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LECONTE, M.D. PART I. 3^ * ^4' WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. MAY, 1S61— liAKCH, 1662. iTiifmBf 'f?r"-''n ''^^f ■•^*^'^ ■'^'^•^-''-""' - V, I ^4 ADVERTISEMENT. The present work is one of a series to be published by the Smithsonian Institution for the purpose of facilitating the study of certain branches of the Natural History of North America which appear to require special aid. It has been prepared, at the request of the Institution, by Dr. LcConte, to whom science is much indebted for thus devoting his time to the preparation of an elementary book, intended to introduce others to a field iu which be has himself been so successful a pioneer. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. J. SmrnsoNiAs Institttion, Washisotom, May, 1861. The preceding advertisement was written and published with page 1—208, in May, 1861. Since then, pages 209—278, com- pleting I'art I of the present work, have been prepared aud are now published. The second and concluding part of the work will contain the families embraced in the divisions Tetramera and Trimera of the older authors. Some time will, however, necessarily elapse before it can be prepared by Dr. LeConte. J. H. February, 1862. •« ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, OCTOBER, 1860. PHILADELPHIA: COLLIHt, pamTK. PREFACE. TnB science of Entomology, in this country, is to a very con- siderable degree traditional. The series of specimens which are arranged and named Lave assumed their scientific value entirely from the labors of four or five individuals, who, from peculiarly favorable circumstances, have been enabled to lay a groundwork for scientific investigation by coufcrcuce or correspondence with European students. The present small treatise, prepared at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, is intended, so far as relates to the determination of genera of Coleoptera, to obviate the necessity for this traditional knowledge, and to enable those who have a desire beyond that of the mere collection of specimens to acquire sufficient information to enable them to consult with profit the various works in wlrch are found scattered the descriptions of our species. At the same time it is designed to present in as compact a form as possible the most recent results of scientific analysis, as applied to the classification of those genera of Cole<^ptera which have been found in that portion of America north of Mexico. In presenting these results, I have by no means adhered to the opinions expressed by those who have previously written on the classification of the order of insects which will occupy our atten- tion ; but where it has seemed to me possible to change with advantage the schemes already proposed, I have not hesitated to alter them. The work is, therefore, intended for two classes of persons — for those who wish to obtain a knowledge of this l)ranch of science, and for those who have already acquired that knowledge, and who now occupy the position of investigators. The first class, or beginners, will here find the elementary iii 62753 It PREFACE. results obtained from a long course of reading and tiic obscrva- lion of abundant materials. A knowledge of tbese rcHuits will enable them to understand t!..; more special memoirs which they will find it necessary to use in the prosecution of their future studies, and eventually to correct any errors which ore contaircd in the present treatise. The second class, or investigators, will find herein certain views proposed for their adoption, which, with the material afforded by our fauna, seem to the author to be pre- ferable to those presented in previous works. Many of the pre- sumed improvements will no doubt be rejected, but it is hoped that at all events they will help, like those which have gone before them, to establish a basis for future progress. Bibliographical references have been avoided in the body of the work ; they would increase considerably the size, without rendering the work more useful. The beginner does not need them ; the investigator knows where to find them in more general works. I have derived great aid in the preparation of this work from the Genera des Coleopteres, by my learned friend Prof. Th. Lacordaire, and from the Genera des Coleopteres d'Europe, by Jacqueliu du Val, both admirable works, which, except in some very intricate cases, render any reference to the earlier authors on the subject of genera almost unnecessary. In conclusion, I would repeat that the present work is not expected to inspire any one with a love for this branch of Ento- mology, but to satisfy, so far as I am able, the desires which have arisen in the minds of those in whom the sacred fire of science has already been kindled. JOHN L. LECONTE. Philadelpbia, April, 1861. TABLE OF CONTENTS. ion Preface Introduction Table of Orders of Insects Exteriml Organizat Coleopiora Head . Thorax Wings Legs Abdomen Other Structures Table of Families Ciri.NI>ELII>AB . Cababiuar Carabidae . Oz.Tiiidae . Harpalidae Amphizoidae . dvtiscidak Qtkinidak IIVDnoPIIIMDAE SiLPIIinAB Silphidae , Brathinidae SCYDMiKNIDAB . PSKLAPIIIDAE . Ciavigeridae P.selaphidae STAPnYLINIDAE Stapliylinidae Piestidae . Micropeplidae HlSTEUIDAE Histeridao . Murtnidiidae SCAPUIDIIDAE . iii vii vii vii ix xiv xvii xviii xix XX xxii 1 41 5 1 14 I 10 3(J 38 42 4.'! 4S 4s 52 53 54 55 50 5K 50 72 72 7:! 74 78 TuinropTEKYriinAK PlIALACItlliAE . N'itiih:mi)AK )[r)Nak Pst'pbenidae Parnidae . Elmidae . IIeteuoceuidae 7!) SO HI 85 8(; 87 88 88 8it ".•2 94 sir. 1(X» 1(11 1(12 1(14 1(4 1(15 105 10(i 107 lOil 11(1 111 112 113 114 115 115 117 117 !. VJ TABLE OP CONTENTS. LCCAIfinAR . 119 Dascyli-idar . . 177 HCAUAIIJilliAR . . 121 Daricylliilno . ITS 8. Laparostictl . 12;J Ili-Uxliilau . . ITU Mololiinllii(liii) . i:n Lampvuidak . Is2 S. I'ImiroMticfi . 141 Laiiii)yiiila() . 1K{ DdPRRHTIIiAB . . 140 Tt)l<*i)linii-t»r(l('r.s composing it arc very readily distiiitjuished from uny of llio otiior orders. Several so-called oruera will by tliis scbcme beeonio attnelied to the orders here recognized, tiy possessiiij; a nmjority of the characters al)ove nientioned ; thus the .St rcpsi ptera heconio the Coleopterous family .Stylopidie ; the Tiiysanoptera and Kuple.\- optera unite with the Orthoptera ; the Aphaniptera with tlio I)il)tera, and the Triehoptera become a sub-order of Neuroptera. Ilaviiif; thus exhibited the eleineiitary charncters ti|)on which the orders arc based, the special sidtject of the present treatise may now occupy the attention of the student. In order that the body of the work may be made intellifjible to the beginner, it will l)e necessary to make a brief exposition of the external anatomy of Coleopterous insects, Ijcfore attempting to define the i»umerous families which compose the order. The three regions, the head, thorax, and abdomen, will therefore be taken up in succession. HEAD. The anterior portion of the body is called tho fiead ; it varies greatly in form, and is joined by meml)ranc to tlie thorax. Usually the hind portion is but slightly narrowe. Mctanotum (or dorsal surface of nu-ta- thorax) ; 7. Femur or thigli ; r, r^, r', &c. Dorsal abdominal segments ; #, «', *', &c. Spira- cles or stigmata; t, t', t". Tibia;; v. Tibial spurs; to. Tarsi. Mentum ; Maudiblu ; ( distinct) ; of protho- Tibije ; •pimeron is oxa, better letatUoraz ; Wings. — The anterior or mcsothoracic pair of wini^s in Cole- optera arc horny plates, called chjtra, and vary greatly in shape and sculpture ; faint traces of nervures are seen in many families in three or four lines of different sculpture ; they usually cover the dorsal surface of the abdomen, but in many genera of widely differing families are very much -.horter than the abdomen ; the inflexed portions along the sides are called epipleurm. The elytra are not entirely wanting in any species of our fauna, though in cei'tain foreign genera of Lampyridaj and Scarabteidaj the females are destitute both of wings and elytra. The posterior or mctathoracic pair of wings are membranous, and have but few nerves ; these are so arranged in most instances n^ ; . M ff m I iili ' i 1 nil i 1 1 ; ! i j .wiii INTRODUCTION. US to form a joint near the extremity, whereby the wing can bo luided entirely under tlic elytra; in some genera with short elytra the wings are extended straight along the dorsal surface of the abdomen. The venation is subject to variation in diflertnt genera, but no results of importance for classification have yet been obtained by the study of these organs. Fretiuently they are wanting, in which case the elytra are usually united closely, or connate. Legs. — The first joint of the legs, or that by which they are attached to the body, is called the coxa, and is received in appro- priate cavities ; the anterior coxal cavities are surrounded by the l)rosternum and adjoining pieces, and are frequently open behind, and rarely in such cases completed by the close apposition of the mesosternura. The middle coxje are surrounded by the meso- and nietasternum, and by the episterna of the mesothorax; when these last do not reach the metasternum the intervening space is occupied by the inner extremity of the epimera of the mesothorax, which are then said to attain the cojoe. The hind coxie are placed between the metastcrnum and the fir.st segment of the abdomen ; the latter extends along the outer edge anteriorly so as to reach the side pieces of the metathorax, though frequently this junction can be seen only on raising the elytra. The form of the coxse is of the greatest importance in distin- guishing the families. At the outer extremity of the anterior coxaj is seen in some families an accessory piece called a irochantin; when the protho- racic breathing pore, or stigma, or spiracle is visible, it is in the same vicinity. Still more rarely the middle coxae have a similar trochantin. At the extremity of the coxaj is a small piece called the tro- chanter; it varies in form, being usually situated in the axis of the thigh, and is more or less obliquely cut off; in many families the trochanters of the hind pair are quite prominent at the inner margin of the thighs, and connected with them only at the base. The first long piece of the legs is called the thigh, or femur; following it is the tibia. The form of the legs varies greatly in different families; being either fitted for walking, ambulatorial ; 4 INTRODUCTION. 01 digging, foasorial; or swiiniuiiig, natatorial; in the latter form, tlio hind legs assume the I'urm of ours in Dytiseidiu and aomo Ilydrophiliduj; or the middle and hind legs become hroud, short, and Hat, ad in Oyrinidu). At the extremity of the tibiu) are two movable spines, called tibial sjiurs; rarely, one of those is absent, but frequently both are so small as to be indistinct. Attached to the til)iie is a series of from three to five pieces, constituting the foot, or tamua; the last joint bears two claws, which, by a very rare exception, are sometimes wanting. The genus Phana'us of Sarabieidiu and the family of Stylopiduj are the only examples in our fauna in which this is the case, lietween the claws is seen in many species a small appendage, called onythiuiH, which usually bears at its extremity two bristles. ABDOMEN. The portion of body behind the metathorax is called the abdo- men, and consists of a series of rings, the normal number of which is nine, though, by coalescence and disappearance, this num- ber is not visible ; these rings are divided into two portions ; the dorsal segments, more or less covered by the elytra, and the ven- tral segments, visible on the under surface. The union between these takes place on the dorsal surface, and is by membrane, ex- cept in the last two, which are frequently very closely united. , The breathing pores, or spiracles, are situated in the connect- ing membranes, or iu the upper iuflexed portions of the ventral segments. The ventral segments are not always opposed to and connected with the corresponding dorsal segments, but are situated difl'er- ently in different fjfrailies, though no use is made of these differ- ences for systematic arrangement. The anal aperture is between the last dorsal and ventral seg- ments, and above it, in the same fissure, is situated the genital opening ; each side of this are horny valves, rarely visible exter- nally, but sometimes of very complex structure constituting the genital armature. The last dorsal segment is called the pygidium, and the penul- timate the propygidium, when they are exposed behind the elytra. •fs^mmm XX INTRODLCTION. OTHER STRUCTURES. Besides the parts of tlio body above described, there are certain structures uccasiunally seen, wliicli, from being used for tlic dis- crimination of genera, need our attention. Stridulating organs, or organs for producing sound, exist in various families, and consist of finely wrinkled surfaces, IVeiiucntly with a pearly lustre ; the sound is produced by friction with some other part in the neighborhood of these stridulating surfaces. The situation of these organs is inconstant ; thus among the Sca- rabteidtc they arc found in Trox, on the ascending jjortion of the first ventral segments ; in Strategus, on the propygidium, and in Ligyrus on the inner surface of the elytra. Extensible membranous vesicles are observed in one tribe of the family Malachida) ; there are two pairs, one proceeding from a fissure beneath the anterior angles of the prothora.v ; the other pair emerging outside, and anterior to tho hind coxa3. ! ill The above sketch of the external anatomy of Coleopterous in- sects contains all that is necessary to enable the student to com- prehend the following pages, and in order to facilitate the deter- mination of the family to which any given species must be referred, I»will now attempt to display the relations, partly natural and partly empirical, between the different families recognized in our fauna. * This synoptic table of families must, in the present state of science, be to a considerable extent artificial, for it is unwise to suppose that in an animal which passes through a complete meta- morphosis, all the highest relations and analogies can be exhi- bited in any single phase of its development. And although the structure of the perfect insect enables us to refer the species to its proper family, yet in grouping ihe families together, some reference must be had to the characters seen in the development of the animal. Such information is at present too vague to be of service in the higher investigations of science, and for this * For the purpose of illustrating to the student modifications of structure used in the tables of this work, 1 add the following wood-cuts illustrating I INTnODI'CTUm. X.M reason, althoogh the families are perfectly defined, tlic attempts to combine them into higher groups, or to exhibit their relations to each other by characters couunoii to several, have to a greot degree failed. gHnerio (liflferfiicex in tlie family Ciciiidelida', and iu the first aud uuuoud BubfaiuilieH of Carabids. ^ CiCINDKMnA. 1. Head of CIclndpla; 2. Maxilla of Cicliulcla; 3. Mnntnm of Omn»; 4. Meiitum of Tt'tracha; .V MnatHm of Clplndcla; 6. Aiitoniia nf do. ; 7. Abdomen of % of ilo. ; s. I',i-te- riur coxa of do. ; 9. Auterlor tarHuit of Ouuk (%); 10. Auterlor turHus of Ciciudela ( % ). CARAniB.B, PIIIST AXD gECOSD SrB-FA.tlll.IEB. 1. Extremity of antorior til)ia of Carabii.s, innor fHci' ; 2. Maxilla of Cychrus ; 3. Hiiid of C'yc'hrus ; 4. Head of Carabiis ; .'), Anteuiia and part of head of Lorlccra ; li. Meutiiiii i.f Carabim: 7. Maxilla of do.; 8. Under mirfaco PaKlniaihtis : 9. Under Burfacn of inoBo- aud metathorax of Metrlun; 10. Anterior tibia of Metriim ; 11. Under mirface of meso- aud inetathorax of I'byHoa; 12. Antenna of raslinaolins ; 1.'! Mentum of do. ; 14. Maxilla of do; 15 Anterior tibia of do. ; 10. Head of Promucoguathus; 17. Mcutuia of I'scudom-.'r- pbu8, sliowi&K the iudiBtluct gular buture. Ill —•itm , t»i, ill I i i !( i TABLE OF FAMILIES. § Fenultimate joint of tarsi not connate with the last joint ; f Iliml tarsi with the sutnc iiinnbcr of joints as the miiidlu tarsi,* which are 5-jointed, unless utht-rwise stated : FirHt ventral Begmunt TJHible at the middle and Hidtiii ; First ventral Hegment visible only at the aides ; 2. Legs fitted for 8winiiuing ; LegH fitted for running ; Mesosternum pointed behind, ntfaining the abdomen ; 4 2 8 1. CiriNDEMDiK. 2. Cakauiii/k. 3. Am'm'Aonia:. 4. DvTim'm;ii. 5. OyUISID/T!. Antennie innerted upon the front. Antennie inserted under the side of the front. Mesosternum not attaining the abdoiuuu. 3. Eyes two, antenna) slender. Eyes four, antenna) short irregular. 4. Dorsal segments of the abdomen partly membranous ; 0 Dorsal and ventral segments entirely corneous ; elytra short ; Abdomen Hexile, ventral segments eight. 10. StaphtliniD;*. Abdomen not flexile, ventral segments five or six. 9. Pselaphida:. 5. Antennce not having a lamtdlate club, or legs not fossorial. tj Outer joints of antenna^ forming a lamellate club ; legs fossorial ; Joints of the club fixed. 31. Lucanid*. Joints of the club movable. 32. ScARAUAiDiK. 6. Ventral segments free. 7 Ventral segments five, 1 — 4 connate ; tarsi 4-jointed j Antennie regular, legs not fossorial. 18. Colydiid*. Antennae irregular, legs fossorial. 30. Hetekocerid*. Ventral segments 1 — 3 connate ; tarsi 5-jointed, not lobed beneath ; Last joint of tarsi very long. 29. Pabmda, Last joint of tarsi moderate. 12. Rhyssodid^. First and second ventral segments connate ; antenna) serrate ; tarsi ."i-jointed, with membranous lobes beneath ; Anterior coxae small, rounded. 33. Bcprestida. * Except in certain males in Families 20 and 21, and one genus of 11. xxii TAULE OV FAMILIES. XXIlt 4 2 8 YUIMD^K- 28. GkoUY8B1I)A. 45. Ptimid^b.* Anterior coxib large, trannTurHH. 38. SciiiKoponiii*. 7. Anlt'iiiiif niofi) or Icsh xurrntu, the outer Joints frequently enlurguJ, but not furniing u rogular uiub. 12 Antfiinie cUvatw, (HouiMtiuuts very nliglitly 80) ; TaiHi H-jointfd ; antHrlor coxi- cdiiiciil, contiguoiin ; onychlum a clubhetl lirUtlf, wiiigx fringed with long liairs. J3. Tki(iii>i>tki(yiiiii.«. Onycliinm not diritiuut. 23. Lathhiuuvm. T«n«i 4-joint«d ; I'roNternuin membranoua. ProHlcrnuin corneous ; First ventral seffinent very long. Fir^t Ventral Hegnient not elongated ; Head protected by tlie hood-like thorax. 40. Cioin*. Head not covered by the thorax. 25. MTrKTopnAon>«. Tarsi 5-|ointfd ; (except in certain genera of FamilieH 10 and 7); Labial ]>alpl approximate at base ; 8 Labial palpi very distant at base ; palpi long. 6. HyuuopuiliI)*. 8. Anterior coxa' large, conical, prominent, cavities open behind. 9 Antfrior lox.e conical, cavities coiitluent, closed behind. 10 Anterior coxje rounded or oval, not prominent. 11 Anterior coxre transverse, not prominent ; Hind cox.-e sulcate behind for reception of thighs. 27. RTRRHiiiiB. Hind cox^ Hat ; Antennae geniculate. 11. Histbrid>«. Antenna) straight; Tarsi more or less dilated, first joint not short, l."). Nitipi'lid^. • Tarsi not dilated, first joint short. 17. THooosiTiniS. !> Hind cox.'P sulcate behind for reception of thiglis. 2f>. DEHMKSTin*. Hind coxie not prominent, last ventral segment long. 12. ScApmniiDiii. Himl coxie somewhat conical, and prominent, not sulcate ; Tarsi lobed beneath. 25. MYCETOPnAOiDiB.f Taisi not loV)ed beneath ; Eyes finely granulated or wanting. Eyes coarsely granulated. 8. 10. Hind coxie not sulcate behind, simply transverse. Hind coxiB concave behind, for reception of thighs ; Front scarcely margined. 22. Sides of the front broadly dilated. 17. 7. SiLPiiin^. BcYBMJKNIDjK. 24. Otuniu)^. Derodontid-k. TnooosiTinj«4 11. Antennic geniculate. 11. Hibteuid«.§ Antennffi straight ; Hind coxaj sulcate hehind for reception of thighs. 34. Turoscid«.|| Hind coxtB not sulcate beliind. First and fifth ventral segments very long. 10. Monotomid*. 'PRE8TID*. of 11. * Sub-family Lyctidae. t Sub-family Peltaaticidae. II Tribe Throscini. f Sub-family Diphyllidas. § Sub-family Murmidiidse. XXIV TABLE OF FAMILIES. [I I ! Fifth ventral segment not elongated ; Hind coxffi more or less distan,'; ventral segments aubeqnal; Epimera reaching the middle coxae, which are distant from anterior ones. 20. Cucujidvb. Epimera not reaching the middle coxce, which are close to anterior ones ; Anterior coxal cavities open behind. 21. Chyptophaoid;IB. Anterior coxal cavities closed. Hind coxoD flat ; first ventral segment longer. 12. Hind coxie uot sulcate ; Hind coxae sulcate for reception of thighs ; Anterior coxjb transverse or conical. Anterior coxae globose ; Anterior coxal cavities closed by mesosternum Anterior coxal cavities open belli nd ; Spurs small, ventral segments usually five. Spurs large, ventral segments six. 13. Onychium large, hairy. Onychium small or wanting ; Head not constricted behind ; Epimera of mesotborax attaining the coxae. Epimera of mesotborax not attaining the coxae. Head suddenly constricted behind. 14. Tarsi with membranous lobes ; hind coxfo flat. Ekotylid*.* 14. Pualacbid;e. 14 18 34. THROSCID^E.f 35. Elaterib^s. 36. CEBRIONIDiB. 37. RlIIPICEBID^. 39. Dascyllid*. 45. PTiNiniK.t 44. cupesidjk. 42. Clekid^. .1 Tarsi not lobed beneath ; hind coxae more or less prominent ; Anterior coxa! long, without trochantin. 43. Lymexylidjb. Anterior coxae long, with distinct trochantin; Ventral segments seven or eight. 40. Lampyrid^. Ventral segments six (rarely apparently five). 41. Malaciiiid^b. Anterior coxae large, rounded, without trochantin. 45. rTiNiD.B.§ * Sub-fr.mily Encidfe. f Tribe Lissomiui. i Stib-faniilies Ptinidau and Auobiidse. § Sub-family Bostrichidaj, J. TABLE OF FAMILIES. xxr 2 3 47 ft Hind tarsi* with a less number of joints than the middle tarsi ; 4-jointed. Anterior coxal cavities closed behind. Anterior coxal cavities open behind. 2. Tarsal claws simple ; Ventral segments five ; Penult, joint of tarsi not spongy beneath. Penult, joint of tarsi spongy beneath. Ventral segments six. Tarsal claws pectinate. 3. Head not strongly and suddenly constricted behind. Head strongly constricted at base. 4. Middle coxie large, conical ; Middle coxre not very prominent ; head horizontal ; Penultimate joint of tarsi cylindrical; Antennae received in grooves. Antennw free. Penult, joint of tarsi with a membranous lobe. T). Lateral margin of prothorax distinct. Lateral margin of prothorax wanting. (J. Head gradually narrowed behind the eyes. Head suddenly narrowed behind ; Lateral suture of prothorax wanting. Lateral suture of prothorax distinct; base as wide as the elvtra • Antennse filiform ; "^ ' Hind coxne not laminiform. Hind coxae laminiform. Antenna; flabellate. 7. Tarsi perfect with distinct claws ; eyes normal ; Prothorax at base narrower than the elytra ; Hind coxae not prominent. Hind coxae large, prominent ; Claws simple. Claws cleft or toothed. Prothorax at base as wide as the elytra. Tarsi without claws ; eyes pedunculated. Tenedriomdae. 50. Laouiidae. 48. Aegialitidae. 49. Cisteliuae. 4 6 6 61. monommidae. 53. Pytiiidab. 54. Myctekidae. 52. Melandkyidae. 55. Oedemeuidae. 56. Cepualoidae. 52. MELAXDUYIDAE.f 57. MoKI)KLI,IUAE. 61. RlIIPIl'HOIilDAE.t 58. Anthicidae. 59. PYEOCnHOIDAE. CO. Meloidae. 61. ruipiphokidae. 62. Styloi'idae. * Except in Stylopidae, which is an entirely anomalous family t Tribe Scraptiiui. j Tribe Evanioceriui. fffl ! ! ! 1 1 . f mm i 1 II 1. •''. J^ CLASSIFICATION OF THB COLEOPTERA OF KOETH AMERICA. Fam. I.— cicindelidae. Men'tum deeply emarginate; ligula small, concealed; base of labial palpi free. ^laxilhe with the outer lobe biarticulate, the inner usually terminated by an articulated hook. Antennas inserted on the front, above the base of the mandibles. Prothorax with the epimera and episterna distinct. Metasternum pointed behind, reaching the abdomen. Abdomen with the three anterior segments connate- 6-articulated in the female, usually 7-articuhited in the male! _ Legs slender, formed for running; posterior coxa) dilated internally, not reaching the margin of the body; tarsi o-jomted. The species composing this family are the most prcdaceous of Colcoptcra, and in some of them activity as well as briliiauoy of coloring is carried to its greatest perfection. The genera fonnd in the United States are all terrestrial, but within the tropics are many wliich alight only on leaves of trees. More full descriptions of the habits will be given below, under the particular groups. The head is large; the mandibles long and sharply toothed ; the raa.xilkc have two lobes; the interior is armed with spines on its inner margin, and in our genera is terminated by an articulated hook, wliich is wanting in some foreign genera ; the uientum is large, deeply emarginate with the lateral angles acute, armed in the middle with a large acute tooth, and is separated from the gula by a distinct suture; the ligula is small, hidden under the mentum tooth; the base of the labial palpi is free and prominent, appearing like a separate joint. 1 ■-,,^mmm MUM 1 ■ 1 'l ' 111 1 . . ».' ( . !li; »! IS' ■■I!') : III li t, , .(■it 'i '■ t? I! mil '■'ill I ^^ii Hi it' Jifi ill 11 2 COLEOPTERA OF NOnTII AMEUICA. Tho anlennre are inserted upon the front, above the mandibles; they are always ll-jointud, with the four inferior joints glabrous and polished, the others pubescent; they are usually filiform, rarely thickened externally. Tiie thorax is usually cordate, sometimes cylindrical, rarely qua- drate; the dorsal surface is marked by an anterior and posterior transverse impression, and a dorsal line connecting the two trans- verse impressions; the lateral margin is not well defined, as in most of the genera of the next family; the prosternnin is narrow, not produced behind; the episterna and ejiimcra are distinctly defined by sutures, and tho anterior coxa) are globular, with the cotyloid cavities entire. The raesosternura is obliquely declivous, deeply emarginate behind ; the epimera and episterna are sometimes connate, without suture, and sometimes distinct; in the latter case the snturc runs diagonally, and the epimera extend to the middle coxie, which are globular. The mctasternum is pointed in front and behind, reaching tho middle of the second ventral segment; the epimera are large in the winged species, small in the apterou.^ ones; the episterna are small, and frequently indistinct. The posterior coxa; are triangular, dilated and prominent internally, concave behind for the motion of the thighs; they do not e:itend to the margin of the body, but are inclosed by the side pieces of the metathorax, and the first ventral segment. The elytra cover the body, and are rounded at the tip; some- times they are connate, and sometimes (as in Amblychila) embrace widely the flanks of the abdomen ; the wings are usually well developed, sometimes wanting. The legs are slender, usually long ; the tibite have two distinct terminal spurs; the tarsi in our genera are filiform, the fir^^t three joints of the anterior ones of the male usually dilated, and densely clothed with hair beneath. The claws are acute, and simple. The abdomen is composed in the female of six ventral segments ; in the male the sixth segment is usually deeply emarginate, and a small seventh segment is thus seen, but in Amblychila the abdomen is alike in both sexes; the three anterior segments are closely con- nate, the first is visible only on the sides, the second is acute in the middle, and reaches the point of the mctasternum; the others arc movable. The dorsal segments, as first observed by Dr. Schaum, ^*«r -'i CTCINPELIDAE. 8 luliblcs; [rliihrous n, rarely rely q«'i- posterior vo trans- id, as in i narrow, distinctly with the narginate t', without ture runs which are idling the e large in isterna are triangular, he motion body, but il the first tip; somc- I embrace uully well 0 distinct irst three nd densely uijile. segments; late, and a le abdomen ;losely con- icute in the others arc -. Schaum, M are eight in the male and seven in the female, the seventh in the latter sex being elongated so as to conceal the eighth. This family is divided by Lacordaire into five tribes, of whi'.h but three are found within the limits of the United States, and are distinguished in the following manner: — A. Tliinl joint of maxillary palpi longer than the fourtli. First joint of labial palpi very short. Maxticorisi. First joint of labial palpi elongatml. Mkoackpuamni. B. Third joint of maxillary palpi shorter than tho fourth. Ciciadelisi. Tribe I.— MAXTICORIXI. The species of this tribe are apterous, with the elytra connate ; the eyes are small, and in this respect they differ from all other members of the family; the first joint of the lal)ial pnlpi is very short, and hardly extends beyond the cmargination of the mentum. Tliese insects are probably cre])uscular or nocturnal in their habits. I am informed by Dr. AVm. A. IFammond, that speci- mens of Amblyehila were found by him running aliout in the early morning of cloudy days. The only specimens of Onms found by me were drowned in a rain-pool nenr San Francisco. In Amblyehila the usual dilTerences between the sexes fail ; the tarsi of the male are not dilated, and the abdomen has only six ventral segments. In Omus the anterior tarsi of the male are widely dilated, and the Tth ventral segment is distinct. Two genera of this tribe are found in our country, and both arc peculiar to it. Amblyehila, having wide epiplcura?, occurs in Kansas, New ^lexico, and probably in California. (1 species.) Omus, having narrow epipleura?, is found in California, Oregon, and Washington Territory. (3 species.) Tril)e II.— !»IEf;AC FPIIAMM. The native species of this tribe arc but two in number, and belong to the genus Tetracha. T. ririjiin'ai is crepuscular iu its habits; T. Carolina extends from the Atlantic to the I'acific coast. Tribe III.— CICIXDELiXI. Of this tribe the species arc very numerous. Those of our fauna belong, with one exception, to Cicindela, and many of them are seen on roads exposed to the sun, flying actively on the least alarm, and again alighting at the distance of a few paces. The !!i, ''!'"r ^i^ 4 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. species nre more nnmorous in the temperate anil warm regions of the country, and gradually disap})car towards the north, until iu the latitude of Lake Winnipeg but two or three species remain.* Our species all belojig to the genus Cicindela.f The larva; of Cicindida, like the perfect insects, live in holes, which they excavate with their juws and feet, in sandy localities, using, as stated by Westwood, their broad head for bringing the particles to the surface. They are easily procured in spring by placing a fine straw down the hole, when the larva will gradually push it out, and rising to the surface, may be captured. They are whitish grubs, with a large, flat, metallic-colored head, with long toothed mandibles; the prothoracic segment is protected above by a large, lunate, corneous scute; the ninth segment has two dorsal hooks; the tarsi are terminated by two claws. They lie in wait for prey at the mouth of the burrow, the head and thorax closing the opening, and seize with the long mandibles any insect which approaches within reach. Fam. II.— CARABIDAE. Mentum deeply emarginate ; ligula more or less promi- nent, usually furnished with paraglosste. Maxillte with the outer lobe palpiform, usually biarticulate, the inner usually curved, acute, ciliate with spines. Antennae inserted behind the base of the mandibles, under a frontal ridge. Prothorax with the epimera and episterna usually distinct. * For a synopsis of the native species of Cicindela, see Transactions of the American IMiilosophital Society, vol. X[. f While this slieet is ])assing tlirougli the press, Mr. Ulke has kindly loaned me a female specimen of Drvmocliurus J'ihitt'i Guerin, ■wliich lie h.TS recently received. It has not the third joint of the labial palpi any thicker than in ordinary Cicindehe, but dill'ers, however, by the wings being en- tirely wanting. In several species of Cicindela. the wings are very feeble, and in that case the humeral angles of the elytra are not distinct, so that the form of Dromica is assunuMl. I am disponed, therefore, to consider Jk Pilntci as constituting merely an aberrant gmup of Cicindela, in the neigh- borhood of (,'. dromicuides, and our own C. celerijies. It is a black insect, about half an inch long, without lustre. The eyes are moderately large, and tlie front is scarcely concave, with but few wrinkles. The elytra are convex, oval, narrowed in front, and covered with not very deep bluish punctures ; there is no putural spine, and the apex is entirely without ser- rature. The tarsi are more jjubescent than in other species. The labrum is armed with three acute teeth. It is found in Texas. il i^'' f CARABIDAE. O Metasternum pointed behind, usually meeting the second ventral segment. Abdomen with the three anterior segments connate; usually with six, rarely (Brachinini) with seven or eight ventral segments; the first visible otdy at the sides. Legs slender, formed for running; anterior and middle coxa3 globular, posterior dilated internally, not attaining the margin of the abdomen (exeept iu Traehypachini); tarsi 5-joiuted. One of the most numerous families of Coleoptera, and generally predaceous in character, althou<^h some species of Amara, Zabrus, and Ilarpul'is also use vegetable food. The larva of Omophron labiatum is also very destructive to young corn in our Southern States. The characters above mentioned being almost the only ones common to all the members of the family, it will be unnecei^sary to enter into a detailed description of the different parts of the body, as I have done in the preceding family. Numerous efforts have been made to indicate a rationnl dis- tribution of the genera, and the attempts commenced by Latreille and Bonelli, and successively improved by the suggestions of De- jean, Eriehson, SchiOdte, Lacordaire, and myself, have fiiiully, in the expert hands of Schaum, assumed a form in which probably permanent results have been attained. Following, then, the suggestions of these later authors, with still further modifications, the whole family may be divided into three series, which might be almost termed sub-families. Middle coxtB distant ; Epimera of tlie mesothorax reaching the coxse. Carabid.'e. Epimera of tho mesothorax not reaching the coxae. Hakpalid.b. Middle coxoe contiguous. Oz.ii.MDiB. Sub-Family I— CARABIDAE (gcnuini). Epimeraof the mesothorax extending to the coxa;; mcsosternum broadly separating the middle coxa;. In this sub-family are contained nearly all the anomalous forms of Carabida;. They consequently may be arranged in several tribes, among which are to be found the osculating points with the i)re- ceding and following families, as well as the direct lines of affinity to the second and third sub-families. No general characters ex- cept the one above given will apply to all of them, but the special "^^ i p (i» 6 COLEOPTEnA OF NOUTII AMEHICA. characters of the tribes found in the United States may be thus expressed: — • rular suture distinct in nil of our tribes. Autennio insor'od under frontal i)lates ; anterior tibiao palmate. VIII. ScxniTixt. Antonnfo with tho base free ; anterior tibia; not palmate. 2 2 Mesosternuni covered ; scutelluuj wanting. I. Omopuiiosim. Mesosternum visible ; scutellum distinct. 3 3 Anterior coxnl cavities closed behind by the prosternum. 4 Anterior coxal cavities open behind. 7 4 Maxilhe covered at the base. VII. PuoiiECOflXATHisi. Maxilla) exposed at the base. 5 5 Prosternum produced behind. VI. Mktriim. Prosternum not produced behind tho coxne. G 6 AntenniB ordinary ; anterior tibia) slightly emarginate. II Elapiirisi. Antennae verticillate, basal articulation prominent ; anterior tibiie strongly emarginate. III. Lokr'erim. 7 Posterior coxse attaining the margin of the body ; mpsosternum not cari- nate. IV. TiucKYrAcniNi. Posterior coxa) normal ; mesosternum carinate anteriorly. V. Cakabiki. Tribe I.— OMOPIIUOXI^I. This tribe consists of bnt a single genus, remarkable for its round convex form and the absence of scutellum. The head is broad, pointed in front; the labrum flat, the man- dibles also flattened above ; the clypeal suture makes an angle between the antenna;; the latter are filiform, with the four basal joints smooth. The palpi are filiform. The mentum is deeply emarginate, toothed in the middle, with the gular suture distinct ; the anterior coxa) are surrounded by the prosternum, which is broad, and prolonged behind so as to cover the mesosternum; the side pieces of the latter are very transverse, and the epirnera reach inwards to the coxal cavity; the episterna of the metathorax are short and broad, without visible epirnera. The striae of the elytra are beyond the usual number; in our species there are fifteen, including the marginal. The anterior tibiic are obliquely suleate at the apex internally, one spine is apical, the other is placed above the apex. The first joint of the anterior and middle tarsi of the males is strongly dilated in our species, and covered with hair beneath. The species are found in wet sand, near the margin of streams or ponds; two are found on the Pacific, four on the Atlautic slope of the continent. ,.l!!i CARABIDAE. Tribe II.— ELAPIIltlM. In this tribe, as restricted by i.ie, tliere are but two genera, both of wliieli are rcj)rcsente(l in North America. Khiphrus liaviiiff tlio eyes larjre and i)ronHnent, and the elytra witli rows of larjre, slial- low, ocellate fovea;; IJlethisa liaving tlic eyes small, the elytra with nine dorsal stria;, with a few scattered fovea*. The head is pointed in front; the clypeal suture straight; trie autcnns filiform, with four glabrous joints; the mentum is deej)ly emarginate, with a bifid tooth, gular suture di.stiiict ; the anterior co.\a> are entirely surrounded by the prosteruum, which is not pro- longed behind. The mesosternum is declivous; the side pieces are diagonally divided, and the epimera reach the coxa? ; the episterna of the metathorax are short and broad, without visible epimera. The wings are well developed. The anterior tibia; are obliquely sulcatc at the apex internally, somewhat cmarginate, with the inner spur considerably above the apex; the anterior tarsi of the males have three or four joints dilated, and covered with hairs beneath, and in Blethisa quadricoUis the anterior thighs of the same sex are armed beneath with an acute tooth. Species of both genera arc found on both sides of the continent. Elaphrus has considerable resemblance to Cicindela in form and habits, and is found running on mud-flats near .streams or pools. Blethisa occurs also near water (usually marshes), under stones. Tribe III.— LORICERIXI. This tribe contains two genera, of which but one is found in Xorth America, and its affinities are very differently represented by authors. By most of them it is placed near Panagieu.s, the form of the anterior tibia;, which is altogether that of the ordinary Carabida; of the second series, being considered to outweigh the other characters. From all other Carabida; the species of the present tribe difter in having the antenme inserted so as to expo.sc the globular base of the first joint; the latter is very long; four joints are glabrous, and the 2 — 6 are furnished with long diverging bristles ; the mandibles are flattened ; the base of the maxilla; is very promi- nent, and armed, as in Nebria, with long bristles; the palpi an; long and slender; the meutum is emarginate, with a bifid tooth iff Ill ti;t ■■ ■' I i; ,..| I.; 'i ■ •%». II iPi. (.,,.; Mi;i: If' ! : i 1 t ill 111' •ill 8 COLEOPTEIIA OP NOBTII AMERICA. and distinct gulur suture. Tlio head is strongly constricted be- hind tlio eyes into a neciv; the clyi)eul suture is transverse. Tlio anterior coxiv are entirely enclosed, and the iirosterninu is not pro- longeil behind; the niesosternuni is declivous, the side pieces arc diugunuily divided, and the epimcra reach the coxiu; the episteruiv of the nietathorax are moderately broad; their epimera are visilile in tlic Maderan genus Elliptosoma, but are not seen in Loricera. The elytra have fourteen striro, and a few impressed foveie. The anterior tibia) arc very slightly thickened, deeply sulcate and emar- ginate internally, with the inner spur far above the a))cx. Tliree joints of the anterior tarsi of the males are dilated, covered with a brush of hairs beneath. Several species are found near the Pacific coast; one also occurs in Nova Scotia and at Lake Superior, which does not appear to differ from the European L. pilicornis. Tribe IV.— TRACHYPAtlllXI. This tribe is represented by two genera. Trachypachys, of which one species is found in Xorthern Europe, and another on the Pacific coast, north of Columbia River, and Sistolosoma, found in Chile. It differs from all other Carabidic by having the posterior coxtc, though not unusual in size, extended to the margin of the body, so as to separate the side pieces of the raetathorax from the first ventral segment. The form of body is that of a small Ilarpalidc. The head is rather blunt, the eyes not prominent, the clypeal suture transverse; the antennas are shining and glabrous, having only a few hairs about the sides of the outer joints. The palpi are fili- form ; the mentum deeply emarginate, with bifid tooth and gular suture distinct; the anterior coxa) are not closed behind; the i)ro- sternum is produced behind the coxa;, and passes over the mcso- sternum; the sutures between the epimera and the prosternum are not visible; the mesosternum is declivous, not carinate in front, though, by an error of observation, I have stated in the Pacific Railroad Reports and Explorations, vol. XL, that it is formed as in Js'otiophilus ; the side-pieces are diagonally divided, and the epimera reach the coxaj; the episterna of the raetathorax are long and narrow, without visible epimera. Elytra with stritB composed of small punctures, visible only near the suture. The' anterior tibia) thickened gradually, and armed with short spines externally, obliquely sulcate and slightly emarginate internally at the apex, > CARAniPAE. 9 with the inner spnr above the npcx; anterior tarsi of the nmlo witii two joints modenituly (iilateii. Uy tiiis group is luuilc u transition to the following fuuiily, Am- phizoicUi'. Tribe v.— C'ARABIXI. A nnmerons tribe, containing some of the largest anil most beautiful species of the family, and also some very small ones; they agree in hal)its, being found in shady situations in forests, under stones and pieces of wood, or under leaves. They also agree in the following characters: — The prosternum and prothoraeic side pieces do not entirely sur- round the anterior coxib, whereby the latter are in part i)rotected by concavities of the mesosternum, which is carinate at the middle anteriorly, and frequently concave beneath; the prosternum (ex- cept in Cychrus) is more or less produced behind the coxie, so as sometimes almost to cover the mesosternum ; the anterior tibiic arc somewhat grooved internally at the apex ; the spurs are either both terminal, or, from the apex being obliquely truncate, the inner one is above the apex. The characters in this group arc otherwise quite variable; the labrum is emargiimtc, toothed, or even deeply bilobed; the man- dibles are sometimes toothed, sometimes simple, in Cychrus more elongate than usual; the maxiilio of the same genus are also much prolonged; the palpi are sometimes very much dilated; the mcntum is deeply emarginate, with the gular suture di.stinct. The clypco-frontal suture is straight, and usually distinct, but is want- ing in the European genus Procerus. The antenna) have usually four basal smooth joints, but in Nomarctus there are only two. The outer joints are usually entirely pubescent, but in certain species of Calosoma are so only at the margins. The sutures of the under surface of the prothorax are distinct, the epiniera project along the posterior part of the coxie, but do not reach the prosternum ; the coxal cavity is thus open for a greater or less extent at the liinder part. I cannot agree with Schaum* that this is owing to a simple depression of this hind margin; and, moreover, the fact that it accompanies the carinate mesosternum is sufficient to mark it as a natural character, even * Ins. DeutscLL, I. 60. |i||'iMi1'!> m iii ! 9it; 'i. fit W ■ J f)iiiiiii 'I • I: ' I , ■If % WW ! ( 4 ' k 1 10 COLEOPTEUA OP NOHTII AMEllICA. lliough it should separate genera so similar in sculpture as Oi)i8- tiling and lliaphrus. The sculpture of tlio elytra is very variable ; sometimes (\el)riii) the striiu have the normal numher (nine)i usually, however, they are more numerous; in Notiophilns the inner slriiu are sepamtL'd Irom the outer ones by a very wide smooth space; in Opisihius the sculpture consists of rows of shallow oeellate fovea* ; in certain species of f'ychrus and Carabus the elytra are ornamented with rows of tubercles. Our genera may bo thus arranged : — A. Uoad trinngular ; prostornuui prolonijed bohind the anterior cosas ; epipU'UiiD narrow. a, Mi'tituni liidontiitt) ; Antt'rior tibia) obliquely truncate. Notiopimmtb. Antorlor tibiao with both Bpurs torraiual ; elytra with ocKllato fiivem. Oi'isTiiiiM, Elytra with nine strias, the outer one frequently obliterated ; (inner spur of anterior til)ite not quite terminal) ; Mnxill.-e arnu'il beneath with l)ristles. Ni;iiniA. Maxillro artned beneath with spines. Lklstdh. h. Montum tooth simple (elytra with numerous striie) ; Tiiird joint of antenna; stroiiijly eonipressed. Calosoma. Third joint of ai.tenna) cylindrieal. ('auaiics. B. Head elongate ; labrura deeply bilobed ; epipleurse very broad. Antenna' with two glabrous joints; stria) of the elytra not exceeding thirteen. Nomakktus. Antenna) %vith four glabrous joints ; strioB of the elytra numerous, sometimes replaced by tubercles. Cycuuus. Of these genera, Opisthius contains a single species, found in Oregon and at Mackenzie River; Leistus one species from Russian America, and is also found in Europe. Nomaretus is conOued to the Atlantic slope; the other genera are widely difl'used. Tribe VI,— METRIIIVI. This tribe contains but a single Californian species {Metrins contractus Ksch.), of singular form, found under stones in forests. The head somewhat obtuse, the clypeal suture transverse, the eyes small, not prominent; the mandibles are trigonal, concave externally, as in most Carabida); the antenna) have four glabrous joints. The mcntnm is deeply emarginate, with a bifid tooth; gular suture distinct; palpi moderately stout. Anterior coxae eu- If!' t € ' CARAIIIDAE. 11 ; ns Opl«- I (Nchria) L'vcr, tlicy st'pariitt'il Opistliiiis ill certuin ;iitcd wilh trior cozn ; MOPllIMtS. ith oci'llato )l'ISTIIIUf(. i}blitci'utod ; Ni:uniA. Lkistdh. /ALOPOMA. ('akaiu's. t exceeding )MAKKTI'!<. lUlIlHTOUS, Cyciiuuh. I, found in m Russian •onfmed to R {Metritis in forests. ;verse, the concave r glabrous ful tooth; r coxa; eu- tircly rnolosod, prostornum prohjugcd behind; moso.stomnm sinnli, deeply depressed, side pieces diagonally divide d, epiiiiera reaeliing tlie cosu!; inetustcrnuin very short, side pieces liruad, with distinct opiineni. Klytra connate, witli very faint strin-, tlie oxternal ones entirely oliliterated. Anterior tihiie gra • 14 COLEOITERA OP.NOKTII AMETIICA. distinct from Dyst-liirius. Tlie licad in Schizogciiius is remarkablj sculptured, with deep longitudinal grooves. t .1-1 ■ ■ m Sub-Family II.—OZ.ENIDAE. Mesosternum very narrow ; middle coxa) contiguous. On this single character I have seimrated ns a sub-family two small tribes. They diflfer from each other by the form of the meso- thoracic cpimera, which in Ozienini reach the ooxiu, and in Pseu- domorphini do not. Nevertheless, these groups are related, and the transition is clearly shown by Physca which, with all the essential characters of Ozajna, has the dilated frontal plates and the exca- vated femora of the other tribe. I have observed certain anomalies in the form of the eyes in these tribes, which I do not find in other Carabidic. In Ozicna the eyes are truncated behind, and in Physea even emarginated by the inflated portion of the sides of the head. In I'seudomorphus the eyes are distinctly angnlated on the Outer margin, where they arc limited by the corneous under-surface of the head, so as to be confined entirely to the upper surface. iijliiiiiil;^'!! ijllliillllli Tribe I.— OZ^XIXI. The species of this tribe differ from all the preceding genera in having the mesosternum very narrow, so that the middle coxtc are almost in contact. There are considerable dilforenccs in other respects between the two genera before me, neither of which have yet been found within our limits, though either may be hereafter discovered in Texas. In Oztcna the antenna^ arc inserted as usual, slightly thickened externally, with four basal joints more smooth than the rest; the legs are not compressed, the anterior tibiic deeply cmarginalc internally, with the upper spur represented only by a few bristles; Ihe raentum is broad, with the middle lobe nearly as long as the lateral portions; the gular suture not very evident. In Physea the sides of the front arc broadly dilated, and the antennas arc inserted under these plates; the nntennic are filiform, with smooth joints, loosely clothed with hair. The mentuin is deeply cmarginatc, with the middle tooth moderate in size; the gular suture not very evident. The legs are compressed, with the ', ! ttHHt! CARABIDAE. 15 mark ably imily two llie incso- iu rseu- (1, and the ! essential the exca- e eyes in thighs deeply excavated beneath; the anterior tibiiw are but slightly eniiirj^inate internally; the upper spur is a single bristle. In all the genera of this tribe the margin of the elytra at the point where the posterior curvature commences is interrupted by nn ol)li(pio ridge marked with a furrow, at which the epipleura suddenly ceases. Dorsal stria; arc wanting; the submarginal ocol- latc punctures are few, and not distinct. The suture between the epiniera and episterna of the prothorax is not distinct. The side pieces of the mesosternum are diagonally divided, and the eiiimeni reach the coxie; the side pieces of the metathorax are long and very Tiarrow, with the epimera larger than usual. The species of Oziena, as noticed by Lacordairc, eject from the extremity of the abdomen, with explosive force, a pungent fluid, in a manner similar to JJraehinus. ysea even head. In the Outer surface of ce. genera in coxic are in other lich have hereafter thickened rest; the marginatc bristles; )ng as the , and the e filiform, lentuia is size; the , with the Tribe II.— PSEUDOMORPniXI. This tribe, of which most of the species are found in Australia, has but a single representative {Pseudumorphus excntcians Kirby. Drepanns Lecontci Dej.) in our country; it is one of the rarest of our Culeoptera, and is found in Georgia and Carolina. The genera of this group are among the most anomalous of the family, and at first sight would not be considered as belonging to it. Our species has almost the appearance of Ips; other genera resemble Gyrinus in form. The meiitum is entirely connate without suture with the gula, a character otherwise found in only one tribe of the first sub-family (Siagonini), foreign to North America. The mesosternum is ex- tremely narrow, as in Ozicnini, so that the middle coxie arc in con- tact; the episterna are large, the epimera very small, and do not reach the coxal cavity; the episterna of the metathorax are long, with distinct epimera. The sides of the front are dilated, and the antenna; are inserted beneath the dilatation ; three basal joints are smooth in our species ; the uientum is dee[)ly emarginate, without gular suture. The legs are somewhat compressed, the femora are deeply exca- vated beneath; the anterior tibia; feebly emarginate, with the upper spur remote from the apex. The anterior coxie are very narrowly enclosed behind, and the prosternum is somewhat prolonged ; the sutures between the pro- irlPF ! : ^ ■ ■ ■•■ "t , f) ' \.:r J ijlliliinii IM§i ifri! ')'■:■;'' 16 COLEOPTEUA OF XORTII AMERICA. m-"'' sternum and cpistcrna arc nearly cITaced. The hind coxa? are small, contiguous, and separate tlie metastcrnum from tlie middle of the abdomen. Sub-Family III.— HARPALIDAE. Epimera of the raesothorax not extending to the coxaj; raeso- sternum broadly separating the middle coxsu. In this sub-family is contained the greater number of species of Carabidfe. But few striking anomalies exist among them, and the tribes, with few exceptions, are connected together by insensible modifications of structure, so that all attempts to isolate them dis- tinctly have thus far proved unsatisfactory. The following characters are useful in enabling the student to recognize genera belonging here : — The eyes are usually present, rarely (Anophthalmus and Anil- lus) wanting. The mentum is deeply cmarginate, sometimes with, sometimes without a medial tooth; the gular suture is always dis- tinct, and the base of the maxilla; never covered; the inner lobe of the maxillffi is always hooked, the outer obe biarticulate (except in the European genus Callistus); the sutures of the under surface of the prothorax are always distinct; the prosternum rarely is pro- longed; the anterior coxae entirely enctosed. The mesosternum always sejiaratcs the middle coxa;, is declivous, sometimes concave; the side pieces are rarely diagonally divided, usually with epimera very narrow and posterior, never extending to the coxte (the epi- mera and episterna are entirely connate, without suture, in tlie foreign Graphi[)terini); the mesosternum attains the fniddle of the second ventral segment (except in the foreign tribe Orthogonini, where the posterior coxa; are contiguous, and separate the meta- stcrnum from the abdomen), and is pointed behind. The abdomen consists of six ventral segments, except in the tribe Brachinini. The anterior tibia; are always deeply cmarginate internally, with the upper spur remote from the apex, sometimes slightly prolonged at the apex; the tarsi are frequently dilated in the male, differently in different groups and genera. The ungues are sometimes serrate, but more frequently simple. The elytra have never more than nine dorsal and a marginal stria, adjacent to which is a row of ocellate punctures (except in Pana- ga;ini); there is also usually a short basal stria by the scutellum, m CARABIDAE. 11 coxoe are he uiitklle isn] mcso- spccies of n, nrid the insensible them dis- student to and Anil- imes with, .Iways dis- icr lobe of te (except ler surface 'ely is pro- sosternnm s concave; th epimera e (the epi- ire, in the Idle of the 'thogonini, the uieta- c abdomea chinini. nally, with prolonged differently les serrate, ginal stria, it in Pana- scutellum. or between the first and second striaj ; the interval between the second and third strite is usually marked with one or more deep punctures. The apex of the elytra is truncate, sinuate, or rounded. The numerous genera found in the United States indicate the following tribes, which, with the exception of the first four and the last, are separated by very indistinct and indefinite characters:— Abdomen with seven ( 9 ) or eight ( % ) ventral segments. I. Bbachiniki. Abdomen witli six ventral segments in both sexes ; A. Elytra without ooellato punctures (paragloss» wanting). II. PANA0.B1N1. B. Elytra with ocellate marginal punctures ; A. Paraglossaj wanting; antenna; much compressed, or moniliform; anterior tibiae dilated ; Elytra entire. m. Morionini. Elytra truncate. ly. Helluonim. B. Antennae filiform, or nearly so ; paraglossia free or connate ; a. Head with a slender neck ; antennae with the first joint elon- gate ; elytra truncate. y. DiivrTiKi. b. Antennae with the iirst joint not elongate, joints 1—3 glabrous ;* Elytra truncate or rounded ; head usually with a slender neck; lignla free at the apex. VI. Odacanthi.vi. Elytra truncate ; neck either indistinct or moderately slen- der ; ligula not free at the apex. VII. Lediini. Elytra obliquely sinuate ; abdomen not pedunculated ; Anterior tarsi of % with two series of papillae. VIII. PTEROSTICHIiri. Anterior tarsi of % densely spongy-pubescent ; Labrum emarginate and impressed. IX. LtcuMNi. Labrum not impressed. x. Chl^.mini! c. Antennae with the first joint not elongate; joints 1—4 glabrous; Elytra rounded ; abdomen pedunculated. XI. Broscini. d. Antennae with the first joint not elongated, third joint more" or less pubescent ; Anterior tarsi of % (?) with one joint dilated. XII. STEsoMORPnmr. Anterior and middle tarsi of % with four joints or none •^'^^^'^'i- XIII. IIabpaliki. Anterior tarsi of % with two joints obliquely dilated ; Palpi with the last joint cylindrical, truncate. XIV. PATBODINr. Palpi with the last joint conical acute. XV. Tkechini. Palpi with the last joint small subulate. XVI. Bembiduni. * Except in certain foreign species of Pterostichini, and in Trechicus 2 ^*w fll. lill 18 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. iitlMitlllHl Tribe I.— BRACHIIVIIVI. The increased number of ventral segments (seven in the female, eight in the male) will readily distinguish the members of this tribe. Additional eliaracters are : The paraglossa? are scarcely longer than tho ligula; the elytra are truncate at tip, and shorter than the abdomen ; the anterior tibioa are slender, not spinous at the tip, and the anterior tarsi of the male have three slightly dilated joints, with nquamiform papilla) on the under surface. Of the antennaj the first and second joints arc smoother than the others, but not altogether without hair. The head and thorax are narrower than the elytra, and the thorax is cordate. These insects are found in damp and shady places, under stones, K ., "0 remarkable for discharging, in an explosive manner, a i:ui;,. . ■ " "■ secreted by anal glands. Bui out -jLims, Brachinus, is found in the United States. The spcci".'? are numerous, and the specific characters are indistinct. The J A. ve r. -' ■" bluish-grceu elytra. h-yellow head, thorax, and legs, and blue or W'm ( 1, .., 00- Tribe II.— PANAG^INI. Besides the absence of the usual ocellate pnnctures near the margin of the elytra, the following characters enable this tribe to be recognized; the ligula is short, without distinct paraglossa;; the last joint of the palpi is dilated and truncate; the elytra are entire, neither truncate nor sinuate at the tip; the anterior tarsi of the male, when dilated, are spongy beneath. The first and second joints of the antennae are glabrous, the third not so, although smoother and less hairy than the fourth. The mentum is toothed in our species, and smaller than usual. The thorax is constricted at base, and the abdomen almost pedunculated. The epiraera of the metathorax are not very distinct. The body above and beneath is coarsely punctured and pilose. Two genera are found in our territory: — Iload constricted behind the eyes ; mandibles short, acute. Panao^ds. Head not constricted behind ; mandibles thick, obtuse. Micrixvs. Of the first, two species are found in the Atlantic States. Tho second genus is known only by one species, M. dislinchts Lee. {Panagceus distinctiis Hald.), from Jvew Mexico. The genus was CAUABIDAE. 10 us. the female, ' this tribe. ;ely longer lorter than at the tip, atcd joints, le antenncc 5rs, but not rower than ider stones, ,ve manner, tates. The indistinct. lud blue or cs near the ;his tribe to paragiossae; e elytra are rior tarsi of and second o, although 11 is toothed constricted ! cpiracra of ind beneath PanAGjEUS. MicuixYS. tales. The ti actus Lee. 3 genus was forraerlv established by me under the preoccupied name Eugnath but afterwards* changed. Tribe III.— IWrORIONIIO. The ligula in this tribe is dilated, and without paraglossro; the anteniiffi are nioiiiliforra: the four basal joints are glabrous, and even the outer joints are less pubescent than usual; the last joint of the palpi is cylindrical, truncate; the elytra are entire, rounded at tip, with the usual series of ocellate punctures, which, however, diverge from the margin behind. The anterior tibia) are com- pressed and dilated, and the tarsi not dilated in the male. The under surface of the head behind the eyes is somewhat sulcate, for the reception of the antenna;; the parapleural of the mesothorax are very short, whereby, as well as by the form of the anterior tibiic and ligula, this tribe is separated from the Psydrini, with which it has been confounded by many authors. But one genus, Morio, is represented by a single species, M Georg^ce, in the Southern States. The head is suddenly and slightly constricted behind. It is commonly found under bark and is an elongate, shining black Insect, with deeply striate elytra.' Tribe IV.— HELLrOIVIIVI. The ligula in this tribe is without paraglossa; ; the antenna) are much compressed and thickened externally, with the three basal joints smoother than the others, and sparsely hairy. The anterior tibia; are compressed and dilated, the anterior tarsi scarcely dilated m the males. The elytra arc shorter than the abdomen, broadly rounded and almost truncate at the tip. Tno head is constricted behind, forming a short neck. _ From Dryptiiii this tribe is distinguished by the shorter first joint of the antenna^ the broad anterior tibia), and the li-ula with- out paraglossa). One genus (Ilelluomorpha) only is represented in the fauna of the Atlantic region by six species; the labrum is large, concealing the mandibles, and the antenna) very much compressed. The spe- cies are elongate, hairy, strongly punctured, browu insects, found under stones and bark. * Troc. Acad., VII. 220. 20 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. ;.■>' I 'I Tribe v.— DRYPTINI. The lignla is here furnished with distinct pnraplossfP, more or less free at the apex; the antenna) are setnccous, filiform, or even moniliforra, tlic first joint as long as the three following, and thi- basal joints are scarcely less hairy than the others. The anterior tibiae are not dilated, and not spinous at the tip. The anterior tarsi have three moderately dilated joints, with squamiforra papilla) beneath; the elytra are broadly truncate at tip, and shorter than the abdomen. The head is con.stricted behind, forming a neck. The species are hairy and densely punctured insects, found under bark and stones. Galerita, Thalpius, and Diaphorus are found on both sides of the continent; Zuphium, thus far, only in the southern province of the Atlantic district. The species of Galerita have red thorax and blue or black elytra. Neck slender; Antennae setaceons. Galekita. Antennse filiform. Zuphidm. Neck large. Antennae filiform; third joint shorter than the fourth ; tliorax truncate at base. DiAnionrs. AntenniB more or less moniliform ; joints 2 — 4 equal ; tliorax suljpedun- culate. TuALPics. This tribe commences a series so closely allied as to be with difficulty defined. The essential characters of this tribe, however, are given above, and the combination of them will enable its mem- bers to be recognized, although individually the same characters reappear in other tribes. iljiiiji 1 i 1' . i Tribe VI.— ODACAMTHIIVI. The ligula with distinct paraglossa), free at the apex ; the an- tenna; are filiform, sometimes with three basal joints nearly glabrous, sometimes with only one; the first joint is more elongated than usual, but less so than in the preceding tribe. The palpi are acute at the apex. Head constricted behind into a neck, which, however, disappears in some foreign genera. The anterior tibia) are not thickened or spinous at the apex; the anterior tarsi of the male are scarcely dilated. The elytra are truncate in some genera, rounded and entire in others. According to the form of the head CARABTDAE. 21 ?a3, more or rm, or even )g, and the 'he anterior 'he anterior )rra papilla) horter than ', a neck, 'ound under re found on he southern ta have red Galerita. ZUPHIUM. irax truncate !)iArHOKrs. ,x subpedun- TUALPICS. to be with e, however, lie its mem- characters ;x; the an- ly glabrous, gated than [)i are acute h, however, •iae are not 3f the male me genera, of the head and thorax, three groups may be formed, which are, however, merged together by certain foreign genera. Head rhomboidal, with a narrow neck ; thorax cylindrical. Cabnoni.b. Head rounded ; thorax convex cordate, pedunculated. Lacu-Nophori. Head not narrowed behind ; thorax flat, ovate. Euc^ri. Group I.— CaanoniaB. The large rhomboidal head, narrow thorax, and truncate elytra, enable this group to be known at first sight. We have in it the first occurrence of bilobed fourth joint of tarsi, and (in foreign genera) of serrate ungues, characters recurring afterwards in other tribes. The species are small, and found under stones; Leptotra- chelus also on plants. They fly at night, and are attracted by lamps into houses. One species of Casnonia occurs in California, and two in Atlantic America; one Leptotrachelus in the Atlantic region. Tarsi filiform. Tarsi with fourth joint bilobed. Ca,snosia. LbPT0TBACU£L(7S. Group II.— Lachnophorl. The head is large and rounded; the thorax small, cordate, con- vex, and turned into a peduncle at base. The elytra broadly rounded at tip, the ungues always entire. The species are small insects, living in the mud near water- courses, and are gregarious. One species of each genus is found in the southern part of the Atlantic district, and another in the valley of the Colorado and Gila. Ega is remarkable for the outer joints of the antenna) being white, and the elytra with several deep grooves extending from the base to the middle. In both of our genera the last joint of the palpi is ovoid, and sharply acuminate at the apex. Head strongly contracted behind. Eoa. Head slightly contracted behind. Lachnophoros.' This group osculates so completely with the Pterostichini that no distinctive character can be given, except that the three basal joints of the antenna; are not entirely glabrous. But no doubt can result in the mind of the student of our fauna, since the oscu- lant forms are all foreign. \mim liil mm 111 h!i;;;ir' 22 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Group III. — Eacaeri. This group, so far as known to nic, contains but a sinplc species, found in Louisiana, Eiicerrns varicorni's Leo., a small brown shin- ing insect, of the form of Trechus, but with the elytra truncate, and the outer joints of the antenna) white. I formerly placed it in Ilarpalini, but the anterior tibice are slender, and not at all spinous. It cannot bo i)laced with the Lcbiini, since the ligula is free at the apex for a short distance. The ])ubescence of the antenna extends upon the third joint, and even the second is not entirely free from it. The last joint of the palpi is oval and acuminate. The mcutum is not toothed, I have placed it in the present tribe for want of a more conve- nient position. It is, however, an osculant form which is ecpially out of place in any tribe here defined. The basal margin of the elytra is more strongly defined than in any of the other genera having truncate elytra. Tribe VII.— LEBIIIVI. The ligula in this tribe has the paraglossa) connate to the apex, and somewhat variable in form. The maxillary palpi are filiform, the labial sometimes dilated. The antenna) are filiform, with three basal glabrous joints, except in Trcchicus. The bead is sometimes constricted behind into a neck, but usually not; the anterior tibia) are not thickened at the tip, and rarely have any spines at the apex. The elytra are truncate at tip, and shorter than the abdomen ; though in Tetragonoderus they are obliquely subsinuate, almost as in certain Pterostichini ; the margin is not angulated at the hu- meri, and the basal margin is sometimes wanting. The anterior tarsi of the male are usually but slightly, rarely strongly dilated, with squamiform papilla) beneath. The ungues are frequently serrate. Two groups may be formed :— Labrnm short, mandibles exposed. Lebi;8. Labrum large, covering in great part the mandibles. Pericalli. Group I.— Leblee. The genera of this group form three sub-groups, according to the form of the mentum and head. Wl i CABAUIDAE. 23 10 species, own sliiii- tnuicatc, liieed it in 11 spinous, free at the jc extends free from le uiGutum are convc- is eqimlly gin of the ler geuera the apcT, •e filiform, with three sometimes jrior tibiic the apex, abdomen ; te, almost at the hu- erior tarsi iited, with serrate. Lebi;b. ebicalli. ording to Sab-Oroup 1. — LEni<« (gcnuinaj). TTcad constricted behind; inentiim not distinctly toothed, cniar- pination more or less hlled with a busul nicmbraue;* palpi not diluted. Tarsi dilated, spongy beneath; Thorax truncate at base. Tliorax pi'duiieulate. Tarsi filiform ; thorax broader behind, truncate. PLocnioNns. Lkiiia. Nemotausits. Of the last genus one species is found in the Southern and West- ern States, on flowers. The Lebiae are found mostly on flowers, the I'lochioui under bark. The ungues arc serrate iu our geuera. Sub-Oroup 2 . — D r o h 1 1 . In these genera the head is not narrowed behind; the cmargina- tion of the raentura is filled with a basal membrane nearly conceal- ing the tooth, when it exists; the jjalpi are usually acuminate, though the labial are sometimes thickened. Each genus, except Trechicus, which is confined to the Southern States, has repre- sentatives on both sides of the continent. The tarsi are filiform in all of our genera. The species are found under stones. Middle tibisB with small spines ; ungues simple ; Palpi witli last joiut oval ; third joint of autonncTB glabrous. TKinAOON'ODERCS. Palpi with last joiut conical ; third joint of anteunaj pubescent. TliECUICUB. Middle tibiaj not spinous ; Labial palpi slender; Thorax truncate at base ; Mentum not toothed, tinguos serrate. DROMiua. Mentum slightly toothed, ungues simple. ApRisTtra. Thorax slightly lobed at the base ; ungues more or less toothed ; Mentum not toothed. BtEcnKtrs. Mentum with a small emarginate tooth. Metadletus. Labial palpi thick, dilated ; ungues more or less serrate. AxisopALPns. The species of Blechrus and Metabletus are very small, shining, black insects, and were confounded together by mo under the name * This basal membrane is the anterior portion of the mentum, which is rarely seen iu Carabidae, but is very obvious in many of the following families. Itp^ ll l;-i !i; IKI ;i'i '1 'i' 24 COLEOPTEBA OF NORTH AMERICA. Tiomitis, Trcchiciifl wns formerly placed by mo in TInrpalini, but tlic punifjIossiL" art' coiiiiato with the li>j:ula, ami tho aiitorior tibiiu are not at all tiiifkciic(l or spinous; it diflurs fri)i all the other genera of this tril»c known to ine by the second joint of the nn- tennn; being e(pial to the third, which is j)ubescent, and the eighth stria of the elytra anteriorly confluent with the ninth, as in certain Ueuibidia. The elytra arc broadly rounded at the tip, and scarcely striate. Sub-Oronp 3. — Cr mindbs. The mcntura tooth is large and distinct, not obscured by a basal membrane; the head is not constricted behind; the labial jialpi are more or less dilated and truncate, and the maxillary cylindrical, truncate; the fourth joint of the tarsi is triangular or bilobed. These species are of larger size, and found untler stones and bark; some species of CuUida arc also found on flowers. Ungues serrate ; Tliorax Inliod at the baso, labial palpi thick. Apeses. Tliorax ximlulattHl at tlio base, laliial palpi thick.* Glycia. Thorax truncate at basn, labial palpi moderate ; Tarsi with the fourth joint emaririnato ; Labial palpi with the last joint dilated, body hairy. Ctmisdis. Labial palpi with the last joint elongate, body glabrous. riNACODEHA. Tarsi with fourth joint bilobed, bo ■ " J; 11'"* * This genus is called Anchomenus by most foreign authors. I have detailed in other places the reasons which induce mo to retain the name here adopted. CARABIOAE. 2T and Anchus 3ent by the ibly not bo xns distinct, s, mostly ia Calatuus. RnADINB. lairs, at least colpodes. Platynus. )listuopus. s the apex, ; are always irce dilated )li.|ue, as in ■ but slight a, and Lox- Although 'terostichus ing used in wo genera. all species )rac species According )arate from Myas. y oval) ; iioture ; pro- VAKTHUUS. )rs. I have in the uame Episterna of motathorax variahle; elytra with none or several dorsal punctures ;* Ligula flat or slightly convex ; presternum not channelled, sometimes margined. Ptekostichl's. Ligula carinate ; episterna of metathorax elongate ; prosternum not margined nor channelled. LoniooLoshius. Ligula carinate ; episterna of metathorax short ; prosteruum margined and channelled. HoLCioPHORrs. Mentum tooth obtuse, scarcely concave ; palpi slender, last joint cylin- drical ; episterna of metathorax elongate ; elytra with one dorsal puncture. Losasdkus. Mentum tooth emarginate, rarely entire ; head not at all narrowed behind ; labrum slightly emarginate ; last joint of palpi slightly oval ; elytra without dorsal punctures. Auaba. Tribe IX.— LICIIVIWI. The paraglossae in this tribe are variable in form, sometimes (Iiadister) entirely connate with the ligula, sometimes (Diplochila, Dica;lus) free at the apex. The head is large and obtuse; the labrum is emarginate, and deeply impressed; the mandibles are obtuse. Three basal joints of the antennae are smooth (the third is slightly hairy in some species of Badister,but not rough like the following joints). The anterior tibiaj are somewhat thickened and spinous at the tip; the anterior tarsi of the male have three (in some foreign genera only two) joints strongly dilated, covered beneath with a dense brush of hair. The elytra are slightly and obliquely sinuate at the apex; one dorsal puncture is seen on the third interval. The body is never hairy. In our genera the clypeus is divided into an anterior subcoria- ceous, and a posterior corneous portion, and the mentum is not toothed. Last joint of palpi oval ; Paraglossa; connate with the ligula, and longer than it. BAmsTER. Ligula free at the apex. DirLociiiLA. Last joint of palpi slightly securiform. Dica;lus. The species of the first genus are small, frequently prettily spot- ted insects, found under stoues ; they are rare, and occur on both * Except in Pterostlchus honestus (Fer. fastiilita Dej.), in which a single dorsal puncture is seen. This species is, "however, of the same form as /'. adonis, and would not be confounded with the very characteristic forms of any of the groups of Evarthrus. ri|.'»jh:i ..:,il iiiii'iiic, 28 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. sides of the continent. Diplochila {Remhtts Latr.) is represented only east of the Rocky Mountains, while Dicifilus is confined ex- clusively to Eastern North America. The species of the latter are usually large; some are of a beautiful violet color, and in all of them the eighth interval is carinated from the base for at least one-third the length. They are found under stones and pieces of wood, and are more numerous in the Southern States. Tribe X.— CHLJENIINI. The ligula is free at the apex, with distinct paraglossse; the labrum is flat, rarely deeply emarginate ; the mentum strongly toothed (except in Anomoglossus). The antennaB have three basal joints smooth and glabrous. The anterior tibiae are scarcely thickened externally, and but slightly spinous. The anterior tarsi of the male have three (rarely four) joints dilated, square with rounded angles, and covered beneath with a dense brush of hair. The elytra are regularly rounded behind, and not sinuate; the third interval has a single puncture. The systematic difference between this tribe and Pterostichini is wholly sexual, yet the genera may be easily recognized, since the Chlajnii are densely pubescent, and the Oodes have the ocellato punctures of the elytra very near the margin, and the eighth and ninth striae confluent, characters not found among the Pterostichini. Two groups are contained in this tribe. * Group I. — Chlaenii. Body densely pubescent, outer striae of the elytra normal. These are usually prettily colored metallic species, found under stones and pieces of wood in moist or shady places ; they evolve a strong odor, which recalls that of a mixture of camphor and creasote. Mentum not toothed ; labrum deeply emarginate. ANOuooLOSsn. Mentum tooth distinct, emarginate ; Last joint of palpi truncate. CHLXNini. Last joint of palpi oval, nearly pointed. Atranus. To Anomoglossus belongs, besides the two species Chi. emar- ginatus and Old. pusillus, upon which the genus was founded by Chaudoir, also Chi. amcenus Dej. Of these genera, Chlainius alone is represented in the western part of the continent. t ■ " ', \- M., ' : liiii iiliiud,.' M CARABIDAE. 29 jpresentcd nfined ex- latter are i in all of r at least 1 pieces of lossae; the n strongly liave three re scarcely terior tarsi [juare with sh of hair, nuate ; the 'ostichini is 1, since the he ocellato eighth and erostichini. 'mal. jund under hey evolve uphor and loaLOSSUi. ATRA5U8. Chi. emar- bunded by enius alone Group II. — Oodes. Body glabrous, usually elliptical ; eighth and ninth stria; of the elytra confluent, ocellate punctures very close to the margin. No species has yet occurred in the Pacific district, although one Oodes is found in the Gila valley. Our genera are thus related : — All the tarsi pubescent beneath (anterior tarsi % with four dilated joints). Lacqnocbefis. Posterior tarsi not pubescent beneath ; Body finely punctulate ; anterior tarsi % with four dilated joints. Akatricuis. Body above smooth ; anterior tarsi % with three dilated joints ; Antennae slender, filiform. Oodks. Antennae stout, compressed. Evolknks. The species of Oodes have been divided into two genera by Chaudoir, as follows :— Anterior tarsi % with the first joint entirely spongy beneath. Oodes. Anterior tarsi % with the first joint spongy only at the tip. Stesous. But these differences seem to me to indicate only natural groups of species. Tribe XL— BROSCIIVI. Ligula connate with the paraglossse, which are Bometiraes elon- gated. Antennaj with four glabrous basal joints. Elytra entire; abdomen connected with the thorax by a cylindrical peduncle (as in Scaritini); anterior tibioe slightly enlarged and spinous at the tip. Anterior tarsi of the male are dilated in a variable number of joints, clothed beneath sometimes with a dense brush of hair, sometimes with squamiform papilla;; in some genera the middle tarsi arc also dilated in the same sex. Two groups may be indicated in this tribe, according as the posterior angles of the thorax are distinct or not. I Group I. — BroBci. 'Abdomen strongly pedunculated, posterior angles of thorax in- distinct. This group is represented only by two Russian American species of Miscodera, which are unknown to me. The genus has entirely ■'*^v m i • : ! -Il- 30 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. the form of Dyschirius among the Scaritini; three joints of the anterior tarsi and two of the middle tarsi are dilated in tlie male, and furnished beneath with squamiform papillae. The meutum has a distinct tooth. Group II. — Psydri. Abdomen moderately pedunculated; posterior angles of the tho- rax distinct; mentum not toothed. Two genera showing a tendency to revert to Morio are com- prised in this group. They differ, however, from that tribe by the not compressed anterior tibias and distinct paraglossae, as well as by the large epimera of the mesothorax. The statement of Schaum, that the epimera of the raetathorax are indistinct in thf Morion ini (in which tribe he places llaplochile), I do not And cc I'cct, either of the genera here placed or of Morio itself. llaplochile pygmcBa has a remarkable distribution, being found in the Atlantic district and also in Oregon. It is a small, brown, subcylindrical insect, which, when disturbed, emits a very powerful fetid odor, quite disproportioned to the size of the animal. I have found it under pieces of wood, in moist places, at Lake Superior. The anterior tarsi are scarcely dilated in the male. Eyes extending to the margin of the oral opening ; body convex. IlArl.OCHILB. Eyes small, rounded ; body depressed. Psydecs. Tribe XII.— sTE:yoiiiORpni]yi. The ligula is free at the apex, with distinct paraglossfc; the anteniiic have but two glabrous joints. The last joint of the palpi is cylindrical, subtruncate. The mentum is deeply emarginate, not toothed. The anterior tibiaj are thickened and slightly spinous at the tip ; the first joint of the anterior tarsi is broadly dilated in one sex, but has beneath neither squamiform papilla? nor hairs; in the other sex it is not dilated, but is as long as the two following. The elytra are deeply striate, without any dorsal punctures. The epimera of the mesothorax are very short. The species are few in number, and are South American, with the exception of the two which are found in our territories. Agao- soma californicum is found in salt-marshes in California, Stenomor- phus riijipes in Texas. They arc very slender, elongated insects. "%tj m CARABIDAE. 81 nta of the I the male, .entum has of the tho- » are com- ribe by the I well as by )f Schaum, Morionini i-ect, either icing found lall, brown, ry powerful nl. I have e Superior. ex. vi'i-ocniLE. PSYDBDS. ossaj; the the palpi ginate, not spinous at dilated ia ir hairs; in following. ures. The riean, with es. Agao- Stcnomor' d insects. Anterior tibire densely fimbriate internally, with long hairs. Aoaosoma. Anterior tibiae sparsely jjubesueut internally. STESOJioKruus. The relations of this tribe are usually considered as with Ptero- stichini ; but, in consequence of the third joiut of the antenna) being almost entirely covered with pubescence, I regard it as closely allied with the Ilarpalini, and cannot help suspecting that the dilated first joint of the anterior tarsi may be a female rather than a male cha- racter, such as is seen in Gynandropus, &c,, in the next tribe. In this case there would be no satisfactory reason for considering it as a distinct tribe, but it would be merged into the next. Tribe XIII.— HARPAOXI. The ligula in this tribe is free at the apex, with distinct para- glossa;. The antenna) have the first and second joints, and some- times one-half of the third, smooth and glabrous. The palpi have the last joint sometimes cylindrical, sometimes acuminate. The anterior tibiie are more or less thickened and spinous towards the apex, sometimes almost palmated; the anterior and middle tarsi have frequently four joints dilated in the male, and clothed beneath with hairs or papilla); in other genera the male tarsi are not at all dilated; the first joint of the same tarsi in the female is sometimes dilated. The epimera of the mesothorax are very short; the elytra are rounded and sinuate at the apex, sometimes without, but usually with a single dorsal puncture, rarely with three series of punctures. Three groups may be formed on sexual characters: — Anterior tarsi of the male not dilated. Dapti. Anterior and middle tarsi of the male dilated, with a brush of hairs be- neath. EURYTUICIII. Anterior and middle tarsi of the male dilated, with squamiform papilla beneath. IlAErALi. Group I.— Daptl. The head behind the eyes is larger than in the other two groups; the legs are thicker and better fitted for digging, and the third joint of the antenna) has a smaller portion covered with puljcscence. Although the genera may individually be readily recognized, I can give no other characters to separate the group. f!"T"Tn^JWr 83 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. h. ..: I.-' Anterior tibiae Bubpalmate (elytra with three series of dorsal punctures). NOTHOI'US. Anterior tibire expanded at the apex (elytra without dorsal punctures). Geopincs. Anterior tibifc normal in form ; Mentum strongly toothed ; ' Apical angles of the joints 1 — 3 of the anterior tarsi prolonged into spines ; hind angles of thorax rounded. Mklasotcs. Apical angles of the joints of tho anterior tarsi not prolonged ; liind angles of tliorax distinct. Cbatacaktuus. Mentum not toothed ; Hind tarsi with the joints 1 — 4 equal ; Labrum emargiuate. CBATooxATnus. Labrum not emarginate. Aoonoderits. Hind tarsi with tho joints 1—4 decreasing in length, labrum not emar- ginate. DiSCODEBDS. These genera do not occur on the Pacific slope, with the excep- tion of a single species of Agonoderus found in California. Mela- notus has been found in Arizona. Cratognathus (including Pio- soma Lee.) is represented by two species from Kansas and New Mexico. Of Nothopus but a single species from Kansas is known. Discoderus* is remarkable for its resemblance to species of Ilar- palus (group Selenophorus), and has three rows of punctures on the elvtra ; the middle tibioe of the male are serrate withiu. ii Group II.— Eurytrichl. The anterior tarsi are strongly, the middle tarsi usually strongly, sometimes only slightly, dilated, and covered beneath with a dense brush of hair. The head is somewhat narrowed behind the eyes. The first joint of the dilated tarsi of the male is more or less nar- rower than the second. Ligula dilated at tip ; mentum not, or only obsoletely, toothed. Asisodacttlus. Ligula not dilated at tip, truncate, or subtruncate ; Paraglossnc narrow, curved, not longer than the ligula ; Mentum not toothed. Xestoxotus. Mentum toothed. Si'OSGorcs. Paraglossa) broad, rounded, longer than the ligula; Mentum not toothed (body pubescent). Amphapia. Mentum toothed Cbody glabrous). Eckytbicuus. * Pangus americanus Motsch. (Bull. Mosc, 1859, ii. 137), from Cali- fornia, seeing to belong to Discoderus. The genus is not, however, known to me as occurring west of the Kooky Mountains. OARABIDAK. 88 uiictures). jTiiorns. ctures). EOPisrs. longed into XASOTCS. iged ; liind .CASTUUS. lONATnns. 3SODERr3. n not eiuar- ;SCODEBUS. the excep- lia. Mela- uding Pio- s and xsew 3 is known. ies of Ilar- inctures on bin. |ly strongly, ilh a dense d the eyes, or less nar- loDACTTHja. lESTOKOTCS. si'OSGorns. IAmphapia. luYTEicuns. I, from Cali- tever, known Of these genera only the first is represented on the Pacific const, and there, besides the normal form, is found a group of species (Dichirus Mann.), having the body clothed with long hairs, and the intervals between the striaj of the elytra marked with two rows of punctures; in them, too, the middle tarsi of the male are scarcely dilated. Oroup III. — Barpall. The anterior and middle tarsi usually strongly, sometimes only slightly dilated, clothed beneath with two rows of squaniiform pa- pillae. The head is usually slightly narrowed behind the eyes. I have found it necessary to reduce the number of genera indicated in my synoptical table of this group,* an undue prominence being there given to the form of the ligula and paraglossoe. Mentum not toothed ; anterior tarsi with the first Joint elongated and dilated in the female ; Elytra with three rows of punctures. Gynandkopcs. Elytra with a single dorsal puncture. GYHASDKoTAKsus.t Anterior tarsi of the female not dilated ; Mentum strongly toothed. Bbadtcelldb. Mentum tooth very small, or none ; Last joint of maxillary palpi slightly elongated ; Tliorax subquadrate. Harpalcs. Thorax rounded. Stesolophus. Last joint of maxillary palpi nearly twice as long as the preceding (thorax flat, subcordate, with prominent hind angles). Philodes. Harpalus includes Selenophorus Dej., which consists of the spe- cies having three rows of punctures on the elytra. Hairy and punctured ITarpali (forming the division Opho7ius) are not repre- sented in North America. There is no special difference between Harpalus and Stenolophus, except the smaller size and rounded thorax of the species of the latter; in most of the species of Stenolophus the fourth joint of the dilated tarsi of the male is deeply bilobed, and the palpi are acuminate; but among the species of Harpalus proper there is much variation in this respect, as well as in the length of the first joint of the hind tarsi. Philodes contains two species, Stenolophus ulterninis Lee. {Badister testaceus and Aepus testaceua Lee), having three rows of * Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, x. 384. t It is quite possible that this genus will be found to belong to the pre- ceding group. • 3 mijWW N.j- hif! 84 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. punctures on tbe elytra, and the Callfornian S. iener Lcc, without rows of punctures. The form is more elongated than that of any true Harpalus or Stenolophus, and the last joint of the maxillary palpi, besides being longer, is more conical, almost forming with the preceding a fusiform mass, as in Trechus. They are found iu wet places, and are quite rare. '"^'JlSti fil- ■ ' HH j{fj|tl|({l*lii|;i Tribe XIV.— POGOH'INI. The lignla is free at the apex, with distinct paraglossfc; the palpi are slender, and the last joint is nearly cylindrical; the men- tum tooth is distinct, eraarginate at tip. The anterior tibiic are slightly thickened, with a few apical spines; the two basal joints of the anterior tarsi are dilated in the male, with two rows of papillee beneath. The antennae have but two basal joints glabrous, the third is elongated and pubescent. The head has deep frontal im- pressions, and is slightly constricted behind. The epimera of the mesothorax are short, and but very slightly widened externally. This tribe is represented in our fauna by the genus Patrobus alone;* one species, P. hiigicornis Say, is found commonly under stones in the Atlantic region, the others are northern, and species are found on both sides of the continent. The position of these insects is disputed by different authors. Schaum, the latest authority, ranges them with Pterostichini ; but the difference in the number of dilated tarsal joints in the male seems to warrant their separation, and indeed almost their union with the next tribe, with which they were associated by Erichson. Tbe pubescence of the antennae nearly covers the third joint, a character found exceptionally (according to Schaum) in the tribe Pterostichini, but which is not seen in any of the species in our fauna. The species of Patrobus having convex thorax have the eighth stria of the elytra confluent with the margin anteriorly ; in those with flat thorax the stria is separate from the margin for its whole length. Tribe XV.— TRECHI^TI. In this tribe the ligula has eight bristles, and is free at the apex, with distinct and long paraglossaj; the palpi have the last * Pogonus mtnutus Dej. is not found in the United States, as stated by liim. f i Jii^ ti. ^nm ■'M. CAR ABIT) AE. 86 , without nt of any maxillary ningr with ; found iu osstc; the , the nien- r tibiie are il joints of of papilliB ibrous, the frontal im- icra of the ternally. s Tatrobus lonly under and species it authors, ichini; but n the male their union J Erichson. ird joint, a in the tribe cies in our ; the eighth y ; in those )r its whole "ree at the ive the last tated hj liim. ANOpnTiiALMra. Tkecucs. joint acuminate, not shorter than the penultimate joint. The men- tura is toothed; the third joint, and even the second joint, of the antenniB is pubescent. The head has the frontal impressions lono; and deep, curved behind the eyes, forming a slipht posterior con- striction. The anterior tibiae are cither linear (Anophthalmus) or slightly dilated, not spinous at the tip. The anterior tarsi of the male have two somewhat obliquely dilated joints, furnished beneath with squamiforra papilliB. The epiiuera of the raesotliorax are short, and somewhat triangular. The elytra arc rounded at the apex, with the eighth stria anteriorly confluent with the margin, and most frequently interrupted at the middle. Two genera are represented in our fauna; both have the flrst stria of the elytra recurved at the apex. Eyes wanting ; anterior tilii.'e linear. Eyes large ; anterior tibiae slightly thickened. Anoplithalmvs TeUkompfi is found in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky; other species will be found in our other caves, when scientific zeal shall cause them to be proj)erly explored. Trcchus is found on both sides of the continent, but only in northern regions. The European T. ruhens has recently been found by Mr. ir. Ulkc in Nova Scotia. Trechns includes Epuphins. I formerly placed Tacliys in this tribe; by the definitions here given it belongs more properly to the next; but with the European genus Perileptus Schuum there is a very close osculation between the two tribes. Tribe XVI.— BE^IBIDIIIVI. The ligula hns but two bristles at the apex, which is free for a very short distance; the paraglossoe are distinct, scarcely longer than the ligula; the penultimate joint of the palpi is obconical, and the last joint much narrower and shorter, so as to be subulate. The mentum is strongly toothed, and the tooth is usually emar- ginate. The two basal joints of the antenna) are glabrous, the third is pubescent. The form of the head and frontal impressions are variable. The anterior tibia? are slightly spinous at tip, either squarely truncate as usual, or slightly dilated and obliquely trun- cate, with the outer angle a little prominent. The anterior tarsi of the male are usually somewhat obliquely dilated in the first and second joints, the first being much larger than the second, but in ii'lin'^?^ 1 -i'tS:!!" • . 'l ' 5*'*. Mi^ '■ I 'liM u COLEOPTEBA OF NORTH AMERICA. Anillus, Pcricompsus, and certain Tachys tbe tarsi of the male are uot at all dilated. The c|)imera of tbe me8otboraz are more or less triangular. The elytra are entire, and rounded at tip, with the eighth stria usually confluent anteriorly, or nearly so, with the margin sometimes widely interrupted, but usually entire. Like the other genera of Carabida9 containing very numerous species, Berabidium consists of groups of species differing greatly in form, and even in the structure of tbe parts of tbe mouth; but tbe characters being evanescent, cannot be used for tbe definition of genera. Our genera are as follows: — Eyes wanting. Anillds. Eyes small, Hat. LYMNiKUU. Eyes large or moderate, convex ; Anterior tibiffl not dilated at tlie apex ; elytra with scutellar stria ; sntural stria not recurved at the apex. Bembidium. Anterior tibiic slightly dilated and obliquely truncate at the apex ; elytra without scutellar stria ; sutural striaa recurved at the apex ; Elytra with the eighth stria interrupted or less deep at the middle. Tacuts. Elytra with eighth stria very deep. Pekicompsds. Of Anillus and Lymnteum but single Californian species have yet been found ; tbe other genera are widely diffused. Blemiis cEtiescens Lee. must be placed in Tachys, the smaller propor- tional size of tbe third joint of the autcnme uot being sufficient for generic separation. Fam. III.— AMTHIZOIDAE. Mentum deeply emarginate, with a medial tooth ; lobes obtusely rounded; ligula large, quadrate, corneous; gular fiuture none. Maxillae with the outer lobe narrow, glabrous, palpiform, but not biarticulate; the inner lobe curved, acute at the apex, sparsely ciliate, with spines internally. Antennae inserted under the front, behind the base of the mandibles ; entirely glabrous, polished. Prothorax with the epimera and episterna moderately distinct; prosternum produced behind over the mesosternum. Metasteruum truncate behind, not reaching the abdomen. .:^ '•1^ AMPHI7,0TT»AB. 87 5 male are e inoro or t tip, with r BO, with tire. numerous ng greatly outh; but defiuitioD Anillds. Lymnauh. iria; antural lEMniDIUM. apex; elytra )x; middle. Tacuys. JBICOMl'SOS. ipecies have [d. Blemus er propor- ig sufficient oth; lobes uus; gular palpiform, it the apex, )ase of the loderately fcsosteraum. abdomen. Abdomen with six ventral segments, the anterior three connate. Legs slender, formed for running; anterior and middlo coxa) small ; globular cavities of the former not closed ; posterior dilated internally, contiguous at the inner margin, extending also to the margin of the body, separating the side pieces of the metasternum from the first ventral segment. Notwithstanding the searching analysis of the charnctors of Am- phizoa insolens, made by Dr Schnum in his Insecten Deutsehlands, I must differ with my eminent friend regarding the interpretation of the characters, and still regard it as representing a distinct family, and not as a very aberrant Carabide. It is true that the characters it shows, with the exception of the metasternum truncate behind, individually are found in various anomalous Carabidte, but the concentration of all of them in one object, with the addition of yet another, entirely unknown otherwise in the series of land car- nivorous beetles, surely constitutes sufficient reason for regarding this single species as the representative of a distinct type, equal iu value to the families which precede or those which follow. In addition to the characters given above, I would mention: the head is broad, obtuse; the eyes very small; the labrum very transverse, sinuate in front; the palpi short, cylindrical; the side suture of the under surface of the prothorax is distinct, the others are nearly obliterated ; the prosternum is broadly produced behind the coxae, and obtusely rounded at tip; the coxaj are not entirely enclosed, but are protected behind by the mesosternum. The latter is deeply concave behind, perpendicular in front, and is almost covered by the prosternum when the thorax is deflexed. The side pieces are diagonally divided, and the epimera reach the coxa;, which are small and round. The metasternum is prolonged and obtusely rounded between the middle coxte, transversely truncate behind; the side pieces are triangular, without visible epimera; the posterior coxae are large, flat, rounded behind, extending to the margin of the body, internally contiguous for a space nearly equal to the length of the metasternum, with a quadrate internal dilatation for the insertion of the legs, as in Carabidie. The legs are slender, rough with granulated points; the anterior tibiae are not in the least degree sulcate internally, and have two small terminal spurs; the tarsi are glabrous, the joints rounded beneath ; the claws simple. The elytra are twice as broad as the lilt' ' h ' 1 «l: I Hill 88 COLEOITERA OF NORTH AMKRICA. thorax, connate, rountlod, not convex, with nine dorsal furrows, and no nmrRinal one; tho apex is slij^litly sinuute. Tlio surfuco is rough, without lustre, and moderately coarsely punctured. This very singnlar insect is found in northern rniifornia, pro- bably near tho Sierra Nevada; of its habits uolhiiig is liuowu. Fam. IV.— dytiscidae. Mentum deeply emarginate, broadly toothed in tho middle; lobe's somewhat acute; sides rounded, converging in front; gular suture distinct; ligula large, quadrate, corneous. Maxilla3 with the outer lobe biarticulate, the inner curved, acute at the apex, ciliate internally. Eyes rounded, never emarginate. Antennoj inserted under the front, behind the base of tho mandibles, glabrous, polished, usually filiform, 11-jointed (rarely lOjointed). Prothorax with the epimera and episterna distinct ; pro- sternum compressed, produced behind and fittirjg into a cleft or emargination of the metasternum; anterior coxas protected behind by the mesosternum, subconical. Metasternum short, pointed behind, but very closely con- nate with the posterior coxa). Posterior coxa) very large, usually oblique, contiguous at the inner margin, reaching the side of the body, entirely cutting off the ventral segments from the metathorax; inter- nally with a small dilatation for the insertion of the legs, or a broad plate (Ilaliplini) extending over their whole surface, and also covering the greater part of the abdomen. Abdomen with six ventral segments, the three anterior ones connate, the sixth rounded at tip, usually permitting the seventh internal but corneous one to be slightly visible. Legs ciliate with long hairs, posterior usually compressed, elongated, formed for swimming; tarsi 5-jointed, the f rtl' joint of the anterior and middle tarsi sometimes obF In this family are contained aquatic carnivorous insect? mg, as will be seen by tho above characters, a close relationsmp to Carabidis, and in fact only diifering by the form of the posterior coxa), and the natatorial legs. Tho particular portion of the Cara- bldse which approaches most nearly these iusects is fouud in the !i: "^■n DYTI8CIPAE, 39 first siib-fnnaily. In common with tlint scries, tlio Dytiscidm have the side pieces of the mesostcmum diiigonnlly divided, wiili the epimern. reaching the coxiu; the side jtieces of the nictastermim are narrow, without visihio cpimera. The middle poriiou of tlie nicsosteriiura is entirely covered; on separating the prothornx, it is found to be deeply sulcate for the reception of the prolongation of the prosternum, which thus firmly unites the different parts of the body, so as to give the stability necessary for rapid motion through the water. The body is rounded, sometimes elongated, usually elliptical, rarely very convex. The species arc more numerous in the northern parts of the country; they are all winged, and the elytra are always marked with three discoidal, irregular rows of punctures ; rarely the elytra are sulcate (Copclatus, females of certain Dytiscus), frequently punctured, sometimes sculptured with transverse Hues (certain Colymbetcs). The genera represented in our country form two suh-fumiliea, so distinct that they might with much propriety be considered separate families. visible. I pressed, r rtl; Sub-Family I.— IIALIPLIDAE. Antenna) 10-jointed; abdomen covered with large plates of the posterior coxte, which are small and transverse; metasternum almost truncate behind, scarcely emargiuato in front; legs scarcely nata- torial. This series consists of a single group, containing but two genera, Ilaliplus and Cnemidotus, of small size; the body is very convex, somewhat acute before and behind, yellow shining, spotted with black or gray. The elytra are covered with rows of punctures; in Ilaliplus there are nine and a marginal series, in Cnemidotus there are eleven or twelve. The scutellum is not visible. The insects of this sub-family swim but feebly, and with little activity. Palpi subulate. Haliplcs. Palpi filiform. Cmeuidotus. Sub-Family II.— DYTISCIDAE (genuiui). Antennae 11-jointed; posterior coxae without plates, very large (e> pt in the European genus Pelobius); legs very natatorial (except in the same genus). IveiA^' lu i I 40 Ottl.Kol'TKUA OF NORTH AMKUIOA. Four (rihos uro roitroHcnU'tl in onr fauna, which may l>o thiiH (iiHtii)giii.sli«>(l : — Atitoi'ior flitit iiiiilillo \t\r*\ nitli tliu third Johtl liilobml, ilio r>>Mt
  • dink. IV. l>YTiHriNi. TrU... I..- ||l|»|IOI*Onil\'l. This jrntnp contains «)nly »niiill Hpccics, huvlnj; iiio nunnl fonn of (his family. Inil rarely very hvond, and HoincUinoH ticiirly ^lohoHO. \h\i two jjoiu'ra arc Onuid with \m^: Ily(h«)poruH, of varied form, havii\g no visiltlc scnldinm; Cdina, with ohnigato l»ocforo, pointctl behind, witli a dislincl Bculcllum. More thai\ eijrhty species of tlio former trenuH arc known to mo,* and spooicvM arc fouiul in every pari of the eouiilry. Tribo II.— ^OTF.IIi:VI. The lorn of the prosternum in Notenis and tho ihrco pcnora holow nuMilioncd is so renu\rkal>ly dilVe. alpi truncate. HvPKocA.N'nius. Colpins contains but a single species, found in Louisiana. * For a synoji^is of them, viite Proceediigs of tho Academy of Natural Sciences of i'hiladflphia, vii. 'ZVO. jM t)YTfH(tlt»All. 41 Tti Col- ; in the to labial the an- HOiitollum district. TriiM) m.-corYMiitrriivi. Tlui only cliariictor by wliirh tliJH tribo In dlBilnj^iilHlird from tlio next Ih llio furin of tlio (lliattitl nntorinr tarHJ of llio iiial»m. Tlio dilated joiiilH aro Ihtc olilonj^ and of «M|iial wifHli, covered bfiicalh with Ciit-rirtdMVH. 4 MaTI H. Col.VMIIKTKtI. r, (/'llfRI,ATl;H. B AmIK'iMKKA. AoAllI'H. 3 Fcntxlliiiii (llntiniit. Hcmtnlhiiii inviHililo. 2 bawl Joint of jKiliii truiKiato or roundud. IiiiHl Joint of |iiil|ii oiiiurgiaalu. 3 rroHtnriiiun imt KulcHtu. I'rostorniuii with a (hmp Kroov«. 4 ClawH of )iofit(irinr tarHi iin)u|iial, th» otitor ono flidd. ClfiWH of pof.torlor tntBl cjiinl, inovublo, f) Hlytni Btriato. Klytra Hniootli. C Thorax iiarrowod at tho l)aBWTIMCI.\'I. This tribe contains in the penera Cybister and Dytiscus all the large Rpccics, and in the other pjcncra Bpecies of moderate fiizc. Ai? before mentioned, it only differs from the last group in having the joints 1 — 4 of tho anterior tarsi of the male of unequal width, so as to form a round disk, furnished beneath with cu[)h of very unequal size. The scutellum is always visible. The body is oval not very convex, usually broader behind the middle, rarely ellip- tical; the elytra of females of certain Pytiscus and Aci]!ui pa connate, he sixth, ooves of *vith one dilated. Mentum large, quadrate ; gular suture distinct. Ligula broad, very short, usually concealed, with labial palpi very distant at base. Maxilhe with two lobes ciliated at the extremity. Eyes round in all of our genera (emarginate or even divided by the side of the head la some foreign gcuora). m •'1 rrr-rr- ^^ M. .■' "I ir: snij *. IS', 44 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Antennae inserted under the sides of the front, behind the base of the mandibles, moderately short, having from six to nine joints, the outer joints forming a sudden club, of which all the joints except the first one are pubescent. Prothorax with the episterna and epimera not distinct; pro- sternum very short; anterior coxae globose, conical, exserted. Mesosternum moderate, frequently longitudinally elevated; side pieces not divided, extending to the coxa), which are large, oblique, and flat, prominent only inside of the inser- tion of the thigh. Metasternum large, frequently carinate, and produced into a long spine behind; side pieces large, epimera not visible. Posterior coxae oblique, flat, extending to the sides of the abdomen. Abdomen usually with five ventral segments, in the foreign genus Limnebius with seven, and in Cyllidium with but apparently four ; segments not connate. Legs moderate ; tibiae terminated by two large spurs ; tarsi five-jointed, the middle and posterior ones sometimes com- pressed and fimbriate, for swimming. Trochanters not pro- minent on the inner part of the thigh. This group contains insects which live on decomposing vegetable matter, though the larvse are carnivorous and quite voracious ; the majority of them are aquatic. Except those of the tribe Helopho- ridae, they are of an oval, convex form, sometimes hemispherical ; the elytra are sometimes striate, sometimes without dorsal striae, but with a distinct sutural stria; sometimes the latter is also effaced. In the species with smooth elytra three faint series of punctures may be seen on each elytron, as in Dytiscidse. The scutellum is never wanting. The palpi in most of the genera are very long, but always slender, whence the name Palpicornes, given by Latreille to these insects. According to the proportions of the joints of the tarsi, four tribes are apparent, which may be separated as follows : — Middle and hind tarsi with the first joint short ; Prothorax narrowed behind, i t; -ower than the elytra. Helophorihi. Prothorax at base as wide as ti.c elytra; Tarsi compressed ; metasternam prolonged into a spine. Hydrophimni. Tarsi not compressed ; metasternam not prolonged. Hydkubiim. Middle and hind tarsi with the first joint elongated. Sfu^bidiini. ; ' HI HTDROPniHD^. 46 tarsi the Tribe I.— HELOPHORIi\I. In this tribe are small aquatic species, of an oblong or elongate form, usually of a pale gray color, more or less tinged with bronze or silver. They are found in small pools, and rise to the surface when the water is made turbid. MaxillsB with both lobes corneous ; antenna} 9-jointed, rarely 7-jointed. Tarsi not natatorial ; first joint subconuate with the second, frequently indistinct ; 2 — 4 moderate, subcqual, the second in Helophorus somewhat longer than the first. Thorax narrower at the base than the elytra ; in Helophorus and Ochthebius marked with five sinuous longitudinal stria); elytra with ten striue or rows of punctures, except in Ilydrajua, where the rows are more numerous. But one genus (Epimetopus, having the eyes emarginatc) of this tribe has not occurred in the United states ; the others are thus related : — Last joint of maxillary palpi longer than the preceding ; Antenna; 9-jointed ; all the palpi moderately long. Helophorus. AntennfB 7-jointed ; labial palpi short. Hydkocuus. Last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the preceding, subulate. Ochthebius. Maxillary palpi exceedingly long. Hydkvexa. The last genus has occurred as yet only in the Atlantic States ; the other three are found generally distributed over our territories. Tribe II.— HYDROPHILINI. Aquatic species, of an oval or elliptical convex form, olive black, rarely with the sides of the thorax and elytra yellow, the latter not striate. Maxill* with both lobes coriaceous ; antenna; 0-jointed ; mid- dle and posterior tarsi strongly compressed, fringed internally with long hairs ; first joint short, second elongated ; meso- and metasternum forming a continuous keel, which posteriorly is pro- longed into an acute spine ; last joint of the anterior tarsi of tlie male in many species distorted, with very unequal claws ; in the same sex the club of the antenna) is sometimes irregular. m^i\ m w WW 1 I 11* . 1 jSik' '''*'■''''■' m- ,ftV 4C COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Our two genera may be separated as follows :— Prosternum small, sulcate ; metasternal spine long. Hydkopihi.us. Prosteruum ncutely carinate ; metasternal spine sliort. Uydrocuaris. Both genera are represented on each side of the continent : the latter genus is called Hydrous by many European authors, which name is more properly a synonym of Hydrophilus : the species of Hydrophilus differ in the proportion of the last joint of the maxillary palpi : in the large species the last joint is shorter than the penultimate; in the small ones (Tropistermis Sol.) the joints are equal, or the last is a little longer than the penultimate.* The females of this tribe construct a silky cocoon, attached to plants, under the surface of the water. Tribe III.-H¥DROBII]VI. Aquatic species, of an oval or hemispherical form ; the elytra have sometimes ten strife (Berosus), or a large number of rows of punctures (Laccobius), but usually only a sutural stria. A foreign genus (Amphiaps) is remarkable for having four eyes, like Gyrinus. Many of the species of this tribe have the same general ap- pearance as those of the preceding tribe, but are readily distin- guished by the metasternum not being prolonged behind into a sharp spine. They are all of small size. Maxillae with both lobes membranous or coriaceous ; antenna; sometimes 7- or 8-jointed, usually 9-jointed; middle and posterior tarsi scarcely compressed, sometimes slightly ciliate, with hairs ; first joint short, oblique ; second elongated ; meso- and metaster- num not forming a continuous carina, the latter not prolonged into a spine. The following genera, all having five ventral segments, are found in our country : — Posterior tibisB and tarsi ciliate ; antennse 7-joiiited (scutellum elongated). Bekosus. Posterior tarsi sligLtly ciliate ; antennae 8-joiuted ; posterior trochanters large. Laccobius. Tibiic and tarsi not ciliate ; trochanters moderate ; antennae 9-jointed ; * Vide Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. vii. p. 3(58, where may be also found a synopsis of the species of this family inhabiting the United States. .,>. .' "'i ^ HYDIlOPHILIDiB, 4T Antennne with first joint very long. Cylmdii-m. Aiiteiin.T with first joint moderate; Maxillary palpi with last three joints equal. BpERniopsis. Maxillary palpi with last joint longest. PiiiLiiynurs. Maxillary palpi with the 3d joint longer than the 4th. IIvdhouics. The type of Sperehopsis is Spcrcheus tesselatus Zicgler, a very rare insect of the Atlantic district. In ILjdrobius auhcupreus the third and fourth joints of the antennie arc closely united, so that I formerly described them as 8-jointed. Cyllidiuni contains small hemispherical species, re- markable for having the first and second ventral segments covered by large plates, ciliate with hairs proceeding from the base of the abdomen, which thus appears to have but four ventral segments ; the hind tarsi are short, by which they arc distinguished at first sight from Laocobius. Tribe IV.— SPHiERIDIINI. Small terrestrial species, of an oval, convex, or hemispherical form, living in the excrements of herbivorous mammals ; the color is usually black, with the elytra frequently spotted or margined with yellow ; the elytra have ten rows of punctures or striic, but in Cyclonotum are entirely without striie. Our species of Cercyon are not yet properly investigated ; several of them have been imported from Europe. Maxilla) with lobes coriaceous, or submcmbranous ; antenna) 9-jointed in our genera ; second joint of maxillary palpi thick- ened ; legs not natatorial ; first joint of middle and posterior tarsi elongated. Except Spha)ridium,* all Die known genera of this tril)e have been found in the United States. They are distinguished as follows : — Mososternum narrow ; Mesosternum produced in front. Mesosternum not produced ; prostemum carinate. Mesosternum very wide ; Prothorax margined. Prothorax not margined. CvCLONOTrM. Cercyon. MEGASTERXrW. CKYPTOrLEl'Kl'M. * I have a specimen of the Europoan Spharidlum scaralxrviihs. fouml in Canada. The species is undonbtodly introduced, and accidental in occur- rence. It is described by Henuvois under the name S. crenntum. genus differs from Cercyon by the antennte having only eight joints. The m 48 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. '.iSs4' U^k< Fam. VII.—S I L P II I D a E . t Mentum quadrate, sometimes slightly emarginate, fre- quently with a transverse piece between it and the ligula, which is prominent, emarginate, or bilobed; gular suture distinct. Maxilla) with two lobes, inner one sometimes with a terminal hook. Eyes finely granulated, sometimes absent. Antennae inserted under the margin of the front, behind the base of the mandibles; lljointed, rarely 9 or 10-jointed: gradually or suddenly clubbed at the apex, sometimes nearly filiform. Prothorax with the epimera and episterna not distinct. Mesosternum very short, side pieces attaining the coxas. Metasternum large, nearly truncate behind ; episterna long ; epimera large, distinct. Anterior coxae large, conical, contiguous; middle coxaj oblique, not prominent, except in Brathinus; posterior con- tiguous (except in the foreign genus Leptoderus), not extend- ing to the margin of the body, prominent internally, rarely (Clambini) laminate. Abdomen with six free ventral segments, except in Sphse- rites, which has but five. Legs sometimes thick, subfossorial (Necrophorus), some- times very slender (Pteroloma); tibiae with large terminal spurs, the anterior ones of the male usually dilated ; tarsi usually 5-jointed ; posterior trochanters prominent, or not. The anomalous form of the middle coxoe in Brathinus Lee re- quires the division into two sub-families: — Middle coxsb oblique, not prominent. Silphid^. Middle coxae conical, prominent. BRATUiNiDiG. ;!«!, Sub-Family I.— SILPHIDAE (genuini). This sub-family contains species which live on decomposing animal matter or on fungi ; some species of Catops are found only in ants' nests, while the wonderful genus Leptoderus, not yet found in America, lives in caves; it differs remarkably from other genera of the family by the long cylindrical thorax, the globose, connate siLPinn.vE. 4I> elytra, and the widely separated posterior coxoc. Like nearly all cave insects, it is destitute of eyes. Doubtless, species of this genus remain to reward the scientific exi)lorers of our large west- ern caves. According to the form of the body, and the position of the posterior trochanters, the following tribes are delined : — Posterior coxib simple ; Po:! ; '4 Sub-Tribe 1.— Silphini (genuini). Nothing general can be stated in regard to the genera of this sub-tribe ; which may be divided, according to the position of the head, into two groups. M ■ ■ 4 • j i'-i I].,.; ■ *!■: :' ■■' 'ii'^ -•; jjl ....;■ m " ' ll.-V 14 i;jv . ; ■ •fll h'- ■ . •■ !;■!■■• ".:. • I'll »' , . ■ ■ ■ 60 CnLEurXEKA OP NORTH AMEHICA. He.iil soparati'd t'roiu the thorax, movable. 8ii,rn«. Ui^ad immei'beJ iu the thorax. Catoi'KS. Group I.— Sllphae. Insects of large or moderate size, Hying on carrion, compose this group. Pteroloma (which includes Lyrosoma Mann.) and Necrophilus occur only in the Pacific district; the other two genera are found on both sides of the continent. Our genera are : — AntennsB with ten apparent joints, club globose, 4-jointed. Nkcrophorcs. Antenna) with eleven distinct joints ; Antennffi clubbed,* tibi.'e armed with spines ; Third joint of antennae not longer than the second, shorter than the first. Sii.i'HA. Third joint of antenna; as long as the first. Necroimiii.us. Antennae nearly filiform, tibise not spinous. Ptekoloma. Group II.— Catopes. Insects of small size and usually ovate form ; some live on car- rion, others in fungi, others in ants' nests. The 8th joint of the antennoe is smaller than the Tth, except iu Colon. Our genera are as follows : — Eyes wanting (anterior tarsi of J 4-jointed.) Adelops. Eyes distinct ; Antennre serrate. CxTOPTnicnus. AntenniP clubbed ; Eighth joint of antennie small. Catops. Eighth joint of antennce larger than the seventh. Colon. Gatoptrichufi Frankenhaueseri, the type and only species known, is found in Sitkha. Adelops hirtus, the only species yet found in the United States, occurs in the Mammoth Cave, Ken- tucky ; the other western caves will yet furnish other species. Sub-Tribe 2.-Sphaeritini. This sub-tribe contains but a single genus, Sphffirites, of which but one species in Europe and another (S. glahratus Mann.) in Russian America are known. The form is oblong oval, convex ; * In NecropJtilus tenuicornis. however, the antennae are as slender as in Pteroloma. m SILnilPAE. 51 hTllK, TOPES. ;ompose u.) and lier two the elytra are strongly truncate, and striate ; the nntennic are slightly genifulatod, with the first joint much I'longutfil ; the club is rounded, composed of three joints. The ujipeurunce is very siuiilur to IJister. This genus has been placed by llcdtenbacher in Nitidulidie, but the form of the anterior coxie is altogether dilfcreiit, and entirely similar to thut seen in the present laniily, in wiiicii it is retained l>y other systematists. IJut the iliU'erem i' in the ubdo- meu seems to me to indicate a separate sub-tribe. PHORUB. r than tVie SlI.l'HA. 0P1IILU8. ;rolo9ia> ,'c on car- int of the Adelops. ?'rRicnn8. Catops. Colon. species lecies yet ave, Ken- jecies. of which Mann.) in convex ; ender as in Tribe II.— A]VIS0T01*li:VI. Body oval, convex, sometimes hemispherical, sometimes capable of being contracted into a ball. Mandibles with a basal molar tooth. Antenna? 11-jointed, clubbed, the eighth joint frecpiently smaller than the contiguous ones. Epimera and cpistenia of metathorax covered liy the elytra. Posterior coxic contiguous; their trochanters not prominent inwardly. Tarsi variable. This tribe consists of small species, which live either in decom- posing fungi, or under the bark of dead trees. A. Tarsi with the same number of joints in both sexes ; body not at all contractile ; All the tarsi .'i-jointed ; eiglith joint of antennre small. lIvDNomua.* Anterior and middle tarni .l-jointed, posterior 4-jointed ; Mesosterniim earinate ; eighth joint of antenn;e small. Anisotoma. Mesosternum Hat ; eighth joint of anteun;e hardly distinct, CVUTI'SA. Anterior tarsi .■)-joiuted, middle and posterior 4-joiuted ; cliil) of an- tennas 3-jointed. Coi.km.s. B. Tarsi dissimilar in the two sexes ; body more or less contractile ; Club of antenn.-e ."t-jointed, eighth joint small. Liodes. Club of autenuiE 3-joiuted. Agatuidh'm. Tribe III.-C"LAI»IBi:V'I. Body oval, capable of being more or less contracted into a ball. Anteumc 9- or 10-jointed, clubbed. Episterna of metathorax not * I introduce this genns on the authority of Eriohson, wl»o referred (Wiegni. Arohiv, 1847, ii. 100) to it f.iotkn {iltcrmita Mels., wliioh, liowever, I tind to have only 4-j()iuted posterior tarsi, and have accordingly placed it in Anisotoma. Nevertheless, it is (juitf possible that Erichson may have had before him a genuine species of Ilyduobius, unknown to me. ■'!-■■'■ ■ ».m ■»^tt'] i' M i' t 14 t, Wr lif ,r;..;: '1! •; IT f *-^ 52 COLEOPTERA OF NOHTII AMERICA. covered 1)y the elytru. Posterior coxtc eoiitif^uous, dilated into lumiiiiL' coverlii)^ tlie imsterior tiiifj;lis; trochanters not pruiiiiiieiit This tril)e cuiisistH uf very inimite species, liviii|^ in deconiposiiif^ vegetable iiiatt(;r. On account of tiie extreme minuteness of tiie insects, the generic descriptions have been very imperfect, and indeed iuaecurato ; It is only in the works uf Kedtenbacher, La- cordaire, and Duval that the full chanicters have been detailed. This fact will account for the coid'usion regarding the genus Ster- nuchus, established by me in Agassiz's work on Lake Superior, which I afterwards united with C Iambus. Club of auteniiu) 3-jointod ; coxal plates narrow, dilated internally (body glabrous). K.MPHi.rs. Club of antenna) 2-jointod ; coxal plates very broad (body usually pubes- cent) ; Antennte 10-joiiitod ; abdomen with (! ventral segments. CALYi'TOMEnua. Auteuute 'J-joiuted ; abdomen apparently with f) ventral segrnentH. Clambcs. The type of Empelus is Litorhrns hrunnipennis Mann, from Sitkha. Having the anterior coxas contiguous, transverse, coni- cal, and prominent, it cannot be placed in the family Phahieridie, to which Litochrus belongs, but seems to me to be a very obvious connecting link between Agathidium and Clambus. To Calyp- tomerus belongs Clambus oblongulus Maun., also from Russian America. Sub-Paraily II.— P>RATniNIDAE. But one genus, Brathinus, is known of this sub-family, which is remarkably distinguished from the genuine Silphida) by the pro- minent conical middle coxae. The two species known to me are found about grass-roots in wet places, from Lake Superior to Nova Scotia, and are small shining insects, of graceful form, less than one-fifth of an inch long. The head is oval, strongly constricted behind, with the front concave ; eyes moderately prominent, oval, somewhat coarsely granulated ; the gula behind the mentum is deeply channelled ; the maxillary palpi are long and sleiider, the third joint is one- half the length of the second, and the fourth is longer than the second ; the labial palpi are moderately short, with the last joint a little longer. The antennae are slender, almost filiform, with )u li''!"' " M. SCVTlMiTINIDAE. fi8 throe basnl joints shiniiifj. Mosusternutn squaro, side iiioccs not visible; meta.stornum short, sulo pieces covered l»y tlie elylni. Anterior and middle eoxiu iarffe, eonieal, prominent, e(mtiji,ii(ius; liind eo.vie eoiiieiil, transverse, pntiiiinent, contijjuous. Leu-s long and slender; lildal spurs i>l»S()l(!te; tarsi slntrt, r)-joinled; the joints 1 — 4 of the hind tursi closely united, dimiuishing iu length ; claws moderate, simple. The head is suddenly constrieled behind, forming a neck ; the thorax is ovate, convex, not much lurger than the head. Klytro. ovate, convex, dilated from tlie base for two-thirds of their length, then broadly rounded. Abdomen with six free ventral segments, the first almost covered by the jtrominent hind coxa!. I formerly placed this genus in Scydmujnidie, but the diilerent form of the posterior coxiu and palpi ))revenls it from retaining that position; while it a})pears, on the other hand, to constitute a very aberrant form of the present family, or possibly even a distinct family. Fam. VIII.— scydm.exidae. ^I'W Menturn transverse, trapezoidal ; ligula small, corneous, emarginate. Maxillio with two ciliate unarmed lobes; nalpi long, with the last joint very small. Antennas inserted upon the front, at the inner margin of the eyes (except in one foreign genus, Chevrolatia), gradually thickened or slightly clavate. Eyes composed of large lenses, Prothorax with the side pieces not distinct; prostcrnum not visible between the coxre. !Mesosternum elongate, triangular, more or less carinate, side pieces reaching the coxa). Metasternum large, side pieces narrow, epimera distinct. Elytra convex, covering the abdomen ; wings sometimes wanting. Abdomen with six free ventral segments. Anterior coxa) conical, prominent, contiguous; middle coxa) conical, slightly prominent, somewhat distant ; poste- rior coxa) small, conical, widely separated. Legs moderate, thighs usually clavate, tarsi 5-jointed, claws simple. .If. j!*E"|| 'J ■Si'' V 7r * ■^ ,< '■'.V'vlV'-*'" wlWi I:-.; ', r)4 C0LE(1PTERA OF NOUTH AMEUICA. Those are famuli, sliiiiiiif.'-, usually ovate, sometimes slender in- sects, uf a brown eolor, more or less clothed with oreet Imirs. They are t'uuiid variously, near water, under stones, in ants' nests, and under bark, and are rre(iuently seen Hying in tiie twilight. Tlio general form is that of Pselaphidie, from which they differ by tin: long elytra and the conical distant posterior coxa). Our genera arc : — Antttnn.T geniculate ; first joint as long as vlie two following. Micuostemma. Aii't'nn.v straight, ; First joint of lal)ial palpi very short ; Posterior trochanters long, situated in the axis of the thighs. KuMICKPS. Posterior trochanters small, on the internal face of the tliiglis. tScVDM;ii.NL'S. First join' of lahial palpi distinct ; I'rotii ami abdomen, I divide them into two sub-families, which are regarded as tribes jjy Lacordaire, groups by Duval, aud as families by the German authorities. Ante mae with leas than six joints. Anteniiffi 11-jointed, rAic.'y 10-jointed. Clavioerid/B. PeELAl'UU)..». 'M<^^ ; ■. .vf.,«- it; '': . yf t, X-;. ■,::•. X-'' -■V, Sub-Family I.— CLAVIGERIDAE. This sub-family is represented in our fauna, thus far. only by Ailranes csecus Lee., found in ants' nests in the upper part of (I'eorgia. The genus Adraiies is distinguished by the auteume having but two joints, and by the absence of eyes The genera of this sub-family have the head nan'ow, and the palpi rudimentary, of but one joint; the three anterior dorsnl segments are connate, and deeply excavated, forming a hu>'e cavity, at the sides of which, and at the external apii.'ul aujrle of the elytra, are tufts of hair. The anis which support these ::■': . J*5' 1.^ "■*:> I- ■ ■! • 66 CdLEOl'TERA OF NORTH AMERICA. insects, by cart'ssiiiff those tufts of liiiir with tlieir antennae cause the exudation of a ihiid, whicili thr ; greedily swallow. The lirst and second joints of the tarsi are very short; the third is loug, with a single claw. Sub-Family II.— PSELAriTIDAE (penuini). In tliese tlic abdominal segments arc all separate, and the antenna' have eleven distinct joints, except in certain species of Brya.xis, where l)iit ten joints e.xist; they are usually gradually clavate, but in Ceoi)hyllus are composed of e(pial globular joints. Two tribes are indicated, as follows: — Posterior eoxse transverse, not prominent, not contiguous. rsELAi-iiiNi Posterior coxte conical, prominent, contiguous. Edplectiki. Tribe I.-PSELAPIII.\I. Tlicso species are always narrowed in front, and liavc the cha- racteristic form of this family, while those of the next tr 'le are slender, linear, and frc(piently depressed, so ns to resemble Sta- pliylinida^, of the tribe Oxytelini. The form of the hind coxa^ at once distinguishes them from the next tribe. The second joint of the tarsi is always long. According to the laser tiou of the antenna;, I divide this tribe into *.wo groups : — Antennae inserted on two approximate tubercles. Autenuie distant, inserted at the side of the head. P.SELAPni. Bryaxeb. Group. I. — Pselaphl. In this group the antenna^ are approximate, and inserted under a large frontal elevation, which is channelled. The abdomen is strongly margined. Tarsi with ungues two, equal ; Antenn* moniliform ; Maxillary palpi with the last two joints very transverse and lamelli- form. Ci;TII1»AE. 57 Last joint trnii-'Vorso, Himilar to the pounltiinate, Ctknistes. Maxillary paljii with the la^ joint oval, with a, Huiull termiiial seta. TlfRUH. Antennno with the last joint largo, rounded ; Maxillary palpi with tho third joint very small ; tlio foAirth long, cylin- drical. Ckucocekus. Tarsi with a single unguis ; maxillary i)al])i excessively long ; Maxillary palpi with the last joint club-shaped. I'sKLAPni'S. Maxillary palpi with tho last joint hatchet-shaped. Tyciius. The anterior troeliiiiiters and tliif^lis are armed with aeute spines in Ceujihyihis and Cedins. Ilamutus was I'oiuidcd by Aul)e on u species (//. humeraliii) wliieh I cannot consider as jtroperly se))a- rated from Tyrus, and, misled by his description, 1 siilis(Miiiciitly described it as T. cumpar. Tlie genera are all representeil in the Atlantic Stiiles; thus far only Cteaistes and Tychus have been fuui'd iu Calii'oniia. -& ¥ Group II.— Bryaxea. The uiitcnnte are distant at base, and inserted at tho sides of the head. The palj)! have not the extraordinary diivclnprnent seen in the previous group, but the last joint is oval or fusiform. Abdomen margined ; tarsi with a singlo unguis ; Antennic with tlie last three joints larger (body pubescent). BnvAxiS. Antenuje short, with the last joint very large (body glabrous). EcrsEsirs. Abdomen not margined ; ungiies two, unequal. Batrisus. "With Batrisus I liave combined Arfhmius Lee., described as liaving but a single unguis; ren(!wed examination, with a power- ful microscope, has shown me that there is a second very small unguis present. The antenntc are frequently vi^ry dillerent in form in the sexes of the same species of Bryaxis and Batrisus; these two genera are also represented in the Pacilic district. I"r: ■i'l' ' 'i'. iius. Tribe II.-Erpi,ECTI!VI. The insects of this tribe have a more depressed and linear form than is seen in the preceding tribe, and approach thus to the next family. The anteiuiic are always distant, and the abdomen strongly margined. The postcrinr coxie are conical, prominent, and contiguous. The abdomen has six distinct ventral segments. Auteuuie geniculate ; tarsi with a single unguis. Ruexius. ■■'■ •■ ■ •■''1R" •!/''% m ?■ 1 .I* '»„ 58 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Anteunre straight ; Tarsi with a single unguis ; Becond ventral segment elongatei'. ; last joint of antennae very large. TUIMIUM. Second ventral segment not longer than the third. Eui>lecti'8. Tarsi with two equal ungues. Faro>'L'8. The last f^ciius is represented by F. Tolulse in tlie southern Atlantic Stales, by F. habeUse in California, and by F. ixirvircps {Euplcdus parvicojyx Miiklin) in Russian America. Triniium has been found in Russian America. The other genera are not represented near the I'aeilic coast. i.M'i' Kf-'- Fam. X.— staphylinidae. Mentum quadrate, usually trapezoidal, the anterior part separate; ligula rarely corneous, usually membranous or co- riaceous; paraglossa; usually distinct; palpi usually 3-jointed, rarely (in certain Aleocbarini) with four, two, or even one joint. Maxilla3 with two lobes, usually ciliate; palpi 4-jointed, except in Aleochara, where there are five joints. Antenna) variable in insertion and form, 11-jointed, rarely 10-jointed, Eyes usually finely granulated. Prothorax with tlie side pieces not separate, pros.ernuna. variable in form, coxal cavities usually open behind. Mesosternum short, side pieces large, epimera distinct. Metasternum moderately large, side pieces narrow, epimera distinct. Elytra truncate, leaving a great part of the abdomen ex- posed, except in certain Omalini; wings, when present, folded under the elytra. Abdomen with seven or eight visible segments, freely movable, and entirely corneous both above and beneath. Legs variable in length and form ; anterior coxa3 usually large, conical, prominent, and contiguous, rarely (Piesiidai) rounded, not prominent, or (Micropeplidoe) transverse, not prominent; middle coxae conical, oblique, not prominent, sometimes contiguous, sometimes distant; hind cox;b variable in form, contiguous, except in Micropeplida), where they are small, rounded, and distant. Tarsi usually 5-jointeu, rarely -i-jointed, and in Micrope- plida) and certain Oxytelini o-jointed; in many genera of STAPUYLIN'IDAE. 50 Aleocharini the anterior tarsi are 4 jointed, while the rniddlc aad hiud tarsi have five joints. Tliis family eiu))raccs a vory laru-o iimiil)er of species, iimstly of small size, and in many parts of the body slujws a very g'reat range of variation. Genera with short elytra oeear in several families of Coleoptera, hnt in no other are they associated with an entirely corneous abdomen having seven or eiglit visiljle seg- ments. I have separated the family into the same divisions as those adopted l)y Kraatz in the second volume of the Inseeten Deutsch- lands, but I am not in accord with him in considering them ail iis of equal value in classiftcation. The form of the anterior coxiu seems to me of greater significance than the other characters used in separating tlie dilferent groups which have been previously called tribes, ami I have made the primary division on the form of those organs into sub-families. The prothoracic I)reatliing-porcs (stigmata) arc visible in cer- tain tribes ('Aleocharini, Tachyporini, Stapliylinini), but invisible in the rest of the family. This character is sometimes dillicult to perceive ; but I have not been able to follow the example of Duvul, in excluding it from a primary place in tlie synoptic table of tribes. I would divide the family into three sub-families: — Anterior coxre prominent ; anterior coxal cavities open beliiml. SlAPnYLIXID.E. Anterior coxre not prominent ; anterior coxal cavities entire ; Anterior coxic globose, posterior contitrnous. Piestid.b. Anterior coxoe transverse, posterior distant. Mickopeplid.*. Sub-Family I.— STAPHYLINIDAE (genuini). This sul)-family contains the great bulk of the species, and is much less homogeneous than the other two; tlie tribes composing it are as folh" ws : — A. Prothoracic stigmata visible ; insertion of tlie aiitennnR — Upon the front, at the internal margin of tlie eyes. I. Aleocharini. Under the sides of the front, behind the mandibles. II. Tacuyporim. At the anterior margin of the front, inside of the mandibles. III. Htapiiymm.vi. B. Prothoracic stigmata not visible, covered by the sides of the pronotum ; Posterior ooxa> conical, anterior coxre large. IV. PfliiiKniNi. Posterior coxiB conical, anterior coxK) small. V. Stemni, ■?'<«■••*■•■:?. 'lit- <■': '■'■ '>i •■'.^ ^,>-- ■^'!i 't.;' ■■■> .' V- M':-' Iff '!■(/'■ W ' I ■»: ■'ii ■ 60 COLKdl'TKllA OF NOllTU AMKlllCA. Posterior coxa> trjiiisver.se ; Autorior I'ox.i' larj,'!', aiiteniiip geiiiculato. VI. Oxytelini. Anterior coxa^ lar^'e, itnteiiiiie straiglit, oeelli two. VII. Omalini. Aiiteiior t'()xa> ti'aiisverse, not very proiiiiiieiit. V'lll. 1'uutkimni. Auterior cosiu largo, autuuux' btraiylit, ouclli uoiio. IX. rULOJCUARINI. .\ Tribe I.— ALEOCIIAIIIM. The protluiracic stigmatii in this tri1i(! xnw not covered ))y the iullexed portion of the ])ronotum; but, witliout reference to this cliaructer, the insertion of the antennte upon the front will distin- guish the genera from those of all other tribes except the lir.st group of Steiur', and these will be readily known by the small anterior coxie. Groups are indicated by the following characters: — Internal lolio of the maxilla; membranous internally, and ciliate ; Eyes not jironiiiient ; third joint of maxillary palpi moderately (>longated. Alhociiak.i:. Eyes prominent ; thir .,,iint of maxillary palpi thickened. Gykoimi.kn.k. Internal lolie of tlie maxilla) elongated, entirely corneous, hooked at the tip, and serrate internally. Gviim's.e. Group I. — Aleocharae. In this group the interior lobe of the niaxillix; has the internal margin membranous and ciliate; the nnixillary palj)! are moderate ill length, with the second and third joints moderately elongated, the fourth small, subulate, distinct, and in Aleochara with an additional very small fifth joint. The eyes are never very convex. The genera of this group arc very numerous, and frequently catinot be distinguished without the most close examination, or even dissection; it is consequently imjjossible, within the limits of a work like the present, to give such characters as will enable the student to recognize them with certainty. Those who are sufficiently advanced to study this group must, therefore, refer to the works of Erichson, Duval, and Kraatz for full information. Several of the genera recently established by Kraatz will probably be found represented in our fauna ; but I have confined myself in the table to those actually known to me as occurring. A. Anterio. tarsi 4-jointed ; middle and liind tarsi .'')-jointed ; Head i.iiistricted behind into a iianow neck; lir,-;' »,■'■■: J' ^,■: A. . :i.'.''v:K;;d<' Group II.— Gyrophaenae. The species of this group are suuill, of an oval form, much * Here helongs the genus Mynnecnchara Krnntz (Linn. Eiit., xi. 40), but from the description 1 am unable to discover any distinctive character be- tween it and Oxypoda. ■4B. «>-r ..I il':''-f' f .. , ^1' V,- i . «t' .■tir 'I..' ■"■ , * ■ .i< ■■ ,.' ,.'^' '»^ . > 1. 1 . -t * »■: ■'' C2 COLEOPTKRA OP NOllTII AMERICA. broader than those of the previous groui), and arc easily distin- guislied by tlie prominent eyes, and by the third joint of the maxillary pal[ii being thiekened. They live exclusively In fungi, and are gregarious; they are remarkable for the smooth shining surface, almost destitute of hairs or punctures. The anterior tarsi are 4-jointed, and the middle and i)osterior ones 5-jointed; the first joint of the hind tarsi is elongated ; the thorax is distinctly margined. The labial palpi have but two joints. Our species belong to Gyrojilnena, which is distinguished from the other genera of the gron[) by the entire ligula, and the very short secoud joiut of the labial palpi. Group III.— Gymnusae. In this group the lobes of the maxilhe arc long and slender, the inner one is entirely corneous, serrate internally, and houked at the apex. The maxillary palpi have the second and third joints very long, and the fourth not very distinct. The head is deflexed, pointed in front ; the antenna* slender ; the thorax and elytra broad, and the abdomen strongly but gradually narrowed behind, so that a form is assumed approaching that of some members of the next tribe. Labial palpi setaceous, with two indistinct joints ; anterior tarsi 4-jointed, posterior ones 5-jointed ; ligula short, entire. Myi.l.^na. Labial palpi large, 3-jointed, last joint very small ; tarsi 3-jointed; ligula large, bifid ; lobes nearly as long as the palpi. Uinopsis. Thus far species have occurred only in the Atlantic States ; they are but three in number (one Myllojua, two Diuopsis), and are found in very wet places. 4-: 't\'- Tribe IL— TACHYPORINI. The prothoracic spiracles are visible ; the anterior coxfe are large, conical, and prominent, with the trochanters very distinct. The antenna? are inserted under the lateral margin of the front. The species are usually convex, with the thorax always ample, arched, and highly polished, and the abdomen conical, sometimes very short. They are found partly in fungi, partly under bark. Our genera are easily distinguished by the following taltle : — A. AnteuusB 10-jointed, tarsi 4-joiuted (body very small, convex). Hyi'ocyptus. STAPIIYLINIOAE. 03 B. AuteniiaJ 11-joiuted (tarai S-jointed in all of our gencia) ; A. Elytra longer tliaii the breast, equably jjuuctured ; ligula not nar- rowed anteriorly ; Abdomeu margined ; Mesosternum carinate ; maxillary palpi filiform ; First joint of hind tarsi very long. Lkccopakyiius. First joint of land tarsi not elongated. Coi-uoi'uucs. Mesosteinum not carinate ; Maxillary palpi filiform. Taciiincs. Maxillary paljii subulate. Taciiyi-ohus. Abdomen not margined ; body finely pubescent. Conosoma. B. Elytra as long as the breast, smooth, or with three rows of jiunctuies ; ligula narrowed at the apex ; Maxillary palpi filiform. Boi.rroniDS. Maxillary palpi with the last joint conical, acute. Hkyoi'ouus. Maxillary palpi subulate. Mvietopokcs. The species of Bolitobins usually have the head much elongated ; when, however, the head is oval, they approach closely to tiic gc- nn.s Quedius of the next tribe, but are recognized by the anteinue being inserted at the lateral margin of the front, near the eyes, and not at the anterior angle of the frontal margin, as iu C^uedius. Tribe III.— STAPnYLI\l.\I. In this tribe the spiracles of the prothorax arc visible, but the anteume are situated at the anterior margin of the front, and ditfer in position in the three sub-tribes. The anterior coxa; are large and conical ; the trochanters of the hind legs are promi- nent; the abdomen is strongly margined. Lateral margin of the thorax simple. Quedhni. Lateral margin of the thorax double ; Antennre distant. Stapiiylinini, Autenme approximated. Xantiiolisini. Mm ■ ■ Jilt'- , fh'ti Sub-Tribe 1.— Quediilli. The antennsB are inserted at the anterior point of the lateral margin of the front ; the thorax is smooth and glabrous, with but few dorsal punctures (except in Euryporus), and its lateral margin is single and acute, as usual. The body is usually fusiform, sometimes linear. The species are found in various situations; Quedius under stones and bark iu damp forests, Euryporus and Acylophorus near water. The *?>^v;;-^:i; . !• -I • I, .rimwW 'l« . f ■I' ■ i>; <■■■■ I^Uri; ^bL.' a COT.KOI'TKIIA OK NdHTII AMKUICA. lal)niin is usiiully iiiargiiiod willi iiR'iulinuic, uiiil usimllv, tli()ii;j;h not always, Itilultcd. Tliis siili-lribo is very closely related to llic j)re('ediiip tribe, l)iit the (liHeroiieo in the position of the unlcniiiu will enable the student to avoid eonfoundinjr tlieni to geniculate, tho first joint ('lniigat«(l. ArYMU'iioiirs. Auteuua; gunioulate, Jlrst joint moi subulate. Uetkiiotiiops. Prothoraciu spiracles covered, palpi fllilbrm. Uli:ijius. Sub-Tribo 2.— Stapliyliiiiiii (gcnuini). The antennic are inserted on the anterior maruin of tlie front, inside of the base of the mandibles, but distant from each otluT. Tlie tliora.x is more or less convex, frecpieiitly densely puuetured, with the lateral margin duulile ; the prothoraeie spiraeles an- always visible and uncovered; the hibrum is always bilol)ed; the anteiiiiai are never geuioulate. The suture is imbricate only in Thiiiopinus. The species live on decomposing animal and vegetable .sub- stances, or on excrements; rarely (Thiiiopinus) on the shores of the ocean, below high-water mark. Some of them are the largest of tlr family. The genus Staphyliaus, as set forth by Erichsou, has been dis- membered by later authors, to form several of the genera below mentioned. A. Maxillary palpi with tho fourth joint shorter than the third ; Thorax smooth, narrowed at the base ; Middle cox.'e contiguous, suture imbricated, wings none. TniNoriNus. Middle coxre distant, suture straight. CuKopnii.i'.s. Tliorax punctured, pubescent, narrowed at the base. Listoteophus. B. Maxillary palpi with the fourth joint equal to or longer than tlie third ; Marginal lines of tho thorax separate, wings none. IIadkotes. Marginal lines of the thorax separate, wings distinct, last joint of la- bial palpi truncate. TuiGONOPiionDS. Marginal lines of the thorax united near the apex, body winged; Ligula emarginate ; ■&'■ ^.•' : 4 ■ K ^ St w ST.VrilYLINIDAE. 65 MiiMlii coxm sli^litly si'iiarato ; abJomeu narrowed at tip (tlioriix imucturoil, i)iil)t'S(.'('iit). lsTAnivi.iM'.s.* Middle ooxio contiguous ; abdomeu very loug, parallol. Oovi'UH. Lifjula tMitiro ; Feiiinia uiianriHd. PiiiLONTiiirs. Femora spiiioua beneath. Uulonucuuh. Sub-Tribe 3.— Xailtlioliniiii. The antennic aro inserted near the middle of the anterior mnr- giu of the front, and approximated; tiiey are geniculate in our genera; the thorax is long and rectangular, with rows of punc- tures, of which tlie outer ones are curved ; the lateral margin is douljle, and the prothoraeie spiracles are uncovered. The head is usually etpial in size to the thorax, and is narrowed behind into a small neck. The suture of the elytra is imbricated in our genera when the antennas are strongly genieidate. The .species are found under moss in woods, under stones, and bark. A. Antennre strongly geniculated ; suture imbricated ; middle coxio distant ; Taljii lilifonii, last joint longer. Xantiioi.inuh. Palpi witli the last joint subulate. Lki-taci.nus. Palpi with the last joint very small, subulate; upper marginal lino of protiiorax obsolete. Lkptolinith. B. Antonnie feebly geniculated ; suture entire ; Thorax oblong, elytra with the sutural stria obsolete. Otuiuh. Thorax oblong, elytra with a deep sutural .stria. Baptolunus. Thorax uarrowed iu front, elytra with a deep sutural stria. Diocuus. Tribe IV.— PiEDERINI. In this tribe the prothoraeie spiracles are invisible, being co- vered by the sides of the pronotum ; the space behind the coxa) is corneous in some, membranous in others ; the anterior coxae are large, conical, and prominent; the posterior coxa' also conical and prominent ; the antenna) are inserted under the sides of the front; the mandibles are long and slender; the palpi with the last joint usually minute. The abdomen is margined in all of our genera, and the tarsi are 5-jointed. The hind trochanters project inwards but slightly. The head is always narrowed suddenly behind, forming a distinct neck. * The acetabula are always separated by the mesosternum, which is, however, frequently exceedingly narrow ; they are conlluent iu Ocypus. 6 Wq ' Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 A^ (V ^^ \ ;\ cS^ % V <^ ;\ \ 6^ : : 06 COLEOPTEnA OF NORTH AMERICA. gC^?- Two groups, consulered by Erichson as tribes, and reunited by Kraatz (Insectcn Deutsclilands, II), may be formed : — I'.alpi with the last joint very small, Bubulate. Palpi with the last joiut equal to the preuediug. P^DEHI. PiNUI'UILI. Group I.— Paederl. The gonorn of this group are numerous, and are found under bark, under stones, and near water. The form of the palpi rea- dily distinguishes them from the second group. A. Ilind tarsi with the fourth joiut uot lobed (proateruum behind the cosw membranous) ; Antennne geniculate. Cryptouium. Antenn.'P straight ; Hind tarsi with the joints 1 — 4 nearly equal ; Thorax SHlKjuadrate ; labrum bilobod. LATiinonii'M. Thorax narrowed in front ; labrum 4-toothed. Scopjeus. Ilind tarsi with the joints 1 — 4 decreasing gradually in length ; Thorax narrowed in front ; Labruiri 4-toothed (last two segments of abdomen elongated), EcillASTKR. Labrum with two acute teeth. Sxaici's. Tliorax subquadrate ; Labrum with two small teeth. Litiiociiaris. Labrum round '., emarginate at tip. DAc.NociiiLrs. Labium entire, elytra very short. Lipauocepualus. B. Ilind tarsi with the fourth joint lobed ; Last joint of maxillary palpi slender, very minute ; Elytra longer than the thorax. Sryirs. Klyf ra shorter than the thorax. Stilicopsis. Last joiut of maxillary palpi obtuse. P.Ei>EKrs. Group II.— PinophiU. Very elongated cylindrical species, sometimes of large size, and found under bark of trees; some species of l*alrlniinus arc also found on leaves of trees. Our genera arc but two, both of wide distribution : — Abdomen distinctly margined. Abdomeu uot margined. PiNopnir.rs. PALAMIM'S. Tribe v.— 8TEMIWI. In this tribe the prothoraeic spiracles are concealed by the indexed portion of the pronotum; the anterior coxa) arc small, STArnVLINTDAB. C7 rnnionl, itnd itroiniiu'iit, and the posterior ones are coniral nrnl proiiiiiK'iit. Tin,' iiiitt'iiiiK' are Ktraiglit, with the last throe Joints larger than the jtreeeding; the insertion varies in the dillerent gronjKs; the troeiianters are simple. The second ventral segment is marked with two slmrt ridges. The first joint of the maxillary ^ palj)i is nearly as long as the seeond. Three groups, according to the insertion of the antennie, arc obvious : — Antonuie 11-jointed, ii:!«yrted on tlio front, between the large eyes. Stem. Auteuiiie ll-juLuted, iuBected on the front, in front uf the moderate eye!<. Kr.KSTUETI. Autenux 10-joiuted, inserted under the lateral margin of the front. Mhoaloi'ES, Group I.— Stenl. The eyes are very large and prominent in this group, so tliat the head resembles that of Cieindela; the antennie are inserted upon the front, between the eyes. The labrum is entire, and rounded anteriorly. The tarsi have five distinct joints. Two genera, both represented in our fuuim, are known: — Parnjrloss.T connate, indistinct (i«ody finely punctured). DiANor.^. Paraglossa) dilated, rounded (body ooarsely punctured). Stents. The species of this tribe arc found running on mud near water; those of Stenus are numerous, and, according as the abdomen is margined or not, and the I'nurth tarsal joint simple or bilnbcd, may be arranged in natural groups; the genus is represented ou both sides of the continent. Of Dianous but two species are known; one is Eurojtcan, the other was found by me on the Koulhern shore of Lake tSuperior. The ligula is attached by a loose membrane in Stenus, and after death is freiiuently protruded to a distance equal to half the length of the body. Group II.— Euaesthetl. But two genera, containing only a few species, compo.sc this group. The ■riicy oves ar are insects of very small size, found on flowers. )rom 1> nent ; the antctiiue are inserted on the front, before the eyes, at the base of the labrum, which is denticulate unteriorly. The tarsi ure 4-join Body I ted. nincturcd liody smooth. liBSTHKTrS. Kj>ai>ml-s. 68 COLEOPTERA OF NORTU AMERICA. The species, thus far, are found only in the Atlantic district. Edapiius possesses but one species, E. nitidus, from Louisiana ; it is remarkable for simulating in appearance a Psolaphide of the tribe Euplectini. The head is marked with two deep fovcuj, and at the base of the thorax are three others. The upper surface is smooth, and the elytra are slightly pubescent; the color is uni- form, yellowish red.* Group III.— Megalopes. This group contains but a single genus, Mcgalops. having the eyes yet larger than in Stenus, and the thorax coarsely, irregu- larly punctured, and marked with a few lateral transverse furrows. The antennse are inserted (as in the next tribe) under the latcrol margin of the front, but are formed as in Stenus, except that they have but ten joints ; the tarsi are 5-jointcd. Two species are known to me from the Atlantic district; they are found under the bark of trees, and are very rare. ■^^^i^ •jf- »^^:- M- Tribe VI.— OXVTEL.INI. The prothoracic stigmata are covered by the inflexed portion of the pronotum ; the anterior coxae are large, conical and promi- nent; the second ventral segment is without any ridges. Tiic antcnnse are more or less geniculated, 11 -jointed, and are inserted under the lateral margin of the front; the first joint of the max- illary palpi is short. I would arrange our genera in three groups, as follows : — Middle coxae at the sidea of the breast. Oxypori. Middle coxffi contiguous, or nearly so ; Abdomen not margined. Osorii. Abdomen margined. Oxyteli. Group I.— OaE3rpori. But a single genus is known, Oxyporus, found in fungi. The head is very large, with the eyes small, not prominent, tiie man- dibles long and decussating, not dentate; the mentum is armed * In a hind leg of thia apeciefl, mounted by me in Canada balsam, there is an appearance, iinder the lens of a compound microscope, that the first joint of tlie tarsi projects beneath, in the form of a membranons lobe. Thia structure is so anomalous in the present family, that I can scarcely believe my eyes; but not having the power of examining other specimens, I here simply state the appi 'ent fact, for the observation of future students. 8TAPIIYLINIDAE, 69 with a medial bifid tooth; the last joint of the labial palpi is lunate; the middle eoxuj arc very widely separated, and the tarsi are 5-jointed. The abdomen is strongly margined. Thus far the species have been found only in the Atlantic region. Group II.— Osorli. The group is represented by a single species, Osorius latipes, found under bark on the Atlantic slope, as far as the Rocky Mountains. The body is cylindrical, the middle coxte are contiguous, the tarsi are 5-jointed, and the abdomen is not at all margined. The liguia is corneous. The mandibles are stout, but not toothed. The genus Osorius is distinguished from the foreign Uolotro- chus by the anterior tibiaj being armed with spines. Group III.— Ozyteli. The body is either cylindrical or depressed, and the abdomen is strongly margined ; the middle coxa; are contiguous, or nearly so ; the tarsi are 3-jointed in all of our genera, except Syntomium. The liguia is membranous, and the mandibles are toothed. The species are found partly in wet places, partly (Platj-stcthus and certain Oxytelus) in dung and other decomposing material. Tarsi 3-jointed ; Front tibisB with two rows of spines, (Iwdy cylindrical). Bi.edius. Front and middle tibia) with one row of .sjjines, (body depressed). PLATYSTETUtrS. Front tibiie with one row of spines, (body depressed) ; Middle coxne separated. Oxytki.us. Middle coxae contiguous. Haplodekus. All the tibiae without rows of spines ; Hind tarsi longer than half the tibije, (body glabrous). Apocellus. Hind tarsi shorter than half the tibial, (body pubescent) ; Scutellum not visible. Tkogopul«ku8. Scutellum distinct ; Maxillary palpi with the last joint conical acute, ocelli none. A.VCYKOPIIORUS. Miixillary palpi with the last joint elongate, ocelli distiact.(!) DlSTEMMCS. Tarsi 5-jointed; antennae with the Lxst three joints wider. Syntomu-m. To Ancyrophorus I refer Trogophlceus planus Lee. ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is as long, or nearly so, as the third, and is conical and acute. Distemmus is founded upon T. Aryns ■■;: ^; 1 »V'« . bv,. im m ili, ^E*'-*-'" ^'-i''-: 8^^* '' '' BffSi^rt : I .. Bl ifi'ti 70 COLKOI'TERA OF NORTH AMLRICA. Lcc. Both of these 8i»ecies are fn)in Lake Sni)erior. Syntomium is represented in Russian America. The other genera are lounU ou both sides of thu coutiuout. Tribe VII.-OMALIXI. In this tribe the prothoruoic spiraeles arc concealed by the inflexcd portion of the pronotuni; the prosteniuni behind the coxn* is membranous; the anterior coxa* are coiueal and promi- nent, the posterior ones transverse ; the hind troelianters are on the internal margin of the thighs ; the tarsi are 5-jointed ; the pnlpi arc filiform, except in Coryphium, where they are subulate ; the head is furnished behind with two simple lenses or ocelli, which are usually pfaced on a line joining the posterior margins of the eyes. The antenna^ arc inserted under the lateral margins of the i'ront. The second ventral segment is cnrinate at the base. The genera are numerous, and are best distinguished by the parts of the mouth, which are not to be examined without dis- section. For a full account of the differences between the genera the student must refer to the second volume of the Insecten Dcutsehlands, by Kraatz. The following characters may enable him to recognize those of our fauna : — A. Maxillary palpi with the last joint long or niodprnto ; posterior tarsi with joints 1 — 4 of uniMjual lnngth ; elytra modeiato ; Mandibles toothed; tiltiie not spinous ; hind tarsi with the first joint elongated ; Maxillary palpi with the last joint not elongated. Antuopiiaous. Maxillary palpi with the last joint three times as long as the pre- ceding. Lebteva. Mandibles not toot'.ijil ; Tibire .spinous ; hind tarsi with the first joint elongated. Acidota. Tibine not spinous ; liind tarsi with the first and second joints equal ; Lobes of the inaxill.T elongate, corneous. OLorimrM. Lobes of the niaxillic uienihranous. LATHRiM^rst. Tibi.'o spinous ; hind tarsi with the lirst and second joints elongated, not equal, first very long. AMi'iiiniuorM. Tibiat not spinous ; hind tarsi with the first joint slightly elongated ; one mandible toothed. PoRKnoniTES. B. Maxillary palpi with the last joint sniall, subulate. CouYniiiM. C. Maxillary palpi with the last joint long ; liind tarsi with the joints 1 — 4 short, equal ; Tibia? very finely spinous ; elytra long. Omalium. Tibi.t! not si>inous ; elytra lung. ANTiionifM. Elytra very short. Milualymua. iv> i STAPH YLINl DAE. 71 Lathrium Lee. ia not .sufl'ak'iilly ilisliiict from Oloplirum, ami the species L. vonvexicolle t'ruiii Luke Superior greatly resemljles O. cunvcxum Miikilu froui llusslau America. Tribe VIII.-PROTEIIVI!¥I. This tribe contains a very small number of sitecics, upproaoliing clo.sely to the preceding tribe, but Uiflering by the prosternum being corneous behind the coxa), and Ijy the head liaving no ocel- lus in our genera, and but one in certain foreign genera. The antenna) are inserted under the sides of the front; the anterior co.xie are transverse, subconical, and somewhat prominent; the hind coxie are transverse ; the hind troclianters are at the inner margin of the tliighs; the tarsi are 5-jointcd. The species live in fungi fud under bark. Our v,\vo genera without frontal ocellus arc distinguished by the form of the antcnnuj. Antennas with the joints 9 — 11 larger. Pbotkim-s. AutenuiB witli the eleventh joint only larger. Meoauthucs. The latter genus is further remarkable for having the sides of the thorax frequently with an angle behind the middle; the thorax is also always chauuellcd. Tribe IX.— PHLffiOCHARIlVI. This tribe consists also of a very small number of species, of slender, depressed form, and is represented in our fauna only l)y the genus Olisthajrus, found in the northern regions, from Canada to Russian America, under bark. The prothoracic spiracles are covered ; the thorax behind the anterior coxa; is membranous; the latter are conical and prtjmi- nent, and the hind coxa; are transverse; the hind troclianters are on the Internal margin of the thighs; the tarsi are 5-jointed. The antenna; are inserted under the sides of the front, straight, 11-jointed, scarcely thickened externally. The second ventral segment is longitudinally elevated at the middle. It will thus be seen that this tribe differs from Oraalini by the absence of ocelli, and from Tachyporini only by the prothoracic spiracles being covered. In Olistluprus the anterior tarsi are not dilated, and the maxil- lary palpi arc filiform. :>. r. 5$1 ( : ,rvr_ >J tt COLEOPTIBA OF NORTU AMERICA. Sub-Family II.— PIESTIDAE. Insects having a slender and frequently very depressed form, living under bark. The prothoracic spiracles are covered, and the whole prosternum is corneous, and in some genera separates the anterior coxie so that the coxal cavities become entire. The antennae are sitijated under the sides of the front, straight, slightly thickened externally. The second ventral segment is longitudi- nally elevated at the middle. In this sub-family the present family shows its strongest tend- ency towards the collective Clavicorn families in Cucujidaj; in the next we will find this tendency towards another member of the same series. Our genera are as follows : — A. Anterior coxtB contiguous ; Abdomen margined, tarsi 5-jointed ; Anterior tibiie spinous, ai)domen broadly margined ; Maxillffi with the outer lobe dilated; (elytra striate). Proosatha. Maxillie with the outer lobe not dilated ; (elytra punctate). IIVPOTELCS. Anterior tibiie not spinous, abdomen narrowly margined. IfOMALUS. AMomen not margined, tarsi 3-joiuted ; (thorax and elytra oostate). Ol-YPTOMA. B. Anterior coxae separated, abdomen not margined, tarsi 5-jointod. LiSFlKUS. Sub-Family III.— MICROPEPLIDAE. This Bub-family consists of a single genus, containing small snbquadrate species, having the thorax, elytra, and abdomen or- namented with acutely elevated ribs; the antennae are inserted under the sides of the front, 9-jointed, and terminate in a small club received into cavities on the under surface of the prothorax ; the prosternum is entirely corneous. The anterior coxte are transverse, not prominent, the hind ones distant, rounded ; the tarsi are 3-jointed. The second ventral segment is broadly di- lated at the middle, and separates the hind coxte. This sub-family thus completes the approach of the Staphyli- nidsQ towards the Clavicorn series in Uisteridse. UI8TEKIDAE. 73 Fam. XL— HISTERIDAE. Mentum corneous, sometimes large and covering the base of the maxilla), flat or slightly concave, subquadrate, some- times emarginate or tridentato in front; ligula almost con- cealed behind the mentum; palpi 3 jointed, cylindrical. Maxillas with two ciliated lobes, the internal one much smaller; palpi 4-jointed, cylindrical. Antenna) geniculate, capable of being retracted, short, in the second sub-family with the first joint thick, but in the first with the first joint long, the eighth and following ones forming a compact, annulated, rounded, or (rarely) triangular club. Prothorax closely applied to the elytra ; side pieces not distinct;* in most of the genera with two cavities to receive the club of the antennae; prosternum frequently lobed in front, produced behind, articulating with the mesosternum; coxal cavities open behind. Mesosternum separating widely the middle coxae; side pieces large, not divided, sometimes visible from above. Metasternum very large, almost connate with the meso- sternum anteriorly; episterna sometimes narrow, sometimes broad, occasionally curved ; epimera broad, large, separated by a fine suture, which is sometimes effaced. Elytra truncate behind, leaving two segments of the ab- domen uncovered; scutellum small in the first sub-family, entire in the second. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, the first very large, the fifth very short, closely applied to the lasi. dorsal segment, which is triangular and deflexed. Anterior coxae transverse and not prominent in the first sub-family, globose in the second; middle and posterior coxaa widely separated, not prominent, rounded, or rather sub- quadrate, the latter not extending to the sides of the body. Legs short, retractile; tibito compressed, anterior ones usually toothed, posterior sometimes toothed; spurs distinct, those of the anterior pair very unequal. Tarsi slender, short, 5-jointed in the first sub-family (except in Acritus, where the posterior ones are d-jointed), 4-jointed in the second sub- family; claws (in all of our genera) two, simple; anterior tarsi usually received in grooves on the anterior face of the tibiae. * la some f^pecies there ia an elevated line, simulating a suture. im !£? B*>rJ ■^ .I'Vi.H /mm . ', i.V >«rf As 0^'' ii lU >• u COLEOI'TERA OP NORTH AMEUICA. A very well tk-liiicd family of insoots, niodoratoly numerous, iicurly all of a shilling black color, with tho elytra variously Hcuiptureil with Htriiu; some few Hpecles of Ulster uiid Sapriiiiis have the elytra marked with red, and a few of tho latter genus are metallic in color. The form of body is variable; those of tho Ijrst group are oblong and flat, with prominent mandibles; tho others are round, oblong, oval, globose, some depressed and some convex. The species live under Imrk of trees, in excrements, and in carcasses. "When touched, the insects retract the anteuniu and feet, appearing as if dead. The metasteruum is nmrkcd by two distant lines diverging po.s- terlorly, and tho first segment of the abdomen with two similar ones. The genera in this family appear to me to have been multiplied unnecessarily by later authors. I accordingly liave niatle, when necessary, two tables, one of the genera as understood in the great monograph of Mar.scul, the other of those which appear to me to be entitled to real generic distinction. The family may be divided into two natural sub-fainilies, as follows : — AntemifB with the first joint very long; elytra truncate. IIistruid.b. Aatemio) with the first joint very thick ; elytra entire. Mi'UMumD.K. Sub-Family I.— IIISTERIDAE (genuini). The geniculate autennne, with tho first joint elongated, and the truncate elytra permitting the last two dorsal segments of the abdomen to be visible, sufficiently distinguish this sub-family from the next. It is divided, following the example of Lacordairo, into two very natural tribes, according to tho position of tho head iu repose: — HOLOLKPTIXI. HiBTKl.NI. Head porrected. Uead retracted, bent downwards. Tribe I.-HOLOLEPTI]¥I. Body very much depressed above and below ; head extended, with long, prominent mandibles; antennnc inserted under the sides of the front, the club not received in defiuite prosterual cavities ; IIIHTERinAE. TJ as niciitiim cnmrj^inatc, entirclj' covering tlio base of the nuixilln' iu uur sjiL'C'ic's; prustcniuia not lolu-d in front. These species live under the Imrk of trees ; some of them I huve found in t'aiiforniu in decomposing stems of Cuclucete. The genus llololepta, the only one witliin our territories, is diHtingnisiu'd by the mundiljles not tootiicd, tiie j)ygidiiim small nnd perpendicular. It is divided iuto two by Alarseul, according to the following characters: — l'io>toiiiiiiii not narrowt'd in fruiit, lutintnm flat. Hdi.oi.ErTA. I'l'uatunuua niirruwud iu I'lout and ruuiided, iiientum with an M-Hiia|iiMl ele- vated lino. Lio.M)TA (Liudui'uia). If, however, these clinracters be considered as valid, then other genera must be established for Culifornian species. I prefer re- garding them as one genus, in which are five groups : — (I. Moiitiiui nearly Hat ; prosternum broad, Hat. H./osnuhtris, &c. ''. Mentum flat ; prosternuni narrowed nnd rounded at tij). JI. princep*. c. Meiituiii concave, without elevated linen; prosternuni Mlightl/ narrowed, truncate, and slightly eniarginnte at tip. //. virina. fl, Mentuni slightly concnve, with fine lines; prosternutu slightly narrowed, broadly rounded at tip. J/, jildti/mna. e. Mentuni concave, with strongly eluvutud lines ; prosternum narrowed, almost acuta at tip. II. cacti. Tribe II.— HISTRI.\I. Ilend retracted, deflexed ; mandibles capable of being applied to the anterior edge of the prosternum, so as to conceal the mouth ; mentnm subquadrate, not covering the base of the ma.xillaj. This tribe is again forftied of two sub-tribes, which differ by the presence or absence of au anterior prosternal lobe ; neverthe- less, in our species of Tribalus, t.'ie lobe is so short and broad that they were considered by me as a distinct genus, Cajrosternus, nnd placed in the second sub-tribe. Onthophilus is placed by Mar- scul and Duval in the first, by Lacordaire iu the second sub-tribe. Presternum lobed in front. Prosteruum truncate iu front. IIlSTIUXI. Sapuim. Sub-Tribe 1.— Ilistrini (penuini). The genera of this sub-tribe live in excrements, or under the bark of trees; one genus (Ileherius) is found only in the nests of ants, early in spring. According to my views, modified l)y con- sulting the authors above mentioued, they may be thus arranged : — 4^ \>,M m H-T/^i L'i", ■:'•■ ■ f .■'•: ''';,■■■' ,vj* 1; ^;. i rj i-h 7G C()LEU1>TERA OF NORTH AMERICA. :^1' il hr^f m ri-t X A. Antt^nnnl cavitloH on the antoriur part of the proHternnm; (all the tarai liuvf two tlttWH in our geut-ra) ; Antunnii) inxerti'd iiiKler thu margin of the front ; moudilileH promi- nent ; 2 Antxnnic inMoKiid upon the front ; mandihlen retracted ; 4 2 Mu.ioHtornunk emurginato, rurel/ truncate ; club of anteniim round, annulnted. IIihtkh. MvHOHturnum Hlightly prominent at the middle, received hy the pro- Hternum ; 3 3 Clul> of antenniD round, annulated. Piielistkr. Club of nntennm olnjonical, truncate, dolid. llKiMiUiim. 4 Antennnl cuvitieH under the angle of the thorax ; club round, annu- iatud ; 5 Antennal cavitieH at the angle of the thorax ituelf ; club of antenna annulated, trun(;ate. Ti(iiiAi.im. 6 Pygldium inflexed, thorax and elytra coatate, prosternal lobe olwolete. O.NTiiorniLi'ii. Pygidium deflexed, elytra Htriate. Ki'ikuih. B. Antennal cavitieH at the middle of the inflexed portion of the prutliorax. near the Hides. MeHOMternum einarginate, receiving the base of tin proHternum ; 3 MesoHternum truncate, slightly prominent at the middle, received bj the proHternum ; 2 2 Prosternal lobe short, broad ; pygidium inflexed ; body globular. Bacamub. Prosternal lobe long, rounded ; pygidium vertical ; body globular, margined. Spii^krodkuma. 3 Posterior tibite broad ; anterior tibiae with a small terminal spur ; body oval, convex. DKNUUoruiLCH. Posterior tibire narrow ; anterior tibiio with a very large terminal spur ; body oblong, sometimes depressed. Pakomalub. To Sphacroderma must be referred Bacanius marginatus Lee.* The occurrence of the genus here is remarkable, as the only other species is found in Madagascar. The genus Ilist'T, as above defined, includes all the divisions of my scheme in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi. 39, except 12 and 13, which form Phelister, regard- ing the generic value of which group I still entertain some doubts. Hider corticalin Lee, placed by me in division 12, has been very properly removed by De Marseul to Cardnops, a division of Pa- romalus. Hister, as above defined, contains several of the genera adopted by De Marseul, which are separated by the following characters : — Anterior tibise with the tarsal groove well defined, often sinuate ; (a single range of small spines on the middle and posterior tibiae) ; * Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vi. 292. .•V niSTERIDAE. 77 Prostornnl lolio very prnminniit ; Anterior tiliiir witli nn internal tooth n«ar the baao. Cyi.istix. Anterior tiltiii' without nuy Internal tootli. Pi.atvhoma. Prostcrrial loU- narrow, not vory promini-nt. Omalodkb. Anterior f ihini with the tarnal fjrooVH liailly ileflneil, straight ; Midille and poxturior tiliiiv with a Hin^'lo range ofHpinett. PHiLoRrRi.iH. Middlu and posterior til)iaB with two ran^^eH of Hpinex. Hihtkb. The student who will consult my paper above cited will sco that there are good reasons for regarding the characters here given as not of generic value. The genus I'aronialus, aa above defined, is divided by Marseul into two : — Elytra striate ; l»ody oval, sulKionrcx. Elytra not Htriatu ; body oblong, HulxleprenHed. CaBOISOI'S. PAKOMALI'S. But these divisions are not adopted by Lacordaire and Duval. Snb-Tribe 2.— gaprfni. Some of the genera of this sub-tribe live under bark and in excrements, also under stones; but the numerous species of Sa- prinus arc found mostly in carcasses. Our genera are the following : — Antenna) inserted under tlio margin of the front; antennal cavities at tlie sides of tlie prosteniuui proper. Sai'him's. Antenna} inserted on the front ; antennal cavities at the sides of the under surface of the prothorax; Body cylindrical ; tibiae toothed. Tekkthius. Body oblong ; thorax with a deep groove each side ; tibim not toothed. Pleoaoguus. Body round ; posterior tarsi 4-jointed ; tibiie not toothed. Acuitch. The species of the last genus are the most minute of the family, and are quite numerous in North America. The European species, formerly enrolled in Saprinus, S. rotund- atus and piceus, were found by Duval to have the inner lobe terminated by a corneous hook, and were therefore placed as a distinct genus, Gnathoncus; to the same genus belong .S. deletus Lee, identical with the European rohindatus^, and H. interccptvs Lcc. ; they differ from genuine Saprini by the head having no stria; the sutural stria does not join the first dorsal, and is very short; the epipleuraj have three striae. I have not adopted the genus, as these differences do not appear to me of sufficient con- sequence. m III ■k IM 'm mm. ' V . .■■■ ;-i ■■■;"■' *tiT • , ■' »^ * * ■■ S 78 COLEOI'TKKA OF NOUTII AMEllICA. Sub-Family II.— MURMIDIIDAE. This Kub-ftimily consists of but a single species, Murmiduot ovalis (Cauthdccruti udvcna (iennar), diirusod by coninu-rce over the wliole glolje ; it is a very minute, brown, sliglitiy pubescent insect, of a rounded, depressed form, with rows of large punctures on tiio elytra. The antenine have but ten joints; the first joint is largo and thick, the second somewhat narrower; the dul) is received in a cavity excavated at the anterior angle of the thorax; the anterior coxtu arc globose ; the prosternuni is very wide, flat, and its an- terior lobe is very short; the mesosternum is very wide, truncate in front, fitting closely to the prosternum ; elytra rounded at tip, entirely covering the dorsal segments of the al)donien. This insect is very rare. I have seen but two specimens found iu this country, and for the one in my jtossession I am indebted to Mr. Ulkc. It is said by European authors to live iu old rice. Fam. xtl— scapiiidiidae. ' ;■;:.-.■'.■ i' -r'l ■ ' ■fait .iaftAt-' •J'»*- him --x-if.;--. p 1 H.r: ■ w^-: N -.^ hi ■ ' « :k;- ' '« -V'?-' iif ■ *^ V * i'.'^i ♦'■" ! ■B' irS' "r ■i Pp: < . » . ■f (-, ^.("\4-^» WK J^WSm ^■:ii-^ ■■ ^kw* » ■■ ' jjmM- -. > BSi •$■•.■ .Mkl^Kfi ,*'■■• '^^^' '4'^-i HqajK?.) - ■%:' -' iwinL**^ - ■* ', . R '*%^. W '^^.\ Mentum large, quadrate ; ligula membranous, witliout paraglossa); palpi Sjointecl. Maxillae exposed at the base, with two membranous lobes ; pal})! short, 4;-joiated, with the last joint conical. Antennas inserted at the margin of the front, which is sud- denly contracted and prolonged into a short beak, cai)illary, or slightly clavate, the last five or six joints wider than the preceding ones, the eighth sometimes smaller than the seventh and ninth, the first and second thicker than the third. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate; prosternum not prolonged; coxal cavities rounded, widely open behind. Completed by the mesosternum. Mesosternum frequently prominent or carinate, side pieces usually divided by an oblique line; metasternum very large, side pieces narrow, epimera not visible. Elytra broadly truncate behind, not covering entirely the abdomen. Abdomen with five free ventral segments; the fifth conical, as long as the three preceding ones; sixth usually visible, and when eraarginate, as in certain males, permitting the ■;2^"' TRICIIOl'TERYCilDAE. 79 the seventli or even the eigl-th internal onca to be seen; the last three or lour dorsal segments are entirely eorneciis. Anterior coxio large, cylindrieal, prominent, eontignous; middle eoxa) small, rountlud, widely separated; posterior eoxic oval, usually widely separated. Legs slender; tarsi D-joiuted, long, filiform; claws slender, simple. TliJH family contains small oval or rounded oval, convex, very shining insects, living in fungi. Tlic sides of tin; tiinnix lire oI)U(iue, and the head snuill, so as to maiie tlie Ijody somewhat pointed in front; the tiiorax is very closely applied to the trunk, and the elytra are broadly truncate, permitting tiiu ti[) of the conical abdomen to aiijjeur. All the known genera of tlm fandly, except Amalocera, are represented in our Atlantic fauna, but Scaphisoma aiune has yet been ol)tained on the Pacific .slope. I. Siuitellum di.stinct ; anttMuiio clavate ; I'ostcrior til)i.T not sjiiiious; First joint of posterior tarsi longest; oyes em.irginate. Scai'iiidipm. First joint of posterior tarsi scarcely longer than tlie seconil ; eyes en- tire. S( AIMIIIM. Posterior tibiaj with rows of small spines ; eyes entire. (.'veAitieii. II. Scutelluin covered by the base of the thorax ; antenniu capillary ; Posterior coxie widely distant ; Antenna' with tin- joints i» — 11 wider. B.koceha. Antenuie with tlie joints r ■;,■'•• " 80 COLEOPTERA OF NOHTII AMERICA. Anterior coxae prominent, subglobular, contiguous; middle coxae oval, not contiguous; posterior transverse, more or less separated, sometimes dilated over the feet into a flat plate. Legs moderate, slender; tarsi 3-jointed, last joint with a long bristle with a clubbed tip between the ungues. The insects of this family are the smallest Coleoptera known; those found iii this country have not yet been studied with care, and but few are described, although there are in my collection twenty-eiglit species. All the genera of the family are represented in our fauna, as follows : — Posterior coxiB approximated, laminate ; first ventral segment acuminate in front. NossiuiuM.* Posterior coxae widely distant ; first ventral segment truncate in front ; Antenna; with the last three joints thickened ; Posterior coxib laminate (body pubescent). TKicnorTERVx. Posterior coxre simple (body pubescent). Ptilium. Anteuuse with the last two joints thickened. Piekididu. Fam. XIV.— phalacridae. Mentum corneous, flat, of a different form in each genus, but all derived from the quadrate form. Maxillaa with two lobes, internal one coriaceous, with two small terminal teeth ; the outer corneous, ciliate at the tip, which is coriaceous. Antenna3 inserted under a slight frontal margin, 11-jointed, the last three joints forming an oval club. Prothorax with the side pieces not distinct; presternum prolonged, entering the emarginate mesosternum behind ; coxal cavities not closed behind. Mesosternum very short, side pieces large, not distinctly divided. Metasternum large, produced anteriorly, side pieces nar- row, partly concealed by the sides of the elytra. Elytra rounded at tip, entirely covering the abdomen. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, not differing much in length, the first somewhat longer. Anterior coxae globular; middle coxao transverse, sepa- rated by the sternum ; posterior contiguous, transverse, flat. * I do not possess any species of this genus. One was discovered by Mr. Motschulsky, in Alabama. NlTinULIDAE. hi Legs short, stout; thighs broad, compressed ; tarsi Sjointcd, with the first tiiree joints hairy beneath, and more or less dilated, the fourth very small, fifth moderate; claws with a basal tooth. A small number of oval or rounded oval, convex, shining in- sects constitute this family. They are found on flowers, and sometimes under bark. The elytra have sometimes approxiniutu rows of small punctures, but more usually only a sutural striii. The scutellum is larger than usual, triangular. One of the four genera (Tolyphus) of this family is wanting in our fauna. Tiie other three are separated by the form of tlie posterior tarsi. Anterior aiid posterior tarsi of the same lengtli (tibiie witliout spurs). I'lIALACKUS. Posterior tarsi elongated (tibiae with distinct spurs) ; First joint of posterior tarsi shorter than the second. Olibru.«. First joint of posterior tarai longer. Litocukcs. Fam. XV.— nitidulidae. 1 Mentum transverse, subquadrate, composed of two pieces closely united together, frequently rounded, sometimes sin- uate or emarginate in front. Maxilhe usually exposed, rarely covered at the base; usually with only one lobe, the outer lobe being wanting; but in the first tribe the outer lobe is distinct. Antennae inserted under the margin of the front, 11-jointed (the eleventh indistinct in Rhizophagus), terminated by a round or oval club, composed of three, rarely of two joints, Prothorax sometimes closely applied to the elytra, some- times passing over their base; prosternum frequently pro- duced behind, side pieces not distinct; coxal cavities open or closed. Mesosternum separating the middle coxae, side pieces with the epimera large, extending to the coxae. Metasternum short, side pieces narrow, epimera not visible. Elytra sometimes truncate, sometimes entire. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, the first a little longer, widely produced between the posterior coxte. Anterior coxre transverse, separated, not prominent; mid- dle and posterior ones transverse, flat, distant, the latter extending almost to the margin of the body. Legs short, somewhat stout, retractile, or subretractile ; ■■''"■-'■''■' '■> '!wi'' ■ -.-.A ■:■*.''■, J- ■ i'<- " < , ".•' ■ •'.'r..', ■ ••• ;■'■:,;. i'-?"? 82 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. V% tarsi short, dilated (except in some genera of the third tribe), hairy beneath, usually 6 jointed, with the fourth joint very small; the posterior of the males of the sixth tribe 4jointe'l, and in the foreign genus Cybocephalus all the tarsi 4 jointed. The species of this family are usually oval, depressed, or slightly convex, but sometimes almost globular, sometimes elongate ; they live on decomposing substances, both animal and vegetable. The head is suddenly narrowed before the antennte, forming a short beak; the antenna) arc retractile, and their basal joints frequently pass into grooves under the eyes. Six tribes compose this family, and are all represented in our fauna. A. AntenD!e with eleven distinct joints, club 3-articulate ; Labrum distinct ; epistonia not prolonged ; Two or three dorsal segments of the abdomen exposed ; Maxillie with two lobes. liRACiiypTERisi, Maxillie with one lobe. Cakpopuili.m. The last dor-sal segment (pygidium) alone exposed ; I'l-othorax not covering the base of the elytra. NirinuLiNi. Prothorax covering tlie base of the elytra. Cycuramisi. Labrum concealed by the epistoma, which is prolonged. , Ipini. B. Antennae ai)parently 10-jointed, club solid. Uuizopuaoini. Si";i' 'V- Tribe I.— BRACIIYPTERIIVI. The species composing this tribe are few in number, found on flowers, and are more convex than those of the next tribe, lie- sides the characters above specified, the anterior coxal cavities are not closed behind, the tarsi are 5-jointed in both sexes, and the prosternura is not prolonged behind the posterior coxte. No antennal grooves are seen below the eyes, and by this character the genera may be distinguished from all of those of the next tribe which occur in our fauna. The two genera arc : — Ungues simple. Cercus. Ungues toothed at the base. BRAcnvpTERrs. The males of the last genus have a small apical dorsal segment. tribe II.— CARPOPHILIIVI. The species of this tribe are usually flattened, though some of the species of Carpophilus are moderately convex. They are known (at least our genera) from those of the first tribe by the head having beneath the eyes two converging grooves for the reeeptiou k1 on Bc- itios and No ractev next rmcnt. NlTIBl'LIDAE. 83 eft ■ ^h of the basal joints of the untcnnic, anti from those of the following tribe by two or (hrt-o dorsal st'gnjonts of the abdomen being; visible behind the elytra; in Carjjophiliis and Conotelus the males have a small dorsal sixth segment. The ungues are simple. The species live some oa flowers, some under bark. Ventral segment.s 1 — 4 short, fifth as long as the others united. Colabtus. Ventral segments 1 — 3 short, fourth anhh.P8. Ventral segineuta 1 — 2 short, 3—4 elongate, fifth elongate, conical. Co.NOTKLHS. The last genus has an elongate form, and resembles certain Staphylinidtc. 9 Trilje III.-3fITIDlTLIXI. Elliptical, usually depressed, and fre(iucntly widely margined spe- cies; sometimes moderately convex, and even (Pocadius) roundeil. Distinguished from the previous tribes by the elytra covering the entire abdon\en, or leaving only the pygidium exposed, and from the next by the thorax not being movalde over the base of the elytra. All of our genera have autennal grooves on the under surface of the head. These insects live on flowers (Meligethes), in fungi (Pocadius), under bark and stones (F^purffia), or on dried animal matter. Our genera arc as follows: — A. Prosternum not prolonged behind the anterior coxsd, dilated, rounded, or truncate ; a. Autennal grooves converging hehind, remote from the eyes ; Mentum not covering the bane of the uia.xiila) ; Last joint of labial palpi large, thick : males with a small sixth dorsal segment. Kpuh-ica. Last joint of labial palpi not thicker than the preceding, males with no distinct sixth dorsal segment. Nitiucla. Meutuni covering tlie b.'ise of the maxilhr. Puometoi'IA. b. Autennal grooves diverging behind, following the outline of the eyes ; First joint of antennie large, broadly dilated. Lobiopa. First joint of antennai moderate ; Males without a sixth dorsal segment. Omosita, Males with a sixth dorsal segnu>nt ; Middle and posteiior tarsi not dilated. Phenolia. All tlie tarsi dilated. Stelidota. B. Prosternum prolonged behind the anterior coxae ; All the tarsi dilated. Melioethes. Posterior tarsi not dilated (elytra deeply sstriate). Psiix)rYOA. None of the tarsi dilated (elytra scarcely truncate). PocAi)iu.s. ■•'-Sir ■>■'■*•■■. fijl '..^••'•"■•♦•♦wk ■•:.>';-^ :^: ..■»■ i' ■-■ i 'J '•'" »■•■ • ■-. A':V: . ■ • 't. - '<. ;■■ .-;;\-? &-■ u COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Ii B ! K- The genus P.silopyj^a is reniurkable for its close reseml)lancc, ia appearance, to Histor. Tribe IV.— CYCIIRAMIXI. The species of this tril)e are rouiideil or oval, convex insects, living ill fungi. One genus (Cyboeophalus Er.), not yet fouinl with us, has the power of contracting into a ball, like Agathidiuni and Clambus, from which it will bo distinguished by the anterior coxie not being prominent. I. All the tarsi equal in length ; Tarsi all dilated ; piosternum scarcely produced. CvrnnAMrs. Hind tarsi not dilated. * AMPnicuotssus. II. Hind tarsi elongated; prosternum but slightly produced. TALLouiis. Tribe V.— IPIMI. The species of this tribe arc oblong, sometimes elongate species, usually prettily variegated with red spots on the elytra. Tlioy are readily known by the epistoma being prolonged between the man- dibles; the elytra of Cryptareha are rounded, of Ips and Pityo- phagus are truncate. The species live upon fungi and uiu'er bark. I'rosternal prolongation reaching the inetasternum ; first joint • antennie covere:, ', '^S'V ■•■■'«l w. V wm-. 8G COLEOPTEHA Of SOmU AMEIIKJA. Ivliizopliagiiii of Nitululida!, and, like tlioiu, llie iiinles have n 8iimll tenuiiial dorsal si'jfinoiit ; tlic form of the uiitcrior coxa' at onci! separates tliciu from all Nitidulidu}. Tlie genera are : — Auttiiiuai with the ninth and tenth joints enl.ii;!vi] ; Nintli Joint of tlie nnttMinw as wiilu ii.s tiiu t*-ntli; Sidus of tlie head blightly dilated before tlie e^-es ; snrfaeo finely pniie- tured and pubescent. I'hvconoml's. Sides of the head not dilated ; body glabrous, coarsely iiuiictuied ; ely- tra punctured in stri.i'. No»ioimii,(EL'h. Ninth joint of the antennte not as wide as the tenth ; body coarsely punc- tured ; elytra punctured and pubescent in stria>. IIkspkuobam's. Autenuie with the ninth joint scarcely larger than the eighth ; Head short ; body sparsely, coarsely punctured ; elytra piiiictured and pubescent in striaj. liAcriiiDiUM. Head long ; body irregularly, densely punctured. Moxotojia. The type of Phj'conomus is Moiwloma marimim Lee. ;* it is found in California, under decaying kelp on tiie sea-sliore. ^'omophlueus is founded on iV. pnllipi'nnin Lee., a small red- dish-brown insect, 11 inch long, found in Penn.sylvania. Tht; elytra are pale, with the suture and lip dusky. The head and thorax are sparsely punctured ; the latter is quadrate, scarcely serrate on the sides, with a broad smooth dorsal vitta, limited behind by a curved impression. Hesperobcenus contains Monotovm rufipenne Lec.f from Cali- fornia, and a nondescript from the Atlantic States. lihizophagus capita Faircmaire, from Honolulu, also belougs to it. Bactridiura comprises Rhizophagas nanus Er. from the Atlan- tic States, and Monotonia atriatum Lee. if from the Colorado Desert, Fam. xvil— trogositidae. Mentum transverse, subquadrate; ligula small, corneous. MaxilliB with two lobes, the inner one sometimes very small; palpi short, 4-jointed. Eyes usually renitbrm (divided in some foreign genera). Antennae inserted under the frontal margin, 11-jointed, rarely 10-jointed (in some foreign genera); the last three joints widened, forming a loose club, of varied form. * Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philad., 1858, p. 64. t IWd., p. G4. X lljid., p. 05. TllOOOSITinAE. Prothorax not passing over tho base of the elytra ; side pieces not distinct; cuxal cavities closed in the lirst and tfiird sub-fiiinilies, usually o[)eu behind in thesecoud; pro- sternum separating the coxaj (except in Peltastiea). ^[esosteruum separating the coxa3, side pieces extending to the coxa?. Metasternum emarginato behind, for junction with the first ventral segment ; side pieces long, narrow ; epimera not visiVjle. Elytra never truncate, always covering tho abdomen. Abdomen with live Tree ventral segments. Anterior coxio transverse, separated, and not prominent (except in Peliustiea); middle and posterior ones transverse, llut (except in Peltastiea), the Ibrmer separated, the latter rarely contiguous. Legs moderate; tarsi 5jointed, not dilated; joints 1 — 4 with a brush of hair beneath ; first joint very siiort, second usually slightly elongated, last joint very long; claws simple, with a broad, but short bisetose onychium. The insects of this family were classed by Erichson with Nlti- dulidie, but, as very properly observed by Lacordalro, although the characters arc mostly the same as in tliat family, the dirt'eront plan of structure in the maxilla) and tarsi is suflicient to mark them as a distinct family. The species live under bark; but some Trogosita; arc found in houses, living on grain, by tlie transportation of which they have been distributed over the entire globe. Of the fi^ur recognized tribes of this family but two are found in our fauna; I consider them as indieatuig sub-families, and I have added a third for the anomalous genus Peltastiea. Anterior coxse sepcarate, not prominent ; Internal lo])e of the m.ixill.B unarmed. Trohomtip^. Internal lobe of the maxillse armed with a corneous hook. Peltid/i;. Anterior coxjb prominent, contiguous. Peltasticiu*. Sub-Family I.— TROGOSITIDAE (genuini). Elongate insects, having the thorax narrowed posteriorly, and somewhat distant from the elytra; the cpistome is trisinuate or emarginate in front ; the last three joints of the antenna) form a loose club, usually dentate internally; they are 11-joiuted, except ■■■,-,< ■>';i>V'*''j •;;*•<■■' sm «<* l! m m i \ i I % m (;OI,E(»I'TERA OP NORTH AMKUICA. ill two foreign Hpccics of Nemosoiua. The anterior coxflc arc entirely enclosed. Eyes rounded. Nkmosoma. Eyes trniisvtTHO ; Ligulfi Itilobed, tibino not spinous, anterior angles of thorax not prominent. TkmN()<'H11.A. LIguIn Itilobed, til)ia> npinous. Ai.induia. Ligula entire, tibiie not Hpinous, anterior angles of thorax prominent. Tkooosita. Trogosita and Tcmnoehila are represented on both sides of tlio continent; tlie other two genera only in the Atlantic district. Sub-Family II.— PKLTIDAE. Oval, flattened, or rounded convex insects, having always a flattened margin; the front is truncate; the lust three joints of the antennie form a loose perfoliate club. The anterior coxal cavities are open behind, except in Xosodes. Mentuin transverse, emarginato ; antennal grooves feehlo ; Anterior coxal cavitit.^ closed; tibiie without terminal liooks. Nosodes. Anterior coxal cavities open ; anterior tibiie with a terminal hook. rKLTIS. Mentum minute, oval ; antennal grooves deep ; Anterior coxal cavities widely open ; tibiie without terminal hooks. TUYMAI.CS. The species of the first and second genera are flattened ; the elytra are striate, with square punctures, in the first tubereulate, in the second with the sides of the body serrate; the third genus is convex, with the elytra irregularly punctured. Sub-Family III.— PELTASTICIDAE. Pcltastica tuherculata Mann., a small oval pale-brown insect found in Russian America, presents so many anomalies, that it is doubtful to what family it properly appertains. I have placed it in the present, as a sub-family in preference to establishing for it a separate family ; which is, indeed, the only other course prac- ticable, unless it be received as a sub-family of Silphidte. The form is oval, with depressed margins, like a miniature Pel- tis. The body is coarsely punctured, and the elytra are marked with four rows of small black tubercles, separated by pale spots. K COLYDIIDAE. 80 The niftxillic aro not soon in my specimens. Tlic antenniv are U-jointed, witii :t-Joiiito(l eliib; uutcnual giuuves tjUorl; the tVunt trnncate, sides widely diluted. *. The untericn* euxie ure transverse, but prominent nnd eontipn- ons; the ■■ m Fam. XVIII.— col YDII DAE. Mentum subquadrnte, rarely covering the base of the max- illae: ligula corneous ; palpi 3-Jointed, short. Maxiliio with two lobes; palpi short, 4-jointe(l. Antennte inserted under the margin of the front, 10- or lljointed, rarely 8-jointed, sometimes gradually thickened, usually terminated by a small sudden club. Prothorax with the side pieces not distinct; anterior coxal cavities almost always closed behind, sometimes distant, sometimes confluent; presternum scarcely ever prolonged behind the coxse. Mesosternum small, side pieces not attaining the coxa?, Metasternum large; side pieces long, narrow ; epiraera not visible. Elytra never truncate, always covering the abdomen. Abdomen with five ventral segments, the three or four anterior ones more or less connate. Anterior and middle coxa) small, globular, not prominent; posterior transverse, either distant or contiguous, not promi- nent. Legs short; tibias not dilated; terminal spurs usually small, frequently indistinct; tarsi 4-jointed, not dilated; un- gues simple. Small insects, usually of an elongate or cylindrical form, living under the bark of trees, in fungi, or in the earth. The small globular anterior and middle coxa;, and the 4-jointed simple tar;i, will enable them to be readily distinguished from any of the neighboring families. i*:id'T:i>h.yi. ■.■;.; ■ .i: V':. -J ■■:,.■•:. r>3 '^■%' ■■■Vt«'. mm ^m •V COLEfHTEHA OF NOUTII AMKIllCA. Five tribes, estahlishcd by Kricbson, and all represented in onr fnuna, coiislitutu this family : — I. I'oMtttrior coxfD contiKiiouH ; Ventrnl Mt-ginents eqiittl in leni?th. Sy.n(;iiiti"«i. Fii'Mt viiiitriil HH^'munt tilongattid. Culvijiim. II. I'OHturlor ciixm (llstftnt ; LiiHt joint of pnlpi not nciculnr ; FliHt vcntrui Hepnmiit i'ionj,'ate(l. BoTiiKinEnisi. Vfiitrnl Ht'giiD'iitH ('({uul in longtli. I'ycnomkki.m. Last Joint uf palpi small, ucicular. C'EnYLi.M. 'iHt:'^ liter 5« Trlbo I.-9YXCIIITI!VI. Most of the species of this tril)c nro reniarknbk' for being cov<'r(Ml witli usperities, usniilly bonrinj^ erect l)ri,stli's; tlu' foriu is sonu'liinds elongiite, but frecpiontly oval, rosenil»liii|r Pcltis. I;i our genenv the first three tarsal joints are nearly ecjuul, and the tibiaj have no terminal spurs, or only very small ones. A. Til)iiL' filiform, not spinous, witliout terminal (spurs ; a. Auteniim not retractile undor the head, 11-joiuted (hod/ elungnto, C'ostate) ; AntenniD thick, perfoliate; eyes very narrow, remoto from tlie margin of the head. Amiiomma. Autcnnw moderate ; eyes ronnd, lateral. Riiaoodkua. b. Antenn.'P received in grooves under tiie head ; I'rosternum not produced behind; antennio with "-jointed club; nnteiuial grooves short. Coxelus. B. Tibifo filiform, not spinous, with small terminal spurs ; a. Antenuie 11-jointed, with 2-jointed cluli; Antennal grooves wanting ; first and second joints of antennre dis- tinctly thicker ; body costate. Ditoma. 6. Antenna; 10-jointed, club solid; Antennal grooves wanting. Synchita. Antennal grooves distinct, subparallel. Ciconks. C. Tibiaj slightly tliickened, with small tfrminal spurs, and a few small spines at the extremity ; antenna) 11-jointod, with 3-jointed club ; (body costate) Lasconotcs. Tribe II.— COLYDIISfl. Species having a cylindrical, sometimes very slender, form ; found uiffler bark. The European genus Aglenus has no eyes, but in all of ours the eyes arc distinct. The elytra arc striate, rarely ribbed. The first joint of the tarsi is elongate in all of our [M coi.vnnn.xE. 91 froiiora, except Oxyliriuus. in wliich ulso llio uiitcrior ooxal cuvi- lifs iii't' open l)oliiii(l. A. Frontal iiinrKin liruml, covoritiK tlie iiiMertion of tii of luitciiiiii* ;)-J<>iiit<'il ; (tliorax with iiiipn-Hro'il liio's) ; Antxrior til>i)i< with oiio Hpur uiilaigtMl, luiokud ; el^trn tlii*>ly or Hoaroi'ly Htriate. Aci.o.mi'm. AiittM'ior til)ia> with Hinnll H])nr!t; «>lytra rihbed. Coi.yiiicm. Chill of aiitiMiniu 2-joiiitticl ; body costati'. Eulaiiil')*. D. Frontal inar);iii nut ililat<>(1 ; basu of antt-nnic exposed; Antt-rior t'oxiu distant ; liyes Hat ; hjhith of tliu tihim small, outer angle jirolongcd ; (elytra striate, body very elongate). Nkmatihium Anterior coxie contiguon-t ; First joint of tarsi long ; club of antennto with two distinet joints ; (elytra eostate). ri,KfHii)ii'M. First joint of tarsi short ; clnh of antenn.'o globular, connioseil of two couuulo joints ; elytra couriecies are soincwlint flattened, and the elytra are ribbed ; the buccal cavity is deep, and the oral organs are retracted; the montuni is transverse and concave, and the inferior nuirgin of tlie mandibles is dilated at the base; the eyes are not prominent; the antennas are shorl, U-jointed, with the club 2-jointed. Two species of Bothrideres are known to me. The genus is distinguished by the anterior coxa) being very widely separated. Tribo IV.— PYCIVOIWERIIVI. Elongate, somewhat flattened species, covered with coarse punc- tures, having on the elytra rows of very large punctures. The palpi are cylindrical, and the posterior coxic, as in tho preceding tribe, are distant, but the ventral segments are equal in length. AntennoB with eleven disthict joints, club 2-iointed. ENDErTic. Antennce with ten apparent joints, club solid. PvL-.\oMEKri«. Endectus contains Li/cfuH hapmafoda^ Fabr. and L. rrflcm^ Say, previously enrolled in Pycnomerus, and one nondescript; of the latter genus but one species is kuowu to me. They are all from the Atlantic States. iti i& ii Mm ■\'W ''<■■■* '■■ mm ' V. ':.\^<--'' .•'^•; ,. ; *C ; ^ -'• it M ■< v-;j 1)2 ^ and slender. Auli'iiu.i' 1 l-ioiuti' '-"^ 'PfV' ^[entum very larp^o, qundrate, Msinuato in front, covering entirely tlie month beneath ; ])alpi sliort, o-jointed. MaxilliU with two small lobes; pulpi short, 'ijointed. Antenme insorted under the frontal miiri^in, ll-jointed, j',>ints nearly enual, rounded, the first larger, biit also roundud, Prothorax boneath with the side pieees distinct, the sutnro running parallel with the lateral margin ; coxal cavities closed behind, widely separated. i\[esosternuni very short, side pieces diagonally divided, opiniera reaching the coxa>. Mctastcrmim very large; side pieces very narrow, almost coneealeil by the elytra. Klytra rounded at tij), covering the abdomen, with six or seven deep farrows, or n>ws of jiunetures; scutelluii^ wanting. Abdomen with six ventral segments; the Hrst visible only betveen the cox;e, broadly triangular; the three anterior ones closely connate. Anterior coxivs small, globular, not prominent; middle coxa^ globular, small ; jiosterior coxic small, subtriangular, prominent internally, all of them widely separated. Legs short; anterior tibia? somewhat dilated, terminated by two hooks, on the under surface snlcato towards the tip, siibemarginate, and armed above the tip with a spine; middle and posterior tibiic with an internal terminal spine, spurs ilij'inet; tarsi 5-jointed, very slightly pubescent beneath; posterior trochanters prominent, oval. Two genera, of sinprnlar form, found under bark, constitute this family, whieh in several of its characters resembles the Caral)ida', but yet not so as to belong to the same scries. The auteuua) are CtJCl'JII>.\F.. «).•{ cnmpoKcil of ofprnl Riohuliir Joints; llio IkmkI is strfitifrly nui- Ktriflt'd lit'liiiiil iiilo a iii'ck, itml is sfulpliircd willi Iwu (|(i>ji grooves, coiiviTj^iiii^ ItcliiiKl; tli<' lliorax is loii^, has llircc ciitiri' grooves, and two sliort posterior liromler ones (Olinidiuin), or threes deep eiitirci ones, and two liner liilerai lines ( llliyshode. ) ; the eiylni are deeply grooved in Clinidiiini, eourseiy Ktriato-pune- tale in Khyssodes. Kves latiT.il, loumlcd, (IJMliiictly (^rniiiiliitcii. Kiiyhhodkm, liyM MUiiuiior, niinuw, scarcely gninuhitod (HotnotinicH wantiii);';- Cl.lMDIIM. ..'##5 iV0 ■:.' .'^•■''<%| J* ,■ * ■ ■ ' ' - Fam.XX.— CUCUJIDAE. Montnm small, subquadrato, UHnally transverse; lignla conicoMM, prominent; ])alpi short, ;> jointed. Maxillae with two lohes; palpi 4-jointtj(l. AnteiMiie inserted at the inarj^in of the front, lljointed, sometimes long and slender, sometimes with the outer joints slightly enlarg'.'d, the first joint usually elongated. i'rothorax with the side piijees not se[)arate from the upper piece; coxal cavities separated by tin; prosternum, widciv ()[>en behind, with a fissure externally leading to the epistii- iial suture in the second and third sub-families, entirely clos(!d in the first, fourth, and fifth. Mososternum modenite; epimera reaching the coxie. Metasternum large, quadrate; episterna long, narrow, co- vered. Klytra rounded at tip and covering the abdomen, except in the fourth sub-lamijy; usually flat, strongly margined.; sen tell um distinct. Abdotnen with five free ventral segments, equal in length. Anterior cox:e small, globular, not promitient; midill.! coxic small, subtriangular, not f)r(;niinent; ))ostorior coXcd nearly contiguous, transverse, slightly prominent. Legs moderate, tibia? slender, with two small terminal spurs; tarsi with the first joint usually small, sometimes ij- jointed in both sexes; the posterior tarsi sometimes -i jointed in the males. The species which constitute this family are, with one exception (Narthccius), very depressed, and usually of an elongate form. They live under bark. i;i?t;.',-: I' :M^k'M^ % I • ■ • '•■. '. I' '^: . •.? "f 4 ^'^■:-i^-' h:M^' ■ia&- '- "! mWa - > mm J*^K ' "l^K^t ^V ' i^ 0'. ^V' ■^(^?^ .■ W^ u^:: 94 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, Monotoraa, included iu this family by Duval, should never liave liad a place in it. This family divides into five sub-families, of which the second is considered by l)u Val as forming a distinct family. The solo character, the concealment of the maxillue by corneous plates, does not appear of sufficient importance to warrant such a conclusion, and I therefore follow the example of Erichsou and Lacordaire in considering it as a member of the present family. Anterior coxal cavities closed bebiud ; tarsi not lob«d beneath, ^rith tlie fourth joint small. Silvamd^. Anterior coxal cavities open behind ; Maxilla* covered by corneous plates. Passasdrip.*. Maxillfe exposed. Cl'cimid^. Anterior coxiil cavities closed behind ; tarsi with the third joint lobed ; Fourth tar.'^al joint not smaller than the third. HEMii'KrLiD*. Fourth tarsal joint very small. Telepuanid^. Sub-Family I.— SYLVAXIDAE. In this sub-family arc contained but two genera, having the genaj prominent and acute ; the antennaj with the first joint not elongated, and the outer ones enlarged ; the anterior coxal cavi- ties are broadly closed behind, and the tarsi, 5-jointed in both sexes, have the fourth joint small. The genera are two in number, and the specios, which arc of small size, are found under bark or in grain. Auteniiie with the joints 9 — 11 somewhat suddenly larger. Sylvanus. Autennce with outer joints gradually enlarged. Nausiiuuh. The type and only species of the last genus is N. dentatus, having several large teeth on the sides of the thorax. It has been difl'used over the whole globe iu articles of commerce. Sub-Family II.— PASSANDRIDAE. This sub-family is represented in the United States by a single species, Catogenus riifus, of very variable size, found in the Mid- dle, Southern, and Western States. It is dark-brown, elongate, depressed ; the elytra are striate, and the antenna? moderately thick; the tarsi are 5-jointed in both sexes; the anterior coxal cavities are open behind ; the genaj are prolonged into plates ooverinff the maxilla;. iplc CUCLJIUAE. 95 Sub-Family III.— CUCUJIDAE (gcnuini). In this sub-family the anterior coxa) cavities are open behind, and the base of the maxilhc is exposed. The tarsi are liliform, either 5-jointed, or with the hind ones of the males 4-jointed. Two tribes are indicated by our genera : — Antt'iinfB with the first joint moderate. Cccimim. Autuuna) with the first joiut elongated. Bko.nti.m. Tribe I.— ClICUJIIVI. The typical' genus Cucujus is represented in our country by two species. They are bright scarlet-colored, depre.-i are somewhat dilated, and the fourth joint is not smaller than the third, and is slightly lobed beneath; the hind tarsi (of the males alone ?) arc 4-jointed. The I)ody is very elongated, linear, and depressed ; the head is narrowed behind the eyes, which are large. The thorax in our species is somewhat najrowed behind, with a large puncture each side, near the base ; the antennas are a little longer than the head and thorax, very slightly thickened at the extremity, with the first joint as long as the three fdllow- ing; the maxillaj are not covered, and the genai are but slightly prominent. Ilemipcplus marginipennis, the only representative in our fauna, is a very rare insect, found under bark in the Southern States. I.'; .< '.'F- ^\ '■■■ I: W. ' Sub-Family T.— TELEPHAXIDAE. In this sub-family the anterior coxal cavities are broadly closed behind, as in the first sul)-faniily, but the third joint of the tarsi is lobed beneath; the maxilhe are exposed, and the gente but slightly prominent. The genus Telephanus is found under stones ; of Pseudophanus the habits are not known. Our two genera, each containing a single species, represent two tribes : — Antennae with the first joint elongated. Telephaniki. Autenuio with the fir.st joint short. P.sEri>oi»iiANiNi. Tel('j)hanus velox (Heterodromia vclox ITald.) is found in the Atlantic district; Pseudophanus svjnatus Lee. in Oregon. Fam.XXI.— CRYPTOPIIAGIDAE. Mentum moderate, trapezoidal, sinuate in front; ligula corneous, usually with distinct paraglossoi; labial palpi short, 3-jointed. Maxillaa exposed at the base, with two coriaceous lobes, ''-m ;.:^i!i the CnYPTOPIIAOIPAE. 9T the inner one with a terminal hook ; maxillary palpi 4jointed, short. Eyea rounded, moderately strongly granulated. Antennaj 11-jointed, with the joints U — 11 larger, forming a club. Head usually moderate in size, not narrowed behind, front sometimes moderately prolonged; labrum distinct, transverse. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate; prDsteriiiim separating the coxic, usually prolonged behind; cuxal cavi- ties open behind. MesoHternum articulating with the prosternum, frequently emarginate in front; side pieces not attaining the cox;e, Metasternum large, side pieces narrow. Elytra rounded behind, entirely covering the abdomen. Abilomen with five free ventral segments, the lirst some- what longer than the others. Coxtc, anterior oval or rounded; middle ones rounded; posterior ones transverse; all of them separated by the re- spective sterna. Legs short ; tibiae nearly linear, with small terminal spurs ; tarsi sometimes 5-jointed, with the fourth joint sniallor; the hind ones are only 4-jointed in the males of several genera; the joints are clothed beneath with long hair, and the first three of the anterior pair are frequently dilated in the male. Insects of small size and of variable form, but never very de- pressed, and with the thorax nearly or quite us wide as the elytra. They live on fungi aud other decomposing vegetable matters. Some arc found flying in the evening twilight, and upon board- piles. I have limited this family in the same manner as Lacordairc, and cannot adopt the views of Duval, who has joined with it Syl- vanus, and excluded Telmatophilus. I do not find the anterior coxa) globose, as described by Erichson, Lacordairc, and Duval, except in Atomaria and the allied genus Epistemus. The characters of the family are nearly tliose of Ciicujida-, but the greater lengtli of the first ventral segment, and dillerent form of body, enable the genera to be readily distinguished. Three tribes are indicated as follows : — Tarsi with fourth joint very small, the secoud and third lobcd. TKLMATOPniLINI. Tarsi with the joints not lobed heneath ; Antentisc inserted at the sides of the front. CnyPTorrrAoiNi. Antennso inserted at the anterior part of the front. Atomauiim. • ■■-■•-At-''" i f^:^.!. ■■,-"t: /S ii ■ 1 ^. ■ ' ■.>■•■ •« ■■ ' ' -. ,f ■■ .^■,f- • * ■■■-'{ M,.;^?-- '.'■■ ■■•a 98 COLEOI'TEllA OF NORTH AMKUICA. Tribe I.-TELMATOPHILIIVI. The antennae are inserted at the sides of the front, which is narrowed and prolonged ; the clypeal suture is not visible ; the anterior coxie are slightly oval; the prosternum is prolonged, meeting the concave mesosternura. The tarsi arc 5-jointed in both sexes, the fourth joint is very small, and the third is pro- longed beneath into a lobe ; the second joint is slightly lobed. Telmatophilus, and a new genus, constitute this tribe ; the species are found on plants near water. One species of each genus is known to me from the Atlantic district ; they are found on plants near water. Lobcrus resembles, at first sight, a small Ilaltica of the group Crepidodera; the color is shining black, the thorax but sparsely punctured, with a transverse impression very near the base ; the elytra have striaj of line punctures, from which proceed very short fine hairs. The genera are thus distinguished : — Ninth joint of antennae scarcely wider than the eighth ; body densely punc- tured and pubescent. Telmatophilus. Ninth joint of antenna? as wide as the tentli ; body scarcely pubescent ; ely- tra with striae of punctures. Lobekus, Tribe II.— CRYPTOPHAGIIVI (genuini). The antenna; are inserted at the sides of the front, which is sometimes prolonged ; the ninth joint of the antenna; is scarcely narrower than the tenth. The anterior coxa? are decidedly trans- verse. The tarsi are sometimes 6-jointed in both sexes, but usually the hind tarsi of the male are 4-jointed ; the joints are not lobed beneath, and the fourth is but little smaller than the third. The anterior tarsi of the males are slightly dilated, and hairy beneath. Tivo groups are known by the following characters : — Mesosternum deeply emargiuate, receiving the prosternum. ANTHEROPnAOI. Mesosternum not emargiuate. Chvftophagi. Group I.— Antherophagi. The genus Antherophagus alone, represented by one species in .le Atlantic district, and one in Russian America, constitutes this group, which differs from the next not only by the prosternum CRYPTOPIIAOIDAE. 99 ■■^V being more prolonged, with the tip received into the dccjily t'liiargiuatc niesostunuiui, but by the very tlifl'ereut form ol" the body, which is oval, and resembles cousiderubly a Nitidulidc of the genus Epuriea. The head is flat, the front not prolonged, and in the male is deeply incised at tij), exposing a membranous triangular epistouui. The antennas of tlie female are olul)ljed, aa usual; those of the male are stout, and scarcely thickened at the end. The mandiltles are promhient, and suddenly incurved at the tip. The hind tarsi of the male are 4-jointed. The genus lives on flowers. Our species is finely punctured, and densely clothed with fulvous hair. Group II.— Cryptophagl. Small insects, of an elongated form, living in decomposing vegetable matter ; usually of a brown color, and clothed with rather coarse hair. The sides of the thora.v are usually toothed. The prosternum is slightly prolonged, but the mcsosternura is not emarginate for its reception. The antenna; and front are alike in both sexes, and the latter is somewhat prolonged. The posterior tarsi of the male of Cryptopliagus have but four joints; in Paramecosoma and Tomarus the tarsi are 5-jointed in both sexes. Body pubescent ; sides of the thorax toothed or serrate ; Meutum with an ohtusf emarginate medial tooth. Ckyptopiimius. Mentum with an acute medial tooth. Pabameco.soma. Body glabrous ; sides of the thorax smooth. Tomakus. The two first-mentioned genera are represented in every por- tion of our territory; the third only in the Atlantic district, and resembles in appearance Atomaria, but difters from it by the insertion of the antennic, and the absence of pubescence. Tribe III.— ATOMARII]*!. The antennae are inserted between the eyes, at the anterior part of the front, and are usually very closely approximated. The mentum is tridentate in front. The anterior coxae are rounded. The tarsi are 5-jointed in both .sexes, and not lobed beneath; the fourth joint is smaller than the third. The species are of very small size, and are found flying in the evening, and about wood- piles. The two groups of Atomaria recognized by previous ■ •"" ■■•■ 't^'. .:;tf, -.■■4 '•'{.•;'■•:; . ■.:'• ' '. ■■■; ■ k« I i.i, • f.v >n^^^ r, 'j'i- ■r;, . */,■■• ■ ■• . 'A V >-;,-f v-V- ..'.■[ m 100 COLEOI'TERA OF NORTH AMKRICA. authors seem, from the form of tlie body unci difTorcnoc in posi- tion of the antenna), almost outilled to rank as distinct genera. Body pubescent ; antenna) very approximate, or Komewhat distant. Atomaria. Body ovate, convex, glabrous ; antenna- somewhat distant. Ei'isteml's. :,tf ' :■■'■., ri^.r;u^/ ■■■■. Fam. XXII.— DERODONTIDAE. Mentum small, trapezoidal ; ligula corneous, with distinct paraglossoe; labial palpi 3-jointed, with the last joint oval. Maxilla) exposed at the base ; inner lobe corneous, hooked at the end, and ciliate near the tip; outer lobe equal in size, ciliate at tip; maxillary palpi 4-joiDted, cylindrical, last joint elongate oval. Head suddenly but not strongly constricted behind; eyes small, rounded, prominent, finely granulated; labruin trans- verse, rounded, separated from the front by a transverse membranous epistoma; mandibles short, curved, acute, with a tooth very near the apex. Antennas inserted before the eyes, upon the sides of the front, 11 jointed, first and second joints thicker than the fol- lowing, 9 — 11 not suddenly larger. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate, the margin strongly toothed; coxal cavities confluent, closed l)ehind. Mesosternum short, scarcely separating the middle coxae; side pieces diagonally divided. Metasteruum large, side pieces narrow. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen, with ten rows of large quadrate punctures, besides a marginal series and a short one near the scutellum. Abdomen with five free equal ventral segments. Coxa3, anterior, transverse, conical, prominent, contiguous; middle, oval, oblique, slightly prominent; posterior, trans- Verse, slightly separated, dilated internally, forming a small plate, which protects the insertion of the thigh. Legs moderate; tibiae not dilated, with small terminal spurs; tarsi 5-jointed, clothed beneath with long hairs, the fourth joint somewhat smaller than the preceding; clawa simple. This family contains only the genus Derodontus, represented by two species — Cryplophagus maculatus Mels., from the At- LATIIRinilDAE. 101 lantic district, and Corticaria Irinvjnafa Mann., from Russian America. Tlie form of tlio anterior and jtostcrior coxai distinguishes it from all the preceding families, and approximates it somewhat to iho families following the Elateridie. The two species are snnUi, testaceous, or brown, coarsely punc- tured insects, having the head deeply impressed, with a small smooth tubercle each side inside of the eye, which at first sight resembles a largo ocellus. The thorax is comparatively small, channelled, and its lateral margin is strongly toothed; the elytra are wider than the thora.x, with striie composed of large punc- tures, and are variegated with darker spots. .... . , t • t;' ;r ''I • C ■ •■ .•■ ■' ■ -W' ■■,., s- ¥-■,,•* ■!>■''■ ■ ^ :. iWA'' • : ''■* ' it' >.';•.'. ■ ■ -.pi •■• ■, ■ *•.'■■ '. ' ',#•',"■.■■ ■'* >'>;•' .'.,■■■ - ■ ■' linal the aw 3 Fam. XXIII.— LATHRIDIIDAE. Mentum large, transverse ; ligula indistinct; labial palpi short, with two or three joints; second joint large, rounded. Maxilla) with two lobes; palpi 4-jointed, last joint large. Antennte inserted in front of the eyes in our genera, 9 — 11-jointed, the first and second joints thicker than the third, the outer ones enlarged. Front with clypeal suture distinct; labrum short, covering the small, not prominent mandibles. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate; prosternum more or less visible between the coxrie ; coxal cavities entire ; mesosternum separating the middle coxae; metasternum mo- derate, side pieces narrow. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, not remarkably differing in length. Anterior coxic conical, prominent, more or less separated ; middle ones separate, rounded; posterior coxos transverse, widely separated. Legs moderate ; tibia) slender, without terminal spurs ; tarsi 3-jointed, the third joint equal in length to the other two, with small simple claws. Insects of very small size, found flying in twilight, and also under bark and stones; they are of graceful form, the elytra being usually wider than the thorax; the species of I3onvouloiria and most Latliridius are very remarkably sculptured, with elevated lines on the thorax. .1" ) ■ ■-■^•'^ '-'!■;' • ■'♦•'.■ :■ , . ■^^-v . ■ .. ■i.:'> ..... ..J.„, i ■•' , ' * k... ^* i ' • * ;< '••'1 ;;^;s^'; ■•H ■■ '^Ih'.H- ..:! -■• ■"»;>•.: ■ .'. *' ': : ' 1 :;^ ■ - ' V » . ■ ' ■ .. " * i '■■ r *, \-'^i-';' .■M'^r #- -.it . ' .•.■'■«-■'• r^i r- -1 . '-' ' .-Hvl ■ 'i ' ► * .'• ' •K i^i^ .,.'.'■1 'm^ ^'i ^itl 102 COLEOPTERA OF NOUTU AMKntCA. Mi *1 The gonus Monotonia, introduood into this fiimily by ninny authors, does not belong to it, and will be fiiuii• <■■ .•'.^:■. ..■ • Ji .. .,!.■■■ ■Li,. 0 ■«»' : H)i CULKOl'TKUA OF NOllTll AMKllICA. Homcwiuit the outliiiu of certuin Motiotomidii!, espcciully IMiyco- iiumtis. Fam. XXV.— MYCETOPIIACiIDAE. 'im i n I; Montum transverse, trapezoidal ; ligula usually corneous, witlidut i)!iraj,'l()Hsiu ; labial palpi 8jniiit(!(l. Maxilla! with two lobes, ciliate at the extremity; maxillary palpi 4-joiiite(l. Eyes tolerably large, transverse or rounded, strongly gran- ulated. Antenna) inserted immediately in front of the eyes, 11- jointed, the outer joints gradually or suddenly enlarged. Head short; frontal suture distinct in the first sub- family, wanting in the second; labrum short, covering the mandibles, which are short, acute, and not prominent. Prothorax with the siilo pieces not separate, as wide as the elytra at the base; anterior coxal cavities open behind in the first snb-1'amily, closed in the second. Mesosternum narrowly sej)arating the middle coxo9. Metasternum moderate, side pieces narrow. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen, rounded at tip. Abdomen with five free and equal ventral segments. Coxto, anterior oval, rounded, somewhat prominent; middle rounded; posterior transverse, not contiguous. Legs slender; tibiie nearly linear, with small terminal spurs; tarsi filiform, 4-jointed in the first sub-family, in which the anterior ones of the male have but three joints; lobed beneath, and 5-jointed, with the fourth joint small, in the second sub-family; ungues simple. The insects of this family live on fungi and under bark. They are oval, rarely elongate, slightly convex, densely punctured, and hairy. Many have the elytra handsomely variegated with spots. Tarsi filifonn, 4-jointeii. Tarsi lobed beneath, 5-joiuted. MycKT()PiiAoii);E. DirUMLUDJB. Sub-Family I.— MYCETOPHAGIDAE (gcnuini). The species of this sub-family are finely punctured insects, clothed with prostrate hair. The anterior coxal cavities are open ; the tarsi are 4-jointed and fUiform, the anterior pair in the I pi KEHMKHTIDAK. 105 nialo liiiviiif^ Inif lluvc joints. The froatul suture is always dis- tinct, and usually drcp. Our genera ure ; — Eyt'H tinnsvorHf ; Aiitt'iiiiiii ^;iailiiiilly cnlfirKod nxtcnmlly. MvcKTopiiAiirB. AnttMin.i' Willi jdiiit.H ',(--11 siiildi'iily larger. TkU'iiyi.lui). Eyus ronndt'il ; aiiteiniiu with Joints !t— 11 siultlonly largor; ('ivpi-al siituff not tli't'ply iniiirossod. LiTAUnra. Clyi)i!,il stitiiit) (Ict'i). 'I'vi'ii.KA. KyoH loiindetl ; antt'unie with Joints 10 — 11 suddenly larger. ]5i;ii(iiM's. Mycetophiif^us and liitarjifus are f^enerally dill'iiscd; 'J'li/ifura fumnld has Itccn iinpurtcd l(y cMjinnu'rce, and is Inund in hmiscs; Trijilii/lliix rKjironiiti Mels. i.s iuuiid in the Atlantic district. Bcrgiuus occurs in I'onusylvauiu. Sub-Family II.— PirilYLLIDAE. This sub-family contains a very small number of species, agree- ing in form with those of the preceding sub-family, but coarsely jmnetured, with les8 fine and less prostrate })ubescenec. The anterior coxal cavities are closed. The tarsi are r)-Jointed, but the fourth j(Mnt is small, and the third prolonged beneath, form- ing a memljranous lobe. The genus Diphyllus has but the tenth and eleventh joints of the antenmu eidarged, and has not yet occurred in our fauna. Our genera have the club of the antenna) 3-jointed, and are known as follows : — Thorax without elevated lines. Marointb. Thornx with two fiuo longitudinal lines near the sides. Dii'Locasi.ua. The last joint of the antennse is somewhat narrower than the tenth in Marginus, and is of the same breadth in Diplocadus. They are each represented by one species in the Atlantic States. I found a species of either Diplococlus or Diphyllus in Arizona, but the specimen has been lost. ■■■; ■!" • •?.» t '. 'f}'. il:-| Wm it i^V' JW-' ■'■■ .« V < It ' #e->:- Fam. XXVI.— dermestidae. Mentum quadrate, usually corneous ; ligula simple ; palpi short, 3-jointed. ..r^J^^:v>C3l lOG COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. I it Maxilire with the base exposed, with two lobes of variable form ; palpi small, slender, 4-jointed. Antenna) inserted in front of the eyes, usually 11-jointed, variable in Anthrenus, 9-jointed in Dearthrus, and 10-jointed in certain foreign ger vTa, with the last three joints forming a large club. Head small deflexed; epistoma very short, coriaceous; labrum distinct; mandibles short; eyes rounded, front usu- ally with a single ocellus or simple lens. Prothorax short, with the side pieces not separate, some- times excavated beneath for the reception of the antennae; coxal cavities large, transverse, closed behind by the meso- sternum, except in Byturus; prostamum prolonged behind, except in Dermestes and Byturus, ^.nd usually lobed in front. Mesosternum prominent, rounded or subacute in front in Dermestes, emarginate in the others ; side pieces attaining the coxoo. Metasternum short, truncate in front ; side pieces wide. Elytra covering the abdomen, not striate; epipleuraj obso- lete behind. Abdomen with five free ventral segments. Anterior coxse conical, prominent, with small trochantin ; middle coxae oval, oblique, excavated externally, with large trochantin, usually distant; posterior slightly separated, transverse, not extending to the margin of the body (except in Orphilus), dilated into a plate partly protectin, he thighs, which is, however, almost obsolete in Byturus. Legs short, somewhat contractile ; tibias with distinct spurs ; tarsi 5-jointed, joints 1 — 4 short, usually equal, fifth longer; claws simple in the second sub-family, toothed in Byturida?. This family comprises small oral insects, some of which are found on dried animal remains, others only on plants. Several of them are very destructive to furs and objects of natural history. The genera indicate two sub-families : — Tarsi with second smd third joints lobed beneath. BTTcniniB. Tarsi simple. Dekmestid^. Sub-Family I.— BYTFRIDAE. This sub-family consists of a single genus, Byturus, represented by one species from the Atlantic district and one from the Pacific. It departs remarkably from the next sub-family by tlie mandibles having several teeth, by the tarsi having the second and third DEUMESTIDAE. lOT joiuti? prolonged beneath into a membranous lobe, and the fourth joint small, and by the claws being armed with a large basal tooth; the plate of the hind coxie is very feebly developed. The species are found on flowers. They are small, oval, brown, pu- bescent insects. The prosternum is not lobod in front, and the coxal cavities are narrowly closed behind, and not completed, as in the next sub-family, by the mesosternum. The position of this genus is much disputed. Erich.son placed it in Melyridie, with which it seems to have but small afl'inity; Duval places it in his family Telmatophilida?, which is comi)oscd of heterogeneous elements, having no relation with each other; but by Redtenbacher and Lacordaire it is considered as Ijclong- ing here, though the characters seem to me to warrant its being considered as a separate sub-family. The Chilian gcMuis Dio- dontolobus has the ungues also armed with a tooth, but the de- scription leaves it uncertain whether the place for it is iu this or the next sub-family, Sub-Family II.— DERMESTIDAE (gcnuini). The tarsi are not lobed beneath, the fourth joint is scarcely smaller than the third, and the ungues are simple. The anteriur coxal cavities are widely open behind, and are completed by the mesosternum, which is usually protuberant. The prosternum generally is lobed in front. Four groups are indicated : — No frontal ocellus. Dermestes. Frontal ocellus distinct ; Middle coxfe not very distant ; prosternal fossas obsolete. Attage.vi. Middle coxae widely separated ; Mouth protected by sternum. AxTiiitExi. Mouth protected by anterior legs. Okimiili. ■ mM ■■'«■* '-J:- •■ 1 ■"#■..-- •s- •'?■•■' ■■■ " .51 4',' ( ' :if: Group I. — DermeBtes. The single genus Dermestes constitutes this group. It is repre- sented in every part of our territory by several species. The head is without frontal ocellus; the prosternum is not lobed in front; the cavities for the reception of the antenna) arc large, and placccl at the anterior portion of the sternum ; it is not prolonged belli ml the coxte ; the mesosternum is acute in front, and protuljeraut, so ■■■«>■;•■■>•' • . ♦ ,. J f- • ■■'.•■•. Hi ■ ■■•/■. ^ -.i ;■'. 108 COLEOPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. as to meet the prosternum ; the hind coxae do not attain the sides of the body. The species live on dried animal matter. Group II.— Attagenl. The frontal ocellus is distinct; the cavities for the reception of the antennae are faint; the prosternum is prolonged behind, and its point enters the channelled mesosternum, which is protuberant in Attagv.nus meyatoma, and declivous in the other species, but not very wide ; the middle coxiu are consequently not very widely separated ; the hind coxsb almost attain the sides of the body. The species live on dried animal matter. Our species are two, and in neither is the prosternum lobcd : — Auttinuse 11-jointed; first joint of tarsi short, second longer. Attaoenus. AntenuiB 0-jointed ; first joint of tarsi longer than second. Deaktukus. Dearthrus is founded upon a small, elongate, finely pubescent insect from the Southern and Western States ; the color is black ; the legs are ferruginous. Of Attagenus two species, A. pcUio and A. megatoma, have been introduced from Europe; two others are found in New Mexico. ■ii*v€ Group III. — Anthrenl. In this group the frontal ocellus is distinct; the prosternum is prolonged behind, and fits into the very short and sometimes divided mesosternum; the antennal cavities are very deep and distinctly limited in Anthrenus and Cryptorhopalum, shallow in Trogoderma, and badly defined in Apsectus; the middle coxae are widely separated by the anterior part of the metasternum ; the hind coxae do not attain the sides of the body. The larvae of most of the species feed on dried animal matter, the perfect insects are found in flowers. Our genera are thus separated : — Mesosternum eraarginate or divided ; prosternum pointed behind ; Mandibles and labrum not covered by the prosternum ; Antennal cavities extending along the margin ; body pubescent. TnuGODERHA. Mandibles covered, labrum not covered ; Antennal cavities extending along the margin ; body pubescent. Ckyi'toruopalum. Antennal cavities at the anterior angles ; body clothed with scales. Aktiikencs. BYRKIIIDAE. 109 Mesosternum entire ; prosternuui truncate behind ; body clothed with long erect hairs. Ai-skiti-s. The number of joints of the antennte is variable in Anthrenus. Apsectus has but one species, found in the Atlantic States ; one specimen in my possession was hatchotl from a tumor on a stem of lihioi raiUvans. The other genera are represented on both sides of the continent. The antenme of the males of certain spe- cies of Trogoderma are strongly serrate. Group IV.-OrphiH. This group consists of a single genus, Orphilus, of which one species is found in Europe, one in the Atlantic district, and one in California. The frontal ocellus is distinct; the prosternum is very short, not lobed in front, pointed behind, but not reaching the mesosternura, which is horizontal, rounded in front, and sepa- rates widely the middle coxie; the anterior coxaj are very large and prominent, and, with the anterior legs, serve to protect the under surface of the head; the antennal cavities are deep, but not very sharply defined, and are behind the middle of the thorax ; the hind coxaj extend to the sides of the body; the ventral seg- ■ments gradually diminish in length, and the last is (juite short. The Atlantic species. 0. atcr Er., is dull black, somewhat coarsely punctured; the Californian one, 0. subnilidm Lcc, is shining black, finely punctured, and is somewhat larger than O. Oder. They are found on flowors. mm- ■ » :*\ " ■T- •■ ^i» . ■♦■•■;..■ i*.^ r:r. Fam. XXVII.— BYRHHIDAE. Mentum transverse (except in Nosodendron), corneous; ligula usually prominent, simple. Maxillai exposed at base, with two unarmed lobes. Antennae rarely 10-, usually ll-jointed, the outer joints forming an elongate club in most genera, nearly filiform in Amphieyrta. Head prominent in Nosodendron, retracted in the other genera, with the parts of the mouth more or less protected by the prosternum; epistoma usually wanting, sometimes short, coriaceous, sometimes corneous; labrurii distinct; mandibles short, not prominent. ■.iv: [':'. ■'■■if' ;■* I . ';,■■■ ■ :3l-:- ^., ■: ; ?:• . ' ': •'* . ',*' .' . v'S .. ■,>r-- ,- :;i'j .'■ * *' w ;. /% '.•.•.. ■ '■;4 , ■ ,• " -f. y'm ! ■' g ' ' i . ' ■■■ 1 * • ■;.• V ' ■ »' .■ 1 ; >-^l ••".■ ■ . . -fj .-' • ■ '■■1 i^^ :- m 110 COLEOPTERA OF NOUTU AMERICA. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate ; coxal cavi- ties large, transverse, open behind, separated by the pro- sternum, which is short, truncate in front, slightly prolonged behind, fitting into the mesosternum. Mesosternum small, prominent, emarginate, or excavated; side pieces largely attaining the coxae. Metasternum short, broad; side pieces narrow; epimera not visible. Elytra covering the abdomen; epipleune obsolete behind. Abdomen with five ventral segments, the anterior three subconnate in some genera. Anterior coxae transverse, not prominent, with large tro- chantin ; middle coxae flat, transverse, oval, with large tro- chantin; posterior coxaj subcontiguous, extending to the margin of the body, transverse, dilated into a plate partly protecting the hind thighs. Legs short, stout, retractile ; tibiae dilated, usually sulcate externally for the reception of the tarsi ; tibial spurs distinct; tarsi short, 5jointed, the third joint frequently prolonged into a membranous lobe beneath, last joint nearly £s long as the others united; claws simple. This family comprises three sub-families, as follows : — AntenniB inserted at the side of the head ; Head prominent, mentuni large. Head retracted, mentum small. Anteuuae inserted on the front ; head retracted. NoSODENDRIDiB. BYKKHIDiB. CuELOKABim^. ■i ' •iSi': lit ■ . 'ijyi* ■- ■ ■4^v>■■--*^^^ . Sub-Family I.— NOSODENDRIPAE. But a single genus, Nosodenilron, constitutes this sub-family. It is represented in Europe by one species, and in the Atlantic States l)y another, N. unicolor Say. It is sufiicicntly distin- gui.shed by the large, elongate, semi-elliptical mentum, entirely closing the mouth below, leaving only a very narrow portion of the raaxillie to fill the fissure on each side ; the head is advanced ; the antenna; 11-jointed, situated under the side of the head; the labrura is indistinct; the tarsi not lobed. The insect is less than one-fourth of an inch long, oval, convex, black, densely punctured, and is found under bark of trees. BYIIUUIDAE. Ill Sub-Family II.— BYRRHIDAE (gonuini). In this sub-family the head is retracted; the meiitiim small, quadrate; the base of the maxilla) largely exposed ; the labrum distinct; the anteinue inserted under the sides of the head. I would arrange these genera in three tribes : — Epistoma short, coriaceous ; antenna? 11-jointed. AMPiiicYBTiiri. Epistoma not distinct ; antenn* ckivate, U-jointed. Ihmuii.Ni. Epidtoma corneous, separated hy a line suture ; autenn* lO-jointt-d. L1.MXICUIM. Tribe I— AMPHICYRTIXI. Those arc distinguished by the front being finely margined, and broadly rounded anteriorly, leaving a short coriaceous epistoma, which serves as the base of the labrum. The labrum and mandi- bles are never concealed. The legs are scarcely contractile, and the antenna) arc half the length of the body in Amphicyrta, a genus confined to the Pacific maritime slope. They are found under stones, and arc very convex, ovate, smooth, black bronzed insects, very different in appearance from the other members of the family. Antenune nearly filiform ; third tarsal joint lobed. Ampiiicykta. Antennse gradually but strongly clavato ; Tarsi not retractile. Simpiocaria. Anterior tarsi retractile (third joint of tarsi usually lobed). Pedilophorcs. The tarsi of Amphicyrta are stated by Erichson to be not retractile ; the posterior ones are in effect not retractile in A. chrysomelina, but very distinctly so in A. dentipes. Erichson has substituted the name Morychus for Pedilophorus, on the ground that the latter is not applicable to some of the species. Simplocaria tesselata Lee. is found at Lake Superior; all the other species of the tribe belong to the Pacific slope. Tribe II.— BYKRHIIXI (genuini). Oval or rounded, very convex, dull black or bronzed insects, covered with a fine, easily removed pubescence, forming varied patterns. The head is strongly retracted, and the antenna) arc always . -v* ,r; • ■ I . .... 4«, _-■ ♦K- .■ (•■■•' ■•I m 112 COLF.OI'TERA OP NOUTH AMERICA. 'I \m clavate ; the lubrum is distinct, and fits closely to the front, leav- ing no epistoma. The species arc found under stones ; on the Pacific coast none have occurred south of Oregon. Mandibles concealed by prosternum in repose, labrum visible ; Anterior tarsi retractile. CvTiLca. All the tarsi retractile. Byukhcs. Mandibles, eyes, and labrum concealed in repose. Syncalypta. The species of the last genus have on the upper surface long, clavate, upright bristles. I— Lim^ricHiNi. Very small spec" s, . jc.u on the margin of watercourses, where they burrow in the ground, and emerge when the water is thrown on the banks. A i .. 'vpeal suture divides the front, but, owing to the dense punctuation, i j frecju »!• ty . "arcely visible ; the labrum is distinct; the antenna), inserted, at uie sides of the front, arc only 10-jointcd, and the three outer joints form a club, almost solid in Physenius, feebly defined in Limnichus. The head is strongly retracted in both genera ; the tarsi are free. Eyes, labrum, and mandibles concealed in repose, Limnichus. Eyes, labrum, and mandibles free ; club of antennae received in cavities at the anterior, angles of the thorax, on the upper surface. PnYSBMUS. The second genus is represented by a very small species from the Colorado desert: the first by several sijecies in the Atlantic States. M§ Hi I Sub-Family III— CIIELONARIIDAE. This sub-family is represented in our fauna by a single species of Chclonarium {G. Lecontei Dej. Cat.), as yet undescribed, and unknown to me. The tropical species are found on leaves of plants. They are elongate, oval, moderately convex insects, with the thorax strongly margined on the sides and front; the head retracted flatly upon the breast, leaving, however, the eyes, man- dibles, and labrum visible; the antenna) are inserted upon the front, closely approximated, 11 -jointed, filiform; epistoma not separate from the front. Legs very contractile; tarsi with the OEORYSSIDAE 11;] third joint lobcd ; claws dilated at base. Epiploura; very narrow, extending to tiie apex, grooved to fit the nuirgin of the body. It might perhaps be properly considered as a distinct family, but its atlinities willi the JJyrrhidie are none the less evident; though it is a transition form to the Ilclodida!, below described. Fam. XXVIII.— GEORY SSI DAE. Mentum quadrate, corneous, moderately large; ligula co- riaceous, slightly bilobed. MaxilUo with two unarmed lobes. AutennjB inserted under the sides of the front, near the eyes, 9-jointed, the first and second joints thick, the last three forming an oval club. Ilead defiexed ; labrum distinct ; mandibles small ; eyes rounded, lenses large. Prothorax with the side pieces not distinct ; prosternum membranous, not visible between the coxii? ; flanks excavated for the reception of the antennie. Mesosternum short and wide, perpendicularly declivous in front. Metasternum moderately large, side pieces very narrow. Elytra entire, descending widely on the flanks ; epipleural fold narrow, extending to the apex. Abdomen with five free ventral segments. Anterior coxre prominent, flattened at tip, forming two small, subquadrate, contiguous plates, with a dec^ lissure between them, in which is concealed tlie prosternum ; middle coxae oval, distant; posterior transverse, not contiguous. Legs short, slender; tarsi filiform, 4-jointed, the first joint longer than the following two; claws simple, small. This family consists of but one genus, Gcoryssns ; of it several species arc found in Eurojie and Asia, and one in Kansas, O. pusillus Lee. They are small, rounded, convex, roughly sculptured, black insects, found at the margin of streams, on wet sand; tiiey cover themselves with a mass of mud, so that no purl of the insect is visible. '({■■mm M'''Xi» ... •■'-V ■4V iJL± 'k C*,.v ■P^^- ■■'■' 'A ■*•■■«■■ •••:.■ , ■■ (■ ti '•-*■' 114 COLECH'TEUA OF XOIITII AMEIIICA. Fam. XXIX.— parnidae. I 3i i l^i'i"ife .?>'t" mm ..;i,y.->- :%^v .. ■V-:x'.^1 .-■■■■•:>■ • r- >T,/-...va ',:, „-.i>'..,ri,.- i..',:'JI - . '?■,, .:• ■■*;•• * ■ i>---4'..- ■»■■,-<' ■< J-f:,.. ■"■•i m l*-t Ufi COLEdl'TEIlA OF NORTH AMKIUr.V. tlio palpi arc short. The oUrt duiracters arc still variable, and will furnish occasion for the division into tribes. Ileuil not entirely retractile ; prosternuni not IoIumI in front ; antenna) ser- rate, with the lirst and .second joints not enlarged. Laui.m. Head retrantilo, protected by a prosterual lobe ; antenna^ short, lirst and second joints enlarged. I'AiiNiM. Tribe I.— LARINI. The only representative known to me is Lara avara Lee, from California, an elongate, blackish insect, finely pubescent, with the elytra punctured in rows, impressed behind the base, and the thora.x stron/^ly narrowed in front, somewhat uneven ; the antennie are distant from each other, and what remains of them indicates them to be serrate, and not irregular or short; the clypeal suture is distinct; the head is not protected beneath by a lobe of the prosternuni ; the anterior coxie are somewhat prominent, the tro- chantin large, free, and very distinct; the prosternal process is narrow; the mesostcTnura is prominent, deeply excavated; the middle coxse are widely separated, and have distinct trochantin ; the side pieces of the metathorax are narrow, the epimera slightly visible behind; the epipleura) are narrow, and continue to the apex. Tribe II.— PARXIXI. The head is capable of being retracted, and is then protected beneath 1)y the prosternuni, which is lobed in front ; the antenna? are inserted on the front, distant and free at the margin of the eyes in Lutroehus, approximate and at the inner extremity of transverse grooves, and remote from the eyes, in the other two genera; they are short, 11-jointed, and more or less irregular in form. The anterior coxa; are not prominent, the trochantin small, connate with sternum ; the prosternal process is wide ; the meso- sternum broad, emarginate, the middle coxic with trochantin ; the side pieces of the metathorax wide, with the epimera not visible, except in Lutroehus, where they are narrow, with small epimera. The epipleura) are narrow, and variable in form ; they are sud- denly lobed in front, and extend to the apex in Lutroehus; they are not suddenly lobed, but extend to the apex, in Pelonomus ; while in Ilelichus they are not lobed, and extend much less dis- tinctly to the apex. HKTEHOCKUIDAE. 117 Li'Tiiocuua. Hoily romidtHl ; antenna? diHtant, club slender. Body oblong, elongate ; Auteuniu approximate, second joint moderate, club pectinate. rELONDMUS. Anttiuuffi diistaut, second joint much dilated, club lamellate. IIeliliii'u. Lulrochua lutcns is found in Texas; Pclonomus obscurua in tlie Soulheni and Western Stutes ; llelicliUH is widely distributed, and is I'nuiid elinii;inj^ to stones underwater, in rapid streams; I lie other two genera are found ut the unirgiu of slreatus, under stouus, «!^c. Sub-Family III.— ELMIDAE. The anterior coxic are rounded, witliout troehantin; the abdo- men has iivo ventral segments, the lifth rounded at tip; the front is not prominent; the palpi are short; the antenna) inserted upon the front, near the eyes, slender, slightly thickened externally ; middle eoxiu widely distant; posterior coxas separated, transverse, not dilated into a plate protecting the thighs; legs exceedingly long; side pieces of the melathorax narrow, epimera not visible; epipleurie narrow, extending to the apex. These insects are oidy found adhering to stones or plants be- neath the surface of the water; the larvie are similar in form to those of the other sub-families, except that the segments are not united to the margin, whicli thus appears incised. Head protected beneath by a lobe of the proateruum ; Antenna' ll-jointed; Anterior tibiie pubescent internally. LiMNirs. Anterior tibiae glabrous internally. Stesklmis. Antenme G-jointed. Machos vcuua. liead free ; proateruum not lobed beueatU ; antemise 11-joiuted. A.NCYUOSYX. No species of this sub-family lias occurred in our fauna, except in the Atlantic district. Fam. XXX.— heteroceridae. Mentum large, oblong, deeply emarginate in front; ligula coriaceous, prominent, bilobed, without paraglossai ; palpi iJ jointed, moderately long. I'y-J ;'•' t' <>J.V<',.';;',.f.'.A-' "' •*»'■.■'•' ■'•< t^' ■'■>;,;, It'' * K •. . ■'%. ■.I^^i>fe;i 5''#'' i 1 ' . •• ' _■-♦ % A ,•••» '".. T4? ,^ • .''K-'. .■'^•v j • :.*;-••" •■< ; ■' J .5 < .. ..H -»-'.Jresentod in every portion of our territory. Tlio species are nunicrous, but arc very similar in form and color, so that care is necessary in distinguishing tiiom. Tlioy ore ohlong or suh- clonguto, oval, densely clothed with short silky pubescence, very Oucly punctuate, and of a brown color, with the elytra usually variegated with undulated bauds or spots of a yellow color. They live in galleries which they excavate in sand or nuul at the margin of bodies of water, and, when disturbed, run from their galleries and take flight, after tho mauuer of certain species of Bcmbidiura. * This eli>vato(l line is finoly striate trnnsvprsely. mid is n, stnMnlating organ ; tho Liiul legs, by friction against it, produce a quite diotiuot sound. iho LL'OANIDAE. no Fam. xxxr.— i.ucaxidae. Mcntum largo, corneous, ([nadrntc, rarol y (Pnsanlus) deeply eiiiiirgiiiato; ligiihi u.sually placvid Ixdiiiid the iiioiituin. Muxilliii usually covcihmI, with two lohus, tlio inner one usually, the outer one .sonietinies, with a fixed corneous terminal hook. Maiidil)Ie,s frefiucntly very largo. Labruni f're(iuently coiiniito with the cpiatoma; clypcnl suture wanting. Antenna) inserted under tho margin of the front, before the eyes, usually geniculate, lOjoiuled; the first joint very long in the first tribe, moderate in the .second; the outer ones prolonged internally, ibrrning a pectinate club, the joints of which cannot bo brought closely together. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate; coxal cavities separated by tho prosternuni, transverse, closed behind. Mesosternum short, separating the coxic; side pieces huge, diagonally divided; epiniera attaining the coxrc. liletasternutn large, closely connate with the mesosternum in front, receiving the apex of tho ]lrst ventral segment in a minute cmargination behind; side pieces narrow; e])iraera nearly concealed by the elytra. Klytra rounded at tip, covering the abdomen. Abdomen with five free venlial st'gnieiits; the sixth (in- ternal) slightly prominent in rialycerus; spiracles situated in the membrane between ventral and dorsal segments, but different in position in the two tribes; in Lucaniru they are at the bottom of the lateral concavity of the dorsal surface of the abdomen ; in Pasaalini they are situated on the crest of the margin. Leg3 fossorial ; anterior coxre large, transverse, not promi- nent, without trochantins; middle cox;o usually transverse, sometimes nearly rounded; posterior coxa> transverse, flat; trochanters not prominent internally ; anterior tibiio more or less toothed externally, frequently ))almate, with one terminal spur; middle and posterior tibia) with two external teeth, terminal dilatation, and two spurs; tarsi slender, 5-jointed, last joint long; claws simple, with a short intermediate ony- chium bearing two bristles. The in.sects of this family live on tho juipos of decomposing wood, and are very closely allied to the Scarabieida) ; the priu- -;':f • .: '...•vt I-'.- ':: '-i ■.I -■ -'.a ■ -.■ ;. ,jt ' ■■'■ •'''''( 0 -■•'■■.; *iV' --lit * ■ T '..•' :' ' ■ '• L> ■ '■ ' ■ ' y ' ■ s > ■^]| ~- ' ,. ■-: * ::s;»i:' not covered ; antennas straight. Sinodkndrim. Sub-Tribe 1. — Lucanilli (genuini). The typical genus is represented by three large species from the Atlantic States, one of which (L. elaphus), by the very long mandibles of the male, resembles the stag-beetle of Europe and one from New Mexico. Of Porcus two species are found in the Atlantic State •;; of Platycerus we have two eastern species, and two from Califoruid aud Orv^jOU. The genera are thus distiu- guished : — SCAnAniT-IDAE. 121 Eycrt Htrongij t'lrnrginatod by tlio uiargin of tlie head ; Laliriuii suliti'iiiiigulai', luuiuieil in fruiit. Lahruin viiry sliort, broad, truncuto, or emargiiiato. Eyos almost outiro ; sixtli ventral segment visible. LUCAMIH. DdiiCUH. I'LATYCKUL'H. Sul)-Tribo 2.-C;cruclliiii. One j^enus irt reproseiitod in oiir fauna, Ccnu'lms, of cylindriial form, willi llie lioiul and niundiblos of the niiilo (jnlarficd. Tlnic are two species, C. piacus from tliu Atlantic, C. driuluti fmm Oregon. Sub-Tribe 3.— Sinodendrini. This Rub-tribe consists of but n sinj:!:le f^enus, Sinodendron, of oylindrical form; tlio male has the head armed with a long liorn, and tlie anterior part of the thorax suddenly declivous; tlie man- dibles are sliort in both sexes ; tlie eyes are not emarginate ; the niaxillas and ligula are not concealed by tlie mentum. (S. ri((josum Mannh. inhabits California and Oregon. A species, S. aviericanum, is described by Beauvois, from Atlantic America, but is uukuowu to me. Tribe II.— PASSALINI. Ligula large, corneous, filling a quadrate emargination of the mentum ; antemue straight, first joint of moderate length ; man- dibles with a basal molar tooth, and an anterior movable one ; maxilkc with both lobes hooked ; labrum movable ; scutellum in front of the base of the elytra ; middle coxoc nearly glol)ular. Tl.is tribe contains but a single genus, of which many species exist in the warmer parts of the eartli ; it is represented in our fauna by but one, Pansalus cornutus, an elongate, somewhat flat- tened, shining beetle, of largo size, having the head armed with a short bent hook, and the elytra deeply striate. It is quite frequently seen in old stumps of trees. Fam. XXXII.— SCARAB.EIDAE Parts of the mouth variable in form. Antennae inserted under the sides of the front, before the eyes, 7- to 11-joiuted, usually 10-jointed, the external joints, usually three in number (sometimes as many as seven), pro- I! i&i 122 COLEOPTErtA OP NORTH AMERICA. longed internally, forming a club of ]amella3, which may be brought close together; first joint always elongated, second thicker than the following. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate; anterior coxal cavities transverse, very large, closed behind. Mesosternum short, frequently very narrow; side pieces attaining the coxa?, except in Trogini. Motasternurn large; side pieces variable in form. Abdomen with six, rarely five, ventral segments. Legs fossorial; anterior coxae large, transverse, sometimes subconical and prominent, sometimes not prominent ; middle coxae large, transverse, not prominent; posterior coxas flat, transverse; anterior tibiae palmate, toothed, with a single terminal spur; middle and posterior tibias variable in form, with two spurs, except in Coprini, where there is but a single one; tarsi ojointed, the anterior ones sometimes wanting; claws generally equal, rarely wanting, usually with an inter- mediate bisetose onychium. A very large and distinctly limited family of insects, the mem- bers of which exhibit great variations in llie form and arrangement of the various organs of the body, while preserving a character- istic appearance, and, conjoined with it, the lamellate antennal club and the fossorial legs. For reasons mentioned in the prefatory remarks to my synopsis of the Melolonthidaj of the United States,* I prefer dividing the family into three sub-families, accordhig to the position of the abdominal spiracles. Eriehson and Lacordaire establish but two sul)-families, while Burmeister arranges the genera in a totally diU'erent manner. I. Abdominal spiracles situated in the membrane connecting the dorsal and ventral corneous plates, the last one covered by the elytra. Ligula always separate from the mentnm ; (larvoe with the lubes of the maxilhc separate). LAPAaosTirTi. II. Abdominal spiracles in part situated on the superior portions of tho ventral segments, the last one usually visible behind the elytra ; tho rows of spiracles feebly diverging. Ligula sometimes free, usually connate witli the mentum. MKLDLoJcrnin.'K. III. Abdominal spiracles (except the anterior ones) situated in tho dorsal portion of the ventral segments, forming rows which diverge strongly ; last spiracle usually visible behind the elytra. Ligula always connate with the meutum ; (larvse with the lobes of the maxilhe connate). Pleuuosticii. * Journ. Acad. Nat. Sol., 2d ser., iii. 225. SCARABiEIDAE. 123 Sub-Family I.— SCARAB.EIDAE LAPAROSTICTI. Besides the characters given by the position of the abdominal spiracles in the membrane connecting the ventral and dorsal seg- ments, and the ligula separate from the mcntnm, these insects, or at least a portion of them, exhibit characters not found in the other families. In many of them the upper surface of the head is much dilated on the front and sides (l)ut never reflcxed, as in most Mclolon- thida;) ; the clypeal suture is distinct, and ascends towards the vertex, forming an angle; the mandibles are usually thin jjlates, frequently membranous, small, and invisible, except on dissection ; sometimes, however (Gcotrupes, &c.), they are well developed. In some of the genera the antenna; are 11-jointcd. The club of the antennic consists of l)ut three joints, oxcej)t in Pleocoma, and in some the first joint of the club is hollowed out so as to receive the second or even the last joint. The tarsi are armed with siniph; claws in all of our genera, except Phanteus, where the claws arc wanting; in some genera of Coprini the anterior tarsi arc want- ing. The usual bisetosc onychium is wanting in Acanthocerini, Trogini, Aphodiini, and some Coprini. The arrangement of this sub-family is adopted nearly as in Laeordaire's work, with the exception of the removal of the trilxi (jrlaphyrini to the next sub-family, and the establishment of two new tribes. The species all live on decomposing animal matter, and raoit of them in excrements. The tribes are as follows : — Abclomen with six visible ventral segments ; Antennic 9- or lO-joiuted (club always 3-jointed) ; Posterior til)i;e with a single spur. Posterior til)i;E witli two s])urs ; Side pieces of nietathorax simple ; Antenna; O-jdinted. Antenn;e 10-jointed. Epimera of raetathorax visible. Antennas 11-jointed ; Club 3-jointed, mandibles and labrnm prominent. Club many-leaved, mandibles and labrnm small. Abdomen with five visible ventral segments ; Epimera of luosothorax attaiuiug the oblii|Ue cosib ; CoPEiJfi. ArnoDiiNT. OlUMIM.M. Hyuosouim. CiKOTKri'IM. ri,f,llCO.MI.M. >.> '■;.J; /■■vj •A: * I? •1 = ^■■^^1 ; .. -^ ■^-,"' ' I . ■ ' !•!>'• r' : •■■■ :-.,>'\ ..^'' ■ . ff ■• .'^ i r It- 'A * -'a ^%i^^.}yi i-^'^'^,, .■' ,H i.:''.''^. -V ,; Jl ■mm II' i 'I 126 COLEOrTEIlA OF NORTH AMEIUCA. Our genera are but two; neither is represented on the Pacific coast. First joint of aiitt'inuil club uot reouiviiiy; tho others ; metastcmura rectan- guliir; oliiws diatinct, Coi-kih. First joint of iintciiniil clnl) hollowed, receiving the otliers ; nictastermim rhouiboidal ; claws wanting. Piian^us. Ill botli of these genera sexual characters are usually obvious in tubercles and horns on the head and thorax. The species of I'iianu3us are brilliantly colored, and P. carnifex, with its rough copi)er-colored thorax and green elytra, is familiar to every col- lector. Group III.— Onltes. Onih's Nicanor Fabr., a very rare insect of the Southern States, alone represents this group in our fauna. The anterior coxro are large, conical, and prominent; the labial ]ialpi are .'i-jointed, and nearly filiform; the claws arc distinct, the onychium snudl, and the inferior part of the last joint of the tarsi is not prolonged. The genus Onitis is distinguished by the scntellnm being small, but distinct; it resembles in form a large Onthophagus. Group IV.— Onthophagl. Several small species of Onthophagus from the Atlantic slope represent this group. The anterior coxsc are large, conical, and protuberant ; the labial palpi are but 2-jointod, llic third joint being obsolete; the tarsal claws are distinct, and the onychium is long, with the two usual seta;. In some of the species the head or thorax of the males is armed with horns. The genus is known by the antenna} having but nine joints, and by the scutellum uot being visible. Tribe II.— APHODIIXI. Species of small size, and oblong, convex, or cylindrical form, living chiefly in excrements. The clypeus, as in Coprini, is dilated so as to cover the oral organs, but in one genus, Jilgialia, they are visible beyond the apex of the clypeus; the niaxillce and mandibles are variable in form; antennas 9-jointed, club 3-joiuted; epimera i,;i! SCAItAH^tlDAE, 127 of inotutliorax covered; niiddlo coxiu obliquo, contiguous in our j^cimra; pusttTJur til)iiu with two spurs; elytra cuveriiifi: tiic py- fjidiiim onliruly or in i){ii'l; ventral segments six, all Tree; tarsi willi distinct claws and snudl bisetoso onychium. The sexiail dillereiices are usually none; in a few species tlie head, and more rarely I lie thorax, of the male are marked willi one or more small tubercles. Our genera are as follows: — Miui(lil)loH and labrum concealed ; Lolies of the niiixillii! iiifin)>r;iiiotis or coriaceous, unarmed; Upper part of tlie eyes visible in repose. ApnoDiUil. Ui)i)er part of tlie eyes invisiljle in repose ; Posterior tiln.-e pr()li>iif;e(l externally into a spine. Et'PAiiiA. External lobe of tlie niaxilb-e corTieous, booked. I'sAMMoniUS. Mandibles and labruni visible beyond the clypeus. vEhialia. Euparia embraces many s))ecies, of wliicli Eit. cax((im:(i. inhabits ants' nests in the Southern Stales. J'sammodius is recoginzed by the transverse grooves of the thorax, and ^Kgialia by the ihiek convex body; the species of the last-named genus are i'uund near the ocean or large lakes. Several species of Aphodius have been introduced from Europe, but are now entirely naturalized, especially in the northern purls of the country ; e. g. A. /ofiHur, fimetariuH. it'-' -•.■Ml I t fV;, 4>-',,W.l ' *, ■', ' ■' ■ ' ■ : , A'.. ,'1. „ >. , Tribe III.— ORPIIIVINI. Oval, convex species, of brown color, covered above with short erect hair; the elytra arc striate; the mandibles and labniin are corneous, not covered by the clypeus, which is not dilated us in the two preceding trilies ; antenna' lO-juinted, club 3-jointed, some- what rounded; anterior coxie })rominent; middle coxa; obli(pie, contiguous; epimera of the nielatliorux covered; ventral segments six, not connate; tarsi with a small setigerous onychium. The species in our fauiui arc three, belonging to Oehoda?us. They arc found from the Mississippi westward to Arizona, and are very rare. Ochodious is distinguished from the other genera of the tribe by the eyes being not emarginatc. The habits are uukuown. Tribe IV.-niBOSORIXI. A single species of Hybosorus found in the Southern States, identical with the European H. aralor, and probably imported. '■■h' ::^F ■'^•^•' rit v.v •r.'f*^;: t t..:..| I Wi ■■■■■' li 11 I tl-' 128 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMKUICA. alone rcproROnts this tribe in our fanna. It is an oval, convex, shining blaclv inst'ct, about a quurlor of uu inch lony, with line rows of punctures on tiie elytra. The mandibles and iubrum are corneous, prominent; antennje 10-jointed, the club 3-jointod, the first joint hollowed and receiv- ing the second; anterior coxa; conical, prominent; middle cox.t obli(pie, contiguous; epimera of the metathorax visible; ventral segments six, all but the last connate. Tarsi with a short bise- tose onychium. Tribe v.— GEOTRUPIWI. "Insects of rounded convex form, some living in excrements, others found wandering about without visible means of support; the elytra strongly striate in nearly all ; the thorax of the males, and more rarely the head, armed with horns or tubercles. The mandi))les and labrum corneous, prominent; antennae 11- jointcd, club 3-jointed, variable in form; anterior coxa3 promi- nent; middle coxiu more or less oblique, usually contiguous, but separated in Athyreus ; epimera of the metathorax visible ; ventral segments six, free ; the elytra covering the pygidium ; tarsi with a bisetose onychium. With the exception of one species of Odontffius from California, our species are all found east of the llocky Mountains. Club of antennae large, lenticular ; Middle coxse separated. • Athyreus. Middle cox.-b contiguous ; Eyea partially divided. BoLnocERus. Eyes entirely divided. ■ ODONT/T':rs. Club of antenuifi lamellate. Geotuupes. Tribe VI.— PLEOCOWf INI. This tribe contains but a single Californian species, Pleocoma Jimhriala Lee, of moderately large size, black, rounded, not very convex, with the body, parts of the mouth, and legs clothed with very long hair. The elytra are irregularly punctured, and the head is armed with a perpendicular horn between the eyes, and the front is prolonged and bifurcated ; above the insertion of the antenna) is an acute lobe. The antennae have eleven joints, of which the last five or six form a large lamellated mass ; the labrum is elongated, rounded at the apex, and dellexed. The mandibles SCAUADiEIDAE. 129 arc pyramidal and short; tlie inner lobe of the maxillne is vorv small, and hooked at the tip; the outer one is larger, but still small, rounded at tip, and hairy; the maxillary palpi are long and slender, the second joint equal to the third and fourth, the third being only half as long as the fourth. The nientum is nearly semicircular; the ligula is entirely concealed by the base of the labial palpi, which are moderate in length, the third joint being as long as the first and second together. The anterior coxse are large, conical, prominent; the middle ones contiguous, prominent, conical, oblique ; the elytra cover the pygidium almost entirely. The anterior tibiae are 3-toothed, and have two small teeth above the upper tooth; the middle and hind tibiie are ex- panded at tip, and have two acute teeth placed transversely about the middle on the external surface. The tarsi are longer than the tibiuj, and slender, the joints 1 — 4 equal, the fifth longer than the two preceding; the claws slender, with a narrow bisetose onychium. Ventral segments free, the sixth retracted within the lifth. Of the habits of this remarkable insect nothing is known. Tribe VII.— ACAMTHOCERIIVI. Mandibles and labrum corneous, prominent; antenna; 9- or 10- jointed, club 3-jointed ; anterior coxa) conical, prominent ; middle coxa; transverse, contiguous ; epimera of the mesothorax attaining the coxie ; epimera of the metathorax covered ; ventral segments five, not connate; body contractile into a ball; pygidium entirely covered by the elytra; tarsi with slender claws and no onychium. Oval, convex, smooth, shining insects, living under bark and in rotten wood. They have been considered by Lacordaire and pre- vious authors as forming a sub-tribe of Trogini ; but the difference in the side pieces of the mesothorax, which extend to the coxte, as in all other ScarabiEida), requires thchi to be separated. Other differences are found in the large size of the scutellum, and the tarsi fringed with long hairs. Our genera are two, both having 10-jointed antenna) : — Body partially contractile ; middle and posterior tibia; thick. ACANTHOCEnnS. Body perfectly contractile ; middle and posterior tibiie compressed. SpU/KIlOMORPnUS. 9 ^m ■'k^W^^ "ma V.,';,- , ■■','"■ 8"^ r. ', -t» : V'. ?*' . • »■■,, '.'W. ■ ^'^■:' ij'i.i .■I '3i , .; . . W! < ^^^■M ■:n-ii'-^i I 130 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Two species of the first genus, aud ouc of tho sccoud, from the Atlautic Slates. i; I) [<■■; W- Tribe VIII.— BTICACilM. NicaguH obscuriis (Ochodirus obscuriDi Lee.) is tlie only meni- Vjcr of this tribe known to nie. It is an oval, convex insect, more than a quarter of an inch long, brown, densely punctured, and covered with very short pale hair. It resembles in a|)pcaran{e some of the Sericic, or a nearly smooth Trox. It is found throughout the Atlantic district. The head is rounded, moderately convex, the front finely raar- gijied ; the labrum is broadly rounded, hairy ; the mandibles short, pyramidal, not very prominent; the mentura is thick, triangular, hairy, pointed in front; the palpi short, the last joint oval. The antenna? are 10-jointcd, the club 3-jointed, longer in the male than in the female. The anterior coxte are large, conical, promi- nent ; the middle ones nearly contiguous, oblique ; the epimera of the mesothoi'ax attain the coxa;. The elytra cover the pygi- dium. The abdomen has five free ventral segments. The legs are normal in form ; the anterior tibise are 4-toothed, the middle and hind ones gradually thickened towards the tip in the female, but slender in the male, with one small sharp tooth and some small denticles on the outer face ; the spurs of the hind tibia; are acute in the male, obtuse in the female ; the tarsi are long and slender in the male, but shorter and stouter in the female ; the onychium is narrow, and bears two long bristles, as in Lucanida;. I have been very much at a loss where to place this curious insect. The joints of the club of the antenna; do not appear to be capable of being brought into absolute contact, as in other Scaraboeidae, and the club therefore appears pectinate. I was, therefore, inclined to consider it as allied to the European J^]sa- lus, among the LucanidiE, which genus it resembles somewhat iu form; but the small size of the oral organs, and the triangular mcntum, have induced mo rather to place it as a tribe of the Laparostict Scaraba;idae, and the position here given it well cor- responds both with its external form and Melolonthine sexual characters. Of its habits I know nothing. BCABAB^IDAE. Tribe IX.-TROOIIVI. 131 Mandibles and laluniin corneous, prominent ; antennae 9- or lO-jointed, club ;3-juintod ; unterior ooxie rounded, Hubeonieul, jironiinent; middle coxie nearly round, not obli(iue, conli>ruous; epimera of the nietathorax covered; epimera of the mesoihorax widely separated from the coxa) by the sternum ; ventral segmenls live, not connate; abdomen covered by the elytra; tarsi with moderate claws, but no ouychium. The insects of this tribe are oblong, convex species, living in dried decomposing animal matter. The feet are scarcely fossorial in form; the surface is usually rough, and covered with a crust of dirt, removed with great ditliculty. Oifr species are numerous, and belong to the genus Trox. The larger species, having the sides of the thorax not ciliate with hairs, were placed by Erichson as a separate genus, Omorgus ; but the characters, as observed by Lacordairo, are indefinite, and it is not retained.* The genus Trox possesses a distinct stridulating organ; it is an elliptical plate, with pearly reflections, occupying the upper part of the external face of the ascending portion of the first ven- tral segment, and is covered by the elytra; on the inner surface of the elytra, near the margin, about opposite the metathorax, is an oval, smooth, polished space, which has probably some coa- uection with the stridulating organ. Sub-Family II.— MELOLONTIIIDAE. This sub-family holds an intermediate position between the lapa- rosticti and pleurosticti. The second pair of abdominal spiracles is placed in the membrane conjiecting the ventral and dorsal seg- ments, as in other 8carabtcida3 ; in most species the third, and sometimes the fourth, at the outer limit of this membrane ; the fifth and sixth pairs are in the dorsal portion of the ventral segments, but the lines connecting them do not diverge strongly, as in the pleurosticti; the seventh or last pair is usually visible behind the elytra, but variable in position ; in other species, forming the first two tribes, however, the spiracles are placed as in the laparosticli, all being in the connecting membrane. * For a synopsis of our species, see Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 211. III mm •^1 ■I" ,!^.< h' *: :i ' ^■ '>'^^ i:* '■ '■ i . ',.' (■ • .- 4- ■. ■»• -•^ ' . ■ -i-'t >■ ^^ .■>»■! ■..i '" X. ' ' "^ : Si! • 'is ■■■*5 132 COLEOrTEIlA OP NOnTII AMERICA. The clypeus i.s uHimlly prolonged uml niargiiit'il in front, so Hint the mouth is inferior, but in Glapiiyrini tiie nnunliljles and luhnint nre prominent ; the niandil)les arc corneous, sliort, pyrnmidnl ; the mentum largo, quadrate, witii the liguhi usuuiiy corneous nntl cunnuto with tiie mentum, though Hometintes free and membranous, as in the hiparosticti ; the clypeal suture is usually distinct, trans- verse; the antennas have from seven to ten joints, and the club in always lamellate, sometimes consisting of six or live, but usually of three joints, and is frequently longer in the males ; the tarsi are always perfect, 5-jointed, with the claws variable in form, and the bisetose onychlum is present in all the tribes except lloplini. The species feed exclusively on living vegetable matter, and it will be seen that the distinctions between it and the other sub- families arc of a negative character ; the posterior spiracles do not diverge strongly, as in the plcurosticti; the middle coxa; are not oblique, as in the laparostieti (except Troginl), nor rounded and separated from the side pieces, as in that tribe. There is also a considerable diifercnce in the adaptation of the last abdominal segments. In Mclonthidas the fifth ventral is veiy frequently con- nate with the penultimate dorsal, and the sixth segment, usually visible, is rendered so merely by its size and firm consistence causing it to be pushed out into view. Even when the fifth ven- tral is not connate with the dorsal segment, they form together a regular ring. In the preceding sub-family the sixth ventral segment is nor- mally visible, although sometimes of small size and retracted ; in this case the pygidium or last dorsal segment is covered by the elytra, and in a manner lies upon the fifth ventral. The fifth ventral is never connate with the penultimate dorsal, and does not form with it a regular ring. In the first tribe of Melonthidoj (Glaphyrini) the sixth ventral is quite visible, and the fifth is not connate with the penultimate dorsal, but still they are adapted together so as to form a regular ring, to which is articulated the protuberance formed by the pygi- dium and sixth ventral, in the same position as in Melolonthidu; of other tribes in which the sixth ventral segment is external. According to the position of the abdominal spiracles, the tribes of this sub-family divide into two sets. V. nor- ; i» the fifth does SCARAB.flinAB. 133 A. LAPAROSTirT MELOLONTniPAK. Two tribes form in this division, and onlydifler from the tribes of tlie preeedinff sub-family l>y individual peeuliurities of moment, though by no general charaeler. Mauilibltis and labium ptoiiiiiHiit ; ventral segnientH hIx, free. Ol.AIMITRINI. Maudiblea aud labrum Iwiieath the cijjieua ; ventral HOgnients coniiali'. Onceuini. Tribe I-«LAPIIYR1NI. Oblonpr, not convex insects, fre(|uenting flowers, and remarkable for the long hairs of the legs and under surface; the head and thorax are also usually densely covered witli long hair. The elytra are flat, fre(|uently dehiscent, and do not cover the i)ygi- dium; the abdominal spiracles are all situated in the connecting membrane ; the fifth ventral joins the propygidium, to form a ring, but is not connate with it, as in the genuine Melolonthidic; the sixth ventral is somewhat triangular, and unites with the ])ygiiliuiu to form a freely moving conical mass. The epiniera i)f the inesuthurax are very large; the mctasternum is short; the side pieces broad, with the epimera large ; the anterior coxse are large, prominent; the middle ones transverse, contiguous; claws long, diverging. Antennaj with 3-jointed club. The legs and tarsi of these insects are formed as in other Me- lolonthidie, and the claws of Lichnanthe are slightly toothed at base. Lichnanthe is found in the Atlantic States, Dasydcra in Cali- fornia; both have 10-jointed antennaj. Maxillary palpi with the last joint oval, deeply excavated; labrum slightly emarffinate ; claws scarcely toothed, liroader at ha.se. Dasydkha. ^' '^ Uar.v I'llpi with the last joint cylindrical; labrum deeply einarginate ; tlawa with a broad basal tooth. Lichna.ntue. Tribe II.— OIVCERIBTI. This tribe corresponds with the group Lasiopodes of my sy- nopsis of Melolonthidae.* Its characters are very distinct, as follows : — * Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d sen, III, 282. w « ' • ( - f -• ,1 " r ■' A ■ '■ -1 ', ■ ■ . ' ■ * '■r- ■■'»■■ : . '•' >' ' , ■ ou; , ' 1" 1 , ■ ■ : > ■ • ■■.•'iff T.'t l.U COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Autcrior coxa) large, prominent, conical ; niandlMc? and labnim beneath the rofloxed clypcus ; antenna; 9-jointed, slinrt ; clul) small, 8-j(jinted; abdomen very small, with the veulral sutures entirely efl'aeed, last segment free, conical; pygidium slightly prominent; elytra rounded at tip ; epimera of mesothora\ small, extending to the coxas; side pieces of raetathorax narrow, epimera covered; logs stout, posterior thighs large ; tibia; thick, conical ; tarsi very lung ; claws diverging, slender, with a small bisetose onychium ; anterior tibiaj without spurs, posterior tibia) with two spurs. Clypeus concave, rounded ; iiientum linear ; clawb simple. LAsiorrs. Clypeu8 llattened, parallel, incised each side, and marked with a tiansvtnie suture ; mentuin trapezoidal ; clawei divided. Oxckkus. Lasiopus is found in Te.xas, Onccrus in California, each repre- sented by one species. They are the smallest ^leloloiilhidio known to me, and live on flowers ; the upper surface is glabrous, but the legs are fringed with long hairs. Oncerus rpi-einbles in form the European Cliasmatopterus, but the clypous is double as in Dipliucrania. Lasiopus exactly resembles in appearance Aclopus Er., which, hi wever, has the labrum and maudibk"^ porrected as in the preceding tribe. B. Pleurostict Melolonthidae. The mandibles and labrum are placed under the clypeus in all of our genera, although prominent in some foreign genura ; the posterior pair of spiracles varies in position ; in some groups it is external to the suture between the propygidium and the fifth ventrril segmeut, in others it is placed directly on the suture, which in Diplotaxes is almost oljliterated. Although the sub- tril)es appear to l)e quite natural groups, and of equal value, it is diflicult, on account of the absence of many typical forms from our fauna, to combine them in such manner as to form well- defined tribes, such as are seen in the previous sub-family; there would appear, however, to be three indicated, which, with their sub-tribes, may be thus tabulated, all represented ''n our fauna having normally developed oval organs.* A. Tibi;p with one spur, which is s-otnetiiees obsolete ; tai-si without ony- chium ; claws chelate, unequai ; last spiracle placed on the suture * In the foreign tribe Pachypodiui the oral organs are very feebly and imperfectly developed. .'.H' SCARAB.T-IDAE. 1:35 vyn- 4. Macrodactylini. 5. Sericoidisi. 6. DlPHlTAXIM. between tho fifth ventral and propygiilimn, which are connati' tral segments connate ; side pieces of uietathorax broad. 1. UOPLIIXl. Middle coxje contiguous. 1. Hoi-liim. B. Middle and hind tibiii' with two spura ; tarsi witli distinct biseto.se ony- chiuni and equal claws ; a. Last spiracle in the fifth ventral, which is not connate with the pro- pygidium ; side pieces of inetathorax narrow ; ventral segments six, free ; anterior coxse conical, prominent. II. SERICINI, Labrum separate from the clypeus ; claws chelate. 2. DiCIIELONYCHIM. Labrum connate with the clypeus ; claws not chelate. 3. Sericixi. b. Last spiracle placed on the suture between tho fifth ventral and the propygidium, which are closely connate. III. MELOLONTHINl. Anterior coxae prominent, conical ; Ventral segments six, not connate ; Hind legs slender. Hind legs thick. Ventral segments five, suliconnatp. Anterior coxte transverse, not prominent ; ventral segments six; Ventral segments connate. 7. Meloloxthim. Ventral segments not connate. 8. Mackox^uyllim. Sub-Tribe 1.— Ilopliiiii (genuiui). Oblong, flattened insects, living on flowers, and having the ))0(ly more or less covered with flat scales of a yellowisli, hrownisli, or silvery color. ]}nt one genus, Iloplia, is found in the United States, and is represented by species in every part of our t<'rr:- tory; the males frequently differ from tho females by color as well as size, and even by the texture of the scales and hair, so tliat, whenever opportunity occurs, the sexes of the specimens found should be carefully noted. Tiie sub-tribe is known by the ligula being corneous, and con- nate with the mentum, as in the other Melolonthida; of our fauna ; by the small scutellum, and by the middle coxa) 1)eing nearly contiguous. The characters of the tribe are : the siile pieces of the nieta- thorax are always broad ; the club of the antenna; is 3-jointed ; the mandibles have an interior plate; the labrimi is very short, and concealed under the clypeus; the anterior coxa? are large, conical, and prominent; the tibiie have but a single small terminul spur; the claws are chelate and very unequal, and the onychiuiu It-IY^-i^-;^ t ' v1 ■ ■;» ■ r> V*"'" ■ . ' ■ jS 1 ■" :.■> ' ■'.'*■■•:' 'rum is not connate with thcclypeus; the mentum is narrow, and channelled; the anterior eo.xa; are conical and prominent; the ventral segments are not counate, and th(! legs are slender. Sub-Tribe 5.— Sei'icoidini. This sub-tribe, as defined by Lacordaire, differs from the others liaving conical, prominent anterior coxic, by the lalirum lieing distinct, and the mentum not elongate and channelled, as in Ma- crodactyli. 1 have separated a portion having chelate ungues to form the sub-tribe Dichelonychini, and refer to the genuine Scricoides, a curious genus found in Florida, although I am not able to determine to what foreign genera it is allied. The liguhi is connate with the mentum, which is concave; the labrum is short and emarginate; the mandibles not prominent; the clypeus very thick, margined in front; the antennai 10-jointcd, the third, fourth, and fifth joints closely connected ; the club 3- jointed, elongated in the males; the last spiracle is placed on the suture l)etween the connate fifth ventral and the propygidium ; the ventral segments are six, not connate ; the legs are stout, the liind femora and tibia; much thickened ; the inner claw of the anterior tarsi, and the outer claw of the middle tarsi (at least of the male), is suddenly and broadly dilated at base into a large rounded prominence. I have named this genus Ilypotrichia. It is an oval, elongate insect, half an inch long, of a piceous color, finely punctured above, with the thorax transverse, rounded, covered with short grayish hair; body beneath densely clothed with long hair; ely- tra finely punctured and pubescent. The species is U. apissipes. Sub-Tribe C— Diplotaxini. Small, oblong, slightly convex species, usually brown, with the elytra most fretpiently marked with rows of punctures alternately approximate, with the wider spaces irregularly punctured. They %:^Si '■. :<•:*> ..* # '1 • -• •'1 138 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. are distinguished from all other groups having the anterior coxaj prominent and the side pieces of the metathorax narrow, by the sixth ventral segment not being visible ; the fifth and propygidium are closely connate, with the suture indistinct, and the spiracle is placed midway between the anterior and posterior margins ; the ventral sutures are distinct in all of our genera, and the apical margin of the thorax is membranous, except in Alobus ; the antennai are 10-jointed, except in Diazus. Anterior claws with a slightly proniiueut tooth near the tip ; midillu and posterior claws cleft. Orsosyx. Claws alike on all the feet ; Last joint of maxillary palpi oval, somewhat pointed; Anteiniie 9-jointed ; claws entire. DiAzus. Antennie 10-jointeil ; claws cleft or toothed. Diplotaxis. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate, cylindrical ; claws with a very large tooth. Alobus. Sub-Tribe 7.— Melolonthini (genuini). This is the first of the sub-tribes in which the anterior coxa? are not prominent, but simply transverse, and contained entirely in the coxal cavities. It is distinguished from the other sub-tril>es having this character, by the labrum being deeply emurginate, and the ventral segments connate, though the sutures are frequently not eft'aced. The apical margin of the thorax is never membranous ; the fifth ventral segment is connate with the ijropygidium by an angu- lated suture, sometimes partly obliterated ; tiie spiracle is placed at the angle of this suture, nearer the posterior than the anterior margin. The genera indicate three groups, distinguished as follows : — Side pieces of metathorax narrow ; Labial palpi on tlie under surface of the ligula. Riiizotrogi. Labial palpi at the sides of the ligula. TosiKcoprEii^. Side pieces of metathorax wide. Melolontu^i;. Group L— Rhlzotroji, This group is sufficiently distinguished by the labial palpi* being inserted on the under surface of the ligula near the sides. * For an important note concerning tlie structure of the ligula and posi- tion of the laliinl pnlpi in various groups of Melolunthida;, vide Duval, Gen. Col. Europe, 111, 44. SCARAH.i;iPAE. 139 Tho species arc glabrous, or pubescent above; the tliorax is inar- giiK'il in front. The side pieces of the nietathorax are narrow, with the epiniera moderate in size, or small. One spur of the hind tibiie is frequently connate with tho tibia) in the males. The third joint of the antennas is not elongated. The genera are not well defined, and in those having many species considerable variation in the generic characters is seen. Some of the species of Lachnosterna, known familiarly under the name June bugs, are very aljundant, aud do much harm by destroying the leaves of fruit-trees. Claws never serrate, with a single tooth beneath ; Ligula dt'eply emarginate ; AntiMin.ie 10-jointed. Antenn;e D-jointeJ. Ligula nearly truncate ; Laliruni Lilobed. Lalirum concave, not bilobed. Claws more or less serrate, sometimes toothed. Eugastra (two species) belongs to the interior part of Texas ; LLstrochelus to the interior of the continent, from Platte Kiver to the Colorado of California. One species of Lachnosterna is known from California ; the others all belong to the Atlantic slope of the continent. £C0A8TRA. Endkosa. Lachnosteuna, GVNKIS. LlSTKOCIlKLCS. it ik- Group II.— ToBtegopterae. In this group the labial palpi are inserted at tho sides of the ligula, as in the next group, but the side pieces of the mctathorax are narrow, as in the Rhizotrogi. The third joint of the auteunie is not elongated. The thorax is margined in front. The genus Tostegoptera contains two species, T. lanceohda from Kansas and Texas, and 2\ scqualis from Texas. The females are ovate and very convex, the males oblong; they are clothed with small scales; the spurs of the hind tiljiit are free in both sexes ; the fourth and fifth ventral segments of the male are fur- nished each with a small longitudinal crest at the middle. Tiie antennte are 10-jointed, with .S-jointed club ; the joints .3, 4. nnd 5, arc closely connected. The claws are slender, with a tojth near the base. \ ■■■!>. A /..' >;'■--■> , v^y ',: ' ■« ■ '•:^' •^ 140 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Group III.— Melolonthas. Large species, frequently ornamented with spots or stripes of squainiform hair, and di.stinguis]ied by the broad side pieces of the metutiionix, the epimera of which are large. Tlie fiftii ventral segment and the propygidium are connate by an anguiated suture, llie spiracle is placed exactly ut the angle ; the thorax has no an- terior marginal line. The club of the antennae of Polyphylla assumes an enormous development in the male, and consists of six joints ; in the female it is smaller. Two genera are in our fauna, both having a spur on the ante- rior tibiic ; Polyphylla has universal distribution, Thyce i.s found iu New Mexico. Antennie with the third joint elong-tted, club many-jointed. Polyphylla. AuteuuuB with the third joint not elongated ; club ( J ) small, 3-jointed. TUYCK. Sub- Tribe 8.— Macropliyllini. The genera of this sub-tribe were known only from Africa, Australia, and Polynesia, until the discovery of Fhobclus Lee, a Californian genus, allied, apparently, to the South African IVys- axri P]r., the characters of which are very indefinitely made known; but, from the difference of locality, the two genera cannot be sup- posed to be identical. The only character by which this sub-tribe is distinguished from the preceding is that the ventral segments are not connate. The anterior coxie are a little more prominent, and the side pieces of the raetathorax are equally wide. The generic characters of Phobctus are : antennae with the club of the male 3-jointed, as long as the rest of the antenna; labrura transverse, concave, somewhat emarginate ; prothorax margined in front, and fringed with njembrane ; claws with a broad tooth near the tip, and an indistinct one near the base. The species are robust iu form, nearly seven-tenths of an inch long, with the margins of the thorax and body, and the whole of the breast, covered with very long hair; the elytra are glabrous, nearly smooth, with a deep sutural stria. In rhobelua comatus the anterior part of the thorax is clothed with long hairs, and the antennae are 9-jointed ; in F. tedacens SCARAniEIDAE. 141 ;^'>wm the disk of the thorax is free from hair, and the antenna" have ten joints. Snb-Family III.— SCARAB.EIDAE PLEUROSTICTI. In this sub-family the abdominal spiracles are arranged ; the second pair in the membrane connecting the dorsal and ventral segments, the third on the outer limit of the membrane, and the others in the dorsal portion of the ventral segment.s ; the last two pairs diverge strongly, and are usually visible on the sides of the abdomen, below the elytra, which do not cover the pygidiuni. The clypeus is sometimes prolonged, but rarely conciive, as in most Melolonthida), and in many the mandi'des, though alwiiys short, project beyond the clypeus. The mentum is sometimes quadrate, sometimes pointed, with the ligula always corneouh iind connate; antenna) 9- or 10-jointed, with the club 8-j()inted, rarely elongated in the males; the cpiniera of the mesothorax reach the coxie, and are variable in form; the tarsi arc perfect, and the onychium is distinct. Three tribes, separated by the following characters, exist; in all of them the last spiracle is placed on the suture between the fifth ventral segment and the propygidium, which are closely (con- nate, and is usually nearer the anterior than the posterior uuiraii!, though in certain genera of the third tribe the reverse is the case. Claws of tlie tarsi unequal. Rutelim. Claws of the tarsi equal ; Anterior cox;c transverse, not prominent. Dykastlm. Anterior coxse conical, prominent. Cktokiim. r-n .V ,'::>:"^>; Tribe I.-RIITEMNI. These insects have entirely the form of certain Melolonthida', and are only distinguished from them by the position of tiie spir- acles, and the unequal size of the tarsal claws, which are chelate. In our genera the tarsi are short, with the joints cylindrical and closely connected; the epimera of the mesothorax have in somi> genera a tendency to ascend between the thorax and elytra, as in Cetonia ; the side pieces of the metathorax are narrow, with the epimera visible. The species live on leaves of trees; some nn; ornamented with metallic colors, and one of them, FlusioUs ylo- ' . ..I 112 COLEOPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. riosa, from the coi)i)er-niiiies of tbc Gila, of a pale Rreen color, with the margins of all the parts of the body and broad stripes oil the elytra of a pure polislied gold color, is the most beautiful Coleopterous insect known to me. But two groups are found in our country, and in both the labrum is horizontal, short, and sinuate, and the mcntum cpiadrate. Elytra with a membranous margin. Elytra without membranous margin. Anomaly. RUTELX. M M^ •'i".' 'j V. ' . '" ' '^- 1 \ ■it /.'- Ai" i* M Group I.— Anomalas. These insects are of small size, have O-jointed antenna;, and the mandibles in repose do not project beyond the clypeus. Only two genera occur in our fauna, and neither has yet been found on the maritime Pacific slope of the continent. One of the anterior and middle claws is cleft in all of our species. A. Epimera of the mesothorax inferior; elytra not eniarginate at base ; Prosternum not prominent behind the coxie. ; clypeus parabolic. Anomala. B. Epiraera of the mesothorax ascending; elytra eniarginate at base; Clypeus parabolic ; prothorax sulcate or impressed. Strigoderma. The species of the last-named genus have the elytra flattened and deeply sulcate; but two are included in our territory. Group II.— Rutelee. Insects of moderately large size, having 10-jointed antennae, and prominent mandibles; none have yet been found on the Pa- cific slope. Our genera belong to the sub-groups Pelidnot* and Areodaa, both having the thorax margined at base, and may be tabulated thus, all of our species having entire simple claws : — Clypeus separated from the front by a suture. rELIDN()T.il3. Mandibles externally bidentate at tip. PKLin.voTA. Mandibles not toothed externally. I'ia-.siotis. Clypeus not separate from the front. AREOD^E. Last joint of tarsi without any inferior prominence. Cotalpa. Pelidnota is represented only by the common P. punctata, a reddish-yellow insect, with three black spots on each elytron ; Plusiotis by the species from the Gila River before mentioned; Cotalpa by the common C. lanigcra, of a pale yellow color above, with a golden reflection, beneath dark metallic green, covered with white hair; C. granicoUis Ilald., a smaller, coarsely punc- v SCARAB.'EIPAE. 143 lurrd, and more hairy species, of a dark green color, witii reddish- brown elytra, is found in Uluh. The genus Antichira {Macranjn's McLcay) may be expected to occur in Texas; a species is found in the neighboring parts of Mexico, and is oblong, of u brilliant emerald-green metallic colur. It will be known by the thorax not nuirginod l)eliind, and the very large scutellum. It belongs to the group Autichirui. |^^.i»W^il >V.'f.1 ■-■■ H': H, ^i ■■-rt i a Tribe H.— DYXASTIXI. Insensible transitions through foreign genera connect closely this tril)C with the preceding, but those found in our fauna will not produce much dilliculty in the mind of the student. The mentum is usually narrowed and subacuniinate in front, rarely truncate. The claws of the tarsi arc equal, and simple, except in the male of Lifjiirun relictus, where the inner claw of the anterior tarsi is thickened, dilated, and suddenly incurved, and in Polyma'chns Lee, where the outer claw of the middle and hind tarsi of the male is armed with a strong tooth. The labrum, always visible in the preceding tribe, is here almost in- visible, and sometimes in part membranous. This tribe, among its foreign members, numbers the largest Coleoptcra existing; some of the genera are remarkable for the size and form of horns on the thorax and head of the nuiles. Organs of stridulation are found in many genera; they consist of rugose spaces, usually on the propygidium, sometimes on the inner surface of the elytra. The fifth ventral segment and the propygiilium arc connate, and the spiracle is on the suture nearer the anterior than the posterior margin. The sub-tribes represented in our fauna arc as follows : — Labial j^alpi inserted at tlie sides of tlie mentum ; Head and prothorax unarmed in lioth sexes. CYci.dCF.riiAi.r.M. Head and prothorax armed, or at least tuborculate, in butli ,se.\es ; Anterior feet of the males not elongated. OKYCTi.Nt. Anterior feet of the males elongated. Dy.nasti.m. Labial palpi inserted behind the mentum. I'iiileurini. Sub-Tribe 1.— Cyclocephalini. But two genera of this sub-tribe exist in our fauna ; they have the ai)pearance of MelolonthidiP. and are readily distinguished from the following sub-tribes by the thorax and head being en- I '^^ ■'';>?; ' •- ' ^\i ■ M^^x:-:] M.n^''*^i ■ *. if' '■4 Bin 144 ruLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMKUICA. tirt'ly (Icstitulc of tul)erclos, and by the clypciis being flat, para- bolic and finely margined; the mandibles project bnt slighlly, and are not toothed externally. The males have the fifth joint of the anterior tarsi much eidarged, and the elul) of the antenme is sometimes longer than in the female. Slridulating organs none ; posterior tibiie not festooned nor expanded at tip; mentuni trun- cate in front; antennus 10-jointed (0-jointed only in certain species of Cyelocephala) ; the thorax is oidy |)artially margined at tlio base; the prosternum is prominent behind the coxuj; the tar^i are cylindrical. Our two genera have the mcsosternum scarcely visiljle between the middle coxa3 ; Cyelocephala has the mandibles narrow, scarcely curved ; Chalepns has them broad, rounded extcrinilly, and curved. Cyelocephala is generally diU'used; Chalepus has not yet been found on the Pacific slope. ' - ■-■>'-■•;"*■• Sab-Tribe 2.— Oryctini. The insects of this sub-tribe vary much in size and form, l)ut have the following characters in common: — Labial palpi inserted at the sides of the raentum; mandibles prominent, usually toothed externally; head more or less tuber- culate (e.\ccpt in Strategus), always with some elevations, some- times armed with a horn ; thorax usually tuberculate or horned ; anterior feet not elongate in the males; clypeus not parabolic, but rather triangular, reflcxed with one or two small apical teeth ; mcntum narrowed in front ; posterior tibiaa expanded at the ex- tremity (except in Polymcechus), sometimes digitate; first joint of hind tarsi more or less elevated at its upper extremity. Stridu- lating organs are found except in Aphonus and Polymcechus. The sexual characters arc usually in the greater development of horns or tubercles in the male, rarely (Ligyrus relidus) in the thickening of the outer claw of the anterior tarsi ; and, in Polymcechus, in the elongation of the antennal club, and the outer claws of the middle and hind tarsi being armed with a strong tooth. Throe groups are represented : — Posterior tibia; expanded (sometimea but slightlj) at the extremity, trun- cate, and ciliate ; Auteuuoi alike iu both sexes. Fentodoktes. ec.vn.vij.TiDAE. • Ui"! Cliil) (if iiiitciiii.T fl()nj,'at(.'(l in tin; in.iU>. OuYi'TOMonriii. I'osturior tibia) digitate or featooiied at the extremity. UuYi raa. Group I.— Pentodontes. Moderato-Hizcil, ntbust, convex species, Imving the head slijrlitly tubereulato, or ratliei", in our species, witli siiiuU anterior ridges or teeth, alike in both sexes; thorax sometimes witli a small noute tubercle near tho anterior margin, sometimes entirely uniform, convex. Two genera occur in our fauna : Liiifyrus, generally dill'uscd ; Apliouus, from the Atlantic and Central districts. StriJiilating organs ou the iuuer surface of the elytra ; mandiWes toothed externally. Lrdvucs. Stridulating organs entirely wanting; maudlMes not toothed. Ai'iii>m>. For the description of our species, see Proc. Acad. >'at. iSci., Philadelphia, YIII, 19. Group II.— Oryctomorphl. I would refer to this group the very anomalous genus Polymre- chus Lee* although, in the opinion of Prof. Lacordairc, it may be placed in the sub-tribe Cyclocephalaj, near Pachylus, a very anomalous genus found in IJrazil. It is manifestly a transition form from Dynastini to Melolonthidte ; but, on aceouut of the form of the clypeus, which is trilobed, strongly margined, with two small apical teeth, and a short transverse carina each side behind, it would seera to belong more naturally in the present sub-tribe, with which also tho narrow mentum agrees. It resem- bles the foreign genera of this group in having the olul) of the antenna} elongated in tho males, but dilfers by the thorax not impressed, and tho strongly toothed outer claw of the middle and hind tarsi. It also agrees with them in the hind tibia; scarcely enlarged at the extremity, and the first joint of the hind tarsi not elevated. It has no organs of stridulation. The mandibles are not toothed externally. The only species, P. brevipes, is found in New York and Pennsylvania, but is quite rare. It is ol)long-oval, dark brown, seven-tenths of an inch long, with the elytra punctured in rows, becoming confused towards the suture. !,j: ' , ; -f* .. ; ' if < r- '• .-■;! * Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Pliil., VIII, 2.3. I . :,' 10 .1 m iu\ COLBOPTERA OF NOUTU AMEUICA. f*roup III.— Oryotes (gi>nuini). Large insects, having, in our gcneni, the niandil)lcs prominent, anil sonic'tinK's tootlied externally, sometimes 8imi)lo ; llie middle and lund tarsi expandfd at tip, and truncate in souu', digitate in otiiers ; lirsl joint of liind tarsi elevated. Our genera posse.-s stridulating organ.s, covering tlie greater jiart of tlie propvgidiuni. Tl>e iiead is liorned in (lie male and tubereulate in tlio female of Xyloryetes, l)ut has only two very minute tubercles in Strategus. MftiidiMes not toutlitvl oxtcrnally. Miuiilibli'S Mtroiigly toothed. Xyi.ouyctks. Stkatecii'S. No species has been found west of the Rocky Mountains. *? Sub-Tribe 3.— Dyiiastini (genuini). One species, Dynastes Titi/titf, of large size, found in the South- ern States, alone represents this sub-tribe in our fauna. It is of a greenish-gray color, with black spots scattered irregularly over the elytra. The characters of the tribe are: — Labial palpi inserted on the sides of the mcntum, which is acu- minate in front; mandibles prominent; head armed with horns in the male, tubereulate in the fcnnilc ; thorax horned in the nuile. simple and not impressed in the fennile; anterior feet longer in the males. In Dynastes the lirst joint of the posterior tarsi is not elevated, and there arc no stridulating organs. ;■»■ •'■.■:A'.'» 1®' m In till i Sub-Tribe 4.— Pliilcurini. This sub-tribe, of which we possess but the genus Phileurns, is at once distinguished from the others by tlie labial paljji inserted bclund the mentum. Other characters are: the niandildes promi- nent; head and prothorax alike in both sexes, the former with two short horns or tubercles, the latter tubereulate in our species, tliough not so in certain foreign ones; legs alike in both sexes; hind tibiie digitate or truncate at tip, not expanded; first joint of hind tarsi elevated ; stridulating organs on the inner surface of the elytra, along tlie lateral margin. Li I'hileurus the mentum is of moderate size, oval, slightly eniarginate in front, and the first joint of the hind tarsi is pro- longed into a spine at the extremity. Four species are known in our fauna, one of which, P. raJcjus, 111 i SC.VIIAII.KID.VE. 1 r, is iilst) fniniil in Scuitli Amcricn ; of llic otliors, P. Irnn<'nt\i.* in- Imbits tliu iSoutliiTU Matos, 1\ vribru/nin Ti'Xiis, and J'. illu(n.< Culirornia. Tri).f rii.-rFTO\"ii:\'i. In ftililitii)U ti) the ('(iiiioal proiniin'iit anterior roxio, tliis tribe is (listinjruisiiccl liy the (((.•{•urrt'iice in it of ccrtiiin pccnliaritit's not fouiul at all, or only oxci'i»llonally, in tiio other tribes of pleurostieti. In tlie majority of cfenera the mandibles arc feebly dev(do])ed, and in jrreat part mcnibranons; tliey and the labrnin are alwuy-s under liie elypeiis; tiie anlennie are always lO-joiiited, with ;j- jolnted chili; the inleriial lobe of the maxilluj is obsolete; the elytra do not cover the pygidium, and the opipleura* are not (listinet; the side jiioees of the mesothorax are large, and ascend between the thorax and base of the elytra so as to be usnally visible from above; the last pair of spiracles is situated on the suture between the connate liflh ventral and propygidinni, bnt is variable In position, being sometimes near the jiosterior margin, sometimes near the anterior one; the chnvs are always e(|iial and simple, with a distinct onyehiiim, which, however, is very small in Cremastochilus ; the ventral segments are six. not connate, although very slightly movable ; the mesosternum Is usually pro- minent between the coxa^; the side pieces of the nietutliorax are varial)le in size, but the ei)imera are always vlsil)le. The genuine Cetoniio, in flying, do not raise or expand the elytra, as most Coleoptera do, but pass the wings out from the side, under the elytra, which do not embrace at all the sides of the body. IJoth sub-tribes are found in our fauna. i •••1 Kpimera of the mesothor.nx visilile from Jiliovo. Epimuia of tlie mesotliorax not visiblo from above. Cetoniiki, Tkicuii.m. ilauf'. Sub-Tribe 1.— Cetoiiiini (geiiuiiii). The elytra in the genera here placed are always sinuate on tlie side, and the mesosternum Is almost always prominent; tiie e])i- mera of the mesothorax ascend between the prothorax and elytra, and are visible from above. The foreign genera exhiliit an intri- cate network of atlinities, which all the labor of IJurmelster and Lacordaire hj\s failed to represent In a synoptic form; our fauna is so limited, however, that our groups may be thus defined:^ — ^^■■■'r^i-'C; ' '; -'■■ ■..* , >'. i. ,- • ••■ ^ • . • ■'} 'mm ■ < ■ - ■ '»! :/,'<'-\NJ , •: .'■'vi.SJ ■ ^ : •'■ ■■:i A •fe^'.k^ %'>f 148 COLEOrTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Mandibles feeble, in groat part moiubranou.s ; last spiracle midway between the anterior and posterior margin of the segment ; Prothorax lobed at the base, covering the scutellum. Gymnetes. Scuteilum not covered by the thorax. Cetoni^. Ma'i.iibieh with the outer part thickened ; last spiracle near the posterior :iiargiu of the segment, the suture nearly effaced. Ckemastocuiu. fm' kit ■i -^ \u m. l> ^ J.' I? > ft" Group I.— Gymnetes. But two genera of this group occur in our fauna. Allorhina having tlie clypeus armed with a short horn ; Gymnetis with the clypous flat. Allorhina nilida extends over the Atlantic slope, and is a well-l\nown green, velvt-ty insect, nearly an inch long, somewhat pointed in front, with the sides of the tii(tra.\ and elytra usually brownish yellow. Other species will probably be found in oar southwestern territories. Oymnetis Salhi is found in Louisiana, Texai, and Mexico. It is a beautiful velvety, olive-colored insect, of the same form as Allorhina, three-fourths of an inch long, variegated with pale yellow marks, whidi unite on the niai'gin of the thorax and elytra. No species of this group has yet been found ou the Pacific slope. Group 11. — Cetonias. Our species, although arranged by Burmeister in three genera — Euphoria, Erirhipis, and Stephanucha — have been united by Lacordair'* with other foreign forms, and for the combiuod genus he retains the name Em-yomia, distinguished from the other genera by the miixillae not toothed, and the clypeus usually paraboli. , sometimes parallel, and rarely emaiginate in front. They are all of moderate size, nearly parallel behind, and pointed in front. None iiave yet been found on the racKic slope. Group III.— Cremastochili. liesidcg the greater development of the mandibles, and the position of the last spiracle near tlie posterior extremity of the obliterated suture bcuween the fifth vential and propygidium, the mentum iu our spc ,ies affects a very unusual form ; it is, in fact, a large cup-shap'd body sometimes acute behind, sometimes in- cised, but passiiig by gradation from one to the other form. The ncsoatcnMu is not protuberant. BrrnESTiTiAE. Hi) The species are elongate, dull black ur brown, coarsely punc- tured insects, with the u]ipfT surface flattened, and cntirel}' desti- tute of the varied colors Avhicli render the species of the two previous groups so ornamental. I regard our speeies as all belonging to one genus, Crerna- stochilus, althougli the differences in form of the menlum are considerable; rsiluonemus Burm. is one of these variant forms, but is established on a species (P. hucoi'fivta) unknown to me. True Cremastoehilus, having the mfntum deeply concave, and incised behind, is confined to the Atlantic slope, as far as the Platte River; the groii])s \vi*h the nientum pointed behind are distributed from the Tlatte River to the Pacific Ocean. Sub-Tribe 2.— Trichiini. These insects are readily distinguished by the side pieces of the mesothorax not rising so as to be visible above, and by the elytra not being sinuate on the sides: the thorax is narrower than the elytra, and usually rounded on the sides, giving the insects a difierent appearrnce from those of the preceding sub-tribe; the last spiracle is nearer the anterior than the posterior margin of the segment lU Osmoderma, about the middle in Triehius and Gnofliiiiu, and near the posterior margin in Valgus. No species of this sub-tribe has yet been found on the Pacific slope. Our four genera may be .hus arranged, none having the meso- sternum proluoerant: — roslerior coxse contiguous ; External lobe of maxillae corneous. Osmoderma. External lobe of maxillw coiiaceous, lamelliforra : Elytra longer than wide, tlu.rax sinuate ai base. Gnoruicb. Elytra, u"* longer than wide, thorax rounded at base. TKitjiiDB. Posterior eo-Xc-B widely separat-^d. Vakjus. I nave strong doubts whether Gnorimus should be retairiod as distinct from Triehius. !'■ *. .I ^. >^.> ■ ■~\f- Fam. XXXIIL— BUPRESTIDAE. Mentnra moderate, subquadratc, or triangular, sometimes transverse, the anterior ]iart in many genera nembranous; ligula i'requeatly not promiaent; labial palpi short, 3 joiiited. i \--'i 5 {ir If. f': 150 coleoptf.ua of north amekica. Maxilla) exposed at the base, with ciliatc, 'inarmed lobes ; palpi short, 4-jointcd. Antennaj inserted upon the front, lljointed, serrate, the outer joints usually furnished with pore.s, which are dillused on the sides, or concentrated in a fovea on the inferior margin or at its extremity. Head immersed in the thorax to the eyes, which are ellip- tical, and never emarginate; labrum small, prominent; man- dibles short, stout. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate from the upper piece; coxal cavities separated by tlie iirosternum, widely open behind; prosternutn prolonged behind, fitting into the mesosternum, or even the metasternum. Meso.sternum short, excavated, so that the visible part is frequently divided into two portions, which comj)lete the anterior coxal cavities; side pieces large, diagonally divided; epimera narrowly attaining the coxte. Metasternum Avith the side pieces narrow; epimera visible. Elytra covering the abdomen, or leaving only the pygi- dium exposed; epipleurai narrow ; wings large. Abdomen with five ventral segments, the first and securd connate, the others free; the fifth joint frequently emarginate in the males, leaving a small sixth joint visible. Anterior coxre separate, small, globular, received between the pro- and mesosternum, with the trochantin distinct; middle coxx separate, globular, with the trochantin distinct; posterior coxiv transverse, usually nearly contiguous, con- cave behind, dilated into a plate partially covering the femora when retracted. Legs short; tibito usually slender, with two small terminal spurs; tarsi 5 jointed, the first four joints with more or less developed membranous appendages beneath; onychium none. The species of this family are, in general, elongate in form, and ornamented with metallic colors; the lame perforate the stems of living plants, and the perfect insects are found partly on flowers, partly sunning themselves on trees, during the hotter seasons of the year. A monograph of the species bolonginjr to our fauna has been published by me in the Transactions of the American Philosophi- cal Soeiotv, vol. XI, in which, with slight modifications, I adopted the eiassKieatioM of Lacurdaire; the charaet.ers of the groups have been fartlier modified by the views of Duval, and the divisions here prxx, and its lateral sutures arc obliciue ; the mesosternum is always divided, so that the cavity for the reception of the prosternum is formed both by the meso- and metasternum ; the side pieces of the latter are always visible, and the opimera are triangular, with the hind margin sometimes straight, and applied to the coxa", sometimes partly covered by tlie prolongation of the abdomen, which intervenes between the coxaj aud the margin of the body. The hind coxa? are broader internally ; their anterior margin is straight and transverse; the hind margin is oblique. The antennal ]»ores are diffused on the sides of the joints in the first group, concentrated in marginal foveae in the others. The species are more or less flattened in form. Our gioups are the following; — Epimera of metathorax triangular, uncovered ; prost^nmm obtusely angu- lated behind the coxa' ; Mesosternum and metastenium closely united. CiiAi.rornon.*. Mesosternal suture distinct. Bi'pdkstks. Epimera of metathorax partly covered by abdomen ; prosternum acutely angulated behind the cox«> ; Front not contracted by insertion of antenna'. ANTnAXLiE. Front contracted by iusertiou of auteunae. Cubtsobotukes. ' 1 ' f M 153 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. ml 8 ■ i1 tjgiys 1 ■ ■♦''' >^^l ill I ■1). ■ •- -v. I? Group I.— Chalcophoras. Insects of large size, readily known by the antennal pores being (lifl'iisod on the sides of the joints, but sometimes only near the iul'erior margin, and by the mesosternul suture being indislinct. C'luilcoi)hora Is generally distributed through our territory, and some of the species are abundant in the Middle States ; the other two genera are found in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The male of Chalcophora has a distinct sixth ventral segment. Aiitennfo inserted under a ridge ; mentum rounded in front ; posterior tarsi with the first joint elongated. Oyascl-tuh. Antennne inserted in small fove.T ; mentum broadly emarginate in front ; posterior tarsi with the first joint elongated. Ciiai.cojmioua. Autenu.-B inserted in large foveip ; mentum hroadly rounded in front ; pos- terior tarsi with the drst joint not elongated. rsiLorTURA. Group II.— Buprestes. Species of moderate size and usually of elongate form ; the antennal cavities are small, aiul the front is not lobed before the antcnniP ; the pores of the latter are placed in fovete situated on the inferior margin of the joints, except in Cinyra, where they are terminal. The species of Dieerca and Pcecilonota are of a dull bronze color; some are abutidant; they are remarkable for the tips of the elytra more or less prolonged, forming a kind of tail. Sexual characters vary in the diflerent genera, and in the groups of species of each genus ; they are found in the form of the ante- rior or middle tibia;, in the outline of the tip of the fifth ventral segment. I have not observed a distinct external sixth segment in the male of any species. Picerca and Ancylochira are gene- rally diffused ; the other two genera are not yet found west oi' Platte River. Prosternum obtusely rounded behind ; Wentum entirely corneous ; Seutellum small, rounded. Scutellum very transverse, truncate. Meiitimi membranous anteriorly. Prosternuin acute at tip. DrCEECA. i'ojcilonota. Ancylochika, ClNYUA. Group III.— Anthaxiae. Species of umnll size, usually flatlened, rarely linear; the pro- sternum is acutely angulaled on the sides behind the coxie, and !p^i| BLTRESTIDAE. 153 acute nt tip; the racsosternum is consequently narrowly divided; the suture sepurating it from the metasteniuni is distinct; the antennal pores are placed in foveiu at the extremity of the inferior margin of the joints; the front is not lobed before the antennae. Dut two genera, both diffused over our whole territory, are found in our fauna : — Meiiturn coriaceou.s in front; prothorax sinuate at bahc. Mi:LANoriiiLA. Mentum entirely corneous ; prothoiax truncate at base. A.mhaxia. The sculpture of Anthaxia is peculiar, consisting on the head and thorax of shallow punctures, with the iuterveuing lines form- ing a fine network. Group IV.— ChryBobothreB. This is the first of the groups in which the antenna; are inserted at the inner extremity of two short obli(pie grooves, by which the front is narrowed ; before these grooves it again is widened, and the anterior margin is emarginate in an angular form, so as to produce a bilobed appearance. The mentum is corneous at liase, membranous at apex ; the prosternum is acutely angulated on the sides behind the coxic, and is also acute at tip; the mesostcrnum is larger than usual, and only narrowly divided ; the scutellum, small in all the preceding groups, is here large and acuminate; each elytron is rounded or subangulated at base, and enters the base of the thorax, which thus becomes lobed. The anterior femora in our species are strongly toothed ; the membranous lobes of the first and second joints of the tarsi are obsolete. The species arc of a rather broad and usually flattened form, with the elytra impressed in the form of bands or spots, sometimes of a brilliant metallic color; the sexual dillerences are in the form of the anterior or middle tibite, and in the tip of the a))domen. The species of Chrysobothris are numerous, found in our entire territory, and many of them closuly allied; Acteuodes is found ou the Atlantic slope, from New Yorli to Texas. We have now but two species in our fauna; but as tlu; genus is well represented in Mexico, other species may be expected to occur in Texas.* Third joint of tarsi truncate ; Liud tarsi with the first joint elongati'il. CUKY!otlcriv, and might be cunsidurod as typos of as many sub-groups. Hind coxDB with the anterior m;irgiu somewhat concave ; side pieces of metathorax not covered ; stutellum visible ; claws simple. Polvlesta. Hind cox!e with tlie anterior iiiaigiu straight ; Claws with a broad basal tooth ; Scatellum indistinct ; side pieces of metathorax partly visible. ACM.ICODERA. Scutellum visible ; side pieces of metathorax covered by the elytra. Ptosima. Claws simple ; scutellum visible ; side pieces of metathorax visibK". Chuysoi'hana. Polycesta and Acmsieodera are found on both sides of the conti- nent, I'tosima in the Atlantic States, and Clirysophana in Oregon ; the last genus is entirely glaVn'ous above, the others are clothed more or less densely with erect hair. Tribe IV.— HAPLOSTETHINI. This tribe contains but a single species from the Atlantic States, Haplostelhus suhcyaneus Lee, and is the smallest IJu- prestide known. The form is cylindrical, and resembles sume- what certain Acmajoderte; the color is bluish l)lack. The antenna are inserted in cavities narrowing the front, which does not expand again anteriorly, as in the next triljc ; the mouth is small, deflexed, but not applied to the prosternum ; the mentuui is entirely corneous. The prothorax is truncate at base, closely applied to the elytra. The prosternum is broad, truncate before and behind, with the lateral sutures parallel. The mesosternum is not visible ; the metasternum is broadly truncate in front, and applied to the prosternum ; the cpimera of the metasternum an; triangular, not covered by the abdomen. The hind coxa; arc not dilated inwards, slightly broader outwards, and -extend to the elytra ; the anterior margin is sliglitly concave, the hind one not ol)lique. The legs are not contractile ; the claws are broad'y toothed. Tribe V.— ACiRItllVI. In this tribe the body is usually slender, sometimes, however, very broad and Hat; in both cases it is narrowed behind. Tlio species are found on leaves and flowers. The front is strongly narrowed by the insertion of the antenna), 1-;'' ; ! • f^ 1 , '4 '■•!» ^: ■i m ■ 1 '\ m ir)6 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. anil Is then expanded again, forming two diverging lobes; the anterior piirt of tlie head is vertieal ; tlic moutli inferior, and applied to the prosternum in repose ; the mentum is large, trian- gular, and corneous. The prothorax is lobed at the base, receiv- ing the convex bases of tiie elytra. The prosternum is broad in front, with oblique sutures, euneate behind, and scarcely angulated behind the coxse ; the mesosternum is small, completely and fre- quently widely divided ; the metathoracic cpimera are small, and frequently not visible. The hind coxae are but slightly dilated internally, narrowest at the middle, and broader externally, with the anterior margin more or less concave, and the hind margin not oblique. The legs are contractile, and the claws are strongly toothed, or even cleft, except in Taphrocerus, where they are connate at base, and simple. Two groups exist in our fauna, as follows : — AntenniB free. Auteuuse received in grooves. AoRILI. BlJACUES. Group I.— Agrill. The body is always elongated ; the prosternum is pointed behind ; the anterior and middle coxiE are separated by about the same distance ; the anterior margin of the hind coxae is very distinctly concave, and the prolongation of the abdomen reaches, but does not extend along, the side pieces of the metathorax ; there are no grooves on the under surface of the prothorax, for the reception of the antennaj ; the tarsi are long or moderate ; the scutellum is transverse and acuminate in our genera, which are but two in number: Agrilus is generally difl'used ; Coroebus is represented by but one species, C. cogitans, in the Atlantic States. Hind tarsi with first joint scarcely elongated. CorjEbcs. Hind tarsi with first joint as long as the three following. Agkilus. Group II.— Braches. I formerly considered this as identical with the European group Trachcs, but the characters are sufficient to warrant its being placed as distinct. The body is rarely elongated, usually broad and ovate ; the middle coxfe are a little more distant than the anterior ones, and the mesosternum is very widely divided ; the prosternum is very variable in form ; the anterior margin of the TimOSCIDAE. l.-^T hind coxa; is but slightly concave, nnd the prolonjratinn of tlio ab(li)nuMi extends a short distance along the side pieces of tiie nie- tathorax ; the sides of the prothorax beneath are deeply grooved near the margin, for the reception of the antennie ; the legs are very contractile, the tibia) usually sulcate for the reception of the tarsi, which are very short ; the scutelluni is triangular. Three of the four forms, which, following the example of Lucorduire, I considered as groups of species, have been regarded by others as genera, and may bo distinguished as follows : — Body elongate ; scutellum small ; prosteruum poiutud behind. TArniiorEnrs. Body ovate ; scutellum small ; prostemum obtuse behind ; tibia' linear. BUACTIVS. Body triangular ; scutellum large ; pro?t«i uum very broad, aluio.-^t truncate behind; tibia- dilated. Metomi'.s. Fam. XXXI v.— T imOSCIDAE. Mentura small, narrov\red in front; ligula membranous, not prominent; palpi short, 3 jointed. Maxilhe exposed at the base, with two lobes, inner one very small; palpi 4-jointecl. Antenna) inserted on the front, received in grooves extend- ing along the inferior margin of the protliorax, 11-jointed; sometimes serrate, sometimes with a loose serrate o-joiutcd club. Head immersed in the thorax to the eyes, which are ellip- tical; mouth inferior, applied to the prosternum; mandibles small; labrum prominent. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate, deeply sulcate along the sternal suture, for the reception of the antenna); coxal cavities small, open behind, being completed by the mesosternum; prosternum with an anterior rounded lob(3 protecting the mouth, prolonged behind into a flat process received in the mesosternum. Mesosternum short, excavated in the middle for the pro- sternum, completing on each side the anterior coxal cavities; side pieces very transverse, attaining the coxa). Metasternum with the side pieces very narrow. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen; epipleura3 distinct. Abdomen with five ventral segments, not connate, though closely connected. 'it;..-f ''f/j^/i-'V ■:'ri ■:.. -.t-^^i,.^ am i'! ;*!? 158 rOLEOriERA OF NORTH AMKRICA. Anterior and middle coxte small, rounded, not prominent, without trochantins, the anterior ones received in cavitiea formed by the pro- and mesoaternum ; posterior coxie trans- verse, contiguous, dilated into a plate partly covering the thighs. Legs short, contractile; tibiio slender, with indistinct spurs; tarsi short, 5-jointed, joints 1 — 4 furnished beneath with long membranous lobes ; claws simple, onychium none. This family contains only a few small species belonging to two genera, representing dilfcrent tribes ; they are found on flowers, and have been classed witii Eucnoniida? by some recent authors, although the totally dilferent construction of the anterior coxal cavities at once separates them. They do not possess the power of leaping, like most species of the next family, and the fixity of the prothorax on the trunk would show that any such act is me- chanically impossible. Species of both genera are found on the Atlantic and Pacific slopes. The tribes and genera are distinguished as follows : — AnteniKP terminated by a 3-jointe\< prosternum long, usuiilly lobod in front, prolonged holiind, I'orming an acute proceH.s moving in the moso.sternuni. Mesosternum short, excavated in the middle for the recep- tion of the prosternal process; coxal cavities small, usually angulated externally; side pieces largo, epiuieru reaching the coxai. Metasternum usually long, side pieces narrow, cpimera slightly visible. Elytra covering the abdomen (rarely abbreviated in the female); epipleura) distinct, extending to the apex; scutel- lum visible. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, fifth rounded at the apex (except in the female of Euthysanius), sixth visible in some of the tribe I'lastoeerini. Anterior coxa3 small, rounded, without trochantins, con- tained entirely in the prosternum, in cavities oj)en behind; middle coxa) small, rounded or angulated externally, with a distinct trochantin* in the second sub-family, but none in the first; posterior coxic transverse, oblique, contiguous, dilated into a plate covering in part or entirely the thighs (except in Cerophytuni). Legs short, sometimes contractile; tibiae usually slender, with the spurs very small, or scarcely visible; tarsi 5-jointed, simple or lobed beneath; claws simple, toothed, or pectinated; onychium none, or very short and bisetose. A very large family, and including the Eucnemidic (regarded by many as a distinct family), very sharply defined by the above cbaracters. A few of the species of the first sub-family, and the majority of those of the third, possess the singular power of springing in the air when placed on the back. Tins is efi'ected by extending the protliorax so as to bring the prosternal spine to the anterior part of the mesosternal cavity, then suddenly relaxing the muscles so that the si)iiie descends violently into the cavity; the force given by this sudden movement eauses the base uf the elytra to strike the supporting surface, and by their elasticity the whole body is propelled upwards. It is consequently obvious that the existence of this leaping power is dependent on a loose articulation between the pro- and niesothorax; and, in fact, this is a remarkable character in the majority of the genera of the family, though not apparent in most * Lacordaire states that no trochantin is visihlo ; Imt I find it distinct in nil the fxencra examined of genuine Klateiida;, but in no other except I'ero- thops, iu which it is merely rudimentary. '•.' •■.'n[' ^& '■ .0^ \^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) <$" <;^ # 4 w t-^^ ^'sr €^s> fA ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 If Ha iiM ■'■ lU 112.2 140 6" 12.0 U III 1.6 V] <^ /}. "cr'l c*. c*l -*, , and then flattened out; the mandibles arc slender and prominent; the palpi with the last joint securiform. The lobe of the pro- sternum is very short, and protects the mouth partly; it is sepa- rated by a transverse groove, almost as in Anelastes. The plate of the hind coxie is suddenly dilated internally; the trochanters are broad, and of the usual size ; the joints 1 — 4 of the tarsi gradually diminish in length and breadth; the claws are finely pectinate to the apex. Sub-Family III.— ELATERIDAE. The antenna? in this sub-family are widely separated, inserted in small foveie under the margin of the front, before the eyes. The mouth is usually anterior; the mandibles are small and re- tracted, except in the last tribe, in which, too, are found the only genera having the labrum connate with the front. The middle coxa; are always angulated externally, with a small, but distinct, trochantin, so that the episterna are not cut off from the coxal cavity. In a few genera of the last tribe the anterior and middle coxiB are conical. The tibiir are slender in all the genera. The tribes appear to me to be naturally arranged as follows: — Antennae received in deep prostemal grooves. AoRvrMM. Antenna; not received in proistern.il grooves ; Meso- and luetaaternuni connate. CnALCoi.EPimrxi. Mesosterual suture distinct (side pieces of metathorax narrow in our tribes) ; First joint of antenn;e very long. Ukmirhipini. First joint of antenme moderate ; Apex of mandililes olituse or emarginate. Elatkrini. Mandibles with the tip slender, prolonged, acute. PLASToc£iiiNi. I ■ /.: Tribe I.— A«RYPNII¥I. These insects are easily recognized by the antenna; received in grooves excavated along the prostemal sutures; the mandibles are emarginate at tip, or toothed; the front flat or concave; the mesosteruum not, or but slightly, protuberant; the coxal plates 164 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. are graduall.v, but slijrlilly, diluted inturnally ; the tarsi in onr genera have tiio joints :;lightly inflated beneath, not furnished with membranous lobes; the prosternal lobe is large; the an- tennoB arc serrate iu our genera. The species are found under bark of dead trees. Antennal grooves occupying the whole, or nearly the whole, of the pro- sternal suture ; Third joint of the anteuuae smaller or narrower than the fourth. AfiuYrjfrs. Third joint of the antenna equal to, or larger, than the fourth. Adelocera. Antennal grooves much abbreviated behind. Lacon. Of Agrypnus two species are found in Texas; Adelocera is found in our whole territory, and Lueou in the Southern States and Kansas. t'l |i|> Tribe II.— CHALCOLEPIDII^'I. The genus Chalcolepidius is represented by four species, one (C viridijniis) found iu the Atlantic States, two in Arizona, and one In southern California. They are very large insects, clothed v.-ith depressed scales; the mesosternum is protuberant, and en- tirely connate with the metasternuni, the suture being obliterated. The antenna) are pectinate in the male of C. viridipilis and sma- raydiniis. The genus Alaus is represented by three species in the Atlantic district; it is commonly separated widely from Chal- colepidius, but the protuberant mesosternum, closely connected with the nietasternum, with scarcely a trace of suture, indicates its afilnity with that genus. The form of body, too, is not unlike. In both genera the coxal plates arc gradually dilated inwards, and strongly toothed at the in.sertion of the thighs ; the mandibles have the tip entire, but not prolonged ; the front is concave, not margined behind the labrum, but deflexed ; the tarsi are not lobcd beneath, but very densely pubescent, and the claws are simple. Scutellum obeordate; margin of elytra obsolete in front. CuALCOLErinius. Bcutellum oval ; elytra strongly margined. Alaus. Tribe III.— HEIWIRHIPIIVI. In this tribe, represented only hy Hemirhipus fasciculans, the front is concave, margined anteriorly; the mandibles are acute at ELATERIDAE. Ifi5 the tip; the antcnnne (flal)i'llatc and 12-joiiitoil in ITomirliipiis) liave tlio llr.st joint very long, iind the otliors small and oiiual in size ; the prosternal lobe is large, the sutures are concave outwards and double; the coxal plates are etpially broad at the inner and outer portion, with a tooth at the origin of the thighs; the tarsi are not lobed beneath, but densely clothed with fine pubescence. The species extends from Xew York to ]kazil, is of large size, densely clothed with short brown pubescence; black, with the elytra muddy yellow, varied with small dusky spots. Tribe IV.— ELATERIXI. This tribe comprises the great bulk of the species, and contains many genera differing in various peculiarities of structure, but all agreeing in having the antennaj not received in prosternal grooves, the mesosternal suture distinct, and the side pieces of the meta- thorax narrow. The mandibles are short, and never extend far beyond the labrum ; they are usually emarginate, rarely subacute, but not much prolonged at the apex ; in the latter case, however, the metasternum is not acute in front, as in the next tribe. Sub-tribes may be defined as follows : — Coxal plates .suddenly dilated inwards. Elatfri.m. Cuxal plates gradually dilateu iuwards. Cuutmuitim. ' *;r."'t" ■w"a;a''; Sub-Trilio 1. — Elaterini (gennini). No Other character can be given to separate this sub-trioe from the next but the form of the plates of the hind coxic, which arc suddenly dilated about the middle, with the outer part much nar- rower than the inner; there is always a strong tooth at the insertion of the thighs; the front is margined anteriorly in all of our groups except the last; the prosternum is always lubed in front; the prosternal sutures are double, except in the first two promts, where they arc entirely simple; the mandibles emarginate or toothed at the tip ; the tarsi are variable in form, but the claws are never serrate. The following groups are represented in our fauna : — Margin of tlie front elevated behind the labrum ; Prosternal spine truncate behind ; scutellum cordiform. CABDiopnoBi. rrosternal spine acute ; scutellum oval ; rrosteruum broad, sutures single, convex outwards. Ckvptouypsi. •t^.,, ■ A ■I m 100 COLEOPTERA OV NORTH AMERICA. rrosternum moderate, sr'ures doublt), straight or concave ; Tiir«i not IoIm-J beneiith. Ei.ateres. Tliird Joint uf tarsi lobud. FiiVriouiiiM. Fourth joint of tarsi lobed. Mo.vm uepidii. Second and third joints of tarsi with long lobes. Dickeimdh. Margin of the front not elevated. LuDii. Group I.— Cardiophori. The species arc usually small, and convex in form, remarkably distinguished by the prosternal spine being truncate behind, and fitting like a wedge into the mesosternuui ; the scutellum is cordi- forin ; the front is margined, but not concave ; the coxal plates are suddenly dilated inwards. Several species of Cardiophorus represent this group in every part of our country. Group II.— Cryptohypni. This group contains only small species, and is easily known by the margined front, the suddenly dilated coxal plates, and the broad prosternum, with the sutures single, and convex outwards ; the coxal plates are scarcely toothed at the insertion of the thighs; the tarsi are filiform. Cryptohypnus is generally diffused ; (Edostethus contains but one species from the Atlantic district. Claws simple ; tarsi moderate, clothed with stiff hairs. Cryptohypxus. Claws with a tooth at the middle ; tarsi long, pubescent. (Edostetucs. Group III.— Blateres. In this group are species having the front convex and mar- gined ; the thorax always narrowed in front ; the prosternum not very wide, with the sutures distinctly double, and sometimes excavated in front, straight or concave outwards; the posterior coxal plates narrow externally, suddenly dilated internally, and toothed at the origin of the thighs; the tarsi not dilated or lobed (the anterior ones in Blauta very slightly so), and the claws entire. Our genera are : — Prosternal sutures excavated in front ; Tarsi spongy beneath, the anterior ones slightly lobed. Blacta. Tarsi ciliate beneath, entirely simple. Elateb. Prosternal sutures not excavated in front ; Third joint of antt'nnic longer th.au the second. Dra.sterics. Second and third joints of autennje small, equal. Meoapestuks. ELATEniDAE. 167 i ' J"' Drftsterius fs united by Diiviil with Cryptoliypnus, but tlio narrower prostemuin, with (li)ul)lo sutures, ilisiinguish it mtv strongly from that g<'uus. Our sitecies {fjlulcr ({or!iuU.H Suy, L'l. elegaiiH Fabr., M. amabilis Lee, M. comia Lee., and 31. lirtnK Lee.) were included by me in Moiioerepidius, but are distri- buted, with some new ones, by Caudeze, between the genus now under consideration and -Kolus. The species of Mcgapenthes wore placed in Elater by me, but very properly separated by CandOze. There is not an entire agreement between them in the form of the eoxal plates; thus, the outer portion is much narrower in M. sti>nnusus than in the nearly allied M. caprella. I would also include in this genus Li limbalis llerbst, though the coxal plates are much less suddenly dilated internally; hardly more so, in fact, thau iu Corijinbilt's sethiops. Group IV.— Physorhlnl. The small number of species constituting this group have the third joint of the tarsi furnished beneath with a membranous lobe, the fourth being small, and received upon the fourth. The front is very convex, its anterior margin rounded; the posterior coxal plates very narrow externally, suddenly dilated and strongly ' M'M toothed internally; the claws are simple; the mesosternum always ,' v'^ oblique; the prostcrnal sutures double, and iu our gu-'uera exeu- f vated in front. . - Coxal plates very suddenly, almost rectangularly, dif.ated; ' ' ..*,■■ Second and third joints of antouure together ei^ual to the fourth. - CEEPlDOTRITrS. Third joint equal, or nearly equal, to the fourth. BiiAcuYCKEpis. Coxal plates obliquely, but very strongly, dilated; second and third joints i'. of antennas together nearly equal to the fourth, A.nchastus. \M To Crepidotritus belong Cryptohypnus cinereipennis Mann. ' (Anchastus recedens Lcc) and C. tautillus Mann., both from : California. To Brachycrepis I would refer, besides the type B. bicarinatus Lee., also Elater binus Say. ; the latter may, how- ever, constitute a new genus, as the joints of the anteunai are carinate on the middle of the broad surface. Group v.— Monocrepidil. In this group the front is convex, margliu'd in front; the first joint of the antenna; is longer thau usual; the prosterual ::uiurcs n '** :■'■ '''i m *■'';» 1 '■] '} i k " !-, ■ ■ . '» :'. .'■ ■ ■',■■'*' H IP J|iy|^ b 108 COLEOPTERA OF NORTII AMERICA. lire iloiil)Ic, strai^'lit or concave, ftiid scarcely excavated !n front; the cuxul jtlates arc suddenly dilated internally, wllli the unglo ruuiiik'd, us in Drusterius, and u tooth at the origin of the tiiigliH; the fourth joint of the tarsi is oljiiquely prolonged into a mem- branous lobe. The genera .■Kolus and Ileterodercs, as adopted l)y Candcze, appear to be untenalile, and heterogeneous, as already observed by Duval ; I therefore continue to refer all of our species to Monoerepidius, removing to Drasterius those with simple tarsi, which were formerly included by mo in the same genus. Group VI.— Dlcrepldli. The strongly margined front, the prosternal sutures, excavated in front, and concave outwards, and the tarsi with lobes beneath the second and third joints, will distinguish this group. The species are elongate, brown, hairy insects, with strongly serrate antenna?, sometimes even pectinate in the males. The eoxal plates are strongly dilated Inwards, and toothed. They are found in the Southern States and Texas, and belong to two genera : — Mesosternum horizontal ; anterior part of front with two crests, uniting above with the frontal margin. DicuF.i'iDirs. Mesosteruum ohlinue ; front not crested. Isciiiorontcs. To the latter genus belong Elater aoleatus Say, Dicrejndius ferrciis Lee, and Z>. simplex Leo. ii Group VII.— Ludii. This group has the front convex, but not margined behind the labrum ; the prosternal sutures concave outwards ; the tarsi simple, pubescent beneath, and the posterior coxal plates less suddenly dilated internally, but still distinctly angulatcd at the middle of the hind margin, and strongly toothed at the insertion of the thighs. The species are usually of large, though one species, which I place in Ludius, is of moderate size ; it is the Oregon L. tartareus, formerly included by me in Elater. Our genera are three, thus distinguished : — Angle of the hind coxiB acute, promineut ; Mt'sostern'im declivous, not prominent. Lcmrs. Mesosternum protuberant. Ortuostktuus. Angle of the hind coxae obtuse, broadly rounded. Cuiomus. le, and concave outwards; the coxal jdotcs are grndniilly dilated inwards, and toothed at the origin of the thighs ; tho tarsi arc not lobed beneath, and the claws are strongly pe(;tinatc. Unr species are numerous, and all belong to Mehuiotus, for which I unfortunately adopted the more recent name Cralunychua in my revision of the Elateriduj of the United States. I' Group III.— Athol. Here arc to he placed all species having tho front margined; the mouth anterior; the coxal plates narrow, gruilually dilated inwards, scarcely toothed; the claws simple; and the prosternal sutures nearly straight, double, though rarely excavated in front; the first joint of the antenuie is moderate. The front is sometimes not oidy margined, but deeply concave, by the margin being re- flexed ; in some species of Limonius the margin is almost obsolete at the middle, establishing thus a transition to the group Coryni- bites; the prosternal lobe is sometimes obsolete, and the middle coxa; are in Campylus very approximate, so that the metasternum becomes acute in front. The tarsi have sometimes the second and third joints slightly lobed beneath. The body is usually slender, and rarely (Pityobius) of large size. Our genera are : — Tarsi with tl»e first joint scarcely longer than the second. Tarsi with the first joint elongated ; Trosternal lobe very short ; Metasternum acute ; antenna) 11-jointed. Metasternum obtuse ; antewiie 12-joiuted. Prosternal lobe long. Gambrimis Lee. is not sufficiently distinct from Limonius, nor Pedetes from Athous. The males of Pityobius are remarkable for the antennu3 having on each side a row of branches. Two LiMOKICS. Campylus. PlTYOUICS. Athous. ^li ! w EI.ATKUin.VE. TTt spcflos nro known to mo: /'. (iiit' tho question whether Limoniux vwjuh and vntn'oliis Lcc, whieh form the new gentjs Kanus Lt-c, and L. diibilann, whieh form-; Nothodes, slioidd enter this or the preceding group, is a matter of but snndl consequence. Tho front Is not margined behind the Inbrtiin, and is usuaily slightly concave ; tho mouth is anterior, though somewhat di- fle.xed in Serieosomus (whieh dilTers from the group Agriotes in this respect, us well as by the less convex front, and shnrter fir>t joint of the antcnme) ; the prosternum is either lobed or truncate in front; the sutures are double, not excavated in front, except in Bladus and Nothodes, usually nearly straight ; the mesostermiin Is not protuberant, sometimes acute in iront ; the coxal plates are gradually dilated inwards, sometimes toothed at the iuacrtiou of the thighs. Our genera arc : — Thorax without luminous vesicles ; Tarsi filiform ; Prosturnum not lobed in front; rrostorn.'il sutures straight ; tliird joint of nnft'Tin.T 'm.ill. PrAnrp. Prosternal sutures concave outwards ; third joint of anti-nnn' eniial to fourth. (KsToiiKs, Prosternum with a short lol)e ; front suddenly detlexed at tip, hut nut margined at the mithlle ; Elytra not striate; prostenial sutures not cxcavntfd. Fam-s. Elytra striate ; prosternal sutures excavated in front. Nurii()M;s. Prosternum with a limi,' lohe ; Front convex ; coxal plates scarcely narrower externally. SERiropoMfs. Front usually more or less flattened; coxal plates narrow cxtenwilly. CoRYMIllTI'S. Tarsi with the second and third joints lobed beneath. .^saimiks. Thorax with luminous vesicles. rvuui'uuitus. |.'i^. * ^V n . ' f ■ /• ( ,. •■ .'Ji !•-•; >• .» '. 172 COLEOPTEUA OP NORTH AMERICA. m Tlifi penns Corymbites contains n great number of species, and, ns is usual in large genera, is (juitc polymorphous; some of the species [C. athiopa and C. manrus) have the coxa! plates almost as suddenly dilated internally as in Crignuis, of the group laidii of the i)reeeding sub-tribe. Some of the species are very narrow, resembling Athous and Campylus, others very stout. They may be divided into nuvny groups, which are natural, but not entitled tu rank as genera. Group v.— Melanaotes. This group is represented in our fauna by the genus Melanactes alone, which, while confined to temperate North America, is dif- fused on l)oth sides of tiio continent. Th(f species^ are largo .sliining black insects, found under stones. They are distinguished from other groups having the coxal plates gradually dilated in- wards, by the horizontal protuberant mesosternum, which is not connate, as in Chalcolepidiini, but separated by a distinct suture from the metasteruum. The front is depressed at the middle, and not margined ; the mandibles are toothed near the tip ; the prosternum is furnished with a long lobe in front; the sutures are double, nearly straight, slightly excavated in front; the coxal plates are gradually dilated inwards and toothed at the origin of the thighs ; the tarsi are not lobed, but very densely pubescent l)enoath, with the joints 1 — 4 gradually decreasing in length; the claws arc simple. , Tribo v.— PLA§TOCERINI. In this tribe I comprise certain genera which recede from the true Elaters to approach the Cebrionidoe; thus, the sixth ventral segment is usually slightly visible, and in the female of Euthysa- nius becomes equal to the other segments. The same insect is further remarkable for the elytra being very short, and the wings wanting; in the female of Plastocerus the elytra are somewhat dehiscent, but the wings are present. The following characters distinguish this tribe : The mandibles are curved and slender at the tip, and project more than in other Elateridaj; the labrum is more closely connected with the front; the prosternum is truncate in front, not at all lobed, and its late- ral sutures are straight, slightly oblique, not excavated in front ; EI.ATEltlDAE. IT.} the mcso&tcrnura declivous; the middle coxfc more conical and prumiiifiit tliun usuul, neurly coiiligiious; tlie inetasteriiuin is very ucutc in front; the coxal plates are dilated inwards, l)Ut not Kud- denly, and differ slightly in form in the respective genera; they are toothed at the origin of the thighs. The tarsi are simple, and pul)escent beneath ; thi; claws are simple ; the tibial spurs are more developed than in other tril)es. Two natural groups arc obvious : — Front margineil ; mandililcs very prominent. AriiRirt. Fiout deprusaed ; maudibles not vary prominent. Plastoceui. Group I.— Aphrlcl. Aphricns cnlifornicus, a small species having the nppcarnnco of a slender Cardiophorus, is the only member of this gruii[t known. The mandibles are long and slender, and project so as to leave an open space between them and the front which is mar- gined, and projects over the labrum ; the antennie are initileratrly serrate ; the prosternum is very slightly lobed ; the sutures are single, and not excavated; the middle coxsc are prominent; llie metasternum is obtuse in front ; the coxal plates are scarcely tootiied at the insertion of the thighs; the first joint of the tar.->i is not longer than the second ; the sixth ventral segment is not visible. ' # Group II.— Plastocerl. The mandibles arc thick at the base, toothed at the middle, slender and curved at the tip, but embrace more or less closely the labrum, which is on the same plane with the depressed front, and closely connected with it, almost as in certain Celirionidie. The antenna) are long and serrate in Aplastus ; in the other ge- nera short, and pectinate with long branches in the males, in the females serrate, and slightly pectinate ; the prosternum is slightly lobed in Aplastus, not at all lobed in the other genera ; the su- tures are double, slightly obii(pie, and not excavated ; the middle coxa) arc prominent, with the mesosternura acute in front ; the coxal plates are gradually and sometimes strongly dilated in- wards, and toothed at the origin of the thighs; the first joint of the tarsi is as long as the two following united ; the sixth ventral segment projects beyond the fifth, which is round at the apex. In the female of Euthysanius, however, the elytra arc short, the ti ■ym. .'•'■jV-pJi ., ■ I It *'*' ■, i if -V ».,!'.■ 174 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. llM wings wanting, and the abdomen greatly elongated ; the hind I'oxiii also become so prominent, as to leave the genuine first ventral segment (invisible in all other Elateridoe) free ; following this are the usual five equal to each other, then the sixth, equal to the fifth, but rounded at tip, and followed by a prominent ob- tusely triangular seventh (really the eighth) ventral segment ; of these, all but the last two are margined behind with mem- brane. ' Anteniiffi long, serrate, 11-jointed. APLASirs. Antenn:r> short, in the males pectinate ; Auteniue 11-jointeil. Plastocerub. Anteume 12-jointed. Ectuvsanius. Fam. XXXVI.— CEBRIONIDAE. i'i ?:i. 1 .'i ! Mentum corneous, quadrate ; ligula distinct, without para- glossaa. Maxilliti exposed at base, with two lohes (in our genera). Antennae inserted under the frontal margin, 11 jointed, serrate. Head not deflexed ; eyes convex rounded. Labrum closely connected with the front, slightly emar- ginate, transverse; mandibles (in our genera) slender, long and prominent, leaving an open space between them and the mouth. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate ; coxal cavi- ties large, rounded, open behind ; presternum very short, prolonged behind into a spine. Mesosternum short, oblique, excavated to receive the pro- sternal spine; side pieces attaining the coxae. Metasternum short, pointed in front; side pieces narrow in Cebrio, wide in Scaptolenus, epimera visible. Elytra covering the abdomen in the males, sometimes shorter in the females; epipleurae very narrow behind; wings wanting in the females. Abdomen with six free ventral segments. Anterior coxae large, globose, without trochantin; middle coxae rounded, with a small trochantin; hind coxae trans- verse, dilated into a plate, partly protecting the thighs. Legs subfossorial ; anterior tibiae more or less dilated or expanded at the apex; terminal spurs large; tarsi 5-jointed, not lobed (in our genera); claws simple, onychium none. Pi ; RIIIPICERIDAE. IT:-) A family of small extent ; three genera of the tribe of genuine Cebrionidae are represented in our fauna; Cebrio, in the Southern States ; Anaehilus in Florida ; Scaptolenus in Texas ; they are found flying about at night. The females are found at the en- trance of holes which they excavate in the ground. Labrum entirely connate with the front. Anachilds, Labram separated by suture from the front ; Anterior tibi?e entire. • Cf.prio. Anterior tibiiB emarginnte externally. ScArTOLENr». The principal differences between this and the preceding family is in the greater number (six) of ventral segments, the well ile- veloped tibial spurs, the expansion of the anterior tibios at the apex, and the close connection between the front and the labrum. By the intermediate forms of the group Plastoceri, of the pre- vious family, all the differences, except those of the anteriur tibise, become evanescent; and I place the Cebrionidae as a distinct family, only in deference to the views of the most distinguished foreign authorities. ill '■■■■ f^rit' > >^^* i- •■■U\t Fam. XXXVIL— RIIIPICERIDAE. Mentum quadrate, corneous; ligula small, not prominent; palpi 3-jointed. ' Maxilla} exposed at the base; usually with but one lobe; palpi 4-jointed. Antennaa inserted before and inside of the eyes, under ridges, 11 -jointed (in our genera), serrate in the females, fre- quently flabellate in the males. Head prominent; eyes round; epistoma not distinct; labrum indistinct; mandibles large, stout and prominent in Sandalus, small in Zenoa. Trothorax with the side pieces not separate ; coxal cavi- ties large, transverse, open behind ; prosternum not pro- longed. Mesosternum short, oblique, flat; side pieces attaining the coxae. Metasternum short in Sandalus, moderate in Zenoa; side pieces wide in the first, narrow in the second; epimera large in Sandalus, not visible in Zenoa. Elytra covering the abdomen ; epipleurae extending to the apex. '■n 176 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. |l>l Abdomen with five (in our genera) free ventral segments. Anterior and middle coxoe conical, prominent, the t'ormer with large trochantins; posterior coxie transverse, dilated into a small plate partly covering the thighs. Legs moderate, tibia) with small terminal spurs; tarsi 5- jointed ; claws simple; onychium long, hairy. A family contanung a small number of species, found on plants ; Saudalus especially affecting vi^rious cedars ; it is represented both in the Atlantic and Pacific districts ; Zenoa contains but one species in the Atlantic district. Tarsi not lobed ; antennfe moderately long, serrate. Zenoa. Tarrii lobed ; antenna) short ( } serrate, % tlabellate). Sandalcs. These two genera indicate different tribes, distinguished as above stated, by the form of the side pieces of the melalhonix. Fam. XXXVIII.— schizopodidae. ;!i! Mentum quadrate, corneous; ligula short, transverse, cori- aceous; palpi 8-jointed. Maxillai exposed at base, lobes ? palpi 4-jointed, short, cylindrical. Antenna) inserted immediately in front of the eyes, under a slight prominence; 11-jointed, serrate from the fifth joint outwards. Head deflexed, closely affixed to the prothorax, eyes ellip- tical; epistoma not distinct from the front; labrum emar- ginate ; mandibles stout, emarginate, not prominent. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate ; coxal cavities rounded, almost confluent with the middle coxal cavities; prosternum slightly prolonged, truncate at tip. Mesosternum short, oblique; epimera attaining the coxob. Metasternum short, side pieces wide; epimera slightly visible. Elytra covering the abdomen ; epipleuroe obsolete behind. Abdomen with the first and second ventral segments con- nate; the fifth emarginate, sixth deeply emarginate, seventh contained in the emargination of the sixth, slightly visible. Anterior coxae conical, without trochantin; middle coxa) rounded, without trochantin ; posterior coxa) transverse, somewhat separated, extending to the margin of the body, dilated into a plate partly covering the thighs. Legs moderate, slender; anterior tibiae with one short apical lete brar (in aonM DASCYLLIDAE. tn spur; oilier spurs obsolete; tarsi o-jointed, joints 1 — 3 spongy beneath at the apex and slightly lobed, fourth with two long membranous lobes; last joint as long as the three preceding; claws strongly toothed near the apex; onychium none. Tills family contains Imt the sinjjfle species, Srhizopui^ lirius Lcc, an insect found in Arizona, resembling in form a Galleniea; it is of a metallic green color, coarsely punctured with red eljtra, and is nearly six-tenths of an inch long. •'■■ ;■'', ^0 Fam. XXXIX.— dascyllidae. Mentnm quadrate, corneous; ligula large, membranous, frequently divided into narrow lobe.s; palpi o-jointed. ^[axilliu exposed at base, with two lobes, variable in form, but not armed with hooks, except in Eucinetus; palpi 4:- jointed. Antennre distant, inserted immediately in front of the eyes, under a slight ridge. 11-jointed, more or less serrate, rarely pectinate. Head sometimes prominent, but usually deflexed, with tlie epistoma sometimes distinct from the front; mandibles not prominent. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate ; coxal cavities transverse, widely open beliind; prosternum sometimes ex- tending behind the coxte, but usually not. Mesosternum small, sometimes excavated, sometimes ob- lique and flat, frequently very narrow ; coxal cavities trans- verse, excavated behind; epimera large, attaining the cox». Metastcrnum moderate, side pieces tolerably wide; epimera usually visible. Elytra covering the abdomen ; epipleur® extending to the apex. Abdomen with five free segments, the fifth rounded at tip. Anterior coxa; transverse, frequently prominent; in the first sub-family, with large trochantin, in the second with- out; middle coxa3 smaller, sub-transverse, rarely with, usu- ally without trochantin; posterior coxai transverse, nearly contiguous, dilated into a plate partly covering the thighs. Legs short, tibiaj slender, with small, and sometimes obso- lete terminal spurs; tarsi o-jointed, iVequently with mem- branous lobes beneath; claws simple or pectinate; onychium (in some genera) very short, with two terminal bristles, sometimes wanting. 12 ' >" I ."-^ ii as }■■ -M '■ '• •'■I t' i\ in COLEOPTEUA OP NORTH AMERICA. A family which, althougii of small size, contains genera widely differing in many of Ihcir characters ; they all live on plants usu- ally near water. They naturally divide into two sub-families : — Anterior coxie with distinct trocliantin. Anterior coxse without trochautiu. Dascyllid*. Uelouivm, li Pi: Sub-Family I.— PASCYLLIDAE (genuini). The presence of an anterior trochantin will readily distinguish the genera of this sub-family, the species of which are of larger size than those of the following sub-family. The anterior coxte are very transverse, rarely prominent. The prosternum is always quite well developed in front of the coxae, and is usually visible between them. The spurs of the tibite are distinct. The genera may be arranged in tribes as follows : — Prosternum prolonged, entering the mesosternum. Prosternum not prolonged. Macuopooonini. Dascvllimi. l!'i ill i: Tribe I.— MACROPOGOIVINI. The head is convex, without clypcal sut re ; the antennoe are scarcely serrate ; the prosternum is flat, with distinct side mar- gins converging behind ; the mesosternum is emarginate and re- ceives the tip of the prosternum ; the plates of the hind coxa; are very narrow ; the second and third joints of the tarsi are slightly lobed beneath, and the fourth joint has two long narrow lobes ; the claws are simple, and the onychium is wanting. Two genera arc recognized by Motschulsky. Antennae with the second and third joints small. Eprypooos. Antennae with the second, third, and fourth joints small. Mackopooon. Eurypogon nigra (Ochina nigra Mels.) is the only species of the genus known ; it is found in the Atlantic States on plants. Macropogon occurs in California and Oregon. Motschulsky has placed these genera in Elateridae, from which the large trochantins and different form of the anterior coxa? at once distinguish them. dac ford joiij joif 0: DASCVLLIDAE. TiiV)e II.-D.i§eYLLlIVl. 179 The clypeal suture is sometimes visible, uud sometimes behind the labrum may be seen a membranous episloimi. The proster- num does not articulate with the mesostenuim ; the plates of the liiud coxie are gradually diluted iuterually ; the onychium is small, bisetose, and sometimes wautiug. Our geueru are : — Tarsi not lobed Iwneath ; Claws simple ; antenna; strongly serrate. Claws simple ; antennie nearly tiliforui. Claws Serrate ; antennie nearly tiliform. Tarsi with meniliranous lobes lieneath ; Tarsi dilated ; first joint not elongated. Tarsi slender ; lirst joint longer. Stknwolub. axcuvtausi's. uuontoavx. Dascylujs. Anokus. Stenocolus and Anorus are found only in California; Dascyllus on both sides of the continent ; Anchytarsus and Odontonyx in the Atlantic States ; Stenocolus is remarkable for the middle coxa; having a large trochantin. Sub-Family II.— IIELODIDAE. This sub-family contains a number of small species found on plants in moist situations, and readily recognized by the anterior and middle coxa' having no trochantin. They are divided into four tribes, the lirst of which resembles in many points the tribe Chelonariini of liyrrhidic, while the second recalls the sub-family Tsephenidie of the Parnidae. Tarsi with fourth joint very small, third lobed beneath. Ptilodactylini. Tarsi with fourth joint not smaller than the third ; Posterior coxre moderate ; Prosternum distinct before and between the coxae. EnnniiNi. Prostenium very short before the coxis. Hrlodixi. Posterior coxae very large. ■ Eucikktisi. m ,.*< ^>^::^^ , V ' . • "I I', ? '" ,■ »■■ ' t ■'.■ -■'1 'i. J" *.<' ,?;. A; ft '■ »♦ <;-! Tribe I.-PTIl,ODACT¥LII¥I. Represented in the Atlantic district by three species of Ptilo- dactyla ; they are oval, brown, finely pubescent insects of convex form ; the antennae of the males have arising from the base of the joints 4 — 10 a slender cylindrical appendage, equal in length to the joint itsOlf; the clypeal suture is very distinct, and the front rises . m^ 130 COLEOl'TEUA OF NOllTIl AMKHICA. slightly ftbovc the cpistoma ; the labial palpi an- iioriunl in form. Tlio prostenmiii is (piite distinct before the eoxu' Imt not vi.-il)lo between them. The middle coxie are not eovercil by the front coxie, which arc conical and prominent, and the hind co.xal plates are snddenly dilated internally; the tibiie arc cylindrical, with lonfr slender spurs; the tarsi are rather slutrt, the second joint slije III.-IIELODIIVI. Sometimes elongate, usually oval species, of varied color, covered witli 11 vi-ry deciduous puln'sceiice ; the clypeal suture is not visi- lile; tlie last joint of the labial palpi is fre(juentl}' inserted at the side of the preceding joint and not at the apex as in other insects. The thorax is usually very suuill ; the prostenmm in front of the toxiu is very short, and not visible between them. The anterior ioxa; are long, obliijue, and conical, and lap over a portion of the middle coxse ; the hind eoxal plates are strongly dilated inter- nally. Tibiie sulcate externally, usually with snmll spurs, in Scyrtes with longer ones. Tarsi with the fourth joint larger than the third, biloljcd ; claws simple. The antennie of the male of rrionovi/iihon (liii with the third joint iu.scrtud on the side of tlie Seconil ; Hind legs liirge, saltatoiial. StvuTKS. Hind Ifgs uiodHrate ; First joint of antennre nuipli diiatfd. PiiioxotviMioN, First joint of antennae moderate, Hkloiik.^. Labial palpi with tlie tliird joint at the end of the second. Cvi'iio.n. Ill Ilelodes the hind coxie are suddenly dilated internally, and in our species, the head is covered by the thorax, which is rounded in front; these species form Sncodcs Lee., which must be sup- ])ressed. In I'rionocyphon and Cyphon the hind coxiu are strongly but gradually dilated internally. Scyrtes and Cyphon occur nn both sides of the continent ; the other two genera, thus far only on the Atlantic slope. \ < ,^ * :'M •^■>^"l:^ Tribe IV.— El'CI3fETIXI. Eucinetus, a geiuis of wide distribution, composes this tribe ; the mouth is jirolonged ; the head deflcxed, without distinct clypeal suture ; the prosternum is exceedingly short in front of the coxae, which are long and conical ; the middle coxa; are large and flat ; the posterior ones are dilated into immense obli(jue plates, concealing the hind legs in repose ; the metasternum is consequently short, and rhomboidal; the tibial spurs are distinct, the tarsi somewhat elongated, filiform, joints 1 — 4 decreasing in ■ ■i.-'y' ;t? 182 coleopteha op Nonrit amerkw. It'iigth ; flaws Hitnplo. Ventral Rogmciits six. The body is oiungiitu oval, convex, brown or black, j)iil)csc»'iil. The internal lobe of the muxillu; is armed witli a ttrminal iiuuk Fam. XL.— LAMPYRIUAE. I! PI -I ii Mentum quadrate, moderato in size, frequently formed of two pieces separated by a transverse auture; ligiila not cor- neous, prominent, witliout paragloss;e; palpi 3 jointed. Maxillae exposed at the base, with two ciliato lobes, the internal of which is sometimes obsolete; palpi Ijointed. Antennro serrate, rarely pectinate or flabellate, usually 11- jointed, insertetl on the front, more or less distant, according to the sub-family. Uead sometimes prominent, sometimes protected by the thorax ; eyes rounded. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate; coxal cavities large, transverse ; prothoracic spiracle usually visible; pro- sternum very short. Mesosternuin triangular, not excavated; side pieces large, attaining the coxao. Metasternum with side pieces large; epimera visible. Elytra never embracing strongly the sides of the abdomen, sometimes short, sometimes (in the female of foreign generu) entirely wanting. Abdomen with seven or eight free ventral segments. Anterior coxse contiguous, conical, with large trochantin ; middle coxae oblique, contiguous (except in Lycini\ conical, with or without trochantin ; posterior coxas transverse, pro minent, internally forming a conical protuberance. Legs slender, or compressed, long or moderate; trochanter in the axis of the thigh ; tibiaB with short or indistinct ter- minal spurs; tarsi 5-jointed, not lobed beneath, uniformly pubescent in the first, spongy pubescent in the second sub- family, fourth joint more or less bilobed ; claws variable in form. Insects of moderate, or small size, of elongate form, and soft consistence, found on plants. Many of the species of the second tribe of the first sub-family possess the remarkable power of emitting light, and are hence called fireflies. Two sub-families may be separated : — Side pieces of metathorax slightly curveil internally. Lamptiud^s. Side pieces of uiotathoiax sinuate internally. TELEPuoKiDiS. LAMPYUIDAE. 18^ Sub-Family I.— LAMI'YHIDAE (gcnuini). Tribe I.-LYCIM. Tribe II.— LAMPYRIXI. We here have species '.n which the head is deeply Immersed in the thorax, and protected by the hood-like thorax ; the antenna' are approximate and inserted upon the front ; the eyt s usually ■M ■'. '' ? t i \ ,-'>•>.•{ 1 The head is usually Immersed in tlio tli(»rax, so ns to conceal the gular portion ; tlio unlcnmi! are generally closely approxi- mate, and the labrum is nearly always (luite dislinct. The side j pieces of the mutathorax are wide ; the ei>iniera arc large, and the inner outline of the cpisterna is straight or slightly convex. Three tribes are represented in our fauna : — "■•I; f Autonnie approximate ; Middle coxiB st'parato ; liead uncovered. Lypim. «i.''. ''"t Middle coxa; I'oiUigUDUs ; Jiead covered by thorax. Lampvuini. • ,' Auttiuuo) distant ; head pruiiiiueut. ruE.NouDi.M. If In this tribe we have species in which the aides of the thorax oij^ are commonly foliaceous, but the head, though small, deeply im- mersed in the thorax, and deflexed, is not covered by a prolonga- tion of the thorax ; the antenuic are approximate, much compressed and inserted upon the front, or at the base of a more or less dis- tinct beak. The mandibles are small and simj)le ; the maxillary palpi tolerably long and dilated. The side j)ieces of the meta- thorax are very wide, and the inner margin is slightly curved. The trochanters are situated entirely in the axis of the thighs, and are generally longer than in the other sub-families. Ouv species represent only one tribe, Lycini, distinguished by the ' '•■< K defle-xed head, distinct labrum, and distant middle coxie. !■. Our genera are : — Antennae in front of tlie eyes, at the base of the beak; Head prolonged into a long beak. Lvrns. Head with a short broad beak. Dictyoptkhl's. Antennae between the eyes ; Head with a very short be.ak ; (thorax carinate). Caloptbron. Head without beak ; Antennte flabellate, thorax carinate. Caema. Antsnnse serrate, thorax not carinate. Erob. * f.' :-'i •'•tS •if 1S4 COLEnPTEHA OF NOUTII AMKIltCA. very Inrgc ; the iniiiidildL-H very slender, nctl titotlied ; palpi elon- gated, coinpresKed : tlio middle coxii! ure eoiitigiuiUH, mid tlio trocliuiiters are less eli»iigiited tliun in tlie first Kul)#ruiidly. Tlio side pieces of the inetnlh(iriix are very wide, and the inner inarjj;iii JH straight, or slightly curved. The last ventral segments nf the aljdiiiiieii are provided with a phosphoreseeut apparatus in the greater nuii»lK,'r of the species. Two sub-tribes exist as follows :^ Ileiiil entirely covered hy tlie {jrotlioriix. LAMi'vni.M. lloail pnrtially coveroil liy tlio iirotlionix. Lut h.i.i.m. Sn1)-Tribe 1.— Lailipyrilli (genuini). The genera found in our territory belong to the group Luci- PtiT.E, distinguished from the Lami'YIiks, by the females having wings, or at least elytra, though the latter are sometimes very short. Second joint of anteiinie transverse ; Anteniiftt bipectiniitc ; Antennae very short, 14-jointed. Antennie half as lonj; as the liody, 11-jointod. Antennie serrate, l)road, 11-joiiited. Aiitennre serrate, ]--joiiiti'd, the last joint stiiall. Pl.EOTOMrB. CALYPTOCKI'llAI.ra. LUCIDOTA. IMlAI'SlH. Second joint of antennie not transverse, antenna; compressed or nearly lili- foriU. PUOTI.NUS. rieotomns occurs in Texas. Groups of species in Pluitinns are strongly marked, but accord- ing to Lacordaire are not characterized by differences of generic value. Our species are numerous, and it is in some of those of the third division of Photinus alone, that the females are without wings, and have the elytra much aldireviated. But one species of the first division of Photinus has yet been brought from the Pacific district ; the other genera are not represented iu that rej;ion. Sub-Tribe 2.— Liiciolini. The wings and elytra are complete in both sexes of all the genera of this tribe, which is represented in our fauna by four species of Photuris, a genus forming by itself a group distinguished by the head being narrowed behind, and by the labrum being indistinct, characters which approximate to the Telephoridaj. The species are confined to the Atlantic district. II ' i!' i w LAMI'YUIDAE. Triiw iii.-i>iii::s(;<>ui!M. 185 The clmriu'tfrs of this trihi! iiro titiit the Iil-iuI is not covercil 1»y the thorax ; it is ilccpl) iintiuTsnl in tlic lirst. l»iU less so in th<' scrond siil»-lril)c' ; tiic nientimi is vtTy siinill ; tin- untcniiii> uro iiisiTtt'd ill IVoiit of tlio t'ycs, umhT frontal elevations, and ari' distant tit base. The side pioceH uf the nietathora.x are wide, and the inner margin is slifjflitiy curved as in Lainpyrini, Tlie mid- dle ooxie are eonti^^uons, or very nearly so; the trochanters luv moderate in leiij^th. Tlie tarsi are uniformly i»iil)eseent lieneatli, as in Lycini and Lunipyrini. The feuuiles uru nut kuuwii tu me. Our two genera represent distinet sub-tribes : — I'id.-iternum well devdopt'cl in front of coxa). PTrnoTixi. I'rostoruum v«ry narrow before the coxas. I'iie.miouini. Xyr.: •1. Kl] m , '-; .V'• Sul)-Tribo 1.— Ptcrotini. The singular Californian genus, Pterotus Lcc , ah)nc constitutes* this sub-trilje. The numdibles are long, slender, and prominent, as in IMiengodes ; the antenmu are 11-jointed, with the joints t] — 10 furnislied internally with a llatten(!d briineh, three times as loiii;' as the joint itself, Tlie prosternum before the C(jxai is well de- veloped, a character not seen in any other American genus of this family. The maxillary paljii are cylindrical, as long as the man- dibles, with the joints ecpnil. P. obscuripennin, the only species known, is less than half an inch long, reddish yellow, with the head, 'antenniK (except the base) and the elytra blackish. The female Is unknown. Sub-Tribe 2.— Plieiigodini. The prosternum is very narrow in IVont of the coxa?, as in other Lanipyridte ; the maxillary \n\\\n are long and slender ; the lab- rum is not very distinctly separated from the front ; the head is prominent, and the gular region is not concealed. In the genus Phengodes, the third and following joints of the antennae emit two very loi>g, slender, and flexible, pubescent branches from near the base ; the second and third joints are very short. The elytra are one-third the length of the aljdomen, and f' ■'-■is 18() COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Strongly divergent and subulate ; the 'vings are laid along the dorsal surface of the abdomen. The female is unknown to me. Two species are found in our country. P. j'luviosa, testa- ceous, with the antennue, excepting the base, and the narrow tips of the elytra fuscous, and the sides of the thorax broadly de- pressed, is found from New York to Texas; P. fusciceps Lee., from Texas, of the same size, form, and color, but with the head fuscous, and the sides of the thorax only narrowly depressed. Lacordaire states that the species of Phengodes emit light ; I have never seen a living specimen, but no appearance of phospho- rescent structure is visible in any of the specimens before me. Sub-Family II.— TELEPHORIDAE. The head, though sometimes slightly protected by the thorax, is never covered by it as in Larapyrini ; it is narrowed behind the eyes, not immersed in the thorax, and its gular region is exposed. The eyes are never very large. The antennaj are serrate or fili- form, inserted upon the front, and somewhat distant at base. The labrum is very closely connected with the front. The side pieces of the mctathorax are moderately wide, and the epimera are frequently covered in part ; the episicrna are strongly nar- rowed behind, and their inner margin is sinuate. The legs are slender, not compressed ; the trochanters moderate ; the soles of the tarsi are flat or concave and spongy pubescent, except in the groups Omethes and Malthini, and the fourth joint is bilobed. The sides of the thorax are never foliaccous ; and the females are not very different in form from the males. Our tribes may be separated thus : — Mentum very long, wider in front. Chadliogjtathini. Meutum small, quadrate. Telepuobim. Tribe I.— CHAlI^IOG^ATniUTI, In this tribe the head is prolonged before the eyes ; the max- illa; are very large at the base, and the outer lobe in the living insect can be protruded, forming a long thread-like process. The maxillary palpi are long, and but slightly dilated ; the mentum is elongate, and wider in front. The head is prolonged behind the eyes, and the gular sutures coalesce at the median line. The prosternum is small, broadly triangular, and the antecoxal plates LAMPYRIDAE. 187 arc large and prominent. The middle coxm arc separate, but tlio raesosternum proper appears to be of a membranous consistence. The claws of the tarsi are simple. Chauliognathus has been found in the Atlantic and Central districts ; the antenna) are filiform ; the elytra are as long or nearly as long as the abdomen, and rounded at tip. The anterior margin of the thorax is rounded. '"''M Tribe II.— TELEPHORIMI. The head is but slightly prolonged before the eyes ; the maxillai are moderate in size, and the mentum is moderate, or small and quadrate; the maxillary palpi are moderately long, and of vari- able form. The antecoxal plates are small, not conspicuous, and the prosternum is distinct before the coxa3. The middle coxa) arc contiguous, and the raesosternum is corneous. I would divide our genera into four groups : — Elytra entirely covering the wings ; Third joint of tarsi prolonged beneath. Omethes. Third joint of tarsi simple ; Cervical sutures confluent ; thorax truncate in front. PonAnui. Ci^rvical sutures separate ; thorax rounded in front. TKi.KPiioiii. Elytra abbreviated, wings exposed. Maltuiki. Group I.— Omethes. A singular little insect, found ir- the Atlantic States, constitutes this gronp. The head is short; the sutures from the buccal cavity are widely separated ; the palpi are moderately long, and the last joint is oblong, not dilated, rounded and almost truncate at tip; the mandibles are long, slender, curved and acute ; the sides of the thorax are rounded, and strongly margined; the anterior margin is slightly emarginato. The antenna) arc long, rather stout, and feebly serrate, with the second joint a little shorter than the third. The under surface of the first joints of the tar>i is not spongy; the third joint is prolonged beneath, and the fourth joint considerably lobed ; the claws are dilated at base into a broad tooth. The species Omethes marginatus is nearly one-fifth of an inch long, elongate, black, clothed with short erect hair; the thorax, legs and base of the antenna} are reddish yellow ; the elytra are punctured, and feebly striate, with the suture aud margin pale. i »■ i M it': 188 COLEOPTERA OF NOUTII AMERICA. I have been much at a loss where to place this insect ; the form of the head, and oral organs, the structure of the under sur- face, and the nunil)or of ventral segments, all point clearly to the present family ; the episterna of the metatliorax are sinuate in- ternally, as in Telephorus, and the epimera in great part covered, l)ut the prolongation beneath of the fourth joint of the tarsi is altogether abnormal. An approach to this may be recognized in a small sucker at the tip of the third joint of the tarsi in riiengodes; and Omethes may, therefore, be regarded, like that genus, as one of the links connecting the two subfamilies of this family. Group II.— Podabil. The head is more elongated than in the next group, and gra- dually narrowed behind the eyes ; the sutures from the buccal (opening coalesce on the medial line, and then run backwards. The anterior margin of the thorax is truncate or emarginale, not rounded as in the next group. The last joint of the palpi is always dilated, triangular or securiform, but narrower than in the iiext group ; the mandibles are slender, curved, pointed and unarmed. The soles of the tarsi are spongy pubescent. I consider our species as belonging to but one genus, I'odabrus ; they may be divided into two groups, according as the claws are armed with a long acute tooth, giving them the appearance of being cleft, or with a broad basal tooth. The first division cor- responds to Braehynotus Kirbij {Mallhacus Motsch.), and the second to Malthacus Kirhy (Dichclptarsus Motsch.). Group III.— Telephorl. The head is shorter in this than in the preceding group, and the sutures from the buccal opening run backwards, without uniting at the medial line. The thorax is always rounded from the sides along the anterior margin. The genera are not separated by very definite characters, and it would perhaps be advisable to unite together all but the last. The palpi are moderate in length, and the last joint is usually securiform, rarely suboval. The daws are commonly toothed or bifid, or at least broader at the base, but in Ditemnus are sleudei". The soles of the tarsi are spongy pubcicent. . LAMPYniPAE. IsO 'ffj •'.'\ ■ii f,. last joint of maxillary palpi dilatod, ami securiform ; t^i- '' l: lliiicl angles of thorax rounded ; ' ! ' ,■' ^' . Head moderately long ; «' i'i' Pt Front broadly rounded at tip ; claws cleft. RnAfioxYcuA. .*; ' '^ Front -emarginate at tip : claws toothed, rarely cleft. TKi.iii'nonrs. ''•.'? Head short and broad ; claws not cleft. roi-LMics. '':,(•/' Hind angles of thorax incised ; head short and broad. Hiua. ." ' •■ Last joint of maxillary palpi suboval, ol)li(iiiely truncate ; '. • 'i Bides of thorax biiucised ; antenn;e stronL;ly seirati;. Ditkm.nus. ' '-,"' \' . '*■■■ The type and only species of Ditenuuis is Silis Icpida Lee. ; ';; the female is unknown. The hind nnnrlos of the thura.x in the ;, *, male are deeply incised ; the posterior ijortioii forms a long obtuse process; the anterior portion a long spim.', in front of this the sides are emarginate, and the auterior angles are promiueut later- ally and rounded. Group IV.-Malthini. The head is moderately short, fre(]U(.'ntly large and strongly narrowed behind the eyes; the gular sutures coalesce on the median line ; the anterior margin of the thalim. Tribe I.-MALACHIIVI. Body with lateral vesicles capable of distension ; the anterior pair proceeding from a fissure beneath the anterior angles of the prothorax : head short ; mandibles toothed at the extremity ; eyes entire, finely granulated ; palpi moderate, in our genera slender ; last joint of the tarsi with two membranous appendages beneath the claws ; ventral segments six, always distinct. The species of this tribe are small insects found on flowers, and on the ground near water ; many of them are of pleasing colors, but all are of small size. The form is varied, some resembling at first view certain Staphylinidte. The sexual characters are various ; in Collops the third joint of the antennte is much enlarged and distorted in the male. In jVnthocomus, Attains, and Ebitus, the elytra at the extremity are impressed, prolonged, and distorted ; tlie second joint of the an- terior tarsi is obliquely prolonged and dilated in the males of At- tains, Microlipus, and Endeodes. Our genera are numerous, and may be tabulated thus : — AntenniB apparently 10-jointed. Collops. Antenna; evidently 11-jointed ; inserted on the front, nearly between the eyes ; m ■ I ■ 192 COLEOl'TEUA OF NOIITII AMtniCA. Head elongatcJ. Tasaops. Head short ; Epistouia large, in part corneou3. Malaciir's. Epistoiiia siiort, entirt-ly uuMiilnanoua. HAPALouuihUd. inserted at tliu sides near the aiiiurior inaririn of the front ; Elytra nearly or (juite covering the ahdoinen ; Anterior tarsi slender and simjilo in 1k)11i sexes ; Epistomu membranous, ventral segments partly membranous. A.NTIIDCOJIUS. Anterior tarsi slender, second joint oblicjuo and prolonged in % ; Epistoma membranous ; ventral segments partly membranous. Attali's. Epistoma corneous, indistinct ; ventral segments entirely corneous. AcLETl'S. Anterior tarsi stouter, not conspicuously deformed in the male ; epis- toma not vary distinct ; ventral segments corneous ; Body oval, or ovate, legs moderate. EriAEfs. Body elongate, legs long. Muiioi.iPfs. Elytra short ; anterior tarsi of the % with the second joint obliquely di- lated and prolonged; epistoma large membranous; abdominal seg- ments entirely corneous. E.MiKorKs. Tanaops, Uapalorliiiius, Microlipus, and Endcodes are found only in California ; Acletus has occurred only at Lake Superior. The other genera arc widely diffused except ^lalacliius, of which one European species, M. aeneus, has been introduced in Massa- chusetts. The female of Microlipus is without wings, and was described ])y me as belonging to Charopns, from which it differs by having the joints 1 — 4 of the anterior tarsi equal in length. The species of Endcodes were formerly considered by me as belonging to Atelestus. The species here referred to Attains correspond to groups 2 and 3 of Anthocomus as established by Ericlison, and to Scaloi>- terus Motsch. Duval has shown that they do not differ geiierically from the type of Attains, and has very pro])erly combined them with that genus. Tanaops corresponds with Ccjjhaligtcs 3Iotsch. ! '!' Tribe II.-DA§¥TINI. Body without lateral vesicles ; angles of the prothorax not fissured beneath ; front prolonged into a short beak in our species : antennte inserted on the sides of the head, in front of the eyes, which are finely granulated. Claws of the tarsi either with or without membranous appendages. m MALACIIIDAE. VX] In some gonomof tliis tribe, the niidille and hind coxa; rcsenil)l(> those of IJyturiis, \vhii;h, however, dill'er.s by the anterior coxio being separated by the prostermuu, and by the tarsi being lobed beneath. To add to tlie resemblance, the sixth ventral segment is frequently by no moans distinct. Our genera are as folhnvs, all having tlie last joint of the max- illary palpi nearly cylindrical. First joint of tarsi not shorter than the second ; (hody punctured) ; Claws of tlie tarsi with membriinous append.'iyi's, which are broad and connate entirely or in great part witli the cl'iws ; thorax without impressed lines; Anterior tiliix' witli a range of spines on the outer margin ; thorax not serrate or ciliate at the sides. 1'uistoslf.i.is. Anterior tibise not spinous ; thorax ciliate at the sides wliich ar» usually serrate. Listi:'s. which are narrow and free almost to the base • thorax with an im- pressed line near the lateral margin ; Both claws with appendages Esciiatocuepis. One claw with an appendage, the other toothed at base. Ai.lo.n yx. Claws of the tarsi broadly toothed, without .appendages. Dasytks. First joint of tarsi shorter than the second ; claws without appendages ; (body cribrate-punutate, edge of thorax and elytra serrate.) Melvkis. The species in my collection appertain as follows, to the genera above mentioned. Those of Pristoscelis nmy be divided into three groups : 1. Pubescence not erect, appendages of claws rounded at tip (Byturosomus and Emmenotarsus Jlotxrh.) ; D. rujij^rs Motsch., ((/ri6'(Uis|jLec.) ; brcvicoi-nis hoc : 2. Pubescence not erect, appendage of one claw truncate (Trichochrous Motsvh.) ; ]). fuscus Lee. : 3. Pubescence erect, appendages of claws rounded at tip (Emmenotarsus Jlofsch.) ; D. rufipcunis Lee., D. quadricolUs Lee, and the remaining species of my group A — a. (Proc. Acad. Xat. Sc, Philadelphia, \l, 169.) To Listrus Motsch., belong D. canescens Mann., and allied species ; this and the preceding genus is di.stril)uted from Kansas to the Pacific. ■ Of Eschatocrcpis but one Californian species, D. cont'tn'vtiis Lee, is known to me ; it is closely allied to the European Ilaploc- nemus in characters, but diflcrs in appearance. Of Allonyx also, but one Californian species, D. sculi'tilis, is kncnvn. A single nondescript species of Dasytes, from California, is in my collection ; D. breviusculus Motsch., is nearly related to it. 13 h ■ ■3 Mr . ' . • ' •■ ■ » . » ■»_:i r It 194 f'dl.EOPTEUA OF NOUTII AMERICA. To Melyris belong two species from the Atlantic States, D, haaalis uiid < ribralus Lee. Tribe III.— RnADALI.\I. A single species, Rhadalua Icstaceus Lcc, from California and Arizona, by its strongly granulated eyes, and much elongated maxillary palpi, with the last joint large and securiform is capa- ble of being received as a distinct tribe. It is a transition form from the present to the iie.xt family, from which it differs by tho joints of the tarsi not being lobed or spongy beneath, and by the claws being provided with long membranous appendages which are free, except at base. Fam. XLII.— cleridae. * /■ Mentum quadrate, moderate in size; ligula membranous, or coriaceous, without paragluasoe; labial palpi B-jointed, fre- quently very long and dilated. MaxilloB exposed at the base, with two ciliate unarmed lobes ; palpi ijointed, with the last joint frequently securi- form. Head prominent, eyes usually emarginate; epistoma dis- tinct from the front, membranous or coriaceous anteriorly ; mandibles short, labrum distinct. Antennre inserted at the sides of the front, usually 11 -jointed, serrate, or pectinate, or with the outer joints enlarged forming a serrate, or rarely a compact club. Prothorax with the side pieces not separate, though in one tribe they are defined by a side margin ; coxal cavities open behind, sometimes round, sonietunes transverse; prosternum short, not prolonged. Mesosternum fiat, side pieces extending to the coxa^. Metasternum with long narrow side pieces; epimera scarcely visible. Elytra entire, or nearly so, with the epipleurae distinct, narrow. Abdomen with five or six free ventral segments. Anterior coxae conical, prominent, contiguous, or very slightly separated, trochantin sometimes distinct ; middle coxoe rounded, not or very slightly prominent, and not con- tiguous in many, but conical and prominent in Enopliini, CLEUIDAK. 105 ¥1 usually with distinct trochantin ; hind coxte transverse, not *', prominent, covered by the thighs in repose. '-,'1 i Legs slender, frequently long, trochanters on the internal "T \] margin of the thiglis; tibiaj with the terminal spurs small or ]■ '■ .'Ij indistinct; tarsi o-jointed; the fourth joint in Enopliini very , small aud iudistitiet; joints 1 — 4 furnished beneath witii membranous appendages; claws simple or toothed, never : with membranous appendages as in Melyridio. - A tolerably numerous family of insects found on plants, or on , ' tbe trunks of trees, but which In the larva state are carnivorous, preying upon other insects like the Lampyridic and Melyrida;. ,. ' The larvte of various Trichodes are found in tiie nests of bees. A few (Corynetes, Necrobia,) live on dead animal matter. Many of the species are of beautiful color and graceful form. The genera may be arranged in two tribes. Tarsi with fourtli joint of noriiial size ; pronotum continuous with tht> flnjiks ' i' of tlie thorax. Ci.kui.m. Tarni wit li the fourth joint very small and indistinct; pronotum separated from the dauks by a marginal line. E.nopliim. ' I'" ■ Tribe I.— CLERI!¥I. :;.r.j '^y:":'«: The fourth joint of the tarsi equal to the third, and the flanks or tlie prothorax continuous with the back, are sullicient to cause the members of this tribe to be recognized : I will only say farther, that the middle coxte arc scarcely prominent, and are moderately distant. Three groups are indicated by the genera represented in our fauna : — First joint of tarsi distinct, at least equal to the second. Tilli. First joint of tarsi covered by the second ; Eyes emargiuato in front. Clkri. ; . Eyes entire. Hyd.noceki. Group I.-TUII. Insects of a very long and slender form ; the head is large ; the eyes transverse, emarginate in front: the protbora.Y long, with tlie coxal cavities smaller than usual ; the middle co.xai are round, ' slightly prominent; tarsi with five distinct joint.s, the first fre- ; (juently longer than the second; claws toothed ; maxillary palpi ? with the last joint cylindrical. ; , .|| Antennre 10-jointed, the last joint very long and flat. ELA«MOCBRrs. Autenuai 11-joiuted; serrate; M ■■d IDG COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMEUll'A. Eyt'.s finely grniiulated ; Liiliriim (MitiiM. TiM.r«. LaUnim niiiaigiiiftte, poatorior thighs elongated. Peuilyj-l's. Eyort coaraoly graiiuliiled. Cvmatuukua. Elttsmooenis inhabits tho Atlanticdistrict, Cymntodorn is witloly (iitl'ust'd, tlui representatives of tlio otiier freiicra are uiiiay. Of these gont-ra CIniricssa and (,'rogya arc rcpresi-utod in the racilio au well aH iu tho Atlantic districts. Ii: Oronp II.— Corynetes. Insects of small size, witli the antcnme 1 1 -jointed, the last three joints forming a small clul) ; the maxillary pal|ii are longer than the labial, which are only of orilinary length, and not of large size as in tho preceding members of this family. Our species of Xe- crobia have been introduced from Kurope, and live ou animal materials in houses, and in dried carrion in the open air. Tho genera aro as follows : — First joint of tarsi t>qual to the second ; Clul> of antennre elougftted, loose. Lkbahibm.a. Club of autennin small, coinpaot. L.xiutDnii'.H. Fir.st joint of tarsi sliorter and partly covered by the second, club of aiittn- uie oompaot ; Palpi with the last joint elongate, truncate. Necrobia. I'alpi ',vith the last joint subulate. Opetiopai i-i's. The genus Laricobius Is remarkable for the elytra having rows of large quadrate punctures: tho thorax is smaller than usual, transverse, marked with large scattered punctures. Our species is one-tenth of an inch long, of a browni.sh-red color, clothed with short black hairs : I have named it L. rubidus ; it was found near Washington, D. C, by Mr. U. Ulke. Fam. XLIIL—L Y M E X Y L I d a e . Mentum small, quadrate, corneous; ligula coriaceous, small ; palpi Sjointed. IMaxillce exposed at base, with two small ciliate lobes; palpi 4-jointed, stout, in the male very large, flabellate. Antennse inserted at the sides of the bead, lljointed. ser- rate. ni'EsinAE. I'.i',) ITend defloxed, narrowed behind; eyes usually very hiigi.i; niniidiblos moderate, labrum and eiypous distinct. I'rothorax with the hiteral margin well d-'fined, side ])it'cos not separate; prosternum sliort; coxal cavities round, cun- Uuent in our genera, open behind. Mesosternum buuiII, llat, ^ide pieces large, attaining widely the cox JO. ^fetastornum long, with narrow side pieces ; epimora not visible. Klytra nearly as long as the abdomen in our genera, much abbreviated in Atractocerus. Abdomen with five tree ventral segments in Lymexylon, with six or seven in Atractocerus and llylocoetus. Anterior coxiu conical, large, prominent, contiguous in our genera, distant in Atractocerus; middle coxa.' al.s(^ lurge, conical, Contiguous; posterior coxa3 transverse, conical, pruini- nent internally, contiguous. Legs slender, moderately long; tibia3 with small terminal spurs; tarsi5 jointed, filiform; claws simple. This family contains but three pencra, of wliieli one, Atrnoto- ceruH, lias not yet oceurrcd in our fauna, but may be expected in Arizona or Texas, as I have already seen sp'-cinieiis from (Mil- liuahua. A spceies of Lymexylon is very destructive to ship timber in northern Europe, but no danger is to ))e npi)rehendc(l from our species, which is very rare. The genus Ilylocootiis is remarkable for having a small ocellus at the middle of the front. Al)dom, ImIimiiI nu\i(;iii woll di'dtH-il, fitlo piccoM Mo|, , ; |irnF>li'nmiii t'liliii'. willi n «li('.lii |>oiMt l>ohinil llKiiiy info llio incBOBlci-miin; CMXfd I'ftviMt'flfliiiiill, truiHVtMHO, o)M'n l»(>l\iinl ; mulor Bml'iu'O oxciivulcil lur the ixv«'pti'>M oi' till' unliM'ior lojiM. MosostiMnnm liU>)o, unmlrnlo, rci'oiviu^ in IVmil tin* ox- in'Mutv I'i' (lu< piosli'imini ; siiit* pUMU'w v'Xi'»\nli"l li>i llio »i\i>'.illo U'fjH, t\\u\ iillnimiifi llio ooXM". Moi;>;-i»iliMi\ii>. nido |mi>i'om nmt'ow, cpiintMrt iii«t I'llvttM oiilittv with nnvji oT Int'iro Bi|nn)o )>niii'liiron, iiml iu- ton\ioili!\(\> vU>h; j>|Mpl(>mio ninrow, oMi'mluif;, to tl\<' n|M>x. Alvloiuon \\\\\\ Iho \\ iM' V(>n(rnl hi'^kiohIh. An(orivM- «'o\!<-> miumH. not jMonniiiMii, pliolillv Pi>|>ii''iHril uuiKlK* ooxix' nut»(lt!»t(', (ii\t. oo itii'tioiiM; poHtiMior trmiMVOiBC ilni, s\»lo!»(v> }>o»hM'iorlv, voiM'iviiiij' tlu» tlti^lm in mnoao. ,t'iJS ijIvMIiI (M\ oonti'idM 111' ; \\\>\:v wUhoiit IcnniDivl fpilffl iiusi rvjoinUvl, wligluly »l\laloil, H[ y boiioixlh ; olawM hiuhII, A fumily oo\Uniini\ir iv sinirlo vorv nnoinnliMiw iti'Miih. oI' wlilrli but two sp, is MiirK, with till' l\i'ml roil; tl\i> oduT. ('. i'i»ir, iH'0!\sioni»Ily ii\ hixisos. Tho i»l^\nitios t>t' this (V.i.tily nri' von o' iitv ; in tln> furni iiinl iusot-tion ol' tho iuttonuio it is sitniliir to o lirst nononi ol' tho riuH>us; ligula tuoitihranons or coriaceous, with- out para^:los.<;v; palpi o joimoil, short. MaxiliiV exposed at lv\se, with two ciliato lobes, tho in- ternal one sometimes very small; palpi •IJointed. short. AnJenii;v inserttnl upon the front in tho first sub latnily, at the sides of the front in the others, having Aval U — 11 joints, variable iu form. I'llMlliAW. 201 IIi'ihI I'l'liMctilo, frr(|iicn(,Iy |ir'(i|i><')('i| liy ilii. ipfitli'irnx ; fttiil nfjfiui« Daiially Hiimll ; hhIi> |iir('i>« iml, H'-pfirdln; Inti oil rnfiri/iri ll'illii ill HlO IllMl, llllt", l|iHlJnr!|, ill illM H('<','lllrntn or i'tnjir, hjiI^ iiicfcM ihiii'iw. Mlv''''V ndtiro ; r<|ii|il<'iiiM' diMt.m'l, n'iiii<>||iri»>>« vory hmivl. A iMlumoii willt (IvH vniiunl H(M/fiin»itH, tlm CumI, not, ''I'lfi {{Ml ft I. AiiftMidi" nml riiiildio rnniD cylindri'dl, or Hnlij^loltowc, iiiiMJfMMlMly or Imt HJif^lilly |iii>iiininiit, willi(»nt \,in(;\inuUiir^ , |iipk(li'ii(ir (iMxiit iJ'iiiiHVt'iHi', ti( i |if(imi[i»!tit or «lil(if,»"l in(,''r iimIIv ill tlin (liMl,; Hulciiln ',.'iiiii(l inr l.lin rivr^iWun of tlio lliij^liH ill tlin pocoimI ; pli^lif.ly (iroiniiKMit ifit»!rfinlly in tlin tli;i wliiilo f.if|nli(', 'I'Ik! I'uriii vnrii'n Kri'iiWy iKcordiriir to lti«' Hiili I'liiiiily. l'%Mir Hiili-rniiiilii'H lire iinlicatrd an foIloWH ; — y\titc>llli(i' iiiHni'li'il ii|iiin lliii friifit. Aiili'imn' iiiHi'i-ti"! lii'foiM tliii fy«'ji ; 'I llli:i< Willintli K|)III'M, Tilil.'K will) (lifitinid H|iiirH ; l'"iiKt, viMiti-nl Hf'niin'iit, Hdftnwiy lonnnr. ViiDt vuntral Htiginoiil tiloiigatud. t'Tiini\«. Adhiiiiiiak. ISoKTIM' 11 III UK. Li'-tltJAB. ''^'% t: !.' ! I ■ ;i % I ■ 8ul)- Family I,-~I'T[ \f DA F:. Tlioso insects an; of small size, willi tlic hcsul and thorax chtu- jmralivtdy Hiiiall. Tin; aiitciiim! an: inHcrtcd upon t.li'; front, lonfr, lint siMTiitc, and ratluM' Htoiit. Tho Icjr.s aro ionjr, not rontractilf, witL tlic trocliuiitor.H laryo ; the til>ia; iiuvo tho H|»urH objsokle ; iu 202 COLEOPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. the first tribe the first joint of the tarsi is not shorter than the second. The hind coxts are transverse, and are covered by the thighs, in repose. The flanks are continuous with the pronotum. Two tribes may be separated thus : — Antennae very approximate. Auteuuffi distant. Ptinini. eucradiki. Tribe I.— PTimTIWI. The antennae are very approximate at base, long and filiform ; the elytra when glabrous are very much inflated, and embrace the sides of the trunk very widely, leaving the ventral segments very small and narrow. Our genera are : — Antennae approximated, filiform ; head tuberculate ; Elytra inflated, smooth, shining, glabrous ; Thorax smooth, glabrous. Thorax tuberculate, pubescent. Elytra punctured, pubescent ; Teeth of the mentum rounded, labram emarginate. Teeth of the mentum acute ; labrum rounded. The first joint of the tarsi is long in Ptinus, but only equal to the second in the other genera, Oibbium scotias is imported from Europe, as are some of the species of Ptinus, which genus is however generally diffused. Niptus is represented by one New Mexican species. Gibbhtm. Mezicm. NlI'TUS. Ptikus. Tribe II.— EUCRADIIVI. Eucrada humeralis Lee. (Hedobia humeralis Mels.), while evidently related to the preceding tribe, differs by having the antennsfi widely separated at the base, serrate in the female, but with the tip of the 3—10 joints prolonged in the male, so that the organs become pectinate ; the thorax is tuberculate, the elytra are cylindrical, and do not embrace the flanks. The trochanters are moderate, the tibiiE are terminated by a single large spur ; the first joint of the tarsi is long. Sub-Family II.— ANOBIIDAE. The insects of this sub-family are generally of a cylindrical form, though some of the species of Dorcatoma, and especially '■1. PTINIDAE. 203 Tylistus, are nearly globular. The antenna; are distant at base and inserted immediately in front of the eyes ; they are either simply serrate, or have the three outer joints longer; rarely (uialo of Ptilinus) they are flabellate. The hind thighs in repose art- received by the hind coxa;, which arc deeply sulcate behind for that purpose, and form a plate, which is not dilated inwards. The trochanters are short ; the legs are retractile, the tibiae have obso- lete spurs, and the first joint of the tarsi is not shorter than the second. The lateral margin of the prouotum is distinct in all of our genera. Two tribes are represented in our fauna : — Eyes almost in contact with the prothorax. Asobiim. Eyas distant from the prothorax. Ptiuniki; „f'«j;SS*iB|Sii[ . Tribe I.— AXOBIIHTI. ,;: The form is less regularly cylindrical than in the next tribe ; :'.' the head is usually very retractile and deflexed, so as to be not • ,:.''{f^ visible from above, in a state of repose, and the eyes are in con- f ''iJEiy tact with the anterior margin of the thorax. • ' 'j'^ Three groups may be formed, thus : — Prothorax much excavated beneath, for the protection of the mouth ; ». j ^^il'!^ Mandibles dilated at base. Xvi.etini. ' ' ' k'-' Mandibles not dilated at base. • Anobia. Prothorax not excavated beneath. Dryopuili. Group I.— Xyletlnl. ; ' *' i^.j The insects of this group are more robust than those of the other groups, and the contractile power here attains its highest - perfection. The genera form two sub-groups, according to tho form of the antenna;. The large and stout mandibles are dilated -. '', at the base ; the first joint of the antennie is frequently large ; the head is received closely on the breast, and the legs are tigluly ! ' contracted in a state of repose. An oblique line, sometimes ,., • elevated so as to form a margin, runs from the eyes to the base of the labrura ; the plates of the hind coxae are moderately wide. Our genera may be separated thus : — Metastemum advanced between the middle coxae ; Three outer joints of antennae very large ; Metastemum emarginate, eyes entire. ErpArTPS. Metastemum truncate, eyes divided or emarginate. TvLiaixri. -t '■"i ■n ?■ ■ 4 " i , ,, • .'K.J ^ .' i /' 1 , i ■ •' 1' The type of Coelostcthus is Anobium notatum Say; A. quad- | \x. rulum Lee. also belougs to it ; of I'tinodes, Anobium setijerum Lee. ; of Trichodesma, Anobium gibbosum Say. To llemicoolus belong A. gibbicolle Lee, aud carinatum Say. The type of Nicobiuiu is A. seriveum Mels., and of Cacotemnus is A. errans Mels. To Oligoinorus belongs A. Ihoracicum !Mels. The type of Petaliura is Anobium biflrialum Say, a very small elongated species; the antenna; are 10-jointed, the 4th joint is triangular, and the 5 — 1 small and closely connected ; the three outer ones are larger. The mesosternum forms a large transverse + plate, rounded in front, covering the anterior coxa; and almost 'V' ' i i k'i'I meeting the head in repose, and the middle tarsi are received in ," :' ''' a deep groove each side between it and the metasternum; the .'■..! second ventral segment is very long ; the elytra have but two *^- -' ' ;j| ■'■ strii3e near the margin. i»,.../i;i. Group III.— Dryophili. The mandibles are not dilated at the base ; the head is wider than in the preceding group, and the eyes are sometimes very large and prominent. The antennaj are 11-jointcd, and the outer three joints are longer, and sometimes (Dryophilus) attain a very great length. The prothorax beneath is not hollowed out for the protection of the under surface of the head, which is not applied so closely to the breast in repose as in the precedini; group. The prosternum is sometimes more developed in front of the coxye, than in the Anobia ; there is never any pectoral excava- tion. The elytra are not punctured in rows ; the plates of the hind coxae are very small and almost vanish externally ; the last joint of the tarsi is short and dilated iu Xestobium, but is longer aud narrow in the others. Our genera are four, and may be thus distinguished : — Presternum very short in front of the coxne ; Anterior coxse separated by the prosternum. Xestobicm. Anterior coxae contiguous. Puiloxylos. Prosternum well developed in front of the coxob ; Anterior coxae contiguous. Dryophilcts. Anterior coxae separated by the prosternum. Ozognatuds. Of Xestobium we have only the European X tesselatum, which has been introduced. Dryophilus and Pliiloxylon occur on both sides of the continent. Ozognathus is founded upon the Califor- ;* -i'l - *l t* m 206 COLEOl'TEBA OF NORTH AMERICA. nian Ayiobium cornulum Lcc. ; tlie mandibles of tlic male are armed at the base, each with a lung slender horn, ascending and curving inwards, so as to meet its fellow at the tip. To Philoxy- loa belong Anobium concexi/rom Mels., aud A. punctulatuni Lee. Tribe II.— PTILIXIXI. But one genus, Ptilinus, of accurate cylindrical form, represents this tribe. The head is deflexed, less retractile than in the pre- ceding groups; the eyes are small, rounded, and distant from the thorax in the female, but larger in the male ; the antenna) are serrate in the female, branched in the male, and 11 -jointed. The last joint of the palpi is oval. The thorax is convex, rounded in front, protecting the head, and granulate with small tubercles towai tu ; it is not excavated beneath, and the pro- sternum 1? 1, - ;!y developed in front of the coxoe, which are large and contiguous. The plates of the hind coxae are exceed- ingly narr -r The l^gs are moderately retractile, and the first joint of tho tar-. '^ lon^ r ilu 'i the second. The genus is repre- sented on both coasta ol oui country ; it approaches closely in form certain members of the tribe of the next sub-family, and establishes a transition between the two. A slight relation with Melasls of the sub-family Eucnemidae is likewise quite obvious. Sub-Family III.— BOSTRICniDAE. The insects of this sub-family arc elongate in form ; the head is usually deflexed, and protected by the thorax, which is then hood-like in form ; in one tribe, Psoini, it is prominent, and not covered. The mentum is usually small, but in Psoini is large and transverse. The antenna) arc distant, and inserted immediately in front of the eyes, upon, or under the frontal margin, and the three outer joints are always larger. The eyes are small, convex, rounded, and distant from the prothorax. The pronotura is not separated from the flanks by a marginal line, except in the first tribe. The anterior coxa) are large, globose or sub-conical ; the hind coxas are not sulcate behind, and project at the inner part ; the spurs of the middle and hind tibioe are distinct, and the ante- rior tibios! are terminated by one long spur, and usually serrate ; the trochanters are short j the first joint of the tarsi is very short, PTTNIDAK. 207 soinetimos obsolete ; the fifth joint k long, with simple claws. Tlio first ventral segment is but slightly lunger than the seeoud. Three tribes are indicated : — Thorax with distinct hiteml margin. Endecatomini. Tliorax witliout lateral margin ; Head covered by prothorax ; anterior coxoe contiguous. BosTKrcuiNi. liead prouiiueut ; anterior coxio distant. I'soi.Ni. Tribe I.-EIVDECATOMIIVI. The genus Endecatomus, placed by jn-evious authors in the family Cisidae, seems to me, for reasons indicated below, to belong rather to the present, in which it constitutes a distinct tribe. The head is covered in part by the prothorax, which is dis- tinctly margined at the sides. The epistoma is separated from the front by a very distinct suture; the antennoj are U-jointed, with a loosely articulated 3-joiuted club. The anterior co.xai are prominent, and contiguous ; the terminal spur of the anterior tibiaj is large and hooked. The last joint of the tarsi is very long. The species known to me, Endecatomus ruyosus, is an oblong convex blackish-brown dull insect, covered with inequalities and small erect brown hairs ; it is less than one-fifth of an inch long, and is found iu fungi. It seems to have but little relation to the Cisidae, but to be rather a' connecting link between Bostrichus aud Anobium. Tribe II.— BOSTRICIIIMI. The insects of this tribe arc moderate in size, or small, of a cylindrical form, with the head deflexed, prolonged behind the small prominent eyes, and covered by the 1 'Ofi-iikc prolongation of the prothorax; the epistoma is separated by a moderately dis- tinct suture ; the anterior portion of the latter is usually rough with tubercles, and in the genus IJostrichus is frequently pro- longed, forming two short horizontal horns ; the anterior coxal cavities are confluent ; the hind i)art of the elytra is frequently obliquely declivous. The antennae have 10 joints in our genera, and the club is 3-jointed. Tiie external margin of the anterior tibiaa is more or less serrate in all of our genera. Our genera are found in fungi, and under bark : — Intermediate joints of antennre sliorter than the first and .second; Joints 8—10 very long, forming a serrate club. Sinoxylok. ■."■t iSt 208 COLEOrTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Intennedinte joints of niitenuse longer tlian th« first aud second ; Tarsi as long as the tibi», 2d joint elongated ; Front margined at least at the sides. BostrichI'S. Front not margined at the sides. Amimuckkl's. Tarsi short, 2d joint not elongated ; Joints 8 and 9 of antenna; transverse, rounded. Disoderub. Joints 8 and i) of antenna) triangular. ' Rnizoi-EUTHA. The only species known of the last genus, Rhizopertha pusilla, has been introduced in specimens of wheat distributed from tlio Patent Office. To Amphicerus belong Ajmte hicaudata Say, A. aspericollis Germ., and Bostrichus imnctipennis Lee. ij' I' Tribe III.— PSOIIVI. The insects composing this tribe are of large or moderate size ; the thora.x is oval, not margined at the sides, truncate in front, not protecting the head, which is large and prominent. The club of the antennuD is 3-jointed. The anterior coxae are scjiarated by the prosternum. Our genera are two in number, and are represented only in maritime California. AntenniB 11-jointed. Antennse 10-jointed. POLVCAON. ACKEPIS. Polycaon Lap. has for synonyms Exops Curtis, and AUcroc- nemin Lee. The original unique specimen of Acrepis maculata Lee. has been lost at sea, and I cannot now determine the differ- ence between the genus and Psoa. It is quite possible that it should be united either with Psoa or Exopsoides. I J, I Sub-Family lY.— LYCTIDAE. The head is prominent, somewhat narrowed behind the eyes, not covered by the prothorax, which is trapezoidal in form, and has a fine lateral margin. The antennce are 11-jointed, and the club is rounded, and consists of but two joints ; the epistoma is separated from the front by an indistinct suture. The anterior 00X88 are entirely inclosed and separated by the prosternum ; the middle ones arc also moderately separated, and the hind coxse are widely distant ; the first ventral segment is much longer than the others. ••.17 CIOIDAE. S09 Our genera arc two, both containing species of small size : — Anturior tibioo with the outer apical angle prolonged. Lyctuij. Anterior tibiie with the outer apical angle not prolonged. Tuoooxylon. The typo of Trogoxylou is Xylolroyus parallclipipcdus Mels., from the Middle States. Lyctus is attached by Lacordairc to the Cioidoe, but ho ad- mits the difficulty of placing it properly in any family ; from the 5-jointed tarsi, with the first joint very short, and the distinct terminal spur of the anterior tibite, 1 think it and Endceatomus are more naturally placed in the present than in the next family. Lacordairc states that the anterior and middle coxie are con- tiguous in Lyctus ; they are not so in any of our species, and although nearly in contact in L. alriatus, they arc widely separate iu L. lAanicollis. ■ ;\ Fam. XLVL— C 1 O I D a E. Mentum trapezoidal, corneous ; ligula without paraglossce ; palpi short, 3-jointed, Maxillai exposed at the base, Avith two flattened, ciliated lobes ; palpi short, 4-jointed. Antenna) inserted at the anterior margin of the eyes ; 8 — 10-jointed, with the last three joints larger, forming a loose club. Head more or less- protected by the thorax ; epistoma usually with a reflexed margin ; labrum distinct ; mandibles short in our genera ; clypeal suture distinct ; eyes rounded, somewhat coarsely granulated. Prothorax with the lateral margin distinct; cylindrical, rounded in front, and prolonged over the head; occasionally toothed or horned ; coxal cavities small, separate, narrowly closed behind. Mesosternum short, triangular; side pieces scarcely ex- tending to the coxa3. Metasternum large; side pieces narrow, linear. Elytra entirely covering the abdomen; epipleura) narrow. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, the first longer than the others. Anterior and middle coxcc oval, not prominent, without trochantins ; hind ones transverse, separated. Legs moderately short ; tibiae either dilated and serrate, 14 1.: I' ; ■ .« ■t '.'A IP 210 COLEorXEAA OF NOnTII A>tERTCA. or linear, spurs not distinct ; tarsi -A-jointcd, joints 1 — 3 very short, e(iuul, -Ith long, with aimplo cluwd. Very small insects, found luuler bark of trees, and in the dry and woody species of fnngns, such as I'olyporus. They are usually gregarious. In some of the species the head and the anterior margin of tho thorax are in the male ornamented with horns. Our gpnera are but three in number, all having tho tarsi free, not received in tibial grooves. Antonnnp lO-jointod, tibiie not serrate. CiB. AnttninfB 9-jointecl. Enneaiitiiiion. Aiitoiin;c 8-jointed, tibifD not serrate. Ceuacis. The last genus is not yet rei)rcscnted in the Pacific fauna. The other two are distributed on both sides of the continent. fi\ II Fam. xlvii.— tenebrionidae. Mcntum variable in form, sometimes entirely closing the opening of the mouth inferiorly; ligula usually visible, some- times concealed ; paraglossa> distinct ; labial palpi 3-jointed. Maxillaj with two lobes, the inner one smaller, sometimes armed with a terminal corneous hook ; palpi 4-jointed. Mandibles usually short, robust, and furnished with a basal tooth ; emarginate at tip in the first and second sub- families ; either emarginate or entire in the third. Eyes usually transverse, with tho anterior outline emar- ginate. Antenna) generally inserted iinder the sides of the head, or at least under a small frontal ridge ; usually thickened externally ; sometimes subserrate, very rarely (male of Ehi- pidandrus) pectinate; usually 11 -jointed, very rarely 10- jointed, Prothorax with epimera arid episterna not separate ; coxal cavities separated by the prosternum (except in Daeodcrus), and entirely closed behind. Mesosternum short, side pieces usually attaining the coxae, though in several tribes they are cut off by the sterna ; in the latter case no trochantin is visible. Metasternum variable in length, side pieces sometimes wide, sometimes narrow. Elytra rounded at tip, covering the abdomen, frequently embracing its sides very far. tl )ii It in O til X or ISO CO mi( ^''■? TENEnniONIPAE. 211 Abdomen with fivo ventral segments, of wliie.h the first tlirco a})[)0!ir moro closely couuoctud than the others, though not Uuculedly uuuuato. Logs variable; anterior coxfo globose, rarely oval, not })rominent, without trochantin; middle eoxie rounded, with or without trochantin; hind eoxjo transverse, more or less separated; tarsi without niendjranous lobes; anterior and middle ones ^-jointed; hind tarsi 4-jointed, the first joint almost always longer than the seeond ; elaws simple. This family contains a large number of genera, possessing in fommon very few characters, yet linked together by such gradual changes in structure that their classification presents almost iu- f-uperable dilliculties. The division into tribes can scarcely be exhibited in a tabular form, on account of the varied relations exhibited by the members of some of the tribes. The species live upon vegetable matter in various conditions ; the habits of those contained in the respective tribes will bo )iientioned below. The limits of the family are very well dofined, although by Lacordaire certain genera have been retained, which I have found it necessary to exclude ; these are IJoros, Cononotus, and rcnthe, in all of which the anterior coxal cavities are open behind. The distribution of the genera of this family is very remarkable. Of those without wings scarcely any are common to the two con- tinents. With the exception of three, they are not represented in North America, east of the longitude of the mouth of the Platte or Nebraska River; from that point they increase in number of genera, species, and individuals, until, in California, they form the characteristic feature of the insect fauna. The representation of genera on this continent being thus im- perfect, the characters given in the short synoptic tables will not always enable our genera to be distinguished from those of other countries. The student, for such purpose, must consult Lacor- daire's genera des Coleoptcres, vol. 5, a work not less admirable for the wonderful industry displayed in it, than for being the first successful effort towards a rational classification of this most difficult family. The recognition of the value of the form of the middle coxae, and the vestiture of the tarsi in establishing natural divisions and tribes, we owe to his acute observation. I3y combining with these characters another not before observed, X I % m 'm :.;:i 'J 1 2 C(H,E(»I'TKKA OF NORTH AMKIllCA. (loriveil from tliu ;{tl aiiti 4lli veiitnil scj^mciits, this fuiuily iiui}', in my opinion, lie in-opcrly divided iulu lUruu bub-l'uiuiiiuH :* — VtMitnil HeginuntH outirely coriitfous ; ' Miililli' coxu' witliout tiDi'liiiiitiii. Tkntyiiiui*. Mi>l>llu ooxiu witli tliNtinct trochiuitin. Ahiiuda. Vuutriil HugiuviitH 3 and 4 with tbo hind umrgiu coriaceous. Sub-Family I.— TKXTYUlIDAi:. Tlio species of this sub-fiimily tiro distiiijifiii«ho(l by the middle coxtc beiiip entirely inclosed by the Kterniv, without any trochiuitin ; the side pieces of the mesothorax eonse(juently do not extend to the coxal cavities ; the ventral segments are entirely corneous, the 3d and 4th having no vestige of a jyosterior ooria<'eons margin. Besides these two distinguishing characters, coinnioii to all the tribes, there are others worthy of notice, which belong to indi- vidual tribes, and arc not found to recur in the other two buIj- families. The species, with tlic exception of Kpitragini and a few Thino- batinl, arc apterous, and the metasternum is very short, except in the winged species. In Zopherini the eyes are very linely granu- lated, a singular exception in this family. The nieiitum is fre- quently very large, so as to fdl entirely the gnlar cavity, and to cover completely the maxilla) and ligula, so that the gular process usually supporting it ceases to exist. This character recurs again only in certain Asidini of the next sub-family. The tarsi are sometimes spinous, sometimes i)ubesccnt beneath. The front is fre(iuently trilobed. The tribes represented in our fauna arc us follows : — Mentiim concealing both maxilla! and ligula ; Episterna of luetathorax very wido ; front trilobed. Episterna of inetathonix narrow ; I'ro- and inesosternum not articulating together ; Frout lobod, body apterous. Frout not lobed, body sometimes winged. I. Epipuysiki. II. ONATnOSUNI. III. TmSOUATINI. * Two described insects cannot bo placed in the arrangement of this family, from want of sufficient knowledge of their characters. The first, Dysimithes Stililber(jii Mann. Bull. Mosc. 18r»3, ii. 2G5, is said to be simile in form to Nycteli'a, but to have antenuju like Gnathosia ; the form of men^ turn, if known, would determine its position. The second is Pediinm stitu- ralis Say, Jouru. Ac. Nat. So. Phil., iii. 2G3, which has not been ideutifiud in recent times. (, TRNKnniONinAK. 213 ■li' MfHostormim emarginalo, ncviving the proHtcmnm, Iwnly win>;o,'H, oonconling cillior tlio li>,'ul/i or ninxiUoj, never both ; (K|)iHturnii of iiKitiitlioriix narrow in our tribtia ;) Til.ial !iiiia' lO-joiatoit. VIF. Dacodkiiini. Anti-rior cox!i) H<'p;iratt'(! ; niitiMiii.T ll-jointed. VIII. Stumiwi.m. Mentiim Hnidil, ninxill;i' and liKula liotli I'xjjoscd; I'rothorax glolwso, not niarjjjinud ; luoHolhorax iwduncnlafcd. IX. Al'lW UYIMIINI. TrilK) I.-EPIPIIYNINI. Body Hliort, convex, niiU'roiis ; ciiisloma trilolicd, lahriim pro- minent; niontmn very lar^e, entirely liiling the gulur euvity ; ligula and inaxillic concealed ; tliorax very short, anterior angles acute, i)roinin(!nt ; elytra globose, sides embracing widely the Hanks, epiplennn narrow, anterior coxa> widely si |ianited, pro- sternum closely litling to the mesosternum ; hind coxic transverse, widely separated. Tarsi ciliatc beneath. Thi,s triljc contains but two genera, each characterizing a sepa- rate group. Kpipliysa, with short tarsi and glabrous body, is found at the Cape of (Jood Hope. Kdrot<'s, with sl» nder tarsi and sparsely clothed with long hairs, contains two si)ecies : one {E. rotundus) found on the eastern slope of the Ilocky ^NFoun- tains ; the other {E. ventrivosiis Lee.) in the Colorado valley, California, Tribo II.-«^ATnOSIl]VI. Body variable in form, apterous ; cpistoma trilobed in onr genera, but with at least a ))rominent middle lobe, always leaving the base of the mandibles exposed ; labrum j)rominent ; mentum very large, entirely fdling the giilar cavity; ligula and maxilla) concealed ; elytra widely embracing the fianks of the abdomen, or not ; prosternnm not adapted to the mesosternum. Tarsi (of the genera of America) with rigid hairs beneath. The sixth tribe of liacordaire, Tentyrides, appears to me to be capable of a natural division into two, according as the cpis- toma is lobed or not. The limits of these tribes seem, as far as I have been able to refer to foreign genera, to be well defined. ^■H ■f-i .m '.''4\ - .1 1 !'■■:. hi m M 8U COLEOPTEEA OF NOBTB AMERICA. Our genera may be arranged — Middle lobe of epistoma rounded ; mandibles toothed above ; eyes rounded. TuioKoruus. Middle lobe of epistoma truncate ; mandibles not toothed ; Hind coxje wic'ely separated ; eyes subtransveise. Ckaniotus. Hind coxie approximate ; eyes emargiuate. Tuimytis. Trioropbus contains four species ; three from California, anil one from Texas. Craniotus is found in tlie interior of California, Triniytis in Xew Mexico and Nebraska. All are found on the ground, under stones, &c. The intercoxal process of the abdo- men is parallel in the first two genera, but triangular and acute in Trimytis. Each genus may be considered as representing a separate group. Tribe III.-THINOBATIXI. Body oval or rounded, sometimes winged ; epistoma truncate, or feebly rounded; labrum prominent, or not; mcntuni very large, entirely filling the gular covity ; ligula and maxillaj concealed ; elytra not widely embracing the flanks of the abdomen ; prostevnum not adapted to the mesosternum ; metasternum sometimes elon- gated ; middle coxas without trochantiu, inclosed by the stcna ; hind coxae approximate, intercoxal process of the abdomen ac ute. Tarsi ciliate beneath. Although the unique specimens of Cryptadius and Auchraobius have been lost, I am quite certain about the position of those genera. Our genera may be thus tabulated : — Eyes with distinct superciliary ridges ; Anterior tibia) vr'.'h the outer angle prolonged ; Body inflated. Body elongate oval. Anterior tibiiB truncate at tip. Eyes without superciliary ridges, anterior tibine truncate. In some individuals, both of Ilurymetopon and Emmcnastus, the labrum is retracted and almost concealed under the epistoma. In both genera are species with and without wings ; in the former case the metasternum is longer than the first ventral segment. To Eramenastus I would refer Eurymetopon longulum, obcsum, and atrum Lee. All the species of this tribe are Californian, except a few Emmenastus from Nebraska, New ^Mexico, and Texas. The winged species arc found under bark of Prosopin, the others under stones. Cryptadics. Eurymetopon-. Emmenastcs. ArcnsioBics. TENEBRTONmAE. Tribe IV.-EPITRAGIiyi. 215 Body oval, winged ; epistoma trilobed (in our species) ; Inbruui prominent ; mentum very large, entirely filling the gular cavity ; ligula and maxillaj concealed ; elytra with narrow epipleurte ; prosternum (in our species) prolonged and pointed, fitting into the deeply emarginate mesosteruum ; metasternum long, with narrow side pieces ; middle coxaj without trochautin, inclosed by the sterna ; hind coxa! approximate, intercoxal process of the abdomen acute ; tarsi pubescent beneath. Our species are few in number, and belong to Epitragus ; they are found on tall grass, in moist places. None have yet occurred in the Pacific district. E. canaliculatus Say, is remarkable for the thorax of the male having a broad, dorsal groove, limited by elevated ridges. The characters here given do not apply to the tribe as received by Lacordaire, which might probably with advantage be divided. Tribe V.— ANEPSIIIVI. Body elongate oval, apterous, sparsely hairy ; head received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are almost divided, small and coarsely granulated ; front dilated at the sides over the base of the mandibles, subraarginate anteriorly, partly covering the la- brum ; mentum large, flat; maxilla3 exposed, ligula concealed; gular peduncle broad, distinct ; palpi not dilated; antennnj II- jointed, very slightly thickened e.vterually ; thorax not applied closely to the trunk ; metasternum with narrow episterna ; middle coxae surrounded by the sterna, without trochantin ; hind coxa? not widely separated, intercoxal process of abdomen triangular ; legs short, tibial spurs distinct, especially the anterior ones, ante- rior tibiaj strongly dilated and compressed ; tarsi short, with small spines beneath. Three small species, from the Colorado Desert, constitute this tribe. Anepsius was placed by Lacordaire with the Ulomini, from which it differs not only by the larger mentum and concealed ligula, but by the absence of any coriaceous margin ou the third and fourth ventral segments. The two genera are distinguished as follows : — Antennoe slender, gradually thickened externally. Akepsiits. AntenniB short, four last joints slightly but suddenly larger. BArrLifs. •! 'H 111''.' .'. 'M 216 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Tribe VI.— ZOPHERIIVI. Body elongate, apterous, rough, covered with elevations ; epistoma truncate or broadly emarginate ; labrum uncovered ; inentum large, leaving the base of the maxillae and sometimes the ligula exposed, inserted upon a very broad, short, gular process ; head received by the prothorax as far as the eyes, which are very transverse and very finely granulated ; antenna; with the outer two or three joints usually connate, elytra but feebly cm- bracing the flanks, without distinctly defined epipleura;. Meta- sternum short, with narrow side pieces ; middle coxa; without trochantin, inclosed by the sterna. Anterior and hind coxa; very widely separated ; intercoxal process of the abdomen broad, rect- angular ; tibial spurs very small, or wanting. Our genera are as follows : — Tarsi sulcate beneath ; ligula concealed ; Antenn» received in very deep grooves ; i Joints of antennte 9 — 11 connate, truncate at tip. ZornEKUS. Jf ''.is of antennsB 10 — 11 connate, pointed at tip. PuLiiiODES. Antennal cavities obsolete behind, antenna? as in I'hlojodes. Nosercs. Tarsi not sulcate beneath ; ligula prominent ; antennJE not received in cavities ; AntenniB 11-jointed, 10th joint wider than the 9th and 11th. Phellopsis. Zopherns occurs in Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado Desert, To Phloeodes belong Nosoderma diaboUcum auCi pustulosiun Lee, found iu California ; the getius is indicated but not named by Lacordaire. The type of Noserus is the Californian Noaoderma plicatum Lee. To Phellopsis belong Boletophagus obcordatus Kirby, from Canada and New England, and Nosoderma porcatum Lee, from Oregon. The genus Nosodcrma does not occur in our territory ; it differs from Phellopsis by the antenna; having the 10th and 11th joints connate into a rounded mass. Tribe VII.— DACODERI^TI. This tribe contains but a single species Dacoderus striaticeps Lee, a singular insect, of small size, found under bark, at the junction of the Colorado and Gila Rivers. Body elongate, not convex, apterous ; head constricted behind into a narrow neck ; eyes coarsely granulated, oval ; mcutum TENEBRIONIDAE. 217 large, Innate, filling the gular cavity, and covering the base of the maxillte, ligula prominent; antenna) lO-jointed, tlucls, joints rounded, equal ; anterior coxa) contiguous, their cavities conflu- ent, though closed behind;* middle coxe without trochantin, entirely inclosed by the sterna ; hind coxa; widely separated, intercoxal process of the abdomen obtuse, Grst ventral segment elongated ; elytra embracing but slightly the flanks of the abdomen, epipleurae narrow. Legs moderately short, tibial spurs scarcely distinct, tarsi pubescent. Side pieces of metasternum very narrow. The elytra are shining and coarsely punctured, the thorax elongated, constricted at the middle, with a convex lateral tu- bercle just in the constriction. Tribe VilL— STENOSINI. Body slender, apterous; head constricted behind into a neck; labruni covered by the epistoma ; mentum large, inserted upon a gular peduncle ; maxilla; exposed, ligula slightly prominent ; eyes variable in form, coarsely granulated ; antenna; 11-jointed; elytra embracing but slightly the flanks of the abdomen ; anterior coxa; moderately separated ; middle coxne without trochantin, inclosed by the sterna ; hind coxa) moderately distant ; legs feeble, tibial spurs obsolete, tarsi ciliate. Side pieces of metasternum narrow. Of this tribe but a single representative Aroeoschizun costipen- nis Lee, is known from our territory ; it is found on the borders of the Colorado Desert. AriEoschizus is distinguished from foreign genera by the eyes being not divided, but very small and linear, situated on the upper surface of the head, between the margin and an elevated line ; by the 11th joint of the thick antennas, being snuill and partly received by the 10th ; and by the thorax being long and feebly convex, not costate on the disk. Tribe IX.— APOCRYPHI.^I. Body slender, apterous ; head not constricted behind ; labrum prominent ; eyes small, emarginate, coarsely granulated ; mentum small, inserted upon a gular peduncle ; maxilla; and ligula ex- posed; last joint of palpi strongly securiform ; antenna; 11 -jointed, slender, scarcely thickened externally ; prothorax globose, flanks not separated from the sides ; trunk pedunculated ; elytra em- * This character is known in no otlier Tenebrionide. 4 •„';r :-*:-' ^:-i .1 218 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. bracing widely the flanks of the abdomen ; epipleurte narrow. Anterior coxa; moderately separated ; middle coxte inclosed by the sterna, without trochautin ; hind coxob small, widely separated ; legs long, thighs clavate ; tibioe slender, with very small spurs ; tarsi pubescent, with long hairs. This tribe consists of a single genus, Apocrypha, of which two species from California are known ; they are about one-tenth of an inch long, and resemble in form certain Dyschirius of the family Carabidifi ; the thorax is globose, and densely punctured ; the elytra are sparsely punctured, with a few erect, long hairs ; the whole body is sparsely pubescent ; they are found on the ground, and are rare. The genus Cononotus, formerly regarded by mo as allied to Apocrypha, does not belong to this family. The present tribe is considered by Lacordaire as being a group of the tribe Ilelopini ; the absence of the membranous posterior margin to the third and fourth ventral segments, which is so evi- dent in Helopini and all the allied tribes, induces me to remove it from the association in which it was placed to Lacordaire. At the same time it must be said that the observation of such characters, as are relied on for the classification of this family, is sometimes very difficult in small species, unless specimens may be submitted to dissection ; but whatever may be the affinities of Apocrypha, its claim to rank as a distinct tribe cannot be con- troverted. Sub-Family II.— ASIDIDAE. In this sub-family the middle coxa; are coTitained in cavities wliich are open externally, so as to enable the epimera of the mcsosternum to reach the cavities ; there is also a distinct tro- chautin visible in the space thus formed. To these characteristics it may be added that the gular peduncle, for the support of the mentum, is visible, except in a few Asidini ; the mcsosternum is always very short, and the wings are wanting ; the tarsi are always channelled beneath, spinous or setose along the margin, almost never pubescent. The species are all found walking on the ground in desert regions. Our tribes are only the following : — Labrum partly covered by the front. I. Crtptoglossini. Labruin prominent ; Meutum large, ligula partly concealed. II. Asidim. m TENEBRIONIDAE. 219 Tribe I.— CRYPTOGLOSSIIVI. • ^\> ' ; ';i i Mentura small, ligula entirely exposed, lunate ; ' 1 1 Gula with a sliort medial fissure. III. Bbanchini. • ' ' "fi Oula without llssure ; iuteruoxal process of abdoueu acute. ■ > ^, ' ?i j IV. COXIOSTIJII. ' |S I In a natural arrangement the last tribe will probably take place 11 as a sub-tribe of I'raocini, distinguished from the genuine Trao- ^ eini by the form of the intereoxal i)roccss of the abdomen, whicli is broad in them. The genuine Praocini do not, however, appear t . in our fauna, and any discussion of the question would be, at present, irrelevant. ^ ';'ii Body elongate, apterous ; head rarely deflexed, usually promi- nent, oval, and gradually narrowed behind the eyes, which are small, transverse, and reniform, coarsely or moderately flnely granulated ; labrura entirely or partly covered by the epistoma ; ''i, uientum moderately large, inserted upon a broad gular peduncle ; maxilliB exposed, lignla not prominent; elytra with moderate ' j:.j opipleurn?, not very widely embracing the flanks of the abdomen , « ' middle coxa) with distinct trochantin, side pieces reaching the coxal cavities; hind coxa) distant, intereoxal process truncate; legs moderate or stout ; tibial spurs distinct. • • • :'!■ I have removed from this tribe the genera Eulabis, Epantins, and Ccrenopus, included in it by Lacordaire, since they have the hind margin of the 3d and 4th ventral segments coriaceous. Our genera indicate two sub-tribes, so distinct that they should probably rank as separate tribes. fien.'B prominent ; tarsi pubescent. Nyctopoki.ni. Geua) not produced ; tarsi setose. CRYPTOoLobsiNi. Sub-Tribe I.— IVyctoporiiii. This sub-tribe consists of bnt a single Californian gonns, Xycto- poris, found under bark. The body is elongate and rough, the elytra arc scnlptured with numerous rows of acute elevations, and frecjuently eostnte ; the epipleurte occupy the whole of the in- flexed portion of the elytra. The nieiitum is large, quadrate, and transverse, the gular peduncle is almost wanting, the sides of the head beneath are prolonged so as almost to touch the sides of the mentum, thus covering the maxilla? except at the base, where they are visible ; the last joint of the palpi is but slightly • ■if -■'(I 220 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. I dilated ; the front is dilated, concealing the labrum. The side pieces of the metasternura are narrow ; the 2d and 3d ventral segments are scarcely emarginate. The legs are moderate, the tibial spurs are small, and the tarsi are pubescent. Sub-Tribe II.— Cryptoglossini. Body oblong, with variable sculpture ; the epipleuroe occupy only a portion of the inflexed portion of the elytra, which is wider than in the preceding sub-tribe ; the mentura is moderately large, oval, and flat, in our genera, and the sides of the head are not prolonged beneath ; the gular peduncle is distinct ; the last joint of the palpi is slender or slightly dilated ; labrum almost entirely concealed by the dilated front. The side pieces of the raetasternum are tolerably wide ; some of the ventral segments are strongly emarginate behind. Legs long and stout, tibial spurs not small, tarsi spinous beneath. Our genera belong to the group Centriopterte, distinguished by the mesosternum being prominent. Mesosternum perpendicular in front ; last joint of antenna? oval, acute, not smaller than the preceding. Centkioi'tera. Mesosternum broadly concave ; Last joint of antennae oval, very little smaller than the 10th. OOCHILA. Last joint of antennie truncate, one-half smaller than the 10th. Ceyptoglossa. Centrioptera differs besides from the other genera by the hind thighs being roughened with little teeth. The type of Oochila is Asbolus? infaustus Lee. from Texas ; Asbolus Lee. is synony- mous with Cryptoglossa Sol. ; Centrioptera is found in California, Cryptoglossa iu Arizona and Utah. Tribe II.— ASIDINI. Body ovate, apterous ; head scarcely narrowed behind the eyes, which are transverse, reniform, and moderately finely granulated ; epistoma very short, not covering the base of the mandibles ; labrum prominent ; mentum large, either filling entirely the gular cavity or inserted upon a very short and wide peduncle, and thus leaving the base of the maxillse exposed ; in either case a space permits the lateral play of the palpi, the last joint of which is large and securiform; antennse (11-jointed in our genera) with TENEBRIONIDAE. 221 the nth joint smaller than the 10th ; elytra embracing widely the flanks of the abdomen (except in Microschatia) ; epipleurie indistinct, middle coxa) with distinct trochantin, side pieces of mesothorax scarcely reaching the cavities ; metastcrnum very short, with the episterna wide, and epimera not visible ; hind coxa; moderately separated ; intercoxal process of abdomen ob- tuse ; 4th and 5th ventn.l segments somewhat prolonged behind at the sides. Legs moderate, tibial spurs distinct ; tarsi setose, but not sulcatc beneath. Front transversely impressed in all the species known to me. The shortness of the middle of the front, and the exposed base of the mandibles give a somewhat trilobed anterior outline, thus recalling for the last time, though feebly, the form seen in some of the earlier tribes of the family ; the large size of the mentura is another reminiscence of the tribes alluded to, and this aflinity is still more strongly indicated in the foreign genus Machla, which, while placed by Lacordaire in the present tribe, is remark- able for having the middle coxaj without trochantin and entirely inclosed by the sterna. Instances like the one here given show the impossibility of exhibiting even the most important afliuities in a linear arrangement of a family constituted, like the present, of a very large number of tribes of equal value. Our genera are : — Mentum filling the gular cavity; Last joint of maxillary palpi moderate ; mentum and mandibles approxi- mate, leaving room only for the palpi ; Inflexed portion of elytra narrow. Microhcuatia. lullexed portion elytra wide ; Prosternum prominent, ant. tibiiE with the outer angle prolonged. AsTltOTCS. Prosternum not prominent ; anterior tibite truncate. Ologlyptus. Last joint of maxillary palpi very large ; mentum and mandibles sepa- rated by a wide space. Pelkcyimiorus. Mentum inserted upon a broad peduncle, lateral fissures distinct ; last joint of maxillary palpi very large ; Posterior angles of thorax distinct. Asida. Posterior angles of thorax obtuse or rounded. Euschides. The last two genera do not seem to be separated by any distinct characters : by combining them Asida would become protean in form like Pelecyphorus and Eleodes. The genera Microschatia, Pelecyphorus, and Euschides, occur from Kansas to the Pacific coast ; Astrotus is found in Texas ; M:-i. .,!..^ ! I •v^d .- (■ ■','\ V '4 '4 'ii 222 COLEOPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Ologlyptas (Pactostoma Lee.) and Asida in Kansas and New Mexico. Philolithus Lac. I have not adopted as it seems to merge im- percepti'jly into Pelecypliorua. Tribe IIL-BRANCHIIIiri. Body oval, moderately convex, apterous ; head flat, received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are transverse and mode- rately coarsely granulated ; epistoma emarglnate in the middle, feebly trilobed (as in Asida), covering the base of mandibles ; frontal suture indistinct ; labrum prominent, emargiuate ; an- tennae slender, 11-jointed, outer points broader ; raentum moder- ate, trapeziform, emarginate in front, inserted upon a gular pe- duncle which is distinctly lissured at the middle owing to the coalescence of the gular sutures ; maxillae exposed, palpi very slightly dilated ; ligula moderately prominent, emarginate. Pro- thorax bisinuate at base, hind angles slightly prolonged, embracing the humeri ; elytra embracing widely the flanks of the abdomen ; epipleurae narrow, suddenly dilated at the base ; anterior coxoj subtransverse, middle coxae with distinct trochantin, side pieces attaining the coxal cavities ; metasternum short, episterna wide, epimcra distinct ; hind coxae separated, intercoxal process of ab- domen truncate ; tibial spurs distinct, tarsi setose beneath. I have separated as a distinct tribe a new genus Branchus, which seems to combine characters belonging to the South Ameri- can tribes Nycteliini and Praocini. With the former it possesses the medial gular fissure, with the latter the prominent emarginate ligula ; the epipleurae are suddenly dilated at the base in all three. The species of Branchus somewhat resemble in form Opatrum, and are opaque, coarsely punctured, and slightly pubescent ; on the elytra are rows of vague foveae as in Discodemus, but more strongly marked. They are known to me from Nicaragua, Island of New Providence (Bahama), and Florida. A species from Honduras difiTers from the others by its anterior tibiae being trun- cate, and will, therefore, constitute a distinct genus ; in form it resembles a broad Asida rather than Opatrum ; the tibiae of the other species are prolonged at the outer angle, though less so than in Eusattus and allied genera of Coniontini. So far as I know, none of the species of this tribe are described. The species from Florida, -61 unc. long, with the thorax strongly narrowed in .1! I '3'! TWn TENEBRIONIDAE. 223 front and rounded on the sides, coarsely punctured, with a faint smooth dorsal line, and the elytra with faint costa3 between the rows of irregular fovea), maybe called liranchus Jloridanus. Tribe IV.— COIVIOIVTINI. Body oval or globose, apterous ; epistonia covering the base of the mandibles; labrum prominent; mentum moderate, eraar- ginatc ; gular peduncle short or almost obsolete ; ligula promi- nent, emarginate ; maxilloe exposed ; eyes transverse, small, mode- rately coarsely granulated ; elytra usually with narrow ei)ipleur£e ; anterior coxffi subtransverse ; middle coxa) with distinct trochantin, side pieces of mesothorax attaining the coxal cavities ; meta- sternum very short, episterna wide, epiraera visible ; hind coxai approximate ; intercoxal process of abdomen acute ; tibial spurs long, tarsi spinous beneath ; the first joint of hind tarsi very long. Anteiince very short ; lat joint of anterior tarsi prolonged into a large Bpine. COELCS. Antennae long ; tarsi simple ; Anterior tibiae with the outer angle much prolonged ; luflexed portion of elytra wide ; Epipleurae suddenly dilated at the base. DiscoDEMrs. EpipleursB gradually wider in front. Ecsattuh. Inflexed portion of elytra narrow, limited by epipleural margin. COXIPIN0S. Anterior tibia truncate at hip ; inflexed portion of elytra narrow. CONIONTIS. Coelua contains two species found on the California seashore. Discodemus is founded upon Zophosis reticulata Say., from Kansas and Arizona, and Couipinus upon Eumttus dubius and prndiictus Lee., from Arizona; Eusattus is distributed from Kansas to Texas, California, and Oregon. Coniontis contains several Cali- fornian species, one from Oregon and one from Kansas. These insects are all found under stones, «fec. on the ground. ■■h^ n ' r i:.' 1 :i '>■■■■ -( 1 * t. , f 1;! n • : i ', ' 'A <»• • i\: ■ ; .lli '<*,. Sub-Family III.— TENEBRIONIDAE (gcnuini). In this sub-family the posterior margin of the third and fourth ventral segments is coriaceous ; the middle coxa) are usually pro- vided with a distinct trochantin, and their cavities extend out- wards to reach the epimera ; sometimes (Ulomini) the trochantin is absent, but in these cases it appears to me rather to be united '♦:;! Ml '•''8 224 COLEOPTEBA OF NOUTII AMEniCA. with the mcsosteriium, than to bo absohitt-ly wuntiiig, as in the first sub-iamily ; tho iniddlu coxu) arc in no case so closely em- braced by the sterna as in tho Tentyriidu). The body is more fre(iuently winged than apterous, and, cousuciucntly, the nieta- sternum is more frequently long than short ; the nientum is small, or, at most, moderate in size, and does not conceal either ligula or maxilltt! ; the gular peduncle is ai>vays distinct. The anterior COXU) are sometimes oval or subtransverse, a character not seen in the other two sub-families ; equally peculiar to this sub-family is the short, coriaceous clypeus seen between the front and labrum in certain tribes. It is here too that the first instances occur of genera with entire mandiijles. The tarsi are pubescent beneath, sometimes silky, very rarely spinous or setose. A large number of the species are found under bark ; the first four tribes are, however, found on the ground. Our tribes may bo separated as follows : — Elytra embraciug widely the ilaukn of tho abdomen. I. Blaptim. Elytra uot embracing widely tho Hanks of tho abdomen ; Front entirely corneous, articulating directly with tho labrum ; clypeus not visible ; Middle and liind legs not fossorial ; Front broadly dilated at the sides, emarginate anteriorly ; Anterior tarsi of male dilated. II. PEnixisi. Anterior tarsi of male not dilated. III. Opatuini. Front moderately dilated at the sides, not emarginate anteriorly ; Anterior coxse rounded ; trochantiu of middle coxip distinct ; Tarsi spinous or setose beneath. IV. Scaukiki. Tarsi pubescent ; I'enultiiuate joint of tarsi entire. V. TENEnRioNiNi. Penultimate joint of tarsi lobed. VI. Heteuotarsini. Anterior coxae subtransverse, trochantin of middle coxa3 obsolete. VII. Ulomini. Legs all fossorial. VIII. Tkachyscelini. Front partly coriaceous, or separated from the labrum by a short coria- ceous clypeus ; Tarsi spinous or setose beneath ; Anterior tibize dilated. IX. Pualeriini. Anterior tibise not dilated. X. Ckypticini. Tarsi pubescent ; anterior coxae subtransverse, GenoB sulcate for the base of the antennoe. XI. Boletophagini. GeniB not sulcate. XII. Diaferim. Tarsi pubescent, anterior coxsb rounded ; Antennal ridges on the same plane as the front ; (clypeus distinct) ; Middle coxaj without trochantin. XIII. Adelinini. Middle coxco with distinct trochantin. XIV. Uelopiki. -r:^ TENEBniONIDAB. 223 Antennal ridgea obliquely elevated ; (anterior part of front oorlu- ueou!*, but not separate as a olypeus) ; MetiiHternum Hliort. XV. Mgracanthini. MetaMteruuui lung. XVI. U'ruu^UY^Il^l. It will 1)0 observed by the general student that the abovo-nieii- 'tioned tribes, with various foreign ones not represented in our faniuv, fall into three natural divisions : 1. Blaptoides, having the flanks of the abdomen widely embraced by the elytra, and the clypens absent ; important foreign trilios of this division are typi- fied by Pimelia and Scotol)ius. 2. TENEniiiniDEs, having tlie in- flexed portion of the elytra narrow, and the clypeus absent, con- taining in our fauna tribes II — VIII. 3. Helopoides, having the inflcxed portion of the elytra narrow, and a distinct, coriaceous clypeus between the front (or epistoma) and the labrum ; this division includes the remaining tribes. -r if Tribe I.-BLAPTI!¥I. Body oblong, rarely oval, apterous ; head prominent, slightly narrowed behind the eyes ; epistoma covering the base of the mandibles at the sides ; labrum prominent ; mentum small, in- serted upon a gular peduncle ; maxilhc exposed ; ligula jiartly concealed ; maxillary palpi with the last joint securiform, not very large ; eyes transverse, reniform, tolerably finely granulated ; antenna; 11-jointcd, with the outer joints rounded, ctpial ; elytra embracing widely the flanks of the abdomen, epipleura) narrow ; middle coxie with large trochantin, side pieces attaining the coxal cavities ; metasternum very short, episterna narrow, epimera quite distinct ; hind coxa; widely separated ; intercoxal process of ab- domen rectangular ; third and fourth ventral segments not pro- longed behind at the margin. Legs long ; anterior femora fre- quently toothed ; tibial spurs distinct ; tarsi channelled and setose beneath. In all of the genera found in our territory the mentum is tri- lobed, the middle lobe projecting over the ligula, and the lateral ones frequently bent inwards, so as to become scarcely visible. Another character common to all our genera is that only the joints 9 — 11 of the antennsB are rounded. Our genera are but three, each representing a separate group. Flank3 of elytra not acutely margined ; Elkodes. Flanks of elytra acutely margined ; 15 ■■•-■n:i 4 22C f'dliEOl'TERA OP NOnril AMKTVIOA. Anterior tnrHi of rnftle not dilated ; humeri of elytra not enilirncinp the thorax. Kmiiaphion. AiUorior tarsi of male with Joints 1 — 2 slightly dilated, Hpongy boneatli ; humeri of elytra emlirauiiig the base of thorax. I'uomus. The Species of Eleodes are very numerous, and arc found from the longitmlo of IMatte River to the I'ucilic. Enibaphion con- tains four species, found in TcxaH, Kansas, and Arizona. E. muricalum and loncavum are of an elliptical form, with widely reflexed margin ; E. contiuuni has the thorax distant from the elytra, its margins are still widely reflexed ; in E. deprcsszim {Eleodes dept'essa Lee.) the thorax is also distant from the elytra, but the margin is narrow and not reflexed, thus establishing a i)assage to Eleodes. The type and oidy species of Pronius is Jilaps opaca Say, a very abundant insect on the plains east of the Kooky Mountains. Tribe II.— PEDINIIVI. Body oval, not very convex ; epistoma emarginatc, covering the base of the mandibles ; labrum prominent ; mentum frequently trilobcd in front, small or moderate in size ; gular peduncle distinct; ligula prominent, entire or slightly sinuate in front; eyes transverse, sometimes divided ; elytra embracing feebly the flanks of the abdomen ; cpipleursc narrow ; anterior coxtc sub- transverse ; middle coxje with distinct trochantin, side pieces of mesothorax extending to the coxal cavities ; raetasternum very short, epimera distinct ; hind coxa? distant ; intercoxal proces.s of abdomen truncate ; tibial spurs small, distinct ; anterior, and sometimes the middle tarsi of the male dilated, and spongy be- neath ; hind tarsi sometimes pubescent, sometimes spinous. Two groups occur in our fauna : — Eyes not divided. Platynoti. Eyes completely divided. Blapstini. Group I.— Platj^notl. This group, distinguished by the epistoma being cniarginato, and the eyes not entirely divided, is represented in our fau- only a few species of Opatrinus from the Atlantic district, trinus is distinguished from foreign genera of the same gr(ti., ny the thorax being sinuate at base, and by the inflexed portion (if the elytra being formed entirely of the epipleurse ; the mentum is trilobed in front, and the anterior tibiae are not dilated. T£NEDR10NIDAE. m T' " k *'' 1.1 '!' -'1-' 1 m I Uroup II.— Blapatinl. In this group the eyes are completely divided • the cpistoma is oraarginato, and the intiexod part ol" the elytra is coiii|»u.sed entirely of the epipleurtfi ; the iiicntum is not trilobed in front. In Nuti- bius and C'onibius the dilatation of the anterior lar.si of the luulo is very feeble, hut in the genus last iianied the anterior tibiae of that sex are bent and armed with u tooth, on the inner face, near tho base. f lutercoxal procoss of alxlomen short, triangular ; Superior portion of eyes largt*, rouiKloJ. BLArsxiNTB. Superior portion of eyea Hinall, linear. Comhu's. Intercoxal process of abdomen l)roa(l, rectangular; Superior portion of eyes small, rounded. NoTiBirs. Blapstinus contains many species, and is found in every part of our territory ; Conibius and Notibius occur only in California. Tribe III.— OPATRIIVI. Body oval, not convex ; head received by the thorax as far as the eyes, which are transverse, strongly emarginate, and coarsely granulated ; cpistoma emarginate, covering the base of the man- dibles ; labruni prominent ; mentum small, inserted upon a dis- tinct gular peduncle ; ligula prominent, not deeply emarginate ; maxillae exposed ; elytra with not very wide cpii)leuiu', occupying the whole of the inflexed portion. Anterior coxai subtrunsverse or rounded ; middle coxaj with distinct trochantin, side pieces attaining the cavities; hind coxtc distant; intercoxal process truncate or acute ; legs moderately stout, front tibia) dilated in our genera ; tibial spurs small ; tarsi setose beneath. Metasternum with narrow episterna and distinct ci)iniera. Iliud margin of third and fourth ventral segments subcoriaceous. The above definition applies not to the whole tribe, but rather to our genera, which are but two in number, each represented by a single species from the Northern Atlantic States, found near the sea-shore. Both belong to the group Stizopodes, which is distinguished by the last joint of the palpi being securiform ; the anterior tibiaj dilated ; the epipleuroe not reaching the tip of the elytra. Ammodonus fossor Muls. {Opatrum f. Lee.) has the ■wings well developed ; Ephalus latimanus {Heliopates I. Lee.) to apterous ; in the latter the autcnnie are very short. • ■m 228 COI-EOrXERA OF NORTH AMKKICA. I Anterior tibiae slightly dilated, with the outer angle very much prolonged; intercoxal process of abdomen acute. Ammodonus. Anterior tibiie very broad, triangular, outer angle slightly prolonged; inter- coxal process truncate. Kfualus. Tribe IV.-SCAURIIVI. Body elongate, apterous ; head prolonged behind the eyes, which are small, transverse, reniform, and coarsely granulated ; front dilated at the sides and anteriorly ; hbrum covered ; nien- tuni small, with small inflexed lateral lobes; ligiila prominent; gular peduncle distinct ; palpi with the last joint dilated, trian- gular; antenna) 11-jointed, outer joints broader, rounded, sub- transverse. Elytra uot embracing widely the lltinks of the ab- domen ; epipleura; narrow, reaching the tip of the elytra ; meso- sternura very short, side pieces narrow ; ei)imera distinct. Hind margin of third and fourth ventral segments subcoriaccous ; third and fourth ventral sutures deeply impressed, the corresponding segments scarcely emarginate in Eulabis and Apsena, deeply emarginate in Cerenopus. Anterior coxa; rounded ; middle coxte with distinct trochantin ; hind coxa) oval, very widely sepa- rated ; legs iioderate and simple (Eulabis), or long, variously toothed (Cerenopus) ; tibial spurs distinct or large ; tarsi spinous beneath. Scutellum broad, uot penetrating oetweeu the elytra. But three genera represent this tribe in our fauna ; they difl'cr from all the neighboring tribes of the present sub-family by the tarsi bei:;g clothed beneath with spines in.jtead of hair. The genera may be distinguished as follows ; — Head short, legs simple ; Mentum with a sudden elevation at the middle (body glabrous). KutABIS!. Mentum nearly flat ; body slightly pubescent. .Ap^k.na. Head long ; legs of % toothed ; mentum nearly flat. Cekenopus. The last genus inhabits Arizona, Texas, and the Colorado Desert ; in the males the anterior tibia) are serrate internally, and the hind femora are armed with several small teeth. The other two genera are found in California ; Epantius Lee. does not appear to be sufficiently distinct from Eulabis, but, on the other hand, Eulabis pufjcscens 1,0'.\, the type of Apsena, while liaving the form and sculpture of one of the species of Eulal)is (E. rv- Jipes), has the mentum as in Cerenopus, that is, nearly flat, with two impressions, separated by a faint medial elevatiou. r TENEBRIOXTPAE. 229 Tribe V.— TE]VEBRIO]Vmi. 13otly moderately elongated, apterous, or winged ;. head pro- longed, but scarcely narrowed behind, not received in the thorax as far as the eyes, wiiich are transverse and eiuarginate, mode- rately finely granulated ; front dilated on the sides, covering the base of the mandibles ; epistoma truncate or slightly emarginate, not separated from the labrum by aelypeus ; anteunaj 11-jointed, gradually thickened externally ; mentum small, partly concealing the ligula, inserted upon a gular peduncle ; elytra embracing feebly the flanks of the abdomen ; cpipleune narrow. Anterior coxa; globose ; middle coxa? with distinct trochantin ; legs long ; tibial spurs small ; tarsi clothed beneath with silky, golden pu- bescence, or with ordinary coarse pubescence. Hind margin of third and fourth ventral segments subcoriaceous. This tribe embraces the Cceloraetopidcs of Lacordaire, with a portion of his Tenebrionides ; the vestiture of the tarsi appears to me to l>e of more structural importance than the length of the metasternum, by which merely apterous and winged species are '. Group I.— Polyplenrl. The genus Poiypleurus, consisting of three species, found under stones in the Atlantic States, is alone contained in this group. The hind coxa; are widely distant, the legs slender; the tarsi are silky i)ubescent beneath ; the metasternum is very short, and the cpipleune extend to the extreme tip of the elytra, and are nut narrower there than at the middle. Tlie ))ody is elongate ovate in form, the thorax and elytra closely fitting togetlier, the latter with rows of distant fovea;, the alternate spaces being slightly raised. The labrum and ligula are less prominent than in the other genera uf the tribe ; the mentum is subtrilobed, the middle lobe wide, the lateral ones snmll and inflexed. ■■:s ■It rm ■'-^!| ■ f / 'i^ 1 I 1 1 * ■ ; 230 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. The two species found in the Middle and Southern States are dull, opa(iuo black. The genus has been recently increased by a larger (-fiS inch) shining black species from Florida, P. nitidus Lee, in which the large punctures of the elytra are arranged in regular rows, and the intervals are not elevated. It also differs from the other two species by the outer joints of the antennse not being transverse, and by the labrum being more prominent ; the latter is possibly an accidental character, as I have observed in Cibdelis, Euryraetopon, and other genera of various tribes, that the labrum is capable of protrusion and retraction to a limited degree. Group II. — Upes. In this group the hind coxa3 vary in position ; the mctasternum in the apterous species is very short, but iii the winged ones long ; the epiplcura3 do not reach the tip of the elytra in most of the genera, and in others they are gradually narrowed, barely reaching the tii>. These species are found under bark of dead trees. Our genera are as follows : — Epipleurfe not attaining the tip of the elytra; Tibiae grooved on the inner face; (metasternnm short). C(Elocnemis. Tibiio not grooved on the inner face ; Mentum flat, rounded in front ; (metasternnm short). Cibdelis. Mentixm generally convex, suhtrilobatc or broadly emarginate ; Cinla sulcata transversely; (lueta.steruum short). ScotoBz-ekus. Gula not snlcate ; Margin of front reflexed. Cektronopcs. Margin of front not reflexed ; (metasternum long) ; Thighs very thick, clavate ; Mentum prominent at the middle. Meri.vcs. Mentum broadly emarginate. Pachyukous. Thighs slender, or slightly thickened ; Mentum flat, broadly emarginate in front ; hind tarsi long. XVLOPINUS. Mentum slightly convex, almost truncate in front ; hind tarsi short. Haplandeus. Mentum prominent at the middle, strongly trilobed ; hind tarsi long. Uris. Epipleura3 reaching the tip of the elytra ; metasteraum long ; hind tarsi short ; Head with a deep postocnlar furrow ; Mentum prominent at the middle. Glyptotits. Head not grooved behind the eyes ; Mentum flat, lateral lobes sn\all, inflexed. Nvi-tobatps. Mentum flat, lateral lobes wanting. Iputuijils. ^ TENEBRIONIDAE. 231 Of these genera Coelocnemis, Cibdelis, ami ScotoUifims are Cali- foniian; Centronopus contains two species, C. opacuti Lee, with- out wings, found near the Rocky Mountains ; C. calcaratuti Lee. {Tenebrio calc. Fabr.), winged, from the Atlantic States. The type and only species of Meriuus is 'Tenebrio lavin Oliv., a large insect of a dull black color; that of Pachyurgus is Iphthinus itreun Mels. ; to Xylopinus belong Tenebrio anthruvinus Knoeh, and rufipes Say, all from the Atlantic States. To Upis belongs U. ceramboides Fal)r. (retivulatus Say), which is found throughout the northern portion of the continent ; Ilajtlandrus comprises Trofjosita femorata Fabr. (Upis fulvijjes Ilerbst.), and two other species. Singular sexual characters arc observed in the anterior and middle tibisB of Centronopus, in the anterior tibiai of Xylopinus, and in the anterior and hind ti))ia3 of Merinus ; in the last named the hind femora are also armed with a small tooth. No very marked sexual differences are seen in L^pis, Ilaplandrus, Scoto- bajnus, or Cibdelis, nor in the genera with entire epipleurai. In Coelocnemis the hind tibia) of the male are furnished with a dense brush of hair on the inner face near the tip. Group III.-TEIVEBRIO]¥E$. In this group the body is elongate oval, or elongate, and winged ; the hind coxa) are moderately distant, the legs are slender, and the tibial spurs are more conspicuous than in the otlier two groups, tlie tarsi arc clothed beneath with a rigid pu- bescence ; the epipleura) are variable in length. The meutum is flat and trapezoidal. Our genera are : — Epipleurae extending to the tip of tlie elytra. Tenebrio. Epipleune not reaching the tip of the elytra. Bius. Some of the species arc found under ))ark, and others in articles of commerce. To Bius must be referred Tenebrio eatriatus Lee., from California and Hudson's Bay Territory. Tribe VI.— IlETEROTAnSllVI. This tribe contains a few winged species of small size, and ovate form ; they are remarkable for tlie coarseness of the punctures, and are sparsely clothed with erect hair. fli ^:i 232 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. The bead is not received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are hxrge and coarsely granulated ; the front is slightly dilated over the base of the mandibles ; the labrura articulates with the epistoma without any iuterveuing clypeus ; the antenna.' 11-jointed, slightly thickeued externally ; the nientum is small ; the epiplcuraj are narrow and extend to the tip of the elytra. The anterior coxte are globose, the middle ones have a distinct trochantin, the hind coxie are slightly separated, and the intercoxal process of the abdomen is triangular ; the legs are moderate ; tibial spurs small; tarsi clothed beneath with long pubescence, the penulti- mate joint somewhat lobed. The hind margin of the third and fourth ventral segments is subcoriaceous. Our genera are two : — AntHitnse gradually and slightly thickened externally. AN;Enrs. Auteuuce with the joiuts 9 — 11 suddeuly larger. Paratexetus. Two species of Ana;dus are known in our fauna ; one from the Atlantic States, the other frum the Gila valley. Paratenetus occurs in the Atlantic States ; it was placed by Spinola in Cle- ridte, and is omitted by Lacordaire ; Erichson referred it to the present family. Tribe VII.— IJLO.mXI. Body oval or elongate, winged ; head slightly but suddenly narrowed behind, received in the thorax up to the eyes, which (in our genera) are transverse, emarginate, and coarsely granulated ; the front is dilated so as to cover the base of the mandil)les, and in part the mouth ; the labrum is but slightly prominent ; the mentum is small and trapezoidal, not concealing the ligula ; gular peduncle distinct; anteinuv! ll-jointed, more or less thickened externally, perfoliate. Elytra with narrow epiplcuraj. Anterior coxie subtransverse ; middle coxte inclosed by the sterna, without trochantin ; hind coxfB slightly separated ; intercoxal process of the abdomen triangular; legs moderate; tibiie sometimes dilated ; til)ial spurs distinct ; tarsi pubescent beneath, the last joint much elongated. The hind margin -^ the third and fourth ventral segments is subcoriaceous. The species are found under bark ; a few also infest articles of commerce. i •■il f ?! 288 Tbibolicm. GnAI'UOCERUB. Cyn^kus. TuAHSUS, Uloma. Alpuitobius. Ulosonia. Neatl's. Al'ilANOTUS. TENERIIIONIDAE. Our genera may be distinguislied as follows :- Anti'iiiKe with the last thii-e joints sudilenly larger. AnteiiiiJi! with the outer joints griulually larger ; Epipleune not reaching the tip of the elytra ; Front tibi;e slender ; Outer joints of antennse trapezoidal. Outer joints of antennse transverse, rounded ; First joint of hind tarsi long. First joint of hind tarsi short. Front tiliiie dilated, serrate. Epipleune extending to tiie tip of the elytra; Front tiliiiu dilated, finely denticulate. Front tibiiu slender ; Mentnni trapezoidal. Mentum with small, lateral, inflexed lobes. Front tibiie dilated, not denticulate. Triboliura ami Gnathocorus arc represented by species carried by commerce over tlie whole globe. The type of Cynieus is Fla- tydcma amjuxtum Lee, from the Colorado Desert of California ; it resembles in appearance and sculpture Alphitobim, but is much less convex, being, in fact, almost flat. Tharsus is founded on a sub-depressed, elongate species of dark ferruginous color (■20 unc. long) ; the thorax is almost as lung as wide, strongly punctured, with the sides narrowly but strongly margined ; tlio slrice of the elytra are distinctly punctured, the intervals are slightly convex, and finely but not densely punctulate : it is found in the Southern States, and I have named it T. f ::. i 234 COLEOPTERA OF NOIITII AMERICA. Tribe VIII.— TRACIIYSCELIXI. Body ovate, convex, winged ; head received in the thorax as far as the eyes ; front truncate, not dilated at the sides ; luhruni i)ronii- ueut ; eyes cmarginate, coarsely granulated ; antennaj short, thick, 11-jointed; mentuni small, inserted upon a gular peduncle; ligula prominent ; maxilke exposed ; pali)i not dilated ; gular sutures confluent along the medial line ; elytra with narrow epii)leurie. Anterior coxaj transvei'se ; middle coxie with distinct trochantin ; hind coxa; approximate ; intercoxal process of abdomen acute ; logs stout, fossorial ; tibial spurs distinct ; tarsi short, spinous beneath. 2'nichijscelis Jiavipes Mels., found on the sea-shore of the Southern States, represents this tribe in our fauna. It resembles in appearance a small vEgialia. The margin of the body and the prosternum are clothed with long hairs ; the hind tibiaj are broad and thick, and densely covered externally with short spines, arranged without order. Tribe IX.— PHALERIIIVI. Body oval or rounded, usually winged ; head received in the thorax as far as the eyes; front somewhat dilated at the sides, covering the base of the mandibles ; cpistoma truncate, separated from the prominent lal)rum by a short, coriaceous clypeus ; eyes transverse, scarcely enmrginate, coarsely granulated ; antenna) slightly thickened externally ; mentum small, inserted upon a gular peduncle ; ligula and maxilhe exposed ; palpi not dilated ; gular sutures diverging ; elytra with narrow epipleune. Anterior coxa3 transverse ; middle coxu) with distinct trochantin ; hind coxa3 not widely separated ; intercoxal process triangular, sub- truncate ; legs stout; anterior tibiie dilated; tibial spurs distinct; tarsi setose beneath. The species of Phaleria are found on the sea-shore on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. ! Tribe X.-CRYPTICIXI. Body oval, winged ; head received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are transverse, reniform, small, and moderately granu- lated ; front moderately dilated at the sides, over the base of the mandibles, truncate anteriorly, with a very short coriaceous cly- TEXEHniONIDAE. :.>;j pens visible ; anlcnnte tolerably long, sleiuler, outer joints romidid, very slightly tliielver ; iiieiitum small ; gular })eiluiiclc disliiic t ; ligula prominent ; palpi with the last joint slightly dilated. Elyin'- with moderate epipleiiriu occupying the whole of the inllexed portion. Prosternum prolonged Ijehind ; mesosternuni concave ; metastcrnum moderately long, with narrow side jiieces. Anterior coxic almost rounded ; middle coxa; with distinct trochantin, the epiniera exceedingly short ; hind coxie not widely separated ; tibia; not dilated ; spurs di.stinct; tarsi with small spines beneath; first joint of hind tarsi very long. This tribe is represented in our fauna by Cryptivuti ohsulctua Say, found in the Atlantic district. This and allied foreign genera arc i)laccd by Lacordaire as a group of Coniontini, with the remark that it should constitute niuro properly a distinct tribe. It dillers very much from Coniontini. as will be seen by the characters given above, and still more by the hind margin of the third and fourth ventral segments, being very distinctly coriaceous. m ■■! 1 '' I, '■ i| ■4 I V..i,-i i Tribe XL— BOLETOPnAGIIVI. In this tribe the body is oblong and winged, opaqno, with the surface rough, or at least with the elytra costatc ; head received in the thorax as far as the eyes ; front variable ; epistoma sepa- rated from the labrum J)y a short clypeus ; eyes coarsely granu- lated ; nientum inserted upon a gular peduncle ; ligula promi- nent; palpi not much dilated; head under the eyes with a large groove for the reception of the base of the antennie ; elytra wiih narrow epipleurai. Anterior coxte transverse; middle coxic with a small distinct trochantin; hind coxtc separated; intercoxiil process triangular; legs moderate; tiljial spurs snuill, tarsi jiu- besccnt beneath ; the first joints very short, equal ; the last joint longer than the others united. . I would divide the tribe into two groups according to the form of the ei>istoma and eyes. Eyes deeply emarginated ; cpistoma much dilated. Boi.ktopiiadi. Eyes entire ; epistoma not dilated. UmriDAsuiii, Group I.— Boletophagl. In this group the front is prolonged and margined anteriorly and at the sides, covering the mouth above, and causing the eyes t' ■J*f t^K I 230 COLEOPTERA OF NOHTII AMEUICA. tu bo (looitly oiimrginati'd or cvon divided ; the antenna? arc gradually tiiiekeiied externally, nut dilVering aoeording to sex. The speeies live on fungi, wliieli grow upon trees or under tlieir bark. Our genera arc two, both having the sides of the thorax broadly flattened. Aiitfiiiiio Iti-joiiited ; eyes not entirely divided. PiiF.i.i.inirs. Anteiiiiie 11-joiiiteil ; eyes completely divided. lioi.Kriii'iiAuiis. No species of this group is yet known from the Paeific district. The type and oidy species of IMiellidius is JlulctojihcKjus curnufun Kabr.; the genus is indicated but not named by Lacordaire, (Jien. Cul. V, 295. Of Boletophagus two species arc known in our fauim. Group II.— Rhipldandrl. Of this group bnt a single sju'cics is known to mo, lihipidnn- (JruaJhihcUicornix Leo. {X)ile(iuux JUibcllivornix Stiirni), a small, oval, opa(|no black insect, with finely ribbed elytra and yellow legs and antenna; ; it is found throughout the Middle and Western States. The front is not dilated cither in front or at the sides, and the base of the mandibles is exposed ; the eyes are rounded, scarcely cmarginate. The antenniu are 11-jointed ; gradually thickened externally in the female with the middle ])ortion sub-serrate ; strongly pectinate iu the male, the joints 5-11 being much pro- longed anteriorly, the 5th, however, being less prolonged than the others. Tribe XII.— DIAPERIXI. Body oval or rounded, winged ; head received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are transverse and coarsely granulated ; front somewhat dilated at the sides, covering the base of the man- tlibles ; epistoma truncate, separated from the labrum by a short coriaceous clypeus ; antenna; more or less thickened externally, perfoliate ; mentum small ; gular peduncle distinct ; elytra with narrow epipleurte. Anterior coxa; transverse ; middle coxa3 with distinct trochautin ; legs slender ; tibial spurs small ; tarsi pubes- cent beneath. Two groups are thus distinguished : — Eyes entire. Pestapiiyij.i. Eyes emarginr.ted by the sides of the front. Diapeues. TENKimiONIKAE, 23T I>lAPi;i,'ts. lIoi'LOCKl'liALA. ri.ATVDKMA. S(AI'lllli|:.MA. Group. I.— PentaphylU. Eyes entire, not eniurginated l)y tlie si.les of tlie front; nn- lennii! with tiie last live joints abruptly iar^a>r llmu tlio pirrn'linj.-, forniinjjf a loose cloiipato clul). One .s|)eeies of Pentapl.yllus from Pennsylvania is known to me. The genus is distinguislied by the eyes being roun.le.l, not Irausvci'so. Group ri.— DlapereB. The transverse eyes are deeply ennirginuted by the sides of the front, and the antenuie, however iniieh tiiiekcntMl exlerna.'iy, are not terminated by a elui) composed of ai)rnpllv larg.T joints. Tiie species are numerous and live in fungi, either those of ex- ternal growtii, or those developed under bark. 1st joint of hind tarsi erinal to flu; 2(1. 1st joint of hind tarsi equal to 2d ami 3d. 1st joint of liiiiil tarsi longer than 2d and lid; Interooxal process of ahdonuMi acuto. Intercoxal process of abdomen broad. These genera arc all represented in tlie Atlantic States : IMa- tydenia is the only one thus far kn<.wn in the I'aeilic district. SvapJiidcma Redt. has for a synonym Nelilv>i Lee. Tribe XIII.— ADELIIVI.M. Body of varied form; head received in the thorax as fur as the eyes, which are coarsely granulated, transverse, and eniarui- nate, except in DiaMlus ; front dilated at the sides over tlie base of the mandii)les, separated from the labrum by a sul)-eoriaeeous clypeus; antenme thickened externally; mentum small, trape- zoidal; ligula prominent. Elytra with narrow epipleural. An- terior coxa) nearly rounded ; middle coxie without tn.chantin, inclosed by the sterna ; hind coxixj slightly separated ; intercoxal process triangular; legs moderate; tibial spurs distinct; tar.i pubescent beneath; the first joint short in llypophhjuus and Dicedus, elongated in the other genera. I have placed in this new tril)e a few genera which cannot be associated witli Ulomiiu on account of the distinct clvpeus, nor with Diaperini or Ilelopini, becau.se of the absence of the trochantin of the middle coxiu. The form of body is very different in tin; dif- ferent genera ; thus, Adelina is very flat, ahuJst like LuMnophleeus % AM 'If m ■f:!! 'i. I':. '•I'd ■ m M ,v| 238 COtEOPTEUA OP NOIITII AMEHICA. of tlic Cucujidit'; IlypopliliciiH is sk'ndor and cyliiKlrical ; Eiito- rliia {Aninra\\ I>oj.) rcseinbles in iippt'iiniiire Uiuiiui, lliuujrli stouter and nuire convex, and has, on the under surfaee ol' tlie j»rotliorax, the peculiar rugous sculpture seen in llelojjs. I'ygidium not covered by the elytra; antenna- thick, perfoliiite, fpiipleuriv not extending to the tip of the elytra. llvi'oi'unui'iil. Pypidiuni covered Ijy the elytra ; antenna* slender ; Outer joiiitH of antenniu gradually larger; Tiliial spurs ohsolete ; epipleurai entire. Pratecs. Tibial spurs distinct ; Kpiideura' not extending to the tip of the elytra. Apelixa. Kpipleur.T entire, KrrociiiA. Last two joints of antonnio suddenly larger ; epipleurro entire. Dukdus. Adelina is represented by one species, A. palliila Ticc. {Pytho pallida Say), from the Atlantic district, and another, ^1. jtlana Lee, from the Colorado Desert. The latter species is remark- able for the sides of the front of the male being dilated into an ufuite angle, under which is seen a short acute horizontal horn. The other genera are represented only in the Atlantic States. In Ealovhia jticca Lee. {Aniara j)ic(U Meis.), the anterior tarsi of the male are dilated, and the anterior tiljiie are curved inwards. The type of Pratcns is a small brownish insect, P. fuscuhn^ Lcc, of elongate form {\'i unc. long), coarsely but not densely punctured ; the thorax is not wider than long, somewhat rounded, and finely nuirgincd on the sides, moderately convex, not nar- rower at tip than at base ; the elytra are two and a-lialf times longer than the thorax, and without stria; ; the epiplcuru! extend to the tip of the elytra. It is found in the ^Middle and Southern States. The only species of Dioedus known to lue is a small (•1()-*13 unc. long) oblong, reddish-brown, shining insect, with strongly punctured thorax, and deep punctured elytral stria;, found in the Atlantic States under pine bark. It resenildes the European genus Phthora ; but has oidy the last two instead of three joints of the antenna; large ; the anterior tibia; are slightly dilated and finely toothed. I have named the species Diaadtis punctatus; it resembles in appearance a miniature Uloma. Tribe XIV.— IIELOPIXI. Body generally oblong, sometimes oval, apterous or winged ; bead received in the thorax nearly as far as the eves, which ar;; wr TENEniUOMDAE. 2:J0 H transvprso, omnrgiimto, nnd coftrsoly prnimlatcd ; front diliitod nl tliu Hides, covering llio base ol' the numdiljles, truncate ante- riorly, separated from tlio prominent laltruni )iy u short coria- ceuus clypeua; anteniiu) gradually thiekencil extcrinilly ; ineiituiu snuill, trapezoidal, anterior portion coriaceous; ligula prominent. Flanks of jjrothorax separated by a nmrgin from iho back. Klylra with narrow or moderate c|tipienra'. Anterior c<».\ai rounded; miildlo coxio with distinct trochantin ; hind co.xa^ sometimes widely, sometimes narrowly separated ; legs tolerably long; tibial spurs smaller in the second than in the lirst group ; tarsi jiubescent beneath ; the anterior and niiildic ones of the male usually dilated. I have removed from this tribe, us constituted by Lacordaire, the genus Apocrypha, which by the agglutination of the dorsal and lateral pieces of the j)rothora.\, stems well entitled to be considered as a distiin.'t tribe. The remaining genera are homo- geneous in form and characters, and are divisible into two groups, the first of which is allied to the lilaptini, but differ not only liy the more i»rominent ligula, but by the small coriaceous clypeus, and narrow iidlexed portion of the elytra; the difference in the vesliture of tlie tarsi is of less moment, as in some spe!ciihi))ft Lee. ; in it tiie anterior tarsi of the male are not dilated, but the hind tibiu3 are armed with an i 210 COLEOI'TERA OP NOllTII AMKIUrA. iiouto tnolli Oil tho iiiiiur fiicu near tlio ti[). Of Ainphidonv two KpoL'U's lire known to uio : A. in'ijnijiiliiHfi Lcc, nnd A. Ulturulix Esch. The typo of Stenotrii'lius is .1. .'' mjiiir,^ Lit., and to tlio KUino genns probably may bo roforri'il J. atlviiuata Lee. These species arc all fonnd on tiiu surface of the gi'ound, but A. lithrulis frc'ciuuutly occurs also under burk. Oroui) H-— Helopes. Body convex, oblong or elonj;iite, rarely oval, nplcrons, or winj^ed ; ni)per surface glabrous ; niesosternuni short, or nioderato in length ; hind coxa) narrowly separated ; intercoxal process triangidar, ol)tnsc at tip ; outer joints of the antoniuv sublriangular, compressed. Front and midillo tarsi of the male dilated ; j)ubes- conce of the under surface of tho tarsi line. The epiplouru) are narrow, and do not extend to the tip of the elytra. Our species are numerous, nnd some are found in each district. They are generally of u dark, nielallic color, with much lustre ; all are to be referred to tho genus llelops, and in several of them the Hanks of the prothorux are sculptured with deep lines. Tribe XV.— IWEHACAXTIIIXI. Body ovate, convex, ai)terous; head received in the tliorax nearly to the eyes, which are transverse, large, enuvrginate, and somewhat coarsely granulated ; mouth ^oniewhat (luadranguhirly prolonged ; front separated from the labrum by a coriaceous clypcHH ; sides dilated over the insertion of the antennie, and obliquely elevated, elevation not extending to the anterior margin of the front (as it does in all the preceding tribes) ; mentuni tra- pezoidal; ligida prominent; last joint of palpi strongly securi- form; antcniue long and slender, outer joints very slightly thicker; epipleurie narrow, not extending to the tip of the elytra ; meta- stcrnum short ; anterior coxaj rounded; nuddle coxse with dis- tinct trochautin ; hind coxii; widely separated ; anterior thighs armed with an obtuse tooth, less prominent in the female ; tibial spurs small ; tarsi pubescent beneath. This and the next tribe ditl'er from all the others represented in our fauna by a peculiarity first pointed out by Lacorihiiro, and which led him to name the division of tho family, to which they api)ertain, Otidofjcnes. In all the tribes above described the sides of the front, above the insertion of the anteunio, are horizontal, AEllIAMTIPAE. i» 1 1 and tlio lateral niarf,'ln cxtciids to tlio uiitorior nmrfriii ; in this and the next triltc tlii' lateral inar^nn js < ridgf, wliicli IjL'coinen obsuli'lc bel'ore attaining llie anterior margin of tlio front. The present tril)o hns hut one representative in the Atlantic district, Mrritianlha conli'diln, found under hark; it has received niunj' names, hut the oldest is that of J/ilopH confradiin IJeauv. Tiilm XVI.-fiiTllO\4;YMI\l. « Uody elongate, winged ; liciid not receiveil in the thornx ns far as the eyes, which arc large, transverse, emarginate, ami somewhat coarsely granulated ; mouth broadly hut slightly i)rolonged ; front tieparateil from the hdirum hy a eoriaeeijus clypeus; sides dilated over the insertion of the antenme, and ol)li»iuely elevated, eleva- tion not extending to the anterior margin of the front; meiitum trapezoidal ; ligula prominent ; last joint of palpi strongly secu- riform ; antennte long and slender, outer joints very slightly thicker. Kpi])leune imrrow, extending to the tip of the elytra ; uietasternum long; anterior eoxic rounded; middle coxie with distinct trochantin ; hind coxas narrowly separated ; legs long ; tibial spurs very small ; tarsi i)ul)escent beneath. ]5ut one genus, Strongylium, is rei)reseiited by three species found under bark in the Atlantic district; two of them dill'cr- ing somewhat in the form of the thorax are described by Say; 8. tenuirolle Lac. {llt'h)j)ii ten. Say) has the thorax subcylindrical, and as long as wide; »S'. liTDiiixilimi Lac. ('Ti-nchrio Icrniinalus Say) has the thorax somewhat luirrowed iu front, and wider at the base than its length. Iu both species the last joint of the autcnnie is pale yellow. |'| Fam. xlviil— aegialitidae. ■f if ''4. li', m Mcntum very transverse, trapezoidal, narrower in frojit. supported on a very short and broad fi'ular process; iJLiula |if" broad, prominent; hibial palpi widely soi)anited, sliort, 8-jointe(l. Maxilla) (lobes not seen), base prominent; palpi short, |i!' 4-jointc(l, scarcely dilated. U Head prominent, not constricted behind, received into the tboru.K not as far as the eyes, which arc small, convex, rounded, IG 242 COLEOPTKRA OF NORTH AMERICA. ami coarsoly pranulMtcd ; cIjihuis sliort, distinct; labrum ])roiuiiicut; muudiblcs t^liurt [not. distinctly soon). Antenmo as long as the head and thorax, 11 -jointed, last tlircc joints one-hall' larger than the ))rcceding ones, inserted nnder very small oblique irontal ridiL:;es. Prothorax snbcylindrical, latend suture obliterated; euxal eavitics entirely closed behind, and widely separateib Mesosternurn nioderately long; coxal cavities (apparently) siirroundeil by the sterna, side })ieces not seen. Metasternnui very short, side pieces not very wide. Elytra separate, broadly rounded at tip covering the ab- domen; epiplein';e extremely narrow, wings wanting, Abdonien with six ventral segments; tin; lirst and second connate, the fifth truncate at tip, and united by suture to the sixth. Legs long: anterior coxai globo,sc, prominent, widely separated, ■without trotdiantin ; middle ones very widely separiited, rounded, without trochantin ; hind oties very widely s(!p;irateil, oval; tibiae slender, with very small spurs; anterior and middle tarsi o-jointed, bind ones 4-jointed ; all the joints short and equul, ])ube.seent beneath, except the last, which is very long and stout, with large, simjile claws. The characters ahovc detailed are al)inuhii;!ly sunicioiit to separate as a distinct iaiiiily the single species, Acgialih's debilis Mann., from Russian America, uj>oii wliich u is founded. The insect is of small size, ami of black color, with the elytra gradually widened from the tiu)ra.\, and impressed with punctured striic, gradually becoming ett'aced towards the sides. Regarding the aniinties of this genus variou.s opinions have been entertained, ^bunierheira hesitateil between S"y(bna'nidi.e and Tencb"ionida! ; Molselndsky, on account of the form of the tarsi, placed it among the J'arnidai ; (Jerstaecker placed it in Tcnebrionida) near Ilelops. It is of such extreme rarity as to have been seen by but few entomologists. For a specimen of it 1 am indebted to Col. Motschulaky. Fak. XLIX— CTSTELfDAE. M'.ntum ?Tnal], trapezoidal, wider in i'ront; ligula exjiosed ; p.-^ .•.aghb.riiu distinct; labial palpi 3-joiuted; gular peduncle aistiuct. If T-^ nSTflT.lPAE. 2-)?. M.'ixilljo with two nat*^<^,T)e(l, ciliatc loLoi': palpi -i-jointed, ircrpuiiitly \ow/^ and much dilated. Head fiiiddeuly but only iiiudcratcly iiaiTuwcd lK;liind the; eyes; ucck tliick, received by tlic jirotliorax; niouili uiude- rately prolonged; eye.s not liiiely granulated, usually large, Irau.iverse, and eniargiiiate ; anterior ])art oi' I'ront suheoria- cestus; elypeu.s not distinct (exce()t in Steiioeliidus, where the front is corneous; and the clypeus souieuhat distinct ); labrum proniinijnt; mandibles vshort. Antenna) 11-joiiited, long, more or less serrate, soim^times nearly lililbrm, inserteil under small oblique I'rontai ridges, which do not reach the anterior inai'giu ol' the Iront, and are usually almo.it ol>soleto. Prcithorax with epiniera and epistcrna not distinct, lateral margin obvi^jus in our genera; anterior coxal cavitii;.s closed behind, somctirn(>s connuent. Mesostcrnuni short, side, jiieces attaining the coxal cavities. Metasternum long in our giMiera; epistcrna narrow. Elytra rounded at tijt ; epi}>leuru; narrow; wir.gs perfect iu our genera. Abdomen witli five or sometimes six ventral segments, of V liicli the lirst three are more closely coimecteil, though not connate; the hind margin of the thinl and Iburth is coria- ceous; intercoxal process acute in our genera. Legs generally long; aiitericM- eoxic varying from globo.se and subtransverse to conical; middle coxa; with distinct trochantin; hind coxa; transver.se, not widely separate'd in our genera : tibial spurs distinct; tarsi usually lobeil beneath, anterior and middle ones o-j^inted, Innd tar.->i-i jointed; claws always distinctly jtectiuate. The species of this family approach very ii'\arly in orgaidzation to the last U'ibos, or laost degraded forms of Tcnchrioiiid;!! ; and the degradation of structure is carried still furtlicr by the anterior c'jxte bucuniiig conical, proniinent, rtiiin poncra. The oidy cliaracters to ho rehed on for the is()iiith)n of this family are — 1st, the peetinale claws; 2d, the anterior coxal cavities closed behind. Some of tiio species live on leaves and flowers, others are found under bark. Two tribes exist in this family, but one of which is I'epn sented in our fauiui ; groups of genera .seem to be indicated, but the characters, when illustrated by foreign genera, appear to be very lyM 144 COliKOPTEUA OF NORTri AMKUTrA. iiuk'rniitc. 1 .sl'iill tlicnToiT {jivo simply a synoptic liiblu of our goiicra without attcMii)liug further dl ision. FroiLl ciitii't'ly coiiicoiis ; Stenociiidcs.* PiMiit with tho anterior margin snlicoriacemis ; Mandililes cmarginatc* at tip; sixth viMitra! segment invisible; Anterior cox.'e si'i)arate(l liy prosteruum ; Tarsi witli distinct lolies. Ai.i.ErtJi,A. Tarsi witli ohsolete lohes ; Last joint of maxillary pal|n longer than wide. Cibtela. I-ast joint of maxillary palpi transverse. Ftiomatoma. Anterior cox;e contiguons, cavities conlhient. MvrKTocuAUKS. Mandibles eniargin-vlo at tip ; sixth ventral segment visible (tarsi not lobed) ; Second and third joints of antennae eijual, very small. Chkomatia. Third joint of antennie IcmKer than tlie second. Capnochkoa. AnDRO< H1UCJ8. Mandibles witli tlie tip entire. To StonochidusbcloiiG: Hlonnchia granlif Loc. and Pr'inrt'/rhvK ri/anr^ceni^ liOC, from California. Tlio species of Allccula and Cistela arc numerous, and tlie majority are nndescribed ; (^istela is found on both sides of the continent. Of Stiji^matoma J liave tiirce species; all are shininsj^ black with red humerul spots. The only one described is Ciffcla fnilcriia Say. Of ISlyceK^eliarcs I have four species, of which Hi binolnta Say is the only one de- scril>ed. Chromatia is founded upon Ciitlcia aviocna Say, a species with stronarate group; the species are of a dark, aubmutaU'c color, and entirely glabrous. Fam. L.— T.AGIIIIDAE. WW i s :' LAonimAE. 245 hind angles of the thoni \' prolonged backwards, tlic sixth vontnil scjrnient is visihio in IjdIIi sexes, luid in tiie mule is very deeply excavated, so us to form two long, (lultoned, curved processes ; tiie lifth segment is ennirginute in the same sex ; the joints 1 — 4 of the anterior tarsi of the nnile are moderately dilated, and the lifth is elongated, fluttein.'d, and twisted, so as to he much defornKu], with the claws larger than the fennile. The mandihies are not truncate or emarginalo at tip, and the tar.si are not at all liil)e(l, A second species (-38 — "41 unc. long), from the Southern Slates, only diifers from A. J'li.-n'iprn hy die thorax heing less sinuate at hasc, with the hind angles scarcely prolonged. I have named it A. lulcipes. •N ' Mentum transvc^rsc, trapezoidal, wider in front, supported on a distinct gidar jirocess ; ligula proniiuont ; j)a!pi o-JtMutcd. MaxiiUu with two flattened, ciliated lobes; ])alpi 4-jointt_Ml, moderate in size. Head prominent, horizontal, insortcd into the thorax, more or less constricted behind the eyes, which are ti'aii-vi'i'se. emarginate, and n(jt linely granulated ; clypeus subcoiia- eeous; labrum prominent; mandibles short. Antenuio 11-joiuted, nearly filiform, inserted under very small oblique frontal ridges. Prothorax narrower than the base of the elytra, subcylin- drical, with the lateral suture obliterated ; anterior coxal cavities closed behind, and nearly confluent. Mesoriternum moderately long, side pieces attaining the coxal cavities ; metasternum long, side pieces narrow ; epi- mera not visible. Elytra rounded at tip, covering the abdomen; epipleunc narrow ; wings perfect. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, the anterior four of which appear to be more closel_y connected; fiith rounded at tip, sixth sometimes visible. Legs slender ; anterior coxjg conical, prominent, without trochantiu, separated by a very narrow prosternum; middle coxie separated, with distinct trochantin; hind coxie trans- verse; tibial spurs obsolete; front and middle tarsi 5-jointed; kind tarsi -i-jointed, with the i^rst j(jint long; the })enultimate joint of all the tarsi (except in one foreign geausj is dilated, 'hi •■ ' i.l i 1 'a "4 246 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. eniarginatc, and clotbed beneath with a dense brush of hairs ; claws simple. This family is represented in our fauna by three species from the Atlantic States ; they are found under bark and on leaves ; they belong to a tribe, Statyrini, to be distinguished from the genuine Lagriini by the sixth ventral segment being visible, and the last joint of the antennas elongated. Two genera are indi- cated : — Head scarcely constricted heliind (olytra not striate). Artiiromacra. Head strongly constricted behind (elytra striate). Statyra. To Arthromacra belongs only Lagria eenea Say {Arlhrom. dnnacioideH Kirby). There is absolutely nothing in tlie preceding formula which can be relied on as distinguii/ning this family from the Teiiebrio- nida), except the prominent anterior (;oxa3, and the dilated penul- timate joint of the tarsi ; the larva; are nevertheless very dilferent, and it is chiefly owing to a knowledge of that fact that the two famines are retained as distinct. Fam. IJ.— M O N O M M I d a e . Mentum moderate in size, somewhat rounded, supported by a broad gular process; gular fissures narrow; ligula cor- neous, somewhat prominent behind the mentum; labial palpi 8 -jointed. Maxilla? with two flattened ciliated lobes ; palpi 4-jointed, last joint truncate. Uead horizontal, prominent, received in the thorax as far as the eyes, which are large, transverse, and strongly granu- lated; front flat, rounded anteriorly; labruin short, scared v prominent ; mandibles short, einarginate at tip. Antenna) inserted under the frontal margin, received in grooves on the under surface of the prothorax, 11-jointcd; last three joints larger, fornung an oval flattened club. Prothorax gradually narrowed from base to tip, as wide at base as the olytra; lateral suture distinct; flanks with a deep curved groove from the front to tlic hind angle for the reception of the antennte ; prosternum broad, rounded be- hind, fitting closely to the mesostei'num ; coxal cavities Very small, closed behind by the mesosternum. , Mesosternum broail, side pieces not extending to the cuxal .:u MELANDnVIDAE. i>n cavities; mctasteruum large; side pieces narrow; epimera vi.siblo. Elytra rounded beliind, covering tlie abdomen ; epipleuru) not very wide, extending to the apex. Abdomen with five free segments ; tlie first elongated, tlie citli marked with a curved submarginal furrow in our genus. Legs moderate, strongly contractile ; anterior coxa^ dis- tant, scarcely visible, rounded; middle aoxm flat, widelv separated; hind ones flat, transverse, widely separated; middle thighs suddenly contracted at the base; tibi;e slender, com- pressed ; tarsi not dilated, slightly pubescent beneath ; ante- rior and middle ones il-jointed, hind ones -i-jointed ; claws smaJl, simple ; fiivst joint of hind tarsi long. Tins family consists of small, black, oval flattened insects, re- sembling in appearance Triplax of the Erutylida\ It ai)i)ears to constitute a very distinct type, without well-niarked affinities with any other family. It contains but two g-enera : Alonomma confined to the Eastern, Ilyporhagus to the Western Continent. Of the latter genus one species is found in the Atlantic, and a second in the Pacific district. lioth are described by Mr, Thom- son in his beautiful monograph (Aunales de la Societo Eutum. de France, 18C0). i m Fam. LII.—MELANDHYIDAE. Men turn transverse, trapezoidal, generally mirrower in front, sui)ported on a large gular process ; ligula prominent ; labial palpi 3-jointed. Maxilho with two flattened ciliate lobes ; palj)i 4-jointed. frequently very long and much dilated. Head usually dux- iulosus Mels. ; it appears to be related to the European Abdera, but differs in the form of the last joint of the ma.xillary palpi. To Trotoiua belong Hcraptia Jlavicollis Ilald., and ,S. ruyuaa Ilald. Group v.— Melandryae. Head inclined, never vertical, frontal suture distinct; antenna? with the third joint not consi)icuously elongated ; ma.villary palpi long, sometimes moderately serriform, last joint wider, securiform ; anterior co.xa3 conical, contiguous, with distinct trochantin ; mid- dle coxie absolutely contiguous; tibial si)urs slender, never small; tarsi with penultimate joint more or less lobed ; claws simple. Our genera are four in number ; — Thorax with the base sinuous, but not distinctly lobed ; Elytra not striate, Pkothai.pia. Elytra striate. Mki.andkya. Thorax with a broad basal lobe ; elytra punctured, not at all striate ; 2d and 3d joints of antennte together not longer than the 4th. Emmesa. 3d joint of antennae scarcely shorter than the 4th. riiuvr.ANOPiULcs. Melandrya is represented by 3L sfriata Say, Emmesa l)y /;. connectens Newm. (3Ielandrya maculata Lee), and E. lahinta {M. labiata Say), all from the Atlantic States ; Fhri/ .V 4, ^ ■ V .0^ <%. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 44^ III 2.8 Ill" -' IIIIIM '■ m llitt «tf. IIJM III 1-8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ■• 6" ► HiotoTdphic Scibxites Corporation s. ^^ 4 •civ v> "% V \^ %^ <^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y 14580 (716) 872-4503 i fc ^ y ^ m COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Mesostcrnum narrow, s* ijarating the coxre ; side pieces not extending to the cavities. Metasternuin long, side pieces not very narrow ; epimera visible. Elytra covering the abdomen ; epiplenrse narrow, distinct. Abdomen with five free ventral segments; the anterior two of which appear more closely connected ; intercoxal process acvite. Legs slender ; anterior coxae small, conical, contiguous, without trochantin ; middle coxa? small, rounded, separated, entirely inclosed by tlie sterna; hind coxai transverse, sepa- rated; tibial spurs small ; front and middle tarsi 5-jointcd ; hind tarsi 4-jointed; the penultimate joint dilated into a short membranous lobe beneath ; claws armed with a broad basal tooth. The two genera which I have here associated have very few points in common, except those above detailed ; the first resembles in form some of the smaller Alleculse or Cistelas, while the second does not resemble especially any other insect known to me. The two genera indicate dilfcrent tribes ; — Head prolonged into a rostrum. Mycteriki. lleud short, not rodtrated. Lacconotini. Tribe I.-IUYCTERIIVI. Head pr'^longcd before the eyes into a flattened beak as long as the rest of the head : antennoe nearly filiform ; epipleurse ex- tending to the tip of the elytra ; first ventral segment as long as the 2d ; 5th very short. The gt 'lus Mycterus, usually classed among Oedemeridae, alone represents this tribe ; one species in the Atlantic States, and ano- ther in New Mexico belong to our fauna. The firmer consistenc* of the integuments, the distinct epipleurse, the small size of the coxa!, and the membranous sole of the penultimate joint of the tarsi arc valid reasons for removing this genus from a.ssociatiou with Oederaerida) to the position here given it ; the resemblance in form to some of the members of CistelidsB is considerable, while in structural characters, Mycterus has much affinity with Salpingus. Tribe II.-LACCOWOTINI. Head short ; antennte as long as the head and thorax, enbser- rato ; cpipleurae not extending to the tip of the elytra ; first ven- PYTIIIDAE. 255 tral segment very short, only one-half aa long as the 2d ; 5th us lung as the 4th. Lacconotus puncfatus Lee, a small insect given me as found in Pennsylvania, alone constitutes this tribe ; it is of narrow form (17 unc. long), black, strongly punctured, and thinly clothed with short pubescence ; the thorax is rather flat, nearly square, with two large discoidal foveas ; the basal edge is tinged each side with red. The elytra are wider than the thorax, i)arnllel, rounded at the tip, and not very convex ; they are punctured lilvc the head and thorax, and arc sligntly rugous. The 2d ventral .segment has a very large pale spot occupying the whole middle portion. I can add but little to the characters given above; the liguia and mentum are smaller than in Mycterus, and the maxillary palpi less elongated. Fam. liv.— pythidae. 4 f ■ 6 'p. Mentum transverse, trapezoidal, narrower in front, sup- ported on a broad and short gular process ; liguia visible ; labial palpi 3-jointed. Maxillto with flattened, ciliato lobes; palpi 4-jointed, moderate in size. Head not constricted behind, prominent in our tribes, re- ceived by the protliorax not as I'ar as the eyes, which are not emarginate. and not finely granulated ; clypeus short, dis- tinct; labrum prominent; mandibles short, emarginate at tip, sometimes toothed internally. Antennae 11-jointed, slightly tiiickened externally, in.sertcd under small obliciue frontal ridges. Protliorax narrower at base, witli the lateral suture dis- tinct in Boros and Grymodes, wanting in the other genera ; anterior coxal cavities opeu behind, frequently confluent. Meso.sternum moderately long, side jiieces attaining or not the coxal cavities; metasternum long (except in Couonotusj, side pieces narrow. Elytra rounded at tip, covering the abdomen ; epipleurae narrow, wings perfect (except in Cunonotus). Abdomen with five ventral segments, all free; intercoxal process small, acute (except in Cononotus). Legs moderate ; anterior coxie conical, usually contiguous, sometimes with trochantin ; middle coxa) rounded, with or without trochantin ; hind coxio transverse, nearly contiguous. :•<..: 1^ ■ i S :;! 256 COLEOPTEUA OF NOIITII AMERICA. except in Cononotus, where they are very widely separated ; tibiai slundcr, with the spurs small but distinct; tarsi slender, never lol>id, anterior and middle ones 6-jointed, hind ones 4-jointed, (said to be 5-jointed in Tanyrhinus) ; claws simple. This family contains a small number of species, mostly confined to northern localities ; those of the first and third tribes live under bark, those of the second are found under stones. Our three tribes (or perhaps more properly sub-families) may be separated as follows : — Middle coxae with distinct trochantin. Pythim. Middle coxie iucloHed by the Hterua, without trochantin ; Metasteriium short, head not rostrated. Cokonotini. Metasteruum long, head with a distinct rostrum. Salpinoini. Tribe I.— PYTHII¥I. Head prominent; last joint of ma.xillary palpi dilated ; meta- sternum long, body winged ; intcrcoxal process of abdomen small, acute ; middle coxaj with distinct trochantin, extending to the epimera ; mandibles visible beyond the labrum, eniarginate at tip, and in Priognathus also serrate on the inner edge. These species are of moderate or large size, and are found under bark ; in general aspect they resemble certain Tencbrio- nidte, but are immediately known by the anterior coxal cavities being open behind. Two of our genera, Cryraodes and Priognathus, are peculiar to the northern part of America ; the other two are also represented in Northern Europe ; they are distinguished as follows : — Lateral suture of prothorax visible ; middle coxae separated ; Anterior coxae separated by prosternnm. Bonos. Anterior coxae almost contiguous. Cbymodes. Lateral suture of prothorax wanting ; middle coxae contiguous ; Mandibles with one small tooth ; body depressed. Pytho. Mandibles serrate ; body not depressed. Pkioonathus. Of Pytho, two species are known in our fauna ; of the other genera but single species have yet been discovered. Tribe n.-CONONOTIWI. Head prominent, obtuse ; metasternura short, hind margin almost straight, wings none ; intercoxal process of abdomen very broad ; middle coxae nearly contiguous, closely embraced by the PYTHIDAE. 25T II sterna, without trochantin ; mandibles scarcely visible beyond the lubruin; anterior coxaj small, conical, contiguous; tibial spurs very small. This tribe consists of the genus Cononotus, of which two spe- cies were found by me under stones in California ; they are slen- der, pale brown, finely pubescent insects of small size, having the thorax elongated, and regularly conical in form, and much nui- rowed behind ; the lateral suture is nearly effaced, though still capable of being traced ; the maxillary palpi are very long, and the last joint is large and triangular. It is very dillicult to indicate the aflinities of this genus ; it seems to be equally out of place in any family. It was formerly considered by me as allied to Apocrypha, of the Tenebrionida\ a view adopted by Lacordaire ; but the open anterior coxal cavities forbid such an association. The lirst and second ventral segments appear to be connate ; should dissection conlinu this observation, it will point very strongly towards the reception of the genus as a separate family. I ■■h i ;iil' Tribe III.-8ALP»'»Ix\I. Head prominent, front flattened, prolonged more or less into a broad beak ; last joint of maxillary palpi not dilated ; metasternum long, body winged, intercoxal process of abdomen acute ; middle coxic embraced by the sterna, without trochantin ; mandibles not visible beyond the labrum ; anterior coxae conical, contiguous. This tribe consists of species of small size ; two of the genera are represented on both sides of the continent ; the third, Tanyr- hiuus, is found in Russian America, and is unknown to me ; the form of thorax is very different from that of the other genera, being described as very much narrower at tip than at base ; the reverse is the case in every genus of the present family known to me ; the 5-jointed hind tarsi are also altogether anomalous, and I am inclined to believe that the genus has been improperly con- sidered as allied to llhinosimus. Hind tarsi 4-jointed ; Beak broad, and very short. Beak prolonged ; Hind tarsi 5-jointed ; beak prolonged. n SALrrwona. Riiisosisirs. Tanyuuinuh. .i'i At ii «i m !■'.; Ii 2")8 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Fam. lv.— cedemeridae. Mentum trapezoidal, slightly narrowed in front, supported by a large gular process ; ligula large, prominent, bilobed ; labial palpi 3-jointed. Maxillce with large exposed base, and two flattened ciliate lobes; palpi 4-jointed, last joint dilated in onr genera. Head slightly inclined, gradually, but not strongly narrowed behind, received into the thorax not as far as the eyes, which are tolerably strongly granulated in Calopus, but more finely in our other genera ; front somewhat prolonged ; epistonia subcoriaceous ; labrum prominent ; mandibles emarginate at tip, furnished on the inner margin with a membranous ciliated border. Antennae 11-jointed, nearly filiform, sometimes serrate. Prothorax narrower at the base than the elytra, lateral suture wanting; coxal cavities widely open behind, con- fluent. Mesosternum pointed behind ; side pieces extending to the coxal cavities, which are generally confluent ; metasternum long ; side pieces narrow. Elytra covering the abdomen ; epipleuraa almost wanting ; visible only near the base. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, the 6th some- times visible in the males. Legs moderate ; anterior coxae large, conical, contiguous ; middle coxae conical, contiguous or slightly separated, some- times with distinct trochantin ; hind coxas transverse, nearly contiguous; tibial spurs distinct; anterior and middle tarsi 6-jointed ; hind tarsi 4-jointed ; the penultimate joints dilated in our genera, and furnished with a dense brush of hairs be- neath ; claws simple, slightly dilated at the base. Insects of moderate size found generally upon plants, though some species of Asclera live near water on the ground. Our genera are as follows : — Antennse partly surrounded by the eyes ; middle coxse not contignous ; Clypeal suture not obvious. Cai.opus. Clypeal suture very distinct. Mickotonus. Antennae not surrounded by the eyes ; middle coxiO contiguous ; Anterior tarsi with more than tlie 4th joint spougy pubescent beneath ; Anterior tibiae with two distinct spurs. Ditylub. Anterior tibiae with but quo spur. Kacekdes. (EnEMERinAE — CEI'lIAr.OIDAE. 2:. 9 Pemiltiinate joint only of Uie tarni spongy pulwsceut beneath ; anlp- rior tibinB witli two spare. Awlkiia. Calopus Is found in Texas and New Mexico ; the other j^cncrs are represented on both sides of the Continent ; the only species of Nacerdes is N. milanura, which is also found in Europe. Microtonus is founded on a very small brown sericeous insect, found on leaves in the Atlantic States. The last joint of the palpi is large and secHriform ; the antennic are inserted at a small emargination of the eyes, are slender, one-half the length of the body, with the 2d joint one-third as long as the following one ; the eyes are comparatively large, widely separated, and tolerably coarsely granulated ; the front is crossed by a very distinct curved suture, just before the eyes ; the pennltimate joint of the tarsi is very slightly bilobed. The species M. scncana Lee. is smuU (■10-15 unc. long) and slender, brown, densely punctured, and clothed with short sericeous pubescence ; the thorax is as wide as the head, nearly square, feebly bisinuate at base, with the hind angles subacute, very feebly rounded on the sides, and generally vaguely impressed near the sides behind the middle. I. "tiiu' .if Fam. lvl— cephaloidae. Mentum small, nearly square, supported hj a gular pro- cess ; ligula membranous, broad, bilobed, prominent ; labial palpi small, 3-jointed. MaxilliK with the base large and prominent, and two long slender lobes eiliate at the tip; palpi 4-jointed, last joint tri- angular, obliquely truncate. llead inclined, large, rhomboidal, gradually narrowed be- hind the eyes, suddenly constrict(Kl at base, inserted into the thorax by a not very slender neck; eyes small, reniform, finely granulated ; mandibles small, acute at tip, subser rate on the inner margin with a broad membrane extending from the base half the length ; labrum prominent ; frontal suture not distinct. Antennte inserted at the sides of the front, under a small lidge in front of the eyes, 11-jointed; slightly thickened to- wards the tip. Prothorax elongate, trape7oidal, as wide at base as the elytra, lateral suture wanting; coxal cavities large, confluent, open behind. M 1 2f,0 COLEOPTERA OF NORTH AMEUIOA. Mosostcrnum uouto ; side pieces reacOiing tlic coxal cavi- tioH, which lire cuuliuont; motustcrnum long, side pieces uurnnv. Elytra gradually narrowed from tlie base, as long as the alKloineii; cpipleuru3 narrow but distinct, not extending tu the tip. Aluiomen witli six free ventral segments, the 0th short, deeply emarginatoin the male, permitting the 7th to be seen. Legs long and slender; anttjrior and nii(hlle coxa; large, conical, contiguous, with distinct trochantins; hind coxjo slightly oblique, prominent, concave behind near the ti{) ; tibial spurs long, slender; tarsi rdifi^rni, pubescent beneath; claws pectinate, each with a largo a[)pcn(lage, as lung as tho claw itself) and obtusely rounded at the tip. The characters above given are sufticieiit to show timt tho genus (Jephaloon should rank as a distinct family. It was placed by Newman, who first dcHcrihotl it in (Edemerldte, by myself in MeloidiE, and more recently by Motschulsky in Molandryiihe. None of these positions will, in my opinion, be found correct. From the Mcloidic it differs by tiie thorax being as broad at base as the elytra, as well as by the different form of the head. From Me- landryidiB it differs not only by the head being constricted at base, but by the lateral suture of the prosternum being wanting, and by the greater number of ventral segments. Its rescmblanco to (Edcnieridaj is more decided, though from them it is at onco distinguished by tho head being constricted at base, as well as by the peculiar form of the claws. One species, Cvphaloon lejUuridca Newman (var. G. variavs) Hald., is found on plants in the Northern States and in Canada. Two Asiatic species have been recently described by Motschuls'ky ; they are found near the Amoor River. Fam. lvii.— mordellidae. Mcntum trapezoidal, supported by a gular process ; ligula prominent, cordiform : palpi 3-jointed, last joint ti'iangular. Maxillio with large, prominent base, and two ciliated lubes; palpi 4-jointed, rather long, with the last joint securiform or cultrifonn, sometimes transverse. Head vertical, applied closely to the th ,rax, suddenly constricted immediately behind the eyes, connected with the MnnPKI.LIPAE. 20. 1 prolhorax l)y a very small rn'ck ; cjea small and coarsrl y ^.tiiiiuIuUmI ill th(! lirst tribe, largo ami fiurly grauulat.'d in the secoiul ; labri'ia [jromiiieiit ; matidihlcs short, cutiru at ti[\ with an internal iiieinbrunoti.s margin. Antennaj inserted at the sides of the i'ront, before the eyes, 11-jointed, slender, usually slightly thickened e.\.tt;riially. l*rothorax strongly narrowed in front, as wide at base iis the elytra ; lateral suture quite obvioui ; coxal cavities large, open behind, confluent. Mesosternum short, carinated, pointed behind, side jiicces attaining the coxal cavities, which are not confluent; meta- sternum large, but not long, side pieces variable in width. Elytra narrowed behind, not truncate, leaving exposed the tip of the abdomen ; epipleunu not distinct. Abdomen with five or six ventral segments; the last dorsal and sixth ventral arc prolonged in the second tribe, forming an anal style. Legs, anterior short, posterior usually long ; anterior coxto large, conical, contiguous, without trochantin; middle coxiu not prominent, slightly separated; hind coxa? flat, contiguous, moderate in size in the first, very largo in the secoml tribe; tibial spurs large, hind tibia; frecjuently dilated ; hind tarsi compressed, long; claws simple in the lirst, cleft to the base, with the upper portion ])ectinate, iu the second tribe. Two tribes are thus separated : — Atnlomen not prolonged at tip. Anahpiki. AUlouiun prolonged at tip. Moudki.i.im. Insects of small size, found on plants ; all are pubescent ; many are very prettily variegated in color. Tribe I.— AIVASPIIVI. Body rather fusiform than cuneate ; hind coxa? not very large, tibia; slender ; claws neither cleft nor serrate; last dorsal scir- nieut of the abdomen not prolonged, sixth ventral not visible in Anaspls, but visible iu the other two genera ; eyes oval, narrowly emarginated, coarsely granulated ; antenna; inserted very near the eyes, not serrate ; upper surface of the body transversely strigute. Our genera are three : — Anterior and middle tarsi with the 3d and 4t]i joints equal ; Antomire long, scarcely thickfned externally. Diri.iniA. Antennw shorter, last five joints broader. Pk.ntaria. Anterior and middle tarsi with the 4th joint very small. A.naspis. \:[ I; • ;:l 1,11 •, i :m 202 COLEOI'TEUA OF NORTH AMKIMC.V. Diclidift contains one spcoiea from Texas ; Pnifaria Muls. wn« Kcparatc'l by nie formerly as Antliobateis, but uiiilor falsi; cliunii- tors, so that tlie name should be rejcrted, and the more recent one adopted. The speeics are found on oaeh side of the eontlnent, and have the elytra ornamented with broad bands. Anaspis is also found ou both sides of the continent. THIw II.-MOnDEIXIIVI. Body cuneiform, pointed behind ; hind coxro very large ; hind tibiiB short, diluted, triangular ; elaws eleft to the base, with the upper portion pectinate ; la.st dorsal segment of abdomen pro- longed, forming an anal style or process ; eyes large, oval, finely or coarsely granulated ; antenna; insertctd in front of the eyes, but not very near to them, Bometinies serrate. Our genera may be separated as follows : — Kyva finely granulatt'il ; hind tibim with a small, sul)apioal ridge ; Sciitelhiin nmargiiiatt) ; eyes not n-uchiiig tlie occiput. Toiioxia. Bcutellutn triangular ; eye8 reaching thu occiput; Last joint of maxillary palpi very tran.sver.so. Olipa. La.st joint of maxillary palpi triangular, or s«curifnrm. Mokdki.i.a. Eyua coarsely granulated ; hiud tibia; and tarsii with oblique ridges on the outer face ; Hind tibia; with one long ridge, and no suliapical one. Olipode.s. Hind tibifP with subapical and oblique ridges. Mokdelliste.va. Sphalera Lee, founded on MorihUa viel/xnn Germ., does not appear to be sufficiently distinct from genuine Mordella. (Jlipodes is founded on Mordella iscricnns Mels., and is very remarkable for the structure of the last joint of the maxillary palpi in the male ; it is covered on the under surface with a dense brush of short hair, and from the base on the outer side proceeds a long, bifurcated appendage, the branches of which are as long as the joint itself. Mordella and Mordellistena occur on both sides of the conti- nent; the other genera are thus fur kuown only in the Atlantic States. Fam. lviii.— anthicidae. Mentum trapezoidal, narrower in front, supported by a broad gular process; ligula large, prominent, labial jiulpi iJ-jointed. ANTinriDAE. 2'5:i Miixillio with largo, exposed base, and two flattened, ciliale lobort; palj)! 4-joiuted. lloud somewhat iuelined, strongly eonstrieted behind the eyes; ncok slender, front soniewliat j)rolonged, labruin pro minent; mandibles not extentling l;eyond the lubrum, trim cate or cmarginate at tip. Anteniue inserted at the sides of the front, immediately before the eyes, 11-jointed, nearly filil'orm, very rarely (-V^- hphilus MfUlulmeri J") Ihibellate, I'rothorax narrower than the elytra at base, lateral suture wanting; anterior eoxal eavities open bcjhind, eonlluent. Mesosternum [tointed behind, usually very slightly sepa- rating the eoxte, rarely the coxal eavities are eonflucnt; snle pieces extending to the cavities; metasternum long, side j)ieces narrow. Elytra covering the abdomen, rounded behind; cpipleune very narrow. Abdomen with five free ventral segments, rarely six. Legs moderate; anterior coxie conical, prominent, con- tiguous; middle ones subconical, with distinct trochantin, nearly or quite contiguous; hind ones transver.se, nearly contiguous in the first three tribes, more distinctly separate 1 in the fourth tribe; tibial spurs small; anterior and middli- tarsi 5-jointed; hind tarsi 4-jointed; the penultimate joint of all generally emarginate ; claws simple, except in Xema toplus, Pedilus, and Macratria. I have united the Aiithicitos and Pedilides of Lacordairc, antl excluded from the family Scraptia, which appears to me to be more related to the Melanch'jidiu. The family Is thus rendered very homogeneous, and divides into four natural tribes : — Eyes more or less emarginate ; hind coxne approximate ; Head constricted far beliind the finely granulated eyes. Pkdilim. Head constricted just behind the coarsely granulated eyes. X ylopuilim. Eyes elliptical, entire, rather coarsely granulated ; Hiud coxte approximate. Macbatriim. Uiud cox» somewhat distant. Amtuicini. Tribe I.— PEDILIIVI. The species of this tribe are of much larper size than those of the other tribes, varying in size from one-fourth to one-half un inch iu length ; they are found on flowers. The head is con.strieted far behind the eyes, which are tolerably ■finely granulated, never regularly oval, and always emarginule, I- i 1. ,1 'I }h 'f fil! I'ik I I "it- i f.:, i m Ifi U I t<4 (oi.r.orTRiiA or noutii amkhica. thdiigh ill Hoinr> of the HpceicH of tlio sccoiid j^roiip viTy Hli^htly ho ; llic ii(M;k is not very hIcihUt ; tin' liiiiil roxiu iiro iinirly coii- tifj^iMUH, tlic iiit(>r*'oxiil proiM'SH liciii^ very huiuII utiU ueulu. The ((I'lHTU iiidicatu tlirei' groups ; — (MitwH olttft to tlut liikXH. ■ Nkmatopm. CliiwN Hli^litly (liliitfil lit till) liiiHo, Ki'KYdKMi. Cluws witli u bruud buHiil lodth. 1'kuili. Oronp I.— Nematopll. Ni'matopluH oolhmn liCC, n sloiiilcr Itliiclt insect with a roddJHh- yollow thoriix, alone const it iitos this group; the niiindililuM arc acutely cnnirgiiiate at tip ; the epistonui is not Kepiirate from tlie front; the nnixiliary paii*! are luit feebly ililated ; the middle co.xie are distinctly s<>parated ; the altdomen of the male lias six veiilriil segtneiitH, the fifth being cmarginatu ; the tarsi arc entirely lili- form, and the claws are cleft to the base, as in Stenotrachelus. The Insect is very rare, and is found in the Xorthwesteni States. (Iroup II.— Burygenil. Elongate insects clothed with gray jmltescence ; the mandibles are Itroailly truncate at tip ; the epistoimi is not separate from the front ; the maxillary palpi are eonsiderably diluted ; the middle coxio are very slightly separated ; the al»(lomen in both sexes lia.s but five ventral segments; the anterior tarsi are somewhat di- lated, and the penultimate joint of all is bilubed ; the claws uro very slightly diluted at base. Last joint of mnxilliiry palpi liroad, sncuriforni. ErnYnKNU'H. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, cultrifonn. Stkiikoi-ai.I'Ch. The three species of the first genus differ in the form of the eyes; in E. WihUi Lee. they are dcei)ly emarginate, in the Cali- f(trnian E. condrivtun Lee. slightly, and in E. mun'nux scarcely at all eraarginate. Those of the second genus liave the eyes very slightly emargiuate ; in both the eyes are less finely gruuulated than in the first and third groups. Group III.— PedlU. This gronp consists of but a single genus, Pcdilns, represented by several species in the Atlantic, and one in the Pacific district. They are prettily colored insects, with the thorax globose, polished, and usually yellow ; in the males the tips of the elytra arc con- vex and polished, resembling somewhat a vesicle. ' «' ij ANTIIKIIi.vr.. 2r,r) Tlif trmiitlililcs am IniiifiiU) ; tlic f|iiHtoi)m HcpiiratfMl froiii the front liy 11 triuisvi'r«it! siitiiri'; tlic iiiiixillnry |inl|ii I'nlily tlilalid ; tlu* iiiiildic <'(i\ii! iin; fiuili^'iiDiis ; tin* nliiluiiirii of tli(> iniilr Im-^ Hix iit.s ; the |H'iiiiltiiiiiil« Jnint nf tlio tarsi is IhIoImmI, uihI tlio I'luws iiro stidilciily dilatuil ul Itase liitn u liroud tdolh. Tril>u ll.-%VI.OI>IIIM\l. A fi'w small spccicH, foiind nii jcuvcs aiiij lluwcrs, arc conlaiiii'd ill this trilx' ; lliry liiivf nitircly liic I'nriii and ai>|K'araiin' hI'sik'- elcH of AiitliiciiH, l)iit ur« known at once l»y tlm •'iiiar>fiiial«', liairy, und roarscly ffrannlalcd cyL's. None have yet been rMiind in the J'aeilii! district. Tin; head is iiiiieh defle.ved, iiiid eoiistrietol iniiiKMJinti'ly lii'hind the eyes; tiie e|»isloiiia is separate from the front; tlic in-ck is very Hiiiiill ; the lust Joint of tlie maxillary palpi is larf(<> and Keciiriforni ; the middle eoxtu are coiiti^^iious ; the hind eoxiu are nearly eontiffiioiis, the iiitereoxal process lieiiitf very small ; the lirsl joint of the hind tarsi is exlremdy long; the peiiulliniale joint Ih bilohed, and the claws arc simple. One speeies, X Milahrimeri Lee., is remarkahle for the antenna' «)f the male ltein>; llalicllate ; in another species, A'. Iidsttli.^ Ia'v., the last joint of the antcniue is considerahly longer than the others. I do not feel certain that these shuulU be regarded as generic diHereiices. Tribe III.-I*f.4<'ltATRIIXI. Two very narrow, brown, pubescent Kpeeies of Mucrutria are found in the Atlantic States, on flowers and leaves. The head is deflexed, constricted far behind the eyes, which are oval, and not at all emarginate, sonu-what coarsely graniiluled, and slightly hairy; the neck is very small ; the epistoina is not separate from the front; the maxillary palpi are compressed and diluted, with the last joint largo and securiform ; the last three joints of the antcnnie are longer than the others ; the middle coxte are distinctly sejjarated ; the hind coxie are nearly contiguous; the intercoxal process of the abdomen is very small and acute ; the first joint is longer than the others, and the sixth is visible in the male ; the penultimate joint nf the tarsi is bilobed ; the first joint of the hind tarsi is very long ; the claws are suddenly and broadly dilated at base. M , I <•;; ;« I 1 .- I"!, 2G6 COLEOPTEBA OF NORTH AMERICA. Tribe IV.-AIVTHICIIVI. Head dcflexed, constricted behind the eyes, which are rcji^ularly oval, ai»d rather coarsely granulated ; the epistoraa is not separate from the front ; the neck is very small ; the mandibles are eniar- ginate at tip ; the last joint of the maxillary palpi is moierately dilated ; the middle coxce are nearly contiguous in other g(!nera, but absolutely so in Tanarthrus ; the hind coxae are moderately separated ; the intercoxal process is acute at tip, except in For- micomus, where it is broad and obtuse ; the ventral segments are five in both sexes ; the penultimate joint of the tarsi is bilobed in our genera, and the claws are simple. Our genera are : — Antennce with the 11th joint equal to the 10th ; Thorax prolonged over the head into a horn. Notoxus. Thorax not prolonged over the liead ; Antennae moniliform ; thighs thickened. Tomoderus. Antenna) not moniliform ; Body without wings ; humeral angles rounded. Formicomus. Body winged ; humeral angles distinut. Anthicus. 11th joint of antenniB elongated, almost divided into two. Tanartuhus. The species are numerous ; the genera, except Tanarthrus, are represented on the Atlantic district, but thus far no species of Tomoderus has occurred in the Pacific region. The differences between the second,, third, and fourth genera seem to me rather indefinite. Tanarthrus, besides the elongated 11th joint of the antennae, and contiguous middle coxae, is farther remarkable for having the elytra shorter than the abdomen, and subtruncate at the extremity. The genus contains but two species, from the Colorado Desert, one of which, T. saliniis Lee, flies and runs on salt mud, after the manner of a Cicindela. The species of Notoxus live on flowers and leaves ; those of Anthicus are very numerous ; some are found on plants, but the greater number live near the margin of water, especially in sandy localities. Fam. lix.— pyrochroidae. Mentum trapezoidal, narrowed in front, supported by a large gular process ; ligula large, prominent, bilobed, lubiul palpi 3-joiutod. PTROCIlKOiDAE. 2, 1,127) is founded upon Meloe caiwcl- latus Er., and Ci/stcodemus viltatus Lee, which occur in New '•lit it I '.' -r 270 COLEOrXERA OP NORTH AMERICA. Mexico and Arizona. I formerly considered these species as constituting a section of Cysteodenius. Tribe II.-I,YTTIMI. Body generally winged ; elytra, in our genera, not shorter than the abdomen, entirely closing together along the suture ; meta- sternum long (except in Aptcrosi)asta) ; middle coxoj not over- lapping the hind coxre ; side pieces of meso- and metathorax plai;ily visible, not covered by the elytra ; claws generally cleft to the base, the upper portion sometimes pectinate ; very rarely they are armed with a tooth. Subtribes may be separated as follows ; — Front not prolonged Iwyomi the base of the antennffl. Horiini. Front prolonged ; frontal suture very distinct ; Mandibles prolonged, acute. Nemoonathini. Mandibles obtuse, short. Lytxim. Sub-Tribe I.-Horiini. Head large, squarely truncate behiiul ; front without suture, scarcely extending beyond the insertion of the antcnnaj, which are not very long, and not thickened towards the extremity ; the eyes are transverse, and subreniforra; the mandibles extend be- yond the labrum, and in some males of foreign species are quite large ; the lobes of the maxillte are not elongated, and the palpi are not dilated ; the claws of the tarsi are cleft to the base, the upper portion is finely pectinate, the lower one is very slender ; the tarsi are clothed with stiff hairs or bristles beneath. Three species are known in our fauna: one without wings, JTui'ia sanijuinipennis Say, from the Northern and Middle States, and two winged species from the vicinity of the Rocky Moun- tains. They all belong to the genus Tricrania Lee, which is distinguished from the foreign genera by the last joint of the maxillary palpi being longer than the 3d, and by the triangular head. Sub-Tribo II.— Nemof^athiiii. Head triangular, squarely truncate behind (except in Gnathium) ; front with distinct transverse suture, prolonged beyond the inser- tion of the antennae, which are filiform or very slightly thickened externally ; the eyes are transverse, rarely (Gnathium) oval and oblique ; the mandibles are acute at tip and extend beyond the labrum ; the outer lobe of the maxilla) is generally prolonged into MELOIDAE. m a slender, flexible proccHs, sometimes nearly us lonjr as the body ; the maxillary palpi are not dilated, and the last joint is longer than the preceding ; the daws of the iavA are cleft to the base, tiie upper portion is strongly pectinate, the lower one e((ual in length, acute, and generally mure slender than the upper ; the tarsi are clothed with stilf hairs beneath The serrature of the upper part of the claws is not sufficient by itself to separate this from the next sub-tribe, since in it there are certain foreign genera, scarcely to be distinguished in appear- ance from Lytta, in which the upper part of the cluws is (juitc distinctly serrate ; but in my opinion the marked dilVerence in appearance produced by the triangular head, which is usually applied more closely than in liytta to the square prothorax and especially the more prominent and acute mandibles, evince the propriety of separating the three genera below mentioned from those contained in the next sub-tribe. Maxillie with tlie outer lobe prolonged, setaceous ; Antennse not thickened externally. NKMOosATnA. Antennae thicker towards the tip. G.natiiium. Maxillae with the outer lobe not prolonged. Zonitis. The species of Nemognatha differ like those of Lytta in the size and shape of the spurs of the hind tibite ; in Gnathium, the prothorax instead of being scpiare, as in the other two genera, is gradually narrowed in front, but, as if to balance this approach towards the next sub-tribe, the maudibles are still longer and more acute than in Nemognatha. Sub-Tribe III.— Lyttini (gemiini). Head variable in form ; front with a very distinct trnnsvorse suture, prolonged beyond the insertion of the antenna; ; the eyes are transverse and subrcniform, except in Phodnga, where they are regularly oval ; the antenmc are variable in form, but inserted in front of the eyes, except in Phodaga and Eupomplia, where they are situated between the eyes ; the mandibles are thick, and obtuse, rarely (Phodaga) emarginate at tip ; the palpi vary in form ; the lobes of the maxilla; are not prolonged ; the claws of the tarsi are usually cleft to the base ; the u[)por part is not ser- rate in our genera, and the under part is usually c(|ual in length to the upper one ; in Phodaga, Eupompha, Tegrodera, the under portion is connate with the upper one, and only half as long. ft I Hi i I 0 V. m m 2(2 COLEOPTERA OF NOUTII AMERICA. Four natural groups appear to exist among our genera : — Vertex not elevated ; 2(1 joint of antenn.-e long. Mackoiiahes. 2(1 joint of anteiiiiiu niueh shorter than the 3J. Lytt«. Vertex elevated ; 2d joint of antenme small ; Mandible!) obtuse. Edpomph*. Mandibles euiargiuate. PuouAUiC. Gronp I.—Macrobases. I have separated as a distinct grouj) the species inchuled in Lytta division C. of my synopsis.* Tlic genernl api)earance of the si)ceies, and the remarkai)le sexual chnnu'lers impressed on the antennffi evidence the correctness of the view here taken. The eyes are strongly transverse and broadly eniargiinite ; the antennfc are inserted in front of the eyes ; the first joint is usually much elongated, especially in the males, frequently compressed and bent in that sex ; the sectnid joint is larger in the males than in the females, and is generally longer than the third, sometimes mucli longer, but in Aptcrospasta the second is a little shorter than the third ; the vertex is not elevated ; the hist joint of the maxillary palpi is triangular and obli(niely truncate ; the mandi- bles are thick and obtuse, with a snniU tooth near the apex. The anterior thighs have a sericeous spot of hair on the under surface. The spurs of the hind tibia) are always slender and the divisions of the claws ee under one, tliougii separate, is shorter, and in Tegrodera, the under one is shorter, and connate with the upper ; the tarsi arc pubescent beneath. Our genera may be thus arranged : — PenuUimatu joint of tarsi bilobed. . Tbtbaonyx. Peuultimate Joint of tarsi cyliudrical ; Lower portion of claws equal to the upper, and separate ; Anterior thighs with a serioeous spot ; (antenna) filiform) ; 2d joint of ant. eqnal to half the 3d ; elytra costate. I'LEi-nopoMPn a, 2d joint of antennie very short ; elytra even. KrioAUTA. Anterior thighs without a sericeous hniry spot ; Antennne filiform, outer joints cylindrical. Pybota. AntcnuiP thicker externally, outer joints oval or rounded ; Labrum deeply emargiuate. Pompuopiba. Labrum slightly emarginate. Lytia. Lower portion of claws shorter than the upper, connate ; Labrum not emarginate ; body puby the dofj^ratiation of structure have lost all reseinldancc ti) the other meiiilters of the order Coleoptera. They were, from the period of their discovery to within a few years, considered as a separate order, under tho name Strepsiplera, hut a knowledge of tlie transforuuitions, and a more rigid interpretation of the externa! anatomy has convinced nearly all systemutists of tlie propriety of placing them a family of Coleo|)tera. They arc [)arasitic in the bodies of species belonging to various genera of aculeate Hymenoptera ; tho comparatively large size of these parasites causes a distortion of the abdomen of the lly- nienopteron affected, and, on close observation, the heads of tho pupa cases may bo seen emerging between the segments. The head of tho pupa case of tho male is convex, that of tho female is Hat ; specimens containing male pui)a3 can be kept confined with proj)er food until the parasite is hatched. lint two genera are yet kaowu iu North America, In both of which the tarsi are 4-jointcd. Autonnro with six joints. Antennu; with funr joints. Stylops. Xenos. Stylops inhabits bees of the genus Andrajna ; I have never met with specimens. Xenos Peckic 'iv"s in our common wasp Polides fuHcala. I have seen stylopized indiviil"al8 of Odynerus quadricomis, and of a large species of Splox. It is very desirable that observers in tho United States should turn their attention to the laborious but interesting task of col- lecting the species of this family. , INDEX. AcANinnrRniNi, 129 Ac^Hiitliiueriix, l)i!U Arr/ili(inil, I'l Acidi.lii, 70 Aoiliu!<, 42 Acli-tiiH, 1U2 AoiiiiiMxItTii, 166 Aoie|ii«, :'()« AoritUK, 77 Acti'iiodi'H, If) I A('jlo|ili(iriiH, (li AdvliiJii, 2;m Adri.inini, 2.'<7 Aduldconi, lO'l Aili'li>|iii, 50 AdrniiiiH, 65 AdriiHtii!*, ir>0 yKt;iiili», 127 AugialileH, 212 Aeffialitidae, 241 jKuIus, 168 Ai'j'Hs, 'Xi Ak'iIiub, 41 Akuoxoiiiii, 'il Afi;»lliidiuin, 51 AgDiiudurux, 32 AuiiiMNi, 155 A^rilus, 150 Afrri»teH, 109 AUIIYI'NINI, IC3 A)?rypnu», 164 AInus, 164 Aleuchiirn, 01 Al.KUCIIAKINI, 60 Alindriii, 8H Alleuula, 244 Allaocnemis, 208 Allonyx, ISKl Allorhinn, 148 Alobus, l.'!8 Alphitobius, 233 Amnra, 27 Amblychila, 3 Ammodonus, 227 Aniphnsia, 32 Amphicerug, 208 Am(.liic,hroum, 70 AmpliiiToajJus, 84 Amphicyrtii, 1 1 1 Amphicyrtini, 111 Amphidora, 239 AmpTiixoii, 37 Amphixoidae, 30 AiuichiliiK, 175 AiiiivdtiM, 2.i2 Anasi'ini, 201 Aiiiiinuchu8, 65 Bembidiini, 35 Bembidiuin, 30 Berginux, 105 BeroBUf, 40 Betarmun, 160 Bius, 231 BladuH, 171 Blapstinuii, 227 Blaptini, 225 Blauta, 166 BleohruR, 23 Blediuf, 69 liUmus, 36 Blethua, 7 279 \' 280 INDEX. Bolbocernc, 128 BOLBTUPHAOINI, 235 Uuletiiphflgus, 230 Bolito'jiiis, 63 Bolitochiira, 61 Horn IKS, 24 Bonvouloiria, 102 Boros, 256 BoBtrichidae, 206 BosTiiiciiiNi, 207 Bostrichug, 208 BothridereB, 91 BoTIIItinBRINI, 91 Bracbinini, 18 Brochiniis, 18 Brachycrepis, 167 Urachyitotns, 188 BRArHYPTEIlINI, 82 Brachypterue, 82 Brachys, 157 Bradycellus, 33 Bhanchini, 222 Branchus, 222 Brathinidae, 52 Brathinus, 52 Brontes, 95 Brontini, 95 Broscini, 29 Bryaxis, 57 Bryoporus, 63 Baprcstidae, 159 BUPRESTINI, 151 Byrrhidae, ia9, 111 Byrkhini, 111 Byrrhua, 112 Bytaridae, 106 ByturnsoniHS, 193 Byturus, 106 Cacotemnus, 204 Caenia, 183 Cfilnthus, 21 Cullida, 24 Cftlopteron, 183 Calopus, 258 Calosuma, 10 Calospastn, 273 Calyptocephalus, 184 Calyptoraerus, 52 Campylus, 170 Canthon, 125 Cajmochroa, 244 Carabidae, 4, 5 Carabini, 9 Carabus, 10 Carciiiopa, 77 Cardiopbonis, 166 Carebara, 251 Carpopbilini, 82 Carpophilug, 83 Ca.ononia, 21 Catogenup. 94 Catops, 50 Catoptricbus, 50 Oobrionidae, 174 Cebrio, 175 Cediusi, 56 Contrioptera, 220 Centronopui), 230 CeopbylluH, 56 Cep/ialiatei, 192 Cephaloidae, 2M Cephaloun, 2G0 Cepbenniuin, 54 Ceracid, 210 Cercooerus, 57 Cercus, 82 Cercyon, 47 Corophytidae, 162 Cerophytum, 162 Ceronopus, 228 Cebuchini, 121 Ceriichus, 121 Gerylini, 92 Cerylon, 92 Cktoniini, 147 Ceuthocerus, 78 ClIALCOLBPinilNI, 164 Chalcolepidius. 164 Cbalcopbora, 152 Chalepug, 144 Cbariessa, 197 Cluiropns, 192 CnAOLIOQNATHINI, 186 Chaiiliopnathus, 186 Chclonariidae, 112 Chelonarium, 112 ClILiENIINI, 28 Cbloonius, 28 Chocridium, 125 Chromatia, 244 Chrysobotbris, 163 Chrysopbana, 155 Cihdelis, 230 Cicindola, 3 Cicindelidae, 1 CiCINDELINI, 3 Cicones, 90 Cinyra, 152 Cioidae, 209 Cis, 210 Cistela, 244 Cistelidae, 242 Clambini, 51 Clambiis, 62 Clavigcridae, 55 Cleridac, 194 Clerini, 195 Cleronomug, 196 Clerug, 196 Clinidium, 93 Clivina, 13 Cnemidotug, 39 Coolocnemif, 230 Coelostethus, 204 Coelus, 223 Colastug, 83 Colenis, 61 Collopg, 191 Colon, 50 Colpiug, 40 Colpodes, 26 Colydiidae, 80 COLVDIINI, i)0 Colydiom, 91 Colymbetcg, 41 Colymbetini, 41 Colyphnt, 196 Cnnibiiig, 227 CONIONTINI, 223 Cuniontis, 223 Conipinug, 223 CONONOTINI, 256 Cononotug. 257 Conosoma, 63 Conotelus, 83 Copcdatug, 41 COPRINI, 124 Coprig, 126 Coproporug, 63 Coptodern, 25 Coptotoinug, 41 Coroibus, 156 Corticarin, 102 Corymbiteg, 171 COHYMBITINI, 169 Corvphium, 70 Cotalpa, 142 Coxelus, 90 Craniotus, 214 Cratacanthug, 32 Cratidus, 239 Cratognatliug, 32 Cratonychns, 170 Cregya, 197 Cremiistochilus, 149 Creopbilug, 04 Crepidotritug, 167 Crigmus, 168 Cryraodeg, 256 Cryptadius, 214 Cryptareba, 84 CUYPTICINI, 234 Crypticus, 235 Cryplobium, 66 Cryptoglossini, 219 Cryptnglogsa, 220 CryptobypnuB, 166 Cryptophagidae, 96 Cryptophagini, 98 Cryptopbagus, 99 Cryptopleurum, 47 Cryptorbopalum, 108 Utenistes, 57 Cncnjidae, 93, 95 CucujiNi, 95 Cucujus, 95 Cupeg, 200 Cupeaidae, 109 Cvbistcr, 42 Cyciiramini, 81 Cychramus, 81 INDEX. SSi CychruB, 10 Cyclocej)hala, 144 CVCLOCKI'IIALINI, 143 Cynlonotuin, 47 Vyiistix, 77 Oyllidium, 47 Cymatodera, 196 Cymindis, 24 Cynaeus, 233 Cypariura, 79 Cyphnn, 181 Cyrtuaa, 51 Cysteodcinus, 269 Cytilus, 112 Dacnochilufi, 6fl Daoodekini, 216 Dacoderus, 216 Dascyllidae, 177, 178 Dascyllini, 179 Dascyllua, 179 Dasydera, 133 Dasytes, 193 Dasytini, 192 Dearth rus, 108 Deltufhilum, 125 Dendrocharip, 161 Dendroides, 267 Dendrophngus, 95 Dendrophilus, 76 Dermestes, 107 Dermcttidae, 105, 107 Derodontidae, 100 Derodontus, 100 DiAI'ERlNI, 236 Dianous, 67 Diaporis, 237 Diaphorus, 20 Dinzus, 138 Dicaolus, 27 Dicerca, 152 Dichelonycha, 136 DlCIIELONYCHlNI, 136 Dichelotarsus, 188 Dichirus, 33 Diclidia, 261 Diorepidius, 168 Dictyopterus, 183 Diiletua, 25 Dineutus, 43 Dinoderus, 208 Dinopsis, ^9, DiDchus, 1)5 Dioedus, 238 Diphyllidae, 105 DipUjhila, 27 Diplocoelus, 105 DiPLOTAxim, 137 Diplotaxis, 138 Dircaen, 260 Discoderaus, 223 Discoderus, 32 Diftommus, 69 Ditemnus, 189 Ditoma, 90 Ditylus, 258 Dolopius, 109 Dorcatuma, 204 Dorcus, 121 Drapetes, 158 Drasterius, 166 Drepajiiis, 15 Drninius, 23 Drumorhorns, 4 Drydphilus, 2U5 DllVl'TINI, 20 Dynastes, 146 DVNASTINI, 143, 146 Dyscliirius, 13 Dysmatbes, 212 Dytiscidae, 38, 39 DyrisciNi, 41 Dytiscus, 42 Eanug, 171 Ebaeus, 192 Echiaster, 66 Eotopria, 180 Edaphus, 67 Edrotes, 213 Ega, 21 ELApnniNi, 7 Blaphrus, 7 EInsmocerus. 195 Elater, 166 Elateridae, 158, 163 Elateiuni, 165 Eleodea, 225 Elmidac, 117 Emathion, 161 Etnbaphion, 226 Emmenadia, 276 Emmenastus, 214 Emme>iot(irsus, 193 Einmesa, 251 Erapelus, 52 ENDECAlOJiiNI, 207 Endecatomus, 207 Endectus, 91 Endeodes, 192 Endrosa, 139 Ennearthron, 210 Enopliini, 197 Enoplium, 197 EpiiHtius, 228 Epiiphius, 35 Ephalus, 228 Epieauta, 273 Epierus, 76 Epiphanis, 161 Epiphvsini, 213 Epistemus, 100 Epitraoini, 215 Epltragus, 215 Epursea, 83 Ertr/npis, 148 Eros, 183 Eschatocrepis, 193 Eu(»>sthetH!«, 67 Eiihiia, 180 EiiBKiiM, 180 Eucscrus, 22 EUCINETINI, 181 P>ucinetu8, 181 Bncnemidae, 160 EUCNEMI.Nl, 160 Eucnemis, 101 Eucrada, 202 EUCKADINI, 202 Eiigastra, 139 Eiigiuitltiis, 19 Eiilabia, 228, 233 Eulachus, 91 Euinicrus, 54 Eunectes, 42 Eupactus, 203 Euparia, 127 Euphoria, 148 EtPLElTINI, 57 Euplectus, 58 Eupleurida, 267 Eupomjiha, 274 Eupseniii?, 57 Eurea, 180 Eurygenius, 264 Eurymetopon, 214 Euryomia, 148 Eurypogon, 178 Euryporus, 64 Enryptychns, 161 Eurytriehus, 32 Eusattus, 223 Euschideg, 221 Eustrophiis, 250 Kuthcia, 54 Euthysaniu?, 174 Eutochin, 238 EVANIUCEIIINI, 276 Evarthru.a, 25 Evolenes, 29 Exops, 208 Falagria, 60 Faronus, 58 Formicoinu?, 266 Fornax, 161 Galerita, 20 Qeopinus, 32 Georyssidae, 113 (iedryssus, 113 (riMitrupes, 128 Okotiu'I'ini, 128 (Jibbiuni, 202 Gf.Al'IlYUINI, 133 Giipa, 262 Olipodo!", 262 Qlycia, 24 Glyptoma, 72 Glyptotu?, 230 Uriathiuin, 271 I Guathocerus, 233 282 INDEX. Gnathoncns, 77 Onatiiusiini, 213 flnorimus, 149 Oyascutus, 152 Qymnetis, 148 Qynandropus, 33 Qjnandrotnrsus, 33 Gynnis, 139 Qyretes, 43 Gryrinidae, 42 QyrinuB, 43 Gyrophaena, 62 Hadrotes, 64 Haliplidac, 39 Ilnliplus, 39 Uallomenus, 250 Hapalorhinua, 192 Haplan.lrus, 230 Hnplochile, 30 Haploderup, 69 Haplostethini, 155 Haplostethus, 155 Harpalidac, 16 Hakpalini, 31 Harpiilua, 33 Hedohia, 202 Heliohu», 117 Ifeliopates, 227 Helluomorpha, 19 Hblluonini, 19 Helodes, 181 Helodidae, 179 Hklodini, 181 Helophouini, 45 Helophorus, 45 Hei,opini, 238 Helops, 240 Hemicoelus, 204 Hcmipeplidac, 96 Hemipeplus, 96 Hhmiiihipi'ii, 164 Hemirhipus, 164 Henous, 269 Ilesperobeenus, 86 Uetffirius, 76 Heteroceridae, 117 Heterooerus, 118 Ilcterodcres, 108 Ubterotarsini, 232 Ileterolhops, 64 HisTniNi, 75 Ulster, 76 Histeridae, 73, 74 Holciophorus, 27 Uololepta, 75 HOLOLBPTINI, 74 Holoparameous, 102 Uomaluta, 61 Hoplandria, 61 Hoplia, 134 HoPLiiNi, 135 Hoplooephala, 237 Horia, 270 HoniiNi, 270 IIVBOSOBINI, 127 Ilybosorus, 127 Ilydatictis, 42 llydrmnn, 45 Ilydnobiuf, 61 Hydnocera, 196 UVDROBIl.NI, 46 Ilydrobius, 47 Ilydrochari?, 46 UydrochuH, 45 Hydrophilidae, 43 IIvnnopuiLiNi, 46 Ilydrophilua, 46 Hydrous, 46 Ilylochares, 161 llylocoetus, 199 Hypocyptus, 62 Ilypophloous, 238 IIyporha<;iis, 247 Ilypotelus, 72 irypntriehia, 137 Hypulus; 250 Ichnea, 197 llyhins, 41 Iphthimus, 230 Ipini, 84 Ips, 84 Ischiodontus, 168 Isomalus, 72 JULODIM, 154 Laccobius, 46 Lacconotini, 254 Lacconotus, 255 Laccophilus, 41 Lnuhnocrepis, 29 Lachnophorus, 21 Lachnosterna, 139 Licmophloeug, 95 Lagria, 246 Itagriidae, 245 Lampyridae, 182, 183 Lampyiuni, 183 Lara, 116 Laricobius, 198 Lauini, 116 Lasconotus, 90 Lasiopus, 134 Lathridiidae, 101 Lathridius, 102 Lathrimajum, 70 Lathriiim, 71 Lathrobium, 06 Lebasiella, 198 Lebta, 23 Lp.uiini, 22 Leistus, 10 Leptacinus, 65 Leptolinus, 65 Leptotrachelus, 21 Lesteva, 70 Loncoparyhuf", 63 Liehnuntbe, 133 Ligyrus, 145 Limoniiia, 170 LlMMCIIINI, 112 Limiiichua, 112 Limniu.o, 117 hiodernui, 75 Liparocej)halus, 66 Li.spimiH, 72 Listotrophua, 64 Listroelieliis, 139 Listrus, 193 T/targus, 105 Lithdchario, 66 liitoclirus, 81 Lnbetu?, 189 Loberus, 98 Lobiopa, 83 Lophogloasus, 27 lorieera, 7 LoiiirEuiNi, 7 Loxandrus, 27 Lncanidac, 119 Lucanus, 121 LUCANI.NI, 120 Lucidota, 184 LiicioLiNi, 184 Ludiu?, 108 Lutrocbua, 117 Lycini, 183 Lyctidac, 208 Lyctua, 209 Lycus, 183 Lymexylidac, 198 Lymexylon, 199 Lymnicum, 36 Lyrosomn, 50 L'tta, 273 Lyttini, 270, 271 Mncratria, 265 Maobatuiini, 265 Macrobasis, 272 MACnODACTYLINI, 136 Macrodactylus, 136 Macronychua, 117 Macrophyllini, 140 Macropogon, 178 Macbopogonini, 178 Macrosiagon, 276 Malachidae, 190 Malachini, 191 Miilachiua, 192 Mull lur ens, 188 Malthinus, 189 Malthodes, 189 Manticobini, 3 Marginus, 105 Matus, 41 Meoacephalini, 3 Megalopa, 68 Megapenthea, 166 Megarthrua, 71 INDKX. S8d Megnsternnm, 47 Mee;etra, 269 Melanactes, 172 Melandrya, 251 Mclandryidac, 247 Melandrvini, 218 Melnnophila, 153 Melanotus, 32, 170 Melasis, 160 Mklasini, 160 Meligethes, 83 Moloi'', 209 Mcloidac, 263 Meloini, 269 Melolontha, 140 Melolonthidae, 131 Mrlolontuini, 138 Melyria, ]93 MKHACANTniVl, 240 MBrneaiitlia, 241 Merinus, 230 Wetabletus, 23 Motoniiis, 157 Metkiini, 10 Motrins, 10 Mezium, 202 Micialymma, 70 Micrixys, 18 Microlipus, 192 Micropeplidae, 72 Micropeplus, 72 Microrhai?us, 161 Mierosehatia, 221 Microstemina, 54 Miciiitonus, 253 Miscodera, 29 Monoerepidiua, 168 DIonommidae, 246 Moiiotnina, 86 Monotomidac, 83 Mordella, 262 Mordcllidac, 260 MoKHEr.LiNi, 262 Mordellistena, 262 Morio, 19 MOHIONINI, 19 Monjchus, 111 ninrinidiidac, 73 Muriuidius, 73 Myas, 26 Mycetochares, 244 Mycetophag-idae, 104 Myoetophagus, 105 Myoetoporus, 63 Myctcridac, 253 MvcTEiiiNi, 254 Myoteruf", 254 Myllnona, 62 Myoditea, 277 Myoditini. 277 Myrmecochara, 61 Myrmedonia, 61 Nacerdes, 258 Narthecina, 95 Nausibiua, 94 Xeatus, 233 Nebria, 10 Necrobia, 198 Necrophilua, 50 Necrophoriis, 60 Nelites, 237 Netnatidinm, 01 Noinatodea, 161 Xematoplus, 204 NEMOaHATlIINI, 270 Neinogimtha, 271 Neraoaoma, 88 Nemotarsus, 23 NiCAGI.VI, J30 Nicagua, 130 Nicobium, 204 Niptua, 202 Nitidula, 83 Nitidnlidae, 81 NiTIDULINI, 83 Nomaretus, 10 NomophlcBus, 86 Noserus, 216 Nosodendridac, 110 Noaodendron, 110 Nosoderma, 216 Noaodes, 88 Noaaidiiim, 80 Nothodes, 171 Nothopua, 32 Nothus, 252 Notibiua, 227 Notiophilus, 10 Notoxus, 206 Nyctobatea, 230 Nyutopouini, 219 Nyetoporua, 219 Ochiiia, 178 OchodtDua, 127 Oohthebiiis, 45 Ocypua, 65 Onoc'ANTHim, 20 Odontaous, 128 Ocdemcridac, 253 Oodoatethua, 166 Oeatodea, 171 Olibrua, 81 Oligomeiua, 204 OlirithKrus, 71 Ologlyptus, 221 Olophrum, 70 Omalini, 70 Ouialium, 70 Omaloflcs, 77 Omelhea, 187 Omophron, 6 OlIOI'HBONINt, 8 Oinorgua, 131 Omosita, 83 Omus, 3 Onceuisi, 133 Oncerna, 134 Onitia, 120 Onthophiigua, 126 Onthopliilua, 76 Oochila, 220 Oodes, 29 Opatkini, 227 Opatrinus, 228 Opiitruin, 227 Opotiopalpua, 198 Oroheaia, 250 Orphilua, 109 Ohi'IInini, 127 Oraonyx, 138 Oithopleura, 197 Orthostethii", 108 OiivrTiM, 144 Osinoilerma, 149 Osoriua, 69 Othiua, 05 Othniidac, 102 Othniua, 103 OxylaMnua, 91 Oxypnda, 61 Oxyporus. 68 OXVTELINI, 68 Oxytelus, 69 Ozxnidae, 14 Oz.«jfiNi, 14 Ozognathua, 205 Paohyergua, 230 I'.*;i)EiMNi, 05 Picilerua, 06 I'alaminua, 06 Pallodea, 84 Panao,kini, 18 Panagicua, 19 Pang lis, 32 Parainecoaoma, 09 Paratenetua, 232 Parnidac, 114, 115 Paunini, 116 Paroinalua, 76 Pasirnachus, 13 Passalini, 121 Paasalua, 121 Passandridao, 94 Patrobua, 34 Pediaciia, 95 Pedilini, 203 Pedilophorua, 111 Pedilua, 264 PKniNiNi, 226 Pedinua, 212 Pelecotoma, 270 Peleeyphorua, 221 Polidnota, 142 Pe/onium, 198 Pelonomiis, 117 Peltastiea, 83 Pcltasticidae, 88 Pcltidac, 88 PeltiB, 88 284 INDEX. Pentnria, 2fi1 IVntiic, 249 I'oricompaus", 36 Perilypus, Hlfi PRUOTIIOPINI, 162 PorothopiJ, 102 Potaliutn, 204 Phalacridae, 80 Phnlacrus, 81 Phalerin, 2;i4 PlIALEKIINI, 234 Phnnnsus, 126 PhauBis, 184 Phelister, 17« Phellidius, 236 Phellopsis, 216 Phenf!;o(le=, 185 PlIBNQODlNI, 185 Phenolia, 83 PllII.BUUINI, 146 Phileurns, 146 Philhydrusi, 47 Philolles, 33 Philolilhus, 222 Philnnthup, fi5 Philophiiga, 24 Philotecnus, 24 Philoterme?, 01 Philothermiis, 92 Philoxylon, 205 Phlegon, Ifil PllLfKOCHAniNI, 71 PhUBodes. 21(1 I'hiflpopora, fil Plil(i>(>tr\'a. 2,"i0 Pholietus, 140 Phodagn, 274 Photiniis, 184 Photuris, 184 Phryganophilufi, 251 Phyconomu8, 8(5 Phyllobrenus, 197 Physeinus, 1 12 Phytosus, (U Picstidae, 73 Pinacodera, 24 Pinophilus, 66 Pio.ioma, 32 Pityobius. 170 Pityophagus, 84 Placusa, 61 Plastoi'krini, 172 Plastocerus, 174 Platycerus, 121 Platydema. 237 Platynus, 26 Ptdtysomn, 77 Platystethua, 69 Plegaderus, 77 Pleocoma, 128 Pleocomini, 128 Pleototnus, 184 Pleuridium, 91 Pleuropompha, 273 Pltipiotis, 142 PlouliiunuH, 23 PocailiiiB, 83 Pddabrus, 188 Pfccilonotn, 152 P(trilus, 26 POCONINI, 34 Pogonus, 34 PdlemiHS, 189 Pcilycaon, 208 Polyceata, 155 Polyincechus, 145 I'olypbmrus, 229 Pomphopcca, 273 Porrhodites, 70 Prateiis, 238 Priognatlma, 256 Priiinocyphon, 181 Prioceni, 196 Prion i/r/i IIS, 244 Pristoscolis, 193 Prognatha, 72 Promecognathini, II Promeeognathus, 11 Prometopin, 83 Prom us, 226 Protbalpiii, 251 Protkinini, 71 ProteiiHis, 71 Psainmodiiis, 127 Psclaphidae, 54, 56 PSEI.APIIINI, 66 Paelaphus, 57 Pscphcnidae, 115 Pseplienus, 115 PSEUDOMOUI'HINI 15 I'soudoinorphus, 15 il'swudophanus, 96 PsiliH'iiemus, 149 I'silopleni, 152 Psilopyga, 83 Psi/osri'lis, 77 PsoiNi, 208 Psydrus, 30 Ptinidae, 200, 201 Ptenidium, 80 Pteroloma, 50 Pterostichini, 25 Pterostiehus, 27 Pterotini, 185 Pterotus, 185 Ptilinini, 206 Ptilinus, 200 Ptilium, 80 Ptilodaotyla, 179 Ptilodactylini, 179 Ptinini, 202 Ptinodes, 204 PtinuB, 202 Ptosima, 155 Pycnomerini, 91 Pycnomerus, 91 Pyrochroidae, 266 Pyroohroa, 267 Pyrophonw, 171 Pyrulu, 273 Pythidae, 255 PvTniNi, 256 Pytho, 256 Quedius, 64 Remhn.1, 28 UllADAI.lNI, 194 Rhadalus, 194 Rhadine, 26 Rhngodera, 90 llhagonycha, 189 Hhexiu!), 57 Kliinosimua, 257 Rhipiceridac, 1 75 Uhipidandrua, 236 Rhipiphoridae, 275 Rnipipii'jRiNi, 276 RiiiPiDiiNi, 277 Rhipidiiis, 277 Rhizopertha, 208 llillZOPIIAGINI, 84 Rhizophagua, 85 Rhombodera, 25 Rhysaodes, 93 Rhyssodidac, 92 RUTBLINI, 141 Sacodes, 181 Salpingini, 257 Salpingits, 257 Sandal ua, 176 Siiprinua, 77 Scatopteriis, 192 Scaphidema, 237 Scaphidiidae, 78 Scaphidium, 79 Scaphistima, 79 Scaphium, 79 Scaptoleniis, 175 Scarabacidac, 121 S. laparosticti, 123 S. plcarosticti, 141 Scarites, 13 SCARITINI, 12 SCAURINI, 228 Schizogenius, 13 Schizopodidae, 176 Sehizopus, 177 Schizotus, 267 ScopsBua, 66 Scotobaenus, 230 Scraptia, 233 SCUAPTIINI, 253 Scydmasnidae, 53 Scydmosnua, 54 Soyrtes, 181 Selctiophonis, 33 Serica, 136 Skricini, 136 Sericoidini, 137 Sericosoinua, 171 INDEX. 285 Sorropalpua, 250 Sills, IHy Silpha, 50 Silphidae, 48 SiLl'UINI, 49 Simplocaria, 111 SlNODENDlUNI, 121 Sinoilendron, 121 Sinoxylon, 208 Sphiilera, 262 Speicheiis, 45 Sperohopsis, 47 Spii^.uidiini, 47 Sphajriilium, 47 Spliicrites, 50 Sl'll*l{ITlNI, 50 Pphoorodertna, 76 Sphteroinorphus, 129 Spilotu.i, 251 Spongopus, 32 Staphylinidae, 58, 50 STAPnvLININI, 63 Htatyra, 246 Stelidota, 83 Stenelmis, 117 Stenini, 66 Steiwchia, 244 Stenochiilus, 244 Stenooolus, 179 Stenolophus, 33 Stenomorphini, 30 Stenomorphus, 31 Stenosini, 217 Stenotrachelini, 252 Stenotriichelus, 252 Stenotrichus, 239 Steiwiis, 29 Stenus, 67 Stephanurha, 148 Stereopalpus, 201 Stigmatoina, 244 Stilicus, 66 Stilifiopsis, 66 Strategus, 146 Strigodernia, 142 Stronoyliini, 241 Strongylium, 241 Stylopidae, 277 f^tylops, 273 iSunius, 66 Sylvanidae, 94 S.vlvanus, 94 Syncalypta, 112 Synch ita, 90 PVNCHITINI, 90 Synchroa, 249 Syntomium, 69 Taehinua, 03 Tachvpouini, 62 Tacliyporus, 63 Tachys, 36 T'vchyusa, 61 Tanaops, 192 TnnarthruH, 266 TanyrhinuH, 257 Taphrocorus, 157 Tarsostenus, 196 Ti'grodera, 273 Tolephanidao, 96 TelephanuH, 96 Tolephoridac, 186 Tblephorini, 187 Telephorus, 188 Telmatopiumni, 93 Telmatophilufl, 98 Temnochila, 88 Tenebrio, 231 Tencbrionidao,210,223 Tenehrionini, 229 Tentyriidae, 212 Teretriu?, 77 Tetraoha, 3 Totragonoderng, 23 Tetraonyx, 273 Tetratoma, 248 Tetratomini, 248 Thalpius, 20 Thanasimti!!, 196 Thancroclerus, 196 Tharops, 160 Tharsus, 233 Thinouatini, 214 Thinopinus, 64 Throacidae, 157 Throsous, 158 Thyce, 140 Thymalus, 88 Tillua, 196 Tmesiphorua, 56 Toniarus, 99 Tomoderus, 266 Tomoxia, 262 Tostegoptera, 139 Toxidium, 79 Trachypachini, 8 Trachypachys, 8 Trachyscelini, 234 Trachysoeli.s, 234 Trechicus, 23 Trecrini, 34 Trechus, 35 Tribalufl, 76 Tribolium, 233 Tribrachys, 83 Triciiiini, 149 Trichiu.H, M9 Tnc/ior/in>ii.i, 193 TrichdiloH, 196 Tricliodiwiua, 204 Trichoptcryg-idao, 70 Tricbopteryx, 80 Tricrunia. 270 Trignnophoriis, 64 Triiniiini, 58 Trimylis, 214 Triordpliiis, 214 Triphyllus. 105 TuDiiisi, 131 Trogodoriiia, 108 Trogophlit'iiH, 59 Trogoflita, 88 TrofiTositidac, 86, 87 Trogoxylon, 209 Troioiiima, 251 Trox, 131 Trypherus, 189 Trypnpitys, 204 Tychus, 57 Tylistua, 203 Typhsea, 105 TyniH, 57 Tytthonyx, 189 Ulomn, 233 Ulomini, 232 Ulosonin, 233 Upia, 230 Valgus, 149 Xnntholinua, 65 Xenos, 278 Xestobium, 205 Xestonotus, 32 XylotinuB, 204 Xylitn, 251 Xylopmii.ixi, 265 Xylophiliis, 265 Xyloi)inus, 230 Xyloryetes, MO XylotrogHS, 209 Zenoa, 176 Zibira, 251 Zonitis, 271 ZopIIKRINI, 216 Zopberus, 216 Zophosis, 223 Zuphium, 20 * NOTE. The second part of this work will contain those families embraced in the divisions Tetramera and Trimera of the older authors ; in them, the penaltimate Joint of the tarsi is closely connate with the last joint, and forms merely an enlargement at the base of it. I am now preparing a synonymical list of the species of Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. For the purpose of rendering the work as com- plete as possible, it is very desirable that increased collections sliouM bo made in the western portions of the Continent, especially in Texas, New Mexico, and the regions west of the Rocky Mountains. I would therefore appeal to those who may be willing to make collections within the regions mentioned, to aid me in this work. Due credit shall be given in my pub- lications for the assistance received, and, when desired, the duplicates, properly named, shall bo returned to the persona collecting. Pages 1-208 were published in May, 1861; pages 209-278 in March, 1862. , J. L. LEG. ( 286 ) ■\^: ^,^^. 38 embraced in ; Jn tliem, the last joint, and ' Coleoptera of I work as com- ons should bo in Texas, New ould therefore in the regions 'n in my pub- le duplicates, 78 in March, J- L. LEG.