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Ufi des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols y signifie "FIN ". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 A partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. rrata o 3elure, id D 32X ^ t 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 m I*'-': 13 UNIVERSITY OP CAUPORNIA Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 101-108 ANDREW C. LAWSON, Editor Note on Two Tertiary Faunas if 'I :*; FROM THE ROCKS OF THE SOUTHERN COAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND BY J. C. Merriam BERKELEY PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY DECEMBER, 1896 PRICE, 10 CENTS ■ n M 5 5 I /« ••« • • ,•. • \» • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• «•••*•••• • . • • ••• • «•• • • ••••,• * • • ••• • «•• • •• • • • • • • • • • •••••• • • • •*••••■« •• ••••• *•■ UNIVUKSITV OP CALIFORNIA Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 101-108. ANDREW C. LAWSON, Editor NOTE ON TWO TERTIARY FAUNAS FROM THE ROCKS OF TIIF SOUTIIHRN COAST 01' VANCOIJVHR ISLAND BY J. C. MKRRIAM. CONTENTS. Introductory Remarks lor Carmanah Point 102 Occurrence of Fossils 102 List of Species 103 Correlation 104 Sooke District 105 Table of Sooke Fauna 105 Age and Relationship of Fauna 106 INTRODUCTORY REMARK.S. The occurrence of fossiliferous horizons of marine Tertiary on the coast of Vancouver Island having received only the briefest mention in geological literature, the following description of seme interesting collections recently made on the southern coast of the island by Dr. C. F. Newcombe, of Victoria, is offered as a contri- bution to our knowledge of the geology and paU-eontology of this region. During the years 1894 and '95 several collections of marine Tertiary shells from Vancouver Island were forwarded to the writer 597'97 102 Univirsitv of Cir/ifotiiin. [Vol.. 2. by Dr. Newcombe for identification and for determination, if pos.si- bie, of the age of the rocks in which they occur. The coilection.s were all from two localities, representing different horizons of the Tertiary. The first of these is on Carmanah Point at the enttance to the Strait of Fiica, and the .second near Miiir and Coal Creeks, in the Sooke District. All the material was collected by Dr. Newcombe, who visited the localities, collecting fossils and studying, where possible, the stratigraphic relations of the fossiliferous beds. Up to the time of Dr. Newcombe's explorations the Tertiary fo.s.sils of Vancouver Island .seem never to have been sy.stematically collected. CAKMANAH POINT. The collection from Carmanah Point represents the older of the two horizons, and is interesting on account of the resemblance it bears to the fauna of Conrad's Astoria Miocene,* to the greater, Miocene portion of which Dr. W. H. Dallf has given the name Astoria Group. Occurrence of Fossils. — A section of the rocks near Carmanah Point lighthouse, forwarded to the writer by Dr. Newcombe, shows altogether about 1 50 feet of sandstone, shale, conglomerate and drift mantle. The occurrence of the fo.ssils is described by Dr. Newcombe in the following note: — "The fossils are found chiefly in the conglomerate layers, mostly in the contained boulders, which vary in size from small pebbles to four or five feet in diameter. The boulders, when fossiliferous, are of a bluiii; grey, fine, and very hard sandstone. The matri.x of the conglomerate contains in places large quantities of broken fragments of shells, many resen.bling species in the boulders, but mostly too much broken up to permit identification. Several large pieces of bored fossil wood project in various parts of the section. Sim- ilar rocks extend east and west for some miles, but are very difficult of access except in very calm weather." Dr. Newcombe's statement that the niatrix between the fossilif- erous boulders contains "broken fragments of shells, . . . re.sem- bling species in the boulder.s," suggests the idea that the boulders are of concretionary origin. This seems all the more probable as * Geology of Wilke's Exploring Expedition, 1838-42. t Correlation Papers, Neocene. Bull. 84, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 225 Mkkkiam. On Two Tir/iniy Fniiiuts. '03 the occurrence of fossils in concretionary boulders is not uncom- mon at Astoria and at various other points on the west coast, where the later Tertiary rocks arc exposed. In answer to a (jues- tion as to the character of the fossiliferous boulders, Dr. Newcombe stated recently that it is possible tiiat they are concretionary, but he remembers having seen alon^ with them, in the fo.ssiliferous beds, large quartz and diorite pebbles and water-worn boulders. Whether water-worn or concretionary, it is pretty certain that the fossiliferous boulders are all of the same origin, since the matrix in which the fossils are imbedded seems to be the same in all cases. We may safely assume that the species cited here as occurring in the Carmanah Point beds all belong to the same fauna, which may have flourished in situ at the time the Carmanah Point sediments were being deposited, or may have lived in an earlier period, at a locality not far distant, from which the fossiliferous boulders were derived for the formation of the Carmanah Point conglomerate. List of Species. — The following .species* from Carmanah Point were identified in Dr. Newcombe's collection. I. Nitcttla divaricatn. Con. 3. Doliopsis sp. 3. Liicina aciitilincata. Con. 4. Mya ahrupta. Con. 5. Tcllina oregonensis, Con. 6. Crepidiila rostra/is. Con, 7. Dcntaliiim siibstriatuiu. Con. ■ 8. Ceritliiopsis oregonensis. Con. 9. Priscofiisus oregonensis. Con. to. Cardita ventrieosa, Gld. 1 1. Tellina albaria. Con. 12. Lnnatia oregonensis, Con. 13. Sinn VI seopnlosnni. Con. [eonf). 14. Cy/ie/tnn oregona, Con. 15. Pectnncnlns pntnlns, Q.vtw. 16. Loripes pari/is, Con. *The synonym of the species listed, together with descriptions and figures of the new species, will form the subject of a future paper. 104 University of California. [Vol. 8. 30. 21. 22. 24. 17. Cythcrca vcspertina. Con. (rt^). tiS. Trochita inornata, Gabb. {(iff.). 19. Mytihis i'dii/is, Linn. (rt^). Tiirritclla nov. sp. Cardiiim nov. sp. Cytlwrea .sp. 5'w/t'« sp. Bored wood, Teredo (?) sp. In addition to this li.st Dr. Newcombe iias xent the followinfj list of species, determined by Dr. VV. H. Dall, in a collection made near Carmanah Point in 1890. I. Axinus bisectus. Con. _'. Chrysodomns sp. (found in Oregon Miocene). 3. Veneroid (possibly dementia). 4. Maeoina nasiita. Con. 5 . Venus perteniiis, Gabb. 6. Pachypoina biangidata, Gabb. {conf). 7. Mytilus edulis, Linn. (aff.). 8. Pleiirotoma indet. 9. Teredo sp. Correlation. — Of these species numbers 1-17 of the writer's list occur in Conrad's Astoria Miocene, Trochita inornata (No. 18) and forms like Mytilus edulis (No. 19) occur in the Miocene of Califor- nia, Nos. 20 and 21 are new, and the other three forms are doubtful. Of Dr. Dall's list the Axinus bisectus and Chrysodonius occur at Astoria. A Clementia-like shell, which was .seen in Dr. Newcombe's collection, looked very much like Cytherea oregonensis, Con., found originally near Astoria. Maconia nasuta, Venus pertenuis and forms like Mytilus edulis, are found in the Miocene of California. Pachypoina biangnlata occurs in rocks of doubtful age (Neocene) in California. The species of Teredo and Pleurotoma not being identified, need not be considered farther. The fauna of the Carmanah Point beds seems, on the whole, to be the .same as that of Conrad's Astoria Miocene, excluding, how- ever, the lower portion of the latter series, which has been supposed to be of Eocene age. yK" Mkrriam.] Oh Two Tertiary Faunas. 105 >■>"•• SOOKE DISTKICT. In 1876 Mr. James Richardson noticed the occurrence of fossil iferous rocks in the Sooke District, and pubhshed the following statement regarding them.* "At the mouth of John's River the lowest beds are grey sandstone, in some places crowded with fossils belonging apparently to three or four species. These are referable to the genera Ostrea, Pecten, and Saxidomtts awA are either of Tertiary or post-Tertiary age." In 1892 Dr. W. K. Dall mentionedf the occurrence of marine bed.s of Miocene age near Sooke. Dr. Newcombe visited the Sooke District in 1893, '94, and '95, collecting in ..il between twenty-five and thirty mollu.scan species. The cliffs, in which the fossils occur, are stated by Mr. Richardson and Dr. Newcombe to show a considerable thickt\ess of soft sandstone, with some conglomerate. The strata do not appear to be greatly disturbed. In places the sandstone is full of fossils, which are often well preserved. Table of Sooke Fauna. — The following table of species gives, as nearly as can at present be determined, the composition of the fauna of the Sooke beds: — *Geol. Surv. of Canada Rept. Prog. 1876-77. tBull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 84, p. 230. io6 Unhcrsitv of California. IVou.i. 2. .V 4- s- 6. 7- 8 9 lo. II. 12. i.V 14. 16. I7- 18. 19- 20. 21. 21. 2.V 24. 25- Haciinanomiii inturasi/tisnui, Desli. Mytilus edulis, Linn Cf n/Zu'dea ra/ifomiai, Hn\i\ . .liinrra mitra, Ksch Crepidula rugosa, Niiit. (f?^.) Pecten tn/Hisit/caius.Curp. (n»//.)... Pecten hasfatus, Sowb (ronf)... Chrysodomus dims, Kteve . yo/f/ia impressa , Cun Pectunailus patu/us, Con Trochita inornata, Gabb Sinum scopulosum. Con. (cotif.) .... Fusus nov. sp. (a) Fiisiis no\. sp. (b) Patel loid nov fi/assa (?) nov. sp Ancillaria nov. sp Cythcreano\. .sp. (al Cytherea nov. sp. (jb) Bittiam nov. sp, (?) Crepidula sp Ostrea sp C'lrdiitm sp Cerithidca v,[i Tapes (?) sp W\ =•0 5g- ^^i^^ ami Rclationsliip of luuiiin — In attempting to determine the age of the Sooke beds, a comparison of tlieir fauna witli that now ex- isting on the Pacific Coast shows that of tlic twenty moUuscan species determined, eleven, or about fifty-five per cent, are probably extinct, and eight or nine are pretty certainly living. Five species could not be certainly determined and should not be considered. According to the law of percentages as generally used in determining the age of Tertiary faunas, the nearly equal number of living and extinct species makes it impossible to place the beds in either the Eocene or Quaternary. The number of species li.sted being small, we can not place much dependence in the percentage of living species for accurate determination of the age; it is hardly probable, however, that the Miocene would contain forty-five per cent, of living species, that number indicating a period nearer the pre.sent time. Regarding the trustworthiness of the percentage method a.s Mi'.UKIAM. (^11 Ta'i' I'tiliiuv fuiiinas. 107 applicd to west coast ^jcolotjy, even when the number of species at liand is lar^e, it may he stated tliat, while it is certainly of ^reat value where once stamlarclized, it is doubtful whether the percent- ages of Recent molluscan s])ecies found in the faunas of the liiflfercnt Tertiary periods in other parts of the world would correspond at all to the pcrcenta^'es of modern forms, which existed on tiie west coast during the same periods. Corresponding to variations, or lack of variation, in topography and climatic conditions, the average percentage of Recent species on the west coast in any given period may have been much larger or much smaller than elsewhere. Comparing the Sooke fauna with that of well-known Tertiary and po.st-Tertiary horizons of the Pacific Coast, wc find that si.\ or seven of the speciti . 'C known from the Miocene and about an equal number from the i'liocene, nine species are found in the Qua- ternary and Recent, ;ind seven or eight are not known to occur elsewhere, either 1. cent ji fossil. The fauna of the Soike beds, as represented in Dr. Nevvcombe's collection, is cpiite differ nt from any of the Oregon or California Miocene or Pliocoiic faunas known to the writer. The presence of such a large peri:entage of new forms, and the decided difference of the whole fauna from that of Carmanah Point, of Astoria and of the lower Pliocene of Northern California, n'-e rather surprising when we take into consideration the relation of these faunas to each other. There are common to the Carmanah Point and Sooke beds about five species ; two good and three doubtful. This is a much sni'iller number than we should expect to find if both horizons belong to the Miocene or even if one were lower Miocene and the other lower Pliocene. This may be explained either by supposing the interval between the deposition of the original sediments con- taining the Carmanah Point fauna and the deposition of the Sooke beds to have been a very long one, allowing time for radical faunal changes, or by supposing considerable topographic and climatic changes to have taken place in a shorter interval, accompanied by immigration of new forms. Supposing the Carmanah Point and Sooke faunas to have lived at different periods along the shore of the same ocean, we can hardly suppose the latter derived from the Carmanah Point fauna by • E 4 B > • ail* ''■•' TJj'j^^iPSW in8 University of California. LVoi.. gradual process of evolution within the limits of the middle Tertiary. Immigration and emigration must have been important factors in the change. Granting even that the greater part of the change was due to migration rather than evolution, the faunal changes, together with the climatic or topographic changes which they must neces- sarily have accompanied, are such as usually mark the boundaries between geological periods. The evidence at our command indicates that the Sooke beds are of middle Neocene age, and that the time of their deposition was considerably later than that of the Carmanah Point beds. University of California, Dec. i, i8g6. . • .• . • .' • • ' • • • • * . ' • 9 iiniliiii ' fF-'^-'^'nSw'^- ^" ' ^- W ^T^i" "■ ■ '* :- The Bulletin ok the Dei'Artment of Gkology ov thk Universitv of Cali- fornia is issued at irregular intervals in the form of separate papers or memoirs, each embodying the results of research by some competent investigator in geological science. It is designed to have these made up into volumes of from 4uo to 500 pages. The price per volume is placed at $3.50, including postage. The papers composing the volumes will be sent to subscribers in separate covers as soon as issued. The separate numbers may be purchased at the following prices from the University Librarian, J. C. Rowell, to whom remittances should be addressed:— VOLUME I. \ No. I. The Geology of Carmelo Bay, by Andrew C. Lawson, with chemical analy- ses and cooperation in the field, by Juan de la C. Posada . Price, 25c No. 2. The Soda-Rhyolite North of Berkeley, by Charles Palache . Price, 10c No. 3 The Eruptive Rocks of Point Bonita, by F. Leslie Ransome . Price, 40c No. 4. The Post-Pliocene Diastrophism of the Coast of .Southern California, by Andrew C. Lawson . .' Price, 40c No. 5. The Lherzolite-Serpentine and Associated Rocks of the Potrero, San 1 t„ „,,_ Francisco, by Charles Palache i- cover No. 6. On a Rock, from the Vicinity of Berkeley, containing a New Soda | p_:-„" ,^_ Amphibole, by Charles Palache J ' ""• ^"^ No. 7. The Geology of Angel Island, by F. Leslie Ransome, with a Note on the Radiolarian Chert from Angel Island and from Buri-buri Ridge, San Mateo County, California, by George Jennings Hinde .' Price, 45c No. S. The Geomorphogeny of the Coast of Northern California, by Andrew C. Lawson . Price, 30c No. 9. On Analcite Diabase from San Luis Obispo County, California, by Marold VV. Fairbanks Price, 25c No. lo. On Lawsonite, a New Rock-forming Mineral from the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, by F. Leslie Ransome . . , Price, loc No. II. Critical Periods in the History of the Earth, by Joseph Le Conte . Price, 20c No. 12. On Malignite, a Family of Basic, Plutonic, Orthoclase Rocks, Rich in Alka- lies and Lime, Intrusive in the Coutchiching Schists of Poohbah Lake, by Andrew C. Lawson Price, 20c No. 13. Sigmogomphius Le Contei, a New Castoroid Rodent, from the Pliocene, near Berkeley, by John C. Merriam Price, loc No. 14. The Great Valley of California: a Criticism of the Theory of Isostasy, by F. Leslie Ransome . , Price, 45c VOLUME II. • ' No. I. The Geology of Point Sal, by Harold W. Fairbanks . Price, 65c No. 2. On Some Pliocene Ostracoda from Near Berkelex , by Frederick Chap- man Price, uic No. 3. Note on Two Tertiary Faunas from the Rocks of the Southern Coast of Vancouver Island, by J. C. Merriam Price, 10c