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Sevcial yoars nfro the city was incorpt>r.iteil, aiul municipal institutions introiluced. This step for- ward has proved most benelicial, aiul the wise administration which successive city councils have alVorded, has placed the city in a pi>sition which is the envy o( her sister municipalities. Previous Junctitin »»(' tlif Niirtli .uul Soiilh TIuMnpson Rtver?*, nc:tr lv.-iii)k>ops, II. C into the c untry, Kamloops, from the central posi- tion it occupied, at once became a place of import- ance. The Hudson's Kay Company, that f^reat pioneer of settlemeiil -i Hritish North Ameiica, had already established a post here, and this formed the nucleus around which the trading' business of the place {^athereil, aiul i^iwc Kam- loops its start as the comiiu^rcial centre of the interior. For many years it was the only place of importance in the country east of the niinini^ camp at ^'ale, and it was luit until the Canadian Pacific Railway had been built, and the mines of the re- moter intc-ioi- had bejjun to be opened, that it had a rival. During the past ten years the progress of Kam- loops ha.s been steady and substantial. It is the seat of government for llie \ ast Vale district. to incorporation private enterprise had put in a waterworks system and an electric light plant. These have since been acquired by the city, and municipal ownership of two very important genera! services has been assured practically for all time. Since taking over the old plants, they have been greatly changed and iaiproved, so that the service is now equal to any and superior to most of those in the other cities of the l'ro\ince. Notwithstanding this enterprise on the part r-f the city, the rate of taxation is much lower than in any other city in Hritish Columbia, testifying to the wisely economical course that has all along been pursued in the general expenditure. .As the illustrations in subseciuerit pages oi' this book will show, K.miloops is most channingl- located. The citv nestles beneath a range of ..-■.. miH! "WWII,-. "("iMB' !■ 1 ! ' velvet prairie benches, and stretches itself along the south banks of the Thompson River. It is noted for the salubrity of its climate, and enjoys during the year probably as many sunny days as any other city in the northern hfilf of the continent. Until recently the chief industry of the country surrounding Kamloops has been cattle raising, but this has now dropped to a secondary position, the enormous possibilities of mining development having brought about a new era of prosperity. It was only last year, in the middle of the summer, that the first -of the sensational discoveries of copper- gold ores was made on Coal Hill, situated about three miles to the south of the city. Cattle and cowboys had been ranging over that hill for many year-;, yet it was never suspected that it and neighboring hills held hidden from view in their rocky depths the marvellous wealth which it now seems cortai-i that they contain. Kamloops felt that a fresh elixir had been injected into the veins of her commerce and industry. The spirit of are invited to come and see for themselves and share in the riches of the land. It will be seen that Kamloops possesses all the requisite elements for a great smelting centre. A glance at the map will show the ease and con- sequent cheapness with which ore, coal and (if necessary) fluxes could be transported here. The coal of the North Thompson River is a first-class coking article, and the measures lie only fifty-two miles to the north, where they can be reached nearly the year round by steamboat^. Competent metallurgists pronounce the copper- gold ores of Coal and adjacent hills to be perfectly self-fluxing. A tramway a few miles long would bring these ores to Kamloops at a merely nominal price, and with cheap coke, landed by steamer at the doors of the smelter, the conditions for economical smelting could scarcely be improved on, and would be unequalled at any point in the West. These favorable conditions add greatly to the value of the ores produced. I ! h Old M.-iii's Home, K.imloops. B.C. enterprise was enlarged and intensified, a new and grander future looming up. In the course of this book, descriptions will be found of the discoveries on Coal and adjacent hills, and in the prep." .-:■ '.ion of these descriptions the greatest care h. ■ been taken to set forth in the most accurate man iier what they amount to. There is nothing to be made by exaggeration, for the plain truth itself is marvellous. Upwards of three hundmd mineral locations have already been made in the localities mentioned, and the showing is such that the hills may be termed mineral masses. Further on in these pages we describe the great silver deposits at Adams Lake, the coal measures of the North Thompson River, the cinna- bar mines at Copper Creek (Savonas), the Glen iron mine, the Tranquille hydraulic operations and the great mica discoveries at Tete Jaune Cache. All these will give an idea of the almost illimitable possibilities of mining development here. What is needed is capital to inaugurate and carry on the work in the new mineral sections. Capitalists Amongst the railway certainties of the future is a line from Kamloops up the North Thompson River into Cariboo. It is the only feasible route for a railway into that great uistrict, and the renewed activity among the hydraulic and placer miners of Cariboo has already drawn forcible attention to the necessity for greater facilit'es of transportation. Another railway will sooner or later be built southward from Kamloops through to the Boundary and Trail Creek dis- tricts, connecting there with railw "s south into the United States, west to the Pacific Coast through the Hope Mountain Pass, and east to the Northwest Territories through the Crow's Nest Pass. PVoni all this it will be seen that the Kamloops Milling Camp is building on a foundation which gives promise of the very greatest solidity. Gold, silver, copper, cimiabar, lead, iron, coal, are the minerals which chiefly abound in the country con- tiguous to Kamloops. lemselves and ssesses all the elting centre, ease and con- coal and (if id here. The is a first-class only fifty-two n be reached :e the copper- ;o be perfectly js long would lerely nominal by steamer at onditions for be improved y point in the idd greatly to KAMLOOPS MINES. THE CONDITIONS OF THEIR OCCURRENCK ANP COMMERCIAL VALUE. (Written flpccially for this publication by \V. Thos. Ni'w man, I^. M.) of the ful:'..re rth Thompson feasible route trict, and she ilic and plac'er rawn forcible ;ater facilit'es y will sooner )m Kamloops lil Creek dis- "s south into Pacific Coast , and east to h the Crow's the Karnloops ndation which ilidity. Gold, coal, are the ; country con- WHAT is properly considered "Kam- loops Camp " is a circumscribed area consisting of that pari of tiie Kam- loops mapsheet, which comprises the mountains known as Coal Hill and Sugar Loaf Hill and the slope to the south as far as Jocko Lake. From east to west this is, roughly speaking, a distance of about eight miles, and from north to south it measures approximately throe to five miles. Other camps, from the famous cinnabar mines of Savonas, twenty - five miles west, to the new camps surrounding ShuswapLake, one hundred miles or more to the east, and from the gold finds of Stump Lake, twenty-five miles south, to the silver-lead deposits at Adams Lake, sixty miles from Kam- loops via North Thomp- son River, are commercially tributary t o Kamloops City. But this brief sketch is to be confined to the above outlined Kam- loops Camp -a camp, by the way, with miiterials and promise sufficient amply to supply the subject matter of a whole volume. The whole area of the camp is occupied by eruptive rocks, cut and s! **ered by trap dykes. The drift material covers all but the topmost peaks, and the formation is, therefore, seen with dilliculty. The best exposure and the only precipice of note is on the southwest side of Sugar Loaf, which rises abruptly to a height of about 600 feet. The line of greatest local fracture is the continuation of this mountain to the northwest, and many claims are located on the mountain itself and to a distance of about two miles in the aboxe direction. To the southeast the dislocation is not observable in the same marked manner, but the nutnber of claims located on the line of strike, with the favorable appearance of many of them, would indicate the continuity of the disturbance in this direction. The general line of fracture on Coal Hill is appar- Lont' Prospcftor Mint'. North Thompson Kivi'r. ently east by north and west by south, .md the direction of the dykes at varying angles, northerly and southerly. The fissure ai the Python claim runs east and west with no signs so tar of being cut by a dyke or by faulting. .\t the Iron Mask the ore is banded along a trap dyke bearing exiictly magnetic north (N. 23 I-;.) which forms the foot- wall. On the Bonnie Ktta, adjoining, the strike of the vein is southwest, which is also the direction at the Lucky Strike. The surface indications exhibit four distinct characteristics. The more common consist of blue and green stains of copper carbonates with some brown or red injn oxide, coloring the Hoat in a given direction. Here considerable digging in gravel is necessary to strike the lead. In other places the dioritic rock on being broken shows more or less mineral sprinkled through it over a certain space. These places vary from a few feet to where (as at the Py- thon) a space 30 by 700 feet is occupied by the split vein. Again, less often, the rock sliows an iron capping com- posed of de- composed rock and filled with iron pyrites, and here gold may s o m e - times be "pan- ned." Still another, and the le;ist fre- quent show- ing, is the out- crop of a vein of ore so rich in copper as to resist decom- position in this dry climate. Not sufficient development work has yet been done in the camp to demonstrate the features which mark the veins in an unaltered condition. The ores at the Iron Mask at a depth of (jo feet are still in part taken out with a sho\el as clean copper concentrates, running over 20 per cent, in copper, a quarter of an ounce in gold and a couple of ounces in silver. The iron in ilic haru ore is altered to the magnetic oxide, thougn some little pyrite and marcasite has been noticed lately. The gangue lilling the fissure at the Iron Mask consists of talc and hornblende with lime, and the ore is partly cemented with calcite and some free silica. A crosscut of 40 feet failed to disclose any hanging wall. A drift of nearly 100 feet on the footwall showed a continuous pay chute of clean ore, in places seven feet thick. Twenty-six feet from the footwall another pay streak is cut, showing a thickness of seven inches. Nearly 150 tons of shipping ore was taken out of 35 feet of this drift. wr. •r V I- il! ill w )i ! The Python has about 130 feet of development, which has exposed one wall, and is all in more or less good ore. The Lucky Strike has only a small prospect hole, also showing one good wall, and out of this about ten tons of clean ore was taken — "pay from the grass." The Chieftain shaft is down 50 feet and is in ore of a different character, being copper and iron pyrite, with hematite. The Iron King contains a series of dykes of pure magnetic iron running the full length of the claim. The Pothook and Bonanza show small seams of bornite and coarse gold. Work has only begun here. The Bonnie Etta shows peacock copper and white pyrites in quartz, mixed through a six-foot vein, which has two perpendicular walls with a complete selvage on each. All the veins having sufficient development show signs of great disturbance and crushing, but not enough work has been done to decide whether they are faulted to any extent or not. To the east, and also to the south, quartz ledges have l>een located, some of which show an ounce and a half of gold on assay. Altogether, the camp ha^s bright prospects as any in the Province on the .'^rowings already made, and its location gives it unusual facilities. Having the advantage of all kinds of ores — lime, silica, iron and coking coal — available by water carriage, it would seem to me that Kamloops possesses every requisite to make it the most advantageous smelter site in this inland country. A VERY promising group of claims on Sugar Loaf Hill is owned by Messrs. Dupont and Currie. They are the Smuggler Boy, Little Smuggler, Whale, Lone Star, Alonzo and Iron Duke. On the Little Smuggler and Lone Star open cuts of 15 and 20 feet have been made, disclosing strong leads of high-grade copper-gold ore. The work is proceeding under the charge of Mr. Currie, a thorough miner, and the prospect is capital. A substantial building for the workmen has been erected on the property. There is abundance of timber in the vicinity. Kamloops has a never-failing supply of lumber (rough and dressed), doors, sashes, mouldings, shingles and all other kinds of building materials of the tirst quality. They come from the extensive mills of Joseph Genelle, at Kualt. The Kamloops yard is kept constantly stocked and no delay is occasioned in executing orders of the largest size. The Kamloops Bonanza, situated on Dufferin Hill, is owned by J. H. Russell and others. A shaft has been sunk about 30 feet, and the work is proceeding. They are going down on the hanging wall, and the shaft on three sides is in rich ore all the way. J. H. Morrison is down about 20 feet in a shaft on the Evening Star claim, which lies to the southeast of the Lucky Strike claim on Coal Hill. A shaft is also being sunk on the Tom Thumb claim adjoining. THE PYTHON. x'TLMOST the first — if not ient work was ed Mr. Robert loroughly cap- uired only a o or 12 feet, ore produced. ;tory, the ore a value as being copper, 5er cent. The )ld and silver, k was pushed aft, which was Irift of 15 feet at the bottom crosscut going s and into the neral appears, 3ssland mining lich is OP the 3, but sufficient The bottom 35 feet. The endicular, and he way down, ore is on the will run from d about $5 in .rge quantity of ting has been las been traced feet, the great ring its further its or pyrites and magnetic gold. The ore n panning the are frequently I now proposes ench below the ■ein about 100 and about 140 t shaft will also the tunnel for of the tunnel I west. There ;he increasing jes down, that ill warrant a ase it is r o- 30t of the ' !1, e vein at the len completed of ore for a DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASURES OF THOMPSON RIVER. THE NORTH r \OUR years ago a limited liability company was formed at Kamloops to develop the coal deposits of the North I'honipson. They lie about fifty-two miles due north of the city, and are situated on No-Whi- Kwalston Creek, at its junction with the Thompson on the easterly side. The main exposure occurs on the creek mentioned. The company put in a tunnel on the strike of the seam about 50 feet, and then a drift was made on the dip of the seam about 45 feet. Out of this opening- some 240 tons of coal was taken, mainly from the dip. This coal was brought down to Kamloops, and under- went sundry tests to deter- mine its value. It was assayed Ly W. Pellew- Harvey and Campbell Johnson, of Vancouver, who reported the following: PER CBNT. Coke 70 Fixed car- bon 61 Ash 8 Volatile matter (about) ... 25 Sulphur. I to i/^ Further test.s were made as to the steam- ingqualities of the coal. A quantity of it was placed on the Canadian Pacific Rail- way Company's engines, and the following letter of Mr. R. Marpole, superintendent of the railway, shows the result : " I beg to report that the test of the small quantity of North Thompson coal delivered to us for that purpose was successful in demonstrating it to be a good steaming coal, suitable for use on our locomotives. A run of about 100 miles, with a standard train, was made with this coal, and the engineman pronounced it good in every respect, save that it contained a quantity of dirt and slate, which somewhat militated against a fair test in steaming. To his report he adds his opinion that ' if this coal is properly picked and screened it would be considered a first-class article.'" The coke produced, according to the assayers' reports, was a firm and serviceable article suitable for the smelting of ores, and this, in connection with its favorable reception by the railway as a steaming coal, shows the commercial viihie of the product of these measures. The coal that was View en Clearwater Ri\-er, taken out was really what might be regarded as the croppings. The roof of the tunnel is of hard, sound sand- stone, and comparatively little timber would be required in mining. Throughout the tunnel on the strike the seam varies from 38 to 42 inches in thickness with a four-inch parting of sandy shale and immediately next the pavement a similar sandy shale about four inches thick. On the dip the seam varies from 42 to 54 inches, with partings of sandy shale. The coal is very hard, compact and clean, can be mined with very little waste, and the seam is constantly increasing in thickness on the dip. Below the seam which was worked, as described above, there is another seam ten feet below, which measures four feet at the cropping and shows signs of running into the upper seam at no great distance on the dip. The quality of this is not equal to that of the up- per seam, al- though it would prove a good, useful coal. Miners who have ex- amined it have pronounced it cannel coal. There are also indications of other seams of coal underly- ing these, to- wards the river, which have not been opened up. This ground could be pros- pected togreat advantage withadiamond drill. There is an abundant supply of fir and cedar timber on the property, conveniently situated, and the water of the creek could with reasonable expediture be used for power purposes, and alwajs provides an abundant supply for other purposes. The grade is most favorable for the construction of a tramway from any point in the neighborhood of the present tunnel to the river bank or to any intermediate point. The 240 odd tons of coal taken out of the tunnel mentioned was brought to Kamloops by steamer, and much of it was used by citizens for domestic purposes. It was found equal, if not superior, to any other British Columbia coal for household use. Prof. G. M. Dawson, in his report on the geologi- cal survey, pronounces it a "true coal." The company formed at the time mentioned to develop these seams did little more than the work alluded to. They had done enough to demonstrate the value of the seams, and wanted capital to proceed with the work. But at that time mineral development in British Columbia was at a stand- ta^m Wi»Mi^iwM # tit 1 1 ; ' liii I m\\ still. The depression in silver had "scotched" the white metal for the time being, and the limited market at Kamloops for coal did not seem to offer sufficient inducement for capital to justify the ex- penditures that were necessary to properly open up the North Thompson mine. Thus, with abun- dance of coal only 50 miles or so away from home, Kamloops continued to receive its supply from a point six times as far distant. But the position of affairs has completely changed since that time. The stagnation then prevalent in mining has given place to extraordi- nary activity, and three or four large smelters, requiring a good quality of coke, are now in full operation, whereas at that time not one was working. The discovery of what looks like in- exhaustible quan- tities of ric copper-gold o-e near Kamloops, has turned atten- tion to the North Thompson coal measures in the most pointed fash- ion, and there is no doubt that in the very near future they will be thoroughly work- ed. From what appears in the ex- pert reports re- garding the coal, it could be worked economically, and with the use of barges the cost of its transport down the Thompson River to Kamloops would be not much more than nominal. As soon as the Kamloops camp begins to ship 100 tons of ore a day then will there be a demand for one or more smelters, and with these in operation a market for the coal would be beyond question. Under these conditions, the smelters at Kamloops could be fur- nished with coke at a lower rate than at any other point in the Province, while at the same time the profits to the coal miner might be greater. This summer it is confidently expected there will be a revival of operations on a more extended scale at the North Thompson mine. But capital is needed. Mr. W. H. Whittaker. On the Kimberley claim, owned by W. H. Brown and others, and situated on Jocko Creek, to the south of Coal Hill, a tunnel 100 feet long is run to crosscut the ledge. About ^:•.!fthe neces- sary work has been done. MR. W. H. WHITTAKER. IN the rapid movement forward that has marked the progress of Kamloops during the past few years, no one of the younger men of the com- munity has taken a more active and prominent part than Mr. W. H. Whittaker, barrister, an engraving of whose handsome features adorns this page. He is by birth an Englishman, having been born at Stalybridge, Lancashire, thirty-two years ago. He came with his parents as an infant to Rhode Island, and lived there till he had reached the age of 12. In 1877 the family moved to British Colum- bia, coming once again under the beloved flag of the Old Land. They took up their resi- dence in Victoria, and there the boy of 1 2 grew t o manhood. He received his educa- tion chiefly in the Collegiate School ofthe Capital City, and afterwards studied law in the offices of Mr. J. P. Walls and Mr. Charles Wilson, Q. C, and was called to the Bar in 1889, and ad- mitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court of British Columbia in May, 'Sg. He came to Kamloops in Jime of the same year, and has since been a permanent resident of this city. In iSgo he was married to Miss Janet White- ford of Allan Park, Ont. Mr. Whittaker was mainly instrumental in securing the incorporation of the city, having waged a winning battle in this matter against the powerful land owners, whose interests it was thought by them would be preju- dicially affected by the establishment at that time of municipal institutions here. However, time has amply demonstrated that their fears were groundless and that the position taken up and successfully maintained by the rising and energetic \iumg barrister was the best in the interests of all concerned. Since the incorporation of the city Mr. Whittaker has held the office of City Solicitor, and has performed the duties pertaining thereto with marked ability. He enjoys a large and lucrative law practice, and deservedly shares in the confidence and public esteem of the community as a whole. 12 ^KER. 1 that has marked iring the past few men of the com- ve and prominent ker, barrister, an itures adorns this flishman, having ishire, thirty-two rents as an infant 0 Rhode Island, nd lived there till le had reached the geofi2. In 1877 he family moved 0 British Colum- lia, coming once gain under the leloved flag of the 31d Land. They 00k up their resi- lence in Victoria, ind there the boy )f 12 grew to nanhood. He eceived his educa- ion chiefly in the Collegiate School )fthe Capital City, ind afterwards studied law in the jffices of Mr. J. P. kValls and M r . Charles Wilson, 3. C, and was :alled to the Bar n i88g, and ad- Tiitted a solicitor jf the Supreme L^ourt of British [Columbia in May, 'Sg. He came lo Kamloops in |une of the same yfear, and has since been a permanent resident of this :ity. In 1890 he was married to Miss Janet White- ■. Whittaker was the incorporation ling battle in this id owners, whose 1 would be preju- -nent at that time However, time their fears were ion taken up and sing and energetic the interests of all ration of the city e of City Solicitor, aining thereto with irge and lucrative 2s in the confidence nity as a whole. 1^ s! I: iK"i ' rl :a i' 'f til itiauuem»Atm:t--i ^^ L'^Slk.-i^uU^ '•n5Vf.!>- COAL HILL MINING CAMP z\ ss so 46 40 ,^^ 45 It 10 IDFFERIN HILL rnnMi'ii» THOMPSON ! I &: a 1 1 p Pi 'I it t i It agftsss'jJSM^wwwff E r SI 4 Key to Map. ^ No. I I ^'1 Namr op Mink Namk ANr> Aiiukkss ok Manaokb OK OWNKR. Python 1 , Inland Mining; and Develop- Nocnday I m«nl Co. Kamloops. Camperdown Tho§. Sweeney, " Evening; Star J. H.Morrison, " Sunshower U:„ 10, '3- 14. 16. 3 4- 5- 6. Bonus J-Bijt Six Gold and Copper 7. Prospect j Mi'iingfCo., Rossland. 8. Iron Mask .... 9. Copper Queen Bonnie Elta UV. Thos. Newman, M. Sunrise I Kamloops. 12. Bonnie Olive Emery K. H. Nelson, Kamloops. Golden Tip J. H. Morrison, " Norma C. W. While, " Golden Star L. V. Bennett, 17. Glencairn John Goddard, ' 18. Erin M. Beattie, 19. Monarch R. H. Lyons, " 20. Asbeline M. J. Mclver, ' 21. Tonny P.Duffy, 22. Kentucky A. S. McArthur, 23. Tom Thumb Mclver & Blair, 24. Smuggler Boy 25. Little Smuggler 26. Alonzo 27, Iron Duke. Dupont & Currie, Kamloops. Kamloops. i8. Whale 29. Lone Star 30. Blue Bird. J. H. Morrison, 31. Three Friends J. H. Woodside, 32. Phcenix Thos. Barrett, 33. Black Cat D. W. Rowland, 34. Northern M. J. Mclver, 35. Neighbour Mclver & Blair, 36. Champion Mclver & Blair, 37. Tillicum Frisken & Powers, 38. Noonday H. E. Hall, 39. Sentinel F. J. Deane, 40. Little Ethel ... P. Herod, 41. Copperopolis F. Rushton, 42. Lost Cabin 43. Before the Dawn 44. Kamloops Bonanza Russell&Batchelor.Kamloops 45. Coyote 46. Tony 47. Coss J. H. Russell, ■}a. G. Thy 11 ..Ru ■jo. S. Batchelor, Vancouver. Namr AMU AnriKiiHs or Manaokr OR OWNKK. jo. S. Batchelor, Kamloop*. I R. Buchannan, " Coal Hill Mining Co., N". Na.mk ok Mink, 48. Ore Fiiio 49. Vancouver so. Nanaimo 51. Jusl-in-Time 52. Luoky Strike James Guerin, .S ). Tailor 54. Chemist ,SS- Butcher 56. Miner 57. Eureka D. W. Rowland, 58. Scolia 1 59. Canada '-King Bros., " 60. Albion j 61. Copper Cent "j 62. Breedon -A.Craven, •' 63. Dominion j 64. Sunshower Thos, Spink, 65. Pedro . . Dr. Wade, 66. Gold from Gruss Roots . ..'V. Whiltaker, •' 67. Magnet Russell i\: Erick.son, ' 68. Lucky Dog J. L, Brown, •■ 6g. Last Chance -1 70. Chadotte ir- . , > Fowler, Cartel & Brown and 7 ' • K-'^berley j„h„ H. Lyons, Kamloops. 72. Morning Star J 73. Chieftain ] 74. Chieftain No. 2 J-R. H. Lee, 75. Edith ' 76. Golden Rule Hugh McLean 77. Big Horn J.H.Russell, 78. Wildcat 79. Little Alice 80. Cleopatra |Turner, Hardy & McDonald, { Kamloops. 81. Bonanza McDonald iS: Ford, " 82. Pot Hook » o , ,,. > Lyons, McDonald & Ford, 83. Iron King J Kamloops. 84. Boss H. Kelly, 85. Gold Mask Armstrong Ov: Russell, " 86. Laura D ( ■^"'■"«'"> ^"""^V ^^ Smith. I. Kamloops. 87. Gold Cup John Hepburn, " 88. Maude O. S. Batchelor, " 89. Shamrock Smith & Hill, " , . .. /Hill, Ford & McDonald, 90. Lakeside { •>. , ' '^ I. Kamloops. 91. Goodenough Clark & Smith, " 92. Bessie F.H.Kelly, Kamloops |r. H. Lyons, 13 i ADAMS LAKE MINES. nKSCRIPTION OP ONE OH THE MOST HROMISINC) (101.D- SII.VKR r.KOUP OF MINKS IN liRITISlI COI.UMIIIA. THH Yale Homestake Gold and Silver Mining Co., Ltd., O'vns seven claims adjoining each other on the north side of Pass Creek, which flows into Adams Lake, and about four miles from its mouth and at an elevation of about 900 feet above the creek. There is a jjood wajjon road to the property from Kamloops, a distance of fifty-six miles. The clain)s beiny; only twenty miles from theC. P. R. track, a little east of Shuswap Station, it is proposed to put a steamer and scows on the Adams Lake, which will reduce the distance by wagon road to ten miles, which, in the near future, may be turned into an elec- tric tramway, there being an abundance of water power on the .\dams River, which has a fall of 175 feet in less than four miles. During the summer months com- munication can be had by steamer upthe NorthThomp- son, thirty- eight miles, to r^ewis Creek, and thence in by wagon road, eighteen miles. Title.— Far four of the claims which have had the most workon, viz., Homestake, Troublesome, Maple Leaf and Argentum, Crown grants have been issued; the other three, Lytton, Eureka and Barita Appli- cation for certificates of improvement and Crown grants will be made during the coming summer. The Camp. — The Pass Creek Valley is from a half-mile to a mile wi'ie, heavily timbered with cedar, birch and fir, with rugged mountains on both sides attaining a height of from 2,000 to 2,500 feet. On the top of the northern range there is an extensive plateau which contains a lake and considerable swamp land. The water from this lake flows down the side of the mountain on the line between the Homestake and Troublesome claitns. This stream will give ample power for all the necessary machinery to run the mine and mill plant. Three hundred inches of water has been recorded for the company to be taken from a point 600 feet above the mill site, to which it will require only 2,000 feet of piping. This is considered Lone Prospector Tunnel. North Thompson River. ample for present requirements, but a fall of 1,800 feet can be had if required. Gcolufry. — The formation of tlie.ie claims is a talcose schist, light grey in color, dipping to the north at an angle of 25 degrees. Work Done. — There have been four tunnels run in crosscutting the ledges. The lower and principal one is 200 feet in length, striking the barita ore 175 feet from its mouth. To the west a drift was only run in a few feet on the vein, but to the east one was run some 35 feet. From this an uprise was made to the surface 130 feet, from which most of the 8(x) tons was taken, the whole of this distance being in solid mineral. On the Maple Leaf a good cabin has been erected with accommodation for ten men, with an addition to the side for the superintendent and assay olVice. There is aUo a good log stable with room for four horses. One hundred yards from the cabin a spot has been selected for the mill site, it being well adapted in every way. Atramlinehas been graded from the mill siteup the side of the moun- tain 840 feet to a point on a level with ore dumps. Ores. — Two distinct class- es of ore veins run parallel to each other. The quart/ and lower one carries grey copper, brittle silver, with some native leaf and wire silver, from which assays run as high as 3,000 oz. in silver and $120 in gold. The width of this vein is about forty inches, from which some forty tons are at present on the dump, the assay value of which is over $100 in gold and silver per ton. In addition to this, twenty tons of surface ore was shipped to the Everett smelter, which gave a return of ^<)% oz. silver and $3.71 in gold per ton. The other ore found above the first consists of barita impreg- nated with a small amount of galena carrying gold and silver. This vein, or deposit, varies in thickness of from 12 to 14 feet in the bed of the creek to 32 feet thick some 600 feet west. The whole of this is mineralized. The upper two feet on the hanging wall is of too low grade to pay for working. The whole is banded in appearance, some of these bands, or ribbons, being much richer than others. From this vein over 800 tons of ore have been taken out and carefully sampled and assayed, giving an average value of $12 a ton in gold and if \ i^ '. >\\ ■ilver. Of this ore Mr. Pelltw-Harvey, of Van- couver, gives ncon.servative e^itimate of there beiii^; 8o,ooij tons in si(;ht. For the past two yearx experiments have been goin^f on to find the best tnetliod of extraction at a minimum cost. With cyanide process the barita ore has been treated very satisfactorily, extractions being; as high as 91 per cent, with a cost of less than $4.50 per ton lor Ireatment, the ore only requiring to be roasted with 1 per cent, of sail, and the cyanide consumed being less than two pounds to the ton, but the hi^fh-grade ore could not be treated by this process on account of the grey copper ; therefore, the Russell process was tried, but found too expensive. The next experi- ments were made by Mr. Geo. Austin Schroter, M.E., of Denver. Col., with the new process which bears his name. By this method both the high and low-grade ores have been worked by him at a cost of less than $4 a ton (including royalty), to which add a cost of $t per ton for mining, the ore being very easily worked on account of it being soft. In bulk, one and a half tons of it only equals one ton of ordinary quartz. The following is from one o( Mr. Schroter's letters : "Have (nade the rollowing experiments an ore sent me : Low-grade Ore by Analysis — Insoluble residue 94 % Lime 0.4 1 " Iron, lead, sulphur, etc 5 " NoTK. — Insoluble residue is Gilica, sillcHte!i, and heavy spar, all of which are inert to chemicals ure- emptio'i and an additional 160 acres, making in all a 64o-ai:re block of splendid agricultural and pasture land, nds of high-grade ion is a widower, w years ago of a .. o^*°rson. Here he allotted span of Peterson resides, Trying his age as younger, looking , eventful and in- Jsome competence fht hand of fellow- ed to old and new itly as one of our litable energy and ved and emulated MR. HEWITT BOSTOCK, r\. P. THERK is no man in British Columbia, who is so comparatively a newcomer as Mr. Hewitt Bostock, who occupies any- thing like the attention in the public eye that he does. This distinction is, of course, attributable in large measure to the political prominence to which he has attained by his election last summer to a seat in the Dominion Parlia- ment as member for the vast electoral district of Yale - Cariboo - Kootenay. Com- ing as that election did, too, at the moment when the Conservative Government of the country was overthrown by the vote of the people, and he being a thorough-going supporter of the incoming Liberal Administration, a 1 1 eyes wei e turned upon the new man, for it was felt that in his hands had been placed a trust whose responsi- bilities were of the most momentous character, as affecting the des- tinies of the great district which he represents. It is a "tierce light that beats about " the representative of such a d'- t'-ict at a time of such im- portance in its history as this. Is he broad enough, tall enough and deep enough to grapple with the situation ? Is he the man for the occasion ? These are the questions that were asked, and which are now being solved by Mr. Bostock by the work he is doing for the constituency, both inside and out- side of Parliament. Mr. Bostock is an Englishman by birth, having been born at the Hermitage, VValthani Heath, Kpsom, on the 31st of May, 1864. He matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 18S2, graduated with malhematical iionors in 18S5. and th^ same year took his degree of Master of .Arts. Subsequently he read for the Bar, aiul was called at Lincoln's Inn, in 188S. Oit the com- pletion ol his legal studies, Mr. Bostock made the " grand tour " of the world, and it was while en route iiirough Canada, in '88, to the Orient that he first saw and admired British Columbia. He Mr. Iliultl DosUkU. M.P. was so much impressed with the prospects of the Province that he invested a large sum of money itr the,' ranch which he owns at Ducks, a few mil.'s east of Kamloops. Each successive summer found Mr. Bostock in British Columbia, looking after interests which v. jre constantly increasing by reason of the new investments that he was making. The large wealth which he possessed he was using in furthering enterprises of great importance in the development of the country, and public attention in this way was favorably directed towards him. .Although since 1888 Mr. Bostock has made annual visits to the Pro- vince, it was not until 1893 that he finally decided to take up his per- manent residence here. A handsome residence, finished and furnished in the old linglish style, was built at Victoria. Mr. Bos- tock in the mean- time had married Miss C o w i e , daughter of Mr. Hugh C o w i e , Q.C., Chancellor of Durham, and they took up their abode in the Capi- tal City. Mr. Bos- tock had started the publication of the Victoria /'ro- viiice, a weekl) paper devoted to politics and litera- ture chiefly. The paper was ably conducted, inde- pendent and radi- cal in tone, and began to exert a new influence in the politics of the Province. It is still being published and bears every appearance of being a prosperous enterprise. At the beginning of 1895 it was expecte<' that the Doininion Parliament would be dissolved, and a general election held within a iew months. The Liberals and those who for one reason or another had become dissatisfied with the Conservative Government then in power, under the leadership of Sir Mackenzie Bowell, began to look about for a candidate to stand for the immense constituency of V'ale-Cariboo-Kootenay. It needed a man with the three essentials of time, money and brains at his command. .At that time Mr. Bostock had but a very limited personal aciuiaintance in the district, and was loth to accept the nomination which h;id been tendered him. However, those who knew him most intimately believed he was the .nan for '9 U I i : i ' If: i the place, and they at length succeeded in obtain- ing his consent to run. Once in the field, Mr. Bostock set to work with that energy and tenacity of purpose characteristic of him, and left no doubt that he intended to win if possible. His opponent was tlie sitting member, Mr. John .Andrew Mara, a gentleman who had sat for the constituency, either at Victoria or Ottawa, for many years. The election was postponed for a year, and furnished in some respects one of the most extraordinary political campaigns in the history of the Dominion. Mr. Bostock, to whose candidature the delay of the election was a distinct advantage, kept up an active personal canvass nearly the whole of the time, with the result, which surprised friend and foe alike, that he was elected by the large majority limation of the public than ever before, and the com- munity is looking forward to see the young member make a record in his representative capacity highly honorable to himself and advantageous to his con- stituency. KAHLOOPS DISTRICT. ITS RANCHING, AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS. WHAT is known as the interior plateau of the southern part of British Columbia, may be described as an area of land about loo miles in average breadth and some 500 in length, the Kamloops portion of which of 350 over his opponent. It was a case in which hard and unflagging effort, aided by a party orgiinization which at the close was about as per- fect as it could be in so large and scattered a constituency, got away with the honors of the day. Since his election, Mr. Bostock has worked in- defatigably to post himself regarding the needs of the constituency. A chief feature in his make-up is patient and unflagging industry, and it is by the exercise of this quality, more than by ihe display of any particular brilliancy of talents, that he will succeed. If genius consists, as has been said, in the capability of taking infinite pains, then Mr. Bostock may lay claim to a large share of genius, for there is nothing too minute, in the investigation of the needs of his constituency, to claim his most careful enquiry. He stands higher to-day in the es- we purpose to take up as a sub-division comprising the following boundaries: Louis Creek on the north, the western end of Kamloops Lake on the west, Douglas and Nicola Lakes and Valley on the south and Big Shuswap Lake on the east. This would take in a plot of land 100 miles in length by 60 in width and covering an area of 6,000 square miles, for the reason that in this sub- division is mainly comprised all of the arable and pasture land at present occupied and cultivated. The valleys and hillsides of this section, pre- sumably on account of atmospheric dryness, are either entirely free from forest or are dotted only with irregular groups of trees, but are neverthe- less covered with what is considered of much greater importance, the famous bunch grass. In the valleys and on the terraces and slopes the 20 'ore, and the com- lie youiiff member /c capacity highly geous to his con- PRICT. 5 HORTICULTURAL ;;0«iit-jffiV,. nterior plateau of British Columbia, an area of land irage breadth and s portion of which # #' X livision comprising uis Creek on the loops Lake on the /■■ /* 11 .*• / «j^r^ ■ ><■.*..; s^ ■—■*-■■- iit / l.t,..„„. KAMLOOPS DISTRrCT. i^^MMiiiMiiiiiHiiiiMiilllllilli^^ t m . t 1 1 I I >'r .! ( I r , 'i:i ! ^ ii- ■5 \> ' I sU ^:l ■ -H ^^ 5 cattle and horses find pasturage, with the excep- tion of hard winters, the year round. The range, as it is called, may be said to begin at Edwards' ranch, on the North Thompson, extending south- ward to and a little beyond Douglas Lake, in- cluding the Nicola Valley, and in this belt it may be safely said that three-fourths of the cattle shipped to market in British Columbia are raided. Of course, the stock run wild, the range land belonging in part to the Dominion Government, part to the Local Government and part to the ranchers themselves, though the latter holdings are small in proportion to the former. Stock raising has always [been, and still conlinueu, the principal industry of lhis| section of the interior. stock at this time requiring special care and atten- tion, and this must be kept up, without intermis- sion, till the young grass again appears. The stock raisers of this district as a rule do not ship their cattle to market, that part of the business being left to the cattle buyer, who, con- tracting with the various butchers at the coast, in the Kootenay and elsewhere, make their purchases from among the different herds, as occasion demands. A careful estimate of the number of cattle within the bounds above described places it at 40,000 head, with an annual shipment of about 10,000. Taking $35 per head as a fair average price for beef cattle, the shipments alone amount to $350,000. This represents the income, the A RiMin.l-iip on thr Ciiltk* K.inj^i's. ni';ir lv.'»mKH>ps. B.C. principally, no doubt, on account of the dryness of the atmosphere, which precludes the possibility of agricultural extension except where irrigation is available. In a brief outline it would be impos- sible to go minutely into particulars regarding the industry of stock raising, but the reader should know that it has many cares and anxieties that are not patent to an ordinary observer. Starting after the first branding of calves in the spring, the rancher's attention is immediately turned towards his hay crop, never knowing what quantity he may need for the coming winter; therefore every available ton of fodder is carefully secured for future needs. Before winter sets in ihe calves are separated and brought to the home farm, and as a rule the younger animals as well, and the rancher must from now on have a continual eye on his herds, in order, should sudden snow storms arise, that they may be driven to shelter and feed before getting too widely scattered, the breeding capital being the amounts invested in lands, fencing, barns, dwellings, feeding and shelter sheds and the breeding and younger stock ready for market the succeeding year. It must, how- ever, be borne in mind, that the entire attention of the ranchers is not devoted to stock raising. Take a glance at the agricultural side of their work. On every ranch where cattle and horses are raised, a large acreage — it may be said every available acre of land capable of being successfully irrigated — is diligently tilled. Hay, as a matter of course, comes first, but we have many farmers to whom stock raising is a secondary consideration and from whom urban residents get their farm supplies. The farms on the North and South Thompson, Kamloops Lake and the Nicola Road and Valley, produce not only sufficient crops of cereals, roots, etc., for local consumption and sale, but in many instances have a large surplus for shipment. The ill' ^ > ! t i' ; r' 7 L ! t : 11 jMI; I I f lit ill iS f 4 if i.i i^ii ^^-4W^ soil of these valleys is excellent, being of a sandy loam, and, as every established farmer has a more or less ample supply of water for irrigation, the yield in crops is very large and certain. Every year more attention is being paid to agriculture, for as the population increases the demand for farm produce in some lines often exceeds the sup- ply, especially in such branches as dairying, poultry and their products, and cured bacon; and, again, the mining districts of Kootenay are distinctly non-agricultural, their supplies of fatm produce being entirely imported, either from the United States side or the adjacent portions of the North- west and Yale district. It is an assured faot that with favorable freight rates to Kootenay, and an extended irrigation system here, three times the adapted to the raising of garden produce and fruits. And now that the word fruit has been mentioned, it is with much pleasure that we view the fast-increasing area devoted to fruit culture. The soil in all the valleys, but especially of both branches of the Thompson River and Tranquille, is peculiarly adapted for horticulture, and a few years since, where the sight of an embrjo orchard was a rarity, to-day almost every farmer is allotting parts of his holdings for this important industry. Apples, plums, crab-apples, pears, cherries, and the smaller fruits, such as currants, gooseberries, raspberries, stravx berries, also melons and tomatoes, are perfect successes in all low-lying and sheltered lands. Peaches and grapes ripen readily in the open air in a southern exposure. lirandiiiff C.'ittle on the R.in^i-s, near KainUnip**, ll.C. present acreage could be profitably cultivated, but at present out neighbors to the south of the line have the best of that market. Oats, barley and roots are a very prolific crop ; wheat cannot be raised as cheaply as in the Northwest. The potatoes of this district bring the highest prices in any market they are shipped to. Field peas are extensively grown, especially in Grand Prairie, principally for teeding hogs, which are shipped to the coast markets or converted into bacon, which finds a ready local sale. It is to be hoped that in the near future an irrigatioii scheme, similar to that in the vicinity of Calgary, may be propounded and laid before the public whereby the large quantities of water, now flowing past our farms to the sea, may be confined by means of artificial and natural reservoirs, and which will be capable of furnishing water at a reasonable rate to parlies occupying small holdings specially Every year sees new strides in fruit-tree plant- ing. Orchards are springing up all around, some of which are, of course, too young as \tt to he classed as shippers, but some of the older ones are and have been supplying not only local consumption, but have had a surplus to export. When the thousands of young trees that have been planted in the past three or four years reach maturity, and an income from them is deiived, we can venture the opinion that the only regret concerning this important branch of the farmers' work will be that it was not gone into sooner. In British Columbia a belt of rocks, probably corresponding to the gold rocks of California, has already been proved to be richly auriferous. Geological explorations go to show a general resemblance of the rocks to those of the typical sections of California and the Western States. rden produce and ird fruit I. as been sure that we view d to fruit culture, opecially of both er and Traiiquille, )rticulture, and a ght of an embryo lost every farmer is for this important rab-apples, pears, , such as currants, berries, also melons sses in all low-lying and grapes ripen thern exposure. i in fruit-lree planl- ig up all arouiul, ;, too young as j 1 1 t some of the older lying not only local , surplus to export, ing trees that have i or four years reach )m them is deiived, that the only regret anch of the farmers' one into sooner. : of rocks, probably ks of California, has ; richly auriferous, to show a general those of the typical Western States. MR. JOHN ANDREW MARA. THK gentleman whoso portrait is given in connection with this brief sketch of his life has phiyed a part of the first magnitude in the political and commercial affairs of the interior of British Columbia. He is a native Cana- dian, being born in Toronto, where other members of his family for years past have held prominent positions. Mr. Mara was one of those adventurous spirits who, in 1H62, crossed the plains from I""ort Garry, and after experiencing t h e greatest hard- ships at length found a footing in Hritish Columbia, and has contri- buted largely to make the Pacific Province what it now is. Mr. Mara's aptitude for busi- ness was strongly marked, and it was not long before he came to the front in various enter- prises which have left their mark in the history of the country. He op- ened a general merchandise store, which he carried on successfully. He also built the first steamboats which plied on the Kamloops waters, and which, during the time of the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway throu^,i this part of the country, were of incalculable ad- vantagfe in trans- porting materials and supplies over the iong^ stretch of country between Savonas and Kagle Pass. Subsequently, Mr. Mara became the chief promoter of the Columbia and Kootenay Steam Navigation Company, and it was mainly througfh his energy and skilful management that facilities of travel and transport were given to the men who first began the exploitation of the mines of the now famous Kootenay country. The com- pany, under Mr. Mara's presidency, built a number of lirst-ciass -iver and lake boats and at great expense rendered travel both cheap and luxurious ill a country where hitherto the movements of the pioneers of mining could be made only with the greatest of difliculty. This year the company disposed of its boats and business to the Canadian Pacific Railway, which now practically controls the traflic of the Kootenay waters. Mr, John Aiulrcw Mar.i. .Since his earliest years in the Province, Mr. Mara has been actively engaged in the politics of the country. In 1K71 he was elected to represent Kootenay in the I'rovincial Legislature, and con- tinued to sit for that constituency for five years. At the general election of 1H75 he was returned to the Legislature for N'ale district, and was re-elected in 1^78. He sat in the Provincial Legislature till the dissolution of the House in 1H86, and during the last three years of the term occupied the Speaker's chair. In 1887 he was elected to the l3o- minion Parliament for Yale, and was returned again without opposition in i8yi. But Mr. Mara's long and u n i n t e r r u p ted course of electoral successes was fat- ed to be broken in 1896, when he was defeated in the great political struggle which also defeated the Government which he had supported. In political life, Mr. Mara has. been mainly notable .""or the quiet, yet forci- ble, perseverance which he pursues ill attaining; the objects lie has in view. While he is a ready and iiieas- u r a b I y fluent speaker, he has rarely depended on the effect of his oratory in the House to carry his points, but rather on t!e assiduity and adroitness with which his operations in the committee room are carried for- ward. During the memorable debate on the Remedial Bill that occurred in the last session of the late Parliament, Mr. Mara was chairman of the Committee of the whole Hor.se and displayd great tact in that position. He is now out of the House, but, apparently, by no means out of politics, and through the ample energy which a strong and well-preserved physical constitution affords him, and the mature experience which so many years of parliamentary life have bestowed, he may be expected to be in the tight again on the first favorable opportunity that presents itself. Mr. Mara resides at Kamloops, where, with ample means and with a wife and happy family surrounding him, he is enabled to live as agreeable a life as the country permits of, which i . saying a g'ood deal. ■w-TSl 1.1 ' ;,. !P ^fi Mi ! ! m\:\ ill 4i MR. MICHAEL SULLIVAN. IT was not till after all his half dozen brothers and sisters had quitted the place of their birth in the County of Cork, Ireland, to seek their fortunes in America, that Mr. Michael Sullivan decided to follow their lead and cross the Atlantic also. At that time (1856) he was 18 years of age. He landed at Boston, Mass., and in that State he continued tn live for six years. He was for the most part employed in farming, and dur- ing the compara- tive leisjre of the long winters' he contrived to put in a great deal of time at the excel- lent country schools in the n ei gh b o r hood where he was liv- ing. Here he prac- tically laid the foundation of an education which his naturallystudi- ous nature has continued to im- prove throughout the ups and downs of his whole life. There are few men in the community — even amongst the college-bred — wlic are as well read in g e n e r a 1 literature as he is, and with a mind of peculiar clear- ness and incisive- ness, aided by a ■ ' retentive memory, there is little that he has read that he has not formed a strong judgment upon, either thrusting it aside as useless or adding it to a fund of general knowlege that is both wide and deep. In 1862 he left Massachusetts for California, making the journey by way of the lsthn:us of Panama. He stayed a year in the Golden State, living at San Francisco. Thence coming directly to British Columbia, in March, 1863, he shouldered his pack and struck out for Cariboo. Here, with his accustomed energy, he went into gold mining and continued at it till 1868, thus passing through the most exciting period in the history of that country. He did not make a fortune, but he made some money, and determined to give his attention in future to farming and cattle-raising. He formed a partnership with the late JohnT. Usher, who afterwards became Government agent for the district, and who, while in discharge of his official duties some yea ' ago, was most cruelly shot Mr. Mirli.ii*! Sullivan. down by a notorious band of outlaws known as the McLean brothers. Messrs. Sullivan and Usher acquired a considerable area of land on the North Thompson River, about seventeen miles above Kamloops, a place since well known as the Sullivan Ranch. The partnership was main- tained till 1876, when Mr. Sullivan bought his partner's interest, and the prosperous business that had by thrift and industry been built up was carried on by him alone till i88g, when he sold out to Mr. John T. Edwards, and removed to his present place of residence at Shu- swap. Here h e has been engaged in farming and cattle dealing up till the present year. He is a Justice of the Peace, and a lead- ing member of the Pioneers' Society. Mr.Sullivan has all along been a man of great busi- ness activity, and the wealth that now is his has been the result of no lucky strike of fortune, but the product of the in- dustry of years. It is well earned and well de- served. As before remarked, he is a man of strong opinions, and his intluenceis power- fully felt in any movement, politi- cal,socialor other- wise, to which he may lend his as- sistance. He is a man who enjoys the respect of all, and with his ample means and robust health he is in a position to take advantage of the best that life in the West affords. ■ Thk Prospect claim, on Coal Hill, near the Python, owned by .VI. J. Mclver and R. Hlair, is bonded to the Hig Six Mining Company, of Ross- land, for $15,000. .An open cut of 15 feet has been made, showini,' a ledge of about three feet. The ore assays $4 in gold and $18 in copper to the ton. Mkssks. KiNi; Mkotiikrs and others are the owners of the Canada claim, near Jocko Lake, which has been bonded to N'ancouver parties. .\ shaft 100 feet is being sunk on a body of ore of uiuisuiil promise. The bond (which is understood to be $25,000) will doubtless be taken up and the work shoved ahead this summer with all needed energy. 34 outlaws known at Sullivan and Usher f land on t'le North rueen miles above L>ll known as the ership was main- iillivan bought his rosperous business been built up was <9, when he sold out id removed to his present place of residence at Shu- swap. Here h e has been engaged in farming and cattle dealing up till the present year. He is a Justice of the Peace, and a lead- ing member of the Pioneers' Society. Mr. Sullivan has all along been a man of great busi- ness activity, and the wealth that now is his has been the result of no lucky strike of fortune, but the product of the in- dustry of years. It is well earned and well de- served. As before remarked, he is a man of strong opinions, and his influenceis power- fully felt in any movement, politi- cal, social or other- wise, to which he may lend his as- sistance. He is a man who enjoys the respect of all, nd robust health he tage of the best that Joal Hill, near the Iver and R. Blair, is ', Company, of Ross- it of 15 feet has been t three iVot. The ore upper to tho ton. and others are the 1, near Jocko Lake, mcouver parties. A on a body of ore of (which is understood be taken up and the imer with all needed GLEN IRON MINE. THE HUGE DKPOSITS OF HIGH - OKADK MAGNETITK ON KAMLOOPS I.AKK. THE Glen Iron Mine was opened some four or five years ago by a company of local business men. The property is situated on the south shore of Kamloops Lake, about 17 miles west of the city of the same name. The main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway runs through the property as it skirts along the rockbound confines of the lake, and it was, indeed, during the construction of the railway that the iron deposits were originally discovered. The ore is magnetic, containing, according to assay, about 70 per cent, of pure metal, and running through it is a sufficient quantity of lime to smelt the ore mine without further handling. Hut the chief profit of the mine will come when the North Thompson coal mines have been opened and a cheap fuel thus obtained with which to turn the ore into pigs at a smelter built on the shores of Kamloops Lake, directly in front of the mine. Coal or coke could then be brought by cheap water transportation from the coal mine, and of such (inequality is the ore that pig iron should be capable of being produced cheap enough to command the markets of a large section of the West. The business manager of the company oper- ating the (lien Iron Mine is Mr. F. J. Fulton, of Kamloops. They are now busy at the mine getting out 2,000 tons of ore, ordered by the smelter at Everett, Wash., to be used for fluxing purposes. S^t-nc ;»t Tr.'tiiqiiiltf, KamltHips I. .-ike. readily. A large amount of work has been done on the property, and some 20,000 tons of the ore has been mined and shipped. The shipments have been made chiefly to the Tacoma smeller, where the ore has been found to be of the very first quality as a flux for the dry ores of silver, gold, etc., treated there. The distance between the mine and the Tacoma smelter is in the neigh- borhood of 300 miles, and, although the railways have given a very low freight rate, in order to encourage shipments from the mine, there has not been much profit so far in the business. No doubt, however, the time will presently come when the property will acquire much value. The ore lies in immense bodies, which can be mined and put on the cars at the very minimum of cost. An aerial tramway has been built a few hundred feet to the mines, and with this equipment the ore is loaded oti to the cars from the mouth of the TRANQUILLE HYDRAULIC HINES. A I.ll'KATIVE I-IEI.IJ I'OR INVKST.MENT- 01' THE CKAVEI. HANKS. ■THE RllTIES r A OR nearly thirty years a productive indus- try has been carried on at Tranquille Creek, which stream empties from the north into Kamloops Lake, about eight miles west of the City of Kamloops. In the early days very considerable quantities of gold were talten from the bed of this creek, the bed in several places being found very rich in the yellow metal. But for many years the " diggings " have been left wholly, or almost so, to Chinamen, who have been working year in and year out with their ground sluices, and have, apparently, found the pay suflicient for their purposes. Four years ago a company of men from the coast put in an hydraulic 25 Ill \\m plant, but the works were carried out in a manner so faulty that, although con.siderahle money was expended, no efl'ective work was accomplished, because, through faults in construction, enough head of water failed to be obtained to wash out the great banks of gold-bearing gravel which exist there. Two years ago Mr. James H. Russell, ol Kam- loop.o, began a somewhat extensive system of ground sluicing. At a point several miles from its mouth the stream curves round a huge projecting spur of gravel, which was known to be rich in gold. Mr. Russell erected a dam 25 feet high across the creek, built n Hume about 1,200 feet long to a point on the northern flank of this spur, and by means of a tunnel 1 50 feet long pen- etrated through the spur, and be- gan washing the gravel from above at the southern end or mouth of the tunnel. This point is about qo feet above the bed of the creek and about 60 feet below the top of the spur. By this means he washed out some 2,320 cubic yards of g r a V el , which produced $986. 17 in coarse gold. This remark- able showing at once attracted attention, and it was resolved to form a company to alter and en- large the work- ings by putting in an hydraulic plant of a capa- city sufficient not only to work out the whole of the gravel in the spur, but also the immense deposits of the adjoining banks, which have been discovered on examination to be like- wise rich. The report of a competent engineer to Mr, Russell on the whole situation was obtained. He reports the amount of gravel in the spur alone to be approximately 76,000 cubic yards, and continues : " The gravel lies in strata regularly deposited from one end of the claim to the other, and, in pro- specting the whole mass, produces remarkably even returns in gold. As to the amount of gold it carries per cubic yard, you can gain a pretty correct idea of it from the results of the cross- section I made of that portion of the claim you have been ground-sluicing in 1895 and 1896. There Dam .ind I'lunu- on Tr.inquille Crock for flyJrauHc Wi>rkin(fs. wa^ 3,320 cubic yard>( excavated and washed out. As this contained a mean average of all the strata for 90 feet above the pre.ient creek, you can figure that the balance of that portion of your lease on the old channel will give you an equal return per cubic yard. As to the amount of gravel lying on the bench above the old channel, there were no shafts or tun- nels run to enable me to ascertain exactly the amount, but from general appearances it would be a conservative estimate to say about 7oo,cxx} cubic yards." Quoting further from the engineer's report: "The dumping-ground is excellent, the bed-rock being 30 feet to 40 feet above the creek, which, during May and June.willcarry as much as 40,000 cubicfeetofwater per minute, at a velocity of six miles per hour. This tremendous amount of water would carry out almost anything, and will clean every year that portion of the creek that might have been filled with tailings during the period of low water. ' Speaking furthtr of the favorable conditions for hydraulicking, the report says: "At points one andthree-quartrr miles and two and one-qwarter milesresptctively above your claim there are two canyons each with walls of solid rock almost perpendicular and over 100 feit in height. At 50 feet height their width does not exceed 30 feet, so that they could be dammed very cheaply for a res- ervoir or to increase the working pressure. There is plenty of good timber all along the creek, and lumber can be delivered on the ground for about $20 per 1,000 feet, b. m " The above shows clearly the enormous possibilities of these Tran- quille gold-bearing gravels. A company, of which Mr. Hewitt Bostock, M.P., is president, has been formed to exploit these banks, and, with the nec- essary capital and capable management, there seems every prospect that they will be successful in their operations. The work of construction is to be proceeded with thi.s summer, and by the time the frosts of next fall come about enough piping should be done thoroughly to test the ground. 26 and wa.shcd oiit. s of all the strata k, you can figure your lease on I he I return per cubic yin^on the bench no shafts or lun- rtain exactly the iinces it would be Dut yoo.cKX) cubic en>;ineer's report: eiii, the bed-rock he creek, which, durinff May and J iine,willcarry HS much as 4o,oco cubic feet of water per minute, at a velocity of six miles per hour. This tremendous amount of water would carry out almost anything^, and will clean every year that portion of the creek that mi^jht have been filled with tailin^^s during the period of low water. ' Speaking furthi r of the favorable conditions for hydraulicking, the report says: "At points one andthree-quarter miles and two and one-quarter milesrespectivtly above your claim there are two canyons each with walls of solid rock almost perpendicu I a r and over too feit in height. At 50 feet height their width does not exceed 30 feet, so ' cheaply for a ret- f pressure. There ng the creek, and ground for about 'he above shows ies of these Tran- lompany, of which resident, has been md, with the nec- anagement, there rill be successful in construction is to , and by the time )ut enough piping st the ground. MR. CHARLES T. COONEY. '^■'71 WAY back in 1835. '^vi> years before A% her Most Gracious Majesty Queen / \ Victoria ascended the throne of the / \ United Kingdom, and long before the wilds ol British Columbia had been made famous by the gold discoveries of Cariboo, the subject of this sketch, Mr. Charles r. Cooney, fir^t saw the light of day in King's C'ounty, Ireland. Born an Irishman, Mr. Cooney has remained an Irishman ever since, with all the easily recognised characteristics of that warm-hearted race ; and, though it is forty-four years since, in 1H53, he quit his native shores and, like the storied " Tim Flaherty," came to America " strange w o n - ders to see," his brogue is as rich and mellow a s ever it was, and the arch- thief. Time, has not yet filched from his lace the smallest feature of its strongly Milesian aspect. On his arrival this side of the Atlantic he first took up his residenceatjohnv- town, Fulton County, State of New V'ork, and from there re- moved to Three Rivers, Quebec, where for several years he followed his calling of tan- ner, or rather leather dress e r . Leaving Three Rivers, he went \o St. Louis, Mo , and I hence, in 1857, to St, I'aul, Minn. At that time the now famous raiUvay magnate, Jim Hill, was just beginning his railway career on a small line which was being built out from St. Paul. Mr. Cooney was employed by Mr. Hill on one of the survey parties and continued for some tiine at that work. In 1858 Mr. Cooney joined one of the numer- ous parties who, attracted by the reports o( rich gold discoveries in British Columbia, crossed the greet plains of the Nort'r.vest. The party of adventurous Argonauts tli.t was joined at Fort Garry by Mr. Cooney nuni' cred 4J, and, though all reached British Columbia safely, only two or three are now known to be living here. Mr. Sam. Moore, of Nicola, and his brother John (now de- ceased) were of the parly, as also was Mr. Charles Montgomery, of Colville Valley. When the parly coming westward reached the Rocky Mountains, they entered British Columbia by way of the Mr. Ch:irli.M T. Cooney. valley of the Bow River. They journeyed down the Kootcnay River and eventually found themselves in the Colville Valley. They then came north- ward via Kettle River, and it was well on in the winter of 1858 when Mr. Cooncy's eyes first witnessed the beauties of the country surrounding the present City of Kamloops. He pushed on, however, to Lytton, and spent the following year, with indifferent success, in placer minnig on the Fraser River. In i860 he retraced his steps to Boundary Creek, and it was while mining on the flat there that the news of the gold discoveries on the famous Williams Creek turned the atten- tion of the whole country to Cariboo. The miners on Boundary Creek threw down their shovels, deserted their cabins, and, leaving everything behind them, set off in a hurry for the new field. Mr. Cooney went into Cariboo with the ^ rest in 1862. He mined for a uhile, never, however, striking it very rich, and shortly went into the packing business and continued at it till '69, when he became the for- tunate purchaser of Ii s present fine ranch properly at Itie mouth of Traii- quille Creek, on the north shore ol Kamloops Lake, about eight miles distant from the city of the same name. In the busi- ness of cattle raising Mr. Cooney has been eminently successful. When the Government began, in 1872, the work of sur- veying the route of the present Canadian Pacific Railway, Mr. Cooney was one of the first surveying parties sent out in this part of the country, and thereafter, as the constr;!ction of the road was proceeded with and the demand for cattle and agricultural produce increased, he paid his whole attention to his ranch, which prospered finely. Mr. Cooney's place at Tranquille is one of the prettiest in the country, and there the genial "Charlie" with his wife and family dispense a hospitality to their visitors which is as hearty as it is unfailing. Mr. Cooney is a type of the suc- cessful "Old Timer," one who by prodigious labor in his younger days, unflagging industry and an integrity of character which early won him the I espect and admiration of all, has laid deep and strong the foundation on which the progress of the present day is being made. 27 • ^1 .]'(• ■ p^ »! ! '1 ■ \\ iif 1 1 1 m HON. QEOROE BOHUN MARTIN. MON. GEORGE BOHUN MARTIN, Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works in the Government of British Columbia, was born in Yorkshire, Eng. , December 25th (Christmas Day), 1841, the son of Capt. George Bohun Martin, R.N., C.B., who was Superintendent of the Naval Dockyard at the time of his death in 1854. He was corr.nander of the btig- Mosquito at the battle of Navarino, and there won his rank of Post Captain. Mr. Martin's grandfather was Mr. Henry Martin, M. P., Notting- hamshire. Mr. Martin's mother was the daughter of Sir Thomas Briggs, K. C. B., Commander of the Portsmouth Dock- yard, and had the distinction of being the last full Admi- ral who hoisted his flag on the famous frigate Victory. Mr. Martin in- tended to take a career in the navy, and was five years ill the service as cadet and midship- man. He served i:i the Baltic in 1855, and the next year in India. In 1861 he was ob- liged to retire on account of ill- health, and in 1862 came to British Columbia. For four years he was connected with the Hudson's Bay Company, part of the time as clerk, and among the works performed by him when with that company was the cutting of a road from Osoyoos to Kootenay Lake. In 1864 he took charge of the Hudson's Bay post called Seymour, at the upper Shuswap Lake, then the centre for procuring supplies for the Big Bend camp on the Columbia River. He left the company in 1865, when he bought the ranch he now owns, on the South Thompson River, and has resided there ever since. His political career began in 1882, when upon the death of Mr. Preston Bennett he contested Yale, Hon. T. B. Humphrey, Provincial Secretary under the previous Administration, being his op- ponent, whom he defeated by a large majority. Mr. Martin has held the seat ever since. After the defeat of Mr. F. G. Vernon in 1894, he was appointed Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works in October of that year and was returned by acclamation. Hon. tfi'or^ff Bohiin M.Trtln. One thousand feet of shafts and tunnels have been contracted tO be done this summer on the Iron Mask. F. P. Carey has a claim called the Blue Bird, ndjoining the Lucky Strike, on which he has three men employed. The Gold Commissioner and Mining Recorder at Kamloops is Mr. Geo. C. Tun- stall. He is one of the most effi- cient officers in the service of the Provincial Govern- ment, and univer- sa".y respected. The Coal Hill Mining Company have bonded a group of five claims lying in the vicinity of Jocko Lake to Vancou- ver parties. The claims are the Butcher, Just-in- Time, Chemist, Miner and Tailor. On the Golden MaskJ.H.Russc'll has sunk 32 feet, aiul has begiMi a tunnel to cro: scut the ledge too feet below. The pro- perty is one of the most interestinj; in the camp. Ore is plentiful and high grade. Thk Gold Cup claim, owii'.d by J. Hepburn and others, is situated on Sugar Loal Hilt, not far from the Little Smug- gler. The croppings show a well-defined ledge. A contract has been let for a 100-foot shaft. Thk old r.;|iable Hudson's Bay Company is as ever to the nont in providing' supplies for miners and prospectors. .At their Kamloops branch (ably managed by Mr. J. Ogden Grahame) they carry a large stock of all mining requisites. The Ottawa claim, which is owned l^y Hewitt Bostock, M. P., has been opened with a i6-fooi shaft. The ore from this claim shows peacock and native copper, some exceedingly handsome specimens having been taken out. This property will be thoroughlv exploited during the coming summer. 38 ■!aB«*aiMa«i er of Lands and Works iiid was returned by ifts and tunnels have this summer on the called the Blue Bird, on which he has three <'.nd Mininfj Recorder at Kamloops is Mr. Geo. C. Tun- stall. He is one of the most effi- cient officers in the service of the Provincial Govern- ment, and univer- sa'"y respected. The Coal Hill Mining Company have bonded a group of five claims lying in the \ icinily of Jocko Lake to Vancou- ver parties. The claims are the Butcher, Just-in- Time, Chemist, Miner and Tailor. On the Golden MaskJ.H. Russell lias sunk 32 feet, and has begi'n a tunnel to croi scut the ledge ;oo feet below. The pro- perty is one of the most interesting in the camp. Ore is plentiful and high grade. The Gold Cup claim, owMt.d by J. Hepburn and others, is situated on Sugar Loaf Hill, not far from the Little Snuig- w a well-defined ledge. a 100-foot shaft. n's Bay Company is as ing supplies k>r miners Kamloops branch (ably Grahame) they carry a equisites. :h is owned '^y Hewitt opened with a 16-foot s claim shows peacock exceedingly handsome cen out. This property ited during the coming NAVIQABLE WATER STRETCHES. "'^^'T^ ^ STATED in the introduction, Kamloops A% is situated at the junction of two im- / \ portant bodies of water, viz., the / \ North and South Thompson Rivers, which meeting form the main Thomp- son, flowing westward from here into Kamloops Lake, eight miles distant, the latter comprising a magnificent sheet of deep water, nearly twenty miles in length and about four in breadth. This lake again narrows into the Thompson at Savonas and continues a southwesterly course till it reaches Lytton, where it enters the Fraser, and thence to the Pacific Ocean. Both the North and South Thompson Rivers are navigable for large steamers throughout con- siderable lengths the north river as far as the Clearwater, a distance of about 100 miles, and the south river from Savonas to Sicamous, some 120 miles. Before and during the construction of the Cana- dian Pacific Railway the water stretch- es of the south branch were iMdi>pensabie for tr'uispor- tation. Dur- ing the latter period no less thai', three large steam- ers, compar- ing in sizf with some of t hose at pre- sent on the C o 1 u m b i a River, and two smaller ones, found steady work for nine months in the year, conveying passengers, freight and the various railway supplies from .Savonas to tlilferent points along the route to Sic- amous, Kagle Pass and Spullamacheen Landing. Though the completion of tlie C. P. R. has to a great degree done away with the demand for water transportation on the south river and lakes, we still have two large iMid two small steamers ir. commission, and another on the stocks to be launched shortU. The Big Shus'vap Lake, which is the source of the South Thompson, receives at its eastern boundary the waters of the Eagle ai.d Spullama- cheen Rivers, and extends from Sicamous west- ward some fifty miles, with a breadth varyi:'g from one to two miles. \t its western extremity it narrows into a small stream which connects it with the Little Shuswap Lake, which again narrows into the South Thompson River. These 'WtUKlillK I'p' water stretches are a perfect happy hunting ground for the sportsman and an ideal panorama for the artist. In the lakes and rivers are to be found many varieties of trout, including the rainbow, the silver, mountain and brook trout. The bashful B. C salmon have not as yet beconu' sufficiently civilized to cultivate the acquaintance of the artificial fly, but imrrense numbers of them force their way up and through the Fraser canyons, the main Thompson and lukes on to the spawning grounds of the North and South Thompson and Eagle Rivers and other inlets of the lakes. Immense flocks of v.'A'i geese and ducks cover these waters, the big lake beiiigf never free from wild fowl, on account of it rarely being frozen over. On and adjacent to the shores are to found cariboo, deer, bear, wolves and coyotes. well as most of the small fur-bearing animal British North .America. The North Thomp- son, as before stated, has b?en proved navij'able for upwards of 100 mi es from this point and w i I '. in the near future be an important factor in trans- portation for coal, mineral ores and lime- stone. T h e coal measures and minerals of this river are fully d'' scribed else- where in this work; but, in addition to these, there are immense quarries o f limestone on ■ or near the banks and abundant supplies of wood for convert- ing the same into marketable lime. The present season will see increased activity on this river in the rhanufacture and shipping of lime and brick, the manufacture of which is to be entered into extensively, and bcfor'.' the season closes we are in great hopes that an exploratory survey party will be seen working on tlie divide between the Clearwater and Cariboo, mapping out the route for the Kamloops and Cariboo Railway. thf Nont. Thompson. There are large areas still open to the poor prospector, and there are numerous openings for the capitalist. To the agricultural settler the existence of gold is of double significance. He is certain of a market for his produce, he is not debarred from mining a little on his own account, and he is never deprived of the hope that he will one day becctne the fortunate discoverer of a bonanza. 29 i 1. 1 i I h ffii. '■ ! \k 1 1 » f i i IM! ! i ■]' )■ ii '; 1 ! r. > ' i nil I h!ii U( , t I '; I I 1 MR. SAMUEL MOORE. Ty^R. SAMUEL MGORE was born in the / y % City of Montreal in 1835, but removed / m with his parents while still a child to J_ \_ the County of Grey, Ontario, where they took up land and settled. All farms in this district were, of course, in the bush, and the early struggles and privations endured by tlic pioneers in clearing- their land and preparing it for cultivation, have been so repeatedly told in print that repeti- tion here is need- less. As is well known, bush farms offered but poor induce- ments to farmers' sons as they gre'v to man- hood, and Mr. Moore, on ar- riving at the age of 18, determined to strike out for himself, and, ac- companied by his brother John, left the homeste.'id in May, 1858, bound for the Red River of the norih, or what is known as Manitoba, and with the prover- bial shilling in his pocket. The journey was not made direct, as they had, liter- ally speaking, to "work the ir waj." After working in Illi- nois during the harvest, he pro- ceeded on his westward jour- ney and reached St. Paul, then .1 small trading vil- lage, where, after recuperating for a short time, heshouldered his rifle and pack, bound northward. Just on the point of le'iving, he fell in with a young half-breed from .St. Boniface, who was returning thither acting as escort to a Sister of the St. Boniface Conven , who had in charge fourteen novitiati ; frorr ^lo.^v- real, on th-jir way to take up missio.. work amjiig the Indians of the Northwest, !';id '•:/,■.; in^ this party he arrived safely at Fort Jarry i'i thi fill of ths s.ime year. Tiie winter of i85S-5<( WIS spsnt in this vicinity, having obtained em- ployment from Mr. McDarmoit in taking out timber on the Assiniboine. When spring opened and rumors of the gold discoveries west of ihe Rockies had reached this place, Mr. Moore joined a pirty numbering over forty bound for British Mr. S.iiiuiil Moorc. Columbia. The trip across the plains was made up of the usual hardships and few pleasures, the route being via the Assiniboine, Touchwood Hills, Forts Pitt, and Carlton, on to Edmonton. Here the party diverged south to the Bow River and thence into the Rockies via Vermillion Pass down to Tobacco Plains, across the U. S. boundary, finally coming to a halt at Fort Colviile, Wash. Here some time was spent, Mr. Moore and others being engaged in the erection of two large magazines, or store houses, and eighteen other dwellings for the U. S Govern- ment. Leaving there and com- ing back into British Colum- bia through the Okanagan and also through hostile bands of Indians, who were at war with the U.S. authori- ties, he reached Kamloops, or rather the Hud- son's Bay post on the north side of the river from the present Kam- loops. After ob- taining supplies at the post he proceeded down the Thompson River and on to Lillooet, where the balance of 'he season was ■pent at bench mining c' jsite the town, the winter being spent at Hope, on the Fraser River; he started mining next season at Quesnel'e Forks, again wintering at Hope. The next season we Vile to Cariboo, and he '.(in .'o' upwards of four 1867 went to Oregon and find him packing •' continued at this c- : years. In the spring i brought in a band of sheep for Cariboo, which being disposed of, he turned his steps towards the Nicola Valley, where he and his brother took ,.- 'lomesteads, and then and there acquired the nuc:leus of the splendid property of which he is now owner, and which contains upwards of 7,000 acres. Here Mr. Moore resides, and, with the ex -^option of the Douglas Lake Cattle Co., has the la.-gest ranching proparty, as well as the finest bands of cattle, in the Nicola Valley. His home farm is beautifully situated at the head of Nicola Lake, and, with an abundance of water for irri- gating purposes, he i.s enabled to raise large 30 r"VW''fri*"?''^f I the plains was made nd few pleasures, the ine, Touchwood Hills, to Edmonton. Here 0 the Bow River and Vermillion Pass down the U. S. boundary, Fort Colville, Wash. Mr. Moore and others eclion of two large ;, and eighteen other dwellings for the — 1 U. S Govern- I ment. Leaving I there and com- ing back into British Colum- bia through the Okanagan and also through hostile bands of Indians, who were at war with the US. authori- ties, he reached Kamloops, or rather the Hud- son's Bay post on the north side of the river from the present Kam- loops. After ob- taining supplies at the post he proceeded down the Thompson River and on lo Lillooet, where the balance of I'le season was pent at bench mining c >sile the town, the winter being spent at Hope, on the Fraser River; he started mining next season at QuesnelieForks. again wintering at Hope. The next season we e to Cariboo, and he 1 Av upwards of four >7 went to Oregon and sp for Cariboo, which lea his steps towards ; and his brother took id there acquired the operty of which he is tains upwards of 7,(X)o isides, and, with the ex ke Cattle Co., has the , as well as the finest ola Valley. His home I at the head of Nicola mce of water for irri- nabled to raise large Ml li' crops of g-rain and hay, all of which is required for consumption on the place. Mr. Moore is a widower and has a family consisting of two sons and a daughter, the eldest son being Mr. J. W. Moore, proprietor of the Kamloops Meat Market. In this brief sicetch what a retrospect there is. Starling from his home at the early age spoken of, with no capital except willing hands and strong determination, traversing a semi-explored con- tinent, hunting, mining, packing and ranching, Mr. Moore finds himself at the age of 63 most comfortably settltd on a magnificent estate, with a kind and loving ."imily around him and with the knowledge that, unier divine Providence, he has been the architect of his own fortune. MR. WM. FORTUNE. IF by any chance (and it is a most unlikely thing to happen) Mr. W'm. Fortune should lose remembrance of where he was born, he - would need only to enquire from the first man he met on the roadway to be remembered of his birthplace, for his tongue is so rich in the York- shire dialect that no man who ever heard him speak could possibly for one moment be left in ignorance that he was a native of the famous English shire mentioned. And though he affects a Scottish plaid, the ample buckle of which bears the Scottish motto, " Gang^ IVarily," still does his face indicate Yorkshire most unmistakably. I'ulliin & WiirJs. I,.iw Oflii-i FULTON & WARDS LAW OFFICES. THE handsome building, of which the above cut is an excellent engraving, was erected by Messrs. Fulton & Ward last year, and is occupied wholly by themselves. Mr. Fulton, the senior member of the firm, established himself here in 1889, and afterwards succeeded to the extensive legal practice of Mr. Spinks, now Judge of the County Court. Mr.Fulton was born in Northumberland, England. He took a degree in Mathe, Tripos, Cambridge, in 1883; ad- mitted solicitor in England, 1887; came out to Ontario in 1887 and to British Columbia in 1889; admitted solicitor in British Columbia in i8yo, and called to the Bar in iSgt. Mr. Cecil Ward, the junior member of the firm, joined Mr. Fulton last ye.ir. Fie is a sen. of Mr, VV. C. Ward, General M.^nagerof the Bank of British Columbia. The firm enjoys a large and constantly increasing practice. It 's about sixty years since he was ushered into the "moving play" of this world, but he does not look that age by five years or more. In 1857 he left his native land, and first settled on this side of the Atlantic d Buffalo. New York State. Here he employed himself for a y?ar or more at street building, and those who are fami- liar with that locality will be Interestpd In die fact that it was Mr. Fortune who, with a team of ei^lit mules, first plowed up the virgin soil on Bhtck Rock Street up to Black Rock Square. He takes some pleasure in remembering that fact, for since that time the street has become famous. Leaving the City of the the Bison, Mr. Fortune crossed over to the Canadian side and took up his abode at St. David's, in the Niagara Peninsula. Here he was employed for two years as a tanner, and afterwards for a time travelled about the southwestern part of the Province of Ontario, taking orders for the tannery with which he was 31 "saoi Hi ii I t i \ i 1 1 iir ili: 41 I ' connected. In 1862, having heard the reports of the great riches of British Columbia, he made up his inind to join one of the several parties of hardy pioneers who were at that time organizing to cress the plains to the Pacific slope. He journeyed via St. Paul to Fort Garry. At the latter place he joined a company numbering twenty-six, of which the late M.I-. Thomas McMicken (who met a melancholy death by drowning in the P'raser River at New Westminster some years ago) was elected )e,'der. Among this company of twenty-six were . 1 'i ibe'- of men who have since played a very i .1 part in th^i . / of Brit- ish C . bia, no- tably Mr. George Tunstall, the pre- sent highly re- spected stipendi- ary magistrate and Gold Commis- sioner of Yale district ; Mr. John Andrew Mara, ex- M. P. ; Mr. J. Fannin, Curator of the Provincial Museum; Mr. Bowron-, of Lil- looet, and Mr. R. H. Alexander, the well-known mill- man, of Vancou- ver. The party passed the Rockies through the Yel- low Head Pass. Reaching the head waters of the North Thompson River, the com- pany split up, one party crossing over to the Fraser River, and the other coming down I he Thompson. To the latter party Mr. Fortune was joined. Arriving at length at Kam- loops, devoid of food, with scarcely any remnant of the outfit with which they started, and with their garments in shreds, they found that the place had been totally deserted by the Indians, who had fled to avoid the terrible scourge of small-pox. Mr. Fortune tells of how he and and a companion, fagged out and starving, sought shelter at one of the de- serted Indian habitations. They threw themselves down on some grass and branches which had been used as a bed by the Indian.s. Presently they de- tected an unpleasant odor, and, turning over the material composing their couch, found the stark and decaying bodies of two Indians who had died of small-pox, almost tieneath where they had been lying ! Needless to say, the luckless travellers sought accommodations for the night elsewhere. Mr. Fortune secured employment with the Hudson's Bay Company, and remained in the service seven years, when he purchased the beautiiul property at Tranquiile where he still lives. At about the same time Mr. Fortune mar- ried, at Ly^ton, Miss Jane McWha, who still lives to share the joys (and, if there be any sorrows, those also) of her worthy companion through life. Mr. Fortune, in 1868, built at Tranquiile the first flour mill in ihe interior of the Province ; to this enterprise was added a sawmill, and in 1878 he built the steamer Lady DuflFerin, which for twelve years con- tinued to ply the waters of thelakes and rivers, from Savonas to Eagle Pass. He also built the first house on the site of Kamloops, and took the first team out of Kamloops laden for Cariboo. Mr. Fortune has well deserved the success he has achieved and the public respect that is accorded him, and may he and his estimable Ijdy live long to enjoy holh of them. Mr. Wm. Fortune. TiiK Govern- ment or Canadian Pacific agent at port of arrival will furnish informa- tion as to lands open for settle- ment in the re- spective di.itricts, farms fur sale, demand for labor, rates of wages, routes of travel, distances, expense of conveyances, etc. A RICH FJBLD FOR PROSPECTORS. Till-; V.VST MINKRAI. HISIRIIT OF THOMI'SON KIVKK. IHK NORTH NORTHWARD from Kamloops, via the valleys of the North Thoinpson ami Clearwater Rivers, is the natural high- way into the great Cariboo ciumtry. It is one of the most promising fields for pros- pectors as yet left unexplored in British Columbia. It is not, for the greater part, difficult of access, and there is a b^lt twenty miles wide on each side of tlv rivers in which mineral everywhere abounds. The only great property yet discovered and to some extent developed is the Homestake group on 3a ■nployment with the and remained in the n he purchased the iquiile where he still me Mr. Fortune mar- IcVVha, who still lives lere be any sorrows, mpanion through life, lilt at Tranquille the of the Province ; to sawmill, and in 1878 ' Dufferin, which for twelve years con- M tinued to ply the » waters of thelakes and rivers, from Savonas to Kagle Pass. He also built the first house on the site of Kamloops, and took the first team out of Kamloops laden for Cariboo. Mr. Fortune has well deserved the success he has achieved and the public respect that is accorded him, and may he and his estimable Iddy live long to enjoy boih of them. The Govern- ment or Canadian Pacific apent at port of arrival will I'urnish informa- tion as to lands open for settle- ment in the re- spective di.itricts, farms tur sale, demand for labor, rates of wages, routes of travel, distances, expense of conveyances, etc. PROSPECTORS. RK'T Ol' KIVKK. im Kamloops, via the S'orth Thompson :nul -s, is the natural \\\^\\- t Cariboo country. It is romisinf,'' tifkls for pros- ed in British Columbia, part, difficult of access, iiiles vvidc on each side ■al everywhere abounds, yet discovered aiul to lie Homestake group on Adams Lake, described in a separate article in this book. To describe briefly in order the country indicated, immediately north of the Indian Reserve, which lies across the river on the east side of the North Thompson from Kamloops, and thence on to Kdwards Creek, the formation in the hills is mainly limestone and gives favorable indications of mineral, and the conditions for prospecting are very easy. In Edwards Creek banks gold is found. Continuing north to Lewis Creek, a distance of 35 miles, numbers of small ve-ns carrying galena are encountered, the characteristic iron cappings being a notable feature. Eastward along Lewis Creek, about 16 miles, is the Homestake property. On the west side of the North Thompson, about THE NOHTH ; which offers unusual inducements to the prospec- tor, and which has as yet been left practically untouched. At Mosquito Flat a strong vein of galena ore was discovered some years ago. This was worked to some extent at the time, and last year operations were resumed. .About 100 feet of shafts and tunnels were put in, and a good deal of ore extracted. Assays showed an average of about 40 ounces of silver to the ton, with a consider- able percentage of lead. The ore, however, was marred by the presence of "blockjack," or zinc, rendering it diflRcult of treatment. With the new processes, however, this difficulty will be got over, and the property presents every probability of becoming valuable. A number of good veins have been discovered and all will doubtless some day ''^mk^^'^^^^^'&^^^^^^^^M^^^-^:^ ' South Thompson, .it K.imloops. 1 5 miles from Kamloops, Jamieson Creek flows in, and on the creek, not a great distance from its mouth, some strong ledges of white quartz carrying gold and silver have recently been discovered and staked. Work is now proceeding on two of them and the indications are good for their development into paying mines. On the east side, north from Lewis Creek about five miles. Harrier Creek is met. The hills on botli sides of Barrier Creek are highly mineralized, the principal ore found being galena carrying silver and lead in considerable quantities. The gravel of the creek almost everywhere pans out flaky gold, at some places in paying quantities, indicat- ing gold-bearing veins somewhere in the vicinily. The country is somewhat rugged and dillicult to explore, but the obstacles are by no means in- superable to the resolute prospector. Northward from Harrier Creek to the Mosquito Flat is a stretch of country 35 by 20 miles. soon be worked, for there is a value in them which must give their product a sure and profit- able market. Between Mosquito Flat and the Crossing Place of the North Thompson is another stretch of about ten miles bearing about the same character- istics as those of the country just described. Still further northward are Raft River and Galena Creek. It is totally unexplored, and not the easiest to traverse, but from samples of float wliich have been brought down (and is said to be plentiful on the trail) the district would justify the expenditure of both time and labor in making a thorough exploration. Beyond this point is the grand valley of the Clearwater River, reaching northward to Cariboo. The whole country from Kamloops northward presents a most alluring field to the prospector, and doubtless this summer many will be found working in these hills. 33 -T Hi -i r i! I !'i '111 :!'-( HR. JOHN T. EDWARDS. TW/fR- JOHN T. EDWARDS, the subject of / T \ this sketch, was born in Monmouthshire, / Y. Wales, in 1845, in which district he resided till 21 years of age, when he emigrated to British Columbia. For some time previous to leaving home, he was en- gaged in the occupation of coal mining, as was also his brother Benjamin, who had preceded him to this country a year previous, so that it was quite in the order of things that he should direct his first steps to the mining regions of the country, and, accordingly, we find him located in golden Cariboo earlyin i866. After a short initiation service into the mysteriesof placer workings, he joined forces with the TaflFvale Min- ing Company, op- erating ground on Stout's Gulch, re- maining in this connection for a period of two years, .^ith a good measure of suc- cess. Th«" iowii pf P:;.rkerville being almost totally de- stroyed by fire in the year 1868, and many persons in business removing therefrom, Mr. Edwards opened up a general store in that place, it being the first building erected after the disaster. This business was carried on with varying success till 1871, in which year he retired from trading, and, moving to Light- ning Creek, he formed a company called the South Wales Mining Company, which was energetically worked under his management till July, 1872, at which period he sold out his various interests and removed to Kamloops. The above is but a brief sketch of Mr. Edwards' busy life in Cariboo, as he had engaged in many other ventures than those mentioned, principal among them being his buying into the mining property known as the Van Winkle in 1870 for the sum of $250, and which company is said to have returned in dividends since that time upwards of half a million dollars. About the time of Mr. Edwards' arrival in Kamloops, the project for building the Canadian Pacific Railway began to ;: ;v'"fc'. ^em^- *';-'l, 't ''":. ■.jy'ii&v. !'■:■:. ^ 'i ^^ '.'XHt^^ ».lli^-»^^^^^^^^^| m i 9 ^^^^^^^H ^^^^^^^H ^ ',> - , ... ^j "Y •^ ^ y '0 ■ 1 n 1 ,~^-^^p^_^ l. L 6 ^H'.v^<^<^lit3d^l[iS 1 |- _ -Mllri-.-f^j.- llllllli'Hii _ J^^^^HI Mr. John T. Kdw.irdK. bear fruit, and survey parties were already being sent out in British Columbia, and when the North Thompson route was selected by the engineers as the most feasible one from the Yellow Head Pass south, he purchased the splendid property on the east bank of this river, about twelve miles north of Kamloops, on which he at present resides. Although the railway did not, as contemplated, pass Mr. Edwards' door, still it is within easy reach by wagon road, and in the near future will, no doubt, be traversed by the contemplated road to Cariboo. Mr. Edwards goes in extensively for agriculture and stock raising, both cattle and horses, the hills, sloping gradually back from the river, afi°ording ex- cellent pasture land for stock. In the valley, large quantities of hay, grain and root crops are success- fully grown on the wonderfully rich hottom lands, to which is super- added a most bounteous supply of water for irri- gating. Mr.Edwardshas been a Justice of the Peace for a number of years, and frequently oc- cupies a seat on the magisterial bench inimporlant cases. He is also a director and a past president of the Kamloops Agri- cultural Associa- tion, in matters relating to which he always takes a deep and untiring interest. Thus, at the age of 52, in the prime of man- hood, as viewed in the Western coun- try, assisted by a kind and hospitable helpmate in Mrs. Edwards, and surrounded by his family, some of them grown to years of manhood and woman- hood, Mr. Edwards can glance backward over the years since his arrival here and truly say, "It is well." Living on the broad acres v/hich his industry has converted into an ideal place of residence, riding the ranges, overseeing his em- pl. yees and stock, always with a hearty word of greeting to every passer-by, hospitable and gener- ous in the best of the Western sense, and with the most unbounded faith in the future of this country, this brief sketch leaves him with the earnest wish that long before another decade shall have passed his utmost expectations will be realized. 34 i^ s were already being and when the North I by the engineers as le Yellow Head Pass ndid property on the t twelve miles north at present resides, ot, as contemplated, till it is within easy 1 the near future will, je contemplated road :oes in extensively for ng, both cattle and horses, the hills, sloping gradually back from the river, affording ex- cellent pasture land for stock. In the valley, large quantities of hay, grain and root crops are success- fully grown on the wonderlully rich liottom lands, to which is super- added a most bounteous supply of water for irri- gating. Mr.Edwardshas been a Justice of the Peace for a number of years, ;ind frequently oc- cupies a seat on the magisterial , bench inimporlant cases. He is also a director and a past president of the Kamloops Agri- cultural Associa- tion, in matters relating to which he always takes a deep and untiring interest. Thus, at ihe age of 52, in the prime of man- hood, as viewed in the Western coun- I hospitable helpmate in nded by his family, some ■ manhood and woman- ance b.ickward over the re and truly say, "It is jroad acres v/hich his into an ideal place of yes, overseeing his em- 3 with a hearty word of ly, hospitable and gener- itern sense, and with the de future of this coi-nlry, Ti with the earnest wish lecade shall have passed ill be realized. THE MICA MINES. THE mica depo.sits of Tete Jaune Cache, situated to the north ot Kamloops, have of late attracted great attention on account of their vast extent and the fineness of the mineral. Mica is a mineral but rarely met with of commercial grade, and where a workable mine is discovered it is of great- value. The deposits at Ttite Jaune Cache were originally discovered by Indians trapping in that region. They brought down specimens of the mineral, and when in 1887 the Government of the United States offered a bonus for the discovery of a permanent mica lead some citizens of Kamloops succeeded in inducing what flat surface about one and a half miles in width by three miles long. Along this surface I found six distinc veins running southeast and northwest, with an average thickness of from 6 to 20 feet. I selected one of the veins, and ran an open cut 14 feet long and 5 feet deep. On the top, for a depth of about six inches, we encountered smoked or biotite mica. Below that depth it changes to muscovite or white mica. Sufficient depth, however, was not attained at this point to enable us to secure the mica crystals in large blocks. What was obtained was of clear, tough?and flexible character. These veins were extending as far as the eye could follow them to the northwest. The country was rough, and in order to follow the veins we made a detour back J. M. Russell's Gr.ind Sluicf ami Tuniifl on Tranquillc Creek. the Indians reluctantly to divulge the location of their " find." In 1888 the Indians conducted a party of white men from Kamloops to the place of the deposits and several claims were staked out and recorded, but, although splendid specimens of the mineral were brought down and trips made to the deposits each summer for some years, practically nothing was done in the way of de- velopment. In 1894 John F. Smith, of Kamloops, obtained an interest in the claims, and that year made an exploratory examination of them. Describing his trip, Mr. Smith says : " Indications of mica became visible as soon as we struck the base of the main mountain, small veins being everywhere exposed in the formation. On reaching the summit of the mountain, which rises 2,500 feet above the valley, we found a some- to the Canoe River Valley, via the main trail to Tt5te Jaune Cache, and thence north some twenty miles. Here the facilities for observation were better. We found exposed a series of veins, [which it was clear was a continuation of those previously visited, the same number of veins being visible, only much thicker on the surface, averaging from 10 feet to 60 feet wide. Selecting what I thought to be the most favorable spot, I made an open cut in a gigantic slide which had been brought down by '' e action of the glaciers above, breaking away rom the parent lead and lodging on a projection about 500 feet below. Here mica was obiamed in large blacks, of wedge shape, weighing from 50 lbs. to 300 lbs., the flat surface ranging between 4 x 6 in. and 20 x 36 in., and from 3 in. to 20 in. thick at the butt edge. These blocks, however, had been greatly damaged ■ 35 .....:-ji IJ Hi ( .V : ft - I ■! !ii n MH lAl ttl! iSl i' r r t I.: i V\\\ fill i.i by the disturbance in falling from their original position above, and the proportion of clear mineral was therefore not what it olherwi.se would have been. The lack of sufficient means at our com- mand made it impossible to tap any of the main veins, but there is no question that the showing in the slide is an exact indication of what would be found in the veins, and shows correctly the extent of the mineral they contain. Out of an open cut on the slide 20 feet long and 8 feet wide ten tons of mica v;as taken, showing the enormous productiveness of these veins. " My last summer's operations on these veins showed 35 per cent of clear, crystals free from blemish. Three men in five days' actual mining ex- tracted one and one- half tons, which split and trimmed 1000 lbs. of merchantable mineral. "The mica crys- tals are found in as well-defined quartz ledges as other minerals. In this section it is in silica and spar quartz, generally capped by a com- pressed layer of conglomerate smoked mica. Im- mediately under- lying this is a stratum of spar quartz, which is generally studded with miniature blocks of the crys- tals, and varies from two to eight feet in thickness. Beneath this stra- tum is the silica quartz in which the large blocks of crystals are found. These wedge- shaped blocks occur in the quartz in every imaginable position and can only be extracted by dynamite used with the greatest possible care in order to avoid shat- tering the mineral. In places I have found beryl associated with the quartz, and am of the opinion that further development will disclose tin. From the Tete Jaune Cache I traced the lead south ten miles without losing sight of the six veins, also three miles north. Therefore I have no hesitation in saying that these mica deposits are the most extensive yet discovered in the world and wil' become of enormous economic value." All that is required to place mica mining in ttic front rank of the wealth-producing industries of British Columbia is capital. This is coming, too, for already the eyes of capitalists have been directed to Tiite Jaune Cache. The only present drawback is the difficulties of transportation. These are not even now insuperable, and when the railway is pushed through to Cariboo the facilities for getting the mineral to market will be perfect. MR. WM. J. ROPER. THIi Cherry Creek Ranch and Mr. Wm. J. Roper are well known throughout the length and breadth of British Columbia. Mr. Ropei first began cattle raising at Cherry Creek in 1876, and during the twenty-one years since that time has prospered abundantly. He is an English- man by birth, being born over fifty years ago in the County of Dorset. He came to British Columbia in 1863, and for some years was en- gaged in mining, packing and team- ing in Cariboo. A man of keen busi- ness capabilities, he is one of the foremost person- alities in the com- munity,and would likely have been equally successful no matter to what branch of industry he might have ap- plied his energies. At Cherry Creek, to his many friends he extends a boun- teous hospitality, and there is no pleasanter man to meet in the whole country than Wm. J. Roper. Mr. \V,n. J. Ri>pt The total output of gold since iis first discovery in British Columbia, even before new mineral districts were opened up by the Canadian Pacific Railway, was estimated at $60,000,000. It is now far in excess of this. With present facilities for prospecting, much heavier returns are expected, for the era of scientific mining in British Columbia has only commenced. There are prairies here and there, valleys free from wood, and many openings in the thickest country, which in the aggregate make many hundred thousand acres of land on which no clear- ing is required, but near each opon spot is a luxuriant growth of wood. No OTHER province of Canada, no country rn Europe, and no state in North America, compares with British Columbia in respect to its timber. 36 inly present drawback taiion. These are not I wlien the railway is ne facilities for getting le perfect. ROPER. anch nnd Mr. Wm. J. nown throughout the I of British Columbia. !gan cattle raising at during the twenty-one prospered abundantly. He is an English- man by birth, being born over fifty years ago in the County of Dorset. He came to British Columbia in 1863, and for some years was en- ■■ g^fi^'^ "^ mining, V ; packing and team- ing in Cariboo. A man of keen busi- ness capabilities, he is one of the foremost person- alities in the com- munity,and would likely have been equally successful no matter to what branch of industry he might have ap- plicd his energies. At Cherry Creek, to his many friends he extends a boun- teous hospitality, and there is no pleasanter man to meet in the whole country than Wm. J. Roper. n^ The total output of gold since its first discovery in British Columbia, istricts were opened up lilway, was estimated at in excess of this. With specting, much heavier e era of scientific mining ily commenced. ! and there, valleys free penings in the thickest iggregate make many ■ land on which no clear- r each open spot is a Canada, no country mi orth America, compares respect to its timber. HR. JAHES riELLORS. iyy|R. JAMES MELLORS, an engraving of / T % a scene on whose splendid ranch, known J_ \_ as Hill Farm, appears on this page, was born at Car-Colston, Nottinghamshire, Eng., where he lived and worked as a farmer till the year 1865, when he emigrated to America, coming to British Columbia the same year. As before stated, Mr. Mellors' early life was spent in tilling the soil, and although the more attractive but ofrtimes less lucrative employment of placer mining was the most universal incentive in this country at this period, he still adhered to his early associations, knowing intuitively the agricultural possibilities of the soil, both as regards husbandry At the Hill Farm there are about 150 acres under the highest state of cultivation, the crops including cereals, roots, fruit and hay, the remaining acre- age being chiefly devoted to winter pasturage. Mr. Mellors' farm is situated in the veiy heart of the latest mining discoveries in the vicinity, being about one mile east of Coal Hill, while a number of locations to the southeast of his place have lately been recorded, some of which are actually on ground belonging to him, and his stock, a?well as that of other ranchers, graze on the surface ground of the entire mineral locations. Mr. Mellors is unmarried, though none the less hospitable on that account, his home being ever open to the traveller, be he stranger or friend, and his personal activity and industry in all matters .Sfcne on J.'uiifs Mollurs* l<<-iiu-h. South of Kriniloops. and stock raising. After some years spent in farming on the South Thompson River with the present Sheriff Pemberton and others, he, in con- junction with the late G. W. Jones, took up the land on which he at present resides, and which to-day comprises about 800 acres. here Mr. Mellors' early experience stood him in good stead, and by steady industry has not only made of Hill Farm a delightful place of residence, but a profit- able farm and ranch as well. In 1885 he bought out Mr. Jones' interest in the entire estate and has remained sole proprietor since that time. In addition to Hill Farm, and some three miles dis- tant, he has also a fine plot of land, containing some 250 acres, at Jocko Lake, which includes some fine hay and pasture land, and it is from the vicinity of this plot that the engraving on page 21 illastrating "a cattle round-up" is taken, the round-up being in charge of Mr. Mellors himself. relating to ranching and husbandry have placed him among the foremost of our agriculturists. At the present time he is president of the Kam- loops Agricultural Association, having been a director of that institution since its formation, and his untiring efforts in its behalf have undoubtedly been largely instrumental in placing the associa- tion in the proi.iinent position it occupies in this community. Mr. Mellors is also a member of and secretary to the Range Overseers, an elective body, whose duty it is to preserve the interests of the stock raisers, and has also been captain of the range for some two years past. Reports that have gone abroad of the improve- ment in mining in British Columbia during the past year or two and the depression of the industry in Africa has caused many of the American miners who went there to return. 37 m M ih' ^j;1. I ; 'i II;: M nil mi ' if i '' 1 ! . ! m iHiiiiillf II! i I! -!i (f MR. LEWIS CAMPBELL. THE sixtv-six years which liave intervened bettveen the date of the birth of Mr. Lewis Campbell and the present day have not yet made any serious inroads on the iron constitution with which bounteous nature en- dowed that gentleman, flis giant frame is still erect and towering his countenance strong and resolute, and his grip, on life apparently as firm and unyielding as ever it was. Since boyhood his life has been one of sturdy industry, and the result has been the acquisition of an ample store of thisworld's gear, and that enviable satisfaction which, in the evening of life, comiis to the man who feels that he has fought the hard battle of the years success- fully and has tri- umphed in the end. Of Highland Scottish parent- age, Mr. Camp- bell was born in one of the coun- try districts of the State of Ohio, and continued to live there for cightyears, when the family moved to the neighbor- ing State of Indi- ana, and there he passed his aist birthday. That was in 1853, and in that year, hav- ing attained his majority and cut the traditional "apron strings," he struck out boldly over the plains for Cali- fornia. He located in the northern part of the State. He did some little mining, but during the following five years was mainly engaged in teaming and packing between Maryville and Greka. In this business he made some money, and when the mining excitement broke out in British Columbia in 1858, he decided to make a move and play for bigger game. He reached Vale that year and started in with his customary energy at placer mining. But the best of the ground had been taken up, and his opera- tions in that field did not promise either great or sudden riches. He quit the shovel and pan and turned again to his old avocation of packing. He was one of the first to take up the trail to Lillooet and Cariboo. The following year he opened a store at Quesnelle. But it took him only twelve months to determine that there was more money and less risk for him in packing goods over the trail than in selling them over the counter, so he quit the store and resumed the pack. He con- tinued this business till the fall of 1864, when, haying acquired means, he went south to Oregon, bought a considerable band of cattle there and drove them northward, settling in 1865 on the ranch still held by him at the junction of a small stream (which has since taken the name of Campbell Creek) with the South Thompson about twelve miles east of Kaniloops. Mr. Campbell's ranch is stocked with as fine a lot of cattle as can be found in the country. The range is an ex- cellent one, and the small stream which flows Ihroughaportion of it affords water for the irriga- tion of a consid- erable acreage of good land sur- rounding the residence. A fine orchard has been planted and is being added to from yeartoyear, producing an abundance of choice fruit of almost all kinds grown in the country. Mr. Campbell has been blessed with a family of sons and daughters who are the joy of the old home- .Mr. Lfwis c.impixii. , v stead and the ' constant care of parents as kind and indulgent as parents could possibly be. The Bonanza and Pothook claims, owned by A. G. McDonald and others, lie in a flat valley to the west of Sugar Loaf Hill. They are out in the open, and the croppings were found in the banks of a little streain which carries water only in the freshet season. An excellent frame building has been put up and the miners at work made as com- fortable as possible. Tunnels are being run and shafts sunk on strong leads of fine ore, which have every appearance of permanency, and everything seems to indicate that these claims will produce a large amount of good pay ore. 38' .;::/:"-:;;;■';:., ng year he opened a took him only twelve lere was more money :king goods over the er the counter, so he d the pack. He con- e fall of 1864, when, went south to Oregon, d of cattle there and tiling in 1865 on the le junction of a small taken the name of Campbell Creek) with the South Thompson about twelve miles east of Kaniloops. Mr. Campbell's ranch is stocked with as fine a lot of cattle as can be found in the country. The range is an ex- cellent one, and the small stream which flows throughaportion of it affords water for the irriga- tion of a consid- erable acreage of good land sur- rounding the residence. A fine orchard has been planted and is being added to fromyeartoyear, producing an abundance of choice fruit of almost all kinds grown in the country. Mr. Campbell has been blessed with a family of sons and daughters who are the joy of the old home- stead and the constant care of gent as parents could >ok claims, owned by s, lie in a flat valley to II. They are out in the ere found in the banks irries water only in the eiit frame building has ; at wnrk made as com- nels are being run and i of fine ore, which have anency, and everything e claims will produce a ore. HR. ANDREW NOBLE. IN the year 1845, in the County of North- umberland, in the north of England, Mr. Andrew Noble was born, at a farm house on the banks of the Tweed. His boyhood was spent on the farm, and at the age of 15 he entered on his apprenticeship as a house carpenter at the village of Coldstream, a short distance from his birthplace, where he resided and worked for some seven years, when he removed to the famous shipping port of Newcastle-on-Tyne. At this latterplace he worked for upwards of twelve years at his trade, and enjoyed the es- teem and confidence of all with whom he came in contact, both in business and so- cially. Having de- cided on emigrating, and being a staunch supporter of the old Hag under which he was born, he selected Canada as a field for futureoperations,and accordingly in 1880 we find him settled in Hamilton, Ont. Dur- ing his residence in this latter city he erected under con- tract a considerable number of buildings. Hearing that build- ing operations were brisk on the Cana- dian Pacific coast, he removed from Ham- iltonto Victoria, B.C., in 188 1, and remained there contractingand building till the con- struction work on the C. P. R. was well ad- vanced on the main- land. He then ten- dered for and secured the contra|ct from the Onderdonk Com- ^''^ '^'"''^"* ^'"''''' pany for the erection of the station houses from Vale to Savonas, an undertaking which was performed with satisfaction and despatch. In 1886 we find him again contracting, this time with the C. P. R. syndicate, and erected for them the large com- pany's boarding houses at North Bend and Kam- loops, as well as the employees' cottages, some eight in number, at these points, and during the same year he also built in Kamloops the Grand Pacific Hotel, the Presbyterian manse and the dwelling houses c .vned by Mr. L. Campbell and Mr. J. Barmerman. Building operations having become somewhat slack, in the following year, Mr. Noble, with com- mendable foresight, looked about for an anchor- age place in this new and promising district, and eventually purchased the property on the west side of the North Thompson River, some twelve miles north of Kamloops, and known as the Cold- stream Farm, and from an energetic and success- ful carpenter we now find him transformed into a no less energetic and successful rancher and agri- culturist. Mr. Noble's early farm training in the north country gave him the advantage of being no novice in his new vocatio" here, and he is regarded as one of our most practical and ptogressive farmers and ranchers. In addition to the Coldstream Farm, which contains som*^ 440 acres, he has leased some 200 acres adjoining from the Hudson's Bay Company, and which gives him nearly two miles water frontage on the river, and he is also fortunate in having an abundance of water for irrigat- ing. Althoughdeeply interested in the farm, Mr. Nf-Me spares some tim - during a slack seas j.n to mineral prospect- ing and develo^'ing, and this past winter has located a nne- looking ledge of ga- lena ore on Jamieson Creek, about three miles distant from his farm, and which he intends to develop as the season advan- ces. On this claim Mr. Noble has run a shaft some distance in, and which shows a well-defined ledge or vein of galena, between walls, with a varying width of from four to six feet of pay ore, and which will no doubt improve as develop- ment advances. The creek on which his loca- tion is situated has long been known to old- time placer workers, and from present indications will be thoroughly exploited for quartz properties this coming summer. Mr. Noble was married in 1872, and his wife and family of four children are with him at Cold- stream, where many who will read this sketch have enjoyed his hearty welcome and hospitality. He is, and has been since its inauguration, a most active member of and exhibitor at the Kamloops Agricultural .Assof^'ation, and is also the statistical collector for the North Thompson and Kamloops districts of the crop reports for the Local Govern- ment, a position for which he is eminently qualified 39 yii' f 1 1 ii; MR. JOHN WILSON. Tl^R. WILSON is an Englishman by birth, / T % born in a small place called Kirby-Heb- j_ \_ ben, on the borders of Westmoreland and V'orkshire, in 1833. Here his early life wa8 spent at school and on the farm, but at the age of 17 he decided to cut loose from the Old Soil and try his fortunes in America, and settled in the town of Logansport, Indiana, in 1849. After two years spent in farming, and having contracted a severe attack of ague, he decided on going to Cali- fornia, whither he went via the Isthmus of Pan- am a in 1851. After ashort time spent in San Francisco, Mr. Wilson turned his attention to mining, his first venture being on the north fork of the American Ri- er, the work beingdoneprinci- pally by fluming. After leaving there, his next lo- cation was on the Russian River, and in 1856-57 he m in e d in the vicinity of Peta- luna. Leaving California in 1858, he came to British Columbia and again follow- ed mining and also trading on the Fraser River for a period of two years. In 'hespringof i860 and before the famous gold de- posits of Cariboo had been discovered, he went on a prospecting tour about the Horsefly Lakes and to the east and north of Cariboo, with no great measure of success, turning back from this region to Lillooet and remaining there till the spring of 1862, when he joined the rush to Cariboo. Here he started mining in earnest and becamtf the owner of the Tinker claim on Williams Creek, which soon proved a splendid paying property, as high as 300 ounces having been taken from it in a single clean-up. Here he continued for two seasons, leaving the mines in the fall of 1864 The following spring, in com- pany with Mr. Lewis Campbell, he made a trip to Oregon for the purpose of buying in cattle, and, having succeeded in selecting a good sized band, drove them over the mountains to the South Mr, Jo Thompson River, locating them on the land now occupied by Mr. Campbell, this being the com- mencement of Ml'. Wilson's stock-rai>ing business, which to-day has assumed such large proporlion.s as entitles Mr. Wilson (o his cognomen as one o( the cattle kings of the interior. He resided here for one year and, moving to Savonas, came event- ually to Cache Creek Valley, his present place of residence. In 1868 he took up 160 acres of land at Grand Prairie, about twenty miles /rom Ducks Station on the C. P. R., to which he has since added by purchase till it now represents some 1,200 acres of excellent pas- ture, agricultural and meadow land. At Cache Creek he has about 1,000 acres and about 1,400 more in the vicin- ity of Savonas and Indian Gar- dens, and also a pre-emption o n Copper Creek. Onalllhesetracts of land and the open ranges ad- joining them Mr. Wilson has large bands of cattle grazing the year round. Not only is he a very large raiser of stock, but a large pur- chaser as well. Hecontractswith meat purveyors at the coast cities (or thiir supplies of beef cattle and draws his sup- plies from his own herds and from those of many other ranches in the Wilson. interior, his ship- ments averaging 1 50 head a month, which at prevailing prices would represent a sum approaching $100,000 in the course of the year. Mr. Wilson is an active and energetic business man, and gives his whole time and per- sonal attention to the industry, and no one in the upper country is more respected and esteemed, his word being taken as readily as his bond. In concluding this article we only re-echo the wish of the entire community that Mr. Wilson may long be spared to carry on and increase his present extensive business, which by his probity, earnestness and foresight he has placed on so firm a commercial basis. Mr. Wilson's home at Cache Creek is ever open to the traveller,and the charming hospitality of himself and family ca.i be vouched for by very many who will peruse these lines. 40 9. ^®ia€is^'ar^ /JP^fjc lEnarabings itt tfiis^sr vU tuorii toere matie h^ u^* ^amplea oC (f^ommcrc ial MorJi. 41a n RBSBEB « i M' ll.t. , li! -t lin.r i ; ill ■':'. I ^iil t ! iili «-.«-.«?: I Kamloops C Mining Camp « is attracting World-wide Attention ^ You^-^^^*^^^*^^ want to know all about it READ :.4!:. .^ $2.00 per annum 1 - (Send for sample copies.) , .; ,, „ THE INTELLIGENT ADVERTISER SEEKING TO DO BUSI- NESS IN CARIBOO, LILLOOET. AND YALE, THREE OF THE GREAT MINING DISTRICTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, WILL USE THE COLUMNS OF ' 2ri)f ^tnlanU ^fntinfl. 4 r Fcr Hates address the office of publication or Gray's Advertising . : Agency, Temple Building, Montreal 44a •<» ; 1! Cosmopolitan Hotel ..'ii .- ;_, . V.V.. RUSSELL & HEROD, PROPRIETORS, KAM LOOPS, B.C. The Leading Hotel of the City. The Place where the Mining Men and Ranchers are to be found. 43« idl mnv^m^ i ! ill! i 11 ]r,^ FOR SALE A Block Containing 6.484 ACRES OF LAND Situated at the head of ARROW LAKE, B. C, across the Columbia River from Arrow Head. The Acreage is as follows: ' - Bottom lands, partly meadow, easily drained, 3,000 acres. Fair land, suitable for fruit culture Wild land 1,000 2,484 The property lies immediately at the head of navigation, where the Canadian Pacific Railway connects with its line of steamers for the great Kootenay country. TO CATTLEMEN shipping into Kootenay it offers splendid advantages as a recruiting place for the stock, the pasturage in summer being magnificent, and many hundreds of tons of hay could be put up every summer. THE TIMBER on the property is calculated as follows : . %• . Hemlock - - 25,000,000 feet. Cedar - . - 5,000,000 " White Pine - - 500,000 ** The timber 'tself is valued for a very large sum of money. There is also a larg;* quantity of Alder suitable for firewood or charcoal. A stream in the vicinity will develop about 500 horse-power. There is magnificent fishing and shooting in the vicinity, and altogether the property is one of the most desirable now being offered in the interior of British Columbia. For further particulars apply to WM. BAILLIE, KAIVILOOPS, B.C. 44« THE ) Columbia River d, 3,000 acres. Chance OF A . LAND I Lifetime One of the Finest Properties in British Columbia For Sale. A SPLENDID TRACT FOR CATTLE RAISING, DAIRYING AND AGRICULTURE, AND A VERITABLE SPORTSMAN'S PARADISE. Contains 1438 acres, being- lots 737, 684, 752, 768 ar ' 685, group i, Kamloops division of Yale District. Title, Crown grant. Can be conveyed at short notice tree of encumbrances. This estate contains about 438 acres meai'ow and bottom land, partly seeded to timothy and red top grasses, and 1,000 acres of well sheltered and watered pasture land. With the exception of 318 ar es it is all fenced. Distance from Kamloops, 28 miles direct S. E., and about 25 miles from C P. R. main line. By wagon road from the C. P. R ' the ranch of Mr. Hewitt Bostock, M. P., at Ducks, it is 32 miles south. Salmon River runs Ihrouj^h this properly ti _ miles, affording some of the best sulmon trout fishing in British Columbia. With the exception of one mile of stream, it is almost the only fishing ground on this river, as for 18 miles above and below this property the river runs through a canyon. For iBild geese ami duck sliooting this place is not to be surpassed in America ; also excellent for deer, prairie chicken, grouse, etc. This property was located in 1885 by the present owner, when thousands of acres of land were vacant to be picked from. It lies in a promising mineral belt, and is most suited for raising cattle, feeding beef cattle, or for dairying. The only reason the owner has for selling is his having to live in town for the sake of his young children, and not having sutficient capital to stuck the place and engage help, will sell outright or will take a partner with capital.* Apply in person to O. S. BATCH ELOR, KAMLOOPS, B.C. * Offer* will b« accepted for the whole or parts of the property, 45« Bfefr" f.^ssmmmmmmm ^•llMil Wi I 'ii ■! R. E. SMITH, DBALKR IN Dry Goods, Ready-Made Clothing, Gents' Furni shings, Boots and Sh oes, Groceries, Provisions, Crockery, Etc. The very spot for Miners and Prospeclors to Purchace their Supplies at. MILLINERY AND DRESSMAKING DEPARTMENTS. KAMLOOPS, B.C. BANK OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (incorporated by Royal Charter, 1862.) CAPITA!, (with power to increase), - - ;^6oo,ooo $2,9}0,ooo RESERVE, HEAD OFFICE, 100,000 486,666 60 LOMBARD STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND In British Columbia — Victorif , Vancouver, New Westminster, Nanaimo, Kamloops, Nelson (Kootenay Lake), Sandon and Kaslo (Slocan). BRANCHES: In the United States — San Francisco and Portland. AGENT > AND CORRESPONDENTS: In Canada — ^Canadian Bank of Conunerce, Merchants' Bank of Canada, The Molsons Bank, Imperial Bank of Canada, Bank of Nov Scotia, and Union Bank of Canada. In Rossland — Bank of British Norili America. In United States— Canadian Bank of Commerce (Agency) JVrw York ; Bank of Nova Scotia, Chicago : Exchange National Bank, Spokane, Wash.; Paget Sound National Bank, SciiUle; London and San Francisco Bank, Tacoma. In Australia and New Zealand -Bank of Australasia. In Honolulu— Bishop & Co. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT. Deposits received from $1 upwards, and interest allowed (present rate) at 3 per cent, per annum. Qold Dust Purchased and every description of Banking Business Transacted. Kamloops, B.C., Nov. ayth, 1896. W. H. PEQRAM, Manaser. 46a ' I Finest Butter, «£ ®. Ceylon and Indian ® ® Canned Goods, Cheese, Fruits, Hams, Bacon. TEAS Coffees, Picitles. ■AND GROCERIES CROCKERYWARE. We handle only the best eoods J. S. SMITH, The Family Grocer, KAMLOOPS. B. C. .^^^rs^S;^ S^^f^i^a^^ ONDON, ENGLAND Molsons Bank, Imperial of Nova Scotia, Chicago : Seattle: London and San iONOLULU — Bishop & Co. i interest allowed (present !8« Transacted. PEQRAM, Manaser. % JAMES VAIR, I H DEALER IN ^ I Mining Supplies, Slielf and General t Hardware. t if I STOVES ANn TINWARE. ALL KINDS OF SHEET IRON CAMP STOVES W AND TINWARE MADE TO ORDER. KAMLOOPS, B.C. 47« anfflgiin... -jMtiH ! ;i Hi 1 I ^.t ; ^ I ! ? ^. H. Stephenson., THE WATCH SPECIALIST, C. I*. K. Watch Inspecttir, K.'im!iv>ps DivJKion. DEALER IN Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and Silverware of Every Description. DIAMOND RINQS. All Kinds of Jawelry Manufactured to Ordar. Special Dlacount on Preaentation Goods. ■ narravinK N>atiy executed ^ Repairing and Adjusting Oompiicatsd ^ Watches a Specialty. AGENT FOR THE EQUITABLE SAVINGS, LOAN AND BUILDING ASSOCIATION. KJMLOOPS. B. C. E. G. Prior & Co., (Limited) Mill and Mining Supplies, IMPORTERS OF ^ Iron, Steel, Hardware, Waggons, Buggies, and Agricultural Innplements. ^ VICTORIA, VANCOUVER AND KAMLOOPS, B.C. 4 8a erware of Every ASSOCIATION. Keeps constantly mi h;ind a Full Stmk of. ^ M. GAGLIETTO i jS Miners' Supplies, OLOTHINQ, BOOTS and SHOES, f* Lines Specially Selected for GROCERIES, fj Miners' Requirements DRY GOODS. Jj KAM LOOPS, B. C. ^' i i i XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXIXXXXVVVIX IM M. p. GORDON. ....DEALER IN.. FURNITURE. O ARRETS. OIL CLOTHS. CORNICE ROLES. WINDOW SHADES, btc. KAMLOOPS, B. C. 49« '^TTsn K* And hold ihe attention of the buyer seems to be a predominant feature at the store of McARTHUR & HARPER. They attract because of the unbounded conRdence the public has in their business transactions. They hold the attention on account of the great variety of goods they have to show. There is not a store in the Province more alive and up-to-date in their line of business than this firm. They are direct importers of English ai)d Scotch Goods from London and Glasgow and other large business centres, always keeping their stock well assorted. Some of their lines are ' Hi ;\ 1 i-iS Silks, Dress Goods, Laces, Rfbbons, Flannels, Cottons, Sheetings, Linens, Wrappers, Blouses, Jackets, Gloves, irs'S s, Etc. The iBest Shoes for Hiners in the Country. Hams, btoCon, Beans, Canned Meats, Canned Vegetables, Sugar, Tea, . Flour, Rice, Biscuits, Etc., Etc. 'flade Clothaimg, Overalls, Blarakets, Boots aed Shoes.. :! 'M 1 I I i t Jl I I ^11 THE LOWEST PRIGE CASH STORES." AIPEE Aslicroft, ic C. 50a s, beacon, s, CaTiined Meats, led Vegetables, if, Tea, *, Rice, lits, Etc., Etc. Grand Pacific Hotel ifWifififififififififWifif¥i^ \MMMMMM»MMMMJf'MMMMMMMMMMJ^MMMJf>»MMMMJ^MMMJf'J^ KAM LOOPS, BRITISH COLUMBIA. The Leading Hotel of the City. DUPONT & CORNING, Proprietors. I HEADQUARTERS FOR MINING MEN. if if JUST OPPOSITE C. P. RY. DEPOT 5»« 7tmim ( . Mi !^i .■lijiir i Oi Or 0/ iAii ilH Oil \^ 0^ iHf 0^ ilr \y iit il^ i^ \if \li ii; \^ \^ \lt i^ Or \b HOPKINS & MCLEAN, li« ■«'.** Tents, Hardware, Men's Clothing, Boots and Shoes and Provisions. BETWEEN DOMINION AND COSMOPOLITAN HOTELS KAMLOOPS, B. C. .*% I I ^^r^^^^^^^^^^^^^r^^ m m m $20 RANKIN & THYNNE MINING >r BROKERS }PPICBS AT 523 HASTINGS STREET if jT VANCOUVER, B. C. and KAHLOOPS, B.C. riining Properties Negotiated shares In all the Principal Inines in British Columbia IBOUGHT AND SOLD on Commission, •ff^fifirir^firif AVA/MILL Capacity - 50,000 Feet per day lOS. GENELLE, - Prop. TELEGRAPHIC CODES A.B.C. 4th Edition MTir Moering & Neal's MTir Clough's 1\ ALL KINDS OF Dried Lumber and Shingles J FINISHING LUMBER AND MOULDINGS Constantly in Stock at the Mills and at the KAMLOOPS YARD. For Prioet Write or Apply to the Kamloops Office or at the Milt. iCi^'^^^^Cp^J^^^Si^^crf^^^Q^^ 53« \i I. I 1 II' ^ i 1 i;i PACK HORSES FOR PROSPECTORS FOR SALE OR HIRE TIi05. C05TLEY KAMLOOPS ^ LIVERY, SALE AND FEED STABLES Parties wishing to visit different parts of the district can be furnished with Teams and Careful Drivers. iVlaCpherSOn, the Druggist THERE is an old saying that " the man who blows his own horn is of not much use," but because it is an old saying does not make it a true saying. 1 like to blow my own horn and I want the noise of it to be heard throughout the land, so that everyone in this country may know that there is a live, up-to-date Druggist in Kamloops, and his name is Macphekson, anJ everyone who hears the noise can have the privilege of dealing with me and find that I have a most complete stock of everything in my line. Make no mistake about it. You will find that my goods are Right, my prices are Right, and 1 will treat you Right. There are no antedeluvian ideas mixed up in mine I am up-to-date in every particular and my specialty is running a First-class Drug Store. You people in the country, send along your mail orders and I will attend to them as quickly as possible ; and come in and see me when in town You will always find the string on the latch on the outside, and a warm welcomt on the inside. ., . , Yours truly, — ' R. Q. MACPHERSON. The Leading Druggist of the Interior. ■\. 54« : OR HIRE furnished with s his own horn is of not does not make it a true 'ant the noise of it to be country may know that his name is Macpherson, 2ge of dealing with me ling in my line. Make no jht, my prices are Right, 1 ideas mixed up in mine ■ is running a First-class rour mail orders and I will nd see me when in town, side, and a warm welcome lACPHERSON. Roderick McLcod and Builder Contractor Plans and Estimates furnsshed for all classes v^ of Buildings. • OfBce and Factory, Lome Street, - Kamloops, B. C. Get Your Carnp Stove 4 and COOKING UTENSILS from Shotton & Mead THE LEADING PLUMBERS and METAL WORKERS OF KAMLOOPS. Cook Stoves : Ran^^es : Enamelled Steel Ware, Tinware and House Furnishings. ' V KAMLOOPS BOOK STORE STATIONERY FANCY Q00D5 3 MAGAZINES and \ PERIODICALS I Improved NEW WILLIAMS Sewing Macliines Largest and Best Stocic Fishing Tackle In the Interior. TELEPHONE E^ICHANCE W. T. SLAV IN, KAMLOOPS. B.C. C. W. WHITE Merchant Tailor KAMLOOPS, - B. C. :>.»• ^^^%i. A Large Range of the VERY BEST IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC CLOTHS Always on Hand. S5« '"'■■? fWISi*».-«iiv,>^, n i! fi.i" I if' I ii ! : Hi! !'il: Ii iH I" ill : M I J THE W. THOS. NEWMAN Qold Saving achine AUTOMATIC, uires no Labor and no Motive Power. Positively guaranteed to SAVE all fine float GOLD, FLOWERCD QUICKSILVER AND CONCENTRATES. Fop fupthep partlculaps, deaorlptlva olpoulaps. etc.. addpesa The W. Thos. Newman Gold Saving Co. MEDICAL billLDINC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. LOS ANGELES, CAL, U.S., 205 Currier Block. Established 1886. ^ Incorporated 1896. Mclennan, mcfeely & CO. LTD. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Shelf an° Heavy Hardware Mill and Mine Suppi'es. i'if Affeiil tor c.iaiil I'owili'i Co, 122 Copdova St., VANCOUVER, B.C. Kamloops Brick Yard We will be prepared after May Ist, 1897, to furnish both PRESSED AND STOCK BRICK In any quantltle* required, from our Brick YarH. JOHNSON & GILL, mOPRICTOHS jOHNaon & GILL •^ Contractors, Masons, «r fT B'^^cklayeps and Plastei'ops. Plans Furnished and Estimates Given on Every Description of BUILDINGS BricK. Lime, Plaster <.nd Cement always in Stock and for Sale KAMLOOPS, B.C. R. H LEE Provincial Land Surveyor CIVIL AND MINING ENGINEER. Kamloops, B.C. S6fl ■I ;. NEWMAN ving British Columbia Mineral Law^. ATIC, id no Motive Power. inteed to SAVE e float D QUICKSILVER NTRATES. lesoFlptlva olPCuIaPB. etc,, los. Newman aving Co. oronto, Ontario, Canada. XL, U.S., 205 Currier Bloci*. q &• GILL )rs, Masons, #" ^ ipa and Plastei'ors. nates n of DINGS Cement always in Stock r Sale 8, - B. C. ial Land lor ^ING ENGINEER. B.C. INTERPRETATION. In the construction of tiie Mineral Act the fol- lowing expressions have the following meanings respectively, unless inconsistent with the context: "Mine" shall mean any land in which any vein or lode, or rock in place, shall be mined for gold or other minerals, precious or base, except coal. "Mineral" shall mean all valuable deposits of gold, silver, platinum, iridium, or any oi the platinum group of metals, mercury, lead, copper, tin, zinc, nickel, antimony, arsenic, bariani, bis- muth, boron, bromine, cadminum, chromium, cobalt, iodine, magnesium, manganese, molyb- denum, phosphorus, plumbago, potassium, sodium, strontium, sulphur or any combination of the aforementioned elements with themselves or with any other elements, asbestos, emery, mica and mineral pigments. " Limestone, marble, clay, or any building stone, when mmed for building purposes," shall not be considered as mineral within the meaning of the Act. "Rock in place" shall mean all rock in place bearing valuable deposits of mineral within the meaning of the Act. "Vein" or "Lode. " Whenever either of these terms is used in the Act, "rock in place" shall be deemed to be included. " Mineral claim " shail mean the personal right of property or interest in any mine. " Mining property " shall include every mineral claim, ditch, mill site or water right used for minirvg purposes, and all other things belonging to a vJ.ne or used in the working thereof. " Legal post" shall mean a slake standing not less than four feet above the ground, and squared or faced on four sides for at least one foot from the top, and each side so squared or faced shall measure at least four inches on its face so far as squared or faced, and any stump or tree cut off and squared or faced to the above height and size. " Mill site " shall mean a plot of ground located, as defined by the Act, for the purpose of erecting thereon any machinery or other works for trans- porting, crushing, reducing or sampling ores, or for the transmission of power for working mines. "Streams" sha'l include all natural water- courses, whether usually containing water or not, and all rivers, creeks and gulches. " Ditch " shall include a Hume, pipe or race, or other artificial means for condticting water by its jown weight, to be used for mining purposes. " Ditch liead " shall mean the point in a natural [watercourse or lake, or other source, where water s first taken into a ditch. "Free miner" shall mean a person or joint stock company, or foreign company named in, and law- fully possessed of, a valid existing free miner's certificate, and no other. "Record," "register," and "registration" shall have the same meaning, and shall mean an entry in some official bcok kept for that purpose. "Full intere.it" shall mean any mineral claim of the full size, or one of several shares into which a mineral claim shall be equally divided. "Cause" shall include any suit or action. ■■Judgment" shall include "order" or "decree." "Real estate" shall mean any mineral land in fee simple under any Act relating to gold mines or to minerals other than coal. "Joint stock company" shall mean any company duly mcorporated for mining purposes undet the "Companies Act," "Companies Act, i8go," and any company duly incorpor . sd in British Columbia for mining purposes under the '■ Companies Act, 1862," (Imperif.'l), and shall include all companies, whether foreign or local, registered or incorpor- ated under the "Companies Act." FREE niNERS' CERTIFICATES AND PRIVILEGES. 1. Any pen »t over cig/i/cvn yairs of age or any joint slock company or foreign company, can obtain a free miner's certijicale, for one or more years, by applying to any gold commissioner or mining recorder in British Columbia, and paying a fee of $-i.u<) for each year. In the absence of the Mining Recorder the fee can be lef*. with any ollicer or person in charge of the oflfic, and the certificate will- date from that time. 2. A !ree miner can, at any time, obtain a cer- ti fictile commencing to run at the expiration of /lis then existing certi/ieate, by paying the regular fee and producing such existing certificate. If a free miner's certificate be lost or destroyed he can obtain a " substituted certificate " on payment of $1.00. 3. A free miners certificate is not trans/eiable. 4. Any person, or joint stock company, mining or working on a mineral claim, mine held as real estate, tunnel, flume, drain or ditch, without having taken out a free miner's certificate, is liable, on con- viction, to pay a penalty not exceeding $2-;. 00 and costs. 5. Subject to the proviso hereinafter stated, no person or joint stock company shall be recognized as having any right or interest fn or to any mineral claim or any niinerats therein, or in or to any water right, mining ditch, drain, tunnel or 57 $ [it!'l|i|i|l H-f'iiil \\\m''^ f M'f ! i < • \iM • If I ii' fill '!;: I: '1,11.; ii flume, unless he or it shall have a free miner's certificate unexpired. And on the expiration of a free miner's certificate the owner thereof shall absolutely forfeit all his rights and interests in or to any mineral claim, and all and any minerals therein, and in or to any and every water right, mining ditch, drain, tunnel or flume, which may be held >. r claimed by such owner of such expired free miner's certificate, unless such owner shall, on or before the day following the expiration of such certificate, obtain a new free miner's certifi- cate : Provided, nevertheless, should any co-owner fail to keep up his free miner's certificate, such failure shall not cause a forfeiture or act as an abandonment of the claim, but the interest of the co-owner who shall fail to keep up his free miner's certificate shall, ipso facto, be and become vested in his co-owners pro rata, according to their former interests : Provided, nevertheless, that a shareholder in a joint stock company need not be a free miner, and, though not a free miner, shall be entitled to buy, sell, hold or dispose of any shares therein: And providjd, also, that this section shall not apply to mineral claims for which a Crown grant has been issued : Provided, always, that if any person or company shall acquire, by purchase or otherwise, any mine or mineral claim, or interest therein, and it shall appear that some person or company through whom he or it claims title has neglected to take out or keep up a free miner's certificate, according to the provisions of the Mineral Act, such person or company so acquiring such mine or mineral claim, or interest therein, may, within one month from the time when he or it shall first acquire knowledge thereof, or if knowledge acquired within one month after the Mineral Act, 1896, becomes law, pay to the Recorder of the mining division in which the claim affected is situate the fee or fees which ought to have been paid by such person or com- pany in default as aforesaid, and thereupon the title of such person or company so acquiring the said mine or mineral claim, or interest therein, shall be deemed to be and always to have been as good and effectual as if no such default had occurred, but this last proviso shall not affect litigation pending at the passage of the said Act of i8g6. 6. Every free miner shall, during the continu- ance of his certificate, but not longer, have the right to enter, locate, prospect, and mine upon any waste lands of the Crown for all minerals other than coal, and upon all lands the right whereon to so enter upon, prospect and mine all minerals other than coal shall have been, or here- after shall be, reserved to the Crown and its licensees, and also to enter, locate, prospect, and mine for gold and silver upon any lands the right whereon to so enter and mine such gold and silver shall have been, or shall be, reserved to the Crown and its licensees. Excepting out of all the above description of lands any land occupied by any building, and any land falling within the curtilage of any dwelling house, and any orchard, and any land for the time being actually under cultivation and any land lawfully occupied for mining piir- poses other than placer mining, and also Indian reservations and military or naval reservations ; Provided that where any hydraulic mining works, established in accordance with the "Placer Min- ing Act, 1891," have been in operation, the land which may have been uncovered by the operation of such works shall not be located or mined upon by any free miner other than the person or persons carrying on such hydraulic works for a space of six months next after the same shall have been so uncovered : Provided that in the event of such entry being made upon lands already lawfully occupied for other than mining purposes, and not being a portion of lands granted to and held by or for a railway company under any railway subsidy Act heretofore or to be hereafter passed, such free miner, previously to such entry, shall give adequate security to the satisfaction of the Gold Commis- sioner or Mining Recorder for any loss or damage which may be caused by such entry ; and pro- vided that, after such entry, he shall make full compensation to the occupant or owner of such lands for any loss or damages which may be caused by reason of such entry ; such compensa- tion, in case of dispute, to be determined by the Court having jurisdictions in mining disputes, with or without a jury. 7. A free miner may cut timber for mining pur- poses, upon any Crown lands or timber leasehold, or any lands the timber whereon has been reserved by the Crown. 8. A free miner may hold not more than one viiiieral claim on the same vein or lode, except by purchase; but he may hold, by location, a claim on any separate vein or lode. 9. A free miner may kill game for his own use at any period of the year while prospecting or mining. 10. A free miner shall have all the rights and privileges granted to free miners by the " Placer Mining Act." 11. The holder of a mineral claim is entitled io all minerals within his claim ; but he is /jo/ entitled to mine outside the boundary lines of his claim continued vertically downward ; except on min- eral claims located previous to the Mineral Act Amendment, 1892. Me is entitled to all surface rights, including timber for mining or building purposes, so long as he holds the claim. 1 2. A free miner s interest in his mineral claitn — save as to claims held as real estate — is a chattel interest, equivalent lo lease for one year, and thence from year to year, subject to the terms and conditions of the Mineral Act. 13. No free miner shall suffer from any acts of omission or commission , or delays, on the part of any government oflicial, if such can be proven. 14. Whenever through the acts or defaults of any person other than the recorded owner of a mineral claim or his agent by him duly authorized, the evidence of the location or record on the ground, or the situation of a mineral claim, has been destroyed, lost, or eff'aced, or is difficult of ascertainment, nevertheless, effect shall be given to same as far as possible, and the Court shall have power to make all necessary enquiries, directions and references in the premises, for the purpose of carrying out the object hereof, and vesting title in the first bona fide acquirer of the claim. 58 ^draulic mining works, vith the " Placer Min- in operation, the land vered by the operation located or mined upon n the person or persons works for a space of ame shall have been so in the event of such lands already lawfully ning purposes, and not anted to and held by or er any railway subsidy eafter passed, such free itry, shall give adequate of the Gold Commis- for any loss or damage such entry ; and pro- try, he shall make full pant or owner of such images which may be entry ; such compensa- I be determined by the is in mining disputes, / timber for mining pur- nds or timber leasehold, sr whereon has been old not more than one vein or lode, except by Id, by location, a claim de. / game for his own use \x while prospecting or lave all the rights and miners by the " Placer leral claim is entitled to m ; but he is //o/ entitled dary lines of his claim iward ; except on min- ous to the Mineral Act is entitled to all surface for mining or building lolds the claim. •st in his mineral claim — real estate— is a chattel ease for one year, and r, subject to the terms leral Act. ' suffer from any acts of r delays, on the pari of if such can be proven. ! the acts or defaults of he recorded owner of a t by him duly authorized, ;ation or record on the of a mineral claim, has ■jflfaced, or is diflicult of ess, effect shall be given lie, and the Court shall ill necessary enquiries, i in the premises, for the the object hereof, and t bona fide acquirer of ■5 ■ LOCATINQ MINERAL CLAIMS. 1. A mineral claim must not exceed 1,^00 feet in length by 1,500 feet in breadth. 2. All angles mi'U be right angles, except where a boundary line of a previously surveyed claim is common to both. 3. The claim must be marked by two legal posts, numbered i and 2, placed as nearly as possible on the line of the lode or vein, and not more than 1,500 feet apart. The line from i to 2 is the location line, and the claim may extend any number of feet to the right, and to the left of such location line, provided the total distance on both sides does not exceed 1,500 feet. 4. A legal post marked " Discovery post" must also be placed on the lode where it was dis- covered. 5. On No. I post must be written: — (i) "Initial post," (2) the name of the claim, (3) name of locator, (4) date of location, (5) approximate bearing of No. 2 post, (6) length and breadth of claim, (7) No. of feet to right aiid No. of feet to the left of the location line. 6. On No. 3 post:—(i) The name of the claim, {2) name of locator, and (3) date of location. 7. When a claim has been located, the holder shall immediately mark the line between posts Nos. I ajid 2 so that it can be distinctly seen ; in a timbered locality, by blazing trees and cutting underbrush, and in a locality where there is no timber or underbrush, he shall set legal posts or erect monuments of earth or rock n.it less than two feet high and two feet in diameter at base, so that such line can be distinctly seen. 8. When the claim is surveyed, the surveyor will he guided entirely by posts i and 2, the notice on No. I and the records of the claim. 9. Post No. I must not be moved, and No. 2 only for correction of distance by Government surveyor. 10. When it is impossible to mark the location line as above, place posts as near as possible to the location line, and note distance and direction from such location line. These must be set out in the record of claim. 11. locations made on Sunday, or on any public hoiidav, are not for that reason invalid. N.B. — Legal posts must, in all cases, be at least four inches square, and not less than four feet above the ground. RECORDING MINERAL CLAIMS, ETC. 1. AH records must be made at the Mining Recorder's office of the mining division in which the claim is situated, and if, through ignorance, record be made in wrong division, this shall not affect the title ; hut new record must be made in proper office, within fifteen days from discovery of error. 2. (a) The holder of a mineral claim shall be entitled to all minerals which may lie within his claim, but he shall not be entitled to mine outside the boundary lines of his claim continued vertically downwards. (b) This Act shall not prejudice the rights of claim-owners nor claim-holders whose claims have been located under former Acts (c) No mineral claim of the full size shall be recorded without the application being accom- panied by an affidavit or solemn declaration in the Form S; made by the applicant or some person on his behalf cognizant of the facts : That the legal notices and posts have been put up ; that mineral has been found in place on the claim proposed to be recorded ; that the ground applied for is un- occupied by any other person as a mineral claim, and is not occupied by any other building, or any land falling within the curtilage of any dwelling house, or any orchard, or any land under cultiva- tion, or any Indian Reservation. In the said declaration shall be set out the name of the appli- cant, the number and date of his free miner's certificate, and the name of the place where the said certificate was issued, and the date of the location of the claim. The words written on the No. I and No. 2 posts shall be set out in full, and as accurate a description as possible of the position of the claim given, having special reference to any prior relations which it may join ; No mineral claim which at the date of its record is known by the locator to be less than a full sized mineral claim, shall be recorded without the word " fraction " being added to the name of the claim, and the application being accompanied by an affidavit or solemn declaration in the Form T, made by the applicant or some person on his behalf cognizant of the facts : That the legal posts and notices have been put up ; that mineral has been found in place on the fractional claim pro- posed to be recorded ; that the ground applied for is unoccupied by any other person i,-- .: mineral claim, and is not occupied by any building, or any land falling within the curtilage of any dwelling- house, or any orchard, or any land under cultiva- tion, or any Indian Reservation. In the said declaration shall be set out the name of the applicant, the number and date of his free miner's certificate, and the name of the place where the said certificate was issued, and the date of the location of the claim. The words written on the No. I and No. 2 posts shall be set out in full, as accurate a description as possible of the position of the claim given. A description of the land bounding the fractional claim on all sides shall state whether it is vacant Crown land or land occupied by mineral claims, with the names 'jf the claims. A sketch plan shall be drawn by the applicant on the back of declaration, showing as near as may be the position of the adjoining mineral claims, and the shape and size, expressed in feet, of the fraction desired to be recorded. (d) Provided that the failure on the part of the locator of a mineral claim to comply with any of the foregoing provisions of this section shall not be deemed to invalidate such loca ion, if upon the facts it shall appear that such loc itor has actu".lly discovered mineral in place on said location, and that there has been on his part a bona fide attempt to comply with the provisions of this Act, and that the non-observance of the formalities herein- before referred to is not of a character calculated to mislead other persons desiring to locate claims in the vicinity. 3. A mineral claim must be recorded within fifteen days after location, if within ten miles of 59 '': h ■ i; ' ■I ii Mil I iftt : the office of the Mining Recorder. One additional day is allowed for every additional ten miles, or fraction thereof. 4. A mineral claim shai! be marked by two legal posts, placed as fiear as possible on the line of the ledge or vein, and the posts shall be numbered i and 2, and the distance between posts i and 2 shall not exceed fifteen hundred feet, the line between posts Nos. i and 2 to be known as the location line, and upon posts Nos. i and 2 shall be written the name given the mineral claim, the name of the locator, and the date of the location. Upon No. I post there shall be written, in addition to the foregoing, " Initial Post," the approximate compass bearing of No. 2 post, and a statement of the number of feet lying to right and to the left of the line from No. 1 to No. 2 post, thus: " In- itial post. Direction of post No. 2 feet of this claim lie on the right, and . . . feet on the left of the line from No. i to No. 2 post." All the particulars required to be put on No. i and No. ■?. posts shall be furnished by the locator to the Mining Recorder, in writing, at the time the claim is recorded, and shall form a part of the record of such claim. 5. Upon any Mining Recorder issuing a free miner's certificate, or upon any free miner applying to record any mineral claim, bill of sale, or other instrument, the Mining Recorder shall enter in the free miners' certificate book the particulars of such free miner's certificate, givnig number of certificate, date, place of issue, and to whom issued. 6. Where a claim has been recorded under any name, and the owner or his agent is desirous of changing the same, the Recorder of said mining division may, upon application being made by such owner or agent, and upon payment of a fee of twenty-five dollars, amend the record accordingly : Provided, however, that such change of name shall not in any way affect or prejudice any proceedings or execution against the owner of the said claim. 7. On payment of the fees the locator, or his agent, will receive a certified copy of the record. 8. A mineral claim must be recorded within the time prescribed, or it will be deemed to have been abandoned. DISPUTES AS TO TITLES, ABANDON- MENT, RELOCATION, ETC. 1. In case of any dispute as to the location of a mineral claim the title to the claim shall be recog- nized according to the priority of such location, subject to any questions as to the validity of the record itself, and subject, further, to the free miner having complied with all the terms a. .J conditions of the .'\ct. 2. Upon any dispute as to the title to any mineral claim no irregularity happening previous to the date of the record of the last certificate of work shall aflFect the title thereto, and it shall be assumed that up to that date the title to such claim was perfect, except upon suit by the Attor- ney-General based upon fraud. 3. A free miner may at any time abandon any mineral claim by giving notice in writing to the Mining Recorder; and such notice will give him the right to take any machinery, personal prop- erty, and ore, from the claim, within such time as may be fixed by the Gold Commissioner, or Mining Recorder. 4. A free miner cannot relocate a mineral claim, or any portion thereof, which he has failed to record within the legal time, abandoned, or for- feited, without the permission of the Gold Com- missioner in writing. Nor can he hold any interest in any portion of such claim, by location, without such permission. 5. In the absence of the Mining Recorder fees and particulars may be left at his office with the officer or person in charge, and record shall dale from that time. ANNUAL WORK ON MINERAL CLAIMS. 1. Work on the claim itself, or outside of the claim, "with intent to work the same," having direct relation, and being in direct proximity, to the claim, to the value of one hundred dollars, muit be done each year, from date of record of mineral claim. 2. An affidavit made by the holder, or his agent, setting out a detailed statement of the work done, must be filed with the Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder; and a "certificate of work" obtained from the Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder, and recorded before the expiration of each year from the date of record of said claim. 3. A free miner or company of free miners, being the owner or holder of adjoining mineral claims, may, subject to filing a notice of his intentions with the Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder, perform, on any one or more such claims, all the work required to entitle him to a certificate of work for each claim. 4. Any two or more free miners holding adjoining claims in partnership, under the provisions of any Act for the time being in force, may, subject to filing notice as above, perform the work on any one or more of such claims to entitle them to a certificate of work for each claim. 5. Any money or labor expended in construct- ing (I tunnel to develop a vein or lode, will be deemed to have been expended on such vein or lode. 6. In lieu of the above tunnel work and recording of same, the holder of a mineral claim may pay to the Mining Recorder of his mining division, the sum of one hundred dollars, get a receipt and record the same each year from date of record of claim. TUNNELS AND DRAINS FOR HINERAL CLAinS. 1. A free miner, holding a mineral claim, or Crown grant to mine, can get a license, by permis- sion of the Gold Commissioner, to run a drain or tunnel, for drainage or any other purpose con- nected with the working of his mine, through any occupied or unoccupied lands, whether mineral or otherwise, by giving such security for possible dam- ages as may be required by theGoldCommissioner. 2. The owner of a tunnel, run for the develop- ment of a vein or lode, has, in addition to any mineral claim held by him, the right to all veins or lodes discirvered in such tunnel, if they are marked out, and duly recorded, within fifteen days after discovery; provided, that such veins or lodes are not included in any existing mineral claims. 60 Ti, within such time as immissioner, or Mining ^locate a mineral claim, hich he has failed to 16, abandoned, or for- ion of the Gold Com- ;an he hold any interest m, by location, without Mining Recorder fees at his office with the , and record shall date WINERAL CLAIMS. tsclf, or outside of the ork the same," having in direct proximity, to if one hundred dollars, from date of record of the holder, or his agent, ;ment of the work done. Gold Commissioner or "certificate of work " ommissioner or Mining before the expiration of " record of said claim. xny of free miners, being djoining mineral claims, notice of his intentions rier or Mining Recorder, lore such claims, all the him to a certificate of miners holding adjoining er the provisions of any 1 force, may, subject to rform the work on any ms to entitle them to a ;h claim. expended in constriicl- 'in or lode, will be deemed 1 such vein or lode. uniicl toork and recording mineral claim may pay f his mining division, the f, get a receipt and record date of record of claim. LiNS FOR niNERAL ins. ing a mineral claim, or / gel a license, by permis- isioner, lo run a drain or any other purpose con- of his mine, through any inds, whether mineral or security for possible dam- ly theGoldCommissioner. nel, run for the develop- has, in addition to any n, the right lo all veins or nnel, if they are marked within fifteen days after such veins or lodes are ng mineral claims. ; rfiRTIFICATE OF IMPROVEriENTS FOR CROWN GRANT OF HINERAL CLAIHS. 1. Whenever the lawful holder of a mineral claim shall have complied with the following re- quirements, to the satisfaction of the Gold Com- missioner, he stiail be entitled to receive from the Gold Commissioner a certificate of improvements in respect of such claim, unless proceedings by the person claiming an adverse right under section 37 of the Mineral Act, iSgS, have been taken: — (a) Done or causeil to be done work on the claim itself in develo| ng a mine to the value of five hundred dollars, exclusive of all houses, build- ings, and other like improvements. For the pur- p ise of this section, work done on the claim by a predecessor or predecessors in title shall be deemed to have been done by the applicant who reieives a transfer of such claim; but in no case shall the cost of surveying be considered as im- provements or work done on the claim: [b) Found a vein or lode within the limits of such claim: ((■■) Had the claim surveyed by an authorized Provincial Land Surveyor, who shall have made three plats of the claim, and who shall have accur- ately defined and marked the boundaries of such claim upon the ground, and indicated the corners by placing monuments or legal posts at the angles thereof, and upon such monuments or posti ihall be inscribed by him the name and the official designation of the claim, and the corner repre- sented thereby, and who shall have, on completion of survey, forwarded at once the original field- notes and plan direct. to the Lands and Works n.;partment. After a certificate of improvements has been issued in respect of any claim so sur- veyed, prima facie evidence of its location upon the ground may be given by any person who has seen and can describe the position of such posts purporting to be so marked as aforesaid, and the said field-notes, or a copy thereof certified in accordance with the "Evidence Act," shall he received in all Courts as prima facie evidence of the facts which they purport to set forth: {d) Shall have posted on some conspicuous parts of the land embraced in the survey a copy of the plat of the claim, and a legible notice in writ- ing, in Form F of the Schedule to this Act, of his intention to apply for a certificate of improvements, and shall also have posted a limilar notice in the Mining Recorder's office, and such notice shall contain — ( 1 ) The name of the claim; (2) The name of the lawful holder thereof; (3) The number of such holder's existing free miner's certificate; {4) His intention to apply for certificate of im- provements at the end of sixty days, for the purpose of obtaining a Crown grant; (5) The date of the notice: ((•) Inserted a copy of such notice in the British Columbia Gazette or in any newspaper published in the Province, and circulated in the district in which the claim is situated, for at least sixty days prior to such application, which insertion can be made at any time after the posting of the notice on the claim : (/) Shall have filed with the Mining Recorder a copy of the surveyor's original field notes and plat immediately after posting the notice on the claim of his intention to apply for a certificate of improvements : {g) Filed with the Mining Recorder — (1) Affidavit of the holder of the claim, or his agent, in the Form G in Schedule of this Act: (A) At the expiration of the term of the said publication, provided no action shall have been commencee and notice thereof filed with the Min- ing Recorder, he shall forward to the ov/ner or agent, under Form I of the Schedule of this Act, the documents referred to above, together with a certificate that the notice provided by sub-section (h), sub-section (d), has been posted in his office, and the field-notes and plan deposited for reference therein from the date of the first appearance of the said notice in the British Columbia Gazette and continuously therefrom for a period of at least sixty days. The Recorder shall also set out in Form I the name of the recorded owner of the claim at the date of signing the same. 2. After the issuing and recording of a certificate of improvements and while such certificate is in force, it is not necessary to do any work on the claim. 3. On the granting and recording oi such Certi- ficate of Improvements the holder thereof is en- titled to a Crown grant of his mineral claim if it is situated outside the railway belt without any payment for the land; but if it is situated within the railway belt he must pay five dollars per acre to the Mining Recorder. 4. If, after applying for a certificate of improve- ments, the applicant shall sell and transfer his claim to anothe , the new holder can have the certificate of improvements made out in his name, but after a certificate of improvements has been issued the holder cannot record any transfer of his rights in the claim until he obtains his Crown grant. ADVERSE CLAIMS. 1. A certificate of improvements when issued as aforesaid shall not be impeached in any Court on any ground except that of fraud. 2. In case any person shall claim an adverse right of any kind, either to possession of the mineral claim referred to in the application for certificate of improvements or any part thereof, or to the minerals contained therein, he shall, within sixty days after the publication in the British Columbia Gazette of the notice referred to (unless such time shall be extended by special order of the Court upon cause being shown), commence an action in the Supreme Court of British Columbia to determine the question of the right of possession or otherwise enforce the said claim, and shall file a copy of the writ in said action with the Mining Recorder of the district or mining division in which the said claim is situate within twenty-four days from the commencement of said acti ■■n, and shall prosecute the said suit with reasonable diligence to final judgment, and a failure to so commence or to so prosecute shall be deemed to be a waiver of the plaintiff's claim. After final judgment shall have been rendered in the said action the person or any one of the 61 : ( HM:iir piiPii ! imI;. ill! persons entitled to the possession of the claim or any part thereof, may file a certified copy of the same in the offi:e of the Mining Recorder. After the filing of the said judgment, and upon com- pliance with all the reqairemants of the next pre- ceding section, such person or persons shall be entitled to the ijsue to him or to them of the certi- ficate of improvements in respect of the claim or the portion thereof \vhi(,!i iic or they shall appear from the 'ecision of the court rightly to possess : Provided ihat this section, shall not apply to any adverse claim filed or action to enforce the same commenced prior to the date of the Act of 1896 coming into force, but the same shall be continued in the same manner as if this Act had not been passed. 3. If an adverse claim shall only affect a portion of the ground for which a certificate of improve- ments is applied, the applicant may relinquish the portion covered by the adverse claim, and still be entitled to a certificate of improvements for the undisputed remainder of his claim, upon comply- ing with the requirements of the Act. 4. When judgment in such a cise is rendered by the court, a memorandum of such judgment shall be entered in the " Record Book," and if, by any judgment, the original boundaries of the claim are changed a plat made by a Provincial Land Surveyor, and signed by the judge who gave the iudgment, shall be filed in the office of the Mining Recorder. CROWN GRANTS OF MINERAL CLAIMS. 1. Any lawful owner of a mineral claim can obtain a Crown grant, by paying to the Govern- ment of British Columbia the sum oi five hundred dollars, in lieu of expenditure on claim, after having complied with all the provisions relating to Certificates of Improvement, except such as have respect solely to work required to be done on the claim. 2. The holder of a Certificate of Improvements, which has been recorded, in respect of a min- eral claim outside the railway belt, is entitled to a Crown grant of such claim without the payment of five hundred dollars as above ; and in respect of a claim inside the railway belt, is entitled to a Crown grant on payment of five dollars per acre to the Mining Recorder. (Where the mineral claim is located on land lawfully occupied under a timber lease, the Crown grant shall convey the survey and minerals within the meaning of this Act (save coal) found in veins or lodes, or rock in place, but shall reserve the timber.) 3. The holder of a mineral claim for which a certificate of improvements has been granted and recorded shall make application for a Crown grant to the Gold Commissioner, enclo.«-ing his certificate of improvements, the Crown grant fee of rive dollars, the Mining Recorder's Certificate, Form I, the field note;; and pl.1t, and the affidavit, Form G, within three months from the date of such certificate of improvements, and in default of such application having been made within such time such certificate of improvements shall lapse and become absolutely void. 4. The issuance of a Crown grant does not invalidate a lien on a mineral claim. WHAT PASSES BY CROWN GRANTS OF MINERAL CLAIMS. 1. Of waste lands of the Crown : " The right of all minerals within the meaning of this Act (excepting coal) found in veins, lodes or rock in place, and whether such minerals are found separately or in combination with each other, in, upon, or under the land in the said Crown grant mentioned." 2. " Of lawfully occupied lands, the right whereon to enter, prospect and mine all -ninerals (other than coal), has been reserved to the Crown and its licensees :" A Crown grant "shall pass to the grantee all minerals within the meaning of this Act (other than coal) found in veins, or lodes, or rock in place, and whether such minerals are found separately or in combination with each other, which may be in, upon, or under the land of the said Crown grant mentioned, and including all the rights given to mineral claim holders of mineral claims so located ; but such Crown grant shall expressly reserve the rights of such prior occupant." 3. "0/ lawfully occupied lands, the right whereon to enter and mine gold and silver has been reserved to the Crown and its licensees ;" Crown grant " shall pass to the grantee all the gold and silver found in veins, or lodes, or rock in place, which may be in, upon, or under the land in said Crown grant mentioned, and including all the rights given to holders of mineral claims so located; but such Crown grant shall expressly reserve the rights of such prior occupant." TRANSFERS OF MINERAL CLAIMS. 1. No transfer of any mineral claim, or of any interest therein, shall be enforceable unless the same shall be in writing, signed by the transferrer or by his agent authorized in writing, and recorded by the Mining Recorder , and if s'gned by an agent, the authority of such agent shall be recorded before the record of such transfer. All mineral claims derived under Crown grant, and every transfer liiereof, or any mterest theiein, shall be registered under the provisions of the " Land Registry Act.'" 2. The transfer of any real estate acquired under the provisions of the "Gold Mining Amendment Act, 1873, ' shall be in writing, signed by the transferrer or his agent authorized in writing, and need not be by deed or under soal. 3. Every conveyance, bill of sale, mortgage, or other document of title relating to any mineral claim, not held as real estate, or mining interest, shall be recorded within the time prescribed for recording mineral claims : Provided, always, that the failure to so record iny such docuinent shall not invalidate the fame as between the parties thereto, but such documeniS as to third parties shall take effect from the date of record, and 1101 from the date of such document : And provideil further, that after the issuance of a Crown graui for any mineral claim it shall r>oi be necessary ti- register any transfer or other document of tiilf executed subsequent to such Crrwn g.ant with the Mining Recorder of the district in whiih tlv said claim is situated ; but all documents relating 62 minerals are found n with each other, in, the said Crown grant al estate acquired under ild Mining Amendment writing, signed by the thorized in writing, and ler Sv-'al. 11 of sale, mortgage, or elating to aoy mineral ate, or mining interest, :he time prescribed for Provided, always, that iy such docu nent shall a/, between the parties PiS as to third parties dat.' of record, and not icument : And provided lance of a Crown grant hall riu be necessary to ■itlier dov;i!ment of title inch Crrwn g.ani with he district in wliiih the t all documents relating tc the same may thereafter he registered in the same manner as are other documents of title relating to the transfer of real estate, and all the provisions of the " Land Registry Act," and any amendments thereto, shall apply to such regis- tration. MILL SITES FOR MINERAL CLAIMS. 1. On unoccupied and unreserved Crown lands, not known to contain mineral, a free miner may locate one mill site of Jive acres, as nearly as possible in the form of a square (7.07 chs. by 7.07 chs.) for each mineral claim held by him. To locate a mill site — [a) Place legal post at each corner. \b) Post a notice on each post stating : 1. Name of free miner. 2. Number of free miner's certificate. 3. Intention, in sixty days from date, to apply for land as mill site. 4. Date of notice. [e] Post copy of notice on office of Mining Recorder. 2. After sixty days deposit duplicate plans, by a Provincial Land Surveyor, in Mining Recorder's office ; and affidavit that above requirements have been complied with, and that said lands are not known to contain minerals ; in the following form: AFFIDAVIT OF APPLICANT PKIOR Til LEASE. I, ef the district of . free miner, make oath and say : 1. I have marked out the land required by me for a mill site, by placing a legal post at each corner. 2. I have posted a notice on each such post, and on the Mining Recorder's office at a copy of which notice is hereunto annexed marked "A." 3. The said land is not known to contain min- erals, and is not, to the best of my knowledge and belief, valuable as mineral land. Sworn before me, etc. 3. The Gold Commissioner will then giant n lease for one year. 4. During the year, if the lessee place or con- struct work 01 machinery for mining or millin,^ purposes, on said mill site, to the value of five hundred dollars, and prove the same to the satis- faction of the Gold Commissioner, he will be en- tilled to a Crown grant of said mill site on pay- ment oS. five dollars per acre; and any tr-^i; miner now having a lease of land for mill .'■i;e, may obtain a Crown grant on proving expenditure of five hundred dollars as above, and payment of five dollars an acre. 5. On application for Crown grant for mill site the lessee must : 1. Payjive dollars an acre to the Mining Re- corder. 2. Deposit -cvith A fining Recorder — (a) Lease of mill sitp (b) Plat of mill site. (r) .Surveyor's original field-notes. (d) Certificate from Gold Commissioner that works, or machinery, for mining or milling, to the vplue of five hundred dollars, have been pkced on the mill site. [e] Application for Crown grant ; and affi davit as follows : — AFKinAVIT OF APPLICANT FOR CROWN CIRANT OF MILL SITE. I, of in the district of , free miner, make oath and say: 1. I am the lawful owner of the mill site men- tioned in indenture of lease dated . . . and made between and 2. During the year mentioned in said lease, as the term thereof, 1 put or constructed works, or machinery, for mining or milling purposes, on the said mill site, of the value of at least five hundred dollars. Sworn before me, etc. (6) Cro7vn grants of mill sites fiass all the surface rights of the !and in the said Crown grant, but expressly reserve all minerals under said land, and the right to the Crown and its licensees to enter and mine the said minerals. WATER RIGHTS FOR MINERAL CLAIMS. 1. In measuring water '\n a ditch or sluice the following rules must be observed : (a) The water taken in any ditch or sluice shall be measured at the ditch or sluice head. (b) No water shall be taken into a ditch or sluice except in a trough placed horizontally at the pl;^ce at whirh the water enters. (c) One inch of waier shall mean half the quar tity that wi!! pass through an orifice two inches high by one inch wide, with a contant head of seven inches above the upper side of the orifice. 2. A free miner ho\d\ng a mineral claim, mine held as real estate, or mill site, may obtain a water right in unappropriated water, for mining and miliirig purposes, for a period of twenty years or less, on such terms as the Gold Commissioner .^liall think fit. 3. Before making application for grant, post notice on a legal post on conspicuous part of the ground where water is to be used, and a copy of such notice on the office of the Mining Recorder for sixty days. The notice shell contain : (a) Name of each applicant. (6) Number of each applicant's free miner's certificate. (c) Name or description of stream, lake, or other source, from which water is intended to be taken. (d) Point of diversion, or intended ditch head. (<•) Number of inches of water applied for, if) Purpose for which it is required. (g) Date of notice 4. //" mure than Oirec hundred inches of water applied for, $25.00 must be deposited with the Gold Commissioner, to be refunded if the grant is refused. A grant of water right ynust be recorded .">■ _ within the time allowed for the recording of mineral claim, but time may be extended by the Gold Commissioner; and no grant until recorded, takes effect 63 m 6. Prior to such grant priority of nolice shall constitute priority of right. 7. A grant duly recorded speaks from the date of grant. 8. The Gold Commissioner can allow grantee to change the place of diversion, on giving notice and complying with such terms as the Gold Commis- sioner may require. 9. The grantee must commence construction of ditch or other works to convey water within six months from date of grant, and proceed diligently and uninterruptedly to completion, unless stopped by the severity of the weather. But the Gold Commissioner can allow ,such work to cease for any length of time, in his discretion. 10. The grantee must take all reasonable means to utilise the water granted him, and must not waste or take any water in excess of his require- ments. 11. JVo person is entitled to a grant of water for the purpose of selling the same, or using it other- wise than for rhe purpose for which the water was recorded. 12. Every grant is subject to the rights of free mines working on the stream, and of any persons lawfully using the water for any purpose whatso- ever at the date of such grant. 1 3. The grant shall end and determine whenever the claim or mine for which it was obtained shall be worked out or abandoned, or whenever the occasion for the use of the water upon the claim, mine or mill site, shall have permanently ceased. 14. Any person, with the written sanction of Ihe Gold Commissioner, may bridge a stream, claim or any other place for any purpose ; or mine under or through any ditch or flume, or carry water through or over any land already occupied ; but in all such cases the right of the party first in possession, whether of the mine or water right, will prevail, and entitle him to compensation, if the same be just. 1 5. In forming or maintaining a ditch, if it be intended to enter upon and occupy any part of a recorded claim or mine held as real estate, or to dig or loosen any earth or rock within four feet of any ditch belonging to other parties, three days' notice in writing must be given before entering or approaching within twenty feet of such property. 16. Any person engaged in the construction of a road or any work may, with the sanction of the Gold Commissioner, cross, divert, or otherwise interfere with any ditch, water right, ir any other mining right whatsoever for such period as said Gold Commissioner shall direct. 17. Owners of a ditch, flume or pipe must con- struct and secure the same in a proper and sub- stantial manner, and maintain the whole in good repair to the satisfaction of the Gold Commis- sioner, and must construct and maintain all culverts, etc., necessary for the passage of waste or supetfluous water, and will be liable for all damages occasioned by any part of said ditch, flume, or pipe, or works connected therewith, breaking or being imperfect. i8. A -written notice to the party intended to be affected thereby, posted for ten days on some conspicuous part of any premises referred to in such notice, and on the office of the Mining Recorder, shall be deemed good and sufficient. ig. When the term of a grant for a water right has expired the Gold Commissioner may renew the same for a reasonable term, not to exceed ten years, provided the necessity tor the use of said water for the purpose for which it was originally granted continues to exist. 20. The (^hicf Commissioner of Lands and Works may lay out the public roads of the Province across, through, along or under any ditch, water right or mining right in any Crown land without com- pensation ; provided that as little damage as possible be done to the same. 1 'llili i 1 ' 1 1 'P ' p ^ I i 1 n 04 M $ Tt)e Canadian Pacific FVatlva^^ And 3oo Pacific E)ine. TlIK SHDRTKSr, (JUaKKST, AND MOST COMFORTABLE ROITK KROM ALL POINTS TO The Far-Famed Mining Districts of British Columbia The rubuloiisly rich Gold and Copper fieldsi of Trail-Rossland and Boundary Camps. The vsuiiderriil aiirirernuH depoHits of Golden Cariboo. The extraordinarily rich Silver-Lead mines of the famous Slocan, Lardeau, Kaslo, Ains- worth and East Kooienay Camps. The new discoveries of rich Copper-Gold Ores in the Kamloops (Yale) district. All now attracting the alttMition of mining people in all parts of the world. These celebrated minine districts are all directly tributary lo THE GREAT NATIONAL HIGHWAY Or CANADAi including^ its magnificent Steamboat service on the Columbia River and the Koolenay-Slocan and Okanagan Lakes. IT W TIOKCTS ISSUKD TO ALL PARTS OP CANADA AND THI UNITED 8TATI8. Ttiroiigh btHikint; to Euro|»e. Cliina, Japan, AuKtr.ilia and Ntw Zealand. Send or ask for tlie following patnphleis :— "Gold in Cantioo and Ktii>lena>." *'New Highway to theOrivnl." "Westward to the Far East." " Mritish Columbia." For rates or information apply ti> the ne. ne.irest ticket aKent. or lo H. M. MCGREGOR, Trav. Pass Asent, NELSON. GEO. McL. BROWN, Olatrlot Paas Acent, VANCOUVBR. ROBERT KERR, TrafRe Manasar, WINNIPSQ. I V>IMAVE J^^ ai^NnRAt} 3Toiin3 AT Shoal Lake ^m Sudbury ^ Touchwood Hills W^ Vancouver f^ Victoria |J Vernon -J And at other principal points in British Columbia, Manitoba and Northwest Territories. |" Bale des Peres Battleford Calgary Chapleau Dauphin Deloraine Edmonton Fort William Kamloops (SeePauiJ Langley Lethbridge Lower Fort Garry Macleod Mattawa Morden Nelson Pincher Creek Portage la Prairie Port Simpson Prince Albert Qu'Appelle Quesnelle Rat Portage Riding Mountain Whitewood Winnipeg Intending purchasers will find at these Stores the best goods at moderate prices, mM B— imported direct from all the principal markets of the world. pi ^^ I. « « 0 Kamloops Townsite * « Hf * 3r H? * 4* HOMES FOR THE Syndicate, f PEOPLE The now rapidly increasing population of Kam- loops nnakes it all the more urgent that citizens should secure a home for themselves while yet it Is possible to do so AT A SMALL COST. if if if £g| The property owned by the Syndicate and now offered *^ for sale embraces a large proportion of the most desirable land yet available in Kamloops City for building purposes, both Business and Residential. if if ^ DO NOT DELAY For this property must now Continue Rapidly to In- crease in Value. The Low Prices and favorable terms of Payment now obtainable cannot long be had. if if if For particulars apply to C. E. POOLEY. J. J. GARMENT. President, Agent, VICTORIA, B.C. KAMLOOPS, B. C. * * tH * * * « m * « « B * * * B six « ••• B