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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cllch6, il est film^ d partir de Tangle sup6rleur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 / SHEWING THE EXTENT AND SITUATION OF ITS POBLIC LAC^IDiS, /l/6^^ /7'6^ GEOGRAPHICAL RELATION TO THE i - BRITISH ISI^ES. ,..■<" I\ihlisluMl l>v order of* ' MIA'ISTKU "» >.. runiiMiuMi ov oraer or .vvv ^il. / iinyitiiili- Wr-t (!|5 /?T'm (irrriiwii > i;ni <.r;\ Ki\ ■- Published hy Authority of the Department of' AgricvUure of the Government of Canada, 1881. • I V r'. •; J /■ . X. /^. ;.(? V *^Y » CONTENTS. iNTnODUCTION . - . rHOFESSOU SuEr-Do^'s RicrouT Mit. Hugh McLean'^ Rki'uut Mu. Qeouoe Cuktis's Repout - Mr. R. II. B. P. ANinnuiON's Rf.i'out Mr. W. p. Cuuitt's Rei'out Mr. Petek Imhie'.^ Rei'Out Mr. J. Sparuow's Report Mr. Georqe BnoDEKicK's Rurom' JIu. John Sagau's Retout RIu. James Rtddell's Papei itxTRAC'T,S FROM Ml".::.S!;.S. RlCAD AND PeI.L'.S REPOUT - XTRACT3 FUGM 'COLONIZATION CIRCULAR' XTRACTS FROM COLONEL DeNNIS'S MEMORANDUM RESPECTING LaND 'i lations Information for Intending Settlers It ^ |n any o' ifherr Regu- tAOl V 9 28 48 C9 74 84 97 IOC lie 120 130 132 110 143 ' -! :n[one Y. hi 1.1. ii StciTii};/ Into Dt'lhi I (Oit! Ci'iiln. For sinnll cliniij; :? ctn. 0 01 0 02 0 '.n •1 t>7 ci'lit in ... ... ... 0 ildll.ir U ... ... ... 0 (lullai's lU'U H, 0 4 0 10 1 0 '(l- JC ». (I. ... 0 0 (", ... 0 4 I'l ... 0 10 C.\ ... ... 1 0 04 ny sterl 1114 is 1 ,wo ce.itj. e pound Htorling may be INTRODUCTION. Tiir, Focond ficrics of the reports of favmovH from Kiiglatnl, Troland, ami ScotlniiJ, who visiti'd Canada in tlio .suinnier and autumn of last year, are now presented to tlio pnl)- lie. They have bicn made by tlio following fjcutlomon, Komo of whom wore appointed aa delegates by tins farmers in tlieir districts, while others, from their ivmitious in the ngricidlural world, are well riualilied to Hi>eak upon so important a Hiihjoet. ■RFii. J. P. Siii-.i.niiN, Professor of Agrieulturo, Wills and llmu.'i Agricultural Collei,'o, Downton, Salinbur}'. Ml!, lliuiii McIiK.vN, llhu, Tnrbort. Argyll-hiro. Mit. CiKdiKii; C'ruTls, Woodside, Sil.sdeu, Leeds. Mit. 11 II. 11. P. Ani)i:i!.«oN, ListuMel. County Kerry, Ireland, Jti!. W. Cn'.nT. IJaetfin Abbey, North WaMiam. Norfolk. Mit. Pinicic Imiiik. CawdcrCuilt, Mary hill, Lanark. Mil. J. Si'.MiKDW, Woodlands Farm, Doynton. near liath. Mk, G. Buodf.uick. Ilawes, Wenslo>daio, Yorks. Mil. John Saoau, Waddington, near Clitheroo, Lancashire. A paper has also been contributed by Mil. Jamus IliDUi'.i.r., who has been residing in Manitoba for four years. Extracts are al.so given from the report of Mi;ssi!>. Ci.AiiK IlF.An and Ai.iiEiiT PEi.li. M.P., pre.sented to Parliament in August 18«'i and fiMii the Chapter of the ' Colonizatioii Circular ' relating to Canada recently .Jed by tho Colonial Ollico. Containing, as they Ji;, .laich information upon the acrricultural resources of Jfini- toba, tho North-West Territories, Ontario, Quebec, and tho Maritime Prrvmros of (Janada, and '. suitability of tho country generally for tlie settlement of I'litish agriculturists and others, these reports will doubtless bo read with interest by many, who, from various causes, are looking around for fresh fields in which their capiUil and energy can be invested to advantage. The following are tlic classes recommended to go to Canada : 1. Tenant farmer.'^, who have suiHeient cajiital to enable them to settle on farms, may be advised to go with safety, and with the cerUiinty of doing veil. The same remark will apply to any persoiiswho, although not agriculturists, would be able to adapt themselves to agricultural pursuits, and who have sufliciont means to enable tliem to ^ake u\i farms. 2. Piv'duce fanners, and persons with capital seeking investment. ii. Male and female farm labourers, and female domestic servants (to whom assisted passages are granted) and country mechanics. The classes who should be warned against emigration are females above the grade ot servants, clerks, shopmen, and persons having no particular trade or calling, and unaccustomed to manual labour. To these Canada offers but little encouragement. It is claimed that Canada offers advantages to steady hardworking men, unequalled in any other country. In the first place, the cost of reaching there is less— a consideration where a man has a family and is not overburdened with cash. Tho sea passage is also shorter ; and the settler remains a British subject, not requiring to change his nation- ality before taking up a free grant of land, or acquiring the right to record his vote. Free grants of land, ranging from 100 to 200 acres, can be obtained in most of che provinces. In Manitoba and the North-West Territories a settler can obtain 160 acres free, and purchase another 1(30 acres at a nominal price and on very easy conditions, as set forth in the Appendix. In writing of this part of Canada, its rapid growth and development must be mentioned. The country was practically unknown ten years ago; now^ it possesses a city of 12,000 inliabitants (Winnipeg), besides many smaller towns. The rapid construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway must undoubtedly vl Tiilroduition. .- 1 111-1 -r.ni- +,% tlip c.Mii.lrv l>v oncn'mr; il np niul slviiis cmpl.-yir.cnt to a . „ev l' a„, lUi..^ U,nt ma, •« «'"' ."t"""?' '";;"'■;■„,,. • U,.v „c«l •,» comment : to may be obtained f v.^m any of the 0 ovorim.uni olhccs. nni-<^[ \"ncuUuro of tlioGflvernmcut of Canada, THE Hon. J H. I'"!".^ « ' :„, i^ „ fi naiit S:o<.,.v, in ll,o irnilo.l Ki„3,!o,,..to '"'ii,^rr»"w;ll;r.!i:f,Ha.t•„:aS£^^^ TVT„ riTf^it The Grange. Dalbeattie, Kirlccudbnghtshirc. Sr Cmv S 3lte.,r c^Pa^k. Glenhrco, Wigtownshire Mu G OUDUN, Comlongon Mains, Annan, Dumfne.slure. MP Eli.iot, Hollvbiish, Galashiels. M ■ L ,c; \N Le-^e -wood. Earlston, Rovwicbdnre. 5 ■ Sn AN Piintaton, Fountain Hall, Mid otlnan. S : nuTcinN.oN, Brougham Castle Pcnnth, Cumberland. Mu. PEAT, Lees House, HiUoth, Cumber and. Mn IRVINCI, Bowncss-oii-Solway, Carlisle. S JOHNSTON'K, Low Burntlnvaito, near Carlisle. ' Si,!: Wilken, Waterside of Forbes, Abcrdcensh.ro. Mu. Bui:(;e, Aberdecnsluro. Mu. \VALL.\f'E, Tsithsdalo. Mu AYelsii, Eskdalc. , „ ., • ^ ;„ fl,o first nlacc clearlv informed it was of all thuig.s dc- Thosc gentlemen were in the ^^^ ,1^'°' .^r^., 'v^^rcised and entirely unfettered ; shvA that their own judg.ncut '^^;? , '^ ".^^^^ „l: their own pergonal SSS.aro¥So''X'ti?»,rr„'£,S"a..a .U». c„,..U.oa. do no. require to be informed of it. .„,,„. „,,,i nffovdin"- them facilities to Fee every irfc;:.',: ";, no .na..o>i on «|,at »H,o,jt, <^;f^SS;^, t„ „,„,, ,„,,.=Uv« ^i;:^Xr:ss:^^:^J'^ss^^'^r&i^.ay ..». *™ =<- -.^'"' revision by the delegate '•c^;P«"«''^^\^°'\'?T, nt visit the Dominion as delegates, n.imely, The reports of two gentlemen wdio d d "' vi;>} tl ° the County Tyrone, in Ireland, Mr. John Maxwell, of C^irhsh^ ^-^^^-^^-^^'^J: .Jj^ ^...vZv...o appended to but who accompanied p.irUes or ine ucK^atv, i ^''^["'noSugbt necessary to ni.ko in this place any attempt to summarise the VlU Iiiir'noi)A. JU^'^v^ niul Piirmm; ;9 f.ill ,r.f Jntcvosf. - - ■ ■ '^ r;iiati liiiy pi' Tl.umUu.l!uyumlinlIu.l.o.t.A\ilham luindci' liny una in mi ^ -.. i..,,.in,. Hiilwiw, a v<-:vJ wmni i» ..^^...s -f ; ■■■•..; - ■,,,,. EaMora t.vminus of tho C'iiiu,.lmn 1, "•'",, '"'^V.vccs of the Korlb.^^^■st nnlory. 11)3 _ ; .1, will in duo time optu ui> Hie illmn iibU' J"^^ """; , .y, ,. Vntil it is Imiltj indeed, S;?in K tnecoLv} to .ho -'-f ;^--^,° 'jile" H^;i;o' p^U-ee of .Ue N J,l,.>2 and until there i^" Canmhau ™na -.';:',;,, United Slates' tcrrdory. unksB, indeed iMudisofsliil-iiiBi'ii^^'.;''--. .-l Y,"* d 1 wns c( vtainly elvuck witii tho un thcvJ in time to fee tlio luilcr p.ut «* ' ; ""' •^,,,'; tl,c ovndcst cultivation. excellent crops of ^vhoat and «f V !' W ^,d I eaw a kw .trins-bindor at %vork m a crop of On tho day after my arrival, ^q'tcnihcr H 1 eaw > i^ h ^^.^^ ^^^^ ^.^,^^^_ ^„^; „^ ,,j ..eat in thc^Kildonau -^l^^^^ ^^ ,^ Xr^-^'u^li .as ve^_,nod ; _U. .hc^v..^^ feg'but ,onK- ten or t.;;lve n.iles «^vay '• '■" tb. t) ^^^^^^^^ ^^^,^ jj,. p ,,„a ^ ^I.and increases r.picHy m vnUv. nu u to '^^ ' f /^,^,^,^, ;„ „,,nt, and the o^ner has put; 367 dollar, ; now ho ^vant. 3 000 'l'f'*'^^'.;^',,;.|,es breaking up about half of the land. up a small hou.o and "^f^^^^:^^:':^^ as^-l and t.dl of organic ma.lor. The soil of Manitoba \» a puiel> ^e^cuuii. fiiilnfosiof niocf.niitvj' s ill fiui, L'ii:.iuevy, cMuny ^d V)lnue isiU (m^ciil tho I boiiiK 1^1 iilly built.^niul liAVfbt Ti-irilory. I'lui LTiitil it. is Iniiltj imkctl, oiluce of tUo NoHli-Wcsb i' tcirilory, unUss, indeed ttiitiriRin tires, Mii\, cor.. [•sliil>ii'Bi'ic'..r.Cf.-. I ^vas civtiiinly struck witii tlio cultivation. inder at work in a crop of lice even crop, ami would pnod ; tlic wheat wiis tlio ren cro]), tl\c straw riillicr ■n-fed, brifjlit, mul fit for St pr.iiric sod— tliat is, cii d is very tougli at fui-t, it seed liiul 'h-cu imperlVcllv M'iod of 13 weeks. It is, ill UO (!;iy.i-tliat \9, sown, as wliieh wos sown at in- a ; the oats were llie b'.uek llio crop would reach 43 t» in'uiuioid to be a Rood iig to ilr. Koss, of Wiuni- fsame farm Mr. Eoss pnid I'nt.nnd the owner lias put bout half of the land, and lull of orpanic matter, ' the Ked and Atsiniboino uit-fi,iod, and cannot family ut of it in the shortest pos- ;. By turning up an inch ywcd, and liiesnnio exliaus- long period witli impunity, [ninuiriiig the soil would do vmt it, the furmers were in hing it out on the ice of tji? f,.„..n rim-sin winter, 1 1 lx< eavri.d nway soniewlu^ro, when .pvir.^n.ro and tlio "'""^l' ^J";^^. 1 . , i^l, .' V i„. now th.-yl.'ivo it to rot in heaps ouwuio ll.o slublo^ ami find it an ::::!. r talk to remove 'tlio LuJ rather lUau th. manure, when tho latter beeou.es unpleasantly '''"'iSourso of timo it is probable tlmt the mnnnro will need to ho put to it 3 lefiiliinnto use of bo a^v n Z< 1 t, that llu. better soils of tho p.uvi.iee will ever be,;on,e sler.le, providing lliab .k ts a V f, I 1 1 'a,..'. It i. pvoluMe lh:.t there i« g-od bind on wl„.'. they ure not omul. L t CroUu '; of lV,u,rso.l'n.li. Trovinee i,. pbuvs ; tl,U i^ chu.ly alkahne sod, ou w^i cli S^ldng^hit! is pivili ,bl.. .,11 grow i,i U. pve.ent cnUitiou; .n "'-'y ft-^• .^^ "J^i^' ^ is .dka:i,ie. Yet there i. plenty of ^omI water to be got n. mo.t if " ' '"• i^.;"' "' BC ne instance, u elea,- pure .pring l„.s been M ruek a very few Ij el, below to I. o It niu=t not be suiM-o-ed ibat the soil ol Manitoba ih fi. only fu- wheal ' ;^ j^,^,^\'™ praxes it i- tine, a.v v.ry eoiu.se in eb-ira.ler, and ll.cre are many wee Is and wo.llikss planta ^li:^;i;:,n.ye,^.d,lelJ,a,hontbe,.u,nuensephuusof,n;a^ cra;:S?e'lG"oi'f i 0.":^':-::^: ": :^"";"y -«•'-' rv'iiS't;; rrixr fueees.. while sue!. " tame" gra^^es as timothy ami the .■ve grasses. a..d also red and wluto there is a good .uarket in Winnipeg Un- all kinds of gardeu .Lnll a..d ' ' '^^ ':™^ mand ve.-y bigb prices, so that our Yorkshire friend, as 1 >vas toid on the best aut-iouty. 13 renpiiig a rich reward of his skill and indnstry. r , „ „n Pi,.„nPP«ter nunils I w"i3 niueh surprised to find aoioug the Manitohan farmer^ oneof my old Ci.encester p j 18. He h. d b ght afann ot sou.e m> aeivsa lew nales w.st of SVimnpeg. pay.ng, '»;;;- f,'^«t the exirav,, "...t price of 20 dollars (JCl) an acre. He d.'e .red. howeve.-, to no ^1 •»'""» e b,:.t larm .,1 the loealily, wt.ioU may be taken as ev.denx-e ot "^..•'^^'f/''' £i^„f '^^^1 and be was growing c.-ops of t.irnips, potatoes, oats, cte.. which vvero Ire idy a l:''^'' « ° «°^ tooehiap and ploalilul to admit of m.ero.eopio culUvaliou us we luuo i.1 m i'^^Uud ana ^"iC'diief drawbacks in Manitoba, iu tho csti.nation f "" ^''SU^lnnan arc those : Bad roads, bad wat.r in many parts, the almost utler ab.-:om-e ot ' ') « ■,7,^1\^ "' ' ' ^^ ^^ f,,i5'' ^f, [ tho ildness of the country, and tho Ion- and severe wui!er. (And tntso remaiks apply wiiii !; n '^l der fot Tlarg^ traels of country I h.ve seen iu the "-l"--^-'M-;^-^^ ^ J" United Slates.) No doubt the road, in time will be improved, tl.ough road-n.e, al is vt y scarce , goo dlL-wiU be oblamedin .no.t parts of the country by boring ''''•'' i/'^'-;;'';^^^' ^^ J, £ being done , trees will be planted to b.e.k tho n.onott,..y of the ^cene, uid, s > ^^ '^^j; '\Y.o nrn .^ine-nu-d I am assured by those whose testimony is worthy of all trust, tl.at tuougn uio nereurylmyg. to ao'bcl^^ "'O cold is not intolerable, but ralbev P f ^^f'.f, «"J bracd "/ 'ihe cur h dry. The llat, low-lying In.d in the viem.ly of Winmpeg has luthe to b nlmm.ioo£ in spn;(g..in.e, but an "tensive a.ul sveU-e...uted^y. em oM^ "-^"^i^^^^^^::^^;^:^:^^^^^^^^^^ can be bought at^ot nr. reason be Is i a..d, ibove allf agricultural tools and umehmery ol a ''-^^f „3'-^' ','^, 't', Leu ml run Of such thing, in E.igluud are everywhere abundant. It is, u. fact, ouo of. the s.gl.ts 13 Ml. J. P. ^hhloui Hij'ort. most eiipzc8tivcor»vnection, to n<,ticc at llic ruiln-ny staliona Irtc ami tliei-o.nml at ll.c (l.nlers »toke«, abujidunt Bui.plics of liibouv-saviMg implomcMts ami nincluiicry, wind, luo chonpop lianiUcr, and better tuuilo tl.un imiMy Ki.glisli goods. The cost ol living is not vvvy Ingl. ; brct, by the Bide, in winter h about 7 onts a lb., beefsteaks in smnmjr 15 ecMt-, nu.tton ,n winter about 12 cenlfl, and butter about 25 cents the year round. Lg-s in winter oro 3a cents a "Tlio crcat features of Manitoba arc: Land of excellent quality, very low in piiee, and in crcat abundance, and a climate which brings to perfection, in a nhort time, all kimls of c ativalcd crops. The value of land is 1 dollar (4s.) to 10 dollars (£2) un neve, away in the country, wh.lo near the city, in some cases, it is still higher. Out in the North-NVcst lernlory, however, tlio finest land can bo bought at a dollar or less per acre, and actual settlers c«n obtain l.ce grants of IGO acres for each adult, with a pre-emption right to ItiO more on paynient of a nomma sum to Government. I cannot, however, recommend English farmers ot middle ago to go tlicre to settle, because they are entirely unsuited to pioneer life, and would liavo n.ueh to unlearn betoro they could learn the ways of the country ; but young men with small capital n-.id strong hearts and willing hands, even though they have been reared amidst the comforts ol an iMiglish lioine, are sure to prosper in the new territory, providing thoy arc steady and industrious. lieing young, they are not too closely wedded to certain Imlits of life, and tlicy would the more easily habituate themselves to the new conditions which tlicy would encounter m the now country. But whoever may go to Manitoba from the Old Counti-y, will do well to have a good look round before buying land, and, if possible, to pass a few we.ks on a farm here and there, with a view of watching the processes on which husbandry is conducted in the ^ol■th-\\ est; and ..man with a small cnpilnl and no encumbrances would do well to hire himsell out to " la''.'"*-'' f"«" » year or two bcfoio locating himself on land ol hix own. Land may be i-ented m Maintoba, and probably it would bo a wise thing for an Knglish farmer to rent a (arm tor a vcar or two, until ho has learnt the country and the country's ways, ai'.d he will then be the boUcrable to f elect the right sort of land for himself. Land may be rcnte.l as follows : the landlord provides the land and lialf the seed ; the tenant the labour, implements, hoi-ses, and hall the seed ; the hind- lord receives one-third, and the tenant keeps two-thinls of the produce for his share ol tlio business. Mr. Mackenzie, of Buriiside, one of the largest and most prosperous lurmers m Canada, lets off some of bis land in the Torlago la Prairie on those tonus. OXT.^KIO. Of the'southem part of this Province I cannot speak in term? other than of warm praise. Generally speaking, this favoured portion of the Province has a rolUng, and, in some parts, almost a hilly surface ; in certain localities, as that of Hamilton, for instance, the surface w much broken and almost precipitous here and there, but as a rule the great bulk of the hu'd "n this part of the Province, with the exception of rocky or swampy districts, is easily cultivable when it is cleared of tiinber and the roots arc pulled out. Thirty or forty years ago, Ontario must have been a vry hc'ivily. wooded district, and the labour of charing the hundreds and thousands of beautiful farms must have been prodigious; in the district to which these remarks more specially lel'er, the work of cleaving is for the most part done, but there ai'c slill n'ai.y extensive tracts of tiii'ber-hiiid liei-e and there, and must of the farms have a smaller or greater proportion of uneleuied land on them. This land is kept to grow wood lor fencing and lor fuel. , This portion of Ontario maybe rcgardct as the garden of the Dominion — literally as W( II as figuratively the garden — for it is there thatapples, p.ars, grapes, peaches, melons, and the like, grow in the greatest profusion, and with the least trouble on the part of the farmer. Every farm has its orchard, and it is purely the fanner's fault if the orchard is not an excellent one, for the climate and the soil are cleaily all that can be desired, and the trees will do their share of the work provided the right sorts are planted. It is usual to plant out peach and apple-trees alternately and in rows in a new orchard, and the apple-trees are at a distance opart winch will bo right when they are full-grown ; this is done because the peach-trees come to maturity first, and have done bearing before the apple-trees require all the room ; the peach-trees are then cut down and the apple-trees occupy all the room. These trees arc planted in rows at right angles, to that there is a clear passage between them whichever way we look, and the land can be freely cultivated among them ; it is, in fact, usual to take crops of wheat, or oats, or maize, from the land during the time tho trees are young, and we often see fine crops of golden grain overtopped by noble' young trees laden with fruit. A farmer may not, of course, look to fruit alone to grow rich on, but he often nets a nice roll of dollars out of it, and, to say tho least, it is con- ducive to happiness to be well supplied with fruit, while to live in a climate and on a soil that will produce it abundantlv is always desirable. There are many kinds' of soil iii this part of the Province, most of which are fertile and cai(r Mr. J. P. Sheldon's Report. 13 , niid at llic (loivlors* vliii'li iivo clicnpop, ot vi'i'y liiyll ; bref, , iiuiltnn ill wiiilur Ucr are 35 ccnta a 11W in price, find in I kiiulsof 0 iltiviiled II tlie I'ouiitry, wliilo ritory, however, Uio obluiii lico Rraiitsof of a nominiil sum to ogo to RO there to oh to unlcai'n before \\ awA strong liciirts of an Eii^lieli homo, iiiduslriijus. lieing ould the more easily in tlio now country. 10 a pood look round id Hicro, with a view li-W'esl; and ii man lilt to n fanner for a ed in Muiiitiiba, iind a vcar or two, until 1 beUei'able to f elect mdliii'd provides the I the seed ; tlic hind- for his share of tlio ospcroua farmura in than of warm praise, and, in some parts, tanco, the surface is it bulk of the land in ,3, is easily cultivable ly years ago, Ontario ig the hundreds and 1 wiiich these remarks tliero ai'e nlill n'any D a (.iiiiiller or greater d lor fencing and for n— litenilly as wdl as , melon!", and tlie like, if the farmer. Every not an excellent one, ses will do their share peach and apple-trees ;auce apart which will ome to maturity first, jach-f rees are then cut n rows at right angles, tlie laud can bo fi-eely its, or maize, from the Iden grain overtopped look to fruit alone to y the least, it is con- nate and on a soil that cli are fertile and caif to cultivate. The most common soils are loams of one kind or another, comprising all llio varieties included in the terms ' sandy' ond ' clay' loams ; then there are light soils of Tnrious k-nds, clays, on'' marsh soils, most of them more or less impregnated with organic matter. Many of these soils— I speak now of farms that have been long under cultivation— were at first well adapted to the growth of wheat, but it appears that in many places wheat has been grown to repeatedly on the land, that it will no longer produce the crops of it that were formerly easy to obtain. The fact is, this one crop has been grown so very often that the land has become deficient in the elements necessary to it ; the same land will, however, grow very good crops of other kinds— roots, clover, linrley, pen", oats, and the Lko, while in some pjirts profitable crops of Indian corn are grown ; thu hitter, however, is also an exhausting crop, even more com- pletely so than wheat, but not so quickly, and can only be grown to profit on a rich soil and a hot climate. The dilfercnco between the two crops is this : wheat exhausts a soil of certain elements, leaving the rest comparatively untouched ; but maize is a generally exhausting crop, loss dependent on special elements, but feeding, as it were, on all alike ; ond so it followi that it can bo grown for a longer time before the land shows signs of exhaustion, which at last is so thorough that fe>-«ility is restored with great difficulty. There is, IioweTcr, a great deal of good wheat- land in Ontario, ond much more of it to bo cleared. The partially-exhausted land, too, will come round again, and will grow wheat profitably as before, but it is only good farming that will bring this about. The fanners of Ontario declare that they would hardlv have known what to do with their land if it were not for cheesomaking, and particularly for the new cattle and beef trade with England. VVIicat, wheat, nothing but wheat as a paying crop, was simply exhausting the land, returning nothing to it; cattle-raising paid poorly, because the demand T.as limited ; and eheesenioking couhi only bo profitably carried on in the districts suitable to it. But the demand arisiim in Iho Old Country for beef, and the improved means of trans- portation over the sea, have provided a new and profitable opening towards which the encrgiei of the farmers are being directed. The raising of stock suitable to the English market it now a leading and profitable branch in this part of tlic Dominion, and it is encouraging to the cultiva- tion of root and green crops, of clover, timothy, and other forage crops, of green corn, etc., for soiling. The growth and consumption of these crops, indeed, is the very practice that was needed to restore fcrtilily to soils which had been injured by over-cropping with wheat. But numbers of the Ontario fanners seem to bo so wedded to whcat-raising,_ that rather than go extensively into stock-rai.-iing and fattening, and the growth of various rotation crops, mora ofter the English and Scotch models, they prefer to sell out and go to Manitoba and the North- West, a territory which is par excellence a wheat country, and which must soon become, perhaps, the greatest granary in the world. They aro the more inclined in this direction because they can sell their Ontario farms at 40 to 100 dollars an acre, and can buy virgin soil in the North- West at 1 to 10 dollars. By an exchange of this nature they can easily establish their children in separate farms, a thing but few of them could hope to do in Ontario, where land is com- paratively high. They have also the spirit of restlessness which permeates the Americans as well, but which is scarcely known in England. These various iiiQucnccs are causing numbers of formers to migrate in the direction of the setting sun, and the Amerieons themselves were never more crazed about the West than are the Canadians of to-day about their Manitoba and North- West Territory. They treat their land as a parcel of schoolboys treat an orchard of apples into which they are suddenly let loose : they rush about from one place to another, plucking an apple here and there, having a nip at it, and throwing it down, only to repeat the process at every tree they come to, thinking in this way to find the best fruit in the orchard. So it is with the Canadian and American farmer of the West. His farm is a mere machine, out of which he gets all the work he can in the least pos- sible time, and he quits it for anotlier, as his fancy suggests. It is of seco.id or third-rate importance to him, for he can buy land on the Western prairies at a less cost than that of putting tlic first crop into it; and the atPection with which an Englishman regards his farm, and the home of his childhood, is a factor at present almost unknown in the social life of our friends across the Atlantic. In time this will change in Canada, and in England the old tics are rapidly weakening. It ia well, or. rather, would be well, if English landlords would note this change of feeling, this loosening of the Old World sentiment, this infi.tration of now ideas, which are surely, and not slowly, permeating the rank and file of British farmers. Steam has made the whole world II possible market for the products of any single portion of it, and, along with education, i* making iho people everywhere cosmopolitan in thought and feeling. To him who travels these things are clear, and I repeat that it would be well if those in power would recognise them without delay. As a dairying country some portions of both Western and Eastern Ontario are clearly wrtl adapted. The chief want of the country in this connection is that of streams, and springs, and running brooks; the snialler stnains, in fact, are citiier less numerous than they were before the forests were cut away, or thoj- are dry at the tiuie when thcv are most wanted. But j^ jjr. J. 1'. >^heldo)i's liejml. .!,P Bolloville district in Eiiitevi. Onlnrio, wlicre tlioro is inrlprl a Ki-oftt tloal of pxcdlpnt lftii P ^^ ' ' e a r"c snpply ot' Kroon corn-thnt is, nmize cut before it come. V. n,ulun.j-for sodm^ .n .uinuur ""x.:'rj;:r:^,r ;:':.. -Hows: 1. who.toroM,, 2 ^"»-;-|,^;---rio:f I; 3 Oats or barW, POC.U'd d,;wn .vilh arliUfial pr.>-c« j .I, f,, and, t "''^ '^'''''^fj'X''"^ fossilised n.slrio.ion, n» to cvoppin.^ ex,.t, a, th 7 do .n lM,,d;>u.l, '' ^w , /c r'^^dXh the crops that «uit Ins purpose hrsl . The pr.flue a! U .w I'.rk .« t- .-o v «. ' ' ^ ^ ;, v 0 is a luxuriant cropp.r, thickly, in drills of ei.hhon or t.vcniy ■'''l';-"; ;> J ' , Cn space between tlJ drills is o„:nly horso-lu.o I, ..old th- corn .s « f-^^^' ° ";. . f ^^ J 1 j" " grows rapidly, and cfVo.lntdly s-nothors the w.cls and v;dt '■^^'^^^/^ ' ;', 7 , '" ] .^ ^ ,0 1 of forcing a clMnate. In O.natiu, as in Kncln.l. the ax,om ,s I rue tha n.,i u S ! ;' ^^ 'J^^ ,7^^, wdssoellVH.:dlyasaheavycullivatc,lcn,polBomokn.l.My- " '.^^^^ grain in the n.ilk, an.l it i. lol> out ,n , u, he d.. -; ;:';; ;^\,^ ' . ' ,r "a X..::;,h'the this way it makes very go.nl f>"';a''. ;""'' ''^ '■^""V' I J ;> ^ .'l:,t „ ,, be followed with al-nost chaff-cutter, and all consumed by the stue.t. A sniul.a ^V"-'' ''>; , ,,,,,,,■,„,, „<• it, „.hicli ftuy other kind of soiling crop-that is, makui- into toragc for «inle>' that poUiou ol " XrSuldSStcs .0 in Canada, chee^e-nnddn. has had n,oro ..tcntion than bulter- „,a£;"nl;re sllll Ind investigation have been ^V^f^^oi^'-^lifl^r^^^^ [ir^d iS b'^ delieate and succulent grasses, appear to be best mu <-d for ^ ' h;' ' ! f,\,t V u dt'r av W^ i:KSif::j'ii:s™':r'i.s^;;t:5?^;r.s^i'.i' s;t3'S ;.».,: ■- this as it may. however, the cheese of Canada in nuiuy ca-es is ver* S'"'''- ;''"^; ' \" 7,"'^= ::!^bt^^5S^™5.*:.s-£2ir:-;:j.^:^:n^^^ before Je.sc Wdli-i.ns established the first eheese-h.eiorv n.'Mr u yoe, ,n »l"' '^t ;' '" .7"",i,, .^^ i:ts:;;:E:;::i:;ir£v;;;:ii;-:,;i'p?.*^;s:^^^^ mama of excellent Iniid, iviiifc, with many t would npiienr, in I) nifty bit iiiiu'o n , niup'i (lidiciilty, f !e wliicli isoomiiion I'stioin wliic'li iifTcil. 'iilcf qiica' on, nil- ivo tho attention it jlisli cnntcnuiovftvy, vci'y l;nv<' cropi of ilari'o, iind I elioiild lUoyo'l, if nt nil, in ( cl'iir, from wlmt I •lA", ami very poo'l wiitcr, urn llic lii-st >,,f «(i" fn.. aiivliicT clucse and To for Mnunier, and at Oo for rieli autumn ciier. c. diio t'uVit; of sS; Teed is 2 to 2i lb, I'or 1000 lbs. of uulk ; tlo smallest quanfty » used when ""M"''''B«lk';'d vnc for mnny Tc-ars past has paid nn-ch attention to tho suhj^ct of checc making^ n, alo ha V " end other pr^ominenr dairym. n.in Ontario, --\^^^^ -^^ ^^^^^l '\" " S much towards raiMim the che.^eof tho Domini, n m the rslimalion of bnjeis n '•'«''"" FoLdy?l ewas«'reatdiflle,dtva in n.aMog aytun.n •■';--,;" ^';;."; ', iiligliiia ; wen s time i/necessary to the ripening of an, thm-;. ,"^' ''-' l'^, i'';,^; '^y,: :;1™ the best cheese cannot be made from fresh, warm nnlk ; berauHc, '''''«''\'?''''i'i ,,;;"'," .„ongh,and has never been cold, it has not tho reqmred ''f ' ""^V '^hl "old an tl is prefers that one-half of tho nnlk he nn.kes cheese from ^ '''"';' '^'', "/J; '"^^'"^^^'^Jn^l^^^^^^^ being ripe enough in itself, rii.ens tho fresh ';;f"""B « "'f ,'^''7' '" '^ " .^'^ '"/[^^^^^ In smnn.er the ripening of the evening's nidk is cnon;-!. '^^'V, t''''M^"n'''^^ '' 'f; " '''^'^^^^;^ w ntler of antum,! it i 'not, so the morning's and evening's ^-^-:\jr:''^^^^^^^^ lomncrulure of 00" or so, and allowed to stand several hours b.fore ^''^,''''"^1^. old to r^r coa,nla.ion, and this is done because the autumn's 7-;-'f,;'\l;, ';;!,;; "/^t admit of enough if any ripening. As tho mass of m,!k ^'^''I'l^ "^. «/''';;■' ^i""',^ rincns. and the dinieulty previously so common disappears, the a diinin «-'"'.-« '"^'^^^ °, Sh and mcllowncss'o'f character of the sumnu.r eluese and ' -' j' /. j'"^' /f^,^!' ,i " '^i hy the excessive heat of the summer dimaln , this nutu.m cheese, in fa t, ■ | '^^ is probably tlie best of the reason, wherea. it was (oncerly. m n, n ;«=^N " «>'>•■• ; M.mmcr. I was pleased to find that rrofe.sor Arnold, an able cxpoue.it of the L 1 lar sjstcm, h s one mneh good in Canada in t.a.liin. dairymen how to -'|-«%"-^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ bv espoeing them longer in the vat, and by developing more '''^^^11^^'''^}— wd.ieh is co.nmon to lloating-curds. The milk is general y delivered "\';^^'^/'''>,Vo'ke proper factories, and tho farmers, uiuh v pain of having their "'''^irJ^^ 'i^'>.rf..'^^; •' ihiSouJ^L^ care of tlie evening's nulk, and to deliver it in good condition at the fattoiy . ihis aouo, transit is SMpposed to do the milk good rather than harm. rinlnvio in which cheese Incersol s at once the oldest and most famons of the clistriels of Ontaiio ^'^'"^^f^™^ facto ifshve been established ; I was, consequently inlerested in looking • '^'">« ' « /^"^ "^ ^{» r.rh, rl i neir the town in eceina the neighbourhood, and in attending the cheese market. My [i . va «,^de the a" as on fo r calling a meeting of the farmers, factory-men, cheese-buyer. and o : , ' Iml in ned 0 be in the town at the time. To Mr. Uately, a considerable "l-Her of e nlia e 1. . to Kugland. I am indebted for the pleasure, ''♦'■'•'^ ' '"I'V'! '''"'"u i tS ^s U ineelii,g allbrded nfe. A most interesting diBCUssion ^--}^'''^^^^^'^l£^^:^ cliieQv dairy larniing. It transpired that some farmers receive as m ich as \, ''' """ P^ J= 'J; m Ik seiit to theictorics dinging the season and the fanners were M-'i^^i^'^; ,, ."^ prosuccls of chcese.making in that part of the Dominion, though t is true that the mclustiy.m comiiion will, all oahers, had recently pa.^sed through very trying tunes. The dairy cuttle, in some parts of Ontario, will compare not u,. avourat)ly witli ""f'' °' ^ ^ parts of E gland. Shorthorli grades prevail, and it may be said that, wherever « J ^ « » Ltlearo found, the rmprovement is due, as a rule, to the ^''^J' i"';" ^^^'^;' ;i,,,^;;'^, . f ' ,, cent herd of pedigree shorthorns at liow Taik, 1 f''»"J » coUection ot »"'"?''^' '..',; n "mbcr and q ' .di, y, cannot in hU prubabihty be cqimll.-l clsowl,ere. It is '•'"" ' '"'' ' ' "'^ ^d soil of Canada- are well suited to maintain tUo j^uvi.y and vigour ol these ani.n.ls, and tliers t ! Mr. J. V. Shililona thyort. [ midst, then, the mrgcsi neni ui jhik- ^ « nnm.irv with llic v cw of (lovcloi)iii;» tlin cxten.i»e use of it to improve tl,« bov.no.tock of ^^'^^^''-^ij^ ';\';;'e LyTon nl,.',,., nn.T not llu) Inr... crowa fiuo crops of iniiMpeli., rinl cLver, Imurno, unci llio l.lf j "'"•""""''"''} SXcTovcr ILh of its own aLrd. lm« sprung up on a ry« stubble of t ,o pr-c>n auUun ; »M Mover in fac't is indieenous to these soils ; tl.o romls.dos are covered «'''/. nm Itiio fild in oJestion is now provUnng a fair paBturo for about forty in-e«lf heifers, wh.le the portions o 'JhrTr^ lie "ar7really U"/ ^1-, "'"-'Id Xk b'a" 'and of the ubiquitous Tccswator bovincs. Tliis transition from Rod Indian, and black beai. and moo e dcer^to Anglo Saxon and Kirklevington Duchesses, to Duchesses of Barnngton and Sxford and woodhi"uo Royal Charmers. Countesses. Lady FawsUys, Polly Owynnes. Roses of &nWa°ei loos Wild Eyes, and the like, to Princes, Dukes, Ears, and Barons of the same i Randall thes; glories of shorthorn fame supplemented by wavng fields of pram, of mZmoth manael wurwls, and of thickly-carpeted clovers, is as re.narkablo as anything we rit wi h i^l^^s great yoJng country of the We-t. The situation of the farm, and the views of ?he diTtriet wind, we obtain to great advantage from many points on the rivers high bank on the we tarl beyond compare the finest I have seen in Canada, or, for the matter ol that, in the United States -and when wo turn from these beauties of locality to witness the grand shorlhon cows and he fers, «nd yearlings grazing lustily on the ncwly-scedcd clovers, or on the primeval Jurfwldeh for tt'-es has formed a beuutiful glade in the forest, wo have the surrounding, com- pote wl"o "S^iake up a scene in which the soul of any Old Country farmer would take great **"' The Bow Park Farm was purchased, a doze, years ago, froni various persons who had Bottled iipoiTitrby the Hon. George Brown, whoso melancholy death a few mon hs ago, by tho bullet of a drImkJn assassin, filled the whole of the Canadian agrieultuval 7[ f ^-^1' '-llS-" tion and dismay. It was converted first of all into an ordinary dairy 'arm, in the days when CanaZw^ coming to the front as a cheese-producing country ; and a cheese «^tor.v which s •till standine. though put to other uses, was built for the convenience of the farm and of tho nealbourhood around. Gradually, however, the dairy stock were improved; and as the soil deSed an°mals in a superior manner, the idea arose to form it into a breeding establishment ?or Bt^k of tk^ best kind, and there is now upon it one of the largest ''"^^,>"°'f/fl''^„^'; «''°'- ' horn herds in the world. There are in all nearly two hundred fc.nales and forty to fifty males "man/of "hose veins run. the bluest of blue blood, while there is not » -f;; — ^ -^ ^ them who has not unoxoeplionable pretensions to p.. r.cnn pavondv^'.. In ''f^ "^ ^ f J,' forty we find the females pasturing ia vari.iH parts of tho ian.i ; ami it •.. a s,ght, N>>,ilh tund. 1 ronliMiT, ill fJicirnov? in II ln'i'il tliiit is Well oviiin llio cnni|vin_y of I'ck'* or cvoii tiioiillii", IV. C'riftilft lins iiilifi" 10 oiiiilit to ninlto an iciT (if (lcvclrt))iii;{ Hio iiy pniiiplHiis, mill not Lviiififiii of pood Rtock, 10 Stnto.a. This ouglit loiil 1 ho nmilc. s nitiiiitod, isof n inoro lid rivers wlicro banks (if Ontario. It ii also 1 witliiii ft long liorso- r's linnk on llio west ia mcwlmt rnrying slopn on tlio oppoaito nidcof iiti ft view of I'cni'lf llio rp, a liiipn (ilatc, wlii'li of it dipping; rnfily into ml ill flio south ofsoiiio Innd for sinio (H.^linu'C h is still bcitii; ll'iiidod liinii till' "oil i.< astroii;; lil. 'llio lower pint of iko ; tlio middln is well ;rows a liiij^o bur len of iinato of Canada are ill as (llio a root of red witli a luxuriant root of of tlio pri'sont autuniii ; jvorcd with it, and the cifers, wliilo tlio portions liaro ft slrong-stemuicd or cut awuy. idr, now growing magni- finest the world Ims in it nil, and black boar, and sses of Barriiigton, and >, Polly Owynncs, Roses larls, and Barons of tlio uving fidds of prain, of arkable as anything we 10 farm, and the views of ho river's high bank on the matter of th.it, in flio less the grand shorlhorii vers, or on the primeval I tho surroundingM coni- f farmer would take great ivious "persons who liad few months ago, by tho mil world with indigna- ''arni, in tho days when cheese factory, which is of tho farm and of tho iprovi'd ; and as tho soil I breeding establishment Hid most valuable short- and forty to fifty male?, b a single animal anioni* . Ill I'lts of twenty (.» ; i-j a si;;ht worlli travel. .I//'. ./. /'. SIkI, Inn's Ifr/mrf. 17 lina fur to SCO which wo f^'cl in waiidtring slowly through llio lierds, each individual of which, with )i'digroo and all, is nani''d at onco by iny friend Mr. Clay, to whom tho chief mitnagemant of the farm is ciilriiiited by tho A^socialion to whom this groat undertaking belongs. Going first among the hulU, wo caino to tho lord of the harem, the veritoole kinj ot the hord, on animal of surpasning merit, and a fortiino in himjolf. This grand old sire, the 4th Duke of Olorenco, who wm bre I by Colonel Ounter, of Wetliorby Grange, in, to the best of mjr roHollrtction, tho niont nearly faiiUle^' bull 1 liavrt seen in this or on» other country. He is a huge mountain of Ihuli and bono and miiscU, and uf first sight one would think that no two of his four legs noiild snjiport the burden i but whun wo notice tho grand devplopinnnt of muscle, and the grace and ea^^e with which he moves, wo think so no longer. His brisket is wide and dc(tp, down to his knees ; his shoulder, from tlie point of it to tho brisket between the knees, nieaiiuring 4 ft. 0 in., is tho deepest I have seen, and yet it is not in tho least coarse or lumpy i his top is level, wide, and lon^, measuring 6 ft. H in. from point of ihoulders to tlio square of the tail, and the roasting-beef is there in flno display, lie is well sprung in the ribs, with great chest-room ; equally well let down in tho flanks, forming perfect uiulerliiies ; the tail is set on as a tail ought to bo, but not always is ; the neeic is wonderfully massive and muscular ; the head has the truo shorthorn character, and is withal very kindly in expression, denoting the gooc| temper which the owner is known to pos»03<, and which is no moan factor in the process of pliysicol development. AVitli u constitution n'lisurpasseil, this fine six-year old bull is n most iiiiprossive sire, superseding in iilmoti, every cme the "iiidueiK^e of tho dam; he is, in fact, thoroughly prepotent in tho widest sense of the won., iniprcssiiig his individuality on sons and daughters alike. His dam wiis tho 'Ith Duchess of OInrenee, and his siro the I8tl-. Duko of Oxford, who was bn'd by the Duko of Devonsliirc. lie traces hack through Dnko-i of Claro, Wharfdale, York, and Northumberland, through Cleveland Lad, Uelvedere, V: s Ilubbauki, Kettoii 3nd 710, Oomek 155, and Favourite 2i2 j and nmoiig tho breeders' names are Bates and Colling, lliinter aud Thompson. Here is blue blood enough and to spare, with a repre- sentative ill every way an honour to it I Among tho younger bulls wo come to tho Duko of Oxford 'IGth, a most promising young animal of eighteen months, whoso sire is tho ■lUi Duke of Ularonoo, and dam tho Grand Diichosa of Oxford 2'Jth. He hua a great deal of the sire's eharncter in all resn.cts, and, if we mistake not, will prove n'worthy scion of a grand line. Next we find a beautiful ten months' bull, Baron Aeomb lltli, by tho same sire, and out of Aurora, a rich red roan in colour, shapely and substan- tial, and most promising withal. By the same sire, again, there aro Baron Kiiightley 5th, only four months old, 8th Duko of ICirklcvington, a few weeks younger still; Karl of Goodness 8th, Prince Victor 2nd, Roan Duko Odi, ditto 7tli and Htli, Waterloo Duke 2nd, Dukes of Bar- rington lltli and 12th, and Butterily'g Duko, animals whoso ages vary from two to nine months. There are also many excellent yearlings hy other sires, forming a collection of great merit. Among tho more celebrated and vuluablo females, we find Rose of Autumn Urd, a pure Man- talini, and a very choice animal ; she is now four years old, and a most beiiutiful oow, in-calf to Prince Leopold. This cow is simply grand in the shoulders, which are deep, clean, and beauti- fully set in. She has very fine bone, well-rounded ribs, a very small amount of offitl, and esceU lent roasting joints. Idho walks oU' the ground bravely and gracefully, and fills the eye wealthily as she pusses away. An excellent and well-preserved animal is Biitterily's Duohesa, bred b^ Mr. Game, of Churahill Heath, and imported. She has a wonderful substance, magnificent hind-quarters, and grand broad hips, with a top of surpassing breadth and evenness. Among the yoij.>iger females we come to Koynl Charmer 11th, ten mouths old. This e^cbUent youug animal has a beautiful skin, rich roan inoolour,aiid vorymellow to the touch, perfectly level top and even underlines, handsome head and neck, fine bone, clean and even paints, and neat as • new pin. It is wonderful what matronly models these young heifers lay hold of. I cannot find time to describe more than a tithe of those I should like to mention, aud it would, indeed, tak« a week to learn them properly first ; nor, in fact, do I pretend to have pioked out the best speci- mens so far, for where there are suoh a number of first-cluss animals, most of whom have many merits in comnioi>, while many of them have special points of excellence of their own, it would require the nicest judgment, formed after a long and careful inspection, to assign the many blue ribands which I should feel bound to award. Suflieo it to say, that here is a great herd of shorthorns, in which all the finest families are more or less represented, and that they are iluurishing in the best manner possible, and under conditions closely allied to nature. One of the most striking facts biought out in connection with the Bow Park herd is this— the best-bred animals are clearly the bcst-developod ones in size and beauty, while their consti- tution is just as clearly of the soundest and best. Xo doubt the way in which all tho animals alike are treated haa no little to do with the superb health which they all enjoy. In no sense aro they forced into condition by extravagant feeding. The food they get indoors is chiefly maize, of which stalk, leaf, and half-developed ear are passed together through the uhafF-cuttcr. The older cows and heifers, in fact, do not receive through the summer even this modicum of . r 1 f n.l . lh..v .1 ; >.nd it h .,uu.c.i ..,,.,...„« to «.. ti. excel. iiiiiiiiipiSi iiiiiinvo the lloeks, iih aliortlionia are to improve iho lieru^, ot t^aMiiilii. in nuy cii i, . . roLct belle- ll.un ll.ut of our Colswold Bhcop, or than of nn.ny ol tl,.« r'"''''";^."'^' ' .''; C:^l:<>V.^^ a rule, ueed improving i.. ^^^^^^^l^y; !^^:^'Z:ZZ'^. i\^n^ « K iu omoof the ProvinccB litllo or nothing would appear to luwo been done m ^ » J'J^«° 3; calud by an ciUurpriaiiig breeder of iifteon yearj oxpenonco : riiiiin-, feeding, and attendance flrat year, per head 2t doh. gcnond year, third year, 18 21 Total cost of fat bcunl weighing IGOO lb. CO dols. = rn ii. This would be about 4 dol«. I2i cents (Ifis. f.d.) per 100 lb. live weight, or 3^d pe' lb- on ,1-e dre sed meat At tl.e present rat'es of freight, in summer time. «"«'' "" "°'"^^VT I .a Cana ,Lve pool for £5 to £■!. including food a>id attondaneo. It u probable, n. /-»«*. "^' ^ana- ian bee^f will be landed m Liverpool, giving fair profits to all eoneerned a 5d. » 6d. a^ A neighbour of mine in Derbyshire, an intelligent '^"''''"S, "'""^^f '' " ^ A'' J''^^^^^^ ohildren, went out to Canada, some ten or twelve year. "S^V^ t'\ .'^''°"' f^^^Sic llinZe TT.vmo .i« nrldrcss with mo. I wrote to him, and ho came to loronto to niett mo. lus nomo Sr the present s'nCounTyGrry. Ontario, ^hero ho is farming 200 acres of rented land m idd irofto r :anUt$°of"lfis owJ: For tl e rented land he pays 75 cents an aera-or ..th r tl.i. i. what ho aerees to nav. or its equiviilcnt in some other form ; the lact is, no.vevei. mat ' imjr'vemenfs have ^Jo'roLn coVred the rent. The land is cleared, but tJie permanen mpiovcments done on it are such that they balance the rent ; those ""P^';'"^"'*^.^^;;/, °^ oncinir draininn. road-making, petting out stone.., and the like. Ho raises cattle and sheep , uSnfr a;e "fatWes with sll'o'rfhoru^.rosse.. the hUter too arc native, moi. or less impi.ved His fat ewes, sold in September, weight 180 lb., hve weight, on the average Ho « o** '^P" for shoop.feeding-a pracliee very popular and profitable on the limestone ^^^^ "^ ^f g^j;",; Improved lambs are worth 1 dollar apiece more than native \'»™>^5i ^''-V"^ ~\ '%i';^^^^^^ 5J cents, native lambs being worth 2 dollars to 2 dollar.. 50 cents Oat, fetch 30 to 31 ce„U . wheat, 90 to 100 cents ; white peas CO to 05 cents ; and barley, 50 to GO cents P^' »"^''«'- "' ploughs rape under for barley, and, alter barley, takes turnips, working "','6'"g> ^ J '^ we"P he land for them. He says that if butter fetches 15 cents a pound, tho farmers do well. C Uirvhen at7ete!.3to4.cents a pound, live weight, these are native cattle; improved n te . ewUV5to5icenU while Litton is ^-'1' t'° 'f '""'r.T't^^w'" ' fatTro ' the time of the year. My old neighbour is not afraid of work, and he l»»^ "^ « 'tario i) ^^^90 shrewd-US.; he thinks a man will do better renting than "'^"'"g'^'' ^7-'^."' ^"^^^^^^^^^^^ the rent is le..s than the interest on the money ; he has prospered hnaself in t mg ^" J- n't informs mo he is now worth upwards of JUIOOO. Ho would not have been worth oac.-lourtli ot it if he had remained in England. Ml. ./. /'. Sh>'hl„n\i /.\/...//. H It, a* tlicw liiw lii'cn sing to Bt'i) ll<0 cxcel- aro inilividuBllT i»nd K'P, to tlio»o of loHi , no »VJ^\\ of tuborou* iii-bvoil M they huyo clcariT cliniato than ni imiiiUy I'lijoyoil by licli tlio piiroat bliinit liomu admirutily Biiita i'iiiiH«p wlio viiiits llow ei'iioil, it ia <'U'Hr lliiit II Uiit-n , howcvei", •y, in IX rule — in tlie.-o IK Loii'O^tors ; but tin) It- in Hize. Tbn pigs, ,lio II'!?-' ii» ""^ Bnliuli imt. It is abuiuUntly lilt most of them are ot. betMi sti'onj? enough, done in tbi» dirootion. u yeiira' time wo shall eep, «i wi'U as a great ioning beef in Ciirmda, iiv has boon coinmuni- oli. ight, 01- 3^d. per lb. on animal would bo liinded t\e, ill fact, tliftt Cana- I, ot 5d. to 6d. alb. witli n lirgo family of lut £100 in his pocket, o nieot mo. His home ores of rented land, in ;nt8 an acre — or, rather, lio fact is, ho .\ever, that ired, but the permanent nprovoments consist of aises cattlo and sheep ; more or loss improved, erago. llo grows rape ne soils of Uerbysliire. iz., 3 dollai-a to 3 dollars 9 fetch 30 to 31 cents ; ;0 cents por bushel. Ho ', ridging, and manuring 1, tho farmers do well, native cattle; improved iccording to quality and 3 has his share of natiTo ' land in Ontario, because self in renting land, und loeii worth one-fourlh of 1 Win niii.'li ii.(ero«ic'l in ii trip made to Ura^ironl and Uini •, tlie lalt.i' a h'aiilifiil Ki.vii .m nn arm of 1,'ikn Siincop. At both tlii-'e towiK we liad a nneliMv' of fnriiiiTi in llie cj.niiii;, iupI n livi'lv iliJcii^Mon on iijirlonltunil topic. The In iiicrii aroiiml linidfoi'd doclareil tlinl tlic'v lia 1 more than held I'leir own, dcxpito the bad tiiiie'< of the past four or live yearn. 'I'liey roiiitLlered their capilnl cinployed in rai-minj» lial at alt ereiiu piid live per eeiit. per nnnnin diiiin;? that period of ilepi-e-sio'i), Previooilv, a fanner o'cpeele.l to buy and piv I'.n- an e\liM fann "Very i'i(r|il or ten years but of lite years lliev have not been aMe to do wo. The lainl about llni Iford in a rlavev loam, come of it altno-'t n eliv, and, n* a role, it, j. well fanned. More or 1 •■•s livo Moek an''kepf, and tli, land is farni,-.l in rolalioin whieli am far from iirbilnivy o' rei,Miliii-. Wheat is liken ii;)w and a(,'ain; niaiiBc!', (■a^•ol^ turnips etc., are t;rowii, mid the linid is generally needed down witli a white erop i if with untnmii wheat, tho liinolliy is sown ni tho untiimn iiiid the clover in tlii' i»pring. It. is iieodhMt to su.,';;e4 anythin;! to the fanner* of nradford, except thai they kv-p aniiiiii/ livo stoi'k us no-isible, making the other operations of tho farm snb^iiliary to tliein ; tho livo stock then will do their pari in maintaining and inereasiii'^ tlie fertility of the farm-". Ihid the )ileasuro of being present nt the a'.;rieiiltnnil allows of Toronto, Hamilton, nivl Montreal, and I may say that 1 have oeun no shows in Knglmid, ex;'opt tho Koyal and the Ihil'i and West of Knjjland, "that cm claim to bo nhea 1 of tlunn in a;;','rei,Mto merit. Tiic Montre.il •how is a new on \ and in a short time will also be a ' ery good one, no d iiibt ; in any c is,), it« permanent buildings aro tho best I have soon, either in Cianiidi or the .States. The Cana liaiH throw thenielves with groat spirit into entorprisos of this kind, an 1 these shows aroagr^;;'^ credit and ornament to tho Dominion. Tho school nceommodation of tho settled districts of Canada, and tho fiualit.y of the oluei. tion given to tho c:hildren, aro among tho lountry'a greatest morits and ornamonts, The scliool- iloiHos are frequently the most prominent bniidin^M in many of tli'! towns and village--, ami thronghout tho Dominion the cluoation of the young is regarded n» a nuiti r of vital import- ance, and Olio of tho highest duties of citizenship. Kvorywiiero primary c Ineation is free, tho poor man's child ciijoymg advantages o pial to tho rich man's, and oven in tho higher branches of education in tho colleges the fees aro merely nominal, the State nrnvidin'^ all Ihu machinery and defraying nearly all the coat. The pliieationof all children between the ages of seven mid twelve is compulsory, and Acts of I'arliamont are in force under which dcliminont parents mny be lined for neglecting to send tlioir children to school. It is impossible not to discern in thcao provisions one of tho surest pledges tho future greatness of the country, imA they obviously provide the poor man with advantages greater than those ho will meet wilh in most parts of Engl Old. One of the llr-t duties of a new district is to erect a school-house with ample necom- modution; and so imluied aro tho people with tho need and wisdom of such an act, that tho provision is mad.- wiili alacrity. Sectarian diireronccs arc arranged by tho crcBtion, wlieic ncoessarv, of aepa e schools, but in any case, tho children aro bound to bo educated. It imiy bo true I'lint tho •<; .port of tlio high sehooU shonl I come in a larger measure from tho-o who benellt hv Ihein, and in timo no doubt this part of tho educational question will bo in or.> or loss modille I, yet it cannot bo denied that if tho Provincial Oovcrnments Imvo orred at all in this matter, they have erred on tho right side. It is not competent for me to go farther into tho question in" this report, but it is impoitant to notify to intending emigrants that, at all events, their children are sure to be provided, according to tho measure of each one's capacity, with tho knowdedf^e whieti is power. Among educational institutions tho Ouclph Agricultural CoUego occupies an honoumblo position. The College was iinfovtuiialoly not in session when I was there, and the President and Profeasor of Agriculture were both away at the Hamilton show, so that I saw the Collogo and farm under unliivourablo conditions. The Professor of Chemistry did nil that lay in his power, however, to give mo facilities for seeing tho educational machinery of tho College, as well as the farm buildings, tho farm, and tho stock. The following day I had the pleasiiro ot meeting Mr. Mills, tho President, and Mr. Brown, the Professor of Agrienlture, at Hiimilton. It is salisfaetorv to know that the College is being more appreciated and employed year by year by those for whoso licncUr it was established. Increased aecommodation is now being provided, and there is a prospect of the College even becoming self-sustaining in timo. Already it i' u ilourisliiiig, though quite a young institution, and its itilluonce is being felt on the .igricnlluro of the Province. Tlio students receive an agricultural education, in which science is happily bleudod with practice, and theory is borne out by demonstration. Tho farm cjnsists of soino EJ50 ocrcs, on which a variety of experimentnl and practical crops are grown, and ucverul kinds of puiobrcd English shcep"and cattle aro kept, which, in their turn, wi.l have an important cHect on tho country's future. Tiio taxation in Ontario is light, as it is cvcrvwhere else in the Dominion thit I have been. At first sight it would seem to be heavier than in some of the o'iicr Provinces, yet it is not really so. It is asscised on tho basis of valuation of properly and in this sense diflers but elightlv from the other Provimes. Land, and rcul properly" generally, leaving out of cou- 20 Mr. J. J', aluidoiis lUjioii. f i f 1 If t gideration swell cilies ns Montreal and Qmbec, is niorcTnhinble in Ontario than olscwlierc, yet flic total tiixatioii, including echool-rntes, does not often pobejond 25 to 30 cents an ncro, wliilo it frequently fulU below tl.osc funis. Some (lietrictslmTe public properly wliieli neiuly provides all tlic public money tlint is needed, and olliers uro the more lu'nvily rated for the present in order to wipe oil' bums of money wliieli were given ns bonuses to new railways passing tlnouuih tlieni. llut nowhere did I meet with an instuneo in which taxation may be regarded as reiilly burdensome ; yet it will be expedient for new-eou.ers to make inquiry into tliese matters bcfuro purchasing farms. In the matter of nsiessing land for taxatii n, the farmers appoint a commission to value II, and it is revalued cacli year if tl'.ought rxpedii-nt. Jf n;iy dispute aviso the hind is looked over again, and tho dispute may be privately settled by ihc judge. PraeticulJy the farmers ho'.d their taxation in their own handj", for no direct imijeriul taxation is levied. Tlic farming in many jiarts ot Ontario is of a higlier order than 1 had been led to expe.-;t. West of Toronto, us veil as norlii of it, I euw niiiny farms iii u condition which wouhl bo no discredit to any country whatever, but u great credit to most. 1 have to regret that my time did not admit of my taking more than a glance at tho Eastern Townships of tliis Province, because I am persuaded lliere is niiieh excclKiit hind in them, and R good opening for Eiiglifli farmers. 'Jliey are siliialc between the cities of Montreal and Quobe>, and niav some of the cities of the United States, in all of wliieii there are good markets for farm produce. The land, moreover, is much lower in price flian in the better jiortions of Ontario, and farms for most part cleared and fenced, in a fair state Of cultivation, and pos- sessing good houses and buildings, may be bought at the rate of JCl or £o an acre. The dis- trict is rolling and the soil loamy ; it is also \.ell supplied witii water, a valuable feature in dairy-farming and stock-raising. The climate is healthy, for it is here that Sir. Cochrane has raised his excellent shorthorns, and where he is now beginning to raise high-class Herofords in the place of their.. The agriculture of Quebec, generally speaking, is susceptible of improTenieiit, and the snnio may bo said of its cattle, sheep, hordes, and pigs. In iiiimy parts tiie farmers plough tho ' lands ' loo narrow, as if the soil were very wet. If such be the ease, it were better to iinder- dniiii it. I noticed that grasses and clovers grew best in tho numerous furrows. The fences of Quebec, as a rule, ore quite iqiial to those of any (itlicr I'roviiice, and probably superior, because, being straight rail fences, they uro not such a harbour for weeds as the ziyzajj ' buake- fences ' too commoiily are. KOVA ECOTtA. Of this province, too, I am unable to say very much, as I had not facilities for in?pectin» it equal to those wilh which 1 was provided elsewhere. In the neighbourhood of Truro I saw some useful loiid, m the Vale of Annapolis al^o, some of which is not easily excelled in any part of the Dominion. I was recommended, by his Excellency the (Jovernor-Gencral, to pay a visit to this fertile region, and I may fairly say that I should have missed a treat if 1 had not done so. The finest portion of the valley is found in the Keiitviile district, and in Cornwallis, in King's County ; and the great feature of the locality is found in tho djke-lands, which havo been re<'laiuied Iroui the Bay of Fundy. Of the nature of these kiids 1 shall havo to speak at some length in niy remarks about New Brunswick, which Province also has ii largo area of tlicm. There is, however, some very f no upland in the valley, which is admirably adapted to the growth of roots and grain, and to tlio raising of live stock of various kinds. The apples of the Annapolis Valley are famous in many countries, and though they do not surpass tlioi^e of Oiiturio, they arc an ornament to the country, and a source of prolit to the people. It is probable that there is room for a limited iiu:-ibcr of English farmers in Nova Scotia, but, so lur as I saw it, it does not offer induecraents equal to those of the adjoining Provinces, The country for some distance out of Halifax cannot ever become valuublo farming land, a great part of "it being what is termed a 'hard country,' that is, rocky nnd short of soil, riilNCB edwaiid's islakd. In some respects this is one of the most beautiful provincrii of fhc Dominion, and it lin« probably tho largest ]>roportion of cultivable land. The soil generally is a red sandy loam, of one character thionghout, but diH'eiiiif in quality. On tho whole, the grass-land of the island, and Ihe cliai'acter ol tho swartl, roi:,-:^hiig cs it (k.c* of iiidi>;cnous clovers and a variety of th.; liuvr grusice, reniiinicl nic sivoiiy'.y of muuc porlions of Old Eugliiud. The people, "too, :..iu BM.'^lwr. Mr. J. /'. iSheldon's Rrpnyt. 21 niavio than olsowliere, yet to 30 cents an ncro, wliilo •rty wliicli iicuily provides \y rated for tlio present in ' rnilwiiys passing thioii,u;li nmy bo regarJcd os rciilly y iuto these matters bci'uro a commission to value il, iso tlie land is looked ov.p •niticuUy tlic farmers lio'd levied. I liad been led to expe.--t. idiliou wliicli would bo no inn a planco at tlie Enstcvii ■xeelKnt liind in tlicin, and ;lie cities of Montreal and lieii there are good markets n in the belter jiortions of ate Of cultivation, and pos- 1 or £5 an acre. The dis- utcr, a valuable feature in lere that Sir. Cochrane has I raise high-class Ilerefords improTemcnl, and the same ts the farmers plough the ise, it ^^•ere belter to under- arous furi'ows. The feiires nee, and probably superior, ivecds as the zigzag ' buake- not facilities for in?ppctin» ighbcurhood of Truro I 8a^Y It easily excelled in any part aovernor-Geiicral, to pay a missed a treat if 1 had not : district, and in Cornwallif, I the djke-lands, which have II in my remarks about New is, however, some very fiiio roots and grain, and to tlie j Valley are famous in many e an ornament to tlic country, room for a limited nuriber not offer induecmcnts equal itauco out of llahlax cannot is termed a ' Lard country," f the Dominion, flnd it liflS M-ally is a rod sandy loam, of , the prass-land of the island, clovers nnd a variety of tlu! gluud. The people, too, ui'O mnrp Knnllph in nrpehrancc than those of any of the other I'lovmces, with the rjoeption of Kew llrnnswiek. 'inis is probably owinf? to a cooler chmnto and the contiguity of the sea. The hotter climate and (he drier air of the West seem to deprire the cheeks of some of the ( <,luur The summer climate of the island appears to be almost every thins that can be rtesirecl, hut the winters are very long ; the Northnmbtrlninl Straits being frozen, the people ore isolated from the mainbin-l during the winter, unless, indeed, they cross over on the ice-a thing wliicli niav bo done, and I believe not uncommonly is. .,.,.,,• x • .i i. . i» One of the most annoying circnmstanees in connection with the island winters is tills . it commonly happens that in spring numbers of icebergs llnd their way through the Str»its oi Uclle Isle, and collecting in the northerly hall-moun const of the island, inelt^ there slow y, relardin? vegetation sometimes a forlnight or move. The pen,.le believe that if a breakwater were thiwvn across tie Straits of 13ellc Isle the climate of the Gulf of St. Lawrence would be vnstlv improved, and there are some who incline to the belief that m tins event the St. Lawrence would be navignblo the year round ; if such results were at all hkely to follow the cloPing of the straits, why— the sooner they are closed the better. ,,.,., Prince Edward's Island is covered with a soil that is easy to cultivate, sound and healtby, enpable of civimr excellent crops of roots, grain, and grajs-an honest »oi! that will not fail to respond to the skill of the husbandman. For sheep, particularly, the island appears to bo well adapted, for the soil is light, dry, and sound, growing a thick-set, t^ender, and nutritious herbage. For cattle, too, it is suitable, though perhaps less so than for shoop. lor iiorses the island has been famous for ;i long time, a.id American buyers pick up most of tlioSe there are for sale. It is not improbable, in fact, that taking them for all in all, the horses of the island are superior to those of any other Province ; it seems, in fact, to be in a sense the Arabia of Canada. The sheep, as a rule, are fairly good, but open to .mprovement ; the cattle, generally speaking, are inferior. Many of the sheep arc now being ' r.orted to England, and the day I sailed from Quebec, Mr. Senator Carvell was shipping '.'no 1200 of them, most of which were of very fair quality. This gentleman, to whom I am indebted for ™«ch knulness and information, informs me that sheep from the island cost 16s. a head m freight, fbod, and nttendanco, by the time they reach Liverpool, besides which there la insurance, which rarics from 2 to 10 per cent., according to tlio season of the year. ^ , „ ^ „ , . It cannot but be regarded as a good thing for the island that Mr. CarTell has opened up a trade in this way, and it will be an inducement to the people to go more into sheep-raismg-- nn industry for' which the island is speeijilly adapted, 'i^he cattle at present are not good enoueh for the English market, and they are not worth taking over. The Provincial GoTern- luent has established a stock-farm near Charlottetown for the dissemination of better blood through the flocks and herds of the island ; but so far the farmers have not avivilcd themselves n-i thev ou"ht to do of this great advantage. Tiio new trade with England w'lll, however, m all probability cause tliem to put their .houhlers to the wheel and to bring their cattle up to the level of tlic sheep. Leef and mutton are very cheap at present on the island ; stall-fed beef in spring can be bought at 31 cents a lb., live weight, and grass-fed beef in October was worth onlv2.i, while dressed beef by the side could be bought at 4 to 5 cents per lb. ; lamb and mutton by the quarter, and of very nice quality, was being sold in the markets at 5 cents per lb. Lambs were worth from 6s. to lOs. c:.ch, and ewes, lOs. to 18s. ; while fat wethers and ewes were bought at IDs. to 20s. By ixporting a few thousands yearly to England the price of sheep will increase on the island, Tho farmers com].lain that they receive but 17 cents per lb. for their wool •, but so long as they theer unwashed sheep they must submit to low '""ll'ie island crows very good wl.cut, and probably better oats than most other parts of the Dominion. Of tlie former, the crops •.re from 13 to :10 bushels, and of the latter, 2o to /O bushels per acre. Barley, too, s may l.e expected, makes a very nice crop \Vheat at lie time of my visit was worth ds. per bnshel of CO lb., oats Is. Od. per bushel of 3i lb., and bai ey i!s Od. to 3s. per bnslicl of -18 lb. V.'inter-wlieat is regarded as a piveanous crop, being ImUle to be thrown out of the loose soil by tho thaws in spring. The same thing holds good m Manitoba, and in Ontnrio I found that the farmers consider there is danger on the one hand, with winter-wheat thai, is too far advance.l wlien winter sets in, of having it smothered by a too heavy fall of snow lying too long, c»pecially on damp land ; and on the other, of having it throw itself out of the ground by the heaving of the frosts and thaws of spring. In this event the dead plants may afterwards be raked oil' tho land like so much hay. There is indeed, on these loose soils, room .or the cxerci^f. of .judgment in the sowing of the groin. Many tanners consider it a good thing to drill it in -.lorth and south as a protection against the prevalent west winds, while others trv tho experiment of leaving a row of old cornstalks •tanding at mterva.'s of IB or 20 feet. AUtliis is done to prevent the wind blowing the snow olf the plant and so exposing it to the withering frost, for snow is indeed a protection if there is not too much of it ond the laud is dry. , . , , i r * „„ Ihe island is noted for its larRC crops of excellent potatoes, which not uncommonly foot up S2 Mr. J. P. .S/i'ldotig lujort. to 2',0bu^lipU an ncro of fino l.n,Ml-onic tuber?. At tlie time of my visit tl.oy w.mv wortli only 15 to 2 coi uTbu XlJ^ tariff of 15 cents a bushel imposed by tlie Amcnmus on t^^an,„lKm lotlLs hrvi,^^^^^ killed a onco Inv.e export tr.de of potatoes to Ibo 8t« e«. Swedes maka Kne c op. no? uneomnionly ro^eliins 750 busbeU per ncre of sound nnd 'olid bulb. Tlic iplnnd possesses one ndvantn«e wln.'b is unique nnd immensely valunble I lefer now to its il iek bed of ' mussel nnul.' or ' oy.te, -inn.i.' xvlneb nre found in nU the bays nnd nvor- ;,o« s Te deposit, «l,ieh is eommouly many feet thiek, eonsists of tlie organic remains of ^CnV ei, m.nerat 0,8 of oysters mussels, elams, and otber bivalves of the ocean, and of crusta- !Z „n iSRe^e iS The sl.ells ar; .eue.'ally mo,-o or less intact embedde I lu a densa deZit o mudTo ff, wbi.h is found to bo a fertiliser of singular viiluo and poteney. 'J ho Spy of it i" sa d to be almost inexliaustible, an.l it is indeed a mine of great «eu lb lo bo island It i also found to sonu, extent on tbe ea.t coast of Nova Scotia and ^e«r Hrunswiek. A good dre sing o it '-^b'-"-'--^ '■^'•■'i'i'.v '" '^ "'"'^"'^ ""'""^"" *" ''"i r°"''' ''"'' V t"'- ^"Za aftuHt qmte uxuriantlv, and, as it ^;•elv, indigenou-ly ; by its aid heavy crops ol turnips ad notatocs^nn, raise and in''"- fi^l'^nes, wb.di a e a source of considerable wealth to the Province. There are, however complaints that too many farmers have been tempted into the fishing business, to the neglect o ihcir farms ; tb. t between two Lois these men have fallen to the ground, and that the land is sometinies blainod f^or losses which really come of neglecting it. I was assured on the highest authority that farmers who have minded their business, have been steady, nnd have used a moderate supply of common- sense in their dealings, have made farndng pay and become independent I^'^ "•"!";" '> ";■'» is indepen.lcnt ou a smaller sum in Prince Edward's Island than he wouM be in Ii.ugland, b .t at the same time thei-e are luimerous evidences of hnppincgs and conleatment among the ''^"it^appcars to mo that Englishmen of moderate ambit icm would find Iiomes congenial to their tastes in this beautiful Province, and 1 have an impression that, with cattle and sheep raising and fattening for the Englisli market, better limes are in store for these hospitable and kindly i«landcr», many of whom I shall always remember with feelings of more tlmn ordinary kiud- nees. For agricultural labourers there is plenty of omploynient at good lat.s of pay. A man will Ect 80 dollars to 150 dollars per annum, plus board nnd lodging; (n>, minus board and lodsmg, but with cottage, keep of a cow, and an acre of land for potatoes, will receive 1 .0 dollars to 200 dollars in cash. 1-arming, a.-'ter all, cannot be bad wnero sue i wages are paid to men, and there is every inducement lor the farmer and his family to do all llie work they can within themselves. Kcw Trer:;s\viC'ic. Apart from its wenMi in timber nnd mincn-ls, the latfrr ns yet only jnst he^hiiung to ho .velnned, the Province of >'.w Jirunswiek is uvll adapted to the puivu.ls ut nuneullure. In cveial portions of the Ihovince there me ^olls which have certain very remarkable (enturcs niul d fcve jn'opeities; nnd in nuiiiy other portions 1 found > cleared of timber, deep in einple, nnd rich in the ace, nulaird fertility of many centuries. ■ ordering on the beautiful valle- of the St. John Kiver hnve every I Sdile Ihiit a-e easy to cullivate when onco 1 iiulaird fertility of many centnric: y Wany of the upland soils bord „ , , , . , , .,■. r .i „ indication of being well adapted to stock raiding, pnrtieul.^iiy of ovinc stock. 1 liey are fw the most part sandy or gravelly looms, soinelim.s ,.,,pro.u-hlng to stilfi ess, but generally friab e, rarvina no doubt, in depth ami n„idi(v, but liuidly anywhere r--od fir rotlmi-. It is probable, in iact; lint, ^ ila -.liu cxi'cption ol Ji'iince Edward's Island, New Bn.iiswiiu bus a larger propor- tion of cdtivuMe sjils than any of the older Provinces of the Domirion. . ., . So f.ir, however, the ecttkd pnrtsof the I'rovinee are chielly along, or adjarent to, the rivers which drf;iii tV.s couatry ; but there are yet many millions ofneics not appropriated as good i:i all f r:b:ilil:tj. for agricultural purposes as those that are- if wo ir.nke eieeptioa of the djkc .Vr. J. P. Shrld'Ji,'.. U^r ;■(. 23 • wi'i'o worth only mils on C.iniiclian }». Swedes iiinka biilb.j. ,e; I refer now to B buys niul rivor- •jranic rrmiiiiia of in, and of eriist:!- edilc'l in a donso nd potency. Tho •at wcullli lo tlio [1 New Hninswii.'k. j\U ; clowr grows pa of tnrnips nnd hie nnd appliciiblo r by yeiir throwing », below low-water 'oui;li tlic ioo until d to letcli np the I heaps until it ic time, but there arc at 5 doUiivs to ?." cents an aere, uc- Bof tho other Pro- nround tho island. (Isheries, whicli are lints tlnit too many irins ; that between letinu's blamed for hority that farmers supply of coinnion- t is true that a mini le in ICngland, bv.t .'iitment among the ca con;x»'nial to their ! and sheep raisiii;; )spitahlo and kindly Minn ordinary kind- rs of pay. A man r, minus board and JOS, will receive 1 iO li wa;»es are paid to II the work they can j.iut he!?hinin:» to h'O of Hi;ii.'\i!lure. In larkahlc features and eullivato wlien oneo ■ of many eentnries. in Kiver have every k. Tliey are for the lit poneiidly friable, liiii|v It is probable, I has a larger proper- idjiirent to, the rivers roi)riafod, in good, i:i leption uf the 'djkc ' * nnd ' intervMle ' 1 iiuU. But these unsettled portions are fc^r the most part slill eo/ered with n dense growth of timber, and I should hiirdly fancy that English farmers aro cither lilted for or would like the task of clearing it off. The work of clearing theae lands is, indeed, horculcnn, but it is generally supposed that the timber will i)ay for it. Tho land may bo cleared at n cost of 12 to 20 dollars an acre, nnd it is said that a Canadian backwoodsman will cut down an acre of heavy timber in three or four days. Let us take tho now settlement of New Denmark as an instanoo of what may be done. Seven years ago tho locality was covered with a dense forest, nnd the Danes who emigrated to it were very poor ; now hundreds of acres are cleared, and aro producing abundant crops of grain and vegetables, some of which are of a superior character, and the land supports a happy i.iid prosperous colony, which in time will be a wealthy one. It is not too much to say that the condition of tliesc people is far better than it would liavo been in tho land of their birth. Take again the Scotch settlement of Nnpan, on tho Miramichi : here we have fclso a favourable illustration of what thrift nnd industry will do. Tho settlement is mainly Seotsh, but there are a few Irish among them, some of whom have prospered. One Irish farmer wo met had beeoino woiillhy, 'and,' sitid a countrymnn of his to me, 'wo call him Barney llothschild itself !' It is at once ;)leasant and instructive to eco these new settlements, for they are only what will bo found all ovwr t!ie I'rovinco in course of time. It would seem probable that a number of English fa-in-liibourers might do tho same, starting with free grants of land covered with timber, nnd clearing it as far as circumstances would admit of. They would in any case meet with encouragement from tho Gorcrnmeut and people of tiio I'rovinco, nnd with industry their reward would bo sure. Generally speaking, the sheep of Kew Brunswick are tolerably good, producing very nice r.'.ulton, and it does not appear that any special elVort at improving them is at present called fdr. But the cattle generally are very inferior, and here it is that ellorts nt improvement aro urgently required. It appears to me tliat good sliorthorn, polled Aberdeen, or polled Norfolk blood would bring about tho desired change. I saw, however, many cattle in tho neighbour- hood of Sackville that are good enough for all practical purposes, and fit for tho export or ony other trade. Uere, then, tho 'blue noses' have an example in cattle-breeding set them ill their own country. It is clear that the climate nnd the soil are lit to produce excellent cattle, nnd if we find comparatively few such, it is man's fault, not tlie country's. Ontario is a long way ahead of any of tho other Provinces in cattle, and this will give her, in tho new trade, a lead which cannot easily bo taken away. The soils I have spoken of [as possessing certain remarkable features and properties are the ' dyke" and the ' intervale ' lands. Both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are celebrated for the former, while the latter are a peculiarity of New Brunswick, in the valley of tho noble river St. John. The dyke lands of both Provinces nro found bordering on the inlets of the Bay of Fundy. Those I saw in Nova Scotia are in the neighbourhood of Kentvillo and Amherst; in New IJrunswick I saw them at Dorchester and Sackville. As tho name suggests, they are dyked in from tho sea, from which they havebeon from time to time reclaimed. In many cases marsh grass is cut from saline swamps which have not yet been dyked, ond over which tho high tides for which tlio Bay of Fundy is noted, still during certain teisons, continue to flow. The grass is made into hay in the best way possible under tlio circumstances— on the ridges of higher land, on platforms, etc. — and is stacked on a framework which is raised several feet obovo the land, supported on piles ; and it is a cnrious sight to see the water flowing under the stacks and in and about the piles when the lido is at its height. In one case I counted, near the town of Annapolis, upwards of MO of these stacks, each of them containing a ton or so of hay. They are put up in this manner hurriedly, and arc fetched into tho farmyards, in winter, as they are wanted, to uso along with ordinary hay, with straw and with roots, to which they are found to form a tolerable though coarse addition. But the dyke-lands proper nro so fenced in from the water by a strong b.i-.ik of earth thrown up some six or eight feet high, with u broad and substantial base, that the land within them is firm and solid, of excellent quality, aud eovced with a tliiek sward of coarse thougli vigorous and nutritive grass. Th .' fertility of these reclaimed soils is unusually high ; they are never manured, but they cut on the average upwards of two tons of hay to the acre— a yield which has been sustained for njoiiy years, and shows no signs of running out. Tho land, however, under this ayslem of farming is found to become weedy in the course of time and it becomes expedient to plough up portions of it in rotation, at intervals of ten or twelve years, taking one crop of wheat or oats, with which now grass seeds nro sown, to form the new sward which is desired. This once ploughing is found to kill the weeds for the tim'a being, nnd they do not again become very troublesome for s oino years ; nnd when nt length they da, the land is simply ploughed up ngnin in (he way described. These bottom-lands nro valuable acquisitions to tlio upland farms adjoining, most of which have more or less of thoiu attached j and they do much tovurds inainlainiug the fertility of the 21 Mr. J. r. 'ShcI'lun'n Rqwrl. >r ii. ,,,,u„a.,..,i.«n,«,.n„,..,.,;r™„,,— ^^^^^^^^ mo.cing on the 1st of Se,.te.nbor. a ^^ .mj» ^^^,j j^ j^.jj^ „„ t,,e nvubev appointed to place a valuu on f "f " »" ^ P",^ ;''" ^ followB that w. see an.l kind of animaU he ^I'-'ll »-" ,f^' r':^^;!^;,.? feed at will. see very largo tracts uix'l kind of animals lie siiaii senci .o. i""""'"*"- ^■{7.,- . ..will of land'on which Kundved. of eatt le voam about - - ".^j;!;;,.,,^ „,, ^hero is .till a lar«o '11,0 extent of these dyke-lands i» saul •-« /^ J^^™ ' ^.^; ayk.-d by tlio French, previous to area to be recUimcd. A large p.rt.ou of "l-^J^^^, ;,;f, „^„,,s they were taken pns.e.sio., ,l,e conquest of Fort Bcausejour "' 1'^^^; ./T ^''^ ^J,. nt of them from the Crown. The „f by the English set lers. ^ ''Vlflt'r.il fro. oi O^t dc-llars to twenty dollars per acre, and ..xpenso of dykinf? fresh '"';;">"-'«" J '£, uc , hykos .u.d aboideaux adopted by .lie first it IS worthy of note that «'=« «.V«^'-'"\°i,'-r^!,^nisfom of cultivation is very simple, and con- 1-reneh settlers is the ono «"' 9"'l','^y^^, oo.l^L 1, ," 3 fout wide at the top, 2 f.H ■) inches *iHs of surface drauiiMK by cuUugd.tces-ja^^a^n^^^^^ afterwards the laud is deep, and sloping *» l/";^,''^"^ !, ^Ji]''«own^^^^^^^ und needed down with timothy and ploughed in iidges of 0 to, 8 feet wiili, »"''" ^ descrintion, and it would seem to ir.o ilovc.s. It then yields large evops of grass o a - ,, ^^ ^ ^ P'^,^,'„,,.i,,g ,vould iucroase the tl,at careful draining, generous "'It nation, ami ihsa mil. i, ^.n.aevised system of .,,,,.,i,,y. or at all events improve .'•" 'i;''^i7,/f„, J^f fi"e percolation of raiu-walcr .Irainage. carried out in ^ ''7'''»'*"f^"\3Yv lose much of the saline eleme.it which at pre- through them, these dyke-lauds ^""I'V ^™^ . 'r ™raiid they would become fitted to t'ho sent is not favourable to the growth 0 the inc B^.^J^Xy^e^y ,a i,„ g,eatly improved growth of roots, green crops, and gram, wh''>- "« 1 '*" J / gupgests, found in the valleys. ^ The ' intervale lands ' of iNew Brunswick are «s the "»'«« J^^, ^ ^,^^,^^ ^^,^^,„. The name is peeuliu.-ly ^PP-P-;'' -^^^PX :i ,0 ," tV atniuL and purposes, with this lands or alluvial soils. They are, lU fact, alluvial sous i„,,ervale lands consist peculiarity, they are still i'V:r'''^'L°^iv sue \n t e m g. il cut river St. John ; but for th, of islands in the rivers-and there '''•«"'*Vy/"''' , ^;;" "^fso ne eases several miles wide and most part they are leve banks °" «.«f 7'*^" °{, '''"Xm ramparts of the valleys they enclose, reaching to the feet of the lulls, ^^'"^ ,f '^ *S„"f;; rtley roduce is very good. Like the These intervale la.ids are r.ch .n q""*]' fA;^"^ "'^f^ jyke-la ids, in fact, have such a deep ex- dyke-lands, they need "» V'**" T"'^^/ n\!^ maiiu.^^n ' iJ superlluous ; but the intervale Uds cellent deposit of unusual "^ '' l^J', ^i";'^ ^^^^^ each spring by the freshets of receive a periodical manuring i the f P°''' ^'' "'' 'f' .eve.'al weeks in the spring of the year, the rivers: They are, in fact, Uooded ^''''.f j^^^T ."^ o ad(l fertility to an already rich „ud the deposit left by the '•«-'^';'e wf^ ^ ' 1^"^ A cl o-^o of rich alluvial mud deposited growth of cereal, 'oo^,''"'^ T"!' "Tr f ha e ein thein in 0^^^^^^^^ "owherc belter vha.i particular do remarkably well wherever ^^\*;,^,,^f^'-". ;Xu is spec ally desirable, for they ^ro r„ New Brunswick. Lilt e, U "^A "S and ti™ of coSrsc well inured to the soiU-d ^°t^e .re in thU Province .jUions oUcre. ^l — ^t^^SdttS laS^ ^ SS^l'iidES^^—^^ of cleared farms which can be b"^'g » ; ;> e^^J.^ °'^^^^^^^^^^^^ l. Old Country, especially of £3 to £8 an acre, and it scem.^ to me "/f " P'''°*;^\' „ j^ ^^11 in this Province. So far as if he has a rising family to ic.p him cou^^^^^^^^ ,^, home here, and there the people are concerned, an ^' 6^^ /;""^' j^^augo , paiuful disillusion. The geographical is nothing in the soil or chmato *'";' «°^^'f„^''"'/ * the notice of the Old Country ppsition of these mantune P^^'^f « K^^^ ''^tTastrs^ew cl^^^ nearness to Britain. s^sritin;:^uj[^:^i!^^5?5j-^ ^/r. J. P. ShfffJ'in'n li'ijinrt. 26 yke-livnds nro in ere, in a country orlions of tlicso t fencod tff from nietiiiios several couibinnd, ooin- !0 of aasBisors i* 0 on tho ni'nbpv very largu traoU •0 is jtill a larfjo incli, previous to taken pnssessioi) he Crown. Tlia lars per acre, and opted by llio (h-st hiniplo, and eon- )p, 2 fott i) incbos rards tba land is (itii tiinotUy and vonld seem to ir.o ;)uld increase tliB levised system of ion of rain-wiiler jcnt wliich at pre- oomo fitted to t'lio tly improved, nd in the valleys, call tlicm bottoin- ui'poses, with tliis I'vale lands consist Jolin ; but for the ftl miles wide, and dleys they enclose, y good. Like the ve such a deep ox- he intervale lands g by Die freshets of ipring of tho year, to an already rich ivial mud deposited freshets ; and thcr tly adapted to tuo o" stock. Shoe) in jwliero belter vhaii irable, for they ire nred to the soil Hid at the same tiin.i, cut basis on wliicii. )lood from the Old ' a heavy growth of dituro of labour to t there arenunihera III them, at the rate Country, especially rovince. So far as )me here, and there Tiio geographical ( of the Old Country aearness to Britain, i strong induceinent ep which is rapidly g in those Proviuoei a profitable liii'inc^s to those who have the will and tlio judgment to lay themselves out to pro- duce live stock of the quality which will find favour in England. 1 must not omit to mention, with warm feelings of pleasure and gratitude, the unbounded courtesy and kindness which were extended to me by the Llentenant-Qovernor of the Provinc, by all tiio members of the government, by various ofllcials, railway and steamboat raanagers, niid by private gentlenu^n and otliers, in every part of the I'rovince I had the good fortune to visit. Tiie niemory of my visit to New Bi-uii'swick will be a source of pleasure to me as long as I may live, and I shall not cease to entertain fcehngs of more than ordinary friendliness toward many persons whoJe acquaintance 1 hod the pleasure of making under Bueh happy ai'spices. It danliot bo denied that to the average Engli,''hman Canada is n oonntry considered to bo chiody noted for fur-bearing animals, Esquimaux, Tndinus, and winters of extraordinarv severity. It may be these, but it is sonietliing more. It is a country abounding in agrieulturnl and niincriil wealth, and it is a great country for timber. It has vast areas of excellent land, un- surpassed in fertility, and suited to tlie'growtli of many crops. Tt has already many thousand.s pf prosperous and pleasant farms, and in a few years' lime will have many thousands more. It abjunds in game and (isli, in llie live stoi k of tlie farm, in fruit, and in cultivated crop.s. It is true that tlie winters are severe, but 1 iim assured alike in Manitoba and Prince Edward's lildiid, in Onl-.rio and New Bruaswiok, tliiit tlie winters .n-e bracing and healthy, full of enjoy- ment, and fur more tolevublc than a seveic winter in England or Scotland ; though tlie ther- niomcfer may now and again full to aoa below zero, tlie atmospliere is always dry, and »o tlie Cold is not felt- as severely as a inueli less extreme degree is in a damp climate. The farmers of Canada work, it is true, hut I doubt if they work as hard as we are in the habit of tliiukinj:. But in any case tliey work— not to ilo so would demoralise the men— and it seems that a drone cannot well exist in the atmosphere there. I believe I am correct in sayinj,' that the dignity of labour is more generally honoured in Canada than in England, and a.s there arc fewer idlers, men in rags are scarcer. I do not, in fact, remember seeing more than two or three men in laga in the whole of my wanderings, and not many diity, except tho Indians, and not always these. Yet the farmers have not all plain sailing, nor do they grow rich without industry and thrift. Every country has its disadvantages, and Canada is no exception. There are sometimes violent storms which do injury to the crops and stock ; sometimes they are troubled with grasshoppers, but their visits are few and far between, and thev have only made their appearance about six times during tho last llfty years, Tho Colorad'o beetle 1 only saw once. It does not seem to have yet reached Manitoba and the North-West Territory, and is not nearly so numerous as I had expected to lind it, having conlhied its ravages more particularly to tho United States Territory. Then, again, the weevil and the Hessian Hy attack the wheat sometimes, and it is difTioult when tlfey do come to check their ravages ; and lastly, the winters put a complete stop to agricultural operations, and the ploughing and sowing, as a rule, have to be hurried through ill a limited period. The seed-time and harvest are very busy periods, but when the winter is over the spring comes at a bound, and vegetation grows at a rate which surprises Englishmen. , x n These disadvantages apply to the whole of North America, and not merely to Canada ; but they have no apparent effect on the progress of settlement in the country. Men somi learn to accommodate themselves to these things, suiting their work to the seasons, and planning out beforehand various things that can be done in the depth of winter. Three things in Canada strike a stranger powerfully : the vastnoss of tho country ; the unbounded faith the people have in the future greatness of the country ; and the cheerful loyalty to the Old Country which is everywhere found. The liberty of the Canadian farmer, grand and unconventional as it is, and the independence of mind and of position, considerable and even complete as it is in many cases, do not develop into hceiice and recklessness, but into cheerful and generous habits of Jife. Loyalty to the Old Country and pride in their own are leading features in the political faith of the people ; hospitality to straufers, and reariiness to impart information and render services, are equally features in their domestic life ; while a living faith in the future of the Dominion, based ou a knowledge of its exhaustless natural wealth, and of the inherent energy of its citizens, is hvoininent in their conversation. It is not the aristocracy of birth, but that of labour and of brains— personal merit, in fact— that holds a foremost place in the estimation of tho The new departure which has recently begun in Canadian farming— that of sending cattle and sheep alive and dead to England— has elated the farmers of Canada in a degree corresponding with the depression it has caused among the farmers of England ; it is a new and unexpected source of wealth to them, and they are laying themselves out to make the best of it in the future. So far the country is free from diseases of stock, but how long it if, Mr. J. P. !^hfU,„'^ lirjynrt. ♦1,. iplioii of tlic Gov. nniKiit Slrinfient Europe, ^■^-^:',^:tXL cxcluacl ; in IBS Kbo American ca.tle wore t ".. c.c ujlea ; n b j*;-^;,!;,^. ,,, those (iguros am a"'Vi« «-y^V::.^L^;±;r:fMolu.S;"vho is tUo chief fiovon,mont n.u-to. o. i^ttlcd ami S)''vJea Stic"' j'",^^^ ' , ^,.,.t,,, ,„a BVeakorsoua^ncnlturaj Thclancllonlsanclfanueisof ''"«'='"''"'„ Ivj^f tliat with au n.croasc of tra< o and «,JtPrB wotcss to find .n,uo consolat on ?} T/''; •,;'', ,^^,i on transatlantic iniportat.ois ZnZ entailed by V-«"V;"!n iJ^TO " n' is is'bn.ugh^about by enlarged .bi,s a s.na or than freidit at 503. a ton did in lb/0. ""'^ '•' " , .^ frci'dit. The ships now biuking, S?"nli « o of coal, and a larger ^V.'V'f ''' '^" VU t a.d^any very much nuno fre.tdit, thouc larger than those runumL', uiH nm at 1^ « J; ''^ J ^^ /,t, very low, it is an open and & S freights for some tin>e pa.t '"^^.^^If ^'Vn any ca e, the rate at .vhichsnps.ro secret that^freights pay 'ar better tl....pas^-n^s.n a^^^^^^ ^^^^ "^ /'"t f; '*^V"^»othe last ponitof f^r-'^X't^^^V'^^^^'^^ suitairtleld of settlenient for English farnie.Bj •^I'l -^',^,t,,,,^, , Are Eng.sh farmers lam awaro of its great >'"P"'t'''\^^\J^"f,Xcaadt as a country, has niai^^^^ «« table fo! Canada'; It appears to ine tlia^J-^''^ ■'' . ; ; , f.(,„„try : this cannot bo nSafuture in all l-robabili ty very unpm^ant Mic is v^^^^^ l\hii.k, then, that denied ; and she '^""""S ■•^^'••";\'^'l'' As rfnii ittcd by th.ir habits of Ufe and of labonr nny of our mi.ldle-a^.ed Kngbsh f« ";" « '^7,,'^ ';'i"t ,, Canada. But there are many others to battle v'ith the uork ^bich won d fiill to Ic^^^^ active lives ; and our Iho are litted for it, Vavtieularly tlu.se vU .H.a.c IcU i ^^.^^^ , „„t young farmers would soon fall into <-.^ ^ '^V., "' The younger men would not long be at afraid to work would, as a rule, do yl " ^;; '" ' ^- j^ i^,.„ {"^ ^ ,nan who has been long .loss in pioneer life in Manitoba but '^ ''^^^'^'^'^^^i^'^J'' ,vould have to unlearn their oW fvcci tonild to ICnglish '"'^thods o farm ng th t s t O ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^,, , ^,.„,^^^ „f ^,^,,,,,y, methods and lean, new ones, but f '^ '; ''y 'J 1? at present alike unnecessary and scarce y "re so generous that very careful cuUnationis .up j, ;er, and their wives wouhl ;.rotit:d,le These latter men, as it sc mo to le, worn j^./^^rd Island. They are not Cmore content, in Ontario, or New 1 .m.swick,^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ,,,i ,^„ i ^iUd to the cruder life o the ^ar \\ est A luan ^ ti .\^^^,^^^^^. „f q ,,eo ; one with L one or other of the maritime rrov^ne, or int. ^^^^^ ^j^^ ,^l either go to the £2000 would do well in Ontario. A n.anvUi ^i-^^^^ Provinces. But any man lied Uiver district or take a free 8 ""\" ,^'';4';' ^ ' „,„e kind of employment before he buys should look round h.m for ««" « ^ mie, a i .et . .^^^j competition which Cntisli are sober and frugal. . , . ^^nd this no doubt is tine ; but it i^ It is said that Canwla is the pla««,f^^ ^, P^ s ^\^{^ there. It is not probable however, also the place for a man of '"-"f;. *";[,:^'^t „ i Is they know not of in Canada and indeed 1 that many farmers of capital will ace t lo i.^i« > ,j j,^ y,;^ country ; but, then, it is would not advise anyone to S^^t^'^'^J^.i^Xigo there as farmers, for money is wanted hardly fair to Canada that o»ly,P°°^, '^u m Iv^ I know farmers in England who to, to deveU.p the riches ot the «"'!-" "V w it ou bein'' any forwarder at the year's end than year after year, and live very carofully, .^^^*'i°", " "ems very hopeless, and I would say to S were It its start ; this ^o--^ "^ ^ J^"^^^^^^^ "^n c i^, not,^ind has not bcen.abcttcr d Ci^bS" ^"i '^ iSKi^^Jtc C..aa. Ciada is Ju.t rcc.vei mg from «■> i^rimtjmau^H Mr. ./. r. SI,UI,:n\-i /i',,,o,t. 27 •lit. Sli-iiifient ml lean s-toi^k, 10 nut ivilniiltcd 1 in lb77 with 18,000 iH now building, ich inoio ficiglit, i\v, it is an oiicn t -wliicli Bliips nro hiniL' of freights, urt in a hoped-for viz.. Is Canada a hcaii^'on, bec;uiso Eng.i.sh farmers many advantages, r : this cannot bo think, then, that life and of labonr re are many others vc lives ; and our iiilies who arc not 3uld not long be at rlio has been long unlearn their ohl imatc of >ianitoba ssary and scarcely their wives would nd. They are not )00 would do well ; Quebec ; one with A either go to the ices. But any man uent before he buys ition which British vagcs they have to lieir families would afraid of work, aud bt is true ; but it is , probable, however, inada, and indeed 1 :vy ; but, then, it in ;)r money is wanted n England who toil the year's end than and I would say to \s not bcon, a better jiitt rcc'Afi ing from n period of depression durint; which the value of land has become reduced, and it sohappcns that niiiii'' of the farmers of the Lower l'rovinc;es are looking wistfully at the wonderful prairies of the Xortli-West, and are anxi ius to soil their prenent farms and go there with tliiir rising families. They, it is true, are iitted to f,(>, aud it scums to nioanicearr.ingemcnt that English fanners of capital should take their places. It would seem, inilcul, that the ,sys ems of f:iniiing to which lOu^li^h farmers have been long accustomed an! well adapted to restore cainlitiou to the laud, while Canadian methods arc better Huite.l to the present comlition of the .N'orth- West. It is at the same tiino true that many luiglish farmers would do well ill th(! Korth-West, particularly those whose capital is small, and who are not too old for pioneer life. Yet in the Lower i'roviiiccs they would find farms and homes ni.ro in kee])in;.; wi(h tho;>e they leave behind wi Euglaiid. Their sons, in turn, will move ia the dircctio:' of i\'f setting sun. REPORT OF MR. HUGH IMcT.EAN, nU, Tarhert, N. B., THE DKLKGATK OF THE KINTYHE AGRICULTURAL SOCIKTY. /XT lo iQiift\ -Mr Tfi.trh McLean. Rhn, the deli.'ate appointed some time ago by i, divid«l into Beven wa o -t ght '^^^^l^^^^l^^l^'l^ n.aiutains a speed of 14 knots per h..ur. high and low pressure ^"K'"'^^ "f, ^f.f '';;''^^l^''*'J^,'^^„d,^ti.,„ for 180 «aloon, 60 interne .ate, She in Btrongly bu.lt, carnes ten ^'f«^°^*^, 'l^^'^^^X^ i« managed in the most approved boauty of that nail up the St. Lawrence wa^^^^^^^^^ taken to the Cn.tom- 'SXTr^^^yZS^^lZ:^^ Beemed light. The oat crop was much lighter than at home , ., Q^gT^p^x i .vas informed that his Excellency the Mr. Iliiijh Mcfjuiii's lifjiort. » socir.TY. ; some time ago by [vliility for eiiii>.Ta- TownHall. The Gallnaith, llev. J. : Argyll; Liichlaii y, Ym{. ; .TiwTies B. [)ied the chair, and it was fixed that I Snrdiuian, Captain inaj;e ia 4376. She ct-actiiig comiiimiul ' 14 knots per hour. >n, 60 interme late, the most approved d every attention is 3 comfc-'ahle and light and extinguish vening aboiit S p.m. ton's lectures on the md vocal. Havin;^ e others about three of Belle Isle. Tho 9,ken to the Custom- jrhaps what attracts vnd nj) like men, say ry, as if the hand of ieautiful pliintations ke.s him feel sad to line of railway from The oat crop waa his Excellency the :hat he wished me to New Bnmswick, and I felt that the task presented myself at u'e, was in England ; not be back till next f introduction to Mr. I fih.inld mention in written a very excel* lent paniiilili.t mi the Culdiado pdtato bcotle, showing how to cppoiie its ravages. As the pauipliKt is liiim;ly circulattd throughout tho Doniiiiioii, f do nut dmilit ))iit that it has buen lastnnuental, where the HUggustions contained in it are attended to, in allaying', and in many places nullifying, the ravages of that ilentnu '.ivn insect. The methods of destroying the beetle are, first, handjiicking ; and second, i'aris green. Tho latter is very etlicient. Beforo leaving Ottawa, I was nmcli impressed with the beauty of its public buildings, con- spicuous amongst which, situated on a hill, are the Purlianient Houses, consisting of three bliicks, foniiing three hi(U's of a sipiare, all detached. Tho grounds around are very tastefully laid ont. Tlio I'list Office is an elegant structiiro. Ottawa is famed for its trade in lumber, which in Canadiaa means 'timber.' The saw-mills are a study in tlieniBclves. Tho railway station from which I went to Aluiitieal is at Ilidl, on tlie east sido of tlie Ottawa river. 1 saw tlie Ciiaudierii falls when jiassiiig thc! suKi)en.Hion bridge, and jjeroeived tliat limestone is tlie prevailing rock of the district. Thee are slides, or tind)er erections, in the river, to guide the rafts that def^cend tiie river to the various Haw- mills. The land around Ifull is very good, and judging from tho condition of sheep and cattle, as visible from the railway, the grass must have a fattening (piality. Crops of wheat, oats, buck- wheat, anil corn whirled past as the train sped from ptation to station. Wooden houses, with verandahs in front, constantly nut tlie eye ; wood fences everywhi e, till at last night closed the scene. At length wo arrived at lloehelaga htation, which is tho name of tho original Indian village, on the site of which Montreal is bviilt. The city of AFontreal is situated on an island. The Victoria Bridge crosses the St. Lawrence, its length being !n94 feet. The city contains many objects of interest, which were seen on my return ; but on this day I visited Notre Dame Church, which internally is a mout exijuisitely- finished place of worship. The Crucifixion, the Apostles, the altar, the candlesticks, the gold and crimson decorations, all surpass description, and fill the beholder with awe and admiration. I started for London, Canada West, by the evening train, but saw nothing of the country till next morning. When daylight came the morning was very wet. The country was beautiful. I found several fellow-passengors by the ^'fii-iliiihin were in the train. We were all glad to meet, but they dro))ped oat one after another, and we were lost to each other probably for ever. Wo drove through a country farmed by English, Scotch, and Irish. There are good crops, good cattle, good houses. The fields are rich with golden coloured grain. The orchards loaded with fnut. Everything to the passing visitor has the apjiearance of plenty. Now we pass fields of clover. Arrived at Port Union, we pass more clover fielils. Swamps intervene, then light crops. By-and-by beautiful crops burst njion the view. Eicrywhere the fields are fenced with zigzag rails, which appeara to me to occupy too much land ; but the British Canadians adopt them ' universally. We come to Toronto. We proceed and pass through Guclph. On tlio run we notice brick buildings going up to replace wooden houses, generally a fair sign of a prosperous fanner ; but sometimes I was told emulation induces a man to build a fine hmjse while his land is mortgaged. We pass Brcslau, which seems by the map to be not far from the Banks and Braes o' Bonnie Doon ; then through Berlin, Hamburgh, Stratford, St. Mary's, at which last place I changed for London, and saw the last of my last Sanlinian . I arrived at London and took train for Newbury, f,h la,..l that "■''^, ""'''; "'.^'."I^^^J rr'is-.' hist voar. in the full, 1.M.1 HOW uatM in it in HjiriiiK. After oats, snn.rner f llo« it , afttr ai ,w »T. v\Xai a;iain, b. t i-uttiny all the n.annre the far... ,.ro,b.ceH on he fall- w. 'I ..r... .s :::;,1 ma... el wur..erare' not V'-ow.t Ho had 10 rnilk cowh. 7 twoyca.-.oMs .,ne,vear oKls, a'i i^wes an.l '^0 lan.bH, T. piKs, and U horses. Ho an.l his two s.ois labour tl.i; .:i...m.l. The foUowin;,' weie the niceijils an.l exiienditnr..' f.-r tli.' I'a-it y.pr : I'roib.ee of c.iws s.ild Two threc-year-ol.l >to! AVhottt . W.M.l . TiM.niM . . I'lKH . • 1 (lO-OO ntioo 2;i;voo 471'2 Gor.o r.ooo 5COO'02 E:ii'i:M>n'i'iiK— Interost on ?53,SOO Taxes . . • T,abour . . Cl.>thinj,' Smith-work . < ^lOO'OO 2000 liU'OO 100-00 500 r.oooo rilOlMT, 4:20 2s. 5d., or giooca I?,' were Mr. W.Uker's returns „f v.v.ious coreak niuce he en-.grated m 18< 4 : Yeah. WllKAT. Baulky, 1875 187C 1877 1878 lb70 1 70 bushels. ISO :jio sr.o 0:iO „ 80 bushcils. Oats. 600 buwheln. 350 „ 220 '^10 1115 I, PliAHE, 220 bushels. 100 105 „ 70 „ 37 II *i,o* 4>,o ln.nd still roauiro.s iTcat improvements to bu made on He wished to in.,.ress on mo ^^^"'^ j^^f J*^i^^^^^^^^^ adopted 'at homo, it w.mld produce it, and that if it were farmed ..n the Bame »i«tem uia i ^^^^^^^ tl.at-in double what it now docs W.th ■''rf "^^. »» ''"'Xlga " of c^^^^^ May last. 2019 !b o ininv ''"^^ «"1^' ^^gd j£ ]Zl o June 299(5 Xh. of milk were sold factory realised IC'oO dollar., or £3 6b 2d- I' ^he ,n ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ to the factory, maki.ig 276 lb. of chtcse, «^?»'"'"^ "' , j„ Aunust and September, although in July there was a di-awback °^"ng to the lot weat^^er, in ivu K^ ^^^ ^^.^^ „^„„^y there was less milk, it took less «"'lk t<>J"'^ -^ doUars per month for six months out of the ten ^r^:^:Xl2.. StHfSl S^ iS^ws produce 100 dolhi.. or .32, or an •-i-t:l^I^^^:?:Gl^r;Maple.tre..^^^^ Mr. Iliiijh M«t 3800 hu wiiv!i'>iiig rrop. • «uwl iiiiicli liclow the iiiitiitiK'H arc iimch \i:\- wlii'iit (^.•itll(mt cr fiilldW it ; lifter !■ f«ll< w. 'I'liriiiiw M, 4 Mio yt'ivr ipMh, riMUlnl, I'.O'OO r.tioo :i:VOO t7'12 cor>o r.ooo 0002 '•,00-00 100 02 ur, and clothing are auiily. Tlie follow- Pbahb. 220 bnshela. 100 It 105 M 70 It 37 1 inents to bu made on lino, it would produce alUer stated that— in ch, minus exponses of lb. of milk were sold . 6d. Ho stated that I September, although btr is the best money months out of the ten doUai-s, or £32, or an I paused Battle Hill, rt-ar of 1812. Bc^fore ■i titWnUou to fcoding cattle forthe home market. Passed ^'^ ,-;;^;- ,;;[, ^.ll^Snir a mUe Sn:' hai!;;"^ ^•'1;;;r;.Sn;^ mX,,e.oR. London I m..^ ■''l;;:\;iS'i>^nnwithaPuu.n.., Mr ...b^rfJ farms. He slat, ,1 thn .Ay-'"'- 'f^ ^'^^ ," ,,;,;,,', I .■ .1 ho b..st bivol tli.y p-s...Hea ; that a cross between an .Vy.slme e.,w and the 1 . '" "^ _ "^ ^» , ;„., ,,„^,, averaged 2:t dollu.s «"t '^"^T'if ';;:: w ;:S,s' "ue';,: i.!:' x.!' u'^^em.:! re.,.,, for whe;:t ti,ro„«ho,^ bushels. He ,'av,. the fullowlu, rates '•VV^;; , r. r tn^ e on^ 20 dollars or Xi V- V":^^' :! J ^'S molt i "^hl'f l.^..« w.^re the reUvil priees of vari.jus JC30, '""'eu bv hi... a... couve.ted " ''V, ':'' ^''y.-,, t,. 5: ,.. tobacco, Is. 0'..l. to 2s, 0,1. ; per lb.; Kio eolf.e, U. OM to Is. fa. p -^\\" ^^ 7, ;^^ 2^1. to 0.1 ; ham, Od." bread, 2 lb., ^ cuts, or 12.^ c.nts for « ''\ ' T \k -J ' '^ ,\. ,, i, j . M.,rriso„, of Conu.i.a Havi,.,^ arriNv.1 ''^ Warn.a 1 mj. 0 1... a ,na lUa. c^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ j. , _^^^^ ^.^.^ .^ ,__^^.j (Moore Cmity , ..n the M flair 1. er. il'« "ir^ ^' '^'•: .. . j.-.^n ,yhrut, Un.,irnfroinAIa..ito.,a,.u.t wdl^^h^^^^^^^^^^ 25 bushels per luie , oats uO to ..0 l.usmis. ^i 1 i,^,,i„„i,;„ „f May; dii;s them about Humpti..n. I'hu.ts the... f:"-'"-{^':';.;';'«. ;f ,,-^' ..^, : S^'vs heat this-fall .do... with g.-a...- 1st September. 'I'l.e followiUKMs the lotation " ;^ ' ' " ^. • „„^t„,,, i.^,;,,,, l. „f tiu.otl.v and J of .eed. Is bushel wheat ar..l,l ''."^''l«''^t. " x vea a ir^M hay next year a;,'aiM, a..other clover, often half the ,,.,a..t.ty -/"•^'-■"''j^^,^^;,'', „\;'^ ;, -^^^ ..' in pasf^.e. lie mentioned crop of hay (no manure or top-d ressin,'). l^-t^ t " lan 1 1 , ^^ ,^ ,^ ^^ that he had laud in pasture ''"^ »"' -V-^^- '^^' ' ,^^'^ , ..,u .1 fro.n leajie pats oats in it twentysix years lu sueces..,,., ' " ^ c 1 • Wl a tu _ ^^^^^^ .^ ,_^ ^,^^^^ __,,, (2 bushels per aere. «o_wn w.tl. see l-d ill). 1 ' « - ^ .• ., ^,^,^^,„, , ,,„,„ ^ f„, f„ll wheat (2 bushels per aere. «..wn with - '^;^, J^ ^l am ^.^ t e se, smi. and e.-ops it for fall whea^ crop it the t..>t year but re plou-^hs >t^^Y "'*''; r ,', '^,-,,„„, ;« „.,t .....lerdraine.!, but HUrf.ie. by 1st September. Manure is put on '^^ /^ "J^ «^^^ ^ ^,^ i.^.j i, the best lau. draincl It consists of a sfoi^- chiy ^;' ' ^j^"^ £ , , here wil raise wheat. It would raise for wheat. Ln.,d that a crop of oats '=■''""''* '^,;;^"'"\"',,;.,f seed to ^' of an aere. Turnips s,. outs if n.auu.ed. His tornips were ''"^ ' 'l' ;"V,yi '' nm into old land, tliey are sow.i ni'b;:\£d^ni^.!;n;:r:;;Srsir:iti:^ridp-Howir on the ..ei surf..e about " S.:i"^ StSS^^r jr?:t. in J,.n ..^^^ jn fn;m the 2 Hh May . 1st .Tune. The re.ison for not i;"\^'"g X.^c.^i c t\';hillV:f"aml « .'reen, to hUo i;;xs^;^s ir K'^SEE;:t: i^iK uSsr ^ '^^ -" ;; not ...id, as producers ,11 Canada are 7'^^'\?^"'-?";Xv(0 cents per bu.^hel of 48 lb. ; oats, 34 '' I'l- ^ i^^'nirrT'lOO ::^e:- each which captain Jf-'- -Jl^ l^t'fanS.irl.ly wo,!d t^^.ther is half cleared. He has m ..le ^--'^•^^;'^;^ ' ^ JL or orchard lani. ,„.,le; barley, twenty-two un.ler ''^V and w e t, Be,t j , n ^' ,^^,.^,^ „„,,,, twelve under wheat, and the ■'""'""J'-'^ l^tf^^ ;;'oO apple-trees a.,d twenty plum-tree.-, wood, the reu.aincler hay and past.ire He ha^ .n ^''"k^ Insists of twelve cws. t^renty_. ^om\l. 10 cents, or f-^.^i^- t"/"^- P- ^f-,^ Mi^o '- * :^^; ctt 35 d,.lla.M e.ich. ^^■^:r^^^;^ tS^ 'i^s i^ighbolJat from j to.lO. I^icester tup 30 dollar, or ^^^ ^^ U. ^^dollar. or £20 tu ^0..^^^;^ :{^.r., tl^l^s Xi to £2. Draught lun;s,. sell^t lUU .0 ^^V^---,;;,;;; ^ ^.,, ,,,,,„;„:; s ^'^ ::;,riS.";& wh^rS^ritMio'dX. . £.. f,. th,. tw, I'ii'" are eillu 82 Mr. Ihi'jk MvLidaa li'i.o,!. a JuUiura, iir \2», fiiuli. Man Ht-rvant, Wrdo.l, Bot-. 15 .I'lliw-, <"■ X:i l"i i>i"»th. L,t.l Hrrv^uit, „ « .. '■'•':■'• " MaiJK.i\.int „ _ T) „ '.r U Munwivaiil fnr twi. m.>tit!l« -"'"'" i".. »lan .luplHyr.l i.rr ,l,iy .lurln- hnrvr^U .lullar ii: !■ .l.ij. Tiixfs (111 '^iiO ivci" fiiriM, '^7 it'lliirH, >ir XI I I't. > II. f „.f ,,f I lUn 11, 11.. II nil liniii-.l till! HU'ivm«li!i> O/irt-io, Ciitiiin „.!:£ l::;;;„r 'K^':^ nt'i,^" . j,. .- j-- i?;-;?:;;;;:, i-^irs follow- ,u..-nx-r. H,.v.r„ CaMmlnn. f'« ""•'■^- . ' '' '''''V;; ^;;u , , , I 1 1. .... it wiU. , m, , jvh.,, ,,..a., -v-;^ -- ; - ,^ ";,vt'. ::,::„;" oir at tho ..n.i ..f .i,.iy -, 1,.. ti..u ,.^1,1. it. ^^.^:^^^^^ --;;;' lt;::.:;!rz,r'.S' ■:!;? it : ,; ::: r;";^:;; ,:: J"S?iH»^^^^^^^^ ^ feature nf tho cimnti-y. >,.. ,L,,iv..,l at Hb liniiifacc. <.i)iMwito Wi'iiiiiiLg, uihUt iun.,t Ni^ht hav n, c..n. o" »- ™ ';, ;- '^^ ,'^,^^. . , int,'. v?iiw l>.v li.ht of \h.- wI,uI„wh, ^^"in thf'interval, having been aJvisod by Mr. SJncrur, Millor Street, Qla.-ow to call on Mr. Gcrrie. Winnipeg, who owns land at Sturgeon Crc U, i cHd p ., and Mr. Gcrric kind y offered to drive ine to his farm wlien the rortds became p.-^^s^Mo. '.t present they were absolutely impa.-.- ablo I was, therefore, somewhat down-Iiearted irf. my bad fortune in losing the stcamoi' and being deLaiued at WinniiK.;.;, but boro np tho b- ■. v.,v I could. Meanwhile I was introdnc'd by Mr. Genie to Mr. Bathgate, Main Slreit, VVii.iroc-, who informed mo th.at coal had been discovered on tho Souris lliver, and is in conr.se ot being worked, and some of it brought down to Winnipeg. He said that a railway is likely to be conslrufcted between Winnipeg and the Souris River. alHO that coal had been found on the I'embina Mountain. Further, th.at great quantities of coal, of the very best quality, had been discovered on the Saskatchewan River, but tlmt, in the meantime, this was very far cli.stant. He also ntated that on certain parts of the Canadian Pacific line of railway not only coal but other minerals were reported to have been found. Mr. 15athg.itetookmetoanoffico'inWimiipeg wlicro I procured a specimen of the coal from tlie Suuris lUver, which I have in my posse-s-iion now. uUy W(!ii{h v>, r,.i>tiiiii III. I lui.l for V Mr, IVk wiUi ])i'iiiM ; Ill'Ullt l.itll [llnUyllH it, till' iaiiil i.4 wx tiiriii|iH, iii'hi'H. ills ;1V tlu< -■nil iiiiiU'f mu„5 liii wiiidiiWH, Tlic liiiiil- til hiiiiMulf, oilistivntial a k'd. I gilt a 111- luunUfuMt wliii.h Mas i; iii-:ht, iiiul lis, Imt tliu iii'il Klvcr, 1 taku nut u irgi't tliu faiij oiiduil (111 till' iftur yiit (iiir ,e wislifj imr leiitjt for two HiHiiuct that tty t'xpuiiMivu priiitoJ rti;M- adinu I'aciliu ilcr to Nt'u tliu oro, to dux i.-.c ru fniind that ad Riiilod ii)' lit to wuil at ;o cull (in 'Sh: dly offered to iituly impar'i- ) stoamei' niid as inti-odnc'd :oal had been luglit down to ,nd the Souris qiinntitiert of t tlmt, in the ho Canadian found. Mr. coal from the Mr. JJii'/h Mcl.ftin't liffujit. 83 Tim fiilliiwlMK Im thu i'X)Mrliii(i) of Mr. Mc("ori|niidiilii, Tfc ailinuli v ; III' li ft OalL'iii»h, Ar^vli'Khlir, In ITill, fur (.'aiiada. !(ad iiiaiiv liiiil-iluin whi ii \\f catiui to Canada. lSnii;;Mt 100 iwh'k at t dollar |i('r ai'ic i liad to cli ar It all of unod, '\'\w lai. mux in llin towntlilii of ( irciiiock, liai'k of Uiiiiiinlini', Lalvu Huron. Id' ^'ot on very wull tlmru. Two of \\\* HoiiH and hlin.tulf, tlii'uo ycni'M ai^o, c»niu to Manitolia lo nco tlii' country, It iilraHcd jilni HO will that hu d!d imt rrtiirn to Caniula. HIh koiih rttiinird tt'ni|ioi'arily. Itn hiiiMilf >i]M'nt ► U wciikM travi'llinif tliroiij,'h thu iinintry, lookinu for a siiitali'u jiliiii' J|j dM not xti rji in a lii'd all that tinii', Mr took lhi« fanu liy idiaru from lliu iirojuiitor, Mr, (!iiiiiiiii^;liaiiii . Mr, MvCori|iiiidal. — I found this disimted elsewhere. Some say tlmt two crops of beet absorb tin? alkali, others laugh at the idea, .and say, 'Have nothing to do with it.' Grain is s^old witliuut any trouble to merchants. 31 Mr. Jliifih ?.tcL(an's I?rpr,rf. Milch-cows average 35 dollars, or £7. Thoy can bo houL^lit nt tliat in tlio crmntry ca-ily. Cows are cross between native cnttle and lUirliam bull. Teini nf liDrscs enst from 'J,"iO dollars to 300 dollars per pair, that is £50 to £60. Team of oxen, 110 dollars to 180 dollars, or £28 to £36. Mrs. McCorquodale says a cow will make 100 lb. of butter ii. ^hc season, from May up to ■ the end of September. Price, 20 to 25 cents— yieklinp; £4 to £5. In winter the price is .10 cents. Sweet milk cheese is 20 to 25 cents. l"gc;s, 25 to 35 cents pir dozen. Toultry ; 1 dollar for young turKeys ; 3 d.'-llars for pobbler, and 1 doll.ar for turkey hens ; 25 cents for common hens"; 1 dollar each for ducks ; 5 dollars for a pair of geese. I left Headingley next morning, driven in an Indian cart, and proceeded to the Tiver Sale. Wo passed through three very bad swamps, from three-(iuart(is to one mile broad, and of indefinite length. These swamps might be drained into the Assinilx>ino and Sale Kivers without much difficulty. The Indian pony, .leannie, dragged her owner and myself through tlie swamps and over the prairie gr.a-is, eating a bite and ninning as she ate, without being in the least fatigued. Her driver used neither whi]) n.r switch, but (mly a Kind word of praise, which she evidently understood, or a word of c.iution, which sho understood ecpLilIy well, or an appeal to energy, which set her all aflame when she came to a diflicult ."^pot. She was the licst of ponies. Her nwner'a name was lOmou. Mr, Alex, Murray, of the ho.stclry of the Kiver Sale, a branch of the Assiniboine, has a htock of twelve cows. The ^;pring was so wet that he did not sow wlieat. He says the carriage of wheat to Winnipeg takes 25 cents off the price. ![(! mentioned that he had a farm for salo in the county of West Manpiette, parish of Portage la Prairie, of which he gave me both par- ticulars and price. We left the River Sale next day in company with a Canadian, he being on horseback. We were both bound for the Boyne settlement. We passed some very bad sloiighs and went through three large swamps. The prairie grass was very good and abounded with dog-roses, which dotted it all over, growing about eightecii inches high, and which were very beautiful. Tho principal grasses were bone-grass and bniralo-grass, a brown grass .said to lie good for cattle, also goose-grass, said to be \ex'y good for horses. These grasses indicate good scjII. There is another grass in tho prairie called by some arrow -grass, by others spear-grass. AVhiii drawn and thrown it sticks like a dart, and is bad for sheep and cattle. It is always avoided for hay. The arrows had dropt off when ] waa in the country. We arrivcil at Mr. Johnstone's farm on tho Boyne after a long journey, during which the Canadian horseman was kft behind, his horse having become exhausted, and hu Iiiii'sclf being obliged to dismoiint and walk. He was close to a farm at that juncture, which relieved my apiirehcnsions for his safety. We sojourned with Mr. Joseph Wells Johnstone, who came from Comity (Ixford, Ontario, in 1870, and settled on this farm. Since he came to Manitoba his wheat 1i:m averaged 32 bushels per acre, but he hius thrashed it.it 52 bushels and at 60 bushels, and five years ago at 48 bushels. La.st year it was 20 bushels, jle sows 1 bushel and 5 peeks to the aero. As to oats, he considers this tho best of countries for oats, which weigh 42 lb. per bushel, and produce 70 bushels jier acre. He has known, at Ueadingley, a licld of ten acres produce 1010 bushels, or about 100 bushels jier acre. Barley weighs from 48 to 52 lb., and an acre produces from 50 to 60 bushels. Finds a market at Winnipeg, which is sixty miles distant from this. Jle grows - o Indian com. Price of barley laiit j'ear, 60 cents ; oats, 50 cents; wheat, 1 rlollar ; polatoi.s, 50 cents per bushel ; butter, 25 cents per 11 l; jiork, 10 cents. Tho system he adopts is : St.arts ploughing about 15th June, and breaks land till 15th July. Leaves ic lying till following fall. This plo\ighing is as shallow as pi'«-;,ilile — say 2 inches — and from 12 to 14 inches broad. In the fall ho backsuts it- that is, jilougl-s it the same way, being 3 inches deep and 12 to 14 inches wide. Hj harrows it in spring, and sows it with liroadcast seeder. Has a 10-liorsc power thresher ; charges 4^ cents for threshing wheat, 3 1 for barley, and 3 for oats. Sows tiuK'thy aiid white clover. Timothy is a splendid success ; has one iiiv.co which he c\it in July, and expects to cut it again before winter. Mangel-wurzel does v. ell, and so do turnips ; also oni i' , carrots, g the stoid-lly, which is not very bad, but is f(!unil where there is high glass and scrub. May is a very nice month. June, very wet, July, very hot ; hotter than Ontario- August, showery and cool. Se]itember, fine weather. October, very tine month. November, fine monlli ; clear and fro ]"»ecenil'er. snow -1 foot ,-.\xrn"-e ; (n Jam -up to 100 in the -liade. ■d. ary, \-.'iy coM ; tln.riu.iin ter fioz.) up la'-t wiiiicr. J that in llio country c!t«i!y. iKirscs cost fpm) 250 ddlliirs [ivsti. ISO d.illavs, oi- £-28 to viiu season, from >ray up to . In winter the price in fiO r dozen. Tonltry ; 1 dollar hens ; 25 cents for common micecded to the river f^ale. to one mile broad, and of lino and Sale Rivers \vitho\it nivself through the swampn ', without being in the least id word of praise, which she eiinally well, or an appeal to She was the best of ponies. .'h of the Aspiniboine, has a vheat. He says tlie carriage 1 that he had a farm for sale whieli he gave nie both par- he beins on horseback. We lad slmr^hs and went through inded with dog-roses, which li were very beautiful. The vid to be good for cattle, also good soil. There is another s. When drawn .".nd thrown ivoided for Iiay. The arrows ilmstone's farm on tho Boyne Ifft behind, his horse having; alk. >le was close to a farm tn C'lnnily Oxford, Ontario, in heat li;s averaged 32 bushels d five years ago at 48 bushels, aero. I weigh 4 -2 lb. per bushel, and Id of ten acres produce 1010 II 50 to 60 bushels. Finds a grows • o Indian corn, Pi'ico lotatoes, 50 cents per bushel; nd breaks land till 15th July. R po'-oiblc— say '2 inches — and ougl-s it the same way, beijig a, and sows it with broadcast li-cshing wheat, 'ih for Ijarley, ikndid huceess ; has one pi^ee ■r. Mangcl-wurzol does v.cll, 1 rhubarii. Buckwlvjat grows dy on hiir.-e and cattle- niakrs lit; they are very toublesonie. ly. There is also the suudil)', Bcrub. J!/: llihjh McLean's Ju/>(Ji(, February, cold iniiiith. March, nnt so enlcl ; siinw be,^!as to Licit. April, lino month. The soil is black vegetable motdd and cl.iy bottom. The water is spring water. The water i- good in the I'oyne settlement. He says the heat, even when the tliermonieter is at 80', is not telt "o much as in Ontario, as there is always a fresh bree/.e. Although very cold in winter, he s.iys that coM is nmre eiiduialilo than in Ontario, there being less changeable weather in Manitoba. He spoke of tlie Indians dying in the spring of the year from consumption, but altributed this to tlieir being careless as to kee]iing their feet dry. He has seven cows and tliree teams of iiorses. I took samples of o:its and wheat. Ho has one crabajiple tree bearing fruit, of wliidi lie is very proud. Mr. Joliastime added : ' In Ontario all I could do was to make a living ; here I liave made money.' I should have im ntioued that we passed tho I'oplars before coming to the Boyne .settlement. We passed Tobacco Creek settlement, which lay east of us. Wo started on tho morrow for Xelsoiiville, but were ovei-takcn by Mr. Iiim.in, of the Boyne, wlio ov.'ns 800 acres of land there. Jlr. Inman spoke of a blue flower that always mdieateil, by its presence, good water. He mentioned that he l>aid 10 dollars for ICU acres, and got 100 acres for pre-emption price. He bought scrip for tho balance. He has tiO acres in crop. Wheat will a\ Oats ,, liarley „ I'olatues He stated that he does not make butter, but rears ]Rr bushel ; oats, ij'i cents ; barley, CO cents ; potatoes, butter, '20 cents. Young cattle can be bouglit in the full for from 7 dollars (£\ 8s.) to 10 dollars (V^) per head. Hay can l.e made here, deducting expense, tear, and wear, for ] dollar (or 4s.) per ton. 'J'wo tons (if hay, with some straw, will winter a yearling well. A three-ye.ar-old steer is wortli from 35 dollai's '( t?) to 50 dollars (£10). Hence" he considers it is more profitalile to rear cattle than to grow wheat. This is the way he puts it : 'Wheat was W(ath 1 dollar per bushel in Winnipeg last season ; the yrar befcpie, GO cents only ; 40 bushels can lie taken in a sledge in winter over tl:e ice, by a team of oxen, to Winnipeg, sixty milts distant. It takes live duys to make the round liip. ' A man and his team is wcuth 2 dollars 50 cents jier day . .S12'50 llxpenses on mud not less than 8'00 J 30 bushils per acre GO lb. 40 ti 31 „ ;io »i ■18 „ •250 00 „ cattle. The price of wheat is 1 dollar 15 cents in the fall and 50 in the spring; r>'ice of 40 bn-hels, at ."Si C'ii expenses , . • 40 bushels realise !J20'50 $10-00 20-50 C'l'J-50 'Actual pi-Jco of wheat 48 cents, (U- 23. per bushel.' He says tliat a man on tho river brought in 12 slieep from Ontario, and they are doing very well, as he has lost none Vet. Prairie dogs are danger(JU9 for sheep. Water ia good, and ther* is "ood timber near him. " The Dominion liarve.sters are very bad [N.B.— The blackbir.ls who feed on wheat]. Wages, 15 dollars (£3) per month for farm servants, 2;. dollars (£;>) per mon«i f.r h.ayin" .and harvest montJLs ; 6 dollars for maid-serv.ants (£1 4s.). Taxes— School-tax is -,'„ths of a cent per 1 dollar, according to the v.alue of the land and other property ; he is also bound to give throe days (jf road labour'for each IGO acres he owns, or pay 1 d.vilar 50 cents per day. The province is divided into municipalities, in each of which there is a wanlen and five coun- cillors. In the nmnicipalitv in whi'.h Air. Iiim-in lives, every man takes care of his own cattle, and is responsible for any damage ,^,ne by then! to his njiglibours' crops from 1st Apr;l to l.st October. After th.at thev are free cimi iiouers. I'igs are profitable -8 dollars per '.00 lb. They are fe.l on cracked barley. Fife wheat is sown mostly on tl.u Boyj,;-, also red ch-iff wheat. t)ats— black oats chic:llv, and white oats also are so.vn. A man comli.g here to .settle, ihould start v,ith oxe'i for the first two years, until ho gets enough crop to feed the horses. Having to erect a house, hia horses are standing exposed to the weather, wli-ist the oxen will take c.vre of themselves. Having airivel at Nelsonville, I washed witli soap and water in the hotel, and felt an un- common initatio'i over my face, vnilst my hair and beanl secme ' to bo glued. T was told that this arose from ai!:ali w. t'er, an l that na soap should be used in wn'-lung. Mr. Nelson, founder o.' *■',. town, statec', that when searching for water and digging his well, the ■ from whi-.h the inhabita.'ts obtain drinking v\ater, the v.,.,etable mould 36 Mr. lliirih MiLcau'x lujiorf. as 60 was 18 inches to 3 foet <1eep ; tlion !! tt> i fiot f.f niaily day ; thon n fiet ..f suli,! yfcv day ; th^n Wai-k si.ai>st..iie. The waUr is gfiifvally fimndlictwct'n tlio day and s. .apstonu. 'If Hut s iiO „ „ ., „ IJarley „ 40 to 50 „ u ii ii Votatdcs „ 200 M II Mr. Nds.mcameto ^ran^toha in 1877. Ho had i.lantfd c\icii tliu 28th June, and they all oamc go.Hl, JJubts, tiirnipH, and nianiiul wurzel do well Mr. Xelson ciirriiborated previous statements as to tho weather, reniavking t •; the ther- lucinuter showed 110" in the shade in July, but that it, the sample taken being the biggest. I also took an average onion. 1 1 i i- n i Tho I'embina Mount is a rising eminence, so gradual in ascent that I could not discover that I was ascendin dollars an acre was the highest price asked for liuid, and from tho location he considered it reasonable at that price. • ■ 1 1 . Haviii" now turned towards Momitain Citv we passed Mmniwashtoy, meaning good water, also Adam'son Crock and Deadhorse Oreek. 1 was stnick with finding bouldei-s of granite on the road to Mountain Citv, being evidently floated there during the glac'al period. The number of houses" that :^Iountain City rejoicoH iti is eight, but it will proliably bo a big place iiy iind-bv. After leaving Mountain City tho stage i>roce( ded to HtodJaitville, whero wc put up for the night, air. Stoddart had very good crops. Next morning we started early, piu^s- ing Calamity Creek and LiU'ey Creek, an Irish sottlemont, and the fann of Mr. Wnidrani, M.l ., Dlulf, South Dniferin. ,, ,, „ ,,, I'ltimately, after passing various farms, amongst others, Mr. McCorquodalo s, wo came to Austervitch, a Mennonito village. Iteforc ooming to it wo saw a gietvt patch of alkali lai>d. 'J'he crops in this neighbourhood were light. • 1 u We could, on looking back, now discover that we had descended tho mountain, Imt tho descending was not realised in the act. Tiio MeniioiiiteH have very good crops. Their cattlo pasture toj^ether in great herds. They had steam threshers, and all their houses were neatly tluitehed. 'I'hey al.so had machine-houses to hold their agricnltiir.al implem00 inhabitants, aiul it aiijiears to be a place where a good business is done. The mud is not ort. 87 uHil yiev 'liiy ; thin itoiH'. ' ]f nut s\ic- Tho streets by this time liiid diitJ ui), Imt tlio potivtocH, ; .iWiages — ivl.d, lie mountain, but tho d crops. Their eattlo jir houses were neatly iients. fel coming t)ff, which I'lmro, llhineland, and I horse threshingniill met the (lovornor of II one tif tho villages. Everything was very j)op|iies. j.aw Smuggler's I'oint, he thriving little city nd it ajiiwars to bo a as tlint of Winnipeg, On Monday I returned to Winnipeg "%hSi£:Sre tl^ S- ^^'c-tain article, at Winnipeg : B.-eaking ,.lough, 25 to 1, dolhn-s , c<,mnum loSl« to 'iLlollar-s , reaper and nu.ver combined 200 dollars ; horse h.-^raker, •.Tt 4i dollars- wa-'ona U-O dollars; spades, 1 dollar; shovels, 1 dollar :i;. cuts ; havf iks, - c nts ie^^f^o^^^^^^^^ ham.ws, ir; to ^5 dollars; two hoo,^,,ais 2.5 cents ; three .."■^KaOcmL; lo'in. tubs,'«0 ccajts , blank^s. ^Yn^'.^L^ hU^; llu/:;: and Indian. The Mennonite. lue llussian, and nun.her about /,000. There are about 1«,..U0 '•'"£ i^Sr ::; Muntoba -^ m latitude 40' 0' to .Or 2' ...rth. It 7;^'- «f ^^ '^i::::; .„ds divided into four counties -Selkirk, rroveneher, L'-^y;^'', and Alar., ote and tlue h'to twenty four districts), each of which returns a n.ember to the Donun.on I'avhament. Ihe '-\%^^::':i t;;rsf ri^j^vid'f^-iho mdia,. ^^^:^%:^s-^-!-^ M.nnonites. The sections throughout the provmoe bulon-mg to the Had.on IJay .mil stnool '''^S^ruSd;:^?'5l:ec2u:;;U £:i::'::;^^^ -^ emigration must f^vwes^ wMd sTth t il he cou>> rv is opened bv railways, its future prosperity must undoubtedly be ■-:-. ' 'Si;x. iiS;';r "r=;.^ .i-!'pvf aJ s'^^?5= wheatst w ,^ui r^.. up in stacks f-i «inUi f«^"" =• ^' , . , , c„,,tain, 'he is misMiig itrii..:':,,;:^-" ';'»i'"^«'»''™u r,;;t Jv,;~ 'li,,,. L...ui,« t,. l... nil liarviht ;!:'f:;;iX::;X:;:;Xth:,:ne;;du^^^ ^1 33 Mr. llvih J/c/.M i;.r'»i. I wont to Lonif or V,. ■• i Lift in 1818. Was in Uk > over 60 11).; bai'luy, oO buslji i for him iill suinuier. A good Oetolitn-, fitio irKriilli. XoVL^mliif, l.rolicn Scotcii wcutlicr. Dixx-inli r, fi" t .-t^lis tlu' i)Unigh. .liUiii.'uv, winter; snow 1 foot. I'dnimry, jiartly snow ; coM.' Ho tolil mo tliiit tluru wcri' SLVcnil farms in liis iiciuli'ionrlioo'l f^r .<:ilo. Ho also tolil niu of a farm liolonginj; to liis father that ho wonld wish soM. It is in tlu' tounshii) of Finch, Stor- mont, Ontario. " 1 mot at Sarnin s,>vunil partits aii|naiiiticl with iioojilo at homo. On roturnin',- to tho townshii> of AWlioroo'/h 1 mado fiullur in^inirics as to returns. Mr. Stalker's ruturns of wheat avera;,'ed 20 busliels jier acre; oats, (iO ; potatoes, 20 returns per liushel ; barley, 100 Imshels from 12 bvisju'.s ; bat this was not },'o,>d, the s-e.ison bein;^' very unfavourable. l)urin:_; my absence they had had a very wet harvest, ][e was wlaterin;,' l'> three year-olil steers feedin;,' with clioiPiu-d '■hilF, peas anil oats, l^as not doin;,' so well with the liug ; he uses l)r. Tacln'V antidote. They put all the manure they can spi.ie on the wheat laTuI, sow it with wheat and timothy an[cTiean, West AMb^lroM^dl. He thra.shed GOO bushels of wheat from 21 acres, sown with 1 ,; laishel seid per acre ; -10 to .",0 bush-Is oats from 2 bushels sowing ; SO bushels barley per acre. Has 111! acres; 1)0 oiider cultivation. Ta\es, 25 dollars. lli» rotation is wheat sown in fall, and clover amoui; the In-ainl in spriiv,'. Cuts it in .July. Some- times ha.s a second cut of ch'ver for .seed. Next year he lets the clover grow up and ploughs it under, .anil then gives fair crop of wheat again. 'I'lic townships here are ten miles long by ten miles broad. Mr. Dyke, in this town.ship, sowed 12 r .v. wheat, and thrashed 277 bushels, liaised .')0 to 00 bushels Indian corn per acre. Gr:' ng is from 2 to 3 acres per cow. Good hay, 2 terns per aero ; light crop, 1 \ ton per acre. '. iiruips do not grow well in hard clay. I saw many other Kintyre people— Mr. Itamsay, Mr. Stewart, and visited a cheese manufactory owned by tlanies McLean. " " ~ ■ w"\ero I met with Mr. A. Kerr, from Kilmory, Lochgilphead. I liis life. His wheat avei-ages 20 bushels per acre, weight re, weight JS 11). He .stated that 12 acres grazed five cows hiuld make 3.") dollars out of cheese ; has cows that e.weed that. Leicester shcej) rcciuire great care ; South Downs are best. I met with a (Jerman gentleman, .T C. Schleihauf, who gave me information as to shingles, flooring, etc.: The fornua-, 2 de)llars 25 cents, per 1,000 ; the latter. 4 inches to 6 inches, IS to 20 dollars per 1,000 feet. 1,000 shingles cover 100 s-piar.' feet. Hricks worth about 5 dollars per 1,000 ; drain-tile.s, 2), inches, 0 dollars per 1,000 ; 3 inches, 11 dollars ; 1 inches, 12 dollars; lengtli, 12 inches. Land can be bought here from 20 to 30 dollars per acre, 1 visited St. Thomas ; took rail for Dunkeld, County Bruce, Ontario. Saw splendid land on the line from London City to Harrisburgh. I'assed ( kielph. The land here seemed to be gravelly clay with loam above. Arrived at Dunkeld station late. I'roeeeiled to Si)\ithampton, on Lakt! Huron. This country is not very prepossessing. Drove from Southampton to Owen Sound, passing the Dagoen lUver, Chippev a Hill, and an Indian reserve of 12,000 acres. The soil is light iuul sandy. A good deal ol bark is made from tl.e hendook tree for tanning ; sells at 4 dollars l)er cord— that is, 8 x 4 x 4. Cedar i-i used U>\- j'aving. l'a.ssed the Sangeen Hiver. Mr. Vandriek, who owns horses and buggies for hiving, states that he solil horses at 112 dollars each for Duluth. The expenses to the purchaser were 20 dollars for duty and 8 dollars for freight. There is a settlement at the Lake Shorn of Lowland Scotch, who go in f'l' feeding. They Ji.vy high pricos for bulls, have good cattle, and exhibited steers at I'hiladelphia. We passed through the township of Keppel. We skirted along the I'ottawatamie Falls. _ By- auil-by we ftpi)roached Owen Sound. There is an immense ledi,'e of limestone in its vicinity. The town itself is beautiful comjiar.d to oilier towns which I had occasion to visit. There is a market in Owen Sound daily. The jjrice .)f wheat hero is !15 cents iier bushel. Donald McKay, 4, Conces.sion, Sydenham, nu'utiiuied that fall wheat averaged 30 bushels per acre, but thia is from land of which ono-thuil is covereil with stumps. When stumps are re- moved, such land yields 40 to 45 bushels per acre. Ho con-iilers this the best wheat producinij district in Canada. The drawback here is th.at, having comiuevieed pour, settlers were obliged to take crop aftercrop otf the land till it was cleareil. Now that they are getting up in the v>orld, they intend to give it rest and to sunuuer-fallow it, and l)y this means believe its fertility will be increased. Oats yield from 40 te) 50 bushels per acre ; barley, 45 to 50. Turnips grow to a very great size. Grow apples 13 inches in circumference. A Air. McLean, from a second year's crop of wheat, produced 100 bushels from 2J acres, as stated to nie ; that is eijual to 40 bushels per acre. The price of cattle and horses corroborates the price already given elsewhere, .and the s.ame for other produce. Average yield of hay, 1 to 1 .', ton per acre. White clover is natural to the soil. The average number of cows kept in a 100 acre farm is five, with their f.dlowers. I saw here Malcolm Gardener, from Margmona.;.veh, Ivintyre, and a brother. I also saw Francis McNeale, from Crubasdale Shore ; Hugh McDonald, a native of Islay, and oth'M-s. I passeil five farms belon''in;j to Islay men from i'ort Ellen. Tlie following is the system adopted by some, After ill ^t"llS tlu' l)llJllgll. }tt nisi) tolil 1110 msliip (if Ji'inch, Stor- Imiuf. I iH to returns. Mr. atot'H, 20 returns per liu s-e.isdii lifin;^ Very ][e w.as wl.'iturini,' l.'i it dfiinj,' Ki) well with xii spire oil the wheat l>. clover to each acre). i;tur ^[cl'herson, lona, (iOO bushels of wheat ;oiii "2 liusheU sowing ; \eH, '25 ilollais. Iliii its it ill July. Some- row up and ploughs it ten wiles lon^' by ten ilinished 277 bushels, acres per cow. Good ill in hard clrvy. I saw su manufactory owned ilnioi-y, Lochgilphead. ishels per acre, weight acres grazed five cows has cows that e.^ceed mntioii as to shingles, he.s to 6 inches, IS to worth about Ci dollars ; 1 inches, 12 dollars ; re. Saw splendid land on e seemed to be gravelly ioiithampton, on Lake [itoii to Owen Sound, 00 acres. The soil is for tanning ; sells at ;gies for hiving, states rchasur were "20 dollars in f '1' feeding. They 'Iphia. ;tawataiiiio Falls. By- lestone in its vicinity, ion to visit. There is ousliel. iveraged 30 bushels per When stumps are re- .■ best wheat producinij ', settlers were obliged ■ are getting up in the alls believe its fertility to TiO. Turnips grow ishels from 2J acres, as iiid horses eorrobor.ites ■rage yield of hay, 1 to [• followers. I saw here saw Francis McNeale, s. I passed five farms opted by some, After Mr. Ilof/h McL<iiotIier spring wbrat crop. 4th year, iiiiolher ^pl■ing wheat crop. nth year, a crop of peas. 6th year, fit for spring or fall wheat. Tut manure on pea or out ; round, and sow wh'-at. j , , t. f fl,.,t li.. 7th. After that crop, siimnier-fallnw and seed down with timothy .and clover. /;'t ^'^ ';; fnur years, cutting grais .annually. I'.isture two or three years, and it ,s considered agani lit foi """Tn'thisTnwn'.hip a.i in other townships, cverv man does what ho consid.-rs right in his own eves ThV"ctt?^;uble they have is thi limestone boulders a good fault, for limestone rock ^v ; a good true s.il. I thereafter drovo througl, Holland township, which - --"ty.'- 1^^^^^^ fc u's settle.1. and, like the other, is a beautiful cuntry. J-..e;bsli, lr,sh, and Scotch settlers. Countrvaforesttliirtvycarsago— infested with be.ars and wolves. ^ ,.„„, „„nd "w to Cl.atsw.;rth station; visited the fair; catt e not good but '"^^^^t ^^J^V ««" : Went bv train from f 'hatsworth to Toronto. (In this line, the n.arrowcst in C.an.ada, our train went ':v--abont twelve miles au hour, (.ur pa-scMigers were drovers. 'Phe train stopped B.uWenb^ ■ What's ni.'' Only p. king the cattle.' MJet up, get up. g«t "P- ^vdl ye ? Get up ! lJ>oyo?^s were on tc line p/^ n- the cattle with sticks to make them rise up. After the poking he train es on a-ain Uv n. d-by a frantic rush is made to the win.lows, and thereafter to the bell-rope tstont^il toil, and we learn that five of the rattle had leape.l out ! l^y-an.l-bvs after a drive Tany lio^^^^^^^ ^ poor country, ..nlive.ied by many incidents such as a Scotch tenner rac"m. us a,i.l barki.eg furiouslv, night comes on, and we ultimately a iglit at Ton.nto. Next day I went t>. Hamilton to attend the exhibition, but Canadian exhibitions are not ld.o ,..h bUions in this countrv. The cattle we.o not forwar.I, and, although the exhibition was pSvoJen, H had net been form.ally opened by his Excellency the Govenior-General, and would ""^'SJla.Kirit^nSbourhood of Hamilton needs no description. It i., according t^ tlic ncople o ha lu rter, tl.e garden of Canada. But the most of Canada is a garden 1 he orchar.ls \um. region ale extrkordii.ary. Clover cut first in June is now (September ^''VrT,., kV and can casilv fancy what a beautiful country this must appear in spring, ^yllo^l the apples an uevcl. 's are h. bl.Loiu. It is literally a paradise. The soil in this district is a deep red I left 11 milt^ The -uil becomes of a lighter colour, but the hne vegetable mould !; a ns The iiJlK show \vhat splendid crops were produced. More orchar.ls, more reclaimed riSrick an s 1 e h.mses. It w.as a relief to see a stone house. Indi.an-corn extensively grow;: Ma '^'iceiit orchards. It is hopeless to describe the land ; it was oi.o panoramic view ■' t^~l'r!wdan!;- I came out at St. Catherines, and drove to Clifton, and visited the Falls of Xia-ara. The land in this neighbourhood is IniRstonc. , ,, ■ The falls and the banks of the river are subjects for scientists, and would re'PV.o "^ very !,.n. thy description. They are ^aluable geol.v,i,^ally, an, every stra.^ger should visit hem. , v ;' returned to J f amilton, 1 went to the Exhibition, Nvbich was to be othci.ally o,,ened next day \momTthe exhiias were turiup.s of various species, cabbages, s.avoys, parsnips, beet, «'l"" h«^^. ;.\ri ne nods pumplcins man-o Is, potatoes, a fine collection of wheats (spring and winter) from ii' oviilnuJpeHment farin.'ontario! The Tonmto cordbin-ler. •^'--'-- (^' -»;-;; eii-ine (oOcwt.). I'rairie (Meen plo.e;hs. Ko cattle forward .'Xeept a contingent of Heief.. d d^- shines and a shorthorn stVer mid one cw. 1 eouhl notluse another d.y, >";'''- 'V";ff cause me to Inse a week ultimately, an.l therefore, to my great regret, left before the t.o^ellu.l. '"'l theiTwent'to (Ittaw.., an.l returne.l by tb.e Craii.l Trunk to Montreal. The quality of the ■land a W. this route, on the whoh, is go..d, tliough I f.nuid that fainylual, equal in .,uant,ty. " L tlK- west was not raise.l in it 1 called on my townsn.an, I'nn. ip.al ]Mc.l..u,;hran ..f the \-^er lar • Co it-v an I was very kindly received by him and by his brother, Dr. McI acliran who d,«ve ^e far 1 to the countrv, an.l sh.fwed m. all objects of ii,tere..t around Montreal I was t:\J^^^^ by M,;. Drysdale, Mr. AlcXish,.ai,d_M^ Alex. Mil .,y. On the Monday, \ slute.l or the Eastern Townships, going ov.a- the \ letona Bri.lge, which is tubular 1 efo .,',■" t,; the Eastern T.Iwns|,-:,,s I slunild r.mark that n the bush ni Canada the -est Ian, i generally f.mnd where .l.ciduoi.s trees loo.-t aboun.l. The pine gr.nvs -^ ^<^^^^^ :,i,d swamps ; .>n san.ly ridges it is of rcgailar .growth, on swampy l.an. it .,ccurs ere ami th.ie. As a ..en.aal rule, deciduous trees, such as m.aple, beech, .,ak, .'tc , in.icate good Ian. . TiT. Irive thi. ugh the ImvikIi country was .lelightful. It is a vautitul conn ry. an.l the farm are bett.^rcuriivated than those mi the line fr.in C u-bne. Iho system of ^mcingw h .traioht rails is now introduo-1, and the :-lg/ag Ontario rnds ceas..'. \N e pass the r.xer Leh. .1. T .Vl v,-r luay be al-ut 200 Niuds wi.le, i.nd was of a .kybh.e colour, bke Lake Suponor \\ e ,.U ,'V''.' '^'(l ' '^>^"^^1'' 1 »!^^ •:'-^"U;i., vliieh is wooded to t!.e base of a pe. p.ndieular ii 1 Mr. Ihi-jh McLeans Iii-)'>rt. ,.iccii.ico which wn« Inrt in fog. Tho autumnal foliage Ih rich, ahouiKling in green, purpl", ^"^ Tho^'riL.frof'the churches arc of tin, and tho Hi.ives are nl«o lined with that metal. Tli.^ cflcot when the snn shines iH.ist be daz/.ling. Tlie country consists of panoraniic views of rar. beauty. In the ftekls, the Hdges are not particularly straiKlit-Ihchevo ^l'^«'«;.''=;"y =f;''',!;^- ,/, have notice.1 tho same phenomena in County Galw.ay. Ireland, and m ""/'>'^1'> /*"''«„'" "'^ own lli;,dilands. I also ohscrved that gi'oves of poplar, which is a sacred wood n 0-^th. e countries, abound in the French country. At len;'th we arnvo at l^>"l>=»m- ,^''-'^,,^^7;^^: arc now seen. Those bushes d,. not ,^row in Upi>er Canada, and here .lo not become f''««. »- f homo. Ultimately we came to the St. Francis Kiver. The acenery hero is gorK-ous. 1 amtni^ itself would fail t.! repi-esent tho lovoliuesH of the folia-o. A picture Buch as this wo.ilu be on • demned as unnatur.al. We p.vss Ilielimond. Mr. McKenzie's farm, from Loch l^--^"' "'■;;' ^'; HteeVs farm. Underground drainin- is done h(re. We come to Windsor, whe ^-e-^ «• a napei- mill. Tho Bahnon aBoend fifty miles above Windsor. Tho variegated foli.ig.. ...=-> _ - .-s ov iy. I never beheld anythiui,' more beautiful. Jb.un.ls of earth are c ad w'^h trj^s pam ed in ex luisite colours, as Nature only can mix thorn. I-'armhousos and lovely white cotta.^es with I"e.,n' blinds add variety, while tho broad river, like a huge snake, cods .i,s wry ..round the W of mountains full of colour. A graveyard on tho opposite side remiudg the observer that, not- withstanding the beautiful surroundings, man is mortal. _ i,„ »^,„„ Th.. We j.a.ss saw-mills, and see wholo logs drawn up by machinery in order to bo eawn. The river is blocked witli rafts. ., „ , . •• c -n.. , un „,.,.„ We arrive at Slierbrooke. My first visit wa.s to Mr. Buchanan, township of Bury---140 acre farm. ' AViien a field is broken up,' said ho, ' oats or liarley are jiut m. A\ heat sometimes does well, and in some places better than either oats or barley. Next year potatoes manured, next year wheat, and seed it down with timothy grass and northern clover, sometimes Alsiko. White ilover is natural to the soil. In poor land the ground is manured for second-year crop. It u. allowul to lie in pasture till it., turn comes round.' When Mr. Duclwnan came here six .>Mr; ago tlie land was run out. The heaviest crop was a half-ton of h.iy per acre He manured the land for two years and cropped it, and laid it out to gnvs, and hrst year out I4 ton to the acie the second year 2 ton (part being manured and part not) per acre. In some farms this quantits is taken twice in tho same year. lletunw— Wheat, 2') bushels per acre . . • • IVuley. 30 to 40 bushels per acre Oats, "30 to 50 bushels per acre (known to be (JO) . CO lb. per bushel. . 3^ 11 The oats arc smaU long oats. Tease, raise them among oats-txvo-thirds of nnts, and one third of pease. Beans good. Turnips do exceedingly well, but there is too much work in weeding them. Wheat, 1 dollar per buslu^l. Other cereals as m Ontario and Manitoba. Buckwheat, Mr. Buchanan said, does well. Tho more rain it gets tlie better it will be. I* l';«d"";^^f » to 75 bushels per acre. He sows 4 bushels of oats per acre ; wheat, H l'«8hel ; b«'l«y. ^ ^'ishels buckwheat. 1 bushel. Indian corn requires more manure in Bury than turnips. 100 loads of manure will produce 100 bushels of Indian corn. Cattle sell 3 to 6 cents live Aveight. Hoi.,c:s 100 dollars for good junk (15 :> 10 hands) ; cheese, 12 cents; butter, 30 cents; ye«"-bng, 10 dollars ; two-ycar-old, 20 dollars. IJ acre pasture per cow sulBcieut ; haa 5 milk cows and their followers. Henry Cowan, Goulil, Ijengwick, stated hia returns of V Wheat to be 20 to 25 bushels per acre i Oats, 30 to 40 „ .. Barley, 15 to 20 off old, 25 to 30 ofY new land. Sold four steers at 27.\ dollars each, two and a half years old : bought some of tlicro in the fall rit 0 dollars ; h.ay, 0 dollars to 8 dollars per ton j butter, 18 to 25 cents ; beef cattle. 5 cunts '"■' llr.' Cowarromarked Uiat this was » Very dry season ; had resided in Llngwick forty- four vears and never sftw tho water so low. ,,».,, i. - . „k:„„„i Ontario, on the other hand, had a very wet hftrvest, and Mamtoba was showcry-exoeptional circumstances in both provinces. Mr. William Buchanan's farm : , <,rA »i. .. .t.,1 » »„„«.«,. Made 900 lb. of sug.-vr out of 500 buckets of maple julfie. Made l,6n0 ib. wdght of silg.lr in the season, which sold at 8 dollars per 100. Was shown the maple trees and the apparatus. Visited Mr. Robert French's fann. He is into the thorough-bred bi sineas, and doing well. Visited the meadows, which produce three tons of hay per acre . , , , . , , , o, «.- Next day saw a wellnuvhured grass field belonging to Lewis Mclver, which also yielded three tons of hay per acre. .JH^ Mr. Iliii/h McLcctu'n R'jicrt. 41 lingt in green, purpl'' ith that metal. Tii.^ riorainic viewH of ran^ oriiifneiUy crookod. I mittielil lands in ei-^ '■ a iiajier- iiliiigi. ■■■'- vii- - i.s ilail with trees jiaintcd ly white c(itta,vto« with ,« wpy iivimnd tliu base the obacrvcr that, not- rder to bo eawn. The hip of Bury— 140 acre Wheat sometimes ih)C'« itatocs manured, nu.xt lotimes Alsiko. Wliito Bcoiid -year crop. It in an canio here six yvriv; ;ro. He manured the out 14 ton to the acre ; lue farms this quantity CO 11>. per bushel. 48 32 ti Is of oats, and one -third much work in we«dinR divnitoba. Buckwheat, be. It produces 50 to del ; barley, 2 huwhols ; . turnips. 100 loads of >t live weight. Hor.sc:<, 30 cents; yearling, 10 i 5 milk CUW8 and their fht some of tliero in the its ; beef cattle, 5 eunt.s led in Ling wick forty - IS showery — exceptional ,6ri0 lb. weight of .sngar trees and the apparatus. i, and doing well. which also yielJed three \rrived at Comptou luul diove to tlie Knn. Mr. Cochrniie's fanii. \V;ts shown his uplendid Iim'liam stock— anionyst these the 10th DiieluM.n of Airdria and tlireo of her [.rocniy, viz., 2 cow.s mid a heifer; 10 to 12 calves from the Duko of Oxford and Mimnds of Jlillhurst. Saw a tliuiou"h-bred white cow— fat— shown at the Dominion K.xhibition, Montreal, .ind which obtained (iist priy,e. Shown also a twoyear-ol«l imported Ayrshire bull, n very line animid ; also the Duke of Oxford, a very famous Durham. Tlie Duchess of Airdrio is twilvo years old, and I ,r descendants have rialised to iMr. Cooluimo £;!0,!300, bein« unprecedented in bovine history. Was aUo shown otlier oowt^, a U of excellent i|Uality, kept for feeding the tlmniughbrtd calve.-. Ml- Cochrane does not jianiper the Duchess, but keeps her in ordinary condition. Ho received ■I fiien.l who accompanied me, and myself, very kindly. Saw a :iplundld turnip field on his farm. lli^ fiiiniK are in the lii'.,']iest order of^cultiviitioii, and show what llmt soil is capable of proilucliiL;- vlien fanned scientilinilly. His land was of leas intiin.-ie value orii;inally than other lands in |^.. uei.'hbouring toivushij*, but to tho observer it woidd appear now to be vastly superior to aiv in the district. Of course his success is inducing! others to folL.w his example. 'I'here aio lu." collections of field stones studded in heaps over his fields, as may be seen everywhere iti the I'lovince of (Juebec, an.l also in tho townsliips alx.ut (Jwen .Smuid, Ontario, and elsewhere. They are p\it into sub.it.inliid stone fences. there is a plant in the district called the wild schnni:-c, which raiises the hamls and fnc! to .well if t.aiehed. 'Iliu wild ivy also alVects some iiecplo even if they come within tho wind of iL It is fo\ind in (ineb.,e, Onta'iio,aiKl Manitoba, an.l al.-^o in the Statics. I visited at Sherlir.ioko the I'aton Woollen Mills, having received a note of intioduction to .\ir Paton from tlie Hon. Mr. rupe. Minister of A,-rio\dtme. These mills are very large. The ' ishiu" and cKai-' maehine di-jioses of 4,000 lb. of Canadian wool per 10 hours, or from 2,000 4,000 lb. of fin \iv.>l. Saw the dyeing vats, tlie boir-ipicking inaehino, 20 sets of curding lehines, 21 spinnin" mules, each havin.Lr "oO splndhs; lo.'i luoios i.mducing last week 711 i.ieoes of cloth, each 'i.i yards long ; the hydraulic press, the patterns, and the maehme shop. The work employs from 500 to 5.'-0 hands. It is the largest in the Dounnion, and the machinery i- of the Litest and most approved invention. ,, . . Visited the annual exhibition or fair. The licat cattle are now sent off to Britain, and oonse- laiently the fair-exhibits snlFer. , . „ . ■ I next went to Uichmond, an.l visited the College of Agriculture, being very kindly received ly Principal Kwing. He informed me that wheat with him averaged from 20 to 26 busheht l.Lr acre ; barl -y, :!0 bushel-. ( >als is g.iierallv a Mue crop— u.'i bushels to the acre. He groumled his students well in aritluuetie, algebr.a, Euclid, and land-surveying. On tlio '>nd of October I went to see the (Juaiantine Depot at Point Levi, which containe.1 many excellent cattle newly arrived from England. I thereafter started for St. John, New lUuiiswick. In this journey I passe.l over a -reat extent of French country, beautiful land- .aues, seeing various glimiwes of tho bays and liavens on the St. Lawrence, and once mora li.holdiii'r ocean's shijiping. Tlie most promimnt feature in the Lower Canadian towns and tillages Is the churches, which are of immense size generally, and tho contrast between these l.nge i>ilcs and the small dwellings is very marked. In the course of time we entered ^ew llrunswick. , . . . , mi. -o c rn. t This province is divided into eight counties and fifty-nine parishes. The Bay of Chaleur forms its north-western boundary, at the head of which lies Campbeltown. Very litflo farmmff is done there. It is famous for sulnion-tishing, though that industry was not very successful " Tha salmon go up the rivers Kestigouche and ISratapedia. There is a salmon-breeding establish- ment which tuniR out three-fourths of a million of young fish yearly. The yining tisli, when ht for removing, are taken to other rivers along tho Bay of Chaleurs. The salmon is caught by stake- nets on the sea-coast, and on the rivers by fly. .Salmon is very extensively exported. A fisherman with a 300-fathom stake net averages 1,500 dollars value of fish cluving tho season. _ The specified distance between each stand of nets is 'IW fathoms, but this la not always ti-orously enforced. Fishing begins 24th Mjiy, and ends with the last week of July. There is a good system of schools in Now Brunswick. Education free. Personal property is taxed, and every man from twenty-one to siity pays 1 dollar poll-tiix. , „,. The river St. John is navigable for t. ,ding vessels of say fifty tons burden, and small steamei's, for about fifty mijes of its course. Her craft can get up 150 miles. Among the fish are salmon and sturgeon. The biuiks ai e i\ 1 tilised by tho overflowings of tho river, leaving aUuvial ilopoaits which manure and enrich tho grass. . xt i> • 1 I ultimately arrived at bt. John, which I made my headquarters m New Brunswick. I thereafter returned to Sussex Valley. Tho soil along tho railway from St. John to Kothesay is vegetable mould on a sandv and gravelly subsoil. The rail skirts along the estuary of St. jShn River, which is wooded and has precipitous, bold clitt's. Tha scenery is very beautiful. I llothesw to Quinspansio is hilly. There are good f.-vnns along the line. The soil from CJums- lansja to Nawigewa is reddish. Dyke land, exqellent for hay, occurs along the Kiver W. John, From Nawigewa to Hampton there is beautiful green pasture, and much dyke land. WWtn 01 I i 43 Mi; JIiKjh McF.ciutu lifjio)/. I river hire iiiiiiKnicliiis \Vtst I.c.tli Turin it. Tim iijuntrv ix luautiful and Imn a rich appearatice, Suil, as turtii'ci in( r !■>■ tlic iplini.;h, is l)iC'iuii!rr, an wo truM'l olcii^', iif a lighter reil. l'a.sHi;(l NortriH( lit niiltjiidid grazing. ra.i;«:d Apohagrii ; then Honiu Indian wigwanw (:i'V<.iiid with beichliarlc. Arrived at Siifscx, and called, ith Octuhcr, cm Mr. (ieorgo A. Dnli.min. He hhdwed uie ex- ceedingly gtidd mangel-wurzel. He stated that hi« wheat imidnced 2't hwMwU to the ociv (8|)rin({ wheat) ; oatii, 4f>. Take.i five crops in wiree-isidn otf hix hay-f,'ri>iinil. I'otatoos, lii' planted -J barrelH, and dng lOt barreln. The proliiics were tlio kind, hut they rot more than the otherB. The red Hafen have a red streak when cut, are latisli, Imt very goiMJ. Has sUv. i dollars, a white potato. Had (wo oxen (liinhanis); woidd weigh whei\ fat, live weight, 3,800 lb. He fed and sold oif S!) head of fat cattle la^t season. His statement of the weather was that snow falls in 1 )eeenil)er to a depth of two feet, nmi lasts till March. ,Tannary ant, al.-o thun to ti dollars per month. Milk, 2 to 3 cints ; butter, 18 tn 20 cents ; bet,f and m\itton, li to 7 cents ; pork, 4 to C cents. On 500 dollars wl vitlorcm a tax of 1 didhir 80 cents is jiavable, and 1 dollar 25 cents for school. They have to give thre.j days' statute-labour on the roads, or pay 50 cents per day. Ministers are supported by voluntary contribution. Schools : No ho'.vse to be more than 2^ miles from a school. A house is seldom more than three miles distant from a chinch. Sussex Valley is a good district for Indian com, squashes, melons, pumpkins, etc. I there- after drove past Mr. Nelson Oinald's fanii. Mr. Charles Haison's— a farmer who goes in for vegetables, carrots, and straw) lerries, sending them into Ht. .Tolm ; he also grows plums, currants, an* gooseberries. Mr. Hugh McMonil;ale breeds horses— from thirty to forty thorough-breds— and has fenced in parks for training them. Passed many farms, all of excellent quality, with ij{)lcndid orchards attached. , j . . The nature of the soil in this district, as seen from a well in process of being dug, is loam on top two feet thick, gravel two feet, red clay and gravel mixed all down to ten or twelve feet, where water U got. , i . i. The forest trees are the pine, tamarac, spnice, birch, alder, cedar, maple, balsam, and birch. Wild ai lals are the cat, bear, moose deer, and carilioo. The latter are generally twenty miles back in he forest. Calving cows can be purchased at from £5 to £(>; yearlings, 12 to 15 dollars; twii-yearolds, 20 dollars. The Permissive Act is in force in King's County. We drove into a diiferent township, and passed through many fine fanns. The following is the rotation practised bv some farmers. A field in pasture, on being broken up, is sown with buckwheat. Next year half in oats .and half in potatoes ; next year, put potatoes in where oats of host year were ; and oats seeded down in potato ground of the preceding year ; next year, oat? and seeding down. Take hay crop off for throe yearn ; p.usturo for a number of years accordinij to extent of ground. . , , i Mr. Nelson Coate.i, whose farm I did not visit, stated th.vt his whe ,t would average 2i) biwhels, and* his oata 35 bushels per iu'iv. Ho has a 3.10 acre farm, 160 of which are in cultivati-^n, Cuts 100 ton.-i of hay annually. Winters 60 head of horned cattle. The pasture gives 2 acrcf per cow taken all throuuh, but in certain parts one acre would graze a cow well. L.abour, 100 to 120 dollars for a man per annum; 60 to 70 dollai.s for six months. Has 22 milk cows. , , J 11 • From a dealer I learned that South Downs and Leicester sheep are the breeds generally in this pit)vince, weighing .as a rule about 80 lb. They are wintered on h.iy and grain, and can be purchased at from 5 to 6 dollars, or £1 to £1 4s. I'reight to Liverpool, 1 dollar 30 cents from lUmouski on the St. Lawrence. He stated cattle freight to be 14 dollar.s. ■ , mu The Sussex Valley is uncommonly fertile, and farms are said to be easily purchased. The city of St. John contains 32,000 inhabitants, and has a considerable trade. I was present at the opening of the Provincial Exhibition. The display of agricultural produce was very good indeed. It is situated on the Bav of Fundy, where the tide rises some thirty feet. Tlie fish around tb« coast of the province consists of salmon, herring, gasparouche, shad, haddock, pollock, lobster, and I -1//'. IIiKjh ^fif.ecuCs Iiiiiort. 43 1 liiiH a rich ruipenratico, i!,'litiT roll. [. l'iiMi«:(l Apohiigtii ; 11. ]Iu hhdwod uiu «x- 1"> Viui-tic'l.-t to thu atr linmiul. I'otatooH, lii' lit tlii'y rot nioro tliiiii Vfiv giiiMl. HftM silv.i vlicn fat, livu weiyht, ilupth of two fuct, mill lly any iiviii iii wiiitu' ■ May to half nf Juno liiit, littlu lain, thunili.1' InWirii. iK^teil tlui iiint factdiv tliat ho knew of many at jircsont. Ho Howci ly. Last yoar ho ha'l inlly an acre. Weevil her. jiotatoos — has generally ; 14, 10, an(120- mber of years accordin;j ould average 25 bunhels, hich are in cultivatii^n. lie pasture gives 2 aert> J a cow well. Labour, months. Has 22 milk the breeds generally in y and grain, and can bo 1 dollar 30 cents from r.s. easily jiurchased. The le. I was present at the ze was very good indeed. it. Tlie fish around th« ock, pollock, lobster, and I^ lilmt, .-tuvuiM.n i.li >iiiiil In tin; liveis, This province is boiimliMl on tlio north by the pro\;iico i.f <,'ii.:boi; mill Iho JLiy nf Clialeur ; on the east by the Gulf of hit. Lawrence ; on the we.it by III" Sl;it(! iif Maine ; iiiid on the south by the liay of l''undy, I laving (111. sell finiu St. .liiliii by steamer to Annapolis, I entered another very fine Provineo, l!i,il, of Xiiva Seiiti.i. 'I'liis pruvince is linunded on thu nortli by the liay nf Fundy and Cliivnorti', ;iiiil is scparatfd fnuii I'liiue JMward Island by Xoithumberlaiiil Strait, 'l"hc^ (!iit of Caiiso .-r;i:ii:ites it fidiu ('aju: Hiitun ; otherwiso, except at Amiicist, where it is eonneetod with New riuiiswiek liy an istiuiuis about twdvi' miles long, it is altogether Kiirrounded by the Allaiitie (ifoan. Tlio len^tli of this province i« 2(i0 miles; its greatest breadth, 100; its area, lti,.')00 ,-'|iiari' miles. Cape I'lietiiii, jittaclu'l to it, is 110 miles long by 00 broad. The population in l.'^n was ;iS7,000. 'I'h^' Catholies ami I'resbyterians are about equally divided, being abinit 111.1,000 each. Oilier il ■iiPiniiiatiDUs luiiiilur ubuut l.Hl.OOO. There are fourteen counties in .\iiva Seitia and fmu- in C.ipe Hretmi. Nova Sentia is an iindiilating cniintry, ruiisistiiig of liills, plain-, .iinl niountaiii laii^es. The ridges run aling the entire country, thrnwing stnanis In the U'.ilh anil smitli. 'I'lieso ridges terminate in buld u)iiiglit he.aillamls on the coast, i'lid sioiietiiii"s ;;ia'luate into verdant plains. IJetweeii the Xnrtli Mmiiitain, along the Hay of Kuni'v, fiiim l)ii;by to Cape IJIi-iuidoii. and tin; Si.utli Mountain in Annapolis and King's Counties, is a beautiful valley, which was ]jait of the subject nf my visit. 'I'iie s lil tliiougliout the ]ii(!viii:'e is vaiii.d, tile iuferlcu- being found along the south-in ■^hoi'es. Tlui h.'^t hiiil is 111 the nurllieni. The counties along the ]>ay of Kundy cont.tin iiiiieh ilyke liiiid that is, land that was eiiclnsed finm the rivers by the early Trench colonists. li\ nieaiis nf earthen ilyk<:s. It is excjedingly fertile, having, without manure, prnduc :d spleiiilid : ,iy crops fur the last l.'O years. The winter sets in about the 1st of Dereiiiber, w.iun snow falls from one to two feet denp, Tanuary, the frost is pietty severe. I'Vbruary, 20 to 2t" b.low zero. Thernicimeter never I'lee/.es. ^laveh is wintry, blustery weath;'r, rain and snow. Snow leaves about the last wc;ek of April and the tirst week of Jf.ay, Then ploughingan 1 ■^•iwing .'lie in full cipeiation, and eciiitliiiies to the 10th of June. Potatoes and buckwheat are in by tlie 1st of ,(uno. In the last week of July and first week of August, hay is cut. Harvest eiiininences about tin; 20th August, and all through September. Spring wheat is cut; in S'liteuilier. The «l(;i'mer, on her way to Annapolis, toueheil at Digby, a considerabla town. I wm i!!ipvesseil during the tail up the Aiiuajiolis Gut liy the a])peaianco of well-to-do farms and li'h dyke meadow land, conifort.ible liniise.s, with orchards. I was not prepared for what was sti.l t > be seen. I went by rail from Aniiapulis to IJridgctown. I visited the Paradise Chee.so I'act Ty. They there can iiianufaotnre lo cheeses per day of from 20 lb, to 80 lb, weight. The faetoiy is a jiiiiit stock eiinpany emiiposed of farmers in the di.strict. They semi in their milk, and the jiroeeed.s, after dediietiiig expenses, are divideil amongst the partners. They manufacture sweet-milk cbei^se from 10th May to 10th Uctober. Skiniinilk cheese runs a fortnight. This sia-^on they made l,2o0 cheeses, the weight bJng 27 tuni.. oOO cows are about the nuinlier that supply milk. The jirolits allow about 1 cent, jier lb, nf milk. Two hands are employed in thu factory, and five t auis. The cheese is sold in tile hnal n.-trkets of St. John, Halifax, and Yar- mouth. They manufacture the cheeso on the princiiile invented by Jesse Williams, the first cheuse-inaker in the I'nitod States. The aveiage price fur cheese is 12 cents. 35 head of swine are fed with the whey. The foUnwiug are the factories in operation in Nova Scotia : i i;i I'ietou County, 1 in (.'ape Iheton, 1 in Hants, 2 in Colchester, 5 in King's County, 8 in Ann.apnlif, and 1 in Yarmouth. Mr. Pettoii, Paradise, Fays that wheat averages 23 bushels ; oats, 25 bushels ; barley, 23 bushels per lu're. I'ot.itoes are not good with h"m ; they average 200 bushels per acre. Mangel wurzel, 500 bushels, H.ay, 2 tons per aero. The best land in the county for hay is the dyke-land. His farm is 101 acres. He goes in for raising oxen. Paises three calves a year. Sells a yoke each year; price, 8 dollars per 100 lb. 1'he pair weigh together 1,100 lb. dead weight ; live weight would be 2,S00 lb. i'ami labourers get 12 dollars (t.i) per month for ordiiu-ry work. One dollar p.r day for h.aying, and ':l of a dollar for harvesting. Servant girls, 4 dollars per month. Jlany of the girls go to the States, The county of Aiinapi lis will liroduce 150,000 barrels of apple-!, at 1 ilollar 25 cents per barrel ; and judging from the number of voters in the county, and that the half of them are farmers who, as a rule, sell two oxen each annually, there may be 3,000 oxen exported yearly for the English and Scotch markets from Annaiiolis county alone. I drove into the country, up one road and down another, and was channed with the f!,rms and general appearance of prosperity. Notwithr-tanding all thi.s, I was informed not onl-^ in Nova Scotia, but al.-o in New lirunswick, and in the Quebec and Ontario Provinces, that many farms are hi^avilj' mortgaged, which means that heavy interest is payable for money advanced to their ownci-s, and that their owners are only too anxious to sell off their farms so as to b8 able to clear their ilebts ; so that there is a gnawing worm at tho roou of every tree, however promising it may be externally. The farms con -ist of mountain land, upland, and interval lauiL Bridgetown, fourteen miles from Annapolis, is at the head of the na%igation of the [ i« 44 Mr. Hiigli McLedn'a JiffMtt. rivor, an<\ Ih the krROBt t„wn in AnnnvolisCmnty. 1 naw a ycm^l ho,-o of from 159 to 200 ton, r^Ju\\Z!\cunALu.ut to many arti«.i«» : a gvi.t.n.ill i« much wanto.l, ho Ih a wooUcu-unll, ""' 'mvir ;::i^S!!i.ot,.,vn an,l it. boa„tiful fnut,. I prnc-cad to K.ntvillo which lH.nvh.,n...l 1,v h 1« I hero ox,K..ic.,..-..l th., greatest h..H,,itality fn.rn "», «l>''^^-<^"""*^>'";"'\ y, "J''' ;; rmn c'or..ftho Annapolin nn.l Win,I,.T Hallway, n.jt on y in_.lrlv.nK tno oyer the count.j.l'Mt in exvlainln'T the ni.li le of the ^-eeai;i o,. M... Lea,.,ler Kan,l. townshl,. of Can..!.,,', ^'^ ^'ilYu U^Z^!:^ nvcra-eH22b..Hhc.lH ,.er arro ; oat., 4f. to f.O In.sl.els ; In.li.n corn, 40 ^''-''yl'',;hrl ud ; i-otnto -. 2or, bn.l,elH. Man.,lo is B,.,va,l b.-oa,l..ast. Hay gnvs ^it''";!-': "";'/"' y,' ^^^^'^'.^^l^f ).„.hel. i-er acre. There in a.,y an.ount of m<^.y n;a,,lo "i; '" /''f'^*!.^' ,','"""*/ f^' ncco„,.t. Mr. llan.l ha. fo..rteen or fifteen acre. ... a so .1 '■'''^•V"„on^' 'hr. ui^ Imnel.' Ho ha« thutv thre,. h.ad of cattle, .-xn.! !.,. far... .h one of 200 ae e . /■^'J';'^";:'^ at the ratio .,f nix <•.. v. to rh;ht ae.vH. T-al.oo.. is .'',0 conts l-er .lay for a la.l ; U a.. o..l.n,;.y t^X\ -Ml-l-r -lay : ao.l 1.0 .lolla,. ,;.. an.o.,.. fora n.a.j %^:^:;Z^,^")^Z' iM-ii. llO.lulhus \vitliah..i,M,,u..l l .....nth. A^f.rav : . ,1, . o iv... in an o,-.ha.-.l of two 'aer... is 110. ll.' has ^ot 2.0 harreis '''ff '■«;';-';•, an.l K..1.1 100 ImrrelH at 2 .lolla.-.. Tl..a.hi..K i« .lone by stea.n tl.ra.sl.er ; gne ^^^y *;«''''' ]^"«^; in r.-t..m He UMuallv i.lo,.f,'h. B.-ven inches .kci. ; n..rst ,ieo,.l,. o.,ly 1' ""gl> J'V" " <= cs. Better " f-nHs to 20 cents ; 'cheese, 1 2 cents. A n.ilk cw sl.onia ,.ro.luce in """5 .f,,' ;;"«-;;' f^.« ' „necowhe had l.r.Kl.iee.l 300' lb. ..f milk in a week, imt the average of ^»\]\^f^^"^Yo'};^ 18M lb AVorki. .' horses abo.'.t fifteen l.a...ls high a.-e worth 100 (Ulars ; working oxen, 80 t, 00 .I'lliars per .air. Oly.les.lalo ho,ses a.e too heavy f.,r that ,li«triet. an.l trot ...g horaCH too light. The cattle they want are polle.l Angus ; and the h.>.ses the ^o^.mn brcc.l. Mr. I.n.es estiniated the fruit-production of Annapol.s, King s. and Hants Counties nl ''TSdrn a'i.':'X W. Margieson. His wheat averages 27 bushels per acre ; oats, 30 • barlev!n.^ c ; a"era;;e of potat.-es, 200 bushels. Ho has two farn.s-one of 210 acres, a...l . no .,f 212 aires The hitter has 10 a.T..snf salt ...arsh, which is the very best for fatten ng cattle. iUe hwlis worth i.. the .narket V'.2 an.ae.v, or 100 .h.llars ; npla,.d .s -^'^^.K'^Son ' nm,. Average ...ice ..f h.ay is 10 .h.llars p..r ton, but he .s selln.g .t at lb .1.1 .ars pti • ,, . .,d hay is"a .loUaroherper, vi.., 9 .h.llars ..n an av..,age. Mar.sh.m..d is s,.k.,d.d foi m^^^^^^^^ Whe.. ordinary grnsslan.l is n,a..,.red by it, it pr..duc..s cas.ly 2 »''"; l-'.^;"^' .^"* "" ^'i'^'- bi.i.l 15 t..ns. Air! ]SlarL'ies..n states that the present ti.ne is the w..rst that th.^y e\ cr ha.L Mr I.mes continut.1 his drive with luo through Coiiiwallis, a beautiful country, and we %:::!i'Xy/;Sede!i't-o Windsor, an.lthe superinten.lent of the railway Pl-t being on the train, he gave . le verv valuable info...,atio.,, not only as to the construe ..... of the dykes and B bdc^s, biU also i„f.,r.nation a« t,. ..th.r industries. We passed C..r.,wall.s / >y,<;:^ «'"« « T''''- Fort William, Avo.i Kiver, and O.-an.l Pre, the see.ie of I.o.,gfell..w s poen. of ]'.\angeline. (Jrand Vvi (<.r the great fiel.I) consists .,f al...ut 3,000 acres of dykedand, and is held m common by a nundier of propriet..rs. After the cr..ps have been cut, cattle arc t.irned on to U ™fter-fee.l, or paslui-a-lre, an.l, aecor.li.ig as the season has been favourable or otherw.se, a Kreater or lesser n.miber ..? cattle are alh-w.-.l o., the .lykeda.ul ; and a pr..p..rt.onat.^ numb. of cattle, aecrding to the extent of their other la..,ls is .lec.ded upon by the pr.,prietors f.n '''''' We'i'wwsaw Hantsport, on the other si.le .^f the Avon, and Armstrong's Khip-buildin- yar.l. The river here is three-rp.art.Ts ..f a mile broad. At Avon i'ort, on our own s.de, a bh.p ol 1,200 t.)ns burden was on the stocks. f,.„„„ja Wo pas.sed a br.)ok, the divi.Ung lino between Hants and Kn.;.; s Counties. The fo.mer is mostly kept up by ship building. At Hautsi.ort a UOO-t.m vessel was .... the »t..eks , sa.l-lolt. and other nauticil in.lustries wo.-e spread about. The viUane depe.ids on shipping. AVe passed Newp..rt Landing, mouth of St. Cr..ix Mhcv, ontiguo.is to Win.lsor, ^vh.eh was a m.le di.sta.it. Wo now passed an iron bri.lge 1,200 feet long, .rccted at a cost of £10,000. a.ld arrived at Windsor, a thriving town of 2,r.00 inhabitants. This neighbourhood is rich in limeslone ami L'Vpsum, much of which is exiiorted. By the kiiuhiess of Dr. Black, I was again driven over the country. We cal.cd on Mr. Maxi.er, who has a farm of 12,5 acres. His cr..p of wheat this year was e.xcpti..nally poor ; it wo-ild only average 17 bushels per acre. His ..ats would average S.". bushels per acre ; barley, only sowed half a bushel ; potatoes, 200 bushels. He has 25 hea.l of cattle ; generally fattens tw.) every year. He h.as 4.". acres ..f dyke land, and 17 <.r 18 under crop. He keeps IS cows. He sells milk at WindR..r, 2\ cents a lb., and gets at factoi-y 1 c.^nt; butter averages 20 cents. Dr Blaek sai.l that retail price of lamb was 10 cents ; roast beef, 12\ ce..t- • steak, U cents, at Wilidsvi-, The luikh-CJW^i are a iui.\ture of Ueref'.rd, Durhani, and Uevoiis. A good ci>W Mr. Jtuijh }frLenu'» Heimrt. ■from 159 to 200 ton, Ituristrt.' nri'l'4«t iu'ri:n. Thi! gra/.in;4 is a ta'l ; for an oiilinary i hi'usf ; for a niariliil ijtr month. Avor.T.,"' •is nlf forty-two tlCCH, vc every twelfth bushel ,'h five inches. Birtter nilk 30 dollars, or 40 ; of hia other cows was ; working oxen, 80 to iid trotting horacH too an breed, d Hants Counties nl bIs per acre ; oats, 30 : of 210 acres, and one ust for fattening cattlo. is Worth 1(1 dollars an at 1 6 dollars per ton ; is splendid for manuro. per acre, but on dyke- [it thcjy ever had utiful country, and we way plant being on tlm ctiou of the dykes nml lli« llivcr, King's Tort, ni of ' ]'>-anj,'eline.' ce-land, and is held in sattlo are turned on to Durable or otherwise, a I proportionate nunili-r by the proprietors for ng's ship-buildinj; yard, jur own side, a bhip of iiintics. The former is 1 the stocks , sail-loftn n shippiii;j;. Wc jiassod ch was a mile distant. £, 10,000, and arrived at 8 rich in limesloue and ;ry. Wo cal'cd on Mr. s e. pMun .|onny is bi'ing worked. I was very kindly entertained by Dr. lilaek, and aftnuards bavin,' aeeidintly nut Dr. I'ras ;■, Windsor, he ftls.. was cxcecnlingly kind to ine. Wo witm-ssed the tidal wavn calb-d the'i iro' coming tip the river. All creatures leave the wny when it ftpproachys. Tliocattlu know the sound of its ronrim;. Ki'..ni Windsnr I returned to llorion Tinndin}.', Grand Vie, and ealUd «n Mr. ralerson, who •d*. riceived me very kiiullv. lie likewisi^ drove me over thecouiitrv. He owns 100 aeri"<, :!0 iiiiii" uplnns. Indian corn did fair— 25 to 80 busliels per iicrc* In that province they manure thi^ ground for pot.atoes, spreading it on ; also numure the iMrniii i^round, and sow it in drills. He kei)t 10 cows last summer, and raised tlu! calves. This huninier only kept (5 cows, filled up the vacancy with oxen. He is under the impression that it is more profitable to feed than to breed. He says the dyke lanil will produce 2 tons hay on an nvera"o per acre. The upland, by undcr-drnining and nianui-ing, will produce ;t and even some- f imes'j tons per acre, but tlie dyke land will take care of its'df. It has been cr.ippelon.., ,.,a.l,U,, an,l M.dmal .•< .i„.,U ; ...• .lay fo.' bnck« a „ tii.r; yrimUm.c; .nilUl,,n...s'i a. well oh nmclhN nt... vMn^^uvm hIo.u, ju^l-er, alul .-l.l-, and iielii,ti',ipu IT l,lo,"l-sloiif. In c„m.h.sio„,tlu.- r.,.NiMCc. of Mauitol,;i an,, mis to liav.. a mop. f.rtil.' soli tl'nn any one .,f till- ol.l,... provincos. In ,,.„.l,.ctiv..n,.ss it lanUs lir>t ni .. ^l...ot o w li, at, <,al-, ami voUto.. , 1,m If,, ,1 that oontinuoUH croM.in., of wlaat is .va-ici,.. tl„; lan.l. Tm n>iH an.l ....•|..l wu./.-l i„ Zct in.'lv w.ll. The a •'.»".., tak-n from Ih.. invcclin- not, s aiv «h..at, .W, l.nshoU 1» , or o t n^', l'ot:a.,.s av. ,4. -;i l„..h.ls ,„.. acr... As thr ,,>„^in... at J.vsent con-.u,.; « its vh..at, tlu, VvUrM .,\,tain..l a.o as yoo-l as those in Onlano ; lu\ when wh.at im oxi.o.t, ., ?1 .r^ 1 a relalivolv hnvei-. Tl,.. ca.nt.v is .nital.l.. Tt eattU. ...i.in.,'. 'inM..,h.v l.av an! 1 t-mii.. 'r ss n .1^ p I crops ; u.l tlov.r h,.. 1h-.> tri-l, but will not >tan,l th.: wmt, ,. ' " '"an .c.^.!l tai/u'.Ulon.^ the I.mIus of th.. .ivus, an,l w 1 lots are as.i,n...,l to -ttlers ; ,u. nnle.s coal <,. other niat.^rial is Hnl,stitut..l, woo.l ;,'r„uin;; n.ust he very extensively resorted (■, t. .M.nUth., 8cti:..:s with fn..l. The clin.ate of Atanitol.a is healthy-thc .ur dry. dear an,l invi"„'ain.,'. J-ana cmi easily bo protect, d fr.Mn prairie tires, which are not nnfrciuent n, ^'' S't?. Manitoba, the provin-'o of Ontario has the 1*st cereal cr,,,,s Wh, at in the .listrl, t v!sie.l bv .no avera:;e,l 'j' bnsh.ls per ace; oats 4S ; barley r,., J'olalo.s a,., not nm. . ftrown, except for hon.e eonMtn.plion. In.lian ..orn .lo,..s v.ry vy.ll !• rn.ts m-.' ..xex.l ■ nt 11 ;■ cli.nato is p.ocl. There me many in.lnslries in the towns, prnu'ipally e.,nn,.,.te,l with ayneu, *"'ls-ext in o.-.ler cn,n..H Snssov Valhy, Xew I'.iun.uiok. -NVh.at pro.lncos on an avei-ajjo 2.! bushels, i,,..l .,ats 4S bnshels j.er ..,■,•,.. Xew Jiru.iswiel; has a lat.r .,,.,..,; and 'Y." '.[.''f'^;:,'.";-^ ; a...l a damper din.,., than Ontario. J'otato.s, ina..ii..ls, an.l Inrn.ps tlmv.- well. Cattle full, for the Kn!;lish market is bein- e.itere,! into. J lay la...l .s -oo.l. The b.cal n.arket for ii.o.t iiroilnee is St. Johns. . ,,i t i . t "•: The Kastern Townships .,f Quebec pi-odue.. wh, at av.r.i-mcr '^ biisli... s p■> bushds per acre ; ..ats, 2,'. ; barley, 2:J. Jthas excced.nglv rich.lvkci mr.,sli.l«n.l», the river bearing .lown a mineral deposit, an.l the ti.les cany.nK U], vegetable and aiii.nal particles, which together for.u a mu, that cannot bo mirpa-se.l as manur. f..rLTass-la.ids. Nova Scotia consume.* all its .,wn cereal produce. Its winter is l.,nyer t i..i. Ontario, but ve.^etati.m is very rapi.l when the heat of the ...numer comes on. Cattle feedln^ for the English market is exteii.sively ^oue into. It can y.e w.t i Ontario for its api-les, pears plums, nndyrapes. Its in.lustries are Hshing, inininy, sh.p-buiMing, hiu.bering, commerce, and '""TiSrthold.Ier provinces, that is in Ont;ui,>, Eastern T.iwnship^ of Quebec, Nova Scotia, ,ind New ]'.ninswick, there a:,, miuiy fanns f,u. sale. ,., „ ... ,... , ,. The houses in Sussex Vallev, in New l!run^wick, ami in the Coriiwalbs, AVuids,.r. and An_ li.^polis .Ustricts of Nova Scotia, a.e ve.-y niedy -ot up, an,l in jj:eneval are better than the nin ot Ontario houses, though in some t,,wnships and mar towns these also are very !,n,o.l. 'J'ho i.rice .,.■ land <,t curse varies very much, acco.-.ling to its .piality an.l the houses erectcl Tinon it ; but with a yo,,.l awellinKd.,,use ,n the farm au,l the rcpiisite siabl,,., barn, etc. a farm of 100 acres could be ea;ilv pui-dms,;,! I't -10 .lollars per ac'e, aii.l sometimes at less. In Nova Sotia marsh-land sdls very liit,d>-ab,,.it 100 dollars, or. a2 per acre^ One can jud-e from the prece.lin.M- ,...ceouut which i,r,,vince he woiihl seb-ct if he were .lispnsei to emigrate Manitoba is far .listaiit. The lan.ls next the railway at the \V mi.ipeg end are all taken up, but c.mld be bought high fr.,m their l.olde..s. Kmi-rauts rcpu.'e t.. )^n back into the country to secure tho fr.)e-giant lands, but the immediate extensi,.i. o. the 1 acii.c Ka.hvay, whidi IS now un.ler cntract, will si.eedily ojK-n uj) the vast area of prairie laii.l between Manit.iba uii.l tho Ilocky Mountains, ft distance of Jila.l' . ;o Murk. Ocliic "( nil' fiiuiiil ■<'' iiiililiciUioiiH I'f rud 111! 1 il iiiiiiiial watcirt, fii'i till' day fill' laickrt aii'l jiisjiei, ami I'lial-', Uli'l iilo XI '11 tlinii any one i.f (lat-i, anil )'Mtnti.N,H ; Imt \\iH anil u ii'iKil wurz-l ulirat, iiO), hiiwIioU 1» I ici' at incKunt cnn mic- vliun xvliiat in uximrtrl n','. Tiniotliy liay an! ,11 nut ,-taiiil tln^ wintn. i^iyni.'il to Hcttk'i'.i ; Imt '.• extensively resoited t^ — the air dry, clear, an.i are nut nnfreiiuent in Wlnat in the di^^triit J'olaliM.-i are nut nineli nit.-i are exeellent. 'I'ln' Ciinnei'ted with ayrieiil idiicoH iin an avcrajjo 2i! ■in^' and a later harvest, ve well. C.ittlo fuedili,' 1 liieal niarkot for nio.-t ii.'ls per aeru ; oats, ."7 s liidiiy t,'niwj into. , 'I'j. It has exceedingly id the tides carryini,' np lie mirpavsed aa iiiainir'- ,.s winter is longer tli;'.ii lines on. C.'ittlo feedin^ rii) for its api'les, pears, iiibering, uouiniercu, and of Quel>oc, Nova Scotia, ivallis, Windsor, and An re better tlnui the nin of •ery j^ood. :y and the houses erected .scat lie, liarn, etc., a farm letinies at less. In Nova select if he were disposed the Winnipeg end are all uire to ^o back into the of the I'aciiic Kaihvay, c land between Manitoba irc ; and seeing that they boat nearly so nnich in- xy of British fanners. I ivas all over the Province Calf Mountain, Perabiua 2/r. Ili'[ili Mif.'i'ii'H I'r/'iirl. •n T; lO'e roiisistiii!? of :i20 ncre^ for 2,1)1)0 dnljars, iiiebidiii,' 'JO nens ,,f »v..,, 1 with biiildinus. llu |,„ru'il tbalaf . Mvlleiit in.pwas on lb- u'omid. Me pn fern d puyilic; the Hbove price to lepi iiieinriif tlie ■irat . xpetie al'id labmir of .1 till},' biiildiii-s and fi mis, and the inennvenielicu and exiiense that wmild ..tberwiHe be attached to his setlliiiK' on iiiioeeiipi'd land. If Mr. 1! itlierfoid found this to be advisable in his ea.'e-and ho was a man lit tn juil^;e— I think iviiy l„'ison di -irons of emi'iatin- hIiouM eniiHider well, whether, if he can albird it. it iniRht not U Ilisiiabli! for him to ^ivo a liiKher price in the lower and niniilime proviiieeH for a ready -inado farm, where he nii-ht have all the Hoeial cuiifort* of life ipiite within hiH reach, than proccid "'.Maiiv Canadian funnels are burdened with iiiortf;ai,'.s on their faniis, and they are anxious ti. be reli. Md of the e faniis, and to start lif- afiedi in .Manitoba, where they can Kct their sons aii.und them, and bo aft.rwards provided for. Tliese men are accustolmd t;. roUhdi it, an. laiovvhow to use till Ir axes in inetin- lo- huu.es, etc., and they tlurefoie ale eminently .piallfieU for life ill Maiiitolia. .,.,,, , i \ ,i, i AstoHeho.ilsund.huiehes, th.'Dnnini.in 1 1 as hi-ldy fav.mred as we are ourselves. A hcIio.iI- tax is iiaid, but no b . -. . , , i i -n Medical piactitiniiers can .very where be had in the l.e.ver provinces, and by-and-by will spread thi ins. Ivi's iiver .Manitolia. <-, ^ . a i. w u i i, T retnnie.lfrum Halifax by the .Ulan st.iamship //limimH, Captain Archer, ^\ehall he.ivy we.ither, biithad a a I ship and a g 1 eomimvnder ; and altlioiiKh ourpa,ssa-e was protracted, we passed a very pi. asant time, arriving' at Liverpool .m the "iiOth October. \fterthe report had been read, a number of Rentlemcn sat down to tinner iii tho Argyle .\.ms Hotel, 1). Mcdiblion, V.n^i, presiding'. Tlie usual loyal toa.sts having been duly honoured. Provost (5ieenlees said it had fallen upon hiin to propose the toast of the evening. Ho did not know for what reason, but he suiipose.l it -.vs becanso he w^as a very old friend of his All must admit that Mr. McLean had done his • .ty faithfully. \Vheii they considered that he had kept them for two hours and three-.iuartrrs listeniiit; > ■ the account of Ins experiences in that CO intry to which he b.a.l been seat, they w.nild aekm.u leil«e that ho was a man of no ,lii ary ability. In seeking a representative to send from this .listrict the fanners could not have K'.t abetter nian. He c.nild fancy Mr. McLean going about everywhere with his note- book iin.ler his arm. He did not give them tho idea« of ono man only, but he compared various opinions with his own, and th.'U arrived at the result, and he wa,s certain that ^ '^^'''O' "l''"""" ho gave ho was thoroughly honest. He a.sked them all to join m drinking long hf- an.l health to ilr. Mclicaii. Tho toast, was ilrunk with enthusia.sin. Mr. McLean maile a suitable reply, and, ftftor other toasts, tho company aep.uated. REPOirr OF M]^. GEOPvGE CUliTlS, Wjiihi'lif Si/)'diii, Yorloihire. ' Cn.WFK fiaiiicrs nro pretty well ncipiainttil with the circumstances which led to tlio a]i])(P!nlmiint of Mr. G. OurtiM &a their dulogate to Canada to report on the Buitability of that country as a field for the emigration of Craven farmers. SulKco it now, therefore, to say that five mont.'is a^'o, on the invitation of the Cajiauian (Jovcmnient, the fanners of this important j^razing din- triet ii]ipointed Mr. Curtis, and he accordingly went, out to view the land, leaving the Bhorcs of Knglaiid on bo.ard the Allan Lino steamer isuiniatian ahout the middle of July. He remained in Canada a little short of three months, confining his obi^ervations chiefly to the Province of Ontario, covering in thr.t period a tract of country about 700 niileB long by 300 miles broad. Becoutly Mr. Curtis returned home, and last Monday met a large gathering if the Craven farmers at the Assembly l^oom' adjoining the Black Horse Hotel, Skipton (Mr. John Throup). It being the fortnighiiy catth -fair day, the room was crowded. On the jnotion of Mr. H. Holden (Halton Kast), seconded by Mr. W. H. Davis (Oargrave), Mr. A. Itojs was called to the chair. Amongst 'hose present were Mr. Grahame, of Glasgow, Canadian Governmer". agent ; Mr. (Jomorsall, Oticrbiu'n ; and Mr. Slmttloworth, representative of the fetateof Iowa, U.H.A. 'The Chairman, in o])ening the proceedings, said that five months ago many of those pre.ieut as.sendded in that room to select one out (jf thr-.^ gentlemen nominated at a previous meeting to proceed to Canada, at the invi'ation of the Can.adian Government, as a delcg.ite from the Craven farmers. Mr. Curtis was selected, and to-day they had met together again to hear Mr. Curtis's report on Canr Jp a.s a field for emigration. Doubts had been expressed as to whether they had done right in '^electing a gentleman who liad passed the mc-ridian of life for so arduous a task. ]jut in looking at Mr. Curtis now, and at the voluminous report which he had laid on the table, he was sure the issue had confirmed the wisdom of their choice ; and ho was glad to see that, mentally as well as i)hysically, ^Ir. Curtis had taken no harm by his sojourn in the Western Hemisphere.' — (.'ravin Pkitcci; No\ ember 20, 1880. Mr. Curtis, who received a very hearty welcome fr ^m his brother-farmers, then formally presented his report, which was a long and exhaustive one, and ably written throughout. He said : X proceed to give an account of my Ht"wardBhip, by submitting to you a report of the mission with which you entru; t^d me a few months ago. I went to JVe called at Moville (Ireland) for the mails, and th' n steamed away across tlie Atlantic without let or hindrance until the 2Sth, when we were enveloped in a dense fog. The weather became very cold, and we were close to a number of icebergs. The fog-horn was repeatedly sounded, but va that had nn effect upon those mountains of ice, our speed was slackened and the engines finally stopped, to avoid a col- lision with one of t!"" e ' cool customers.' On the 29th we passed through the straits of Bello Isle into the Gulf, and as we steamed into the liiver St. Lawrence the weather vccs delightful. The shore on our left, near which we sailed, appeared rocky, but well timbered. Batches of wood are cleared in some place.', and u]M)n these clearings are erected houses inhabited by i'shermen. They are painted white, and have the effect of brightening up an otherwise sombro scene. There is also a fine view of the Laiu-ntJan Hills, which stretch away as far as the eyo can reach. Some miles before reaching C^uebei , on the right-hand side of the river, we obtain a pretty view of Montmorency Waterfalls. Wo arrived at (Juebec on the afternnow of the 31st, where we remained until the Monday morning, the 2nd of August, and then left for Ottawa, the capital of the Dominic- In a consul- tation thers OS to our futiun movements, it was thought unadvisable for all tr travel over the 4!) i-ciill thill'. .i>(i!nltii.-!nt ability of tlmt coiuitry as a ore, to say that five jnont.'is tliis important t;ra?.iiig diu- 3 land, leaving the shores of Idle of July. He remained ns chiefly to the Province of :8 long by 300 niileg broad. ;e gathering if the Craven Ikipton (Mr. John Throup). On the motion of Mr. H. Ir. A. KojH was called to the madian Oovernmer» agent ; : the ibtate of Iowa, U.S.A. 8 ago many of those present ited at a previous nuoting to LS a delegate from the Craven er again to hear Mr. Curtia's issed as to whether they had if life for BO ard\ions a task, lich he had laid on the table, nd he was glad to see that, his sojourn in the Western ithcrfamiera, then formally jly written throughout. Ho to you a report of the mission lool on the 21st of July last, lelcgates. On the foUowirg noble proportions, vnder t he Airdale faimer to sail undrr). irs. Allan Brothcr-^^. We had ailed .it IMoville (Ireland) for or hindrance until the 2Sth, ;rv colli, and we were close to (is that had r.o -iffect upon inally stopped, to avoid a col- d through the straits of Bello the weather wad delightful, t well timbered. Patches of erected houses inhabited by ening up an otherwise sombre stretch aw.ay as far as the eye id side of the river, we obtain re remained until the Monday af the Dominic . v In a consul- sable for all ti travel over the Mr. (Jiovijc. CaiiU's Hcjort. -'- «-nuUud with a ^ie. -Xii';:::^'^eXvb,::'!:f in:itr and M. ^.^. and I IV'T fnntSV W^t.^^'Sd o e^^ section ..f country together but there wei^ q^lS-lnw^^^ ^ate.^^1^^^ mmmmmmB existing ones were not thought of " ^^?'' *" ' " ^^„^'^, „,,^ ,,„,„„ f'anadians receive a military the country. It is now the seat of a '>"';^''>^.V c"l^,« .Trvt ul'ice we arrived at is Belleville (the LkI we are at Port Hope, where there are some hue farms --^'^ y";f/~th place apF^i-^ t^' of Mr Wiimot The brother of the above-named gentleman kindly explamed to n.e the.ntercst- '"TS^ntol^Sw; arrive at Whitby. The land tl^ongh^he i^;^;^ ^^i^J^J;;^:^ l)a4 gton, and Whitby is excellent. I saw many farms n. good c". 'o ' i^'T'^'^^., i^^^^l,. were good, 'and the cattle and sheen were of a «"l'e";>rc)laHs -^"l-- '"y ^ '^^^f „ J ''^^■a, ,„„ ,,, • to be the favourites. The price of land vanes from £o to AlO per aci ., ana rented from 4s. to 16s. per acre. -Dominion, and capital of 50 Mr. Off>i*>jc Curtis' s Pepori at lii»t fii.'ht of boiu- a tl.vlvii.g and i,..pulou« place. On our anival I was introduced to tiio Liuutcn rrGove -nor, the Hon. J. 15. l{obi.,s,.n, ami to the Mayor (Mr. Kcatty). who acaMnpaniod us in a tour through the eity, Houses of Parli;Uuont, collej^es, imrks, and the van.m,s,mhho p ace . It "Really a heautiful city. Its streets are laid out at right ang es one o which, \ ouge Street I was inf.nmed, extended into the country for si.xty n.ile,. as straight as a lino, excepting for one flight bend about thirty miles out of the city. , . , ^ . ., i:.,t„„t „t u,.„„f,. The first firm I vis ted in the neighbourhood was about twenty-six uiile.s distant, at Bioiite, .m th road t Hainil on, with Mr. Btecchon. a gentleman from Wilt.shires Kngland, who was in a tS t'Tr he purchase: The farm l,elo„gs to Mr White, of Milton. Itcons.sts of S acres in capital condition, with new buiMiugs replete with every modern convenience. Iliere is also a neat 4i,lence built of conc.vte, in a nice situation. There is plenty of water an I mos to the hud is cleaved of stump.-, which have been s,. arranged as to form a substantial fence round the arm Al It e crops h.ad been i-aped and harvested except thirty acres of oats, winch were then k". cut These oats, I was informed, were sown on the 10th May, and my visit was on the litirvu'ust There was a field of swede turnips, aln.ust the best I have ever seen. They were sownonUie 10th dune. Twen.y-four acres of orchard are also attached to the farm lh„ cnu« of hay and corn were abundant. The price asked for this estate, including buddings, is '''"iMiei! JJImtoiVio Hamilton, a place after the same stylo as Toronto situated O" one of the bavs of Lake Outario. There I conversed with several of the farmers, who appeared to be h.yn y and contented, health and satisfaction appearing on every counteiu.nce. . ^ "'^^ P="^ ,* J"'' ''' the vinery of Mr. H.-skins, the city engineer. This vi.jery is twelve acres in extent and gave an excellent yield. It ferms a part of the holding of Mr. T. Barnes whose farm is m "Of »«"* con- dition. He has grown a crop of wheat on the same ground for four years in succesuon, and s preparing it f.,r the fifth. He informed me that he had never had leas than forty-fivo bushels per acre, but he makes a very liberal application of manure ev'sry year. Ho has also a large apple orchard, and the fruit was being gathered while I w-as there. • I next went to Burlington with ^Ir. Kurd to inspect his farm and nursery, which are charactei - ised by fertility, neatness, and order. His crops wei-e really excellent, and the buildings in good "" Oil our wav back to Hamilton we passed through a good farming district. Most of th» land was cIo;u-e.l and under cultivation, and appeared to be fairly well fanned. Improved farms can be had iii this district at from ilS to £16 per acre, SUCCESSl'UD EMUiUAXia. While at Hainilt,)ii we took an opportunity of going to Brantford (where we were introduced to the mayor, Dr. Heliwood) to insptct the famous herd of shorthorns, founded by the late Hon. Geor.'e Brown, senator. W.; were shown over the farm by Mr. Hope, the manager, and sa>», I suppose, the finest herd of cattle in the world. The farm is managed on the most approved nriiicinles. The crops of mangels and swedes were excellent, also the Indian corn, which is used as green fodder. The farm is now owned by a joint-stock company, and includes among its shareholders some of the best agriculturists of this country. Sales are held periodically at various places in the United States and Canada, and the cattle are in great demand. When at Brantford, I saw Mr. Burrell (a hab) and active man of seventy-two years), who came to Oanada from Bardncy, Lincolnshire, in ISaO. He had no capital then, but by hard work and thrift he jicnuired sulhcient money to buy three fanus. He now lives on his means, his sons workin" the fanns. This is but one of many similar cases I came across during my travels. We went froin Brantford towards Paris, and looked over several large farms, amongst othera that of Mr. L,uck, who arrived in this country twenty-three years ago, from Kent, England, ^vlth a capital of Adl 10s He now owns a farm of 200 acres, nearly all paid for. The soil is a sandy loam. Iho clover upon wlicat stubbles was sometliing marvellous ; it was from a foot to eigh een nclies in length, in full bloom, and inescnted the appearance of a regular clover field. We drove back from Brantford through Mount rieasant, calling at farms on the way. There were some well cultivated lands in this section of the country, which haa been longer settled than many other parts I have visited. We passed an orphanage supported by ....rs. Lay- cock and her brother, Mr. Coekshott, from Colne, in England. While m Brantford, I wivs the jniest of Mr. I'lewis, who is a genial, intelligent and hospitable gentleman. He is a Yorkshire- man, fn.m Hornsea, near Hull. He is doing a large business as a milL-r. The price of wheat in Brantford was -JO cents to 05 cents per bushel. I noticed that a roof v.o ' being put on a nyw citton factory at Biiiutford, which has been erected by Mr. Slater, late of Barnolduwickin- Craven. Tlure scouis to be a fine prospect for that business in Canada. _ rroin Brantford I made my way to London. Kit route I noticed the same prodigious crops ot fruit as I had seen in Wentworth and Brant. Mr. lliley gave mo an apple tha* measured 14 mches one wav and 13 the otlicr. While in London, I mot M'. llich, who was from Carlton-on-Trent. Wc Weic ' raisc'V 'W "U'' CiWKoli.iu cousins would pay, within a fe\\ miles of c.ich other. He IS Mr. Otor«, I the most approved lian corn, which in md includes among held periodically at lemand. When at lo came to Canada work and thrift he is sons working the lis. We went from s that of Mr. Luck, h a capital of X'il L sandy loam. Tho ) eigh een nches in farms on tho way. ich has been longer wrted by Mrs. Lay- rantford, I was the He is a Yorkshire- he price of wheat in aing put on a new of IJarnoldawickin- ! prodigious crops of ; measured 14 inches a Carlton-on-Trent. each other. He is doingalargo business in grain,andha.madehis„K^cyl^^^^ Sat but is now a wealthy man. ^hc c.ty itself .a m^^ ._^ ^^^ ^ , „f Kngland. and bridges, parks, and principal stree » a>-f "'^"V^f »"" ""'J^'J'J,,,.,!..;.., .,f the city are very pretty. the/eve^n possess a newspaper called ho {: «• Jjt;'J[i~ Uu of the prosperity of the people and the substantial residences and "''■"■^f j!* .t'"''; ^.^j^ {^ i« „tuated in the county of Kent I visited the estate of Mr. Wm. Karnes, which is J^T^^'^j.^^^ottawa city. 434 acres are m one and Plantagenet, on the Ottawa nver f.''''l^^'^fZSt\^o rest being in timber. Fifteen block and 150 acres „„k,t -ardener would get on well "» t^'^ P^^*- loam. I should think from my ^^1^"™*=';* f* " '""ii^,^ lloniul London is a very h"" f'^''"^- The land is good, and the grmrth -^--^^l K,*; to this time, visited. Land -n.ld be^^ ^.S^HZ ^IZ. S;tr[^\?iiiWb«ndings. .rain was selling at 00 ...s ^-illSing London I made for ^iivc^o. ...re h.nd of v., ... ,.naUt.^I --^^^^^ : K\^:r S~? -- V:S d2!r in pHcc, L the .il m the county of Ken . generally c,,ual to that in M5'1J1««^':-.. , .^^^ ,„ ^y,^ p^t.-oit Eivcr, and called to see the stud of We then drove through a ferUle but na.nerem J ^^^^^ ^^ land, but it characteristics as that of Maldon. ... _.. , .i,„ ...„»,U w..ro not . 1 1,.. TTnKv/\w T.hn LANP3. I next went through a fine district «>-S «- «h- "'if fa™ l^^fthoSoX' but much ovemm with ragwc.d »^\™f ' '1' fX„ this summer; but the land is of a dry. jSaS the unusual quantity, of ";*•» £ j^ Jt/.S^f, nd i.l keepiig it clean. It is reaUy a ber t ml S 1^7-^= to" ^o^^" oCch thistle and weed-the most expensive of al 5000 acres of cultivated land and about 8000 acics in ^^ ^ a^ ^^^.^ ^.^^^.j^^ ^^^^ ood. ward to the villages of Cottam and Essex Centre J^e \ana tn fe ^.^-^^^^ ^^a would, I 1 uibX farmed It seems capable of P/°ducing ..n> hu.., m uurb ^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ j^^^ SnSver? profitable if in the hands of "^^f^f^ ^^X^V^^^nfmanager of a considerable saw- Kthews, laU agent, and Mr. ^^^n JJ' bj^^f;, ^ £) t.> belargely exportecl, -"d w"V PJ['J» TniW and sash ond door factory, which articles are '"^^'^ ". ?^ -rpi,ey t ' 1 me they had land "mKlrt for many carpenters.and i^^-^^'^^^t^^^^-.^rd ^ .oh thevalue of the I fhiB locality, on ^jhich timber >« S™ -nj^ thjt they c^ ^^^^^ ^^^^,_^^. i^^, „j ^,,,, depth . Umber would more than cover. Iht sou " "' ^jging reaped. nsc of salt as a fertiliser, with ver.v good »'^»"''' '" ";'',,f,^ ^i^\^^ „ot, at the time of our visit, Sfi-SL-^fSSdriuS-:Sonrobtainedldonarabushe,wl^ '^ Tii^irJLed Colonel Desmond, .^ ... ^^S'Sut ^^^^1:^^:0^ 'S.Son^" T^ and general features it is much like ^I/^C'^•f ", 'X; Vage, and was working in the fie d l,«t(.rImub.toBl.«d. Ilinifr>.v,d.. w. niKt.Jl"'. 3_2 Ijg Mr. Gconjr C Urdu's Jiij'ort. -a loam renting upon n grav^-lly subscil. Land at this place was «tuted t,o bs valued ut £10 an ""chatham is the next place we arrived at. We vinitod several places of iuU-rcKt in the neigh- bnurhood, inchulinL' Mr. Taylor's woollen factory, and cxannned the cloth, which, whilo it cannot be compared with the Knglish manufactures in p..int of finish, u yet a good production. Kroln Chatham we went into tho country to see the land, .wd the way in which it va« n.anastod. We c.-xlh.d at Mr. Dolson's farm, where I saw a garden laid out with grjb Ux^o >lis ffrm ha., an area ..f nb.nit 400 acres, and is in very yood order. He was well natisticd ill. the crops this year, and his Indian corn, which w.is then standjutf, wasHoinething in.iv.elUms--- th.- linost cn.p'l saw in Canada. It would probably yield more than CO bushels to the .,cre. Ho h:'.d alsi) some excellent oats. .... ,, i^. i i ., ii ...v. i , Wo tiiVNcUcd tluoujih Borae good laud in thid dirtriot, and it is well culti\atcd on tao x.ho.o. FACILITIES FOn TIIK CllKAl' TIlAN.StElt OF LAND. Chatham is situated on tho River Thames, and steamers run between it and Detroit. It has eKed^!!.r.^lway communication, and everyfacility for traiispor ing ''"V-J-ts and loan .c^ tures. The surface of tlie country around Chatham is v-ery taking to the ^'J • I' ,=^^ ^^^^^ „iu-shv but sluices or open drains have been cut through tlio land nxht to Lake J.iu,.i cti^l.u cc llfaittldr^^n miles. '^ The soil b. th. district is not --P'^^ !;^;!>j^-^:: 'S'l;:.XS^ depth mid general fertility, but is callable of improvement.s b> furthei Uiama^L. lUc lana ut.vu a iTenerivl reHemblauce to that of the Fen districts in Lincoliishuu. , .. t, •.„,„. 'l had .an o portunity during my .stay in Chatham, through the courtesy "f t^e I eg s rar of in-pe'ling the' simple and clieap ..yst.ui that is adopted for the conveyance and ^^^^^-^.^^^^'^ J in (■'■inncla \11 tlio holdinL's ill eveiy township are numbered, and tho dioils of tno s.ime .iie k p't "t £ offi e of the Sstr^ together with accounts of all sales transfer., mortga;,.s, etc.. !^ ' ,.at tl^' itl. of any pr..perty c'an be verified without difficulty. .Jhe whoU^ exponses in con- i-ee on with tho transfer of hand, including the lawyer's fee, very often does not exceed £1 8s. T . a on K.s-ter to Wiugham, through the town of Clinton is of ^!^^\^^^-^^^ '^ the same remark will apply to the country for twenty miles between W.nghan. and J-ake V mon The. is a marked thoroughness .'bout the farming in this section of the country \ V he re the lai d is cleared of timber and stumps it is put into a cainta tilth for crops Badey an whelt seem to be favourite crop, for some ndles around Wuigh.am. Most of the land nm, d this neighbourhood was wild bu.sh fifteen years ago. A large f.^-l'^^^X^S, '^o erected at a cost of about £2000 sterling, whieii is very creditable to the 3000 i habitants of he phce. Tlie school-rate amounts to more than .medial of tl.o entire ra^tes but these are lov- ..nd^ mc does not hear any complaints. The price of land is a,bout 40 dollars an acre for partiallj cleared land. I may say that the woodland is reg..rded equaUy as valuable as the ''''^t:^::^ ;' a'imlSlauufactory. The whole of the butter is taken by a Glasgow iirni who pay 4 cents per lb. more for it than the local market prices which averse about '0 cL-nt p^ b. The establishmeMt i. owned by the farmers of the district, who send their m.lk i-nto the aetory daily, and are paid according to tli- .p.a.ititythey furnish and to the price he butter realises. The^e are many manufactories of the kind in Canada. I formed a very high opinion o^ this district, and the land is cheaper than at nonie other places I came acro.sD, aver- "''■^^'hl^i'att-ewetstCthe'Key. Mr. Betts drove me out to the Lake Rhore, where I met some vrain-dealers. Barley was being ipioted at GO cents per bu.hel, r.nd wheat wa» from So to ''"^ Wldle-'ln Toronto, Mr. Bennie, a seedsman of that city, kindly drove us round Scarborough and the adjacent distriet. _.."„, n n .j„ „„ „„ !,„ We weiit to Mr. S. Beattie's farm. Mr. Be.iltie h well knoviTi all over Canada a.^ an iin- porter and exporter of first-cla.>,s cattle. He w.ts pre.-eiit at the last Boyal Agricultural feocietv s 'l.o«- at Carli'le, and purchased s..me of the finest animals exhibited for breeding purposes. _ 1 e had s.aue excellent root crops. In tld^ case, as in every other where special attention is paid to til : l.ittening of cattle, there is a corresponding attention to root growing. _ We passetl several otiier farms, among which was that of Mr. Andrew Hood, the prize plough- man. 1 was much surprised at tlie excellence of the ploughing in Canada generally. Mr. BeniMo had some of the best crops of carr..ts and mangels that it has been my lot to see. We saw p.uiipkins growing which were 3.5 lb. in weight, and sipiashes 150 lb. cach-llkely to be 27j lb. before they stop ga-owing, and swede turnip.s of good size, indicating wliat can be done in fancy f.muing. The grain crop was stowed away in the barns in excellent order. Mr Bennie in- formed me that in seventeen years' farming hia smallest crop of barley aver.iged 38 bushels to thi acre, and that he had one year an aver.age of 55 ; his corn was also of good ip'-ibty-. _ We next went to the farms of Mr. Thomas Hood, Mr. John Ulbson, and Mr. Hood, junr. These farms were in oxcellent cultivation. Mr. Gionjc Curtis s Ucj>ort. B3 » valued ut £10 an ,t>re»t in tho neigli- cli, whilu it caiiUDt i'oduc!ti»ii. y in wiiich it was ; with great taste. well Hatisticd with ihing lu.uvL'llous — In to the acre. ]|o vted oil t!ie whulo. id Dotniit. It has lucts mid llmmlf.^c- i. It w.as fuiiiiurly iikc ]''rio, a distance of the iii'iiviiico for -e. The Ittud bearj )f the Kejiistrar, of nd transfor of land lis of tho same are ;ri-', m"rt^'a;;'-'H, etc., lie expensed in con- not exceed £1 Ssi. cellont ([uality, and ^inghani and I^ake ion of the country. 1 for crops. Uarley Most of the land 1 has recently been tOOO inhabitants of i, but these are lo\", dollars an acre for as valuable as the ;ftken by a Glasgow •hioh average about who send their milk nd to the price the formed a very high I came acro.s3, avcr- }, where I met some eat wan from S5 to I round Scarborough r Canada as an iin- gricultiiral Society's iding purposes. 1 le attention is paid to nd, the prize plough- nerally. Mr. KeuiMo lot to see. We saw -likely to bo 275 lb. ;an be done in fancy er, Mr. Eennie in- eraged 38 bushels to Mid ijuality. ud Mr. Hood, junr. We continued our iournev to Mr. T^'l^'-^^^-f ^Irih^'ZiIIryl'Slr^M,:; 'rh;!!rt:;! S„uth,lown. which had ^l^^f^J^f^'^^^^Jt^.:^ it nd.ht be cut three trying lucerne, and speaks aN.urul;!. of it lU VM ^^^^^ ^,_,^;„^, j „„, , ''-^e S £-U?^=^ M?Kri^rU .me hue shor.o. caUj. ^ ^ner^- mens than .o,„e of the annuals ^^'^ ^^^'^XTs\^^.^^^ f..Uowing re.ults : K.mr- his flock of 1-20 Cot.wuUl slieep. '?V",«;,'\f;'V llvv. r-..ld, 323 lb. ; one-vear-old, 310 lb. The ycar.,.ld ewe, 315 lb ; three-year-oK, 32,. ^''•'Xr 1^0 acres a short uistance away. The prico ^^til v^r- f f^r^:: t^ti^'^i^^^"!^ ^^^ thi« district is of a ^ood quality (;olle;,'e, whor. youn,^ Cana.l>aus '■^■'^^- \^ "/I '^ ^",, " ..,„v v.t.p .ycr, is .mtitled to .hare on ,f this vuluuM. institution, any iutei|aje.,oith.Mot ■ > y ^ ,„„,^.,i elnmicte.- ; (3) is oimUtiun (1) tU^.t he is ''''^l''^^^''"'^'''^r'' J;; ' , ,.:.^?\;,a 5) that he intends to follow horti- in go.„.l heuin, ; ( 1) i. ot fan- f "-','-'>"^,^',^ /t frJ^ t u'l and washing only being charged cult.uc or auilculture as a profecsiui.^ la ^ ''t " V* ' , j „f ,,i, expeUKw. 1 w,.m BOCOE.^.SKVL EM lU HANTS. , , • t. Af.. WliHn occiuned by Mr. Tlinmns P.oak. This is a We p.^sed on to a farm l'"l;>'^p"S \" ^ ; ^^l^X.J^..i\^^'n. cattle, .some of whi. . p,od f.rn>, wel -''^j-'.^' ''•■;'] n'vum lie is a a ive of CUauberland, and can.e out to Cana. a Mr. T.o:,.k lu-.s noporled ''•'''' .r--^ ;!';';, .tVumt by industry he (like scores of others I me«t w.lh ^'cvStu-^IlT ^Piud;::"^:!:!:^!' His l... amint to about 40 dollars per annum for the liOO acres. „ . . , -o i,w r.,n„.r were nionrcr.^ in this part of the country. ne:;::'f;rS-:a.Sb^:i;^::t He Parted with ntUe or "" "^1. went through t^e village of C.uipbeUviHe in t''^-::S;JS^^?iri:^^4 Halton, and an.ong others I u.e Mr. J"^^" , ' '^ {V ' " he erfctlon of a stone dwelling-house and fine piece of land ("200 .•xcrcs). lie ha.s V I 'j^^ ^^J^^"^,^;! L, ..nd in a state of excellent en ti- subianti:.! buildings. The .m,>1 on the f'^'"" '^''\.^""^X. ,.nd was able to give us interesting vation. Mr. A.hunsou .cttled here ;V^^^\^'- ^•y.ftownsiu He started without capital, but inforu.ation rcsi.ecting the settlement o ^'^^ j-''^^;''^^^ ;„ .^as the first Pettier in this dis- „„w owns a line f:,rm. Mrs. ^^"^'^l^::;^- Thr fwas not even a road from Toronto, trict, when the '^^^^ ^"^'^J^'^^u^- Mr A lamson came out from lOngland. He and they h.ul to find their way through the ''"'^'^, ^ ,| j f„„„j „„ f..v,,„ i„ thi* county m i, now ^ver seventy years o ^ and H kde -^ --^ J \^^ Johnson- Harrison, of Milton. neater trim, or mo,e prolitable '=;''^^ •\''''"';''i' fj,,,u,i,,,, i, „.,t allowed any quarters. He Toronto and HumilLou, and the county is tiaNeu niBE FllCM I'OVERTY TO WEALTH. n 1 „f Hin farm of Mr Wilson, who came out from England On arriving at Ingovsoll, we called at the fw™ of Mr ^ u , ^^^^p,^,,^ „f 3 a„iUus with his father, in 1832. ^Vhen the>-";;\«J£ ^.^wf.irTg, n i "tier property, 1200 acres ..f S4 Mr. O'eonjc Curti.-'s lieport. ujion his farm, iiinl wliilo partaking of rcfrcshmont listtnied with intense interest to thia fine and intcllifti-nt Yorksliiro emigrant of nearly fifty years ago. 1 may add that their wealth has been obtained from agricultural ptirsnitH, and that the land does not represent all their wealth. The»e cases speak for themselves, and show what can ho done in Canada hy hard work and thrift. We next visited, among several otheiv, Mr. Agar, who farms 400 acres of land of good quality. He also milks CO cows, and ninkes a large qunntity of cheese. The houses for the cattle were undergoing extension and alteration. The stahles are well arranged, and have every convenience. He started with a very small capital, but is now in a position of aflluenoe, which has been obtained, as in Mr. Wilson's case, from agriculture. We visited several cheese manufactories in this locality. They are conducted on the same piinciplcs as the butter manufactories, described elsewhere. An inspection of this district shows how easily and profitably the land oan bo devoted to grazing jjui-poses. The soil is a rich loam, somewhat undulating. The brick and stone resi- dences, with their cedar walks and neatly trimmed lawns and hedges, and the orchards, with their golden burdens, form a picture difficult to eciual in the finest districts of the Old Country. I now proceed to devote a few lines to Tilsonburg, which is becoming an important place, thanks to the energy and enterprise of its founder, Mr. Tilson. The town is in the county of Oxford, and its valuable water inivileges have already given an impetus to the establishment of nianufiictorics. It jwasesses a sawmill, corn, oatmeal, and pea-splitting mill, a large brewery, and a sugar manufactory nearly reaily. A large ipiantity of beet is grown in the neighbour- hood. A manufactory for drying fruit for exporting has also been started, and they expect to iiao 25,000 bu.^hels of apples alone during tlii:< season. Building materials are very cheap, \\liite bricks (very durable) cost 5 dollars per thousand ; lime, 2 cents per bushel ; hard wood, 2 dollars ; and soft, 1 dollar per cord {4 feet square, 8 feet long). This, taken in conjunction with* the extensive water-power available, prognosticates a biisy future for this young town. It is also said to be probable that any new factory started would get a subsidy, and perhaps exemption from taxes for a certain time ; so there appears to be a good opening. We went round Mr. Tilson's farm. The land is good and well cultivated ; the country around is a fine fanning district, and not innjitly n.amed ' Goshen.' In driving around I came across two namesakes, George CSu-tis ami W. Cu'.tis, who came from Lincolnshire.^ They and another brother arrived in Canada without capital, and are now in the happy position of being their own landlords. The price of land around Tilsonburg and Go.9hen varies from 30 dollars to 60 dollars per acre (£0 to £12), and, though near the town rather light, is of a capital quality. Continuing our journey to Barrie, and having been joined by Professor Sheldon and Messrs. Sagar and Donaldson, we paid a visit to Bradford. Some of the land wc traversed was inferior, but about Newmarket and forward to Bradford it was of good quality. Wo were joined at Bradford by Dr. Morton, the Keeve of the township, and drove out to Bond Head, calling at Colonel Tyrwhit's, who owns upwards of 200 acres of land in good cultivation. He has some good horses, cattle and sheep, and excellent root-croiis. We also visited Mr. Stoddard's farm, the greater part of which is \mder-drained. This southern portion of Simcoe seems equal to the best parts of Ontario. At Mr. Stoddards farm I had a conversation with one of his men, who came from Whitby, Yorkshire. Ho had been there fifteen months, and during the first twelve months had managed to save 100 dollai-s. His wages were 110 dollars, including board and lodging, 80 that he had nothing but clothes to find. He is now getting 126 dollars per annum, and hopes to save a still larger sura this year. To xisc his own words, he ' means to have a fann of his own before long.' We then went on to Barrie, the county town of Simcoe. It is one of the largest counties in Ontario, the dimensions being roughly 156 miles by 80, and, generally speaking, is a fine agricultural countrj'. Barrie is very prettily situated upon a bay of Lake Simcoe. We left Barrie in order to make a visit to the Muskoka district, and were accompanied by a party of gentlemen to Gravenh\u-st, where a railway is being made to connect with the Northern Pacific. I will give you generally my impression of this district as it is attracting a good deal of attention. Its scenery is very romantic ; indeed, it is called the Wales of Canada. It ifl well watered. Part of the soil is good, and part is rocky. I have seen some very fine samples of roots and gi-ain raised in the district, and think it is likely to become an important district both for the growth of cereals and the raising of live stock. The population is increasing rapidly, Eo I was told, and the free grants of lands are being availed of. On returning to Barrie, ve called on Mr. Bridges, who is a breeder of Hereford cattle. He owns a large amount of land — about 1800 acres, 1 think. He has a farm of cleared land, and is clearing about eighty acres every year. He told me that a good deal of the land has cost him nothing, the timber having realised mure than the price of the land. Most of the farms in the district present similar features to that of Mr. Bridges', though to a more limited extent. Before leaving Canada I had an opportunity of visiting the agricultural show at Hamilton, It comprised many of the same features that I observed at the Toronto Exhibition ; indoed. (jenvfie ChAIhs IhpDif. nr. 0 thin fine and calth has been ircalth. These nd thrift. F land of good houHeK for the ind have every Ilueuce, which on the same , bo devoted to and stone resi- nrcharda, with til of the Old iportant place, 1 the county of tablishment of large brewery, the neighbour- they expect to per thousand ; ; square, 8 feet rognosticates a Factory started lerc appears to ; the country around I came re. They and laition of being lollars per acre )n and Messrs. •d was inferior, vere joined at [cad, calling at He has some ;oddard'8 farm, lis equal to the : his men, who lie first twelve ling board and rs per annum, to have a farm >. It is one of and, generaUy a bay of Lake ompanied by a I the Northern ig a good deal Canada. It in ry fine samplcn lortant district reasing rapidly, J to Barrie, ve ount of land — Lit eighty acres timber having present similar ' at Hamilton, aition ; indeed. ,.,.v of ti. ..aUlo ,u,d „>.,. of the .eu.aj ^l^^^^^^^;^ T^^J^^^ Hhown at 'I'ovonto. but c.tf.us ----''^'.V' ^Z , ' , .Icl.l. Tho u.uchinery. har.lwave, an. c.r rather extou-lcMl, c<.vmin,- b< th tho ''^'"^ " ' ' c.^^Uod Toronto if anything ' which •* "'^ J' V a,.cH were v.ry K-L "'"> I'"/ """^^' f * A v a .dlt'm l th. llinuiughan. of Cannula. The matter for nurrviso, when one i. "'f'''X' * l^.^^n ,r.a m, at Toronto, ncaled -2850 lb. The horHen and cattle were good cla,s«0H. «"-. '"f .""j,, ' " ' .„nnuon.led. I had the pleasure o ai r;:£ in;-::^"^i&m ^^ „ ,„,.,,, ,dne of very ,„.£.::::u«^s;n^fMH» to niention the iinplenionlH shown by Mr. C-Pl' *"^;[, "; , ^^, ,, ^^onelusion I may say that I Caua;„ thu that the dampness of the air .s Lked forward to as one <> ,^"3;>';^^^^f ^^ ^ c tai"ly heard no cnn.plaints in Canad^ "^ a great factor in deciding the ^"/^'f ^,.^;. ^ '^.'^'.^d that is the necessity of housing the cattle and winter without any injury to their \f)^^}\3-- . . ^ a loamy nature, some light and some clayey, So<7.-Sreaking generally, the ^-^'l"/ ."^^^^ /,',", y.,"^, difficult to work as the clay lands o S^ttintlr'L". ' I may -y that 1 saw no ^^^^^ Sario many different kinds of w^il of that nature. In a country so lar^^ J^ "'^ ^ 1"^ " ^,^^ (..^^er seems to preponderate, as tended growing of root crops, .f °[;^?'^^'^"\„ay yet be done in some districts. _ tJnIrom a work issued by the Uov™^^ . „„..,„,. f.m.v .00 ^r ei^J^nrs^ ^i-ntitled to select 100 . r ,t Ontario: • VAvvy irct •«•».." , and cvcrj head of a family «00 Cfi Mr. Gt'0)'i/a Ciirtig'n Ihprtrt. il;iii,>.- ( f til ■ Fivu Clinnl-' miH nnot Tlio ciiiifliti'onR (if f!( I'atiMt (.hull i^siu' for .-niv laiul liicHtid unrtfi- this Act, or iiiidir bnid r.j;ciiliitioii-i, iiiilil the ixjiiialiou of li\u ylfa^^ ficiu tlie dale of Huch location, nor until the locates, or thoHu cluin:iii^- nnd.r him, or some of tlnni, have pur- formed the followim,' KuUlement (IuIIlh, that U i" say : liavu dem.d n!\d havo under oultnaliou at ha->t fifteen acres of tin; said land (uhcrcof, at least, two aens tliall be t-Kared and odliuitod anmnillv dnrin.r the live yarn next alter the date of the location to hoeumiiut. d from .Miclulute), nnd have built u hoUHe thereon lit fur habitation, at least sixtein fett by tv.xnly litt, and havo avlurdly and contimiouslv r.sid.d ujion and cultivated the said land for the term of five,. ear* next sueceedin^' tlie date of Buch hieation, and from theiieo u)i to the ifsuc of the ))atont, exce;..; tliat the hicatee Hhall be aUo-.ved one month from the date of the loeation to enter uj.on and . runnv the land ; that absence from tho saiil land for in all not more tlian nix montlw dunny any (,ni' year (to be ooinimted from the date of the h.cation). flmH not be IilU to be a certialiou of uuch ruuidenco, provided HUch land be cultivated i\v afore^iaid." ' ■lust a word in regard to these freu grantn. Xo one shoidd choose them fn n Imrry. There \.i jilenty of Rood land, but as nmch care shoulil be uxereiscd in its silection as if it had to bo jjuught, for it is a nuittur njion wliieh thi; success of the st ttlei' priie.-.rily deiieiids. Ontario nnn Field/or Hillli'vu-Iif.—My oi)inion on this lioint in that a man has <*very ehnnce (if doini; well in t)nta'rio, and that many have wieemi'jd is d.inonstraled liy the oxanjjiles which 1 found in the course of my traveln. I liiay hu asked, and it is a fair (jnestion, whether 1 would c;ire to live in the ccpuntiy myself and adopt it as my home? In rtsponse, I can uiiy that if ever 1 di) (; )>iitont, exc'.';.u rMluv iij.cin an I iitliK (Uiriiii; liiiy )u a ccHtiivlioa of n Imrry. Thtie if it had to bv H. uiH *vti'y rhniico iixaiiii>luM which .vhclhi'i- 1 would 1 biiy that if uvcr nriU .'ihSociatituiH dl hailiii!,' frnvu from our i-hoi'ta. the fiirtt place ft 1 Knglaud for a the uiark. I'or I. 'They get ,L;o(^t Lliey are carefid. Ill arc preferred ; ilhmit remedy in eir own iiiterefils farm labourer of , price from £8 to )alioii, while land to calculate what altle and seed, to would, of course, may remark here for £4 or £t> per ddnot, of course, hut civch year he ;nd his ari'a c;i'jh :ly, he could unvn lavu started wii.li , this can only he first eleiueui.s of 10 people scorned >ue occanlon, auil l!oclie';ter, in the .tu to X7 per 100 Is. There are no acre, though the Is. Oats, barky, s, carrots, and the ;,'roat luxuriance, air. Good as the ral application of oduce is also now bund on this side •ts, as my rejidors Luada, BO that the « admitted to the are K'^n-val!)' ■* f,"""' '^T'\ h " H [oad m- 1 'u ler work. Praise i. certaiidy duo to the effort* .uu told that the greater portion of 1 IB sent o t"^^" j; ' ^^^^"^^^^^^^^^ Kv are light, yet strongly m. W:s t^ hZ^r^h;r;:-i:i ^^z: &;xz;.kets ^;r thes^ooi. but i am 'told tCy are" I. aln>o.st entirely »upcr«,dc.l bv [^-^-^-'S o 'Soil,- The great fault '^'•&7-oW..-Tho following f^gu^s ar. usefjilin ''''-••^^13:^ oS'^hri^.O^S tural ^untry. Exports in !«'« " /vhea and «? ' ;,^\0;f «/;''^^^^^^^^^^ bushels.' In bushels: in K-71-.of wheat and Hour /> V/' 'j;-* J ~ [^^^^^^^^ 1878, f.,035,411 buslmls of wheat, and 2,t521,o81 ''»«''°'^"' "'^"^ '^^u ...^ „( „ti,er grain. Mut Dominion and in 1879, 1.768,7a;i bushe^ of ;yhe=vt »nd f ^^ ^.^^^'^^^^^^ better most of this was for exportation fre.m Canadum por. on a«cou^'^^^^ faciliues. for getting to the sea Wd -J,- , '' ^^;- rcrJs^U v^ ^^^^^^ bushels. The creased m 18/9 ^.v ^0*^'''"°''/""'''''''; ,''!fom) 000 bushels The foUowing are tho exports of export of flour in lS7iJ was also cjmd to f 'OM'.'^'^" '"'"'"'^Qg c.]ti lb. of buUer ; 38,054,2'J.l lb. butter, cheese, and eggs during l^^-8 and 8 »^ if^'b'^;t^;".°4Ml4 035 lb. of cheese"; f.,440,828 of cheese, 5,268,170 doz. eggs ; 18/9 l*'f ^'"'^J^^^- '^.'^f. I„ 1878 14 207 horses. 30,450 cattle, do., eggs. Exports of horses, cattle, "h^' and sue .n ^^^*^^ ^^^J ,,,j8 „„;„«. ^r,S:TrL::^'^^'^^^^^^^^y Mi? W^J. mterson. the secretary of tho settler are' so goodV There are ««-'-»\-'«;'"«i^^^^^^ tained their lands or lit e or "''^'''".^ have clearta ^^ farms under cultivation. They are now worth a good sun. y. *".: ' addii." to their means in now they wish to take up '^esh lands and get thos.in^o eutiV!^^m.aa.U^^^^^ this wa/. I came across a man at Wmgham to :^»> ". ^'^.^ I'-we g-.t into Ihieh is attr.«;ting so much attention, ^^""^^er re so is h^^^ fLiumg, and he years ; his sons have taken to professions "3\ ^^'f , ", ,^"^^7;' ' , Uy a m at Miltoi who had flesires to retire a.id live on '"« -H'>f • ^ ^^ '^^ ™ ^'^ "^ H^ ,^ ^ a farm to sell. Then, again, some *7/"" *" '''!^J' 'X^Yi^^^ ^^fi;:^ If r t^r^^i: K!^r :i£^ S uS- ana shortsighted operations. ^'^'^;:^;'^^.^!:^Sr^r words up.i tl;y<.^"bject andl^^ Tl^g^d^s^^e^ the charaelerislics which are usually found on tl"^^^;'- "'f \''« ^^^ 't, o"' '^.f the Anieri- llttle ditferelit from the f '"^'-^l-'-f ^'-::^-,, '^^ ^,^ ^,1^ S ho^^ aud I tliinlc can witli the caution of the ^'•f';';'^ ;,,,-^'^>^'^, ^.^'fi,, i„ K,,,aa..d, and are more extr taking class ^•l• '-^'i^-^^ they live in better hs.» Ui.ne^ > ^^ fiu-mhouses. i,, tli^ way of funiitu.^ JUKI M.xm^s J,^"li^'^;'>t:^^,:.s lining, I think, expressed Th, ve is of course very ht le anslocr:u:N, ^^,^'^'^^^,,, ,,„a ,„ore equality between man by the words capital and labour ; and tl'-^'f »» V '' >; ;;^^^^^^^^ I be ieve, in most of our i,l man in Canad. tliai. in -='--, r,.;);-'^,^ ,«'mS^^ :srrem:^;i/s>iH;-:^^ip^^ Mr. (l<'>r[ii' Curtis',-! Urport. r.3 1 11.. .,,;i.. Ill,' Ijiii-h nf nil .vrtiH*, till; mind of a formed « ^pecfvcle not casilv for;;,.U. n, and Nvnuld .-m-uu tl. i«.ct, or tho ton«uu .>f an orator to .lo it J""!'';'; , , ,. command of Captain l)utl.m. • 1 ...,uo hack in the Alh>n Lnu, f^^^Z^l^^"%^l^^J:i^.,y^... 'of th. Orphan We had » eon^'onial con,,.a".V •- ^» o-n ■■; ?_ "'j'i f;, / . , ,„^,i ,„,,„ ^ith her t- Cana.hv. I waH luMtitutio.., at (!alt, and M.sh Scott »nd » ^J^ ; ,; ^^XL a paK.cn.ar .,f th- san.c nhiplhat ulHo i-leaHcd to nu-t .loin. McUan, s-i 'jf ^':"''; ;;,;';';"■ ," vdan, Mr I.ons.hd... and Mr. I went out in. We alM, l>ad the lion 1 . A. hmu ■ ^ '• . ,f„,^ yy^ HicUson. of tho Monnon; also Mr. W. 1' ^''''^'"•.^^^'t' fAj'^^^; ^,, ,' luij^^ (Jran.l Trunk lUihvav. ami "''^'^ ',' ':" J, ' ' ^^\"\' , . 1 .vcollction. and inhtnictive convtr^nliou I ^liall t>t» ^■■"-"■' '" '' l""'' ^ (JUK-lKlNN. . Mr. Crti,, *. w» l,..,aiy .l„ml. ..,-«..l hj. ''f XJIlS wZ'S'""""" """"" ,„„"';h,,i i..'..k , i» ™''"\^,t\f ;z ;™t an; u 3 "«" "'■'»i.» ,„ with l.»n ctll., I,ut tl..y ..™i.»» -*«* .. England. r»R„„u ,.„«<,tioii to answer It was often discussed in Canada in ' Mr. Curtis said it was a difficult 'IV""""",*" """''^"t'^ Kometin.es tho n-ntrary. He did not his presence. Kon.etimes one <='V'S\'7':; ? ' , ^ i;;i'rSanr He did not think the believe in some of the statistics wa.ch had *';" »7;^'^''^"V uarttras had been asserted. His Canadians could put wheat down in »''■; «" "' > ^'Yeaten mt of the fiel.l by the corn-K'rowin« own imi.ression was that Dntano would s. on bt 1 eaten ' "«J Canadians were much districts of the Far We.t, ]ust as *'"K\'^''^^„7;^^;t|f .J^ r^r ^ e. He was told that the favoured by their c imate. but ^^f/'f.;^. ^ ^,;'^,, f >.. X! ^PiXbly the average of Canada S:;^t:;d/;:;?t;t :^:rs^mi::i ;::;:tr this .^X m the com-^owm^ district. but he believed Ens;land was not ^^^ Suh'i^l'o'Mtari.. generally was well watered. ■^KP*^,.-w~*~V Z.^. ■■'■ L ^V'-''i:k!JH 1 , llii; iniml of ft aiituiii Diitloll. , (if till! Oriilmn L'iinailiv. I «'iiH ' Hiiiiik Klii|> timt isiliili', »i>'l Mr, licUsi'ii, f Mr. HiclcHon, ih he returned to pf lirick, Htoiic, or r brick up to the ouiitry districtti ? ncoiivcuibut. It )od ; and he wftH iiitted that for a ly were gi-avelled, nnijiete in wheat- rtis's ojjiiiion was Dwing difltrictK of ed in Canada in ary. He did not id not think tho m asHorted. Hin the corn-growing liiuiB were much was told that the A'erage of Canada ere in our favour, o fear from them, growing diHtrict», ■ell watered. , a vote of tbanka 880. REPORT OF Mil. U. U. li. V. .VNDEUSON, 0/ Am^'IIv/, Co. Jui;iJ, IrJ'tiid, ON ONTATIIO, MANITOBA. AND THE NOTITIIWKST. 1 I I... ■, luniilHr of fil. lulh l.i '^o out to Caiiiubi and roimit on SOMK niontlH a^.. I V'^^^"'';^: „ ^^1 "^ " :, ,i , 1, as a li^d for .,ni^iati.,n. Acconliugb. the country in general, n vl .\ ;uiit..h,i '"""',. . j,,. „„. ,.,„,,^ ,,.,.,.,, ..liU ^-rowin-, Ik- I left IiH.l.n.l in .Ii.ly, that 1 ni,.l.t ''^^f ' /', ^ ,;',,;\ '^^ u p..^ lieving that in tlm Htale they aro an gK. ^ '■,,,1".^, ;,;,;;' ^ an,l instructive trils and have climate of a country. 1 >''^ve now ret .rued afU a nu> l^ ^^ witnessed many of tho not only ^^^ ^ '^^^V^ ^'^''^'':}: ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ .no^.^ to Ih- able to judge ordinary Canadian fain, opeiations , '''^^ ;^;'\,, \„„ ,,,t winter ('aiuulr has experienced what they must have beu, '*f ••■';;' ';;;;«^^^^^^^^ for yearn, and late enough to '^^"^^^^^ X'^2\^^ during tlu. h .ttest part of tbe Canadian I travelled for hundreds of I"' '^ ' ;. .^'-^ 'X,\ "^,,l>,s can speUk fnmi personal experience of summer, and having caniped m U.o " > ^^^^^ ''f '^^^^ ' 1 ,„„ ,it„is and blacl< flie.. 1 have taken the inconvenience of the heat, aud ''f\''";'^.,^;f;',,t^,, ".,,,, have vi.ited the farmers in Ontario Home little trouble ^}^^'^^^X. .' I h^tve ce aud done all that was possible in tho and the Bettlcrs in the ^;'''''>-^,\'^^,', ,,J't^,\' .^^ the whole 1 was much pleas, d. limited time at my disposal, and ■^''' ''■ ■' {, .' ' .'^^^^.k, ,,„a ,„;u,y of them, as well .vs its advantages ; There is no doubt that Canada has •'■•^ ^J''"''-'',^'^": [,"'• f;,^,,,^. i,j,„.,, it-in fact, to .(note a but he must be blind indeed -^^-^^''^;^^:^i^^'^A. v. ill be teeming wi h ne^v ^z!^:S^z r £r :;d'Hh!i:;^::^:^'xewtons \... ...tn.. when this o.d wom. -*SS3^b^"?Stothem.^^^^^ was almost irritating to our hvu.lM , u « '^ ^'''^"^^^ ,,,,t ^,,,,„ ,,,,vs aud a half, we were only four fectly safe in tli.ir hands The pa -.ago ''"'^ ' ^\\'l' 'i^'^y^,.^ ..^ii;,,,, {,,, the St. Lawrence-one must and a half days out of sight of laud .'>'' '^,'^,° J^*-;^^ ^fu ft. The arrangements on b.ard neo the glones "| this nwvgu.hcen n>.er^ K a J.^ o^ the vessels for the comfort ot -^ll^^^^'Ji't,, t,,.,t bn;b.ai% Hea-sickncss, I c.vim complete as they could well be. 7/'"' '^f'^' ;,',,„ ,,,lds hi. victim hmg, aud as he van|she.,,as he is ..uite as black as he » painted ; but he ',U'l ) n i ^^ j^^^^^,^ .^,^^j elasticity H In ieparatiou for the mischief lie '>'" [J "^■iJi;^^^^^^ de , - o .suffers nu.ch more in the English which makes one almost t'''^"'^f;f ,f J^tolin'/theAt autic in an ocean b.at. Ch.-vnnel in an ordinary «toau,..r b.u " " *f ' ^ \',;, i ,,,,, travelled over some COOO or /OOO As to the travellmg m ^'V ■■\'';>„;^,J,'^",;^'^\ ,"ti 5000 of which have been cither by rail ov miles of the North-American Coutiuont, moie ^ "' ^ . ,i.j„ ,^,rs and incnveiiiencts. Steamboat, it will te allowed th.it I '"" '".;^ f.^/, 'J i]": ^ 'V- ;,,,>,,d ■ recklessness which we So f.ar as'ono could see, there is a. ^^ ^^!^Z^ ;, ,aden times. The railway tr.ocks .associate with it, and which ^^'^^""^ ':'.',^:'" the Ppeed docs not exceed 3:. mdes per hour; are extremely well laid, and Kee.n pe f ct > .^a • ^,_^ ,„. ,i,,.,|.,,; e..mp.utn e.it the carriages are most cmfortable, '^"^' '^ ' ,!i' th,,.e with 1- fatigue than I vv,.uld one of are perfect. I have ma !;.■ a jmirnes "H^ ^^"^"^ ^Uh.r. and c.iui.-eted at each cud bv a 12 hours here. The eari.a,.s b.-.ng ^ ^ ,* . "^f "^ ^ tr.dn (-.ften n.arly a .piavter o a nuW platform, a passenger can walk fV, '"''':';. ,„,, a.v.v, .-.voiding the u.ise'.alile fejlmg "I long) and enjoy the fresh au- ont<.oe the cam-v if 21 r. !'. II- /'• i'- A'l'l'i-fi'x'-^ li'poii. CO , ,, . f I,,,,,,,. ThoarniVfiiviit-i ft'i'i'il tut?!;'.!?" IVVO Niicll ::.,;;;!•: :io';:':ti:;r[b:.":uu;;:: ilinJ u.y4." „.. .....^ - ...u. c..,. TI„.. ■,.:„.,. .....1 .li..u...in, h.UN uv ''^t'' /''^ ♦'; ' ';^,^,^! / , ;;;,;\,,,,„.'w,n.l,l nU.na , ..M th.v l.iv.. K'""l f''T .l..lioat..Hon-4 ss::,s;cE„;\i'::^i;;;f9:. ; s ;;i::;^ ,„... then,. ■ In,l..r..n,lcnt th- (-•«.,:,. kh. ;•-*;"';'>■;;;;;;; ' , " t 'u.at .I:lf-aHM..ti..r. usually ^"Vn,:: r 'wra'fo. of co„tr.,iction. t^at t.^, . not a .0. ,n^M,MJn^ in llie worl.l limn tho CaniLlinnM ; nor any contry Avhcro a umu, li.u m^ ttCimi 1 1 :-. havo his title thoroto n.oro r.-.i.ooto.l t'^'^' '" [.j^";;^^^^ thf"Vpofl«CH« to an oxtrnor.Un^vy il.-srco .jsr=":r;"t;iev:;;:;::u:^^^ attention l.toro ro.chinK (Jneb-o (some nnu; ;;/•'-/;■;, '^.''■^^Uoc is 1^^ Mtuat.a lookiuK like a streak of mlver ,lown ,>''^^^^ ';' ' '5;;;^^^ 1, .^^ a„d l.elow th- city i but ex- on a hill con..nanclinK nia-mhcont nu'UH of *!^'^'\,*;,'^ ',;"';' .it j^ tlio vlaoe is unintercstiuK. c..i,ti,.K th.,... vi..VH and the '>1^;-- ,;---f ^'^ , ' ^^^^ jS^^n!^ .levatorH, in th. There i« a larf,'e lumber-trade done, and lately '';!';J'^:"';, ','..,„ u^.j,,,, realised, for it «eems to hope of securing «o,rx of the corn trade 1 '''^ '' "^^^'^'^-^.^f '''^ ,av pre" it, for, should tho J t'lat Montreal is the natt.ral U've^e.d, p^.t^f the -'■ j^^j^^.Lthe tmde of Montreal ^;SSvra^r^\L:?:r:Sj;";l i;:"^^^ E^^opa fro. ..t omy U. North. -tt';^iS^l;:?l^r^JSMi;£fo^t^^ everythiuK by which the materia i;"-!-; ' ^ ^: ' J j'' '^^ :'^U,rtronl.le nor expe,.so to obtain lr1*r'^>;!='t!;rthfain';hJS;rplr;Lof thoprovmce (Ka»ter„ Tow«-hip«) ^-Sn.lntoMo.reM.ncpa^t.ron^^^^^ -:S,'ofis?;:rn.^!:o,i:i;KrrS^.;:^fo. estt'urof ^ii^'^o'^i" -i'^5 ":^:i:^ ii^::Maf -- of ™ Oiu™. th. C«n.^i™ cpiU. Hero I W *« l.''-™.' -«'"« < llll! it IllKf Itl.U'll.il tn tllO Ili'ilil'iiLr i'li;irp;o JliM',' (l.'ll':litriil. jl.. |! -l.iir .1 (! M uiiujul I iiiiil d'^liPUtl' Hl'll- ■< ll ;i riilTl;i',fi' «rt |iiitc'lli^>!nt mill JkmiL M'i'nH tip I''! |:lMi|niti' rIlHlli,'ll Ivill llllC'ljLUIKllo It fiMiii '1' pr'Piiln ||j;iii i uVLT li.ivu .v.Mliiul ; I will lilV st.:iv 111111111',' Lip.. ! . (iiw lil.l. iHM .liiir, iiHiially luct to Ijo I'itliur or I'lViil |ici)]ili3 jj luMlieity, will nrdiimi'v clcsroQ 1 1 lit- i/rimnd on lllu W()lf. c't I that attract ritiMiiioiicy i"'iills, lutifiilly hituatL:d !•) city ! Imt ex- i^< tiiiiiitui'OMtiiiK. clLVatnlfl, ill tliu d, for it Huciiin to , fill-, slupidd tlio laciu of AlmitrLal only tho Muitb- Raw annio maijni' ipri ;• d shiiithoi'H cousins, alive to L'd, havo Huun the i^xpctiso to olifaiii iti'in Tuwiiuhipu) ctorift — soma two II —one quite un- city of Canada. mpo and (Jttawn, nuni|io' a wiiii-piiiduciii^ re;.;iaii in the immediate future ; indeed, I naw viiupvard.'* myself of Nevend atrii in exti nt, tln' viiiei looKin;,' heidthy, and yivin^,' evident proof that they can lie Kf'^*" I" adwinl.i'.;e. Tiny hive a fjre.Tl many vurielieM of hardy \ineM, wliieli, with vi ly little eme, can ho kejit tliiiMinh tho buvureHt winter without recuivin){ injiiiy. l<'raiieo and (iurniaiiy may yet lind a rival in (>anad.L for thuir light winen. Ottawa itsulf is nicety Hltuatud on thu iiv> r Ottawa, and U'liitains the ]|ou.icsof I'nrliament, which are really iHautifiil structure i. From them (niu hat a Hpleiidid view of thu river. The e- small, nliglit, wiry, and full of pluck— not adiiptuU, apjiaieatly, for heavy work, yut astuninhiny the Is'liolder by what it CMl do. ONTARIO. • 'i'lie next city I .Miall mention is Toroiit.i, the ciqiital of Ontario, tlie riclienl province of Ciinndii. The ejly \i situated on the .^llllru of Lake Ontario, ami in beautifully laid mit ; many of the streets III' ud with trues, and thu lovely avenues remind oiicof a park. Hero I reeeised mueli kindiie.'>< froiii Mr. Donaldson, thu (iovurnnicnt agent, wlio pilot- d nm aboiit.and pointed out the varimiii objects of interest — the univumity, iiiodul-Kehools, ]iark, etc., etc., and wu had ii sail on the laku. Mr. Donaldson is unu of thu oldest •■ihaljitants of the place, and remeni)x;ra when, about forty- two years ago, there were but eight houses in it. An old-country visitor looking round him, tlnds it tax his iiiiaginuliun to believe this. Toronto is tho fountain-huad of thu Canadian cducationivl Hystutn, which, ho far an 1 can judge, ncciiih purfect. Ist, Tlieru is tlie Public School, in which every child is eiititled to receive a free education ; next comes thu High Heboid, the cliaige for which is about JCl a tpuirter for each pupil. There is a I'ublic School and High School ':\ each district ; the il'gh School course is a very coni]irehensivu one. Tho master's tenure of ol'cicc In thune bchools depends on his success as a teacher, and as there is a wonderful Rmoiint of rivalry between them thu pupils are fuiru of liaving every attention ; indeed u gentleman who was for many yean u most nucoessful master, told me that the post is one of the most arduous that can well be imi iiied. After these schools comeH the Collegiate Institute, and, lastly, thu I'niversity itself, 'die fei s fer which amount to about jCIO per annum. The pupils in each hchool are uicainined ll.'. . year by public examiners, and those wlio show Huflicieiit proficiency are raised to tlio iiuxt school ni>ovo that in which they pa8i. I think the whole system, Ix^th as regiuds cheapness and thoroughness, will favourably compare with any in this country. The province of Ontario is a nuignificent farming country : it was hero I firnt began to learn wliat a dangerous competitor in agricultural produce Great Britain and Ireland have in Canada. With a soil equal to any in thu world, and practically unlimited in extent ; thu very best strains of cattle and sheep that can be purchuKed for money increasing daily in number ; labour-saving machinery of the very finest description, and farms extensive enougli to warrant its use ; cheap food ; a country which can, and will in time, supjily cver^' want of its people ; Mid above all, a people who kcciu to have era.sed tho word ' iiopo.-isible ' from their vocabulary, it does not require the gift of prophecy to say how thu competition will end. One thing is abso- lutely certain — the sniall farmera of Ireland, even supposing they had no rent to pay, must succumb. Tlio noil of Ontario of course varies, but, as a mle, is good, being from heavy clay to rich clay loam and sandy loam. In many districts the land Ls a good deal run down for want of proper farming ; for, taken as a wliole, the Ontario farmers aru not models I should advise my countrymen to copy. Among other faults, they entirely neglect the rotation of crops ; and many soem to think manure unnccoaaary. However, they are rapidly improving in their methods, and I have met many excellent farmers who do justice to the soil they cultivate, and are, as a conse- quence, re.iping a rich reward. The climate of Ontario is healthy, althont^h severe. The heat in summer is intense ; the cold in winter, though not oi! great as that in the North- West, ij, I am told, more trying, owing to tlie comparatively greater degree of dampiie.s.s that t .ists. I am inclined to believe that the indiscriminate cutting away of the forest has injured tho clitnate, and renders it more uncev^ain than it would otherwise lie. The dry suuimer.s that sometimes occur are, I think, attributable to this cause. Lut that it is healthy in the extreme is beyond question : both the people and the cattle being living proofs of it. When one sees thu purest :jliulthorn cattle bearing the Capa- I n -^■r--' " «'.:t.'»mi-.'a'*ji>v. < •>"'». J 62 Mr. Ji. II. B. P. Anderson's Report. diaii winter with sheltov and fond much inferior to that considered necessary for them In this country, yet in as good a. condition as can be desired, one must conclude that the climiite is a good one. The heavy yield of all descriptions of crop proves that it is one suited for the agriculturist. Mtilons, peaches, grajKis, etc., ripening in the open air tell what the summer can do. I CATTLK, SHEEP, H0R3ES, PIQS, BTO. I did not visit any of tlio extensive herds of pure-bred cattle that Canada can boast of, being satisfied that they exi.sted. I may just say that having first imported their stock from this side, they are now able to sell us animals for enormous figures. One that I have seen myself was bought ap a nine-month-old calf by Mr. Talbot Crosby, from Mr. Cochrane, ot Corapton (B. Townsh '..»), for, if I mistake not, £850. I th Aigiit it more to my purpose to see what class of cattle the ordinary farmer was able to rear, and great was my astonishment to find on farms of 1.50 or 200 acres of land (the ordinary i-ize of a Canadian farm), shoi-thoiTis of the very best families, which they cross with the native cow, producing very good animals indeed, either for the butcher or the dairy ; and sheep that would raise envy in the breasts of some of our flock-masters in thift country ; the S*)Uth Uowiis surprised me much, as I was inclined to think the cold climate would not suit them, and expected they would be small and puny, but such was not the case. Up to the present, the Cotswold seems to be most in favour. The pigs, too, are excellent. I saw some Suft'olk and Berkshire pigs in Ontario tliat would do credit to any breeder in this country. I may mention, in passing, bavmg seen a beautiful .sliorthorn cow, ' Isabella,' the property of a Mr. llussell, of Markhmn ; she was a ])erfect animal of her kind I shall here say a few words on tlio prospect of the cattle trado with this coimtry. I believe it to be only in its infancy, and tliat five years honce Canada will be able to send us one hundred pounds of beef for every one she sends at present, and of almost, if not quite, as good a ((uality as our home-fed beef. My reasons for this ojiinion are as follows : — Until a very few years ago, the Canivdians had none but native cattle vhich, when crossed with <> gouu 'ijrced, produce very fair animals, but are themselves inferior except for the pail ; and as they only required these for dairy purposes or work-oxen, the calves, as a rule, were destroyed as soon as dropped. Now, not only are there several extensive herds of pure-bred cattle in the country, but it is no uncommon thing to find ordinary farmers with a couple of pure-bred bulls and good-sized herd.i of excellent 'grades ' (crosses between the native cow and shorthorn or polled Angus l)ull8, this last-named breed being admirably suited to the country). The calves are all reared, and as dairy farming has not paid so well the lost few years, and the cattle trade with England has been tried and is found remunerative, many men have turned exclusively to rearing and feeding cattle for the English market. At p. esent the Canadians are, and will be- for some time to come, behind us OS feeders ; but they are fast finding out the increased value which oil-cakes and other con- centrated fooils give, not only to their lioef, but to the manurd. Up to the present, by far the larger number of Canadian cattle sent to us are 'distillery fed.' A man makes a con- tract with 9- distillery company for the 'swill ;' and this, with hay, is all he gives his beasts. They thrive well and make good beef. When a farmer tie.i up his cattle he considers them worth al)out two dollars per cwt. (of 100 lb.) He can buy them for this sum, and is fully satisfied if he gets five dollars per cwt. for them when finished. It appears to me that a little more time and a little more knowledge will make the cattle trade a great success — for Canada. But what about these countries ? I may here remark, that our railway companies might do worse than take a le.sson from their C'anndian bretliren on the treatment of cattle while in their care. There is quite as great a difference between the cattle-waggons in the two countries as between tlio passenger-cars. In Canada, c.ittle are taken on at once to their destination, and not kept for hours here or there on the road, as In this country. I saw some very good Clydesdale sires ir. Canada ; crossed with the Canadian mare thoy make a good animal, but heavy horses are not required, indeed, would be undesirable there — at least for tlie farm. The Canadian horse is quite strong enough for the ordinary work, and is .t marvel of activity and endurance. I hear) some complaints in Manitoba of the mortality among horses imported there, but after sitting b-hind the same pair for six days, doing forty miles {ler day on an average, and seeing the treat>iient they often of necessity undergo in that country, I was only astonished that the death-rate was so low ; horses in V. is country would not last two days if they received similar treatment. I have run short of oats, and .as a consequence my poor cattle had to go for twenty-four hours with nothing to eat but soft prairie grass, as I was not always able to get even 1 ^ty. Their gontli.'ness, too, is wonderful. I had a striking exam|)le of this, having had to drive a pair of horses over sixty miles with thei- shoulders literally cut away : doing so nearly sickened mo, but there was no help f >r it, and yet the noblo bnites never even winced. I have got iuto difficulties and out fit them again, without hurt to either horse or trap, tli.it in this country would have meant the utter destruction of both. They seem to t.iko everything in a nvist matter-of-fact manner ; it down, tiiey will lie quiet until freed, and yet are full of pluck. *«>SISiW M.; n. II- J'- P, AhihrS'MK 11 >iorr ca ecessary for them in this th<^t the climtte is a good ited for the agrioulturiat. imer can do. anadft can boast of, being heir stock from this side, I have seen myself was lochrane, ot Corapton (B. Unary farmer was able to cs of land (the ordinary ley cross with the native le dairy ; and sheep that mtry ; the Stouth Downs )t suit them, and expected ;he present, the Cotswold ne Suffolk and Berkshire may mention, in passing, r. Russell, of Markham ; 1 this country. I believe le to send us one hundred ; quitt', as good a (juality ntil a very few years ago, h » Biiud breed, produce ,nd as they only required iroyed as soon as dropped. 1 the country, but it is no julls and good -sized herds ir polled Angus bulls, this ire all reared, and as dairy ;h England has been tried •ing and feeding cattle for ome time to come, behind oil-cakes and other con« 9 the present, by for the A man makes a con- is all he gives his beasts. cattle he considers them sum, and is fully satisfied me that a little more time —for Canada. But what nies might do worse than vrhile in their care. There ) countries as between the ion, and not kept for hours the Cnnadian mare they be undesirable there — at 3 ordinary work, and is a )ba of the mortality among lays, doing forty miles jter ndergo in that country, I untry would not last two as a consequence my poor [t prairie grass, as I %v!vs lerful. I had a striking \\\ei with thei' shoulders Ip t >t it, and yet the nobla em again, without hurt to ittor destriiction of both, vn.they will lie quiet until fjinl.s AM' iHur. 11 1 * I ' Out ivio wcrt' verv '^ood. i Mi.ai r ir-ln^ after crop of wte;vt being tuk.n from >' t". >c ,^,,^ ^tt^.-ly innocent farmed ; crop atttr ciop u ;,„i.j,j j,-, s;i;^i» 'St' .h.rs;*,;',';-»..y "■■ cf neither linrned cattle, sheep, working IS from f f lOs. to i|a „,emauy degrees m ore o ' „ut.ofHces, ftow- brick structures of the Sw i-s \ iiia '■'■J "-• „, cannot nlwaVB be ^..^l "i "": j. „ homestead has a large collai m ^v men I -^«i^TS«S!!!«s»)?«"*-'*F«»'- I ct ^fl^. /?. //. n. p. A,>'f>m,ii'» I?ort. si/ud flclils liy wooden fences ; cmo rari'ly onies across a ditch or wall, hnt I have i-*en a liudi;e of the Osage oriinge, which makes a ciij)ital fence, the nhnil) being of a prickly nature. The snake fence is a useful one, easily made, but is untidy-looking ; it is gradually disappearing. Owing to tho dry climate, fence rails Last for many year.t. Lately a Kirbed fencing wire has teen introduced. It is an elTeetivc but a dangerous fence, and one, I hope, th.it will never \ie intro- duced hero, or else g ayear with board in Ont.ario; women- fiervanls from £20 to X25. Taxes aro a mere b.agatcUe, aniounling to about Is. per acre, school- rate included. I was agreeably surprised to find that drunkotmess is not common in Canada ; indeed, T was struck by the absence of spirituous liipiors .at the dinner-table in the hotels, and wa.s ;. mused when tohl by a waiter that any douljt about tho luitionality of a gu«st vanishes the moment ho orders v.ine or boor, that being a sure sign of his hailing from the Old Covnitry. 1'he ratos of interest eliarged for money in Canada aro very high ; it is cpiite easy to get from S to 10 per cent, with the very best security. r.o.xna. Thti roads are not so good ns in England. lloaJ-ratos are paid by labour, and, judi,'ing by the work done, tho system is a b.wl ouo, I'RKE r.ANn. There is still some free-grant laml in Ontario, in tho Miiskoka district, principally bush. Tho land, I believe, is good, but I did not visit it. AGKICULTURAL COLI.EOE. T cannot conclude my remarks on Ontario witliout mentioning the Agricultural College at <;uelph. (,}\ielph itself is a fair-.'iized town in the county of Wellington, in the centre of a well- cultivated district. The laud is pretty good, but not so rich as some other portions of tho lirovince. There are several extensive brooders of both bhorthorns and Horefords in the neigli- l)o>ulio(id ; indeed, all tho cattle in the district were particularly fine. Tho collogo is about a mile from the town, and is supported by the Province of t)ntario. The fahn connected with it contains about .'iOO acres. I inspected the system of instruction^ which is very complete, in« cluf the ' Great * ire ; and its niagnil cent stone buildings preclude the possibility of a repetition of such a disaster. I ^'^'t^'' ''^" .f'";"^" vards, and found half the cattle and pig pens empty. I was informed it was a very small market There were about 50,000 pigs and some 10,000 head of cattle. I went through one of the large .laughtering.houses iM.wlers), and saw the whole process of bacon-cunng. It wa,s mai-vellouH but very disgusting. They kill, on an average, bOOO pigs a day ... this establishment The c.mi-ek.vators in Chicago ^re worth seeing ; 1 was surprised and delighted at ^he rapid tywih which they either load or ..nload a col n vessel. Some of them hold as much as 500,000 bushels, and one, I be':.. -, is capable of containing 1,000,000. , c , ■„ -r tn u Utimd to. a few hours at Minneai«.lis, celebrated for its wonderful miUs I went throngli „ne of th im-the largest, they say, in the world-and was amazed at the perfect cleanhness of ™ whole place There were numbers of ladies walking about, looking at the various operations, and their black dresses were iv. free f rou. dust as they would be m a drawing-room. WhUe passing through Minnesota I saw one of the nrtiny ruses the Americans practise to ..revent emigrants going into Manitoba, in which they see such a powerful competitor I mmition it heit. as it may prevent many persons being deceived 1 left my own oamage and w^t into one full of emigrants, for the purpose of .juestioning them as to their destination. 1 peSetc' At one ..f the statious I remarked two Yankees apparently farmers chatting tf'ether in the telegraph-office. A little before the train started they got on board, but "idently wished to be thought strangers to each other. After a short time, one of them entered , o cm versaUon with a Scftch emigrant, and discoursed eloquently on the horrors of Ma.iitoba said it was a swamp that he had gone up there to farin. had lost nearly all h« P'^^/^-^^^ J' «."^ ..iven it up as a bad job. He called the whole thing ' a big take-.n 'on the part of the Canadian r!overnn"r.r The other fellow, meanwhile, joined in and recounted his experience to a gaping ^udTenceTa, d then Lh praised Minnesota and Dakota in ...e most extravagant tenns pointmg out the very country we were passing through (splendid land some of it appeared to be) as a siime.io7wr they could get for next to nothing if they chose to settle in the neighbour- rocr^n wh ch they Lid they had just taken «p land-curiously enough, one in Minnesota, the W in Dakota. I don't know how it ended, but I have Uttle doubt they induced so-no of their hearers to remain in the States. The men were afterwards pointed out to me as'touters. I S say that gre"thX were offered me by a land agenV, if I would consent o remain n MtnneJota and ge some of my friends to come out .and join me there. To anyone intending to .0 trManitoba or the North-West I would decidedly say, do not be kept back by any of tha mimeroi^s America.. a.'ents you will meet, no matter what apparent advantages they m^y offer rUndoXtedlyUre land in Northern Minnesota and Dakota is nearly as good as that n llaiutcXa • but most of the good land-indeed, ALL of it within oonvenie.it d.sta.uie of the n i wS-i^ ?n thXnds of tlfe railway company, aud is dearer ^"j- //« ^ -^ C*-^^^^^ thing the settler must bear in mind is that the average yield of M.nucota is but 18 bushels per '" YsJort UmelfJer Sni\2e'sUtion of St. Vincent we were whirled across that imaginary HuetSVeZS'^i United States from Canada, and I was '^l^^^ll^^l^^^f^'XlU:^' been haunti.ig me day and night for --^J^ P-';-'J„^^^^^^^^^^^ the bt le 1" b.^in'Llike iir iir^lfrvSdThChtftl^S^^^^^^ Ss^a^seby furn£i^^:r^:KH: ^as^^ui^ir i i^^ ci y o 12 000 or^l3.000 inhaWtants, the floati.ig population alone l^!"S «^„'""^*'; ^tlionably- w..,^ ,.to the Presbyterian place of worship and found assembled 1200 or IdOO fastiion.imy went ...to the 1 '««'iy'';"^ » "^ , ^i^h I consider a decided improvement, it would not i;:rbtrSto"b:^eVe"l was'ln tt: ch«rch of some Presbyterian divhie in the good towa "^ ^Tw^verv fine rivers join at the. city of Winnipeg - u.e Assinibolne and the lied River, which are iiavilable for hmidreds of miles.' To give some idea of the importance of Winnipeg, [ ■^rr^c^-'i- .'■ -"WSfSS^iiii^Wi --T CO J//-. U. II. /'• /'• Aiidu-Mii'i^ i:,/«>i(. ,auy BUY that it huj-ixmIh th.oo Imukn um.1 ...m« ci«ht or t'^" ;«-;;. ^^''^^''/''^J^' J'^,*,-!';^ uii club and Hix .!.• eight churchoH. which are i,'--"^ ^ -f/ .^ ,^^^' , ...uaY ze n ^'"■^;; £r^^K^*MfH::;iK1he Ooven..nent^ntat ^^^^'^^Z^:!, his time in travelling, and >» »tt«n^l"S t<\hi3 ia.Uan.tni.u.> a^ of the hottest days of this year in Manitoba 7'"\y ^^;'^^-);,^\f^C TeV^^^ For some venience from the heat, except b«'"g 5''"^ '^ *'' ^'^.^ Zl of 1«^^^ district landlord took me to see a field of barley, Bown on the 12th of •T"l> ''J^^^^^f/j"^'^.^ jj ^^ igiHiipsill r lomn to their co'mpany. Next morning I started <>lJ^yj'g^^\^2 "^ N^w thJt the w~d I wLlS ;,r^^ isefby "he n^^^ and variety of the birds-one spec- s. resembliag P frf 1p la pS ThichVfew years ago was part of an uninhabited waste is now a thru .ng little Mr MoKenzie considers that cattle do even better in Manitoba than Ontario, in spite of the iTavinTteen In Ontario farmer himself. On this farm I saw some excellent root^, beet and iteTT.'?, T^jl. IJi. "«»..t 'into th. M»llol«n> ,.m.n.tor. So ™d, to th. :i luiUls ; ha,s a very Tlieiu is a, vorv fine >wu of t'i|ual Kize in a laiiy'w hair-pin in nnipeg, who procinvJ :e this opportunity "f ^rtuient at Winnipej,', 'acilitating my innvi- er calling upon these I reliable information. ,, who wished to see companion for a few t a little pluck can do it his trade, that of a i-tune, and is spendinj,' tarted at noon on one , but I felt no incon- ;ry slowly. For some bhy land, this district iiinj; is not good. Yet, ime wonderfully heavy il of it, I was prepared im which I found. I nn for the night. My as eight or nine inches itember frosts — a light it oflf, it would yield a 3med to need draining, th a whole ftvmily of should have preferred 5.30 a.m., and had to rack. Now that the effort at road-making. rse for myself through ie not nearly so mono- ler, but quite enough of t was large enough for leemed perfection; dry nificent crops of wheat -one spec -s, resembling !m. However, they can look his head, and said, all have over thirty-five ts, they looked verypic- d the curiosity to enter iharge of fastidiousness, e, is now a thri\ ing little elva miles from Portage ;h much kindness. Mr. ten crops in succession, ;he eleventh was ever so while the straw was less they were fair animals. Ontario, in spite of the it is a less trying winter, He is a good authority, excellent roots, beet and ive miles North-West of ks that is crossed you get On my return journey great numbers of cattle kept without difficulty utes, that a grazier In vcre quite fat, and this )er. So much for th^ .1/,-. /.'. JI. li. P- Andcmni's /?rj;;»/;^ j^^'t'^ nKjre^n^t bo Lw many magnificent work-oxcn "-"""g. *''«'"■ ""J^ht the rgo"*^ ^ *"""" good milkers. These oxen avo very useful "^ «"^"K^*' S.fland. For 'breaking" th, particularly so in a ,<=''""t^y '"t^"^ ,f J^^J, JS making it hard work for horses i l^sides, prairie they are invaluable, the sod being very tough, >"« " ,.^ j , „{ ..^ts. I an. L ox requircH no f.^od but grass and the horse ca^mo 1' - ^^^^hou' a hbcra ^^^ pp y^ ^^^ ^^^ told that oxen trained in Manitobiv a.e ™ ,*^*!^' *Xborn I was amused on one occasion United States ; the latter are """f y » ""^ «^J iHru y obsUnate brutes to deal with, and w. 1> "« Rood Why^ot^tiy ^ ^^^^^^^^ gentle persuasion ?' ' ^o "se, said he ; 1 *"\'}.""'°1."\ ",'•„„ t i ^fw a religious man when ^xen for the last five year., and thou.'h you would ^^.^'^^^^Vserv.Uod and drive oxen ; it I began, but I have at last come o the «"> °1»« »" *Jf .J' « ^^^ ^possible ; that abuse seems t.. is im>»sible.- The best authorities, however »«» "^ '* » ^^'tC^hip will make them do good «tnpify the animal, but that «f"t'«"^^\*'''^ 'J" ''f ""'"!!, ^ having been got over amid the work. I reached Winnipeg I'^'^f ''^">s'^*' *^^^\''f *^^„ " ^^^^^^^^ glories of the most magnificent thunderstorn 1 ^^^J^''"^".^^'; the n'.L of the rain was quite fmagination. T^^ thunder w.s no very loud .^^^^^^ suflioient to make up for this. There ''^ "f^'y ''em Next day I left Winnii)eg, prepared for summer, but very rarely .s any damage <»' "« '^Y, ^''^^^ J"^^^^^ i„ a south-westerly direc camping out-and a most enjoyable ^^ i J ^^imt outside w'n^^^^ my horses fell 'all of a tionf I met my first mishap crossing the feny 3 «f ^^^Z;,;'' "^^ J tL„ got up uninjured. We heap- on the ferry-boat, but lay quiet y till we f ''«^«» *^titVate and much of it was covere.l trav'Llled for some miles close to ^^e "v- ; he land was fi^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ „f with light timber. Near Morns I was «truck ^y;'^X;ed from some bliglit, while the rest wheat, part of which seemed to have fa led, or *" •'^''- J""*^;^^ '„^„g, t,,!^ nie it was the effect was covered by a luxuriant crop. On '"^"'""8 *he c^^^^^^^^ they "^nerally occur in July, and are of a hail-storm. These hail-storms ''7"«'""'^V'" f ^'^ ' s a mUe wide, but perfectly straight, extremely partial, cutting the crops down in "^ ^elt JH-ihaps a "» « ' ^^ \ however, right through the district visited. It is wel they are m.t vu-y ' ■^•1"«^»- ^^^^^ The return is do not make much of it a.s they say there » ''>«'£3;^^«~«i^t behind, I passed through ai. generally eight bushel. '»«t'^^f/;*^\«'?*y^f^;^,„'''' The Messrs. Lowe have something ike immense marsh on my way to the Lowe >arm ^^^ excellent, but too wet ; it is 19,000 acres in this neighbourhood m two ™- ^j'^j'^" There is some difficulty about adminably suited for stock-raising, as hero '« "^^undance of hay. ine ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ the watei-supply, which, I am sure, will be o^o oa^o. They "r« ^ort ^^^^ ^, „„j j^ ,,m of the Government cuttings run near them, which ^^'" '"''";" . miles of flat treeless then be fit f.r any purpose. Ihad f-!7 , b-;P>--.;^J";^^*^^"^8'^hra t JTf extricating myself prairie, mu.V of it marshy, and I could bonst a a r eM«:"encc i .^ ^^^^^ from a 'si...,' by the time I '■^''■^'''-'^.^^^l^^'J t',, Jf farnier? who seemed niuch pleased with rolling, dry, and rich Here I."/;,'' ^'"^''-^'^^ °\,^',n' t^ 'w^ through the tembina Mountains. the country : he had taken up •^TO^P^^^^^^Y^^T.h and very easily worked. Three years ago I was greatly pleased ^^''/j/'^" ''"'^; X\': "a 'tr c^^ Tu w for fifty miles round there are few, if there were not a dozen settlers m *h*^,;:^l''^i7^™\,i^rValley, which is a really beautiful sj.ot, any, quarter sections unoccupied. In t*>'',^'«fXd Atchison whose only cause for grumbling I i'et two young I/i«h.nen, Messrs Arms rm.gand^^^^^^^^ ^^^ y ^ ,^ ,^ ,,,_ i wa8 the scarcity of wives ; they told me if I ^ ™t, ""» very disagioJlvblG opportunity of would make my fortune. Here t^vo daj ''^'" e»^c «ne a j ,, ^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^ judging what wet weather in M.anitoba is. ^ ^'^^' "7V";,^ j uke to try the experiment 'drenching, nor for havingto let my clothes dvy ^^^^-^^^^ZIT^,,^ , I ani here foiir years in this country. Kemarking on n.y escape '' »^«"^^^ country in the direction of and have never heard a man cough yet I ba ^ a K" '^ ^"^»' . j J^^ ^.^^.^^J, Mountain Kock Lake, but had not time to go ..« far « t^o ^"^1^ tli emlryo city occupies a good and City, the prope; ty of Dr Codd ■"'• ^Z is in the middle of a rich district, the central position as regards some of the other town , aiiu owners may be congratulated. iir„....„«Jf* Pp.iprve Which stretches forty miles About ten miles%ast of Mount..in City is \heMennc«ite Reserve, w men ^^^^ towards Emerson. These pcple have a ^'^^^^^^^^"^^'"^li'Te^^^r than any others in the hard-working, and, as contract '» '""I': • ""."^'^^^tiXerso^ in farming. Their crops wcro Province. But they are not «ver-cloan, either in then persoi ,^^.^ ^^^^,^ ^j^„ very good, but showed careless cultivation. They glow very nne na aro'verv numerous and of fair quality. ,,K,m...t Tslaiti'l for Kmi'rson, whieli pUirc I Having spent a good wliilo fcxainiumg this srltli-ment, 1 siaiu ill ; -.5aiaS?*««^f'??ar-^»»*; J 03 Mr. n. II. /<• V- Andii-mn'i licpod. 1,', mill I'.'ft it iiuxt haviiv; tr.\VLllt;il ovol HIM' inclined to Imik niinn it w a inuih move ticridus nl litllo to i-uniovo thuse imprtwMionH : it miint lie cxpeiiencc'Ci vov.lu.aiivlointhofveniiiuMiuil 1','rt itnuxt .U.V onniy liiiniiiV.:iv.ljo;ivMoy, , •. „ ; UJ . h:nuU.a „,ile. of U>o country , and vet I feci Y''-:;'}r"'"t^:i {'Xu m^"' vo ^ccn it 80 Moidl w,i.s the p.irtion I examined eo.ni»ucd with the vast ^^ hole. 1 »ludl noxv uc Bum., idea of the croi,., climate, etc., nndor their varions head«, and state the conclusions I drew fioin my vinit. CLIMATK AND iiKA.SO^a. Th. climate of Manitoba ntid the Novth-We-t is one of their most Ronons.h-awhacl<«, but we Ifidi' than it really iH. DeHcnptu n win oo d to lio m\der»tood. At liom.', exec- live i;,.Mt isgenerally accompanied by o].presHivenes«;with ilH attendant weariness and j'^-^i'^ ; ""; cold. aA rnle. with dampne.H, which make, it raw and p ere uu,. Now this '; "''^ " "'^^^ Manitoba or the North-We.t. The heat ,.t lOO' was iindmib edly ^^''^'f '''i^;^;" ~'f u n fnmi personal experience-without miltriness. I perspiie tipi^ak as li:vviur{ J. 1 shall new ^ivo J coiicliioions I druw s ih-awhacks, bnt we Dosciiptii II will "! I At liiiiu', i:xi;f- iIm' sH 1111(1 iiici tin. ; niiil lis iM not thu oa.xo in 80, but— 1111(1 I Bpi'ivk therwiso folt iv> iu- (in timisiml (ii.',i;i-eo of r there is a pleivsiiiil, to bo ft breeze. Nn J in very great, but f it were, animal lif'- V zero — just imagine be accompanied by iv ule, it Ktnnds at from not content with thu iiH the Bishop of the and others, on whose e thermometer .-'tands ful part of the year, vourahly with that of ■able. In the Riiinmcr er storms of wind and nietimes occnr, which America just as much ered tents durinj; the me, and think nothinj,' 1 cold better than the nini; of the year, and 1 the thaw comes it is iw evaporates, leaving; falls ; drought, which lews are so heavy that eayons arc as follows : tember ; autiinin, part so extensive a country i-est is ten days earlier North-West cannot be ; ; but as n rule it is a latioii — and resting on a places not more than ;al analysis ha-i proved lat, and certainly prac- as powder. However, y to the lightuHt .:>andy ndian com (maize) does r too fast, and while it irds quality. Potatoes id meet some of a poor timothy and cocksfoot [vss thrive wonderfully, it it is absurd to strike , but I have seen forty- jotatoes, with the most t factor, but I have no ^f,^. ;,'. //. ;.'. /'• -i'"'' •I full S Uqort. 60 1 1 ■,,„!>. I, w li.wiMo^s (Mil s'Tir,'. in Manit'.l^a lit\nii-r ,„,i.at!on in ..vin. that r-.y "->-';;: ^^;::;';;;:;'^^i'uiVe:,;„rv, und uith on.-balf tho l:,h.,ur ,i Ki„ „f any crop that will -rou ^l'''' "'■;';. :''';,1,,,,, ^ndis oxcclKnt food for catll- .and .,,.1 expense. The natural -nuss is ^^''"''^'V', ^ , , .\; "verv dav. (Jnriouslv. tlie slic.p :,,„p. ^She.p.fav,.,in, is ^^^^Jl^^^'^l ^^^i^^^Z Manitoba ever' bein, a fruit .. uis to pivfer tho coarser parts of the ijr.iss. | '"" " ,, , jj j .„^v abundantly in a „„ntry ; 'strawberries, raspberries euvraias "'j; .,.f ' ^j ^v n.Hit ^ar-^it seemed a stru,',le . ild state ; and I Iv.ve seen m\ trees that '- '; ^^ "^^ 'J ^"^^ " A.-w. Melons, tomatoes, etc., ,ith them to hold their ground ; but peac les, K ; P'- ; ^^^^'l ^^^^ .' ,^ ;„ t^, „' ^ir. The.e I ,,„ be gnnvn. in u^v n->'t> .V- and ^I'^'^'^lSX^ ""^.^.l^ ,1^^^.. of all deseript on. ;;:i;!uS'l^:rdol!Sed ^y\.!: Ual:^ iol,!" the «ower-,araens in front of the Men.iou.t. I ii^es presented. .,.,.,„,. . . .. ,,,.(. .,f All. mst- i4 tho time for brsakiuK the prairie ; the .Tune and July, and, in a wet year, part '1 ^u !:•«[■- ■* *^° J . ,,^,.,j ,,,,,,„ turned up, and ..,„, is wull up in the ,rass, etc., >vhu.li w e «.!> l,^! J-\ ^ 7' , ™ j ,„,,a, the nv-re lightly the (hl. ground is wet, making easy ^'''^Ih "Hf- |hc, «-^ ' i„ ,.,„ ,Uumn or spring the furrows Wa.x ; the furrow ■.urned is about ^ \.'- '" ~ i„ the spring the s<..ed is sown, often ,n: backset, the plough turning about thrto inches , s 1. J Jy^,,,ru neglected. AMi-at is vlthont further ploughing, and havrowed u ^^ f ;^,;! ^; ^^oX^iU-r ; oat. till the end of .,wn from the mth of April to the j-^^h of Ma , he ^ ^^ Mav, and barley till the end of .lune. I 1^' ^^ "^fj; ' V;^,;' , j ;,eh, viz., two bushels. Harvest „f j'uly. The quantity of see(l p('r acre IS a 01^ he s,vn.o ^'^l > „ ^,,^ .^oth of dune, ,„ .ins in the middle of August ; potatoes, turnups «-tc., c.m ^..,,,„nK.r. The hay .ud fall ploughing, the great secret ^^r.---' «^ j^aZ ,a d.-llar a U.. by the time it is in harvest, in July, IS a simple atlair. ^ '^•" '*;,,, 7^,^,', ,,„t eva^pt as a makeshift the hrst year, the stack ; a crop can be raised -n. the ^""^ '"'»'; "a-he fanning implements are all .^f the it ought not to be <^'"^;tHe yH,l,l IS uret.,be K.r ihc^^^^^ v,.vv best (lescription, nu.de with a ^.ew to 1(3 sain,^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ j^^^, , ^^, ,, ,^ ;,„d a good te.an. can break or '"f , ^ J "'„ '7, ' utv With a selfbindiug reaping machine ,,,„g plough and four hor-.'s about ^'''''l'''^ * '^* ~^^^^^ ,,e cut, bound, and stocked in a day. ^tended by two stoekers, froni twelve ^;'/f^l'"f';;,^"" Manure is of no value, and is either I have seen these machines do r"''/ 'v^"'vL' ' : ^^ lake fue of it). It will be years befor.; burned or carted to the nearest nver(h(= ^^ ." """'i^^,;' ,Xay th.at ol.r highclass Knglish and ,„e land rcpiires it or indeed woij beai ■ ^^J^ J^^' * ^y,,,,,,,, „,„, it is proved, that care Scotch farming is at all ■''•'^;'^«".\f''\J'"\ f .,, ^ i„ Manitoba. I have, anunig my iJl'^^i^f ZSrirlA ^:J^^ ^t w,^ SSU that untH tl.ey came to Man.tob. th.;y never lived out of town. ^^ ^uKTtxn T;P to the present, an(I for somo^years t.J^ ^W i^ -£ ^'S S^ll^^S wl^S kinds of produce, owing to the lnflu^ of ^^"'^;•,, /"^J'l..^,,. 1 V to 2 dollars per bushel, ahuost pay in this c(,nntry : wheat uiout-.J-O^^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^ price is about 0 and I have been charged as high a« 1 '' ^r a u=n Timothy hay sells readily .onts ; potatoes as high as 40 cen s, and e ^O t'u g e se m 1 ^^^^^^^ ^,^^ ^ far 1.5 dollars per ton. Two s id ings a " f" J '^^^J^^^j.^ees Liverpool will be the market for l,ong before the country is settled enough t"!'^; ;[^ ,;>^'(^^'^^Xa ha( the pleasure of hearing that Ma,.it(,ba and the North-West. Since my '■•^'^ntvithT umber of I'.liglish capit.alists for the the Canadian Government have '"a'''j,"[a"f "'^"'^ ; ^^j^^^'^^;^"^^ finished within ten years onstruction of the Canadian l^a^l^V'Vtirnau"! To suppose that within three years at The line will be about 2800 "..Ics ong, s(. it is i atu a o^ ^^^_^ ^^^. ^,.^,,^^ ^^^,„,|, furthest between 800 and lOCO miles ..f it ^ i'^,*^;' V 7; *^ „' „^rketal>le distance of Liver- lines, which are abo under contract w, 1 '^PO" and b u tmn .^ ^,u ,„ taken up, 1„H,1 a tr,act of country that, no matter '7^^' '; 1 f >i ^^ ^'^J '^^^i^ ^ M^y 'of the present y.uir, the u„ch less cultivated, for the next f'-'-'^y^f'^^.'/^itheWn peg an(lHuds..n's Bay Company, (iovermnent granted a charter to a,co";panj, entitled thOV >^ » ^,^^ ^^^^ to Tort wlm want to open up the Hudson s Bay '''^ f '. ^f ^y^^^,^,,, 'nuide ..n the same principle asthe Nelson opened within six years. It is ^^'W' '~^^ *J^ ^^^'^'i^^^f^'threo months of the year. This Seeding Aeaniers, will be able to ;';'-^;f t"^^ ^^'^^^^.^st nearer o Liverpool than New York is, rr.ute will bring the great wheat helds of tl>« > ' '^'h \V t^ t nt ^1^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ s.aistied. I so that on the score of marK-ets for heir V'-'^f"7^\^'' "[^^^f^' .^^^r.un t^ Saskatchewan on the thh.k I am safe in s.aying that it will be 1" ^«l''°,^"£f ;.;,,,,, ,it to the farmer. And by the J,iverpool market for about 28s. per '^''^^'f''l''^^^^.a)Th^uv.r mi..ht almost sell his cnn to .\nieAcan storage system (our ^are V;■^.>.>S l^a 5^1^^^^;^ j;'^^^,^,t h s hom.^stead. By this I a bin er in Liver,M>ol while it was stil at tl'C= , > ^ "f^^ ^^ jt. 'fhere is an ele. ator at ,n,autllatabrokeMnLivevp.K,l^^^.|aKHee^lun.^^^^^ .^ .^ ^^^^^ ^,,,^ the iJiiioot every station for storing the coiU. \M.en "tmr wssasKBC" ,-752-!S'-j!-3,^"«s*rsr-.-r ->" ■5^;s??*-.''^'-j»r5s«feig!f * 70 Mr. n. ir. /;. /'. Amknoa's I?cj>ort. owner is fjivcn a docket showing the (,'Mile and number of bunholK, whicli docket is ncgotialjj anywhere. CATTLE, SHEEP, AND HORSKS thrive well, and in Bpitc of tho long winter, during which they must be houacd. StockraiHinp; ii {ound very profitaMe, hay can lie had in abundance, and cattle kec)i their condition well on it. 1 Hoe no reaHOR why they could not bo Bhipped to Enjrland from Manitoba when iho Canadinn Pacific Railway ia fiiuHhcd. At prcBcnt there are not many well-bred cattle or sheep In th" country, but the number is increaHiiig rapidly year by year. 1 made Hcarching inqiiiries regartl ing the danger of wpear-gi-ass to sheep, and found it was very nnieh exaggerated ; it is only to the careless or lazy farmer it presents any ditHculty ; it is by no means connnon, and in the distrirt* where it grows it can be rendered harmless by eating it down early, or by nmning a mowini,' machine over the patches of ground covered by it. I Iieard some comiilaints about the difficulty of keeping horsoH in Manitoba. In my opinion, and I judge by what I saw, it would be cntinly obviated by supplying plenty of good hay and oats. Horses cannot live on tho prairie gra; Mules are e.\tremoly good, some of them magnificent brutes, standing seventeen hands high ; thi y seemed to grow fat on the gi-ass, and are altogether hardier and more adapted to the coimtry in its present state (till more timothy and oats are grown) than the horse, but they are much dearrr, Oxen, however, are the mainstay of the farmer in cultivating his fann, i'- fact, in breaking tht prairie he could scarcely do without tliein — thoy are jMiwerful brutes, and i'or oxen, are wonder- fully active ; they cost nothing for keep, and also have the aflvantage of being cheaper tliim cither horses or nudes. An ox coatii aliout-£14, a hor . about J,2.'), and a mule about Jt!!.'. Good milch cows can be had for aljout X8 ; sheep, 12s. to los. each. I forgot to say that the ]% seems to be at home here, as everywhere else. I saw some prize BerkshircB, eighty miles frnm Winnipeg, that had been brought from Ontario, and seemed happy in their new ipiarters. Tho ordinary diseases to whicli stock are liable in Ireland are unknown in any part of Canada, nor ii there any, that I heard of, peculiar to the country. TREE CCLTCnE is comparatively easy. The soil must be dry, and in a state of thorough cultivation. Make th^ pits one-half deeper and wider than the roots require, and plant one inch higher than the old mark on tho stem, at a distance of about seven feet apart in evei'y direction. In making a plantation, if possible let a convex surface be presented to the prevailing wind, as tliis will greatly aid the growth. Keep the ground free from weeds and long grass among tho trees, and, as thi plantation rises, cut just enough to prevent the trees interfering with one another's growth. Spring, from 1st of April to 1st of June, is the time for planting. Two men ought to set abmit 200 trees a day. AVhen the ground is ready for them, let the plantation be fenced in and pro tected from prairie firvs, the natural enemy of forests in tlie North-West. It will be said. Where are trees to be had ? There are millions of yoimg plants in any of the belts of timbur growing along the rivcrbanks. Many species grow from cuttings, in particular tho cotton- wood tree. In planting cuttings, sink them deep, leaving but one or two buds above the ground. Other kinds grow very rapidly from seed, particularly tho soft maple, which I have seen 15 inches high nine mouths after the seed was sown ; and plant.-i but ten years old were from 8 to 10 focjt high, and (juite bushy. These are beautiful and useful trees. The seed is to be had in abundance. It ripens in June, and should "be sown at once, as if it dries it fails to grow. Perhaps I have been ton particular in giving these details, but I consider tree cultivation of the utmost importance. Nothing can ijieak more strongly fur the luxuriance of the natund grasses, and conse■ in a day. The snake fence is much used. I Mr. n. II. /I. /'. •'"■'' rrf'ili ^ li'iji'irl. n ch docket is np^'otlaKi ouscd. StockraiHinp; is r condition well on it. 1 i)bn whun iho Canadinn cuttle or sheep In th" irching inquiries regarel ;oratod ; it is only to the lion, and in the distrirtt r by running a mowini,' nints about the difficulty saw, it would be cntinly ive on tho prairie gra uutcen hands high ; thi y lapted to the country in ut they are much dearer, i'- fact, in breaking tin 111 ior oxen, are wonikr- ;e of being cheaper than and n mule about £l'.'\ forgot to say that tho jiig hires, eighty miles frnm heir new (juarters. The ly part of Canada, nor u h cultivation. Make th; higher than the old mark [n making a plantation, if this will greatly aid the ; tho trees, and, as thi 1 one another's growth. ) men ought to set abmit (in be fenced in and pro -West. It will be said, my of the belts of timbur n particular tho cotton- 1) buds above the grouml. lich I bave seen IS inches d were from 8 to 10 fecjt s to be had in abundance, row. nsider tree cultivation uf ixuriance of the natural that these great treek.-is !. It is well known th;it :ti\'e of barrenness of tho •e there m.iy be is evapn- ct upon tho tumperattiri', ho North-West re a g^ J.i'ft ovefh.ad, w.ll -thatched, the crevices hut put up-about IS by 22 feet "«''';• ;'',,7J' - . „,,„„t i;i5. Th.'se huts are warm and ,. in u^th brick-day, and nicely ."''*';^^'^^'^^^ "„,;.' u .Kar in Manitoba, on account ,„mf«rtable. Better-class houses '"•''•/.^ ' ^'^^^ , ',",,, Mn.ost auvwher.., and I believe i:!.£ ::S:l";;;::i:^...Kr'^r;;e i::;:^. z.^ >.. win..ipe, are ...., rapidiy replaced hy liandaomo brick structures. ^^ ^^^^^^ „ .1 . 1 „,.r- tl>.,t there is a L'ood suiiplv of water in anclgh- Tho settler mu.t, above all t'""^'"- '"»'^'; , '^^ "v.v.ft^ /there is mme but brackish water supply of delicious water to be hud by diggmg iiom lo v . ■»« FUEL. Timber is the principal fuel. '^-.^f-.,-.jxriSbiS.:tr;;:^»::S't::'- i::;rS,£" Th^'i ^■^o';r:.ff'^U oriltthJ Saskatchewan ktrict. which .iU r.nne into use on the completion of the railway. I.AHOtll. There are plenty of men to be had, but wages are lu^^^ per day during the spring and summer : ^ut £30 ^i tmmand almost as high wages as the men. laan by the year. Women serv-ants are 7"=«; '^ '^ ~;\"? by no means a bad plan. Culti- ^ '^""'"^- rilOVISIOKH, SrACHlNEllY, ETC. iiLikes very little difference to the Bettler. j^ . Ontario. And I believe, in spite ''••^?r£;riSSrhear tha. late^ :■ f ^ri^ Z ^2;:^'ri£?^: rSi: uS?:Kng advantage of them, which speaks well for the country. ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ These two may well go together, /o-n^^^^^^^^ roads and the present tracks over the prame h*;^^ —^""^^he beaten soil becomes as hard as weather they are uncommonly Pl«'^;»"\f°' *'*13 TAe traveller finds himself floundering nietal. but a single shovverchanges^thea^^^^^^ ,, North-West U in a mass of black, sticky mud. Ihis « » '•"^'^^^ draina-'e. so that the tracks are always in much higher and drier and ^^^'^f, '''"^'^^^.^Jriow^^^^^^^ but there is very little of it fair condition. Manitoba, on the other hand is^thu ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ that cannot be easily drau.ed ^"1*^' ,^tW?aU tLou"^ t^^ «™"*^y' «" ^^"^ ^*™'=' can easdy drainage works ; they are '"f'^\"S deep cut i^s alth.o^^^^ ^..nderful effect. Within the last manage the rest by surface J7'"}\g^.'S"\"^teen divided into municipal divi dons, and each SuTbrdnoCX^th? 1>J^^^^^^^^ of it« roads and other public works. SCHOOLS AND TAXES. cuuntry, and will I am sure, be kept so. PVRCHARK AND DIVISION OP LAND. The country is divided into belts, 5. 15, 20, and 50 miles wide on each side of the railway , t ~**:i»»j(^(ii£f»ii«r;'*- - 7a Mr. If. II n. I'. .l,((/-/M'/,'s n. '7' rf. thcHO l)cltH nrc ajraln (livulcil into town IiijH nf tf h.|umic iuIIim mchi tliiso Rcctions ftjini" nr'' divided into (|ii;irUr sictidTis of lUO lu iv- > ucli. Two ^L■l■tioM.~ in imlIi lown.^liij) iiiv •^ol iqpait for .-(•linnl jniriioiCH, and two lulont,' to tlio KimImius l!a.v Cojiiijaio. Tliu nectioiiH avo iniifoiinly niinibtTfd fnmj tho wuitli ciutirly to tlio iiorlliwiMturly au^di-, tiu- oilJuniuliured Kcctious in eaoli towiiHliii) avu railway lands, i.e., landn to he sold to icaliHt^ funds for tliu conHtructiou of tli ■ Canadian I'acilic llailway, and tht' uvon nnndH-rud hoctions am Kt-t ajmit for frcuhoiiicHtciwlH and jin-fniiition lands. Thu landi< are pi-icid aiconliny to thu licit in which they lio ; in othtT^wovd-, llirir dihtance from tho railway. In Uelt A, the railway jiricu is 'IOh. ; in B, 16s. ; in C, 12s. ; 1), 8h. ; and K, ■In. per aero, the pro iiiijition price in t^cnerally half thu railway price, tacli scttliT who Ih eitliLT the head of a family, or a male over t^ightceii year.-i of a.,'e, Ih untitled to It;') acres free, except for a fee of £2. lie iliiiht liave hid name entered for it at the nearest land iitlice, and innat reside on it for lln-eo years, and cidtivato it to a rtftsoiiaMe extent, according t" hi-i means. He is allowed two months, which is counted part of tho three ye.irs, after havinjf his name entered, for moving IiIh family on to tho land. He can also he absc-ir, from his homestead kIx months out of each year. A second quarter nuntion can be preempted, for which a feu of £2 has to be paid. No further payment is made till thu end of the third year, when fo;a-teuths nf the price is required, after which payments at the rate of one-tenth eaeh year for six years com- plete the purchase. Six per cent. inter( 4 is charged on the |iruem^tion mom?y. Emigrants are received in Manitoba by M,i,'ents »iieeially appoinle.l .'or thu purpose, who Will advise and yiiide the settlers tu the lands that may have been seleofjd by them. IN'MXT I'KSTS AND J'ltAIIlli; VUIV.H. I made particular inciuiriuH concerning the graHshoppers when in Canada, and found that when they do visit thu country vegetation simjily disiappears along their line of march. They have, however, only appeared live Jmes within the last sixty years, and tho settlers are confident lliat they have seen the hvst (jf them. One gentleman told me that they entered his drawing- room tliron"h the window and destroyed the lacu curtains in it. By cultivation the eggs uro destroyed, so thiit it is to bo hoped the country will see them no more. Moscpiitoes and black flies eauHO great annoyance, especially to the new-comer, d\iring the summer months ; bnt drain- age, thu great enemy of these pests, has been carried on to a great extent throughout tho country, so that it is likely they will become less troublesome ; they are not bnmd in the town.s, nor in the hi"h dry parts df tho country. I'rairie (ires ure becoming much less frerpient than formerly ; however, numHers of them still occur every fall, doing consider.ablo damage ; but it is only the careless or ovcr-confidont farmer who suffers, as the means of protection are simple and are withm the reach of all. The potato-bug has not yet ni.ado its appearance in Arunitoba, but they expect it to do so ; it pcldom attacks potatoes planted in now land ; tiiey are not much afraid of it, and it has lost half its terrors best to those who know it. . . CONCLl'SIOS, Two q-icstions I ^vaR constantly asking myself while in Canada ^vere : 1st. Why do the Canadian.s come to Ireland? If it be for the sake of scenery they are unwise, for, to use an ex- pression of their own, their scenery ' whips ours all to bits.' If it be for tho sake of comparison, that they may think more of their own country on their return, I can understand it. 2nd. \\ liy do tho Irish la-efcr hard work and misery at home to peace and plenty in that grand now world ? • I know that nuudiers of Irish do go to Oaiiada, and that numbera of them succeed also, but what I mean is, why that number is not quadrupled, and why men of a class to whom guccess would not bo a probability, but a certainty, i.':, men who understand their business, and have a little capital, do not go out there. I could, if sp.aee permitted, give instance after instance of ""en who left Ireland paupers and are now well off, many of them rich ; but is there need that I should do bo' Where is tho Irish family who has not some relative on the other side of the Atlantic, and that has not over and over again received that extremely pleasing proof of prosperity— a bank draft— from him ? But these drafts, I am sorry to say, are of tenor the fruit of work done for otheiM than for themselves, for i was struck by the fact that the Irish seldom ciuit the l.irge towns in which they have to work really hard frnr their wages, while they leave these rich lands to b, occupied by English, Scotch, and German faruKTs, who quickly become independent and h.;xpp' . This .should not%e so. If I am asked who ought to go to ]Manit(vba and the North-West, 1 my hesititimdy say, i'liy man who for any reason intends to emigrate to any place, and is not afrai.l of hard work and some discomfort for a few years, and whose family cav get on for a time with- out the aid of female servants. Such a man will, if ho has pluck, sacceed in time, though li ■ went without a penny, but if ho has £100 or £200 in his pocket, he may expect^ to cnj>.v a prosperous and happy home in the immediate future. Anyone who cannot ' rough it, or disl.kes iiaviii" hh face blotched n..w and then by mosquito-bites, any 'n.3 er-do-weel, or druiikard, had bcttei-'st.ay at home, or, for the benefit of humanity, drowii himself on the way out, as he has no chance of sueceetb'ng. _ ,. , u ti • • t I would have no one going to :(Iaiiituba too sanguine or expecting too much— tins la a grcit I ie!>e Kcctions aj^ain are i.-iliip aiv net iqiait fi'i ■iL'ctiimH nvo unifi)iui!y uniuliuri.'d scctiuiis in liu coiiHtniutiou <>( 111 ' IV frcuh"iMi'ntc-;Mls aiiil ev liu ; i" other WDVil:-, ii'n, 168. s ill f, 12s. ; liiilwivy price. Each a^'U: in untitled to lliO tliu m-'urest liiiulollici', dtnt, accorditif,' to his jc'iirs, after havinjf liis 'xr, from IiIm homesteml , for which a feu of £2 .r, when foia-tenths ii[ \-i:',\Y for Hix yearo com- noiiey. ' the purpose, who will thuiu. xnaila, and found thnt line of march. They 0 aettlers are confident ,' entered his drawing- inltivation the ep-fa are Mo8(piitoeH and Mack ler months ; lint drain- ,hrou>,'hout the country, in the town.s, nor in the reriuent than fonnorly ; ige ; l)ut it is only the ■u Kiniplo and are within nitoliii, liiit they expect b much afraid of it, and vere : Ist. Why do the invise, for, to u.so an ex- tho Bako of coniparison, lerstand it. 2nd. Why that grand new world ? • I) succeed also, but what to whom success would sinoss, and have a little ter instance of men who re need that I Bhould do ide of the Atlantic, and E of prosperity — a bank i fruit of work done for lorn fpiit the large towns B these rich lands to li.- independent and happ> . I the North-West, I on ' place, and is not afraid ' get ou for a time with- :eed in time, though li ■ I may expect to enji'V a not ' roiiLrh it,' or dislikes weel,' or dninkai-d, had lie way out, as ho has no 00 much— this k a great tUr. 11 //. n. r. A»Jrr:^.vi'.' nrj'oil. n i:s:::;:';ri"i':n;:"!;i;:;:"'s^«l:"^!f :>"'*■ -"«.■'- ■■'-.-' .'-,"1 r;'i||:;;;;;u'';i;;r/ii'i;.t;i'i;;2:«i.unv„,.v„i,,.H.ru-,.,,r,,i,.v;i SSlSSiMHS£=S:B£#r The soil, sumiundmys, even tU . '-I" ="-';; [^ W,Lsililo spend six o. ciylit months ii. tlic country, i„ the selection of a location A man Mould it "™ ";;;^;^"^' ^^ ■-, j,, ,^ n, )„. ,v.ll be ablo and go from place to phvce till he is sat.sUed. If ,;.';,;, ^, .'- f ,,„ , f/,,. .. ,„.,,>ih or ko ,,ia), one man nnght go out and '^^^^ "^,; ' \ N U L.ten ui.ed to work, will l.e disappointed. C'liLavio also. -v ..n, W . t vould be eniovalilc. SoTnoi.nocalla It th'- „i- tiu-ee friends to spend a hohday. ^..ukah.d and the favour will havj all tho , „,s;,;»;?t.!:s =:ris * "tii s!'ir:;, si l... ■. « « -' their country more prominenlly ''f 7'';,^^' l''^^ ^^C" ^a^ be o doubt that the former .ut- bein.^ fairlv stated-advantages and diawbaeUs jnere ca i ...nobles of the various Canadian nmnber the latter-and I cannot '^f P hmking th^t au ^^^ ^^.,_^_,j ^^,^,, . „ ,„„ v l;;:Srd X^i^er ■ '^ "Z :;:SaL" ^ ^-y> ^^- -"^ --'^ "^ -"^'^^^ "^ -^' a I'.ime there. fcjail»ji.'.. At. ■'-«t'?iBaiiP*=*C'"*:i** •^ Tin: Ri:rouT of Mit. w. i\ cLBiir, / Of Uad(Jii Abbcif, Nvrth Wuhhuia, Suij'ulk. I? Wiyo recently hft«l th(! i-li-aMiivo i>f visitiiv,' Cm\m\\ n\\<\ Mmiitubn unrlcr an invitation from tlr ' Ciinadinn Miiiistoi- of A«ii<;u!tiiro, I am aiUcd t.p wiito a roiMirt of my travels tliiouL?!) iii.rtion . of that gniat conntry. Kirit, I niav bi; alloH-ud l-rlitly to allinl.! to a ditHcnlty under whicli [ labour— tliat of liavinj,' been iirucuiluil by ho many practical and intelli^'ont wvn, whiHO report, and valuable Htatirttico, of thu previimi year havu taken so much ground from under ine ; and last, but not least, the exhaUHtivo report of the Itoyal Commi.^icmors, Mr. ,C. S. Read and Mr. Pell, Ml*. I will, notwithstanding', endeavour to render thirf an original document ; and, whiU notiiia from those who preceded me how 'jienoially pleasant was thu voyage across the Atlantic, I find none touched upon the incidents of it. i i i • I left the port of Liverpool on Thursday, SeptemV)er 10th, at kIx p.m., onboard the good Hlup Polijnemm of the Allan Lino. Wc had uOO'passungers of various nationalities — ( Jcrmans, French, Norwegians, Atnoricans, and Canadians, with many Irish, Em,diHh, ami Scotch, not forgettiiiu_ Professor lloffneyer and party from Capo Colony, and a i)asHenger from New Zealand. Th- Haloon passengers niunbercd about 150, and every berth was filled. Before coming on board, each one has a berth allotted to him, also a pluce at table, ami printed lists containing the name- of one's fellow-passongers are to ho obtained in the .saloon. The first dinner is a formal affair, but we soon iHjcome nnitually acquidnted. 1 may here state that the culinary arrangements are all that can bo desired. Kach n\eal is served with punctuality, and attended by an elKeieiit stall of stewards. The amusements are music (pi.anoforte), concerts, le.iding. whist, chess, draughts, and other games, with deck promonadini,' whenever the weather p;riiiit.ted. At nine a.m. on the 'i'th sighted IJell Isle at the entr.ince of the Culf of .St. Lawrence. \\ e approach within a short distance of the rocks, somewhat resembling tlie entrance to BridlingtoM Bay, on the coast of Yorkshire. These form the commencement of the Laurontian CJrcmp, runniii;; through the province of tjuelieo and Ontario to Lake .Superior, at various distances from the St. Lawrence and the lakes. We are now getting clear ol the ice, and running thirteen knots an hour in smooth water. In the evening our concert c.vn\i off, and, having two professcns of music and some good singers on board, it was a great success. Saturday morning at daylight we were in the midst of the (iidf, with no land in sight, but in the afternoon were running up the IJiver Ht. Lawrence, the shores of which were dotted with the white cottages of the French Canadians. At smidown we arriveil within a few miles of (Juebec, bu- destination. Tin; NKiniinoniHooD ov MoxTUE.vii. A special train awaited us, and we were qiuckly on our way to Montreal. We saw notldii,' of note till we reached the great Victoria Bridge, built by our Bobert Stephenson, over the St. Lawrence. We stayed the night at Montreal, and on the following morning Judge Cross, a resident of the city, and one of o\ir travelling companions from England, kindly sent his carriage to take myself and a brother-delegate from Irelaml to the summit of Mount Boyal, where we had a niagnificei-t viov,- of this fine cl';y and the majestic St. Lawrence, flowing through the country as far as the eve could reach. Wo continued our drive, visiting some of the adjacent farms, and were particularly struck with the natm-ally good cl.ay loams. The farming w.as far from being good ; but there was a notable exception in the case of a Scotch fanner, whose laud was clean, and who kept a good herd of Ayrshire cows, and had commenced the cultivation of roots. It was here we saw the dreaded Colorado beetle in its work of destruction ; but its ravages can now be hindered by the application of Paris green, with which the leaves are •ininkled. The home of this beetle is in thu United States rather than in Canada, and I did t hear cid waf luMiost e' Wen tiiirsqno Ihi' Secri "Urney H'r the The Ch! iiidrivin the stacl ii'iind. Wo I (nrthe 1 «•(• were «iiL;«rs) way. Tl ifiiduce iiy own jnythin and are. till livi thi'ir pii We illars It was It was all.'n b «ing SI liuring «l:ich ' almost iiqirisi returne tliroiigl I in Kn^ cattle, literal icmntr We i\ the niy nei agricul shillini west a faniilv 100 ac thi! wf wiiods ei'tcte^ Bays i dnu.S f the SI their s. >\\n h of mx I cimni porte uir, ail iuvitatimi from th" •avul-i tliiouLjh imrtinii < itHciilty under which [ it miiii, whiHO reports, I from luulur iii<: ; niid r. .0. S. Rsivd and Mr. document ; Mid, whilst Iji! across the Atlantic, onboard the Rood Hliip ie.s— Ocrinaiis, French, Scotch, not forgettinu n New Zealand. Th' ' fore coming on board, s contaiiiiii;i the nanie^ jr irt a formal affair, but ry arranjjeiiients are all lliy an t'IKcieiit Htatf of st, chesH, drauijhtrt, ami of .St. Lawrence. M'o jtitrauco to BridlincttoM irentian ({roup, rminiiiL; distances from the St. ininj;' thirteen knots an two professors of music iig at daylight we were e running up the IJivcr the French Canadians, ivere obliged to bring up destination. ^n■. ir. /'. Cnliin'.'^ Report, 75 V'i hear much of Its ravayvs in mv trav.t-. 'I'll.- more NtriUingcharactpristlc of thin nrighl.oiir. ,d was the apple.orcliardH, wliicli wtro exceedingly prtxiuitive, and th!-. remark applies to iiliiiost every farm in Canada. ori'AW.v. We next made our wav to Ottaw.i, tho capital of the Dominion, which Ih Hituated in a pic (mrsquo position on the banks of the Ottawa. On our anival we called upon Mr. .Tolin I.0WO, th.> Secretary of the Departm.iit of Agriculture, from whom wo received iiiu-ses for our intendod niirney to Ontario an>imd. TllK I>IMTI1ICT OK POnT llDl'K. Wo then went on to I'oit Hone, \\liere we were ue l, as arranged by Colonel Williami, M.l'. Mithi! East Durham County- a'true tvpe of an Duglish country gentl.;man. and a passenger ih thi' /'o?v»Mi((»— who had arranged to take us a trip acro.ss the Cavan district, for winch pnr|x>so «u weni provided with a pair-liorse ' democrat' (a light sort of waggonette carrying six or eight pas- siiiL'ers). We passed through .some good land, inspecting some of the farms and fannsteads on onr ivav. The soil is a friable loam, about :iO inches in depth, resting upon diHint(^gratc.l limestone. It ■duces excellent swedes, and grain of good .piality, and just the lan.l I should have Uked In >m own county ; but from years of close cropping and limited manuring, it is not productng inything like the cr.ips we aro in the habit of growing. These farms nin from 100 to 200 acres, anil are, in almost every ca.sc, the propi^rty of the occupiers. Some of the oldest st'tt'ers are till living, who commenced clearing the forest fifty or sixty years ago, with scarce a shiUnig In thiir pockets, and ate compur.'itively wealthy. ... ., lAnoort Wo called on one sturdy old Irishm.-vn eighty-three years of age, wh.i had saved over 100,U0() l,llar» (£20,000) and had commenced penniless. I could have fdled my notelxs.k with such cxses. It was not capital these e.irly pioneers then wanted, but strong arms and unflinching energy. It was perfectly marvellous to tra\ el through this country and see wh.-vt a vast area of forest hft-s (all,.n before the axes of these hardy sons of toil. 15ut the log-housn and rough shanty are now l.iiiL' supplanted by neat brick dwellings, surrounded by verandahs and other signs of rahnement. liuring the day, we lunched with Mr. tieorge Campbell of MiUbrook, then viewed his farm, «i,ch was clean and well cultivated. The few swedes that were grown wore good, indeed, almost all the Dominion of Canada is more or less favourable to the production of roots, yet It w un.rising how few are grown. Proceeding er. 1 ;\»\"^^f ^^^ 8..VS the wife, " with much anxiety the felling of the first tree, lest it might fall on my house (as do;... sometimes happen) and destroy it." In the course of years, the f'\""/;^'',^<='"'^'^^' *"^ the soil being rich these good people ultim.ately succeeded, and \'«"" '''« •";«* J'^*;^''^ their farm and are now living in comparative comfort upon tlie'^hard-earned savings The« s.,ns have also been placed on farms, and their daughters are settled in life. This is but one out of many similar ones. AGUICL'LTURAI. COLLEQK AND MOUEL FARM I started the following day with a buggy and pair of horses some twenty miles ocroRS cnmtrv to the town of Guelph, where I visited the Model Farm and Agricultural College sup- ported by the Government of the Province), at which young men receive a practical M weU ai '«•»#»*.- J 76 il/r. W. J'. CulAtf.f liej.url. scientific pdiication In farming at ft very trifling cost. I found both Mr. Milln (the presidi ii' »nil Mr. J'l'own (the manager) conrteous and Kcnsiblo men, well fitted for the positions th.v held. I was invited to go through the farm, .and to criticise freely, making any wiggfstii:' that I mii^ht think desirable. 1 saw fionio txcoUcnt o:itllo, CH]K'ci.ally a Hereford bull. 'J - sheei) were also remarkably good. The ro >ts were fairly planted, and good in size ; but nlthouji the niangtil seed was obtained from ine of our crack London set Ismen, the bulb.) wore :,\ various Bi)ecles, iiresenting a most irreguiar appearance. It was ?tir. Brown's opinion that ilie cultivation of both mau^tel .and swedes i.iight lie incuaf^ed to advantage throughout the jn. > vinces, and th.at thcie wi ula not be the liilficidty, ns had been represented to lae, of gottiii; tliem off brfore the advent of frof^; C'on.aderablo alterations and additions wcio being inuile to the Colli'ge Farm (for increased cattic anu slavp accommod.atiuu) whiuh, wlieu complttte, v.ill lender it one uf the must valuable iii^titutious of the Uumhiiun. ENDKJIOU.S nOOTS. I returned by rail to Toronto, which is .Mirronnded by districts of great fertility, particularh towards the westward. In the towiifaip of ^^arkham I p.assed some excellent land (clay Io:i,i which, with draining and cood farming, would grow first-rate crops of all dcr-cri] ions. . believe Mr. IJead wer.l over The same land, and was driven by the s.ame gentleman. Ml. lieniM, (■('i'd best farm or field of mots, but to individii:'.l .si)e;"imens, to grow which tndimiV .sp.iCL i'i allotted. The following weights wore reconled : — .''>ix long, reel mangel, 213 lb., c, of which v.'ns 54 lb. ; two mammoth S'luash (a kind of pnnn kin), ii;'G lb. The heaviest v, fi03 lb., and girth 8 ft. Six white rarp'N, taken from the regilar field-crop, weighed roUier-in-la\v to compete in any all-Engkuid ploughing mi.tches which mighi hencefoaii take p'acc, NI.\n.\nA FALLS. --rK.VClI AND APfLK FAIIMINO. On my ag.ain returning to Toroiito, I went to the I'alls of Niagara. They quite eqnalleci ii;y expectations. One i.i n il .iiniprised at the innneuso vob.une of water when the fact is kng with pure shorthorns. There were also many .'■■pjeimens of younger e.ittle of considera'i jueiit, but owing to the want of catalogues it wa,^, impo.---iible to obtain the names of the owi.,- and other desirable particular;;. >Ve saw a p.dr of beautii'ul cows, one bred by Cruiksiuinl; > Aberdeen (evidently of the Booth type), her companion a beautiful red (said to bo imported I the States) c.f the Bates tyj^e, and a capital milker. Later on, largo numbers of the polled Aii;;ii' arrived, and there were good specimens of Oanadiau-brcd Devons, they were of a larger A:.f than those of our home-breeding, and this .ajiplies generally to the cattle bred ir. the IJomini.iu I cannot afford to devote more space to this class, but must not onnt to say that I saw uothiu'.; i' suri>ass, or evei\ ecpial, the m.agnificont Ifi-reford bull thiit Mr. ]?rown .showed me at the Mi i! 1 '■'arm. The pigs were in large nmnbors, (pnto equal to the Engli.sh breeds. Indie,], uiy e ■: panion, Mr. Christy, of Limerick, thouglit tliem generally better, and 1 notictd tliiMU-)i Kit i country that the awine were cxcelleut. Itlr. W. P. C'u'ntt's Rfporl. 11 jtli Mr. Milln (the presidcii'* fitted for the positions tiny :oly, inal lUantities of peaches and ai-p; « ' Niagara where they are c\iiii- rhe trees are planted as in ;'ii ; i:8 jjer .acre. 1 was hi compaiiv Ijeach cultivation. n, where fanning stock, iinnk- B are of the lightest and nwi^t !ith the platform on which Hi y :lie knife being driven with"".: ts construction, but it seeni i gener.al use. I think our a;;.i- rhe cereals and root-crops v.\\i ;, of course, compare with tli' The llerefords, polled An , it many were imported aniin . lut this w'tia amply conipe'.is;\ '. 1 n>d a splendid white fi.i' • I'.iiminglia'.n or Londim. Tli 'e id.io' noted a s'.'oadid w' ' ; I, showing wlu'.t can be dor. : ' . if younger c.ittle of consideia! l-; obtain the names of the owi-.r^ iws, one bred by Cruiksliaid; "t iful red (said to bo imported I v rgo numbers of the polled Aii;;u; vons, they \vere of a larger i-i.^e Ili! cattle "bred h- the Uoiniuioii. Dinit to say that I saw nothing to IJrciwn .showed me at the Mn! 1 iglish brei'ds. Tndcfd, my C"im- ',v, and i uokiecd thr.ju-li )ai l. .; llv^'ilSSiirioJig 1~? -ertS;^- I also S.W many good carriage-horseB and ''"•^;;:^eare^ix.honndsinT,.-nt,l^ England. Some --^teen ..r twcnity s . t h s and^ a^ ^y^^. , ^^.^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^_^,, :j:;;nea2g'^?h::m t Ipllii^ri^^". this o„ a hard road. ?ound a grass-plat. Thre. of them 'keep the lead, and come in neck and »'«;cj^- ^ , ^^^ibition of their home- In the centi. of t le «l^S:^;-:£ ^l ' J 'kuJ^^ -dibits of the same class, but made wares and fabrics, llie latte '^^'\""^;' , „,,,,„trv as rear.' * her manufactures. At i, u.ust.ot be f,.rgo|^.. hat Canada IS iiga^n—^ ^.r rK.-.i a much better ami the .same time, I could not '-',■/;",";■ V ' "i,. i,,. to the advant.a-e of C.madians to apply thoir tPZS^:X:i!^:lSl^l"^>^^^^^ al^ricmturo ; but more .. this ;;ua i:!"d,;eb. will rcuudn so, the wint.. s uecessit..tiug their being housed. ■* ETTii.v-.ivr.iN.'MiY tivccy.m of noiifolk mkn ivi to. onto. T^efore leaving tho^hospitaUe c.y .. TV.int.^^^^ ^^^XJ^^I^I wS than idnety years ago 10 was H tan lna,mwll.c,H^^^^ y f;,unbolled in solitary well-nigh conceive it to be .. fairy t^^'" ^.^^^ ,*"^'' *'^=^\'^7^",^ s„'^neme, there ha. now rtream.^' ravel,- visited by ^^^•:^":^^^^^^:^'^'j^^,u:^ continent, with a popula- ari.sen one of the healthiest . and i"r-t h.UKl.s m e C'"'-'' "n^" ... , -^^ f„„„ ^ur own county, tion (including suburbs^ of over 80,000 fj"' JJ"^ y < ne us a.ic" in i rtienlar I cannot fail to :,nd some of them have risen to eminence and 7;^ "'; , /"^^ " '''^^^.'^e^ ,tl,er men besides Nelson mention, .bowing that even our quiet -"""'{ "f^'' f""V>,"j], [ft tie firm of Gooderham and noisessed with indomitable perseverance and couiage. 1 ^ »«*'' '^' , j Yo,k Kargers in Worts. The former was born at ^-'1^' ^'V'^Varin U e tS g of M rti^iqt and Uuaddonp... the A\ ,.st Indies, where his regiment t™';^ l"*;;^' ..V' .^ ,>,,;, education at a dam.-« school The latter was born in Great Yarmouth, =^"J ';««';^'\,P'^Y^ G™ dcrham retir. d from the ann; ; in the village of Stalhara. In the course of a ew >^^';^.;y V^~^^^^ „„ly lister, find'og and in the mcntime Mr. James Worts, ^^^ >'\ =^^,,XY^tceeded hf 18.^^^^ Canada, t<. select a little could b3 done in the old country ,7" ^J f^Jf, 1']' f,'^^^^^^^^^^ King t.,.., Toronto, home for both families. Arriving at .^u "• '« '"^J^K^i^'^';';^j.„,,,„to. and there commeueed Hamilton, Niagivrn, and various <,t;.p>ae, • ™«' > 'i';,\^i^^ Gooderham sailed from London, building a small windmill. The foil ,wuig year ^If-^^^.'. JT ;.,,„ ,^^^ „U 64 snol-. cmneeted " r nging with him his own, ^f-. W ,rr.s and ^^^'if'; ."'^^^^.''^'S'-:;, .'i^^ ■',."' ,,e. J'^inding the cither iry V,lood or .marriage, y ' -'"^' "V^'^ ;'^jS ^^ Mr Wo ts under tL lirm of (iood.rh:uu windnull nearly completed, Mr Ooode.h. ""''^^ ^ "^'j^^[; „„i then contained a population of and Worts, doing a retail bosiness w. Inn ;« f ^' Y,^,^/^! a^ a stupendous busine,. .. three or four thousand Inom this rat /■^/;"-l"j[!^^;^™^„heHe wonderful men i but suffle- it I regret that space will not allow '"'''';/"""'., "^-^^Y^o^'possess the largest distillery in the to sav that, after a time, tl'^Yf '"''"''''f ^ 'f ' " 'f' "^^^^^^^ : world. Tlielr active ^--"y^^'^.^"^^^^^^^ 20.o5o bushels of oats, 500,000 bushels of moize, 100,000 u"^"'-'' "'/y'l',, .V" „nn.iftl i.roduce of 31,500 acres of average and' 10 tons of hops ; in other words they absorb f ",,'*"X ^r^r odiyions, bel.ig 8000 ii.q.erial huid The production of the establishment is on a sea^ ^^ 1 [ ;'^.;^'"Xmt 2500 bullocks ar« gallons of s^nrit per d.,.y. To consume tlie rofus '^ 'J J. '".Messrs. Lumbers, Reeves, b?r?;:iiul;\h:tlS^Sa^'d^^^ ^-ers who have opened up the •^<^»aafi-'-*-wi-fisa^-^>Bj ,s.S* -e.JiL]l>>fj.« ' }'imi ■U^^-'^-^J^.--. -;'?«i!ti; 16 Mr. ir. P. Cubitt'a FeiM-t. cattle-trade with Kngland. In addition to this distillery refuse, each animal has a liberal supply of hay. Messrs. Gooderham and Worts are also largely engaged in banking, being the chief proprietors of the linnk of Toronto, one of the most flourishing monetary institutions of the countrj'. The Nipisriing Railway is also largely owned by them, with no inconsiderable benefit to both citizens and agiiculturists. Mr. Worts does not forget his native county, as many pic- tures in his mansion testify ; nor is he forgetful of our old I^nglish siH>rts, being himself master of the Toronto foxhounds. In connection with agriculture there are large maltings anfl breweries. One that I inspected is carried on by a company, mider the manr.gement of Mr. David Walker, proprietor of the Walker Hotel. Both the nialthouso and the bitiwery are splendid buildings, and their pale ale is scarcely surpassed by the Burton brewers ; nor ia this KiM'iirihing, when such fine-coloured and thin-skinned barley is produced in the .surrounding districts. THE LAKK.S. — THE Tn.\NSPOHT OF WIIK.VT AMI CATTI-E. I left Toronto by train to Samia, en route to Winnipeg, rid Lakes Huron and Superior, and had a splendid run of 800 miles. Towards the end of Lake Huron, the scenery is fine, especially »t the narrow channel separating the islands of Manitouliti niid Cockburn. We also passed a inimber of rocky islands, covered with dwarf pine, larch and fir. They rise abruptly from the lake, and are so close to each other as to afford but a narrow passage for vessels. Leaving Lake Huron we entered the river Sault St. Marie, (known as the Soo the pronunciation of Sault), dividing Canada from the States. Here are the rapids from Lake Superior, to avoid which we passed through a canal capable of floating vessels of considerable burthen ; the rif* of the locks being sixteen feet, bringing us to a level -..ith Lake Superior, After 200 or 300 miles' sailing, We reached Thunder Bay, the proposed terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which is to be the route for conveying grain and other produce from Manitoba and the North-West Territory, at li-ast till such time as the contemplated line on the north of Lake .Superior to Lake Nipissing l)e rHinpleted, the latter link being necessary to form a continuous line fitim the Atlantic to the Pacific. I may here state that when the line to Thunder Bay from Winnipeg is finished — in the year 18S2, according to the contract — it is the opinion of Mr. Joseph Hickson, the general manager of the Grank Trunk Kailway, 'also a large farmer an'i breeder, that wheat can be landed in London or Liverpool from Manitoba at from 32s. to 30s. per quarter, leaving a fair profit to both producer, merchant, and carrier. It is also the opinion of Mr. Hickson and others cou' i-rsant with the vi.ide, that a considerable profit has been realised upon cattle at the prices they have recently made in Englantl. I take the following figures presented to me from reliable nuthonties : BuUook at Chicago, 1200 lb. live weight, at 4 cents perib. (outside prica), 48 dollars; onn\eyance by rail t« sealward, 6 dollars ; conveyance to London or Liverpool, 25 dollars ; total, 79 dollar'-, equal to £16 9s. 2d. ; shrinkage and offal on 1200 lb., 440 lb. ; thus leaving a balance of T*"' U> , which at 7d. per lb. realises £22 3s. 4d., showing a profit (sinking the hide, etc.) of £5 1*. 2d., which compensates the importer for trouble, commission, and food, etc., during the vi-yage. In charging the cost of thv animal 4 cents per lb. live weight, I ought to stiit« that " cents is the more usual figure, sa\e for animals of the very primest quali.y, Froir rinoe Arthur landing we steamed to Duluth, a rough straggling town of some 2000 or 3000 inhabitants, whence a train takes us to Winnipeg ; the first portiim of the journey being of the most rugged description, after which we reached the Minnesota prairie, and travelled some OOO miles along a perfectly level surface. Portions of the land are being cultivated, but tens of thoUfionds of ac-es are yet uu;,roken. Concluding a run of 1200 miles by rail and about 800 by lake we were in the city of Winnipeg, contaii'i.ig about 12,000 inhabitants. It has some good shops and public buildings and the peL.plc seem to be driving a profitable trade. We took up our quarters at the Queen'o Hotei ; but the weather was wet and the country was not seen to advantage. For miles round Winnipeg and along the Hue of the Canadian Pacific it was, with few excLjitioiw, wet and «wampy, the season having been an exceptionally wet oie. The soil, kkowevei-, i» ivch, but will require thorough drainage before it can be successfull' cultivated in Mueh seasons. We drove out some twenty miles to Hea^ingley to look over a farLi of more than 2000 acres, belonging to the brothers Boyle, conveniently sito.aled on the banks if the Assini- boine and a stream called Sturgeon Creek, This firm has oponed an office at Winnipeg with the intention of looking after young men desirous of settling in the country. They will give them the benefit of their advice and experience, and thus jireveut their being victimised by land- shark', who have bought up large tracts of land oi> speculation in the hope of making fortunes at the expt.ise of the emigi-ants. Messrs. Boyle intend taking pupils, for whom they will pur- cliase land, end are open to act .is b"y"rs for other parties in England. Wt '"'d the pleasure of cio-ising the Atlanti' with Mr. Henry Boyle, on his way from New Zealand, ana t„n recommend the.'." 'uun;,' Ei,,,li.shnien to any requiring advice and assistance. Upon examination of their farm we found three f^et of rich black soil before touching solid clay, but it struck us that thorough drainage would improve it very much. On our return to Winnipliow of ^'niin and ve^otablis the day fnllMwiii;^. Thi; wheat wu saw was excuodiii'^ly fine, and is valued by millers far and near. Sumo of thi: swedes weighi'd over 22 lb. eacli, eabb.iges averaging \\ feet in circinnferenco, potatoes exeoudiii,.; ■Jib. each, and squash 1;)8 lb. There were also onions, carrots, parsnips, and other vegetables shown of considerable merit. .W .\l'iOl NT Ol' SlTllKUI.AXIi .S JOfitNKV IN' TlIK NOl;TH-\VKs.T. Tile ilay after wi' prepared for a journey of about 300 miles up the einmtry as far as Turtle Mountain, intendinj,' to return by way of Pembina Mountain. We provided o\uselves witli all necessary c.Tupini; ei|uipa;4e, includia;; guns fur duck and pr.tirie birds ; but finding the roads so l)ad and in places almost impassablo from tlie heavy rains —owing to the excepti!outitain<, proceeding northward as far as the Sa'ikatchewan River and then cast and south-east for a thousand miles to M.mitoba. The entire distance travelled in the Xorth-West Territory, and Manitoba was abouo 1000 miles. I left Toronto on tho 21st of June, and travelled by rail, rii'i Chica^'o and St. Paul, to U'.siuarck, in Dakota. This part of the jth stock-raising and agriculture ; but cert. '>iU ueh is not the character of that part of the territory through which I passed. When we reached the international boundary line (Canada), change for the better was at once obsurved. The water was mure abundant ai:d of better quality, the pasturage rich and plentiful, and instead of the short dry grass of the Montana plains, vetches of excellent quality became abundant. The valley of Slilk Kiver, which we forded soon after crossing the Ix)unilary line, struck me as a good location for stock-raising, at least in so far as pasLuragc and water are concerned ; but as there is an entire absence of timber, as there are no deep valleys, it probably wouM not afford the shelter lio>- stock which is desirable during the winter season. I have no doubt, however, that abundant shelter could bo found fiftj' or sixty miles westward, among the foothills of the Kocky Mountains. Experiment alone can prove whether agriculture can be successfully followed in this reifion. The chief drawback to stock-raising in the nearness of Milk River to the boundary line, and the coiis((|uent danger of raids by American Indians. ' As we procoedi'd northward there was a steail' improvement in the (piality of the soil, as sh(!wn by tho rich and luxuri3.nt vegetation, and this continued, with btit little iutei mission, all the way to the Xortli Saskatchewan, a distance from the boundary line of some 100 miles by the trail. In fact, throughout this entire region there is scarcely an ni-re that couhl not be utilised either for fanning or stock-raising. And even in those parts of the country where it would be necessary to house the stock during winter, hay is so abundant that a sufficient sujiply could be •ibtained at a trilling cost. ' After passing Fort McLeod (about .')00 miles in a direct line from the boimd.ary) our course lay parallel with tho Porcupine Hills, and a short distance to the east of the range. Here also we found magnificent stretches of rich prairie waiting for the plough ; and I ^-a." infcrmed on i;ood authority that between the Porcupine Hills and the Rocky MountaiuM there is a tract of country, say, speaking rouuhly, 60 to 100 miles in extent, which for stock-raising U un.iarpiv;oH. NVlc.lli.'r UiJ si'ii""" will nil i\n(l water are couccnioJ iiUiiil, 111 f.vtci;css{iil ngri- 11 iiini-c iiUractive loca- Mi(l!(i< ill f"i- IpiiiUIiiit,' mul fcncin- ynvy culture, rL'iu.iiii.s to bo Jici'ii ; but an U\v i o wil ' Ta ky . tl 0 IVnv, "ud on tho adjarcnt billn, thc.o . an iuexhanst.bo supP ,v " « in iulmediate proximity to the stream ; but at certain pon.ts wl>e re « e Icle 1 '^"C^ "^ ^^^ ^ '^^ and ]5attlcforri. Tu;: i-nosi-ECTs of clltiv.vtion in this tekritokt. 81 'I T further obtained much information from Donald A. Smith, E^q., formerly resident Governor of the Hud'on> Bav Company, and for several years one of the repre.,entat,ve« ^or M^n-toba - the Dominion Parliament. He says-' Manit)ba proper contams an area of about 9,000,000 acrerranableTr a^'ricultural purposes. The North-West Territory, in connection w.th Mam- toTa eKtendinVfronTthe Rocky Mountain, eastw.ard and from the international boundary on lu r.frin fiftv siv or fiftv-seven decrees n'.rth latitude, contains considerably over 100,000,000 aSerbyfarthflai^rpS^^^^^^^^ and other Krain! The northern portion, known a.s the Peace Kiver district, owing tothodepres- S ate pit of the Kockv kountains, is .piite equal in cH-ate to the more —ern pad These immense territories, in the course of a very tew years, will indoubtedly be under cltiv. tion as aTnain railwav is being constructod-with stneral branch li.ies-to connect the Canadian Smn of ai a s with the Pacific coast. When this arrangement >« '^"jnpl^'^' ^PJ^^^f '"^^ a'nount of wheat' and other grain will be exported. Even --'''-^Pf f.^Jf, ^ishe " Tl " provinces can already be grown at a cost not exceeding 10 cents, or Is. 8d. per tmsnel. ine SuauTyls very flir; and will make Buperior flour ; indeed, it i.s eagerly selected by the miUer. of the Western States." USEFUL ADVICE TO FRESH COLONISTS. Having thus given the opinion of men bo thoroughly and practically acquainted ^'ith tji«'; Jn^n^nsllw nces I venture to make a few remarks of my own on so im^x.itant a topic. \\ hilst XoXd'^g th:'nalu!^l Litiiity of the ..il of Manitoba a.id the NorthAVest territor,.^ I am constrl ined to say that it will not be possible to colonise them rapidly, especially by those who have lo" enjoyed the civilisation and comforts of England until thoy become «'™-^ 7^" jf J^ . railwav communication. The men to face such a country shou d be yunng and h«;>^);^^' ''"> amoj^^t ofT^hick and perseverance. Many such are aUeady there and ^^ ' "-V ^f ^^ , ^4^' fnfnre but I think there is misapprehension as to tlie capital required. It has been s.vul in.w ii mt. mi ah- y start upon a section of 160 acres with a capital of lo.s than £1.0. In "^,"1:™;'" muoh^nme tan that ainount will lie necessary. Shelter will bo required for lumself .and cattle, mucn inoit. in.ui V... u ^^ ^^^^ .^ _^ ^,,,^ beginning ; still, and also f<«J ' ^ '.e «' > •,, J^^^^^j ;, „,,^ ^, elsc-wherc. and the more one has the sooner he'w'li inake -nty. l' ' "1=" if a man start with about £20U0 he could purcha.se and bring f r ,.!tis fm vearTto come The straw .slvn.hl not be burned, as is now customary ; but st^icke l^ttH. little or nothin'^ back. The one system leads to ultimate poverty, the other to wealth. I resrlet to t e reeg"Snto lands and purchase of additional quantities, all particulars may be Sta ri fnnnthXvenmient agents, ^ut a word of caution ^^ -^^^IXTSIX:^ si:,-.' ~:r.a?.l;i-;:i:l,-iT- - .^ ~^« - -5 89 .V): r. P. Ci'ilft's /Report. iiccnimui'irlatidn nvc c^d. I o.iiiiii>t pii.^ fVuiii tliin snl)Ject without expies.siiif; my dbllnati'iiis to Mr. Dipiinldnii, Ihu iiimiigi\tliiin Huviit at 'rmoiito, niul Mr. iro«iii'ltr, tht; iigont lit Winiiiiiog, for tho kind asMstance thov rendered niu in the iiro.ieciition of my iiKniiriuR. My VL'luin was thnniiih a portion of the United Staten, niakinjr whort KtayH in the variouH towns through which the rail passes. AVhili' passini; throngh tlie St;ite of Minnesota, I noticed that tlie Mjlaioil was not .^o ^^ood as in Manitoba— .so lar an 1 conld Hoe from an exaniination I'f the outtinfl;» alonj{ the r.^ilwav — and I do not think tliin part of tliu States ko well adapted for wheat-growing as tlio Canadian Territory. Tlic a^'cnts of tho .Ameiican railway companies arc very energetic in their endeavour.s to .sell their lands, and do their utmo.st to divert settlers going to Canada ; but instead of listenin;_' to them, people should make their way to their destination and see the British lands for themselves. It is also said by Americans that lar^e numbers of Canadians are leaving their cipuntry and .settling' in tho States, but I did not find this to be the caNo. I passed by St. Paul's and Aiilwaukee, and stayed two days in Chicajjo, one of the most extraordinary business cities in the world. C'.\N.M1I.\N CnAH.\C'TEHISTlC"^ : IWRMKHH .\KU C'.UILK R.\IS1\.;, I:TC. I was not prej-.ared to ilnd it a country of .such an eu irnious area, v. Im. j ii.laud .s-oas Cc.uld easily swallow \ip tho British Isles. Tlic^-e v.'iiti.-rs abound with li-!i of vjaious kinwii eonip:ivatively j'ich. They were those who had, some tifty or sixty years .iljo, selected the richest lands from .among.st the forests, and by .ilmo.st superhuman Inbourand eeonomy n alised a compp'teuev. But i,'ooi.l es the soil may be, the coiiseeuti\ii cereal cropping must tell its tale. I'^verything taken off, .and nothing added to, will deteriorate the bet land in the world. To a great extent this h.as been the course pursueil throucfa a part of the Dominion. The younger nn u have more or less followed in the steps of their f.^tliers, .and the results need not be told — the farmers are not so well off n^ they might have been had they fanned in a different manner. Hence tho desire of so many to sell and go westward or elsewhere, and. liy tho way, no class of men are so calculated as these native Canadi.-ns to ,i[ien out a new country. Brought up fmui bovhood to habits of strict industry, hardy, athletic, and skilled im tho use of tools, but few JCuglishuien can compete with them. In telling my brother farmers that previously to the introduction of leapiuu" machines, it was not one Tn.tmion for some of the.se men to cradle (that is, to nunv with a long scythe with ii craille attach'-?! five acres of fair standing wheat between sunri.';e and .sunset, they may well exprp«> suriir>j. tc s.-emed at first incrcdililo to me, but I found hundreds could testify to the fa.rc. But hov. is it these industrious men are drifting into difficulties? It is from the continued .system 'f ;::rain cropping, .and the ab.seiiee of root cultiire, which would enable them to feed more cattle, =nd cnnvurt their strav.- into vabnble maiiure ; and whilst .so much good clay-loam aliounds — and intlicr land with a str.mj sub oil— why is it more land is not laid down to pejTiment pasture, tb-uts le.-^seuing tho est of tillage, ospocinlly as Labour Ls .so scarce and ti.-ar? SinLrle men are mn^tly employed as la'i.uirers, and they are boarded in tho farm- houses. If there wore more cr'ttages seinered throTigh the ajrricultr.ral districts as homes for married men, a resident peasantry might l.e estalj'ddvl, so much more reli.ible than this nonmdie labour, and recn]ierative -n-itlial. TIio fanners .s,ay, AVhat are we to do with men in winter? I say, with so much of thrjr Und s.i v,-ell adapt^'d for root-cultiue, they -hould go in for beef- raising by st,i!I-lVeding. I do not, ho-ws?ver, wish it to be understood that I am pas'^ing a sweeping condemnation upon all the Ontario farmers or farming. Far from it ; for I had the pleasure of visjtincrm.my farms e.=;p^'>ir'l!y on those rich soils we-t of Toronto, where agiicult'irists were quito »H->c t-i the neces-^itv of cattle-raising and feedin., .and are making great strides in that direntior.. Bnt these wer^^ not tho m-n dc:-ir^us of r.-^Ping their fn i m-,. It"i.: =crirc:lv nece,s?-iry fcr me to say th.it thi^-e rmiarks do not apjily to Mnnitob.a and the \orth-West Territory. VarmerR jjfiing into the iirtter proxinces, where the -il is virgin, nted not follow the nnwi.sp ••ystem pumied in tiie older parts of Canada, and there is no reason why they should not succeed, if they are 'lot afraid rf hard work, anri are pos>essed of sonu capilf.l. The filh^wing U a conversation T had in tli Toronto cittle-yard.s with Messrs. Franklin and Co., bntcl'ir''':, paelo-rs, .and cattle exporters to England. In lookin.g over the bullocks they were. pr-parin- ■ ■ shiimient, th"v iuforui' .1 me that during the pre\!'pus four weeks tliey had pur- I Mr. W. r. CithitCs llepnyl. 83 in.c,' my (iMinnti'iiis tn-e ; and whilst so much i it more land is not laid illy as labour is so scarce w'c boarded in the farm- ■al districts as homes f(>r reliable than this nomadic do with men in winter ? icy ;-hoidd .eo in for bcef- it'l am passing a sweeping for I had the pkas\ire of where ngiicultnrista wero ing great strides in that ,. It'i.: =c;>vc:ly necesf-iry ie North-West Territory. L'd not follow the unwise IV they bhould not .succeed, with ^lessrs. Franklin andl )ver the bullocks they were four weeks tiiev had pur- They were bought by the owners ni "^ /^*" ^''^.^^ f , ;;";;,t,,n ,,art of Ontario can he .levoted to f,n„. £13 to £l.i per head. Much of the f" ;, ^^, "^',,;, ...led in the counties.of Wellington, . grazing purposes. Tl.M^n-l-H-^- < -^^J ;:^ ^j.;^':;,;,^ They agrevd with ine (iuelph, Klora, T-ergus, .alt, ^^ •'''"V '.^ ' ' " „f /i,„^,,,,i ,.,^Ue, both on lh<. grass and .u the folds, that if cattle were M.ppl';-'! "'■th '^^^^ 'n^ " ^.^^ . j .".";; tj, ...st b. borne in n.ind th .t the ex,.ort it would be protital.l.. \^ ^^ ^''""''-J^X onl v itho , ul hea.l had been shipped to ( Ireat Uritain „..de is only of recent date. | [v^; >^^^-'^ V''£: ^ , New York ; but the outrageous duty of Our markets preM..u..iy had I'f-". )'' ^^''>;,' , . , 'r,ve stock, au.l their own inereasin,^ supplies 20 per cent, laid u.-n us by the Ameiicns tm an ' ,,,,.,.ivfd no encouragement. But l,,clented the trade proving v.ry 7:"':* '^^ ,;; '^''t, :^ ",; ^^I^t has been rapid, ann their « ;'^, •,;;^^ i^^.^'^I ^ „, f„,,iish information of such an Agricultural C'omnu.s.,ion, ^vh.ch nmII o '^^^ .'^^ ' ."; " ,^ .-J.^.^t.,.,,,,,,,,,! animals in Canada, and a character tl. -t must result lu J^.^-'-t',':^;^^ ' f,,^,,,^,;,, he second to none in the worhl.' It with strict atl.mtie.u and more l.l.erahty "\f'=^;' "\^', "^''V , ;, ",^0 fact that raiding more cattle will thus be se«n that Messrs. I' ••;'''\'\" :;^''"^"J,,.7,, L^^ they wish to improve must henceforth b,3 the paiamonnt object of Canadian '=^ "^ ' ^ ;^ ,; ^^^ ,„i, „{ ,vhicU U:.ir position. It is larnentable th.at m X^:^::^^^^^:^^ be anxious to dispose is equal to anything on this side . f the A Ua <. ^^ \"> , f,,^ increa.scd outlay. If <,f their land which, with nmre l''"'^ *'^'^^'",^ ' /^ ,^"''J " ^5 fj,, v farming. With good roots, the necessary ca,,ital can ^-''l^ ;'^""'' ^^ ' Tl^i^t iu»^o^^ county at such abundant hav, cheap cr-rn -^."'^ 'i"^f '^■^\'-/ u. d atnom a pd^ and bran, which possesses so reasonable rates, with miller's olfal to 'f;;'*^^"' /f ~'^;,':.\:°tone, there can be no excuse for many nutritive ])roperties, selling at le. s uem . . v.,,AUh. land were cultiv.atod upon so farmers not keeping more stock upon lie.r fa lus " f i^j^^''^^^;";, '7^an with 100 acres in penurious a lu-inciplo general Yf;':^f^Z^£.S^C^£iS-^^'-^, «!-" ^^^^^ "' -'^'<=1' lillage wm.l.l be expected t.> s ".b-fc- 1 f^' ' '"^'^t ,,„\';\., tT) upon artificial feeding. It is not he would spend some £. < r ^J };;'^^:^^^^^^^ hou d be for sale in Ontario, and now snrpri^iug that with such '"•"^•"■^"^.^.''."'^^^Vr" which cost the e.arly pioneer little or nothmg. olieriug at prices raugtug from £10 .0 ilo [iOi ^"'j' ) ^^^" . . 'J^^, prospects would scorn In favoure.1 localities it m ght F-'^^n'^ o..un.a d u.h^' .>t , bu p e.ent p ^l^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ to denote a further n.luction. I\7-;> l^,^,f ^^ VL in t raffirmativo, provided that two or thi^o .neeuhition for ^f^^^^^.^^^^^^l^^^^^^'^-^^^-^ ' -ted at from two to five occupations could be laid toyethu. in i. iu,i u., . ,,„or-rato. From Is. to 2s. per acre dollars per acre, but they are "<;•' ^- ^ 'f ^ Cnctedvih ho question of tithes is the fact would cover e;ducat,ional_and "^^f^^^ F Xd b.dld churches (many F.pisco- that poor as Canada is in '^<™1'"''-"" '^'t^,,,;'" ■';'„;.,"" through any of her country on board the Allan steamship SanUman on Saturday, Octoba .)th. TiiK nrrruN' voyace. among.st whom were Sir Hugh Ali.in.tlie pi null ai lyj; ^nnie Alarr.herson of the Iteformed National Church. Another of ^'^^^^^^J^^J]^^^^^ „, j,,,t ^at Spitaltields, Loudon, who intereste Grand Trunk Ralwayfnn. I'oiat Levi, vhl Kichmon.l and Sherbrooke, the last namedtown being «h™c.iiUl of \he Townships, and situated at the junction of the railways running eastward throrh the new Kettlen.enls of Scolstown and I^ke Meganic and sonth-east to the United States throniih the older settlements of Compton, T.aton, htanstedd, etc., etc. Goverm:.ent land in the E,v.stern Townships is to bo had at 00 cents jK-r acre I' '-" J-" forest • and in many socti.uis the roads are few, and bad and far between. I could not le •ormenranreini 'rant from Scotland to go in for these lands. Better buy a partially improved ^t Such Zy be had in any district at little more than the GO cents per acre, ,./».. actual cos •f imnroveSs effected. Of such improvements the first is that of road making, the cost of ^Weh s law Sn all adjoining lands in the form of a tax. But the most important of cm.rHe. rthocuttingdownand burning of the timber, or of such portion of it as "'^ ""» be wortl, ^vL Unless in unfavourably situated localities, I believe it pays to market all the cedar, Tie and sp uce hat may be upon these lauds, and perhaps one or two varieties besides these &! Kther wood (and that will be the great bulk of forest in most cases) « fit or nothing but rSmes. If near a large town, however, such as Sherbrool.e, portions o ^l^<^-ir;^^^l wood may be sold at fairly remunerative rates as firewood. In fact, m a ^'''^y '="'';,V"*^'' ' xmdmvUnd any industrious man may make 2 dollars 3 cents per day of e ear proht at th'^ wik; and i he employ men be,sides himself his profits may, of course, be relatively increased. Bnt rough ^rteit l3 in such favoured localities cannot be purchased under «;^^»-« ,-"--;; ^ *,^^^; abouts The cost of cutting and burning the wood, so as to leave the land ht for r'""S'""f • ^"^ , ^;^ .omewhat aifoordin"- to circumstances, but I believe may be set down g.n.ral ly at about 15 dolhus pe^^re Of c..w...v.r. ■^VV^V. t- improve soiuewluvt from tl.o moment Quebec .« le t Ik nlno liiiiuowbat more u.'vtLii.iivflv' iliiiroil. , ,. ■ i ..t ,„ ti, .t .,f •iVavJiliiii! wclward from Woulual, wo l.'av« tho i.r..vii>co ..f Quel>eo uu.i enUn- that of Oiilario. '^r: a.^>u^ at OUaw. I ...n.., |.. lea.. U>. in^^^eU'^of OntaHo ^to ,^^^-;,^-- ;::;;; Ciutia ; MY. lUodenek ami m\sell jirou ! Uiiv at ouce to Mauitolia. On my icturn journoy, l=lipsiliiliiil smsmmmmssm t a„ iL ii.i 11.0 1,..,» ..( 11.. t.„,...«.>. ..( ;)..i»i.. »i;i-'"; ;;, " ' /S' ^,^;'i, , .iun-i ;;rc;il:;:;tr^s;;;:;::,'5.S£;:;r:'CK;.^";i/Ki:;;vM» yce liow their -ri.eral prosjiecls can bo satisfae'.ory. -. . ■ n„.,.i,.vear-oia ox cannot bn ^vherc con.ideral>le los.scs are m. inevitable. 'J ho VV^^:'^^ M^rn etSr A'S thin ho luu a di.sa.lvantayo of il 1 per head as compare.l with \m ^:^'^^.^"'^^^;,^^fXU : thi. would (1) a lower rent to tho extent of about iJ per acre m tho ca>,o f" ' •'^;' fS;;^^^^^^^^^^ t,,„ ,.^t ^t come to XO. ,ir .ay i7, of the eost ot rulMMg a Ihreo-yoar-o d ni '^J ^ >'';/„ t^^^^,, h.^« i^ pvoducin, fodder and other feed is nearly a. u^. as a^t lorn o^ but ( - ^^ j,:,,4ish«,»n a .malL prolit, and if he h.d disease to -"tend w^h ho c, U n do ^- ,,,JV^Vdistinctlv.less really preearions conHiderat.on, 1 venture to nay f'^^ c. U e .a . ^^ j_|^^^^_ l.r.-li al,lo ooeupati,.u in Ontario than in J.njand, u tl u.^. o ^^ ■ti" n in Kmdand ; and In- ore, how land' is to maintain its i.reseut vah.e .n \>"'^^"'Xy.^^'^S;^Z.^^^^d thore will deed, if they como to have ealtlo lii^oa^^es to couLend with, tho fad m tile value bo by so nu.ch the .a^oater than with ourselves ^,^ „f tho In point of fact, I KU.pect that Ma mt-i -a and tic \'' ,;;',.; ,,i ..f {,,,,,, ,jr,,duce at Ontarians themselves are emiKratin^O wi drive elovvn he f "^ f J;"^:;^'' ..^/^ tliero would be • least u. seriously in Ontario as in 0 real irita.n, so th.>t ^^ '^> ^ \ t'eu rent prices of land in any advantage in emigrating to that part of Canada. O c ; ^ >' ' .'J- <;''^ , ^,^^,„ i ^„„id Ontario be further re.luced, w tliout any corraspondmg [^ ' ^^^^ ,,!;' ^o, ,io' seems as un- believo in emigration to Ontario ; bu , for he l^'^'r-f • ' . "vasi v' facilities of transport willing as the Knglish landlord to v , d to the '^^ ,^^1 , r';^^;' j^ '':^'" ^^.J^ „f available g^in have practically aUded the vast fertile plains of tho -' ;\_';;;,;\^"4,,,i;.,i tlie demand that and c'lttlo producing land, thus rendering that suppl> ho > "^'' \^,^ '^^ .^.j, l,riees must conio down and down with every "-'--;''•; ;;;'j>J,t' ianada and the United The only way to stop ih.s decline would be o f « / ^ ^-"f ^^ , ,,,i ,,vo„t settlers thereon States to place such a puce on tlu.r u..pe,.,.led l^' >' '"^ ''^ '' y, i/,„„ ^„ there is «o price from producing more cheaplytl.au ll'^* >''''" '^'''f '"^^' ";;';: ;,ii,„; .t olforod to all man- l,ut upon these va.t and most fertile reg,ons-so '-'"^ ^;,^^'-,>,; '' ' j'.?, ,i,li ^nd elsewhore, bo kind jor/,o(/- ->.'/--«" 1"".^. I«»y,nni..t the value ot '•'"^'•/ "'!/',„',,, ^,^, ^ost of transporta- go<-en.ed strictly by the cost of production in t— '-^ ^^ ;"" ^^ Xso expenses of trans- tion to Ontario, or Knglan.l, ov el,..ewlie.v, as the case " l'^,^^^;, .;;:;; .'^^.^^......u/and with every portation must necessarily decrease with every new no ^^^^" 'j^ii^^^^ther Cana.la or tho new invention in the locomotive powers, and as there is no V l^^:^ f > \ ^^ ^^ ,^,,,,„n that States altering the present policy with respect to «"^y"k^ to mtones, t sia ^^^ ^^^^^^ the value of land cannot fail to decliue to that l''''''\ ^'^'^^''T ', J^f.rtlyVpud to rout plus production in the nov,- country plus transportation to *' *• ^^^^ • " ;; t^, ^And if wo assume cost of production in tho old country There is no '^•■'_'^ ^l^*^. ''" " ^li'^j^^'^i.iativcly pretty much that the coit of production iu the old aud tko new couutrioi may iviuam ieia«v j v j their fuviiis as tliobO Tmiilt Uivilway, wu hi) hamU i>f l''n)iioh inieiit Qiii-'liec in left dually buUtir, ami it 1 and cnUn- th^it of ) Ml tsi-H. ^a.iM ttiul my icturii jin\rm)y, ;li"!i U ii"t siillicient wliich ai!t!mtic,*..i» '"»'; "»>■ ■««■ '"';;;; ';',,i;".ir;":';':,i' '"';"'':" ,;!.";:; |,1..«. I W....1.I .Link U.c tli... (,.. r..r .." ;' " " '"S.L" "1 , S' r«. .li. .vu. Ui" !,. ll.ll o( Se..lla...l, ..r «v«n 1.. tl..ii .•! l...:il.....l l.."l...W>- l"' '"> """ "' A.t.. tl.. l..i..i .1 i. >uj .....;■!. 1.1..; ".'_'""" „';"'., ... tl... .".» i.. "I.i'l. It i> ''™>'J' s. the. i, iiHi. .... i«iki..s .i-..t 1 1... .. ...1.. ■•;;'':,, ; t, , .i...:..iiv. n .i...vti.i..s theashasand scraping tho lantl with <» ^ 1^'>"''^^' "^^^yf^l^^''^ ■;'''' V^H^ffUo tin.Lr is of per acre the first year, the Soil l-ein. well manured .^^ th^.,,=^: ^^ ;„ Cin 'h Q.iick.ut gets course reserved for fencing. H"^ '^y-^^^- f'^'""' i" ''> ''" ^'"- ' "^''V \ ,1; , ' ,.,„.^i|. for Lottinu' tuU 0 u , by mice in >yintu.. and sUid^.t fencn^ is cx,....ve ,,w>,,K ^^ ^ , "^ ;;„;"I,|j';{,;::^ the posts in very deep ,sa,v ihi'.e fc.: , .so as to l"^^^"t/7^' , ":- ,,i" ^„,, f,,,,;,,,.. „„ ,,,,„, in sets in. Dairy strck pays pre Uy well : can draw '''^'^ ,;'■'"■' .j^' ^ ^^^;, ,^, i^admitted on ■-^si;;;"K;3ir^tir,;;-.f f ;ss ri *^^ fairly proliuUe, specially f^.it..vo^unK ;.^^heat JV ,,,., .f^a and libe'ial licro, even if of bloh quality othenv .e^ Ih- ^f:^^^'::^^!^^ its ownei-. a:„l ^x^:^v;:^^-Jr^i^:^^^^ r -rf 'SS^iho t-. own^abour bem. thrown in ^vainst the board iind lo.luin- of '"'"'^'^^■'^"'V':;'"^,^' , fj,, 's byres at Toronto, where 27//..SV,,<.m/,r..-Went throu;,ii '-i, '';V.\1'*''\1' '"7", ^""j'" ,,„,;: co ,nnenein.4 alnmt tho about 4000 bun..ck.s are fed on d.^t.devv .lop for ^2^}^^y-,'^^^^^:^^,,,^rm[^ ],t November. The .bip i. (o.ced Unou.h 1"1'- ^7'";^;'"^^^^ l^r U J a^m This with a oft, and is run riyht into the cattle Iroudis, "^/fS .^^ 'Lntli: d oi.r Vnen attex.d to 510 little hay, is the only lood they ^et. \\ '1' the facilities >°''",'^-;;;,\,^ Liverpool to make the cattle. I learned that the.o cattle mns clear Oo.. l'^"^ ,7 • ". 3 '" , f^j, , xX. trade nay though if there -^'-/^-/""t';^,'':^ "''^^^i^tost are^ho^ hich have been grass r.d"::::^\he;;":!S'j^\S::;^:!t£:';j;:tSoJi!ji::^ as they would be wft, and would lo^o f^eriously on thov.ivi'ye. I am told good store stock i.. ^M\^^^, rather scarce "' taua-.a now . „^,^ mh S,:,ta,J.r.-^t an _ intelli^eul lainicr fri.u l^^^:''^^^^^ I ^ell as many -rttin.v very i-xarcc there, owin.!- to the em.giation to J^-" -'tob.'. 1 '""'•''", ; ... ....eratro for a othenrvvitl^yhoiB I have cuversod, inclines to na,t.e OO dc^.vs V-^J^ ^ ^.Je'.^L To b-ood farm iu Ont.iio, if without any special ud^antat;e, such .ib pioximit, to u. MKh a f,u. 1 .toeu It wouM ,.^.j>iv n.t - ^S;^:---;^ -;;;;:;;Kii tu^S'l. J^ re. nire-l n.o.vly t.. rent ftn.l sto.k a .mil.v, '> '' 7'';' , ' ; i'; '^ „i ,,iti, „„ bott.T pHvpfotH n( griator over a t.rn> nf y..:uH pr..l>a My '^ «''': ,;'' 'r^vo . wh 'imi; "^ lu.wovoi'. dockleaiy •ciin,' o„t to „;lvaMta,o ThV"';; 'f ,: w th 1 W h^ ui- 'nt cr.pit'vl to carry .m tluir fewer in Outariotl.an at homo; «o t lat '' ' ' , /, ,'^, ''^ , f, .^ thr,.. IrnVmasonn, h.icI. as (Ir.at business, and unable on that a..;oMnt to „t: n.l ''' 'o) "' ,," ,,i„i,,,ltv in Ontario for a llfr Britain i. oocasionMly viMtcd vvuh. "I'f ^r^;^:'^^, ,,^^ V "^n, 'it of tl>o calling in tl,at tin«o. which, so far i. a (^""'I'^'V'^ 'l' '' a ;,^' a , ( o h 'r^^ c'"'l''»o.l with a.ricul- r^-Lt£t:r;\;"u:tr-S:^..S);:;.n"^ -i,sr:;rtfft,!:fr-£c^^^^^^^ man who«o pleasure in tho occupal.on is n. asv u 1 ^ '>,':,, ;;'',Xip are prefcraUle to OnUuio to think m«l.Ul, jr .*.v.3«ntl, of '" r" "'' ■' 'J° , ™ S,;^ t„ll.,™ whl.l, tl.- o„J:..^;,f^s,,",?;ff.»3tr.4E ™J.;-i weU-f.rrmed land in Ontario w,ll i;™'"^,";,^: .;•: £^^^^^ 35... «o that the rent England, from, nay Toronto, wil, under or IM ^^^^^^^ ^^ ,^^ ^,^,. of the land ought to be S.h. les.s nr Ontaun ha n ^"^ " » '• ,„^^ „f ,a.,ut «ix acre. MAMTOIIA AND THE NORTH-WKST. The imnrense territory indicated by these titles i. of , Jo "-J-';^;j;;2;:dowi;'::!; '^'iSv „re barren and worthless-vast tracts '^'-^^^^y^^^' ,tft "ve v li no p'eoe of lan,l nun- to any particular h.cality, it wil bo found, ju t as ■ -'™;^;J; ';;\ " .;^,;. ,• i,t ,, to be found in i.e alnni,side a very middliu, p,eco ^^^^ ^^^t^; ;;" ^^^^i i^rmd the .oil much thinner very fr.Miuent cont.gu.ty. So al.o ^ ° s.ai^^e h ,c . . j ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^,^ ^^,„ at one place thatj at another ^^' ' ' ^';^^ "' , . ;';^ , '.naterially affect the agricultural pi<,- necessarily varieties of clm.ate, which ^^ =""', ^ . w"''e therefore, it is not safe to indnl-.^ perties of the h>caUties.n which hey™ ^^^ ^;\ U 1 ot u" hand it is beyond the bounds n general statements regarding Un. 1 ^" 't^^ > • „;," ' '," ,1"' ^e will tliorefore attempt to treat of l!racticability for us *" t-^U, .-f everv <^a^. y ^ .^ „ot neccs'sary to d" of a small part only ; and, indeed toi all P'^;"''"' P " .,, ,,„t„i'allv settle either aniong:^t thofe unytWng more. th>ui t^t, - -.giants g^^^^^^^^^ ^,i„,,,, ^,,,,,,,^,, Uio.e X'f°ttStth:\^t dre.:!; ::SeS, and a little way beyond. This will not carry us -CK^Sv:ft:Kij^|n..egis..^ looking Htiiff, but ^f'-^^y^^^'^/'^^::]^^^^::;!^:^^ to the ext!^en.^ly level £::!j^-l.?n^::aiS: "l fS ^SS SiSh^tS dl^U. wiU not do at all e.ents, both because tl;at the ce=t of liviu? is clK-apcv tlvin ni F.ii J'li.l. i: J ^v%*, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 I us 112.0 1.8 U il.6 /." Photographic Sciences Coiporation •y ^ \ «■ 23 WEST MAN STREET WEBSTER, I^.Y. 14530 (716) 875 '^03 iP <> V** ^^%. '^O ;\ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian institute for Historicai IVIicroreproductions / institu' Canadian de microreproductions historiques ■■T;yy%.j;'^jV. "P^v"^ "'"^""'■' Mr. VtUr Lnrlcs tlop^rt. »» .f there l.ein« too IRHo fall, and b.ea..e "J "j-^^^^ ^Sf ' S^SiS^:" the tiles could be ^ut, and would 1 .e_ certain to_ ^ stmb th m ser. .. si> . ^, j-\, ,,,,. o„, ernment. drainage is the only kind P^-'f ^^'f '• -"' Jd- zerSct a^ S^^"^ to'the rivers, and to The plan of th» Government w to cut K°"'l"'^'^„^',,f '\,,v,cdi furrows, or shallow open drains, let the settlers drain their ■;"d><, "f ' 1^ ' t^, "ofXa nte tr it has been found that once a fortunately the sod » well ;"''-i^to th s .oit of dia a ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ .litch is cut and .et running, it /^"^^ »» ^^^'^fj^^yhe will no doubt become small rivers. These and wider, so that in time these ^"^'?\»";^"* '^';?,,,^' of tax .t^on. If the Red lUver A^alley land .litehes will of course require o be I'^^ » Jy \"^h ^ no d m . " would pay t,> do it even ju«t can be drained at «">\'""=; ^'^^i,;', "^ bes lea 1 nd^ the Americin'c.mtinent. In any r:: \i ^^^^^^^^^-{j^z^ ti^^ttt; t:^y^^p:nditr!i^t SSiithif^X— ^e^^Sr Si^ff^Sod ^^^ dry a>^l r..l d the plough in tlie immediate neighbourhood. Manitoba, all I can s.iy is that As for the naturally 'H]*:,!'^",?,,";^^^? iSclV t prlldLes do n,>t, it is true, show such an there is nothing like it. ihe ^>'^^'^;^* "."P^,) ,"' „j . , „t tu.it is not the fault of the land. I tionally late and wet seeding-time. But ^^^ .r'^^" y. X a' ,„,,j. .^.heat-yield of dry land in is strong enough. Ponlar Toint to Portajje la Prairie, or, say, There is a large tract of generally dry land ^^^^^^\^^^^\^,^,^^^ „{ that city. I would almost that, or even les3. Phis di.stiict '^. 'J''^^^'^'^y P" '?"„ i„„j,i/,,^,,,e so that it may not suit eraigrante Of course there is no ^'•'^"-S"^"^^; ,oo „wa^^^^^^^ I incline to think it is worthy of small means ; but, for men with ±.1000 or "1" ;^« ';," .^'^P"; '' y j^^ i^^ ^ore v.-vluable than of attention. Its better situation and its l»f ^^'^'•,: " f y ~ efsitv , rocuraW hereabouts. As a the lands of the Far West. Wood and water ^^ V^';'' P'^"f,„''^'^'^ Y^' "i^';^^^^ at 2s. per bushel result of a good deal of inquiry I ^^'^^J^'^' ^^^^l^fm^y^^^^ become practicable to ks "^tXSSd-Ssh:;: 'X:::p:p^^r^ ..h .et agom. it is ^.. to see how wheat in England is to '^^y'Jf ''^'=i,;;^;£- P^Jsent fannen, in Manitoba have so little But it will take time to come to that * "^l,*' ,'' P[^'^"'^^ triflin ^lu^ co»j^^ y »- ^^^^ No part of the United States (■^-/-r-s I have seen " .»-^ \' ° ,£ litaud in these other places ^:^:^1:;S: :^c!rS^iSwi!:;;c^='^ ^lanitol. a. extensively utiUsed. -N^^^:^dt^^KS'iSV:dK:S^^^ as mu:h as it would bring if far from, Winnipeg «; J--^ - -^ ^^^ ,, re.o...tlou, ho.y. =!S ILK wiK;^33i££^ us that from Poplar Point to Portage la 1^,^'"«' ^" ' I also an X 1' "■ as it ensures ap 9.0 Miy'liini,' 1 knipv I'llir Iiuric'ti 7u, oii. tl.'.l lliiy will I'.-.I; more. At t!mt prico, an enortrotlo m.iii of fair means— say X-J. per acr.j-would be al.!o to cloar uff tlie cost of liis land the vovv first viMr.^so that ho would ever* aftLrwards he as well nlF as if he liad taken up fr.c grant hvu.l, and he would, of course, have hi« iu.niediate market, and otherwise advantageous situation all to the g-,.Hl Km.,,'rantH wi h means .hould certainly keep these cirenn.stanecs in vi.^-. Jf thev 1:0 away 1-ar West, ^v he re there is n.. railwav, nor oavket for pr ..luce, they mu4 sit still till such arnve. If_, on the .nhor han! nnmod.ate ly accessd.le to a ma ket or to a railway, thev may clear uA all the purelKise n,..ney the while the sett'.r 01 the free-tjrant lands further we.t is waiting for the railway to ainve, before he can bcgn. operations "' "'il'n'Hun.'t Uie Eod River Valley (and it is larger than all Scotland) the,-e -.re many tracts of tine land besides the two T have referred to. An,l th.'n there arc also n.any sections, winch ure partly dry and partly w. t ; but for the pre.unt the.se need not bo particularly referred to except to say that anvoue whose fancy li-.s towards a place of that kind, would re nt ..by Then ag"un, all the land, for two to four mili.'S back, along the banks of the lied Kuei thoULJrtheTe are few places in which water ni;-.y n..t be had by moans of wells. -jt is w.ll e.iou.di 1 lUAvn that the river water is not very good, and that the well water even is rot all u-..od ; ir^fact, much of it is very middling, and plenty of it very_l.ad._ Ihere seems little reason to doubt, however, that g.iod water will be found in ample quantities m all localiues by moans of deeper wells than can be conveniently .sunk by settle.'s generally just now. In concluding my remarks on the soil (.f this nu.st splenuid valley, I have to say that, for the present at least, it is disagreeable in wet wea,ther. The mud is soniething jiuite incomparable m Lint of stickiness, and the rain brings f..ith small frogs in millions. The settle.-s make soup fi-ou. the hind-legs of these crcature.s, and declare it t.. be very hne I neverta.ted it. There is n.^t such a thin- as a hard road in the country, so that th« mud is a hmg that can- not be escaped if one goes out of doors at all in wet weather. Even the streets-f \\ mnipeg arc Mill innocent of all hard material, except the footpaths so that, after a day s rain, the horses are „p bevond their knees and the carts to their axles. Things, however, will no doubt gradually urow right in all these respects ; for it is really ineonceu able that a countjiy- so_ extr>;mely capable of furnishing forth the necessaries of life, should remain for ever d.sagreeaole 1.1 any respect that admita of being mended bv the inhabitants. Of cour.-e it w.ll take tmic to bring about the.se improvements, but probably not a long time.* '■ I.ere are abundant supplies of gravel and road- metal now obtainable f(U' Winnipeg by means of the railway. In the country districts, hovsevcr, metal roads may remain scarce for many a day ; and, in fact, Mith the exception of two or three months in the year, they are not wanted; for in th ■ dry weaUiur the and .self makes an exceptionally good road, tit to stand any amount of trallic ; and then, in the winter months, the whole country is as h'-rd as iron. , 1 , i • 1 11. Another momentary drawback to Manitoba is the presence of so many blackb.rda ; there a.e millions of them. Unless something is .tone to keep them rhou.e f;'-"l'";-^ ;;;•» always m.ake it dear to raise Uicni there, in cmpari.-.on, at all events with the eo.^t of laismg them away ui the Far We.t, near the base of the lloeky Mountains, where, the winters are preatly milder, and the cattle never re,,uiro to be honied at r,ll. At the same tune it is the fact - that there is a decided scarcity of cattle in the country at present ; and so long , as that may happen to continue, the rearing of them caunot fail to be prol table. Looking beyond the accidents o the moment, Iwwever, wheat is the thing tliat is to make the countrv rich. Tha is the product with which it can defy the comi.etit'on of tho rest r,f the world. '1 hat and potatoes ; but they, of course, are not so well suited for export. I never .aw su-.:h a country for pr.tatocs-tcn tons to the acre-with no manure, and no cultivati.m worthy ,.l the name T^rn,p^ carrots, and other vegetables also very str.mg. I saw no beans growing but I cannot help thinking it migh. be a good country for them, and that they would be a good crop to .altern.ate oocasionaly w. h the wheat. Oats gr.iw healthy anll plenty of good X uter in wells. There are a good many sett ew on the plain, and room '-^^^ H-^f'' '"'" f nwi-e The land is nice dry reliable lookinR stuff, but just a trifle too snudy. The black soil, P J 92 ;/■/•. rdev Imr!r\'i Pqm-t. ' 1 i„ii>, iQ innl.,.« ,,n nn ■ivoi-p"o. aivl tho croii^ nvo hr-altliy nml of fair however, is , I..0I.M.I.V S i'^^^' , ^, V ..• a' •-. 0,a.. do., not pw .trong hure ; the "t'*^o7d?;^\^''Ha^V^•r H^ S ti ti^li. I tl>ink, about a t£.u.andsrp,ave miles in '°f nt T dd ml'co n ch wet lan.l'on it--c.rtainly not nu.re tlian enough for hay On t'he wlKdo it i,! ?a IdcvatSgood i-lacu to B.ttlo. But, of cour.o, its a«ahfos wdl not last so '"^^acT'kilvlS'SBilrr;:;;. wo pa. through a region of ponds -^ bvushw^l f;,r wsmmmmmmM S5 kind Tte „»t tew n.ilo. arc to„ l.,„ lying .«■; n vt tor pl.ush.ng ; nnd thon Sh»l Lnk. r;.nfsh™l iX «4 t»U I. il.. .llhe. ol Eirtk, on 1!W T«ll ?[" VI ™iv. Lion '^' I" k- fir; :rr~,;\lrsr^^^^^^^ beams W on I was there the land was not all surveyed, and in.migrants then arriving were n sSJ diffioul"yU:.e to squat, as, if they happened to settle on 'and ha w- noUree-grant and they nught subsequently be oomi.elled cither to remove or pay a price for it. Next season ^flSiSe^^ 1f^:t t:^^ ihSirS: if r \0 mil. from WinnJ,.. and^that ,mtn the C-anadian Pacific Railway is exten.led this length, there will be no reliable market for S flS S™Uf« BoSS 1.1. 111? c..(.«.W. .lr=u„.t.n.« Th. w»k«.. «,B.g.d ,n makinsr the railway will want a lot of farni produce. , . ^ . ■ ^ „-.f .M» «f Bird In travelling from Birtle to Fort Ellice, I went a round-about way, by the east side of Bird Tail Creek a uUh'-ough an Indian reserve. Ou this route I passe.T over son.e of the very fines £^ , i/'liS- viihin an ace of being as strong as the Red River land, with natural grass that lou Id notC pa ed, abundance of fine water and wood, and a suffidently diversified landscape I cannot conceive any immigrant to this quarter ever regretting his choice of a home Hero the ir,^t River Assiniboine flows very tortuously through an immense gorge about half a m le wide and 200 to 300 eet down below the level of the surrounding prairie. For tv,-o or three miles back fiiX river, on cither bank, the land is quite too light and sandy, but after that it is mostly good TTrnevinrnorthwards from Fort EUiCe to Shell River, we pass over, first two or three miles 'o S a^d-1 the next ten miles the land is stronger, soil two feet deep, with -^ "'=« n';;«»f ™te ^ Htr nrsubsoil-all fit for ploughing, except a few large hay marshes, which could be very eas.ly Sd, but they are pribaHy more u'cful as thev arc. Boj-ond this the land grows stall \ Dfi: Peter Imrie's liipnrf. 93 ■aU.liy .inrl of fair strong Iiorc ; tho nd Brpiare miles in iiiTh for hay. On tios will not last so nd bnishw.ioil for n tho Littlo Sus- 1(1 is of aecidcdly nago. That, how- ffiazing it is fine as ) try stock farming, onds arc alive with Hcvpral good stores owan is a consider- or 10 miles west of re is rilling prairie, ly sn; table for hay. roes, and very few ssencc of too much licate something of id then Shoal Lako a mnst comfortable :iding Mountain, is sr>ttler3, though the lorth it is abundant, a jilace of superior otiona of tho latter tho south of Shoal ng still further west inches deep, resting ich wanted at Shoal p free-grant land. :, 20 miles, the land It is not yet cctcn- lod deal of first-class them admit of easy er. In this tract of ce of free-grant land nd the gentlemen in and pleasant to look it is a decidedly good i then arriving were t was not free-grant for it. Next season Winnipeg, and that 0 reliable market for rnment may possibly ts can be considered [ starving in such a lat the settlers might workmen engaged in the east side of Bird ome of the very finest ith natural grass that diversified landscape, of a home. Hero the bout half a mile wide vo or three miles back that it is mostly good. 5t, two or three miles vith a nice moderately 1 could be very easily the land grows still stronger as vo get north lowavds Shell Kiver, but U a s'""' deal niovo brolien, more pond.-i, more wood?more bush. As a rule, in this \orth- We.-it Territory, it has seemed t^i me that the strongest lands are almost all encumbered a good deal with ponds and brusliwood ; which indeed is only natural, as tho li-liter, sandier land, will neither hold water nor grow rubbish (or anything else) so well as the stronger soils. Consetpiently anyono who is bent upon having the very best clas< of soil must, as a rule, make up his mind to some extra preliminary labour at clearing and draining before he can have the irlioltui his land re.\dy for the plough. On all sections, however, there is a large proportion of immediately plougliable land. Very little of tho large tract l)mmded on tli'e west and south by tho Assiniboino, on the nortl)-west l)y Shell llivor, and o» the east by Bird Tail Creek, is yet occupied, except along tho banks ot Uird-Tail Creek, and abotit thirty families at Sliell River settlement. All of the settlers in these paj:t.s to whom I spoke appeared to be re.ally che -rful anil satir Ifind. Cropi lon\- w.'ll ; a pn;"li of alkali h r.^ and there ; wood watov both Kparcf, tii>ii\'li it is not donbt'? I th ■ latt jr niiy be had anywhorc by in;An^ of w. As we pasK on to tin: south-east wo find a !,'ood iinny sonvwhat ,L,-.-avc;lly plaots, v ith stony, also a few pond-holos all dried up at pn-s;nt, and yielding heavy er,-ps of hay. natural !'r.ass on this plain ;:niiTallv is not so li','ht .as it is on more elevated plains of e(pi,a quality of soil. There is still pi -ntv of free grant hand available on this plain, ami, thou :h it is not nil first rate, there .are many lirst-rate sections to be had for the lookint; for. TSut it is about as ntt-vly shelterless ns .any part of the lied Uiver ValU y. Withal, if woo(l for buildini; and fuel were oidy a little easier to \'et, I have no doubt the proximity of K.apid City and the navi,!,'ab!o wateifl of the Assiniboine, and also its own considerable agricultural merits, would soon lead to this plain being all taken up. The Assiniboine b.anks hero are low— no great gorge^.asat Fort Ellioo— anil the Land .adjoining them is of superior quality. The ferryman at l!ap;d.-l Crossing has good crops of whe.at, oats, and potatoes. Tlie wheat looks like 30 bushels to the acre, bul; the bbvckbirds will soon make it less. At five miles south of the Assini'ioine we find black sandy loam 18 inches, with )irett.v stilF subs lil ; .also nunvrous patches of gravid; roo.I water siqiji'ly ; wood at Brandon Hills, three miles off. The laud gfner.ally inqnoves as wo get nearer these" hills. A good many settlers in this part, but jileuty (jf good Land still nnoecupied. The land here is rather stronger than it is on the open, trivless prairies wc; have been i)assing over, but not si> strong as in the broken pondy district of the T,ittle Saskaleliewan, or in the diBtr'iclsof Bird Tail Creek ahd Shell ]?ivcr. " On the uhole, tliis Brandon Hill (luarter is a decidedly desirable one ; b\it, of course, all the best free-grant seetions in it have been t.aken \\\>. I am assured, however, that pretty good ones are still to be had in the iieighbourliood, and of course there arc plenty of unoccuiiicd r.ailway sections of the best quality for K.ale; and Iho price will probably not bo high, thougli at present it is not possible, I believe, to speak with certainty on that jioint.* Wo now pass through the Crand Valley, where there is much fine land pretty well taken up, and a good deal of ratlier gravelly land not nuich talcon up, Office, we leanicd from the agent' that immigrants to his d go twenty miles southwards to the Souris Plain, and westwards into the Plum Creek ui ighbour hood, where he liays there is good timber and better land than any previously surveyed in this part of the country. I am sorry to say that, owing- to an accident to one of the horses, it was impossible for lue'to go west to see this Plum Creek district ; liut T incline to believe the report of the land agent respecting it may possibly be correct, as I heard fn.m another relLable gentle- man, while at Fort Ellice, that tlie land about t)ak Lake (out of which Plum Creek flows into the Souris) is of higli quality. I would be doubtful, however, if any of it is as strong or good as the best lands in the region of the Bird Tail and the Shell Paver. We stayed over the night at Jlilford, a rising town of two stores, a smithy, a saw-miU, and the prospect of a grist-mill next year. Called next day on ISIessrs. Callander and Roid, five miles south-east of Milford, on the banks of Oak Creek : firic water, plenty of timber, beautiful situa- tion, and a decidedly good farm. If the land .agent's paradise at Plum Creek is as good as this, I can recommend it. But there is no fir,st-clas.-) free-grant land just hereabouts now— none til we get up to about Lang's Valley, where the Souris, coming from the west, bends northwards. From Callander and Roid's towa'rds Lang's Valley the land for the first seven or eight miles is pretty good prairie, then a largo tract of somewhat hilly land, s.ay five miles north and south, by fifteen''east and west. In this hilly quarter there are sev, ri'.l lino lakes, and plenty of good grazing and h,ay land ; also some timber and evidently some heavy game. I saw a bear, and plenty of foxes, also a few deer. A finer country than this for hunting in could hardly be imagined. In this clear, exhilarating atmosphere good horses can hardly bo tired out. Lang's Valley, at f-e bend of the Souris, is quite a dip down from the level of the surrounding prairie ; it is not an extensive tract. There is a nice little stream of water running through it, the last we shall see for a good while. Most of the land in the valley is good liay land ; some of it dry enough to plough. Mr. Lang praises the land away west by Plum Creek. Lea\-ing Lang's Valley we enter on a vast expanse of slightly rolling prairie, which extends southwards for tvecntv miles or so to the Turtle Moimtains, and westwards hundreds of miles. On th^! bonlers of this plain, adjoining Lang's Valley, there is some timber, and the only settler i'^ •■''' "■'' ^nyuian at I'ap'ild « !!0 liii.-^lifls to Ihti iV.-isIiiilioiiio we fiiul ,fs of f^ravi'l ; good iiiiluMVes as wu !,";t nd still uiiocciipieil. havo bfun i)assinir alcluAvan, or iu llio n Hill (iiiartcr is a lavo been taken up. i^libourliood, and of f for sale; and tlio ovo, to speak witli retty well taken up, it the Souris Land n will be a<\ vised to m Creek ui iKhbonr- i.sly surveyed in this ! the hor.se.s, it was ;n believe tlie report her reliable gentle- im Creek flowH into as strong or good aa ;hy, a saw-mill, and and Roid, five miles iber, beautiful situa- -■k ia as good as this, bouts now — none til ;, bends northwards, iven or eight miles les north and south, , and plenty of good I saw a bear, and in could hardly be irdly be tired out. [ of the surrounding running through it, 1 hay land ; some of ■eek. fairie, which extends I Iniiidreds of miles. I and the only settler iract of the land just c the black soil is two idy loam of medium »a Paciflo Railway is 5 Air. rjn- Iiiiric'ti Hi licit. n.'i ,,, . 1 ... ..'- V,i ,b-iina-i' v.lli be n'-'ee,,;ay lieri'- .trength -really useful lan U '- ;;^;;;y ;; ^^ ^ ,,,^ ...a.shes, luH not more th,m will be .bouts, nor any elearin- away .;f bu-h. '• .'• J^^j^ 'l„„.hiM.'. Alon- the banks of the Sour.s wanted ; and every oUur acre u ";'" -:',.,'^i, ',':,,;. ; and wlieu it runs down there w. 1, there is sutheient timber for ."'\'\';:''''^'f ,:!';";,,, .a the Milf-rd s^w-miU. On the whole, 1 believe, "l^vav. be a p..xeueab>bty . i,^tt j, ^ ^^ ^„ ^he attenti.m of any nu- L?,:l'.r.t. :ri'Zy';;,.;i;r.t''ir*-a ., .ho i ..a ua.„,- ... .h. .„...,.. l.vnds up about the W'.ell raver._ ■■ • '- > ,.1 viiu ....." t, .'■ - ,,,,,„'l \M • and of course anyone fjoinji therewith, one al., c.unes "cro.s ...any g-d bit a^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ .^ _._^,^ ^^^^^^ ,„„ ^, next veav or two will have ";V^''"'-"'l' .^'Vthi U^ willmut en. mnterin- a human Ix-.n-, or most there yet I travelled for ''^^n - ^ .^ ! ^^^^ with ue.thin- on it n,.w but a stray fox, or doer, T£r.r:lw b.;ir;;:bou;r ^i;e;it'n: b„ifalo hereabouts now ; at one time there -^^TS^f;it:?:i^wefw„ocha^^^^ southwards, away frou. the "f Shb<;"vh-'. ;f * «oim ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^,^ „„nu.rous and of line land. The prairie gets to be mme rol JV- ''^ am doubtful if this vast Sour.s 1 an. some of tiiem very large. «" ^l'"^ ,^^^^ 1^\ ^t^^^ phnv^^hable land. Rut in saymg ha contains more tlian thirty or forty pore., t. ot ;";;,'^ ' \y,,'=„f ^ M,vnitoban. and so condemn I n "ht to explain that I amspeakmg wi h ^^o /^^ ' ".^^t' p L^.hable and fertile-a doctrine all hand that re.,uires money to ^«/XSther is s u h /auHlcs" land to be had for nothing which is quite correct in a country ^^he.e ^^^'^'t^^/^ J^f „„„taius whicli neces^aates our crossing or thereabouts. We now steer ^' "•;:'= f-^J^'^^ „ Xr 40 srpiare miles. I would rather g.> a good a terrible marsh, whoso area cannot be much ""^^"^ *" j.jj^ „f jt u White Lake, where here bit round about than cross that marsh '-^^Xcls f w Id "eose ; and, out on the Souris Plain here are innumerable ducks; we also saw 1=^ K" * '7;;" ' VX^rnuartor-altogether an eKtraordin.-vry • ■ fowl than we encountered in ay otl cr /P'; ^^^ ^^^^ United States ; and, are more prtiirie .... ;han we encountered in any o e q--- ^ " United States ; and. LVmy "for wildfowl. .The Tui^tie Mountains be .don ^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ,^ ^ for r, or 6 miles north of thein. there extend t.acts^ot^rca^^y ^^^._^^^^ ^^^.^^ here should leave ■Tor 6 miles north of them there extend ^^;:^^^^^ ^^',f .Jttling here should leave goo many settlers, but still plenty of 7"" •.]""=^^^*,1,,,. desirable locality. There is abun- the train at Kmer.^on. In many respects this is a P* "'='*; > f snlendid water flow from these dance of tmber on the Turtle Mountains, and ""™^^ ^^^^ ' .^^ ^xt year or two at lei.st, all mo, nta ns northwards. The soil is of various ".;! '«^ _^_^ ; ^^ ^^^^le Souris Plain soil-perhap. a ta^ini 'rants m.ay easily obtain a S'^o'^''^ q • u 1 .s or . cX Js 2 feet in some places; subs.nl pretty sh dJ'stronger-black sandy loam, ^'^t" IS'.uhe pe.lu p^ - t- ^ ^^^ ,i,^^ i„ the dis- s?hf, but nol more so than the;, I'^e '^ ""' ":;;i^ 't.t too much mar.ih or hay-land, some parts trio . There is but little scrub, and on *« J^^*' ;;' j,\, ,. I am told th'-"'\^7.""7^Ve too litouv, but no immigrant need settle on tlic. e '" >■ ' ,j,, j ,j onice is at White Lake. uS the district, but there is stiH r,.on. or ^^^^ ]ZLn.io prospect of a railway , The greatest drawback to th^ distnct is Uut^theic^^^^^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^^._^ ^.^^ wood The greatest drawback to this 'i'''^" '«J, t ^ l;'; country is to remain either unsetttea or but for my part, I cannot see how so hue a ti. tt o cou ^^^^_^^^^^ j^^_^ ^^, t,,^,„,, Slv^^ed a^ aiiV gveat. length of mie j, ^ ^ ,^^' ^V^" Al'-gether, with its :d,uiidant w moderate market from 'f '"".'V^" 1 b s ot t. itch lo-ub P-ud there is plenty of room._ 1 and water, this is a ccimfortable-loMu g s ; to itu^ ^,^_^^^ ^^^^^^, .^_ ^^ ^,^^ «t.^.ams whic liiii- therc are'lSO settlers 'already. ,.,>o^h.lookin't countrv, to Clearwater village, we potatoes. Thi but it is not to h'" "„,T J :, -t ;-• «™ ». " "' '"■ i*"'i'""B . ^ J 86 Mi: Vela' f nine's liri'orl. fe,v inilfH enst .,f fVi..l Ina lliv. . Ci-sMnj,'. Aricr that th : hu,\ ^lI, cvcu Utt.r, l.iit Ihso bocg.y and Hcn.bl,y that ..i.ly a m.u.11 pr..i.oili..n of it h fit for i.louKhing. I asHintf on t.. w.tl.in five miles ..f Alountain City wu niter ..ii a tract .,f as usiful h.ml ts wc have Bern anywliere. Saw a man who came from Oiitari,. thri e joai« a-., with r,00 dollarn, and took up .t^O acre.-., for There are to be three cattle shoWB hereabouts within the next thieoor four weekH. _ Many of the Hottlers are now in course of getting nice frame li.niHeH erected in front of their origmul lo- Hhanties. Churclieri and scliools lire in progreKs, and in some in . t;uice» completed , and aUogethei- the country is a»Huming a look of comfort whieh, consideriiiK that it ih only three or four yeav^ o,it of i.rariehood, may well cheer and encouraK-' settlers in the further west A few mdes east of Mountain City we dip again into the lied Jiiver Valley, with its dead-level magnificent wheat land, little good water to bo seen, and IreeH only in the .listance. ,. , . , ,., I have now done. In concluding I merely want to say that, notwithstanding the kigh ;e, but for the present it is rather a dreary one. 1 hat dreari - nesM, however, is just the price which present immigrants have to pay for their estates, and 1 really cannot think them dear at the cost, The feeling of l.meliness must be worse m winter tinie ; and to combat it, I would almost venture to suggest that every m.aii t;onig out there should take ^ wife with him, and that two or three should go together, and build their huts alongside each other. It is grievous to see so many bachelors as there are in Manitoba wasting half their time upon household work, and wearying for want of society, when both evils might have W'cn iirevented by a little forethought and eounvge. No (hnibt one cannot but hivve a feeling of nnwillingness to ask a woman to enter on a life of even temporary roughness ; but after some little experience of it myself, both in tent and shanty, I feel safe to say that no one need shrink from the experiment : in my humble opinion it is neither ilisagroeable nor dangerous. _ I close with the following sketch by a gentleman who has been three years settled near Morris, on the Red River, where he has 500 acres (,f fine strong lan.l, viz. : Consider lliat a settler wit i a yoke of oxen shouhl raise 30 acres of wheat, besiiles siillicient vegetables for his own use ; with two horses he could probably do 40 acres; expenses of living, say U) dollars a year, it done economically. After three years a man startin- with no spare capital ought to be in a position - V-: man, and so double his crop ; but to accomplish this reipiires diligence aii.l economy. ily i-2U0. He may do with half that, but Ins progrcss^will be " ~ ■ ■ ' To begin rightlv, a man requires nearly iiUO. He may do with halt t.liat. hut us progress wm be slower, and his .liscomforts greater. This gentleman recently purchased 210 acres of first- clas4 land, all arable, on the east side of the Red River, at three dollars per .acre._ Consulers it even Btronger than Hing (in til witliiii we BtM.n anywliLTp. ik up .'t'-O acrt'M, for ry and well-woddeil, w that we have Been in district. Wheat If incline '. > licliovo. celiH. Many of tlio if thi'ir oiigint.1 lo;,' ted , and allii),'otlioi' three or four yeav^ . A few miltH eii.st ,d-luvel magniflcent iiig the liigh quality Hailie Nicol Jiirvie any person to wlmni least. ]t in ill many y one. That dreavi- e.states, and 1 re:dly in winter time ; and t there should take lieir huts almiyside nitolia, wanting half )th evils might iiave nit have a feeling of less ; but after some no one need shrink angorons. i settled near Morris, r that a settler with ir liis own use ; with ollars a year, if done it to be in a position igcnce and economy. i)\it his progress will id 210 acres of first- r .acre. Consiilers it iltivatiou ; considers {iver Valley, but not ons of life hard, both fiiniself works out all ig. If the uiau had live. VAIVOUT OF MR. JESSE SPARKONY, Woo(l!ai>'.h Farm, Doi/nb^ii, Bath. TTvviVG been s.-licted as tho del gate from the county of Glouce-.tev, at the invltatirin of Iho ! WL. U ov ei'Muieut. to visit the Dominion and to report upon its Mutab.hty as a hold for «.e settlement of agriculturists, I now r''''^^'^;' '" J";;'"' „7;, ;;;/^;';^- j-,„ v,oard the stean.(.r Peruvku, I started on my n>issK,n on ^,^"«"f, V| ij^f^.r' wbof WM^ board I was introduce.! to fitt !l , w th c U t 1 s e U ^^^^^ yards capable of accommodating over "200 head of cattle. There Em "iAir^er: ■£ Ui£ibieS'df'«heep, comprising Cot:.vold, Shropshires, and ^'"weTen ..rove back, and crossed the river St. Lawrence to Quebec, the river being little ''^^"^"^ik'SirSainthe same night for Montreal and. I availed -y!:^f,;^;- -^^'^ ltdW&d"Tir=i^bS:ii-^^ .unLteS Kr occiild by I'rei* C.n».ll..». Th.re mr. mmc ««ry 6« J .rm. ground swedes.' He has had it well fenced. on j\[i: Jrnnf Spiirrcif'n licp'iil. On Aii-iiM, -^.'i I 1. ri OlUuvik liv ■.L.miuIm, it f.ir M alrcul. \\\' l.i I l< chun^'.! ami ti tniiii fur iU).iut Iwclvo iiiilrs, iiwiii.; t. hmiih^ full* in tlir riv,:r ; tli a toi.k t.i beat a,': wiTc Hcion cmt ill till' St. I/iur -lifo liivor, ipn.i-uil tliioviyli tliu LachiiHi l!a[iii.l s uiuUr llu; liriil;,'!', anil anlvi il at Muiitv .il. I driivi' inlii tho I'Diiiilry al.in:; th(! \\l\\h-v T.arljiiK^ I'mail tu Kfo Mr. IViitiur s fann. not at huiii.s HO wi) aid iiiii p) over llio wlml- 'if it. Tiirr,' an: aliniit 'iOO aiMv... II. vcrv ^'()H(l .Ayr-liiro coWH^'ia/.iic^' in oiiu uf tli.' Iii'l,l:< ; tlvy lunkol hrallliy. irisiuui nwriU:n |.nlm'i,^^ll a -."1,1 ciHi, ; tlu' iiutatocs W(;ro also ■(oml, m w.'ll a-< li.aiis and liialz.- (.. c.ni), anni T..i to, wh.i has just iiurehased lOlU ace: ^i timber land mar I,.ako M-vijantic. lie Heenied niiiuh idjascl with his ha.yaiii. He was formerly from Y.)rk- shire, Kn,\'lan I. „„..,., Wo left Katon the Bam.^ aftornnon f.ir Lake Megantic. Ihis w a n.'W line, and _pa:wos through a (len.-e fore.st, which seems soiiietimcs to darken tlu' road. Seti'umunts occasionally uimear : on.' was call.jd J^ury, an I'ln^jlish se-ltlcnunt ; and an..ther SeoU'ht.iwii, a Scotch settle- ne.mt; and I n.iticcl s.Miie otlKr.s. The t..wn at th^; f.i..t of Lake Me-antic is called A^'nes. 'I'w.i years a;;o it was bu.-h laud ; ii.iw it cutains f.mr hotels, two stores, and fleveral hnnsos. 'Die lako is" all. mt 1-2 miles lonLf by 2 wide. Most of the laivl is tak.n up by suttlors and HiKculators. I believe tills place will bee.ime a great resort for visitors during the Bummor iii.mlhs. The lako aboumls with tish, ami, at certain seasons of the year, with wild duck. We rcmaine.l there over Sunday, and then returned to Kat.ui, in the c.mnty of Compton, where the Hon. .T, H. Top.', the Minister of Agriculture, resides. He was in England at the time, resjiecting the comiiltion of the Cana.lian Paeific Itailway. He has a splendid farm of about 1000 acres, and capital barns and other buililings. I was introduced to his .s.m, who drove me over the farm. I wa-s shown lands that a few years ai;.i w. le in a rough and wiM state, and was surprise.! to sec lio'.v .piiekly tliey can be brought int.i cultivation. Tho stumps of trees are n.it drawn until they bee.mie decayt.l (fr.mi six t.i eight years), when they can easily be got up. Meantime the lands grow g.iod feed :"..r cattle, and are called pastures, ih; called my attention to .1110 of these pieces. After clearing away the stumps and "ince pl..ughing, it was put to oats last spring, and a yield of from 00 t.i C.'i bu.-livls p.r aeie is expected. It was put down to clover au.l timothy, and hioks very pr.unisiug for a ^.lod crop next year. Tivo to throe t.ins per acre, I have often been told, grow in this coin. ; ; the s.-cuid crop averaging from 1 to IJ ton per acre. He has 'JOO hundred oxen and lieife. , ami generally brings out i'.O by the 1st of May, and l.'iO by the 1st of August. It is very surprising, I was "told, liow ipiiekly they fatten on the clover pastur f during the summer inunths, I noticed some very line yokes of working ox<;n on this farm, and sunie good horses. ^ . , , I was Lbiven around tho c.aintry ami shown s.mie cheap farms f.ir sale. Farms in this part can be bought from .Co 10s. to ,€G per .acre, with dwelling-house, barns, and otlv-r buildings, an. 1 g'.iod water aecanm.idation. I^ach farm lias its ' bush ' ami maple grove. The ' bush ' is R por'ti.iu of the forest left for flre-w.uid an.l f.u- building ami repairing purpiwcs. Sugar ia extiaeti,'d from the maple-tree, which grows in this country. They tap the tree.i in the spring of the year by boring a hole into the stem, and hang a buekut or similar vessel under it to catch the sap. We IcftP-at.mby rail for Shcrbrooko, and drove to the Hon. J. Cochrane's estate, at Comp- ton. This is one of the protfiesi; viil.i^es I have seen in this part of the country. We halted at Compton a short tinie, and visited the blacksmith's shop an.l tho carpeiitei's and wheelwright's shop. The blacksmiths' anvils are erected on highi.r bl.jeks than in Kngland, and the men stand more erect at their work ; at the carpenter's sli.ip a new farmer's wagg.m was being made. Tho carriage and wheels were put together very well ; the weight was ab.iut half a ton. _ About a mile further and wo cam.' to Mr. Cuclirane's farm, situated on one of the ranges of hills that ab.aind in thi.s part of tho country ; the hills .seem as fertile as the plains— in.leed, the apple trees thrive much better on the hills than in the jilains. We drin\, in through a fine gateway. He has a pretty villa-shaped hous.% the lawn being on" our left hand and tho conserv.atory and garden on our right ; then through another gate an.l we came uiuin the barns, stables, cattle- sheds, and other buililings, ar..un.l a largo yard. The fann is called ' Ilillhurst,' and some of the cattle take their namt* from it. It was purchased by Mr. Cochrane about 16 years ago, and ^ antfo and travel liv to bcmt H,Min, tni'l 1, unikr lliu Victoria icii'rt faiui. Til! wim J aciv.-. Ml' liiiJ -M His 111 iii'.;i'lf< ami ,11(1 liiaizi' (iir Iiiilian I i'rn]H (if oatM ami trill',' ; tlicj trufH aru til' 111 Wi'i'ii HO lann\.ic'it ni^'iii't. M cnntaluK abou.'. ItOO acren pigs, etc. 'I'llC) cattle iicei Mr. Ooelirane reeclvud uh, and wo iiiHp.d-d his c;.t;l.', sheep, no ooiiiiueiit from mo. They aru will liiiuvui, aiM Mi'.v.- what U'lH, done in this .'omitiv. 1 took a ii'ile of ^oii.o of tlie auiiiulH. .\ dark loaii ^b',i> horn ) I niU, iwlu'ssof Midiic, isa.iuuMilicciitcicalMi-. aii'l was puicl.ased by .Mr. I och-aiic frmu '•I'l in a , c . .1 ■ '; '0 uincas, but ba. '.i^.i. lii.u good retiM-i... In tl.o aulun,,. o, .,? he l.uglana, at co i x ,, i;„;|:,„d, wli.i.i Ihcv were Hold by .Mr. Thoiiiloii for :;lo:^:;'r'''rn'iill;;i;'ti:'ly..ioagu ;a,,d4;lU0uin.i..as,tholaUer,,i.ieebeingpaid ^?h KaiioflVcti^eforthcLl. l.iiehos.ofllilll,urAa^ lin..li,.ss of IliUliuist Thr^ii two COWS Wore dc.-e.'ud.d lioiu ihe cel,:br.it.'.i c w, IDJi limli..sH KuX - -U. a spUndld enatu,..'. dirk loau, clvul April .Itli. l^SO- weigh. OOIb e ; a Duke of Oiuilla. lie has many other luie animals, parlKulaily two bulls, :'^dark;oan...uke,,fC,m.i,U..h,o^ Sfo:iastf::ihu; 'for '.;;'';:,;■;;; V :•.: u ..d to .i..d this ..luabie 1.1,1 ^...1..^ ..u u. J^ . ^ .Uld but little high fee'lin. iudul,'.'d ill. The im.t -'-"'-l;';' --;^;;- '" ^ ^ J , the L'ood healtli maiiitaiiiod. The svjiM'"-* '^'"1 ""»»S'' "" ,^'"' ^"" '"," '^'* ^""'- vr .." 1, Tl " lad iu.t thruslied s.,iae of his win at" which yielded nearly;;.) busliels per acre. Afto.d.iviig i^ o H la'brooUe, a distance of 1« mUus, wo took the .ail to Stai.stead ^-^ ^^'-^ g^;',"! ^ S. ;"i;.;, E'st™ ,1;::; v/uS :;;'•;::; '..l .i..' ;™- , ^-s^r'-t :;,;= i,.i;f;l »a« .«.''i'-.'f>-™W''''''V'''i':v''"Vrr*;''';.'7r'tr,i'Ni r",' Hon. .Ml. ' chiaiic, .iml '"■''> ^^ •-'■,,' ^ inebi.iin" tho necessary buiUlings, can be purchased JllSu'^irclotr'^iaiTi.sKmrcan'bo'Coi^t from thi Covcrnllient of tb" .roviaco at from Is !)d to |s l'«J "^f^;;; . j , rj., ^^^ , ,i.^, .,f ' „uario, distant from Montreal -• s" SHiS S&s;:ivf s:^i^:s;r ,:^:'a:'i^i ?|: 4t±fi:^£s^J^4rc;trs:;r5;u3;^^^^^^ partYculars of the exhibits, were prepared and sold, as m t.'s country. 1 100 Mr. Jesse S2>nirov)'s IJe^mrl, While at the show I was invited ti) inspect a farm about twcnty-eiyht milus awav. It was about 400 ncifs in extent, nearly all clenred, well fenced, nnd with nhnnt twenty acres of young orchard. The frm i.s .'situated only one-and-a-half mile from a railway station, and two mileH from Lake Ontario. The price asked i.s £14 an acre. I also visited anotl... farm, four miles from Toronto. The owner came from Kn^Iand some forty years ago with another gentleman; when they arrived at Toronto one had ill, while the other had to borrow money to carry him to the end of his journey. Now one has two farms of 180 acres each, in a good state of cultivation, and has just purch.ased a little property near Toronto, and eructed a nice villa-residunce, where he intends to spend tho remainder of his days ; tlie other owns a farm of 100 acres. Wliilo at Toronto I of cours? took an opportunity of visiting the Niagara Kails, which form a very grand sight. From Toi(mto I went on to Hamilton, a city of about 3r>,000 inhabitants. Wiiilu at this place I came across a relation of one of my neighbours, who was very pleased to see me. While driving throuch this district f was much struck \(|ith the abundance of fruit grown, and its excellent tpiality. The ni)ple trade is rapidly becoming an important industry in the Province of Ontario, and large quantities are shipped every year to fCngland, and I am told yield a very good profit. I also visited a farm in the neighbourhood of Tjurlington .and Oakville, containing 100 acres of land, including 12 acres of buiih and I'i acres of young orchard. There is a good residence on the land, and the price asked is "0 dollars an acre. TVom Hamilton I took tho train to Paris, County Brantford, and then drove for about nine miles through a beautiful farming caimtry. There are many sheep kept in this district, and they looked reniarkablj' well. There is plenty of water, and the Grand Kiver runs through Paris. About two miles from Barford, ^^r. Townscnd, Deputy Sheriff of Hamilton, has a nice farm for sale. There are about 200 acres, and a small river runs through a portion of the farm. The price is 60 dollars an acre. I also went through the districts of Chatham, Woodstock, Ingorsoll, and London, all splendid farming di-^tricts, and in fact called by some the garden of Canada. The price of land ranges from .t'lO to £14 an acre, including the building and fencing. This country produces excellent crops of cereals, as well as roots of a larger kind than are grown here ; and while mentioning this I cannot do better than quote an article I recently ni\\v in the Iriih Fanner bearing on the question : E.\lllBITd OF CANADIAN FKODCCE AT THE SMlTHKIKtr. CLUB SHOW. ' There was not, perhaps, at the late great annual show at Smithfield a more interesting exhibit than that of the Canadian produce to be seen on the stand of Messrs. Sutton and Sons. In our opiinon, it went further than vohnnes written by travellers and farmers' delegates towards indicating the capabilities of Canada, and its newly-acquired North-Western Territory (Manitoba), which has been so much spoken of the past two or three years, and completely refuted the statements one occasionally sees in print made by interested parties, that it is not a desirable colony for the ]'>ritish farmer to go to with a view to settlement. Having repeatedly in tljese cohimns and elsewhere advocated the advantages British North America possesses over other English colonies for farmers and others of both largo and small means to emigrate to, we were naturally pleased to see our statements receive such positive confirmation in th(! display made on this occasion. The samples included in this collection were gathered for Mr. .John Dyke, the Canadian Government Agent at Liverpool, who made a tour through the Dominion last autumn, by the Winnipeg (Manitoba) Agricultural Society, and the Ontario Root Growers' Associatii* (Toronto), and included some of the most wonderful specimens of agricultural pro- duce ever exhibited on this side of the Atlantic. ' The most remarkable exhibits in this collection were some Long Red nangels, the heaviest of which weighed 73 lb. ; Yellow Globe ditto, 68 lb. ; citrons, 33 lb. ; field pumpkins, 37 lb. ; and •mammoth squash, 313 lb. I The latter was sown on Ist May, and cut on 6th of October, thus showing an average growth of something about 2 lb. per day. We have taken some trouble to learn how this weight compares with some of the heaviest squashes or pumpkins grown in England, or even on the Continent, and find that it is more than 100 lb. heavier than the largest grown in Britain that we have any published record of, and 70J lb. heavier than any grown on the Continent. Loudon's Magazine contains the record of tho heaviest grown in England, this was produced in the gardtns of Lord Rodney, in the year 1834, and weighed 212 lb. On the Continent we find that -- market gardener near Orleans showed in 1861 a larger and heavier one than this, which weighed 242J lb.' 'The mangels were the most wonderful specimens, as regards size, over seen at any exhibition, and in all probability were also the hcaWest roots overgrown. Tliey were wonderfully symmutri- cal in growth, and, considering their ( reat size, exhibited very little of that coarseness usually y-eiyht miles nwav. It was with Blimtt twenty acres of limit ihvolling-houso on tho (1 of cattle, ann Ml "^ ^ '^^ m bc,a ^ i ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ma^irnrthe wonderful fort lity of the "^'^ '^^^^ ^ ^ .l^'- ^ " '^ ' f ^„„ possibly bo adapted the climate is to bring t^*l^^„^'i^';.'^'\ 1™' „ ,^^^^^^ us-.ally cultivated here. attained by the best .ystem of farming "^,f ''^"^^^^'^l^itfsiTeh a s^ such a climate within an,l many besides which we cannot attempt o^ow.W^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^,_. a little over a week's ^'-^'l f''™? "X;,''';;^^;:::^:" ^^ p.rt of it? and thus freed themselves TSSZ KIXiy^"Xnr :;l^^a^;S^heir produce as arranged at Smith- field by Messrs Sutton and H""^- . .„„ „„jh ^^ exhibition to be made ; and •The Canadian Government at dws^ ^^^^ ^_^^^^^^ .^^ ^^^^ ^^ proved, beyond doubt, to the thousanas ' ' »o ,,. . -^ ; ^ot necessary to go beyond the fully, and grow as fine crops as it ,s possible *" ^""'!^\«' " " "^ ' , :„„„,■ f^om home.' protection of British rule, "-■•^•••'^^•-'l *"'•*''" ^^'^.^J^^'^.L of^ D"^'"^ ^ While at Chatham I went to see ^^^rj.l h n red »'^«;"f.r'™rar purposes but it has been West. It was recently regarded as .luite "^^^'^'^./"''^ ^^ij.t'''^^^ ' b, t the soil, a rich black bought up and drained. The spot ^vaH;>rmerly nothing ^>* f ^J^^P' ^^'..j^,, ^i^^; There are loam, turned out t^' b° "^ ">^P-:'"S ^g' "whieh the propr etoi-s moan to farm themselves and about 2700 acres of it altogether, 1200 «;;^ '"" ^^^ P^ l^ ^^^ to Messrs Fuller and White, the remaining 1500 they waivt to Pell. f PP''^^*'"^ •=^,'^^';"^^ „ ,„„eh newer country than barristers, St. .Tames Street Hamiltom J^^^^J' '" very Hch and conserpiontly they grow Xlttrt vS^ySin Juctli^" indiar^orrl;: thrives well. Farms can be bought at n^S^SSlJtr ^mtry is ve.,1;^. ^^^,^- rich ,^tnr. Tli. SS r C =r£i.;:;=i;tiKLS:^.S;i this wm no doubt be do,, before very long. Anderson's farm, situate on tho banks of Lake Erie. Ho At Deal Town we called at Blr. Anaerson » , v 'a,^^*- Ho his a beautiful apple orch.ird t:L:f^^K::;/^orSrS^:^hp^rih!^S^ Vetrees^re planted IbST^feSt ^P^l-ji^XrinV^inlSh:^^^^^^^^^ a swamp near I.ke St. Clair said^o Kotf ares''Krnt:which wUl doubtless be drained in «ome future tune, and will 'TretiTdl: niiltonto have a l-o^ ^t^J'^-f'S rS^^^^^^^^ resembled the Toronto show very ^f]:''^;''^'^;^?.^^^^^^^^ of peopfe, trains places. The show, as well as that at T->[;"to was visaed bv^ neighbourhood either drove or coming in from all parts of ^^o country, but the farmers m^^ ^^^^ .^^.^ rode to the exhibition. I noticed ""«J*™™':".'^"',";"f 'j "houc-ht if some of our farmers driving a pair of splendid d-^ grey, w^h -"- ^J^J'^^f ,„/,d ,Ut a bit, and probably get iheXrard rimrrhe g;U? numb^rofSei-s in gan.ada are their own landlords, .nd have "" ■:?;;:;:i^t;^rdistress in t c.intry an. ev.ryb.ly seer^^^ on ^J course there are some poor pe.ye, but ";*^ "^^^^ J,°^i*f^\t the school-tax, but this is very light ':i:^::^Z^Z;!^^^i!^^^i^'^^^' f-of cost, and mdeed receive a very useful and thowugh ^diication. , overslept myself, and was carried past my Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince I?-! ward Island Macph^rson, is widely known in \02 Jfr. Jcr.se SjHirrotr's Rfj;if£ the piueg and tipmce, form a very attractive feature in a Canadian landscape. . , , , , . ^i ,. At lein,'lh wo arrived at Moncton, in Now Brunswick, and after atayinc; tliere we went on to Shediac^ wlurc we eiiibmked on board a steamboat f(jr I'linco Edward Island, distant iib-ut forty miles. We laud.ilat .Summer.sido the siimc day, and owiiii,' to an a^nicuItiu-.U «how that wiis'bfiii'' held we had much ditticulty in -ettin^' aco >miiio.l.vLiou for the night. The iicKt mornini,' wo dn)ve to Mr. I.-iiid's f.iini, one of the liirgcjt in the island. It con- tains about 400 acres wl-U .■■lUivaled. He statod that his wheat crop was not m good as last voar, l)ut averRKed forty-tivo bushels \WT acre ; oats grow exceedingly well in the idand, and often woiih 44 ib. and over to the bu^liel. We then went over the laiia of one t)f his neigh- bours, and were shown his wheat and oats. I a^ked him what profits a farmer eouUl make off 100 acres, and he took mo on one side and puiiile I out three cvmages. One w.-vs a light carriage for two passengers, a heavier one for f.uir, and tlio other a overed one. There were also throe sleighs very nicely g..t up. I remarked that th^y seemed to eat and drmk well and enjov themselves, and he ieplie>l that they did s,>, having the opjiortunity. We Icit Siimmeiside for Charlott. town, the principal town in the island. Its population is 12 000. I sujipose thr-ru are not many ijlaees without a disadv.aiitage, and this v> ill apply to rrincn Edward Island. If it month were laken off the winter sea:- .ii and plac.-d on the summer, it would, 1 think, be one of the iinest places in the contiii.'iit of America. The climate does not, however, seem to make much dilfereuoe in the gro\>th of t'.iu crops and vegetables, neither docs it interfere with the bioedinv and faUenins; of the cattle. While at f 'havl..tl.towii an a-iieulti\ial .show was takiiitr place; and eomo of the cattlo were very good, but (jthers were hardly fit for public exhloitiori. 8heep evidently do well in tile island, ami somo fine .specimens were shown. It is iMt.d for horses, ;,ii.I some fine anim.als were on view. The clim.ate s.ems to be a very healtliy one, judging by the ajipear- anc^'of the people whom 1 met. We had o,ilv intended to stay a .lay or two in the island, but prolon.'od our vi.sit at the ro(|nest of several of the leading people. 1 went to Soiiris, a quiet little town on the east side of the island. I passed through several hundreds of acres of imtilled lands, consisting, seomingly, of very rich soil. . „, . , ., , , , I'rince I'Mward Island is tlia nearest land to England. The rivers and the coast .abound with fish, and there are plenty of wild-fowl ; shell-tiah also abound, and arc sold at very low rates. The soil thron<,d»out the i:-!aud seemed to bu of one kiml— a red sandy loam— and tho country resembles iMmlami more than any ollior part of Canada I visited. It is about 140 niile3 Ion", and varies in width from 8 to 40 miles. Largo nnmb.'is i>f sheep and cattle are ex- iwrtad to England, .ind also oats, (jovernmeiit lands, of which there are only a limited 'piaiitity, can be obtained at from 2 to 4 dollars {ler acre, while improved farms cost from 20 to tJO dolhirs per acre. So far as I could ascertain, the taxes amount to from .'"> to 15 cents per acre. In tho beds of most of tho rivers and bays there are great quantities (»f decomposed sliell matter, varying from 4 to 15 feet in depth ; it is called mussel-mud, and has, no doubt, accumulated for cen'turfes. The farmers got it in the winter-time and put it on the land, its value as a ferti- liser being very great. ^ tt i-r t, • t We t/.ok tli(^ steiimboat to Pictou, and went by tram fnmi there to Halifax, Province of Nova Scotia. For tho principal part of the jourmy tho country loo];ed very rough and sterile, but the fact of the district beinga uiiner.i! one will proljably account for this. Large f nd the coast abound ire sold at very low iaii.ly loam — and the It i-: about 110 miles p and cattle are ex- y a limited 'inaiitity, from '.iO to t>0 dollars 5 cents per acre. In nposed sliell matter, iil)t, accumulated for I its value a.s a ferti- Hi'.lifax, Province of ;ry rough and sterile, is. Large ([uantities parts of Canada and dsor I noticed some of the Dominion of lown large blocks of ry, some of it ns wild PUS Ann.apolis Valley, iwallis is situated on e valley, and has its from the sea. Thc.« lem each year by the crops of hay. After id, tiic nnmljers being egrowiiig country of o any I had seen in orted to the English listrict of that name, Mr. J(-ii( S^Mi'foir Fifcij-I. 103 ,,0-essin.' con.iderablo rop-..t.,ati.,n on ace .unt of the_ fertu.ty o .t.s "'" ' ^' Vr.f '" ^/"V'! ? cereals and sield of fruits. Annai.olis is a -luiei liiUe town, but is sp eiididly situated and 1 c- 1110^0 ce. a better place for gentlemen ,.f means, who may be wishing to retire from is iae abounds, such ..s woodcock, snipe, plover, and duck wnle ."oose-foxes and har"s so netimes alford g .od sp..rt. In addition, there is cxeell.nt hslnn.,-. Ihere.s much m 1^1 Cnivae land in this locality, and I m-ticed many stack, of h.ay, containing frmn one to two tons each upon .tugos. under whieli the water would of course run when the lands one to two tons uicn up. " " = • _^ , ^. lUun-wiek. There is a very fine market- ;K<:7;^"iritv 4 ot^V2;;Ct,'.;'ldd; iJSt^b it was suppHedwith bcef/;nntto„.poH.. poultry a d i sh in .abundance, be.id.s gan.e.nd vegetables, (.'uarters of lanib ht for any table W s ellin ' at (1 cents per lb. Ne'.v Jbunswiek is famed for the flavour of its mutton The Wis 11 ^sogo,,d, being rather tough, alth.mgh I camiot see any reason why bee should not be lasel in New Brunswick, and other parts of Canada, e,p,a! to any in •'■'•^^'."' ;„^.^ ?,.'^ ^ w",s nearly totallv destroyed by a (ire in 1877, but the greater proportion of it is now built up iu-ui\ and is a strikiiK' evidence of the energy of the people. , j -.i n • i Cl an introduction to the American Consul at St. John, who wa, verypleased with the poiintw iind hill an intention of buving some land in the province. NVhil at it John we took a trip up the Grand lliver to Fredericton. We p-asscd a large extent of' the rieli intervale lands whieh receive the ov«rlknv of the river every spring, and con- ~nt ■ g.t 1 e benelit of the rich alluvial deposit which it left behind _ The uplands too are ve, V V tile principallv of sandy loam. I noticed several farm-houses wlrch had a good appear- ance a 1 t i ' a'ed that apple-, pear, and plum tives are being extensiveiy cul ivated. larnis, whbdhv;., fencings, et^.c.:,J be' purchase,! very cheaply, and at iu:iees whu.. would seem ■idiculouslv i ,w in this countrv, namel ;, from 1^^ to 10 ,lollars per acre (rem £4 to £S). While at Frider'eton wo IkuI the p.' .isure of an introduction to tne Lieutenant-Governor °' 'Kad'r;wo£lt^tf^d;iS"a-- to Gibsontown. Wc saw Mr. Gil.on (after whom the Li s au\ d), who is the pi^prietor of lar;;-e saw-niiUs situated on a r-ver which iloWH i to the St John. This gentleman is a self-made m.an, like many others I met As the s inc. is he n se om nolhb.g. Now he has a splendid house for his own use, another for Ins soi vad'a lit e av off .are"lwcl!ings for his foremen and clerks, and cottages for us work^ men slvn-iu-' that he does not forget his employes in his own sueee.s. A new gnst-mill has ust be 1 e eited whiehis turning r,ut large .,uantities of Hour every day. Mr. <;> •«'» l';^;' ;-'«;' ■re'tedachurchat his own expense. Mr. Gibson started work with no capital but an axe, and has "up f.'ona an on! n.ary workman to his present p.sltion. To give an idea of his wealth and to show wl,at may be done in the country, I was told he recently sold his u.tercst ii. the New Brunswick Kailwav for 800,000 dollars, or illbO.OUO. -rom th "^ce we took the train to the Oand Falls, passing many nice farms, and at timeB throutd dense forests. There w,u. an agrieulti.ral show the day before we reached there, but the £ rdetained the productions'until our arrival in order that we -'f >t ^-^^o to orm L„ id;^i of the exhibits. I cannot speak in disadvantageous terms of any ''f "^» ^ V^" *" ;;'^ HO trood. I was especially struck with the enormous size of the vegetables, paitiuilaily the pot.'^to:!, and cabbale. I also noticed some specimens of blankets, ^C woven 1^'^';'^^;^™ - wives and dau^ditevs ; and the butter 1 s.aw was also exceedingly good. While at the Or.nd Falls we visited the new Danish settlement, about twelve miles dis ant. ^fZw hS their little show, too, on the day of our visit ; but it was -^^^V P^^' '^VcJ"! Fach These people settled here some years ago, most of ^'''-'"^^Vi ' '^ ^ M n 1 Whert it timW familv or adult obtained a Government grant of 100 .acres of tins forest land When he timber is cleared they plant .and grow their cr.,ps between the stumps, anu the soil being a iich sandy Wm 1^1 vewlltile, givli^ excellent cr.'.ps. The cattle on ^l^^^ -ere tied o the .^tu^^^ trees and the sheen and pigs in peculiar sort of pens. Insi.lo the shed which had bten put up were ex b of pro luce. The exhibitors were continually calling me aside to look at the wheat Iriev oats carrots, and cucumbers, some of which were six feet lonp, and many kinds of S ett^ble nmiro V In fact, thev seemed verv pnaid of their exluhition, .and considering the way 1 w Sthi 1-d started, mul the ground they had ^^^V""' ^Tt^ "^Nvoo/rck it must \se L this farm, but good barn accommodation. I was told ,t was to be Hol.l at a very low price, but I did not ascertam the hgure. We wentVn to St. John, and thence started for Sussex, on October 25th. It was rather col.l, l,ut the weather was brilliant. Nearin.r Rothsay we came in view of the nver K«n->ebeca.H^ wWch the preat oarsman Eenforth died a few years a;;.;. It is a noble river, a.id has great f oiHtk^s for NacltiuK. bo.-vting, and the like. Upon the pictuies,,ue hills which line its banks ■ e many P^^ resideitles and rich intervale lands. While at Susse. we visited Mr^ Alton's farm • he h■^a 30 cows in milk. We also saw Mr. McMon.kalo's Ayrshirgs. He has ;^ Ihie mie.ye'ar old Jersey bull, and .-v stud of 22 horses. We also inspected the farms of ''1;^^Cut:n^otSm:t£;gh the Tamramar Marsh It is about nine miles h,ngl^ four Idles wide and there are other.s'adjo;ning it. The land onus very rich pasture and yields n me le cro s of hav, and seemed to be'well adapted for grazing purpa^es. Ihe value of these ands(and I do . ot tl ink I have suen better in Canada) varies from oO to I.IO collars per acre. At Fort C^.mbeXnd we inspected Mr. Ettcr's farm, in Westmoreland parish Wc were shown fpair of stTeis bml fiou. the Governmont-imported bull ' Barrington '; they weighed about .t!^rs in one herd and said he was going to buy 40 more for winter gra/.iiig. While ,n this nSb<^^hood we went to see Mr. Woodman's farm. Mr. Woodman isalso one of the larges totrTerchanU in the country, but is also a practical farmer. His piggenes were very well ^""wTSA'^II: oui w:;t'SE and took passage for homo on board the steam-ship ^foraviat^Ahc Allan Line. The trip was a very enjoyable one, the accommedation being excellent. co!»cr.vsios. In coneluding my report I wish to say that from my experience and from what I was told on cood authority, the climate of Canada is hotter in summer and colder m winter than that of ] nMand Th^ people seem to be very healthy and temperate in their habits, and I consider the c mate to be a very suitable one for Englishmen. The inducements to a British farmer to set le in Canada are far greater than they used to be for they need not now go through the hardship of clearing the forest, as improved farms can be bought at such moderate prices, ior those who wish to make their own farms, free-grant lands can still be obtained in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and the North- West Territories. Government lands can also be boucht in these districts for small sums. The number of farms for sale is accounted for by the fact that most of the owners obtained the land practically for nothing, and by hard work have made them to be of considerable value ; and they think there is a better chance o providing a competency for themselves and a good income for their sons m the fertile prov.nees of Manitoba and the North- West Territories, which are now being opened up. It may be said that the same thine will apply to the British farmer also : but it seems to me that Canadian fanners are more suited for pioneer life than Englishmen and the latter, in taking up lands m the older provinces, will find the life more like that thev have been accustomed to, and they are suited to bring the soil into a proT)cr state of cultivation which has in many cases been neglected. _ I saw some exceedingly tine cattle in Canada, and some have fetched very high prices, par- ticularly tho.se raised in the province of Quebec by Mr. Cochrane, and those from the Bow Park Farm at Brantford, Ontario. The cattle trade is becoming a very important one m the older provinces of Canada, and if proper care ia taken in improving the stock-and this appears to be iecoiving attention— I see no reason wiiy she, with her large extent of land, should not step into the front rank as a cattle-exporting country. , , , , j.- ,. • i •, My impression is that a farmer, wittowilling sons and daughters, wanting to improve his position, could make more in Canada iiiTwo or three yeai-s than he would all his lifetime under tlie present state of things in England. I do not mean to say he would get rich, hut he would be able to live comfortably and get something that is valued quite as much, t.e., independence. He would provide a home for his wife and family that is not likely to be taken away from them, and there is no question of r.aising rents or tithes. What I have s.aid applies, of course, more particularly to the older provinces. Manitoba and the North-West I have not seen, and I leave liny remarks on that district to my fellow-delegates. ^ , , Large quantities of cheese, butter, cattle, cereals, fniits, and eggs are being exported, and my reader will have noticed the quantity of honey one man ha.3 been able to sell. ; which (;i'ow thelO. sale, nbout 9 miles 1 ptistures, some of it is intervale laiul. 18 told it was to bo It was rather cold, river Ken-iebccassL-f, river, and has {jreat vhich line its banks isex we visited Mr. Ayr.-ihirgs. lie has pccted the farms of t nine miles long by h pasture and yields The value of these ITiO dollars per acre. ,h. We were shown they weighed about has about 350 acres icted to havo 10,000 apital three-year-old ;ing. While in this Iso one of the largest jories were very well loard the steam-ship ccommodation being n what 1 was told on 1 winter than that of ts, and I consider the a a Uritish farmer to ; now go through the loderate prices. For d in Ontario, Quebec, :nt lands can also be sale is accoimted for ng, and by hard work ;r chance of providing jrovinces of Manitoba be said that the same ian fanners are more in the older provinces, re suited to bring the ;ted. very high prices, par- se from the IJow Park rtant one in the older and this appears to be i, 8bould not step into inting to improve his . all his lifetime under ret rich, but he would 3h, i.e., independence, vken away from them, ipHfis, of course, more } not seen, and I leave ! being exported, and to sell. Mr. Jcfsr Ffpdrrou-'^ H'/iinf. 105 Canada c,u, truly ^^^^toj,o a c^.n^O^ o^peace a.d V^^^^-:;^^: ]::^.^::,Z !-;^S:r i^!^W:;:.Knt^^a ^t ext Jf of .and, ^^1,^-^ -'hold ^0,000,000 of people. There can ^^ "°,'^"7,*,,^*'^f^,^^^^^^^^^ su.cee.led under the circumstances ; but it shows tit\irsTircSa{:re .:;; a^cU^hi'S dtate cnu,. be injurious in its e.fcct upon the agri- culture of the cm"'t'>-- conclude my report wii;> an extract from an account ot a tour m.yle thrJu^h' cli some tl'irV-one it^a^ol and whicl. has h. part been fulfilled, and is beiu, '""''Vco.narr2'\ua.Sent. a soil so prolific, w.atcr couununication so abundant and a pc-nplc, V r,. wl .'" veins liitish blood (lows, and who are iu the possession of the principles, dm and la Tof j'""j^lan.l safely planted in their soil, nmst rise to S'eutuess a.y^ power. W CC^e our totiti^ions, and our religion will prevail. A «i .hty empire wil rise 1^;, InrlhXith knowle.lge and possessed of all the appliances of political power ami weal h ^\ e • w\;.,n w .11 t ev are our ihiUlren, an.l in all future time an.l coutin-onc.ts they will be n,u briren VliJy Si can; out .nd pVrpetuato all that is valuable in our system, and plant Old El gland on a now soil.' 'i TJIE 1:EP0UT of mi;. OEor.GE r.RODERlCK, ■ = t Of Ilaiijcs, WentilrijJalr, Yorkulure. ' On Tiio,-ii!:iy (.'vouir.t;- ut tho T.iiiiil Scho.il it'iimi, 1 ra\vc.=i, a crowilud iiU'otini^ wna held to rec'"ivo ii rfji'i-t ficiin Mr. DiMiloiiok, in ic;,:ud tn thu vi-^it ho ]):uil to Canachi, ;is tho delegate of llic fiiMiieiii of Wcnslevda'iO, to iiniuiiu into the snitiibility of tho Dominion for emigration. Tho 111. liter is one of alj.'iorbing moment, as was shown by the extromo interest evinced on Tiic^ilay ni-l,'t. ' Aiuongst the audience were a Iar;,'o nnmlicr of young men, who perhaps considered the occasion as concerning th 'ni ci|nally as nineh as tho f:'.nners, and rapt attention was i.ifiwn tlirougliout to tlio remarks of Mr. Broderick. \iU nput goes into minute details, which are ve.i-y Viilu.dile indeed to all tho.,e who canncjt make headway in the mother country, while agri- cuitiirists of all clashes will i:,lean information of a very serviceable character by a perULal of the report, which We proihice til I'.rli ;/'"0. 'The chair was taken Viy Mr. ^V'illis, who in the c nu'-fc of the evening took occision to refer to the (pu-.tiiin of i mignition. They would lie, he felt us-ur.d, Ihoroughlv grati'fid to Mr. IjroiKi'ieU for the |iains ho had ltd,, ti in j^dviiig Iheui coirf ct infnvmalion in regard to emigration. Cerlaiidy all wnuid feel that fal .ilieati'in was given to the Malihn-ian theoiy that the world is ovei'-pop.d.iled, and woiiid lie convinced, ho mielit almost say, t'lat there was no danger ot this over-]"'pulatiun-of-the- world theoi-y lieiiig corroliorated by fa''ts for thousands of years to come, while there were such large traeLs of cNCellent land in Canada and other parts of the world to fall back nj)un. Jfe had li;id some little conver.-ation v.ilh ?dr. Briuleriek liefore they entered th:-.t roem. and had a.^kod that g( ntleman whethei' he was Kati-lied with what he had seen, and the reply was tiial he was i'..'ri\etly .'^ati-f.-d with the country he liad visited, and was well ])li\ased at the coiu'se that had l.ieeii taken to secure imbiassed iufoiuiation. Lord Bolton's agent had a!:;o been out, and had gone over some of the ]iarts of the country travelled by Mr. IJroderick, and he said, " If you ha\e a, good situation in I'jnglaud, a cumfortable farm, and are doing well, 1 would not advise you to go ; but if pt-opde cannot get on iu Kngland, there is a very good prospect of doing well there." JSfr. (Ir.diame, the represeiitiitive of the Canadi.an Government at Ciasgow, Wuuld always be glad to give infornuition to any one inclined to emigrate, and he (the chairman) would conclude by s.aying, "Look at the pr.pulation we have in I'-ngland, and the way in which peo]ile have to stiuggle to get on, while there is an txce'deni opening in Canada fernien of spirit and enterprise, with a strong right arm and willing to work." — JJurluijtoH nnd Slorlion Tiinvf, IJecember •!'', IfcSO. Mr. I'mderick, who was received with immense cheering, then said : — I have come to tho most difHcult part of the task I undertook some live or six months ago, when you ajiiiointed mo yotir delegate to go out and view the Dondnii.n of Can.ada, and draw up an unbiassed report upon its fitness as a Held for emigration. Before entering on my leport, I wLsh Id to bo undcr- Btood that I am reporting solely on liehalf of your, ehes and the British faimers generally, and not, as may possibly be imagined by sonie, for and in the interests of the Canadian tJovermnent or people. That (lovernment invited the English farmers to send out delegates from among them- selves to report for their own benefit and intere:-cs, and as sueh I have understood my mission. I may further state that there was no attempt on the part, of the tjiovernment to inliMeiice my judgment. On the contrr.ry, I was allowed the freeitt choite of the parts I should visit, and I just went where I liked. I uu be this stattniont because T have seen the Government accused by detractors of Canada f.f showing the delegates only the lx.st parts and the snug side of everything. On account of the short time and spaco at my (lisjiosal in which to deal with so laiie a subject, J .shall endeavour, as far as pos,ible, to drop all personal narrative, and to disniiss description of the kind and hospitable manner in uhich I wai eVi.rywheie received and treaieil, as irielevanO to the object of my repi>rt. I shall describe (everything as near as I. can, just as I saw it, good or bad. I sailed from Livcrpuol on a beautiful evening, the l!2ud ot July, in tiie good H\i\\t >iana(itian. KRICK, : wna held to rec"ivo i tho dL'le(,'ate of llic r oniigratiim. The evinced on Tucsilay hnpa considered the ttetitinn was Mfivcix ie details, vhieli are CdUiilrv, whilo aj;Ti- r by a pe niLal of the ok occasion to rcfor dv !;rati'fid to Mr. vj^nril til c'lni^ratioii. I'ory tluit tho world 0 was no diui;,'or ot >ii-v.ng day. The scenery alomr tho banks of the St. Lawrence up to Quebec is very fiue in places, but there is not much SSandra preat deal being hilly, roeky, and covered with sn.all wood, mostly hr. Vo &d»tthe'historicandni.lnre»queOityof Quebec on tho nist, an.l on the 2nd c August tiokt'io train on the (Iran- Tmnk Hailw.w for Ottawa. On our way from Quebec to ll.ohmond cTn the south o? the St. Lawrence wo pas,cKl a gre..t de.d of very mddiereut land, coinpo ed mostly of a thin soil on a llght-col.a.red Handy subsoil, wooded with .n.all spruce, la>ch etc., wHh a good deal of scrubby underwood and a great abuu.lance of wild raspbenies. I did not Teo much rttleinent till we passe.1 Kiohmoud, between which plneo ami M.utrea the land i.s Bom' what beth' '. It is owned and cultivated by a ].-rench populaUon. ^^ e arrived at Montreal about ei'ht in the evening, and started n-^ain at ten o clock tor Ottawa. . , •* ^ i Ottawa is the capital of the Donuni.m and tho se.at of government. It is a nicely situated city mUly built of brick and stone. It is surroun.led by a fairly good agricultural country and' there are imn and phosphate mines in the vicinity. At Ottawa the delegates all met M Lowo the .secretary of the Department of Agriculture and . was there arrange. thatM. ^agar and Mr. Curtis shoul.l stay in Ontari,., and that Mr. Irvine, Mr. Anderson and mysel sl^mk go ,m to MauitoV,a and the North-West Territories, which we did My report wU theXv refer mostiv to that p.rt of the country, as I spent the larger part of my time here Wo arranged to go by ,.teimlx,at through tho lakes, but on arriving at Toronto wo f und that we hada day nr two to wait, ho we Idled in tho time by going to Niag.ira falls The h mil a go.,d way along tho north shore of Lake llnron is se tied, and is, I should say fail -,.d laud, but we could n.,t see much of it. At the north end there are a great many I'nl .m.e of th^ni verv prettv, mostly wooded. We passed from Lake Huron through i e Kiver St Marie passing the rapids into Lake Superior. The north shore of this lake pro- nts a hillocky ap,.elrauce: not very high, but rocky, and almost dev..id " «- O-j --"seem^s small nine-wood which appears to grow in the crevices of the rock. Phis class of cuuntry seems rinev^rn^ the entie length of the lake except around Thunder May. where the hills are mueh h 'her, b'.t still roeky and wooded. In Thunder Bay we ca led at Prince Arthur 8 Lmulingra I nail toun,, and Fort William, the terminus of the Canadi.an Pacihc Railway now Tn J oc^s of coustructic'.n. There is some fair land about here, and there seenis »»;r prospect of a town growing up. as it is tho nearest shij.iang port to W innipeg on the now railway. We n^^rfved at Duluth, an American town at the extreme western pomt «f Lake Superior, and took the train th.at evening on the Northern Pacific Hallway. It was a mild warm evening, and before da"k we pass,.,f some very tine and rugged scenery, through piue-c ad valleys, over S^tcraking wooden bridges, and roeky streams, the rocks set on edge >"' got fairly out upon tho rrdrL> Lo k where I wo,dd, there was nothing but an almost track ess extent of land almost as flat as a sea stretchin-' away to the horizon, which formed a true circle all round us There were a few settlements sc.attered all along: fields of con. and patches of ploughing without fences rouTd the r Oeca fon:d y we crossed a sluggish <.reek, its course marked out by a wnding belt ofTees s etching aw.ay into the distance. I was told that we were ,i. the Hed lUver VaUev, and the St.ate of Minnesota. The railway runs in a straight line, and .s fonned by cvntin" a ditch on either side ; the soil from the ditches is thrown into t'.o middle, and on il arc laid the sleepers and rails. The ditches show a section of the soil, w"iich although o good quality, is not cp.al to that of Manitoba. During the whole of hat dav we tri veUed over this unbr,.ken Hat. At night the sun set red in the west, and «eemed to s^nk below us bef..re it disappeared, and we appeare.l to be on the highest part of the land though b.rea-aty it was cpiiVe flat. We arrived at f'>t. 13oniface about eleven o'clock at night. and Crossed the Ked River by ferry to Winnipeg. , , , , ;.„ jt U situated at tho The next day I devoted to an inspection of that now world-f.amed city. It is situate I at tno junction^ the Assiniboinn River with the Red Paver. Ten years ag,. there were on y a few 1 nd ed people sonatted on the place ; now its inhabitants number ten or twelve th'ms.i^d J n 1 r eoes on as fast as it is doing at present, it pn.mises fairly to bee.ime a second Chicago be ore !on^ There are many very fine brick and stone buildings, and private houses A g Z. ry"fn, and will n iuiiueiisu tract of and is likely to be for vailway to Cross Lake a good distance the right into the barren :re are patches of fair 1 of timber, and, it is ig waggon, driver, and irtage road along the : of about thirty miles : black loam on a clay tersect it. After this it ; and from there to the best land I saw. . It is mostly pretty We called and looked bout eight years ago. ht it. He grew the u'ld has not yet been IS wheat has averaged d with the high culti- g 40 bushels of wheat d when he first came, ixtail) will stand the ; Bumside, where we siniboine, next in size McICenzie has some 1 summer and prairie many as 200 cattle at fat bullocks thiit had ids me to a description '^alley was that it was oks rather short, but »e amongat it. There leadow full of butter- eople mow it for hay [)ff drier land, and in md s west of WinniiH^g, and crossing some swamp li.nd, full Tf pond an will. w scrub, and poplar, and over a bad road, wc .'ame to an abrupt rise, r^rrnt g everj "ppearanc^ of a sea beaeh. some 60 to 100 feet high; behind and lunnhM, rral"el with this, s a Mt of sand-hills, irregular in form, supporting very 1. tie grass but '^Hh a f Jw stnnte. oaks and pine, often half burnt through by F'"' ■•,•."■-•. 1" 'l^ ^'l^^^^^ lM.twt«n these hills are occasional bits of good land covered witli poplar, birch, hazel, etc. There iTe arj numlLr of hazel-nuts, wild cherries, wild rasps, and strawberries in h«.r-^''>'. Among the bni«hwo.Kl wild hops and clematis twine in givat profusion. <>" one of the.« patches Ml. Snow, a son of one of the delegates who went out la-t yeai, has settled. , , , „i. ii:>"md this we crosse.1 wlut is known as the I«g I'lain. It is of more or less sandy black s..il s.m"rrting very little grass; it is ratli.r too dry, I should si.y, though it grows fair good ..ps or::Cand Ls. lM.ere U hero a good .leal of free-giant land n,vt taken up yet A tor crossing some foitv miles of this plain we came to what ''' 1>''''^^'\'V^ '"v'^;'"' '?,,*,^: ' ul, ,1^ any point of whieli can be had an extensive view ; it presents a kind of tuiiiulUio ,s, bilhnvj apLaranc." In s,.me places it is very hiUoeky and irregular. In others it is formed of gently X^iig hills and hollows, ranging from a few hundred yards to several miles m extent, very 1 ke slune of ilie midland counties of Kngland ; but through all its unevenncss it maint..ins a kind ..t ''"■"TlmScular part to which I am now referring, tliat between the Rig Plain ,-ind the Little Saskatchewan River, about thirty miles across, is broken by an ""'"^"■'t' ''""^'i'-^'l^V" ;^^ ;..,nn could scarcely get a mile section without half a dozen pon.ls on it. 1 he ridges arc genei.,11. ricrbl^k iLu, supporting f..irly good gr.-iss ; the '';•'''-"^r,•''''''^^^':^;ra^n l±\h nonds which could Lenerally be drained one into another. I l>elieve a single /"'-- e'v>"K the c.iuntrv a park-like appe.ar.inco. On the ponds are almost innumerable wild-.lucks. 1 have smetVLes counted on mall p.mds two or three hundre.l, an.l T coui.l scarcely ever look up w.tl.^ orsecTng some in the air. They are generally very tame, and 1 could have shot scores out of our wacifon as we went along. . . , , i i i ... We next came to Miunedosa, a small place consisting of a few log-houses an.l stores, a st.^.- ping-house, a blacksmith's sli.ip, and a saw an.l grist mill. It is about a year ol.l. If the 1 ..eil.c Kailwav passes thr..ugh it, .%s its people hope, it may become a big t..wn. Ihere is a rival town called Odaiiah .about a mile off. i i i!,.„ i .,„i From here we i,as,„.d some fairly go.xl lan.l .and pastures, then s.ime widely undulating laud, till wc came to Little Shoal Lakes where we stayed all night. ,. Our road p.issed through a shallow corner of the lake, ..ut of which .a policeman wa>. puU.ng large jack fish with a verv rude lishing-rod. Around Shoal Lake there is some very good land, though rather broken by p-nds and marshes. The scenery is very pntty and pavkhke. Fr.m. here wo went west again ..ver some veryg.Hui lan.l to lJortle,.u. the Bird T.a.lCre..k. a young town in a r.ather deep vallry. but surrounded by very go.ul land, of which most of th.i best fi^-grant sections were taken up last summer. I saw here a cat le-dealer who h.a.l ab.,u ei 'hty cattle for sale. He had nine pure-biv.! Galloways, a y.mng bull, and eight cows and heifers, for which he ask.;d tl to. He was seUing cows at about ilO ea<3li. We next went forwar.l t.. Ko. t Ellice, a Hudson's Bay Cnipany station, on the Assiniboino Valley, about iM miles west of Winnipeg. It is about the hea.l ..f navig it.on on the Assinihoine River The valley is here about iiOO feet deep, a »nile an.l a half or tw.. miles .across ; the sicle.s are stMp, the b..ttom flat an.l very fertile, but apt to hv. wet There is n., rock m P"^^*^^«'"" "' the sides • the full depth seems to be cut thn.ugh a be.l of glacial drift cunposed ni..stly of r'umied gr.a'.L bmldlrs an.l gravelly day. Tli. country all the way from Winnipeg is thinly settled ami there is a gooil de.il of free-grant hind not taken up. , ,r t% We t^Jok a .hive with Mr. McDonakCthe chief factor of the fort, to the farm of Mr. D.awson, a few miles to the north. Mr. Dawson went out from Lincolnshire last year ; he has taken up two mile secti.ms ..f land, ..r 12,S0 acres, and splen.lid land it is. It is hue friable bl.ack oa.i two or three feet thick, g.mtly undulating, an.l there is a great dea of ^^'^'f tar-^-^ <'r v^tehw am..ng the >'ra«s which makes splendid f.^ed. We went back to 1' ..rt Llhce, an.l there met Mi. Marcus Smith, the chief survey.lr of the Paciflc Railway. He has '•-'" «>x or eight tunes acr..KS to the Pacific Coast, and .lescrihes the land as being very fertile ne.-.rlv all the way. and fV^'-^^^^ in the n.irth and Peace River district. The climate, he says, is much milder toward? the %V est Coast. Snow seldom lies long in the \\ inter. 1 110 Mr. (lorije Dvodrlih'A fiipurt. From Fort Klllce wo went imrth t<> tho Shi'll liivi r, a trilmtary of tlio AsHiiiilminc. Th. liiii.l nil the wny mtor wu lufl tlio liiiiikrt of the AHsiiiil)iiiiii! Viill.'y in V( ry K""*'- 'J"'"'''' '" ^'''' * fiiio niaHH iiiid n ^vvnt dt.ul «>f wild tiiicH nil the way. 'J'huio wum an ulmijsl coiiliniial (li)WiiiM«ir of ruin nil thu day, md it wiw boniiinini; to get diirk when wo cnniu u\m\ tho canip iif Air. Uifoumtinu's company of Innd-siirvi^yor.s, nenr ft Hniall ntrfani, ho wo pituhcd our tout Inside them. The ro.'k had sui>l"'i- rciidy for thcni, and th.-y pi'Wt iitly made their ai'iicaranco, nil druiichod. Mr. Hifonstine usUod unto havo Hii]i|Kr \\ itli tlu^ni, mid 1 tjot, mouk! of «hi) Ijoi>1 wiup 1 think I evor tasted. Tiioy dL-tcribed tlio land to Iho north a.s oxcoUont, and naid ihoy had boon anion- wild taruH that day tliionnh which it was dimoult to walk. Al)out tifty ianiilios sottlcd there lant ."prinx, lli-n-li il in not yot mirvovid. TIiIh traot of land which may bo dswcribod U!i IviiiK betwoon thu A.srtinil)oino, tho Shell Uivi r, and tho llird Tail (jp ok, in im tho whol. e.xtruiuily ;;oid. It is of rich lihick loiini, from one to throe foot thick, and Konorally dry, but with oooat'loiial poiidts. Thoro in a fair amount of popl.M-wood ^cattorl■d about, mllicient fcjr fuc 1 and buildiii),' purpo.4laco was Itipid City, a thriving young town about two yoarn old, on tho little Kivskatohewaii, lower dov.n than Miniuidosa and Ddaiiah. There is good lanil all around, but rather broken. Mo.-st of the froo grants aro taken up. We next cro.s.sod the AsMniboino . liivcr at tho Kajiids, through tirand \ idlev. a tract of good land south went of the river, and liaK.sod the I'.randon Hills - some low wooilo.l bills, but which cr.n be soon fn.in a great distance. M'o wont onto Millfoid, a small pl.io" on tho Souris River, a rivt^r that runs from the south west to the Assiniboino, then up the south side of the Hoiiris, and called o.i Messrs. (Jalondar and •Koed, two young gentlemen from K.liuli'.ugh, with whom Mr. Inirie was acipiainted. They havo taken" a]i some good land on Oak Crook. Fioiii there wo went forward over some uneven hilly connliv, and pa.st some very pretty lakes till we caino to L.-uig's Valley. It is along deepish valioy withtlat bottom, but not veiy much good land in it. There is only one sottlonuiit, that of ISlr. LauL', after whom it is named. Ininiodiately south of this valley is some very good land. Wo left the trail .ind went west over tho trackle.-s prairie on tho Sourij I'lain. This country, as its name implies, is verv level, and there is a largo .luantity of good land. 1 reincmber one piece belw(;en two creek.s, a litlle beyond Lang's Valioy, .some six or eight miles scpiare, or twenty or thirty thousand acres— good sui'i supporting good meadow-grass nearly knoo-doep, and the whole of itmieht have boon mov.n with a maohino— or machines, I sh(mld say, .as one machine would havo boon worn out long Utoro it conld havo got through it all. Tho grass here is more like our coarser moailow-grasses without many flowers, or weeds as thoy are called out there. After going w.st into the lieiid of tho Siuiris, we turned south to tho Turtle Mountains, and crossed ail immoiiso trooliss plain of variable laud. 1 noticed tlie deserted tracks of the buffalo worn deep in the soil bv tho foot of many generations of these bovine animals. The granite boulders, too, were polished on the corners by the bulValoes rul)bing thoniselves, and there is a trench around tlioin, worn bv the tramping nS their feet. The biilfaloes are nearly killed out now, and their bone ; are plentifully scattered over the phdns. Before we reached the TurtU J MiMi'ntaiiis we crossed an imnienso marsh, which surnuinds White L.ake at the foot of that hill. Th(' Turtle Mountain is a luiig, gently .sloping ridge rather than a mouutain, but it can be seen a long way over the plains, 'i'hore is so;no very good land on the .slopes, and some good wood on the top. "a great ma.nv settlers have gone into this district during the summer. From here we wont east bv a trail lunning a little north of the United States boundary ; we passed through th\\\ Enjiland, Ho w the Indian lie«erv(H. ThcioliL and I accented an Invitation from tho mayor Mr. Imrie left next day to «"/>' ^;7» ^" .^'V^ ' ,' i;^^^!, ;,„d Mr. W.lk.r, to go with a „f Winnipeg and the preiiiier o the l''''^'"^^'^. ';'.;, i,,„,',,f- the ra.ifie Itailwny. Our party .hnotingUty to .Nleadow Lea the hell we, ein t,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ hudanpecial train placed at Us .lispu.al, ;'»"''^ '^'l ^ ' , f.,i,'',p„rt. On the way the road the courtesy of Mr. Uyan, the '■•"""■''f';,,,^^ ,' ,, 1 „,t Mr. (•■••.vlard, who went c osses some good ,lry land and a f •-;',' ..''t,';,, .boiit eight y,:ns. He considcrn out from Cornwall, England -"■ V'^^; 'j' ,^ ', ' ' 't^^ 1 he summer, and put it down n pails ; that catile-f^irmiMg pays best. \1^ ''X,' ; \ " it' ,,,f,„.eh,.nd for Is. Old. per lb. Not so bad he was taking it to \N inn.pe. where he ad s I ^ ^^^^ ,,,^, , „^, ,,, I thought, where good laud ca o ad ■ ,.f„, i ,,,,, „„t time hero to go into a t^Z i£:; lit! sS'u:;t K^K^i I.ut ro.wa.d at the rate of nearly a nn.e a day with comparatively few men. Without nianure-vms i ,iuiw oeiievuo, .... ;r',,;rj,K.,.aUs sprke last yea.-, showed me a field Mr.McBeth. a genUeni.an of ^''V'" ^;f,^',,.'"^tl which sUl cMiUiuu d p.oduetive, b« ho otf which he had taken r-O crops wuli. . t '^^^^^^^^^ Ur.t. Ho ^aid he oi.ce rcpod 4$ admitted that it would not :,'>o^. Uie uci* 1^ bushels of wheat per acre oil his f.i.n. ,. , , 4_i,,,„„i,K,red the V.cd Kivcr land the '"" ' f'"^; Tosumuptheii, liefoiel.aviugt.nsili.-tiici i' " ' ....,„«„,,.„.., ,.ne iv.nnot Verv .0.1 i-e .lone bv pii^ate i-livi;b,:ds. a., the Oov..n...^ a;^ 'llini^^^SVS: wlu dia nive works. AVI,, ,. th,. so. .s too wet Y'.' , 'h vo.ks u'ry li^^ht and friuble. I'.ut I must clean itself, but when it is in prop.^^ '^■"' '" " ^l^ an n.^r ei. ■!:h, it really camv.t be s V tl ■ t wh.m he land is dry, as it h alou- the "^-' :"'! "^", ,,,i„„ „f f,u-ming th.TO would ':ZX^U. production. . I •;;^'-':St;::^^:fl^ \;;riir^.ow.ver, ^dlen all th 1^ be little difFicultv in growing 10 ' > -^ ''(^''J^V , praiiie-s where you can J.ek l.xnd -.f "'1 ^^^^ consi.ler.:d I think 1 should r'V ;'^\'''' ,\\ ; u .' a , and ciui be worked in any k-ui "f ^"-^^^''^ »-" *- ^\S::^^ ^iS-Stll;: u", iiof ^Jtter .piality ^^ ^„^^ ""'■; K;:^- ar^w::;:^ ai tub .s tha.. a,, hun.ig.aut --^i-'j ;^;;:;;u l:;;. p.np.es.'^ tw^ ♦t„„,..h this is cenerallv onlv local, the water i.s »"-""';•" '.^ ^,.,„,,.,. ,,„„Is have dried that were I^nS?^ u^^ the lied Kivor ^•..llev. 1 l>^-,seei phv.^» , X fair water ca,. behad by ^r em^iUdwith alkali h.oking "'- ^""Y;^'^-,,,^'^,^ ^. go.^l spriup,.. Woc^is scarce 0"'.™ ™'- ,. ^ ---Ttwelv^^fc(t.UM;p,and...M..'K>pK.u^^^^ phu.is, but along tho nycrs :a;iU:^.:^mi„;onthenat,.al,.airi.u.^,a.Kl^ ;:! SSe:ja^S,^d tl^ idS..o tS i^..n v^> ^,0 1 ^-y-::^^r:;St^TL ' "^f ,;rr.:'e.,s,,i that this br.uich IS '^'^^l'^^''^""'-/,,, „, f„ ,,l,.u"hiru4, as it does not nnn^ ,1^ aii ml^^Uhout .rnicU oapU.l Tuey ^'^^^ .^^.^ l^eji... hovse. wonldp, y hoi.ies Used m most pavt'' ot J.n Jaiia lis Mr. (ir"ii/r Hr'ilir!'!.'* Ih jnfL \\\\ i-ivu v.'.n u list of nricoMof cnttlo «hich wbn provMcil n'u by Mr. rurt. a hor«c anr [leaWrof Winnim- : I'nir (jia.lo twn.yoivroM helfor-, from £4 to £5 cnch ; f»Ir Kra^i' contlnuo for a luny tin..j L. oinc, there will pruU.ibly lio ii htrontf d.-mand for horoo.«, which will kfop up thi.' pi icu. I will three year-old hriforn, .p.inR down, i;r, to iT ; cows m calf, or with calves ninnii.K with the ., Xti tr. £10 ; workiii',' oxen, il'io to inn per -i^in ; ffiir Kood horses, i20 to X.W each ; r<"«ii;»:i5 to Xl5-au.rft.;e al.ont ,tlO. iV.f i. worth IM. to .Id. per 11.. in the eareane ; mutton, abjMit r.d. rei lb. ; butter and rh."to /,. n, _ I „•„., „„.l l.onUaott nrr n iilllk fliin les ( eel) 111 and backsettinff ab(uit foui t is lies deep in pre-eui £1 or £1 three plouL'hins' the sod up two ini lus thick in the spijn,L,', - - . , the m.tuiiin if he is going in fur ploughing. If he is goinc! to rai.e catt e he will be building b. ds, Btackiu'- hav. etc. But when he has been on his farm three years, got a neat house and cnltle- sheds, with'a good stock or a lot of land under crop, he mav live very eoinfortably, and wil have no harder to xvoik than hero. His 160 acres of li.id that he got or a £2 fee, aivl his lt,0 aerc ntion that he got for ei-ht or ten shillings per acre, will in all probability bo worth tl 10- per acre, and thus ho will have made £320 or more, indejiemlont of his crops, in years Ills land is his own abiiolutclv, he has no runt to j.ay, and very light taxes. Aiuai'i with m,n-e capital, of course, can ,lo greater things. All this depends "po" *''« mail himself. If he is not prepared to face a few hardships and a little isolation at (list, ho will never like the North-West; but perhaps he would never like anywhere. _ A reui.isite iiuality to fit a man for emigr.ition to Canada is the power of adaptability to circumstances. Everything is a little different to what it is at home, and there arc inany new things to learn. The best idan for an imiuigr.aut is to make the acquaintance of a few old farmers, who will teach '""oli7*of'tL''w3'\ufficuUies the immigrant has to contend with at first is the bad roads which in spring are very soft, and in some places almost impassable ; but it must be borne m rnind that there are no highway rates, and that as the countiy gets settled arid divided into municipalities, the ro.ids are suio to be seen to-iiow it is nobody s business. There >" » S^^it difference of opinion as t<. which is the beet time of the year to go ; early spring would be the best but for the difficulty of trinait : but on the whole I think August is the best, at any rate for ^'^^ThVoccaTionTwiits of locusts is a thing that requires mentioning, but there were none when I was there, and there have not been for about five years, and the farmers who have expericucetl them do not appear to fear them much, as their ravages are generally only local, and at the worst are not near so bad as thev are in the Western States of America, their natural breeding-place. They are not at present troubled by the Colorado potato beetle, the weevil in wheat, and the pea beetle, which is found in the United State.s and Eastern Canada. The weather, while I w.-vs there, was very pleasant on the whole, though the settlers all said it was miusually wet for that season of the year. The air was generally very dry, and I never enjoyed better health in my life. I was told that the winter commences in November and ends fiboxit the middle of April or beginning of May ; it is generally continuous frost all .hrough, aivl J. 1 fi.r horso*, uli!--!) will Ml-. Turt, a hnrnc iml £5 t\-ich ; fttir ^farlo BH ruimiiiK with them, jC'HO I'.ich ; poiiii's .t'tj inuttiiii, iibfiiit r><|. thi' towtiH nt 2J(I, iHT 1.1 per acip, nccorilin:,' '11, rnrtagflnl'riiiric, inniith, with hoaiil all wipikn thpy pay Om, to H'h. per day. (IdoJ •1(1. ft shoe for Bhiiciiiy that good men have H pcncrally coiwiderud ti till! free-grant hindd, ;— they hava tnkru tip lavo worked for wiiijtN .•apital he can lay hold in farming, it can be r throo years. After ay live us comfortably •fjrant land, no riatter ce-<, and as t'leio is c cannot Ret anythinji!; oiui! to build, but thin t a native Caaadian or liuildiiu' lod hoiisL'.s, a ill a ■ <. The first lly in l^inff, that in lit foiu lie.s deop in : will 1)0 building phedg, neat houeo and c.illle- iforlably, and will hivvo 2 fee, and his IGO atro 1 probability bo worth eiulont of hi.-i crops, in .•iiid very light ta.\<>>,. his depends upon Mio le isolation at iii'Kt, hu lywhere. A re(|iii..iito ility to circumstances. y new things to learn, farmers, who will teach it first i.s the bad roads jut it must be l)orne in ettled and divided into ness. There is a great ly spring would be the he best, at any rate fur ; there wore none when who have experienced local, and at the worst latural breeding-place. 1 in wheat, and the pea igh the settlers idl said T very dry, and I never in November and ends 8 frost all ihroush, au'.l .'i/r. ( II 1)1 If' lln'ifcrirk'A J{ip<)il. ll.» ooc.inlonally reachen an cvtivnie d''','rro of cold. During' last wiiitrr, wlileh wan exceptionally Huvere, the Ihi rinomi.ter oiici' or twice pot il-wii to about 18' or fiiV below zero ; but I saw a re;{i.p-i, and will ripen tom.atoos. I find that I shall have to cut my mport much sh'>rtcr than [ had intended. I iiitonded to have gone into the details of sheip. breeding, which I Is'lieve might be made to pay r.xtrem'ly well. I might have spoken of the wild deer, the prairie eliicken.n, and immenne amount of game that I saw, ami have described the lleil Uiver carts, which are niaile of wood, witlioiit a particle of iron about them. 15ut I must proceed with my journey. I left Winnipeg on the "^th Sept , tA alniiit sovun o'clock in the morning ; and to give you some ide.-t of the vast extent of the lie I Uiver Valley, I travelled all that d ly and night, and well into thi- next in irniiig, (n almost a Htraight lino without noticing a rise of three feet all the way. I came by way of Ciiicago to Toronto In Ontario, where I stayed a few days. I visited Hamilton, lirantford, and the How Park farm ; there is Komu good Innil about there, which is nearly all cultivati'd. The land around ISrantfoi-d and Uow I'aik es]H;cially is good. The Chii'f feature of interest alxiiit Uow Park is the world-famed herd of shorthorns, about 300 in number. I think we hava as good cattle in England, any Mr. (Jrahum, the pre'-idciitof th(! Ilairy .Vtsoeiulion. They make some excellent eheose there, and it was selling ut 65s, per cwt. Mr, (iraham thoroughly understands cheese-making. They have Dairy Associations in Canada, and each factory sub- scribes a certain sum of money, augmented by a subsidy from Oovcrnmont, with which they engage men to study the procfss of cheenemaking, and go through the factories to give Instruc- tion. The factory at I'elleville is worked on the co-operative principle ; each farmer's milk is measured, and he receives a proportionate share of the profits of the cheese. The expenses of manufacturing amount to Jd, per 1' ., and the collection of the milk lays on another \A. per lb,, making the total cost Id. Chec.-making at 05s. pays very well. I next went on to Kingston, a town built principally of limest(me, at the lower end of Lake Ontario. From there I went by boat down the St. Lawrence to Montreal. T went this way for the purpose of seeing the Thousand Islands and the scenery of the river. The Thousand I.-dands are at the head "f the river or the foot of the lake . but their number is more like two or tliico thousand. Thi .ire mostly covered with trees, the foliage of which were in their bright autumn colours ; some •■! the smaller ii-lands looked like pots of (lowers set in the water. Some of them are rocky, and the effect was very exquihito as wo went winding amongst them. Montreal is a city of about 150,000 inhabitants. It has some very fine limestone residences and buildings. The V'iudsor Hotel is almost equal in finish to any in the world. One of the chief features of Montreal is Mount Royal, a high hill that st.ands up almost perpondioularly behind the town. From the top a view in every direction for 100 milos can be had ; it is a public park. I went on to Compton, in the Eastern Townships of Quebec. It is rather a pretty country, and there is some good land. I visited Senator Cix;hrane's farm, and saw his celebrated herd of shorthorns. He has some very good cattle. Ho has one cow the progeny of which has biought him jfc:20,000. Ho has some very good Shropshire Down sheep, and r.ays ne likes this breed of sheep the best of any he has tried. I noticed some good turnip^, and he says he can grow three tons of hay to the acre. I came back to Sherbrooku, still in the East.^in Townships. It is a prettily situated town, with some good residences. I was shown round by Lieuteii.ant-Coloncl Ibbotson. Good farms can be bmi«,ht in tho Kastern Townships at from i'l to jEC jier acre. I ne.xt went to Halifax, Nova Scotia. I visited the districts of Windsor, the Annapolis Valley, and the districts around Truro and Colchester. All these are large valleys, up the bottom of vi-hich the tide rises a long way. There has been a great deal of land reclaimed from the sea, which is known as d> kc land. It lies below high-water mark. The tide hivs been banked out. The soil is composed of a very fine reddish silt of indefinite thiekne:;„„ I Bailed from Quebec on the 6th November, and arrived at Liverpool on the 16th, haMUg been away nearly four months. . .,,..■ i. i u , , r, o,. I was not sick either wav, .ind I can assure you that crossing the Atlantic .s imt half so f ''■;;; the ship, the Sarmalkni, of the Allan Lino, mid T thought the accolumudation, the food, .uiU the treatment of the pas&cngcrs very good for the luoiuy. SIR. nnoiiKnicK on tanapa. ' I nni told th.it it was a most interosting gathering wliloli the oilier ni-ht n.scniMed at Hawes, crowding the lartjost room in the villnge, to hear the report of Mr. Lindeiiok. Tins gentleman, some months'ago, was i-.ppointed the delegate of the Weiisleydale farmers, to go and inspect Canada with a view of ascertaining its fitness for emigration. So many f.ilsphoods liavo been concocted and promulgated in regard to various parts of the Dominion, that the independent testimony of an able man like ISIr. Brodcrick should be extremely acceptable and valuable. Indeed, irrespective of opinion, the facts and figures embodied in the report (which this paper publishes) shoidd be carefully perused bv all interested in agriculture. TJic question is returning to public notice with great force. Ws are likely to have m.any comments upon it in the future, and any opportunity of increasing our store of information upon the subject should not bu neglected, especially when the weakness as well as the strength of the country is so ably dene.n- strated. The figures in regard to the value of stock, the price ' .' moat, wnges, etc., will surprise many of 'our humdrum tillers of the soil.'—DarUnfifon and t- oclUon Times, January 1, 1881. TllK KF.rORT OF MR. JOHN SAGAR, 0/ WiuhUwjhn, near Clithcroc, Lancashire. f f Atr ^n.rar of WaiUliiiirton, the gentleman who in May last went to CanaJa m farmers.'— P/e««OH Giianlian, December 18th, IbbO. Tri°Si:i'of"rhe^'anner?:fTf district held in Clithcroe, in May last, at the instance of th^So'^tSof^C^i, Ihad the honour of being ^ele^ted^a^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ *^?^rh7"rmC teUlrnXc^'mv'^^^^^^^ p"4!,rtS7 whicf^'l^not ihc'united SUte«f To account for this, several causes have ^"'r-rtirfiit Place many people have gone out to join their friends ; and I have heard it ,8 solarge, our paity had tobe^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^ ^j ^^^^^ 200,000 square nnle., puMiKhed with my own, so that anyone interested can obtain copies at the Canaoian uo%eiu •"'"T'n\w'nr>i;e!^'Vn"'hxM-ou my idea, about Ontar o. I may here say that I was allowed Pn- the c^VaS^lfs^^^i-of ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^Jl^tnTr^ir- e°n]«/— ^^ ^^^ '- "•^^'S :^t:^:T:^:^tu^:^. m ..1. bow Quebec, did not s.em to m. J .GAR, i.st went to Canada ai of farmers and others, tliure were about fifty •apes Lane, who, aftur t of which it treated. Rev. W. L. Roberts, raharae, Agent of the leeting concluded with legate of the Clithuroo !ay last, at the instance nir delegate to proceed lity for the settlement ition the circumstances i. For many years a i Ireland, the greater his, 8e\eral causes have 1 ; and I have heard it lassages of a very largo 1 of the idea that the 3 almost always wintry ere opened up recently, ;ate9 of America. But airios greater in u;:tent Americans themselves, ribe Canada— in which light before those who I farmers to visit the sition and capabilities, lei-sonally, as I did not fined our inspection to irts ; but as the country horoughly investigated ; Lit 200,000 square miles, :ratand that the reports 68 will be printed and ; the Canadian Govern- say that I was allowed ■iccution of my iiujuiries. o the Allan Royal Mail lays of the voyage being iccommodation on board every way an enjoyable rd. They neemcd to be bee, did not seeiti to mi .M'l: John Sn'jai'.i Hiiiorf. 117 to ])(i-!sc'SH any attraptiv (Jneb'-'C it a-ioiniiL.l a 1 althou-h I oniM oiily j • t.atuiLS for the cvo of the agriculturist, but about 30 uiiks from It r aiM.Laranco, ii'nd I should say there is some fair land there, 1.V thn view obtained from the deck of the steamer. Wc stajod nltliniiTh I CdUl' o'! V 111! "■.' hvtie View ouuuiieu uuiu mu nv^vi^ >-. „..«.. — .. — .. _^ - -.- Y fi Q ie ot.;; the S-^n^.y a.vl th.n went „.n to Montreal, the largest city >" the Domm.on witli a population of ab.i.t 150,000. It is picturesquely situated on an sland on the t^t. Lawrence, and at the b;uk of it rises INlount R.-yal, from which a beautiful view of the oily and he Hv T I obtaiu..l. I do not know a plnce <■( its size which contains so many hne busm.^s Mings ami h:uidson.o residences. The quays and wharves are considerably over a 'nde lo u. and L'reat ocean-Roing steamers of -1000 tons burden can be moored alongsi,le. I am to M that duriiV 1879, 289%teamers arrived at the port, and 323 sa ling vessels, and that dun,,., the present year the numbers have largely increased. Indeed, the people .are hoping tlv . whcn'^the present system .,f canals is enlargJd (tlie woric is now in oper.i lou) a large proiM^rtm, of L L^n^rand ^ther produce will find "its way from the Western states of America and of &«iar not only is tlie distance from Chicago to Mon «al less o> r,0 mi •Tthan fT-om Ch cam to New York, but there are Iti more locks and SO \ feet more l.Kia"ebv thTlaUer route Urm the former; and the distance from Montreal to Liverpool is MOmiles'less than from New York, which should mean cheaper transit. '° Wo we, t t!, Ottawa, the apital ol the Dominion, and saw Mr. }'-y'-^^^^\r^''^^ ° ,, \^ Deuartment of A.'riculture. After some conversation, it was decided that Mr. Curtis and 1 3d?e'^rt u;',n ()ntario. as l,efore stated; Mr. Broderlck of Wensleydalo, and Mr. Inirie nf (Jl.is.'ow (loin" Manitoba and tin; Nortll-West. Fn,m O a a 4 proceeded westward, and visited a large number of townships towns, II 111 vjiuiu.v , _ .. jj purpose to and villages in the dilTerent counties. I do nol think it will servo any good purpose t'l de■■ i U' J!-i 1' j^g ilfr. John Sagar's Report. wore very finoljin.".!^^^ be 275 lb, before they st-i. growing, ko ;r« !i.r.,S:t;r:'ihrLrtri%.-i Ml -nd., '„.>;.* a. .. much d.,»g« ... '^"^VVet:lTon:e"J4- rt^MflU^^^^^^^^ where we viewed his flock of South Dow^ Hhorthoin., with 'Driti^h Statesman,' ar> nnported bu U^ "M^l^u sel luasSOO ^ e. here anS ZtZ^^t^'^::i'X^^'^ lot of animal. Son. of the calve. ..ro very r'o f!:!^^^^s(^i^^£^l^^'^^ "f^ the Dn,nini.,n, whieh gives an idea o.' what can !::d",t:t"t£w:v;';fg;owiS roots m II m-ovince. I «haU have to mal-.e some ren.a^ks on tins subject later m : Cix^.,y,^n farmiiw which astonishes agriculturist.^ from the old country th. raising of fine root-crops for feeding ^atUe ^v, '1 l^^' - ''■■^'^'^'-^ '^^;„^.i ,^„,,,i g„ ^r beets. "™-M. i;. Stock, „, E'.*£,t'lr" r"sf cs.: ~&r"» sS*, TS'sr^ lo»g red mangels, one of ^^'' ^"^ ;;,Vl, '.:'.; , f Jl kh is ilS lb.; six swede turnips, two of "^^a^l^/SZ&y ^^f:^:^',:::;::^n:l^^ turnip, white and red carrot. Kt Mr. John 8ugai-\s Hipoii. 119 1 a mistaVe to Biipposo nn. By uniform kind- 1 horses. (linnoi. This farm is of the honne, in what t of tlie routs which he beet, etc, growing here nil fp-owth), mammoth ; they 8t(i> growing, ho t can be done in fancy iinary cultivation, gave ill my life. lU bred sow. He con- do grain crop is stowed it in 17 years' fai-ming ho had one year an orth of the honso, is i, which will not only io so much damage to k. hedge of wild apple- Gibson, a gg ^, rtrpumpL; SghinTar lU ; and. to cap ari. a mammoth s,uash, we.gh.ug *f5lw ;^S s^X:"i;>;i^o'u.;ups, wei,l>mg 10 lb. ^neco. Messr. George Le.ho :S„s. of Toronto Nurs^i;^ exhibit^-^nev^ "^^^TS^Ao the c.mtry. One of the During our stay at Hamilton >vt I ad ^l^erai j ca " ^ ^ j ; j j^ Cariock first places we visited was the -"eyard of Mr. 2^'"f^^^'*^;'=^tho pri^riotor. vLious kinds of Lodge-and -ore shown ove^ the mjadand^ ^P ^1 ,^^^ grapes weTo ^^'V'^^'' ' f^, *^^ .^v I had o idea that Canada was capable of growing the grapoto laden with fruit, and I must ^as \ ' f 4 " 'V'' ^,,„,t 4^ de-rees north. This does not pomt Huch per e=t ion -■-'j-;''i'\*J ;\\,i\^:J.: * X^^ that these grapes grow and ripen i« to the climate Ijoiog such a toi'iwi- aiiair wiiei. . remark also applies to the the opon air and are left unprotected '!"""« thentr. Aho^^"^';' ^^ travelling along fniit\rees apples and X^^y^' ::^^'Z^^i^ far better than the '^'^^?Sf -t visited Mr. Jardino. at Vin^V^e Farm^ where ^ fi-^^>;J^ J ^yrj;-^ were lot out for inspection, ami, t'^k.ng a n „a foi anm^^ ,^,,^^ ^^.j^^,^ ^^,.j find very few to equal it. Two or three of t e an ina s ^ e o e^p y ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ „f about forty arc-, with one ^^.^'^l'^^""' '^l^'^'^^'^^f/^.'^^'^^ .'^;Mr^'^^^^^^^ hophouse, and saw diiTerent fairs. After viewing the cattle we ^^ tit shown "_^^'. ^ '^ j „ ,, , i,„p.j,atlierer» some of the hops which were just ^^'-'i-' <="{;';Jj., .^f^^-^^^.X-t Mr 'jar^^ was ahead this year, ES' puS^l:^«e 1^ttt£TS^. last of this season's produce he harvested during the first week in August. bordorincr on I-ako Ontario, in the Burlington, the attractive feature be"^^ an extcn no culti at^^ n ot tim .^^^^ ^ _ I^d"^r,SS^e^i^^""£r$'st:okliflg;^ltc^^ The '-i^t^^^^:0?^%^:^ there was an orchard of ^°°KH:r^;i:cSS^o the farm. JM.^^^^ and one of the finest intli.s part o ^^"t'^""; .1*^'^"^^^ .nivhi-r at the farm, we were mot by Mr. nearly all tlio remainder being under *'^^';^"j J,^„."";;^'^ti;st inspected the stock, of which Fothergill i"Pf-«>^"'^^'''''fr,;f,J' ''s me 25 head of cattle wore shown, all thorough-brods, Mr. Futlicrgill has a fine => "fctum. Some ^;' "^^^ j, ;„ .tod animals. We were then mostly of the sliortliorn I>-"''^am breod, Z^^^-^"-'^^'' .^i, wore generally commendable, escorted over the farm to view the grain aiul ^''''t "'1'-"' ;\"i^ ,„ the acre, while the root crops There wore fine fields of oats and barley, P'-';":;»;"e ''::;;y \„ J't^nt, iJ^^rv^ed special attention, were also very good. One fiel.l of t"""I'^- ff2/„",^f„ ";/;.;'; Cd, in addition, 400 lb. of The ground had been "'-roug dy H,a„ rod .^ ^^'^ SdeKec of tliis fertiliser was seen in the Kingston phosphate per acre liad been applied, ^l^" fe"\'i\"\^t iu value. Two rows which resuH of an Jxrerimont wliich Mr. ]A,thergill had ";* Jj * ^^^^^^ J ^i^e e were unmistakable had been left ^vithout the phosphate we easily ^^^^,^^^^ •^^^ur next visit was to inspect the woHd-fW Bow ^rk B^gig J^^^^ were m,t by Mr. Hope, the manager "[^\\lXvm ^mtu^U im aeils-idiich is under the us by tlie courteous manager to inspect the ;arm--cor ipm.n^ ^.j^^jj, ^^d the produc highest state of cultivation and "'"'fd principally v t ho veuoso^ ^^^ tion of roots for winter. The "?P " ^^"^'^ ' t,e the vide y of its families, and the purity and 1 ..-,0 Mr. John Sugar's Iiq--^'eor p.. *""vWr"ent to thellob.onsettlemcnt and .aw good herd, of f..t -!,J.^,,; "XJ^rr/irt acres there were 80 head, and on another 50, '"^-^--y 8;°-^^„«""t'5,'i''",;,H,^'a d'Lm thl o'st dmmmmmmsm '^V:T^iS'u:S^:io:::^olli^t .^ v..... There are a good many French settSnerntlsdfshct? where the land was fairly good, though the farnnug d.*! not conie up f n nWh standard There is some better land at Colchester, about eight miles from Kingsv He to a high »™ ; • ,^""^^ orchards and good farm-buildings meet the eye, and I also noticed :S good h rds At iLrpe 1 we inspected a fine farm owned by Mr. Gardiner, consisting of m nK Booa neras. iAb ^ , ^.^^ considered a poor one. and the tl L fovmc owne s omld not liv on it. but by proper farming it has been bn>ught i^nto good SinJ^^timHruses salt largely as a fertiliser. Ho'has some good -,attle, some of them imported '"'"wlT'-dso went to the farm of Colonel Desmond. 245 aero., which is in still better order haWng alwa^rbecn well farmed. It ha.^ been in the colonel's possession over sixty years. He '' N^tSCrr; ':i;^C£.Tir:^y of Ken, which is the centre of a fine fanning dilrotTh"s tovvn is situated on the River Thames. We visited the farm of Mr Kdsm which is in excellent condition and well drained. There are 26 --^cres of orehurd Attached to the farm, and fruit was so plentiful as to be rotting on the ground. I think tho "'"K *SS*S Kr rtS l:Z!: K"province.for its fertility or tho^anety of Us products It stands perhaps first as a fruit-growing district, apples, pears, P^^ches Plums, cheniesquincos, .in d grapes being produced in vast quantities. Grape culture is made a spe- cialily by Bome persons. Svhile all the cereals grow well, Kent is one of the few counties where a considerable area is devoted to the growth of Indian corn. On the Lake Krie front the soil is a gravelly loam further '^•'^^k? Ye.^rs ; this applies to horses, cattle, sheep, .-vnd hogs. Fiicos of fauns \ary ?n m 0 Ss i2) to 100 dollarr^£20) per acre, depending mai.dy on •""'^"^y. f ^ Vf J^^^^^^^^ of improvements effected. The lake supplies ample water navigation '^^'^ t»"\ ;\''"r; '^'^'^/f^!^ bv the Great Western and the Canada Southern EaiUvays, which cross the county trom »orth ' .S to \outKc"t. and a liuQ is now being c.-nstructed from Eoud Eau to Chatham, theag« .1/c. Juliii t%jar'it liqwt. 131 .IV, lheresi(ient shart- e' British Koyal Agri- It 1 Farm at th>it place, jid U presided ovcrby agricultural education h uiay tend to the ad- lat an extensimi of the ur on the larm, and it this way ; the tuition 1 town in the county of to become a large city. )oli9. It has its Hyde 13, and the bridges also ,rict, and several farina itablu for arable or pas- lo ; on one farm of 200 ■DUgh the western part .nd from there to St. ■ farms throughout this them might almost be 4iip of Ennisliillon, the s refined, and is already 10 mayor, Mr. Kerr, and is true ; but in connec- llars per acre. A good a I was told that the I good place for grazing is -• -reat fniit-growing (iry eiieap. During our ' ities to land in Canada, a transfer is very small, ire a good many French irming did not come up ; miles from Kingsville, ; eye, and I also noticed , Gardiner, consisting of ;red a poor one, and the been brought into good , some of them imported is in still better order, m over sixty years. He 2h is the centre of a fine visited the farm of Mr. ire 26 acres of orchard he ground. I think the ility or the variety of its , pearfl, peaches, plums, [10 culliu'o is made a spe- one of the few counties ly loam is met with, and There is a good deal of ;he breeding of improved Ts. Fricos of farms vary n locality and t'le extent and this is supplemented cross the county from I Eiui to Chatham, then«8 nurlhsvmd to IUohI.mi, and finally to S:u-nia, not only :..tci.-ectin;^ m its cuurio the two main linos alrealy lefumd to, but v.h> oMiieeting at Sarnia with the Grand Trunk system. On our way b.ick from Chatham to Loudon wo passed through a very fine farming di«f"ct, tho land in the last f.u-ty miles, nearing London, being especially good. I may sUto that the soil varies from a heavy clay to a sandy lo.im, and can ba bought at (mm i7 to 4.20 per acre, including buildings. Tho averago production of cereals and roots is said to be as follows : Wheat, 20 bushels ; barley, 30 ; peas, 12 ; oats, Sb ; potatoes, 100 ; turnips, 300 ; hay, IJ ton rer acre. Tho rent of farms varies from JCiO to £80 per 100 acres. . m, . « We next inspected the district between London and Wingliam, Huron county. The view of the land one geuorally gets from a railway car is not very good, as the lines seem to pass through the worst land, but in our present journey this will not apply, .-is the cmntry wo pa.ssed through seemed to be a fertile district. We were driven around Winghain by the mayor, Mr. «. Wilson, and Dr. Tarulin, an old resident in this part of the country. Tho land on our way to reeHwater has only recently been cleared, as we were told, but it appeared very good l.wd. We visited the Teeswator Rutter Factory. The butter, it was said, commands a very high price in the British markets. We were shown a large number of packages, ready for shipinent, for which Is. 2d. per lb. had been refused. Tho butter is not touched by the hands during its manufacture. We also Tisited a cheese factory at this place controlled by Mr. Wilson. The cheese wa« of a very good and uniform quality, and ought to bring a good price. During my stay at Toronto a large agricultural exhibition was held, which I visited The exhibits of cattle were very creditable indeed, some of the animals being e-iual to anything I have seen in this country. A white ox and a roan one particularly attracted my attention. Iho show of sheep also was exc.Uent, and notwithstanding the winter, which necessitates housing, they seem to do very well. X.^ disease is found amongst them : no scab, foot-rot, or maggot ; and this remark api^ies also to the cattle, which are allowed to enter Kigland alivo, while those ointho United Hiates liave to be slaughtered at tho po/t "f 'l«bar.k«t.on-certainly a great advantage to the Canadian dealers. The pigs also were of good quality. The show of cereals niits, and roots I have rarely seen equalled. Implements also formed an attractive feature at this show. They are lighter than those of Knglish make, and easier to work. I went to see a S of a binder and reaj^-r, worked separately, and although it did not seem to act as .^11 as was expected, it was considere,l to be satisfactory, and will doubt c^s be heard of ^'^o'^'n-lh" maker was John Watson, of Avr. The mowing machines seemed to mo to be better t'^n those wo hv.o; they are used both for hay and clover. As stated previously, I did "'.'* •'^f ^"^ "IP"" ?ui ity o 4iting Manitoba, but I must not .m.it to mention the ' Manitoba Exhibit «* this show. It gave a good idea of what that district can produce, and I shall be '"'''"'^en if my fellow- delegates have not something surprising to say about it. I h'^i' ''^"''iy^,""''?.^ i**";* ^^ climate was something to b- avoided, but there cannot bo much the matter if tho countiy can produce such wheat, barley, oats, and roots as I saw in Toronto. T^rnntn I flls,. visited an agricultural show at Hamilton, which was very much like that at Toronto, the exhibits of fruit and implements being larger, if anything. „,„„;„,„ „. nrinr* As regards the price of lan.l, improved farms can be bought throughout the provmco at prices ranging from 40 to 100 dollars per acre, according to the quality o he soil an.l the «tate of the Imildings. Free-grant lauds are also obtainable ; and as to these, full information can be obtained from tlfc Canadian Uoveinment offices in this country. To start farming on cleared and improved land, I think a man ought to have from £700 to £2000-tl-.e more tho better. In some of the best districts farms of 100 acres *'« Fi-jch^sable or from £1000 to £1200, such as would cost treble the price, or more, in Eng and ; but I should eco nmend anyone to rent a farm in the first place, until ho has time to look a''out him No one should be in a hurry to buy. Of course, on a free grant of lan.l a very much ™f /e-^ «"«» thafl that I have named w.miW suffice. I may mention here, as an instance of what can bo done, t lie case of Mr. Coward, of Maple Grove, Brantferd. He has an excellent f!^-?'"- "J"^ "f joo'l a stock of cattle as I saw in Ontario; he has twelve acres of orchard from which he realised 60 dollars in 1879 ; and grows good wheat and fine thin-skinned barley. _ He is now well off, b.^ started n a very smaU scale Mr. Stock, of Hamilton, too, started without means. Ho now ownt a fi,^ farmfwhich his sons work ; he himself has retired These are only a sample of many case-> I came across : but of course this success is not obtained without hard work. ImSquiryas to why so many farms were for sale, and found that many reasons were assigned Many of the fanners are the pioneers in their districts, and some, having a liking for th t'sor ofWwishto sell their fanns'and go with their grown-up families to new d.stru^^ (many make their way to Manitoba), where they can get a larger tract of land at a lower cost, mdemX their capital in developing new properties. Others have got up in years, and wish to retT Others, Tgai", have their lands heavily mortg.aged. and owing .to he high rates o interest charged for money, have to sell out; while others have impoverished the soil, and Jj not care for the trouble of recuperating it. , ^ r . i t., h,« «™cf f»,o While on this subject, I may say a few words .about the system of fai-n.ing. In the past, the idea seems to have been 'to get'as much out of the soil a, possible, and t" I'lJ* ""^^"'K J'.^^J: Pucgessive croj.pii.gs of wheat have been resorted to, and have naturally had tho effect of J22 ifr. John Sagar's Report. and stable manurohaHcv^lny^K^^^^^ Ontario f.nner. Belf-Buppcrrting, and cnnsc-iuuntly there are no tithe... Thfroads are good, Kcncrally al.out 66 oct w... a> ovinco is very much lilce a district of l.ngland, village province is very and the niarkcta arc easily reached The „,.< mill towns nciittered aliont ; init HtiU it li like a (listrici m r.iigiiimi, .....vgi-H ami i,o«iin -l.h-l , cannot l,e said to be thickly i^pulat.!. ^^^£^;:;^'^,::::i'^f:i:t^t^t £30 to 36 to 40 ; barley, abmit the name ; In;l>^» ^-"n '0 ^ J.^^^ t, ; .v ce of wlieat ranged iL. 90 up some roots on which there were from 10 t 13 t^'^^- ^ |^ 1 ,^,.f ^"^j ^„tton, to 95 cents per bushel ; butter, 2o cents per »'; ' ^S^^',^ [.™f ^P,,, ,,,, .t,,,.,; „£ Canadian stuffs, 24d. to r.d. per lb. Liv ng is certainly chc ,ur ^^J^ "^J' >K ; ^ '■ -^^^ ^ ,;,,,., .;,„ ,,,, to are about the same price ; of course, if one umiuulb J.n„ii»n „ooa , „ i '"*'?"'''• . .. X i- „ ™„ ,.;.;f tn the ATuskoka district, which Is now being longer than we are accustomed to, and nunc seVLre ' '^ * "'^•', .^j"™ '!"," _^j^i„„ that the season is no tnpleasant feelings. They say that the air •^,;; '' '.f.^'j^'^'t^Xe ttk and s^^^^ to be most ixhilarating and enjoyable The worst feature ''^ " * '^JjJ'X.ck ^^.^e "^^^^ this need carefully housed ; but when roots^re e["J"'- ^"'^ ^^^/j, *^^'i"^,^ ^ ^t J^^ syndicate have aie^^aranSl anSbeing,- tlxrlS, Reliable, I quote portions of it, as it may be of interest to my readers. From a BriCish Farmer in Ontario lo British Famera. hority onthis subject is a twenty-years' daily professional inter- ei<'ht years' one as practical and as intimate with Canadian speciality of addressing a particular class of agriculturists, so 1 «... My claim to be an authority course among yourselves, and an eight flin wPiithpr I 85° in the shade is— 85° ; and zero is unquestionably 0 . •The whiat of OntartoTs, at present,' from about equal surfaces of winter and Bpnng/owmg, and wth a tendency t« an i-crease in the latter, producing 25 and 15 bushels respect^ ely with JoorJarmrnLands'eldom under 40 and 25 ^^yS'-d n.anagcment Straw and 1^^^^^^^^ Law as with Yourselves, because growth is pushed too much ; but quality is superior oy reason . of the samecause The over-clearance of fojest has mad^ wheat-grow.ng more precarious by the J in fact, the straw Iwni.'fit. I am glad If. Ontario fiirniem Kiro r(M)t« anil green productive of good is free. Taxes are ,tf3. Tl). cluncli is Msi\' readied The 1 alwiut ; init still it It 1,800,000. r>a. a (lay, or £30_ to •dspect before liiia. p(;r' annum, sliols per acre ; oatu, excellent. I pulloil beat ranged fron. 90 ; lx;ef and mutton, «, of Canadian stuffs, higher price has to which is now being arts being rooky. It iving country and for ir this out. ig the summer, or tho is not felt to so groat he dryness of the air, xpect. The winter is ok forward to it with \g that the season is and sheep have to be re practised, this need ironto syndicate have 0 the Englibh markets oks recently published n) of the Agiicultural it may be of interest lily professional inter- timate with Canadian I of agriculturists, so I .... Two-thirds of np, pasture, and water. ; during the last half I Ontario ; neither can elling-housea of stone Men from England, proprietors here were Ulster ditchers, and r, or representing their tell of your spring and il. The health of tho sre is no mistake about ter and spring sowing, ishels respectively with w and head are not so y is superior by reason more precarious by the Mr. John Sttyur'n Ji"ri. W8 want of immediate .bolter, .now n^t lying on the expose.i i-V',,^"*,:;!;i:''{::''::i\,:;i'',r :':;::;:! Mitural L'rowth nf liuiber are in pio-jross. Ue have nev.r iiad what m.iy be t.ilk,! a mm.- i fXe in the wheat crops, even with all our carelessness , so you may judge what skdl «..l "^'•I hll'v^^'intv own experience, proved that what is called exhausted land can bo tl^>r,mghly rocuneratixlin f.mr vears, by liberal treatment and syst.-n.alie mimagemeut at actua ly no cost m rSge of sua as r for the sin>plo reason that much of this poor condit.on has '^'-■--;» l>'-" K '' a m^ by'one class of crops, and. not' a variety in any forn, Lan, sjck "f - !-\- -.! ."^ri S exhausted ; we have but to deal proporly with present unava.l.ible fertility to bimt, out l..ri,o '"■"SSu'hivarlablv asureerop, and is always a valuable one wh^her for nmltlngor aninna food. From 30 to 40 IJushels per acre is eoun.ion Oats, in .,u:il.ty .;f ""^f ;, ' " " 'to'^' ^' ' own but li.'bter per bu.shel, being thicker-skinned, as the result of rapid p-owth ; -10 tn M .usl. s X icre A» a n.le, the st aw of the cereals is g,.t at the rate of 3000 lb. p;T acre. Coin (uu. e snot c^uenvUy a CO nuion crop f,,r production of grain, though very plentiful and vah able Lr"™ f^ddm as elsewhere noted Peas and beans are important farm crops the gr n ami straw of the former being first-class food for sheep ; the yield is usually 2. bushels per ''"'"■in the improved system of breeding and fattening stock, green f';''^^'-''^^:^, "["T-'.^^^^^^i,'^^^ Important place. The clim .te is particularly su table for successive rus he of ^^^ s i W one season. XInder liberal -.reatment they can be so arranged as to alfoid a conlmuous supply from middle of April to Ist of November. Thus : 1. Lucerne, four cuttings ^'0 T..us jier Aiw. '2. Winter Tlye, two cuttings 4 i. 3. Ked Clov'sr, two cuttings [> ii 4. Tares and Oats, one cutting '■^ n f). Jiillet, two cuttings 4 „ C. Maize, one cutting 30 „ 7. Eape, one cutting •.•VVV. r ' u" ■ ^ 8. The thousand-headed Kale and I'riekly Comfrey have ]usS been introduced with success. •In the cultivation of root., Ontario has already ma.le lu-rs..1f a name in the w_rM even uncW tho dillieuUi,.. of more heat and the sb-rtness of her autumn, in compirisou with Lutain. Wo are rZ\ k- r.ulising the facts that for a thorough cleaning and manuring, ..long with a cop meSd for a winter suj-plv of health and ieeJIng to all animals, turnii.s, n.angels, and c3h are now ulispensablJ. For si.e .and ..uality they are almost e.p.alo your ow„ grown.'. Potatoes ma'y be included in this character, in wbi. b we are superior, both m .plant y andquSiity. Swedes, 18 tons; mangel,., 22 tons; carrots, 15 tons; and potatoes, 8 t.ms per '^"■'We'^havrdlmcultv !n establishing a variety of grasses, either for rotation "■• r^"";'"';"* p.astures; but persistent trials are gradually adding to tho nuniber of those able to w th.t. id th^ winters Cultivated pastures invariably tax our best .listributiou of animals to "ve.tak.^ bo 1 xu bnce of growth, and tlu.ugh the same stamp of beef as yours ,s not always to l^« '■« f ' " CTass we ahN^iys find our st.^Iik in improved flesh as autumn comes. 1 ay is a «t'".'^l-^ '' /• Hrcc v.alue, as it is often a cause of misinanagement, by reason of its prol.t,cness--m inducing anTver-c mtinuance of the crop in the hands of the lazy and incautious, not realising, as they sho Id do at grasses propcT i.re about as ev.haustive as the other grasses called wheat oats and bar ev Frer, a restorative of ex- hautted soils, and an improver of poor ones. We look t.. root and clover cultivation as tho means of making good the past mismanagement m excessive wlieat-growing. •We can grow^first-class beef and mutton with the products of our own soil, as fast and for 1..SS tlian you can do. We can take a Durham or Hereford cross-bred steer from its milk v ben six months old, put it upon green and dry fodders, according to the season of the year with br. n ^^I'^a^^o^conr-miaU,! within 21^iionthsi,laeeitouourseaboard of 1400 lb., and at a cost not exceeding £14. In this and all its connections theie neces..uily '''"■ You^im-e Teid of the woodlands of this country, and the difficulty in many cases of clearing and getting rid of the stumps and roots. This is true to tl.ose new to the axe, a.ul .as tnxe that our hard-wooded lands give more choice of site and soil than praines,aml certainly arc more reliable for alternate f.a.ining ami im.re valuable as an investment The ti-ee crop its.Cf in Ontado is as costly as the best arable, so that, when you come to purchase the desire will be or more tree surface than is genorally to be had. 15e sur.> of the long and dear-bought experience Sour plnee^ that no land on this continent is so safe and so kindly as from the primeval forests Then again, few Qovernment. arc so liberal as ours in th« encouragement to agriculture J 21 Afr. Jiilin fiiiyir's lieport. iiiid laU. Our townnliii., cniitv, and iimvlncisil .xliiliitidi^ iwe a, m....i •••ulxutanl and tiitcrcHtiti,' f,.iitiin> ill ci.niicoticm with iU' juLureHH (if nurlciiUiiriil imlii.^tiv. •Wo hiiv.' nlso t.. <.tV..r vou variations in yuiir |.i-..fi.-,V";'l l)' '''.V. f "-'q't ten aeit^, and about fifteen very stony ; has beeii very poorly cultivated is w. 1 shel er. d lake, south and eas. excepted) by one third of the area which is under a maple, be.-h, and birch bush ; g.-xid-.n a J small orchar.1 indifferent, fences old and poor, h.x.ses fair ro.y Is j;ood ; a stream runs - 'a«;'"^^ly through the farm, an.l there existed uc dilliculty t., a good title and a well-surveyed l"'""! ">• Here I considere.l that ju.liciouslv lai.l-out money in permai.eut impr..vements, witli better fannini', and stea.lv self-application t.. lalj.)iir, would bring aViout a e.i.ing.'. '1 shall place in juxtap..sition t.. the Ontari,. case that •■' a farm many years ,n my own hands in a n'i.lland county ..f Scotland, which c.nsisted ..f l(.(i .ures arable, 10 acres of meiuL.w pasture, and 8UU acres of liiU-gra/.iu-, and which come, m well in ni.Kst respects as a fair, cm.- parative example. The case of botli was f.ir a husband, wife, ami tivc children :- 'Ontario Pco/>nV,/o)-.'<;i;;).— Taxes, Including road-money, Bcliool-ratea, railway bonus, and a.uinty rate, 55 dollars, or i'll (is. 4d. i>o/> . i,;ii 'Scotch nm.nlMp.-llout ami taxes : Ar.able, 30s. per acre. £\r,0 : meadow, ISs., £^r, hill pasture, £40; poor-ratcs (half), tl ICs. ; r..ad-tax (half). £2 18s. ; hre in.suranee on buildings. 1^ 2s.; cartages for pr..priet..r, £1 Us. ; "Kan," 15s. j interest on fence pr..tecting from game, '"'''SHi^vf'M^ract.-Ontano ProprHorMp : Sum invested, £21.^,2 ; taxes, £12 • annual maintenance of farm, iUM ; ^-»''>^^''^^ ^^i>'^}r%'^^^^ ' ^':-t-T'"fj^T^nM'- surplus revenue during five years, £303 ; real sation after hve years, ^ff-J'^^^.{'Z^^A Hum invested, £2600 ; rent and taxes, £2.55; annual maiuteuauce "' /''" \^' ;;' • 'r~a expenses, £265 ; gross annual rentals, £1308 ; surplus revenue during live years, £30j ; reabsa- tion after five years, £2400. •It apnoar.s, then, that a capital of £2600 invested in British farming takes fully one-third of itself for annual si pp,>rt, of which one-fourth is household ; an.l that there is an annual gross revenuo ejmal io halV the' invested sum, which sum d.,es not always increase n va ue bu may be considerably lessened under certain conditions. It also appears that £21., 2 invest.', in the purcha e o land and the farming of it. in Ontario, re.p.ires .,ne-fourth of .tself for '^"""a ";•;;«»■ tenanco, of which .me-half is household ; and that there is a gr.vss annual j-evenue e.iual t.. nearly Xthii'd of the invested sum, which sum increases 22 per cent .. value .luring years under sm hil conditions. The return per acre is much larger in Britain ; living is not so dilfeicnt froni j^ur cli^s as .nay be supposed, iiid the great difference ot annual maintenance is largely m rent ""'^'I^^couid say much more that would be of interest to old countrymen and colonists, but a letter having to"be a letter only, I must defer until a better opportunity for details. I trust very manyof you will at once take advantage of the present condition of thing.s, that .s (1) your own difficulties, and (2) the fact of land here being 25 per cent, lower m price than four years ago. And now just a few words as to Canada, and particularly Ontari.. .as a field for emigration. Thif a ques i,>n which I approach with some caution. The country .s und.,ubtedly 'v fine one and 1 wal verv nearly buying some land for myself there. I V^ '"'"7^°' l";^ buTfn^f all ? every place must have. In the first place, its winters an,- nearly five months 1. ng ; but, f"«r" » I hea?d. the principal inconvenience is that the sheep, as we 1 as cattle, have o be h..u e,I . u g • that season. Then, the yields are not so great as on our r.nglish farms, and wages aie higher , -J irtanl and liitcrcntiii;^ liunl tho atti'utiiiii i)f ("li(i»i> nn 1, It to counterbalance this, neither the est .,f land nor the rent and t.ixe. aro m> high a- in ll.i< ::;. ;;;':,! eat.-c and the ^st of Hvlng are ^'''-^.-.^ 'Hk-' «nud y ie ds, o..,je m eiHC'M accounted for by bad farming, an err.r a new settler nee., not fall into i an.l. as It n.is riTl lec I tl e I i e of laid, and as m.-Tnure is cheap, it is not altogether a great disadvantage fr m ! , K. 3lsh He er's point of view. My a.lvice i.s, to people who are getting on well ... Kngla . ' wl o h irfo better tim..s and can hang on, ' Stay where you are but for .iien «»;;'''['; "^f'" new iehls in which to employ their capital and farming k.iowle« ?a. .ula .nuch cheaper tha.i any other colony, and land is at a l-wer price, w . h a bato. ■ha..ce of sellinrthe products to advantage. There are ...any me,. .» «^.|M"d'v ^^••"' /'^''^ as ;!io..eers year: ago 'with no capital but an axe, but are now well off. This cannot but b., ''"Tivc'nJ wiu!''a Kn.all capital need not, however, go through the hardships of a back-woods- mai? iifrn-i that cleared iLid is so co...pa.-.ativeIy cheap and can be rente, at -'^ > 'I '-^P";^"; A ric.dtur'd labourers get go.,d wages, a.id, 1 c.nsi.ler, have a go.i.l prosp.c . Hut the O.ta.io ^n,.s i Ug. a W'tte.-^^^ satisfactory system of labour if they woul.i •--;'''»">' •^^^^"X resident lalmrers .m their lan.l, simikir t.. those wo have i.. K..gla..d, pruv.d...g cottages foi them with small uarden l.its, which could easily bo done. ... i i n .„ „..,i I 'imve 1^ ■ asked, if ciinada is s,. ti.ie a cou.itry. why the people wd.o »>^vv« '^"^:: *' ""^ ^ iret on so well do not write for their friends, in the same way as .s done in the States ? X<^ f 2fi))J,') . , . li!ij,730 1 Pi'.O 1S70 1S71 1S72 187;l T-xc 1,11m' la.st year (1870-80), the cmiuiati.m during these periods has boon tho largest ow r r,u!vii and it wi 1 be seen tliat, accor.liug to tho rospoetive populations Cana.l.a has secured . Me ,r m-ouo-ti . of British emigrants ti.au the United Slat.'s. 15ut she .,..t u..re.aso..ab > ^ i t, get siiYl .....re t., oecup; d.e large tracts of c.,u..t,v which are yet only very part.ally inhal-itod, a...l thinks, as a British colony, she has a greater claim to thorn. I .low co..clude my rop.ut. 1 I A PATER CONTlllLH-TKU IW MU. JAMES RID I) ELL, OJ Miami, Manitoba, fonnrrhf "f irnnfl,., .hdharf, Scotland, tfho is temporarihj •' daijimj at the latter uddrtss. Tr liaH been miL-ostcd bv the. Hinh Cmini^omrH ..f the Dmnininn of OanftJa that I ini, ' ' U.i:^;;:r^Jn'. (Lanzas J c..^ m-.uler.ulvanU.K.sif "''■'' '''l,'^''^*!^'';.'^^; '[,■/" .,wn with little tnmblo ; still, uhen farmed '*"""7i, - t '^h'!'SC.^ «" a ir y" Ml^'repayH all extra thue and care ,iven to it, H t '„ 1 fol IvH H CO. a nty that the liritii farmer U, a. a rule, capable of working '. .?. f AU^te Ca.u la to the bit advanta,'e to hii„»elf and to the country. . . 'H b sti mo for „ • s to arrive depend, on their proposed line of action. 15y nrnv.ng m tho • T.vw.lv rises throiv'h the absence of good roads, but this want i:* nosv beniK removed jprni-adilhedty an.cs turn nine aae V. . .^, , i„t„ ,„„nicii.alitieH, which hCS'i;.:;v r^'a^: t il S l£ lie ^::;:tn;ction o^" roadB and brid^^. ,Tl.e an.ount of ^ ^llSZ T-Vm ^Ixo U,xm ranL'es from 0 to 8 dollar, a year, and if judiciously ex- r:;ri .m wi bin a few v^^^^^^ M.b.tantial roadn. To enter nu rmimproved lan.l and : ; t k in n ' ately J^^ the pWpo.o of cropping the following year, spring (notwithstanding hfswl of th roads) i^ certainly the best time. The roads becmegond m June, and remain «o 1 h : t'e lin i ' ly duri .^ the winter llu y arc of course excellent IJut any Beason would bo :!.£.,-^n,^,;^^;iof>^ungrr.n^..o^^ ^nSlil: Snd" who'":::l:: J^al '^l^^ui^l'dlow "the Bummer to bo pretty well advanced before ^'""'ri,ere^Jr"iino'of Bteamship, to Canada, Bailing fron. London, Bristol Liverpool Ola.gow, lliere ■■^i-'-l" '^ p,^''^", ,' r „„,, ^,„.,,k as to the comforts and attention to be obtained on ?r;'£lI:er;:i.Sliuiw ^^^^ Through tickets can be had to Winnipeg, the entire *"^Wn'^!^" by mil 'in Can..da are allowed a ce,ta!n amount of baggage about 3001b. wx.ight ; atuel!^krni.re.n^^^ lS,:y;:!";!;£:':;n:1^::ica:^n.:ukind of a... ..ado of dieted moo.e and buifalo hide, are '"'iJirkaT'!^' any of tho povtH, there are h. waiting a Rtaff of CH.toms officials who do their d.itv "• rcea ly Lt7all m,.de-„p clothing for pe, .o.>.l us., and settle,s effects, are pa.sed rcc o tv Wht^ once your bn .Jo \* into the hands of the railway othc.als, yoi. .-xrc relieved froi.i .lutj . \\ litn once } ^'7 "''^ . • , j,.], i,.^^ i,een found to work satisfactorily. J'-very :STm™bc;:ra^d:ik^^:l^"Vd,Slll;;^e m.mber is given to the owner, and on presenting .etth.-rto mike for. O.^ arrival, ample accommodation can.-a.ily be found at moderate charges sSe« Zdd be on their guLrd Igain.t persons who. have land to wll, and on no account A Pitjicr ContrihutCfl hi/ Mr. Jamen tiidJdi 127 Imporarllii lat I mil' ' ay r .k» ' • into . .<,ton, l)nt iliilicuItiuH ill tii'dt tulvu Vi-ritory aro rtcniM liavo n nc'ccssiiiy. iii'ii faiiui'd t'ivun tn its of woikiiij; •iving in tho ill},' rtiiKived litit'H, which u niiKiunt of iciimsly ex- ed land and I'ith.stiuulinjf id rumnin ah on woidd be nsclvos, and Those with lucud before jI, Cilasgow, obtained on ji the entiro lb. weiglit ; h as twecdH light house- : prices. A ' in summer ilu liide, are \Q do their sscd free of li(^ved from rily. ]Cvery 1 presenting t centre for vte charges. no account tihoiiM thny mako ft purehaHo until tho land ha.t l)uen viewed, ah m!\ny lmv« heon "pappolntiil u.iili r the einiMMsta-iU'''s. The Helecli.iii of a location depends on the inclinntlon of the dettlor, fts well a'* the ninouiit of money at IiIh diiipoHal. It Ih nect'iiHory to tind out the prieii of land in the ditfiriiit diitriet-i, which can be obtained on application at the tJovrrnnient Land OMlces at WimiipeLf, and il.< lands, for which -t stpian miles are retained out of every township (:!ti si|ii:ii'e mih s). It is usu.,I for those who wish for more than IJ'Jd acres of liomest' ad and pir (iiipliou to Imy a piec(,' of tho adjoining railway b.iul The railway lands adjacent to tlx' liii'', alllioiiL;li li'ld atrMlollais p,r acre, in many cases are not so valuabli' as some So or tJO mile, away, for the reason that unless tho land M dry and loamy it is not so easy to work. Those who settle at a distance from tho Conadian I'acitic JIallway may bo f(>rtiinate enough to be within easy reach of some of tho Colonisation IJaihvay lines, which are i'uing nu'do to act as fied rs to the main line. The plan of snr\ey in so simple, th.-it when anyone meets with land on which he mny desiro to locate, its position is easily determined. The whole country is di\ ideil into townships of six miles mpiaro, each of these i.s divided into squares of ono mile, which are again diviiled into four Hipiares of 1(30 acres. Aroimd every H(piaru mile a rord is laid ol about 100 fcot wide. All Burveys Rtftrt and aro nuniliered from the International boundary line. The land along thu Ked and Assiniboino Hivci-s is heavy, strong Ciay, and In wet seasons \n difficult to work ; but with a dry spring and summer good crops can bo grown. It is unlike thu rolling prairie to tho West, witV 'ts rose-bush and buffalo grass — unfailing marks of good dry, loamy land — where tho soil is from 2 to 4 feet deep and is neither more nor less than decayed vegetable niattci", resting on ft layer of sand, with a, subsoil of heavy blue clay. Tluso dry prairies aro naturally drained by shallow ravines and small streams, which iiow.and again spread themselviisont, forming a marsh or hay meadow. On land as di'scribed timber Is generally deficient, but tho Government has taken thu precaution to reserve timber lands with a view to sell to settlers on homesteads and pre-emptions to the extent of ten to twenty acres, according to quality. This arrangement has been a great boon to the community. It must be admitted that there is a deficiency of spring-water on tho surface, but by sinking wells from ten to twelve feet a plentiful supply can ho vibtained. In the neighbourhood of run- ning streams wells are not necessary, as the stream water is wholesome and pure. Thise dry lands are most preferable for settlement, and settlers would do well to locate there. A f; id deal has been written about tho wet lands in Manitoba ; and, no doubt, up to the present tiuio they have formeil a hindrance to settlers along tho Ked River Valley, but now that tho Government aro undertaking the drainage it will be to a great extent remedied, and tho richness of the soil and the cheapness of thu land will make it to tho settlers' advantage to conlinuo in tho sami'. direction. Keeping in view that this paper is designed for tho guidance of parties intending to settle in Manitoba or tho North-W^st Territory, it may be necessary to allude to tho mode of starting on a homestead. If the location is entered upon in spring, the party ought either to board with some noighbour, or, as is often done, tent out for the summer. 'I'liis arrangement causes no delay in preparing the prairie for the following year's crop. The erection of house and other buildin',') can be left till the fall. As a rule, oxen are employed for the first year or two, until oats are grown for tho keep of horses. It does not reipiire a large capital to commence farming comfort- ably on a free-grant claim with the inteiitiou of gr.adually reclaiming it ; the following ii tlw usual outlay ; Two yoke of oxen ... ... ... ... S2C0-00 Ono waggon ... ... ... ... 80'00 Two ploughs and harrow ... ... ... 5S00 Chains, axes, shovels, etc. ... ... ... 30'00 Stoves, beds, etc. ... ... ... ... GOOO II0U.SO and stables ... ... ... ... 200-00 Mowing-machine ... ... ... ... !?000 Cow ... ... ... ..._ ... 3000 Provisions for one yi. ur, pay ,,, ..." ... loO'OO §!)23'00 - ^£193 us A Paper Conlributed Of conr-ic innny men slnrt on a Kniallcr Bcale than this, with ono yoke of oxon, ono plough, nnd withiMit a luowiiicr-inachinc. If land is purchased from the Government or private parties tho price paid will require to bo added to the above. Wild lamls can be bcjught from private parties at from 2 to 5 dolhirn per acre, iiceordinj; to location. Those with larger capital wipuld do well t. "-.ly some improved farm with 00 or 100 acres ready for crop, with dwellinj,' house and stabling. In this way a retiun is got at onea for the outlay, and at the same time saves many of the hardships one must naturally m' , bushel. Vegetatiun is rapid, and harvest is generally begun about the middle of August. Tiie reajwrs in use are all self-binding or self-delivering. They are lighter than tho English make, but are cajiablo of doing a deal of heavy work. Wheat requires to be bound almost as soon as cut, the straw being dry and brittle ; but oats are usually allowed to lie a day before lifting. The Canadian system of lifting and binding is a decided improvement on tho English or Scotch stylo : one man makes the baud, lifts and binds his own fhcaf. On a good average crop of wheat (say 25 bushels per acre), four men can lift and bind to a self-delivering machine, cutting 10 to 12 acres per day. After June or July almost no rain falls, consequently grain stacks are not thatched, but are thrashed as soon as ploughing is stopped by frost. Travelling machines, with horse or steam-power, are for hire, and are paid by tho bushel or the acre. Owing to the number of emigrants coming into the eomitry, the towns and villages springing up, and the construction of railways, the market for wheat is local ; but by the time there is a surplus, railway communication will be opened so as to admit of its being s«nt to Great Britain and tlsewiicre. Wheat at 7.'> cents per bushel would amply repay the grower in Manitoba, and, at present prices in London or Glasgow for American wheat, would leave a large margin for freight and other expenses. I will hero state the cost o.' raising wheat per acre on our own land for the years 1879 and 1880, likewise the average amoi-nt of produce for these two crops. Eirst, the cost, which I shall give at contract prices : Ploughing . . . Seed ...... Sowing and harrowiiiy .... ! Reaping .... SS"l ; : : : Carrying ,ind stacking Thrashing ..... Average of crops for 1879-SO, 28 bush, per .acre at ".' c. §2'00 •90 ■50 ■(!.- ) ■85 ( ■35 ( 2-95 MO ) 1'70 SS-05-£l 1:3 1 21-00 = £4 G 3 .?12'95 = i;2 13 3 Cost of production i)er bushel, Is. 3d., leaving a margin of nesvrly 13 dollars per acre. Thi:i certainly is above an average yield for 5lanitoba at the present time, but I believe thaf i I'l with good management and fair seasons, tho average will come up to this or even more. If I mistake not, tho two lioyal Commissioners, Messrs Head and Pell, stated that wheal could not be s«nt from Manitoba to Liverpool to pay the grower below 47s. per quarter ; I havt been unable to get a definite quotation of freight* from Winnipeg to Liverpool or Glasgow, but tb*! following is an approximate : Wheat has already been sunt from Winnipeg to Montreal — by rail to Duluth, thence b) steamer to Montreal —at 30 cents per bushel. Erom Montreal to Glasgow freights for wheal have r.ingcd from 08 cents to 1 dollar 14 cents per quarter, s.ay on an avc-.-ige 1 dollar G cents This gives I one yuko of oxun, one ploutfh, the price paid will reriiiiro to be I at from 2 to 5 dolliirs per aero, ^ ''-..y some improved farm with In this way a return is got at isliips one must naturally meet ten be bought for leas than the g for crop : The grass must be plough about two inches deep, ly. This is allowed to lie until J of extra soil. In this state it taken not to phmgh too due)) Country invariably make, and with great success on the 11 rat iaring. The land being dry, as imd the following spring, wheat :hine», eight or nine foot wide, I found to make a great saving [ bushel and 1 peck per acre; nd harvest is generally begun iding or self-delivering. They I deal of heavy work. Wheat nd brittle ; but oats arc usually fting and binding is a decided e band, lifts and binds his own ere), four men can lift and bind ter June or July almost no rain il as soon ns ploughing is stopped for hire, and are paid by the into the country, the towns and rket for wheat is local ; but by id BO as to admit of its being • bushel would amply repay the jow for American wheat, would iwn land for the years 1879 and $2-00 •90 ■50 (5,-i ) S5( 35 f 205 10) 170 $8-05 = £1 1:3 1 21-00 = £4 (5 3 §1205 = £2 13 3 iarly 13 dollars per acre, present time, but I believe that ip to this or even more, ead and Pell, stated that wheat ' below 4"d. per (juarter ; I have ieg to Liverpool or Glasgow, but 1 — by rail to Duluth, thence by 1 to Glasgow freights for wheat ! on an average 1 dollar C gents, hy Mr. Jamca liuhhll. 120 I'rom Winnipeg to Montreal 30 cents pir bushel „ Montreal to (ilasgnw Insurance, landinj. for shorts . charges, etc., including wt and iillowance .'?2'40 per cjuartcr. lOG •36 ?3-82 = Cost of production per quarter Total cost per quarter 15s. 10 9d. 0 25s. 9d. If these rates are corrcct--and I have every reason to believe they arc -it is evident Messrs. Read and Pell have been led into error in their statements. American wheat at the present time is worth 533. per quarter in Glasgow, which shows a large margin for the growers' profit in Manitoba. As soon as the Canadian Pacific llailway and the Hudson's Bay routes are open, there cannot be a doubt that the cost of transit will be reduced. _ Cattle-renr.ng is likely to pay well, as it is attended with little expense. They keep their condition through the winter (where wind-brakes are provided) on marsh hay, and this can bo had in abundance in almost any kind of season. It is cut in July or Augiist, the earlier the better fodder it makes. The marshes are level, and mowing machines make good work in the cutting. The expense of making this hay docs not exceed 1 dollar per ton, and the usual winter allowance per head of various ages is 2i t(jn8. At present, cattle are allowed to graze on any unfenced land during the summer, and find any amount of feed, such as wild tares, peas, and grasses. The best season for cows to calve is about the end of April. Young cows are worth 35 dollars \kt head ; a three-year-old steer ready for work, 50 to 60 dollars. Sheep can also be raised with profit. They can be kept during the winter without covering, and get fat on h.iy grown on dry prairie, this being finer than the marsh hay. A cross between the Lincoln and Cotswold will be found as profitable as any. Mutton is worth 12 cents per lb., and wool 30 to 35 cents. _ . a -n 1 The climate h.-vs been represented as being almost impossible to live in. It must be admitted that the winters are more severe than in Britain, but the air is so clear and dry that the cold is not much felt. . Writers on Iowa and other States seem to attach much importance to the seventy of our wmters, but it must be borne in mind that most of them have never experienced a winter in Manitoba. I have noticed a letter in a Scotch newspaper from a Mr. Lauder, Dunfermline, giving a most .alarming account of the climate and soil of Manitoba. I find that many of the statements he makes are quite incorrect, and no wonder, as he was only there for a very short time during summ pr on a hunting expedition. As an instance of his inaccuracy, he states that there are eight months of winter and only four of summer, instead of this there are four and a half months of winter, and the rest spring, summer and .autumn 1 I have no idea of entering into the comparative merits of Manitoba with Iowa, or any other country, but it would be an injustice if I did not add my testimony to the advantages of Manitoba as a field for emigration. It has been said that Manitoba and the North-West Territory will bo the granary of the world, and its rapid development, the amount of capital and skill which is being expended on the cultivation of its soil, and the towns and villages that have sprung up, are all strong evidences of the progress that has been made. Winnipeg, in 1874, had a population of only 5,000 inhabitants, while now it is fully more than double. , .,. 1. Emmerson, Portage la Prairie, NelsonvlUe, and Rapid City, and many other villages, have also become places of importance. With the privileges otfered in Manitoba and the North-West Territory, where free grants of land are offered to the agriculturist, where land can be purchased for less than is paid in Britain for merely occupying it, where all improvements are one's own, where education is free, and, in fact, where nearly all the comforts of the Old Country are to bo had, it is surprising, at this time of continued depression in British farming, how ftw have availed themselves of such a favourable opening. 8i SKNTKiT i'O BOTH ilOUsiw 01,' rAULlAMENT BY COMMANJJ OK UEK MAJESTY, IN ALGUfcJT, 1880. CANADA. TT..(.v the arrival of the CH'i of Mmlmil at Now York, v.'o v.vvo wailcJ upon by the lion. S ^rt LT onat" , with .,i iuvit:.ti,>n fn,n..tl>o Canadian G ,vo>n,ncnt to v,-,a (HUw.. am make a n . n -ed to. r in the Nonunion. We were conii^elled to dec In.e the grea er pa.t of this kind inviuS but Mr. 11. Read courteously as.sisted u. in our investigations n, New York, and rpin-ini(>d our L'uide and coninanion till we left lomnto. „ . ri j. »„ i Manv o the general agricultural remarks that have hoen made apply f l"""y *? Ca, ^J^f j »l,pTTniid States It wUl be only possible now to say a few special words upon the fanning of Se SSon of Canfda! We had not time to visit Lower Canada, nor did we see very much f.:^« ..f fh.. Old World there is no forest to subdue, or scrub t» uproot. The whole is one vrpbinmot^lIeHile which can be converted into a grain-iield by the simple opera ion Ttwo s allTploughing,. The soil around Portage la Prairie is a rich black loam, light o HlKrye uffiSly tt;ntive to withstar.d severe drought. In many places there appeared v!;n n/nn vacation to the depth of three feet. In some spots the land is swampy and low, but LfcwmatTvtolud^^^^^^ '^°-^. =^"vh>' cannot get a c >" o>tab e U m fe ^^^^ tt,:^i^.Su^r=SisST^^^ i^^^^tiS;::u^SS-^^^S 'EEE^ ^n theAp.ndi.ashort account'of fhe land system of the different proWnces o the Dom n on ^^ ^^^ To those who could not endure the ro.jgh ^'^^^^^^^f^}' Mt^^^^^^^^ a<:re. The n- farms acres to be bought in Ontario and Lower Canada at f.on ;^" * ^^"j tjentfan and suit- may Ix^ncara good town or railway, a.>d are weli ^"'^"f '/'''^^"I'^^i^^^,^^^ farms to let .at able buildings have been erected. There are ^l^!' ' .^.^"''^J'^h^f ^'^^/nC^^^^^ the rent in kind from 3 dollars to 5 dollars an acre ; or they can be hncd by^^^^'.^^nn shares, the landlord by a fixed portion of the produce, wh.Ie -'^;^"':'"j^!;y ^'*'^, f,"^" ^i^'^„t,,y .nean^ for a far.aer S:^^^^^^"^^^^^^^ *° a^ype^man^t friendly relations ^^'^^S^Kr;wS':^ot.>descri,.morefu^^ modified by the fact that. n the autumnj^^ ^^nd JJve 1 "ce Sen a seHes of r.>ost useful .and the north of England visited theUomiinon and have sue ^ „ ^^^^ntof Agiicul- ,,..»" «!»» tl.i. .ubi^ct, »hich will be found id tl.. M'l"'^"- Tlio loltavins I. . .M SfWAK .1 tbo !.».■> Svstj- .1 Ita diS=™. r«o-..KOi» ot Ih. Dominion of Canada : . t.,„,i In Manitoba and the North-West To-ltories f..e giants J WO^a^^^^^^^ SionTtK Xl^ ^'^ S Jf iati,:ns, f--i.nun. pri. b.^^ ^J^!^U n^"\S^a;r;f Stob. in^ addition to exempting from se./ui^ for ^ebt tl.e k»^^ j . f.rm im,i!»cnl. in use, one «-^-:,t;^''"^,«|;'";j^7fih; extent 60 icils' shall be free from ■ J^ir'':.^ S:.: t h^e, i;i::^:^:l!:rii^ t S ^e. m tbeca. of aU wntsissued by on re=Uk.,:i:.L '■ .tid-.tion., .ind they aUo have V' "','';; t,,^;\?'"V,i„cM at reasonable rates. Columbia on . .,, reasonable terms. i I EXTRACTS FROM THE CHAPTER OF THE 'COLONIZATION CIRCULAR' RELATING TO CANADA. Issued by the Imperial Colonial Office, r.maflii ; (lusiiiption, t'Xtullt, diiiiLito, etc. Local (luvorn- UlCllt. EJiicition. ronuUtion. T,-.>do CllMUto. DOMIXIOX OF CANADA. The Territory coiii;)vi^i.'il in the Domini ii of Canada contains about 3,500,000 K;(uartj mile,', extending' fronx tlie Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and at its southern point rcacliing the ' ; Mi parallel of latitude, It pos.sesaes thousand.s of square nitles of the finest forests .... .) ' Co- tinont ; widely spread coal-fields, exten.sive and productive firilieries ; its ri e lakes are among the largest and most remarkable in the World, and the mii.: acres of prairie lands in the newly opened-up North-West territories are report '. . heirig am lUj; tlio most fertile on the continent of America. Canada is divided inco seven Provinces. Each Province is divided into Counties and Townsliiiis, having their own Local Boards, and Councils, for regulating local taxation for roads, Kchools, and other municipal purposes. Jtuligious liberty prevails. The Educational system is under the control of the Oovernments cf tiio various Provincts. Free schools are provided, and facilities are afforded to successful pupils for .ibtaining the highest education. The population at the last census (in 1S71) was 3,602,.'J96. Among its inhabitants there were 219,451 natives of Ireland, 144,999 of England and W.ale.,;, 121,074 of Se,)tl.ind, (it, 447 natives of the I'nited States, .and 24,iG2 n.atives of Germany. The cen-ius will l)e taken agi>'.n in 1881, when the population will no doubt bo found to have much incrca-sed. Tlie following figures show the imports and exports for the fiscal year endinjr .Tune 30th, 1880, and also the value of the u.'cportj to, and imports from, *he United Kingdom during the same period. Value of Imports ... ... ... ... .'■•SC),4S9,747 V.alue of Exjxirts ... ... ... ... ,^7,911,458 Exports to the United Kingdom ... ... 4.\8 1(),062 Imports from the United Kingdom ... ... 01,401,224 An cx.aminatiou of thaw figures, compare,! with tho.^e of the United St.ates, sliows that the imports of Canada from tlreat Britain, in proportion to the population, represent 32s. per head, as against Ss. 4d. per head in the United States. In a country like tlie Dotninioii of Canada, extending northward from the 44° of latitude, the climate is naturally varialile ; but sjieaking generally, the sommers are liotter than in England and the winters colder. However, if the climate of a country Is to be measured by its productions, then Canada, in the (luality of her timber, grains, fruits, plants, and animals, must be accorded a front rank. The extremes of cold, tiiough of sh(U't dur.ation, and the winter covering of snow, have given Canada the reputation of having an extremely severe climate, and atten- tion has not been sufficiently directed to the cii-cum-ftance that by the warmth of the isunnner months, tlie range of production is extended, in grains, from cats and barley to wheat and maize ; in fruits, from apjiles to peaclics, grapes, melons, nectarines, and apricots ; in vegetables, from turniiJS, carrots, and cabb.ages, to the egg-plant and tomatoes. Snow and ice arc no drawback to the Canadian winter. To Canada they mean lint only protection to her cultivated acres, ahiiost .as valuable as a covering of manure, but the conversion of whole areas, during several months in the year, to a surfivce ujHin which every man may make his own road ciiual to a turnpike, in any tlirection, over Extracts from the ' Colonhation Chcular' Ittlath.j h Canwlu. i;5;i DP THE TO CANADA. joul 3,500,000 Kiiuare at its southern point f square mtlos of the iisive and productive jt remarkable in the )ened-up Nortli-West ontinent of America, divided into Counties I for regulating local rtmeuts c.f the various d to successful pupik imong its inhabitants ,nd W.alos, 121,074 of es of Germany. The 0 doubt bo found to he fiscal year endinjf irts from, ♦^he United ,'■•80,480,747 tr,!t 11,458 4.'i,81(5,Oe2 31,401,224 Fiiitjd States, show.n 1 to the population, id States. iward from the 44° of illy, the siunmers are i climate of a country of her timber, grains, ter covering of snow, re climate, and ntten- t)y the warmth of the from cats and barley lelons, nectarines, and to the egg-plant and Po Canada tlicy mean a coveiiiig of manure, rear, to a surface ujion in any tlircctii.in, over Melius o( ciiiiimiinioa- tiun. vation is arrested by frost. a,rric>iUure of a country except Intensity of winter cold has little '^?°'=V 1 ' .Vn.o^f Hi.'h si.riu" and summer sx»;srrsS"j's.'isr;;c*r5i ;&;;.."; o. ».:» ... .,.. melon m Canadn,. fomnerature of the Atlantic and Tacifio SKi'i;" s^ !.v,:t .r|.fK^;:Jr:.t,i',; £., ..... ...... «... fevers of every tyi.c, and the cou,»try ^-^''«f;^'">' '" ™ tj,. Territories is c<.mpara- the western portions of ^"t'''";\*" "r' ' \"i':,,,,^'l durin'' the summer nionths Bnmswick, while its rivers and lakes form a laglitt.iy aunu„ from the interior to the ocean. , . ^p-fect system of inland It may be mentioned that Canada possesses the '""f^^l^", ""^X.m Chica-o to navigatio'n in the world. At the present ^^ ^-^^f^^^ ^ ^J'^ ^f.,^ . Montreal by way of Lakes Michigan, I^^^^^^^ ^r^.^d"S:f a^K^-on^he St. Law^c. Jiver .. h^ -^^,^5 i:sbii^;irS^«eet?fS^t£^^^^^^^ --^ - --- -^ '''%!e:S:^efromChica.otoMo,..aU^^ can be moored alongside the ;i«'^y«)- ^J*'^,^ fh pErie clnaland there are 10 more from Chicago to New York vui B«ff-jlo and th° J."c f ana^^ ^^ .^ ^^^^^^ lucks and 89i feet more lockage by the Latter J« «e * ,an y ^^^_^ ^^^_^,^ fore expected that upc.nthecompetion of the enlarged America, of the grain from Western Canada, as ^^f^f,f'^"'"i\'^;'„''Yt/ other advantages, the will find its way to Europe ri,i Montreal, as >" ^d, Uon to ^^^ ^o^,^. distance from Montreal to Liverpoo is abo i 300 n .1 s ^e- than f. m^^.^ ^^^^^^^^ .^ alnSt/^iS:.^" e^lfl^i'iS.ance i. Unccted with the electric ^^•'^Stst time to arrive in NoHh An>oriea is early in ^V- -;:;:;:^- ^I^L^^^t ""Thet^igo to Quebec occupies on an average about ten days by steamer, and the ^""irC'li^S-^t^'o^S^SrkBoneach of the d liferent provinces of wliich the Dominion of Canada is composed. MANITOBA AM) THE NORTH-WEST TEllUITOlUES. The cli arrivugc* mciits. Time t.> eiuigralc. Time of tmnsit. Extent of ManiliiU ami ttio NorthWcHt I'urrltorlos. Free ((ranta (if laixl. Mniiltotia tiiircakiiig 11J) t.-ilid. Iniiirovod farm^. FucL Canadian l*acifio Haiiway. 134 E.rlriict.< from the ^ Culonhalion Oiiuuhtr'' Hi luting to CamuJa, Mtthiloba, a lU'ovinco which has been made out of the North West Territory, U iiituateJ bttv.eeii the paralluU 49^—50' 2' north ktitiule ami 0(5'— 99^ west longitude, in the very heart of the continent of Aniuriea. It in 1:35 miles lon^; and 105 niiloii wide, and contains in round niiniberM 1 1.000 srmarc miles, or 9,000,000 acres of land. Koii}fhly Hpeaking, the North-West TerritorioH belonging to (Canada cover about 2,500,000 Ki|uare miles, and contain about 200,000,000 acres of fertile kind, which are now waiting Kcttleinent. Any male or female who is the head of a family, or any person who has attained the age of 18 years, can obtain a free grant of a (juarter section of IGO acres ; and can also make an entry for jireeinption rights to the adjoining y have a sufficient ccupiod. th only a pound or ich men ha\e taken ir, cultivating their vhen necessary. By few years, with the thoro are many men in the way above lude the passage of •th-West. irs per acri', and tho loUars per acre. icr parts of Canada, jer for building pur- ;ific Oceans, is now and is expected to lilcs of the line are in 18S1, and in 1882 M.icr through Mani- us elfecting a saving lie porta at' shipment existint; route from ill pass through ex- Extracts fr,.n tl>e ^ O.l"nta0o. Circular' n.U>r.O to Onuula. 135 It may be mentio^d that ^r^^^::^^-JS^ ^^^ S.o. vay wUi n. -mp.et.d fn.n TlauiJr^Bay La.^^^^^^ westward. It will pass ontncly ^ "'I'-al* f J "^^^ , ,;, t,; 't ,„ost of the rivers and newand..lds.Uorsw,lbevep g .at. Itma .^^^ _^_^j ^,_^^^ ^^^ j,,y lakes in Manitoba and the ^''^^'■■^*;'^,^^,^^^^^^ and Kan>..u ;.n. ^ .luring tho season on the ^ ':" .'T'^^:;^^' ^^^.m scng. rs and freight, calliug at I'ruK'e distance by water of about 1200 "'''''•• '^''^^^ ,;, steamers also n.n regt - Albert, Carlton. Battkfonl and other 1^ f« " ;',,;^ f, the lied Kivet. There .s S':!^:ri:2zi^ ---- ^-'^^'"- ""'' ^tfeba is situated in the tl^^JfCSc ot^^ ViS!^- ^^^'^ "'""' Pole and 'be ICquator, and the Atl^;"t>c a d 1 a .^^^ The snow goes aw.ay, an. . diti..n» of .cide"■ ,'m, Atlantic seaboard, an.l the Xorth- Canada and the Northern United ^1;^^ " ^'^"rh^'' '^S^ are harvested in August. Western States of Minnesota "^"/IW ™"ii„ J,(^ all orts to rapid maturity. Tho The long sunny days of sununer bring vegetation ot au sori, days are warm and the nights cool. . „^„_ ...a K,ts till the end of November, Autumn begins about the '^^^^'^l^^'^^;:^ compXts^rmonths of December when the regular frosts set in. int winn r !«> i« '" ' '^^;„'^" ^ ^^ersfl on this point. , accompanied with damp or wind. Tho t..stimony is u eighteen ir chcs ; liUlfctorJ, t.»e«h i.ua.lh .J Ita )«•" ™*"8 ■'"'?• "''■ Tor.'Utn. 00-38 58'18 4.5'8t August September October 3600 25-78 22-80 2-2-74 28-93 40-72 61-74 01-85 07-49 WiiiniiicK- 07-31 52-18 35-81 30-06 1197 —0-10 -12-32 1414 39-10 .f)3-13 63-20 08-19 Brtttlofonl. 67-79 47-10 31 -.52 28-60 6-48 0-45 — 10--25 10-80 40-70 03-35 00-45 63-95 November ••• ••■ --••. December January February ... : March ... April ••• May Juno ... It '^^. noticed th:jt from To.;^ wosUv^d^^^^ ^ summer months, and as '^^^.^'j "S'^ . '^^ of jheat r ^^^ ._^ ^^.^^^ North-West is etpially as large (if notlarguj ooin ui i -f .tjiity of the soil, this United States, it would seem that in ^^^l ' Vhff-vS of sn w is also less in the temperature is very favourable o cereal crops. ^^^^^^/J^^ 1^76 it wa., Western portbn of the K;;""-'"-^ ]^^^l'^. J i^'thesnow is no drawback to tho ^J,i;;^':T\;;:'^::pt!'^Srare^^,^?i:trU'-a May. and harvested in August jind September. l.^ii Exlnii ^^ /rum the ' Cnhiit'iMtiou Ciivuhir ' Hclatiii^ In Cun^dlo. .•,;i. The soil is a deep alluvial ilrpnsit of unsurii.i'sed ricliness. It is mostly ]ira!rIo, nnil covered with f,'ra,4H. It producuH bomitifid crops of ccrcalo, grasses, ro.'t^ and vuKctablon. So rich is the soil that wheat has been cropped (iff the same place for fortv vears without manure, nud withotit showini; Hij,'iis of exhaustion. 'ri'ii! foUowinj; extracts from tlio reports of the Eni,'li.ih and Scotch farxicrfi, elected by the farnierH in their rcHpectivu dlHtricts, who went out to ('iUiada ill 1879 to report upon the country, are inlcrer^tin;,' and reliable on this subject : Mn. BiciOAH, The (Uramjc, Dolhfattii: 'As afield for whent-raisiuK. T ^^■'"'•'1 much jirefer Manitoba to Dakota. The first cost of the land is less ; the soil is deeper, and will stand more croppiii;< ; the Kiimi'le of wlieat is better, and the produce live troKt.' Mn. Geoiioe Cow.v.v, Amian, speaking of Mr. Mackenzie's farm, at Ibn-nside, says : ' I was certainly mu-prised lit the wonderful fertility of the soil, which is a rich black loam, averaKins abr)ut 18 inches of surface soil, on friable clay subsoil, ,1 and tj feet in.depth, beneath which is a thin layer of sand, lyin;^ on a stiff clay. The land is ipiite dry, and is well watennl by ti fine stream which flows tlirough it.' ' The land biitweon Kiipid City and the' As'•.: » "' ''« has grown it as high as 64 lb. per bushel. Oats hvst year (18/8 he had a y.eld of 88 bushels from two bushels of seed sown on one acre ; this year (1879) h.s estimate s from 75 t.> 80 bushels per acre. Mr. M. also grows excellent root crops his swede turnips averaging 30 to 35 tons ; and potatoes without any civre in cultivation, soiuu- . tines even not 'being moulded up, yield between 300 and 400 bushels of GO lb. Onions when cultivate:i are also very pi'olific, yiel.ling as much as 300 bushels per acre. Mangel also grows very heavy crops.^but 1 did not see any on the gri.und. ^ ' We spent a shoi-t time on the farm of Mr. McBeth, and walkeil over a field whi.Ii I was infurmed had been continuously under crop for fifty-four years. . . . 1 was told it would average 28 or 30 bushels per acre.' Mb. R. W. Gobdov, AHnan. ' Wheat may safely be estimated to yield with reasonable cultivation 30 bushels of 60 lb., and oats 60 bushels of 32 lb.' Mb. Lor,.\N, E'irl-:ton, gpepki.i- of the vield about High Bluff, says: 'The land here has grown wheat for forty years in' succession, yielding from 25 up to 40 bush(^ s per acre. There are not manv- oats sown here, but tho general produce is 70 bu^shels per acre. •Wo arrived at Portage on Saturday afternoon. ... He told us he had grown g.wd crops at an average of 32 bushels per acre of CO lb. weight." Mb. Snow, Fountain Hall, MitUothkin. 'I consider I keep safely within the mark when I say that, taking a good piece of land, it will produce 10 bushels the first year, and an average of 30 bushels for thirty years, without manure.' „ ,. , •' Mb. John Maxwei.i., Carlisle •I L'ive .an estimate of the cost of wheat crop in Dakota. The same sysl.'m may be uJ.4.ted in tho Canadian North- West to advantage .as the average yield, m. far as can be le.arned ,;n present inform.ati m, will be 8 to 10 bnshe s per acre higher than the Yield in Dakota, United States Territory, and every extra bushel produced tends to reduce tho first cost per bushel to the producer." All tho other delegates confirm these figures. ,.,„.„,., ., In Manitob-a, a homestead exemption law was passed in 18,2, which exempts from seizure for debt 460 acres of land, house, stable, barns, furniture, tools, farm implo- ments in use, one cow, two cxen, one horse, four sheep, two pigs, and thirty days pro- vender for same. . , . , . i Any person, male or female, having attained tho ago of eighteen years, can enter a claim for a (luarter section (ICO acres) of unappropriated Dominion lands, a« a claim for forest-tree planting, and will receive a patent on certain si.ecihed conditions and ..roof of cultivation. The fee for the necessary documents is 10 dollars. No person can take up both a tree-planting grant and a pre-emption ; but either one or the other can be secured in conjunction with the free grunts. rarm labourers can obtain from X'30 to £40 a year and board. 1' emale domestic servants 20s. to 243. per mouth with board. Mechanics earn from 8s. to l^s. '^'Thc'foUowing are the prices of horses, cattle, farming implements, and commodities ^""llSos per pair, about £G0 ; oxen per yoke, £2G to £30 ; cow, £G to £7 eych ; wa-gons, £16 to £18 each ; ox cart, £3 to £4 ; breaking plough and harrow from K £8* common ploughs, about £3 12s. ; reapers, £20 to £:30 ; mov.ers, A14 o £■26 ; spades 4s. 6d. ; shovels, 5s. ; hay-forks, 3s. ; nianure-for):s 4s Beef, od. to 7d. per pound ; pork, 5d. per pound ; flour, 21s. per barrel ; uitter, Is per ponn^l , Is per do^cii; broad, 4>d. to 5d. per 4 lb. loat. ; salt, 7d. io SJ. per lb. ; Itmncstciid Kxoiiii>tU. r>T l...M,.l i t.uv. 2.-. to 2.. n,l JUT II.. ; mwvr, 1.1. to (U. ; |.oflo.., lOcl. to U. (i.l. : tolmcoo, 2h. to 2h. .1.1. Cat oil, U. M. i-.t jta I-m I .i.Ih. thrcc-lmoi., iH. :!.!. each. Stout Huit of .L.tljin^ for a man, i:2 to iJ ; folt hats, fi«iii air. Proc gmiitn 111 Outurio. rrice of liiiids. Imiirovod {ari»!«. Siiil. CUiiiato. Mo.ins of cciniiiiuulca' tioii. Education. Cities imJ tuwim. Miiioralii. Jliiiiiifac- lures Hiid vxj>orts. Frno gmiils in ijucbmc. Crown land* Iluitiosteiid law. Soil. Minus and Fiulierius. CiHcg. Wages, prices, ma- )>uiu«t\>rs8< oNT.vnio. Kverv hea.J of a familv can oMaiii u fr^v h'ra.it of 200 ncrcs of land and any pornou 18 years of ago may obtain ino auivs in tli.; froo-iirant districts. llio chm- llitioiw aro : -15 aoron in uacli grant of 100 acror. t.. Us cleared and under crop in livu years- a liaWtal.le hoiHo at kant 16 fftt l.y 20 l.uilt ; and ix'swlcnco on tliu land at lai.st six months in oach year. Tliu patent is issued at the end of live years. Uncleared lands can also be purcliused at i-rices varying from is. to 40b. ih-t '"'"cleared and improved faniH with buil.lin<'s can bo b.J«-ht at from £» to £10 per acre The money can nearly always bo pai.l in instalments coverniK' sevral years. The soil of the country varies in uiiruiciit localities, but a largo proportion Is of the very best descripti.>li for agricultural purposes. , ,, „ . . , „. „■, •„, Tlie cliniat perfection in the open air. Tho province possesses excellent means of communication both by railways, ana by water through the lakes, and the river St. Lawrence, with aU parts of the Dominion and to the Atlantic ports. . , ^ , ., i i ».„,„„ Th'.- public schools are all free and non-sectarian. All resident children between the ages of 5 and 21 are allowed to attend them. ,. m * There are several large cities and towns in this province, among others Toronto, Ottawa, Ilainilton, London, Kingston, etc. , . . , i •i,,.- In mineral wealth it has great resources, producing iron, copper, ead, silver, marble, petroleum, salt, etc. Its immense forests of pine timber are well known. Its prineii.al manufactures are cloth, linen, clothing, leather, furniture, sawn timber, llax, iron and hardware, paper, soap, cotton, and woollen goods, steam c»g'nes and locomotives, woodenwan; of all descriptions, agricultural implements, etc. Cattle, sheep, and pigs, dairy and agricultural produce, and fruit are exported largely from this ii'rovince, and the trade is increasing rapidly. The rates of wages for farm labourers are from 403. to 60a. per month, with board and lodging ; for common labourer from about 3s to 4s. 2d. a day, without board and lodging; and for female domestic servants from 148. to £1 48. per montn, all found. Good cooks get lalhiT more. ,,.,.,„.. -n t i Provisions are much cheaper thanin England or m the Lnitcd States. Beef, vcal, and muttcm are from 3d. to Gd. per lb. ; pork, 4d. to 5d ; bacon, 6d to 8d. ; bread (best), 4ld. to M. per 4 lb. loaf ! butter (fre-sh). Is. ; salt (Utto, id. to 8d. per lb. , potiitoes. Is. M. to 2s. i.er bushel ; tea, 2s. per lb. ; sugar (brown), 4d. to 4 id. per lb.; iiiilk, 3d. per quart ; beer, la. 2d. to Is. Cd. per gaUon ; and tobacco, Is. to 28. ^'^''- QUEBEC. Upon elL'ht of the great colonisation roads, every m.ale colonist and emigrant being 18 years of age may obtain a free grr.nt of 100 acres. The conditions are that at tlie end of the fourth year a dwelling n.ust have been erected on the laud, ftnd twelve acres be under cultivation. Letters patent are then granted. Crown lands can also be purchased at 30 cents to 60 cents an .acre. The province h.ia a homestead law exempting from seizure, under certain con- ditions, the property of emigrants. . ., ^ ., t n, > The soil is of very good (juality, and its productions are similar to those of other parts of Canada. ,,.... ., .^ CJold, lead, silver, iron, copper, platinum, etc., etc., aro found ; but mining in this province is only yet in its infancy. I'ho.sphate mining is becoming an important Industry. Its value as a fertiliser is recognised in England anu Irauce, and largo quantities are being exported. . « nn7 pt't The fisheries are abuudant, and in 1876 the yield was of the value of 2,097,677 The principal cities are Quebec and Montreal, and there are many large towns. The reiuwks uwUu in the case of the pruviuce of Ontaiio 111 apply to QuwOeo also. tu Vuiiadtt. Rill^ar, 111. to <'i'I. ; j)iT Kalli'M. Vh'iU, X'artB u{ thu Dominion L^nt children between long others Toronto, copper, lead, silver, are well known. her, furniture, sawn floods, Bteanj engines )lfineutH, etc. Cattle, xported largely from iOa. per month, with s. 2d. a day, without bo £1 4s. per month, 2d States. Beef, veal, n. Oil. to 8d. ; bread 1, 7d. to 8d. per lb. ; ii), 4d. to4id. per lb.; d tobacco, Is. to 2s. ;olonist and emigrant he Conditions are that ted on the laud, and [ited. 1 .acre. e, under certain con- ilar to those of other ;1 ; but mining in this jconiing an important md France, and largo the value of 2,097,677 i many large towns. 0 111 apply to Qutibeo Eu-lracti from Uir. ' Colonhatinn Ciirulnr' Urhilhic, In Camuhi. 139 T Thi, is afforded by railway, and by the river St /'''V'^^"^- /.'''" 'Xh^ve --^n"'"'- cont 1 the two ^-roat port, of .hipn.ont -Montreal and t^-HlH.^ '"'J '"' ^J'^'J^ •';^ cation, extensive wh.ufi.«e accomui.Klalion, and ocean-go.ni,' vessels of 4000 tons ran bo moored alongr,idB the quayo. NK.W imUNSWTCK. Ttt* (rrnnf% New Bran6wii.k. "^''o"'r..vin-nt ..f 20 dollar, cash irutluctlo!i. Mitnufao- turo. Tjand in Nova ycotlik Soil. FUhcrlcs, rriro ol lauds. BRITISH COLUMBIA. This province, which includes V.incouver-s Island, is the most western of the provinces which constitute the Dominion of Canada, its boundaries being the llocky Mountains on the e.ost, and the Pacific Ocean on the vvest. It possesses many fine harbours, one of which (15urrnrd Inlet will probably form the terminus of the Canadian B.acific Kailway when completed j and Via miles of the line in this province are now under contract. . . , . c. j* , a Uca.ls of families, widows, or single nun, can obtain free grants of land from Land. ICO to 320 acres according to locality ; the fee is about 7 dollars. Surveyed lands can be purchivseU at 1 dollar per acre, p.iyablo over two years ; and improved farms cost from £1 to £8 per .acre. , .. r u • nriti«h Columbia has a large extent of valuable timber land, productive fisheries, which are increasing in value yearly ; gold and coal are also f;'""^! |" '''^.^'l 'l"'^"''' ties. The yield of gold fixjui 1858 to 187(5 was equal to about 40,000,000 dollars. Ooncral Description. ADDENDA. rYTPATT FnOAI A MKMORAXDUM PREPARED BY LIEUTLNAN T- ^ r^nAVvi'T T S WxNJs" UKi'UTY MINISTER OF THE INTEIUOR OF StP fJOVERNMl-i^sTm ON THE SUBJECT OF FIIEI ORANtI O^IaND i?D OTHER INFORMATION REARING OX THE PRICE OF LANDS, ltc, etc. Canada offers to actual settlers, aiul beads of families or male persons over llie ago of 18 f rue lands on the following terms: . , , , i i „. r .. Ky such i-crson Las tho choice of all unoccupied lands surveyed and open for '""oTre'lectins the quarter section or 100 acres .vhich ho dc.irci to settlo on as a home stcaOe aiicfrs Ht\he nearest land ollice. and has hi. name «»tcre'» for .t payj a the ti^me a fee of ,£2, as ovidcuco of his intention to settle n the land, cost of the Srvejs! and necessary documents, etc., ^vhich is all the land costs Inm, ««, by rc.u m, on an^d culv.vating tho same to a reasonable extent, accor.l.ng to ';•%"«=»"«•, ^h'^" years, ho becomes entitled to, and receivesaconvcyance in tec simple ^^^ • « 'a" 1 1 "". tlio Crown. 1 lo is allowed a period of two months (which is counted part of tho thuo years' occupation), after having his name entered and paying tho £2 ^co, within wh.cl ^"Td^s'rLfby'^hrseUlirrhc will be permitted at tho time of getting his namo entered at the hind office for his homestead or free grant, to have his name entered a i o for a second quarter section or tract of IGO acres adjoining his homes cad ; ihis is called his nre-emotion land. He pays on this also at tho time a fee of 12, winch is all tlio mXre^S of him on account of the same till he has fulfilled his three years' vesidcnce on his homestead, when he will have to make a payment on his pre-emption h.nd of four-tenths of the price tncreof, together with three years interest on tho price, at 6 per cent, per annum, after which he pays at the rate of one-tenth each ^ac .r f. f six yeail, with interest at the above rato, when ho will receive a conveyance ui too s'inple of the land from the Grown. ,....,! •* i „ * „, The orice of tiie pre-emption land vanes according to the distance it may be fioni railway accommodation. For instance, if the settler chooses his homestead within f ui ty miles of tho railway the price will bo 10s. per acre ; but if between forty and sixty miles, 8s. ; and if more than sixty miles distant, 48. per aero. , - „„r, t The settler therefore has it within his power to obtain a property of 320 acres of the best farming land for (in any case^ the maximum sum of 184 the payment ot wh'eli is purposely arranged to meet the circumstancee of persons of limited means (only 1 1 havin.' to be paid at the time of entry), and may be shortly stated as follows : To he paiil ill ruKh at the time of entcriiKj for Inn land At the end of ifire( years from that time Leaving due, payment of which is mado in ax subsequent annual inslithnents of £8 each Total £1 ■62 48 0 0 £81 0 0 J LIEUTENANT- rHE INTEIUOll JECT OF fih;h \1UNG ON 'I'llH orsons over tlie ago fcycd and open for lettlo on as u homc- cd for it, payin<; id 0 land, cost of the him, us, by rcwidiii;,' lis nieana, for tbicu le for the land from id part of tliQ tlirco '.2 fee, within whicl : getting his naniu 9 name entered also stead ; this iscallud ;2, which is all tlic Hod his three years' on his pre-emption ars' interest on the one-tenth each jcir a, conveyance in feu ince it may be from nestead within f 01 ty een forty and sixty erty of 320 aoro-s of e payment of whi^li .ted means (only I" t as follows : ill ■62 0 0 .qucnt 48 0 0 £81 0 0 14t Adiliiiihi. s, M n» ..c «ui.«i. i., ;;.« v.,« sunii., ,M., ivo ™u,, „t u.c ...c, ... Bccuro his J-JO aoics would stand thus : ^ ^ To bo paid in cash as abovo ... ... j., j,- ,) M the end ..f three years fr;Mn t'-^^J ''.l'-^, .-^,„, '-f ,,. .V lAMvi.r-' d'le, to l.e paid in >ix aiiT.uil iii-t lUntnis . r .. . . . ca.: T'.til U is to bo nnder.ood th.it n..th.r ..o . beforo^^^^ S'::.;^li^err^.:"i;^/^^it;:^tJin.c unpaid The mode of «"rvoy of the lands is nmfmm^ oach-that is. six miles on each The Townships are aid ont '"/^^'.^.^'f^.'^J^J.^X sections, which are in turn sub- ,ido-the«o are divided into single .^'i^.-X?, 'res ,o taininu 100 acres each, divided into .pmrter sections "'• h'''^'^''^ ^^IJ''^^;";^)'';'^^^^^ numbered fromtho SoS£!^^;\Xi^^^^^'' M. «tc.. etc.. etc.. making .6 section. •" '^he Government l^o declared i^at ij-^^"^-';:^ ^!^ ^^oJi ?i velii^ - etc.. etc.. ^^^-!i^'-::izS::^^^s:4^^^^^^ ?*^;mdV-pav-for the eon^tn^ctu^ C3f tj. C^-^^ ,1 ;;^r "'Fo^i^octli/li Ivm^S: ;!^;8 and 20. Ivro reserved in .ich rownsliu> J ono-twentietn oi ino uuma •» v..« > .Twin b, .-„ .h.. p.»i j™ », n?..Svt:'^r,iS;s\4^" a fund to pav for the pre-emptions, r our »octioiii, 1 1 f '^^,[!;,"";J,,^,^"'J„^,',' t 'fin- 'sdiools--'and"the latter re Bay Company, ' " ' ^ By this it equal number . leaving an equal area of railway -, •■■•-' „„„.:-,,,« £ ocLpier^ of adjoining ^^-ScVrtSn "t"K ' within 5 miles of the railway, The railwav lands arc «";»•"• j^^out a scheme to settle commiinitics on Should it be considered cs^^ntu in carryin oui j;^ , T^e undersigned homestead lands, provision could "° ^^^^^V'ana^a has nvoved beyond question that would however observe, that f P"';S"i„'*J ff rom tL older provinces are found those settlements succeed best on ^Xl^^J^P3,'',ro practical and self-reliant and intermixed w th the »7;,"=°"^, f;,,,\S tliKlplc furnished by even a few of such educated in the ways of the "^^^ "t^y-^"!^J^° U Seat value to the latter in showing ^art^bSird SL^'anf sS^^^^^ up^laud, to provide for stock through tho winter, etc., etc. j^j ^ received by agents specially ap- ,oLX:^r,i.l''2'X^^^^^ Sui^o them to the funds which may have ^-J^^DSiSnKernmentsome,yea.ago^ gration, by which it was provided ^bf * P^ ''""^ '^"J^'^^J'/i ^^ng^, to furnish them also with immigrknts and place tUem on honiestcads to eieU bu,_Kung ^^.^^^ ^^ tho necessary fainu ^Pl^"^^" ^.'"^J.^^.^J ^'^ ad be recuvcd in each case to the extent over till they were able tVilwlihferrt thereon at the rate of 0 per cent, per of 2U0 dollars, equal to 140 with "'"i^^^f * ;, '""ti^^ homestead of tho immigrant, annum till paid, by the same be"'g |"^<1° j^ j ^'^ J by the Crown till such sum and and that no patent for the land ^b°"^^„°^ Srantea oy i advantage of to any :_* * 1,,^ l>onn naid. This provision was nowcver uou nin.fimnt on '■■■^■■w i^T;x;;rhad been paid . Thu'piUln w^^^^^^^^^ h^t"t:trandTr:-emptip> extent, and upon the adoption of ^]^°^,^^X the proposal to assist settlers on th.ir lands ind railway lands, it was [ff^J^J" lta^Sir ?n England, the Canadian Govern- 142 AchleivJa. provisions of the repealed Act ao as to secure repayment of any moneys advanced for tL'o purposes above mentioned. ,. , .• i i ut There is no reason wbatcvtr, solonR as people are sober and indnstnons, to UouOt of their success. The productive character of the land, the ff cilitv v-lth which it may bo placed under crop, there being no forest to be cleared, and no other difficulty in case the emigrant arrives on the land early enough in the season, in taking oil a crop the samo year, and finally the certainty of being able to get remunerative prices for everything ho can raise, tiirough he l^cal demand caused by the constant and rapid influx of popr.ktion and the construction of public works in the Territories, all con- ■.ribiito to render certain a measure of success to the emigrant, co-oxtoiisivo with hia personal thrift and industry. • , . ., rx The climate of tho territories is undoubtedly healthy and congenial to the conutitu- tions of the inhabitants of Europe. ,•,,.,• r -r The prospects of married men, wl»o, without means, are placed with their families on homesteads, are rendered all tho better from tho fact that for some years tho demand for labour in connection with the construction of railways now pvogresaii..^, and of others contemplated, will afford tlicm opportunities after tho crops arc put in, and then again in the autumn after harvest, and through tho winter, of Kupplemcnting tho profits of the farm by earnings which will enable them the sooner to make their families comfortable, and to pay o£E tho moneys which may have been advanced for their benefit. . , ,. ^ o . i • Under the conditions of the Homestead Law three years occupation of the land is required in order to entitle the settler to the full ownership of the same, but the settler may be absent from his homestead for si-K months in each year of the said period, and where the man's family remain on tho land and work it to a reasonable extent (which may well be done where there are children of sufTicient age), the head of the faiiiily may if he chooses, work -way from home throughout the whole of each year. The avcags wa^es paid at the present time to men working on railway construc- tion in that country are 63. per day, out of which they pay for board 2s. per day or r2s. per week, leaving them nett 4s. per day for their labour. With regard to the amount of money which would bo necessary to pay the emigra- tion expenses cf an average family of tho poorest class, and place them on land in the North-Wcst, under circumstances wuich would ensure their subsistencij till they obtained a crop, it is safe to say that from ^80 to £i'M judiciously expended would cover tho e cpe..se. A portion of this sum would require to be spent for actual neces- saries of a character such as outfit, household requirements, and clothing, which people able to pay their own way would already have in possession. A family of the class last referred to, therefore, going out independently, could, by careful management, place themselves comfortably on land at a considerably less cost than tho sum meu- tioned. of any moneys advanced for lor and industrious, to doubt 10 ff cility vlth which it may d, and no other difficulty in season, in taking oft a crop get remunerative prices for by tlio constant and rapid B in the Territories, all con- ijj'rant, co-oxtoasivo with his nd congenial to the conutitu- 10 placed with their families .ct that for some years the )f railways now pvogresaii.^, !S after the crops arc put in, ho winter, of Kupplemcnting em the sooner to make their nay have been advanced for ^- irs' occupation of the land is p of the same, but the settler year of the said period, and 3 a reasonable extent (which ige), the head of the family e whole of each year, vorking on railway construc- lay for board 2s. per day or our. necessary to pay the emigra- s, and place them m land in fo their subsistence till they judicioufily expended would to be spent for actual neces- ts, and clothing, which people sion. A family of the class Lild, by careful management, less cost than the sum meu- INFORMATION FOR INTENDING SETTLERS IN CANADA. ^ T.IK best t;:.e to start for Canada i. ai^^ S^^^'S^,:;Ji^rLam.hip Lines, whosO When it has been ^decided to fe^' °"^,,^^y'',,,ould be written to, so as to secure ^:sr^::^:^t^rX^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^-'' «^^^^^^' """'""- •^^^^:tSrL any of the l^^^^^r'^^"^^^^^'^^^^^^ depends upon the class of passage that - f^^ „^^>°,tt,:;?°„, p,,,age' is .tO Gs.. but £18 ; the intermediate is £8 8s. , and tne «;<""^ -^ „, j ° ^J ^ate, which can bo agriculturists and domestic servants ''"■^.^''^^^^'t^the Government offices, who will £28 the saloon passage. Passengers aie aavisea *^'HS^ secure a berth in the steamers it is necessary to send a deposit of £5 for a intermediate, and ten to t.:ch steerage ,.^ ^^ Canada, or upon any of the Canadian G°J^«™";."Se'bedding and certain utensils for use on board, Steerage P^^sseMgers have to pi ovule bed^^^^^ Companies. They can be pur- which are ei^umorated in the ^'?^"*' o^, ^,'1^, ^*^^^^^^^ from some lines-for a few cha.sed at tbc port of embarkation or laed for the vo> a e^ ^^^ passenger. Bhillings-leaTing bed covermg on y (a rug »' °^^ ! ^^^^^^^^^^^^ i„ Canada, and they Government agents are ,«taU. 'led at the pi k^^^^^ ,^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ should be inquired for on ai^ival They %v 1 1 t «>i m ' ^ districts, farms and other lands open for Bettlement in ^J^-^ ^^^^P^^^^^^f P;°^el, distances, expenses of S^^^nSTr^^i^^t^^^-^ 1^- ^^^"-- ''^ -''-" '-' '"' ^"^ ^^^^r^'cS^^vf^^d^Tina^^^^ .a^ bS^i^ir^^;^ x^9^^9££- ,s? n.;id Kuh: remark will apply to any persons ^'1;°^ f th°'^^g\\°J K suffloiei: ^,,^ to euabto adapt themselves to agricultural pursuits, ana wuo uuyc o ''T Protco ?alrrs and persons with capital, seeking investment. MB j^^ AdJenila. 3. Male and female farm labourers, female domestic servants and country "** TLe'dasses warned against emigration are females above the grade of servants clerkx shopmen and persons having no particular trade or calling, and unaccustomed to manual labour. To this class Canada offers but little encouragement. The following are the Government agencies in Great Bntam and Ireland : CHIEF OFFICE : 10, Victoria Chambers, London, S.W., Mr. J. CoLMEK, Secretary. LIVERPOOL.. .Mb. John Dyke, 15, Water Street. GLASGOW Mk. Thomas Gkahame, 40, St.. Enoch Square. BELFAST Mr. Charles Foy, 2t), Victoria Place. DUBLIN Mr. Thomas Connolly, Northumberland Houao. BRISTOL Mr. J. W. Down, Bath Bridge. Intending settlers should communicate with these officers if in want of any informa- tion or advice : and should arrange, if sailing from any of the above places, to call upon the Government Agent before their departure. The following are the agents of the Canadian Government in Canada :— OTTAWA Mr. W. J. Wills, St. Lawrence and Ottawa Railway Station, Ottawa, Ontario, . n l ■ TORONTO Mk. J. A. Donaldson, Sfcrachan Avenue, Toronto, Ontario. MONTREAL... Mr. J. J. Daley, Montreal, Province of Quebec. KINGSTON ...Mr. R. Macphkrson, William Street, Kingston. • HAMILTON... Mr. John Smith, Great Western Railway Station, Hamilton. LONDON Mr. A. G. Smythe, London, Ontario. HALIFAX Mr. E. Clay, Halifax. Nova Scotia. ST. JOHN Mr. J. Livingstone, St. John, New Brunswick. QUEBEC Mr. L. Stafford, Point Levis, Quebec. WINNIPEG ...Mr. W. Hespeler, Winnipeg, Mauitoba. DUFFEttIN...MR. J. E. TfiTO, Dulferin, Manitoba. ROOTS AND VEOETABLES IN CANADA. The following certificate lias been given by Messrs. Sutton and Sons, Seedsmen, of Reading, in reference to the Canadian roots and vegetables exhibited on their fctand at the biniihfield Club Cattle Show in December last. •Reading, Dec. 21st., 188a. 'We were honoured by the Canadian Government forwarding for oxhibifon on our stand at the Pniithfield Club Cattle Show, 1880, a collection of roots, etc., grown in Manitoba and Ontario, of the following weights, when harvested. Squash ... ... ... 313 lb. Long Red Mangel ... ... 7j> „ Long Yellow Mangel ... ... CS „ Yellow Globe Mangel... ... .» > .1 ) ,, )" ' II st to the British fanrors, roN AND Sons.' .ft /■) %'■} G^^lSr^^lDJi^ IlsT 1880. E E P O K T S or TENANT FARMERS' DELEGATES ON TBB DOMINION OF CANADA A3 A I FIELD FOE SETTLEMENT. SECOND SERIES. I It PuhlisheA hj Authority of the Department of AgrmiUtire of the Government of Cunada. 1881. L isa