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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tsbleaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A drolte, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 PROCEEDINQS OF THK CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Third Series. Geology. Vou. I, No. 6. The Fauna of the Sooke Beds of Vancouver Island. BY John C. Merriam. With Onk Plate. Issued March 6. 1899. SAN FRANCISCO: Published bv the Academy. 1899. / \j MM ^^^Mgjggl^^ THE FAUNA OF THE SOOKE BEDS OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. BY JOHN C. MERRIAM. «| 'J The Sooke beds, so named from their occurrence in the Sooke district, on the southern coast of Vancouver Island, have been principally studied in the field by Dr. C. F. Newcombe of Victoria, B. C, the fossil invertebrates col- lected by him being placed at the disposal of the writer for study and description. As the result of the investigation of this material, together with that from other horizons, the author has, during the past two years, published two diag- nostic notes ' on this fauna. As no figures of the new species have been published, and as investigation of this fauna is not easily combined with any other to which the writer is at present giving par- ticular attention, it was thought best to bring together in one note the principal facts known regarding the fauna, furnishing also figures of the new species. Future investi- gation will probably add many new forms to the list given in this paper. The first mention of the Sooke beds made in the litera- ture is by Mr. James Richardson,^ who in 1876 noticed the occurrence of fossiliferous rocks in the Sooke district. The following extract from his paper expresses his opinion of the beds: — " At the mouth of John's River the lowest beds are gray sandstone, in some places crowded with fossils belonging ' " Note on Two Tertiary Faunas from the Rocks of the Southern Coast of Vancouver Island," Bull. Dep't Geol., Univ. Cal , Vol. II, No. 3. fee, 1896. " New Species of Tertiary MoUusca from Vancouver Island." Nautilus, Vol. XI, Octo- ber, 1897, p. 64. • Geol. Surv. Canada, Kept, Prog., 1876-77, pp. 160-192. [175I March 4, 1899. 228996 176 CAI.IFOKNIA ACAPEAfY OF SC/El^CES. [Proc. ,^d Skr. apparently to three or four species. These are referable to the genera Ostrca, Pcctcn, and Saxidomus, and are either of Tertiary or Post-Tertiary age." In 1892 Dr. W. H. Dall* mentioned the occurrence of marine beds of Miocene age near Sooke. Dr. Newcombe has, in 1893-98, made numerous visits to the outcroppings of the beds near Mujr and Coal Creeks, bringing back a considerable amount of material in a very good state of preservation. The cliffs in which the fossils occur are said by Dr. Newcombe to consist of soft sandstone and conglomerate. The strata do not appear to be greatly disturbed. Mollus- can remains are found in abundance in both the sandstone and the conglomerate. In most instances the specimens are well preserved, showing the original unchanged mate- rial of the shell. The number of known species being small, it is perhaps not possible to determine with absolute accuracy the age of this horizon. The recent and extinct species are, however, about evenly divided, so that both the Quaternary and the Eocene are beyond the range of possibility. Within the limits of the Neocene the nearly equal number of extinct and living forms points to Middle Neocene, while the gen- eral relationships of the fauna to the known Miocene and Pliocene faunas of the coast show no preponderance of affinity in either direction. The total evidence available seems then to indicate the Middle Neocene age of the Sooke fauna. ' BuU. V. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 84, p. 230. Obol. ..-vox.. M ;U/?A-AV./-./-A-'r.V..» OF niK SOOKK HF.PS. 177 Table Illustrating thk Relationships of the Sooke Fauna. n 2 g n g « > 1 B ft 5? H n 1. P/acuftanomia macroschtsvia 1 )esii 2. Mytilus cdulis Linn - • 1 3. Cerilhtdea Caltjorntca 1-1 ald 4. Aancta tnitra HlscH • 1 5. Crepidula rugosa 'nuit^. \tij/.\ 6. Pecteit :equisulcatus Cari'. (conf.) . 1 * *• 7. Pcctcn hastatus oowh. \ionj.j * \ 8. Chrysodomus atrus KhEVK ' • * • •• « * 9. Yoldta ttnpressa con l> 10. Peclitnculus patuius v-on * J 1 _ lYOCn' ' tHOrnaia \jaisn 12. Sinutn scopulositm Con. (row/. ) J- Cytherea ( ? ) Newcnmbci Merriam 14. Cytherea Vancoitverensis Merriam N * 15. Paiel'd g€i mel^'tca ivierriam 1 • 16. Nassa Ncwcotnoet ivierriam I R 17. Buiha oucctnotaes ivihrriam It 18. Fustts sp. nov # 19. rtisus sp. nov *t 20. Bttttutn sp. nov. \n 21. Creptauia sp 22, Usirea sp 23. CafatutH sp 24. Cefttfttaea sp ] 25. Tapes (?) sp . Referring to the fauna described by Conrad Uom Astoria and 1 .Uni deiitifi V. Cal. ed by , Vol. the 11. writer No. 3. p. 103. 178 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 3D SuR. The following species which have previously been diag- nosed by the writer are here redescribed and figured : Genus Cytherea Lamarck. Cytherea (?) Newcombei Mcrriam. Plate XXIII, Figs, i and \a. Cytherea, sp. nov., Bull. Dep't Geol., Univ. Cal., Vol. II, No. 3, p. 106. Cytherea Newcombei Merriam, Nautilus, Vol. XI, 1897, p. 64. Shell subquadrate to oval, high, moderately thick, truncated anteriorly. Beaks not prominent. Lunula faintly marked. Surface ornamented with numerous, irregularly placed growth lines and ridges. On some well pre- served specimens a large number of very faint, radial lines are visible. Length of large specimens 70 mm., breadth 55 nun. Hinge of right valve with three cardinal teeth and a short pit for the anterior lateral tooth of the opposite valve. This pit for the reception of the anterior lateral tooth is shallower and much shorter than in the following species. Cytherea Vancouverensis Merriam. Plate XXIII, Fig, 2. Cytherea, sp. nov., Bull. Dep't Geol., Univ. Cal., Vol. II, No. 3, p. 106. Cytherea Vancouverensis Merriam, Nautilus, Vol. XI, 1897, p. 64. Shell oval, narrowly rounded anteriorly. Beaks prominent. Lunule well marked. The somewhat weathered surface of the siiells ornamented by numerous, irregularly-placed growth ridges. Length of type specimen 62 ( ? ) mm., breadth 48 mm. Hinge of right valve with three cardinal teeth and a long, deep tooth-pit for the reception of the anterior lateral tooth of the left valve. Pit between the two anterior cardinal teeth of the right valve ordi- narily narrower and deeper than in C. Newcombei. Genus Patella LimU. Patella geometrica Merriam. Plate XXIII, Fig. 4. Patelloid, sp. nov.. Bull. Dep't Geol., Univ. Cal., Vol. II, No. 3, p. 106. Patella geometrica Merriam, Nautilus, Vol. XI, 1897, p. 65. Shtll large and heavy, up to 50 mm. or more in length, suborbicular. Apex elevated, well forward. Surface ornamented by about twenty broad, strong, radial ribs, which are much wider than the interspaces. Radial ribs crossed by numerous prominent, narrow, sometimes leafy, transverse ridges. ■ ^.■iij'iiff'i.ij" Obou— Vol.. M MENIUAM- FAVNA OF THE SOOKK l^F.PS. 179 Genua Nassa Martini. Nassa Newcombel Merriam. Plate XXIII, Fio. 3- Na.a, sp. nov.. Bull. I^^P't Geo,. Uni. Ca. Vc^JI. N- 3- P' ^«-^- Shell between 25 and 30 mm. m length 7J^°7 ^f ' ,^,. ^bs which shoulder, ornamented W numerous Icn,^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ give the middle portion of the whorls « t^;*^, •'^f^, ^^.^nger than the devolving rib. which forms »^«/"«'Xm t ' rsSc^ U^^^ others and is usually -jj-^^^ ^''^ .^^ do'mil on'the upper portion, whorl the transverse r.bs (»t)OUt 25 are dom i^„„„, revolving ^S^. "Z:^^:^ "- wKe tra..sveL ribs di.p.ar SS the well defined revolving ribs unmterrupted. Genus BuUia Gray. BuUia buccinoides Merriam. Plate XXIII. Fig. 5- «„11 Deo't Geol.. Univ. Cal. Vol. II, No. 3. p. 106. Ancillaria, sp. nov., Bull. Dep t ^^o' • _ ^j. broad callus. Length 25-30 mm. Pal^ontological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, September, 1898. i8o CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIRNCRS. [P«oc. jd 8bb. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIIL Ti Fig- Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. All figures iiatural size. Cytherca (?) Neivcombei Merriam. Doubtrul hinge of rig'.it valve of Cytherea ( ? ) Newcombei. Cythcrea Vancouverensis Merriam. Nassa Newcombei Merriam. Patella geometrica Merriam. Bullia buccinoides Merriam. teikArM5ci.3^5LU utcLYnrJ. [MriHHiAMl f';ATi:X'XllI '*'lV>x V i \ WV-, ^ \ * KAHYH Vfl.LIAmi r.JI- inv aumir Muxs i FlG.;^, CYTHERE.A. VAIiCnUVh^REKLiIIn AfFf^mM FlG.4 PAT.^Ihiy.. [JEnMLTHi;7«.M7i7r7//I;'' Flli Fi HULUA BUCRlNnilJRB MfRRJAM