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1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

PLATE I.

^■'■n' Anil rtcan Rnt.terf.ic8.

C. J. M

A,

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE 1.

1. Papilio turnus. 2 Parnassius smintheus. 8. Neo-
phasia menapia. 4. Pieris rapae. 5. Nathalis iole.

MANUAL

OF

NORTH AMERICAN

BUTTERFLIES

BY

CHARLES J. MAYNARD.

ILLUSTRATED WITH TEN HAN]>COLORED PLATES, AND MANY WOODK^UTS.

BOSTON:

DE WOLFE, FISKE k CO.

1891.

'7

J?

Cop}Tight, 1891,

by

De Wolfe, Fiske& Co.

J Q, ^j/-

INTRODUCTION.

In bringing together for the first time, descriptions of all the species
of Butterflies which occur in North America, north of Mexico, I have
experienced considerable diflSculty. It has been impossible for me to
see specimens of some species, hence I have been obliged to compile
descriptions in quite a number of cases, and scattered as the literature
upon this subject is, through publications in this country and abroad,
the task has not been an easy one ; but as I have in the majority of species
consulted original descriptions, the compilation can be relied upon as
being correct.

As this book is intended for the use of the tyro as well as for the
advanced student, I have avoided the use of technical terms as far as
possible, reducing the various methods of descriptions to a uniform sys-
tem. Thus I trust that this work will be readily comprehended by every
one who desires to consult its pages, without first being obliged to learn
the peculiar applications which those who make the study of Butterflies
a specialty, have seen fit to give to the various parts of these insects.
Professional specialists are too apt to overlook the fact, that the average
student who wishes to know something of every class of animal about
him, has no time to learn a peculiar system of nomenclature with each;
while simple designations are intelligible alike to the amateur and pro-
fessional student.

I have, in every species, made the description as short as possible,
using, where I could do so, the comparative method, as being less con-
fusing. In order to facilitate identification, not only is a colored plate
given of one species of nearly all the genera, but wood cuts are given of
some portion of about two hundred and fifty species, illustrating some
peculiar character by which the insect may be known. Both plates and
wood cuts have, with a single exception, been drawn and engraved by
myself.

The arrangement given is that published by Mr. W. H. Edwards
in his catalogue of 1884. I have used it because I think it the most
likely to meet with the approval of the greater portion of entomologists

11

INTRODUCTION.

in America ; personally, however I think the arrangement of butter-
flies given in my Butterfliesof New England preferable. By the term
type, applied to the species figured in the plates, I simply mean that it
is the type selected by me for comparison, for one reason or another.

The description, unless otherwise stated, always applies to the male.
In regard to the stai'us of the species given, I have done little besides
follow Mr Edwards. I have made a few changes, and have added a few
species and sub-species to the list, but nothing essential. In this branch
of zoology, as well as in others, we find two classes of opinions regard-
ing what shall constitute a species ; the one being satisfied with minute
differences, the other looking for more prominent characters as means
of separation. Personally, I believe that in many cases, species are sep-
arated by closely drawn lines, this varying with different genera; that
is, some genera are more susceptible to change than others. I am also
inclined to think, that among these, as well as among other animals,
well defined species appear more quickly than is generally supposed, a
conclusion which I think is borne out by the history of the Cabbage But-
terfly in America, which, since its importation from Europe in 1857,
has produced several well marked forms which are looked upon by many
as sub-species.

In matter of nomenclature, I have used trinominals to designate sub-
species, and in one case, quadrinomials to designate a variety of sub-
species. This method is a clumsy one and must in the near future give
place to something more simple. We have arrived at a point in the study
of zoology where many of us see the necessity of carefully recording the
present status of species, sub-species, and even of more minute divisions
among animals, for the benefit of students of the coming generations,
hence we feel the want of some system of nomenclature different from
that now in use.

I have endeavored to give descriptions of all the species of Butter-
flies which have been taken within our limits, but as many new species
and sub-species have been described and added to the fauna since the
appearance of Mr. Edwards last catalogue, (18S4) and as the notices
of these are scattered through a variety of publications, it is possible
that some may have been omitted. Many species not given in the body
of the work have been given in the appendix, hence this should be con-
sulted if any given species cannot be found in the main portion of the
book.

I am much indebted to Mr. Edwards' excellent catalogue f )r greatly
facihtating my labors. I am also under obligations to Mr. Samuel

INTRODUCTION.

Ill

Henshaw, for his kindness in aiding me in the prosecution of my work;
Prof Edw. T. Owen and several other friends, to whom I have given due
credit in the work, have kindly loaned specimens.

Oh another page will be found a cut of a butterfly, with an accom-
panying explanation of the terms I have applied to the various parts.

C. J. Maynard.

Newtonville, Mass., May. 1891.

w

INTRODUCTION.

DIAGRAM SHOWING PARTS OF A BUTTERFLY.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURE.
Papilio cresphontes.
F, fore wing; II, hind wing ; A, antennae ; E, eye ; P, palpi ; t, tongue;
fl,fore leg; hi, hind legs ; b, body ; /.^ abdomen ; U, upper border fore
wing; Ap, apex; 0, outer border; L, lower border; V, upper vein; 1,
2, 3, its branches ; I, lower vein ; '1, '2, '3, its branches ; C, central cell;
Mv, marginal vein ; 'U, upper border hind wing, '0, outer border ; 'L
lower border ; L A., inner angle ; AU, upper angle ; M V., marginal vein ;
'V, upper vein ; "1, "2, "3, its branches: F, middle vein; '"1, "'2, "'3,
its branches ; LV , lower vein ; ch, central cell ; T, tail.

NORTH AMERICAN

BUTTERFLIES.

RHOPALOCERA. BUTTERFLIES.

Antennae, thread-like, terminating in a club-like ex-
pansion. Wings, at least the an::..h.ior, eijsvated when in
REPOSE. Flight, diurnal.

Although the four fiimilio'^ of scaly-winged msects
orrouped together under tiie abuve headirg, do not consti-
tute an absolutely natural division, all of our butterflies
may be distinguished by the fact th.it they possess a com-
bination of these characters. The antennae of moths are
often feather-like, (Fig. 1, b.) that is there are bristle-like
appendages to the joints of the antennae. [Sometimes they
are thread-like, ( ib. c ) but
are not enlarged at the ex-
tremity. Some species of ^ ^ \ jCZ
moths, however, possess an-
tennae that are enlarged to-
wards the extremity, nota-
bly the sphinges, ( ib. d ) but
these not only differ widely a bode

in structure from butterflies ^' <'l"*'*'«'l antennae of a butterfly ; B, feath-

. ' ereJ antennae of amoth; C, thread-like antennae

but the Wings are never el- of a moth; D, enlarged antennae of a sphinx; E,

,■11 11 • . . hind wing of a sphinx moth, showing hook, o,

evated wnen the insect is in enlarged at l.

repose ( Fig. 2 ). Besides, the sphinges and many other

Fig. 1.

i NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

moths possess a bristle-like expansion of the upper vein of
the hind wings, (Fig. 1, e) by which they are, in a measure,
caught to the front pair, a character never present in the
true butterflies. Again, most all butterflies undergo their
transformation from the larva to the perfect insect without
spinning any cocoons, like most other Lepidoptera, but
merely spin a button of silk to which they cling by little
hooks (Fig. 3). Lastly, butterflies are diurnal in habit,
moths, mainly nocturnal; that is, the first are active by
day and the latter by night.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 4.

Chrysalis of butterfly,
Agraulis vanilliie.

Butterfly with elevated wings,
Danais bereuice,

Couoon af moth,
Attacus prumethea.

Family I. PAPILIONIDAE. Swallow Butterflies.

Size, large or medium. Antennae, straight, with the club

BOUNDED AND PROMINENT, NEVER HOOKED. EyES, PROMINENT AND ROUND,
NOT NOTCHED. CENTRAL CELL OF FORE WINGS CLOSED BY A STRONG VEIN
(Plate I, 1). FORE LEGS AS COMPLETE AS THE TWO OTHER PAIRS. ( Plate

I, 1, shows a butterfly having six perfectly developed feet, and Fig. 2, on
this page, one with only four. )

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

8

GENUS I. PAPILIO.
SWALLOW-TAILED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, large. Club of antennae, rounded. Seconda-
ries, scalloped, and provided with prominent tails. Type
P. TuRNUs(PlateI, 1).

This family is divided by most authors into two sub-
families, Papilioninae and Pierinae. The first containing
only the genus Papilio, see Plate I, 1, and the second sev-
eral i^enera, which do not have tails to the hind wings, but
which have the inner margin of these wings bent so as to
form grooves which enclose the abdomen when the wings
are elevated, see Plate I, 2.

1. PAPILIO AJAX Linn.

Green-banded Swallow-tail.

Size, medium. Tails, long and slender, without terminal enlarge-
ment, Fig. 5, a. Above, brownish black with bands of greenish, one of
which crosses both wings near the base ; outside this is a second band,
divided near the upper margin ; both of these bands are suffused into
particles near the lower angle of the hind wing. Outside these are two
shorter bands on fore wing, and a long one follows the margin, becom-
ing pointed below, and replaced on the hind wing by a series of crescent
shaped spots Near inner angle of hind wing are two scarlet spots. Be-
neath paler, markings similar, but with a narrow, greenish white line
between the two long bands, outside of which, on hind wings, is a broad
band of scarlet. The two spots near inner angle are lined above with
greenish white, and there is a spot of whitish below the outer, and be-
low this two bluish crescents. Tail, margined with whitish but is with-
out central spot. Expanse, 2.00 to 3.50.

Habitat, Eastern U. S. from Penn., south, thence south-west to
Texas, occasionally north to Hamilton, Ont.

Through the indefatigable efforts of Mr. W. II. Edwards, much light
has been thrown upon the exceedingly complicated phases of coloration
which individuals of this species assume. This is due, as Mr. Edwards
has conclusively shown, to the effects of cold upon the pupa ; hence the
forms are regulated by the seasons. Formally, these phases of colora-

4

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

tion were looked upon as evidence of specific rank, and the butterflies
possessing them were considered distinct species. None of them, how-
ever, indicate even the presagement of a species, excepting perhaps
abbotii, as noted below.

Walshii Edw, is a winter form of medium size, with light areas
as described, but the red spots on posterior angle of secondaries are
fused together, and the tails are of moderate length, white tipped only,
Fig. 5, d.

la. Papilio ajax abbotii Edw., which appears to be a valid sub-
species, owing its parentage always, however, to walshii, is similar to it
in form b\ t has a crimson streak on the secondaries above, outside of the
lower portion of the outer of the two black bands that cross both wings.

Telamonides Feld. is similar in bandings to walshii, but the size
is a little larger, the dark areas are more extended, the red spots are
usually either partly or wholly separated, the tails are long with the
white tipping extending up on the sides. Fig. 5, a. This is also a winter
form and stands intermediate between walshii and the next.

Marcellus Bd. isthe summer form, derived from both the others,
walshii and telamonides, hence ought to be, perhaps, regarded as typi-
cal ajax. It is larger and darker than the others, the marginal banding
on the secondaries being so extended as to nearly obscure the upper and
lower greenish crescent. The red spots have either become reduced to
one, or the outer is represented by a mere point, and the tails are greatly
elongated with the whitish margin extending their entire length, Fig o, b.

Walshii appears in March and disappears about the first of June.
Telamonides appears in April and disappears the last of June. About
June first marcellus appears, remaining until the last of October. Al-
though as far south as Florida, the main broods appear about the same
time, some specimens are found a little earlier and fly a little later.

2. PAPILIO PHILENOR Linn.

Orange-banded Swallow-tail.

Size, medium. Tails, short, not enlarged terminally, Fig. o, e. Above
brownish black, with a greenish metallic luster. Sub-marginal row of
spots on hind wing and sometimes on primaries, yellowish. Beneath,
these markings are repeated but enlarged greatly on the hind wings,
and there is an additional spot on the upper and lower margins, while
all are partly orange. The body has a line of yellow spots along sides.
There is also a marginal line of yellow spots on the hind wing, and the
outer two-thirds is metallic greenish. Expanse, 3.55 to 3.80.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

5

Habitat, U. S., excepting N. Eng. north of Mass.; also Ont.
Occurs in the north in June and July; in the south from May un-
til November.

3. PAPILIO MACHAON Linn.

Swallow-tail.

General coloration similar to the type, P. turnus, but the first dark
band above that crosses both wings is wanting, this being replaced on
the fore wings by a dusky patch that occupies the basal portion of the
wing ; the second inner band is shorter and does not cross the central
cell. On the secondaries the upper and lower sub-marginal spots are
yellow, not orange, and the marginal black band is widened and enclos-
es a greater area of blue fields, these not only crossing the wing but also
extending into the wide black marginal band on the primaries. The
orange spot on posterior margin of secondaries is larger, not marginal,
and has a narrow black line across its base which has the bulb scarcely

Fig. T).

Tails iuul inner angle of some of the genus Pa.iilio, a, telamonides; b, inurueUuB; c, nitra;
d, walshii: e, pliilenor: f, machaon: g, orogonia.

enlarged. Finally, the tails arc narrow, not enlarged terminally, Fig, 5, f.
Below paler than above but with the markings repeated, but the triang-
ular orange markings seen on the hind wings of P. turnus, inside the
sub-marginal bands, are only slightly indicated. The light areas are
larger than above. Expanse from S.of to 4.50.

Ha])itat. Europe. Asia, and as some entomologists affirm, it is found
in Western North America, from California, northward. Most authors
appear to think that only the f )llowlng sub-species is found un our side
of the Pacific, and some regard oregonia as a sub-s^iecies of macliaon.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

3a. Papilio machaon aliaska Scud. Similar to P. machaon, but
the hind margins to the hind -vvings are decidedly convex, the black is
darker, less dusted with yellow scales, and there are decided black edg-
ings to the veinings. Habitat, Western North America, from Oregon,
northward, through British America, into Alaska.

4. PAPILIO OREGONIA Edw
Oregon Swallow-tail.

Similar to P. machaon but larger with the yellow areas narrow, the
Avings narrower and more produced, the black borders of hind wings
broader, the tails longer, and the central spot in the orange area on inner
angle of hind wing is more central, and has a decided bulb at its extrem-
ity. Fig. 5, g. Expands from 3.00 to 4.00.

Habitat, Oregon, Washington Territory, and Vancouver's Island.

5. PAPILIO ZOLICAON Bd.

Black and Yellow Swallow-tail.

Similar to P. machaon but differs in being smaller, the yellow is
darker, being rather more orange, the dark areas are darker, especially
at the base of the fore wings, and above all the black center to the or-
ange on secondaries is oval and completely isolated. Fig. 0, e. Margin-
al spots on lower side of hind wings, orange. Expands 3.00 to o.2o.

Habitat, Oregon to Arizona ; Montana ; Colorado.

G. PAPILIO AMERICUS Koll.
Arizona Swallow-tail.

Similar to P. machaon in general coloration but with a black cen-
ter in the orange spot on the upper surface of secondaries ; sides of body
spotted as in P. asterias, instead of being lined as in P. zolicaon. The
marginal spots on the hind wings below are orange as in asterias, as are
also the spots constituting the central band of the under fore wings.
Expands about 3.00. Habitat, Arizona.

7. PAPILIO NITRA Edw.
Pale Swallow-tail.
S?ze, small; tails of medium length and not expanded at tip. Fig.5, c.
Above, black, with a sub-marginal band of oval spots on both wings
and a broad central band on both wings, widest on the fore wings, in-
terrupted at the veins, and a triangular spot within this on tlie fore wings,
all of yellow rather paler tlian in P. tunins. Between these two bands

NOKTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. 7

on the hind wings is a band of pale bluish, On the inner angle is a pale
orange spot inclosing an oval, bkck center. Beneath, the markings are
repeated but all of the colors are paler, the black areas being dusted with
yellow scales, especially in the central cell of the hind wings. Expands
about 3.00. Habitat, Montana.

8. PAPILIO INDRA Reak
Indra Swallow-tail

Size, small, with the tails extremely short, 1^ ig. (>, d. The black pre-
dominates and the general pattern of coloration is similar to that of P.
asterias, but the inner band of yellow spots is more extended, these
greatly exceeding the outer in width ; on the hind wings are continu-
ous or interrupted only by the narrow veinings ; on the other hand, the
blue spotting between the two bands is confined to the hind wings, and
is much restricted even here. The orange spot is large, surrounding
an oval center. There is an additional dot of yellow in the central cell
of the fore wing, and a black dot in the second of the yellow spots of the
inner band on the fore wings, near the upper margin. Beneath, the
markings are repeated but, unlike asterias, only the upper and lower
spots of the outer band of crescents are orange, and there are only slight
traces of it on the outer portion of the inner band. The spottings on
the sides of the abdomen are absent or are represented by a dot at the
extremity. Expands 3.00.

Habitat, the mountains of Colorado, Nevada, and California.

Fig. G.

p^mmw

a

e

Tails and inner angle of some of the genus rapilio; a, balrdii, b, asterias, c, brevicauda, d, in-
dra. e, zolicaon.

!). PAPILIO PERGAMUS II. Edw.

California Swallow-tail.

Similar to P. indra but with the light band on hind wings wider

and the spot on the inner angle is simply surmounted with orange, not

surrounded by it; but the tail is longer, being equal to that of asterias.

Expands 3.20. Habitat, Southern California.

w

8

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

.; ' •

! «

10. PAPILIO BREVICAUDA Saund.
Short-tailed Swallow-tail.

Similar to P. indra but the inner band of yellow spots are more re-
stricted, are more or less tinged with orange on the lower surface in the
male and on both surfaces in the female, while on the lower surface of
the hind wings in both sexes, the outer band of crescent shaped spots
are also tingd with orange ; the orange spot on the inner angle of hind
wings occupies only the upper two thirds of the light area, the lower be-
ing yellow, and the central dot is small, while the tail is longer, Fig. 6,
c. The body is spotted as in asterias. Expands 3,00 to 3.52.

Habitat, Newfoundland, Anticosti, Labrador, and Quebec. Oc-
curs in June.

11. PAPILIO BAIRDII Edw.
Baird's Butterfly.

Similar in form and size to P. asterias, but the male differs above
in having the inner row of yellow spots which cross both wings expand-
ed into a wide, continuous band as in indra and brevicauda, interrupted
only at the veins. Beneath, this band is slightly tinged with orange on
the hind wings but there is no orange whatever on the outer band. The
]»lue band is more restricted both above and below, and the interspace
between the two liglit bands toward the upper border of the fore wings
is dusted with yell^Av scales, The tail and orange spot with its black
center closely approximathig the black of the inner side are much as in
asterias. Fig. 6, b, Female scarcely differs from that of asterias above,
but may be recognized by the absence of orange on the outer band of
yellow spots on the hind wings, and there is but a slight tinting of this
on the inner band. Expands 3.(X) to 4.00. Habitat, Arizona.

12. PAPILIO ASTERIAS Fab.
Black Swallow-tail.
Above, black with two rows of yellow spots crossing both wings,
between these on the hind wings is a rather wide band of blue and the
lowermost spots on the fore wings of the inner band are blue. Within
the bands near the apex of fore wings are two small spots, and at the
outer extremity of the central cell a transverse band of yellow. There
is a spot on the hnier angle of the Innd wings, orange above, yellow be-
low, inclosing a black center: Fig. G, b. Beneath, the markings are re-
peated with the yell(jw spottings enlarged, the lowermost on the inner
band of fore, and buth rows on hind Avings are overv.ashed with orange.

4

M

NORTH AMERICAN Bl'TTERFLIES. d

Body, black, spotted on sides -with yellow. Female, similar, but Avith
only one mw of spots crossin;^ the primaries above. Expands 3.0."> to
4.10. Habitat, United States generally, also Ontario and Quebec

Occurs from April until November in Florida, and from J une until
September in Mass.

12a. Papilio asterias astkroide? Reak. Similar to P. asterias;
differs in having the inner row of yellow spots on the fore wings nearly
obscured, excepting the spot on the loAver margin Avhich is considerably
elongated. The inner row of yellow spots on the hind wings is also
much obscured, and the blue band is broken up into small, round spots.
Beneath, there is a row of large orange sjjots on the fore wings.

Calverleyi Gro. Male, with basal two-thirds of fore wing and
basal one-third of hind wings, black without markings ; a narrow bor-

Fig. 7.

rapilio turnus, upper side.

der on both wings is also black, but the interspace is yellow, becoming
orange tinted on the hind wings, and there is a decided orange patch
on the inner angle of hind wings without a black center. Beneath,
smnlar, but tlic li,L;ht interspace is Avholly orange, interrupted only by
narrow lines of yellow along the veins. Female, similar, but with a
narrow transverse line of yellow en ssing the outer end of the central
cell on the fore wings ; the yellow of the h ind wingsis strongly tinged
with orange and the orange spot on the inner angle has a black center,
beneath, there is an additional transverse line in the central cell of the

.(

1

1

it

^

il '

1! ;

1

1

10

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

fore wings also yellow, and the line at the end of the cell is prolonged
along the vein inwardly. This singular butterfly of which only two
specimens are known, (one taken on Long Island in August, 18G3, by
Mr. Louis Fischer, and the other near Enterprise, Florida, in April,
1809, by Mr. T. L Mead,) Mr. W. II. Edwards considers only as an
aberrant form of asterias with the colors suffused to an extreme degree.
(See remarks under head of Suffusion in the introduction.) I am in-
clined, however, to look upon it as an example of reversion toward some
unknown ancestor.

V\. PAPILIO TROILUS Linn.

Green-si'Otted Swallow-tail.

Similar tu P. asterias, but differs in having - '^thcr shorter

and wider, Fig. S, d ; in the absence of the inner band oi ^^ n upper
side of the hind whigs, this being represented by orange-washeu o^ots,
one on the upper border and the other at the inner angle, this being
without the black center ; and in the band above on the hind wing us-
ually being green instead of blue. Ijcneath, there are only six orange
tinted spots on tlie inner band (ju hind wings, the third one from the
lower margin being omitted and is replaced by an arrow shaped mark
of somewhat defused, greenish scales.

Habitat, Atlantic States from Mass., southward, and also the West-
cm States. Occurs in April in Florida and disappears in November;
in Mass., appears in June and disappears in September.

14. PAPILIO PALAMEDES Dru.
Broad-winged Swallow-tail.

Wings, proportionally short and broad, Avith the tails broad and
somewhat expanded terminally. Fig. 8, a. Above, dark reddish brown,
with two rows of yellow spots crossing both wings, the outer of which
are oval on the fore wing, but crescent-shaped on the hind wing ; the
upper on the fore wings are placed out of line the width of the spot
nearer the outer border; in this row on the fore wings they are trian-
gular, inclined to be crescent-sliapcd, but near the lower border andju
the hind wings they arc fused into a continuous band. Within these
bands, near the upper border of the fore Avings, is a triangular spot, and
there is a dash crossing the central cell near the outer portion. In the
inner angle of the hind Avings is a black spot, enclosing a bluish cres-
cent, and above and below it are orange edgings. Between the two
light bands on the hind Avings are obscure spots of blue, surrounded by

NORTH AMEUICAN BUTTERFLIES.

11

more or less scales of yellow. There is a line of yellow in the center of
the tails. Beneath, the markings are repeated, but larger on the fore
wings, and on the hind wings they are more or less o\'erwashed with
orange ; on this wing, between the two bands, in the middle of the space
between tlie veins, are dark patches, on the inner side of which are spots
of blue scales, followed outwardly by a dusting of greenish-yellow scales.
On the base of the hind wing, nearly parallel with the lower edge, is a
line of yellowish, (Fig. 8, e) that is also more faintly indicated on the
base of fure wing. There are two lines of yellowish on the sides of the
body. Expands 3.90 to -i.Zo. Habitat, the Gulf States and north to
Virginia. Appears in March, disappears in November.

Fig. 8.

a b c d

Wings ami tails of some of tho gciuis P.ipilio. a, right hind wing of pUamedes, lower side; b,
right fore wing of eurymcdon, upper sido;c,tiiilorsamc species; il, left hind wing of troilus, low-
er sidu.

15. PAPILIO TURNUS Linx.

Yellow Swalloav-tail.
Plate I, 1, lower side of male ; Fig. G, upper side of same.

Size, medium. Tails, two, slightly enlarged terminally, Above,
lemon yellow, with both wings margined all around, excepting on the
lower border of the fore, and upper border of hind wings, with black.
This margin is widest on the outer border of the wings, and here con-
tains a band of yellow spots, which are oval on the fore wings and cres-
cent-shaped on the hind, where the upper and lower spots are orange.

There is an orange spot on the inner angle of the hind wing, with-
out a black center, above and below which is a blue spot. There are
black bands on the wings as follows : one near the base crossing bi3th
wings, one outside of this on the fore wings joined to another outside,
and between this and the marginal band is a shorter one. Beneath,

12

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTEllFLIES.

f

I

Naples yellow, and these bands are repeated, but the outer marginal
arc more or less dusted with yellowish, and the upper four yellow spots
on the liind wings are overwashed with orange ; inside this band, still
in the black margin, is a band of bluish spots, against the lower three
of which, on the inside, are orange spots. The sides of the body are
striped with yellow.

Habitat, Eastern U. S. to the Mississippi Valley, thence south-
west to Texas, north into British America to Alaska,, also Ontario, (Que-
bec and Newfoundland. Flies in Florida from Ai)ril until November;
in New England from June until September.

In Florida, both sexes of specimens of this species which I have
seen, are very dark in color, the yellow being decidedly ochraceous of
the same shade as in P. cresphontes ; the bandings are heavy, ami the
ujiper surface of the hind wings lacks the sub-marginal bandings of blue
spots almost entirely; showing that this is not an approach toglaucus.
On the other hand, in northern Mass. the reverse is the case, the yellow
lieing paler and the bandings comparatively narrow, with the blue well
indicated.

Glaucus Linn. Melanotic female. This is a black form in which
the pale markings in the outer margin remain as in the type, and the
blue markings arc more extended, but the remainder of the wings is
more or less blackened; occurs from New York, southward and westward.

in. PAPILIO EURYMEDON Bd.
Pale Yellow Sw^allow-tail.
Similar to P. turnus in size, form, and general markings, but the
tails are rather more slender, the yellow of the ground color is very pale,
often nearly white beneath, but the dark bandings are fully as black as
in turnus, and only the two lower of the yellow marginal crescents in
the hind wings are tinged with orange, while there is no orange within
the blue band. The marginal band of yellow spots below, on the fore
wings are fused together, making a continuous band, interrupted only
by the narrow veinings. The bandings arc wider above and below. Fig.
8, b. The larvae appear to differ somewhat from those of turnus. Ex-
pands 3.50 to 4.00.

17. PAPILIO RUTULUS Bd.

Western Yellow Swallow-tail.
Form and size of P. turnus and the markings are about the same;
the color, however, is deeper, being almost as dark as that of the Florida

NOllTII AMERICAN lilTTERFUES.

13

examples of turnus of which I have spoken, but the blue banding is
usually indicated. Beneath there is no orange on the hind wings, ex-
cepting on the spots near inner angle, and the yellow marginal band on
the fore wings is not only continuous, but is somewhat widened at the
upper bi.rdcr, Fig. J), b. And the spot constituting the outer of the fjur
bands, near apex of fore wing, above and below, js not only much restricted
but does not contain a light center: compare Fig. !), b, with Plate I, 1.
Expands ;i'»0 to 4:.'2i'). Habitat, Pacific States, British Columbia and
from Montana to Arizona.

17a. Papilio rutulus arizonensis Edw. Similar to I*, rutulua
but the fore wings are not as pointed ; the tails are not as long and curve
inward. Fig, 10, a, and the bandings are more extended and darker.
Habitat, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado.

17b. Papiijo RUTULUS AMMONi Behrons. General color of wings,
above and below, deep, but rather dull, orange, and all the markings
above are more distinct than in the normal form. Habitat, Nevada.

a b c d

rortions of wings of members of the Renus Piip.lio. a, inner angle, upper side, hind wing,
polydamas; b, apex of fore wing, lower side, rutulus; c, tails of i)iluuiiius; il. tails of UaunuB.

18. PAPILIO DAUNUS Bd.
Three Tailed Swallow-tail.

Size and general form of P. turnus but with the fore wings more
pointed, and the hind wings deeply indented and provided with three
tails. Fig. M, d. The color is the same ochreous yellow seen in Florida
specimens of turnus but there is no orange tinting on the marginal
spots of the hind wings, excepting a slight overwashing on the lower-
most. Beneath, this overwashing is also apparent but extends to a lim-
ited area in front of the blue band. Exjiands 4.(X) to -t.oO.

Habitat, Arizona to Montana, Utah, jSevada, Oregon, and Mexico.

u

NORTH AMERICAIV LLTTEKFUES.

19. PAPILIO PILUMNUS Bd.

Broad-handed Swallow-tail.

Size and j^eneral form of P. turnus but with tiio three tails of dau-
nus, F'ig. !>, c, and the colors are much as in that siiecies, hut there is
one less bar on the fore wings, caused evidently by the fusing of the
divided second band; in fact, all of the black markings are greatly wid-
ened. The orange spot on inner angle of hind wing above is extended
into the next outer cell, and all the marginal spots a.ho\Q on this wing
are tinted with it; the orange inside the blue band is also more extended
Expands 0.8O to 4.."i(). Habitat, Arizona and Mexico.

20. PAPILIO CRESPHONTES Cram.
Yellow-banded Swallow-tail.

Size, large. Tails, long and enlarged terminally enclosing a yel-
low spot, Fig. 10, c. Above, dark velvety brown with a band of ochre-
ous yellow spots crossing the wing from apex of fore to base of hind ;
another crosses from upper border of fore to inner angle of hind, thus
the two on the fore wing form a kind of cross. On inner angle of hind
wing is a yellow spot, overwashed with orange, and above it is a bluish
crescent. Beneath, these bandings become so greatly enlarged that the
dark area is reduced to a central band, a marginal band, and a band
and some rather defused lines in the central cell of the fore wings, the
base of the hind wing is thus wholly yellow. The black band on hind
wings encloses a blue band. There is an isolated spot of black in the
termination of the central cell on a line with the black band, and the
two upper branches of the middle vein are two orange spots. Fig. 10, c.
Body, yellow, with dark line down back. Expands 5.3o to o.oO. Hab-
itat from Mass., where it is rare, to Fla., and in about the same range
west; has been taken in Ontario, Quebec, and St. Johns, N. B.

L>1. PAPILIO THOAS Linn.
TiiOAS Swallow-tail,

Size, about that of P. cresphontes but the fore wings are longer and
more pointed, and the tails are longer. Fig. 10, b ; color, similar, but
there is an isolated spot of yellow on the lower side of the outer third
of the central cell of fore Avings above. This is repeated below but larg-
er, and the dark lines in the cell are sharply defined. On the hind wing
below, the orange spots in the center of the wing are restricted, but the
black band is widened inwardly, so as to include the enlarged, black.

!J_

Is of (lau-
t there is
ng of the
atly wid-
extended
his wing
extended

ig a yel-
)f ochre-
of hind;
nd, thus
) of hind
a bluish
that the
i a band
ngs, the
on hind
<■ in the
and the
g. 10,0.
Hab-
e range

gev and
ar, but
r third
it larg-
d wing
mt the
black,

f!,- ~~\U'

!

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE 11.

1. Anthocharis genutia. 2. Callidryas eubule. 3. Kri-
cogonia Ijside. 4. Colias pliilodice. o. Tcrias lisa.

i iil

»

I 1

^I : l:

I i

I

-i

PLATK 11.

8

Kri-

t

p^^f-\ \\ ij /

Noitli Amnriciin Iliittertties.

5

C J M

h

1 1

y

' ■'/.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

15

scarcely isulated sjiot in the central cell, in its line, Fig. 10, b. Ex-
pands o.OO. Habitat, Southern Arizona, Texas, and probably Florida.

22. PAPILIO POLYDAMAS Linn.
Red-spotted Black Butterfly.

Size, medium. Tails, absent, but the posterior margin of the hind
•wings are quite deeply indented, Fig. 9, a. Above, dark brown with
a greenish luster to the hind wings. A band of dull orange spots begins
on the middle of the fore wings, extending to the lower margin, thence
on to the hind wings, where it becomes continuous and reaches to the
inner angle which is without a black spot. Beneath, darker, with a sub-
marginal row of seven red spots on the hind wings, and with the orange
spots repeated on the fore wings. Body, black, with a narrow orange
stripe on side and orange spots on collar. Expands about o..iiO.

Habitat, Cuba, Mexico, and occasionally Florida.

Fig. 10.

a b c

niii3t\!\t!iiK the genus Paiiilio. a, arizonenaiB, t:iil, U, thons, lelt hiiul wiii^', loworside; c, crus-
phontes, snnio.

GENUS II. PARNASSIUS.

MOUNTAIN BUTTERFLIES.

Size, mediimi. Antennae, rounded, with club short.
Wings, short and rounded, portions l^'ing semi-transparent;
secondaries without tails or scalloi)S. Colors, white or yel-
lowish-wliite, conspicuously marked with spots of red or
orange, usually with the formei'. Female, provided with
a corneous appendage in the form of a pouch, situated on

Wi'i

T

!!

1^

I ^

16

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

the under side of the abdomen, Fig. 13, a. Typk, P. smin-
TiiEUS. ( Plate 1, 2. )

2a. PAllNASSIUS CLODIUS Men.

Four spotted Mountain Butterfly.

Plate I, 2, lower side, female.

Male, Avith outer half uf fure "wings semi-transparent ; above, creamy
■white ; fore wings margined on outer, uiipcr, and basal edges with dusky.
A band of dusky nearly crosses the Aving sub-terminally, and within is
one much shurter, and two darker bands cross the central cell, one at the
outer end and the other midway. Hind wings have the base and inner
edge, blackish and there is a black-ringed red spot on the upper margin
and another one, often represented by a ,aere black point, near the mid-
dle uf the wing. Beneath, ratlier darker, with the bandings and spots
repeated, but the latter visually are white-pupiled, as thoy also are oc-
casiunally above. Female, similar with bandings above more conspicu-
ous, the second within the margin on fore wings, being nearly as long as
the first. The outer three-fuurths of the fore wings are semi-transparent.
The hind wings have an additional band of sub-mai'ginal dusky crescents;
the red s^tots are greatly enlarged, white-pupiled, and below there are
three ur four additional red spots at the base of the wing, also a fused,
double crescent-shaped spot on the inner angle, all black-ringed and white
pupiled; these extra sputtings are sometimes faintly indicated in the
male. Pouch, large and white; Exi)ands from 2.40 to o.oO.

Habitat, California, Utah, Nevada, and ^Montana. Occurs in July
and August.

2;]a. Parnassius clodius menetriesii. Edw. Differs from typ-
ical 1'. clodius, in being smaller and in having all of the dark markings
on fore wings paler; on the other hand, the hind wings are comparatively
more deejtly edged with black. The red spots are very small and pale
often becoming simply pale pink or orange, but are always black-ringed.
Beneath, yellower than above but there is no red spot on the inner an-
gle. In the female, the colors arc also pale and the inner angle of hind
whig (piite without red spots. Exitands 2.2.") to 2.o().

24. PARNASSIUS SMINTIIEUS Dourl.

Ekjiit-spotted Mountain Butterfly.

Differs from P. clodius in being wliitc above, faintly tinted in female
only, with creamy; in having the marghial band of fore wings broken

NORTH AMERICAN RriTERFLIES.

17

E, P. SMIN-

ove, creamy
with dusky,
id vitliin is
1, one at the
3 and inner
>per margin
lar the mid-
s and spots
also are oc-
e conspicu-
) as long as
I'ansparent.
r crescents;
r there are
so a fused,

I and white
ted in the

irs in July

from typ-
; markings
paratively

II and pale
ck-ringed.

inner an-
1g of hind

■with a series of triangular white spots and the bands of central cell are
■wider and darker ; and there are some black-edged, red spots, three in
the female and occasionally also in tlie male, though sometimes all are
■wanting in the male, in the second siuirt, dusky bund without the cen-
tral cell, Fig. lo, c. In the female, there is an extra black-ringed, red
spot in this band near lower margin of wing, often present in male also.
BcloAv, the crimson spots are repeated and there are in both sexes, three
or four black spots at the base of the hind wings, crimson-centered in
the females and often in the males. There are two unfused red spots
( m inner angle of female, frequently represented by one in males. Pouch
of female, black; Fig. 13, a. Expands l.SO to 2.50.

Habitat, Rocky Mountains, Colorado to iSIontana, New INIexico, and
Mt. Bradley, California. Occurs in June, July, and August.

2-la. Parxassius smixtiieus beiirii Edw. Similar to typical P.
smintheus, but differs in having the sub-marginal band on both Avings
much heavier, and in having tlie spottings always orange in the male»
and frequently so in the female. Habitat. Nevada and Utah.

Fig. 13.

in female
gs broken

a

Tniistratiiii.'Uief;oiius ran; ass! us. a. abiloniitial i.oiichof fenialo pmiiitlinus, cnlarj;cxl; d.riiflit
foro wini.', nipper siilcofclodiiis; c, satiio of smiutlieiis; b, same of cverBmaniiii.

2-tb. Parxassius smixtiieus iiermodur II. Edw. Much darker
on fore wings than the type, the whole upper surface being strongly
tinged with suK'ky. "uearly obscuring the dark bars, otherwise quite sim-
ilar to the type firm. Expands about 2.;i(». Habitat, Colorado, Mon-
tana, and British America.

2:,. PARNASSIUS NOMION Fiscii.
Alaskian Mountain Butterfly.
Differs from P. clodius in having the marginal dusky band on the
wings interrupted by a marginal band of white spots as in P. smintheus,
but the second inner band between the outer and the central cell is want-
ing, being represented by two dark spots, the up|ier of which contains a

'18

NORTU AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

crimson centre. There is a fused, double black spot on the inner angle
of hind -vving that contains two minute red spots. Expands, about 3.25.
Habitat, Alaska.

2G. PARNASSIUS EVERSMANNI.

Eversmann's Mountain Butterfly.

Differs from all other species of this genus which occur Avith us, in
being deep orange yellow, markings most nearly resemble those of P.
clodius but differ in having tlie second band within the marginal on fore
wing longer than the first, completely crossing the Aving, and there is an
indication of an extra bar near base. Fig. lo, b. Beneath, the two red
spots seen on the hind wings above are repeated with a white centre,
but those at the base of the wing are fused into a nearly continuous
patch. The black bar on the inner angle contains a nearly fused, dou-
ble spot with a white centre. Expands about 2.50. Habitat, Alaska
and Siberia.

2(!a. Parxassius eversmanxi thor H. Edw. Differs from the
type in being white instead of yellow, the black on the base of the fore
win^s is broader and the bands arc wider. The red sj^ots are more nu-
merous, larger and darker. Exi)ands 2.10. Habitat, Alaska and Si-
beria. This and the type form are exceedingly rare.

GENUS ITT. NEOPIIASIA.
I3LACI>: AND WHITE BUTTERFLIES.

Size, mediitm. Color.*!, white rather conspicuously
marked Avilli hlack. Wings, very thin. Head, thoraxj and
body, slender. Tyi'E, N. mexapia. ( Plate I, 3. )

27. NEOPIIASIA MENAPIA Feld.
PiXKisn Butterfly.

Pinkish-white, with upper margin of fore wings, nari'owly, and up-
per half of outer margin more widely, edged with l)lack. There is a sp )t
from the upjior border crossing the end of the central cell, and the outer
margin encloses five oval white spots. Body, black. Beneath, these
markings are repeated but rather more restricted, and there is a narrow
sub-marginal band of dusky on tlie Iiind wings, and the veins arc nar-
rowly margined with it. Body, black. Expands 2.0i) to 2.20.

Habitat, California, Oregon, Washington Territory. Vancouver's
I land, and Colorado.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

la

Neopha menapia suffusa Stretch. Similar to typical N. men-
apia but with the markings more extended and rather more white in
ground color. There is an interrupted marginal band of red on hind
wing of female, and a small, elongated patch on the same wing of male.

GENUS IV. PIERIS.

WHITE BUTTERFLIES.

Size, small to medium. Colors, white or pale yellow-
ish with dull black markings. Antennae, longer than one
half the length of the body, and the club is rather suddenly
enlarged. Fore wings long and pointed, hind wings rather
long but rounded and tailless ; neither pair are especially
thin. Body and thorax not as slender as in Neophasia.
Type, P. rafae. (Plate I, 4.)

2S. PIERIS AMARYLLIS Fab.
Texan White Butterfly.

Size, about that of P. ilaire. Color throughout, dull white with a
series of dusky crescent-shaped spots on the outer margin of fore wing.
Habitat, Southern Texas and Mexico.

29. PIERIS ILAIRE Godt.
Florida Cabbage Butterfly.

Above, dull greenish white, with extreme upper border of fore wings
dusky, this narroAvs to a mere line in the middle and widens on base and
apex, Fig. 11, f. There is a serrated margin of dusky on the outer bor-
der, widest above and narrowest below, but not reaching the lower bor-
der. The hind wings are without markings. Beneath the markings
above arc not repeated but the apex of fore wings and the whole surface
of the hind wings are strongly tinged with ocherous yellow. There is a
point of orange at base of hind wings and an orange collar. Expands 2.25
to o.OO. Habitat, Central and Southern Florida.

80. PIERIS J^IONUSTE Linn.
Larger Cabbage Butterfly.
Similar to P. ilaire but diifers in being larger, with the black on
the fore wings more extended, covering the outer f jurth of wing at apex,

T

20

NORTH AMERICAN 13UTTERFUES.

and the hind wings have a line of dusky, triangular spots on the outer
border. Expands 2.;'jO to o.(¥). Habitat, Southern States.

31. PIERIS BECKERII Edw.
Becker's "White Butterfly.

size, small; wings, thin. Color, white, marked in male, on apex
of upper side of fore wings with about eight spots of dusky in two rows,
one marginal and the other within this. There is a spot in end of cen-
tral cell, containing a dash of white. No markings on hind wings above.
Beneath, the markings of fore wings are repeated but enlarged, and
there is an extra spot an the middle of the lower margin. The veins
of hind wings are broadly margined (less so on lower branch of upper
vein) with dusky scales that are tmged with greenish and orange, and
these show a tendency to become fused near the outer border, and form
a sub-marginal band, Fig. 11, e. Female, similar but there are two
extra spots on fore wings, one to each row, forming bands nearly across
the wings. The dusky veinings on hind wings, seen below, show more
faintly above, and there is a marginal, and a partial sub-marginal row
of spots. Below, similar to male. Expands l.G.l to 2.00.

Habitat, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, California, Washington Territory,
Colorado, and Arizona.

Fiu. 11.

Illustrivting the gemis Picris, a, rapae, tip of fore wing, u|iperside; h, napi 8ame;c, sisyiiila-i,
lower side, hiiul wins ; £■> liecliorii, same; tl, inotodice, (female) upper side offore wing; f, ilaire,
apex, upper side fore wing.

32. PIERIS SISYMBRIBi).

California White Butterfly.

Similar to P. beckerii but is si^nller, Avith the markings on upper
side of fore wings more extended, and square or rectangular, not trian-
gular ; the markings on the lower portion of hind wings are also darker,
and the fused sub-marginal band is nearly black, forming arrow-shaped
marks, Fig, 11, c. Expands l.oO to l.GO. Habitat, California, Neva-
da, Colorado, and Arizona.

<M

,;i

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES,

21

^••

oo.

FIERI S NELSONI Edw.
Nelson'*' White Butterfly.
Similar to P. beckerii but differs in having the mary"-^gson fore
-wings a])uvc, rather more sharply defined, and the spot at the end of
conti-al cell is confined to the interspace between the two veins, not ex-
tending above the upper, Fig. 12, a. Expands about 2.00. Habitat.
St. Michael's, Alaska.

34. PIERIS OCCIDENTALIS Reak.

Western Caccaije Butterfly.

White, with base of wings powdered with violaceous and grayish.
There are two rows of grayish spots crossing the fore wings, one mar-
ginal and tlie other sub-marginal. Hind wings, with a marginal row
of arrow-shaped spots. Beneath, the markings of both wings are re-
peated, but there is an extra spot near the inner-angle of fore wings,
and the ^-eins of the hind wings are broadly bordered with bright yellow-
ish green. The apex of fore wings and whole surface of hind, arc strong-
ly tinged with yellow.

Differs from P. protodice, in having no spot on end of central cell
of fore wings. Expands from 1.70 to 2.00. Habitat, l^ocky Mountains
to the Pacific, from California to Oregon, and north into British Amer-
ica.

Calyce Edw. The above described is the summer form ; the pres-
ent is the winter and differs from the summer, in being whiter, only
slightly tinged Avith yellow, but the black markings are rather more de-
cided and there is a greenish overwashing beloAv.

35. PIERIS PROTODICE Bd-Lec.

Banded White Butterfly.

Male, white, faintly tinged with greenish, with a marginal row of
triangular spots of dull black on fore whigs, within which is a shorter
row, the two being connected by faint edgmgs along the veins. There
is a large spot at end of cell that encloses a curved transverse line of
white, and bclo'w this, on the lower border of the wing, is another spot,
paler than the last, and the bases of both wings are grayish, otherwise
the hind wings are unmarked. Beneath, the markings are repeated
and the veins of hind wings are margined with brown, tinged with or-
ange and greenish. The tips of the fore wings are also overwashed with
the same colors.

! ■'!

22

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

i i

hi

if^i

■ J

Female, similavbut with the markings of fore wing more extended,
Fig. 11, (I, and there is a broad, marginal band on liiud wings, enclosing
a row of large, diamond-shaped sjiots ( f white ; there is also a spot at
end of central cell, enclosing a curved transverse line of white. Ex-
pands l.(iO to 2.2;").

Veknalis Edw. Is a winter form, smaller, with the dark colors
more prominent, therefore the two bands on fore wings are more often
connected by decided markings in both sexes.

Habitat, from Mass., where it is rare, south to the Gulf of Mexico,
and west to the Pacific, also British America.

;J0. PIERIS NAPI EsPER.
WiiiTK Butterfly.

Size and form of P. rapae but differs above in having the dark tip-
pings to apex of fore wings not confined to the space above the second
branch of the middle vein ; and in having the dark spot betAveeu the first
and second, nearer the outer margin. Fig. 11, b; ib., a, being P. rapae.
Beneath, the hind wings and tip of fore, are yellowish green, not yellow,
and the veins of the former are narrowly margined Avith brown scales.
Expands 1.25 to l..")!). This is the type form, as it occurs in Europe.
In this country, the following sub-species occur.

oOa. PiERis NAPI OLERACEA Ilarr. AVhite above, with very little
or no dark markings anywhere, and the upper margin of hind wing is
pale yellow. Oleracea-iiiemalis Harr. is the winter form, with the
dark markings rather niore conspicuous and the upper marghi of hind
wing, pale orange. Habitat, from New England to Mich.: Ontario and
Quebec.

Yirginiexsis Edw. is an abertant form, with the surface white
above but much obscured with brownish scales, especially on apex of
fore wings, on upper border of both wings, and basal half of lower. Be-
neath, ail of the veins are bordered with grayish. Habitat, New York
and Ontario.

oGb. PiERis NAPI iiULDA Edw. In this sub-species, the lines
along the veins of lower side of hind wings are fused, that is, the dark
scales spread over the entire surface. Habitat, Alaska.

oGc. PiERis NAPI VEXOSA Scud. Has the veins of under side of
hind wings broadly bordered with black, with the lines continuing of
equal width (piite to the margin of the wing. Habitat, California to
British Columbia. Flava EdAv. Is an aberrant, yelloAV form of this
last, found in California.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

23

oGd. PiERis NAPi BOREAUS Gro. Is most like typical napi. Hab-
itat, Arctic Amerida.

SOe. PiERis NAPi FRKJIDA Scud. Similar to napi but with the
dark lines on lower side of hind wings paler and narrower. Habitat,
Labrador and Anticosti.

8(;f. PiERis NAPI ACADiCA Edw. Similar to frigida but paler,
with markings less distinct. Habitat, Newfoundland.

30g. PiERis NAPI PALLIDA Scud. Similar to napi but with the
colors white or pale yellow, and with the lines bordering veins, very
faintly visable. Habitat, California to British Columbia.

o('»h. PiERif! NAPI CASTORiA Reak. Like the last, with faint spots
on the fore wings.

37. PIERIS VIRGINIENSIS Edw.

Edward's White Butterfly.

Similar to P. napi but differs in having the wings longer and nar-
rower, Fig 12, b, with the ground colors much obscured with brownish
scales above, but there are no dark markings above. All of the veins
below are margined with brownish scales. Expands from 1.70 to 1*J0.
Habitat, ^Vest Virginia. Occurs in May and June only.

38. PIERIS RAPAE Linn.

Cabbage Butterfly.

Greenish white with apex of fore wings dull black, this being often
nearly wanting and always confined to the border above the second branch
of the middle vein, Fig. 11, a. There is a spot on the middle of the fore
wings, and on upper border of hind wings, and in the female, a second
on lower border, but in the male the spots are often wanting. Beneath,
the spots on fore wings are repeated and the central is very rarely ab-
sent, even if not seen above. Apex of fore wings and whole of hind,
ocherous yellow, and these portions and the base of wings above and be-
low, are powdered with dusky. Expands l.GO to 180.

Introduced from Europe and now found from Canada south to
Georgia, west to the Rocky Mountains, and through British America
to the Pacific. Occurs from April until November.

oSa. Pieris rapae marginalis Scud. Has the dark markings
rather more extended than in the type, and with the spots above always
present. Habitat, Western States.

oSb. Pieris rapae yreka Reak. Has the markings even more ex-
tended. Habitat, California.

24

NOKTII AMERICAN liUTTEIlFLIES.

38c. PiERis RAPAE MAXNi Mayer. With the markings of the
tj'pe, but pale, clear yellow without any ocherous tint. Habitat, Geor-
gia and Chicago, Ills.

;)S(l PiERis liAPAE N0VAE-AX(5LIAE Scud. With thc usual mark-
ings but with tlie surface of both wings dull sulphur yellow. Habitat,
New England and New York.

GENUS V. NATHALTS. DWARF BUTTERFLIES.

Size, Miiiill. Colors, yellow, with prominent dark
markin<;s. Antennae, short, but in the male longer than
one half the len(i!;th of the ImmIv. Fore wing's, long and
narrow, but with the apex rounded, without any angle on
on outer border. Hind wings nnieh shorter than the fore,
but narrower than long, and well rounded. There is a
small, oval, naked, depression just over the central cell,
near upper border of hind wings. Type, N. idle. (Plate
1,5.)

?,0. NATHALIS lOLE Bd.
Yellow^ dwarf Butterfia'.

Plate I, o, upper side, female.
Male, yellow above, with apex of fore wings, excepting narroAv mar-
gin on extreme tip, two spots beloAV this on outer border, one dot at end
of central cell and another between the first and second branches of the
middle vein, an elongated patch on lower border and another on upper
border of lower wing, (neither of these patches quite reach the border)
and some dots on outer border ami a^ong the outer iiortion of hind wings,
dark brown. Beneath, thc Muukiii; f are repeated, excepting ])atch on
apex of fore wings and upper b. j't'jr of hind wings, but not as promi-
nent. The apex of f )re Avings, base, outer margin, and a l)and across
the hind wing, are tinged with greenish. There is an elongated patch
of orange along the basal two-thirds of tlie upper border of fore wings.
Female, similar, but with the markings darker and more extended,
there being an indication of a dusky line across the middle of the hind
wings above. Expands 1.00 to 1. "J.-). Habitat, Illinois, and Missouri
to California, also New Mexico and Arizona.

NORTH AMKKICAN l!l TTI;KFL1KS.

25

31)a. Nathalis iole iuene Fitch. Differs from the typo, in the
absence dF the three hlack spots on outer borders of the fore wiii>f3 be-
low, and in liavin^ the base of the wing, instead of its outer margin, or-
ange.

GENUS VI.

ANTHOCHARIS. MARBLED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, .sinall. Colors, uliite or greeniisli white, with
hind wings below inarl)led with greenish, and fore wings
of male often conspicuously marked with black and orange.
Antennae, slK^rter than one half the length of the body.
Fore wings, rather short, with the outer margin produced
hito a more or less prominent angle. Hind wings long,
wide, but well rounded, tbeir w idth being a little more than
three-fourths their length. Tyfk, A. gknutia. ( Plate II, 1. )

40. ANTHOCHARIS LANCEOLATA Rd.

Boisduval's Marbled BviTTEiiFLY.
Size, large, outer portion of fore wing wit); prominent angle. White
on both surfaces ; above, dusky at base of wings, with a marginal border
.of indistinct white spots on apex and .outer border of fore wings, within
which is another small, dusky spot, and at the end of central cell is a
sub-oval or crescent-shaped spot, Fig, 12, c. Hind wings, unspotted.
Beneath, the spot at end of cell of fore wing, is repeated, and apex and
upper border are sprinkled with a brownish-green tint; the hind wing is
thickly marbled with the same but most heavily on the basal two-tiiirds,
and there is an oblique white spot on the upper border. Female, simi-
lar but rather more heavily marked. This is the most slightly marked
species above, of any that we have v.dthin our liraits. Expands 1.4< ) to
I.IJO. IIabita,t, Northern California, Nevada, and Arizona. Occurs
from April until July.

41. ANTHOCHARIS CREUSA Doubl-Hew.

Crelsa JNIarblei) Butterfly.

Size, small, about that of A. genucia, but the outer border of fore
wing is without prominent angle. White, with rectangular spot at end
of central cell of fore wing, not reaching upper border. Apex, dusky,

V

i

11

i »Hi

j

T' ' 1
1

ij' i!j5ii

2G

NOllTll AMERICAN BUTTEKFUES.

enclosing a line of four or five white spots ; the inner border of this area
is composed of a darker, saber-shaped spot, point downward. Fig. 12. d,
Upper border of wing, sprinkled sparingly with black. Base of both
wings, dusky. Upper surface of hind wing, slightly marbled with dusky,
lower surface, prominently and not very finely, with dusky and green-
ish. Expands about l.OU. Habitat, Southern California, Arizona, and
Utah.

42. ANTIIOCITARIS HYANTIS Edw.
IIyantis Maiibled Butterfly.

Male, white, similar to olympia, with bar at end of central cell,
narrower and reaching upper border of wing ; and there are two rows of
dusky spots in apex. The marblings of hind wings beneath are green,
gray, and yellow. Female, similar, but with the dark markings more
extended. Expands 1.50 to l.y(». Habitat, Colorado, California, and
Arizona.

a 1) c d e

a, fine winy, uiiper Biili,-, I'ieriB iirlsoni: b, suinc 1'. vir^'iiiieiisis; c, saiae Anthuctjans lauccula-
ta; d, Bame A. cerusa: e, hliul win^, lower buIo, A. i'o»a,

4;J. ANTIIOCHARIS OLYMriA Edw.

OlYMI'IAN MaRBLKD BlTTERFLY.

Size, about that of A. genutia, but with outer border of fore wing
without conspicuous angle, and there is no orange nor yellow above or
below. The apex of f jre wing is dusky, inside of which, on up])e/- and
outer bordc/, is a darker spot, and tht-re is a transverse spot at end of
central cell. The hh J wings are faintiy n'nvl^lod with dus; :;, . Beneath,
the markings are not repeated. The marblings on the hind wings
differ from those of A. genutia, in being broken into three divisions,
basal, central and on outer border: comi)are hind wing of olympia,
Fig. U, a, with that of genutia. ib. b. Female, alittle darker and there
are three blackisii dots on outer margin of innd wings above. Expands
l.CO to 1 .7( ). Habitat, West Virginia. Indiana, and Nebraska. Occurs
as early as April.

NORTH AMERICAN IJITTEKFLIES.

27

' this area
ng. 1L>. d,
e of both
.th dusky,
nd green-
izona, and

ntral cell,
vo rows of
are green,
ings more
Drnia, and

bans laiiocola-

r fore wing

V above or

upper and

at end of

Benoath,

lind wings

divisions,

f olympia,

r and there

Expands
\. Occurs

44. ANTIIOCIIARIS ROSA Kmv.

Rose's Marbled Bitterfly.

Similar h) A. olympia, but differs in being smaller and in having

the markings of lower surface of hind wings, even more restricted but

at the same time, ratlicr more decided, Fig. 12, e. Expands l.L'O to

1.40. Habitat, ^Veste^u Texas.

4r,. ANTIIOCIIARIS AUSONIDES. Bd.
Larue White Marbled Butterfly.

Larger than A. olympia, but of the same form and general color-
ation, but differs in having the dark area of fore wings broken by three
white spots in the male, four in the female, and three divisions of mar-
blings on hind ving below, are more connected. Fig. 14, c. The black
spct at end of central cell of fore wing, is repeated below. The hind
wings of female are tinged with yellowish. Expands 1,50 to 1.00.

Ha,bitat, Colorado to California, and Arizona, British America, and
the Youcon River, Alaska. Occurs in IMarch and A[>ril.

45a. Anthocharis alsonides coloradensis IL Edw. "Wings,
rather broader than in typical A. ausonides, and the markings above
are darker, while below the marblings are more extended.

40. ANTIIOCIIARIS CETIIURA Feld.

Califorxian Mauhled Bitterfly.

Size and form of A. genutiu, but differs in having the orange spot
above, resting on the black bar on the end of the central cell, and the
liack spots on margin enlarged into diamond shaped marks. Fig. 14, d;
the base of both wings is dusky, and tiie marblings of hind wings below
are divided into three divisions, but these arc not as distinct as in olym-
pia, nor are the markings as coarse. Expands 1.40 to L jO. Habitat,
Southern California. Occurs iii March, April, and May.

47. ANTIIOCIIARIS .AIORRISONI Edw.
MoUiUsoN's Marbled B'-tterfly.

Size of A. cethura and of similar f)rm, but dihcrs lU having the
bar at end of central cell, a little narrower and of the same width tbi-ough-
out, and the orange patch at apex is bordered with confluent spots, form-
ing scallops. Beneath, the apical patch i? rather deeper orange, and is
surmounted with pinkish. The marl)l:ngs below are rather more de-
cided, leaving the interspaces clearer. Expands l.oO. Habitat, Kern
River. California.

5

'i'i

i

\

^

i.l Vi

ifi*!

28

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTE'tFLIES.

48. ANTIIOCIIARIS TIIOOSA Scua

Scudder's Marbled ButterflY:

White, with large, orange, apical patch which has a wide black bor-
dering within it. extending from the outer to upper margin, and of equal
width but with the edges roughened ; outwardly it is only narrowly bor-
dered with dusky. Ilhul wings unmarked, excepting a few clusters of
dusky scales along veins. Beneath, the orange patch is restricted and
yellowish, and the hind wings are marWcd, much as in A. julia, Fig.
14, f. Expai ds 1.25 to 1.40. Habitat, Utah and Arizona.

41). ANTIIOCIIARIS SARA Bd.
Sara's Maubled Butterfly.

Larger tlian A. genutia, with the angle of outer border of fore wings
only slightly indicated. Dift'crs in having the orange at apex of upjier
side of fure wing of male, nearly surrounded by a black border, Fig. 1-!^
c, and the orange is ueen nn ire faintly below but without the black. The
female ha^ the orange on both surfaces but paler, and the black border
is represented on the inside, })y a bar at end of central cell; the apex is
broken by three or four yellow spots. Expand3 I.<i0to2.00. Habitat,
California. Occurs from Ajjril until August.

Reakjrtii Edw. is the winter form, that has the black bordering
within and without the (jrange on apex of foi-e wings, vi' male above, not
only deeper in shade, but also much broader. The outer margin of the
lower wings has a decided border of spots, instei'd of mere in^ jcations,
and generally the marblings of lower side of hind wings, are coarser.
The female difibrs in this resjiect, and in having the spot at end of cen-
tral cell, crossing the vein and reaching upper border. Expands l.oO
to 1.(jO. Habitat, California. Occurs in March, April, and May.

r,0. ANTIIOCIIARIS STELLA Edw.
Stella's Marbled Butterfly.
Differs from A. sura in having the ground color rather brighter or
more yellowish, and tiie dark line below orange apical patch narrower
and broken through in the middle ; this does not quite reach the upper
border of the w 'ug. At tip of wing and on outer marghi, the black bor-
dering is narrow. Hind wings, unmarked. Beneath, the orange is nar-
rower and rather more widely bordered w'hh dark. Hind wings, quite
finely marljled with grayish green. Female, with ground coit)r deeper
and dark markings more extended; the orange i)atch is only about one
half as wide and the dark band bel')W it is narrower, with a series of

MOIITU AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

20

yellow spots over it. Expands about 1.40. Habitat, Nevada, Califor-
nia, Oregon, and Arizona.

51. ANTIIOCIIARIS JULIA Edw.

Julia's Marbled Butterfly.

Size and form of A. genutia but is very closely allied to sara in
coloration and differs in having the black border of orange i)atcli on fore
■vving above, more bruken into spots, and the upper border of this wing
is more finely sprinkled with dusky in both sexes, Fig. 14, f. The hind
wings of buth male and female are also slightly marbled above, and
more coarsely marked below. Expands 1.40 to 1.50. Habitat, Col-
orado, New ^lexico, Arizona, and Montana. Occurs in June.

Fig. U.

a b c d e f g

lUiistr.itiii;: the {,'''">is Antliocliaiis. a, Inwer side, hind wins, olympia; b, sanu;, genutia;
r, same aiis'iriiilcs; d, iiiipcr sidu, furo wing, cethura;e, same, sara; f, sanio, Julia; g, antennae,
(enlargei' ) genutia,

o2. ANTIIOCIIARIS GENUTIA Fab.

Orange-spotted Marbled Butterfly.

Plate II, 1, upper side, male.

Male, above white with an interrupted margin of black on outer
border of furc wing, and a patch of orange at apex. There is a dot of
black at the end of central cell, and some dusky sprinklings on the up-
per border, while the hind wings are faintly marked with dusky. Be-
ufarh, Ml'ite with the d-jt on fore wings repeated. The apex of fore
\v'ing is marbled with greenish, but is witliout the orange, and the hind
•\ungs are marbled with greenisli and hlack. Female, similar but lacks
th-' 0' iinge and has a little dusky in the apex of fore wings above. Ex-
pands 1.50 to 1.80.

Habitat, New York to Virginia, Western States, and Texas. Rare
in Southern New England. Occurs in Fel)ruary and March in Texas,
and further north in April.

5:1 ANTIIOCIIARIS riMA Edw.
Arizona Marbled Butterfly.
Lemon yellow, dusky at base of both wings. Orange patch on fore

7

"i!

80

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

:i1:i

•I

wings small, widely bordered outAvardly with, black which is broken by
yellow spots aLng outer and upper margins and by orange scalings along
veins. There is a large, rectangular spot at end of central cell, within
which are tAvo orange dashes. Upper border of wing, coarsely spotted,
Fig. IT), a. Hind wings, slightly marbled. Doneath, the s\)ot at end
of central cell is repeated, but the apex of wing is greenish in lines along
the veins, and the hind wings arc marbled with greenish, coarsely, ex-
cepting on loAvcr border, and the marblings have clearly cut edges.

Female, similar bu*: with the dark markings more extended. Re-
markable as being the only described American species, in which both
so.xes are yellow. Expands, 1.70 to 1.7.n Rare. Habitat. Arizona,
Pima County. Occurs in April.

C: : JS VII. CALLIDRYAS.

CITRON M^Al) ORAxVGE BUTTERFLIES.

Size, medium. Colors, yellow or orange, without
prominent markings. Antennae, short, gradually enlarged
on the terminal third. Wings, rather short and rounded,
being without prominent angles. Abdomen, not project-
ing beyond lihid wings. Type, C. eubulk. (Plati; II, 2.)

54. CALLIDRYAS EUBULE Linn.

Citron-colored Butterfly.

Male, j'ellow above with the outer border of both wings slightly
lio'hter. There are a few blackish scales at end of central cell of fore
wing, and a blackish marginal dot at the end of each vein. Beneath
decidedly tinged with orange, aid the bordering points are more dis-
tinct and connected by a '^.arrow rufous, marginal edging. At end of
central cell on fore wings, are two brownish spots, the upper of which
is a mere dot, the lower larger, and enclosing a silvery center, overlaid
with reddish. The elongated lower portion of this spot is cut by the
closing vein of tlie central cell so that a small portion of the spot is with-
in the cell. At end of central cell of hind wings, l»ut within it, is a brown
rino-ed silver spot, and above it, but ncM'or tiie outer border, is either a
blackish or rufous dot, or a brown silver-centered spot and both arc
sometimes absent. Outside the spots, on both whigs, is a wavy band
more or less distinct of reddish brown, and an indistinct ])and through
spots, and some dots on basal half of wings.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

81

Female, brighter, more orange above, with marginal dots on fore
■wings, enlarged and connected by rosy rufous eilges, as are the smaller
ones on the hind wings. At end of central cell, and •without it, is a
small brown spot, and beneath it, without and within the cell, is a brown-
ringed, orange spot. The hind wings show indications of the spots on
end of central cell beneath. Beneath, there is a cluster of narrowly
brown-ringed, silver spots, overlaid witli red, at end of central cell of
fore wing, and both spots on hind wings are always silver-centered, and
a distinct bar passes outside of them. The rufous bandings are more
prominent and there are several others on the hind wings. An exceed-
ingly variable species, some of both sexes being much more orange tint-
ed than others, with bandings exceedingly variable, and sometimes both
sexes are sprinkled beneath with rufous, jixpands from 2.CX) to 2.7.'">.

Habitat, Southern States, north to Virginia, Ohio, and Ills., casu-
ally to New York and Rhode Island, and also Arizona and Southern
California.

r>5. CALLIDRYAS SENNAE Linn.

Yellow-green Butterfly.

!Male differs from C. eubule, in being of a clearer, more greenish,
yellow on both surfaces, but more especially below. There are no black
scales at end of central cell above on fore wings, and little or no in'^ica-
tions of any marginal points. There is usually only one silver spot at
end of central cell of hind wings ; this is smaller and the edging is pale
rosy rufous. The ruf jus bandings are mostly absent, or at best, only
faintly indicated ; but the most positive point of difference, may be seen
in the sjiot at end of central cell of f n-e wings, this being reduced to a
rosy-rufcus, oval spot lying on the cross vein, compare Fig. 15, f, upper
with ib. f, lower The female is dull, orange yellow above and below,
Avith all the markings rosy rufms, especially noticeable on the fore wings
above andbelow,this often being witliout any silver center; infact, the
silver center, when present, on both surfaces is so strongly overwashed
with rufous as to be nearly obsolete. The positive point of difference,
however, is seen in this spotting below at end of central cell of ^)re
wing. In tliis species, the spots are two only, that is, undivided by any
decided lines or edging, compare Fig. 15, f, lower, eubule with ib., f,
upitev, sennae. Expands, 2.00 to 2.75.

Habitat, Central and Southern Florida, and Texas and Arizona.
This and the preceding species occur from March to November in Flor-
ida.

i

w

32

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

SSa. Callidryas sennae orbis Poev, Differs in Ijeinf; more or

ipii

!

I

I

-^ : 'i

less white, but this form is confined to the female.
Florida.

50

Ilalntat, Southern

CALLIDRYAS PIIILEA Linn.

Oran(!e Spotted Butterfly.

Similar to C. cubule, but differs in having a prominent orange bor-
der to the hind Aving, and in the male in a patch of orange on fore wing,
and the female has a marginal row of brown spots on both wings. Ex-
pands o.OO to o.'2o. Habitat, casually in Texas, Illinois, and Wiscon-
sin.

57

Bd.

CALLIDRYAS AGARITIIE

Large Oranoe Butterfly.
A little larger than C. cubule, but the male is orange above and
orange tnited below, but scarcely more so than in heavily marked spec-
imens of eubule. Female, dull orange not unlike that of sennae, but
there is an eliptical spot of brown in the end of the central cell of fore
wings without a light centre, and the margin is more heavily marked
with brownish. >\vpaads 2.25 to ;!.0(). Habitat, Florida, Texas, Kan-
sas, Arizona and occasionally Nebraska.

Fig. 15.

f g b c d e

a, foro witivr, upper siilo, Anthrosharis plma: b, Bamo, Kricogoiiia fantasia; c, Ramr?, Colias eu-
rydicii; d, same, C. cai^soiiia; o,s:iiiio, C, nicadii; f, upper flsiiro, central spot of foii' wiii;j;, male,
Calli<lrya8 sennae; luwerflguro, same, C. eulmle; y, upper fig. same, female, Bennae: lowei ti;;,, same
female, eubulu.

GENUS VIII.

KRICOGONIA. YELLOAV-WIIITE BUTTERFLIES.

Size, niodiuiii, Colors, wliite, Avliito and yellow, or
yellow, with no very prominent d:irk markings. Anten-
nae, short, bent like a l)ow, with the cluh enlarging for

■■H

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

33

nearly or quite the terminal half. Wing8. with more or
less prominent angles on outer margin, especially on the
front pair. Type, K. lyside. ( Plate IT, 3. )

oS. KRICOGONIA LYSIDE Godt.
Yellow and White Bitterly.

Above, white, green tinted, with basal third of fore, and extreme
base of hind wings, ]ein(^n yellow. Apex of fore wings, yellowish-rufous,
and there are a few brown scales on the cross-vein at end of central cell.
Beneath, similar, but paler. Expands 1.70 to 2.00. Habitat, Indian
River, Florida, and Texas.

Terissa Luc. is the summer form, the above described being the
winter, and differs in having a black bar about .15 long on the upper
margin of the hind wings about two thirds the distance from the base,
and the brown at end of central cell of fore wing is more prominent.

5'J. KRICOGONIA FANTASIA Butler.
Butler's Butterfly.
Above, grayish white, with base of upper border soiled sulphur j-el-
low, with the apex and outer border of ."ore wing, pale brown, widest
at apex where are some spots of white. Fig. 15 b. Beneath also white,
and there is a patch of sulphur yellow in the central cell of fore wings.
Expands 2.oO. Habitat, Texas.

GENUS IX.

COLIAS. BORDERED Y^ELLOW BUTTERFLIES.

Size, small to medium. Colors, usually jellow, occa-
sionally orange, and rarely whitish or greenish, usually
prominently bordered with ])lack. There is a black dot
at end of central cell of fore wing. Fore wings, Ion"" and
pointed, often produced into an angle at apex. Hind win ♦•■s,
short and rounded. Antennae, about one half as long as
body, with the clul) occupying one-fourth of the terminal
length. Type, C. rinLODicE. ( Plate II, 4. )

ir

34

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

:fl

i

111!

lit

j;:!l

iM

SiH

III lillil

GO. COLIAS EURYDICE Bd.

Western Do(i's Head.

Male, above. Fore wings, with angle of outer margin, very prom-
inent; spot at end of central cell, black with an opalescent luster and the
middle of Aving occupied by a patch of brilliant orange in the form of a
dog's head, Fig. l-"», c. There are a few spots of pinkish on ui»per mar-
gin, and a few of lighter on outer, all near apex. Hind wings, orange,
lighter margined, unspotted. Beneath, orange, with wings edged with
rufous; the black of fore wing is faintly indicated, and the central spot
is white-centered. On the hind wings, there is a sub-marginal line of
rufous points, and in the center of wing, a double, rufous, silver-centered
spot. Female, unlike male in color, but of similar form. Pale yellow
on both surfaces, deepest on hind wings, with a brownish central spot
on both wings, which is darker below. Expands from li.oO to 2.o0. Hab-
itat, California, Arizona, and Oregon. Occurs from May to August.

(!()a. CoLiAS EURYDICE AMORPiiAE H. Edw. is a sub-species differ-
ing from the type in having the dog's head interspace strongly suffused
with purple. Female has a sub-marginal band of dusky on fore wings,
^nd a brownish central spot. Habitut, California.

GOb. CoLiAS EURYDICE I3ERNARDIN0. Smaller, without purplish
suffusion, but with a narrow black border on hind wings. Expands
2.25.

Gl. COLIAS CAESONIA Stoll.
Yellow Do(j's Head.
Color of C. philodice, but differs in having the border of foi-e wing
wider, a border to the wing above, and the base dusky, forming a strik-
ing resemblance to a dog's head, Fig. l."), d. The female has a narrower
border to hind wings than the male, and some yellow spottings in apex
of fore wings. Expands, 2.25 to 2.50. Habitat, Southern State, up
the INIississippi Valley, rarely as far as Minnesota, and from Texas to
California. Occurs in Florida from April to November.

G2. COLIAS MEADII Edw.

Mead's Bordered Butterfly.
Male; apex of fore wings pointed ; bright orange above with opales-
cent luster. Both wings are broadly bordered with black and rose ; the
upper and lower margins of hind wings arc greenish ; the central spot
on hind wings is only slightly indicated by a few blackish scales. Fig.
15, e. Beneath, greenish with basal two-thirds of fore wings, excepting

NOllTII AMERICAN I3LTTEUFLIES.

35

outer margin, orange. The central spot of fore wings is more promi-
nent, and that on hind is green centered.

G;{. COLIAS IIECLA Lef.

Arctic Bordered Butterfly.

Orange, with a black border to both wings, 'J'here is a small, black
central spot on both wings, and an indistinct one with a pale center on
hind. Beneath, greenish, darkest on base of wings. Female, differs in
being more yellow, with wider bordering, and inclosing a few yellow spots.
The central spot on f jre wings is larger and the whole surface of Iiind
wings beneath, is overwashed with dusky, but there is a sub-marginal
row of almost confluent yellow spots. Expands 2.(50 to 1.75. Habitat,
Arctic Regions, from Greenland to Behring Straits.

G4a. CoLiAS iiecI/A hela Str., darker than the tpye and the green-
ish yellow spots on lower border of hind wings beneath, are absent.
Habitat, Hudson's Bay.

1 li

niustrating the genus Colias, fore win

g

lis, male, o, same
hind wing female

,he genus Colias, fore wing, upper siile. a, boothii:!), hartfordii; d, occidental
fimialf!'. f, chippowa; g Christina: h, alcxandria: i, oiirythemeij, central spots left
!, same species; c, same of occidentalia,

M. COLIAS BOOTHH Curt.
Curtis' Bordered Butterfly.

Wings, rounded at apex. Fig. Ki, a. Male, greenish yellow with a
patch of orange on inner two-thirds of all but upper border of fore wings.
There is, a disthict central spot on fore wings, and a marginal band of
black si)ots. Hind wings, with a marginal row of five spots not reach-
ing lower margin. Central spot, orange and double. Beneath, similar.
Female, differs in having a broad bordering band on both wings, enclos-
ing a mw of balloon-shaiiod spots. Expands 1.80 to 2.10 Occurs in
Julv and August. Habitat. Arctic America.

t : il

Til

iii

1 1

86

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

I 1

i i

< .'il

■

n 1

I-

!

■

m

m

m

04a. COLIAS BOOTiiir ciiioxe Curt, is smaller than typical boothii
with marginal bordering a1)sent, and the central spot on fore wing orange.
The border is present in the female, but is not as inuch extended.

C.rj COLIAS EURYTIIEME Ud.

Oranck Boudkkkd JjUTTEULLY.

Size of C. philodice, but the fore wings are more pointed, black bor-
dering wider, Fig. IG, i, and the color abn'c deep orange. Beneath,
rather more orange, but with the markings the same as in philodice.
Expands 2.;J() to 2.50, Habitat, Western States t(j the Pacific, British
America; rarely in Ontario, Quebec, and occasionally in Mass. and the
Middle States. Occurs in July, August, and Se[)tember and is the
summer form.

Ariadne Edw. is a winter form, lemon yellow with the basal por-
tions of the wings more or less overwashed with orange, sometimes this
being confincil to the fore wings only, and the size is usually smaller
Occurs from February to July, and in elevated and northern sections,
throughout the season. Those that 1 have seen taken in Mass, have
been of this form. Expands from l.oO to 1.80.

Kekwaydin Edw. is a winter form, dull orange, especially on upper
surface. Expands l.GOto 2.00. This form either follows ariadne in
April and May, or in some sections, notably Northern Colorado on the
mountains, in Oregon and Vancouver's Island, is the first and almost
only form throughout the season; in other localities, kcewaydin gives
place to typical eurythcme, without being jyreceded by ariadne. There
are albinos in every form and numerous intorgrades.

(IG. COLIAS riTILODICE Godt.
Bordered Yelloav BrxTERi-LY
Fore wings without prominent angle on outer border. Male, sul-
phury yellow above, with both wings bonlcred on outer margin with dull
black wliich is encroached upon only slightly by yellow along the veins.
There is a black, yellow-centered spot at end of central cell of fore wings,
and two of orange on center of hind wings. The extreme base of both
wings is dusky and both jjairs arc narrowly bordered withroscy. Be-
neath, the ground color is tinged with orange ; the black border is absent,
but there is usually a more or less distinct, submarginal band of points,
rosy on hind wings, black on fore, and a spot of rose on upper border of
hind wings, where the central spots are ringed with rufous and silver-
centered. Female differs in having the bordering wider and enclosing
a line of yellow spots. Ex])ands, 1.50 to 2.00. Habitat, Atlantic States

thii
ige.

3or-
ith,
ice.
tish
the
the

por-
this
Jler
uns,
lave

)per
e in
the
(lost
ives
liere

sul-
dull
^ins.
ings,
both
Be-
3ent,
ints,
or of
Iver-
)sing
tates

'•'I

HI iii!

M

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE IIL

1. Ileliconia charitouia. '2. Danais berenicc. o. Coiae-
nis Julia. 4. Agraulis vanillae.

P L A 'I' L III

w

Xuitli AniiTican nuttHifliPi.

C. J. M.

1 ! !:

I I

5j!

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

87

excepting pcrhnps Florida, Mississippi VtiUey, Ontario, Quebec, and
^Nova Scutia. Occurs from early May until late in October.

G(ja. CoLiAS niiLODiCE antiiyale Hub. is smaller in size than the
type, with the black bordering narrow and the markings below very de-
cided. Sometimes the central spot on hind wings is single. Expands
from 1.00 to 1.75. Tliis sub-species I have taken in early spring in
Mass.

Albinic Edw. is a nearly white form, confined to the female and
usually appears in autumn, when it is common.

Melanig Edw, is a black, or partly black, form, confined to the
J :ale and is rare.

Besides these forms, the species is subject to other variations, such
as being orange tinted, (rare) borderless specimens, also rare, and many
variations in the size of the central wing spot, etc., etc.

G7. GOLIAS IIAGENII Edw.
Hagen's Bordered Butterfly.

Male, size, form, markings above and colors below, similar to those
of C. eury theme, but the orange above is replaced by the yellow of phi-
lodice. Female, similar to that of eurythemc but with the bordering
less distinct, and the orange above is replaced by a yellow that is more
ochreous than that of pliilodice. Expands from 1 .oO to 2.0(). Habitat,
from Colorado and Utah into British America. Occurs in July and
August.

G8. COJJAS ERIPHYLE Edw.

Orange-tinted Butterfi.y.

Form and size of C. eurytheme, and the markings are similar, while
the colors beneath are the same, but the color above is that of philodice
with the base of upper border orange tinted, and the bordering is very
pale, thickiy dusted with yellow scales. Female, with bordering pale
but present on both wings. Expands 1.70 to 2.U(). Habitat, British.
Columbia.

GO. COLIAS HARFORDH H. Edw.

Harford's Bordered Bi.tterely.

Similar in form and size to the keewaydiu form of C. eurytheme, but
differs above in being dull lemon yellow without any orange tinting, and
the black spot at end of central cell on fore wing, is smaller, more oval
i.nd light-centered, Fig. IG, 1), and the uorder is pale brown in color.
E:q»ands about l.GO. Habitat, California.

'^n

!

' 1

H\

jiu

I jr

38

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUEl-.

70. COLIAS OCCIDENTALIS Scud.
Western Bordered Butterfly.

Size and general form of C.i:)hilodice bet differs in having the black
border on ft)re wing of male, projected more to^vard the base, and is not
cut at all by the yellow veins ; the central spot on fore wing is barely
indicated, I'ig. 1(1, d, and that on the hind wing is shigle ; there are no
sub-marginal spots. The fe'uale above differs even more, there being
no bordering whatever on the hind wings and very little on the fore,
Fig. 10, e. Beneath, the ctilor in both sexes is ye^v pale and the spot
on hind wings is single, while that on the fore wing is barely indicated.
Expands, 2.00 to 2.40. Habitat, Fort Simpson, British i^ nnorica, and
Vancouver's Island. Occurs in July.

71. CULIAS CIIRYSOMELAS II. Edw.
Golden Bordered Bitterfly.
Similar to C. occidencalis but differs in having marginal border
wider, it being equal in Avidth on liDth wings, and always cut by the
yellow veins. Central spot on fore wings only slightly indicated and
that on the hind wing beneath is single. The female has a more decid-
ed border to wings. Expands 2.WJ to 2..';o. llabitat, Northern Cali-
fornia.

72. COLIAS CHRISTINA Edw.
Christine's Bordered Bi tterfly.

Allied to C. eurytheme but male differs in having the border nar-
rower, and the orange confined to the outer half of the intervening space.
The central si)ot on fore wing is smaller, and that on hind Aving is sin-
gle on both surfaces. The female is greenish yellow above, without
markings, excepting the single, central spot on both pairs of wings. Be-
neath, hind wings greenisii, fore wings yellow, greenish at apex, and
slightly orange tinted on basal third. Expands 2. K.) to 2.50. Habitat,
Slave River, south. Red Deer River, and Mount Judith, Montana. Oc-
curs in July. Fig. Ki, g, fire wing.

72a. CoLiAS ciiiiisTiNA ASTRAEA Edw. differs from typical C. Chris-
tina in having the Iwrdering wider, and the color yellower, being only
slightly tinted with orange. Habitat, Yellowstone Lake.

73. COLIAS ALEXANDRIA Edw,
Alexandria Bordered Butterfly.
Male of about the size and form of C. philodice but differs in hav-

,;! I i"

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

39

ing the border less extended along the upper margin of fore wing; in
the central spot of fore wing being much smaller, Fig. It), h, and absent
or faintly indicated on hind wings. Beneath, very pale, the hind wings
greenish without even the pinkish tinge, and spot in central cell of hind
wing is single and only faintly indicated, not at all orange. There are
no sub-marginal spots on either wings. The female is pale yellow with-
out bordering. No spot in central cell above, otherwise as in the male.
Expands l.OOto 2.20. Habitat, Colorado, Montana, andBritish America.

74. COLIAS EDWARDSII Beiir.
Edward's Bordered Butterfly.

Male differs from C. philodice, in the narrower border to wings,
smaller central spot on fore wings, but better indicated than in alexan-
dria, and the veins are not cut quite to the margin. There is no indi-
cation of a spot on hind Avings above, but there is one below, rufous-
ringed. There are no sub-marginal spots on either wings. The female
resembles the male below ; above the bordering is not onl} indicated rath-
er more than in occidentalis, but is of a different pattern. Fig. 1(!, c.
Expands, 2.10 to 2.;J0. Habitat, Nevada; Utah; Owen's Lake, Southern
California ; ^It. Hood, Washington Territory ; Montana ; Edmonton, Brit-
ish America.

Fiir. n

a, Colias cilwiinlsii. uiipcr side of fnic wing: b, Kiinii.' iiitorior (fciniile) ; il. samo iiclidiie: e,
Bamo liclu'ii; j, saiiii! nnstcs: k, scuililiTii; c, cent i ill I'ctl, Idwcrpulo, hind win?;, cdwiinlsii : c, sanio
remalo ititirior: h, Terlns iiii'i|i;.", Uirc viua, iiiniorsldo; k, same T.jucunda; f, antennae same sjie-
cies, twice life size; 1, siiine, iiicip|ie.

75. COLIAS EMHJA Edw.

Oregon Bordered Bitterfly.

Similar to C. alexandria, but differs in having the borders of wings

narrower, (cut to the margin by yellow veins ) not extended along upper

margin, but considerably along lower, the hind wings are of a different

form, being much jtroduced at outer angle and the border on this pair

'11

Mil

m

■ I,

't -v

40

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTEUFLIES.

does not reach the lower margin. Female has only an indication of a
marginal border, and that is on the fjre Avings only. Expands, l.UO.
Habitat, Oregon.

7G. COLIAS INTERIOR Scud.

Bordered Green Butterfly.

Male, smaller than C. philodice with the black bordering mainly
confined to the upper fi )re wings, thus not reaching lower border. There
are no indications of the sub-marginal spottings below, but the central
spots of hind wings are double, and the upper border of fore, and entire
surface of hind wings, sprinkled plentifully with greenish. The border-
ing on the female is confined to the fore wings and is only slightly indi-
cated. Fig. 17, b. Expands 1.(50 to 1 .70. Habitat, Cape Breton Island,
Lower St. Lawrence, Quebec, Nii)egon River, and accidental at Water-
ville, Maine.

77. COLIAS SCUDDERII Reak.

Scudder's Bordered Butterfly.

Male, about the same size as C. philodice but differs in having the
black border less extended toward the base on upper margin, and the
voinings cut the border to the fringe. The central spottings on fore
wings are only faintly indicated, Fig. 17, k, and there are none on the
hind wing. Beneath, the spots on fore wings are better indicated, while
those on the hind pair are rosy-ringed and silver-centered. There are
no sub-marginal spots. The outer margin of both wings are bordered
with greenish, as well as the basal two-thirds of the hind wings, and
in this res])ect, differs frnm alexandria. the male of which is very pale,
greenish yellow only on hind wings. Female, with the bandings barely
indicated on fore wings only, by two rows of faintly defined spots. As in
most species of the genus, female albinos occur, of a pale greenish white.
Expands 1 .80 to 2.( K ). Habitat, Colorado, Montana, British Columbia,
and British America. Occurs in July.

78. COLIAS BELIDNE Bd.
Little Borderki> ]>utterfly.

Male, closely resembles C. p. anthyale, especially those specimens
having a single centre spot on hind wings. Differs, however, in the
almost entire absence of the central spot of fore wings above, and in
the absence of the submarginal row of spots beneath, and the outer
border of wings is greenish. Female, white, or greenish white, above,
wIkjIIv without markings ; beneath, similar to male, but lacks the green-

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

41

ish bordering, and the fore wings are paler. Expands 1.50 to 1.70.
Habitat, Labrador and Ungava Bay. Occurs in July. Fig. 17, d.

70. COLIAS PALAENO Linn.
Palaeno Bordered Butterfly.
About the size and form of C. interior but of a brighter yellow and
with a narrower bordering to the wings. 1 cinale, also of a brighter yel-
low. Habitat, Labrador and Alaska.

SO. COLIAS CHIPPEWA Edw.
Helen's Bordered Butterfly.

Male, similar to C. p. anthyale in size and ground color, but differs
in having the border much wider and straighter on inside, not crossed
by yellow veins, and in the absence of the central spot of fore wings,
this being merely indicated. Beneath, this spot is also merely indicated
on fore wings, and on the hind Avings this is represented by a border-
less silver spot, otherwise immaculate, but slightly overwashed with
greenish. Habitat, Fort Simpson, St. Michaels, Alaska, and Kotzebue
Sound. Fig. 10, f, fore wing.

81. COLIAS NASTES Bd.
Green Bordered Butterfly.

Male, above, greenish-yellow, dusk along veins pnd on a rather wide
border on both wings, this border including a sub-marginal row of green-
ish spots. The central spot of fore wing is only slightly indicated, Fig.
17, j. Beneath, similar to above but paler, with the markings less dis-
tinct ; central spot on fore wings encloses a white center, as does the
rosy-ringed one on hind pair. Female, similar but with dark markings
on veins, and margin more extended. Expands l.oO to l.GO. Habitat,
Labrador and Ungava Bay,

82. COLIAS MOINA Str.
Strecker's Bordered Butterfly.

Size and form of C. nastcs, sulphury yellow, tinged with greenish.
Black markings as in nastes but rather more decided and the central
spot on fore wing is larger and black. There is a row of dark brown,
marginal spots on both wings. Bcnerth, pale greenish, with the cen-
tral spot on fore wings white-centered, and that on the hind wings is
partly ringed with brown and reddish. Female, similar but little paler
above. Habitat, Hudson's Bav.

I:

'! '1

42

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

|ii

iiiii

S3. COLIAS BEHRIl Edw.
Behr's Bordered Butterfly.
Male, dusky-green with a distinct black border to both wings ; the
central spot ;f foi-e wing is a narrow white line without conspicuous edg-
ing, Fig. 17, e, and that of hind wing is a round dot. Beneath, similar
but paler. Female, with the dusky markings restricted to the veins as
in C. nastes, but differs in having the border without greenish spots, and
in the central spottings being yellowish. Expands about 1.50. Habi-
tat, Mountains of the Yo Semite, California.

GENUS X. TERIAS.
YELLOW AND ORANGE BUTTERFLIES.

Size, small. Colors, yellowish-white, yellow, or are
orange, conspicuously bordered with black. Central dot on
fore wings, present or absent, and there is none on the hind
pair. Fore wings, not pointed and never produced into
prominent angles, while the hind wings are rarely angled.
Anteiniae, short, with the club occupying the terminal
fourth. Type, T. lisa ( Plate II, 5. )

84. TERIAS NICIPPE Cram.
Bordered Orange.

Male, above, bright orange with dash at end of central cell of fore
wings, upper margin of fore wing, and outer margin of both pairs, dull
black ; lower margin of hind wings, yellow, interrupting the black bor-
der Beneath, yellow, more orange on fore wings; both pairs, border-
less, but central spot of fore wings is repeated, while apex of fore, and
whole surface of hind wings, are marked with wavy lines and dashes of
rufous that are inclined to form a l)and across the hind pair. Female,
similar but paler, and the rufous bar on lower side of hind wings, is more
prominent. Expands, 1.70 to 2,10. Habitat, Penn. to the Gulf of Mex-
ico. Mississippi Valley. Arizona. California, and rarely New England.
Occurs in Florida, from March until November. Fig. 17, b,

85. TERIAS PROTERPIA Fab,

Orange Terias,

Differs from T, nicippe in being of a redder orange, in having the

black bordering confined to the a])Q\ of fore wings, not reaching either

base or lower margin, and in the hind wings being without bordering.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

43

The outer margin is much angled, as in T. mexicana, Fig. 18, e. IJab-
itat, Texas and Arizona.

8G. TERIAS GUNDLACHIA Poey.

GUNDLACU'S TeRIAS.

Size and general form of T. proterpia; orange above, with a b'oad
black border to upper and outer margin of fore wings. Beneath, pale
orange on fore wings and whitish on hind. Habitat, Cuba, Texas, and
Arizona.

87. TERIAS MEXICANA Bd.

Mexican Terias.

Outer border of hind wings, produced into an angle, Fig. 18, e. Pale
yellow above, deeper on upi>er half of hind wings. There is a b'.'oad,
black band on fore wings, encroached upon in the middle, by the surface
yellow, Fig. 18, f, and there is a black border in middle of outer margin
of hind wings. Beneath, also pale yellow, palest on basal two thirds
of hind wings which are often nearly white. The only prominent mi?rk-
ings are, a central spot on fore wings, and a brownish, broken bar, ex-
tending across hind wing, above the angle. Expands, l.GO to 1.90.
Habitat, ^Icxico, Texas, Arizona, Southern California and Texas, also
rarely to 2s'ebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Ontario, (Point Pelee).
Appears to be extending its range north and east.

88. TERIAS DAMARIS Feld.

Broad Bordered Terias.

Form and general markings of T. mexicana, but color lemon yellow
with a broader and more continuous border to both wings. Paler below
with the hind wings more or less spotted with rufous. Expands, 1.25
to l.GO. Habitat, Arizona.

89. TERIAS WESTWOODII Bd.

Westwood's Terias.

About the size and form of T. nicippe. Orange above, with a nar-
row border of black around apex and along outer margin, Fig. 18, d.
Beneath, yellowish, with brownish markings on hind wings. Habitat,
West Indies and Texas.

44

NORTH AMERICAN BlITTERFLIES.

i«

:!,

•if

1:

00. TERIAS LISA Bd-Lec.

Little Bordered Yellow.

Plate II, o.

Sulphur yellow with upper margin of fore, and outer margin of
both pairs of wings bordcrcil with black. The border does not reach
the lower margin of the hind wings, and not always the lower border of
the fore, and is less extended in the female than in the male, often being
nearly absent on the hind wings. Spot on end of central cell, repre-
sented by a narrow transverse dash. Beneath, the border is absent, and
there is a round, rufous spot on outer margin of hind wings, near upper
edging, while the apex of fore, and entire surface of hind wings, are
more or less marked with short bars of rufous and dusky, that in some
cases are inclined to form bands. There is a yellowish white form ( nev-
er wholly white) seen in both sexes, with markhigs similar. Expands,
L05 to L45. Habitat, from Isles of Shoals (rare) through Eastern
Mass. (not common) south to theGulf of Mexico; also Western States,
Arizona, and rarely in Hamilton, Ontario. Occurs from March to Nov-
ember in Elorida, and in Mass. in July.

Fig. 18.

d e f

niustratiii^ the genus Tcriiis. a, upper siile bind wing, obthoa; c, U[iiicr Bide foro wing, same
Bpcciea: I), same, delia: d, Bamc, westwocdii: f. same, iMoxicanaj o, hind wing, upper eide, same
speciBB.

IJl. TERIAS DELIA Cram.
B/Vnded Yellow.

Size and form of T. lisn. but differs in being paler yellow and in
having a black band along lower margin of fore wings above a narrow,
orange margin, Fig. 18, b, this band being more indistinct in the female
where the orange margin is absent. Beneath, paler, with the rufous
and brownish marKings, but the round, rufdus spot on hind wings is ab-
sent. Expands, 1.10 to l.oO. Habitat, Gulf States. Occurs in the
summer.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

45

92. TERIAS JUCUNDA BiI-Lkc.

Pale-banded Yellow Terias.

Size and form of T. delia, and the markings above are similar, but
differs in being white beneath, overwashed with grayish, without prom-
inent markings, but the center of the fore wings are tinged with yellow.
Expands, 1.25 to 1.45. Habitat, Gulf States. Occurs from March to
October.

93. TERIAS ELATIIEA Cram.
Small Banded Terias

General coloration of T. jucunda but differs in being smaller, in
having the bordering to upper margin of fore wings entirely black, not
overwashed with yellowish, and in the black, sub-marginal band of low-
er edge being narrower. Fig. 18, c, while the hind wings are white on
both surfaces, not yellow above, and the bordering is more continuous,
instead of behig broken into spots toward the inner angle. Beneath,
similar to jucunda. Female, with markings less distinct. Expands,
1.10 to 1.25. Habitat, Cuba and other West Indies. I have a single
specimen in my collection, that 1 took at Enterprise, Florida, in May,
18SG.

Note. For description of a species of Terias, allied to lisa, see
Appendix.

Family II. NYMPHALIDAE. Field Butterflies.

Size, large or medium. Antennae, straight, with tfie
club rounded and prominent, never hooked. Eyes, promi-
nent. Central cell of both wings, either open, or closed
by a slight vein.

Fore legs are usually incomplete. Compare Plate 1, 1,
with Plate II, 2.

GENUS XT.

HELICONIA. VELVETY BUTTERFLIES.

Size, medium. Colors, black, conspicuously marked
with yellows, reds, and other brilliant tints. Fore wings.

46

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

long find narrow, twice as long as wide. Hind wings, short
and oval. Antennae, nearly as long as l)ody. Central
cell, closed. Type, H. charitonia ( Plate III, 1 ).

D4. IIELICONIA CHARITONIA Linn.
Yellow-banded Butterfly.

Above, velvety black, with six bands of lemon yellow, three to each
wing, nearly i»arallel with lower margin of fore, and upper margin of
hind, wings ; the last two on hind, broken into spots. Beneath, paler,
with lower row of spots on hind wings extending around outer margin.
On lower margin of hind wings, are four crimson-lake spots, and an
elongated one on base of upper margin of fore wings. Expands, 2.50
to 4.00. Habitat, Tropical America, some of the West Indies, and Flor-
ida, north to South Carolina. Occurs in Florida throughout the year.

GENUS XII. DANAIS. VEINED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, large. Colors, reddish, conspicuously veined with
black below, and spotted with white. Wings, large and
wide. Antennae, but little exceeding one half the length
of the body. Central cell, closed. The males have a black
tubercle in the cell below the central, on the hind wings.
Type, D. Berenice. (Plate III, 2. )

95. DANAIS ARCIIIPPUS Fab.

Milk Weed Butterfly.

Size, large. Color, above, reddish yellow with both wings margined
and veined with black -svhich on the outer margin, contains a double row
of Avhite spots, and there is a group of eight or nine reddish and white
spots near upper margin of fore wing, Fig, IJ), b. Beneath, Naples yel-
low on hind wings and on apex of fore, but the remainder of the latter
is reddish, paler than above, and the markings on both are repeated, with
the white sp(jttings larger. Sexual spot appears only on the upper sur-
face; body, spotted with white. Expands, 4.(XJ to 4.40. Habitat, from
British America and Ontario, southward to the Gulf of Mexico and the
West Indies, Occurs in Florida throughout the year, and in Mass. in
Julv and August.

NOUTII AMKRICAN BUTTEIIFLIES.

47

1)G. DANAIS BERENICE Cham.

Maroon Iji;tterfly.

Plate 111, 2.

Size, medium. Male, above, uniform maroon or yellowish chest-
nut. Upper margin of fore, and outer margin of both, wings, bordered
with dull black, which on fore wings and on upper portion of hind, en-
closes a double row of white spots. There is a cluster of white spots
on upper margin of fore wings, and a sub-marginal row of white spots.
Beneath, paler, witu the markings repeated, and the hind wings are
black veined, and tliese vemings are narrowly edged with white, while
the border has the double row of whi|| spots. The sexual tuburcle is
seen on both surfaces, but is white-centered belnv. Female does not
have the double row of spots quite reach the lower margin of fore wing,
and is represented on the hind wing, by a single dot on upper margin.
Body, spotted with white. Expands, 2.00 to '2,Ho. Habitat, Southern
States to Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Fig. 19.

a b

n, Bircenna jermima, upper side, b, Panais archippus, fore wing, lower siUo ; c, same, D. Btri-

gosa.

97.

DANAIS STRIGOSA Bates.

Pallied Maroon.

Size of D. berenice and the general markings arc the same. The
fore wings are a little more pointed, and the general color is mucli paler;
the spottings on border of hind wings are continued with more or less
distinctness, the entire length of the border. Beneath, very pale, maroon
only in the central cell of fore wings, and there is an additional white
spot in the end of this cell, and another, of triangular form, l)etween the

n

I i

ill

48

NOIITII AMKIUCAN BUTTKIIFLIKS.

lower and middle hranches of middle vein, near the central cell, Fij;. 10,
c, aTid tiio white edgings to the veinings arc more conspicuous. Expands,
2.G0 to 2.7r». Habitat, Texas, Arizona, and Southern California.

GPLNUS XIII.
DIRCENNA. TIIIN-WINGED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, niediuin to large. Colore, dull red, more or less
spotted with lighter. Antennae, more than two-thirds the
length of the body. Fore wings, longer than twice the
vld(h;lund wings, short;, and both are rounded at apex
and are triangular. Body, long, projecting considerably
beyond hind wings. See Fig. 19, a.

OS. DIRCENNA KLUGII Hub.

IlUBNEIl'S BlTTKUFLY.

Form of D. jermiraa, Fig. 10, a. Reddish brown above, darker on
apex of f<ire wings, and spotted with lighter. (For fuller description
sec Appendix.) Habitat, Mexico, rare in Southern Texas.

GENUS XIV. COLAENIS. RED LONG-WINGS.

Size, medium to large. Colors, reddish above, bor-
dered, and often banded, but not very conspicuously, with
black. Clouded below. Antennae, about three-fourths as
long as body. Fore wings, longer than twice their width,
rounded at apex. Hind wings, short, wider than long, and
triangular. Central cell, closed. Body, not projecting''
beyond hind wing. Tyi'k, C. julia. (Plate III, -S. )

90. COLAENIS JULIA Fab.

Julia's Butterfly.
Size, large. Male, above, bright reddish orange, whitish on -per
fourth of hind wings, with prominent veins on fore wings, upper muigin
of fore, and band crossing obli(|Ucly from upper vein to outer marsriu of
both wings, dull black. Within the bordering of hind wings, are two
rows of narrow, reddish sjtots. Beneath, much paler, clouded with

NORTH AxMERICAN BUTTEHFUES.

49

darker ; there is a narrow sub-marginal band of brownish which becomes
most cnnspicuous in elongated spots of whitisli, on upper and lower an-
gles of outer margin of hind, and lower angle of fore, Avings, and enclo-
ses elsewhere a reddish line. Tiiere are two minute, black-ringed, white
spots at base of hind wings, outside of which is a small triangular spot
of reddish, from which, to the outer margin of the wing, runs a dusky
band. Female, much duller, with obli(iue, ])lack band on fore wings,
somewhat incomplete, but the borderings are wider. Beneath, the cloud-
ings assume the form of more regular patches ; the marginal band is
more prominent; and the basal portion of upper margin of fore, and a
bordering along the basal half of tiie band on hind wings, are whitish.
Expands, JJ.lT) to o.oi). Habitat, Southern Florida and Texas.

KM). COLAENIS DELILA Fab.

West Indian Long-wing.

Similar in size and form to C. julia, but differs in being of a yel-
lowish o'-ange color above, in having the black bordering reduced to a
narrow fringe, and the obli(iue band on fore wings, is represented by two
spots. Fig. 21, d. Beneath, the cloudings are broken up into smaller
patches. Habitat, Bahamas and other West Indies, and rarely, Texaa.

GENUS XV.

AGRAULIS. RED WINGS.

Size, medium. Colors, red conspicuously marked with
bliick al)o\e, and spotted below. Antennae, about two-
thirds as long as the body. F'ore wings a little wider than
one half their length ; hind wings about as wide as long.
Body, not reaching to the extremity of the hind wings.
Type, A. vanillae. ( Plate three, 4. )

101. AGRAULIS VANILLAE Linn.
Red Silver-wing.

Above, rich reddish-orange, with sub-marginal band of spots on
fore wings, Avithin which are three spots , at end of central cell, is a tri-
angular spot, and in the middle of the cell are two spots, and all three
of tlioso cellular spots contain a dot of white. Hind wings, with a mar-
ginal bund containing a row of reddish spots, while inside of this are
three spots, all these markings being l)lack Beneath, on fore wing.

I'm

f M

fll

|!|

l:f

■ 'I

: i

il

fl

•III

M

50

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

the black spots in central cell are repeated but enlarged, the- other spots
in the middle of tiie ^ving are also repeated, and a portion of those on
outer margin. Tlie ground color is not as bright but is tinted with
crimson lake at base of wings. The apex of fore, and whole surface of
hhic) wings, yelluwish brown, spangled with numerous black-ringed,
silver spots, as seen in Fig. 20. There are crimson points at the base
of both wings. Female, with ground color, duller. Expands, 2.75 to
3.40. Habitat, Southern States, Ariz(jua, and Californa, but has been
taken at Coalburgh, West Virginia ; Cape May,ls^cw Jersey; and Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania.

Fig. 20.

rtgraulis vnniUui.; .'i, I'lWfi-shli', \<, clirysali?, Iron!, i', same sulo, d, same buck.

GENUS XVJ.

ARGYNNIS. SILVER-SPOTS.

Size, small to lanre. Colors, iisuallv ()rano;e or red-
dish oraii<xe al>ove, conspicuously spotted and l)andodwith
black. With tlie majority of species, the hind "\vinsi;s be-
neath, are conspicuously s})otted Avith silver. Wings, large,
not pointed nor produced into prominent angles. Anten-
nae, long, exceeding one-half the length of the body, and
the club is flat and enlarged suddeidy, occupying only a
small portion of the tip of the antennae. Type, A. apiiro-
DiTi:. ( Plate four, 1.)

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

r>i

102. ARGYNNIS IDALIA Drury.
IIeoal Silver Winij.

Size, lar<50. Sexes, differently marked. iNIale, fore 'tvings, above
reddish orange Avith outer marginal border undivided, and continuing
around upper and lower margin. ]\Iarkings, as in type but not ({uite
,is prominent. Hind Avings, blue black, Avith two rows of spots, the in-
ner bluish white and the outer orange. Central spot, black with base
of wing Avithin it, reddish. Fig, 21, b. Beneath, red<lcr on fore wings,
with markings repeated; additional silver spots on apex and on a sub-
marginal band. Hind wings, more yellowish Avith yclloAvish silver spots
as in Fig. 21, c. Female, differs in having the border on outer margin
of fore Avings above, Avider and enclosing a roAV of ycUoAvish spots, Avhile
both roAvs of spots on hind Aving are yellowish. Expands, o.oO to o.SO.
Habitat, Maine to Nebraska, south to Ncav Jersey and Pennsylvania,
also Arkansas. Occurs from July to Seiitember.

AsiiTAROTH Fish, is an aberrant form Avith only one roAv of spots
above on hind A'ings, and Avith silver spottings beneath much extended.

103. ARGYNNIS DIANA Cram.
Diana Butterfly.

Size, large. Sexes, utterly different on both surfaces. Male, above
velvety broAvn, with outer third of both Avings orange, crossed by dark
veinings, and containing tAvo, rather faintly indicated, roAvs of spots, Fig.
21, a. Beneath, i)ale orange, Avith outer third of fore Avings unmarked,
and Avith the inner third having the usual markings of the genus, but
somcAvhat obscured by fusion, especially along veins. Hind Avings,
dusky on basal tAvo-thirds, Avith three or four faintly indicated, silver
spots ; a band of elongated, black spots crosses the Aving:and there is a
sub-marginal roAV of black-ringed, crescent-shaped, silver spots.

Female, blue black above, Avith throe roAvs of bluish spots crossing
outer third of fore Aving, and tAVo on hind, the outer narroAv, the inner
broad, and enclosing a roAv of l)lack spots. Beneath, greenish or reddish
broAvn, tinged A\ith purplish on the outer third of fore Avings Avhich are
crossed by tAvo roAVS of bluish ^pots, Avithin Avhich are about eight blu-
ish spots arranged in a rather suffused i)attern of black markings, as
seen in the male. Hind Avings, Avith tAvo narrow, black-edged, Avhitish
Hues. Expands, o.iloto 4.00. Habitat, West Virginia to Georgia, and
from Southern Ohio to Illinois, also Kentucky, Tenncsee and Arkan-
sas. Occurs from July to September.

w

^1 ! It

52

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

1()4. ARGYN^JIS NOKOMIS Edw.

Ei>waiid's Silver-spot.

Size, largo. Sexes, uttei'ly different above. Male, briglit reddish
orange, witli outer border brighter than in typo, divided, and the pattern
of fore wing as in type, -with base of wing, dusky. Hind Avings, "with
spottings as hi Fig. '2'o, a, the third row of spots being separate, and
basal third of wing dusky. Ueneath, ocherous yellow, crimson lake on
lower margin, and base (. ' fore wing marked as al)ove, but Avith silver
spottings in apex. Hind wings, with wide space between first and sec-
ond row of silver spots, the latter having a row of dusky spots outside
them, and fewer silver spots within, about seven. Female, yellowish
above, brownish at base of wings, and with the other markings of the
male in a much fused and enlarged pattern. Fore v '.igs, tinged with
red. Eeneatli, similar to the male. Exjjands, o.40 to o.GO. Habitat,
Northern Arizona and Southern Utah.

iOr,. AUGYN2^1S NITOCIIIS Edw.
Strecker's Aruynnis.

Sexes, unlike. Size, large. jNlale, above, reddish orange with ba-
sal half of wings obscured with dusky, Avith the usual wing pattern of
markings, but the first three or four spots in outer row are fused and
so rest on the outer line. The hind wings are marked nmch as in A.
nokomis. Beneath, the fore wings are bright cinnamon-red, with the
aitex ocherous yellow, and a brown patch within the line of crescentic
spots near apex, that contain three silver ^pots, while there are three or
or four silver spots in the first lunules, with other markings repeated.
Hind wings, bright ferrugineous, as in A. aphrodite, in ground color.
First row if silver sj^jts. narrower than in aphrodite and edged inwardly
with ferrugineous. In the second row, the seven spots are rather round;
the first, second, and sixth, are about diual in size: third and fifth, long
oval : seventh, semi-lunate, all heavily margined w ith black within. In
the third row, the first and thii-d are suIj lunate, ond the second, round,
eilged with black, and in the cell, is a round spot, and an oval one Ixjlow
it, both ringoil with black. Expands, o.on. Habitat, Southern Arizo-
na to Nevada.

10(5. ARGYNNIS LETO J5i:iiu.

DlSKY SlI,Vi:R-WIN(i.

Size, form, and color al)ove, most like those of A. cybele, but differs
in having tiie sub-marginal row ofcrescents wider on upper side of hind

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

53

1'!

wing, and the third row of spots, nearly all fused together, Fig, 22, a,
and one in cell below the central is heart-shaped and larger. Beneath,
the colors are darker than in aphrodite, the apex of fore wings, and all
hut ocherous, suh-marginal space (which is as clear as in cybele) on
hind wings, are overwashed with dusky. The silver spots of outer row
are small; there are only six in the second row, the three upper large,
and the remainder small, while within these, arc only six basal ; thus
these spottings are reduced nearly, or quite, to the minimum. Sexes,
strikingly unlike. Female, dark brown on basal i)ortions of wings above
with the usual markings outside of this, but the interspaces are ocher-
ous yellow. Beneath, differs from the male, in being more dusky and
in having the silver spottings larger. Expands, 2.0O to 3.0<). Habitat,
California, Oregon, Washington Territory, Nevada, and Montana.

Fig. 21.

.0, Argynnls diana, upiioi Ride liiiid wiiitj: b, Banio A. idalia: c, Icwcr Biilc of sanic ; c, apex, fore
wing, lower side of same: f, club of aiiteniiae, ( enlar;,'fil ) same siiocics : d, furo wing, upper side,
Colaeuisdelila.

107. ARGYNNIS CYBELE Fab.

Yellow-banded Silveu-wixo.

Size of A. aphrodite, or averaging a little larger, with the sexes
not strikingly dissimilar, but differs in having the basal half of l)Oth
wings, dusky, and the three upper, black spots of the third row on hind
wings, are fused together, while to these, is often added, the fourth.

Beneath, there is no cinnamon red on the base of fore wings; the
basal portion of the hind wings is paler; and the ferrugineous does not
encroach upon tiie ocherous yellow, between the iirst and second outer
rows of silver spots. Expands, 2.75 to ;>.:!.■■». IIal)ltat, Atlantic States,
and throughout the West to Nebraska, Ontario, Quebec, and Fort Ed-
monton, British America. Occurs in Julv and August.

ill ^

54

NORTH AMBRICAN BUTTERFLIES.

\ if '

i ri *

,>;''«

pi

iir

107a. Aroynxis cybele carpenterii Edw. Differs from typical
cybele in being smaller, darker incoloratiou above, and rather brighter
below. Expands, 1.25 to l.GO. Habitat, Taos Peak, New Mexico, and
Montana, and Nebraska.

108. ARGYNNIS APHRODITE Fab.

Dark Silver-wing.

Plate IV, 1.

Size, large. Sexes, not essentially different. Above, reddish orange
which is brightest on fore wings, with the base of wings but little dusky.
Fore wings, not heavily marked ; crescents on hind, not wide ; and none
of the spots in thii'd row are fused together, while the two upper are
placed farther from the margin than in A. cybele. All of the basal spots
are clearly defined, not obscured by dusky surr<jundings. Beneath, us-
ually the ferrugineous of hind wing, is brighter than in cybele, and this
encroaches, more or less, upon the sul>marginal interspace, between the
outer and second row of silver spots, and the basal portion of the wing.
Silver spots, twenty-five or more. Markings below m this species, as
in nearly all members of the genus, are variable and cannot absolutely
be relied upon; thus the markings above on the hind wings, present the
most positive points by which the majority (if the si)ecies can be identi-
fied. Expands, 2.7r) to o.2-j. Habitat, Northern, Middle, and Western
States, south to Teimesce, west to Nebraska, Montana, and Kansas,
north to Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Fort Edmonton, British
America. Flies with A. cybele in New England, and northward in June
and July; further south, is two brooded, occurring in June and Septem-
ber.

lOi). ARGYNNIS ALCESTRIS Edw.

FERRlfilNEOUS SrLVER-WrN(}.

Size and general coloration of A. aphrodite, but differs in having
the dusky at base of ])oth wings above, not as extended, an additional
round, black spot within the usual markings on. hind wings, and the
entire a1)sence of any clear ocherous, sub-marginal border. Expands,
2.00 to o.OO. Habitat, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Montana, and Colorado.

110. ARGYNNIS CYPRIS Edw.

Cypris Silver-si'ot.

Similar to aphrodite but with form of nausicaa, and the cdors are

about as bright, but the markings are even heavier, and the second spot

on third row of hind wings above, is not as largo. Beneath, the buff

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

55

although rather more extended on hind wing, is overwashed with dusky.
Expands 2.75 to 3.00. Habitat, iVrizona.

111. ARGYNNIS NAUSICAA Edw.

Arizona Silver-spot.

Similar to ai)hrodite, but differs in being brighter in color, in hav-
ing fore wings more pointed, and in averaging heavier markings above,
the second spot in third row, on hind wing, being extended inward and
fused with that of the fourth row. Fig. 22, b. Beneath, very bright on
basal portion of fore wing, but there is less rusty red on hind wing, the
interspace being comparatively clear, and the buff under coloring is also
visable between other spots. Expands, 2.50. Habitat, Arizona.

112. ARGYNNIS LAIS Edw.

Lais Silver-\vin(j.

Smaller than A. aphrodite, but with the spots on hind wings above,
even more isolated. Beneath, the color of the sub-marginal band is
clearer yellow. Expands about 2.00. Llabitat, Fort Edmonton, Brit-
ish America.

li;J. AllGYNMS ATLANTIS Edw.
Mountain Silver-wing.

Smaller than A. aphrodite, of the same color above, but differs in
having the upper half of marginal band of both wings undivided, Fig.
22, c, and in having the third row of spots mostly fused, as in cybele.
Fig. 22, b. Basal portions of wings, dusky. Beneath, the ground col-
or of hind wings is much more dusky, showing little ferrugineous..

Expands, 2.40 to 2.()5. Habitat, Northern New England, New
York, Iowa, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Brit
ish America. Occurs late in July and August.

i' ill

I '1

r

114. ARGYNNIS ELECTA Edw.
Electa Silver-spot.
Form . and general color of atlantis, but paler, markings slighter,
bordering divided, and with fewer silver spots beneath. Expands, 2.10
to 2.40. Habitat, Colorada, Montana, and Los Vegas, New Mexico.

^re
lot
luff

11

J.

ARGYNNIS COLUMBIA H. Edw.

Columbian Silver-winis.
Very similar to atlantis but somewhat resembles hesperis below.
Habitat, Lakes Laiiache and Quesnelle, British Columbia.

56

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

'ii l>\.

'■ !. '! -»

116. ARGYNNIS IIESPERIS Edw.

Hesperian Silver-wing.
Size and general coloration of A. atlantis above, but differs beneath
on hind wing, in having the ground color more rusty ; the spots fewer,
less than twenty-four, Fig. 2o, b,and buff, not silver. Expands, l2.;>0 to
2.40. Habitat, Colorado, Utah, and Montana.

117. ARGYNNIS IIIPPOLYTA Edw.

Oregon Silver-wing.

Quite similar to egleis, but differs in having the markings above
heavier ; beneatli tlie wings are rusty red, leaving only a very narrow
sub-marginal mterspace. Expands, 2.00 to 2.2o. Habitat, Oregon.

^^^

a

lUiistiatinj,' tlio gcnim Aru'viiiiis. Uinii'i- side liitid winss : a, loto; li, cyboli;; c, atlantis: d,
nausiciia.

118. ARGYNNIS BREMNERII Edw.
Bremner's Butterfly.

Size, smaller than A. cybelo, but of about the same color and gen-
eral heavy markings above, the sub-marginal crescents on hind w ings,
however, being larger, Fig. 2-">, c, and the spots in the third row are
fused their entire length. Beneath, the colors are more those of atlan-
tis but with the ground color more rusty, and the silver spots within the
second row arc fewer, eight, not ten, and seven in first and second rows.
Expands, 2.00 to 2.70. Habitat, Britisli Columbia and Washington
Territory. Occurs in July and August.

11!). ARGYNNIS ZERENE Bd.

California Buff-win(j.
Size of A. atlantis but resembles hesperis, and differs in having the
third row of black spots on hind w lags above, more continuously fused
and wider, Fig. 2;j, d, with the markings on fore wings, heavier. Be-
neath, tiie buff spottings on hind wing are larger, on the second row and

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

1

!i!:

basal portion of the wing, and on the latter portion, there are ten instead
of seven, with a pinkish tinge to the buff interspace. Expands, 2.10 to
2.40. Habitat, California and Nevada.

120. ARGYNNIS MONTICOLA Beiir.
Moi'NTAiN Buff-wing.

Similar to A. zerene, but differs in hnving rather less cinnamon
red on base of fore wing below, in being rather more rusty red on hind
wings, and in having the clear interspaces strongly tinged with pinkish.
Buff spottings as in zerene, Fig. 2o, e. Habitat, Mountains of Califor-
nia, Nevada, Montana, and Summit, British America. Occurs in June
and July.

llOa. Argynnis monticola purpurascens H. Edw. Like the
type, but differs in being smaller, in having heavier markings above,
and with a decided purplish overwashing on the entire lower surface.

121. ARGYNNIS RHODOPE Edw.

Wood Silver-wino.

About the size of A. monticola but more heavily marked above,
especially on hind wings. Beneath, the fore wings are deep, rusty red
basally, and the hind wings are heavily washed wit.: *,he same color, with
little or no pale interspace, and this is never wholly clear. Spottings,
smaller, especially the outer row of crescents. Fig. 24, a, and all are sil-
vered, excepting the second row, and in the female, these being buff.
Expands, 2.20 to 2.40. Habitat, British Columbia.

122. ARGYNNIS BEHRENSII Edw.
Beiiren's Silver-wing.
About the same size as A. hesperis, paler, but the markings above
are similar, while the spottings are of the same number ; form, and color
of fore wings below, also similar, but the spots are silvered, and the
ground color of hind wings is dark rusty red, as in rliodopo. but there
is a more or less clear interspace. Fig. 2."), b. Expands, 2.20 to 2.40.
Habitati Mendocino, California.

123. ARGYNNIS IIALCYONE Edw.
Velie's Butterfly.
A little larger than A. behrensii, with about the same ground col-
or, but the markings above are heavier, the under surface of the fore
wing is paler, Avhile the rusty of the hind wing, is about as deep in shade;

^1

58

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTKRFLIEg,

there are more clear spq,ces, and the silver spots are larger, Fig, 25, b.
Expands, 2.50. Habitat, Colorado and Wyoming.

124. ARGYNNIS CORONIS Behr.

Pallid Silver-wing.

Size and color of A. aphrodite and the markings above are similar,
but are even more isolated on the hind wing, Fig, 25, a. Beneath, while
the oiimamon red is quite bright, the rusty is represented only, by a pale
washing, and the silver spots of marginal row on hind wings, are not as
triangular. Habitat, Southern California; Shasta, California; Utah;
Washington Territory; Montana; Belly River, and Crow's Nest, Brit-
ish America.

125. ARGYNNIS CHITONE Edw.

CiiiTONE Butterfly.

Size of egleis but differs in being paler above, the rusty red of hind
wings below is paler, the sub-marginal interspace is clear, and although
there are no silver spotting on fore wings below, those of the hind wings
are slightly silvered. Expands, 2,25 to 2 50 Habitat, Utah, Arizona,
and California.

126. ARGYNNIS CALLIPPE Bd.

California Silver-wing.
Size of atlantis, with black marginal line nearly undivided, and the
whole upper surface much obscured with dusky ; there is a band of light
spots crossing both wings, especially noticeable on the hind, Fig. 25, d.
The colors beneath are paler, there being no reddish on base of fore
wings, thus the clear spots are more extended, and the silver spots on
hind wings are larger. Expands, 2.00 to 8.00. Habitat, California.
Occurs in June.

127. ARGYNNIS NEVADENSIS Edw.
Nevada Green-wing.

Wings, long and narrow, especially hhid ones. Rather pale yellow-
ish red above. Spots of third row on hind whigs, fused together, and
the one in the central cell is placed much nearer the margin than usual,
in fact, displacing the sjwt in the second row, which is very small. Spot
within these, in central cell, shaped like an inverted C, and within this
are two small dots, Fig. 2-1-, c. Base of wings, barely tinged with dusky.
Beneath, base of fore wings and along ve.'ns, cinnamon, while the tip of
these and hind wings, are mottled witli grocnisli, usually surrounding the

i

fl

.

XPLANAno:^ OF FIGVRES ON PLATE IV,

EXPL

•1/

. v.. -T Eupt^eta Claudia.
1. Avgynnis aphvodi e -• Eresia fri^ia.

1 .HT, 4 riiyciodes tharos. <J-
taea pliaeton. *. -^ ^

Meli-

PLATE IV,

■> ■!

4

in

North American Butterflies.

C. J, M.

I <

i.a

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

69

silver spots wliich are about twenty-four ; seven m first row, seven in tlie
second, four in tlurd (lur<^c), and five or six basal. Expands, '2.-0 to
2.80. Ilabittxt, Kevada, Utah, and Montana.

127a. Aruynnlsnhvadkxsls mk.vdii lubv. Smaller than typical
nevadensis, rather brighter in color, Avith the green beneath brighter and
extended on to the margin of both wrngs. Expands, 2.20, Habitat,
Colorado and Montana.

128. AIIGYNNIS EDWARDSII Reak.

Euward'.s Green-wing.
Larger than A. nevadensis, brigliter in color above, with the third
roAV of spots on hind wings ab^ve, not all fused, and the sjwt in central
cell of second row is large. Fig. 2o, c. Beneath, the green is extended
over the entire surface of the hind wings. Female, much obscured with
dusky above. Expamls, 2.80 to 3.00. Habitat, Colorado, Montana,
and the Blackfoot Reserve, British America.

11

a b c e

Illustrating the genus Argynnis. a, upper side hind wing, noliomi9:b, same, hespcris; b b,
lower side same wing, same species; cupper side same, bremnerii ; d, same zorcno: e, Iowit side
same Wing, monticola, f, antennae (enlarged) same species; g, apex fore wing, upper siiie; ailantis.

129. ARGYNNIS LILIAN A II. Edw.
Lilia's Silver-wixg.
Size, form, and general coloration of A. atlantis, but differs in being
much less heavily marked above, Avith divided border line, and having
a distinct inverted C in central cell of hind wing above, Fig 24, d. Be-
neath, on fore wings buff, more entended, encroaching upon central cell
and extending along veins on lower margin ; sub-marginal interspace on
hind wing, clear. Silver spots are larger. Expands, 2.20 to 2 2.">. Hab-
itat, California and Utah. Occurs in July and August.

60

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

i.i

I) i

II

^ !i

Baronii Edw. is an aberrant form with marginal lines heavy and
with some of the spots fused into bands, a peculiarity that I have seen
assumed by other members of the genus.

130. ARGYNNIS RUPESTRIS Behr.
Beiir's Buff-aving.

Smaller than A. zerene but about the same color above; differs in
being more heavily marked, with the spot in central cell, in third row,
placed nearer the outer margin of the wing, Fig. 20, a. Beneath, bright-
er red on the base of fore wings, and the outer sub-marginal row of six)ts
are partly silvered, the remainder being wholly buff. Expands, 2.10 to
2.oO. Habitat, California ; Mt. Shasta, Mt. Bradle v, and Weber Mount-
ains, Utah.

loOa. Ar(}YNNis RUPESTRIS IRENE Edw. Differs from the type,
rupestris, in being darker in color above, with the spots below on hind
wing larger, with the sub-marginal band narrower,

131. ARGVN^sTS LAURA Edw.

Laura's Silvep-wing.

Size and form of A. altantis, markings above nearly as heavy, but
beneath, the colors are ratl)er more red than even in liliana, and the
sub-marginal interspace is ])roportionately as large as in cybeleand as
clear, but the silver spots are small as in atlantis. Expands 2.20 to 2.25.
Habitat, California and Nevada.

132. ARGYNNIS MACARIA Edw.

^LvcARiA Butterfly.

Similar to coronis, Imt smaller, Ijrightor above, witli the markings
heavier, the crescents and inner border line of hind \vin<f. bcinir con-
nected, and in the third row the spots are continuous, Fig. 20, b, Be-
neath, about as pale as in nevadensis, with very little red on])r"al por-
tion of fore wings. Expands, 2.25 to 2.50. Habitat, California and
Nevada.

132. ARGYNNIS INORNATA Edw.
Plain Biit-win(;.

Similar to A. rui)estris in general markings, but differs in being
paler, especially the female, in having the black Iwrdering nearly undi-
vided, mucli as in atlantis, and the spottings on hind wings are not as
heavy. Fig. 2(1. c. . Beneath, the red atba^seof fore wings and on outer

NORTH AAIEllICAN BUTTERFLIES.

61

hind wings, is obscured with dusky, but as in rupestris, the buff, sub-
marginal interspace is clear, and the outer, marghial row of spots is
slightly silvered. Expands, 2.50 to 2.70. Habitat, California and Ne-
vada.

133. ARGYNNIS SEMIRAMIS Edw.

Semikamis Butterfly.

Similar to coronis but diflfers in being more lightly marked above,
all of the spots on hind wings above being Avidcly isolated, Fig. 2(5, d.
Beneath, the colors are paler and the spottings smaller. Expands, 2.20
to 2.75. Habitat, San Bernardir'', California.

134. ARGYISNIS AWANTE Bd.
Adiante Buff-wing.

Similar to zerene but differs in being paler above and more lightly
marked, and the black bcrderings are very slight; beneath, paler, but
with no silvering. Expands, 2.25. Habitat, Santa Clara Mountains,
California.

1

oa.

ARGYNNIS ARTONIS Edw.
Artonis Buff-wino.
Similar to eurynome, but differs in having no silver on spotting be-
low, while the marginal spots of tiiis sui-face are neprly obliterated on
Expands, 1.50 to l.!>0. Habitat, Colorado and Nevada.

both wings.

13G.

ARGYNNIS CLIO Edw.
Clio Butterfly.
Sinii-.a) to eurynome but differs in having no silver spots below, but
the marginal spots of this surface are present. Expands, 2.<K). Hal)-
itai Montana, and British America, at Crow's Nest and Head of Peace
River.

137. ARGYNNIS ORIS Euw.
Oi'is Bi'tterfly.
Similar to eurynome but diffei-s in being smaller with much lighter
markings above, and border lines more or less divided. Fig. 2(i, a. Be-
neath, paler with the si)ots smaller, and varying with individuals, as to
the amount of silvering, frciiuently, there being none: the sub-margiual
spots of dai-ker, are obsolete. Expands, 1.8(» to l.l»0. Habitat, Bald
Mountain, British Columbia.

i.

■m

i.il

62

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

L

urn

138. ARGYNNIS BISCIIOFFII Edw.

Bischoff's Silver-wl\g.

Larger than myrina, and about as heavily marked on fore wings,
but the third row of spots on hind wings is broken, the lower three, only,
being fused, and nearly the whole of the lower half of the wing, and the
entire bordering line, is dusky. Fig. 27, a. Beneath, similar to euryno-
me, but with the hind wing tinged with greenish. Sub-marginal inter-
space, clear. Female, more dusky above, with most of the interspace
ocherous. Expands, 1.80 to l.!i(>. Habitat, Sitka, Alaska.

189. ARGYNNIS EURYNOME Edw.
EuRYNOME Butterfly.

Similar to atlantis, lighter above, with the marginal bin-deving un-
divided and the sub-marginal crescents are cnnnected with it. while the
inverted C in central cell of liind wing is isolated, Fig. 27, b. Beneath,
rather paler, inclined to greenish on hind wings, but the sub-mai'ginal
interspace is clear huff, and the buff on f jre wings is more extended tow-
ard the base. Spottings silvered on both wings. Expands. 1.7<>to
2.0(1. Habitat, Colorado, Montana, and British America. Occurs in
June and July.

ARcn'xxLs EURYNOME ERiNNA Edw. Similar to type above. , ut
differs m being nearly covered with rusty red on lower surface of hind
wings, leaving very little buff.

Fig. 24.

llliistriilihi,' till' vfi'inis ArL'yiiii;^. n, iiinlcr hMi', liiiui win;;, rliiiilope; b, Biimi', hi'lir'iisii; o,
u|j|iprBiik' B!iiii(' wiii){ nevadeiisis; <1, Bainc, liliiiiKi.

UO. ARGYNNIS MONTIYAGA Beiir.

M0NTIVA(iA BuFF-WIN(i.

Similar to eurynome in size Imt differs in color, in having the sub-
marginal spots silvered and others dull white, or more or less tinged with
buff and all of the spots are black bordered. Habitat, Sierras, L'alil'ur-
nia and Nevada.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

63

141. ARGYNNIS EGLEIS Bd.

EoLEis Butterfly.

Similar to A. monticola in color, smaller, and the sub-margmal line
of crescents on hind wings are lighter, but all of the other markings are
proportiunately heavy, Fig. 27, c. Beneath, there is less rusty red; the
sub-marginal interspace being comparatively clear, and the spots are
more decidedly bulF. Expands about 2.<i0. Habitat, California and
i»Ievada.

142. ARGYNNIS MYRINA Cram.
Silver-bordered Butterfly.

Size, small, reddish orange above. Both wings have the marginal
border and sub-marginal crescents connected, and within these is a row
of spots ; tlien the fore wings have the usual markhigs of members of
the genus, but the base of hind wings is marked with an mtricate pat-
tern, seen in Fig. 27, d. Beneath, markings of fore wmgs repeated but
more isolated, omitting the (juter border which is replaced with rusty
red that extends over the apex ; and both wings have a sub-marginal row
of silver spots, black-edged within on fore, and rusty edged on hind
wings, whore the black border is also replaced with rusty, and the wing
within IS checked with ])uft' and rusty. There is a sub-marginal row
of buff-ringed, brown spots within which are three rows of silver spots,
and there is a silver-ringed black spot in central cell. Expands, 1.75
to 1.8.-». Habitat, New England tu Montana and Colorado, north to
#ntario. Quebec, Nova Scotia, British America, and Sitka, Alaska.
Occurs from June until September.

143. ARGYNNIS TRICLARIS Hub.

IIubxer's Argynnis.

flMhrto A. myrina; but differs in having no silver spots on bor-

4w 'if wiiags b»?luw, and in having one central, and one basal row of sil-

)n hind wings below. Fig. 27, e, with arow of silver dots in

ai inTrfTspace. Expands, l.."JO. Habitat, Arctic America;

uudC loradi;.

144. AEGYNNIS HELENA Edw.

Southern Silver-spot.

*^"^ 1 -'-or 1 .nipearenoe ' f niontinus, but differs in beinjr more

buff .., 1 .... ic bc..._ a sprit nf rhis color, of a i)eculiar form, near the

hmai i)on»in of the appcr l^^^-der of the laud wings .lelow, Fig. 28, a.

'^im

M

'T

!

\w

i

iii

64

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

White markings below much as in chariclea.
Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Habitat, Mountains of

140. ARGYNNIS MONTINUS Scud.

Mountain Red.

Similar to myrina but differs in having the border lines above, sep-
arated from the sub-marginal crescents. Beneath, there is no border-
ing row of silver spots on fore wings, but one of small spots on hind
wings, witliin which is a zigzag band of black, followed by seven dull,
silver spots arranged as seen in Fig. 28, a, and the wing is decidedly
angular on outer border. Expands 1 .OOto 1.75. Habitat, White Mount-
ains of New Hampshire. Occurs in July andAugust.

14G. ARGYNNIS CHARICLEA Sciineid.
Dusky Butterfly.

Similar to myrina, but differs in having a paler, less clear, ground
color, with the extreme base of fore, and basal half of hind, wings, red-
dish dusky, nearly black. The bordering lines are much slighter and
are separated from the more slender row of crescents. Beneath, no sil-
ver spots and the coloration is ([uite different. Both wings, similar to
above but with markings fainter on outer half; other markings on f )re
wings, repeated, with apex yellowish. On hind wings, there is a cen-
tral, transverse, whitish bund, and within this, the wing is purplish
brown, crossed by two zigzag bands of black, within which is a rather
broad band of whitisli, Fig. 21), a, followed by a black-pupiled, wliite dot
in the central cell, and three whitish spots at base ; upper border of wing,
also white. Expands, l.oO to l.."iO. Habitat, British America and
Greenland and Labrador. Occurs in June, July, and August.

14(ia. AiKiYNNis ciiARK'LEA ORi^cuRATA McLaclil, is similar to
type but darker, with spottings larger and more confluent. Habitat,
Grinnell Land.

14l)b. Argynnis chariclea roisduvallii Somm., similar to A.
chariclea, but diflers in having the central whitish band on hind wing
below, divided into two bands that are broken into spots. Habitat,
British Columbia, British America, Labrador, and northward. Occurs
in June and July.

147. ARGYNNIS BUTLERH Edw.
Butler's Dusky Bltteufly.
Similar to chariclea, but with markings above much heavier, espe-
cially the centi-al band. Beneath, there is but little yellow on apex of

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

65

fore wings. Markings of hind wings, similar but overwushed with deep
red, somewhat obscuring the markings. Habitat, Northwest America,
Grinnell Land and Nova Zembla.

148. ARGYNNIS ALBERTA Edw.
Alberta Butterfly.
Similar to A. chariclea, but differs in having the markings paler
above. The third row of sp'^ts on both whigs, is not continuous ; the
sub-marginal row of ci'cscents wanting, they being represented by a
small cluster of scales, only, smallest on the fore, and largest on the
hind, wings. Beneath, the markings on fore wings are very pale, and
the ground color of the hind wings is brown, without any reddish shade,
and there are no Avhitc markings. The surfiice of tlie wings has a pe-
culiar smoothness, giving them the appearance of having been greased.
Expands, about l.iH). Habitat, Alberta, Canada. Occurs in June, at
a considerable elevation.

a b c

IlUistratiiiy tlio gemis Artfyiiiiis. a, upper side, himl wing, coronis; b, lower side, hind wing,
halcyone: c, upper side same, edwardsii; d, same, caliippe.

149. ARGYNNIS FREYA Tiiunb.
Freya Buttekfly.

Similar to A. c. boisduvallii, l)utdiffers in the absence of the sub-
marginal row of round spots on fore wings, and in having much less
white on hind wing l)elow, the m<ist prominent spot of this color, being
an arrow-shaped mark in the contra! cell. Expands, 1 .oo to 1 .(!( i. Hab-
itat, Labrador, Arctic vVmcrica, Alaska, and Colorado.

1 IDa. Aiir.YNXis fhkya tarquinus Curt, is a mure northern sub-
species, smaller in si/e an<l darker in color, with the Irnse of the wings,
black. Habitat, Arctic America.

loO. ARGYNNIS POLARIS M.
Polar Bitterfly.
Similar to A. freya, but differs in liuvinjj a row of minute crosses

4

M-:

I

li

i!

:-

'■: >■

i
I

■li
ii !

■f J

66

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

on outer margin of hind wings below, Fig. 26, f.
northward.

lol.

Habitat, Labrador,

ARGYNNIS FRIGGA Thunb.
Frigga Butterfly.

Size of chariclea but darker, at least one half of the hind wings
obscured with dusky, and all of the markings are heavy. Beneath, there
is a row of white spots on outer margin, the marginal border and sub-
marginal crescents are absent, and the clear, sub-marginal interspace,
as well as the wing outside of it, is overwashed with purplish. Habi-
tat, Labrador, Arctic America, Alaska, and Colorado.

152. ARGYNNIS IMPROBA Butler.

Doubtful Argyxnis.

Similar to A. frigga, but difiers in being smaller and darker, with
much heavier, suffused markings. Habitat, Arctic America.

loo. ARGYNNIS BELLONA Fab.
Meadow Butterfly.

Color and size of A. myrina, butdiflfers in having the two outer
black borderings to both wings above, broken into spots, and having a
somewhat different basal pattern of markings to hind wings, Fig., 28 b.
Beneath, there is no silver bordering, this being replaced by a reddish
purple bordering, in Avhich the spottings above are repeated but in ru-
fous, with bluish white centers. The central silver band and basal spots
are replaced by yellowish rufous in a larger pattern. Expands, 1.55 to
1.80. Habitat, Northern United States, Colorado, British America,
Ontario, and Quebec. Occurs from May to September.

154. ARGINNIS EPITHORE Bd.
Dusky Meadow Butterfly.

Similar to A. bellona in general markings, but is not as brightly
colored, and the basal fourth of fore, and basal half of hind, wings are so
heavily obscured with dusky, as to nearly obliterate the markings. Fig.
28, c. Beneath, the 1)asal half of hind wing, is rich purplish brown,
with a central band of yellowish that contains a band of dark-ringed
spots o"whitish, more or less centered Avith rufous. Expands, 1.75 to
2.10. Habitat, California to Oregon, Nevada, and Alberta, Canada.
Occurs in June and July.

154a. Ar(jynnls kpithore kreimhild Str. Similar to the type
form, but differs in having little or no dark suffusion on the basal por-

m

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

67

tion of ■vvings above, and in having much clearer yellow below
Utah and Arizona.

Habitat,

GENUS XVII.
EUPTOIETA. UPLAND BUTTERFLIES.

Size, medium. Colors, fjided orange, banded and
marked above w ith dull black. No silver below. Wings,
large, not much pointed nor conspicuously angled. An-
tennae, long, but the club is not suddenly enlarged termi-
nally, and it is not much llattened. Type, E. Claudia.
(Plate IV, 2.)

150. EUPTOIETA CLAUDIA Cram.
Pale-red Butterfly.

Pale orange yellow above with dusky markings as follows ; a rather
wide border to outer margin of both wings, enclosing a row of yellowish
spots ; within this border is a row of round spots, then two rather zig-
zag bands, between which the ground color is very pale, while in theccn-
tnil cell of f jrc wing, is a dusky-ringed, pale spot, and within this is a
short dash, directly beneath which, nearer the lower margin, is an arrow-
sha]icd mark, and in central cell of hind wing a dash.

Beneath, the markings are repeated but much obscured with whit-
ish, and there are lines of whitish on baseof hind wing. Expands, LOO
to 2.oO. Habitat, from Maine and Massachusetts, where it is rare,
south to the Gulf of Mexico, west through the Mississippi Valley, to
Colorado, Arizona, and California ; occasionally occurs in New Hamp-
shire and Quebec. Found in Florida throughout the year, excepting,
perhaps, in December and January ; further north in mid-summer.

mo. EUPTOIETA HEGESIA Cram.

Dotted Butterfly.

Similar to E. claudia, but differs in l)eiiig brighter, in having the
markings alwve darker, in the outer zigzag band on fore wing being near-
ly, or quite, obsolete, the second band is broken into spots, and there is
a third short, black dnsh at base of central cell, and also differs in the
entire absence of any markings hiside the rov.' of spots on hind wings.
Fig. 2S, d. Beneath, the hind wings are marbled with whitish and dusky
Expands, 1 .SH to 2 2o, Habitat, AVest Indies, includ"ng Bahamas, rare-

m

n

, ii

68

^OUTII AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

:^i

;i

1. '

I 1^

II i

^1

ly Flc 'da, Southern California, ami Texas,
year.

Occurs throu^iliout the

GENUS XVIII.
MELITiiEA. BLACK-CHECKERED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, small to medium. Colors, dark, often black, con-
spicuously marked in checker's of orange, reddish or j'ellow.
Antennae, nearly as long as the body and terminating in a
short, suddenly enlnrged, flat club. Fore wings, long and
pointed, hind wings comparatively short and M'ithout an-
gles. Type, M. phaeton. (Plate IIII, 3.)

Fig. 2(].

Tllustrating the greinis Aixvnnis. a, iippprRido, hind wing, rupostris: b, same macarla; c, same
inorniita; d, same, scmiramis : p, Bamo, opis; f, (nitor nur^in sanip, polaris.

1,"

)/.

INIELITAEA PHAETON Dru.

Reu-bordeked Checker.

Color, black, h')tli Avinj^s l))r(lerc(l with spots of reddish orange,
within which, on fore winL^^s, are four rows of yellowish, and tliree on
hind, the inner on both winj^s being indistinct. In central cell of fore
\N in^s, arc four or five spots of reddish orange, and in central cell of
hind, one. Beneath, markings repeated, larger, and spots in central cell
of fore wings fused together with an additional spot of rc-fl Ijelow, near
base, and some yellow dots. On hind wings, there are four clearly de-
fined rows of yellowish spots, and within them, a row of reddish orange,
with three more spots of same C(jlor in base, and five or more of yellow-
ish. Expandb, 1.75 to 2.10. Habitat, United States, east of the Rocky
Mountains, excepting extreme s<-)uthern portion, and northward to On-
tario, Quebec, and Lake of tlie Woods. Locality distributed. Occurs
from the middle of June, until the last of Julv.

NORTH AMERICAN lUTTERFLIES.

69

108. MELITAEA CUOPERl liEiiR.
Cooper's Checker.
More dusky above than A. phaeton, red 1)ordeved sjiots pnialler,
but yellowish ones larger, the fuur rows on fore, and three on hind wings
occupj, at least, one half of the wing, and some of the spots arc edged
with reddish, but there are no prominent red spots in central cell of
either wing one yellowish spot in base of fore, and three in that of hind.
Fig. 28, e. Beneath, brick rod: two rows of yellowish spots on f >re
wings, the outer of crescents and black-ringed, l)utnot crossing wings,
second with no rings, oval, and crossing wing, and in central cell aro four
black dashes. On hind wings are three rows of black-ringed spots and
a spot in central cell, the two outer being confluent. Expands, 2.( ^) to
2.'25. Habitat, Big Horn Mountains, Montana, Vancouver's Island,
and Puget Sound, "Washington Territory.

lo!). MELITAEA CIIALCEDON Dourl-IIew.
California Checker.

Resenibles M. coopcri, but differs above in having the t)uter mar-
ginal red spots small, or occasionally wanting, the ground culur blacker,
and in the almost ent're absence of any red on other portions of wing
in the female, and in the male, in its being confined to two dots near end
of central cell of fore wings, and two others between second and third
row of spots. Beneath, the yellow of the first and second row of spots
on hind wing, encroaches upon the red interspace, and the spots at base
of wing are larger and more confluent. Fig. 29, b. E.xpands, 2.00 to 2.20.
Habitat, California.

15Da. Melitaea ciialcedon l>winellei II. Edw. Differs from
the type, in being much suffused with red above, nearly obscuring the
yellowish spots, and there is no sub-marginal r jw of whitish spots. Be-
neath, the yellowish spots are much larger, and the red spots arc much
more broadly edged with black. Habitat, IMt. Shasta, California.

IGO. MELITAEA COLON Edw.
Colon Checker.
Similar to M. ciialcedon but differs in having no red in the central
cell of fore wing above, in having the second row of spots on same wing,
mixed red and } ellow, and the second row of spots on hind wings beneath
red with no yellow, and forming a more continuous bar. Expands, 2.00
to 2.30. Habitat, Columbia River. Western "Washington Territory and
Oregon.

f I

D.

70

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

ii

ii

t
1>

i
1

;M

\f

1

iiit;

H

lir}

[f

In

lllii

IGl. MELITAEA ANICIA Doudl-IIew.

"WiHTE-si'OTTi:!) Checker.

Similar to jNI. baroui but differs in having the white spottings above

much mure extended, nearly obliterating the red, and the fore Avings are

narrower and much nmre pointed. Expands, l.'iO to 1.80. Habitat,

California, Nevada, New Mexic , Colorado, and Montana.

ICL'. MELITAEA NUBIGENA Bkiir.

Cloud Checker.

Similar to M. anicia in size, form, and general coloration, but differs
in having theclul) uf the antennae wholly black, notrcd-ti])ped, the band
of spots in the pallid interspace, part orange, and following the band of
crescents. Habitat, California, Nevada, New Mexio. Colorado, and
Montana.

l(i"Ja Melitaea nubigena wheeleri II. Edw. Similar to type
but pnle red on ground color of upper surface ; base of Avings, white, and
there is more black beneath. Habitat, Nevada.

K;:}. :MELITAEA QUINO IJkuu.

Qnx(^ CiiKCKKi;.

Differs from M. chalcedon, in l)eing nuich brighter above, but the
under side of the hind wing is paler and there are six distinct spots, only,
in the central band; tiie club of the antennae is black, not red. Ex-
pands. 1.6') to 1.80. Habitat, Mendocino, California.

1(U. MELITAEA UAllONl II. Ei.w.

Baron's Checker.

Size, smaller than IM. coui)eri l)ut about the same ground color ; dif-
fers in markings, in having the first row of yellowish spots on fore wings
reduced to a narrow, nearly continuous, line, the third row of spots on
fore, and second on hind, wings, red, with two red spots in central cell
of fore wing, about as in i)luietun, and havhig a whitish bar between
them. Beneath, there is a white, isolated line of spots in the middle of
the reddish interspace.- between first and second row of whitish spots.
Fig. o(>, b. Expands, l.-X) to 1.80. Habitat, Northern California.
Occurs in ^lay, June, and July.

lO:.. MELITAEA RUBICUND A II. Edw.

Bed Checker.
Above, black, with rows of spots as follows ; fore wing, first row,

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

71

(marginal) second, and third, yellow: fourth, reil outwardly, yellow, in-
wardly ; three spots at end of central cell, yellow ; four in cell, one red
and three yellow, and three, red, beneath the cell. Hind wings; mar-
ginal row, red, second, yellow, third, red, fourth, yellow; two dashes in
cellandfive or six basal spots, yellow. Ueneath, reil on fore wings, with
two rows of yelloAV spots, the first, black-edged nutwardly, and the sec-
ond, inwardly; a spot outside cell, yellow, and a yellow si)ot at end; two
yellow ones within the cell, all black-edged. I lind wings, red ; a row of
sub-marginal crescents, fulluwed inwardly by a l>lack line, then si.\ yel-
low spots, nhie or ten basal, and two on lower margin. Expands, ].7o
to 2.U0. Habitat, Northern California.

lOi;. MELITAEA EDITH A Bd.

Edith's Checker.

Similar to ^1. baroni T)ut difters above in having the spots of the
second red band on hind wing, slightly pupiled with yellow; and the spots
of the red band of same wing beneath, are also centered witli yellow.
Exi)ands, I.-jI > to 1,S( ). Habitat, Southern Califirnia.

Fig. 27.

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egleis; d, 6

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iitinj; j^'omis Argyiinis; a, upper sklo, liiiul wing, bisclioltii :
lino, myrina; e, bhiiic, triclaris; f, same, enlargeti, lulena.

1i, s.imo, curyiiiiiii

107. MELITAEA IIELVIA Scud.

Scudder's Checker.

Allied to j\I. anicia, but differs in being darker above. The margi-
nal spots arc reddish, the second and third rows on fore wing are whit-
ish, there are two whitish spots outside the central cell, and three spots
in it, the outer reddish, the middle mixed white and red, and the inner
whitish. There are fore rows of spots on outer half of hind wings, close
together, fu'st reddish, second whitish, third reddish, and the inner is
dusky and whitish. Brownish red beneath, deepest on hind wings. Ex-
pands, 1.50. Habitat, I'amparts, Youcon River, Alaska.

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NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERILIES.

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1G8. MEMTAEA STEROPE Edw.

Oregon Checker.

Blackish brown above with light markings as follows ; above, fore
wings with two rows of small spots near outer margin, a third row, di-
vided near upper margin, two spots in central cell, and one below it.
Hind wings, with a marginal row of larger crescents, then a second row
of dots, and a third of elongated spots. Beneath, on fore wings, mark-
ings repeated but more diffused ; hind wings, with the marginal cres-
cents but they are black-edged on both sides, and within this row, is a
black band that contains a series of yellowish dots, each white-pulpiled ;
base of wings, yellowish, with a band of six white spots. Expands, 1.80
to 1.90. Habitat, Oregon.

IGO. MEUTAEA ACASTUS Edw.

AcASTUS Checker.

Similar to M. palla but differs in being paler above, and in having
the spots and bands of the lower surface of hind wings, so greatly en-
larged as to occupy nearly the whole space. Expands, l.oO to 1.90.
Habitat, Nevada, Utah, and Montana.

170. MELITAEA PALLA Bd.

Northern Checker.
Size and form of M. harrisii, but differs in being brighter in color
above, in having the outer black border of fore Avings broken by two rows
of reddish spots. Fig. 2!), e, and in the absence of any decided ocherous
spot in central cell, on fore wing beneath. Expands, 1.7o to 2.00. Hab-
itat, California to Washington Territory, Nevada, Montana ; Alberta,
Canada, and Crow's Nest, British America. Occurs in June and July.

171. MELITAEA WHITNEYH Behr.
Whitney's Checker.
Similar to M. palla in size and form, duller in color above, and with
the dark lines much thinner and more regular, and the orange spots of
the sub-marginal band of hind wings beneath, are without white cen-
ters. Habitat, California and Nevada.

172. MELITAEA HOFFMANNI Behr.
Hoffmann's Checker.
Similar to M. palla but differs in being yellower above, with more
black lines, especially on the center of fore wings ; the spots forming sub-

I

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

73

marginal band on hiiid wings below, are rounded, not crescent-shape.
Expands, 1.50 to 1.1)0. Habitat, California, Nevada, Oregon, Colorado,
and Montana.

173. MELITAEA GABBII Beiir.

Gaeb's Checker.

Similar to M. pal la above, but the spots on hind wings below are
more or less frosted with silver. Expands, l.oo to 1.00. Habitat,
Southern California, Utah, and Arizona.

174. MELITAEA IIARRISII Scud.

Harris' Butterfly.

Above, rather dull reddish orange, with dark brown markings as
follows, and occupying rather more than one half the surface. There is
a broad border to both wings, one on hind containing a row of not very
clearly defined crescents, within this is a narrower band, followed, on
fore wings, by a wider band, within which, on base of wing, is a some-
what intricate pattern, Fig. 29, f, and the base of hind wings is wholly
dark, excepting two reddish spots in central cell. Beneath, reddish
orange, with a sub-marginal row of whitish crescents, within which, on
fore wing, is a row of dots, two wider bands of buff, and two spots in
central cell. On hind wing, within crescents, is a confluent, triple row
of spots, and about five spots on basal half of wings, all spots on both
wings being black-encircled. Expands, 1.30 to 1.40. Habitat, North-
ern New England to New York, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Ontario,
and Quebec. Rare in Eastern Mass.

175. MELITAEA ULRICA Edw.
Ulrica Checker.

Above, similar to M. vesta in spottings and markings. Beneath,
the outer fourth of fore wings is black, crossed by a sub-marginal band
of confluent, yellowish orange spots, beyond which is a series of white
dots. Second row of spots seen above, repeated but the spots within this
are so greatly enlarged as to occupy the entire basal area. Hind wings^
with a marginal band of yellowish, then a series of large v.hile spots,
then a black area, within which is a row of yellowish red spots, not cross-
ing the wing. Across middle of wing is a row of white dots and a con-
tinuous white band. Basal area, yellowish red, with a white spot in
central cell, a white bar near base, and one at base. Expands, .85 to
.05. ITaMtat, S' utii-western Texas.

74

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

I '

17G. MELITAEA DYMAS Edw.
Dymas Checker.

Brownisli Llack above with the following reddish orange markings ;
on fore wings, is a sub-marginal band of rounded spots, imperfect on
upper half, then a band of spots, and five spots in central cell, several
spots at end of cell and below it ; apex, white. Hind wings, with a cen-
tral band of spots, within which is a band of black, with the basal area
reddish. In central cell is a sub-oval, black spot with a reddish stripe
in the middle. Beneath, on fore wings, a band of white is followed by
a row of crescents upon a black ground. Inside this band, the wing is
reddish orange, with four black, transverse lines in central cell, and an
indistinct line at end. Hind wings have a row of dull white spots on
a black ground, then a reddish orange band, followed by a broad white
band that is cut beyond the middle by a black stripe, from outer to in-
ner margin. Base and central cell, orange, with a triangular, black-
edged white spot in cell, and a black-edged, white, transverse line. Ex-
pands, .95 to l.,0(). Habitat, Southwestern Texas.

f

a, lower Btde, hinrt wing, Argynnis montinus: b, same, A. bellona: c, same, A. epitliore : d, same
wing, upper Bide, Euptoiota hcgosia, e, Banie wing, Melitaea cooperi; f, base of win^', upper side'
same Bpecies.

177. MELITAEA PERSE Edw.

Arizona Checker.
Similar in form to M. dymas, orange yellow above, with outer mar-
gin of both wings broadly edged with black, on which is a row of orange
yellow spots, followed by a black line, and from this to base, is an intri-
cate pattern of lines. Beneath, with markings repeated but indistinctly,
on fore wings, and upper margin white. Hind wings, with upper mar-
gin also white, and there is a row of white, sub-marginal crescents, then
a series of orange spots on a whitish ground, within which is a narrow
buff band, followed by a white band. Basal area, orange with a black-
edwed white spot in central cell, and a white band on upper margin.
Expands, l.CKJ to 1.10. Habitat, Arizona.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

75

II

178. MELITAEA CIIARA Edw.
CiiARA Checker.
Similar to M. perse above, but differs in having the outer margin
of hind wings beneath, black, not buff nor orange, and the spots cf out-
er row are rounded or crescent-shaped. Expands, 1.15 to 1.40. Habi-
tat, Southern Arizona.

171). MELITAEA LEANIRA Bd.

White-banded Checker.

Above, dark brown with a reddish marginal band of spots on fore
wings, then a row of yellow dots, followed by an irregular band of larg-
er spots and tAvo yellow spots, and a bar in the central cell ; beneath
the cell is a dot and a heart-shaped spot. On hind wings are two rows
of spots near the middle of the wing, the outer dots and the inner larger.
In the cell are two spots, the outer a crescent and the inner a dot. Be-
neath, reddish on fore wings margined with buff, within which is a black
band, and inside this are two rows of white. Ilind wings buff fringed
with black, and with a narrow, sub-marginal band of black, followed by
one of the same color, broader, and containing a row of white spots, Fig.
30, a, and there is an intricate pattern in black, at base of wing. An-
tennae, wholly reddish. Expands, 1.25 to 1.75. Habitat, California,
Arizona, Nevada, Montana and Garnett Ranche, British America.

180. MELITAEA ALMA Str.
Strecker's Checker.

Both wings above margined with black, within which is a row of
spots on fore, and a band on hind, of orange, within this, is a black band,
indistinct on hind wings, followed by a narrow, yellow band, then a sec-
ond band of orange, then a second yellow band, then an irregular band
of black on fore Avings, and betAveen this and the outer black band, is a
black spot on upper margin of both Avings ; in central cell of fore Avings
is a black band, and the base of hind Aving is black, containing tAvo yel-
low spota in central cell. Beneath, j-elloAvish, Avith the marginal black
band to both Avings, and the sub-marginal band on fore wings, and be-
tween these tAvo bands on fore Avings, near the middle of the border, is
a spot of orange, and on these wings, tAvo bands of orange, the outer of
which is divided for its upper half, forming a Y. Hind wings crossed
by a sub-marginal band of black, containing a row of Avhite spots. Fig.
30, b, similar to that seen in ^I. leanira, but larger than in that spe-
cies. Expands 1.30. Habitat, Arizona and Southern Utah.

!!'

ill

76

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

■• ' '. i

181. MEUTAEA f'ULVIA Edw.

Yellow Checker.

Allied to M. leanira, but differs in having the brown above dusted
with yellowish. There is a series of brownish orange spots, crossing
both wings, preceded by a black band, those on fore wing being replaced
by yellow, and at apex, by a black line, and within this is a series of
small yellow spots, and a series at end of central cell, larger, and on hind
wings, elongated. Inside cell and below it, are three small, yellow spots.
Beneath, on fore wings, reddish orange, with the markings above show-
ing indistinctly. Hind wings, yellowish buff with veins broadly edged
with buff, at end of central cell is a black line, and within the cell, a
V-shaped mark of black, point toward the base, and a black stripe in
center of wing. Expands, 1.50. Habitat, Western Texas and Colorado.

182. MEUTAEA THEKLA Edw.

Thekla Checker.

Pale ocherous above, fore wings narrowly margined with black,
with a white point near upper border. There is a double, sub-marginal
row of irregular sized spots; at end of central cell, is a slight band of
orange edged with black; upper margin and extreme base of wings, black.
Hind wings, with black border and outer margin wider, enclosing a row
of obscure dots and streaks. Two irregular, black lines cross the wing,
which with the black veins, divide this portion of the wing into checkers.
Within this, the basal area is ocherous, marked with only a black line
in the central cell. Beneath, deeper in color than above, with similar
markings, but the spots are larger, and there is a white bar in the central
cell of hind wing; and at base, four long, white spots in a black ground.
Expands, 1.30 to 1.50. Habitat, Southern California and Arizona.

183. MELITAEA BOLLH Edw.

Boll's Checker.

Habitat, South-western Texas and Arizona. Note, for description
of this species, and that of others of this genus, see Appendix.

184. MELITAEA MINUTA Edw.
Little Checker.
Above, dull yellowish orange, both wings margined with black and
crossed by eight black bars on fore, and five on hind, wings, and there
is a lighter central bar. Beneath, paler on fore wings, with outer mar-
gin whitish, inner bars repeated, but narrower. Hind wings, crossed by

l^il

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

77

two bars of whitish spots, black-edged, which in the central cell, are
somewhat C-shaped, inverted, Fig. 30, f. Expands, 1.40. Habitat,
Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.

185. MELITAEA. ARACHNE Edw.

Araciine Checker.

Similar to M. minuta in general coloration but differs in having
two bars of reddish spots, on outer margin of fore wing above, instead
of one divided on upper half There are three bars of reddish, in the
central cell, not four. On hind wings beneath, rather more yellowish.
Expands, l.GO. Habitat, Colorado, Arizona, and Western Texas.

18G. MELITAEA NYMPHA Edw.-
Nymph Checker.

Black above, both wings with a sub-marginal row of small crescents,
inside which is a row of largo, reddish orange spots, slightly white-
centered on fore wings above ; within this, a third row crossing middle
of wings, is pure white on hind pair, j-ellowish on fore. At end of cen-
tral cell on fore wings, is a row of three reddish spots ; in the cell near
end, a pair of yellowish spots, and in middle, a third, larger and reddish.
In central cell of hind wings, is a large reddish patch. Beneath, marked
much as in M. minuta but differs in having no black dots in the clear,
continuous, reddish-orange, sub-marginal band on hind wings. Expands
1.30 to l.oO. IlabitaL, Southern Arizona. '

Fiji. 21).

a b c d e f

a, lower Bide, hind wing, Argjninis chariclca ; b, same, MoUtnea chalcedon; c, same, M. nubigeua;
d, same, M, baronl; e, fore wing, upper side, M. palla; f, same, M. harrlsii.

GENUS XIX.

PHYCIODES. THE LITTLE CHECKERS.

Differs from the preceding genus, in having the fore
wings rather more rounded at apex, and the colors above
are orange with spottings and bandings of black, with oc-
casional white spottmgs. Type, P. tharos. ( Plate IV, 4.)

i

i

I f.

78

NORTH AMERICAN BUTrERFLIES.

187. niYCIODES NYCTEIS Doubl.-IIew.

Silver Crescent.
Similar in general markings and color above to P. tharos but is larg-
er, the eight bands on the hind wings beneath arc silvery, and mainly
confined to two, a basal and a central, the outer row of cresents being
represented by one or two at upper border of wing, and a largo silver
crescent near the middle of the margin, Fig. 30, c. Expands, 1.70 to
1.80. Habitat, Maine to North Carolina, and westward to the Mississ-
ippi valley; (rare in Massachusetts) Ontario, and Quebec. Occurs in
June and July.

J 88. PHYCIODES CARLOTA Rear.

Carlota Checker.

Similar to P. njxteis above, but with all the markings broadened,
nearly obscuring the reddish orange : beneath, fore wings have more
black through middle, and the hind wings are rather darker brown, with
only two yellowish spots in the central cell. Silvery markings, as in
nycteis. Habitat, Southern and Western States, Rocky Mountains,
Montana to Oregon, and rarely in Western Virginia.

189. PHYCIODES VESTA Edw.

Vesta Checker.

Smaller than P. tharos, about same color above, but there are two
rows of oval light spots, crossingouterhalf of fore wings. Fig. ol, f, and
the lower surface is more finely banded. There is a summer form in
which the markings are heavier. Expands, .90 to 1.10. Habitat, Texas.

lOt). PHYCIODES PHAON Edw.
Southern Checker.
Similar to P. tharos but diifers in having a whitish band crossing
the fore wings, widest above, but showing on both surfaces. Fig. oO, d.
Beneath, the hind wings are paler, Avith the dark markings clearer, bold-
er, and darker. There is a dark, summer form. Expands, 1.00 to
1.30. Habitat, Gulf States, Texas, and occasionally Kansas.

191. PHYCIODES THAROS Dru.

LiiTLE Black-bordered Butterfly.

Plate IV, 4.

Above, yellowish orange, both wings bordered all around, excepting

on lower margin of hind, with black, widest on outer margin, where is

enclosed, on fore wings, a single crescent near middle, and on both wings

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

79

a connected series of more or less distinct crescents. The middle of fore
wing is crossed by a band of black, more or less broken in the middle ;
inside of the outer band, on hind wings, is a series of black spots, each
surrounded by a more or less distinct ring of dusky that sometimes
unite to form a band on the inside. There is an irregular black ring in
central cell of both wings, and an intricate pattern of rings at base of both
wings. Beneath, paler, the black margin absent, but the sub-marginal
crescents show as light spots in dark edges ; there are two broken, black
bars crossing the fore wing, usually indicated by four spots on the up-
per and lower margins. Hind wings, pale ocherous with a more or less
distinct marginal band of brownish, that becomes enlarged in the mid-
dle of the wing, and encloses a purplish crescent ; a more or less distinct
central band of brownish, between which and the outer margin, is a row
of small brown dots ; the rings at base of both wings show palely.

Morpheus is a summer form in which the markings above are
heavier, and the brown below intensified and extended.

There are many variations from the type in this species, occurring
throughout its wide range. Examples from Canada, while they are
nearly melanotic above, so great is the suffusion of the black, show a
pale central band on fore wings and are much paler below, sometimes
very much so, packardii Saund. being evidently an extreme case of this
suffusion, Avith a very pale under surface. Expands, 1.30 to 1.70. Hab-
itat, United fetates, west to the Rocky Mountains, north to British
America, west to the Pacific Ocean, east to the Atlantic, including An-
ticosti. Winter form in Noav England occurs from May to June, sum-
mer, from July to September ; in Florida, they are nearly continuous
throughout the j-ear.

11)2. PHYCIODES BATESn Reak.

Bates' Checker.

Similar to P. tharos but differs in having the black markings above
very much extended, so that the orange is reduced on fore wings, to two
bands of spots, crossing outer portion of wing ; three or four short bars
in central cell, a streak on lower margin, and a spot near middle of outer
margin. The hind wings are also crossed by two orange bars, the outer
containing the row of spots, and the sub-marginal crescents are more or
less distinctly visible. There are two spots in the central cell, the in-
ner small and semi-circled by the outer. Beneath, the central bar cross-
es the wing, with only a short bar between it and the apex, the lower
bar being absent as in P. phaon ; and there are three black crescents on

iJi

I

80

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

outer margin. Hind wings lack the brownish markings, and the dis-
tinct, purplish, single, crescent is verj^palc, with all the markings show-
ing faintly. Expands, 1.05 to 2.25. Habitat, West Virginia, Mary-
land, and from New York to Ohio. Occurs with P. tharos.

Fig. 30.

fed c b a

n, hind wing, beneath, M. leanira: b, Bnmo, M. alma: f, same, M. mlnuta; o, samo, PliyciodeB nyo-
tela ; d, fore wing, upper side, P. phaon : o, same, P. piota.

198. PHYCIODES PKATENSIS Behr.
Meadow Checker.

Black above predominates as in P. batesii, but differs from this
species, in having a series of black spots in the sub-marginal interspace
of both surfaces of fore wings. Beneath, more like tharos but with paler
spottings, and the marginal series of crescents on hind wings, are very
pale and surrounded with brownish. Expands, 1.20 to 1.30. Habitat,
California, Oregon and Arizona.

194. PHYCIODES ORSEIS Edw.
Orseis Checker.

Quite similar to P. phaon but differs in having a row of black dots
within the black, marginal band. Hind wings, have the whitish, sub-
marginal crescents perfect, and each one is accompanied on the inside
by a black spot, and the second, narrow, black band is more complete.
Beneath, on fore wings, pale ocherous, with a small, brown patch on
middle of upper margin; outer margin of both wings, yellowish, double
on middle of fore wings, and on whole of hind, where it encloses a large,
pale crescent. Remainder of fore wings, mottled with yellowish and
reddish. Hind wings, with an intricate pattern of lines, from the base
to middle, bounding which is a wavy line, and outside of this, is a pale
dusky stripe and a row of brown dots. Expands l.GO to 1.90. Habi-
tat, California, Washington Territory, and Oregon.

195. PHYCIODES CAMILLUS Edw.

Obscured Checker.

Similar to P. tharos in the darkest phase, but even more obscured
above, with the black. The reddish, marginal crescents show indistinctly

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE V.

1. Synchloe adjutrix. 2. Grapta comma. 3. Vanessa
milbertii. 4. Cystineura amymone. 5. Pyrameis cardui.

I

I

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

81

isa

excepting the large, central one. The spots of second band arc greatly
reduced, and all isolated, as are, in a great measure, those of the cen-
tral band, but these are i)aler in ctdoration than the others. The base
of the wing is IJack, there is a pale band across central cell, and two or
three small, reddish spots in the cell on both wings. Beneath, paler
yellow, with the darker markings above showing in orange, and the
lighter in yellowish. There is an oblique, black, lino crossing the end
of central cell to middle of wing, a small, black patch near apex, a large
patch near middle of lower margin, one at outer lower angle, and a small
one between the two. Hind wings, clear yellow, with a pattern of pale
yellowish red lines at base, a reddish line crossing middle of wing, and
a rusty patch at its end on the upper bm-dcr. Also a large sub-triang-
ular patch of same color on middle of outer margin. There is a series
of marginal crescents on both wings, of whitish, the central of which
are enlarged and yellow, or sometimes silvtir I this frosting occasion-
ally extending to two or three other adjacent -aes. Expands, 1.30 to
1.40. Habitat, Colorado, Montana, and Kansas.

195a. I'liYciODESCAj-iLLUS I'ALLii ' rjldw. IS a pa"!.' form, showing
all f the markings of the type, but with the black above less extended.

1!) '»b. Phyciodes CAJiiLLUS MATA Real: . is exceedingly pale above,
insomuch so, that the dark markings are scarcely perceptable. Below,
it is almost uniform pale yellow, with the dark markhigs showing faintly
in orange, and the black spottings nearly, or quite, obsolete. Habitat,
Colorado, Montana, Texas, and Kansas.

Note. For further description and notes on genus Phyciodes, see
Appendix.

196. PHYCIODES MYLITTA Edw.
Mylitta Checker.

Most like P. phaon above, but differs in having the crescents on the
marginal dark band j'ellowish especially the central of fore wings, and
the band across centre of fore wing is orange, not whitish. Beneath, the
hind wings are much clouded with brown at base, and on outer margin,
leaving a whitish, rufous-edged band crossing the wing. The large cen-
tral crescent is pointed, nearly arrow-shaped, and white, two near upper
and lower border, yellowish, and the remainder dark brown. Near base
of wing are several whitish, rufous-ringed spots. Expan<ls 1.20 to 1.50.
Habitat, California, Washington Territory, Arizona, Colorado, and
Utah.

82

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

197. PIIYCIODES MONTANA Behr.
Small Mountain Checker.

Similar to P. th; res in general markings but differs above on fore
wings, in having the inner black bands rather pale, and there are no
sub-marginal crescents. Beneath, on hindAving, the crescents are pres-
ent and the large ''cntral one is silvered. Expands, l.oO to 1.50. Hab-
itat, California and Lake Tahoe, Nevada.

lf)S. niYClODES PICT A Edw.
Pictured Checker.
Similar to P. phaon but differs in having the marginal border of
wing above, -widened as far as the central, whitish band, and inclosing
two rows of round, whitish spots. Fig. 30, e, and there is a black-edged
whitish bar in central cell. Beneath, the apex of fore Avingis buff, and
the hind wing is buff, with only slight indications of markings. Ex-
pands, 1.00 to 1.1.">. Habitat, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Ne-
braska.

U

GENUS XX. ERESIA. SPOTTED BUTTERFLIES.
Differs from Phyciodes, mainly in form of fore •\vings,
which are greatly elongated, and in the prejionderance of
black, relieved only by a rather limited amount of bright
colors, reds, yellows, and orange. Size, small, and some
of the species resemble little Ileliconinns. Type, E. frisia.
( Plate IV, 5. )

,:i .1

;i ^M

199. ERESIA FRISIA Poey.

FloUIDA SpOI TKD JiUTTiiliFLY.

Reddish orange above with a broad, black border t'^ both wings,
that on hind, containing a row of connected crescents, and witiiin it, on
foi-e wings, are throe black l)ands, the first connected with the second
below the middle of the wing, and the third and fourth connected from
the middle vein to the up;ier margin ; these last two bands continuing
very fiiintly across the hind wings, and then, on both wings, are four
undulating, more or less distinct, lines, connected in places by cn^ss lines.
The intersjiaces between the bands arc paler thnn the remaining gnnind
color. Beneath, the basal half of wing is reddish orange, with four or
five large, buffish spots, the outer half brown, with the border whitish,

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

83

and two whitish patches. Hind wings, with a buff border on outer
third, and there is a sub-terminal row of buff crescents, in a brown patch
followed by a series of arrow-shap d marks in broAvn, and the center of
the base is lined with reddish. Expands, 1.-40 to 1.50. Habitat, Cu-
ba and Key West, Florida.

200. ERESTA TEXANA Edw.

Texas Spotted Butterfly.

Blackish brown above : wings mottled Avith reddish brown at base
of both wings, and sprinkled with white dots that form, on fore wings,
an interrupted, sub-marginal band of four spots across end of cell, two
in cell and two below it. Hind wings have a decided row of white spots
across the middle, and a sub-marginal row of faintly defined crescents.
Beneath, on fore wings, ochery yellow at base, then dark brown, becom-
ing paler on apex and outer margin. There is a sub-marginal row of
crescents, and the white spots seen above are larger. Hind wings have
the outer margin broadly edged Avith brownish that contains a sub-mar-
ginal row of Avhitish crescents, the third from the bottom being largest ;
a Avhite band crosses the middle of the Aving, and Avithin this, the base
is buff and Avhite Avith an intricate pattern of dark lines. Expands, 1.
50. Habitat, Texas and Nebraska.

201. ERESIA PUNCTATA Edw.

Punctured Butterfly.

AboA'e, reddish orange Avith a patch on upper border, near apex, of
yelloAv, and a large, yelloAv spot near this, with a smaller spot at its up-
per corner: inside of this, a third spot near the end of the central cell, a
fourth beloAV this, a fifth beloAV this, in a line Avith a bent line that cross-
es the cell, all yelloAV. Hind wings have a double scries of sub-margi-
nal crescents, preceded by a yelloAv streak extending from the loAver
margin to middle of Aving. A br^ad, yelloAv, central band, narrowest
below, crosses the Aving. There are indistinct, reddish marks at base,
and a Avhite spot in central cell. Expands, 1.20. Habitat, Arizona and
NcAv Mexico.

ii

f I

GENUS xxr.

SYNCHLOE. PATCHED HUTTERFLIES.

Size, modiiim. Colors, dark, brown or black, with
prominent patches of brilliant colors, orange, yellow or

'1 1 1

i

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ly

ki^

84

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

scarlet. Fore wings, elongated and rather pointed. Hind
wings, short and rounded. Antennae, about two-thirds as
long as body, terminating in a rounded club. Type, S. ja-
NAis. (Plate, V, 1.)

202. SYNCIILOE JANAIS Dru.

Crimson-patched Butterfly.

Black above, with a sub-marginal row of white dots on fore wings,
and one on upper margin of hind ; four near end of central cell, three
within it near middle, and two below it, one near base of wing and one
in the middle. Hind wings, with a large, central patch of crimson. Be-
neath, also black, with a double series of sub-marginal white dots ; three
dots at end of cell, three within it in a line parellel with the veins, and
two below the cell. Two enlarged, sub-marginal, white spots near cen-
ter of outer border of hind wing, and within this, a row of white dots,
the upper and lowest of which are the largest. Central spot, with the
inner two thirds, yellow, inclosing four black spots near its base. Ex-
pands, 2.25. Habitat, Washita Valley, Texas and southward to Mex-
ico and Central America.

203. SYNCHLOE MEDIATRIX Feld.
Mediator Butterfly.

Above, black, with a band of pale reddish j'ellow, crossing center
of both wings; two spots at end of cell on fore wing, and one within it,
white. There is a narrow band of faintly defined spots, and beside it,
are a number of small dots. There is a double row of small white spots
of equal size on outer border. Hind wings have three e»iual bands of
sub-marginal, reddish spots, often confluent on outer portion, within
which are white dots. Beneath, with markings more diluted on f )re
wings, spotted about equally with yellow and white, and on hind wings,
most of the spots are white. Habitat, Texas and southward.

204. SYNCHLOE ADJUTRIX Scud.
Allied Bitterfly.
Closely allied to S. mediatrix, differing mainly from it in having the
central band of yellow on hind wings, broadest in the middle. Expands,
1.80. Habitat, Texas. .

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

85

205. SYNCIILOE ERODYLE Bates.
Bates' Patched Butterfly.
Black above, fore wings with seven white spots of various sizes,
arranged in a rude circle at end of cell, and a curved row of six similar
spots, but of more uniform size, between these and the outer margin,
and two near base. Hind wings, with a sub-basal, yellow patch, divided
by the black veins and by two small, black spots entering within the
central cell. There are two red spots near outer, lower angle. Beneath,
similar, but spots at apex of fore wings are yellow, and a vermillion streak
on upper margin of base, and the j-ellow patch at base of hind wing, are
more divided by the black spots, and there are additional red spots in cen-
ter of wing, and a sub-marginal row of yellow ; one yellow spot between
the two pairs of red ; two above the middle pair, and a row of yellow
spots between these and the yellow base. Expands, 2.00. Habitat,
Texas and southAvard.

20G. SYNCHLOE CROCALE Edw.

WlIITE-BAXDED BUTTERFLY.

Black above, fringed with white, interrupted at veins. A sub-mar-
ginal row of dots on fore wings, four large spots on end of central cell,
a dot outside the lowest, two dots below it, and a spot near middle of
lower border, with a dot above it, all white. There is a band of seven
spots crossing middle of hind wings, Fig.31, i. Beneath, also black,
spots on fore wings repeated, with an additional marginal row of crescents
and a spot within the larger one on loAvcr border, and basal portion of
upper border, reddish. Band on middle of hind wing enlarged and yel-
lowish, and the spots are confluent ; spot outside of band, near border,
and a basal line yellowish, and a submarginal band of yelloM-ish crescents.
Female with the spot on lower border of hind wing reddish, and there
are two rather indistinct bars of reddish between the basal and central
bands. Habitat, Arizona.

1

GENUS XXII. CYSTINEURA.

SHORT-BODIED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, small. Colors, pale red lish or yellowish, with-
out prominent markings. Antennae, not half as long as
fore wing. Fore wings, elongated and trianguhir. Hind
wings, short and triangular. Typi:, C. amymone. (Plate
V, 4.)

¥

I I i

I

!

86

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

207. CYSTINEURA AMYMONE Men.

Amymone Butterfly.
White above on fore wings, dusky at base and along upper and outer
margin, widest on the latter, where are inclosed some spots of pale or-
ange. Hind wings, pale orange fringed with whitish, within which is
a black band, then a row of pale bluish crescents. There is a white band
crossing center of wing, widest above ; within this, is another wide band ;
base of wing, dusky. Beneath, the dusky markings of fjre wings are
replaced by orange, and the hind wings are wholly orange, excepting that
the white and bluish markings above are repeated, and there is white
between the two bands. Habitat, Texas and southward. Expands, l.GO.

GENUS XXIII. GRAPTA. SILVER COMMAS.

Size, medium to large. Colors, reddish or orange above,
prominently marked with black ; duller below, with a sil-
very, C-shaped mark in middle of hind wings. Wings,
large, notched, and the hind ones are tailed. Antennae,
fjhoiter than the short body, with the club flattened and
suddenly enlarged. H\bernates as a perfect insect. Type,
G. COMMA. ( Plate Y, 2. )

208. GRAPTA INTERROGATIONIS Fab.
Semicolon Butterfly.
Size, larger than G. comma ; color above, brighter, border of fore
wings not as black as the other markings, broad, and not as clearly de-
fined there are seven black spots, instead of six, Fig. 31, h, and the sil-
ver C on lower side of hind wing is divided, forming a more or loss dis-
tinct ;, Fig. ol, hh. Umbuosa, Lint., is the summer form, with the
hind wings much obscured with dusky. Expands, 2.(X) to 2.75. Hab-
itat, United States, excepting Pacific States, also Ontario, Quebec, and
Nova Scotia. Occurs in June, August, and September.

209. ORAPTA COMMA Harr.

Comma Butterfly.

Plate V, 2.

Above, reddish orange, with outer margin of both wings bordered

with black, well defined on inner edge of fore wings ; within this, at apex,

is a triangular patch, outside the point of wliich, are two black dots,

encircled with a yellowish bar across end of central cell, and two spots

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

87

■within it, three spots in wing, below cell, and a triangle in lower, outer
angle, all black. Hind wings have the marginal border not well defined,
being dusky within, and inclosing a row of yellowish spots, clearer on
basal half, and enclosing about three black spots. Beneath, banded
and lined with yellowish, dusky, whitish, and brownish, the general
effect being brownish. The silver C is entire. Fig, ;J1, g.

Dryas is the summer form, with the hind wings much obscured
with dusky above, and with a j^ellowish overwashing. A variety has
the lower side of wings, grayish, much as in C. progne, but the G is
always wider than in that species. Expands, l.-iL'to 2.20, Habitat,
Eastern, Middle, and North-western States, also North Carolina and
Tennesee, from Kansas to Texas, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia.
Occurs in June, August, and September.

b bb c

a, uppf^rfi^le, hind wing, Grapta Ei'phyrus: aa, C of same species; (C's occur on lower side of
hind wiii<,'s.)l), upjier side, fore wing, G. faunus; hh, C of same species: c, hind wing, upper side,
O, ruslicus; cc, C of same species : d, fore wing, upper side, G. satyius ; dd, C of sumo species : o,
antennae ( enlarged ) G. intorrogationis : li, fore wing, upper side, same species: hli, C of same si)ecies:
g, CofG. cnmnia;.!, fore wing, upper side, G. hy!;is ;,),), C of same species: k, hind wing, upper side,
G. gracilis; klc. C of same species :f ui)per side, fore wing, Phyciodes vesta; i, hind wing, uppersido,
Pynchloe croeale.

210. GRAPTA SATYRUS Edw.

Satyrid Butterfly.
About the size of G. comma much brighter orange, even than in-
terrogatiunis ; the marginal border is narrow, often being represented by
a fc'eries of scarcely confluent spots, there are six spots on wing, but the
lowest, is larger than in G. comma. Hind wings, have the sub-marginal
border, so detached, as scarcely to inclose any spots. Beneath, nmch
as in comma, but the C. is bent in the middle similar to that in progne
but is not <iuite as slight as in that species. Fig. ol, dd.

88

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

Marsyas, is a dimorphic form in which the border is as distinct and
wide as in comma, then the upper surface bears a striking resemblance
to that species, differing only in greater brilliancy of color which shows
more clearly on hind wings. Beneath, the colors arc much obscured
with brown, but the C is quite like that of comma. A variety is much
suffused with dusky above and below, nearly obscuring the markings.
Expands. 1. 30 to 2. 00. Habitat, Oregon, California, Montana, Col-
orado, New Mexico, British America, Ontario, and Quebec. Occurs in
August.

211. GRAPTA HYLAS Edw.
Hylas Butterfly.
Smaller than C. comma, with the margin of wings more incised, .
and the tails of hind pai;-, broad, much as in faunus, and the outer bor-
der above is broad, as in that species ; the spots in the central cell of
fore Aving are inclined to fusion, and the spots are distinct, Fi;^'. ol, j.
On hind wings, the border incloses a row of light spots, as in fiiunus.
Beneath, gray, as in progne, with the C bent in the middle, similar, but
very slight, Fig. 31, jj. Expands, 1.70 to 1.80. Habitat, Colorado.

ft'

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14

i,:

fi

m

i

k

212. GRAPTA RUSTICUS Edw.
Rustic Butterfly.

Size and form of faunus, the incisions of outer border being deep,
and the tails broad; markings also similar but not as dark, being rather
more reddish brown, and the inner edge of the bordering on liind wing,
is more clearly defined, while there is less black within the light spots,
Fig. ol, c. Beneath, the colors are fewer and more clearly defined ; thus
the outer half of wings is grayish, the inner, brown, and the greenish
spots are larger and light edged. The C is bent and slight. Fig. 31, cc.
Expands, 2.00 to 2.10. Habitat, California and Vancouver's Island.

213. GRAPTA FAUNUS Edw.
Green-luxded Co.aima.
Size of C. comma, but differs in having the outer border of wings,
more deci)ly inscribed, the tails of hind pair broader, the black border
wider, and all of the spots large and distinct, the two in central cell of
fore wing being usually fused together, and there is a seventh spot on
this wing, in the angle of the lower branches of the middle vein. Fig.
31, b; the line of demarkation, alung inner edge of black border of hind
wings, is better defined, leaving a clearer basal interspace. Beneath

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

89

the colors are darker than in comma, with greenish markings on outer
half of wings. The C is much as in comma. Expands, 2.00 to L'.oG.
Habitat, Mountains of New England and New York, with the northern
portion, Michigan, Nebraska, Washington Territory ; British America,
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and occasionally, West Virginia to Geor-
gia. Occurs in July and August.

214. GRAPTA SILVIUS Edw.

Woodland Comma.

Wings, deeply incigerl as in G. faunus. Yellowish orange above,
with black bonjw narrowon fore wing, wider behind. Spots on fore
wings as in e(5rnma. There is a series of yellowish spots in outer black
border of hind wings, this border being well defined on inner edge. The
spots on inner portion are small. Beneath, yellowish brown, faintly
sti'caked with darker brown and grayish. The C is angular, with the
lower portion thickest. Expands, 1.90 to 2.00. Habitat, California.

215. GRAPTA ZEPIIYRUS Edw.

Zei'iira Butterfly.

Size of C. comma but with marginal inscriptions rather deeper, and
color rather more orange. The marginal border is not as dark in shade
as in comma, especially on hind wings, but the inner sub-marginal band
is present, inclosing a row of yellowish spots on both wings. Inner
markings on fore wings, as in comma, but those on hind pair are much
more slight. Fig. ol, a. Beneath, decidedly grey, much as in progne,
but there is a brown central band, not seen in that species, and same
yellowish spots on outer portion of both wings, with a rather yellowish
cast to the entire surface, and there are three elongated spots in central
cell of fore wings. Expands, 1.80 to 2.00. Habitat, Montana, and
Nevada to Mexico, also Arizona, Utah, California, and Oregon. Oc-
curs in August.

210. GRATA GRACILIS Gr.-Rob.
Brown-banded Comma.

Size of G. comma, but the palest of all our species of the genus,
being pale yellowish orange; the markings above are about as in comma,
but brown, not black : the border band is pale, narrow, and inconspicu-
ous, this being especially noticeable on hind wings, where the markings
are small but distinct. Fig. <>1, k. Bcneatli, the outer half of wings is
pale grayish brown, darker brown on inner half with a band of clearer
brown crossingmiddlcof wings, andf )nninga dividing line between the
two shades. The C is about intermediate betAveen that of comma and

t !

90

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

progne, Fig. 31, aa. Expands, 1.80 to 2.00. Habitat, White Mount-
ains of New Hampshire, Quebec, British America, and Alaska.

217. GRAPTA SILENUS Edw.

SiLExus Comma.

Form and size of Cx. comma, but with the deep color and heavy mark-
ings above of faunus. Beneath, color is quite similar to that of progne,
being decidedly gray but very dark, and with a well defined blackish
band crossing central portion of wings, Fig. i]2, a: C as in progne.

Oreas is a darker, dimorphic form. Expands, 2.20 to 2.80. Hab-
itat, California, Montana, Washington Territory and Vancouver's Is-
land.

218. GRAPTA PROGNE Cram.
Gray-winged Comma.

Size of G. comma, resembles the dark form of that species some-
what above, in having the hind wings very much obscured with dusky,
Fig. o2, b, but the marginal band of fore wing is as wide as that of
faunus, tliough the spots in the central cell are not fused. Beneath,
differs from any of our species, in being uniformly grayish, without any
decided wide bandings anywhere. The C is very narrow and angular,
Fig. ;)2, bb. Expands, 1.80 to 2.20. Habitat, Northern and Western
States, British America from the Pacific Ocean to Nova Scotia, and
Southern Labrador.

219. GRAPTA J ALBUM Bd.-Lec.
White J Butterfly.
Larger than comma, and quite unlike any other of our species in
markings. F'ore Avings, briglit reddish orange, lighter in spots and dark-
er at base ; three lines of spots on outer margin, the inner of connected
crescents, and within these, are eight large spots of black, Fig. 32, c.
Hind wings, rather duller, with a lighter margin, which is crossed by
two rusty lines or bands, that enclose lighter, crescent-shaped spots.
Within these, on upper margin, is a white spot, followed by a black one.
Beneath, ashy white, banded on outer margin with dusky, inside of which
is a line of black-bordered, bluish crescents, and inside this, is a wide
space of whitish, spotted and transversely marked with brownish ; white
in this, is a narrow, zigzag, umber line, and the space within this is
banded, lined, and spotted with brown and umber. White J as in Fig.
32, cc. Expands, 2.50 to 3.2.1 Haliitat, Northern States, (rare in
Eastern Massachusetts) British America from the Pacific Ocean to No-
va Scotia aiiil Soutliern Labrajlor.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

01

it-

k-
e,
ill

b-

s-

GENUS XXIV.
YANESSA. PICTUKED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, medium to large. Colors reddish or dark above,
often banded or spotted . duller below, without the silvery
C in middle of hind wing. Wings large, scalloped, not
notched. Palpi and body, densely hairy. Antennae,
shorter than the body, with the club suddenly enhirged.
Hibernates as a perfect insect. Type, V. milbertii. (Plate

y, 3.)

220. VANESSA ANTIOPA Linn.

Yellow-bohdered Butterfly.

Size, larger than that of the type. Deep purplish brown above,
bordered on outer margin of both wings with yellow, in which arc black
transverse markings, w ithin this, is a black band, in which is a row of
purplish si)Ots, and within this, on upper margin of fore wings, are two
yellow spots, and this margin is black, finely marked with yellow, Fig.
S2, d. Beneath, shinhig black, marked Avith black in narrow, zigzag
lines, the yellow border is present but paler, and also the spots at apex
of fore wings, but reduced in size. Expands, 2.40 to 3. GO. Habitat^
whole of North America. Lintnerii Fitch, is a reversion, with the out-
er yellow border widened, paler in color, and Avithout purple sub-margin-
al spots.

221 VANESSA CALIFORNICA Bd.
Calafornia Pictured Butterfly.
Size of V. milbertii, reddish orange on fore wings, with three con-
spicous black spots, on upper border of fore wing, and three black spots,
on wing below them. There is a snb-apical whitish spot, and both wings
are bordered with black, without Idue sp- )t-j. Beneath, duller, brownish
at base of wings, with a black, zigzag, dividing line. Habitat, California,
Oregon, Nevada, and Colorado.

222. VANESSA MILBERTII Godt.
INIilbert's Butterfly.
Dark reddish brown above, with a sub-marginal band of reddish
orange, paler within, divided on upi)er border of fure wing by a brown
spot, and the outer division is whitish, within this, on f )re wings, are

M

92

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

two black-ringed orange spots. Tlie outer brown margin has a line
of connected, reddish spots, on fore wings, and on hind pair, a row of
bluish crescents. Bcneatli, duller, with numerous, transverse streaks
of black, and a dividing, central line of black. Expands, l.dO to 2.25.
Habitat, Northern States to Montana; Colorado, Arizona, Pacific States;
British America to Nova Scotia ; Newfoundland.

GENUS XXV.

PYRAMEIS. PAINTED BUTTERFLIES.

Size, vsmall. Colors bright, and the sexes are not dis-
similar. Antennae, about three-fourths as long as the body,
with the club enlarging suddenly, but pointed terminally.
Dillers from Vanessa in having the Avings very ansrular,
and the club of the antennae rather more jiointed. Type,
P, CARDUi. (Plate V, 5.)

22;J.' PYRAMEIS ATLANTA Linn.

Red Admiral.

Dark velvety brown above, with a band of brilliant orange vermil-
ion crossing the fore wing diagonally, outside of which the wing is
black, and in the apex are six white spots, arranged as in Fig. o2, c,
where there is a very slight indication of a bluish sub-marginal band.
Hind wings with a patch in middle of outer margin, bright orange, con-
taining four dots of black. On inner angle of wings, is a black spot, en-
closing a blue center. Beneath, on fore wings the ground color is black,
the vermilion band is repeated, but lighter at the ends; within it in cen-
tral cell, is a narrow band of vermilion, within this a blue band, the
basal upper margin is motded with blue and there is a rude circle of blue
outside of the vermilion band. Three of the inner white spots are re-
peated, and beyond these the apex is grayish, containing double black-
ringed white spots. Hind wings marbled with black, brown, violet, and
yellowish, showing greenish reflections. There are f )ur greenish black-
ringed spots with black, white centered pupils, and there is a yellowish
spot on the middle of the upper margin. Expands 2.oOto o.QO. Habi-
tat, North America generally.

224. PYRAMEIS HUNTERA Fab.

Hunter's Butterfly.
Size about that of the type, P, cardui, and there is a general re-
semblance, but it differs in having a white dot in the outer red spot be-

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

98

ne

of
ks
o.

tvrcen the second and third branches of the middle vein of fore wing.
Beneath, there are only two eye spots on hind wings instead of four, and
these are large and prominent. Fig. S'2, b. Expands, l.!*") to o.71. Hab-
itat of this and the following species, North America generally.

225. PYRAMEIS CARDUI Linn.

Thistle Butterfly.
Plate V, 5.
Size, medium. Dark brown above, with six white spots in apex of
fore wings, and with sputtings and markings in orange as given in the
plate. Beneath, the fore wings are marked much as above, but the
orange becomes crimson lake, the brown is paler, the apex of the wings
is grayish, and the white spottings are enlarged. Ilind wings brownish
with an intricate net-work of yellowish white and with four black cen-
tered eye spots, ringed inwardly, first with blue, then with black, then
with brown, followed with yellow and black. The spots are not large,
and the two middle are smaller than the two outer. These three species
of the genus occur all the year in the warmer sections, and at intervals
from May until August, in the latitude of Massachusetts and northward.

22G. PYRAMEIS CARYE Hub.

Carye Butterfly.
Generally similar to P. cardui, but differs in having only four small
white spots in apex of fore wings, the larger being replaced by one of
orange. The other orange markings of the wing are more broken into
spots, there being five of these, arranged as in Fig. o2 a, where the upper
side of fore whig is given. On the hind wing the black spots are blue
pupiled, the orange is clearer and more extended toward base of wing.
Beneath, on fore wing, the markings are repeated, but there are four
black spots in central cell, the upper of which is a bar and largest. On
hind wungs the four eye spots are uniform in size, crowded together, and
single ringed with brownish, not double ringed. Expands 2.00 to 2.50.
Habitat, California, southward to Chili, Arizona and Nevada.

GENUS XXVI JUNONIA. EYED WINGS.

Size mediunL Colors, dull, \vitli prominent bright
spottings and eye spots. Antennae, about two-thirds the
length of the body, enlarged suddenly as in the last genus,
but it differs in being rounded terminally, not pointed. Al-
so differs from Pyrameis in having the front legs eompara-

94

NORTH AMLiaCAN CLTTEllFLIES.

i»!

tivelv Tiakcd, not covered Avith lonir liairs Tvpf, T. coe-
KiA. ' (Plate VT, 1.)

227. JUNONIA COENIA lliu.
Buckeye Uutterely.

Size, medium. Above, yellowish brown with two eye spots on outer
portion of both wings, the upper, on fore wings, being somewhat incon-
spicuous and colored as in the plate. There is an oblique band of yel-
lowish buff crossing apex of fore wing, and within the central cell are
two black-encircled spots of orange. There is a double sub-marginal
band of yellowish buff on both wings, within which on hhid wings, and
on the lower portion of fore wings is a band of orange. Beneath, on fore
wings paler, with the markings repeated, but the orange bars in central
cell are enlarged, and there is a third bar at the base of the wing and a
space below the cell is suffused with orange. Apex of wings marbled
with rufous, and the small eye si)ot is sometimes double. Ilhid wings
dark yellowish buff crossed with numerous lines of rufous, which show
a tendency in many specimens to mass together near the outer portion
of the wing, over the eye spots which are small, sometimes being repre-
sented by mere dots, at other times larger, with the upper double and
with two intermediate dots. An extremely variable species, regarding
size of eye spots and other markings. Expands 1.75 to 2.20. Habitat,
Middle and Southern States, West, to the Pacific ; rather rare in Massa-
chusetts, and occasional in Maine and Ontario. Occurs in June and
July in the north, and all the year in the extreme south.

227a. JuNONiA COENIA ORYTiiiA Sm-Abb. Similar to the type, but
differs above, in being much darker with all of the markings clearer,
but is lighter below. Habitat, Southern States.

228. JUNONIA GENOVEVA Cram.
Genoveve's Butterfly.

Similar to J. cocnia but differs in being rather more reddish above,
and in having the ujiper eye spots on both wings above but little larger
than the other pair, see Fig. 'do, a, where is givei. a cut of the upper side
of hind wing. The color of the spots in the central cell of fore wing
is reddish orange, not orange, and the same color tints the remainder of
the cell, and all of the light space around eye spots, excepting portion
between them, is also orange. Upper eye spot of hind wing is wholly
black, with a slight pupil. Eye spots below on hind wing, always pres-
ent, and a buff bar crosses the center of wing. Habitat, Arizona and
southward, and some of the West Indies.

NOIITII AMEKICAN CLTTEIIFUES.

95

GENUS XXVII.
ANARTIA. SrOTTED AND BANDED BUTTERFLIES.
Size, iiicdiuiu. Colors, dull whitish cr pale hrown,
banded, Ijiit not conspicuously, and spotted with darker.
Club of antennae, enlargin**' gradually. Fore wings, pro-
duced at apex, and the hind pair are provided with ([uite
a prominent angle near the middle of* the outer border.
Type, A. jatropliae. (Plate, VI, 2.)

Fig. 82.

a

a, upper sido, foro winK, ryram.is caryo ; c. same, 1'. utalauta: b, lower Bide, hind wing, P. hun.
tela: upper side, liind winff. Vanessa antiopa.

229 ANARTIA JATROPIIAE Linn.
Yellow and white banded butterfly.

Size, medium. Above, silvery white, with a marginal band on out-
er border of both wings enclosing a double series of yellowish crescents.
Near middle of upper border of foro Aving is an inconspicuous patch of
dusk/ brown, from which a narrow band of the same color crosses the
wing. There are two black-ringed spots of yellowish in the central cell
and a yellow-ringed black spot in the space between second and third
branches of the middle vein. Hind wings with two yellow-ringed black
spots on outer third, and a dusky zigzag line crosses the middle of the
wing. In the central cell are three dusky bars,from the inner of which
a band crosses to the upper border. Beneath, the black dots are repeat
ed and the dusky markings are reproduced in orange. Expands, 1 .50
to 2.()0. IIabitat,Tezas,wheie it is rare,and southward through Mex-
ico and Central America.

GEN US XXVIII. EUREMA. BANDED REDS.
Medium to small in size. Colors above usually very
bright, conspicuously banded with darker. Beneatli,dull.
The antennae are nearly as long as the body. Fore wings

96

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTER FI,1E.>.

II

\

,■ I

i

l!

i

I,' '

not iDi'oduced at apex, but the hind pair have a prominent
angle, or tail, near middle of outer border. Fore legs,
thickly covered with long hairs. Type, E. letiie, ( Plate
six, 3.)

230. EUREMA LETHE Fab.
Letiie Buttrfly.

Size, medium. Above, yellowish orange, with apex of fore wings
dark brown, enclosing four spots of the ground color, the two lower of
unequal size, the outer being very small, the upper large, and reaching
the upper border of the wing; the two outer are of irregular form, the
lower being somewhat larger than the other. The wing is margined
with brown, and a brown band crosses the wing diagonally on the lower
third. Hind wing, with a short band of brown on the upper angle, and
a double sub-marginal band of brown, the enclosed stripe being lighter
than the surface color. Beneath, pale buff, with a rufous patch in the
middle of outer portion of fore wing, a brown patch near middle of lower
border, and an intricate pattern of rufous on the upper half of wing.
Hind wing with an intricate pattern of rufous at base, and the outer
portion of the wing is overwashed with rufous and crossed with a double
band of rufus which encloses a pale stripe. Outside this is an irregu-
lar line of spots of rufous, the upper blue-pupiled, the others surrounded
with a 3'ellow and a rufous ring. There is a sub-marginal band of gray-
ish, beginning at the tail and extending along the inner edge of the wing.
Expands 1.72 to 2.00. Habitat,Texas, where it is rare, and southward.

CENUS XXIX.
EUNICA. VIOLACEOUS BUTTERFLIES.
Size, small. Colors, rather dull. Antennae, about two-
thirds as long as the bodv, with the club enlardno: ffradu-
ally. Front legs but slightly hairy. Fore wings triangu-
lar, upper angle not produced. Hind wings oval without
any prominent angles. Type, E. momma. Plate six, 4.

231. EUNICA MONIMA Cram.

Violet Butterfly.
Size, small. Above, bronzy brown with violet reflections, nnd with
indications of five white spots in apex of fore wings. The female is near-
ly without the violet reflections, and has the apex of fore wings dark

>

Ml.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

97

brown and the white spots prominent. Beneath, both sexes are bronzy
brown with violet reflections, with a brown patch in the middle of the
fore wings, in which are four white spots. There is a narrow band of
brown crossing tip of fore wing and three bands crossing hind wings, the
two outer have four yellowish-encircled dots between them, the upper of
which is whitish pupiled. Expands l.GO to 1.75.

GEI^US XXX.
TIMETES. SABER-WINGED BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium to large, varying in color from orange
to brown above, often banded with darker Antennae
nearly as long as the body. Fore wings triangular, with
the apex much produced and bent downward. Hind wings
also triangular and provided with two tails, the outer of
which is much the longest^ Type T. coresia (Plate VI, 5.)

232. TIMETES CORESIA Godt.

Brown and White Saber-wing.

Size, medium. Above, velvety brown, with pux'plish luster, palest
basally, where are four faint bands of darker on fore wings, and two on
hind. Outer margin purplish brown, within which is a fainter band of
purplish. Tliere is a marginal band of dark brown that encloses a line
of reddish, which becomes bright at inner angle, and extends down into
the short tail. There are two black crescents near inner angle. Be-
neath, outer portion of both wings violaceous brown, with pale bronzy re-
flections. Patch in apex of fore wings and marginal band, paler, the
latter enclosing a reddish line as above. The brown is furrowed by a
saolloped Idack line, against which rests a line of golden red, with the
inner edge straight and the space between this and the base of the wings
is silvery v liitc, crossed by three lines of reddish, the outer reaching
nearly t'' the lower edge of the hind wings, the next is a little shorter,
and the third (|)iite short. Body beneath, legs, and lower side of palpi
white. Exi)and3 l.oO. Habitat, Texas, where it is rare, and southward.

233. TIMETES PETREUS Cram.

Orange Saber-wing.

Size, large. Apex of fore wings much produced and bent. Fig. 33.
b. Outer tail .GOlong, inner, ,20. Above, bright reddish orange with
the upper margin of fore wings bordered with dusky, more widely toward

98

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

i I

r'^l

apex. There are three black bands crossing both wings, and two or
three in central cell of fore wings. On the hind wings the outer band
is doubled, enclosing an orange line that becomes white on upper border,
where the band is considerably widened. There is a dusky margin to
hind wings, covering both tails, and this is darkened in the middle, while
this dark center sends a band on to the fore wings, which fades toward
the apex. The long tail has a white dot at tip, and above the short tail
is a double bluish ringed black spot, and above this another with two
rings, and above this a black dot. Beneath, pale brown with violet re-
flections and the lines are faintly indicated in darker. There is a line
of points in outer portion of both wings. Expands o.OO to 3.25. Hab-
itat, Indian River, Florida, and southward.

Fig. 33.

a b c

a, hind wing, upper side, Junonia genovpva; h, fore wing, upper side, Timctes petreus; c
same, T. eleucha.

234. TIMETES ELEUCHA Doubl.-Hew.
Short Saber-wixg.
Size, large. Similar to T. petrous, but differs in having the apex
of fore wing not nearly as much produced ; the second band is bent as
seen in Fig. 33 c, the double band on hind wings is not greatly widened
on upper border, and there is no white enclosed, the marginal band on
hind wings is slight and double, but heavier and more extended on fore
pair, there are three brownish eye spots near inner angle, black-pupiled
and white-ringed, and lastly the tails are shorter ; outer about .40, in-
ner, .15.

235. TIMETES CHIRON Fab.
Chiron Saber-wing.
Size of T, coresia but the apex of fore wings, although produced, is
not bent as much. Fig. 34, a. Brown .-s in coresia, but l)oth wings are
crossed • ,ith four yelhjwish brown bands above ; tliere are five dots in a-
pex of fore wings and an extra eye spot in inner angle of hind wings.
Beneath, the light lines are repeated in violaceous, and the white base

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

99

eye spot

of the -wings is crossed with four orange bands. The extra
appears below. Expands 2.00 to 2.25.

GENUS XXXI. IIYPOLIMNAS. TROPICAL NYMPHS.
Generally f>imilar to Limeiiiti^, but differs in having
the club of the antennae enlarfred suddenly, and the last
joint of the palpi is longer and more pointed; sexes, dis-
similar. Type, H. misippus. (Plate VII, 1.)

23G. IIYPOLIMNAS MISIPPUS Linn,
WniTE-sroTTED Butterfly.
Size, large. ]Male, dark brown above, with a large oval patch of
white in each wing, surrounded with a wide ring of violet reflections,
and there is a smaller spot in apex of fore wing. Thorax, head, and pal-
pi, dotted with white. There are two small spots of greenish metallic
atoms at inner angle of hind wing. Beneath, brown, chestnut at base of
wings, the white markings are repeated but enlarged, there are four
bluish spots on upper portion of central cell. Both wings are bordered
with black that encloses a double series of bluish crescents on fore wings,
a line of crescents and a line of triangles, divided by the veins on the
hind wings. Within this band on the hind wings is a line of bluish dots.
There is a black spot on upper margin ofhind Avings. Female, pale
chestnut, much the shade of Danais strigosa, bordered on both surfaces
as is the male below; apex of the fore wings and upper margin, dark
brown, enclosing at apex a largo white band, and above it are three or
four small spots. On hind wing the black spot seen on the upper bor-
der of the lower surface of the male is present. Beneath, paler with
markings repeated, but the apex of fore wings beyond the white band is
very pale. The bluish spots of central cell of male are present, and
there is an extra black spot at end of central cell of fore wing. Expands,
2.G0 to 2.70. Habitat, West Indies, rare on Indian Iliver, Florida.

GENUS XXXII.
LIMENITIS. NYMPII-LIKE BUTTERFLIES.
Medium size. Colors, usually dark, with bright mark-
ings, or sometimes reddish with dark markings. Anten-
nae, about two thirds as long as the bod^', with the club
enlarging gradually. Wings triangular ; hind pair round-
ed, not tailed. Type, L. autiiemis. (Plate, VIL 2.)

100

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFTJES.

I; 1

n ; »

237. LIMENITIS URSULA Fab.
Blue-banded Butterfly.

Similar to the type L. arthemis, but differs in the absence of the
white band on both wings, and the reddish orange spots on the hind
wings. Expands 2.75 to 3.10. Habitat, Atlantic States, Mississippi
Valley, Kansas, and Ontario. ( Frn form proserpina see appendix. )

2o7a, LiMENiTis URSULA ARizoNENSis. Differs from the type in
having fore wing much produced, as are also the hind pair. The mar-
ginal spots on fore wings are restricted to a single series, there being no
trace of sub-marginal markings. The hind wings have two rows along
the margin, the outer small. Habitat, Arizona.

238. LIMENITIS ARTHEMIS Dku.

White-banded Butterfly.

Tlate VII, 2.

Size, medium. Above, dark brown, both wings crossed by a wide
band of white, with two white spots in apex of foro wmgs. Without the
white band on the hind wings is a line of metallic gfcen spots, on each
of which rests a spot of reddish orange. There is a double sub-ma"^inal
series of metallic green crescents, most distinct on hind wings. Be-
neath, reddish with the markings repeated, but the orange spots are en-
laro-od. the greenish line that precedes them is absent, and they are in
a dark brown field. There is an additional reddish orange sub-marginal
band on fore wing. In the central cell are two black-encircled reddish
oraniie spots, with greenish and bluish markings, in the interspaces,
near base of hind wings, are three black-ringed reddish spots, with a
greenish spot inside them. Expands 2.."iOto3.10. Habitat, Northern
United States, British America, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec,
and Nova Scotia. Both this species and the preceding occur in July.

23f). LIMENITIS WEIDEMEYERH Edw.
Weidemeyer's Butterfly.
Size, large. Differs from the type L. arthemis in absence of any
greenish aljovc, in the white band being more divided into spots and nar-
rower on f jre wings, in tlie spots in apex of fore wings being larger, see
Fi"-. JU, b, and in there being an extra band of small white spots near
outer margin of b"th whigs. Beneath, the markings are repeated but
enlarged. There are indications of the reddish markings in the central
cell of fore wings, and the basal portion of the hind wings is ovcrwashed
with whitish, cut bv the black veins and banded with black at the base

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

•101

of the wing. Expands 2.75 to 3.10. Ilatitat, Rocky Mountains to'New
Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nebraska.

liSOa. LiMENiTis WEiDEMEYERiii SINE-FASCIA Edw. Similar to the
tj'pe, but lacks the wide white central band. Habitat, Arizona.

240. LIMENITIS DISIPPUS Godt.
Banded Red Butterfly.

Above, brownish red, margined around both wings and along vein-
ingg, with black. There is a band of black crossing apex of fore wing
much widened above, and enclosing three spots of white, Fig. 34, c, and
another, also black, crossing middle of hind pair. There is a small, ar-
row-shaped spot of white in upper margin of fo re wmg between the band
and apex, and a double series, includhig fringe. Beneath, paler, with
markings repeated, but the Avhite spots are enlarged, and there is an
additional white dot in black enlargment of margining of central cell of
fore wings, (sometimes present above) and occasionally a spot below this
and also sometimes one or two at base of hind wings, and along inner
margin of black band. Expands 2.2;") to 3.1 (I Habitat. United States,
north to Nova Scotia and Ontario, and into British America as far nnrth
as latitude i')2 degrees. Occurs in the north in July, August, and Sep-
tember. This species resembles the Milk-weed butterfly somewhat, but
may be at once known by the black band crossing hind wing. An ab.
errent form, possibly a sub-species, has been called pseudodorippus by
Strecker. In this the black band on hind wings is absent and the tri-
angular band of fore Avings nearly wanting.

241. LIMENITIS FLORIDENSIS Strec.
Florida Banded Bl'tterfly.

Similar toL. disippus but differs in being deep mahogany brown a-
bove, and but little lighter beneath. And usually the extra white mark-
ings seen in occasional examples of disippus are present below, those are
the spots near base of wings and spots within the black band i.f hind
wing. Expands 2.2.") to 3.00. Habitat, Soutliei-n States.

I can see no difference between the L. floridensis of Strecker named
in 1S7S, and theL. eros of Edwards named in 18S0, as the rantre of in-
dividual variation in this southern butterfly is considerable, thus two
forms become inadmissil)le and as Streckcr's name has priority I have
used it. Indeed, with a large series of disippus and floridensis, under
examination it becomes quite a serious qucsti(jn as to whether floridensis
ought not to take sub-specific rank after all.

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tt

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1

102

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

242. LIMENITIS IIULSTII Edw.

IIlLSl's BlTTEia-LY.

Similar to L. disippus above, but differs in having the apex of fore
■wings very pale above, in the absence of the triangular black band, and
in the presence of four triangular white spots, all of uniform size, not
irregular, in having a spotted band on hind Avings with white edges, and
in the abscnccof black margin to both wings. Expands 2.75. Habi-
tat, Utah.

243. LIMENITIS LORQUINI Bd.

LoRQUix's Butterfly.
Dark velvety broAvn above, with apex of fore wings tipped with a
greater or less amount of reddish orange. Both wings are crossed by a
white band as seen in L. arthemis, but it is more divided into spots than
in that species. There are three white spots at apex of fore wing and
one in central cell, Fig. o.j a. There are usually some traces of reddish
spottings on hind wing outside the white baud. Beneath, the white
markings are repeated, but larger, and there is a sub-marginal band of
spots, one at base of fore wing, some at base of hind wing white, and the
upper and lower margins of hind wing arc white. The red of apex on f jrc
wing is more extended, and most of the ground color of the hind wing is
is red. '"he veinings arc black, and there is a l)lack band crossing out-
er third of hind wing, enclosing red spots. Expands 2.2-") to 2.50. Hab-
itat, California, Arizona, Nevada. Occurs in June, July, and August.

24:Ja. Limenitis lorquini burkisonii Novo. Differs from the
typical lorquini, in the entire absence of any red in apex of fore wing
above, and in the presence of a scries of red spots outside tlicAvhite band
on hind wing, and there are indications of a sub-marginal scries of spots.
Beneath, the white sub-marginal band of light spots is slightly indicated
only, and Avhcn present is bluish not white, there are no white spots at
the base of either wing.

I have described above, a form of Limenitis obtahicd by Mr. II. K.
Burrison, in British Columl)ia, during July 1S!>0, from Landsdowne,
westward to Vancouvers Island. There is considerable variation from
the tyite towards typical lorquini, but aniDUg the large series in the i)os-
sessi'in of Mr. Burrison. I have yet to see a single specimen that cannot
readily be distinguished from the southoi-n examples of lorquini, al-
though it is quite probable that in intermediate localities intergrades
•will be found.

f, ;"

i!

!!

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE VL

0 Anartia iatrophae. 3. Eurema
1 Jimonia coema. -'■ Anariui j^t i

lethe.' 4. Eunica monima. . 5. Timetes coresia.

PLATE VL

2

lurema

North American Butteiillei,

O.J. II.

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NORTH AMFRIOAN BUTTERFLIES.

103

GENUS XXXIII.

HETEROCimOA. TROPICAL NYMPHS.

Quite similar to Limenitis, differs in the wings being

shorter and rounder, not produced at apex of fore wings,

nor in center of outer border of hind pair. Type II. ciili-

fornica. (Plate VII, 3.)

244. IIETEROCIIROA CALIFORNICA Butl.
Californian Nymph,
Size, large. Above, dark velvety brown. Patch at apex of fore
wings, not reaching margin anywhere, reddish orange. There is a band
of white crossing both wings, broken into spots on fore wings, but entire
on the hind pair, The central cell of fore wing and upper margin of
fore wing is bluish, with a black line crossing cell, and on cither side of
it is a black-encircled reddish spot. There is a reddish crescent on in-
ner angle of hind wing surmounting a black dot. There is a faint light-
er marginal band to both wings, enclosing a black line, Beneath paler,
with markings repeated, but enlarged. There is a bluish sub-marginal
band to both wings, a bluish edging to lower portion of white band on
hind wing, and some bluish and reddish markings at base of hind wings.
Expands 2.50 to 3.00. Habitat, California, Arizona, and Nevada.

GENUS XXXIV. APATURA, SPOTTED GRAYS.

Size, small. Color, gray on both surfaces, spotted and
banded with black and wdiite. Antennae, a little shorter
than the short body. Fore wings much produced, but the
apex is rounded. Hind wings much produced at inner
angle, but the elongation is rounded. Form of sexes differ-
ent, males having the wings more pointed. Tyjje, A cly-
ton. (Plate VII, 4.)

245. APATURA CELTIS Bd-Lec.
Lotus Gray.
Size, small. Grayish brown above, lighter at base of wings. A dou-
ble sub-marginal band of darker, most distinct on hind wings, enclosing
yellowish. On fore wings, inside this a line of four whitish spots ter-
minating below with a black, pupilless eye spot, yellow-ringed, then a line,

n

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.'■■■-

k

'ki

1(H

NORTH AMKRICAN DUTTERFLIES.

somcwliiit zigzaj;. of irrcj^ular sized wlntisli spots, tlic lower doiible; cen-
tral cell wliitish, with a dark band of black sjwts in it. Hind wing with
six or seven yellow-ringed, i)iii)illeas eye spots; above tiie upjicr, on mar-
gin of wing, is a S(iuare wliitish spot. Central cell with three dusky
spots, and a dusky band outside of it. Ijcncath, markings on fore wings
repeated but all excepting eye spots are paler. Also similar on hind pair
but there are seven double-ringed eye spots, four of which, the largest,
are pupilcd. Expands 1 S>0 to 2.00. Habitat, Virginia to Gulf of Mex-
ico, and Mississippi Valley.

240, APATURA ANTONIA Emv.
Antonia's Gray.

Differs from A. celtis in having two large pupiledeyc spots on fore
wings, both of Cfiual size. Expands 1.50. Habitat, Texas.

24(la. Ai'ATURA ANTOXIA MONTIS. Differs from the type in being
much more bluish. Habitat, Arizona and Colorado,

247. APATURA LEILIA Edw.

Leilia Butterfly.

Differs from A. celtis in having the hind wings more produced at
inner angle, J'ig. ;)4, f. in being more orange above, in having two eye
spots without pupils in middle of f>re wings above, and three below,
pupiled and ringed. The light mai'kings are lighter, and there is a
band of white si)ots partly crossing middle of hind wing below. There
are two dark marks only in central cell above, these being represented
by bars, with a light space between them. Expands l.SO. Habitat,
Arizona,

248. APATURA ALICIA Edw.
Alice's Gray Butterfly.

Differs from celtis mainly in being larger and much grayer in
general coloration. Expands 2.2o to 2.35. Habitat, Gulf States.

249. APATURA CLYTON Bd-Lec.
Clytox Gray-'.vin .
Differs from A. celtis in the large" S'ze, absence of eye spots on
either surface of fore wings, in the baud crossing fore wing being more
continuous. There are two bands only in central cell of fore wing ( Fig.
34, e,) but there is no consi»icuous light space between them as in A
leilia. Expands 2.10 to o.OO.

NORTH AMKRICAN lU'TTERFLIES.

105

240a. Apatura clyton proserpina Scmld. is darker witli the
hind winjis mucli obscured with dusky and the eye spots uu both sur-
faces nearly ol)si)lete. Habitat of both forms, New York, southward,
to the Gulf of Mexico, and westward through the Mississippi Valley
into Kansas.

250. APATURA FLORA. Edw.

Flora's GRAv-wiNa.
]Most like A. clyton, but diifers in having both wini^s more pointed,
in being much more reddish orange above, in having the marginal bands
wider, the light spot on upper margin of hind wing is absent and the
eye spots are larger. Beneath, the colors are clearer and brighter.
Expands 1.75 to 2.50. Habitat, Florida and Texas.

251. APATURA COCLES Lint.

Blind Gray-wing.
Most like A. celtis, but the wings are more pointed than in any
known member of the genus. There are two eye spots on fore wing,
the lower larger, and ♦:he upper has slight indication of a bluish pupil.
The central cell has two bars as in A. leilia. Hind wings, with the eye
spots larger than in celtis. On fore wings below, are three eye spots,
broadly ringed with yellow, but with slightly indicated pupils only.
On hind Avings the eye spots are large and oval. About the size of A.
celtis. Habitat, Texas.

GENUS XXXV. PAPIIIA. LEAF-WINGS.

Size, rather large. Colors, orange, or reddish above in-
conspicuously banded with darker. Beneath, grayish, band-
ed with darker. Antennae, shorter than the short body,
with the eUib enlarging very gradually. Wings, large and
triangular, the apex of fore pair produced into an acute
angle, and there is a tail in the middle of the hind pair,
while the inner angle is also angulated. Type, P troglo-
DYTA, (Plate VII, 5.).

252. PAPHIA TROGLODYTA Fab.
OiiAN(jE Leaf-wing.
Bright reddish orange above, broadly margined with dusky all
around on both wings, excepting lower border of fore pair, There is

1^

i;

ii

im

•51

)" t

106

NOKTII AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

a black banti at end of central cell and a small dot Avithin the cell, a
dusky spot on upper border of hind wing and an indistinct band cross-
ing middle of wing. The female has a double band of black on 'fore
wing not quite crossing to upper border, where it forms a rude Y, and
the band on hind wing is much more distinct than in the male. Beneath,
^oth sexes are glossy gray with the dark markings seen on the female
showing indistinctly. There is a submarginal band of Avhite dots on
hind wings. Expands 2.00 to 2.40. Habitat, Western States, from
Illinois to Texas ; Nebraska.

253. PAPIIIA ]\I0RR1S0NII Edav.

IMorhison's Leaf-wing.

Similar to P. troglodyta, but the apex of fore wings. Fig. 35, a, is
not as produced nor are the tails as long, the double band is present in
the male on both Avings and encloses round spots of the ground color.
The female differs from that of P. troglodyta in being without marginal
bands and other dark markings indistinct. Beneath, not quite so glos-
as in P. troglodyta. Expands 2.35 to'2.GO. Habitat, Mount Graham,
Arizona, and Mexico.

GENUS XXXVI. DEBIS. THICKET BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium. Colors, brown, with conspicuous eye
spots. The three veins of the fore wings are considerably
swollen at base. Antennae, long, slender, gradually en-
larging into a rather thick club. Fore wings, triangular,
not produced at apex. Hind pair rounded and scalloped.
Typf, D. poiiTLANDiA. (Plate VIII, 1. )

254. DEBIS PORTLANDIA Fab.

Pearly Wood Butterfly.

Above, deep rich brown. There is a dusky marginal band on out-
er border of both wings enclosing two yellowish bands. Within this a
light space in wluch are three pupilless, but yellow ringed, eye spots on
fore wings and five on hind. There is a dusky band crossing middle of
wing. Beneath paler, with a violet tinging. Marginal bands repeated,
the light ones violet, and a violet ring surrounds all the eye spots on
both wings. These arc pupiled; there are two 5' mall extra ones on fore
wing and one extra double on lower angle of liind pair, and a second
dusky band crosses middle of both wings. Expands 2.( K ) to 2. 1 5. Hab-
itat, from New England, wliere it is rare, west to the Rocky Mnuntains,

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

107

and south to the Gulf of Mexico ; British America north to latitude

10 degrees.

GENUS XXXVII.
NEONYMPIIA. QUAKER BUTTERFLIES.
Size, small, to medium. Colors dull, usually grayish,
frequently with eye spots on one or both surfaces. An-
tennae, short, with the club enlarging gradually. Front
wings triangular, with veins somewhat swollen at base, hind
pair oval. Type, N, eurytris. (Plate VII, 2.)

Fis. ?A,

a c d

a upper sirlo, fore wing, Timctes chiron ; b, upper siile, furo wing, Limenills wieilonieyprii;
c, same of L, disippus: d, baiuc L. luniuini ; e, lower side, furo wiug, Apatura clyton ; f, lower side,
hiiiU wlug, A. Icilia.

NEONYMPIIA CAN Til US Bd-Lec.
Ten Spotted Quaker.
^ Size, rather large. Differs from the type N. eurytris in being larg-
er, in having nine eye spots above instead of five, ard these are without
silver markings but are ringed with yellowish, F'g. 85, b, where is given
the upi)er sit^.e of hind wing. There is also a dusky band crossing out-
er portiun ot fore wing preceedcd outwardly by a light band. Beneath,
the spots arc ten, not six, and are double ringed, not single. Expands
1.8 "to 2.16, Habitat, Nortliorn States. On "io, and Quebec. Occurs
in July.

250. NEONYMPIIA GEMMA Hub.

Gem Quaker.
Size small. Differs from N. eurvtris in being more reddish brown
m havnig no markings aliuvc, cxccptnig a slight indication of two

108

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

:i ^.5

M i

iV '■

J:

J

ilW

m «

or three spots on IuikI -wings. Beneath, besiik? the two common hars
crosshig both wings the only markings on fore wings are three or four
faint dots on outer portion of wing. On hind i),ur ilicre are four silver
centered black dots crowded together in a light space in middle of out-
er border, Fig.'i'), c, while there are some silver markings above and be-
low them. Expands l.'2.")to l.;!*). Habitat, West Virginia, south to
the Gulf of Mexico. Occurs from June until September.

'2r>7. NEONYMniA IIENSIIAWI Edw.
IIensiiaw's Quaker.

About the size of the type N. eurytris, but is more reddish or rus-
ty above, a dark k.nd crosses middle of b(jth wings, and there are two
black dots in middle of outer border. Beneath finely marked with mi-
nute lines between the common bands. On outer portion of fore wings
there is a wavy band, but no spots. In the middle of hind wing is a
whitish space containing four dots in pairs, each with a silver center,
Fig. of), d. Above and below these are silver markings. E.xpands 1.50
to 1.70. Habitat, Arizona, Southern Colorado, and New Mexico.

258. NEONYMPIIA AREOLATHS Sm-Abb.
Golden-ringed Quaker.

Smaller than N. eurytris but about the same color above but with
out markings. Redder beneath, two common bai's only on fore Avings,
on hind pair five yellow ringed, oblong black spots, each withu row of
silver dots and all are surrounded with a rusty orange ring, Fig. oO, a.
Expands 1.25 to IM. Habitat, Gulf States, East Tennessee, and oc-
casionally New Jersey.

258. NEONYMPHA EURYTRIS Fab.
Five-spotted Quaker.
Brown above with three narrow sub-marginal bands and two yel-
low-ringed black spots, each with two dots of silver and three similar
spots on hind pair. Beneath, paler with marginal bands clearer, spot-
tings more distinct, and more clearly ringed, with an extra small spot on
upper border of hind wing. Between the two central spots on both wings
are silver markings. Two common reddi,sh bands cross both wings.
Expands I.o0to1.50. Habitat, Atlantic States, excepting perha"ps
Florida, and u]) the Missi3sii)pi Valley to Nebraska, Ontario and Quebec.
Occurs in June, Julv, and Au-'ust.

XOimi AMEIirCAN BUTTERFLIES.

103

2.-»Sa. NEONYMniA eurytris viola Mayn., Fij?. nO, b, differs from
typical N. eurytris in being larger, lighter in color, witli spottings above
and below very large and clear, '.vhilc the small upper and luwer spot on
hind wing is minute, and often missing. Expands l.tiO to 17.">. Hab-
itat, Enterprise, Florida. Specimens from which I have made the above
description were obtained by my friend, Mr, E. B. Clapp, at Enterprise,
Florida, in the spring of lSSS,andits distinctness from the more north-
ern form appears to entitle it to the sub-specific rank given it in the
Appendix of Butterflies of New England, page 71, December 18')0.

2o9. NEONYMPTTA SOSYBIUS Fab.
Dark Quaker.
Smaller than N. eurytris, darker above, with no markings. Be-
neath paler with an indication only of spot m apex of fore wing. Ilind
ing with three spots, one above. Fig 37, a, two below, with slight in-
uicatioAS of silver markings. Two common bands are present on both
wings. Expands 1.10 to 1.20. Habitat, Middle and Southern States
and the Mississippi Valley.

2G0. NEONYMPIIA RUBRICATA Edw.

Ruddy Quaker.

Pale brown above, reddish in central cell of fore wing, and faintly
so in central cell of hind wing. There ai'e three dark marginal lines.
At apex of fore Aviiig is an ochraceous-ringcd black spot, containing
two pearly dots, and there is a similar spot near inner inner angle of
hind wing. Beneath, grayish brown, with reddish tinting brighter.
Spots and marginal bands repeated, but there are two bars of rusty
and there is a pearly spot above and below the black eye spot in apex
of fore Avings. On hind wings boLiW is an additionol black spot near
upper angle, similar to the one below, and there are two j'ellow-ringed
pearly spots between the two. Expands 1.20 to 180. Habitat, Texas
and Arizona.

GENUS XXXIX. COENONYMPHA. YELLOW QUAKERS.
, Size, small Colors, dull jellow, with few or no prom-
inent markings. Antennae, not more than one-half as
long as the bodj-, witli club enlarging gradually. Fore
wings, triangular, roinid at apex, hind pair, oval. Type,
C.ELKO. (Plate, VII J, 2. j

no

WORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

261. COENONYxMPHA CALIFORNIA West-Hew.
Californian Yellow Quaker.

Larger than the type, C. elko, and paler above. Darker beneath,
with a yellow-ringed dot at apex of fore whigs, Fig, 37, b, and one not as
distinct on inner angle of hind pair. There is a light band crossinjr
fore wings, and an irregular band crossing the darker hind pair, and
inside this band the wing is darker. The female has four spots on the
hind wings and two on fore pair. Expands 1.20 to 1.45. Habitat, Cal-
ifornia and Montana.

20 la. CoENONYMPHA CALIFORNIA GALACTINUS Bd. Darker than
the type, the basol portion of hind wings above showing considerable
dusky. Beneath, quite dark, the light bands showing, through contrast
more distinctly.

2Glb. CoENONYMPiiA CALIFORNIA ERYNGI II. EdAV. Resemblcs
typical C. California but is much more yellow.

2Glc. CoENOK A.PTTA CALIFORNIA PULLA II. Edw. Very much
darker, insomuch so J' « markings beneath are very indistinct, and
here is a reddish tint on ddle of fore wings. Occurs in April and
May.

Fig. 35.

ii t

a bed

a'u|)|jcr Bide, fore wing, Paphia morrisonli ; d, upper side, hind wing, N?onympliii canlhus;
c, lower side, hinU wing, N, gemnui ; d same, N. honsliawi.

2G2. COENONYMPIIA ELKO Edw.

Elko Yellow Quaker.

Plate VIII, 3.

Bright yellowish orange above, with a silky luster, but without
markings. Beneatli, paler, dusky on apex of fore wings, with a faint
bar of whitish at end ^f central cell. Dusky on hind wings, with an ir-
regular band of -whitish crossing middle of wing; no other markings.
Expands 1.00 to 1.10. Habitat, Elko Nevada, and Spokane Falls,
Washington.

NORTH AMERICAN iiUTTERFUES.

HI

263. COEXONYMrilA INORNATA Edw.
Plain Yellow Quaker.
Differs from the typo in being larger, in being oclicry brown above,
and lighter in central cell of all the wing?. Beneath, grayisli with a
greenish tinge on hind wings, banded much as in the type, but the base
of hind wings is darker than the portion outside the band. No spots
on either surface. Expands 1.40. Habitat, Montana, British Amer-
ica and Newfoundland.

201. COENONYMPIIA OCIIRACEA Edw.
OciiRACEOUs Quaker.
More ochery j'ellow above tlian in C. elko, and the size is larger.
No spots nor markings. Beneath, grayish on apex, upper margin and
base of fore wings. Near apex is a wlr"te-pupiled black spot, which is
yellow-ringed. Hind wings, light reddish brown, grayish on outer mar-
gin and at base. Near outer margin is a series of six black dots, usu-
ally white-pupiled and broadly yellow-ringed. Near base are two irreg-
ular brown spots, and an interrupted band crosses middle of wing. Ex-
pands 1.40 to l.GO. Habitat, Montana to Arizona; Kansas and Brit-
ish America.

265. COENONYMPHA AMPELOS Edw.
Ampelos Quaker.
Similar to C. elko above, but paler beneath, and quite bufty atapex
of fore wings. Hind wings paler tlian the fore pair. The light bands
are present but do not cross either wing. No sp(jts anyvvhoi-e. Ex-
pands l.oO. Habitat, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and Montana.

200. COENONYMPHA KODIAC Edw.

KoDiAC Quaker.

Light brown above, witli a gray sliade, and having a satiny gloss.
Beneath, bruwnish from base to middle of wings lighter beyond, with
gray scales on fore wings, and bluish scales on hind pair. No spots on
either surface. Expands l.oO. Habitat, Kodiak, Alaska.

207. COENONYMPHA BRENDA Edw.

Southern Yellow Quaker.

Above, light buff without spots. Beneath, more yellow; there is a

pale reddish line en fore wings without the central cell, not reaching

either margin ;on hind wings a similar line reaches frum end of cell to

lower margin. Ou apex of fji'e wings is a lai-ge round black spot, and

112

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

with a point below this. Hind wings have a more or less complete sub-
marginal row of black dots. Expands 1.40 to 1.50. Habitat, Los An-
gelos, California.

268. COENONYMPHA PAMPJHLOIDES Reak.

White-dotted Quaker.
Above yellowish. Hind wings beneath, mottled with greenish;
brown from base to middle. Outer half of wings same color as above.
There is a sub-marginal row of six white dots, each encircled with a
brownish green ring. Expands 1.30. Habitat, California and British
America.

GELUS XL. EREBIA. DUSKEY BUTTERFLIES
Size, small to medium. Colors, dark brown, or red-
dish brown, often unspotted, sonetimes with a reddish patch
on fore wings which may enclose black dots. Diflers main-
ly from the last genus in not havingthe veins of fore wings
much swollen at base, and in the prevailing dark color.
Type, E. EPipsri; i\. ( Plate, VIII, 4. )

269. EREBIA FASCIATA Butl;
Fasciated Butterfly.
Dark brown above without markings. Beneath, lighter brown with
a wide band of grayish on outer portion of both wings, not quite crossing
to lower border of fore pair, when it becomes reddish, but reaches quite
across the hind pair. Fig. 27, c, and there is an indication of a second
bar near base of both wings ; the bands are bordered with black. Fe-
male has a reddish patch on outer portion of fore, and band on hind wing
above. Expands 1.80 to 2.00. Habitat, Alaska and Arctic America.

270. EREBIA DISCOID ALIS Kirby.

DrscAL Dusky Butterfly.

Reddish brown above, with the upper border mottled with white
and a large patch of reddish in middle of wing. Beneath similar, with
the outer half of hind wing grayish, and some grayish markings in the
middle of inner half. Fig. o7, d.

1

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

113

271. EREBIA VESAGUS Doub-Hew.
Four-dotted Butterfly.
Differs from E. discoidalis in having a lightish patch beyond end
of central cell, and a reddish patch near outer boi-dcr of fore wing con-
taining four black spots without white pupils. Expands 2.00. Habi-
tat, British America.

272. EREBIA ROSSII Curt.

Ross' Dusky Butterfly-.
Dark brown above, with a double reddish spot near apex, each di-
vision of which contains a white-pupiled black dot. Beneath, spots on
fore wing repeated, and on hind wing near outside portion is a pale band
containing a series of white points, Expands 2.00. Habitat, Arctic
America.

Fig. 3G.

a. lower siile. Neonymi.ha areolatus. b, same, N. eurytris viola.

278. EREBIA MANCINUSDoub-Hew.
North-western Duskey Butterfly.
Size, small, dark brown above, with a triangular patch of chestnut
near middle of fore wmg, without spots. Expands l.oO. Habitat
Alaska and Rocky Mountains in British America. '

274. EREBIA IIAYDENH Edw.

Hayden's Butterfly.

Pale slaty brown, without spots or markings. Beneath, paler with

a sub-marginal row of white-pupiled, rusty-ringed, brown spots on hind

wmgs. Fig. 87, e, and three or four points, also rusty-ringed on fore

pair. Expands 1. GO. Habitat, Montana. Occurs in August.

IJ

:!l

1
i

I ■

13 '

I 0

i; »

!■ r

!

5

ii!!
I.

114

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

275. EREBIA CALLAIS Edw.
Colorado Dusky Butterfly.
Brown above, with a silky gloss. There is a sub-triangular chest-
nut patch on outer third of fore wing, encircling a double black spot eacti
division of which has a white pupil. There are three small black spots
on hind wings just outside the central cell, each chestnut-ringed. Be-
neath, reddish brown, gray on hind wings, with the markings above pres-
ent on both wings. Expands 1.50. Habitat, Colorado and New Mexico.

27G. EREBIA EPIPSODEA BuTL.
Dotted Duskey Butterfly.
Plate VIII, 4.
Dark reddish brown above, with a yellowish red patch on outer
portion of both wings. There is a double black spot in upper portion of
that on fure wings, each division of which is white-pupiled, below this
are two others, the first small, and the lower larger and white-pupiled.
On hind wings the patch is often divided into spots, three of which
have black centers, often white-pupiled. Beneath, the fore wings are
reddish, with markings repeated ; on hind wings grayish, with mark-
*"^gs nearly absent. Habitat, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, Wash-
ington, British America, and St Michaels, Alaska. Occurs in June
and July.

277. EREBIA ETHELA Edw.
Ethel's Butterfly.

Similar to E. epipsodea, but diifers in having six spots in the red-
dish field on fore wings, and five on hind pair. Beneath, the reddish
is replaced by yellowish-buff. Expands 1.50. Habitat, Yellowstone
Park.

278. EREBIA SOFIA Sir.
Strecker' Dusky Butterfly.

Dark brown above, fore wings crossed by a band of rusty yellow,
and there is a tint of the same color in the central cell. Hind wings,
with a sub-marginal row of brown spots. Beneath, dark rusty red on
fore wings, paler in central cell, banded as above. Hind wings brown,
with the broAvn si>ots replaced with white. Expands 1.50. Habitat,
Fort Churchill, British America.

NOIITII A.Mi;i:iC'AN I!I TTEIiFI.IES.

110

279. EREBIA MAGDx\LENA Str.
IMagdaleen's JjUTTEUFLY.
Size large. Dark blackish brown on both surfaces, with a purplish
tinging above, without spots or markings. Expands 2.00. Habitat,
mountains of Colorado. Occurs in June and July.

GENUS XLl,
GEIROCHEILUS. MOUNTxVIN WOOD BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium. Colors, dark brown dotted with white
and marked with reddish. Both wings rounded, hind pair
scalloped on outer margin. Veins of fore W'ings, swollen
at base. Antennae, not as long as body, club enlarging
gradually. Type, G. tritoxia. ( Plate VIII, 5. )

280. GEIROCHEILUS TRITONIA Edav.
Triton Butterfly.
Brown above, lighter on outer border of fore wing and at base of both
pairs. Outer margin of hind wings yellowish red, and there is a sub-
marginal band of dusky on both wings. On outer portion of fore wings
are four spots of white, and three on hind pair. Beneath, similar, white
spots larger, and the reddish margin of hind wing is tinged with bluish-
Expands 2.00 to 2.oO. Habitat, Southern Arizona.

GENUS XLII. HIPPARCHIA. GRAY-WINGS.
Size, medium. Colors, dull, usually grayish, frequent-
ly with small eye spots on one or both surfaces. Anten-
nae, short, with the club enlarging gradually. Fore wings,
triangular, and pointed at apex, with veins somewhat swol-
len at base, hind pair, oval. Type, H riding sii. (Plate^
VIII, 6.)

281. HIPPARCHIA RIDINGSH Edw.

Ridings' Butterfly.

Size, small. Ashy brown above, with a band of elongated yellowish

spots crossing both wings, interrupted in middle of fore wings. On the

fore wings are two small, oval spots, white-pupiled, Plate VIII. Hind

wings without spots. Beneath, a little paler, much lined with brownish.

rr^r

UG

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

Spots, not much enlarged, and there are none on hind wings. Expands
1.80 to 2.00. Habitat, Colorado, Montana and Nevada.

2S2. IIIPPARCIIIA DIONYSIUS Scud.
Scudder's Wood Butterfly.
Differs from S. ridingsii in being larger and paler, with the brown
markings below fainter and fewer. Expands 2.00. Habitat, Utah.

GENUS XLIII. SATYllUS. WOOD BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium to large. Colors dark with prominent eye
spots on fore wings and sometimes with reddish patches.
Veins, swollen at base. Type S. alope. (Plate, IX, 1.)

283. SATYllUS PEGALA Fab.

Southern Wood Butterfly.

Size, large. Differs from the type in the larger size and usual ab-
sence of the second lower eyespot on the fore wing and the one present
is proportionately small, Fig. 38, a. Beneath, rather grayer than alope,
and there are six prominent eye spots on hind wing. Occasional speci-
mens have the two eye spots on fore wing. Expands 2.40 to 3,00. Hab-
itat, Gulf States, rare on Coast of New Jersey, and at Mount Holley,
New Jersey.

284. SATYRUS ALOPE Fab.
Y''ellow-spotted Butterfly.

Size, medium. Dark brown above, with patch of reddish orange on
outer portion of fore wing, in which are two white-pupiled black spots,
the white frequently encircled with bluish. On hind wings is frequent-
ly a white-pupiled black dat. Beneath paler, much lined with blackish,
markings of fore wing similar, and there are from four to six eye spots
on hind wings. Expands 1 .00 to 2.2.j. Habitat, New England, except-
ing northern portion, and New York south to North Carolina. Occurs
in July, August, and September.

284a. Satyrus alope texana, Edw. Similar to type, but mcuh
paler, more like pegala but with two eye spots on fore wings.

284b. Satyrls alope maritima Edw. Smaller than the type,
darker, with the patch on fore wing restricted and much brighter in
color. Habitat, Martha's Vineyard, Eastern New Jersey, and Grand
Menan, New Brunswick.

V

i

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

117

285. SATYRUS NEPIIELE Kirby.
Brown Wood Bi:tti:rfly.

Diifers from the typo in the mere indication of the reddish orange
patch on fore Avings. Sometimes this patch is more distinct than at
others, and thus specimens appear to approach alope, but I look upon
such examples as reversions towards some ancestreal type, which was
possibly S. pegala. Expands l.no to 2.00. Habitat, northern New
England, Ontario, Quebec, New York, and British America. Occurs
in July and August.

2S:)a. Satyrus nephele olympus Edw. Paler than the type in
general coloration and averaging larger. Habitat, Illinois to Rocky
Mountains and British America.

28.5b. Satyrus nepiiele boopes Behr. Smaller than typical S.
nephele and darker, there being little or no light area on fore wing. Hab-
itat, California to Washington.

285bl. Satyrus nepiiele boopes ixcana Edw. Similar to sub
species boopes but differs in having the lower side washed with whitish.
Habitat, Washington.

28G. SATYRUS ARIANE Bd.
Ariane's Butterfly.
Similar to S. nephele Avith two eye spots, white-pupiled and pale-
ringed on fore wings. Six small ones on hind wings below, white-pupiled
and yellow-ringed and this wing is crossed. by wavy lines. Expands
1.50. Habitat, California and Weber Mountains, Utah.

287. SATYRUS PAULUS Edw.

Paulus Butterfly.

^ Similar to S. boopes, but yellower below, and much clouded with

whitish on hind wings, while the general markings are more distinct.

Expands 2.00. Habitat, Cajjifornia, Sierra Nevada, San Bernardo,

and Nevada.

288.

*

SATYRUS BARONI Edw.
Baron's Butterfly.
Differs from S. nephele in being reddish brown above, pale beneath
and the outer half of hind wing is whitish or brownish gray. Spottings
much as in S. ariane. Expands 1.50. Habitat, Northern California

118

NOKTII AMERICAN m'TTiniFLIES.

>.

I m

;iH

281).

SATYllUS GABBII Edw.
(Jabb's 1>ittl:ufly.
Light yellowish browii above with clouded yellowish red on fore
wings, and an obscure yellow shade over outer halfof hind wings. On
these wings arc four eye spots, lowest largest i)upiled, and all are yel-
low-ringed. Beneath ])aler. uniformly streaked with brown. Si.x eye
spots on hind wings beneath. E.xpands 1.80. Habitat, Oregon and
Weber Mountains, Utah.

290. SATYRUS WIIEELERII Edw.

WllKELEU's BUTTKIIFLY.

Light brown above, clouded with darker, with the sub-marginal
bands on both wings showing. There arc two eye spots on f )re wnigs,
the upper inclined to be doul)le and has two pupils, there is an eye spot
on hind wing. All the spots are white-pupiled and yellow-ringed. Be-
neath, very pale with sjtots on fore wings enlarged, and there are six on
hind wings, the second from upjier side oval, all are whitc-i»upiled and
pale yellow-ringed. There is a central band of brown and the remain-
ing surface is much lined with brown. The female is larger and paler.
Expands 2.00 to 2.oO. Habitat, Apache, Arizona; Owen's Lake, South
em California; and Southern Utah.

2IJ1. SATYRUS MEADH Edw.
Mead's Butterfly.

Pale brown on fore wings above, rusty in the central cell and in the
field which includes the eye spots, of which there are two, pupiled, and
one on inner angle of hind wing. Brown beneath but more rusty, this
tinting extendmg over the entire sui'face of fore wings. Eye spots large
and yellow-nnged. Expands 1.50. Habitat, Montana to Arizona.

292. SATYRUS SILVESTRIS Edw.
Sylvan Butterfly.

Dark brown above, with a single pupilless eye spot on fore wings,
the female however has two, yellow tinted beneath, the eye spots on fore
wings are yellow-ringed, and on the hind wings are from one to six
black dots. Expands 1.60 to 1.80. Habitat, California and British
Columbia.

^*id

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

119

203. SATYIIUS OETUS Bd.
Californian Wood BuiTERrLY.
Dark hi'Dwn above, witli two small impillcss eye spots on f )i*c wiiii!;s.
Yellowish below, and the two eye sjtots arc larj^er, white-itupilcd ami
yellow-rinj!;e(l. There are one or two white spots on hind win;^s and a
band of reddish across middle of wing. Expands l.oO to 1.00. Habi-
tat, i^orthern California.

2U4. SATYRUS CHARON Ei.w.
Charon Butterfly.

Dark brown above, with a single pni)illess eye spot on fore wing,
female with two, yellow tinted beneath, with a grayish washing. There
are tw(j yellow-ringed eye spots on fore wings and from one to six on
hind pair. Expands 1.40 tu 1.50. Habitat, Mew Mexico to Montana
and British America.

a b

a, lower Bide, hind winj;, Neonyniplui sosyhlus; b, uppnr side, furn wing Coenonyinpha Califor-
nia; c, lower side, hind wing, Erebia fasciata ; d, snnio, K. discaidulis; c, same, K. haydeui,

295. SATYRUS STHENELE Bd.

San Francisco Butterfly.

Size, small. Fore wings not as much rounded at apex as in other
members of the genus already described. Dark brown above, with two
black, \vhite-pu[)iled eye spots on fore wing, and a sub-marginal dark
band on hind pair. Beneath, paler, lined with darker, th^-e is a broad
irregular band on middle of hind wing, on either side of which is a whit-
ish band. The eye-spots on fore wing are much enlarged and arc yel-
low-ringed. Expands 1.50. Habitat, San Francisco, California. Said
to be extinct.

120

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

■t

'!

) '

GENUS XLIV.

CHIONOBAS. BARREN-GROUND BUTTERFLIES.

►Size, medium. Color, either yellowish or dark, with-
out prominent markings. Palpi and body, very hairy.
Antennae, short, about half the length of the body, with
the club enlarging gradually. Fore wings, rather pointed
at apex; hind wings oval. Type C. semidea. (Plate IX, 2.)

29G. CHIONOBAS GIGAS Butl, .
Giant Butterfly.

Size, large. Above yello-.vish orange, margined all around both
wings with dusky. There is a patch of dusky below the central cell of
fore wings, and the hind wing is lined with darker. There is a whit'' ■
pupiled black spot on hind wing near inner angle, and two in fore pair,
with a dot between them, Fig. 38, a. Beneath, paler on f )rc wing, mar-
gined with grayish, lined with darker. The two-pupilcd spots are re-
peated, but the dot is absent. Hind wing whitish, lined and mottled
with brown and bluish, with the markings massed into a swohcn central
band, and nearer the base. Female, paler, with the patch on th'; fore
wings below cell absent; there is a second dot below the lower pupiled
spot. Beneath, the middle dot is present. Expands 2.-10 to 2.50. Hab-
itat, Vancouvers Island.

297. CHIONOBAS IDUNA Edw.

IdUNA BUTTERFLi'.

Similar to C. gigas, but differs in being paler on both surfaces with
fewer markings on both surfaces of hind wing. Males have one spot
only on fore wing. Fig. 38, o, and none on hind pair, but this is pupiled.
Females have two spots on fore wings, the upper only pupiled, above
each is a dob ; a pupilless sDot on hind wing. All three spots beneath
are pupiled. Expands 2.50 to 2.G0. Habitat, Mendocino, California.

2!)8. CHOINOBAS CALIFORNICa Bd.
Californian Barren-Ground Butti.rfly.
General coloration similar to C. gigas but differs in having one
pupiled eye spot on f n-e wings above, the lower being represented by a
pupilless dot. Hind wings with pupiled dot, on lower side the dot is ab-
sent but the other spots are present. The female has a dot below lower.
a spot which is larger tlian in the male, but without pupil, but both

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

121

spots are nupiled en the lower side, but the middle dot is absent, and the
dark markings are more numerous than in the female of C. gigas. Ex-
pands 2.40. Habitat, Mt. Hood, California.

299. CHIONOBAS NEVADENSIS Feld.
Nevada Barren-ground Butterfly.
Similar to C. gigas in color above. In central cell and below it and
along upper border of fore wing, dusky. Both wings are margined with
a darker color. There is a short triangular patch on upper border of
hind wing of dusky. Near apex of fore wing is an eye spot, and another
near inner angle of hind pair, both without pupils. Clearer beneath,
bandings of foie wings dusky only, that at basal portions of hind wing!
is wanting, but these wings are much lined with dusky, with the usual
two bands crossing them. E} e spots, repeated but not pupiled. Ex-
pands 2.25. Habitat, California.

300. CHIONOBAS CHKYXUS West-Hew.
Dull Orange Buttekfly.
Dull orange above. Dusky on basal half of fore wings, and also on
upper and outer border. There are two oval eye spots, both pupiled, and
a dot between them. Outer border of hind wings, mottled with black,
and the entire wing is mottled and lined with dusky. There is a single
pupilless eye spot. Clearer beneath, with less dusky on fore wings
Hind wings, with the usual bands. Expands 2.25. Habitat, Colorado
along the Rocky Mountains into British America.

301. CHIONOBAS CALAIS Scudd.
Calais Butterfly.
Deep ochraceous brown above, flecked with black on upper and outer
margin of both wings, with two, throe, orfive, pupilless eye spots near
outer margin. Hind wings, indistinctly marked with darker. One
blind eye spot. Marbled with yellowish and brown beneath, the hind
wings with a dark double band. Eye spots on fore wings as above, but
some are pupiled. Eye spot on hind wings reduced to a mere dot. Ex-
pands 2.20. Habitat, Rupert House, Hudson's Bay, and Newfoundland.

302. CHIONOBAS INVALLDA Mead.

Nevada Barren-ground Butterfly.
Fore wings above, brown, mottled with yellowish aLjng upper mar-
gin. There is a sub-marginal band of yellowish, divided into patches

>'. .- .!

122

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

( ■

m

ill

:ii

hy the veinings, and in the second patch near upy;er margin is an oval
black spot, white-pupiled, and in the second pato'i from louver margin
is a pupilless dot. There is a dusky bar crossing end of central cell,
am^ joining a patch beneath tlie cell. Jlind Avings, yellowish, clouded
■with dusky, and there is a pupiled black dot near inner angle. Beneath
fore wing yellowish, marbled at base and along upper and outer margin
with dusky, and crossed by two dusky bands. The upper pupiled spot
only is present, hind wing crossed by two brown bands, and much lined
with brown. Female has the fore wings yellow, crossed beyond cell by
a narrow, dusky band, and there are two extra eye spots between the
two, both pupiled. Eeneath, similar to male but with the four eye spots
pupiled. On hind wings is a large pupiled eye spuK and two or three
small ones, all pupiled. Expands, 1.80 to 2.-10. xxabi tat, Nevada and
Eastern California. Occurs in July and August.

303. CIllONOBAS VARUNA Edw.

Dakota Butteri'ly.
Above brown, often reddish or yellowish, upper margin of fore wings
banded with dark brown, dusted with white near base. Apex and outer
margin also bordered with brown. Beyond the central cell, are from
one to four small black eye spots. Hind wings have a narrow brown
border, and all the wings are edged Avith dark scales. The eye spots
vary from one to five, or sometimes there are none. Paler, beneath, on
fore wings, sprinkled with brown on upper and outer margin, striped
•with brown in the central cell, and near its outer end are two whitish
patches, while all around the outer margin is a line of white dots. The
eye spots are repeated and white-puiiiled. Hind wings, mottled with
light and dark brown and white, varying in amount with individuals.
There is a dark line crossing middle of wing, and a line of wliite dots
along outer margin. The eye spots are five, and white-pupiled. Ex-
pands l.CO to 1.75, Habitat, Dakota and Calgarry, British America.

304. CHIONOBAS UHLERI Reak.

Uiiler's Butterfly.
Size, small. Reddish buff above, darkest on outer and upper mar-
gins and in basal two thirds of central cell of fore wings. There is a
pupiled eye spot near apex. Fig. 3!l, a. Ilirid wings, much Uned with
dusky, and with a dusky sub-marginal band; there are two eye spots.
Beneath, paler, with the eye spot repeated on fore wing, and the wing
lined Vf\t^ dusky. Hind wings, without eye spots and the linings are
much coarser. Expands, 1.75 to 2.00. Habitat, Colorado and Mon-
tana.

'

NORTH AMERICAN BLTTERFLIES.

123

305. CHIONOBAS TARPEIA Eps.
Taupean Butterfly.

Brown above, yellow tinted. Wings all around margined wi th dark-
er. 2Ncar apex of fore wing are three or four eye spots. Hind wing,
with four or five eyo spots. Pale beneath, and the eye spots are repeateil
but are white-pupilcd. Expands 1.00. Habitat, Europe and Arctic
America.

30G. CIIIONOBAS TAYGETE Hub.

Iaygete Butterfly.

Dark brown above, ( female pale yellowish brown,) with darker
marginal bands. Outer border narrowly edged with black. Flecked
with hoary on apex of fore wings beneath, and on whole of hind wings,
excepting on edges of middle band, and on a darker sub-marginal band.
Sometimes there is an indistinct eye spot, but this is usually absent;
there are faint yellowish-white spots on outer portion of hind wing. Be-
neath, paler than above, and there is sometimes an indistinct white spot.
Hind wings much as in C. jutta, with veins distinctly flecked with white.
Expands 1.78 to 2.14. Labrador and Alaska.

307. CHIONOBAS JUTTA Hub.
Barren Ground Butterfly.

Size, medium. Above, yellowish brown, with a sub-marginal row
of reddish yellow spots crossing both wings, the ujjper and lower of which
on fore wings, have dark centers, and there is a pupilless eye spot on
the inner angle of hind wings. Beneath, paler, with spots on fore wings
repeated, and the upper is white pupiled. Apex and upper margin,
marbled with black and white. The hind wings are marbled with black
and white, with a wide, darker central band, margined outwardly and
inwardly with white, and there is a sub-marginal row of white dots. Ex-
pands, l.Go to 2.15. Habitat, British Columbia, Quebec, Hudson's
Bay, Labrador, and Orono, Maine.

308. CHIONOBAS SEMIDEA Say.

WiiiTK Mountain Butterfly.

riato IX, 1.
Size, small. Above, blackish brown, yellowish along veins at base
of wings, mottled on outer portion of hind wings and along upper bor-
der of fore wings, with dusky. Beneath, paler, blackish mottled at apex
and along upper and outer 1)ordor of f )re wing. Hind wing much mot-
tled with black on basal two thirds, less so on the outer third, andtliese

124

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

■h *

two portions are divided by a white band. Expands, 1 .00 to 1.0,"). Hab-
itat, White Mountains, New Hampshire; Labrador, Ungava Bay, and
Quickstep Harbor, Gulf of Cumberland. Occurs in July and August.

309. CniONOBAS CRAMBIS Frey.
Crambis Butterfly.

Varying from dark to yellowish brown above, sometimes with small
pale eye spots. Hind wings wi th markings below showing through. On
fore wings, beneath, similar, but hoary at apex. Hmd wings marbled
"With dark brown, ochraceous brown, and grayish white, with a darker
middle band, bordered with whitish. Expands 1.78 to 2.12. Habitat,
Labrador, Arctic America, Alaska, Colorado; and New Mexico.

310. CHIONOBAS SUBHYALINA Curt.

Arctic Barren-ground Butterfly.

Wings, semi-transparent. Upper portion of fore wings flecked with

black and white. There are two small white-pupilcd, black spots near

apex of fore wings showing most distinctly below. On fore wings simi-

" lar, beneath ; on hind wings spotted with black and dirty white, and there

are three or four white dots. Expands 1.70. Habitat, Arctic America.

GENUS XLV. LIBYTHEA. BEAKED BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium. Colors, dark, relieved by orange and
white &!pots. Palpi, very long, in the form of a beak. Fore
wings, long, narrow, much produced at apex. Hind wings,
short, and straigiit on outer margin. Antennae, short, not
half as long as the body. The males have four perfect
feet, the females six. Type, L bachmani. (Plate IX 3.)

311. LIBYTHEA BACHMANI Kirtl.
Baciiman's Butterfly.

Dark brown above Avith three white spots in apexof fore wings, a
reddish orange elongated spot in central cell, and a triangular patch of
same color below it. Hind wings with a triangular patch of reddish or-
ange. Beneath, similar on fore wings with markings, excepting white
spot in apex, which is indicated only, repeated, but the orange is more
extended, filling the cell. Tip of fore wings and whole of hind pair, over-
washed with grayish, and there is a whitish bar across the hind wing,
but the orange spot 13 absent. Expands, 1.40 to 2.00. Habitat, At-

f

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE VII.

1. Ilypolimnasmisippus. 2. Limenitis arthemis. 4. Ap-
atura clyton. 3. Heterochroa californica. o. Paphia troglody-
ta.

PLATE VII.

I

K'Tlh American Butterflies,

C. J, M.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

125

lantic States, but very rare in New England, Texas, Arizona, Ontario
and Mississippi Valley,

;J12. LIBYTIIEA C ARINENTA Cram.
Pale Beaked Butterfly.

Similar to L. bachmanibut differs in being paler especially on hind
■wings, with the orange markings yellowish and in having four white spots
on fore wings, Fig. 3!) b. Beneath, the white spot in apex is present but
the orange spot below the cell is not enlarged, and is pale yellowish.
Expands l.SO. Habitat, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and south"^ard.

Fig. 38.

a be

a, upper bhIo, fore wings, Satyrus pegala; b, upper side, fore wing; Chlonoljasgigas; c, same,
C. invallda.

Family III. ERYCINIDAE. Herbage Butterflies.

Size, small or medium. Antennae, straight, with the
club rounded, never hooked. central cell of both wings,

OPEN.

GENUS XLVI.
LExMONIAS. WHITE-DOTTED BUTTERFLIES.
Size, small. Colors, black and orange or reddish, much
dotted with white. Fore wings, long and triangular, rather
pointed at apex. Hind wings, short and rounded. An-
tennae, nearly as long as the body, with the club enlarging
gradually. Type, L. virgulti. ( Plate, IX, 4. )

313. LEMONIAS VIRGULTI Behr.

Pacific Lemonias,
Plate IX, 4.
Reddish orange above, both wings margined with brown, this color
occupying the basal half of hind wings. There is a sub-marginal row

I

'

i

i i

I'i

* i

i . •'

12G

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

of •white dots in brown edging on both wings, within this an irregular
band of black, white-edged, and somewliat interrupted on hind wings.
Within this on fore wing are three black-ringed, white spots, and an or-
ange one; on hind pair, three black-ringed white spots and throe orange,
the last small and arranged in a row. Beneath, orange on fore wing
only, without brown ui)pcr margin, otherwise the brown is paler and
extends over entire surface. Spottings repeated, enlarged and there is
a second line of white dashes along outer margin of both wings. Ex-
panda, .1)0 to 1.2."). Habitat, Southern California.

31 1. LEINIONIAS DURYI Edw.
Dury's Dotted Butterfly.
Size, small. Reddish orange above, both wings bordered with
brown, which contains a row of white dashes, each of which has a black
dot. Crossing middle of both wings is a row of black spots some of
Avhich are edged inwardly with white. Each wing has a Avhite spot at
end of central cell, edged on both sides with black and there are some
black spots. Fore wings beneath paler, with markings repeated. Hind
wings, ashy brown, with spots and dashes repeated, but enlarged, and
there is a row of small white spots, crossing middle of wings. Expands
.90 to 1.19. Habitat, New Mexico. Occurs in April.

315. LEMONIAS NAIS Edw.
Nais Butterfly.

Size, medium. Deep reddish orange above, both wings bordered
all around with dark brown, and ^th wings are crossed by about four
bands of dark brown, on upper margin of fore wings is a small white spot
Fig. 39, c, and another near inner angle of hind wing. These spots are
double in the female, and there is an additional pair on lower border of
fore wing. Beneath, on fore wings, pale orange, without border, except-
ing a narrow line on outer margin of both wings. On hind wings the
orange is much obscured with bluish. The bandings are repeated, but
broken into spots. Expands 1 .30 to 1 .oO. Habitat, Arizona, 2s ew Mex-
ico, and Colorado. Occurs in July and August.

316. LEMONIAS PALMERH Edw.

Palmer's Butterfly.

Size, small. Pale brown above with outer margin and base of wings

orange. There are two rows of white spots, crossing outer portion of

both wings, and six or seven white spots within these. All of the spots

i. ,

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

127

are black edged, outwardly and iinvardly. Beneath, pale or.mge with
■white spottings repeated. Expands l.(X) to l.l'O. Habitat, Utah and
Arizona. Occurs in June and July.

ai7 LEMONIAS MORMO Feld.
Felder's Butterfly.

Dusty yellow on both surfaces ; both wings crossed by a sub-margi-
nal band of spots, each black and white ringed. On fore wings there is
a spot in central cell, and three spots nearer base. On hind wings there
are two dots in central cell. Beneath, paler, with the spots repeated,
but much larger aiid nearly confluent. Expands .UO to 1.10. Habitat,
California, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.

318. LIMONIAS CYTHERA Edav.
Cytiiera Butterfly.

Similar to L. virgulti, but differs in having the second band of white
spots on fore wing incomplete, this being represented by four spots on
the upper margin and one beloAv, in having the base of wing above dark
brown, and in having three white spots along the lower margin in tiie
brown border. Expands 1.10. Habitat, Arizona.

319. LEMONIAS ARES Edw.

Ares Spotted Butterfly.

Brown above, tinged with reddish on outer portion of fore wing, and
on upper margin of hind pair. On fore wings is a sub-marginal row of
indistinct dots, within which is a row of black crescents, then a short
row of black spots at end of central cell, and a little nearer base is a row
of similar spots crossing wings. There are three rows of indistinct spots
crossing base of cell. Hind wings, with a sub-marginal roAV of black
dots, then a roAv of small spots, foUoAved by a short row at end of cell.
Rusty beneath, with apex and upper border of fore wings, and all of hind
wings dusted with white scales. The black spots are repeated on inner
portion of wing distinctly, but are indistinct or absent on the outer por-
tion. Expands 1.30 to 1.60. Habitat, Southern Arizona.

Cleis is a dimorphic form, paler in general coloration on both surfaces.

GENUS XLVH.
EURYGONA. VARIED BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium. Color, dark, varie<>?ated with bridit
tmts. Hind wings, elongated. Fore wings, large and tri-

«-ir.

rwfsm

128

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

angular. Antennae, very slender, nearly two thirds as
long as the fore wing, club enlarging gradually.

IW

>& I

320. EURYGONA ABREAS Edw.
Red-banded Butterfly.

Dark brown above, vcdcUsh on central cell of fore wings to base, and
on the basal half of hind wing; there is a bandof red crossing both wings,
near middle, and between this and the outer margin, is a pale brown
stripe. Fore wings and upper half of hind wings, edged with brown ;
the lower half of hind wings, red edged, and along this edging is a series
of white crescents, the upper of which is surrounded by a large black
s,, ot. Reddish gray beneath, with the markings repeated. Expands
1.00. Habitat, Southern Arizona.

GENUS XLVIII. CALEPHELIS. PIGMIES.
Size, small. Colors bright, spotted with black and
metallic colors. Fore wings triangular, hind wings oval.
Antennae, nearly as long as the body, with the club enlarg-
ing gradually. Type C. caenius. (Plate IX, 5.)

321. CALEPHELIS CAENIUS Linn.

Golden Pigmy.

Golden orange on both surfaces, darker above, with both wings
crossed with about six bands of black dots. There is a sub-marginal
band of shining black-lead color, within which is a band of spots of the
same color. Both surfaces marked alike. Expands .75 to .85. Hab-
itat, Southern States. Occurs in Florida from April until November.

322. CALEPHELIS BOREALIS Gr-Rob.
Northern Pigmy.
Larger than C. caenius, differs in being browner above, with only
four rows of black spots. Rather yellower beneath, than in the tyv'i,
and the spots are less distinct, but the lead colored lines arf ^ "o is-
tinct. Expands 1.00 to 1.20. Habitat, New York, New J -Vest

Virginia, Michigan, and Illinois.

\.

li iji

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUE3.

129

323. CALEPIIELIS AUSTRALIS Edw.

Southern Pigmy.

Similar to C. borcalis, but differs in having the outer margin of fore

wings, much bent outward in the middle, in not bemg as red above, and

the black lead lines are not as heavy. Expands l.OUto l.Oo. Habitat,

Southern Texas and Arizona.

324. CALEPIIELIS NEMESIS Edw.

Avenging Pigmy.

Pale brown above, darker on basal half. Both wings crossed by

two lines of lead colored dots, within which are two linos of black dots,

one central, the other basal. Expands, 1.00. Habitat, Arizona and

Southern Cp.lifomia.

GENUS XLIX. EUMENIA. SLUGGISH BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium. (Jolors, black, relieved with orange
and greenish spots. Wings, short and rounded. Central
cell, closed. Antennae short, not as long as body with the
club enlarging ve]y gradually from the middle, then nar-
rowing to the tip. Type E. atala. (Plate, IX, 6.)

32o

•^- EUMENIA ATALA Poey.

Green-spot 1 ED Sluggard.

Black above, with fore wings overwashed with green on basal three-
fourths. Hind wings, with a little green on either side of the central
vein, and with a broad border of bluish-green crescents. . Beneath, black
no markings on fore wings ; on hind wings three rows of bluish-green
spots; on outer half of the wing, and on lower margin is an oblong red-
dish orange patch. Expands l.GOtol.80. Habitat, Extreme Southern
Florida, near Byscayne Bay. Occurs throughout the year.

Family IV. LYCAENIDAE. The Little Butterflies.

Size, small. Legs, six. Antennae, straight. Hind
wings, rounded.

I

J3

« i t

III

3 if
< ill

:1

IP

130

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

GENUS L. THECLA. HAIR-STREAKS.
Small, colors usually dark above, lighter below, orna-
mented Vr'itli small spots of brighter color along outer bor-
der of hind wings. Fore wings, triangular. Hind wings,
rounded and often tailed. There is usually an oval sex
mark on fore wing of male. Type, T. poeas. ( Plate,
IX, 7. )

323, THECLA GRUNUS J3d.

Bosduval's Hair-streak.

Size, large. Yello »vish-bro^vn above (Females more yellow in cen-
ter of wing ). Beneath, yellowish white, with a central band of pale
bl.iok. On outer margin of hind wings are some pale crescents. Ex-
pands l.oO. Habitat, Northern and Southern Nevada.

327. THECLA CRYSALUS Edw.
Colorado Hair-streak.

Size, large. One toil. Purple above, with outer margin of both
wings, and upper margin of hind pair broadly edged with bhick, and
more narrowly on upper margin of hind pair, depending from this in the
middle, is a large black spot. In the marginal band on the lower side
of fore wings are four yellowish spots, and in the angle is another trian-
gular spot. On hind wings are two oval yellowish spots, with black pu-
pils. Tail, long, black and white tipped. Lower side brown, faintly
i ngcdwith purplish. Fore wings, with a sub-marginal band of black
spots, preceded by a white line, and the yellowish spots are repeated.
There is a second line of bark brown crossing wing, Avliite edged on both
sides. Hind wings, with a margin:.^ series of yellow spots, with one on
inner angle, black, and one or two in middle of wing have black pupils,
but those towards upper margin are pale. Outside these spots, is a black
line. Crossing middle of wing is a brownish line, white bordered.
There is a line in cell, and a dark brown stripe extending from upper
border to middle of wing. Expands 1. 50 to 1.70. Habitat, Southern
Colorado.

327a. Thecla CRYSALUS citlma II. Edw. Differs from the type. T,
crysalus, in having the yellu wish spots above very fiiintly indicated. The
color beneath is more ashy, and tlie markings are less prominent, often
nearly wanting. Habitat, JNIt. Nemo, Utah, and South Western Colo-
rado.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

131

rpe,T.
The

often
Colo-

328. TIIECLA IIALESUS Cram.
Blue Hair-streak.

Size, large. Male, tails, two. Above, bright glossy black on outer
fourth of buth wings, excepting toward inner angle of hind pair, where
the border becomes narrower, and there is a black border along lower
margin. Sex mark, black. Hind wings Avith tails black, before the lar-
ger is a blue crescent, with a smaller one on either side. Beneath, black-
ish brown, with a red spot at base of fore wings, and tAvo more at base
of hind pair, and the fore wmgs have a dash of blue along central vein.
Hind wings, have the blue crescents repeated, with three others before
them in a black field. Female has about half the wings dull black above
and lacks the blue on under side of fore Avings. Expands, 1.40 to l.GO.
Habitat. Gulf States, Illinois. Nevada, California, and Arizona.

Fig. 39.

a, u|riiii sido, f >re wiiiK. Cliionobas ulilon ; b, Bamc, Libythea carlnenta: same, Leiuoiiias iiuis;
c, same, L. [.almcii : e, lower Bule, hiiul win^', Thcclafavonius.

329. THECEA M-ALBUM Bd-Lec.

White M Hair-streak.

Size, large. Tails, tAvo. Above rich, glossy, violet blue, quite
broadly bordered outer on margin, more narrowly on upper, Avith black.
On hind Avings above tails, is a reddish orange spot, preceded by Avhite
at inner angle. Beneath, brownish gray ; on fore Avings is a single Avhite
line on outer third, bent iuAvard on the second branch (^f middle vein.
This line is continued across the hind Aving and forms a rude W over
the tails. BctAvecn this and the margin is a seconf Avhite cred line os-
cents, the Avholc edged outAvardly Avith black, broken above the first tail
by an orange patch Avhich extends iuAvardto the first line. Outer mar-
gin of Aving Avhito, Avith a large blue patch before second tail. Tails
black, white tipped. Exp-.nds 1.30 to 1.40. Habitat, Gulf States, Vir-
ginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio.

330. THECLA FAVONIUS Sm-Abb.

Southern Hair-streak.

Dark broAvn, above, sex mark blackish. On outer margin of hind
wings near mnor angle, is a Ijlui.sh line, above a narri)w liliick border,

Il

132

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

above which are two round black spots, above that, between the two.
tails, is a reddish orange crescent, on either side of which are two bluish
spots, below the innermost of which is a second orange spot. Beneath,
silvery brown, with a band on outer third of both wings, white, not quite
crossing fore wing, and black-lined inwardly. The white line becomes
double near inner angle of hind wings, and formsarufle W, black-lined
below. Fig; 40, a. It is interrupted over the space between the tails by
an orange spot, which extendsinto a point towards the upper margin;
The inner angle is a second orange spot and both have a black spot below
them. Beneath this, a blue patch spotted with black. There are indi-
cations of a second band of blackish between the common band and the
margin. Expands 1.00 to 1.30. Habitat, South Carolina, and the Gulf
States.

331. THECLA AUTOLYCUS I.dw.
Texas Streaked Butterfly.

Tails, trao. Brown above, with a large patch of ochraceous in out-
er half of fore wings, sometimes extending quite across the wing. Hind
wings Avith a spot of same between the tails, with a small spot of orange
on inner angle, and there is usually a black spot between the tails. Be-
neath, silvery brown, with two more or less broken lines of white on
both wings, edged with black. The inner line of hind wings f jrms a
shallow W. There is a series of orange crescents outside the l)lack and
white hne, and a black spot between the tails, also one at inner angle,
the space between them being blue. Expands 1.05 to 1.10. Found in
Texas and Missouri.

332. TIIECLA IIUMULI IIarr.
Gray IIaif.-streak.

Size, medium. Tails, two. Dark slaty blue above. Sex marks,
dusky patches. Fringes, white. On outer I) )r(lor of hind wings is a
black line, above it is a wliite line, extending from inner angle to middle
»)fwing. Above this, two black spots, the one between tails with an
orange crescent over it. and on either side of the crescent are two white
spots, one behind the other. On inner angle, is a small oran;j;e sp it.
Pale slaty blue beneath: partly crossing fire wing, ami wholly cros.sing
hind wing, is a white line, black edged within; on hind wing this line
firms a rude W over tails. Fig. 4<», a. On fore wings, nearer margin a
dusky line and on hind ])air a line of black s})ots, white edged outwardly
and inwardly. Bi'tween tails, and on inner angle, are two black s])ots,
surmounted by a reddish spot. ^Marginal line, repeated. Expands l.lo.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

133

lis line

1.35. Habitat, Atlantic States, Mississippi Valle}-, Montana, and Cal-
ifornia. Occurs from May until August.

I

OOO,

TIIECLA MELINUS Bd.

Allied IIair-streak.

Quite similar to T. humuli in general coloration, differing in the
absence only of the red edging to the black line, crossing both ^vings.
Expands 1.25 to 1.30. Habitat, California, Nevada, and Arizona.

333a. TiiECLA melinus pudica, differs from typical T. melinus in
being much paler, with markings very faint, they being quite obliterat-
ed on fore wing. Size also smaller. Expands .{JO. Found in Arizona^

334. TIIECLA ALCESTIS Edw.
Tawny IIair-streak.

Size, medium. Tails, two, both long. Pale yellowish brown, un-
spotted. Grayish, beneath. Both wings have a sub-marginal line of
white, black edged, broken by the veiuings on fore wings, and on upper
half of hind pair. Then forming crescents in middle, and ending at in-
ner angle in a straight line. It is edged with orange outwardly, then
between this edging and the margin, is a clear grayish space. At inner
angle is a round black spot, with an orange stripe, next this is a large
black spot, covered with bluish scales ; beyond this is a round black spot.
Both wings are crossed by a white line, which is straight to middle of
hind wing then zigzag. On middle of wing is a white stripe. Expands
1.30. Habitat, Texas andMt. Graham, Arizona.

335. TIIECLA ACADICA Edw.
Pale Hair-streak.
Size, large. One tail, long, the other rudimentary. l*ale smoky
brown above. Sex mark, narrow, and ashy in color. There is a nar-
row sub-marginal line of black on both wings. On hind ]Kiir, there is
a spot of orange between the tails, beneath wliich is a black line, and
below this a second black line, extendhig to the inner angle, Avherc there
is a black spot. Very pale slate beneath, with bronzy reHcctions, mar-
gined as above. On fore wings there is a line of black spots, orange
edged without, white edged withhi, then a Hue of white-ringed black
spi»ts, and in the middle uf the wing is a short line of black, white-ringed,
and having a lighter center. On hind wings these markings are repeat-
ed, excepting that the red spots, along outer line of black, arelurger
The tail is l)lack, and between it and tiie black spot on inner angle is a

134

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

i!

blue spot ; above the black spot is a dot of white, and the red spot above
this is large and triangular in form. The line in middle of wing is long-
er than that on fore pair and lacks the black center. Expands 1.2(J to
1.35. Habitat, Ontario, Quebec, Northern States, Montana, Nevada,
and Arizona.

330. THECLA CALIFORNICA Edw.
Californiax IIair-streak.

Pale brown above, near inner angle of fore wing are two faint orange
spots, and near inner angle of hind pair are three orange crescents.
Beneath, gray tinged with reddish. On hind wings is a straight line of
black, white edged. On fore wings, beyond cell, is a band of seven larger
black spots, all edged withuut with white. There is a marginal row of
orange crescents, small and pale toward upper margin, but larger and
deeper colored toward inner angle. The one at angle extends up the mar-
gin and encloses a pale blue spot, which is sprinkled with white atoms ;
all of the crescents are surrounded by black, which is white edged above.
Expands 1.30. Found in Nevada and California to Vancouver's Island.

TiiECLA CALIFORNICA CYGNAS, Edw. is similar, but paler, and the
spottings are not as distinct.

337 TIIECLA DRYOPE Edw.
Dryoi'e IIair-streak.

Pale brown above, broadly edged with yellowish brown on outer
margin and apex of fore wings, and more narrowly on hind pair, while
there is a yellowish sub-marginal band on hind wings. Yellowish gray
beneath, and there is a central row of small rounded black spots, white
edged on both wings, and a series of spots outside these, pale on fore
wings, but more distinct on hini pair. Spot on inner angle, and the
third and fourth, show a few orange scales, and the spot next the inner
angle shows a trace of bluish. Expands 1.20. Found in California
and Utah.

338. TIIECLA EDWARDSII Saund.
Edward's IIair-stre/Mv.
Size, medium. Tails, two, outer, short, inner, long and twisted.
Dark brown above, with two alternate black and white lines between
the tail and the inner angle, Avhich has a black dot on it, and directly
over the tail is a rather indisthict spot of reddish. The sex mark is pale
and oval in form. Pale smoky brown beneath. There is a black mar-
ginal band to both wings, and then a white one. Inside this is a band

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES,

l:].j

of black spots, outside of which, and resting against them, is a lino of
quite ]>ale reddish spots, which are brightest behind. This is edged
with white internally. Inside this is a band of dusky spots, each of
which is entirely surrounded with white. On both wings, in central
cell, are two short, white lines, the outside of which is dusky. Between
the outer and inner tail is a black dot, above which is a distinct crescent
of red. and between these and the inner angle is a blue field. The spot
at angle is black, above this a white dot, then a streak of red. Expands
1.10 to 1.40. Habitat, Ontario, Quebec: Maine, and Massachusetts
west to Nebraska and Colorado.

339. TIIECLA AVITTFELDII Edw.
"Wittfeld'.s Hair-streak.
Size, large. Tails, two. Inner, 1 .mg, outer, short. Dark brown
above. Sex mark, oval. Inner half of outer margin of hind wings is
bordered with metallic blue, and there is a large orange spot over a black
marginal spot near inner angle. Dark brown above, narrowly margined
with white on both -wings. Upper margin of fore wing near base, red.
Both wings arc crossed by two lines of white spots near outer margin,
each edged with black on the outer side, and in middle of fore wings
there is more or less orange outside the black. On hind wings there
is a bluish spot near inner angle on a brown ground, next this are three
orange spots diminishing in size, the last often obsolete, the largest has
a black patch between it and the margin, Inner angle, black, surmount-
ed by a red and black streak. In central cell of l)oth wings, are two
short white lines. Expands l.oO to 1,70. Habitat, Indian lliver, Flor-
ida.

340. TIIECLA CALAXUS Hub,
Banded Hair-streak,

Size, medium. Tails, two, outer, long ; inner, short. Smoky brown
above, Avith no markings excepting the usual oval sjjot of male, and a
black line above tails on hind wings. Beneath, much paler than above,
with a narrow marginal line of black on both wings, inside of which is
a black line, inside this a bank of black spots, white lined internally,
then a pale dusky band, edged with white. This band is broken into
spots on the hind wings, each of which is white-ringed, the lowermost
being bluish-ringed. In central cells are two lines, white on outer and
and inner sides. Spot on inner angle of land Avings, black, with an ob-
lique bluish line, at the end of which is a small spot of red, above this
are twu oblique lines of black, above the lower and upper is a bluish line

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NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

There is a large blue field between the black spot and the tail, next this
is a black dot, on which rests a red crescent, and beside this is another
smaller spot and crescent of the same color. Expands 1.12 to 1.43,
Habitat, Atlantic and Western States. Colorado, Texas, New Mexico,
Ontario and Quebec. Occurs in July in the north.

341. TIIECLA ONTARIO Edw.

Ontario IIair-stkeak.

Size, medium. There is one tail. Dusky brown above, oval sex
mark paler in color. On hind wings, near inner angle is a small, red-
dish, crescent-shaped spot, and beneath it arc two alternate lines of black
and white. Pale brorn beneath, fringed with lighter. On fore wings
are two dusky bands, marginal and sub-marginal, inside these is a short-
er, zigzag band of white, lined internally with black. On hind wings
are two bands, black and white and inside these near middle of wing are
two bands, the outer of which is black externally and white hiternally,
and on the inner the reverse is the case. At inner angle is a small black
spot above which is a longitudinal red line, next to the dot is a blue spot,
reaching to the tail, and above it are two lines of bluish, next to this is
black dot, and above it a white crescent, to which is joined a second.
Expands 1 . 10 to 1 . 15. Habitat, Ontario, New England, and New York.

342. THECLA STRIGOSA Harr.

White-bordered Hair-streak.

Size, medium. Tails, two, the inner twice as long as the outer.
Dark brown above, fringed with whitish, no markings on fure wings ex-
cepting oval sjtot. There is a black spot on inner angle of hind wings
that encloses a reddish dot (there are three in the female) and there is
a black line above the tails which are also black, white-edged. Reddish
broAvn, beneath, much paler than above, white fringed, and this is fol-
lowed on both wings by a dusky line. On fore wings is an indistinct
band of dusky, followed by a band of black crescents, white-lined inte-
riorly, resting on pale reddish spots externally. Within this, near apex
is a short, white and black lino, reacliing through the central cell, then
another black and wiiite lino reaching tu the lower branch of the middle
vein, followed by a white and black one, crossing wing to the lowermost
cell, and inside this is an interrupted band, also black and white, thus,
counting from the apex of the wing, there are five white and black lines,
the outermost of Avhich has the black on the outside, the rest on the in-
ner. Hind wings have also five black and white lines. The first has
the black outside and crosses the wing, the second reaches through

\

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

187

branches of middle vein, the next two reach the branches of the middle
vein. Tlie fifth crosses the wing while there is a s ixth, short line, reachr
ing from the lower margin of the wing to the middle vein. The first,
fifth, and sixth lines are bent upward on the lower border of the wing
at quite an acute angle. The spaces between the fifth and sixth lines
are reddish and some between the third and fourth are reddish, and
there is a line of dots outside the outermost line also reddish. Between
the tails is a black dot, below which is a line of brownish, then a blue
field and next it in the inner angle, is a black spot, on the upi)er portion
of which rests a white dot, and above this is a reddish, oblique line.
The female has two or three orange spots over the tails. Expands 1.10
to 1.2(1 Habitat, Atlantic States, Mississippi Valley, Montana, Colo-
rado, Ontario, and Quebec. Occurs in July.

343. THECLA ITYS Edw.

Itys Hair-streak.

Size, medium. One tail. Upper side, brown. Sex spot, oval.
Hind wings with an indistinct spot near inner angle, and the space be-
tween the tail and inner angle is white-edged. Tail, black, white-tipped.
Lower side, pale grayish brown. The fore wings have a sub-marginal
row of indistinct spots, and at end of cell there are a few round black
spots, white-edged. In middle of wing is a paL Vtowh streak. On
hind wings is a complete row of black dots on a white ground. On in-
ner angle a velvety black patch, above which is an indistinct orange
spot; surmounted by black. In the next interspace is a bluish spot with
black scales above it, then a small orange spot with black above and be-
low it. At end of cell is a row of black dots, white-ringed, with a brown
streak in the center of the wing. The female has a clear orange spot
near inner angle of hind wing above. Expands 1.30. Habitat, Arizona.

344. THECLA SPADIX Edw.
Tehaciiepi Hair-streak.

Allied to T. putnami. Dulj gray above, darkes tat base,with a
large chestnut patch on fore wings, and with no other markings. Paler
with no markings on fore wings, beneath. On hind wings there is a
very faint band near middle of wing, irregularly broken, and a faint spot
in central cell. The marginal band is very faint. The crescents on in-
ner angle are dull brown and enclose three patches of black and white
scales. Expands 1.00. Habitat, Southern California.

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NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

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TIIECLA NELSONI Bd.

Nelson's IIair-streak.

Size, small. One short tail. Yellowish brown above, without
markings, fringed with white. Beneath, on fore wings duller, there is
a sub-marginal white band, black edged interiorly. Hind wings, chest-
nut with the black and white band continued. Near inner angle are two
or three whitish crescents surmounted by faint orange spots. Expands
1.00. Habitat, Big Trees and Mcndicino, California.

345a. Thecla nelsoni exoleta H. Edw. Similar to the typi-
cal T. nelsoni, but paler with the marginal crescents very indistinct.
The central band on hind wings and the sub-marginal band on fore wings
are wanting.

Si^b. Thecla nelsoni muivii H. Edw. Smaller than the type
and darker Avith the fringes of the same color as the wings, not white.
The marginal crescents on hind wing are slate color.

34(1. TIIECLA ADENOSTOMATIS IT. Edw.
Gray IIair-strak.

Size, medium. Tails, two. Slaty brown above, unspotted. Slaty
gray beneath, faintly tinged with greenish on fore wings. There is an
unbroken wavy line crossing fore wing, white edged inwardly and with
dark slate outwardly, and six very faint sub-marginal patches of black.
Hind wings, dark slate at base somewhat mottled with white along low-
er margin. There is a white central band, edged inwardly with black
and white. Then there is a sub-marginal series of five or six crescents
black-edged inwardly, Avhitc-edged outwardly. Expands 1. 15 to 1.25.
Found in Northern and Southern California.

347. TIIECLA TACIT A II. Edw.
Mendicino Hair-streak.

Size, small. Tails, two, but small. Pale plumbeous above, a little
darker at outer margin, sex patch, and along veinings distinctly marked
with a darker shade. Near inner angle of hind wing is a small, faint
spot of ocherous. Lower side, paler, with a very faint sub-marginal
line of blackish crescents, and a central line of spots equally faint.
There is a black spot on the fringe at extreme point of inner angle of
hind wing followed by a patch of bluish scales, and a very pale yellowish
triangular spot, narrowly edged with black. All of the markings are
indistinct. Expands 1.00. Habitat, Mt. Shasta, California.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTKUFLIES.

130

t

348. TIIECLA TETRA Beiir.

Tetra Hair-streak.

Size, medium. One tail. Up[ier side, pale In-own, and there is an
orange spot near inner angle. Paler, l)eneath, both wings have a ccn*
tral row of whitish crescents. (Jn hind wing, in addition to this, is a
sub-marginal row of small black crescents, edged inwardly with a few
scales of whitish ; the one preceding the tail, rests on an orange patch,
and the second from the angle upon a faint blue patch. Expands 1.20.
Found in California.

34!).

TIIECLA CIIALCIS Beiir.

Chestnut Hair-streak.

Size, medium. One tail. Bright reddish brown above. Reddish
brown beneath, grayish next base. Both wings have a sub-marginal
row of very pale dots, the three next to the inner angle being the clear-
est, the first from angle surmounting a faint gray space. Across the
center of wing is a row of faint brown spots, indistinctly edged with
whitish. Expands 1.20. Found in California and Utah.

300. TIIECLA SAEPIUM Bd.
Sepia IIair-streak.

Reddish brown above, unspotted. Brown beneath, paler on outer
portion of wings, with a narrow, white wavy line crossing wings; outside
this, is a paler line, blending near inner angle of hind wing with a gray-
ish blue i)atch, which is preceded by a small black crescent. Expands
1.25. Found in California, Washington, Utah, Nevada, and Colorado.

350a. TiiECLA SAEPIUM FULVESCENS II. Edw. Smaller than typ-
ical T. saepium, and paler in color, being golden brown instead of chest-
nut, with fringes white. Fainter in color beneath, with markings less
prominent, and with the sub-marginal band always more distinctly edged
with white.

351. TIIECLA rUTNAMI II. Edw.

Putnam's Butterfly.

Size, medium. Tails, two. Pale yellowish brown above, darker
on upper margin and at base of both wings, with a series of four indis-
tinct black crescents, edged beneath with white. Spot at inner angle
orange, tinged with golden yellow. Grayish white beneath. Fore wings
with a black crescent in central cell, and six white-ringed black spots in
center of wing. Near inner angle are four Itiint black spots. Ilind
wings with a black crescent in central cell, and seven white-ringed black

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140

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

spots in center of wing. Spots on margin famt, that on inner angle is
dusky, fliintly edged with orange; the second and third are blackish, sur-
mounted with orange. Expands l.Oj to 1 .2;"). Found at Spring Lake
Utah.

352. TIIECLA SPINETORUxM Bd.

Orange IIair-streak.

Size, rather small. One tail. Reddish orange above, chestnut
beneath, both wings crossed by a white line. There is a very faint line
of spots on outer margin of hind wings, the first two from angle are dis-
tinct; of these the first is bordered with a few white scales, the second
is blue on an orange ground. The central band is a series of round
black spots, crossing both wings. Expands 1.10. Found on Mt. Shas-
ta, California.

Fijr. 40.

a b c d e

Illii3triitlng tho genus Thecla, lower side, hind wing; a, luiinuli; 1>, acadica: c, edwardeii;d,
calanus; e, strigosa.

353. TIIECLA AURETORUM Bd.

Golden IIair-streak.

Wings, (on both surfaces,) reddish brown ; on inner angle of hind
pair above is an indistinct crescent of orange. On hind wings beneath
is an obscure Avavy line, and on inner angle of hind pair a black crescent
and two spots of orange. Found in California.

354. TIIECLA SYLVINUS Bd.

Woodland IIair-streak.
Reddish brown above ; ashy beneath with a dot in center of wing
and a double line of black dots crossing wings. On inner angle of hind
pair is an ashy blue spot and next it a clear rufous crescent. Found
in California. Neither this species, nor the one preceding have been
identified by American collectors.

355. TIIECLA SIVA Edw.
Siva IIair-streak
Allied to T. smilacis, with two tails and a similar color above, but
the ground color is darker, being more chestnut. Grayish beneath,

NORTH AMERICAN RUTTERFLIES.

141

edwardsii: d,

washed witli i»ale metallic green most densely on upper margin and out-
er border I if fire wings. There is a pure wliiteline crossing Ixith wings
consisting < f nearly confluent spots, bent on liind wing muoli as in T.
smilacis. Tliere is a gray patch near inner angle of hind wing and above
it is a black spot on rusty ground. On either side of this and the next
patch is a black crescent. Spot on angle black. Expands l.OJ. Found
in Arizona.

noi\ THECLA CASTALIS Edw.

Texas IIair-stukak.

Similar to T. siva, differing in being paler, the band beneath is more
irregular, the spottings l»eing more separated, and there are two con-
spicuous white spots near the base of hind wings. Expands l.(X).
Found in Texas.

a57. TIIECLA SMILACIS Bi>Lec.
Green Hair-streak.

Size, rather small. Tails, tAvo. Bronzy yellow above, with both
wings bordered all around, excepting on lower margin, with brown. Be-
neath, green, with purplish reflections. Outer margins of both wings
lined with puridish brown, and a band of same color crosses both wings,
on outer thii'd : this line is white-edged ontwardly, is straight on fore
wings, but is bent outward in the middle of the hind wing, Fig. 41, b.
On hind whig, within central cell, is a short, purplish line, and another
above it, both white edged on the basal side. There is also a su]>mar-
ginal band of four small crescents, starting from upper margin. Ex-
pands, IXK) to 1.10. Habitat, Atlantic and Southern States, North-
western Texas, and Point Pelee, Ontario.

;J58. THECLA ACIS Duz.

Key West IIair-streak.

Size, small. Tails, two. Dark broAvn above, with a bright red spot
near inner angle of hind wing. Lead color beneath. A black, white-
edged line crosses both wings and there are traces of another line out-
side of this. Between base of the tails is an orange patch, then nearest
inner angle a patch of blue and black and at angle a spot of red and black.
Expands , 1 .00. Habitat, Key West.

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NORTH AMEKICAN 15LTTERFLIES.

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3o9. TIIECLA POEAS Dub.
IIei)-bandei) IIaiu-stueak.
Plato IX, 5.
Size, small. Tails, two. Pale brown above, glossed with bright
blue, especially on hind wings. Pale yellowish brown beneath, with
a bright orange vcrmillion band crossing both wings, ■white-edged on
the outside. This band is indented above the tails with a V shaped luitcli
of pale orange. At inner angle is a dot of black with a minute white
spot over it ; betmccn this dot and the base of the inner, lunger tail is
a bluish field, then a sub-marginal series of pale brown spots growing in-
distinct toward the upper margin of the wing, while below them is a
marginal line of white and black. Expands l.CX). Habitat, Southern
States, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana.

8G0. TIIECLA COLUMELLA Frb.
Modest Hair streak.

Size, small. There is one tail only. Grayish brown above, with
two black spots near inner angle of liind wing. Grayish beneath, with
lilac reffections ; both wings Avith a bar across end of central cell, outside
of which is a curved row of black spots, bordered with white outwardly,
and outside of this is a double row of white crescents, faintly defined on
fore wings, more distinct on hind pair, and there is a dusky shade be-
tween the two rows. At inner angle of hind wing is a black spot,
sprinkled with a little orange, then next it a blue ])atch, and 1)eyond tliis
an orange patch with black outside it. Expands l.OO. Found at Key
West, Florida ; Texas, and occasionally New York.

301. TIIECLA CLYTIE Edw.

Clytie IIair-streak.

Size, small. Tails, two. Above light blue, of the same shade as
inLycaenapseudargiolus with upper margin of fore wings, blackish; on
outer margin of hind wings is a black line preceded by a white one, and
on that near outer angle is an orange line. Near inner angle is a black
spot and at the angle is an orange spot. Grayish white beneath, dark-
est on outer margin ; both wings are edged with a fine red lino, and are
crossed a little beyond the middle by a row of elongated red spots, white-
edged, and on the inner margin of the hind wings takes the form of a
W. In central cell of fore wings is a red bar, and on hind wings a red
spot on upper margin, near base, and two smaller ones in a line with
it in the middle of basal ixirtion. On fore wings is a sub-marginal row
of pale crescents. On hind wings, between bases of tails, is a black

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTEUFUES.

U;J

triangle, upon a large orange spot, and at the angle is a black spot sur-
mounted by orange ; outer tail, white, inner, ])liu'k, fringed with white.
Expands .HO. Found at ^an Antonio, Texas, auvl in Arizona.

3G2. TIIECLA LEDA Edw.
Leda Butteufly.

Similar to T. clytic, but diftcrs in being violet blue above, theeilging
of the wings is brown, not red, and both tails are Ijlack. Expands .85.
Habitat, Arizona.

^)(::). 'illECLA INES Einv.
Ines Buttekfi.v.
Size, small. Tails, two, inner, long. Lavemlcr blue above, brown
on apex of fore wings. On hind wings, between bases of tailS; is a round
black spot. Tails, black. Yellowish brown beneath, somewhat cluud-
ed on hind wings. On fore wings is a sub-marginal row of pale l)rown
crescents. Within these is a nearly straight black line, white-edged
outwardly, and there is a straight black bar in middle of wing. The
hind wingshav e an irregular line across outer portion f jnuing a W near
the inner angle. There is a broAvn patch at the angle and a faint spot
between the base of the tails. Expands .80 to .8;").

3(54. TIIECLA AUGUSTUS Kiyby.
Brown Butterfly.

Size, small. Tails, absent. Brown above, female, with brownis
orange spot on inner angle of hind wing. Also brown beneath, over-
washed Avith greenish on apex of fore wings and with reddish on hind
pair. There is a sub-marginal line of black points on both wings, fol-
lomed by a black band which on hind wings is much bent, and inside
it on this wing the base is wholly brown, reddish tinted. Expands,
.85 to 1.10. Habitat, Northern America, Ontario, Quebec, and Eastern
States.

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3G5. THECLA IROIDES Bd.
Plain Streak.
Size, small. No tails. Upper side brown, unspotted. Lower side
also brown, reddish on hind wings, with a row of blackish dots on outer
portion. Expands 1.00. Found from British Columbia to Arizona.

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NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

360.

TIIECLA IRUS GoDT.

Pearly Butterfly.

Similar to T. augustus, but differs in havinj* more prominent teeth
to the hind wing, Fig. 41, c, and the dark line crossing wings is white
bordered on the outside, and the outer half of hind wing is over washed
Avith whitish. Expands 1.00 to 1.25. Habitat, Atlantic and Western
States. Occurs in May.

3G7. THECLA MOSSII, II. Edav.
Moss' Butterfly.

Differs from the type in having no teeth to hind wings, in being
brighter chestnut brown above, with fringes wholly white, not alternate-
ly wiiite and brown, and in being more reddish brown beneath. The
marginal spots are large, distinct, and bright ciiestnut brown, six in num-
ber, each surmounted by a small black crescent. Basal portion of the
hind wing dark brown. Habitat, Vancouver's Island.

308. TIIECLA IIENRICI Gr-Rob

Henry's Butterfly.

Sim'.lar +o T. iris but diliers in having the sex mark on forewinga
only twice as long as wide, not three times as in irus. The outer portion
of hind wing is rusty colored and the teeth are shorter and the first be-
yond the inner angle do not curve cutward. Expands .05 to 1.10.
Found in West Virginia.

300. TIIECLA NIPHON Hub.

Black and White Butterfly.

Similar to T. irus, but differs in having the line on fore wing bent
outward in the middle. On hind wing there is a band of rusty checkers
crossing outer portion in a brown field, and the basal portion of wing is
checkered with rusty, and crossed by a black line. Females are rusty
in middle < if wings above, leaving the border and base only brown. Ex-
pands l.tiO to l.L'5. Found in Atlantic and Western States, Colorado,
Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. Occurs in ^lay.

370. TIIECLA AFFINIS Edw.
Grekn II/ir-streak.
Size, small. No tails. Glossy reddish brown, with upper and out-
er margin of fore wings blackish, fringed with white. Beneath, uniform
bright green, excepting on lower border of fi)re wing, where it is pale
brownish gray. No spots on either surface. Expands about 1.00.
Found in Utah.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

145

371. TIIECLA BEIIRII Edw.

Coppery IIair-streak.

Size, small. Tails, two. Bright shining copperish yellow above,
broadly bordered with blackish on upper margin of fore wings, and nar-
rowly on outer border of both pairs. Slaty gray beneath, with the outer
margin, lined with black, that is succeeded, internally, by a white line.
On fore wings is a sub-marginal band of orange spots, edged internal-
ly with white in middle. There is a white band, black-edged inwardly.
On hind wings is a sub-marginal band of black arrow-shaped points, of
varying sizes, the sixth from upper angle being largest, the seventh is
nearest outer margin, and is surmounted by a large red spot, tliat is
edged by a black crescent. Beneath the eight black spot is a grayish
patch, and there is a black spot aL hnier angle. Crossing wing is an
irregular wavy white line, black-c '.ged inside. Expands l.UUto 1.25.
Found in California, Nevada, and Colorado.

372.

TIIECLxV FOTIS Str.

FoTis Butterfly.

Size and fonn of T. augustus, but differs from it in being grayish
slate on both surfaces, and there is a line of sub-marginal white spots
on under surface of hind wings. Found in Arizona.

373. THECLA ERYniON Bd.
Lined Butterfly.

Size of T. irus, and similar above, pale beneath, with a small cen-
tral patch on fore wings, and a wavy band of blackish arrow-shaped
white-edged spots. On hind wings is an overwashing of purplish, and
they are crossed by three black wavy lines, white-edged, the outer be-
ing composed of arrow-shaped spots. Found in California and Colora-
do.

374. THECLA DUMETORUM Bd.

Greenish IIair-streak.

Size, small. No tails. Greenish brown above, unspotted. Rusty
beneath, on fore wings, thiged with greenish. Greenish on hind wings,
with a row of black dots on outer p.irtion. Expands 1.00. Found in
California, Oregon, and Nevada.

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146

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

375. TIIECLA APAMA Edw.

Apama IIair-streak.

Size, small ; no tails. Above, blackish brown, fringed with ashy.
Yellowish brown on fore wings below, washed with golden green over
apex and uppermargin. There is a line of slender black marks, white-
edged on the outside, and brown-edged witliin, crossing from uppermar-
gin to middle of wing, and there is a similar row on hind wings, but the
spots are more separated, and the upper are crescent-shaped. At inner
angle the wing is white-edged over the black ring. Expands 1.10.
Found in Arizona.

37G.

TIIECLA SIIERIDANII Edw.
Sheridan's IIair-streak.
For description of this species see appendix.

377. TIIECLA FULIGINOSA Edw.

Sooty Hair-streak.
Size, medium. No tails. Ijlackish brown above, fringed with
lighter. Paler beneath, with a spot near center of fore wings and a double
row of rusty dots on outer portion of both wings, the outer of which on
fore wing is very indistinct. Expands 1.30. Found in California, and
Lake Tahue, Nevada.

'"S.

Oi

THECLA LAETA Ej>w.
Blue Hair-streak.
Size, small. Hind wings, square on outer margin and without tails.
Above, black, with the inner two-thirds of hhid wings, bright blue. ( In
female, this is confined to a central band on outer portion of fore wings.)
Pale blue beneath, dusky at base of wings, fringed outwardly with red-
dish, and there is a band of reddish spots crossing fore wing, and twn
rows of reildish spi its cross hind wings. Expands 1 .( )5 to 1 . 1 5. F ■) und
from Maine to West Virginia, and in Atlantic City. New Jer-ey, Onta-
rio, Quebec, and Arizona. Rare everywhere excepting Ariz.iua.

37y. THECLA TITUS Fab.

Copper Hair-streak.

Size, large. No tails. Yellowish brown above, sex mark, ashy.

Beneath a little paler, with a row of black dots crossing botii wings, light

ringed on hind pair. Tliere is a sul>marginal l)and of prominent coral

'•"d spots on hind wings, black-edged on outside and inside. At end of

111

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE VIII.

1. Debis portlaiulia. 2. Neonymphaeurytris. 3. Coeno-
nympha elko. 4 Erebia epipsodea. 5. Geirocheilus tritonia.
6. Hipparcliia ridingsii.

PLATE VIII,

i;

Coeno-
tritonia.

s

Nvrtli Amnrlcan ButtLrttli-i.

e. J. M.

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NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

147

central cell on both wings, are two black dots. Expands 1.1 r> to 1.40.
Found from New England to Arizona, and in Ontario, Quebec, and Old
Man's River, British America.

a c d b e f

Illustrating the trpnus Thecla, lower side, hind win^' ; ii, augustua ; b, smilacisi c, irus ; d, ni-
phon: e, titua; f, antennae of same.

GENUS LI.
FENISECA. RINGED BUTTERFLIES.
Size, medium. Colors orange, marked with dusky
above. Brown mottled beneath, ringed with white on hind
wings. Fore wings triangular; hind wings, ovaL Anten-
nae, a little longer than half the length of fore wing. Type
F. TARQUiNUs. ( Plate IX, 8. )

380. FENISECA TARQUINIUS.
Brown Mottled Butterfly.
Above pale reddish orange, with outer border of fore wing broadly
margined near upper and lower border, more narrowly in the middle,
and very narrowly on lower border with brown. Central cell, all but a
narrow strip on lower side, a dot near its end, one below this, and an
elongated line near base, dark brown. Base and upper border of hind
wing, a dot at end of central cell, and a sub-marginal row of spots also
brown. Lower side paler than above, rusty on outer and upper border
of fore wings, and on hind pair, with seven white-ringed reddish brown
spots on fore wing>i as in plate, and with numerous white ringed spots
of a more rusty hue on hind pair. Expands 1.15 to l.oO. Found in
Atlantic States. Rare in New England, Mississippi Valley, Ontario,
and Quebec.

GENUS LIL CHRYSOPIIANUS. COPPERS.
Size, 'small. Colors reddish or brownish, with either
one sex or both spotted on both surfaces with darker. Dif-
fers mainly from Thecla in the presence of the spottings,

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148

NORTH AMEllICAN BUTTERFLIES.

and in the n^ual absence oftails, these when present being
ver^ short. Type C. hypopiileas. ( Plate IX, 9.)

3S1. CIIRYSOPIIANUS AROTA Bd.

Tailed Copper,

Size, medium; one short tail. Sexes dissimilar. Above brownish
red, with outer border of both Avings brown. At end of central cellof
fore wing is a line uf brown. On hind wing near inner angle are two
black crescents orange-ringed above and white lined below. Tail, orange.
Fig. 52, a. Beneath, yellowish on fore wing, ashy on outer border and on
hind pair. There is a double sub-marginal row of white crescents on
fore wing, dusky lined on either side. Within these the wing is crossed
by three rows of black spots and the line at end of cell is repeated. On
hind wing are two zigzag sub-marginal bands of white, inside of which is
is a narrower one, dusky edged within. At end of cell are two lines,
and along upper border are three white-ringed black dots. The mark-
ings on inner angle are repeated but the crescent next angle is ashy.
Female differs in being pale yellowish red above, dusky bordered on out-
er margin of fore wing, Avith two rows of spots and the line at end of cell
all dusky; on hind wing there is a sub-marginal row of bhu'l: crescents
in an ashy border, all surmounted with orange; within tlds is a dusky
line, crossing wing, and a line at end of cell. Expands 1.10 to 1.20.
Found in California.

382. CIIRYSOPIIANUS VIRGINENSIS Edw.
Virginia's Copper.

Size rather large. Tail, present. Similar to C arota but differs
in larger size, and slightly indicated line at end of cell. Beneath, the
whole surface of b^jth wings is ashy, the sub-marginal line of crescents
being confluent on fore wnigs and the band wider on hind pair and the
spottings are larger and more distinct. The female differs from that of
arota in having the sub-marginal line of black crescents on hind wing
reduced to two or three narrow ones near inner angle, the places of the
remainder being occupied by orange crescents, and the spottings are
larger. Expands 1.25 to l.oO. Found in California, Nevada and Colo-
rado.

NORTH AMERICAN DUTTKRFLIES.

149

1.20.

383. CIIRYSOPIIANUS HERMES Euw.
Hermes Copper.

Size, small. Tail, present. Pale yellowish red above. Upper and
outer margin of fore wings brown. There is an irregular row of brown
spots crossing wing, one spot at end of cell and another within it. On
hind wings is a sub-marginal row of dusky spots, and a spot at end of
cell. Beneath, pale buff with outer margin grayish, spots on f jre wings
repeated. On hind wings the basal two-thirds is grayish, and a margi-
nal border is clouded with gray. Tiicre is a row of black spots crossing
wing; at end of cell a line, and along upper margin three dots and three
others at base. At inner angle is a black spot and near it are others of
dusky. Expands .DO. Found in California and Nevada.

384. CIIRYSOPIIANUS XANTIIOIDES Bd.

Slaty Copper.

Size, very large. Tail, very short. Fig. ;j1, b. Slaty blue with a
dusky line at end of cell on both wings, and a dusky dot in coll of fore
wing. There is a narrow black border to outer margin and the fringes
are white. There are four black spots on outer margin of hind wing,
that nearest inner angle a crescent, and large, the next, smaller, and tri-
angular, these two are surrounded Avith pale orange, tlie next two are
small. Beneath, pale buff, with a double row of dusky spots near out-
er margin, and a very irregular line within this, three in central coll of
fore wing, two in cell of hind pair, one spot below this on both wings, and
two in b;ise of hind pair. Tliere are two oblong crescents near inner
angle. Female yellowish red, dusky bordered, within wliich is a line of
triangular spots black, within this a dusky line running into dusky apex
on fore wings. There is a line of black spots crossing fore wings, and
of dusky on hind pair, one black at end of cell on fore wings, one in cell,
and one below it; at end of cell, on hind wings, is a dusky line, and the
base of both wings is dusky. Expands 1.40 to l.oO. Found in Cali-
fornia.

385. CHRYSOPIIANUS EDITIIIA Mead.
Edith's Copper.

• Size, medium. No tails. Similar above to C. xanthoidcs. Be-
low grayer, and there is a band of gray on the outer margin, cut by a
dusky line, which begins on the lower margins, and extends out on the
lower and second branch of the middle vein, thus leaving a white black-
pupiled spot on inner angle. At inner edge of this gray band the white

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150

NORTH AMERICAN IJUTTERFLIES.

edging is condensed into a continuous line of broad crescents ; other spots
as usual. Expands 1.25 to 1.30. Found at Lake Tahoe, Nevada.

386. CHRYSOPIIANUS GOllGON Bu.

Gorgon Copper.

Size, lar<^e. Tails, absent, but the inner angle of hind wings is pro-
duced into a point, Fig. 5 I.e. Ab )vc reddish brown with a purplish
tinge, both wings bordered with dusky and fringed with white, at end of
central cell on both wings is a dusky line. Yellowish ash beneath, with
a marginal line on both wings of dusky, within which is a double row
of small dusky spots, the inner row being crescent-shaped, and on hind
wings tinged with orange on the outside. Within this, is an irregular
roAV of black spots, also crossing both wings, a spot at end of central cell
on both wings, one in cell on fore wingF, and two on hind pair, with one
spot on lower border of fore wing, and lv,'o on hind pair, and two at base
on this wing. E.xpands 1.55. Found in California and Nevada.

387. CHRYSOPIIANUS TIIOE Bd-Lec.

Larue Copper.
Size, large. No tails, and the angle of hind wing is rounded. Dull
yellowish red above, with outer border of fore wings and basal three-
fourths of hind pair, ashy brown. On fore wing are three blaek spots
in central cell, one below it, and a row of spots crosses both wing. On
hind wing, are three spots in cell, the outer side by side, and a sub-mar-
ginal row, all black. Beneath, yellowish red, Avith the ashy paler, and
restricted on outer border of fore wing, to the upper portion, ami there
is a narrow border on hind pair. Spots above, repeated, but with ad-
ditions as follows, a double sub-marginal row on fore wing, a second sub-
marginal row on hind wing, and three spots on lower border, andf^ur
at base of this wing. Expands 1.50tol.()5. Found from New Eng-
land, ("where it is rare,) to Nebraska, Ohio, Kansas, Colorado. Ontario,
and Quebec.

388. CHRYSOPIIANUS DIONE, Scro.

DioNE Copper.
Similar to C. thoe, but differs in being brownish gray above, and
grayish white bcneaih; tlio spottings are also smaller. Found from
Iowa to Kansas and in Nebraska.

i NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

151

380. CimYSOniANITS MARIPOSA Reak.

Chocolate Copper.

Size, rather small. No tails, but the hind wings are i)ro(hicc(l in-
to an angle on inner side. Chocolate liruwn above, fringed uith ligiiter
and bordered, rather narroAviy, witii black. There are indications (jf a
paler crescent at inner angle. Ashy ])eneath, on hind wing, and on up-
per and outer border of fore pair ; remainder of fore wings pale buflF.
There is an outer double line of spots, dusky on hind whigs, and out-
wardly on fore pair, darker on inner; the spots in these lines are cres-
cent-shaped. The second row of spots are found on fore wings, and
separate, crescent-shaped, and nearly joined together on hind pair, while
the line is much curved. Fig. I'd, d. In central cell of fore wing, are
three spots, the one at end double, and one below; three in cell of hind
wings, and two above and two below. Female, reddish yellow, black
bordered, spotted as is the male below but with the markings enlarged.
Below, like male. Expands 1.20 to l.oO. Found in California, Colo-
rado, Montana, and Summet, British America.

390. CHRYSOPHANUS ZEROE Bd.

Orange-bordered Copper.

Size, small. Hind wing, angular. Reddish brown above, with a
bar at end of cell on both wings, and a minute dot in cell, and there are
a few minute dots on hind wing. Fringes lighter, then comes a nar-
row black border represented on hind wings by a row of hemispheres
on an orange field. Fig. 52, e. Pale buff beneath, tinged with pink on
basal portion of upper border of fore wing, and on outer third of both
pair, and with grayish on base of hind wing. There is a narrow mar-
ginal line of dusky, a sub-marginal row of three crescents on lower por-
tion of fore wing, a row of spots crossing fore wing ; represented on hind
pair by a row of minute dots, on side of which ai'e three or four other
dots ; there are three spots in central cell of fore wings and one below
it. Female below as in the male, but yellowish red above, heavily
marked as in allied species. Expands 1.25. Found in C difornia and
Colorado.

301. CHYSOPHANUS HELLOIDES Bd.

Spotted Pink Copper.

Similar to C. mariposa, but the hind wings above are darker, and
the male is spotted like the female, Fig. 53, a. Beneath, the pink tint-
ing extends over the entire surface of the hind wing, where the orange
zigzag line extends further toward the upper border, and the fore wing

!!f:

IMAGE EVALUATION
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152

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

is reddish yellow. Expands 1.25 to
Colorado.

302.

1.35. Found in California and

CriRYSOPIIANUS FLORUS Edw.
Florus Copper.
Size, medium. Brown above, with a purplish reflection : the outer
margin being bordered with dusky, which on hind wings is so broad as
reach nearly to the first line of spots which cross both wings zigzag.
There is a bar at end central cell on both wings ; fore wings have two
spots in cell, and one below hind pair, one in cell, connected by long lines
which cross the basal portion. At inner angle is a small orange patch.
Yellowish brown beneath, lighter at apex. Black spottings repeated,
but enlarged, and in addition is an imperfect row, corresponding in po-
sition to the inner edge of the black border on the upper side. Hind
wings, light brown, the spots repeated in dots and marks, and there is
a sub-marginal series of red spots from inner angle to middle of wing.
Female, dark brown with some yellow niottlings on middle of fore wings
and at end of cell, spotted as usual. Expands 1.30 to 1.35. Found at
Garrett's Ranch, British America.

a b c d e

niuBlrating the genua Chrysophanus, upper side, hind wing ; a, arota; b, xantholdes: c, gor-
gon : d, marlposa; e, zeroe : f, antennae of same.

393. CHRYSOPHANUS DORCAS Kirby.

Dorcab' Butterfly.

Similar to C. epixanthe, but differs in having the hind wings more
pointed at inner angle and an orange tinting along upper border of fore
wing. Expands 1.00. Found in Kodiac, Alaska; British America, and
Southern Labrador.

394. CRYSOPHANUS EPIXANTHE Bd-Lec.

Brown Copper.

Size, small ; no tails. Hind wings, angular, but not pointed. Brown

above, with strong violet reflections. There is a bar at end of cell on

fore wing, a spot in cell, and one below it ; on hind pair, a bar at end of

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

153

cell, sometimes a spot within it and two spots between the cell anrl out-
er margin. In the female there is a row of spots crossing both Avings
and this row is sometimes seen in the male, the two spots described form-
ing part of it. There is a orange line at inner angle, enclosing two dark
spots. Beneath, pale yellowish orange tinged on outer border all around
with reddish, with spottings seen in female repeated in both sexes, with
an extra spot in central cell of fore wing, and three dusky crescents on
lower side of outer border ; there is a row of red crescents on outer bor-
der of hind wings, the spots are represented by mere dots and there are
two or three extra ones along upper border. Expands .85 to l.fK).
Found in New England, Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario, British Amer-
ica, Kansas, and Ogden City, Utah.

395. CHRYSOPIIANUS IIYPOFHLEAS Bp.

American Copper
Plate IX, 8.

Size, small. Bright coppery red above on fore wings, dusky bor-
dered on all but lower side. There is a row of black spots within the
border one at end of cell, and one in it. Hind wings dusky with i; nar-
row line at end of cell, and an elongated sub-marginal patch of coppery
red, with aline of spots along outer side, and within this borderiu the
dusky area is usually a row of dots. Beneath, paler on fore wing, spots
repeated, whitish-ringed, the dusky border is replaced by ashy, and the
hind wings are ashy, spotted as in Plate IX, 8. Expands 1.00 to 1.30.
Found in Northern, Middle, and Western States, California, Nova Sco-
tia, Ontario, Quebec and British America to the Pacific. Occurs from
May until October.

385a. Chrysophanes hypopiileas fasciata Str. is much dark-
er with the outer row of spots so greatly enlarged as to reach the spot
at end of central cell and in some cases they are fused into a wide band.
Fig. 53, b. Found in Eastern Massachusetts, occurring at tlie same
time as the type form, but is rather more abundant in the autumn*

395b. Chrysophanes hypophleas adrienne, is as pale as the
type but has the spots on the upper portion of fore wing reduced to the
two cellular, there not being a trace on outer border. Found in Eastern
Massa'chusetts.

395c. Chrysophanes hypopaleas feildeni McLachl. diifers
from the type in being more brassy above, the spots arc smaller, and
the dark border is narrower and grayer, as is also the dark of hind wings.
The sub-marginal band is pale orange : also paler beneath. Found in
Arctic America.

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154

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

396.

CHRYSOPHANUS CUPREUS Edw.

FiREY Copper.

Size, small. Hind wings, rounded as in the type, C. hj'pophelas.
Above bright reddish orange •with a narrow border of black. There is
an outer row of spots faintly indicated by small dots and lines, a spot
at end of cell in both wings and a spot in cell of fore pair. Female with
spots larger. Much paler beneath, with the hind wings sprinkled with
grayish. Spots repeated and white-ringed, there are two extra rows at
base of fore pair and a sub-marginal row crossing both wings. Expands
1.30. Found in Shasta, California, and Oregon.

307. CHRYSOPHANUS SNOWI Edw. •
Snow's Copper.
Size, small; no tails. Coppery red above; outer margin broadly
dusky bordered and upper margin of fore wings more narrowly. There
is common line of black dots, and outside this on hind wings is an in-
distinct line ; there is a long bar at end of central cell and a small dot
in cell. Reddish brown beneath, on center of fore wing ; the spots are
repeated, a little larger, and there is an extra row of small sub-margin-
al spots. At end of cell are two round spots. Hind wings gray, tinged
with reddish; a sub-marginal line of black spots, the one next to inner
angle largest, and nearly covered with orange ; the next two a little
dusted with orange, and below each of these is a black point. Spot at
end of cell repeated, and there are three spots in cell, and one on upper
margin. Female paler and more yellowish below. Expands 1.20.
Found in Colorado.

398. HARYSOPHANUS RUBIDUS Behr.
Behr's Copper.

Size, large. Above bright coppery red, strongly tinged with violet.
Fringed with white and bordered with a narrow line of black, then by
a line of paler red than that of the surface. On fore wings are faintly
indicated spots which show clearly below. Hind wings unspotted on
both surfaces. Beneath, pale buflF, with fore wings spotted as in the
Fig. 53, c. Expands from 1.10 to 1.20. Found in Oregon, Nevada,
and Montana.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

155

399 CIIRYSOPIIANUS SIRIUS Edw.
SiRius Copper.
Similar in general coloration to C. rubidus, but diflfcrs in being very
much more strongly tinged with violaceous above, all of the surface, ex-
cepting borders and veins, being covered, and in having a row of dots
on hind wing below, one in cell, and one below this. The female diifers
from that of rubidus in being brown a1)ove, with sub-marginal band of
orange. Expands l.DO. Found from Montana to Arizona, and at Fort
Mcleod, British America.

GEIilUS LIII. LYCAENA. BLUES.
Size, small. Often blue above. Avitli or without spots,
but fre(iuently spotted beneath. Hind wings, occasionally
tailed. The difference between this and the two preced-
ing genera is very slight, and the three could, without gieat
impropriety, constitute one genus. Type L. pseud arc iolus.
( Plate X,l)

400. LYCAENA HETERONEA Bd.
Varied Blue.
Size, large. Sexes, dissimilar. Above bright blue, white-fringed
and black-bordered. There is an indication of a row of dusky spots cross-
ing both wings, and within this the surface is tinged with violet. Be-
death, pale buif, with a double row of spots, crescent-shaped outwardly
on fore wings, and this line is paler on hind pair. There is aline at end
of central cell on both wings, a spot in cell, ( two on fore pair, ) and one
below it. Female, brown above, with spottings seen below repeated, ex-
cepting some of basal. Expands 1.40. Found in California, Utah,
Nevada, and Colorado.

401. LYCAENA LYCEA Edw.
Purplish Blue.
Size, medium. No tails. Sexes, not very dissimilar. Purplish
blue above with a broad dusky margin on outer border to both wings.
Grayish white beneath, with both wings havhig a row of brown dots ;
a second row of eight white-ringed black spots. There is a large spot
at end of cell on fore wing, one fainter at end of cell on hind pair, one
above it, and one on lower Ijorder. Female differs in being dusky above
excepting basally, and in having the spottings indicated. Expands
1.20. Found in Colorado, Nevada, Montana, Arizona, and New Mexico.

a

156

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERHJES.

402. LYCAENA DAEDALUS Beh: .

Metallic Blur.

Size, large; sexes, slightly diflferent. No tails. Purplish blue
above, with a metallic luster. Upper margin of fore wings next base,
silvery blue, and along the inner margin of hind pair, wliere the surface
is mostly covered with long hairs. Outer margin of fore wings, black
edged ; on hind pair there is a black line, inside which is a black band.
On middle of outer margin is a pair of black spots and sometimes there
is one on inner angle. There is a bar at end of cell on fore wing ; white
beneath, bluish at base of hind wings. Both pair are edged by a pale
brown line, and crossed by two lines of black spots. Female differs in
being rusty above, central surface obscured with dusky, brownish be-
neath. Expands l.oO. Found In Southern California.

403. LYCAENA SAEPIOLUS Bd.

Greenish Blue.

Size, small. No tails ; sexes not greatly dissimilar. Greenish blue
above, with a line at end of central cell, black-bordered and white-fringed.
Beneath, gray, spotted as in L. daedalus. Female differs in being dark
brown above. Expands 1.12. Found in California, Nevada, Colorado,
Montana, and British America.

404. LYCAENA ICAROIDES Bd.

California Blue.

Large size. No tails ; sexes not greatly dissimilar. Violet blue
above, narrowly brown-margined outwardly; white-fringed. Nearly
white beneath ; a line of six spots on fore wings, and a double line in hind
pair, outer, paler ; a spo at end of each central cell; on hind wings all
spots are white-ringed. Expands 1.50. Found in the mountains of
California.

oOoa. Lycaena icaroides mayicopa Beak, is similar to type
but differs in being browner above, and darker below, with spottings
larger, and the size smaller. Expands 1.25 to 1.35. Found in California.

405. LYCAENA AMICA Edw.
Arctic Blue.
Size, small. No tails; silvery blue above, brown-bordered and
white-fringed ; line at end of central cell on fore wings. Glossy grayish
white beneath. There is a line of minute spots on both wings, six on
fore, and five on hind pair. Spot at end of cell repeated on fore wing,
and two spots on up]ier margin of hind pair, one in middle and one at

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

ir,7

base, and a sub-marginal line of faint dots, and another of brown cres-
cents. Expands 1.10. Found at Mackenzie River, Britisli America.

400. LYCAENA FULLA Edav.

Northern Pacific Blue.

Size, large. Purplish above, dusky-bordered, and white-fringed ;
■white beneath, tinged with grayish brown. There is a blackish bar at
end of central cell of fore wing ; a sub-marginal band of faint dusky spots
on both wings ; ( with traces of crescents ) within this is a series of black
spots, six, large on fore wings, smaller on hind pair. There is a dark
spot near inner angle, much back of the line. Female, pale brown, a
little bluish at base. More deeply tinted with brown than in the male.
Expands 1.50. Found in California, Washington, and Vancouver's Is-
land.

407. LYCAENA PEMBINA.
Slave Lake Blue.
Similar to L. amicus, but differs in being bluer above, in having
eight dots on hind wings below, and a spot in cell, and is smaller Ex-
pands .85 to 1.00. Found at Slave Lake, British America.

403. LYCAENA PHERES Bd.

Pheres Blue.

Violet blue above, white-fringed and narrowly black-bordered.
Very pale gray beneath ; six black spots cross fore wing, and there is
one at end cell ; on hind pair are two lines of white spots, also a bright
spot at end of cell, and one near base, none of the spots are pupiled.
Expands 1.25. Found from California to British Columbia, and in
Nevada, and Colorado.

408a. Lycaena pheres evius, Bd. Differs from the type in be-
ing rather darker and the white spots on hind wing below are black-pu-
piled.

409. LYCAENA PHELEROS Bd.

Dull Blue.

Size, small. No tails. Dull purplish blue above, dusky-bordered
and white-fringed ; brownish gray beneath, bluish at base of fore wings.
There is a common sub-marginal line of small black crescents, and an
inner line of black spots, minute and white-ringed on hind pair. There
is a dot on upper margin, another in cell, and at end of cell is a narrow
line ; on fore pair a larger spot. Expands 1.10. Found in California,
Utah, Nevada, and Colorado.

158

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

410. LYCAENA ARDEA Edw.

Heron Blue.

Size, small ; no tails. V iolet blue above, dusky-bordered on fore
wings and black-lined on hind pair ; -white-fringed. Yellowish white
beneath, bluish at base of hind wings. On fore wings is an imperfect
line of four white-ringed black spots and a sub-marginal Ihie of faint
brown crescents. At end of cell is a black spot ; a white patch at end
of cell on hind pair, and the spottings are faintly indicated. Expands
.95. Found in Nevada.

411. LYCAENA KODIAK Edw.

KoDiAK Blue.

Medium size; no tails. Dull violet blue above, white-fringed and
narrowly dusky bordered. Yellowish white beneath ; there is a white-
edged dusky bar at end of central cell on both wings, a common line of
dusky spots, and a sub-marginal line of fainter spots ; on hind pair a si3ot
on cell and one on upper border. Female, dusky above, blue at base.
Expands 1.25 to 1.30. Found at Kodiac, Alaska.

412. LYCAENA XERXES Bd.

Xerxes Blue.

Medium size ; no tails. Blue above, (female grayish brown) white-
fringed, paler beneath ; a white spot at end of each central cell and a
wavy sub-marginal line of white spots. All spots are pupilless. Ex-
pands 1.12. Was formally found in San Francisco, California, but
supposed to be extinct.

413. LYCAENA ANTIACIS Bd.

Occelated Blue.

Size, rather small ; no tails. Violet blue above, with a slender black
margin, white-fringed. Ashy gray beneath, with a line of black points,
broadly white-ringed; there is a crescent at end of cell and two dots in
it, all white ringed. Female blackish above. Expands 1.10. Found
in California, Nevada, and Arizona.

413a. Lycaena ANTIACIS BEHRii Edw. Glossy lilac blue above,
silvery on upper margin of fore wings. Uniform bluish gray beneath;
edge of outer margin dark brown, white-lined. On fore wings is a bar
at end of cell, outside which is a row of six black spots broadly white-
ringed. On hind wings is a small white spot on upper margin, a bar at
end of cell, and a double row of small round spots, white-ringed, and
three spots near lower margin.

M

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

lot)

413b. Lycaena antiacis orcus Edw. is purplish blue with spots
very pale, and yellowish gray beneath. Found in California.

414. LYCAENA COUPERII Grout.
Couper's Blue.
Rather pale blue above, white-fringed and narrowly bordered,
(broadly in female, and with a line at end of each central cell ). Dusky
gray beneath ; a common line of black white-ringed spots, one spot at
end of cell, on fore wing, one on upper border of hind pair, and one, with-
out pupil, at end of cell. Fig. o4, e. Expands 1.25. Found in Anti-
costi, Southern Labrador, and Newfoundland.

415. LYCAENA LYGDAMAS Doubl.
Silvery Blue.
Medium size. Beautiful silvery blue above, gray-fringed and nar-
rowly black-margined. Gray beneath with black bars at end of cells
and a common sub-marginal row of large black spots, two spots at base
of hind wings, and one a|t base of fore pair ; all spots white-ringed. Ex-
pands 1.10 to 1.25. Found in Michigan, and from V^isconsin to Geor-
gia, also in West Virginia.

41G. LYCAENA SAGITTIGERA Feld.
Arrow-head Blue.
Medium size. Dark blue above, white-fringed, and widely black-
bordered. ( female more so, and with some faint orange crescents above
border at inner angle of hind wings. ) Dusky beneath ; a common line
of black crescents, and a line of round spots inside them; the space be-
tween the lines being bluish and arrow-shaped on hind pair. Fig. 54, b.
Patch in central cells, bluish, with a spot at end of cell on fore pair and
two dots, side by side ; one on hind pair and one above, bluish ringed.
Expands 1.10 to 1.15. Found in California, Nevada, and Colorado.

417. LYCAENA SPECIOSA IL Edw.
Beautiful Blue.
Size, very small ; no tails. Pale silvery blue above, black-margined
and broadly white-fringed, black at end of veins. Pale silvery gray be-
neath, with a minute dot on upper margin on fore wings, and a series of
six sub-marginal spots. There ia a small bar at end of cell, and a dot

lii

160

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

on lower margin. On hind wings are, a basal dot, a minute point at end
of cell, and a sub-marginjil line of seven small spots ; all spots black
without white edges. Female dull snKjky above, with the wliite fringe
alternated with black, beneath there are some brownish overwashings
the lower margin of fore wing is bordered with blackish, and the spots
Expands .70. Found in Southern California.

are large.

418.

LYCAENA SONORENSIS Feld.
Queen Blue.

Size, small. Blue above, black-bordered, a little more widely at
apex of fore wings. Fringes white, interrupted by black. Three black
spots on fore wings beyond central cell, and below them a bright scarlet
patch, inside which is a black dot ; a bar at end of cell. On hind wings
are three dots. Beneath, brown with a row of bluish-ringed black spots ;
a bar at end of both central cells, and one above it on hind pair. The
scarlet spot is divided. Female has the black spots larger and there is
a second scarlet patch on hind wings. Expands 1.10. Found at Los
Angelos and San Bernardo, California.

419. LYCAENA PODARCE Feld.
Gray Blue.

Medium size ; no tails. Bluish gray above, white-fringed and dus-
ky-bordered ; a light space in middle of both wings and a pale-ringed
crescent at the end of the central cells. On outer border of hind wings,
is a row of white-ringed black spots, Fig. 54, c. Very pale beneath,
dusky on basal half of both wings. There is a faintly indicated sub-
marginal band of white-ringed dots, a central row of dots, one at end of
each cell, two dots in cell of fore wings, in a white space, side by side,
one in cell of hind pair, and one above and one below it, these last four
white-ridged. Female brown above. Expands 1.15. Found in Cali-
fornia and Nevada.

420. LYCAENA AQUILO Bd.
Arctic Blue.

Similar to L. podarce, but differs in being smaller, and darker be-
low, where the spottings are clearer. Expands 1.00. Found in Labra-
dor and Arctic America.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

161

421. LYCAENA RUSTICA.
Rustic Blue.

Similar to L. podarce. but bluer above, with the marginal band of
spots on hind wings above wanting ; less ashy beneath, with the two spots
in central cell of hind wings absent. Expands 1.15. Habitat, Colora-
do and British America.

422. LYCAENA ENOPTES Bd.
Dotted Blue.

Violet blue above, rather widely black-bordered, black-and-white-
fringed on fore wings, white on hind pair. Beneath, ashy white, with
a great number of black pale-ringed spots. On hind wings the two out-
er lines of dots are separated by a series of five yellow crescents. Found
in California, Washington, and Arizona.

423. LYCAENA ANNETTA Mead.
Annett's Blue.
Blue above, white-fringed, silvery on upper margin of fore wings
near base. Pale bluish white beneath. On both Avings is a marginal
series of small dusky spots, preceded by crescents, behind which on huid
wings is some yellowish, and a little on fore wings. On hind wings are
three or four spots near inner angle, which are covered by pale blue
metallic scales ; there is a dusky bar at end of each central cell. Fe-
male, brownish above, and yellowish beneath. Expands 1.05 to 1.25.
Habitat, Utah.

424. LYCAENA ANNA Edw.
Anna's Blue.
Violet blue above, white-fringed. Whitish beneath, blue-tinted,
most strongly at base, there is a very narrow black marginal line, a sub-
marginal series of dots, followed closely by a line of small crescents, and
the space between them is pale orange.. There is a central band of dots,
a bar at end of each cell, a spot within cell on hind wing, and two above
it. Female, brown, with a marginal line of spots, which are partly en-
closed by a series of pale orange crescents. Expands 1.15 to 1.25.
Found from California to Colorado, also in Oregon, Montana, and at
Belly River, British America.

102

NORTH AMERTCAX HUTTERFT.IE?

42.J. LYCAENA PSEUDAllGIOLUS.

Common Blue.

Tlate X, 2.

Blue above with violet reflections ; fore wings narrewly edged with
black. Beneath, bluish white ; tliere is a marguial scries of pale dusky
dots and crescents, a common band of black dots, a faint li"" at end of
each central cell, a spot in cell of hind wings, and a spot above and be-
low this ; spots white-ringed. Female, with fore wings broadly b(jrdered
with black, which is widest at apex, and there is a marginal series of
black dots on hind pair. Expands .00 to 1 .2.'). Habitat, Alaska ; Brit
ish America to Quebec, Anticosta, New England to Georgia.

Lucia Kirby, is a winter foi-m, appearing in Massachusetts the
last of April, in which the spots below are enlarged, and those on mar-
gin and middle are run together to a greater or less extent, Fig. 54, d.

Maroinata Edw., another winter form, appearing with lucia, and
in which the spots of the margin of hind wing only are fused together.
Found in Ontario, and from Quebec to Long Island and in CoLjrddo.

Violacea Edw., also a winter form, has the spottings below quite
distinct and prominent, never fused, and the color above is deep. Has
the same range as the type and is also found in Pennsylvania and West
Virginia.

Nigra Edw., is a dimorphic form, colored below as in violacea, but
black above. Found in West Virginia and Colorado.

Neglecta, is a summer form very pale above, with the hind wings
noticeably paler than the fore pair and the spottings below are very small.
Found in Ontario, Quebec, and from New England to West Virginia,
and in Montana and Nevada.

425a. Lycaena pseudargiolus cinerea Edw., is very small, ashy
below, where the spottings are inconspicuous. Expands S)0 to 1.00.
Found in Arizona.

425b. Lycaena pseudargiolus arizonensis Edw. Deeper blue
above than in the type and a little more asii, below ; female, brownish
above. Found in Arizona. Expands L25.

425c. Lycaena pseudargiolus piasus Bd., is a Pacific form, very
bright violaceous above, ashy beneath, with the spottings very minute
and pale. Expands 1.10. Habitat, California.

425d. Lycaena pseudargiolus echo Edw., somewhat resembles
the Eastern form neglecta being very pale on both surfaces. Found in
California and Arizona.

NORTH AMERICAN BrTTERFLIES.

1G3

Wings

420. LYCAENA SCUDDERII Edw.

' Scudder's Blue.

Similar to L. battoidcs but differs in having vliitc fringes above.
(Female brown above witli a sub-marginal series of yelluw crescents on
hind wings. ) Gray beneath, not yellowish, there is no spot in central
cell of fore wing, and the sub-marginal series of crescents on hind pair
areedged inwardly with silver. Expands 1.12. Found in New York,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Ontario, and Lake Lahaehe, British Columbia.

427. LYCAENA AFRA Edw.

Saskn Blue.

Size, small ; no tails. Deep blue above, dusky-margined, very broad
on fore wings ; yellow-fringed. There is a black streak at end of cen-
tral cell. Grayish below, with a common central line of minute black
spots, each white-edged. Streaks at end c f cell repeated, but slighter,
and white-edgea. Expands .90. Found at bu^ in, British America.

428. LYCAENA LOTIS Llmtn.

LoTis Blue

oize,small; no tails. "Violet blue above, blaclr-bordered and white-
fiihgcJ. Gray beneath, spoHed as in L. scudilen, diffnrs in having the
black marginal spots on the hinu wings covered with greenish metallic
scales, not bluish, and outside these is a series of orange cresents, in-
clined to be arrow-shaped. Tiie female is uniformly brown above Ex-
pands L2o to L30. Found in Mendicinu, California.

429. LYCAENA ASTER Edw

Aster Blue.

Size, medium. No tails. Purplish blue above, silvery on upper
margin of fore wings, black-bordered and white-fringed. On hind wings
is a marginal line of white points. White beneath on fore wings, dusky-
bordered* There is a sub-marginal line of round black spots, a central
line of black dots crossing both wings. On hind wings are sub-margin-
al metallic spots, each surrounded with orange, and above these are black
crescents. There is a bar at end of each central cell, broadest on fore
•wings 4 a dot in cell on hind wings, and one below it. Female, dusky
above with spots larger ; yellowish below, with spottings heavier. Ex-
pands LOO to LIO. Habitat, Newfoundland.

ill

In ■■

164

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

111

1

m

430. LYOAENA GLAUCON Edw.
Colorado Blue.
Size, small. Purplish blue, of the same shade as L. comyntas, black-
ish-bordered, which is of equal width on fore wings, wider on hind pair,
where there is a ser?' 3 of crescents, of these, two at inner angle are some-
what orange. Grayish brown beneath, tinted with blue at base of hind
wings. There is a double row of marginal brown spots, the outer cres-
cent-shape, and indistinct on fore wings, but larger on hind pair, while
the space between tde two lines is orange. There is a bent bar at end
of cell, two spots between cell and upper margin, a third near base, and
one below cell. Female, brown above with a marginal row of brown
spots partly enclosed with orange. Expands .95.

Fig. r,

\

a b c ti e f

Illustrating the genus Chrysophanus ; a, upper side, hind wing, hclloides; h, upper side, fore
wing, fasciata; c, adrieune : c, same cpixanthe : f, antunnae of same ; d, lower Bide, nibiduB.

431. LYCAENA BATTOIDES Behr.

Beiir's Blue.

Size, small. Dark violet blue above, dusky-margined and smoky-
fringed. Yellowish gray beneath, v.ith a bar at end on each cell with
a central and sub-marginal lino of spots, the latter having each spot sur-
mounted by a crescent, and the space between the spot and crescent is
yellowish and there is a spot in cell of fore wing. Expands 1.00. Hab-
tat, California, Nevada, and Colorado.

432. LYCAENA SHASTA Edw.
Shasta Blue.

Size, small. Violet blue above, tinged with pinkish, broadly dusky-
margined and brown-fringed. There is a broad spot at end of each cell ;
and two or three dusky spots near inner angle of hind wings, the second
surmounted by a pale 3'ellow crescent. Grayish white beneath, spots at
end of cells repeated, and there is one dusky spot in cell on fore wing,
and three in that on hind pair. Central line of spots dusky, and there
is a fainter sub-marginal line on fore wing, each spot surmounted by a
faint crescent. On hind wings is a bordering line of small metallic blue
spots, each of which is surmounted by a dusky crescent. Female brown
above, with an extra line of j'ellow crescents on inner angle of hind wings.

aJL

'

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

1(35

\

Expands l.CO. Found from California to Oregon, also in Utah, Neva-
<ia, Montana, and Kansas.

433. LYCAENA MELISSA Edw.

YeLLOW-S'^ ITTED BlUE.

Violet blue above, bordered by a black line and white-fringed. Pale
gray beneath, bordered as above; there is a sub-marginal line of bluish
spots, within this a line of orange spots, dusky-edged inwardly, then a
line of black spots ; a bar at end of each central cell, one in cell on hind
wings, and one above and one below it. Female brown above, with a
marginal series of black spots, within which is a series of orange cres-
cents, partly enclosing spots. Expands 1.20 ts 1.25. Found in Arizo-
na, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Montana, and Kansas.

434. LYCAENA ACxMON Doubl-Hewt.
AcMON Blue.

Violet blue above, edged with a black line ; on hind wings is a row
of black sub-marginal spots, succeeded inwardly by a narrow band of
orange. Fringe, white ; female brown above, with the orange sub-mar-
ginal band. Pale blue beneath, with a sub-marginal band of dots, each
surmounted by a small inwardly black-edged crescent ; there is a central
line of dots, a bar at end of central cells, one in cell on hind pair, and
one above it, and one on upper border, near middle. Expands .75 to 1.00.
Found from California to Washington, and from Arizona to Montana.

435. LYCAENA COMYNTAS Golt.
Tailed Blue.
Size, small; one tail on hind wings. Deep blue above, with violet
reflections, dusky bordered, (female wholly dusky) the border being of
about equal width on both wings. There is a marginal series of black
dots the two first, near tail, being surmounted by an orange crescent,
Fig. 54, a. Whitish beneath, margined with a double black line, then
a line of black dots followed by a line of crescents, then a central line
of spots, a line at end of each cell, a spot in cell of hind wing, and one
above, and below it ; all spots are pale and white-ringed. The spots and
orange crescents on inner angle are repeated, but the former are black,
and are ringed with metallic gold. Expands 1.00 to 1.20. Found,
from the Atlantic States to the Rocky Mountains, and in Colorado.

166

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

'i;

fir

f

i

11-'

4;]0, LYCAENA AMYNTULA Bd.

Western Tailed Blue.
Quite similar to L. co mvntas in form and general markings, but
diifcrs in having the border in fore wings above -wider at apex than else-
where. Beneath, there is only one of the spots on inner angle gold en-
circled. Expands 1.2r> to l.oO. Found in California, Washington, Ari-
zona, Nevada, and at Calgarry, British Columbia.

487. LYCAENA MONICA Beak.

Purplish Blue.

Tails, present. Purplish above, blue at base ; at inner angle sre
two black dots in a white field, but with no orange. Beneath, similar
to L. comyntas, with the orange crescent at inner angle of hind wings,
but the black dots are without golden rings. Expands 1.25. Found
in Southern California and Arizona.

437. LYCAENA ALCE Edw.

Blackish Blue.

Brownish black above, glossed with violet blue, with the bordering
line, broadest at apex of fore wmg. There is a black dot at inner angle
of hind wing; beneath dark ashy, spotted much as in L. comyntas, but
the central line is larger. There is a yellowish crescent over the third
black spot on inner angle of hind wing, and the first and third spots are
surrounded with golden green atoms. Expands .88. Habitat, Colora-
do, New Mexico, Arizona, and Kansas.

439. LYCAENA GYAS Edw.

Pale Violet Blue.

Pale violet blue above, unspotted, excepting a dusky dot at inner
angle; pale brown below. There is a common row of pale spots and on
fore wings a trace of crescents ; there are faint lines at end of each cell ;
there is a spot in cell of hind wings, and two others above this. The
marginal row of spots on hind wings indistinct, excepting first two, which
are black. Expands .Jio. Habitat, Arizona.

440. LYCAENA CYNA Edw.

Texas Blue.
Purplsh blue above, broadly dusky-bordered on fore wings, more
narrowly on hind wings ; at end of central cell is a faint streak. Pale
yellowish brown beneath, slightly washed with white. On both wings

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

167

is a marginal series of buiF spots, preceded by a wavy line of the same
color, all on white ground. There is a central row of brown spots, on
fore wings, eight and large; on hind wings, seven and small ; a bar at
end of each central cell. Expands .00.

441. LYCAENA FILENUS Poey.
Southern Blue.

Size, small ; tails, present. Violet blue above, of the same shade
as L. comyntas, narrowly black-bordered, and with a black dot on outer
margin of hind Aving, not far from inner angle. Beneath ashy, white-
fringed ; there is a double scries of marginal crescents bluish white, then
a central row of dusky spots, bluish white-encircled ; a dusky white-edged
crescent at end of each central cell and four white-ringed black spots
near base of hind wing, the three upper larger and very dark. The
spot seen above near inner angle of hind wing is black, orange-ringed
and sprinkled with green metallic atoms on the outer edge, Fig. i'li, b.
Female, brown above, tinged with bluish. Expands .75 to .95. Habi-
tat, Gulf States.

442. LYCAENA AMMON.
Florida Blue.

Similar above to L. filenus, but the white fringe is cut by the black
veins. Beneath, also similar to filenus, but diftcrs in having the space
between the outer and middle bands of spots white, broadest on hind
wings, and there are two black spots near inner angle of hind wings both
ringed with metallic blue scales and the one nearest the angle is sur-
mounted with an orange crescent. Female differs in having a border
of black on upper and outer border of both wings, and a marginal scries
of blue crescents on hind wings : tlicrc are two black spots near inner
angle, the second surmounted by an orange crescent. Expands 1.05.
Habitat, Cuba and South-eastern and Southern Florida.

440. LYCAENA THEONUS Luc.
West Indian Blue.
Size and general coloration of L. filenus, but differs in having no
black spot on hind wi)igs aljove, but all on the markings below show
through. The marginal markings beneath, are similar to those of file-
nus, but within these are about six rather broad dusky bands, the third,
fifth, and sixth, counting from base on f jre wing, reach only half across
wing, and the first within the marginal bands on hind pair are promi-
nent on the center only, thus leaving white spaces on buth wings. On
inner angle of hind wings are two black spots, encircled with green met-

168

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

I

allic atoms, and ringed with pale yellow, Fig.. r>-l, c. Expands .00 to .95.
Habitat, West Indies, Key West, and Sanford, Florida.

444. LYCAENA MARINA Rear.

Marina Blue.

Similar to L. theonus, but is larger, and all of the bands beneath
cross the wings excepting the seventh and eighth. Expands .85 to 1 .05.
Found in Southern California Southern Colorado, and Arizona,

445. LYCAENA ISOPHTHALMA Herr-Schaeff.

Dwarf Blue.
Size, very small. Yellowish brown above, with a marginal line of
black dots on hind wings. Paler beneath, with both wings crossed with
six or seven rows of elongated white dots or short lines, and at base, by
a row of rings. On outer margin of hind wings, in a buff field, are six
black spots edged outwardly by golden metallic atoms. Expands .75.
Found in Florida and Georgia. Fig. 54, d.

446. LYCAENA EXILIS Bd.
Pigmy Blue.
Size, exceedingly small. Generally similar to L. isophthalma, but
diflbrs in being more reddish brown above. Beneath, the base of fore
wings is plain brown with no markings and there arc three dusky dots
in base of hind wings, no rings. White markings as in isopthalma,
but the sub-marginal space on hind wings is white, the first sub-margi-
nal dot at inner angle is double, and covered with greenish metallic atoms,
and the two at outer angle are also covered with metallic green, others
black, greenish on outer side only. Expands .50 to .75. Found in Cal-
ifornia, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, and Florida.

Family V. HESPERIDAE. The Skippers.

Size, small to medium. Legs, six. Antennae, with
club usually hooked teriminally. Flight, rapid, and sphinx-
like.

GENUS LIV. CARTEROCEPITALUS. PIGMY SKIPPERS.
Size, small. Colors brown, or.inge spotted above.
Fore wings, long and triangular; hind wings, short and
rounded. Terminal process of club of antennae, hooked.
Type, C. mandan. (Plate X. 2.)

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE IX.

1. Satyrus alope. 2. Chionobas semidea. 3. Libythea
bachmani. 4. Lemon:as vi.gulti. 5. Calephelis caenus.

6. Eur.emaatala. 7. Thecia poeos. 8. Feniseca tarquinus.
J. Chrysophanus hypophleas.

PLATE IX.

I

3

[iibythea

caenus.

rquinus.

J

-•v

\

* /

^'onh American Cuttoi-flics

8

6

C. J. M.

p:-:

NORTK AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

169

447.

CARTEROCEPHALUS MANDAN. Edw.
Dwarf Skipper.
_ Dark brown above, slightly yellowish, dull orange-spotted as follows •

2'h f fT. "'"" ^™' '''*"' "^"'^^'^ of fore wing, another across mid-
dle, t 0 of these nearer outer margin, than the others ; two large patches
an cell a small spot on lower side of cell, and another bolow it ; on hind
wmg, three rows of spots. Beneath, paler, with the light markings
larger and nearly run together, and there is an additional spot on hind
wmgs o^^r basal Expands 1.50. Habitat, White Mountains, x\ew
Hampshire, and m Maine.

448. CARTEROCEPHALUS OMAHA Edw.
Omaha Skipper.
Smaller than the last, brown above, on fore wing orange-margined-
then a sub-marginal row of spots, broken opposite cell, two upper spots
outside the line, a broad orange patch in middle of wing, with a brown
streak in central cell. Paler brown beneath, overwashed with orange
spots repeated but enlarged. Expands 1 .00. Habitat, West Virginia
Colorado, and California. ^

GENUS LV. ANYCLOXYPHIA. MARGINED SKIPPERS.

Size, very small. Colore, brovai, with orange patch

in middle of both wings, Both wings, long and narrow.

Body, long and slender. Club of antennae, with terminal,

minute, and not hooked. Type A. numitor. (Plate X, 3.)

440. ANCYLOXYPHIA NUMITOR Fab.
Bordered Skipper.
Brown above, orange-fringed, and with more or less distinct orange
patch in center of fore wing, containinga black dash, central patch bright-
er onhmd pair, and reaching inner margin. Orange beneath, including
body, with a triangular patch of dark brown in center of fore wincr reach-
ing lower margin. Expands 1.00 to 1.10. Found from Maine'to Ne-
braska and to Texas.

170

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

m

i:

m

GENUS LVI. COrAEODES. YELLOW SKirrERS.

Size, small ; colors, yellowish, brown-bordered. Fore
wings, long and triangular, hind i)air, short, and also tri-
angular. Body, short and st(nit. Antennae with terminal
process of club, sm.all and blunt, not hooked. Type C.
WRiGiiTii. (Plate X. 4.)

4o0. COPAEODES WRIGIITII Edw.

Wright's Yellow Skipper.

Yellowish orange, paler beneath, narrowly bordered with dusky,
excepting on lower border, this being broken into dots on lower surface.
There is an oblique dash across middle of fore wiug above, and some
dusky scales on hind wing below near base. Expands .80. Habitat,
Mohave, California.

451. COPAEODES MYRTIS Edw.

Arizona Yellow Skipper.

Bright reddish orange above, brown-bordered all around, excepting
lower margin of fore wings, outwardly on fore wings broadest atapex-
narrowing to lower margin, narrowly on upper half of our temargin of
hind wings, and on loAver margin, but broadly on upper margin. Browm
on lower surface of fore wings, yellowish at apex, and there is a black
stripe from base to lower angle. On hind wings wholly yellowish. Ex-
pands .80. Habitat, Arizona.

452. COPAEODES ENNUS Edw.

Pale Yellow Skipper.

Similar to C. wrightii, but differs in being much paler above, there
is no black border to outer margin of fore wings, this being restricted to
upper margin, and on this wing there is a black stripe along lower mar-
gin of base, in addition to the oblique dash. Expands 1.00. Habitat,
Kern River, California.

4o3. COPAEODES PROCRIS Edw.

Procris Skipper.

Bright glossy yellow above, dusky near base of upper margin of

fore wing ; there is a straight black streak below central cell on a ridge

raised above the surface. Beneath, paler on hind wings : at base of fore

pair is a black patch, not reaching upper margin, and extending half

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

171

PERS.
2(1, Fore
d also tri-
1 terminal
Type C.

ith dusky,

cr surface.

, and some

Habitat,

excepting
?t at apex»
margin of
!• Brown
is a black
'ish. Ex-

3ve, there
itrictedto
^ver mar-
Habitat,

nargin of
n a ridge
se of fore
ling half

way along lower margin, tlicu projecting a slioi-t streak upward. Fe-
male differs in being brownish on fore wings. Expands .W. Found in
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California.

4.U. COPAEODES ARENE Edw.

Arexe Skipper.
^ Size of the preceding, and of the same ground color, but differs in
havmg the outer and lower margin of fore wings dusky-bordered, and
the upper margin edged with the same. At end of central cell are two
short dusky lines. There is a broad dusky border on hind wings on up-
per margin, and a narrow edge along outer margin. Beneath , fove wings
are lighter, and dusky-bordered along lower margin. Jliud win<rs, paler
and unspotted. Expands .90. Found in Texas and Arizona."

GENUS LVIl. THYMELICUS. BROAD-WINGED SKIPPERS.
Size, small ; colors, plain brown. Wings, broad and
triangular. Antennae, very short, club large and without
terminal process. Palpilong. Body, long and slender
Type T. garita. (Plate X, 5.)

4oo. THYMELICUS GARITA Reak.

Orange-tinted Broad- wing.
_ Brown above, with violet reflections ; upper border of fore winces
tmged with orange, this beneath is cut with whitish veinincr.s, and the
vemmgs on hmd wing are whitish, and the surface exceptinrr near low-
er margin is sprinkled with whitish ; fringes, whitish. Explinds 1 00
Habitat, Colorado, Dakota, and Fort Ellis, British America.

4oG. THYMELICUS POWESCHIEK Park.

Parker's Broad-winq.
Larger than the last, colors similar, differs in having the apex of
of fore wings whitish, and the fringes are brown, white at base Ex-
pands 1.20. Habitat, Iowa, Illinois, Montana, and Colorado.

GENUS LVIII.

PAMPHILA. ORANGE AND BROWN SKIPPERS.

Size, small to medium; colors brown, often prominent-
ly marked with orange. Fore wings, long and triangular,
hind pair short and rounded; body, short and thick. ° An-

172

NOHTU AMERICAN BUTTERFI lES.

il!

tennjie, of medium length, and with the terminal process
of the club long and hooked. The male usually has a black
dot on fore wings. Type P. peckius. ( Plate X, 6. )

457. PAMPHILA MASSASOIT Scud.

Yellow Cross Skipper.

Size, medium. Brown above, without markinj^s, but occasionally
with a row of three faint spots near upper margin of fore wings, and in
center of hind pair. Reddish brown on fore wings beneath, with three
small reddish dots near the outer portion of upper border, and a mar-
ginal band of reddish, widest above. Dusky orange on hind wings, with
a large yellow cross in middle, with the arms bent down, the shaft rest-
ing on base of wings. Fig. 5;"), a. Female has the spottings above more
constant. Expands 1.10 to 1.40. Habitat, Eastern and Middle States
(Rare in Massachusetts) Nebraka, Texas, and Colorado. Occurs ia
June.

458. PAMPHILA ZABULON Bd-Lec.
Yellow-frinuld Brown Skipper.

Orange above, bordered outwardly on fore wing and slightly on low-
er margin, and all around on hind wing with brown. There is a black
dash across bend of cell on fore wing. Fig. 54, e, and one slightly indi-
cated on hind pair and the brown border is indented opposite the cell on
both wings. Beneath, similar, but yelloAvish, with brown border paler^
not as extended, and wanting on upper border of hind wing, and slight-
ly washed with whitish. Female similar, but darker. Expands 1.20
to 1.25. Occurs in May and June in Massachusetts.

458a. Pamphilia hobomok, Harr. Similar to type, but differs
in having the brown markings more extended, there being a brown patch
above, and beyond the black dash across end of cell, leaving two spots
between this and the border, Fig. 54, f

Pocahontas Scud.,is a dark form of the female in which the whole
surface is brown with an outer line of whitish si.ots most clearly defined
above, larger below and somewhat diflused, Fig. 55, b ; there are traces
of a spot in central cell, and one in middle of hind wing. Beneath,
tinged with purplish white; black dash present on both surfaces of fore
wing.

QuADRAQUiNA Scud., is also a dark form of the female in which
there is no spot in the central cell of fore wing, and none on hind pair,

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

178

process
s a black
G.)

icasionally
igs, and in
with three
,nd a map-
ings, with
shaft rest-
bove more
die States
Occurs ia

tly on low-
is a black
jhtly indi-
the cell ou
rder paler^
md slight-
>ands 1.20

)ut differs
own patch
two spots

the whole
•ly defined
are traces

Beneath,

ces of fore

in which
hind pair,

the spots ofthe outer line are small, tinged with purplish below, but the
brown is brighter and has a decided bronzy reflection. All of these
forms occur in Massachusetts, at least, with the typical P. zabulon.

450. PAMPIIILA TAXILES Edw.
Western Brown and Orange Skipi-eu.
Similar to P. zaljulon, but differs in having the orange greatly ex-
tendedabuve, the brown being reduced to anarrow edging. Hind winyis
mottled beneath with yellow and pale reddish brown. The female is
dusky, mottled above witli yellowish and also on hind wings below. Ex-
pands 1.10 to 1.20. Found in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and South-
ern CaUfornia.

4G0. PAMPIIILA LASUS Edw.
Arizona Skipper.
Similar to P. ottce above ; pale yellow beneath, on upper border of
fore wings and on whole of hind piiir, tinged with greenish. Part of cen-
tral cell '' fire wing, orange, black at base and along lower margin;
there is a buff'patch on middle of oiuor border and above this is an orange
patch near margin. On upper border are three white spots and an
oblii^ue row across middle of outer. Hind wings have the upper mar-
gin mottled with brown ; the upper and middle veins and branches clear
white, and crossing outer portion of Aving is a band of Avhite confluent
spots bent at right angles near middle ; must ofthe spots are slightly
edged with black outwardly. There is a small white spot with black
scales on inner side in central cell, and the ends ofthe veins are dotted
with brc wn. Expands, 1.40. Found in Southern Arizona.

461. PA^IPIIILA BURICOLA Bd.

Yellow-green Skipper.
Yellow above, with a narrow brown border with the black dash like
that of P. Columbia, divided lengthwise by a fine whitish line. Yellow
beneath, strongly greenish tinged. Expands 1.10 to 1.20. Found in
Napa County, California.

4G2. PAMPIIILA SASSACUS IIarr.

Pale-spotted Skipper.

Size, medium. Orange above, brown-bordered all around on both
wings, on fore pair, widest outwardly, \ery narrowly above and below;
on hind wings widest on lower margin. Within the border on fore wing
is a brown oblong patch, reaching nearly to the dash, and between this
spot and the border are two nearly square orange spots, and above the

174

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

tJ

I *

m

■Hi

m

5*

brown spot three others longer, and divided from the orange within by
a faintly dusky patch. The dash is black, long and slender, with both
edges straight for two-thirds its length, then it is broken, and the end
of the basal third extended beneath the outer portion; both portions are
divided in the middle by a silvery white line. Beneath paler, with base
of fore wings dusky, and the markings seen above faintly indicated; on
hind wing is a fiintly defined band of pale spots on outer portion, with
one or two at base. Female generally similar, but with the brown pre-
dominating, and the orange is pale. Beneath, dusky, and the light
markings are better defined than in the male. The space above occupied
by the dash, and below it is brown, and there is a brown i)atch in cen-
ter of fore wing. Expands l.(X) to 1.2."). Habitat, New England and
New York to Nebraska and Georgia, Florida and Colorado. Occurs in
Massachusetts in June. Fig. 5o, e.

Fig. o-t,

1 e d c 1) a

a, iipiior f.\t\t', hiiiil win;,'. I.yfMcn:! cumyiitiis; li, lnworsidi' siiiiic, L. fllctnis ; c, Bamc, L. tliconus;
d, same, L. isoijlithalnia ; o, uijper sulo, fun' wiuis, PMm|jInla zahulon; f, Bamo, i". z. holMimck.

403. TAMPIIILA NEVADA Scud.
Nevada Skipper.
Similar to P. sassacus, but differs in having the border less distinct
above, the dash is nidcr, not as long, and at the division of the central
line sends out a projection above and below, firming a short-armed cross.
Beneath, grecnisli-tingod over surface of hind wing, and on apex of fore
pair, where the spottings are nearly white. i)n lungs are five or six
irregular white spots dusky-edged, Fig. T);"), c. Expands 1.00 to 1.35.
Found in Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, and British America. Occurs
in June and July.

464, rAMPIITLA COLORADO Scud.
Colorado Skipper.
Very similar to P. sassacus above, but the sjtots at apex of fjre
wings are smaller, and the dash is not straight on upper edge. Beneatli,
not as green as in P. nevada, and there are two bent white snots on hind
wing, one within tlie otlior, Fig. ;"»,";. d. broken in the female to a greater
or less extent. Ex])ands 1.00 to l.l.*-». Found in California, Washing-
ton. Colorado, and British America.

■within by
with both
ifl the end
)rtions are
with base
icated;on
tion, with
)rown pre-
the light
) occupied
ch in cen-
;land and
Occurs in

a

, L. tluioiius;
loliumck.

3 distinct
e central
ed cross.
3x of fore
ve or six
' to 1.35.
Occurs

X of fore
beneath,
on hind
greater
'ashing-

NORTII AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

1..

4G4a. Pamphila Colorado idaiio Edw., is paler than the type,
being grayish yellow beneath. Occurs in July.

405. PAMPHILA OREGONIA Edw.
Oregon Skipper,
Similar to P, Columbia, but paler above, grayish yellow below and
the outer bar on hind wing frequently assumes the form of spots. Ex-
pands 1 .00 to 1 .25. Found in California. Nevada, and British America.

4GG. PAMPHILA COLUMBIA Scud.
Columbia Skipper.
Paler than P. sassacus above, with the bordering not extending
along upper margin of fore wing, nor is there any dusky within the three
upper spots on apex ; the dash is a long oval, with the division of the
central line slight. Beneath, green-tinted on extreme apex of fore wings
only, and not on lower border of hind pair, where there is a straight
white bar, within which are two white spots, Fig. 55, f. Female with
spot on outer border of hind wing beneath extended and curved. On
fore wing above, is a white spot, beyond, a brown spot in middle of wing,
extended below. Expands 1.00 to 1.25. Found in California.

4G7. PAMPHILA MANITOBA Scud.
Northern Skipper.
Similar in color to P. sassacus above, with the dark area more ex-
tended, the spot on hind wing being reduced to a band; spottings on
apex of fore wing small, and the dash is about as in P. Colorado. Quite
green beneath, with spottings on hind wings very small, Fig. i'tij, e.
Female, similar to sassacus above with a continuous band on outer por-
tion 0^ hind wing beneath, and two spots within it, Expands LIO to
1.35. Found in Lake Winnipeg, British Columbia, Wasliington, and
California. Occurs in July.

4GS. PAMPHILA JUBA Scud.
JuBA Skipper,
'Size, rather large. Paler than P. sassacus, spottings at apex of
fore wings above distinct and large, and tlie dash is much as in sassa-
cus. Green-tinted beneath, on hind wing, and apex of fore pair, where
the spottings are repeated white, and there is another white spot below
the three upper. On hind wings are about four white spots, the outer
long. Fig. 55, g. Expands 1.25 to 1.50. Found in California and Colo-
rado.

176

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERtLIES.

h!i

i. .

^i

i

i

468a. Pamphila juba viridis Edw. Similar to type, but dark-
er,above and below, where the hind wings are thickly dusted with
golden green scales. Found in Los Vegas, New Me.xico.

469. PAMPHILA IIARPALUS Edw.
Orange-streaked Skipper.

Similar to P. sassacus, but lacks the brown patch in apex beyond
end of dash, but the three orange spots are present. The dash is long,
slender, and bent down a little at base. Hind wings brown, with an
orange streak through central cell nearly to outer margin. Beneath,
quite similar to sassacus but rather more tinged with ochreous at apex
of fore wings. Expands .95. Habitat, Nevada.

470. PAMPHILA PAWNEE Dodge.

Pawnee Skipper.

Rather large size; orange above, broadly bordered with brown.
There are three small orange spots at apex of fore wings : at end of cen-
tral cell is a small black line, and a yellowish white spot in cell ; dash
large and black, followed by a brownish shade. There are two square
orange spots in apex below the three, which separate an oval brown
patch from th^ border. Hind wings brown, dusted heavily Arith orange
along upper bidder and more narrowly along the outer margin. Be-
neath, both win^'^s are pale yellow unspotted. Female, pale brown, with
purplish reflections. There is a large square spot of white in cell and
a row of white spots along outer margin of fore wings, and a row on
fore wings, and a row of similar spots on hind pair. Expands 1.45.
Found in Nebraska and iMontana.

471, PAMPHILA OTTOE Edw.

Plain Yellow Skipper.

Size, rather large. Orange yellow above, slightly black bordered ;
dash large, Fig. 56, a, and outside of it is a slight spot. Beneath, a
little paler, without markings. Expands 1.50. Found in Nebraska,
Indian Territory, and Arizona.

472. PAMPHILA ^ABELUS Edw.

Cabelus Sk:i'1'i:r.

Yellowish orange above, broadly edged with pale dusky on f )rc wing,

and more nar'*owly on hind i)air. Dash, long, slender and curved. On

upper border of fore wings are two cr three little in<listinct spots, and

two minute ones opposite the cell. Reddish orange beneath, yellowish

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

177

at apex and aiong outer margin, a little black at base anrl at inner angle.
Hind wings golden orange, with a few small spots. Expands 1.20 to
1.30. Found in Nevada and California.

478. TAMHPILA NAPA Edw.
Allied Skipper.
Similar to P. mystic above, but pale orange yellow below, with nc
markings on hind wings, those on fore Avings repeated. Female, simi-
lar to male, the black dash is replaced by a dusky patch. Expands 1.25.
Found in Colorado.

'174. PAMPHILA METEA Scud.
White-banded Skipper.
Yellowish brown above, orange-tinted at base of fore wings; dash,
long and slender, elevated and black, divided by the lower branch of
middle vein ; outside of dash is a triangular patch of buff; at end of cell
two elongated dots, outside these, near margin, two square spots, above
these, near upper border, three others, all buff. On hind wings is an
arrow-shaped mark of buff with the point nearly touching outer margin.
Both wings are narrowly black^edged and yellowish-fringed ; beneath, a
little yellower with markings repeated, but larger and paler on fore wing,
and on hind the arrow-shaped mark reaches from near the base, on up-
per portion, to near the lower border at inner angle, and sends spurs out
along the veins, two of which connect with a patcii nearer base, all these
marks being whitish. Fig. oG, b. Female, similar, browner, with the
spottings whiter and more restricted on both surflices. Expands 1.10
to 1.15. Found in Texas, Colorado, New York, Connecticut, andat
Scituate, Massachusetts, where I have taken it the second week in ^lay,

475. PMAPIIILA RHESUS Edw.
Brown-banded Skipper.
^ Glossy brown above, with three spots in apex of fore wing, below
which is an oblique bar of white spots and a spot at end of central cell.
Hind wings, unspotted, fringed with dull white. Beneath, dusky on
fore wings, bordered on upper margin with greenish yellow, spots re-
peated more distinctly : hind wings dusky on upper and outer margin,
broadly bordered with greenish yellow, with white markings much as
in P. metea, but narrower. Female, paler, all spots distinct and the
white band seen below is repeated above. Expands 1.15. Found in
Colorado and Arizona. •

'/

178

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

47G. PAMPIIILA CARUS Edw.
South-western Skipper.
Size, medium. Pale brown above, slightly yellow-tinted ; two mi-
nute spots in apex, and two others beneath them, yellowish Avhite ; an
obscure spot at end of central cell. Dash, short and black ; hind wings
with a curved row of indistinct, minute, yellowish white spots on upper
half of wing. Fringes, dull white. Brown below, dusted with yellow-
ish on upper and lower margins of both wings. Spots repeated on fore
wings, with an extra one at apex, two at end of cell, and tAvo in it. On
hind wings, spots enlarged ; also a large spot in cell. Expands 1.10 to
1.25. Found in Western Texas and Arizona.

477. PAMPHILA UNCAS Edw.
Uncas Skipper.

Size, large. Dusky above ; cell of fore wing and patch below dash,
orange yellow, outer portion washed with yellow, containing a row of five
yellow spots. Dash, narrow, jet black, and contracted in the middle.
Hind wings, heavily washed with yellow, excepting on upper border,
orange-tinted in central portion, white-fringed. Gray beneath, ycllo" •
washed; spots, repeated, white, and these on outer margin of fore wing
run together in three groups. On hind wings are two very much bent
bands, the outer not reaching lower margin. Female, with the base and
outer portion of fore wing, and a broad band from base to outer margin,
washed with orange. On outer portion of fore wings is a broken row of
spots, whitish, excepting the last whicli is yellowish, and a small spot
at end of cell ; on hind wings the spots below show indistinctly, beneath
as in male. Expands l.oo to 1.00. Found from Delaware to Ohio;
from Dakota to Arizona, and in British America.

478. PA:\IPII1LA LICINUS Edw.
Texas Skipper.
Size, medium. Dusky above, with a large orange patch in center
of fore Aving, within which is the dash, which is long, narrow, and slight-
ly curved, dusky, velvet black at the extremities. There are three spots
in apex, two below these, opposite cell, and a small orange spot at end of
dash nearly connected with tlie central patch. On hind wings is a large
sub-triangular patch, dusky in center. i)alor toward outer portion ; fringe,
graA'ish. Beneath, brown, overwaslied vath oi'ungeon upper margin of
fore wing, especially next base; spots, repeated, with tAvo extra at end
of cell, and tAvo larger yellowi.sh white, bcloAv dash, reaching luAvermar-

f3

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

179

; two mi-
ivhite; an
lul vings
on upper
h ycllo^v-
3(1 on fore
1 it. On
Is 1.10 to

low dash,

■ow of five

e middle.

sr border,

1, yello- -

fore wing

ucli bent

base and

margin,

en row of

nail spot

beneath

;o Ohio;

n center
1 sliglit-
ce si)Ots
\t end of
s a large
; fringe,
argin of
a at end
er mar-

in. On hind wings, is a row of small white spots, connected so as to
form a continuous line, bent at right angles ; two dots in cell. Expands
1.35. Habitat, Southern Arizona.

479. PAMPHILA SEMINOLE Scud.
Seminole Skipper.
Size, medium. Brown above with violet reflections, with base and
tipper margin of fore wing sprinkled with yellowish ; three small spots
in apex, two below opposite cell, three larger below these, one in each
interspace of middle vein, and a bar at end of cell, all yellow. Dash,
narrow, black. Hind wing, unspotted, greenish-tinged. Beneath, more
strongly washed with yellowish, this taking the form of a band across
hind wing, where it sends out a bar on each side in the middle, and con-
tains a round dusky spot ; spots on fore wings repeated, enlarged. Fe-
male similar but lacks the bar at end of cell on fore wing and has very
little yellow ovcrwashing above. Expands l.oo. Habitat, New Jersey,
North California, Florida and Iowa.

480. PA^IPIIILA ATTALUS Edw.

Attalus Skipper.

Female, dusky above, somewhat suffused with orange ; on brewings
are three small spots in apex; a large spot at end of cell, a triangular
one below it, another triangular below this and a patch below all. On
hind wings is a row of indistinct yellow spots bent at right angles so as
to be nearly parallel to outer and upper margins. On hind wings be-
neath, yellowish ochracous, dusky on lower side of fore wings, spots re-
peated wlui two extra spots opposite cell on fore Aving, and four spots
on hind wing near outer margin. Expands 1 .10. Habitat, Texas.

481. PA^irniLA SNOWI Edw.
Snow's Skipper.
Form similar to that of P. moKj'isonii. Orange above, with a broad
brown border ; from end of dash a patch extends toward apex, and back
of this is a band of yellowish orange, following around dash and ending
at middle of lower margin; above dash to upyier margin and base is red-
dish orange. Dash, long and in the shape of a narroAV ridge, somewhat
brown-edged. On hind wings is a yellowish orange band bent at right
angles. Reddish orange beneath on fore wings, brown along upi)er mar-
gin, l)and repeated, u])per ])art in white, lower in yellow ; apex, reddish
brown. Hind wings, dark rusty, dusted with tluU orange, clearer orange
in middle, yellow on upper margin ; band repeated, puie white and iu

180

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

W

V

■ffl''

<v

m

(i

;;i-'i; I

1

cell is a longitudinal white band ; female, similar. Expands 1.30.
itat, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Ilab-

482. PAMPIIILA LEONARDUS IIarr.
Leonard's Skipper.
Size, large. Brown above with basal half of fore wing, and an ar-
row-shaped band on hind wing, deep orange, beyond which the wing is
ovcrwashed with orange. At apex on fore wing are three spnts, two
below these somewhat widely separated and a wedge-shaped spot at end
of dash ; all orange. Dash, black, widest at base with a raised orange
division. Fig. oG, c. Beneath, deep rusty orange spots on fore wings re-
peated but yellower, and there are two extra ones at end of central cell.
Below cell is a large triangular yellow patch on a dusky field. On hind
wings the band is repeated in separate white spots with an extra white
spot at end of cell. Female similar, but there is a tinting only of orange
at base of fore wing and there is a band of yellow spots at end of cell;
band on hind wings is straighter, and yellow below ; spots on fore wing
below, repeated, as in the male. Expands l.-!.") to 1.50. Found from
New England (rarely in Massachusetts) to West Virginia, at Indian
River, Florida, and in Kansas and Quebec.

483. PAMPIIILA MESKEI Edw.

Meske's Skipper.

Size, very large. Dash in two sections, black, the outer a smooth
ridge, inner short, behind dash is a rough blackish patch. Dark brown
above, with reddish orange markings as follows, three small spots near
apex of fore wing, two below these opposite cell, and an oblique line of
larger spots below these, which merge into the reddish orange of the
central cell and base. There is an obscure patch in middle of fore wing,
and some indistinct spots between this and the outer margin. Under
sides of hind wings and ajiex of fore wings bright rusty orange, unspot-
ted on hind pair, with spots on fore wings repeated indistinctly, dusky
at base. Female, similar above to male, but dusky at base of fore wings,
and the spoiS on hind pair arc more distinct, and arc repeated below.
Expands 1.50 to 1.(50. Found in Texas and at Indian River, Florida.

484. PAMPIIILA YUMA Edw.
Yuma Skipper.
Ochre yellow above, unspotted, dusky on upper margin of fore wing.
Dash, long, narrow, and nearly straight; pale dusky beneath, at base of
fore wing. Expands l.l'O. Found in Arizona.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUES.

181

485. pa:mpiiila NEMORUM Bd.

Pacific Skipper.

Similar to P. sylvanoidcs, but the border is wider and the mark on

fore wmg at end of dash is prolonged to the apex in the form of a streak.

Deep yellow beneath, spots repeated on fore wings, hind pair, unspotted.

• Expands 1.30. Found in California.

486. PAMPIIILA SYLVANOIDES Bd.

California Skipper.
^ Size, medium. Orange above, brown-bordered, with a band of yel-
lowish spots crossing outer portion of wings, and a single spot near base.
There is a blackish streak at base of dash. Beneath, pale yellow, slight-
ly grayish on hind wing ; spots repeated on fore wing. On hind wing
are five spots ; on under side of female, near outer portion of wing, is a
black triangular spot, followed by a small, white, translucent spot, and
at apex are three small yellow spots. Expands 1.30. Found in Cali-
fornia, Nebraska, Colorado, and Washington.

487. PAMPIIILA AGRICOLA Bd.
Field Skipper.
Dusky above, with a black mark from dash to apex of fore wing,
with a row of yellow dots between this and the border, which is not very
wide. On hind wing, border wider, more or less brown at base ; beneath,
yellow on fore wings with the mark less prominent than above ; also
yellow on hind wings with a slightly indicated band of paler. Expands
1.25. Found in California, Nevada, and Washington.

488. PAMPIIILA MILO Edw.
Broad-bordered Skipper.
Bright reddish orange above, bordered nearly to ceil on fore wing
with pale brown. Dash, a black, narrow, ridge, nearly straight, bent
down a little, and edged on both sides with black scales. On upper mar-
gin are three small translucent spots, and two next dash ; on hind wings
the bordering is narrower and darker. Beneath, on fore wings, pale
rusty, spots repeated, not enlarged ; a black wedge indicates the end of
dash, and the base is black. Iliud wings, pale rusty, lighter in middle.
Expands 1.20. Habitat. Mt. Hood, Oregon.

182

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

I i i

n

)

?•?;

i^

I i

if:

m

I!

ifii

ir!

489. PAMrillLA niATINCOL \ Bd.

^Ieadow Skipper.

Bright yelloAv above, witli a few small spots only for a border, con-
isting of dusky triangles at ends of veins, and there is a blackish streak
at apex. Yellow beneath, unspotted, excepting a small pale spot near
apex of fore ■wing. Female, larger, -with a serrate blackish border, and
there is an oblique blackish band on fore wing, surmounted at apex by
a spot of same color. Beneath, much as in male, but differs in having
an irregular row of pale spots on hind wings. Expands 1.25. Found
in California and Washington.

Fig. 55.

mx Ms .M Mk

^gp^ ^%^ '■^d^ ^^j#

a

g

lll'.istriiting the gomis rainphiln lower side, hinil wins; a, massasiot; pociiliontas (fore wing) :
Cni'Toda; il, Colorado; e, sat-saous; f, columliia. t:, iiianiuiba: li,.jiiliii.

490. PAMPHILA VERUS Edw.

IIavilaii Skipper.

Yellowish orange above, bordering pale dusky, broadest on fore
wings, narrower on hind pair ; three indistinct spots in apex of fore wings,
and a series of small spots in an oblique line outside edge of cell. Dash,
black, slender, broken at lower branch of middle vein, but not separated,
and somewhat edged with black on either side ; on upper end, a dusky
patch connects it with the dark margin. Beneath, both wings arc yel-
lowish orange ; hind wings unspotted ; fore wings have a little black at
base, and a black streak represents dash ; the indistinct spots are repeat-
ed, but paler. Female, similar, but paler, with spots clearer. Expands
1.00. Found at Ilavilah, California.

491. PAMPHILA CAMPESTRIS Bd.

Prairie Skippfr.
Size and form similar to those of P. nemorum. Yellow above, rath-
er widely brown-bordered, and yellow-fringed. On apex of fore wings
are two or three yellow dots, and there are some dusky spots on middle
of hind wings; beneath, pale yellow, spots repeated on fore wings, and
there is a row of small spots crossing hind wings. Found in Southern
California.

ifj

NORTH AMERICAN I51TTERFLIES.

180

492. rxVMPIIILA HURON Edw.

Huron Skipper.

Size, medium. Dark golden yellow above on fore wings. Dash,
pointed outwardly, wider at base, and in a rounded velvc*'^' black patch:
at end of dash between it and the margin is a dusky patch. Hind wings
with the central portion yellow. Dull yellowish orange beneath, gray-
ish-tinged on hind wings, and at apex of fore pair, where the basal lialf
and lower border is blackish, and there is a faint sul)-marginal band.
Base of hind wings dusky, with a faint sub-marginal band. Female,
dusky tinged,, fore wings yellowish at base and along upper border with
a sub-marginal row of spots, hind wing yellowish, with a wide bandn^t
reaching either margin ; beneath, on fore wing like male with the hind
wings hoary, two curved rows of white confluent spots. Expands 1.20
to l.oO. Found in the Atlantic States south of New England to Flor-
ida, up the Mississippi Valley and in Texas and Arizona, Fig. oG, b.

493. PAMPIIILA PIIYLAEUS Dury.
Wed(!E-marked Skipper.

Size, medium. Bright orange above : bar at end of central cell of
fore wing Avith two longitudinal lines from it outAvardly, and a series of
brown marginal wedge-shaped spots, smallest opposite cell. Fig. t'tC), c.
Dash, black and somewhat curved, and a little dusky beneath it. Hind
wings brown-bordered all around, separated on outer margin, broken at
lower vein, and nearly or quite at the lower branch of the middle vein,
and the spot thus isolated is large, and sends a line back through the
middle of the interspace to the base. Beneath, pale orange yellow,
dusky at base, and along the lower border of fore wing, dash represented
by an oval patch, narrow bar at end of cell, and the marginal wedges
have the points represented only, there being a clear space between
these and the margin. On hind wings is a large oblong dusky patch
near lower margin and two rows of spots crossing wing, all small. Fe-
male, brown, marked with pale orange as follows : on fore wing, three
spots at apex, two below these, two within them at end of central cell,
and an oblicpte band of spots below these. On hind wings, an arrow-
shaped band of spots with arms, nearly reaching the upper and lower
borders, and within, near base, a spot. Beneath jtalcr, spots repeated,
enlarged, and pale. Expands 1.25 to 1.40. Found in the Middle and
Gulf States to the Pacifiic.

! -11

18^

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFUE3.

494. PAMPIIILA BRETTOIDES Edw.
Doll's Skipper.
Similar to P. brcttus, but differs above, in baving no brown mark
between tlie dash und the outer margin, and the outer margin to both
wings have the brown border without the wedge-shaped projections.
There are two small dusky marks within border near apex of fore wing;
beneath, the fore wings have the base only black, and the two marks at
apex repeated, otherwise unspotted. On hind wings is one row of spots
only, within it three other spots. Expands 1.30. Found in Texas
and Arizona.

405. PAMPIIILA BRETTUS Bd-Lec.

Black-spotted Skipper.

Dull orange above, with a serrated border on fore wings, and a wide
border all around on hind wings. On fore pair the dash is short, straight
and is surrounded with a large oval, velvety black patch, from it two
dusky lines run to base, and a divided curved line on apex. Fig. 56, d.
Beneath, spotted as in P. phylaeus, but the spots are larger and the dusky
of base of fore wing extends along lower border to margin. Female,
very similar to that of P. phylaeus, but differs in having the spots small-
er and more isolated, those on hind wings above being indicated only,
narrow beneath, where all spots are paler than in phylaeus. Expands
1.15 to 1.25. Found in the Gulf States and West Virginia.

490. PAMPIIILA CHUSA Edw.

Arizona Skipper.

Yellowish orange above, with a narrow serrated dusky border to
both wings, with two serrations wanting opposite cell on fore wings.
Dash, velvety black, thick, curved, at its basal end is a small spot and
a small dark patch outside; beneath, paler, unspotted. Expands 1.00.
Found in Arizona.

497. PAMPIIILA DRACO Edw.
DuAcoN Skipper.
Size, medium. Dark brown above, orange on upper margin and in
middle of wings. Fore wing with a yellowish spot in apex, two small
spots at end of cell, and a larger one below these. Dash, narrow and
doubly curved, velvety black at end. Outside it, is a larger dusky patch.
Beneath, on fore wings blackish at base, and on lower margin ; orange
in middle of wing, and on upper margin ; grayish at apex and outer mar-
gin ; spots as above. Hind wings grayish orange, with a yellowish band
of regular spots, beginning on middle of upper margin, bends at right

)-wn mark
.n to both
'ejections,
'ore wing ;

marks at
w of spots

in Texas

md a wide
t, straight
rom it two
Fig. 56, d.
the dusky

Female,
)ots small-
ated only.

Expands

)order to
)re wings,
spot and
linds 1.00.

in and in
;wo small
irrow and
ky patch.

n

; orange

uter mar-

vish band

at right

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

185

angles below apex, near margin, then two-thirds across wing, turns to
the middle and runs through cell to base. Female, similar above, but
the spots are larger with those on lower side of hind wing repeated above.
Beneath, on fore wing orange on middle and near margin ; the upper
and sub-marginal spots are clear white, central spots yellow. Hind
wings, greenish, with clear white spots not connected, and the band is
bent as in the male. Expands 1.30. Found in Colorado.

498. PAMPinLA SABULETI Bd.

Sand Skipper.
Orange yellow above ; widely brown bordered. Dash very short,
and joined to a grayish spot. Beneath, paler, with a row of brown streaks,
inclined to be arrow-shaped, crossing both wings, and there is a second
row near base on hind wings. Female, larger and paler, with a row of
paler spots between end of cells and outer border. Expands 1.25.
Found in California.

499. PAMPHILA OTIIO Sm-Abb.
Yellowish-brown Skipper.

Size, medium. Yellowish brown above, with a series of yellow
spots crossing outer portion of fore wing, and two small spots at end of
cell on hind wings. Beneath, the spots are repeated on fore wing, ex-
cepting the lower, and there are five or six spots in a band on hind pair.
Dash, much as in P. metacomet. Expands 1.15 to 1.40. Found in the
Southern Atlantic States, Mississippi Valley, and Texas.

501a. Pamphila otho egeremet Scud., is darker than the type,
and lacks the lower spots on fore wing above, and the two spots on hind
pair. Found in the Northern Atlantic States and Ontario.

500. PAMPHILA PECKIUS Kirby.
Peck's Skipper.

Plate X, 4.

Size, small. Brown above, orange-marked as follows; a patch above
dash to upper margin, and base, and along lower margin as far as end
of dash, in a narrow line, three spots in apex, two below these nearer
margin, and two at end of dash, a large patch in middle of hind wing,
and a dot in cell. Dash, black, slightly curved on lower side and fol-
lowed basally by a dot of velvety black. Beneath, strongly orange-tint-
ed, obscuring the brown ; dusky at base of fore wing, and along lower
border, spots repeated, enlarged; on hind wing central patch repeated,
enlarged, and there is a second basal patch, joined to outer at two points;

18G

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

l^

I

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I

all spots arc yellow. Female, lacks the orange about base of f jre vring,
and has the six outer spots only, and tlie patch on hind pairis faintly
indicated. Beneath, similar to male, but with the spots smaller, that
on base of hind wing separate and there is more dusky on fore pair.
Expands l.()0 to 1.10. Found from New England to Wisconsin, and in
West Virginia, Ontario, and Quebec. Occurs in June. July, and Au-
gust.

501. TAMrillLA MYSTIC Lcud.
Orange Skipper.

Generally similar to P. sassacus, but differs in having the dash
wider, without the shining central division, and dusky spot at end is not
divided, nor extended as far into the border. Fig. AG, e ; on hind wing
there is a dusky patch on the orange at base, beneath, more orange-tint-
ed, and there is a dusky mark at end of each cell. Female differs from
that of sassacus in having the markings more restricted and deeper in
color. Expaeds 1.10 to 1.25. Fourd in New England, New York, On-
tario, and Quebec. Occurs in June.

504. PAMPIIILA SIRIS.

SiRis Skipper.

Size, small; dark brown above, orange on basal half of fore wings;
there are three orange spots in apex, and an oblique row of three spots
across end of wing. Dash, narrow, with a deep brown patch behind.
There is a rather dull orange band on hind wing, curved and narrow,
not distinct, excepting in middle of wing, and within this is an indis-
tinct spot. Beneath, brown on fore wing, with orange repeated, but dull;
spots repeated, more yellow, and there is a fourth spot in oblique band.
Hind wings also brown Avith a row of yellow spots, and there is a long
spot in cell. Female, similar with spots clearer, the oblique line with
four spots above and the under side is more overwashcd with orange.
Expands 1.15 to 1.28. Found at Puget's Sound, Washington.

501. PAMPIIALA MAilOON Edw.

Washington Skippi'u.

Quite similar to P. agricola, differs ia having a broader f n-e wing,

is of duller color, and without a dusky patch between the end of tlie

dash and apex. Expands 1.00 to 1.10. Found at Puget's Sound,

Washington.

■■?'

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1

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i

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HLiJMr-

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NORTH AMI;I:Ti\\N r.lTTFRFLIES.

is:

ffjrovring,
ri s faintly
uiller, that
fore pair,
isin, and in
y, and Au-

^ the (lash
t end is not
hind wing
)range-tint-
rliffoi s from
:1 deeper in
' York, On-

[ ■

ore wings;
three spots
2h behind,
id narrow,
s an indis-
rl, but dull;
ique band.
is a long
line with
th orange.

in-e wmg,
nd of tlie
's Sound,

504. I'AMriULA CKllNES 1U»-Lec.

ClEAR-WINGKI) SKIPI'EU.

Yellowish brown above, with a patch uf reddish orange in middle
of upper portion of fore wing, above dash, this extends int'^ a point
toward apex and just below its termination are two small spots and an-
other at end uf cell. Fig. o(i, f. Hind wings, unsjwttcd ; beneath, brown,
overwashed with orange, markings repeated on fore wing a little enlai'ged.
Female, with only a tra< <- of the orange on fore wing, and with two ex-
tra spots on outer portion of wing, forming an ublitpie band, and two
small ones at end of cell. Expands l.(iO to I.IU. Found from New
England to Montana; in British America, Ontario, Quebec, and Flori-
da. Occurs in May and June in the north.

505. rAMPIIILA MANATAAQUA Scun.

YELLOW-SPOTTKn SKIl'l'EIl.

Size, medium. Brown above, orange-tinted on middle of hind wings
which are unspotted ; in middle of fore wing is a patch of orange, sur-
rounding the dash, Fig. 5(i, g. At ai)ex are often tAvo indistinct dots of
orange. Dash, black, and conSiSts of two oval portions, the basal slight-
ly curved. Beneath, strongly oycrwashed witli rusty orange, especially
on upper border of fore wing. There is a patch of black at base of wing,
which sends a dusky line along the lower border, and the orange j'utch
is represented by two or three orange spots in an oblique bar. Female,
paler brown, with three pale spots in apex of fore wing, and three others
in an oblique bar. Beneath, paler, sligiitly tinted with rusty, spots ex-
cepting lower, repeated. Expands 1.15 to 1.25. Found tiiroughout
the United States and British America. Occurs in Massachusetts in
July.

50(;. PAMnilLA VERNA Edw.
Dark Brown Skiiter.

Size, medium. Dark brown above, with a slight purple reflection.
Fore wings Avith the upper margin sprinkled with yellow, there are three
small, yelloAvish, translucent spots in a line from upper border, about
three-fourths the distance from base to apex, two larger sjiots in middle
of outer portion, and a small spot in cell nearer end. Dash, black, nar-
row, a little constricted, but not broken. No spots on hind wings. Be-
neath, colored as above, but tinged with bronzy yellow ; spots on fore
wings repeated, and there is arow of five indistinct spots on hind wings-
Female, quite similar. Expands 1.25. Found in New York, and from
Maryland to Georgia, in West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Kansas.

^!i

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188

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

507. PAMPIIILA MORRISONII Edw.
Morrison's Skipper.

Similar to P. brettus, but differs in having the spot at end of dash
larger and oval ; tlie dash is without the accompanying velvety patch,
and the marcrinal band is not serrated, being brown-edged only ; on hind
wings is an orange, arrow-shaped mark. Beneath, much caffused with
reddish brown, with a band crossing outer portion of fore wings whitish
above, yellowish below. Hind whigs, rusty, dusted with dull orange ;
band repeated in pure white ; in cell a white line extends from base to
extremity. Female, similar. Expands 1.30. Found in Southern Col-
orado and Arizona.

508. PAMPIIILA METACOMET IIarr.

ImiMAculate Skipper.

Size, medium. Deep brown above, with bronzy reflections ; dash,
curved and divided in the middle ; no markings. Paler beneath, with
the spotting3 seen in the female indicated. Female, same color, with
two small spots in apex, and two below these on fore wings above, they
are a little clearer below, where both wings are slightly whitish at base ;
a slightly indicated band of spots on hind wings. Expands 1.15 to 1.25.
Found from New England to Montana, and in Kansas, Montana, Neva-
da, Ontario, and Quebec.

500. PAMPIIILA VESTRIS Bd.

Vestris Skipper.

Similar to P. metacomet in color, unspotted, and in having a slight
washing of yellowish along basal half of fore wings. There are no in-
dications of markings below. Female has no spots in apex of fore wing
on either surface. Expands 1.28. Found in California, Colorado, and
on Indian River, Florida.

610. PAMPIIILA BELLUS Edw.

Bellus Skipper
Dark brown above, fringed with orange. Dash, long, narrow, and
straight. Beneach, paler, overwashed with greonish. No markings
on either surface. Palpi, orange. Expands 1.20. Found in Southern
Arizona.

Hi?

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

189

nd of dash
ety patch,
y ; on hind
Fused with
;s whitish
11 orange ;
>ra base to
thern Col-

•ns ; dash,
ath, with
olor, with
)ove, they
bat base;
5 to 1.25.
na, Neva-

g a slight
are no in-
fore wing
rado, and

rrow, and
markings
Southern

511. PAMPHILA ACCIUS Sm-Abb.
White-spotted Brown Skipper.

Blackish bro^vn above. Dash, oblique and black, at outer end is a
white dot, and three white dots near apex. Reddish brown beneath,
overwashed with whitish on outer portion of both wings ; spots repeated.'
Female, similar, with an oblique line of white spots aiendof fjre wino-"
and a dot at end of central cell. Expands 1.40. Found in North Caro-
lina, the Gulf States, and rarely in Eastern Pennsylvania and New
England.

512. PAMPHILA LOAMJ^II Whitn.

Loamm's Skipper.
Dark glossy brown above, darker basally ; there are three whitish
spots in apex of fore wnigs, and two spots on outer portion of winrr, up-
per, largest. Dash, narrow, black, divided, upper portion, strai'-ht
loAver curved. Hind wings, unspotted. Dark chestnut brown, beneath'
apex of fore wings and outer border of hind pair, overwashed with whit-
ish. Spots repeated on fore wing. On hind wings is a curved row of
three small, irregular spots near base, and a sub-marginal row of six
spots, all spots on hind wing, black-bordered. Female, paler. There
are two spets at end of cell on fore wing, and two extra spots on outer
portion. Markings on hind wing below much as in male. Expands
1.30 to 1.50. Found in Florida and North Carolina.

513. PAMPHILA IIORUS Edw.

IIorus Skipper.
Brown on both surflices, darkest near base, lighter on middle
Fr re wings, with two or tliree whitish dots near apex, and indications
rf spots near outer margin. Expands 1.50. Found in Texas.

514. PAMPHILA DEVA Edw.
Deva Skipper.

Similar to P. lunas, but differs in being larger, in havino- laro-er
spots, in being grayer !)encath, in having one brown dasl uly acj° ss hfnd
wing beneath, and in having the fringes of ihis win- an -e. Expands
1.10 to 1.20. Found in Soutliern Arizona.

515. PAMI>IIILA LUNUS Edw.
Wheeler's Skipper.

Dark brown above, with bronzy reflections; fore wings havethree
small spots near apex, white and translucent, a large spot at cud of cen-

.'WtM

190

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

ll

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itf'

ri

tral cell, below this and outside it, is a small spoc and another below
this, but nearer base, thus these last three named form a triangle.
Hind wings, unspotted. Brown beneath, with apex of fore Things and
hind pair overwashed with grayish, spots repeated on fore wings and on
hind pair are two brown dashes ia middle, and withm a thin white streak.
Fringes of hind wings 3-ellow, Female, similar, but lacks the white
streak. Expands 1.40 to 1.50. Found in Southern Colorado and Ari-
zona.

51G. PAMPIIILA MACULATA Edw.
Spotted Skipper.
Dark brown abo,-e ; on fore wings are three small spots near apex,
two below these opposite cell, and another below these; hind wings with
a small spot in middle, all spots semi-transparent, and yellowish. Be-
neath, similar, washed with white on apex of fore wings. Expands
1.40 to l.oO. Found in the Gulf States, rarely in New York.

517. PAMPHILA PANOQUIN Scud.

Panoquin Skipper.

Brown above with a bronzy luster ; two spots only in apex of fore
wing and usually one or two below, beyond cell, below these is an
oblique row of three spots, and a small spot in cell, all pale j'cllowish.
Dash, small and oval, parallel with the upper margin. Beneath, similar,
overwashed with bronze along upper margin of fore wings, and on veins
of hind pair. On outer part of hind wings is a white line with a spot
below it, and occasionally one above. Female, similar. Expands 1.2C
to l.oO. Found in the Gulf States and at Atlantic City, New Jersey.

518. PAMPHILA OCOLA Edw.

OcoLA Skipper.

Dark brown tinged with bronze. One or two small spots in apex,
and three others below these in a bent row, all dull, dusky, translucent
yellow. Beneath, similar, bronzy on ujtiicr and outer margin of fure
wings, and along veins of hind pair, spots repoated. Female, similar>
spots, larger. Expands 1 .40. Found in the Gulf States, Eastern Penn-
sylvania, and at Whitings, Indiana

5iy. PAMPIIILA ETIILIUS Cram.
Laikje Brown Skipper.

Size, very large ; blackish brown above, slightly overwashed with
yellow on ou tnr portion of both wings. Fore wings with seven whitish

y

I

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES ON PLATE X.

1. Lycaena pseud as. 2. Carterocephalus mandan.

3, Ancyloxyphianumitor. ... Copaeodes wrightii. 5. Thymel-
icus garita. G. Pamphila peckius. 7. Amblyscirtes vialis.
8. Pyrgus tessalata. 9. Nisoniadesjuvenalis. 10. Pholisora
catulus. 11. Eudamus pylades. 12. Erycides urania.

A

PLATE X

M^

mandan.

Thymel-

es vialis.

Pholisora

few,.

10

-mm

11

North Ammcan Iiiittor(li,.B

C. J, M.

m

I:

I!

k

11^

If

w

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. 191

translucent spots shown in Fig. 56, i, and three on middle of hind pair.
Beneath, ochreous brown, with spots repeated. Female, similar.

520. PAMPHILA FITTACUS Edw.
Greenish Skipper.
Pale brown above, thickly overwashed with grayish green, with
translucent spots as follows ; three in apex of fore wings, one large, at
end of cell, and three in an oblique row across wing ; on hind pair a row
of four, nearly confluent. Lower side brown, hoary on apex and upper
margin of fore wings, and on whole of hind pair; spots repeated, and
there are three obscure whitish spots extra on hind wings. Female,
lacks all but the outer spot on hind wings, otherwise similar. Expands
1.50. Found in Arizona.

521. PAMPHILA BIMACULA Gr-Rob.

Two-spotted Skipper.
Dark brown above, with two spots of yellowish on outer portion of
fore wing; dash, narrow, black, divided in the middle into two eliptical
parts. Beneath, grayish, heavily tinted with rusty yellow, spots as
above ; fringes, white, gray at base. Female, quite similar, but less
gray beneath. Expands 1.20 to 1.50. Found from New England to
Nebraska, and in Illinois.

522.

PAMPHILA PYTHON Edw.

Python Skipper.
Similar to P. pittacus, but is more yellow above, and lacks the band
in middle of hind wing, and there are two small yellow spots, near up-
per angle, also white-fringed, not gray, on hind wing. Beneath, are
two small white spots on upper portion and a bent row of five small,
white spots in middle. Expands 1.50. Found in Arizona.

523. PAMPHILA CESTUS Edw.

Cestus Skipper
Upper side brown, thickly overwashed with yellowish green. On
fore wings arc seven semi-transparent spots, three at apex, three below
and one in central cell, having a deep angular incision on either side.
On hind wings is a similar spot in cell, and four larger ones outside in
a band. Beneath, mottled greenish gray and brown, spots repeated,
enlarged, and on hind wings five spots are confluent, and there are tw^
in addition near upper border. Expands 1.50. Found in Southern
Arizona.

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192

KOllTII AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

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524. PAMPIIILA RIIENA Edw.

Rhena Skipper.

Light brown above, with base and central portion of fore wing yel-
lowish orange, somewhat reddish along upper margin ; three small
indistinct spots near apex of fore Aving. Dash, long, narrow, and vel-
vety black. Hind wings, with an obscured orange patch in the middle.
Yellowish brown beneath, on both wings, overwashed with yellowish.
Upper margin of fore wing, to below cell, yellowish orange ; spots re-
peated, more distinctly ; there is a black, triangular patch, followed by
an oblique bar of yellowish spots ; on hind wings the spots are faintly
defined, and there is a row of small black spots parellel to outer mar-
gin. Expands 1.30. Found in Southern Arizona.

525. PAMPIIILA PONTIAC Edw.

PoNTiAC Skipper.

Dark brown above, with a central patch on fore wing of yellowish
orange, that contains the wide velvety black dash ; this is divided in the
middle into two oval, about equal parts ; three spotsin apex. On hind
wihji,d, is an orange patch in the middle, divided by the veins. Beneatli,
much overwashed with rusty orange, with the spots repeated, and the
fore wing marked much as in P. cernes. Central spot on the hind pair
showing faintly. Female, darker, with three spots in apex, and three
on outer portion of fore wing, and the central spot on the hind pair is
much restricted ; overwashed below with rusty orange, Avith spots re-
peated. Expands l.GO to l.SO. Found from Massachusetts to Nebras-
ka, and in New Jersey. Occurs in July.

52G. PA]\IPIIILA DION Edw.
Dion Skipper.

Very similar to P. pontiac, but the yellow is more restricted and
clearer ; the division of the dash is more distinct, and there is more yel-
low on hind wing. Ochreous yellow ])eneath, brown-tinged, with spots
obscured, and there are no spots on hind wings. Female, with a small
spot at end of cell above, otherwise as in pontiac ; beneath, similar to
the male. Expands l.GO to 1.80. Found in Nebraska, and at Hamil-
ton, Ontario.

527. PAIMPIIILA ARPA Bd-Lec.

. Arpa Skipper.

BroAvn above, greenish-tinged; base of fore wings, and patch along
upper border, .yellowish ; cell and space containing dash, clear golden

!!■ ;;

NORTH AiMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

U)3

yellow. Dash, lonj^ and slender, a little constricted in middle, hlack;
hind wings with a little yellow in middle. Jitneath, dark golden yel-
low, outer portion of f' ire wing blackish, where there are three pale spots.
Hind wings, unspotted. Female, same hrown above, with a little yel-
low at base, with some markings of yellow at apex of fore wings. Be-
low as in male. Expands l.fio to 1.80. Found in the Gulf States.

528. PAMPIIILA PALATKA Edw.

Palatka Skipper.

Clear yelloAv above, darker at base of fore wing, and broadly brown-
bordered on both wings, and also on upjier margin of hind pair. Beyond
cell on fore wing are three yellowish spots. Dash, narrow, broken in
middle, dull black. Beneath, brown on hind wings, and outer portion
of fore pair, overwashed with rusty. Yellow of fore wings repeated;
hind pair without spots. Female, similar, but has more orange on fore
wing below. Expands 1.45 to 1.50. Habitat, Gulf States and Nebraska.

529. PAMPHILA MELANE Edw.

JNIelane Skipper.
Brown above, more or less orange-tinted, especially at base of fore
wings and on hind pair. Three spots near apex, a fourth, minute, be-
low this, and separate ; two larger, angular spots on middle of wing, and
another on lower margin, thus all forming an irregular row across wing;
there is a row of indistinct spots nearly parallel to outer margin. Be-
neath, brown, 3'ellow-tinted, most thickly on hind wings. Spots on fore
wings repea-ted, enlarged ; on hind pair is a broad yellow band. Female,
similar, but spots on hind wings narrower and on fore wings larger.
Expands 1.30 to 1.40. Found in California.

530. PAMPHILA VITELLIUS Sm-Abb.
Orange-patched Skipper.
Clear orange above, both wings bordered with brown, hind wings
widely all around, fore pair, broadly outwardly, more narrowly on lower
margin and very narrowly on upper. Beneath, paler yellow, dusky
along lower margin of fore Aving. Female, similar, but with bordering
wider. Habitat, Georgia, Florida, Southern Texas, Iowa, and Nebraska.

531. PAMPHILA DELAWARE Edw.

Yellow-winged Skipper.

Similar above to P. zabulon, but clear yellow 'below, without bor-
derings nor spots. Female, brown above with a band of about ten pale

Tf

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194

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

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yellow spots crossing end of wing, similar to male beneath. Expands
1.20 to l.o5. Found frym Massachusetts to Florida, and in Illinois,
Kansas, and Montana.

532. PA^IPHILA LAGUS Edw.
Narrow-bordered Skipper.

Yellowish orange above, both Avings narrowly dusky bordced, a
little widest on fore pair. There is a black line at end of cell on fore
wing, and a line above it ; fringes, pale orange. Beneath, as in P. del-
aware. Expands 1.00. Habitat, Western Texas and Southern Cali-
fornia.

538. PAMIIILA BYSSUS Edw.
Byssus Skipper.

Dark glossy brown above, rusty on basal half of upper margin of
fore wings above; orange marked as follows, at end of cell a bar, out-
side this a bent band, extending from upper border to near the lower
margin, widening below to nearly one third the length of wing. Outer
half washed with orange. Hind wing with an orange patch in middle.
Beneath, wholly rusty, spots repeated, indistinctly on fore wing, and
either not at all on hind pair, or very faintly. Female, similar, but the
band on fore wing is narrower and shows more distinctly on hind pair
beneath. Expands I. GO to 1.70. Habitat, Indian River and Texas.

534. PAMPIIILA PHYLACE Edw.

Dark Brown Skipper.

Dark brown on both surfaces unmarked, washed Avith whitish be-
neath, on apex of fore wings and on whole of hind pair. Expands 1.20.
Habitat, Southern Colorado and Arizona.

535. PAMPIIILA OSYKA Edw.
Small Brown Skipper.

Brown on both surfaces, unmarked ; dash, long, depressed in mid-
dle, broadest on under part. Female, similar above, beneath, clear gray,
brown on outer margin of fore wing, where there are three minute, trans-
lucent spots in a line. Expands 1.10. Found in the Gulf States and
at Whiting's Indiana.

53G. PAMPIIILA COMUS Edw.
CoMus Skipper.

Light glossy brown above ; on fore wing three small white spots in
line near apex, below these a still smaller spot; hind wings unspotted.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

105

White-fringed on hind wings, excepting at end of veins, brown on fore
pair. Beneath, paler, spots repeated on fore wing; hind wing wholly
dusted with gray ; on outer margin is a row of five small white dots, two
similar spots on upper margin and one in cell. Expands 1.10. Habi-
tat, Texas and Southern Colorado.

o37. PAMPIIILA EUFALA Edw.
Greenisii-buown Skipper.

Dark greenish brown above; on fore wings are three small white
translucent spots near apex, and two, also small, below these a second
oblong and twice as large as the other one, and usually one or two whit-
ish dots at end of cell. A little paler beneath, apex of fore wings, and
whole of hind pair sprinkled with gray. Female, similar, slightly vio-
let-tinted above and below. Expands 1.10 to 1.20. Found in Florida
and Texas.

638. PAMPIIILA ARABUS Edw.
Arizona Brown Skipper.
Dark glossy brown above ; on fore wings are three small spots in
line, two oblique below, all translucent, below these a white dot and
another in cell; brown-fringed. Beneath, brown, gray on apex of fore
wing and on hind pair, brown in middle of wing. Expands 1.30.
Found in Arizona.

539, PAMPIIILA FUSCA Gr-Rob.

Blackish Skipper.

Greenish black above unspotted, pale fringed. Beneath, over-
washed on apex and outer portion of fore wing and on whole of fore pair
with golden brown scales. Female, similar. Expands 1.15. Found
in the Gulf States.

540. PAMPIIILA NEREUS Edw.

Nereus Skipper.

Dark greenish brown above, with a band of small white spots on
outer margin of fore wings. Brown beneath; apex of fore winrsi, and
whole of hind pair, thickly covered with grayish yellow scales ; ou hind
wings an irregular row of small, indistinct whitish spots, followingmar-
gin around upper border. Female, similar, with spots less conspicuous.
Expands 1.10. Found in Arizona.

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190

NORTH AMERICAN I3UTTERFLIKS.

041. PAMPIIILA IIIANNA Scid.

FCHR-SI'UTTKD JjRUWN ISkII'IIIU.

Dark bro^vu abuve: tlireo spots near aitcxoffurc Avirif^s, one larger
below and another, small, in end of cell, all white. Brown, below, over-
washed with gray at apex of liirc uin;j;s, spots repeated, and there is a
pale curved line in middle of wing; on hind -wing are two small spots
on upper margin. Female, differs in spots being larger, in having in
addition two spots opposite cell on fore wings, and a larger spot bcluw
others on outer portion, and a small spot on hind wing near base. Ex-
pands l.;J() to 1.4."). Found from Massachusetts, (where it is rare) to
Nebraska.

r42. PAMnilLA VIATOR Ei>w.
Viator Skipper.
Dark brown above on fore wing, reddish-tinted. There is a double
yellow spot in end of cell, and a row of spots across Avings. Hind wings
have a broad brown margin, narrowest on inner margin, the remainder
of wing yellow, broken into long si>ots by the veins. Beneath, smoky
on outer margin of fore wing, reddish along ui)per margin and at apex>
spots repeated indistinctly, and sometimes there arc two spots beyond
cell. Female, similar. Expands 1. .")(). Found in the Gulf States and
rarely in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Hamil-
ton, Ontario.

GENUS LIX.
AMBLYSCIRTES. LITTLE BROWN SKIPPERS.
Size, sinalL Color, dark brown with no prominent
markings. Fore wing long, narrow, and somewhat an-
gled. Hind wings, short and rounded. Antennae, long,
with terminal process bent outward at right angles. Type,
A. viALis. ( Plate X, 7. )

543. AMBLYSCIRTES VIALIS Edv,\
Two -SPOTTED Brown Skipper.

Dark brown throughout, purplish-tinged below, with two white dots
near apex of fore wings. Expands .80 to 1.00. Found at Orino, Maine,
and in the Middle, Southern and Western States.

XORTII A An: RTCAN nt'TTEr.FLTES.

1!»7

one larger
jLjw, over-
there is a
nail sjiotr^
having in
;pot below
ase. Ex-
s rare) to

■S a double
.ind wings
remainder
;h, smoky
d at apex.
)ts beyond
States and
ad Ilamil-

IS.

oniinent
rliat an-
te, long,
. Type,

white dots
no, Maine,

514. AMBLYSCIRTES NY8A Ei.w.
Texas Bhown Skiitkr.
Dark brown above, yellow ish-f ringed, with three small transparent
spots m apex of fl)re wing. Paler beneiith, on fore wings, spots repeat-
ed; hind whigs brown, black-clouded; there is a poorly defined band near
outer margin, a patch in middle, and another on upper border, also dark
at base. There are some grayish scales bordering patches near outer
angle. Expands l.lO. Found in Texas.

o45. AMBLYSCIRTES EOS Edw.
Eos Brown Skipper.
Grayish brown above, alternately white and orange-fringed ; three
spots in apex of fore wings. Beneath, also brown, whitish-tingeil on
apex of fore wing, along upper border, and on hind pair. Spots on f ire
wings repeated, with another below, nearer outer margin. On hind
wings a double row of white dots along outer margin, a dot in cell and
another above it. Expands 1.00. Habitat, Texas, Georgia, and Flor-
ida.

546. AMBLYSCIRTES SAINIOSET Scud.
Samoset Skh'per.
Dark brown above, with an interrupted yellowish fringe ; four spots
in apex of fore wings, the upper a little nearer base than the others.
Beneath, brown, overwashed with whitish on hind wings, and on apex
of fore wing; spot on fore wing repeated, enlarged: there is another out-
side the four, two spots of yellowish in center of wing, and two more be-
low these ; hind wings spotted with dusky.

547. AMBLYSCIRTES AENUS Edw.
Aenus Skipper.
Brown above, yellowish-tinted; on fore wings is a series of small
yelloAv spots, beginning on upper margin, near apex and passing around
end of dash, and then back of same to lower margin ; dash represented
by a slight thickening and bulging of the surflice. Fringes white, in-
terrupted by brown. Beneath, darkest toward apex of fore wing, yel-
lowish at bf^se, dusted with grayish. Hind wings dusted with grayish,
and there is a band of small gray spots on outer portion, and two or
three spots towards base. Female, similar, but paler. Expands LIO.
Habitat, Western Texas, Southern California, New Mexico, andAri-
zona.

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198

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

548.

AMBLYSCIRTES SIMIUS Edw.

SiMius Skipper.

Grayish brown above, with a silky gloss. On fore wings is a pale
orange dot at end of cell, and a bent rov- of orange spots across v ing ;
on hind wings a trace of a narrow band. Beneath, orange in cell of fore
wing, grayish on outer portion, spots repeated. Pale yellowish brown
on hind wings, with a whitish band crossing outer portion, and a white
patch at base below cell. Female, paler, spots not as distinct. Ex-
pands .85 to .95. Habitat, Southern Colorado and Arizona.

549. AMBLYSCIRTES CASSUS Edw.

Cassu? Skipper.

On fore wings above, broMn, dusted with orange most thickly along
lower border. Three spots near apex, an oblique row below these, and
a bar r.t end of cell from which a line runs toward base ; all pale orange.
Dash, short, narrow, bent at outer end. Hind wings dull orange with
the upper border dusky. Fore wings below, orange, dusky along lower
margin, gray at a})ex; spots repeated; hind wings dark brown, whitish
overwashed;a row of indisthict whitish spots near outer margin, two
whitish spots near upper angle, two in middle of wing and another at
base. Female, dr Her; spots paler. E.xpands l.(X) to 1.50. Habitat,
Mt. Graham, Arizona.

550. AMBLYSCIRTES NANNO Edw.

Nanno Skipper.

Brown, thickly overwj.shcd with orange ; three white spots in apex
of fore wing, and four small spots in an oblique Hue below these ; on hind
wings a row of small, indistinct spots, yellowish ; fringes of fore wings,
interrupted white, on hind wings, white. Under side of both wings
dark biwvn, much dusted with white, spots on fore wings, repeated, and
an additional spot in cell, hind wings have a curved row of small white
spots beginning near base of upper marj'^in and passing this and around
outer laargin, and a spot in cell. Expands 1.30. Habitat, Arizona.

551. AMBLYSCIRTES TEXTOR Scud.

Eastern Brown Skipper.

Greenish brown above ; on fore wing is an irregular row of six small
angular, white spots, extending from upper border to middle near outer
border, hind wings, unspotted ; whitich-fringed. Beneath, similar, spots
mere distinct with two minulic spots at end of cell on fore wing ; hind
wings with a gi'ayish violet tint, except near lower margin, and there

J.

KOHTII AMERICAN BUTTEEFLIES.

1.99

; is a pale
)ss wing ;
ell of fore
sh brown
id a white
act. Ex-

;kly along
iliese, and
le orange,
ange with
ong lower
I, whitish
,'rgin, two
mother at
Habitat,

ts in apex
e ; on hind
ore wings,
3th wings
ieated,and
nail white
nd around
Arizona.

f six small
near outer
ilar, spots
ing ; hind
and there

is a row of jellowish white spots crossing whig; across end of cell is
another somewhat broken row, the two lines being connected by white
veins. Expands 1.10. Habitat, North Carolina to Texas.

GENUS LX. PYRGUS. CHECKERED SKIPPERS.

Size, small. Colors, dusky checkered with white.
Wings, short and triangular. Antennae, short, Type,
P. TESSALATA. (Plate X. 8.)

552. PYRGUS ERICETORUM Bd.

White Checkee.
\. hite above, with a single row of marginal, arrow-shaped spots
on fore wing, and two or three rows on hind pair. White, below, with
two rows of brownish spots on hind wings, one marginal, the other at
base. Female, blackish above, with two white bands, one of small
arrow-shaped spots marginal, and one in middle of wing, wider and ir-
regular. Habitat, New IMexIco, Arizona, California, and Oregon.

553. PYRGUS OCEANUS Edw.

OcEANUs Checker.
Soiled white above; pale brown at base of wings, on apex of fore
wings, extending to cell, suddenly narrowing there and running to low-
er margin, enclosing a series of whitish crescents; an oblique streak
near apex. Hind wings, clouded with brown along lovrer margin and
on middle. Outer margin narrowly edged with brown, enclosing a se-
ries of whitish serrations on margin. Under side of fore wings white,
discolored with brown on upper and outer margin : four brown spots on
apex, preceded by a short oblique line ; hind wings pale brown, darker
at base and on outer margin. Expands 1.60. Habitat, Arizona.

554. PYRGUS LOCUTJA Hew.

Brown and White Checker.

White above with apex and outer margin brown. At apex is a white
spot, and some minute spots near outer margin. Hind wing with outer
margin and spots at end of veins brown, lieneath on fure wing similar,
on hind pair there is a double spot at base of upper margin, a small spot
on lower margin, and outer margin brown. Expands 1 .20 to 1.50. Hab-
itat, Texas.

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NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERILIES.

6oo. PYRGUS NEARCIIUS Ei/W.

Arizona Ciieker.

Upper side broAvnish black, grayish at base ; on. fore wings is a row
of white dots and an incomplete sub-marginal row, distinct only next
inner margin ; on upper margin is a line of four white spots, outside
these a double spot, and below this another spot ; crossing both wings
is a broad while band, on hind wings is a row of sub-marginal crescents ;
black and white fringed. Lower side pale greenish brown, spots repeat-
ed, upper margin whitish, hind wings clouded with greenish brown and
whitish. Expands 1.20. Habitat, Arizona.

556. PYRGUS TESSELATA Sc.^.

Tesselated Checker.

Plate X, 8.

Brown above, brown and white fringed, four rows of white spots on
fore wing, three on hind pair, the first outer dots, second larger, and the
third large and nearly confluent. Beneath, paler, with spots enlarged.
Expands l.CX)to l.o5. Habitat. Pennsylvania to the Gulf of Mexico
and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, also British America.

557 PYRGUS CENTAUREAE Ramb.

Black Checker.

Black above, brown-tinged ; a bar at end of coll on fore wings, a
less distinct spot in cell and a sub-marginal row of spots and five spots
on upper margin, all white. Hind wings with two obscure rows of white
spots ; a little paler beneath, spots repeated on fore wing, enlarged ; on
hind wings are three rows of spots. Expands 1.25." Habitat, New
Y^ork, West Virginia, Colorado, and Labrador.

558. PYRGUS PHILETAS Edw.
Texas Checker.

Similar to P. icsselata above, and below on fore wings : hind wings
beneath differ in being yellowish, in having no central band, the basal
two-thirds of wing being whitish with a few brown dots and streaks, on
outer margin are three rows of minute spots. Expands 1.20. Habi-
tat, Western Texas.

55.9. PYGUS COESPITABIS Bd.
Two-banded Checker.
Black above, with two bands of white spots, and two white spots

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFTJEP.

201

gs IS a row
only nexo
ts, outside
)oth wings
crescents;
Dts repeat-
brown and

;e spots on

iY, and the

enlarged.

of Mexico

J wings, a
five spots
rs of white
larged ; on
titat, New

lind wings
, the basal
streaks, on
10. Habi-

near base of fore wings. Beneath, paler, spots enlarged. Expands
1.25. Habitat, Calorado, Nevada, Colifornia, and Ore

gon.

560.

rhite spots

PYRGUS XANTIIUS Edw.
Xanthus Checker.
Pale black above, white spotted; on fjre wings a sub-marginal row,
and a row within this ; a spot at end of cell. On hind wings a margi-
nal row of spots, and another within this, in cell, a streak." Beneath,
dusky, grayish tinged; spots repeated, greatly enlarged and confluent ;'
at base of cell on hind wing is a white spot. Expands .80. Habitat'
Southern Colorado.

501. PYRGUS SCRIPTURA Bd.

Small Checker.
Size, small. Brown above, with rows of small white spots, two
white spots near base of fore wings. Under side of fore wings, whitish
with spots distinct. Habitat, California, Arizona, and Montana.

562. PYRGUS NESSUS Edw.
Nessus Checker.
Pale brown above ; a black band crosses both wings, formed of lon-
gitudinal stripes, one to each interspace, and a narrow, more confluent
band crosses basal area of hind wing; along outer margin is a dash of
gray, in each interspace, not distinct. Three triangular spots on upper
margin, and three others half way to apex. On middle of wing are two
marks, forming a V-shaped spot, not quite joined at angle ; hind wings
have a similar spot near outer angle. Paler beneath, with spots repeat-
ed. Expands 1.00 to 1.10. Habitat, Coast to San Antonio, Texas.

GENUS LXI. NISONIADES. BANDED SKIPPERS.
Size, small to medium. Colors dark, nearly black
with no prominent markings. Fore wings, triangular ; hind
wings, rounded. Antennae, with club curved. Fore wing
of male furnished with a groove along basal portion, which
is capable of opening. Tyi-k N. juvenalsis. ( Plate X, 9.)

5G3. NISONIADES BRIZO Bd-Lec.
Bluish Sku^per.
Dark brown above. Fore wings with two double, black bands, blu-
ish centered; space between the two, yellowish, and between the outer

I IIWJ

202

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

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and margin are two rows of indistinct yellowish dots. Hind wings, w^ith
two rows of pale orange spots. Pale brown beneath, with three rows of
pale orange spots on fore wing, the inner whitish, and two on hind pair.
Expands 1.40 to 1.70. Habitat, Atlantic to Rocky Mountains, Colora-
do, Arizona, British America, Ontario, and Quebec. Occurs in May.
Fig. 57, e.

5G4. NISONIADES ICELUS
Small Bluish Skipper.

Similar to N. brizo, but is smaller, without light spaces on fore
wings above; bands composed of spots, and there is one row only of spots
on hind wings, and this is indistinct ; beneath, are two rows on each
wing. Expands 1.15 to 1.25. Habitat, New England to Michigan,
Illinois, Florida, Colorado, Arizona, Washington, and Ontario. Occurs
in early May in New England. Fig. 57, f

565. NISONIADES SOMNUS Lint.

SoMNUS Skippeb.

Size of N. icelus but darker, with two rows of paler spots showing
on hind wings above, otherwise similar to icelus. Expands 1.30 to 1.40.
Habitat, Indian River, Florida.

5C)6.

NISONIADES LUCILIUS Lint.
Five-spotted Skipper.

Size of N. icelus, but darker with three minute spots near apex of
fore wing, one below them, and one in end of cell, all more clearly seen
below. Expands 1.30 to 1.40. Habitat, New England, Middle and
Western States. Occurs in May. Fig. 57, g.

567. NISONIADES PERSIUS Scud.

Six-spotted Skipper.
Similar to N. lucilius, differs in having three larger, more elongated
spots in apex of fore wing, a minute one above these, and two below,
none at end of cell. Expands 1.40 to 1.50. Habitat, New England to
Montana, Washington, Colorado, and Ncav Mexico. Fig. 57, h.

568. NISONIADES ALllIEUS Edw.

Alpheus Skipper.
Similar to N. persons, but differs in having three spots near apex
of fore wing, the middle of which is a little nearer the margin than the
other two, and beneaih these is a minute spot rather nearer margin

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

203

ing3,"with
ee rows of
hind pair.

is, Colora-
•8 in May.

es on fore
ily of spots
rs on each
Michigan,
>. Occurs

ts showing
.30 to 1.40.

ear apex of
;learly seen
Middle and

•e elongated
two below,
England to
)7,h.

;s near apex
gin than the
irer margin

than any of the others, below all is a rather indistinct dot. Expands
1.10 to 1.20. Habitat, New Mexico, Arizona and Nevada.

569. NISONIADES AUSONIUS Lint.
Southern Brown Skipper.
Similar to N. perseus, but lacks the spots in apex of fore wing.
Expands 1.00. Habitat, Middle States and West Virginia.

670. NISONIADES MARTIALIS Scud.
Dark-banded Skipper.
Differs from N. perseus in being very dark above, nearly black, in
having four spots in apex of fore wing, upper minute, one at end of cell
and two below, all these forming a kind of rude circle which encloses a
lighter patch ; on hind wings the spots are very distinct, in two rows,
and there is a bar at end of cell. Expands 1.40 to 1.70. Habitat, At-
lantic States to Florida, Mississippi Valley, Kansas, and Colorado.

571. NISONIADES AFRANIUS Lint.
Dark Skipper.

Dark as in N. martialis, with four spots in a line in apex of fore
■wing, two in cell with some grayish scales in space occupied by the whit-
ish patch in N. martialis. Two rows of pale spots on hind wings. Ex-
pands 1*20. Habitat, Southern Colorado and Arizona.

572. NISONIADES JUVENALIS Harr.

Seven-spotted Skipper.

Larger and paler than the last, with seven spots on fore wings as
in the Plate X, 7. Spots, large. Only an indication of a bar at end of
cell on hind wing above. Expands l.-^.") to 1.55. Habitat, Atlantic
States to Florida, Mississippi Valley, Colorado, Arizona, Ontario, and
Quebec. Occurs with others in May.

573. NISONIADES' PETRONIUS Lint.

Florida Brov/n Skipper.

Similar to N. juvenalis, but differs in being larger, spots on fore

wing smaller, and the four spots at apex are not quite in line, the third

being nearer base than the others. Expands l.iJO to 2.00. Habitat,

Indian River, Florida.

204

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

if:

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ill

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574- NISONIADES PROPERTIUS Scud-Burg.

California Brown.

Closely allied to N. juvenalis, but differs in having the outer line
of arrow-shaped spots on fore wing more oblique, that is the lowest is
nearer the base of the wing than the others, and of the four white spots
in apex of fore wing, one, two, and four are in line, but the third is near-
er the base, wh le the spot in cell is smaller. Habitat, California.

575. NISONIADES NAEVIUS Lint.

Naevius Brown.

Allied to N. juvenalis, but much darker, nearly black, four minute
spots in apex of fore wings, the fourth sometimes missing, one spot be-
low, and none in cell. Expands 1.45 to 1.G5. Habitat, Indian Biver,
Florida.

576. NISONIADES PACUVIUS Lint.

Western Brown.

Similar to N. niartialis; four spots in apex of fore wings, upper a
mere dot, two below those, and below them are two white spots not glas-
sy. Fringes on fore wing, brown, pure white on hind pair.

577. NISONIADES TACITUS Edw,
Margined Brown.

Near N. perseus, but differs in having four silvery spots in a zig-
zag line at apex of furewing, one below these and one obscure at end of
cell, outer margin pure brown, free from white scales. Expands 1.60.
Found in Arizona.

578. NISONIADES CLITUS Edw.

Clitus Brown.

Allied to N. tacitus, differs in l)eing so much dusted wich white
above, and clothed with long white hairs as to greatly obscure the groud
color. Tliere are four glassy spots in apex of fore wing, three in a straight
Ihie, the fourth a little nearer base, a dot below, and one at end of cell.
Expands 1.50 to 1.60.

570. NISONIADES FUNERALIS Scud.-Burg.
MouRNiN(} Brown.
Similar to N. neavius, darker above with markings inconspicuous,
there are a few white spots on terminal portion of fore wings, four small

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

205

white spots in apex and a larger one below ; one at end of cell ; no &pots
on hind Avinj^s above, spotted below as in N. brizo. Expands 1,75.
Found in Texas, Arizona, and Southern California.

580. NISONIADES TRISTIS Bd.
Sad Brown.

Closely allied to N. funeralis, but differs in the presence of a spot
in cell, and in the fringes of hind wings being grayer, not pure white.
Found in California and Arizoaa.

GENUS LXII. PHOLISORA. BLACK SKIPPERS.

Size, small. Colors, very dark, with no prominent
markings. Fore wings, rather angular. Hind wings, short
and rounded. Club of antennae, slightly bent. Type P.
CATULUs. ( Plate X, 10.)

581. PHOLISORA CATULUS Fab.

White-lotted Black.

Blackish above, paler below. There is a sub-marginal series of

white dots on fore wings, and a series of five near apex. Spots larger

beneath; body dotted Avitn white. Expands 1.10 to 1.20. Habitat,

whole of the United States.

582. PHOLISORA PIRUS Edw.
Six-?roTTED Black.
Dark glossy brown above, tinged with reddish below ; three small
yellow spots on fore wing near apex, and two dots below them, and an-
other near end of cell; spots repeated below. Expands 1.00. Habi-
tat, Southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.

583. PHOLISORA CEOS Edw.

Ceos Black.

Dark blackish brown above, with a few scattering whitish scales,

two indistinct bands on outer margin of fore wings, and there are two

white dots near apex : beneath, a little paler, spots sometimes repeated,

sometimes not. Expands 1.15.

584. PHOLISORA IIAYHUSTH Edw.
Hayiiust's Black.
Blackish brown above. Both wings crossed by two bands of a deep-
er color ; two white dots near apex and one below these ; beneath, a little

I

200

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

i

«l

paler. Expands 1.00 to 1.10, Habitat, West Virginia to Kansas, Flor-
ida, Texas, and New Mexico.

585. PIIOLISORA LENA Edw.

Lena's Black.

Glossy dark brown above ; fore wings with three small spots near
apex ; a small spot in cell, and three minute spots on outer portion of
wing. Beneath, dusky, grayish on apex of fore wing and on hind pair.
Expands 1,10. Habitat, Montana.

GENUS LXIL SYSTASEA. GRAYS.
Generally similar to Nisoniades. Colors, brighter.
Wings, broader.

586. SYSTASEA ZAMPA Edw.

Zampa Gray-winq.
Pale grayish above, mottled with faint greenish, a line of small,
connected glassy spots cross both wings, and half way to apex on fore
pair is a bar of three similar spots. "Whitish beneath, brown and gray-
ish mottled, markings repeated, and in addition, neaf er base of hind pair
are two indistinct spots, one in middle, the other on upper margin. Ex-
pands 1.20. Habitat, Arioznaand Texas.

GENUS LXHL EUDAMUS. TAILED SKIPPERS.

Size, medium to large. Wings, broad ; hind pair fur-
nished with a more or less prominent tail. Club of anten-
nae bent into an elongated hook. Type E. pylades. ( Plate
X, 11.)

587. EUDAMUS ELECTRA Edw.

Northern Tailed Skipper.

Similar to E. pylades, eleven spots on fore wings, two near end of
cell, two in cell, and below them two, larger outside these, five others in
an irregular curve. Expands 1.50. Habitat, Hamilton, Ontario.

6S8. EUDAMUS PYLADES Sm-Abb.
Brown-tail.
Dark brown above, with bronzy reflections, these are three brown-
ish glassy spots near apex, three more within these also on upper mar-
gin and in the male three more below, forming a triangle on outer por-
tion of wing; female has two or three more. Beneath, paler, on outer

NORTH AMERICAN I3UTTERFLIES.

207

portion of wings, spots repeated on fore pair ; hind pair crossed by two
double bands. Expands 1.25 to l.GO. Ilabitat, New England to Flor-
ida, Dakota, Colorado, California, Ontario, and Quebec.

Fig. oG.
0 f i 1

a d g j

Illustrating the genus Pamphila; upper side, fure whiK; n, sassacus; li, motea (lower side hind
■wing) ; c, leonardus : b, brettus; e, huron ; f, pyhules : g, ntlio ; h, mystic ; i, cerncs ; j, manataaqua;
li, metacomet : 1, accius.

589. EUDAMUS NEVADA Scud.
Nevada Brown.
Quite like E. pylades, but much smaller, and the under surface is
very delicately marked with short, transverse lines of white, giving the
outer halfofwings a hoary appearance. Expands 1.10. Habitat, Tex-
as, Colorado, and Nevada.

590. EUDAMUS BATIIYLLUS Sm-Abb.
White-spotted Tailed Brown.

Quite like E. pylades, but the spots are larger, f)rming a nearly
continuous, oblique band from the upper to near the lower margin on
fore wing, which is narrower, Fig. 58, a. Expands 1.25 to 1.50. Hab-
itat, West Virginia to Florida, Kansas and New Mexico ; rare in New
England.

1 1

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NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

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591. EUDAMUS MOSCHUS Edw.
Mosciius Brown-wing.

Glossy brown, with nine whitish, glassy spots on fure wing, four in
apex, three across middle in an oblique line, one in cell, and another
above this. Under side of both wings brown, mottled with dashes about
apex of fore wmgs and crossed by two black bands, and an additional
half band on hind pair, spots on fore wings, repeated. Expands 1.30
to 1.70. Habitat, Arizona.

5f)2. EUDAMUS IIIPPALTUS Edw.
Arizona Brown-wing.

Quite like E. moschus, diifers in having smaller spots, and in being
more heavily washed with white below. Expands l.oO. Habitat, Ari-
zona.

593. EUDAMUS DRUSIUS Edw.
Drusius Brown-wing.

Upper side, glossy brown, with eight glassy spots on fore wing; four
in apex, three below, and one at right angles with the lowest of the three.
Dark brown beneath ; spots repeated. Expands 1.70. Habitat, South-
ern Arizona.

594. EUDAMUS EPIGENA B'tl.

Epigena Brown-wing.

Blackish brown above, with nine glassy spots ; three in apex, three
in an oblique line below, with a fourth at right angles, two in middle of
upper margin. Lower side brown, spot m fore wings repeated, dark
brown of hind wings crossed by two black hands with irregular outlines,
outer margin, broadly bordered with white. Expands 2-00 to 2.10.
Habitat, Texas and Arizona.

595. EUDAMUS LYSIDUS Sm-Abb.

Glaucous Brown-wing.
Large ; brown above, white-fringed, in middle of four wings are four
reddish buft', glassy spots. Fig. 78, e. Beneath, paler, spots on fore
wings repeated, mottled with black on hind pair, and there is a large
patch of silvery white an outer border. Expands 1.50 to 2.00. Habi-
tat, Massachusetts, where it is rare, to the Gulf of Mexico, and Missis-
sippi Valley.

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. 209

500. EUDAMUS CELLUS Bd.Lec.

Yellow-banded Brown-wing.

Blackish brown above, fore wings crossed by a broad continuous
band of yellow, and three spots and a dot in apex ; blackish-frin<fed, low-
er side, fore Avings similar to upper, gfayish on outer portion ; hind wings,
purplish brown, with three irroi^ular, rather indistinct, darker ])rown
bands; on outer margin is a series of deep brown crescents, surrounded
by scattering pale blue scales. Expands 1 !)0 to 2.00. Habitat, West
Virginia to the Gulf of Mexico, Texas and Arizona.

597. EUDAMUS IIESUS West-IIew.

Reddish Brown-wing.

Large; light reddish brown above ; in center of fore wing is a clus-
ter of three light buff spots, arranged as in P'ig. 58, b, and two smaller
in apex ; below these, two black dots and two more black dots in middle
of lower side ; hind wings with a row of sub-marginal black spots and
another row at base. Expands 2.25. Habitat, Texas.

598. EUDAMUS ZESTOS Edw.

Yellow-spotted Brown-wing .

Quito like above to T, tityrus, band on fore wing slightly wider be-
low; beneath, strongly tinged with purplish, and the white spot is en-
tirely absent on hind wings, being represented by a pale band only.
Expands 2.00 to 2.40. Habitat, San Marco Island and Sanford, Flori-
da, also Bahamas and Southward.

509. EUDAMUS TITYRUS Fab.
Silver-spotted Br>owN-wiNG.
Brown above, with an oblique band of four reddish buff spots on
fore wing a square spot beyond these and three spots in apex. Beneath
paler, washed with whitish on outer margin, spots repeated on fore wing,
and a large silvery white patch (ju hind pair, Fig. 58, b. Expands 2. 1 0
to 2.40. Habitat, British America, Ontario, Quebec and, Southward.

600. EUDA]MUS PROTEUS Linn.

Tailed Brown-wing.
Tails on hind wings greatly elongated. Fig. 58, d. Brown above,
fore wings with an oblique band of brownish glassy spots, a square one
outside these, and another bandoffuur small spots in apex; hind wings

1

210

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

'i' :'

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M
m

i
1;

clothed with greenish hairs along lower margin. Beneath paler, with
strong purplish reflection, a marginal band on hind wings including tail,
a sub-marginal band on both wings, joining marginal at inner angle on
hind pair, and three or four spots at base of hind wings, all dark brown.
Expands 1.60 to 2.00. Habitat, Southern States, rarely in New York
and Southern New England.

GOl. EUDAMUS ALBOFASCIATUS Hew.

WHITE-BAXDED LoNd-TAIL.

Tail long ; similar to E. proteus above, spots in band, smaller and
three spots only in apex, similar beneath on fore wing, gray at apex and
marked with a triangular brown spot. Hind wing dark brown, crossed
obli iU( ly by ,, central band of white and a sub-marginal band of gray.
Expands 2.00. Habitat, Texas.

G02. EUDAMUS DORCUS Edw.

DCKCUS' L0n(i-TAIL.

Tails, long; similar to E. proteus, but (lifters mainly in having a line
of whitish spots on hind wings above, and tlie hairs are dark gray.
Much overwashed witli whitish beneath, and there are two narrow black-
ish bands on hind wings connected by a ligament below cell. Expands
2.(»0. Habitat, Arizona.

G03. EUDAMUS SIMPLICIUS Stoll.
Plain Long-tail.
Quite similar to E. proteus, but there are no spots on fore wings
above, and two hands only on hind pair below, the outer of which does
not include tail. Expands, 1 .2;"). Habitat, Texas and Arizona.

GENUS LXIV. ACHLYODES. ALLIES.
Size, medium. Colors, dark. Hind wings with the
mner angle produced. Club, bent.

004. ACHLYODES THRASO Hub.

TlIRASO SkII'PER.

Dark brown above, purplish-tinted ; fore wings crossed by a ben
brown band, and there is an indistinct sub-marginal band of spots. I
wings, blackish, crossed near middle by two rows of indistinct b <
spots. Brown beneath, grayish at apex of fore wings, unspotted. Ex-
pands LGO. Found in Texas.

NOUTII AMERICAN BUTTEHFLIES.

211

GENUS LXV. ERYCIDES. GREEN SKIPPERS.
Size, large. Colors, dark, visually marked with green-
ish. Form quite similar to that of the large species of Eu-
damus. Type E. urama. (Plate X, 12.)

G05. ERYCIDES URANIA West-IIewt.

Clear-spotteu Green-wing.
Blackish above, white-fringed : a sul>marginul row of metallic green-
ish spots on both wings, and within them are long green lines in each
interspace. On fore wings are tliree spots in a band, two outside them,
and a triangular cluster of five in apex, all perfectly transparent. Be-
neath, spots repeated on fore wings, but with less greenish. ; darker on
hind pair where the green is intensified and condensed into four bands
of spots. Expands 2.25. Habitat, Texas and Southward.

GOG. ERYCIDES TEXANA Scud.
Texas Green-wing.
Similar to E. urania, but lacks the green markings of upper sur-
face of fore wings and the green of hind wings is lighter. Expands
9 9."

.Z'O.

Habitat, Texas.

GOT. ERYCIDES SANGUINEA Scud.
Red-spotted Green-wing.
Blackish above ; in cell of fore wing is a blood red spot and another
smaller, above it; base of fore wings streaked with metallic blue; white-
fringed on both wings. Lower surface, similar. Expands 2.10. Hab-
itat, Texas.

G08. ERYCIDES BATABANO Lef
Bluish Green-wing.
Above, smoky brown strongly violet-tinted, fore wings without mark-
ings ; hind wings with a sub-marginal scries of elongated bluish green
spots. Beneath, on fore wings paler, purplish-tinted, a little greenish
along upper margin and on base: hind wings similar to above, but deep-
er in color. Expands 2.30 to 2.G0. Habitat, Florida and Cuba.

600. ERYCIDES AMYNTAS Far.
Key West Skipper.
Dark brown above, with strong purplish reflections, a white glassy
bar extends asross cell of fore wing, below this is a larger spot, and an-

I"

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212

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERILIES.

other below this; near apex is a row of three small spots. Beneath
spots of fore wings repeated, along upper border, apex, and outer mar-
gin of fore wing, and the entire surface of hind pair, excepting two bands
of spots and the inner angle, rich purple ; remainder of surface dark
brown. Expands 2.00, Habitat, Key West, Florida.

GENTJS liXVI PYKRIIOPYGA. YELLOWISH SiaPPERS.

Size, Large. Colors, rather bright. Fore wings round-
ed at apex. Hind wings with hiner angle produced a lit-
tle. Club, bent.

610. PYKRHOPYGA ARAXES Hew.
Oci.EUY Skipper.
Dark brown above, along outer margin of both wings ; on fore pair
are ten c,lassy yellow spots, three near apex, a fourth near these toward
base, three in a band below these and three on end of cell. LoAver side
of both wings yellow ochre, excepting outerhalf of fore wings and along
outer border of hind wings ; spots repeated. Expands 2.10. Habitat.
Arizona and Southward.

GENUS LXVH. MEGATHYMUS. MOTH-LH^E SKIPPERS.

Size, large. Colors, dull yellowish. Fore wings, nar-
row and rounded at apex. Hind wings, oval ; body, thick
and moth"Lke. Club of antennae, slightly bent.

611. MEGATHYMUS YUCCAE Bd-Lec.

Yucca Skipper.

Deep umber above, base of both wings tin •^ed with yellow, fore wings
marked with yellow as in Fig. oO, a. Hind wings unmarked in male,
with four dots near outer border in female; brown beneath, brighter
thau above, outer portions of both wings pearly gray, with a patch of the
same in middle of upper border of hind wing and a white crescent below
it, spots of fore wings repeated. Expands 2.50 to 3.00. Found in
Southern States, New Mexico, and Arizona.

612. MEGATHYMUS COFAQUI Str.

Strecker's Moth Skipper.

Quite like M. yuccae, but differs in having five spots only on outer
portion of fore wing, and in being more yellow at base. The female

»^.Jt

NOKTII AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

213

has the spots in the cell of fore wing joined to those below. Expands
2.25 to 2.G0.

Fig. 57.

e f g h

Iliubtrating the genus Xisonlades : upper side fore wing; e, brizo: f icelus , g, luciUua : h, per-

seiia*

613. MEGATIIYMUS NEUMOEGENII Edw.
Neumoegen's Moth Skipper.

Upper margin of fore wing brown, both wings with a broad black
border, on upper margin beyond cell is a black patch which extends to
middle vein, and there comes in contact with a larger patch, between
this and the border is a broad orange band, extending quite across wing
but restricted opposite cell ; on upper margin is an orange patch before
the black patch. Hind wings with the center black, much concealed
by long orange hairs, and between this and border is a light band; Dark
brown beneath, overwashed with grayish on apex of fore wing, orange
band repeated, replaced by white on upper portion, black patch on up-
per border repeated. Hind wings brown, overwashed with grayish,
with a white spo t near base, otherwise unmarked. Female has rather
more orange. Expands 1.00 to 2.20. Habitat, Arizona.

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APPENDIX.

The following species of Butterflies have been omitted from the
body of the work through various reasons.

loa. Papilio turnus austraus, similar to typical P. turnus but
much darker in color, the yellow being as dark as that of P. cresphontes,
and there is very little blue above. This is the form of which mention
is made on Page 12. Size, large.

38c. PiERis RAPAE IMMAOULATA Skinner, differs from the type in
the entire absence of spots from both surfaces. Habitat, given as
Pennsylvania, but early spring specimens taken in Newton, Massachu-
setts, are not only without spots above, but are also almost entirely with
out markings of any description, and the black at apex is restrictedto
the extreme edge of the wing and the spots below are represented by a
few scales.

59- KRICOGONIA LANACE Lint.
Lintner's Yellow and White Butterfly.

Similar toK. lyside, but lighter yellow at base of both wingsabove,
there is no indication of a spot at end of central cell on either wing, but
there is a band of faintly defined dusky spots crossing hind wing beneath
Expands l.GO. Habitat, Rio Grande, Texas.

02. Colias meadii, to description add the following; female, dif-
fers in having the central spot on fore wings more prominent and light
centered, and in having a row of orange spots on the black bordering of
both wings. Expands 1.70 to 1.90. Habitat, Mountains of Colorado,
Montana, and New Mexico. Occurs in July.

620 COLIAS ELIS Strec.
Elis Butterfly.
Closely allied to C. meadii, but much more overwashed with green-
ish and the size is larger. Expands 1.80 to 2.30. Habitat, British
Columbia.

[21o]

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216

APPENDIX TO NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

I f

67. Colias hageni, Mr Edwards now considers the same as C. er-
iphyle !

90a. Terias lisa clappii, like typical T. iisa, but the black bor-
der of hind wing above is confined to a small spot in upper angle in the
male, and in the female to several spots along outer border. I have con-
cluded to indicate this well marked form of T. lisa as above. Specimens
of these butterflies were obtained by my friend, Mr. E. B. Clapp, of Dor-
chester, at Enterprise, Florida, in 1889.

93*. TERIAS BLAKEI.
Blake's Butterfly.

About the size and form of T. lisa. Male, greenish white above,
narrow border to apex of fore wings and a spot on upper angle of hind
pair, dusky ; beneath more yellow tinted. Apex of fore wings, basal
portion of upper border, spot on upper angle of hind pair, and faint band-
ings on latter, rather bright purplish red. The larger spots on both wings
are prereced by a dusky spot. Female, similar, with the dark spot above
on hind wing a little larger. Expands 1.10 to 1.20. I have named
this fine species which I cannot find discribed anywhere, for Sir Hen-
ry Arthur Blake, Governor of Jamaica, as a slight token of my appre-
ciation ot his kindness in aidiyfr me in my scientific researches during
one of my trips to the Bahamas, at which time he was Governor there.
It is common on all of the Bahamas which I visited, in company with
two or three other species of the genus, and I have a female in my col-
lection which I obtained at Sandford, Florida, Oct. 1st., 1887.

134^*. ARGYNNIS ATOSSA Edw.

Pale Buff-wing.

Nearest to A. adiante, but very pale above; outer row of markings
on hind wings is nearly obsolete, and quite disappear on hind pair,
there being one basal row and the C-shaped mark in cell remaining and
these are very faint. Beneath, very pale buff, orange on base of fore
wings, in which the black markings show clearly, outside this are no
markings and those on hind wings are faintly visible only. Expands
1.80 to 2.80. This is the palest of all the species in the genus. Taken
by Mr. II. K. Burrison in Southern California, July, 1889.

^^

APPENDIX TO NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

217

as C. er-

)lack bor-
gle in the
bave con-
pecimens
p,ofDor-

ite above,
e of hind
igs, basal
lint bancl-
Dth wings
pot above
^e named
Sir Hen-
ny appre-
es during
nor there.
3any with
in my col-

markings
hind pair,
lining and
ase of fore
his are no
Expands
s. Taken

159». MELITAEA AUGUSTA Edw.
Augusta's Checker.
Similar to M. chalcedon, but the red predominates ; first a margi-
nal band of small red spots, second, yellow crescents, red ringed, third,
either wholly yellow, or yellow with red edges, on hind wings whollv
red ; fourth, red, yellow on hind wings. At end of cell are four or five
yellow spots. Two yellow spots below cell, with black between, two yel-
low spots in cell, with a red line between them. Beneath, red, yellow
spots repeated much enlarged; outside cell is a large red spot, heavily
black-edged ; hind wings have margin red, second row yellow, third, red,
fourth, yellow, then red to base. Expands 1.60 to 2.20.

IGS'-. MELITAEA BRUCEII Edw.
Bruce's Checker.
Dark brown, common marginal band red, in some, yellow in others,
or partly red and partly yellow; third row, red on fore wings and yellow
on hind pair, on hind pair the reverse. In one form the red predomi-
nates, in another, the yellow. Expands l.oO to 1.70. Habitat, Mon-
tana, Washington, and British America, in the Rocky Mountains.

m

'vJ***

MELITAEA TAYLORI Edw.
Taylor's Checker.
Similar to M. rubicunda, but smaller, spots beneath white, or white
yellow-tinted. Expands 1.70 to 1.80. Habitat, Vancouver's Island.

Note on Phyciodes, P. camillus and its two sub-species, pallada
and mata, have been taken at Banf, Canada, by Mr. H. K. Burrison.

20i. Synchloe adjutrix, an additional description is as follows.
Black above, with a sub-marginal row of white dots, two at end of cell,
two above these, a little nearer base, one in cell, one above and one be-
low it, these three forming an oblique line. On hind wings is a large
chestnut patch, with a black dot in cell. Beneath, spots on fore wings
repeated, enlarged, two extra at base and three only on outer margin.
On hind wings a row of sub-marginal yellow spots, then a row of white
dots ; then a band of chestnut red on lower two-thirds of wing against
a ocherous yellow patch, that occupies base and contains three rows of
black spots. Expands 2.50.

11

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218

APPENDIX TO NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

235-. VICTORINA STENELES LmN.
Green-banded Butterfly.
Size, large, outer margin of wings scalloped. Hind wings, with a
short tail. Black above with grass green markings as follows; a sub-
marginal band of round spots on both wings, followed by a wide band,
broken on upper part of fore wing into a double row, then continuous
across hind pair. On lower side spots repeated, enlarged, covering a
large portion of the surface, the ground color is yellowish white. Hab-
tat. West Indies, Mexico, Central America to Brazil, and Florida.

258*. NEONYMPIIA MITCIIELLII French.

Mitchell's Quaker.

Similar to N. areolatus, but differs in always having four eye spots

on lower side of fore wings and six on hind pair, and all circular, not

oval. Transverse lines on hind wings below brownish yellow. Expands

1.20 to 1.30. Habitat, Cass County, Michigan.

27C)a. Erebia epipsodea sine-occellata Skinner. Differs in
having the bright orange patch on fore wing above, divided into four
sections, and the two black dots are without the surrounding white.
Habitat, Qu'appele, North West Territory.

37G. THECLA SHERIDANII Edw.
Sheridan's Butterfly.
Size and form of T. dumetorum. Plain black above. Lower side
of both wings green; crossing both wings is a narrow white band. Ex-
pands 1.10. Habitat, Montana.

446. LYCAENA STRIATA Edw.

Striped Blue.

Yellowish orange above, bordered by a fine black line on which rests
black crescent-shaped spots. Beneath, fore wing orange on basal half,
black spot at end of cell ; black markings repeated, paler, and six upper
sub-marginal spots arc slightly silvered. Hind wings, yellowish buff,
brownish at base. There are three rows of spots crossing hind wings,
the larger of which are well silvered. In cell is a red spot. Female,
paler above, yellowish orange tinged.

i

APPENDIX TO NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

219

1, with a
3; a sub-
ie band,
itinuous
vering a
I. Hab-
ida.

3ye spots
ular, not
Expands

)iffers in
into four
ig white.

o04«. PAMPHILA BARACOA Luc.
Intermediate Skipper.

Similar to P. cemes in general markings, size larger, and colors
much deeper, the orange is restricted above dash at both ends leaving
a brown space between it and the three dots in apex. Expands l.in.
Habitat, Cuba and Florida. This species has been re-described by-
French as P. myus.

o84<». PHOLISORA LIBYA Scud..

Libya Black-wing.

Dark glossy brown above, greenish-tinged ; at apex are three white
spots, and an inconspicuous white spot below them. Beneath pale, mark-
ings on fore wings repeated ; a band of white spots crosses hind wings.
Expands 1.00. Found in Utah.

61a. CoLiAS caesonia rosea Mc Neal, similar to type but with
the apex of fore wings below and hind wings much suffused with pink,
from a single specimen taken at Melen, Illinois.

Fig. 59.

)wer side
nd. Ex-

hich rests
lasal half,
six upper
wish buff,
nd wings.
Female,

MegathymuB yuccae, upper Bide fore wing, female.

J

I

i

■is

INDEX.

i

Achlyodes, 210

thraso, 210
Amblyscirtes, 196

aenus, 197

cassus, 198

eos, 197

nanno, 198

nysa, 197

samoset, 197

simius, 198

textor, 198

vialis, 196
Anartia, 95

jatrophae, 95
Ancyloxyphia, 169

numitor, 16.')
Anthocharis, 25

ausonides, 27

cethura, 27

creusa, 25

eenutia, 29

hyantis, 26

Julia, 29

lanceolata, 25

morrisoni, 26

olympia, 26

pima, 29

reakirtii, 28

rosa, 27

sara, 28

Stella, 28

tliDOsa, 28
Apatura, 103

alicea, 104

antonia, 104

celtis, 103

clyton, 104

codes, 105

flora. 105

leilia. 105
Appendix, 215
Argynriis, 50

adiante, 61

alberta, 65

alcestris, 54

aphrodite, 54
artonis, 61
atlantis, 55
atossa, 216
bellona, 66
behrensii, 57
bischoffii, 62
bremnerii, 56
butlerii, 64
callippe, 58
chariclear, 64
chitone, 58
clio, 61
Columbia, 55
coronis, 58
cybele, 53
cypris, 54
diana, 51
edwardsii, 59
egleis, 63
electa, 55
epithore, GQ
erinna, 62
eurjTiome, 62
freva, 65
frigga, 66
halcyone, 51
helena, 63
hesperis, 56
idalia, 51
improba, 66
inornata, 60
irene, 60
lais, 55
laura, 60
leto, 52
liliana, 59
macaria,60
myrina, 63
montinus, 64
inonticola, 57
moniviaga, 62
nausicaa, 58
nevadensis, 58
nictocris, 52

nokomis, 52

opis, 61

polaris, 65

rhodope, 67

rupestris, 60

semiramis, 61

triclaris, 63

zer ene, 5G
Agraulis, 49

vanillae, 49
Calephelis, 128

australis, 129

borealis, 128

caenius, 128

nemesis, 129
Callidrjas, 30

agarithe, 32

eubule, 30

philea, 32

sennae, 31
Carterocephalus, 168

mandan, 169

omaha, 169
Chionobas, 120

calls, 121

crambis, 124

chryxus, 121

ffigas, 120

induna, 120

invalida, 121

nevadensis, 121

semidea, 123

subhyallina, 124

tarpera, 123

taj'gete, 123

uhleri, 122

varuna, 122
Chrysophanes, 147

adrienne, 153

arota, 148

clione, 150

dorcas, 152

edithia, 149

epixanthe, 152

fasciata, 153

ii

; ^i^ i

222

florus, 152
gorgon, 150
Helloides, lol
hermes, 149
hypophleas, 153
niariposa, 151
rubidus, 15-4
sirius, 155
snowi, 154
thoe, 150
virginiensis, 148

xanthodes, 141J

zeroe, 151
Coenonympha, 109

ampelos, 111

brenda, 1 1 1

California, 110

elko, 110

eryngi, 110

galactinus, ilO

mornata, 111

kodiak, 111

ocharaca. Ill

pulla, 110

pamphiliodes, 112
Colaenis, 48

Julia, 48

delila, 49
Colias, 33 ^

alexandria, 38

albinic, 37

ariadne, 36

behrii, 42

boothii, 35

caesonia, 34

chippawa, 41

Christina, 38

chione, 36

chrysomelas, 38

edwardsii, 39

elis. 215

emelia, 39

eriphyle, 37

eurydice, 34

hagenii, 37

hartfordi, 37

hecla, 35

hela, 35

interior, 40

INDEX.

keewa^din, 36
hagenii, 37
meadii, 34, 215
melanic, 37
moina, 41
nastes, 41
occidentalis, 38
palaeno, 41
peliihie, 40
philodice, 36
rosea, 219
scudderii, 40

Copaeodes, 170
arene. 171
eunus, 170
myrtis, 170
procris, 170
wrighteii, 170

Cystineura, 85
amymone, 86

Danais, 46
arcliippus, 46
berenice, 47
strigosa, 47

Debis, 106
jiortlandia, 106

Dricinna, 48
klugii, 48

Eurema, 95
letlie, 96

Eresia, 82
frisea, 82
punctata, 83
texana, 83

Eudamus, 206
albofasciatu9,210
bathyllus, 207
cellus, 209
dorcus, 210
drusius, 208
electra, 206
epigena, 208
hesus, 209
hippaltus, 208
lysidus, 208
moschus, 200
nevada, 207
py lades, 206
proteus, 209

simplicius, 210

zestos, 209
Eumenia, 129

atala, 129
Eunica, 96

monima, 96
Euptoieta, C)7

Claudia, 67

hegesia, G7
Eurygona, 127

abreas, 128
Erycides, 211

amyntus, 211

batabano, 211

sanguinea, 211

texana, 2 1 1

urania, 211
Erebia, 112

callias, 114

discoidalis, 112

epipsodea. 114

etiiela, 114

fasciata, 112

haydenii, 113

magdalena, 115

mancinus, 113

rossii, 113

siner-occellata, 218

Sofia, 114

vesagus, 113
Erycinidae, 125
Eeniseca. 147

farquinus, 147
Geirochelus, 115

tri tenia. 115
Grapta, 86

comma, 86

faunus, 88

gracilis. 89

interrogationis, 86

hylas, 88

J-album, 90

progne. 90

rusticus. 88

satyrus, 87

silenus, 87

silvius, 89

zephjTus, 89
Heliconia, 45

INDEX.

228

charitonia, 4G
Hesperidae,l()8
Heterochroa, 103
californica, 103
Hmparchia, 115
Qionysius, 116
ridingsii, 115
Hypolimnas, 09
misippius, DJ)
Junonia, U'6
coenia, 94
genovt'va, 94
Kricogonia, 32
lanace, 215
Wside, 33
lantasea, 33
Lemonias, 125
ares, 127
cythera, 127
duryi, 126
mormo, 127
nais, 126
palmerii, 125
virgulti, 125
Libythea, 124
carinenta, 125
bachmaniii, 124
Limenitis^ 99
arthemis, 100
burrisonii 102
floridensis, 101
hulstii,102
sine-fascia, 101
lorquini, 102
Ursula, 100
weidemeyerii, 100
Lycaena, 155
acmon, 165
alee, 166
arnica, 156
ammon, 167
amjTitula, 166
annetta, 161
antiacis, IttS
aquilo, 160
arizonensis, 161
ardea, 158
aster, 134

battoides, 164

behrii, 168

cinerea .162

comyntas, 165

couperii, 159

cyna, 166

uaedalus, 156

echo, 162

enoptes, 161

exilis, 168

filenus 167

glaucon, 164

gyas, 166

heteronia, 166

icaroides, 156

kodiak, 158

lotis, 163

lycea, 155

lygdamus, 159

lucea, 162

marginata, 162

marina, 168

mayicopa, 156

meilisa, 165

nionica, 166

neglecta, 162

nigra, 162

orcus, 159

piasus, 162

pseudargiolus, 162

saepiolus, 156

sagittigera, 156

scudderii, 163

shasta, 164

sonorensis, 160
speciosa, 159

rustica, 211

theonus, 167

violacea, 162
xerxes, 158
Lycaenidae, 129
Melitaea, 68
acastus, 72
alma, 75
anicia, 70
arachne, 77
augusta 217
baroni, 70

bollii,76

bruceii, 217

chalcedon, 69

chara, 75

colon, (i\)

cooperi. 69

dwinellei, 69

dymas, 74

edetha, 71

fulvia, 76

gabbii, 73

narrisii, 73

helva, 71

hoff'manni, 72

minuta, "U

nubigena, 70

nympha, 77

palla, 72

perse, 74

phaeton, 68

quino, 70

rubicunda, 70
sterope, 72
taylorii, 217

thekla, 76
Ulrica, 73
whitneyii, 72
Nathalis, 24
iole, 24
irene, 25
Neophasia, 18
menapia, 18
suffusa, 19
Nyraphalidae, 45
Neonympha, 107
areolatus, 108
canthus, 107
eurytris, 108
gemma, 107
initchellii, 218
rubricata, 108
sosybius, 109
viola, 109
Nisoniades, 201
afranius, 293
alpheus, 202
ausonius, 203
brizo, 201

224

INDEX.

f

11

clitus, 201
funeralis, 204
icolus, 204
juvenalis, 203
lucilius, 202
martialis, 203
naevius, 204
persius, 202
petronius, 204
somnus, 202
tristis, 205
Pamphila, 171
accius, 180
agricola, 181
arpa, 102
attalus, 170
baracora, 219
bellus, 188
brettoides, 184
brettus, 184
bimacula, 191
byssus, 1!)4
cabelus, 176
campestris, 182
cernes, 187
cestus, 101
Colorado, 174
comus, 104
chusa, 184
delaware, 193
deva, 180
dion, 102
draco, 184
eufala, 105
ethlius, 100
fusca, 195
harpalus, 176
hianna, 106
hobomok, 172
horus, IHO
huron, 183
lagus, 1!)4
lasus, 173
leonardus, 180
licinus, 178
loammi, 180
lunus, 180
maculata, 100

manitoba, 175
inanataaqua, 187
mardon, 1 86
massasoit, 172
melane, 103
metea, 177
meskei 180
mile. ISI
morrisonii, 188
mystic, 186
napa, 177
nemorum, 181
nereus, 105
nevada, 174
ocola, 100
oregona, 175
csvKa, 104
otho, 185
ottoe, 176
palatka, 103
panoquin, 100
pawnee, 176
peckius, 185
phylace, 194
phylaeus, 194
pittacus, 191
pocahontas, 172
pontiac, 192
pratincola, 182
python, 101
(juadraquina, 172
juba, 175
rhena, 102
rhesus, 177
ruricola, 173
sabuleti, 185
sassacus, 173
Seminole, 179
snowi, 179
siris, 186
sylvanoides, 181
taxiles, 173
uncas, 178
verna, 187
verus, 182
vestris, 1S8
vitator 196
vitellius, 103

yuma, 180
zabulon, 172

Paphia, 105
morrisonii, 106
troglodyta, 105

Papiho, 3
abbotii, 4
americus, 6
ammoni, 13
ajax, 3

arizonensis, 13
asterias, 8
asteroides, 9
brevi Cauda, 8
calverleyi, 9
cresphontes, 14
daunus, 11
eurymedon, 12
glaucus, 12
indra, 7
machaon, 5
marcellus, 4
nitra, 6
oregonia, 6
palamedes, 10
pergamus, 7
philenor, 4
pilumnus, 14
polydamus, 15
rutulus, 12
telamonides, 4
thoas, 14
troilus, 10
turnus, 1 1
■\valshii, 4
zolicaon, 6

Parnassius, 15
behrii, 17
clodius, 16
eversmanii, 18
hermodur, 17
menetriesii, 16
nomion, 17
smintheus, 16
thor, 18

Pholisora, 205
catulus, 205
eros, 205

IXDEX

225

hayhustii, 205
lena, 20(3
libya, 219
pirua, 205
Phyciodes, 77
batesii, 79
camillus, 80, 217
carlotta, 78
mata, 81, 217
montana, 82
morpheus, 79
myletta, 81
nycteus, 78
orseis, 80
pallida, 81, 217
picta, 82
pratensis, 80
phaon, 78
tharos, 78
vesta, 78
Pieris, 19
acadica, 23
amaryllis, 19
beckerii, 20
flava, 22
hiemalia, 22
hulda, 22
ilaire, 19
immaculata, 215
manni, 24
niarginalis, 24
monusta, 19
napi, 22
nelsoni, 21
nove-angilae, 28
olavacea, 22
protodice, 21
rapae, 23
sisymbri, 20
venosa, 22
vernalis, 23
vimnensis, 23
yrcKa, 23
Pyrameis, 92
atlanta, 92
cardui, 93
carve. 93
huntera, 92

Pyrgus, lf)9
centaureae,200
coespitabis, 200
ericetorum, 199
locutia, 199
philetus, 200
nearchus, 200
nyssus, 200
oceanus, 199
scriptura, 201
tessalata, 200
xanthus, 201
Rhopalocera, 1
Satvrus, 11(5
alope, 11(5
ariane, 117
baroni, 117
boopes, 117
charon, 119
gabbii, 118
mcana, 117
maritima, IIG
meadii, 118
nephele, 117
oetus, 119
olympus, 117
paulus, 117
pegalia, IIG
silvestris, 118
stenele, 119
texana, 11(5
wheelerii, 118
Synchloe, 83
adjutrix, 84, 117
crocale, 85
erodyle, 85
janais, 84
mediatrix, 84
Systasea, 200
zampa: 20(5
Terias, 42
blakei, 116
clappii, 116
damaris, 43
elathea, 45
gundlachia, 43
mcunda, 45
lisa, 44:

mcxicana, 43
nicippi, 42
proterpiu, 42
westwoodii, 43
Thecla, 130
acadica, 133
acis, 141

adenostomatis, 138
affinis, 144
alcestris, 133
apama, 140
autolycus, 133
aurctorum, 140
behrii, 145
calanus, 135
californica, 34 ■
chalcis, 39
castalis, 141
citma, 130
clytie 142
columella, 141
crysalus, 130
dryope, 134
dumetorum, 145
edwardsii, 134
eryphon, 145
exoleta, 138
favonius, 131
fotis, 145
fuliginosa, 156
grunus, 130
nalesus, 131
humuli, 132
ines, 143
iroides, 143
irus, 144
itys, 137
laeta, 14()
leda, 143
M-album, 131
melinus, 133
mossii, 144
murivii, 138
nelsoni, 138
niphon, 144
ontairo 136
poeas, 142
putnamii, 139

226

saepium, 139
sheridanii, 146, 218
siva, 140
s-oiilacis, 141
spadix, 187
spinetorum, 140
strigosa, 136
sylvanus, 140

INDEX.

tacita, 138

tetra, 13!)

titus, 146

whittfeldii 135
Thymelicus, 171

garita, 171

poweschiek, 171
Timetes, 97

chiron, 98
coresia, 97
eleucha, 98
petreus, 96
Vanessa, 91
antiopa, 91
californica, 91
milbertii, 91
Victorina steneles, 218

j i

Fig. 60.

f

;i I

'¥

ii

nop

,218