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province of British Columbia.

VANCOUVER CITY,

-ITS-

ProQ-ress and Industries,

WITH PRACTICAL HINTS

-FeR-

Capitalists and Intending Settlers.

By D. OPPENHEIMER, Mayor.

Dancouvec :

news-advertiser: printing and bookbinding, cambie stkert.

1889.

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THE CITY

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VXNCOITVEI^,

-AND-

THE PI^OVIXCE

-OF-

BRITISH COLUMBIA

The numerous enquiries from all parts of the Dominion and from fiicat
Britain which are constantly being received by persons in Vancouver for infor-
mation respecting this city and the Province generally, have led the City Coun-
cil of Vancouver to issue this pamphlet, giving some details of the progress
which the city has made since its foundation three years ago, and of its present
condition.

The City of Vancouver having come into existence as one of the results of
the important changes — amounting, in fact, to a commercial and material revolu-
tion— brought about by the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, a short
acccount of its progress is practically an illustration of the immense advn.nue
which has been made throughout British Columbia since it has been connected
with the other provinces by that great national highway, and an understanding
of the enormous natural riches which the Pacific province contains, but which,
Ijefore coimnuication was established between it and the rest of the Dominion,

were almost impossible of development, will cause Canaclians to realize v.liat an
important and valuable addition has been made to the resources a\-ailable fcr
building up a great and powerful nation. -

Indeed, it is not claiming too much for British Columbia to say that, without
the possession of the advantages which this province has from its geographical
position and the peculiar character of its resources, the Dominion would not have
that completeness, and possess within its own borders many things essential to
the foundation of a people who desire a really national existence, and to be able
to compete on anything like equal conditions with the numerous M'ealthy and en-
terprising people or. their southern boundary. Without an outlet ou tlie Pacific
Ocean, with no seaport through which commerce with the Orient and Australia
could be carried on, the Dominion could never hope to contend with any prospect
of success in that peaceful struggle for trade, the supremacy in which now far
more tiian military concjuests, decides the comparative importance of the nations,
and makes prosperous the people who achieve it.

The record, which will be found in the following pages, of the material pro-
gress made in Vancouver in little more than two years, will show that its citi-
zens have not been unmindful of the duties which their peculiar, though at the
same time advantageous, position entailed upon them in regard to the people of
the other provinces. As the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which
the people had made such sacrifices to complete, Vancouver would necessarily be
looked upon as to a great extent typical of the new natural life which had been
brought into existence by confederation, and aided and strengthened in its
growth by the completion of the great national highway. The total destruction
of the young city by fire in June, 1880, only caused the people of Vancouver to
determine to rebuild it in such a manner, and on a scale more than even commen-
surate with the important position which it was bound to take in the commercial
and industrial progress of the country. The account of the public improve-
ments which they have carried out, which has placed Vancouver in a position
second to no other city in Canada, and in advance of many of them in all mat-
ters relating to public health and convenience, shows that her people have never
hesitated to assume the burdens necessary for the accomplishment of these
objects. Nor have private individuals lagged behind the civic officials in their
efforts to build up a city conspicuous alike for the beauty and solidity of its
edifices, and the surprise of the visitor at the public works and buildings, the
line business blocks and handsome residences is an eloquent testimony to the suc-
cess which has crowned their efforts.

Although the youngest of them, Vancouver has already outstripped the older
cities of the province m the race for population and trade, and from its location
ut the terminus of the railroad and on the only harbor accessible at all seasons
of the year for the largest of vessels, it must not only maintain the supremacy
which it has gained, but greatly increase the lead which it already has over any
of its rivals. From a population of 1,500 in July, 1886, Vancouver has now
about 14,000 people, and these numbers are being steadily added to by immigration.
When the regular new mail steamship line to China under the Imperial Govern-

\

ment contract is established, and a similar service maugurated with the Austral-
ian colonies, the traffic which will centre in Vancouver from these two enter-
prises will of itself be sufficient to maintain a city of 20,000 people. To this
must be added the lumber business, already extensive, and the smelting of the
ores of the province (a class of industry which in Colorado has built up the City
of Denver with a population of 100,000), the fisheries, now scarcely touched, but
destuied to supply not only British Columbia but the whole of the North West
with an important article of food, the trade with the coast cities which already
eeps seven large steamers running regularly and is rapidly increasing, and the
numerous trades and industries incidental not only to the matters enumerated
above, but to a city which is becoming the wholesale centre and supply point for
the whole of the interior of the province, and for settlements on the coast ex-
tending for hundreds of miles.

The fame of Vancouver has drawn to it people of capital and enterprise from
every part of the British Empire. They have come here, have investigated the cir-
cumstances for themselves and have joined their lot with that of its people. For the
information of others who may be contemplating a similar step, this pamphlet is
published. Giving as it does copies of documents prepared for the information of
the citizens of Vancouver themselves, the statements contained therein are all
based upon astual facts. By a perusal of them it will be seen that while such
extensive improvements have been carried out, so rapid has been the growth of
the city, that the rate of taxation is less than in any other place in the Dominion,
and in this, as in so many other ways, the capitalist finds advantages for in
vestment not possible elsewhere, while the man of business has opportunities of
actual success not presented to him Ijy any other city in Canada. Founded as
the result of a vast national undertaking, Vancouver is becoming the great entre-
pot of the Dominion and the Empire City on one of Great Britain's imperial
trade routes.

ANNUAL MEETING

-OP THE-

Vancouver Board of Trade.

HELD MARCH Oth 1889.

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

It is exceedingly pleasant to me that I have occasion to congratulate you upon
•our material advance in wealth and prosperity during the period of the last
twelve months and I do not hesitate to predict that if we continue to use our ex-
-ertions as we have hitherto done, the realisation of our moat cherished dreams is
not far distant and our phoenix-like young Terminal City will attain that promi-
nent rank amongst her sisters on the Pacific Coast, to which she is entitled by
her geographical position and other natural advantages.

The trade area with which we do business, is becoming more fully settled by
reason of the larger immigration which has been steadily pouring in. In conse-
<ju~nce sales have augmented and although competition from the outside has been
very keen, the wholesale houses of Vancouver have been fully able to hold their
own against competitors both of the Pacific Coast and the Eastern Provinces.

Our Chinese and Japanese Trade is steadily on the increase as will be seen
by the Secretary's statistics, and the chances for a direct steamer connection with
the Austral-an Colonies via the Hawaiian lUngdom and New Zealand are jjrowing
from day to day, in fact the steam communication without calling at Honolulu
has been settled.

It is to be regretted very deeply that a kind of apathy seems to have over-
some the promoters of a submarine Cable from Australia to Canada, and it is C>

8

be hoped that the previous efforts will gain reanimation. A cable with the Sand-
wich Islands is a feature, the carrying out of which appears to be an achievement •
of a near period.

RAILROADS.

The railroad situation as compared with that of twelve months ago may bo
decidedly declared as "developing." The C. P. R. have been true to their word
in making Vancouver their terminus, of which the centralization of their work
and machine shops, car factories &c. in the portion of our City called Yaletowu
gives the best proof. Further, this City will shortly become the connecting link
between (1) The Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway. (2) The New West-
minster and Southern Railway. (.3) The Gulf Railway across Seymour Narrows
to Vancouver Island. (4) The Delta Railway, the preliminaries of which lines
are being rapidly pushed, so that de facto Vancouver cannot help becoming and,
remaining the actual terminus of f.vd Railway Systems on the North Pacific
Slope for transmission of freight and ]3assci!gers to and from the Orient and Aus-
tralia. It is therefore needless to say, that with these increased transportation
and terminal facilities our merchants will reach out for the trade of all districts
ramified by these lines. "

VANCOUVER'S MANUFACTURES.

It is gratifying to be able to state that our industries are commencing to bo
varied and extensive. Nearly all kinds of manufacturing are carried on. AV'o
have : Smelting and Chlorinating Work?, Machine Shops, Car Factory, Foiuulry
and Iron Work.'}, Boiler Shops, Carriage Factories, Lime Kilns, Brick Yards,
Furniture Factories, Cigar P'i'<*-,rie8, Breweries, Stove and Tin Ware Factories,.
Saw Mills, Shingle Mills, Canuy Factory, Ship Yard and many others. The fol-
lowing are under contemplation : Blast Furnace and Rolling Mills, Sugar Refin-
eries, Flouring Mills, Grist Mill, Manufactories of Oil Clothing, Boots and Shoes,
Socks and Stockings, Tannerie8,a Paper Mill &c. Yet with all these indunlries
at hand, it should not be neglected further to give every possible encourngment
to industrial and intending settlers in the shape of bonuses and other facilities
by which the City of Vancouver will be as much a gainer as the recipient of such
favors.

During the last year there have been continuous enquiries fiom Great Bii-
tain, the United States and other Countries involvetl in the Iron Industry, about.
the desirability of erecting within the limits of our City prominent important in-
dustrial establishments as for instance, Blast Furnaces and Rolling Mills. I am
happy to be able to state that there is every reasonable prospect for a speedy
realisation of even the most sanguine expectations in this matter. The immense-
advantages which our City will derive froin such entorjirises are ao evident that I
need not further enlarge upon the subject.

OUR RESOURCES

are not only varied but also abundant. There is scnpo for the introdr.ctiont

•and the employment of large Capital in developing not only agricultural and
pastural lands, but in searching for, and utilizing the vast and rich mineral de-
posits that exist all over the Province.

It is the obvious duty of the Govemmeut to induce the inflow of that capital,
and to make investors lo^k with eager eyes on these new fields of industry. So
far little has been done in that direction, except by private enterprise, emanating
from this Board of Trade, with some pecuniary assistance on the part of the
Aldermanic Board of Vancouver. Let us see what has been done with regard to
the following important factors of our resources :

(a) Mining ;

(h) Lumber Industry ;

<c) Fisheries ;

<(d) Sugar Beet Culture ;

(e) Fruit Culture.

MINING DEVELOPMENT.

I look upon the development of Mining in this Province as one of our most
necessary requirements, and to aid in this subject, to the best of my abilities>
have prepared a pamphlet on the "Mineral Resources of British Columbia," which
Rvill go forth in thousands of copies to all parts of the globe.

I trust that the new Council of the Vancouver Board of Trade will constantly
keep before them, and the public, the urgent necessity for fosteruig our natural
resources in this respect ; as to that industry we must look to it as one of the
means which is to make this Province unparalleled for richness.

We are now, I may say, in the experimental stage of its development, but
once the matter has got into full swing, there will come a time of sucli prosperity
to this City as the present generation little dream of.

Energetic work is now being undertaken by various private individuals and
Syndicates in this direction, and I have no doubt that the introduction of many
new processes in smelting and chlorinating by the British Columbia Smelting Co.
will result in the desired solution of the difficulty that has hitherto been en-
c luntered in dealing with some of our refractory ores.

The successful passmg of the "Bill to incorporate Foreign Minuig Companies"
has been a step in the right direction, which will soon show its benefit to the
Province.

THE LUMBER INDUSTRY.

This industry has showni a remarkable growth daring the year; every mill at,
and in the vicinity of our City, is running to its full capacity, many of them being
in operation dvy and night. Other largq mjlls, wb<we operations will bt) ??ctQn*
sive are in process of completion.

10

Our lumber is continually finding new markets, and its merits are becoming*
more and more appreciated. The local demand, of course, is large and increasing
as the Country fills iTp, but enormous quantities are shipped to China, Australia,
the Sandwich Islands, South America, the East Indies, and in fact to all coun-
tries where woods indeginous to our climate are not to be found.

THE FISHERIES.

In addition to the existing Salmon Canning and Packing Companies and
Establishments on the Eraser River, and to the North of Burrard Inlet, the deep
sea Fishery has commenced to attract the attention of expert fishermen of vari-
ous nations. The iust year has called into existence quite a fleet of local fishing
boats, which pursue their remunerative trade in the waters of the Gulf of Georgia,
and North West Coast, but make Vancouver their port, headquarters and market-
ing place, where at the present time, and for all the ye&r round, every imaginable
species of the finny tribe can be observed, from the Smelt to the famous black
Cotl ; from the Butter Flounders to the Halibut — ready for local consumption,
enticing those who eat to live, an'l enrapturing the epicuro who Uves to dine,

A great business has also commenced through the exportation of fresh fish,
packed in ioe, and sent via the C. P. R to eastern Canada, and the eastern Unit-
ed States, which allows of great expansion and expectations for the future.

Not much advance has so far been made in tlie Oyster culture. This pecu-
liar branch of industry still remains somewhat undefined. Yet it is to lie hoped
that the right class of people will soon arrive amongst us, so that we need not
send East for the refreshing mollusc.

Experts with imported Lobsters have also proved fr.tilo so far.
SUGAR BEET CQLTURE.

The ever increasing demand for r,U!:i\r, and the great profits which are to bo
derived from the cultivation of the iSugiir Beet Root, in comparison witii sugar
cane, have led to experimenis with imported seed in our heighboring agricultu-
ral districts and Municipalities. The results have been surprising, as may be
seen in the statistical notes on Analyses made by Dr. A. P. Atken, Chemist to
the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, Dr. Paul Herbing, Anulyti-
cal Chemist, Vancouver, B. C, and Edward P. Dyer, Esq., Expert of Alvarado,
C&\. According to tliese reliable sources our experimental beets have, in many
instances even without proper attendance or treated by incxpeiicnced hands,
yielded a percentage of saccharine matter which is totally unknown in the old
world. The explanation is to be found in the virginity of our soil and our fii-or-
able geographical position, as our mild climate permits to let the boot rem, ; in
the soil after completed growth for two months longer than in Europe, tlio very
period for the accumulation of additional saccharine mivttcr. To exemplify of

11

"W'hat importance is the fostering of this industry as a mainstay of agriculture, I
will submit in brief a calculation, based on a compai'ison beUveen 40 acres of
•Sugar Beet and 40 acres of Wheat.

The cost of beet seed will be about 12 cents per lb.

It takes from 15 to 25 lbs. to sow an acre.

This makes the cost from $1.80 to §3.00 per. acre for seed.

The average yield per acre of sugar beet is from 2d to 30 tons, yielding in.
sugar say 10 per cent.

In 25 tons there will be (say) 2h tons or 5,500 lbs. refined sugar per. acre.

Price for sugar beets is 3 1- 00 per. ton ; prices ranging according to percen-
tage of saccharine matter.

This will give from $100 tf §120 for the gross 3'ield of land planted in beets.

Whereas Wheat at 50 pushol'j to the acre would only yield i.t $1.00, $45,
which would be an increase of $55 to §75 per acre over the profits obtained on
wheat.

Assuming the cost of both to be the same, with a vei-y small farm a man
would easily secure a good income, as 40 acres would give a net profit of §2.200.

I should judge the estimated area of lands from Harrison River to the Pacific
Coast capal)lo of Beet Culttii'o to contain about 400,000 acres at 5100 per acre
•or equal to SIO,(XX),(X)'J as returns to the tanners.

Besides Uiia return tlie industry will give steady employment to about 40, OW^
men, and it will further support many iutlustries and the population incidental
thereto .

FRUIT GROWING.

The result of our fruit exliiljit at the Colonial Exhibition in London and the
Industrial Fairs of Toronto and London, Ont., resulted in the visit of one of Can-
Ada's most prominent men in this industry, Mr . Alex. McD Allan, President of
the Ontario Fruit Growers Association and a resident of Goderich, whom the
members had a chance of meeting on November 22d, 1888 in these rooms. Mr
Allan at this meeting, the minutes of which will be submitted in the Secretary's
report, so clearly convinced us of the imperative urgancy of promoting fruit cul-
ture, in all its branches, that I thought it advisable to take the fomiatior of a
"British Columbia Fruit Growers' Association in hand, for which purpose close
upon 200 individual invitations were sent out. The Meeting, which was held in
these rooms on Friday February 1st, to organise the Association, was a decided
success and resulted beyond all sanguine expectations in a consolidation of our
Fruit Growers' and Horticulturists' interests, in a well inaugurated and well
officered Society, exceedingly representative of all parts of the Province.

At my request some very valuable information has been furnished me from
^lifferent parts of the Province l)y interested and experienced parties, setting fortli

12

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urgent needs ami requirements, on the strength of which I have prepared and sub*
mitted to the Hon. the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, a scheme for
the easier and more beneficial development of Fruit Culture, ebpecially in those
districts where the fruit raiser, in most instances a pre-emptor, at this early stage
of his strenuous eflforts, is severely handicapped by the stringent land sale con'
ditions and the delay occasioned through the unavoidable clearing of the neces-
sarily required ground.

The honorable gentleman in charge of our Lands has at once, in his ever
ready manner, taken up the suggestions laid before him, and, if unforseen obstacles
do not present themselves, the present Session of the House will witness the in-
troduction of such Amendments to the Agricultural Act, as will enable fruit
growing pre-emptors to absent themselves from their lands during the developing^
period of their fruit trees &c. , under conditions advantageous to both the settlers'
and the Govtrnment.

I trust that the new Council of the Vancouver Board of Trade Will cotitinue'-
to render assistance to the new institution, which, to a certain extent, mdy h^
said to have sprung from it, and whose aims, although apparently running in other
grooves, yet have the same object in view ; viz. — the future prosperity of our
Province.

THE WORK DONE REVIEWED.

I will now in bri' " recapitulate what has been done by this Board during the
elapsed twelve months and what still remains to be completed and looked after.

A grateful feeling ought to permeate us for the successful acquisition of some-
very important matters at issue, and if a good deal has still been left uncompleted,
we have only to continue putting our shoulders to the wheol and success will not
be far distant.

The Mechanics Lien Act was passed by the Legislative Assembly.

School accommodation has been improved.

The North Arm Bridge is under Contract.

A Savings Bank has been established.

A Mail Service to the North Arm has been started.

Post Office Letter Boxes have been fixed up in prominent parts of the City.

I have no doubt, but what some of the following items will be satisfactorily
dealt with by the Dominion and Provincial liCgislatures, now in Session, as great
strain has been brought to bear on these I^'gislative Bodies, to effect a speedy
settling of the all important questions of :

Appointment of a Resident Judge.

Appointment of an Immigration Agent.

Erection of Immigration Sheds.

Erection of a Post Office and public buildings.

Cession of the False Creek Foreshore.

An intorinsular Mail Subsidy.

Marine Hospital and Quarantine Station.^

Land Registry Office.

Fortification of Burrard Inlet.

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During the year this Board has had several interviews as a body with per-
sons of importance and influence. Amongst the Official Visitors of tae Vancou-
ver Board of Trade we may especially mention . — The Deputy Minister of Marine,
\Vm Smith. The Minister of Customs, Hon, McK. Bowell. Sir Fred, Middleton,
Alex McD. Allan, President Ont. F. G. Association. W. C. Van Home, Presi-
dent C. P. R. , and others.

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Each of these Officials have minutely dealt with the particular objects having
welcome reference to their special Departments, and it is to be hoped that the
representations made i^j tbeii^ as to our City's wants will have the desired results.

As you are aware. The Street Railway is an accomplished fact, as far as the
preliminary work is concerned and the next six or eight months will see this im-
portant means of communication in full working order, covering those parts of the
City within its limits, which are the most frequented ones.

A good deal has been said, written and spoken about the Fortification and
Defences of our harbor, and I feel confident that the efforts used in the interest of
this question will soon boar fruit.

The subsidy which has been asked by both the Provincial and Dominion
Governments for t)ie construction of Railways, branching from the C. P. R. to
the important mining districts of Nicola and Cariboo, have received due attention
at the ha idi of all interested in these projects, and I am glad to be able to say
that I am in possession of such reliable information as leads me to the belief, that
we may look forward to the giving out of contracts for the construction of these
lines at an early period of the year after the Sessions have been closed.

The bridge over False Cr^ek, and the Road to the Xorlh Arm have been
c )mplete<l, aid \vc may look now to a general increase in the importation of Agri-
cultural produce into the City. In fact the whole farming Districts are now in a
position to mike our City their regular market, and as soon as our new market
house and weighing scales will be completed, there is no doubt but every farmer,
near ani tar, will bo anxious to send his products to this convenient means of
exchange.

In close connection with the development of our agricultural lands is the re-
demption of the Pitt River Meadows, by which extensive scheme fully 20,000
acres of very fertile land in near distance from the City will be gained.

After the territory has been obtained from the Dominion Government, it
merely i cquires the working of this gigantic undertaking, which, being in compe-
tent hands and under able management, is fast nearing its entire completion.

I consider it the duty of this Board to continue the efforts made last year with
regard to a display of our resources, products and industries at Eastern Canadian
Fairs, and acting in this spirit I have thought it adviealile to invite the Mayors

14

and Reeves of the dififerent Provincial Municipalities, and other prominent resi-
dents of British Columbia, to meet me at an early date, so that preliminary steps,
and effective measures, may be discussed and our competition with the eastern
Sister Provinces may be shaped mto a system which will enable us to display ad-
vantageously our capabilities, not only before the American Contment, but also
to the population of European Countries, as there is an ever and steady increase
of enquiries about our beautiful home of the Weet.

By proper representations I think that this Board may be very instrumental
in obtaining a sufficient grant or annual subsidy from the Local Legislature, which,
while assisting the object in view, will concentrate the management of the
Eastern Exhibitions in our City.

I think I have now fully touched upon the different items of interest to our
City and Community. I believe tliat you would prefer to read the carefully pre-
pared statistics of the Secretary of this Board, when our Annual Report will in its
full extent be laid before you ui print, instead of my giving you this matter at tlie
present time, but I feel induced to invite not merely your attention, but also,
and to a very great extent your competition in the attempt to conquer a feeling
which from time to time appears to creep up amongst our brother-Colonistg. Let
us one and all try to convince the Citizens of our neighboring Cities that there
does not exist, nor was ever dreamt of a struggle for Supremacy on the part of
the Citizens or Authorities of Vancouver.

Our port was evidently designed by Nature to be the out-let of Canada's com-
merce to the Orient and Australia. Why should we not make the best of this
opportunity to further the future welfare of our Provmce, which in the eyes of
the whole world has within the short period of one generation brought itself into
prominence before Countries of Centuries' standing ? I am fully convinced that
it is not petty jealousy which leads to occasional controversies, but simply a sad
misundei'standing of our aims and intentions, which are construed into party
feehngs. Against this we have to guard and by showing our hand and intentions
openly and trustfully we shall soon be able to convince our fellow citizens else
where of our earnest endeavours in the interests of our "glorious Province, British
Columbia," the "Queen Colony of the Pacific."

Permit me to thank you for the patience you have had in listening to my

report which after all has become longer than I intended to make it ; and allow

mc to again solicit your energetic exertions on behalf of the Vancouver Board of

Ti'ade, during tho year 1889.

D. Oppekhkimer,

Prevdenl,

15

STATISTICS, ETC.

( Extracts from Secretary's A, H. B. Macgowan to Vancouver Board of Trade),

APPROXIMATE.

Population Feb. 1., '86 GOO

Jan. " '87 2.000

Jan. " '38 6.000

•' July" '88 7.000

Jan. " '89 11.000

CITY ASSESSMEN'T.

1S80 §6,604,008

1SS8 3,471,245

Xuml)or of Buildings Jan. '88 1.000

" '89 2.700

(ira li-d streets Jan. , '86 1 mile.

" " '89 38 miles.

Side wivlks Jan., '87 H '"i^^.

" " " '88 18i^ "

'« " " '89 46g "

Total No. of Brick Buildings 12G

Buildings under construction 30 or upwards, chiefly Brick.

OUR SCHOOLS.

have been much improved during 1888. Vancouver has now four Public,
and several ])rivato schools presided over by a most competent staff of Teachers,
and the erection of a magnificent brick building for High School purposes has
already been commenced. The present accommodation is altogether inade-
tjuate, and the teachers are much overtaxed.

A WATER WOitKS SYSTEM

second to none on the Continent is in full operation.

The elevation of the re^^crvoir on Capilano River opposite the City, is over
400 feet above high water mark, the average height of the City being about 100
feet, extreme height South of False Creek 200 feet.

J

1'

16

A Sewerage System of wooden boxes is giving satisfaction. Some 15.000 feet
have been laid, which will be greatly extended.

PARKS.

Stanley Park has 950 acres almost surrounded by water encircled by a beau-
tiful 10 mile Driving Road and intersected by many beautiful drives and walks.

East End Park contains 160 acres granted by the Local Government.

The City has also been presented by Mr. Clark of Toronto with 40 acres of
land on south side of False Creek for park purposes.

A STREET RAILROAD.

will shortly be in operation on leading streets of our City, some of the con-
tracts in this connection havmg been alreidy let and work is now rapidly
progressing.

CLIMATE.
To summarize :

Summer is warm, even temperature, cool nights.

Autumn bright and pleasant.

Winter, damp, snow falling occasionally, remaining but a short time, iiiter-
spersed with clear, beautiful weather.

Spring early and mild.

My record of weather from 1st. July, '88 shows as follows :

Fine. Showery. Wet.

July 27 1 3

August 28 3

September 25 2 3

October 14 6 11

November 14 12 4

December 18 9 4

January 19 6 6

February 18 7 3

Very slight night frosts, November 13 14 15 16 and 17, during twelve days
in December and on 1st. 10 12 13 14 15 16 and 27th January. A little snow, say
if an mch falling on morning of 16th January.

With a little care to provide against night frosts the hardier blooming plants
might remain out of doors the year round.

'

')

17

Mr. W. Pickering, of Vancouver City, has kept a record of tlie weather for
the year from February 13 1888, to 12th of February, 1889, and it is as followo:

Partially very

Wet. Wet. Dull. Fine. Fine.

February 3 5 13 4

March 9 4 1 3 13

April 6 5 7 9 3

May 3 J 3 4 21

Jixne 3 8 7 1 H

July 3 14 5 18

August 0 3 2 3 21

September 4 2 1 8 13

October 8 9 4 11 0

November 3 13 6 4 4

December 3 10 3 8 7

January 6 6 9 2 8

February 13 14 3

02 69 48 67 128

There was anov." on two days. February Ist and March Ist, 188S.
On the 7th of May there was a heavy gale at night; and thunder on June
14th and July 13th.

The first snow on the mountains fell 25th of October, Thoae n.ountains
while beiug in sight of the city are a considerable distance from it.

AT NEW WESTMINSTER FOR 1888.

the rainfall for the year by months was : Jan. 7.11 in. ; Feb., 5.56 ; March, 6.75;
April, 3.78; May, 1.40; June, 6.46; July, 1.47; Aug., 0.45; Sept., 1.78; Oct.,
8.49; Nov., 7.80; Dec, 10.74—61.29; average monthly rainfall, 5.10.
75. Tho number of days which rain fell during the year was, in order, for the
months. 15, 16, 14, 3, 9, 14, 6, 3, 7, 17, 22, 19,-160 in all out of the 365.
The barometric and thermometric observations for the year would require more
space than would be interesting to you, but briefly stated the mean tempera-
ture for the year was about 50° above; the maximum 90", and the minium 2\ The
establishment of a first-class meteorological station in British Columbia, by which
the favorable weather of the Province could be officially and fully taken note of,
is one of the needs to which the attention of the Government should be particu"
larly drawn.

18

PRECIPITATION BY MONTHS, SEASONS AND YEARS,

LAT. 49° 12' 47" N.,

YEARS.

SEPT.

oct'r.

NOV.

DEC.

jan'y.

feb't.

MAB.

APRIL.

MAY.

1873 ....

,

9.77

3.61

1.87

1873-4 . .

0.37

2.51

11.61

7.63

13.95

9.62

6.09

3.46

3.70

1874-5 . .

3.70

0.72

7.65

7.04

4.52

4.05

11.22

2.46

7.13

1875-6 . .

0.08

8.80

10.61

17.06

4.14

9.11

8.02

4.95

2.89

1876-7 . .

2.64

5.27

6.07

4.29

7.35

4.95

7.47

1.55

1.62

1877-8 . .

6.15

4.65

9.96

5.81

4.82

6.72

6.79

1.33

2.17

1878-9 . .

5.05

7.08

7.41

5.64

8.81

11.22

11.02

3.37

5.52

1879-80 .

2.04

8.44

4.23

7.39

5.46

1.43

1.45

2.95

14.39

1880-1 . .

2.02

4.95

2.49

15.99

^.89

14.19

6.33

1881-2 . .

2.09

6.16

6.36

11.23

5.46

7.75

7.12

6.05

2,02

1882-3 . .

1.97

8.24

5.33

11.74

9.17

1883-4 . .

2.34

5.53

16.71

6.62

8.02

3.70

1.63

2.11

3.05

1884-5 . .

5.93

8.77

3.56

3.61

10.43

9.07

2.48

0.87

3.91

1885-6 . .

7.53

3.14

11.56

6.83

7.i»8

4.77

4.01

3.28

2.35

1886-7 . .

2.94

5.28

7.00

15.89

10.34

9.76

9.46

5.38

3.74

Mean . . .

3.20

5.61

7.90

8.98

7.57

6.88

6.GS

3.18

2.41

jan'y.

feb'y.

MARCH.

APRIL.

MAY.

Mean Temperature

34.2

36.4

40.0.

48.2

54.3

Highest Temperature, 92°— July 15, 1877; August 11, 1887. Lowest Tem-
mometer fell below zero was January 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 1875 — perfectly calm,
on the first high land from the sea, the rainfall is greater than at other places in

1

19

AT NEW WESTMINSTER, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
LONG. 123° 53' 19" W.

.TUNE.

JULY.

AUG.

1.00

AUTUMN

Sept. -Nov.

WINTER

Dec. -Feb.

SPRING

Mar. -May.

SUMMER

Juue-Aug.

ANNUAL.

3.91

0.81

15.25

5.72

2.31

0.93

2.24

14.49

31.20

13.25

5.48

64.42

4.81

0.02

2.20

12.07

15.61

20.81

7.04

55.53

2.35

1.58

2.27

19.49

30.31

15.87

6.20

71.87

2.G5

1.03

2.78

13.98

16.59

10.64

6.46

47.67

0.65

1.24

0.53

20.76

17.37

11.39

2.42

51.94

1.24

5.14

2.62

19.54

25.67

19.91

9. CO

74.12

2.27

2.53

1.11

14.71

14.28

8.79

5.91

43.69

5.2G

2.20

2.48

9.46

30.07

9.94

2.23

4.08

1.93

8.34
15.54

24.44

15.19

8.34

56.31

3.28

0.77

7.01

22.61

18.34

6.79

11.06

58.80

0.47

0.48

0.02

18.26

23.11

7.26

0.97

49.60

1.54

2.40

1.60

22.23

18.18

10.24

5.54

57.19

0-84

0.23

0.74

15.22

36.99

18.58

1.81

71.60

2.42

1.G7

2.03

16.19

23.16

13.38

5.28

68.49

JUNE.

68. 3

JULY.

63.1

AUG.

60.9

SEPT.

56.2

OCT.

48.1

NOV.

40.5

DEC.

34.5

MEAN.

47.9

perature, 7° below zero — January 14, 1875. The only time for 14 years the Ther-
Mean number of days on which rain or snow fell — 152. New Westminster being
the District. Ladner's, near mouth of Fraser, is about 4 inches to N. W. 's 7.

,

20

THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY.

The great chain which binds British Columbia to the Eastern part of our
Dominion, which first gave existence to Vancouver and which is doing much for
its prosperity as well as for the general good of this Province has disbursed during:
the past year in Telegraph line Labor, Building, Repairing and extending Build-
mgs and Wliarves, Land clearing, improvements &c. and in connection with
Steamship Lines &c., some $648,234,65.

It is estimated that expenditures of 18S9 will exceed this sum bv some
$144,500,00. '

By this line there arrived 38,895 tons of merchandise, goods, machinery &c.
Shipped to the East 21,441 tons.

The carrying trade is rapidly increasing as is also the passenger tral.ic over
this most popular route, the regularity of their trains being shown by foUowinu
table: ° j a

r

21

STATEMENT OF ACTUAL TIME OF ARRIVAL OF CANA-
DIAN PACIFIC TRANSCONTINENTAL TRAINS, AT
VANCOUVER, DURING THE WINTERS

OF 1888 AND 1889.

November, |

December, |

January,

February,

1888.

1888.

1889.

1889.

M

ACTUAL TIStE

u

ACTUAL TIME

H

ACTUAL TIME

H

ACTUAL TIME

%

OF

OF

<

OF

5

OF

a

A'lBIVAL.

0

ARRIVAL.

a

ARRIVAL.

a

ARRIVAL.

1

14.15

1

None.

1

14.15

1

14.16

2

14.15

2

14.15

2

14.15

2

None.

3

None.

3

15.15

3

14.15

3

14.15

4

14.15

4

16.16

4

14.16

4

14.15

5

14.15

5

14.15

5

None.

6

14.15

a

14.15

6

15.15

6

14.15

6

14.15

7

14.16

7

14.15

7

16.30

7

14.16

8

14.15

8

None.

8

14.30

8

14.15

9

15.40

9

14.25

9

14.15

9

None.

10

None.

10

16.15

10

14.15

10

14.15

11

16.00

11

14.15

11

14.15

11

14.15,

12

15.30

12

16.45

12

None.

13

14.15

13

15.15

13

14.16

14

15.40

14

14.15

14

14.15

15

T4.15

15

None.

15

14.16

10

17.00

16

14.30

16

14.15

17

Non^.

17

14.15

17

14.15

18

16.15

18

16.30

18

14.15

■•n
90

14.15

H.in

19
20

14.15

I4.ia

Id
20

None.
14.30

t

21

14.15

21

14.15

21

14.16

w

14.15

22

None.

22

14.16

93

14.30

23

14.15

23

14.15

94

None.

24

14.16

24

15.10

95

14.15

25

14.15

25

14. l*?

96

14.15

26

14.15

26

1 None.

97

14.15

27

14.15

27

14.15

9«

14.15

28

14.15

28

15.00

99

14.15

29

None.

29

14.15

80

16.30

30

14.15

30

3.30

31

14.15

31

14.15

w

NOTE.— The schedule time for the above trains to arrive was 14.15 o'clock.

Total number of trains from Nov. 1st, 1888, to Feb. 11th, 1889, was 88.

Number of trains arriving on time, 67.

Number of trains arriving latr, 21.

Number of trains under one hour late, 7.

Number of trams over one hour kto and under three hours late, 13.

Number of trains over three hours late, 1.

i

22

CHINA STEAMERS.

In direct communication between China and Japan and Vancouver, there
were 18 a."'ivals and departures of steamers bringing and taking away freight and
passengers for various European, American and Canadian points; disbursements
at this Port being some §180,000.

AGRICULTURE.

British Columbia h-vs generally been looked upon as anything but a farming
country, which is quite a j.ntake. Agricultural pursuits are flourishing much
more at present than heretofore. The Dominion Land Otfice at New Westminster
reports 300 homestead eiitries during 1888.

The Provincial Government preemption records of 160 acres cn.ch, luimber
over 500, covering 80,000 acres. The climate, soil and other conditions of our
Province are particularly adapted for farming.

Of the .341,000 square mile- it can safely ba said that tens of thousands of
these contain some of the finest fertile tracts that the sun shiners upon. Wliilo
parts may ])e ditlicult to clear and prepare, the advantages of cliniato and prices
of the production much more than offset tliis.

Cultivatable parts have in the past been much divided, but by the auvont of
Railroads, Steamers, Bridges, and other .nineteenth century developments these
are beuig better connected almost every day.

One section is said to contain ^ of a million acres of Prairie a most fertile
tract.

To treat of the many similar though smaller parts would detahi you toe long.

Statistics show crop yield to the acre as follows : —

AVhcat 40 to 60 Bushelt

Oats 60 " 120

Barley ; 50 " 80

Potatoes SO Tons

Turnips 45 "

Hay 34 •'

I have seen greater estimates than those published, but I prefer being guided
by moderation.

The wheat is of a superior quality and makes a first class grade of flour.

Vegetables and roots attain an enormous size ; Potatoes reaching 31bs each
or 20 to the bushel, and being solid to the heart a' I very dry and mealy. I liavo
heard that Turnips reaching some 40 Ijs weight have been exhibited.

Onions can be most successfully grown as will bo seen by the fact that from 1
and a fifth acre of land on Lulu Island near the mouth of the Fraser, 27 Tons of

"

.

\

23

first class onions were harvested, which averaged a price of §25.03 per Ton or

upwards of nearly $600.00 per acre.

Sugar Beet culture has been tried and analysis has proved that the roots pro-
duced contain a good average of saccharine matter, and it is to be hoped that an
early date will witness the establishment of a Sugar Refinery in Vancouver. Our
great distance from the refineries and the high freight on Canadian sugars and
duties on the American article particularly point to this as a most desirable point
for such an establishment.

Hop growing is looked upon as one of the certainties of the near future, as it
has been proved that there is not the slightest doubt as to the adaptability of
this Province to this very profitable line which might reach very great pro-
portions.

Linseed it seems to me might be most successfully grown and crushed here.

Our mild climate and the fine grazing lands scattered through the Province,
I 'nch of it low Ij'itig as in Holland, given promise of a great future for British
t olumbia in Stock Raising, and as our cities grow ^nd our Province is developed,
the connumption of Beef, Milk, Butter and Cheese will increase in greater pro-
portions (probably than any otlier line.) Added to this might be the export trade
in butter and cheese, which is now but in its infancy, or even scarcely opened up.

The Province seems to be peculiarly adapted to Fruit Growing', notably the
Prune and Drupe, and it has been fully demonstrated that all the smaller fruits
can be most successfully grown.

That most wholesome of all the small fruits the Cranlierry is to be found in
great quantities almost every where, and if a little care was taken in its cultiva-
tion it could not but prove a most profitable addition to our list of small fruits.

I am pleased to note that largely through the instrumentality of the proprie-
tor of a hading Journal here, wlio 5s also a member of the Council of this Board,
F. C. Cotton Esq., a most interesting interview was held with McD Allan Esq.,
the President of the Ontario Fruit Growers Association which resulted in the
formation of the B. C. Fruit (irowers Association which took place in this room,
receiving the enthusiastic support of many leatling residents from different places,
and promises to be a great benefit to the Provuice.

Ik

..

•25

THE TREASURER'S REPORT 1889.

I

Mr. G. F. Baldwin, City Treasurer, submitted abstracts of the city's fin-
ances, which are published below, and also a. detailed statement, showing a rev-
enue^balance of $5,828.95 on the 31st of December, and a debenture balance of
$36,820.66. From these balances, however, must be deducted the outstanding
accounts. In concluding his report, Mr. Baldwin says : " Tlie work has in-
creased so much in my departments that I find it impossible to attend to it my-
self, and beg, therefore, to respectfully submit for your consideration the advisa-
bility of adopting some scheme whereby the labor and responsibility of the
officer in charge may be lessened."

ABSTRACT OF REVENUE ACCOUNT 1888.

KECKIPTS:

Balance on hand January 1, 1S88 $ 7,766.52

Profit on purchase of street debentures 1887 2,839.38

Cemetery fees 484.50

Taxes 34,129.51

Licenses (all classes) 15,387.83

Police court receipts 5.652.20

Provincial (iovernmeut Grants 3,250.00

Sundries 791.44

Profit on sale of debenture No. 64 3,000.00

Accrued interest 1 ,661 37

$74,962.75

expexditcrk;

Finance Connnittoe $26,418.28

Board of Works 4,966.52

lioard of Health 10,589.88

Fire, Water and Light 7,590. 15

Police Commissioners 7,697.25

Grants to meet overdrafts on debenture accounts 8,871.73

l^ilance on hand 6,828.95

$74,962.75

Kk

1

26

ABSTRACT OF DEBENTURE ACCOUNTS.

RECEIPTS :

Balance on hand January 1, 1888 §15,365.05

Balance Park Debenture account 15,500.00

Proceeds By-Law 64 $150,000.00

Proceeds Market By-Law 13,650.00 163,650.00

Revenue Grants to meet debenture over-
drafts 8,871.73

$203,386.78

EXPENDITURES :

Streets, Ward 1 $33,754. 14

Streets, Ward 2 11,736:44

Streets, Ward 3 11,312.45

Streets, Ward 4 6,883.55

Streets, Ward 5 9,298.75

Streets, Sundry 4,298,75

Lands in lieu of 2-2 O. G. T 920.00

Park Road 19,982.84

Sewerage 6,328.27

Surface drains 3,777.57

City Hall 2,754.22

Park road gravel 3,699.25

False Creek Bridge 11,440.95

Coal Harbor 3,364.31

East park road 130.00

Cemetery 1,523.00

Shade trees : 359.27

Hose, five reels, etc 8,692.00

Tanks 1,485.20

Hospital Buildings 8,429. 15

Hospital Furniture 2,199.31

Market site

Street debentures paid to revenue 2,839.38

Balance at credit of debentures account,
December 31, 1888

$77,213.65

$52,671.81

20,805.69

13,035.55

2,839.38

36,820.66

$203,386.74

.

27

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF WORKS,

FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1888.

The undersigned experiences real pleasure in submitting to the Council the
following report, on behalf of the Board of Works, showing the magnitude and
variety of the work carried on during the year 1888.

At the time tlie present Board of Works assumed office there were completed
np to that date, and extending, from the year 1886 : —

Streets graded 13J miles.

Streets planked 5^ miles.

Streets gravelled 1 mile.

Culverts 3 miles.

Sidewalks 182 n»iles.

Eighteen liundred and eighty-eight will bo memorable as being the year our
young and prosperous city made gigantic strides in opening up, grading and
improving the streets generally, and following out with vigor and energy the
work initiated by our predecessors. These works were proceeded with as
rapidly as possible and without interruption the whole year.

While street construction was being proceeded with in the different wards,
the Coal Harbor and False Creek Bridges were, in the latter half of the year,
well under way, thus enabling the city through its various contracts to give
employment to all comers.

In the early spring there were placed to the credit of each ward, to be
expended in street improvements the following amounts : —

Ward One 833,000

Ward Two 12,000

Ward Three 17,000

Ward Four 13,000

■ Ward Five IO.a-O

Making a total of f 85,000

This largo amount has been expended judiciously and well. A rccapitula-

^8

tion of the different amounts, the number of miles graded and planked, sidewalks,
bridges, culverts and lanes in each ward will be given below — lanes separate.

There was also a sum of $2,500 allotted for sundry accounts.

RECAPITULATION.

SINCE JANUARY IST.

Streets —

Miles.

Ward One, graded 8-28

Ward Two, graded 1-28

Ward Three, graded - 1 '44

AVard Four, graded 3'37

Ward Five, graded 4-00

Lanes —

Ward Two, graded '50

Ward Three, graded '43

Ward Four, graded 'OS

Box-drains —

Feet.
In all the Wards 9,878

In all, 21 *3d miles of streets graded not including the Park Road.

The Park Road alone is 9 miles long, and was completed in September.

Sidewalks —

Miles.

Ward One 2-37

Ward Two 057

Ward Three 1-30

Ward Four 0*90

Ward Five 002

In all, nearly 5*31 miles of sidewalk. We can add to this 11 mile of gravel
laid.
Bridges — Ward One —

Feet in

Length. Cost.

False Creek Bridge 2,400 $16,000

Coal Harbor Bridge 800 2,400

And three rustic bridges on Park Road.

Water-tank — Ward One —

One on Georgia Street, 50 feet long, 12*12 inside measurement.

Bridges — Ward Five —

Feet in Feet

Length. High.

Fi*th Avenue Bridge 200 4(3

Fifth Avenue Bridge 60

Sixth Avenue Bridge 75 . .

Ninth Avenue Bridge 190 82

Water-tank— Ward Two-
One, 50 feet long, 12*12 inside measurement.

Water-tank — Ward Three —

One, 50 feet long, 12*12 inside measurement.

[i

29

When adding to the above the public buildings that have been constructed,
it will be found that a very lai'ge amount of work was carried on durmg the
past year by the corporation, and, we hope, satisfactorily to all.

The False Creek Bridge, at the foot of Granville Street, and the Coal
Harbor Bridge, are the largest and most costly, and are both creditable to the
city and to the city engineer who designed them : notably the False Creek
Bridge, which is pronounced by an eminent authority to be a, substantial
structure, framed for strength and durability.

Fire Hall ymour Street, built at a cost of $1,837.30. The building of
this hall and the purchase of the fire-engine "Jos. Humphries" have placed our
city in a recognized position of safety against fire.

Hospital, built at a cost of $8,182.48, ground levelled, morgue built, fenced,
under the superintendence of the Board of Works. A more exhaustive report
upon its complement in all respects will appear in Board of Health report.

City Hall. — Addition to City Hall was built — offices, vault, fenaing, jail-
yard, etc. — at a cost of $2,600. This addition was considered very necessary, as
the offices m the old building were entirely too small.

The Cemetery. — There was a caretaker appointed, and a house built for him
at a cost of $400. The lanes running through the five acres already cleared and
fenced are kept in order by him, and he plants trees at the alternate comers of
plots. The ground has proved to be naturally adapted for the purpose, being
high and of a dry soil, the land sloping gradually to the north-west and east,
drains the whole enclosed plot, and in the course ot time the natural features of
a British Columbia landscape can be taken advantage of for beautifying and
ornamental purposes. We urgently recommend to our successors the improve-
ment of the road leading to the cemetery as far as the city limits, if no further,
and that the importance of this road being made good from the city limits to the
cemetery should be by every available means impressed upon the Chief Com-
missioner of Lands and Works and members of the local Government. It is now
at the present time nearly impassable for all vehicles, and the small sum about
to bo spent on its improvement is perfectly inadequate and of little service. I
should say that the Board of Works did not neglect the road to the city limits
this summer ; but they ordered ditches cut on each side, and the road was pro-
perly filled and rounded up in the centre ; but the very large and unusual
amount uf traffic constantly going over it this winter, with the heavy rains, has
certainly cut it up badly, and it needs attention at once.

School-house. — A very neat and comfortable school-house was constructed,
pleasantly located on Ninth Avenue and the old Westminster stage road, on lots
liberally donated by H. V. Edmonds, Esq. The ground was cleared, fenced,
out-house built, well bored, sidewalk laid, at a total cost of 91|397.38. This
amount will be reimbursed to the corporation by the local Government the
coming summer.

30

Bridge. — The old False Creek Bridge was repaired this season at a cost of
$908.75, and a foot-bridge, that was greatly needed, constructed on the east side.
This side was considered the better, as there was less risk of drift logs and
timbers floating down against it, and causing direct and possibly irreparable
damage to the bridge timbers and piles.

Ornamental Trees. — Four hundred and seven trees were planted on the three
principal and widest streets in the city — Georgia and Hastings Sereets and West-
minster Avenue — at a cost of $407 ; which includes fencing. These trees being
ornamental will in a f^w years present a handsome appearance, and become a
really pleasing and attractive feature in our youthful and rapidly growing city.

Stanley Park. — The drive around this magnificent park has been completed
at a cost of $19,982.84, and three miles gravelled, costing $3,435.25, the material
used being clam-shells, which packed closely present a remarkably white
appearance, adding greatly to the attractiveness of the park ; and although much
requires to be done in making drives and serpentine walks, undorbrushing in
close proximity to the road, planting evergreens, grass-seed, and making rustic-
arbors and seats, yet our city park of nine hundred and fifty acres, in its native
grandeur and primitive beauty, will certainly rival if not eclipse any park on the
Pacific slope.

East-end Park. — The Government have liberally donated one hundred and
sixty acres to Vancouver city, in the East-end, for park purposes, with the
understanding that the corporation will grade a road to it. This they have
agreed to do ; and at a late Council meeting it was unanimously carried that
tenders should be called for clearing and grading the said road this winter. This
park will no doubt become a pleasant pleasure resort in the near future, having
many equal advantages with Stanley Park. It is situated a short distance
beyond the eastern boundary of the city and in the vicinity of the famous
Brighton Hotel at Hastings, and in two years' time is to bo connected by street
cars witl\ the city's centre and the West-end, the road leading to it having a fine
view of the inlet for the whole distance and connecting with the present shore
road at Hastings, forming a seven-mile drive with many pleasing features. This
park must eventually become a constant resort for all lovers of romantic wood-
land scenery and lovely groves.

RESUME.

EXTKSDINO FROM THE 13tH JUNE, 188G, TO THE 33TH DECEMBER, 1888.

Total imber of miles graded 30'33

Total number of miles of sidewalks 24 "09

Total number of miles of bridging (5,280 feet) 1

Total number of miles of sewers

Total number of miles of gravelling (9,400 feet) 1 4-5

Total number of miles of culverts 6

Total number of tanks constructed 10

Park Road, number of miles graded 9

Park Road, number of miles gravelled 3

Park Road, bridges 430 ft.

Respectfully submitted.

CHAS. A. COLDWELL,

Chairman Board of Worki.

- Wk

81

REPORT of BOARD of HEALTH.

To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Vancouver.

Gentlemen', — There were twenty-seven meetings held during the year.
The work done included many matters of importance to the city ; amongst
others, the completion and operation of a system of sewerage extending over a
part of the city, the appointment of a licensed scavenger, the completion and
equipment of a city hospital, the more efficient enforcement of the by-law regard-
ing the inspection of incoming vessels, and the successful quarant'ne and eradica-
tion of two threatened epidemics.

Tlie sum of $3,850 Avas appropriated for the Board of Health out of the
general revenue, and the sum of $11,829.82 from debentures sold, making in all
$15,679.82, which was appropriated as follows : —

APPROPRIATIONS FROM REVENUE.

Paid out Balance Over-

Salaries, to Date. on Hand. draft.

$1,830 00 $1,529 17 $ 310 83

Supplies.

$1,000 00 $1,244 90 $ 244 90

Inquests.

$ 150 00 $ 116 00 $ 34 00

Medicines, Etc.

$ 460 00 $ 425 32 $ 34 68

Drayage, Etc.

$ '60 00 $ 34 00 $ 26 00

Fuel.

$ 100 00 $ 123 76 $ 23 75

Contingencies.

$ 250 00 $6,747 16 $6,497 13

Under the head of contingencies, the sums required for the quarantine
'expenses to date, and for the suppression of the glanders which occurred among
cattle during the year, are included.

APPROPRIATIONS FROM DEBENTURES.

Paid out Balance Over-
Furniture, to Date. on Hand. draft.

$2,000 00 $2,199 31 $ 199 31

Lots.

$2,500 00 $2,500 00

Building,

1887 loan— $1,829 82

1888 loan— 5,500 00

$7,329 82 $8,146 90 $ 817 08

■Ml

32

RECAPITULATION.

Appropriations from general revenue § 3,8o0 00

Appropriations from last year's debentures 1,829 82

Appropriations from this year's debentures 10,000 00

Making a total of $19,556 52

Expenditure in excess of revenue $ 3,876 70

As shown by the above statement, the expenditure is largely in excess of the
sum appropriated ; but this excess is owing to circumstances which it was impos-
sible to foresee at the time the estimates were passed. The statement also shows
that, were it not for these unforeseen contingencies — the outbreak of small-pox
and quarantine expenses — the Board would have kept well within its appropria-
tions, and would have had a balance to carry on to 1889. The extra expense,
however, is trifling in comparison with what the city would have incurred, if the
most energetic steps had not been taken to stamp out the threatened epidemic.

A great deal of thought and time were bestowed by the Board upon the
construction, arrangement and organization of the City Hospital and the details
of its management. A medical staff of five members was appointed, whose duties
were defined by the Board. We may now congratulate ourselves upon havuig,
for its size, one of the best-equipped hospitals on the Pacific coast ; and its open-
ing on the 22nd of September marked an era in the progress of Vancouver.
Additional accommodation is already required, only one wing of the proposed
building being completed ; and it will be necessary before long to enlarge it to
the full extent of the original design.

As will be seen by the appended report of the medical health officer, the
health of the city during the past year compares favorably with other places of
the same population. This is satisfactory so far ; but much remains to be done
to place the city in a proper sanitary condition. An extended system of sewer-
age and a supply of pure water are absolutely essential ; and when these are
secured, as we may reasonably expect them to be within a short time, Vancouver
will have utilized to the utmost the advantages of her position from a hygienic
standpoint, and will owe still more to the teachings of sanitary science than she
now does to the natural salubrity of her surroundings and her climate.

J. M. LEFEVRE,

Chairman Board of Health.

PUBLIC HEALTH.

Vancouvkr, December 31st, 18S8.
To His Worshij) the Mayor and City Council.

Gentlemen,— During the year 92 deaths, 43 births and 35 marriages have
been registered in the city ; roughly estimating the population to be in the neigh-

n

33

*^m ■■*

bourhood of 10,000, gives a death-rate of 9 "2 per thousand for the year, which
compares very favorably with the death-rate of other cities of the same size.

The deaths resulted from the following diseases : —

Typhoid-fever 14

Phthisis 6

Cholera infantum 5

Stomatitis 3

Morb. valv. cord 6

Convulsions 4

Spine-disease 2

Asthenia 5

Meningitis 3

Apoplexy 3

Pyoemia 1

Urinaria 1

Peritonitis 2

Bronchitis 2

Diarrhoea 6

Pneumonia 5

Measles 1

Dysentery 2

Premature births 4

Laryngismus strid 1

Pericarditis 1

Laryngitis 1

Empyoemia 1

Violent deaths 13

i

92

EPIDEMICS.

Several times during the past year has the city been threatened with an
epidemic of small-pox, and it was only by the closest vigilance on the part of the
civic authorities that the disease has been prevented from gaining e. foothold.

On the 18th of April last, small-pox was introduced into the city by a
steerage passenger from the steamship Parthia, who brought the contagion from
China. Decisive steps were at once taken to prevent the spreading of the
disease, with the fortunate result that only three cases developed, all of whom
recovered.

Quarantine was raised on the oth of July. Again, in October, it was
discovered that the disease was prevalent among tlie Indians living on Burrard
Inlet, and along the coast north of the city. The Indian Department was
immediately informed of the fact ; and notwithstanding the efforts to stamp it
out, a case developed on Brockton Point, among the half-breeds who had been
in direct communication with the infected Indians. Brockton Point and the

34

whole pai'k were placed in quarantine, and uli residents and squatters wcro
vacccinated on the 29th day of October. Water and land patrols were also
instituted, to keep the Indiana out of the city. Only two oases developed,
l><ith of whom recovered ; and on tlie Slat day of December qnanintiiie was
raised, after burning all infected materials and houses, and thoroughly disinfect-
ing the patients and niirses.

Wliile oa thin topic, I would respectfully bog to recommend, iiiasmuch as 1
consider the houaoa on Brockton Point a source of danger to the city, that they
l)e destroyed as soon as possible, and that in the future no ludiaua coiiiing from a
distance be allowed to camp there.

CIVIC HOSPITAL.

There have been 103 indoor patients treated in the old .md new liospitals
during the past year, 12 of whom died.

Death resulted from the following causes : —

Typhoid-fever 4

Einpyaniia 1

Heart-disease 2

Asthenia 2

Phthisis I

Pneumonia ]

Accidents 1

The remaining 98 surgical and medical cases were discharged cured or
improve'!. A large number of outdoor city patients have been visited and
treated :;y :;;yself.

SCHOOLS.

i'lio tistrict schools have been inspected and found to be in a good sanitary
condition. The change from the one overcrowded building to the three large
airy^ones v/ill no doubt have a beneficial effect over the health of the children of
the city.

I have the honor to be, sirs,
Yours respectfully,

A. M. ROBERTSON, M.D.,

City HecUth Officer

35

ANNUAL REPORT

-OF THE-

FII^E, WA.XEI? ^ND LIGHT
COMIVIITXEE.

To His Worship the Mayor, aiid City Council.

Gkntlemen: — On account of the decease of our chairman, Alderman Hum-
phries, I htive taken the liberty, as senior member of the Committee, of furnish-
ing you a report of our busuiess during the past year.

The appropriations for this Committe for the year were as follows :

REVENUE.

Salaries §1,930.00 ''

Feed of Team 460.00

Patent Harness 250.00

Engine Repairs 200.00

Oil and Waste 150.00

Fuel and Coal Oil 650.00

Fire Alarm 400.00

Team 650.00

Street Lighting 3,000.00

Contingencies 500.00

Total Revenue Appropi-iation $8,090.00

DEBENTURE.

For Fire Alarm $ 800.00

For Tanks 1,513.00

For Engines, Etc 8,534.00

Total Debenture Appropriation 10,347.96

Grand Total !gl8,937.9Q

%

]

I*

36

THE EXt'ENDITURE HAS BEEN

Salaries Sl.736.92

Feed of Team 423.71

Patent Harness 250.00

Engine Repairs 244. 55

Oil a, il Waste 3. 75

Fuel and Oil 393.12

Fire Alarm 141.00

Team 650.00

Street Lighting 2,096.05

Contingencies 1,022. 18

Lands 1,485.20

Engine, Etc 8,701.90

Total 317,148.39

Balance §1,789,59

This balance will more than suffice to meet the ontstiuiding liabilities lor
the month of December.

Re PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE.

Your Committee has endeavored to throw as many safeguanls around the
city as possible to protect the lives and property of the people, and with that
object in view we have introduced into the service during the last twelve months
the following equipments :

One engine; two hose carts; fifteen hundred feet of hose; one team, with
patent harness; three wattr tanks, an additional fire hall, and night telephone
seivice.

Another fiie brigade has been formed, so that we have now road^ for Im-
mediate service, fully equipped, the following apparatus :

One fire team; two fire engines; four thousand feet of hose; one liooit and
ladder truck, complete: twelve buckets; tw'o Babcock extinguishers; one Sikby
heater, ready provided with steam; twelve water tanks, with abundance of water
and coal, and a night telephone service for fire alarm purposes.

We h.^ve under consideration the installation of a regular fire alarm system
of the most modem description, wMch, we trust, will be placed in working order
as soon as a sufficient appropriation > 'ill be set aside for the purpose

He WATER.

We have made arrangements with the Vancouver Wat!>r Works Compnny
for a supply of water both for fire purposes and for the flushing of tlie sewers,
and have entered into an agreement to have sixty hydrants placed at convenient

37

1)oiuts throughout the city, so that wlien the Compiir.y has everything m working
•order, which, we trust, will be at at an early date, we will have an inexhaustible
supply of water for all purposes.

Ee STREET LIGHTS.

We have now in use for street lighting purposes sixty electric lights scat-
tered throughout the city, which have been increased in candle power where con-
aiuered necessary in the business portion of the city. However, I do not con-
siller the present light a good one, but we have done the best with the means at
•our disposal, and I hope the incoming Council will provide means to light +.he
-■sity second to none in tlic Dominion.

I. OPPENHEIMER,

Chairman pro tem.

>r

38

Report of the Chief of the Vancouver
Inre Department.

To City Council:

Gextlemen : — The past year has been very fortunate in the way of fires.
We have oi y been called out by ahinns of fire eight times ; three of which there
was no water thrown. The damages sustained we estimated at $1,600, very
little of which was covered by insurance.

As my term of office as Chief has ended, I have to tliank you for the hearty
response to all of our wants, and hope that the present oilicer will meet with the
same. Only a little more attention is required in the Department, and the
present officer is in a position to do so, or should be.

My term of office has been a pleasant one, and the men ' ,< vo worked well for

w.tys. I woild
•^v.>on as the city
• \nend that tho
ll'.it men couid
^ i^ore the i ew

the interest of the city, and should be encouraged iu all poi ' ! •
strongly recommend that the Chief sliould be a paid cv >•
can afford it, and I shoidd think that time hivs cone ; i L "
Seymour street hall be lighted, and have nroms with wiUiL r
live comfortably in it. The new Chief will have more to bri
Council. I also hand in an invoice of appartus now in hand :

J. W. CARLISLE,

Ex-Chief

INVOICE OF APPARATUS.

Two Engines.

One Hook and Ladder Truck oompL-te.

One Heater.

One Span of Horses.

Two Sets of Harness.

Six Hose Reels.

One thousand feec Co .xjn Host'.

Two thousand nine h andrcd anu iifty feet llubbcr Huso.

Two Stoves.

Twelve Lanterns.

One Wagon.

39

ANNUAL REPORT

-OF THE-

f

S..

re
•y

y

le
le

?r
x\

(l

CHAII^MAISF OF POLICE COIVI-

IVLITTEE.

To His Vr'orship the Mayor, and Council of the City of Vancouver.

Gentlemen' : — I have tht honor to submit to you, as Chairman of the
Police Commission, the following report for the year 1888 :

In the estimates for 1888, the amount of $7855.00 was appropriated for the
Police Department as follows :

Salaries $4,680.00

Uniforms 600.00

Boarding Prisoners 1,000.00

Specials 200.00

Travelling Expenses 250.00

Interpreting 25.00

Fuel 100.00

Secret Service 100.00

Contingencies 1,000.00

Total $7,865.00

The amounts actually expcndeii during the year will amount to the following
«um8, viz:

Salaries $5,333.32

Uniforms 709.60

Boarding Prisoners 900,00

Specials 300.00

Travelling Expenses 90.00

Interpreters 16.50

Fuel 7.00

Secret Service 10.00

Contingencies 600.00

TotiU $7,974.82

1*1
III
p.

r

40

Police Court receipts for the year ending December 28th, 18S8, wsre a&
follows:

January ■ • 8456.90

February 128.50

March 452.40

April 392.95

May 373.50

June 872.40

July 416.00

August 263.80

September 365.75

October 1,042.30

November 374.00

December 288.00

Total $5,426.50

Owing to the rapid increase of the population of the City of Vancouver, an^
the large area which the city now covers, it was round necessary to add three-
specials to the force, and this accounts for the increase in the expenditure for
salaries.

During the year the officers aiad men of the force have discharged their
duties in the most satisfactory manner.

In the foregoing statement you will see that the expenses of the force have
been kept in the most economical manner, and the large number of connections
show that this Department have been active and on the alert.

You will also observe that tlie large sum of 155,426.50 has been added to the
City Treasury by the effectual working."? of the for»e. In fact this Department
is mostly self-supporting

I have the honor to be, gentlemen,

Your obedient servant,

(ilLBERT M^CONNELL,

Chairman V. P. C.

s

ae>

41

\

or
^ir

ve

he

nt

SUGAR BEET CULTIVATION

-IX-

BRITISH COLUMBIA.

DISTRICTS IN WHICH CULTIVATION HAS MET WITH
FAVOTIACLE RESULTS.

Tlichmoiul Municipality.

Delta Mmiioipality.

liangley Municipality.
^U) rey Municipality.

Matjqui Municipality.
-Sumas Muuicii)aUty.

Miasion Municipality.

Burton's Prairie Municipality.

Maple Ridge Municipality.

ChiUiwlmck Municipality.

SUGAR BEET CULTIVATION.

As early as 1807 this subject occupied i^iitention in California. In 1869 a
•company, with a capital of .§250,000, was formed to test the matter. In 1870 the
Alvarada was built ; a orop was put in, and the factory started in November
The capacity was fifty tons per day. The first year $18,000 was made, but the
next, owing to the low prices, there was a loss, and the factory was removed to
Santa Cruz, where it was (juite as unsuccessful, owing in a great measure to
heavy expenses. The Alviso factory was started, and ran successfully until 1887,
Avhen it was destroyed by fire.

From 587,000 pounds in 1871 the productiou ulcreaaed to 1,500,000 in 1872,
and to 1,688,285 in 1886.

The consumption of sugar in tlio United States is about 1,300,000 tons a
year, and increases at a rate of 1.34^00,000 pounds a year.

Sugar beet can be produced at less cost than in Europe, and are richer in
Hftccharine matter. No fertilizing is needed, and loss weeding is necessarry.

a-

42

A factory to consume 35« tons of beet every twenty-four hours would cost alrout
$400,000. The requirement is that 2,500 acres will be planted every year ; a.
site of thirty or forty acres must be supplied ; it must be near a railway.

Cost of seed $1.80 to $3.00 per acre.

Such a factory would produce thirty-five tons of sugar per day, or say 70,-
000 tons in 200 days, which would be about its run.iing season.

By Alvarada factory in 1884, 516,354 tons of beets produced 967 3-5 tons
of sugar, taking nearly seventeen tons of beets per ton. For tho beets $4.50 per
ton were paid, say $73,593 ; for the sugar 5J cents per pound, or $113,782.55,
leaving about $40,000 for expenses and profit, and it is claimed that much
expense could be saved in the manufacturing.

Good California land produces twenty-five to thirty tons of sugjvr beets to
the acre, yielding ten per cent, the greatest known yield.

At $4.00 to $4.50 per ton farmers would gross $100 to $135 per acre.

To the above figures might be added Offiil, which has been known to reach
to about as much as twenty-five per cant, of the whole production.

In addition to g!x>d returns to the iarmers, the industry gives employmen at
the rate of one man to every .^,000 pounds of sugar produced. Then the bar-
rels to contain the sugar would require hands in manufacture, the 2 per cent,
slacked lime u.sed in making the sugar, the coal consumed, and everything in
connection with such an industry, would create necessities for the employment
of help. On a basis something like this, the above sugar can be produced at
4*84 cents per pound ; and it is asserted that it might be made to cost consider-
ably less, some claiming as low as 3^ to 4 cents.

Now all the above-stated can be safely said also for the province of British
Columbia, and in particular of the agricultural lands in pro unity to Vancouver^
where all the product could be disposed of.

Let us then I'ecapitulate : —

The cost of beet seed will be about 12 cents per pound

It takes from 15 to 25 pounds to sow an acre.

This makes the cost from $1.80 to $3 per acre for seed.

Tiie average yield per acre of sugar-beet is from 25 to 30 tons, yielding in
sugar 10 per cent.

In 25 tons there will l>o, say, 2J tons, or 5,000 pounds, refined sugar per acre.

Price for sugar-beets is $4 per ton ; prices ranging according to the percent-
age of saccharine matter the beets contain.

This will give from $100 to $120 for the gross yield of land planted in beets ;
whereas wheat at 50 bushels to the acre would only yield at $1.00 $45, which;
would be an increase of $55 to $75 per acre over the profits obtained on wheat.

Assuming the cost of both to be thu same, with a very small farm a man
would easily secure a good income, as 40 acres would give a net profit of $2,200.

I should judge the estimated area of lands from Harrison River to the Pacific
coast to contain, capable of beet-culture, about 400,000 acres, at $100 per acre—
$40,000,000 as returns to the farmers.

^

43

Kcaiilea this return, the hidustry gives steady employment to 40,000 men,
representing a population of abont 280,000, including traders, manufacturers,
Wives and,children ; and it would further support many other industries, and the
population incidental thereto.

BRITISIIgCOLUMBIA SUGAR-BEET ANALYSES.

Chemical Laboratory, 8 Clyde Street,
Edixbcrgh, 9th November. 1888

Analysis of sample of sugar-beet, sent by the Mayor of Vancouver to Mr.
William Clark, Canadian Court, Exhibition, Glasgow, received here 6th inst. : —

Moisture 77"14

Suear 13-80

This sample consisted of three well-grown sugar-beets. They contain nearly
14 per cent, of sugar, which is considerably above the t erage of sugar grown on
the continent of Europe. The choice of seed has nmch ro do with the amount of
sugar contained in the roots, and with civreful selection beets have been grown
containing as much as 17 per cent, cf sugar, but the average produce is from 10
to 12 per cent.

These sugar-ljeets ra:ij' have dried to some extent. Probably the original

percentage of \\ator wl>uI.1 be al)out 80. If so, there would then be about 13'3

per cent, of sugar in the fresh beets.

A. P. AITKEN,

Chtmut to the Iliijhfand and A'fricultural Society of Scotland.

William Clauk, F^-q,,
Canadian Court,

Exhibition Buildings,
Glasgow.

Alverado, September 27th, 1888.

Beets from British Columbia.

Sacclir. Sugar. DifF. Qust. Value.

Small beets 1<)80 16-31 349 83-4 1360

Medium beets 18-90 15-53 3-37 82-2 12-76

Large beets 16-50 13*40 3-10 81 2 10-88

The beets designated as "small beets" were the smallest in the bags.
Really they are not what w" would call a small beet, as they are the proper
size for sugar-making. The term "value" shows the amount of available
sugar in the juice.

We consider all the above very good ; they all were higher than the average

■German beets.

(Signed) EDW. P. DYER.

Vancouver, B.C., September 27th, 1888.

Jlis Worship the Mayor of Vancouver, B.C.,

D. Oppenheimer, Etq., City Hall.

Dear Sir, — I have the honor to report on the samples of experimental
;8Ugar-beetroot8 handed mo for analyses on the loth instant.

44

My selection was made from beets ranging from a half-pound to three and!
a half pounds in weight ; and in order to obtain a thoroughly reliable and
unflattering proof of the quantity of the sugar available for manufactui-e, I made-
two separate analyses — the first one of roots over average size and weight ; the-
second of such of a size below medium and of low weight — which furnished th&
following results : —

LARGE SiZE.

Per
Cent.

Water 83-7

Gluten ?-9

Fibre 3-8

Sugar 9-2

Waste 0-4

SMALI^ SIZE.

Per

Cent.

Water 81-6

Gluten 3-1

Fibre 48

Sugar 10-2

Waste 0-4

100-0

100-0

According to the above scrupulously-obtaiiie-l iinalytieal statement, the-
smaller roots practically yield the greater percentage of sugar available for
manufacture ; while on the other hand (as by analysis rendered), the larger-sized
beets are of more value, on account of the higher quality of the contents.

I herewith beg to hand you samples of sugar produced, and think that I may
safely recommend the propagation of a sugar-beet cultivation in British Columbia,
the analytical results being, according to my own extensive experience, above the
average in comparison with the growth of various other countries.

I have the honor to be, dear sir, '

Yours truly,.

DR. P. HERBIXG,

A ualytiral Chemiat.

Medical Hall,
Vancouver, B.C., December 8th, 1888.

His Worshij} Mayor D. Ojypenheimer.

Dear Sir, — I have the honor to submit herewith my analytical report o»
four different kinds of sugar-beetroot, handed to me on the 8th of November, and
respectively marked German No. 4. German No. o, (Jernian Nq. 6 and Imperial
Rose. From the samples, which were well-matured, and consequently furnished
better results than those furnished in September last, I took large tvs well luj
small specimens and analyzed them separately, with the subjoined favorable
effect : —

German No. 4. — A sou beet with rcddii-jh skin, the Hesh changing
towards the centre into a yellowish hue. Large size, 10-2 per cent,
saccharine matter ; small size, 9-7 per ceiit. saccharine matter.

)

45

German No. 5.— Skin pink, flesh of a pale yellowish pink, turning to a
bright yellow near the centre. Large size, 10-9 per cent, saccharine
matter ; small size, 1 1 per cent saccharine matter.

German No. 6. — Skin pink, iiesh white.

Large Small

Size. Size.

Sugar 11-8 lie

Fibre 2-9 4-6

Water 820 805

Gluten 30 28

Waste 0-3 05

Imperial Rosk. — Skin retklish, flesh pink.

Large Small

Size. Size.

Sugar ■... 12-2 ll'S

Fibre 3*0 38

Water 815 81-9

(lluten "?? 31 2-3

V/aste 0-2 0-2

The best, German No. 6, promises, if properly treated with saltpetre manure,
a more advantageous result, on account of its rich percentage of fibre and gluten.

Apparently all the four khuls have been raised ui a soil which is entirely
free from alkali admixture and manure.

I am, dear sir.

Yours truly,
4 DR. P. HERRING,

Analytical ChemiM.

.^fiiiitmmm': •■

^RfiD Bf^OS

• •

REAL ESTATE BBOEERS.

T

I li

H3AD OFFICE— Vancouver, B. 0.
OiSces New Westminster, B.
and 107 Cannon Street,
London, England.

Branch
0,

Deal in Britisli CotaMa Seeurities

-AND-

-^1- HBRli ESTATE I^

In all Farts of the Province,

Vancouver Property, Timber Limits, Coal Lany, Etc., Etc.

DONT FORGET THE NAME.

RAME) ©ROB.,

47

^

BIRTISH COLUMBIA

Fruit-Growers' Association,

(From Daily News-Advertiser. February 2nd, 1889.)

Over sixty persons, representing the fruit-growing interests of the province
from various sections, assembled in the Board of Trade rooms in this city last
evening, at eight o'clock. Mayor Oppenheimer occupied the chair and welcomed
the delegates, of whom the following were officially appointed and responded to
their names : E. Hutchinson, Delta ; Wm. F 'S, Alission ; Thomas Cunning-
ham, Npv/ Westminster ; Chas. A. Semlin, M , ., Cache Greek ; 0. D. Sweet,
Richmond ; G. W. Henry, Maple Ridge ; Jai) -, Punch, Suriey ; W. J. J*ran-
dreth. North Arm.

The cliairman then explained the objects of the meeting in the following
speecli.

THE MAYOR'S ADDRESS.

Gentleme. . ^ i, affords me great pleasure to see so many delegates present
from various parts of our province, and to hare the honor of welcoming you to the
Terminal City of the Pacific, for the formation of a fruit-growers' association.
Your attendance here to-night as delegates from your divers districts, is in itself
ample proof of the importance which we are irresistibly drawn to attach to the
future of British Columbia's fruit-culture.

Step by step, from the provincial agricultural shows to the Colonial Exhibi-
tion in London, and later at the industrial fairs at Toronto and London, Ontario,
the fruit raised in our province has worked itself into the appreciation of a wide
circle ; and it required but the recent successes to attract the general attention
of experts to this particular branch of our resources. One of them, Mr. Alex.
MoD. Allan, president of the Fruit-Growers' Association of Ontario, with whom
horticulture is paramount to a creed, honored us with a visit in November last,
on which occasion he was received in these rooms by the Council and some
members of the Board of Trade. We must be grateful to this gentleman for his
interesting speech made on that occasion, and that he has plainly shown us. that
with the great advantages of our soil, our geographical position and the mildness
of our climate, we would almost commit treason to our provincial interests should
we allow the capabilities of our country to remain dormant.

48

I will leave it to you to make suggestioua as to the establishment of the
Fruit-Growers' Association of British Columbia ; but I think we may safely
follow the hints given us by Mr. Allen, during his recent sojourn amongst us.

It seems as if the Ontario association is a well-organized body, which works
properly ; and having carefully examined its modus 02>erandt, I believe that we
may adopt its system withont hesitation.

After a few suggestions as the practical working, the chairman concluded as
follows : —

And now, my friends, before closing let me address you with words similar
to those spoken by our wellwisher, Mr. Allan, at a meeting of the Ontario
association last year, and which so thorough!- onvey what seems necessary to
a successful carrying out of our plans.

"Let us one and all work, speak, wriie and think for the interests of
horticulture,

" Enlist the sympathy of your friends and neighbors : spread everywhere
the necessity of cultivation, more r^inting; growing only the best varieties, and
buying and selling honestly.

"In our association we want all classes of our people ; especially do we want
the mfluence of ' woman ;' and I believe even now our women are fairly enlisted
and willing to work for the grand, elevative interests of horticulture.

" Let us work up enthusiasm in our subject, and thus solidly and surely
elevate the standard of everything that is good.

"There is room always for improvement, and we should never rest fully
satisfied with the results of past experiments, but go on working up .,0 a high
ideal and encouraging others to work too."

LETTERS.

A number of letters wore read from those who were unable to be present, but
who sent their best wishes for and heartiest encouragement in writing to the
association, as follows: T. R. Figg, Mayne Island; Frank Barnard, M.P.,
Victoria ; G M. Sproat, West Kootenay ; Colonel Prior, M. P. , Victoria ; Judge
Vowell, Donald ; E. Crow Baker, M.P., Victoria ; Alex. McD. Allan, president
of the Fruit-Growers' Association of Ontario ; John Bowron, Government agent,
Barkerville ; Clement J. Cornwall, ex-Lieutenant-Governor, Ashcroft ; and
others.

THE ASSOCIATION FORMED.

-'4

It was moved by Mr. Thomas Cunningham, seconded by Mr. Punch, that
the naiio of the society be " The British Columbia Fruit-Growers' Association."

THE OFFICERS ELECTED.

After it had been decided that the officers should be a president, vice-president,

49

aecretary-treasarer and a board of directors, the following were elected to
poeition, the election in each case being unanimous : —

President — J. M. Browning, Vancouver.

First Vice-president— Thomas Cunningham, New Westnimster.

Second Vice-president— G. W. Henry, Maple Ridge.

Secretary-treasurer- A. H. B. MacGowan, jiro tern.

Board of Directors — Vancouver, city and vicinity : G. Mackay ; West-
minster, city and vicinity : Peter Latham ; Victoria, city and vicinity : G. A.
McTavish ; Richmond : O. D. Sweet ; Chilliwhack : John Reece ; Suinas : D. H.
M' (iillivray ; Matsqui : C. B. Sword; Langley : Samutl Robinson; Surrey;
James Punch ; Burton's Prairie : H. P. Kales ; Mission ; William Perkins ;
Delta : E. Hutchinson ; Maple Ridge : W. J. Harris ; Yale district : (Nicola)
John Clapperton, (Kamloops) W. J. Roper, (Okanagan) Alfred Postill, (Spillama-
•cheeii) A. L. Fortune, (Cache Creek) John Murray, Spencer's Bridge ; Lillooet :
R. Hay ; Sooke and Esquimalt : Hon. C, E. Pooley ; Saltspring Island : John P
Booth ; Coniox and vicinity : W. M. Dingwall ; Soanich : J. D. Bryant ; Mayne
Island : R. T. P'igg ; Nanaimo : J. G. Halpenny ; Cowichan : Henry Fry ; Ash-
•croft : Ex-Lieut, -Governor C. J. Cornwall ; Clinton : C. Semlin, M.P.P. ; North
Arm : J. W. Lawson.

RESOLUTIONS.

>J*

The following resolutions were then put and carried : —

Moved by D. Oppenheimer, seconded by 0. D. Sweet, that whereas the
Fniit-Growers' Association of British Columbia has been established, and the
revenues and n^eans of the said Fruit-Growers' Association are somewhat limited,
and inadequate to defray the expenses necessarily incurred by an association of
-such vital importance to the province as the Fruit-Growers' Association of
British Columbia ; be it therefore resolved, that the Provincial Government be
requested to aid and assist the Fruit-Growers' Association of British Columbia
"with an annual grant of $1,800 (eighteen hundred dollars), similar to the appro-
priation made by the Government of the province of Ontario for the Fruit-
Growers' Association of Ontario.

Moved by D. Oppenheimer, seconded by E. Hutchinson, that whereas it
.appears expedient and of the greatest importance to the interests of the Frnit-
Growcrs' A.S30ciation of British Columbia that delegates should attend a large
'Convention, to be held in Montreal or Toronto in the month of January, 1890, for
the purpose of discussing subjects suitable to the fruit-culture of the Dominion of
Canada in general and the different provinces of Canada in particular ; and
whereas this association is still in its infancy, so that its necessary circumstances
•do not justify an expenditure of money sufficiently large to defray the necessary
travelling costs of such delegates ; be it therefore resolved, that the Fruit-
Growers' Association of British Columbia request the Dominion Government to
place a liberal sum in its estimates, for the puipose of covering the expenses of
delegates to a large convention of fruit-growers, in Montreal or Toronto, in the
mionth of January, 1890.

50

THE MAYOR AND VANCOUVER THANKED.

Mr. Sweet moved, and half a dozen gentlemen offered ',?. second, a resolution
of thanks *Ai Mayor Oppenheimer, but Mr. Thomas Cunningham claimed pre-
cedence as seconder ; and after Mr. Sweet had spoken to his motion, he took
occasion to remark that the whole province was indebted to Mayor Oppenheimer
for his efforts in this matter. If there were more Oppenheimers in this province
it would be better for it. He thanked the people of Vancouver generally. Its
enterprise was stimulating the whole of British Columbia, and acting, if the
comparison could be allowed, in the capacity of a push-engine shoving them
up-grade. Mr. McKay also spoke flatteringly of the mayor's eP"'.i,s to promote
the association. The motion was passed by a standing vote.

THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS.

The president then read the constitution and by-laws of t!ic Montreal
Horticultural Society and Fruit-Growers' Association of the Provinc of Quebec,
which with slight variations were adopted as those of the British Columbia
i« 3sociation. The objects are defined as follows : " The object of the society bhall
be to encourage the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables and pursuits pertain-
ing to horticulture, the promotion of bee-culture, the holding of exhibitions, and
the collecting of information regarding the difTerent varieties of fruits best
adapted for cultivr^tion in this province." It is provided, briefly, that the
annual meeting shall be m January of ecoh year ; the ofhcers elected by ballot ;
five a quorum of directors ; thirteen a quorum of the society ; directijrs hold
quarterly meeting ; fees $2 a year ; life membership $20 ; any person outside the
pi"ovince may join for $1 for exhibition purposes, and to receive reports, but for
no other ; annual exhibitions.

A spirited discussion took place over the following clause: " Tho tinancinl
year fhall end . . . ; and no one shall bo entitled to vote at the
annuol meeting who has not been a member the preceding year and has paid his
Bubi cription for the current year." The president thought that chuiso very
necessary to prevent the association being used for private or politic*! ends, by
members being rushed in just before the annual meeting. Several voted to liave
the part providing for last year's menibersliip aa a qualiticntion to vote Btruck
out, and it was vigorously attacked by one speaker ; but tho good sense of the
meeting snowed under the amendment, which received only four votes.

It was also proposed that nirmlwrs living more than one hundred miles from
Vancouver could be represented by proxy ; but that M'as not largely supported,
it being ooni.idered a dangerous principle to adopt iu a society of tlie kind.

It was decided that the directors should meet next morning at nine o'clock,
ii the sf^me place.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Tlie foii-'wing signed tho memljership roll : 0. 1). Sweet, J. M. T'rowning,
George McKay, C. R. Townley, Rov. Father Fay, E. Hutchinson, A. Hovdii,

""■W'WW

MMi

51

Thomas Cunningham, W. J. Harris, J. Canning, C. Chamberlain, \A'iiliam Prout,
J. Puncli, N. Allan, Charles Clark, W. H. Mf,y, W. J. Brandreth, G. W. Henry,
F. C. Cotton, E. V. Bodwell, W. Cargill, — Powis, J. C. McLagan, George
,:;iden, George Cold well, W. J. McMillan, William Perkins, H. P. Bales, Charlej
A. Semlin, M.P.P., A. W. Vowell, J. Boultbee, Thomas Dunn, D. Oppenheimer,
r. X. Martin, R. Clarke, W. F. Salsbury, R. E. Gosnell, Philip Fewster.

TALK ON FRUIT.

By request several gentlemen, practical fruit-growers, gave their experience
in fruit-growing for the benefit of those present.

Mr. Thomas Cunningham was pleasing and instructive in his remarks. He
spoke of strawberries, in which he had had great success. Last year he had
raised the Sharpless, which went twelve to the pound. In regard to pears,
British Columbia set the experience of all the rest of the world at defiance, and
he could only attribute it to the cool nights and long season for maturing. It
was generally taught that pears required a heavy, rich, compact clay soil ; but
here, the best pears he had ever s len in his life were grown on gravelly ridges,
which would produce f?300 to the prre in crop. Mr. Cunningham had grown the
Silv^ " Prune to a degree of perfection and quality he had never seen equalled.
British Columbia, he said, was the home of the plum. En jiasaant he advised the
association to consider well and look after the insect pests, in which the apple
alone had two hundred enemies. A sovereign remedy against most of them was
tu wash the trees \vith soft soap, diluted to the proportion of one to six with
water. He warned fruit-growers against the excessive pruning of stone-fruit
trees. His expetiencc in that direction was that all the trees overtrimmed had
burst the bark. The explanation of that was that the destruction of the foliage
produced a tdo rapid growth of the wood of the trunk. In planting trees, they
should not cut the head too much. They should allow the leader to grow : save
centre, and the tree will grow every time. In concluding, Mr. Cunningham said
he ■• i .s enthusiastic in the matter of fruit-growing. It was an elevating pro-
fr.'=;ion, and )»ad excellent moral effects. He never saw a bad man engaged in
1 .:>rtioulture. (Laughter.) In talking to the M'arden of the penitentiary the
other day, 1 asked him how many fruit-growers they had in the penitentiary,
and the reply M-as, "Not one." It brought men into harmony with nature and
nature's (4od. It was helping the work of the Creator, and through it was
divined the operation of his laws. In regard to the market for fruit, ho added, it
was not a tnatter of anxiety to him. They, in fact, would never overtake the
market. Tliere ^^ as re Mn for all.

In reply to questions, he said he had planted strawberries successfully all
through from August to December, and even on the 22nd of June. He con-
Bidered the Baldwin and Northern Spy the best winter applet, the Yellow Trans-
parent the best early apple ; the Italian the best prune ; the Bnrtlett and Chipp's
Favorite the best pears. Strawberries would yield $1,000 to an acre.

Goorgo Henry, ^laple Ridge, as a practical nurseryman and fruit-grower of

52

P

1:1

some years' experience, had reaped 83000 off a quarter-acre of Crescent seedlings-
He had phim-trcos that had made eight and a half feet of growth in a season^
and apple five and six feet. He had good success with raspberries : Cuthbert
and Marlborough were the best varieties. He disagreed with Mr. Cunninghaia
about the pruning of stone-fruit trees, the effect being largely due to the season
in which it was done. All the deadweod, which retarded growth, should be cut
back in the spring. He also called attention to one bisect which was at work in
the province, which he described as the black-headed apple-borer. The members
should be provided with the entomologist's report, which was published by the
Govermnent.

Mr. E. Hutchinson, Ladncr's Landing, gswe an account of his operations as a
fruit-grower and nurseryman, which are cjuite extensive hi apples, pears, black
and red currants, and gooseberries. He was going in for shipping black
currants to San Francisco next fall, where they could not raise them. As to-
insects, he had only seen two kinds as yet. For caterpillars, he recommended a.
solution of paris-green as infallible.

Mr. G. R. Townley spoke of experiments in his nnrseiy, but his experience^
had not extended sufficiently to judge of results.

William Perkins, Mission, a veteran fruit-grower, had been raising straw-
berries sevciiteen years in tliis province. A variety of strawberries had been
planted eighteen years ago by the Oblate fathers, which he christened the King,
and it was considered then the king of strawberries. Afterwards the Sharpless
was introduced and mixed with the King, and the hjbrid berry was the finest
that was ever put on the market. Tliree years ago he measured one which was
nine inches in circumference — (sensation) ; and although since they had not
attained to such a size, they would go one hundred and seventy-five to two
hundred bushels to the acre. He had seen Mr. Cunningham's estimate of one
thousand dollars to the acre beaten all hollow. British Columbia was the home
of the small-fruit, which was proved by the fact that all kinds of domestic small-
fruit were found in the wild state in the province. He occasioned a hearty laugh
l)y stating that he hesitated to say aiiyihiiig about gooselKjrries, because tliey
wouldn't believe him if he did. But noljotly doubteil him when he instanced
berries one and one-eighth inch in diameter and one and three-eighths inch in
length.

The above is only a hint at the nature of the discussion on the topics of
interest to fruitmen, which occupic«l the a*i8ociution for several liours, space
not admitting of a more extended report.

Throughout the evening tlie interest was thoroughly maintained, and the
proceedings, with probably a single exception, were of the most harmonious and
enthusiastic character. The promoters are to Iks congratulated upon the excellent
result achieved, as a greater success for its inauguration could not have been,
anticipated )>y the most sanguine.

II WIIW MIWH K—'JI

58

OUR WEALTH IN FISHERIES.

The aggregate value of the fish catch of the four Maritime Provinces is
given at $14,750,281 in last year's returns. Of tha^ $548,223 is the yield for
salmon, or about 4 per cent, of th" total. Of the value of the British Columbia
fisheries, $1,974,887, for the same year, $1,556,654 represents salmon, oi nearly
80 per cent. Deducting the value of seals and other products, not strictly to^be
classified as fish, $174,508, a comparison between the Atlantic and Pacific shows
the following to be true, and is significantly in favor of the latter, that whereas
the British Columbia rivers give in the pr -portion of $9 and the sea $1, in the
Maritime Provinces the rivers only yield a proportion of $1, while the fishermen
have to fight the sea for the other $9. Our salmon industry is already many
times greater than that of the Atlantic, whereas other kinds of fishing is scarcely
started to be developed, and, therefore, while in the aggregate it bear no com-
parison with the annual product of the Atlantic with an equal, if nn ;reater
extent of coast line, with valuable fisheries all along it, the possibilities ar^ L;ieater,
and to ^ay that with, fair liopes of realisation, is to open out prospects for the
Province of British r'nlumbia, and particularly so for New Westminster District
ill Vancouver as the head centre of the trade, which its wealth of minerals and
..inb< r oombinctl cannot render incomparable. For tlie year 1888 the

WHOLE ' I hi:ries product.

of the PioMuce. Now WcHtmiistcr forming the most considerable part, the
returns are as ci iplcte as it Uas jeen possible to obtain them :

Salt Salmon bbls.

Fresh Salmon lbs.

Smokou Salmon I lis.

Canned Salmon lbs.

Sturgeon lbs.

Halibut, fresh IVis.

Halibut, smoked lbs.

Heriing, fresh lbs.

Herring, smoked lbs.

Oohichan, fresh . lbs.

Oolnchan, Bait bbls.

Oolacluin, smoked lbs.

Trout lbs.

Assorted lbs.

Smelts, fresh lbs.

Skil (Black Cod) bbls.

Sai'dines lbs.

Tooshqua (cultis cod) lbs.

4,2H; (S !*10.00 $

42,100

1,917,000(1'

.10

101,000

12,500 @

.20

2,500

8,833,944 Co)

.12i

1,104,243

175,500 (fl).

.05

8,776

77,000 @

.05

3,850

30,000 @

.10

3,000

82,900 (w

.05

4,145

3,(K)0 (p),

.20

600

10,200 @

.10

1,020

232 dn

10.00

2,320

200 (ti^

.20

40

4,500 (m

.10

450

110,000 (fl?

.05

6,500

8,000 (a\

.00

^;-0

484 C«i

18.00

k,:i:

3,1(H»(«>

.10

SiO

2(),0(M) (w

.00

1,200

Fish Oil gals.

Seal Skuis, fur.

20,745 (w .50 13,3724
24,843® 10.00 248,430

Total of Returns $l,638,507i

Estinuited value of returns to be made 250,000

Estinuited value of consumption by 36,000 Indians 4,385,000

Total British Col-mbia catch $6,273,507

54

VALUE OF FISHING OUTFIT.

53 Vessels, 2,270 tons $183,700

1,207 Boats, Etc 68,at2

224,865 Fathoms Gill Nets 150,110

2,990 Fathoms Seines 17,960

Total 6420,712

STATISTICS OF INDUSTRY

23 Salmon Canneri es valued at $569,000

3 Oil Factories l8,500

2 Freezing EataW. jhments 10,000

4 Ice Houses 1,000

Total §iG20,000

No. of Salting Stations G

No. of Sailors and Sealers 4,825

No. of Fishermen and Canne rymen 5,374

THE CANNING INDUSTRY.

The Eraser River enjoys the distinction of possessing the largest canning
industry in tlic world. It started into life about 1873 and quickly grew into an
importance which places it in the first rank among the industries of the Province,
and cause- it to be pouited to with pride when the various sources of wealth of
the Doniii:' ii are being enunjerated. When giving the returns for 1888, it must
bo remenil'jred that last year was one of the periodically poor reasons which is
looked to occur every four years. This is no doubt caused by the conditions
which exist at the spawning beds at certain intervals, causing the destruction of
the eggs through being frozen or other causes. However, to whatever cause it
may be attributed the fact of u periodic scarcity exists, followed by the years of
plenty, and the cannery men look forward to the incoming season as one of great
abimdance. The catch, tlierefore, of last year on the Eraser was small conipared
with some previous yen , although what is true of t!ie Eraser does not apply to
other canning grounds, where there was an increase, wliich brings up the average
for the Pi'ovinco. The returns for the Provuice complete are as follows :

ERASER RIVER.

NAME OF COJirANY. CANNING (IKOIND. NO. OF CASES.*

Phojnix Mouth of the River — 4,000

B. A. P Wellington Canoe Pass 10,000

Wellington \Vellington Canoe Pass 7,700

n.''J!<'l<'!M9i<l'>'

/:

55

Harlock & Co Ladner's Landing 4,440

E. A. Wadhams Ladner's Landing 5,720

Delta Ladner's Landing 6,771

Fraser River Canning Co Deas Island 3,300

Ewen & Co Lion Island 10,470

B. C. P. Co Anneville 6,000

Laidlaw & Co Sapperton 6,771

Bon Accord Coquitlam 5,140

Richmond Richmond 7,804

* A c^ 36 contains 48 p:>uncls and is valued a 12) cents per pound.
SKEENA RIVER .iND ELSEWHERE

NAME OF COMPANY.

Skeena Packing Company , . ,
Inverness Packing Company

B. A. P

Windsor Canning Company .

CANNINO GROUND. NO. OF CASES.

.Port Essington 15,060

.Balmoral ' 10,600

.Port Essington 17,709

, .Al>eraeen 12,872

Rivers Inlet Canning Co Rivers Inlet 12,000

Whamock .• Rivers Inlet 8,000

A. J. McLellan Naas River 12,318

Alert Bay Packing Co ... . . . .Alert Bay 5,000

Tl e folbwing is >;. relinMe return of the salmon pack of the
this yetir :

Hobsrn k Co

Fnglish A Co

reaver Cannery

Fritish American Packing Company

Canoe Puss Canning Company

Wellington Packing Company

Harlock Packing Company

Wadman's

Delta Canning Company

Findlay, D. & Brodie

Ewen & Co

British Columbia Packing Company

Laidlaw & Co. (Sapperton)

Eon Accord Fishing Company (Coquitlam) .

Munn's (Sea Island, North Arm)

Richmond Canning Company (North Arm).

Fraser so far

CASES.

15,000
18.600
14,600
21,000
15,000
19,000
14,000
15,000
20,000
11,680
29,800
15,500
20,000
16,000
15,000
16,000

Total 276,180

Tlie complete pack of the Northwest coast salmon canneries for 1889 is ai
foUowR :

56

NAAS RIVER.

McLellan's Cannery 9,500

rindlay, D. & Brodie 4,500

Cascade Cannuig Company 2,500

Total 16,500

SKEENA RIVER.

N. P. C. Co 10,000

Inverness Co 9,500

Balmoral 0,500

Windsor 10,000

Cunningham 11 ,500

B. A. & P. C 12,500

Total (33,000

RIVERS INLET.

Rivers Inlet Canning Company 16,000

Wannock 10,000

Total 26,000

Alert Bay 6,500

Grand tot il pack of the Northwest coast 112,000

Estimated pack on the Eraser River 310,000

Total 422,000

Reckoning the total pack at an average value of $5. 75 per case, witliou^
allowing anything for losses one way and another, the value of tlus season's
pack woild l)e 552,426,500.

37

THE COAL BEDS

THE-

WRSTMfKSTHR DISTRICT:

The Report of the Department of the Interior, just recently issued, among
othei exploratory surveys discovered, has the following :

p'i'r,- On the seaboard of British Columbia Mr. Amos Bowman commenced field
work in New Westminster district on the Ist of April, continuing [to the end of
August. The area delineated comprises a rectangle of a degree of latitude lying
iiorth of the 49th parallel, and three degrcpi of longitude lying eastward from the
Gulf of Georgia to the canon of the Frasor. lu this region are situated the cities
of Westminster and Vancouver. It includes the delta of the Fraser, and also the
much larger pleiitocene delta of the stream. A considerable expanse of lignite-
bearing tertiary, and also of bitiuninous :al bearing rocks of Cretaceous age,
o. <. ur in this region, the two series presenting a system of outliers and ranges
flanking the higher coast mountains of granite.

In May and June the limits of the Tertiary were traced, first south of the
Fraser, commencing at Mud Bay (Semihamoo) and thence eastward to the Chilli-
whack River Mountains. The same rocks were then delineated (and incidentally
others) on Uie north side of the Fraser, especially in the vicinity of Westminster
and Vancouver

Workable Iteds of lignite and coal, in the older as well as the newer series of
rocks, are believed to exist, and will be developed when prospectujg for them by
iMH'ing, or drifting to the depths beyond atmospheric influence, is undertaken.
In the adjacent Unitea Stales territory the same rocks have been more extensively
prospected, and in several places where exploited, show every indication of pre-
valence and continuance of favorable coal making conditions along the whole
eastern or mainland side of the Pugot Sound and Fuca Straits from the southern
extremity of the former as far northward as the valley of the Fraser — in other
words, on the Westminstev side of the trough as well as on the opposing Van-
couver Jsland side. The older or Cretaceous series of rocks are extensively
developek\ in Canadian territory in the Harrison Liake District, and in the south-
ern portions of the field described.

The qvantity of Territory coal or lignite which may be developed by means

58

of judicious boring operations in the vicinity of Westminster and Vancouver, can
only be conjectured by the experience at Bcllingham Bay, which furnished one
of the earliest examples of profitable coal mining on the Pacific Coast ; the basin
there and its rocks being continuous, it may be fairly inferred that the cual seams
are so also.

Although coal has been found in very many localities north of the interna-
tional boundary-line in the Tertiary delta of the Fraser, in only two instances
have attempts been made, l>y sinking or boring, to prove the thickness of the
seams at depths where they would be uninfluenced by atmospheric weathering,
and in both instances without adequate capital — at Coal Harbor (Vancouver) by a
boring, and at Sumas Mountain by an incline. The results, so fur as they go, are
by no means discouraging.

The conditions now existing, which justify prospecting by boring operations,
and milling lignite for local use, are its cheapness.and a local market greatly

extended beyond that heretofore existing which would enable it now to successfully
compete for many purposes with coal transported from Vancouver Island.

Proximity to croppmgs of seams known and considered to be more or less
promising, so as to test these at a distance from the surface, would be the first
consideration in selecting sites suitable for boring operations. Otherwise located,
a bore hole might be put down very widely astray, and might succeed only in
testing a theory ; but thus guided tlio bore could not fail to test the ground in
association with the seam or scams in question to the depths explored.

The thickness of the measures desirable to be tested in the same connection
will of course govern the depth of the Bore in any given locality. The entire
series exposed in the vicinity of Burrard inlet is not far from 3,000 feet in thick-
ness. But all these beds, except some unknown, possibly underlying ones, come
to the surface ; those exposed nearest to the Inlet being at the bottom and those
nearest to the Fraser River at the top of the series. A bore near Port Moody,
say at the terminus of the "North Road," would test the lower series ; but could
reveal nothing respecting the next overlying strata, which at that place have
been removed by denudation. To test these it would bo necessary to go as far
up the coal ravine of the "Gravel Pit" (nearly opposite the North Arm or Burrard
Inlet, known also as camp No. 1, and the "Italian camp," on fhe railway) as it
would be possible to haul the machinery. The same rocks would be far below the
surface at Burnaby Lake, and probably several thousand feet beneath the city of
Westminster.

A very short incline, shaft or tunnel, might test the ground satisfactorily in
one place, while a bore of several hundred feet might suffice at another ; the
choice being determined by the contract price. Sinking by shaft, necessitating
pumping of water would be undertaken only after the ground has been tested,
and proved to justify that expense.

Boring for water, a question of present public interest, is quite another prob-
lem, if the water be looked for in the porous gravelly or sandy strata overlying
the ooal, as at Westminster. In a bore there, for an artesian well, at a depth of

J

59

from one to two thousand feet would have to be attained before any coal yet found
oould enter into consideration at all ; and at such a depth, even if fox'.nd in thta
vicinity, it could not be profitably worked.

Cretaceous coal measures already referred to, lie probably too deep in the
littoral district under consideration to be reached by boring, except possiblj'-
along the south shore of Burrard Inlet, where a bore would probably go through
some shore edges of the cretaceous before reaching the underlying granite ; such as
opposite the valley of the North Arm and of Pitt River, both of which may repre-
sent arms of the cretaceous sea.

Any point between the smelting works and the terminus of the "Xorth
Road," M'ould be suitable for a bore to search for the deep-lying cretaceous coal
measures in their vicinity. That of the coal croppmgs on Hastings town site,
half a mile west of Hastings, is as favorable as any otlier ; and presents, in
addition, the inducement of connected a"d interestmg developments in the terti-
ary series.

At Sumas Mountain, and at the Warnok-Kanaka Creek Mountain, the terti-
ary coal, so far as known, lies near the bottom of the series. Kanaka Creek
presents a favorable locality for test by boring in the line of the ancient valley of
the Lillooet Ri'.'er. ^

Two series of coal seams come to i\\:i surface on opposite sides of the city of
Vancouver. The coal measures occupy the whole of Stanley Park, and also
immediately underline the city. By mcius of a bore of over 400 feet put down
near Granville Hotel, Vancouver, nearly twenty years ago, some lower beds of
the series coming to the surface in Stanley Park hav" been proved to be either
uncontinuous or barren. But the seams which have given Coal Harbor its name
more probably escaped the investigation of the prospectors altogether, from the
circumstjince that the locality selected appears to have presented only strata over-
ying th3 coal. The uppct' coal croppings of Brewery Creek, and other localities
on the south side of False Creek, do not anywhere extend to the northward of
False Creek. They could be conveniently intersected by a bore on a line with
False Creek trail to Fraser River, which could be so located as to reach the coal
at any desire*' depth below the surface.

^

•^

• •

• •

Importers and Wbolesale Dealers in

GROCERIES, i PROVISIONS, i CIGARS,
TORACCOS. » ETC.. i ETC.

CORNER OF POWELL STREET and COLUMBIA AVENUE.

P. 0. 601 100.

Vanoouvep.

Rpitish Columbia.

61

LUMBERING INDUSTRY.

A FEW FACTS ABOUT THIS IMPORTANT ELEiMEiNT OF
I'ROVINXIAL WEALTH.

8,

JE.

f.'

In the report of the Minister of Land and Works recently issued, there are
.•some interesting statistics as to t)ie lumber industry. There are 25 sawmills in
the Province, with a daily capapity in the agregate of 170,000, or about 275,000-
000 per annum. The acreage of timber leases held from the Provincial Govern-
ment amounts to 135,063 acres, and on crown lands, 10,939,400 ; timber lease-
liold, 9,429,565; private property, 3,342,352; total, 31,878,384 ; royalty collected,
^12,575.50 ; rebate on timber exported, $3,051.48.

Tne mills with situations, etc., are : Moody ville Saw Mill Co,, Biirrard Inlet,
.six locations, in New Westminster district, 33,577 acres in all ; Hastings Saw
Mill Co., Vancouver, with 8,316 acres on coast, 5,391 New Westminster dist. 'ct,
3,961 coast and Say ward districts; Royul City Planing Mills Co., New West-
minster and Vancouver, with locations in Sayward, on the coast and JjTew West,
minster districts amounting to 20,458 acres in all ; Leamy and Kyle, Vancouver
•6,239 acres m coast and Sayward districts; W. P. Sayward, Victoria, 1,380 acreu
in coast district ; Wm. Sutton, Cowichan, 7,0G9 acres in Cowichan district ; J^
Martin & Son, 787 acres, Harrison Lake; Harlam & Lees, Nauaimo, 18,462
acres in Sayward d?j>trict ; Croft & Angus, Chemainus, 1,413 acres in New West-
minster district ; Tioss & McLaren, 23,600 acres in Westminster; Knight Bro's
mill of 25,000 dr,uy capacity , Shuswap Milling Co., Yale district, 3,200 dapacity;
Muir Bros., Sooke, 12,000; Brunette Sawmill Co., New Westminster, 30,000;
Fader Bros., Vancouver, 75,000 ; Port Moody Sawmill Co., 16,000; W. A. John.
-ston. Cariboo district, Queenelle, 20,000 ; J. B. Nason, Cariboo district, Barker-
ville, 6,000; Indians, Alert Bay, 5,000, Cunningham & Co., Port Essington, 8,000;
■G. Williscroft, Georgetown, 12,000 ; N, Hanson, Kootenay district ; Indians,
"Naag, 3,000; Vancouver Lumber Co., Vancouver, 8,000.

The annual report of T. S, Higginsun, Crown Timber Agent, for the year
«nding October Slst, 1888, gives the following particulars about the lumbering
interests of Westminster District: The Royal City Planing Mill Co., of New
Westminster, with a capacity of 75,000 feet per 12 hours, showed an annual cut

62

I

of 12,378,678 feet ; The Brunette Saw Mill Co., of New Westminster, with a
capacity of 40,000 feet per 12 hours, annual cut, 4,858,906 feet ; W. C. Wells,
(Palliser Lumber Co. ) of Palliser, with a capacity of 20,000 feet per 12 hours,
annual cut, 438,178 feet ; F. Robinson, of Beaver, with a capacity of 20,000 feet
per 12 hours, annual cut, 4,208,535 feet ; Knight Bros., Popcum, capacity of
50,000 feet per 12 hours, annual cut, 85,598 feet ; Hugh I -urr, Ladner's Landing,
capacity of 10,000 feet per 12 hours, annual cut, 567,000 feet ; J. McDonald,
Craigellachie, capacity of 20,000 feet per 12 hours, annual cut 1,000,000 feet ; S.
W. McKay, GriflBn Lake, capacity, 15,000 feet per 12 hours, annual cut, 800,000
feet. Altogether making a grand total of 24,436,895 feet of manufactured lum-
bar in one year.

Mr Higginson in his report adds that during the past year there have been
many inquiries by Eastern Canadian and American lumbermen, with the view of
establishing extensive mills in the Province at an early ^y. The Douglas pine
and cedar oi the Province are recognised by competei/ ir 'ges to be, in many
respects, superior to any wood found in the east, while tlie trees contain from 5
M to 25 M feet B. M., something almost incredible to eastern men, and defective
trees are the exception.

Another advantage here is that they have the whole civilised world as a
market, these superior woods finding ready access by water to the markets of
China, Japan, Australia, and the South American Provinces ; while the demand,
in consequence of the completion of our gj*eat National and Imperial highway, is
steadily increasing for our finer grades in the Canadian Northwest Territories
and Western and Eastern Canada, as well as the Western States.

Considering therefore that the lumber supply is about exhausted in the east,
and we on the Pacific Coast possess the pine and cedar forests of America, the
trade must, in the near future assume enormous proportions.

63

Eiditeen Years of Progress.

[ Summemide Joumial, P. E. I.'\

Bi itish Columbia has just celebrated her admission to Confederation, eighteen
years ago, and the News Advertiser, an enterprbing daily published in the rapidly
growing city of Vancouver, devotes a couple of columns to an interesting review
of the great progressmade in that time by the "sunset province of the Dominion."
After a comparison of the condition of afTairs prior to ana biibsequent to the
Union, the writer sums up his observations in the following statistical contrast,
which indicates the immense progress made by British Columbia duruig the past
few years :

The population of British Columbia in 1871 was estimated at 36,000, exclu-
sive of 30,000 Indians, and it is now placed at ovnt 100,000.

In 1876 the value of the fish product, in round numbers, was $100,000 ; it is
now ?2,000,000.

The coasting trade in 1876, 125,0fJ0 tonnage , now 1,600,000 tonnage.

The exports in 1872 were §190,000 ; now, $350,000. Imports, 1872, $180,000;
now, $3,600,000.

Duty collected in 1872, $350,000 ; now, $900,000.

Tonnage of vessels in and out, 260,000 ; now, 1,200,000.

Output of coal in 1S74 was 81,000 tons ; in 1888, 500,000 tons.

The above figures could be multiplied greatly in detail, but a general outline
-will indicate pretty clearly the progress made.

i li

64

FOR CUSTO:.IS RETURNS THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT

COVERS WHOLE TIME VANCOUVER HAS BEEN

A PORT OF ENTRY.

1

IMPOKT'iD.

Sick

Mariner's

Fees.

Duties.

Minor
flevenues.

Chinese
Revenues.

1

1887:-
July ]
August ' . . .
SeptembcrJ

9.5529

10081

52986

100 28

131 04

87 .30

3S(K) 37
4^)89 97
6257 80

5 00
64 70
26 27

1100 00
102 00

.506- 65-
4785 71
6473 37

Octoljer "1
Novembe ...
December |

109115

37854

44822

51 50
34 42
43 36

4045 88
4169 37
3545 68

59 00
.36 30
20

60
1350
460 50

4216 38
5590 0(V
4069 54

1888:—
January "j

February- >

March J

175544

1669
14956

4848

5910
13725
14(555

141 57

50 08

128 86

1487 50
2981 73
3703 19

36 72
121 00

4,"/ 50
212
51 50

2123 29
3364 81
3883 55

April

66965
62517
47561

10706
64(Mi
!;414

19004
20032
18813

119 02
60 54

1 10 28

3995 65
53;30 11
5234 31

20
12 tO

11. 'iO
3163 .50
4259

ryJQS 67

May

8574 15

June

9615 99

July

61 '«J
41oS7
906C1

K586

159.15

6421

21177
21.W7
18623

313 98
2.-:' 31
167 52

0287 13
6790 51
4815 94

5"

2 90
439 50

6533
2866 50
1513 50

13186 11

August

September ....

9912 '2r>
6936 46

October

November ....
December

2.3115
71233
36452

8777

15317

6795

29862
34974
34094

127 28

123 0()

54 20

8420 54 405
8963 47 283 90
9891 33 208 98

10999
3724
211 60

19951 82
13094 43
10366 21

1889:—

January

February

16391
4992

9496
10169

25153
26065

52 74
29 94

7359 98
9518 05

299 38
250 30

619
427

8231 10
10225 49

'■*tJ««.-

/-

^