IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
//
4.
1.0
I.I
1.25
6"
12.2
2£
1.8
U IIIIII.6
p;^.
7:
'/
Hiotographic
Sdences
Corporation
\
#^
•s^
iV
\^
^
^
'^
23 WiST MAIN STRUT
WfBSTER.N.Y. MSSO
;n6)S72-4503
'<?>
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions
institut Canadian do microraproductions historiquas
1980
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibllographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below.
D
D
n
□ D
D
Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur
I I Covers damaged/
Couverture endommag^e
Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul6e
I I Cover title missing/
D
Le titre de couverture manque
Coloured maps/
Cartes gdographiques en couleur
Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
Bound with other material/ Relid avec d'autres documents
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/
La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes.
Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires:
L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous.
I I Coloured pages/
D
n
Pages de couleur
Pages damaged/ Pages endommagtes
Pages restored and/o(
Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes
Pages discoloured, stained or foxei Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqudes
Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes
Showthrough/ Transparence
Quality of priri
Quality in^gale de I'impression
includes supplementary materia Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire
I I Pages damaged/
I I Pages restored and/or laminated/
I ~| Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
I I Pages detached/
I I Showthrough/
I I Quality of print varies/
I I includes supplementary material/
Only edition available/ Seule 6dition disponible
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6x6 filmdes d nouveau de fa^on d obtenir la meilleure image possible.
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous.
|
10X |
14X |
18X |
22X |
26X |
30X |
|||||||||||||||||
|
7 |
12X
16X
20X
24X
28X
32X
tails I du odifier une mage
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of:
National Library of Canada
The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications.
L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit gr&ce d la g6n6rosit6 de:
Bibliothdque nationale du Canada
Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat oe filmage.
Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression.
Les exemplaires originaux dont \ii couverture en papier est imprimde sont filmds en commen^ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenyant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —^-(meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN".
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method:
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds A des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode.
Trata to
pelure, nd
n
32X
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
i |
2 |
3 |
|
4 |
5 |
6 |
T
I
'i •
IFrom the Quarterly Joitrnal of the Geological Society for
May 1896, Vol. lii.]
On some PoDOPHinALMATOUs Crustacea from the Cretaceops Formation of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands. By Henry Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.
Some time since I received from my friend Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, F.G.S., PalsDontologist to the Geological Survey of Canada, several interesting crustaceans from the Cretaceous coal-bearing formation of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands, and, as they offer a close affinity VT^ith forms from our own Gault and Greensand, they are deserving of special notice.
The existence of Cretaceous strata in Canada has long been known, and the coal-fields of Nanaimo and Comox on Vancouver Island have been correlated with this formation as well as those of Queen Charlotte Island and Alberta, eastward of the Rocky Mountains.
Mr. F. B. Meek in 1857 gave a description of new organic remains from the Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, including Bacu- lites ovatus ? Say ; Ammonites (ScapJiites) ramosus^ A. Newherryanus, Dentalium nanaimoensis, Thracia{^.) occidentalis, Thr.(2) subtrun- cata, Trigonia Evansana, Pholadomya suhelongata. Ph. (Goniomya) borealis, Cardium scitulum, Area vancouverensis, A. {Cuculltxa) a>qui- lateralis, and Nucula Trashana. Dr. B. F. Shumard in 1858 added Inoceramus vancouverensis, Pinna calamitoides, and Pyrula glabra to the Nanaimo fauna.
In Prof. H. Y. Hind's * Report on the Assiniboine and Sas- katchewan Expedition ' (1859) further lists of fossils are given, 13 in number, all referred to Cretaceous forms, namely : —
Anomia Flemingii. Inoceramus canadensis. Avicula linguaformis, E. & S.
nehrascaiui, E. & S.
Leda Evansi, Hall & Meek. Rostellaria amerkana, E. & S. Natica obliquaia. Hall & Meek.
Leda Hindi, Meek. Avellana concinna, II. & M. Ammonites placenta, Dekay. Scaphites nndosus, Owen, var.
Conradi, Morton.
Nautilus Dekayi, Morton.
In 1861 Dr. (now Sir) James Hector instituted a comparison between the strata east of the Rocky Mountains with those of Vancouver Island (Capt. Palliser's Exploring Expedition, 1857-60).' The list of Cretaceous fossils contributed by Mr. Etheridge from east of the Rocky Mountains comprised : —
Ostrea anomiceformis.
luguhris, Conrad.
cortex, Conrad.
vellicata, Conrad.
Astarte texana, Conrad. Cardium multhtriatum, Shumard. Cytherea texana, Conrad. Pholadomya occidentalism Morton. Baculites compressus, Say.
* Inoceramus Crippsii, Roemer & C . Leda Hindi, Meek.
* Inoceramus Crippsii (Roemer) and Baculites compressus (Say) are stated to be common to the Cretaceous rocks of the plains and of Vancouver Islaud ; while of the whole 18 species no less than 13 are identified with Texan or Mexican species.
» Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvii. (1861) pp. 388-445.
222 DR. n. WOODWABD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPHTHALMATA [May 1 896,
Those from Nanaimo, Coraox, or Valdez Inlet are : —
Iiwceramu^ texanus, Conrad.
nebrajveitsis, Owen.
undulatoplicatus, Eoemer.
confertim anmUatus, Roemer.
Inoceramns mytiloidcs, Conrad. Triffonia Kmoryi, Conrad. Cytherea honensis, Coni-ad. Ammonites gcniculatus, Conrad.
In 18G1 Mr. Meek (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol. xiii. p. 314) added to the list of Cretaceous fossils from Vancouver Dosinia tenuis^ from Nanaimo ; Inoceramus sulnmdatus^ Baculites occidentalism Ammonites vancouvereiisis, and Nautilus CamphelU, from Comox ; Ammonites complext(s, var. suciensis, from Comox and the Sucia Islands ; and Baculites inomatus, from the Sucia Islands.
In 1864 Mr. W. Gabb, in vol. i. of the ' Paleontology of Cali- fornia,' described and figured two new species of fossil shells, namely : — Hamites vancouverensis and Pecten Traskii from Nanaimo. For an admirable summary of our knowledge of ' the Cretaceous System of Canada,' see the Presidential Address to the Koyal Society of Canada by J. F. Whiteaves, Section iv.. May 23rd, 1893, pp. 3- 19 (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada).
I find that it is impossible here to give a full list of all the fossils obtained from these beds, and I have omitted the fossils of the upper series of deposits entirely, as also the plant-remains.
Besides the moUusca, a decapod crustacean (named but not described as Hoploparia or Podocrastes ? duhnenensis) has been recorded from the Niobrara-Benton group of Manitoba — a long- tailed decapod (Palceastacus) from the Pierre Fox Hills or Montana formation, and a beetle, Hylohites vretaceus, Scudder, from the Pierre Shales, Millwood, Manitoba.
The species of Crustacea now to be noticed comprise : —
1. Several examples of a small macrurous decapod belonging to the genus Callianassa, met with very frequently in the Faxoe Beds, the Maestricht Chalk, the Greensand of Colin Glen, Belfast : * and also from lower beds (C isochela)^ Kimeridge Clay of the Sub- wealden boring ; and from higher and later ones, namely, Callia- nasm Batei^ Upper Marine Series, Hempstead, Isle of Wight.
This is a small burrowing crustacean, and is found living at tho present day; usually only the chelae are obtained in dredging, owing to the animal lying in its burrow, and the hands alone pro- truding from the aperture.
The body- (thoracio-abdominal) segments are nearly soft, owing to the animal's constant habit of lying concealed, only the hands having a hardened calcareous covering.
^ CaUianassa veocomiensis, H. Woodw. Brit. Assoc. Eep. (Norwich) 1868, p. 75, pi. ii. fig. 5.
^ C. iwchela, H. Woodw. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxii. (1876) p. 47, pi. xxxii. fi^s. 1 2.
3 C. Batei, H. Woodw. Brit. Assoc. Rep. (Norwich) 1868, p. 74, pi. ii. fig. 4.
Vol. 52.]
FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA.
223
I. MACRURA.
Tribe Thalassinidea.
Family Callianassida?.
Genus Caelianassa, Leach, 1814.
1. Callianassa Whiteavesii^ sp. nov. (Figs. 1 »fe 2.)
General integument of body extremely thin, or semimembranous, except the first pair of foot, which are protected by a hard covering.
Anterior feet (chelipeds) very unequal ; length of larger limb 3i) millim. ; breadth 9 millim. ; the dactylus is straight, and is 9 millim. long, but the fixed thumb of the propodos is rudimentary and stout, being only half as long as the movable finger. Length of smaller hand about 20 millim. Surface of hands faintly wrinkled.
There are indications of the segments of the abdomen and Fig. 1.
of the thin integument with which they were covered, also of the small thoracic legs, but they are too much broken up for detailed description.
In this species from Van- couver Island the fixed thumb of the propodos is shorter than in any of the species hitherto recorded, and the movable finger (dactylus) is straightcr.
The species is smaller than that from the Chalk of Dulmen, Westphalia, or from Maestricht, or Belfast. I have designated it Callianassa ^V7liteavesii, in honour of my friend Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, who has done so much for the elucidation of the Cretaceous formation in Canada.
Original specimens preserved in concretionary nodules of Cre- taceous age from Comox River, Vancouver Island. Collected by Dr. C. F. Newcombe (1892). Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
A nodule from Vancouver Island, in the Geological Society's Museum, contains the remains of the large hands of C<illiaiiassa Wliiteavesii. A second nodule from the same collection contains the carapace of Plagiolophus vaucouvcrensis.
Fig 2.
224 DR. H, WOODWABD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPBTHALMATA [May 1 896,
II. BRACHYURA— ANOMALA. Family Homolidse.
Genus Homolopsis, Bell.
Carapace longer than broad, quadrilateral ; regions of carapace vorj' distinct ; branchial region large, triangular ; orbits close together, frontal region rather produced ; front subrotund.
2. Homolopsis Michardsoni, sp. nov. (Fig. 3.)
This interesting little crab was obtained by Mr. James Eichardson in 1872 from Skidegate Inlet, west of Alliford Bay, Queen Charlotte Island, and is preserved in a hard black limestone-nodule containing plant-remains. Portions of the limbs still remain in their normal position, showing that it was entire when originally buried in the matrix.
Length of carapace 20 millim., greatest breadth 17 millim. ; breadth of posterior border 14 millim. ; breadth across hepatic region 14 millim.
The carapace is broadly quadrilateral, but pointed in front ; the branchial regions extend to fully one half the length of the carapace ; they are roughly
Fig. 3.
triangular in shape, and nearly meet on the middle line behind the cardiac re- gion ; cardiac region small, shield-shaped, but elevated ; metagastric region marked by two small prominences ; hepatic regions prominent. Two very distinct and almost parallel furrows, the bran- chial furrow and cervical or hepatic furrow, diverge from the sides of the cardiac and metagastric regions
obliquely forward towards the lateral margins of the carapace. Two deep submedian furrows mark the frontal portion of the cephalo- thorax, reaching to the rostrum, where they converge on the central line. Two small spines (or other appendages) project (as in the genus Latreillia) from the rostrum on either side.
The hinder border is extremely wide and straight, and suggests the broad margin for the attachment of the tail as in the females of all the Anomala, in which section the abdomen is only partially concealed beneath the cephalothorax.
The surface of the carapace, which is tumid, is coarsely and irregularly covered with small rounded tubercles, which are larger on the gastric and hepatic regions.
The walking-legs were evidently long and fairly large, and the chelipeds curved and tubcrculatcd as in Homola.
Vol. 52.]
FROM BRITl^a COLUMBIA.
225
This species has many points of resemblance to Reuss's Prosopon verrucosum, from which, however, it differs in the greater anterior breadth of lleuss's specimen, and in the form of the rostrum and arrangement of the furrows upon the gastric and cardiac regions. Reuss's P. verrucosum should probably be placed in Bell's genus Homolopsis.
In Homolopsis Edwardsii, Bell, from the Gault of Folkestone, the frontal border is broader and the carapace more quadrate than in the North American form, which is pointed in front ; the anterior half of the carapace in If, Edwardsii is more coarsely ornamented with fewer and larger tubercles, and the arrangement of the lobes differs considerably from that in H. Richardsoni.
I would refer this specimen to Homolopsis, and dedicate the species to the discoverer, Mr. James Richardson.
The specimen is from the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
Legion Oxystomata.
Family Corystidae.
Genus Pal^ocortstes, Bell.
In this genus the carapace is longer than broad, flattish, becoming narrower gradually towards the posterior border, rostrum short, latero-anterior border dentated. Orbits moderately broad, with two fissures.
The carapace in all the species of this genus at present known is similar to that of the masked crab, Corystes, now living on our English coasts.
3. Palceocorystes Harveyi, sp. nov. (Fig. 4, p. 226.)
The genus Palceocorystes, to which I have referred two of the specimens sent to me by Mr. Whiteaves, is well represented in the Gault, Greensand, Chalk, and Eocene.
Thus we have : —
Palaocan/stes Broderipii, Mantell, sp. ; Gault, Folkestone.
Stokesii, Mantell, sp. ; Gault and Greensand, Cambridge and
Folkestone.
iVormaww, Bell ; Chalk Marl, Isle of Wight.
Miilleri, Bink ; Upper Chalk, Maestricht.
Callia7iassarum, Fritsch ; Chalk, Bohemia,
isericus, Fritsch ; Chalk, Bohemia.
glabra, H. W. ; Lower Eocene, Portsmouth.
Eucorystes Carteri, M'Coy ; Greensand, Cambridge.
Both the specimens from Canada are imperfect. One of them (No. 2) shows the anterior upper surface of the carapace, the other (No. 3) the posterior upper surface. From these we are able to make the following diagnosis : —
Specific characters. Length of carapace 35 millim., from the rostrum to the broken posterior border (to this we must probably
226 DR. n. WOODWARD ON CRETACEOUS PODOPHTHALMATA [May 1 896,
Fig. 4.
add 15 millim. more, making the total length from the rostrum to the posterior border of the cara- pace 50 millim.) ; greatest breadth across the hepatic region 37 millim.
(No. 2 was collected by Mr. W. Harvey, Comox River, Vancouver Island, 1892; No. 3 by Dr. C. F. Newcombo.)
Carapace smooth and gently convex in front, and very finely and minutely granulated. Latero-anterior border armed with four serrations on each side, frontal border marked by one prominent and one smaller tooth on either side of the small oifid rostrum, while two fissures mark the margin of each orbit. Under surface of carapace not exposed.
The regions of the carapace are very indistinct ; two slightly divergent raised lines about 5 millim. in length mark the frontal region just behind the rostrum, and there is a faint ridge down the centre of the carapace. A small tubercle on either side, behind the frontal region, marks the epigastric lobe. A faint curved and bifurcating line separates the gastric from the cardiac regions, while two slightly rugose and incised lines curve outward and forward from the central cardiac region, marking the limits of the branchial region on either side.
Of the several species of Palccocwystes known, the present form, "which I have ventured to call F. Harveyi after its discoverer, approaches most nearly to P. Broderipii from the Gault of Folke- stone, but is probably one-third larger. The latero-anterior border of the former (P. Harveyi) has four spines on each side, whilst P. Broderipii has only two. The orbital regions difier in form, as well as the markings on the regions of the carapace.
We must await more complete materials before attempting a fuller and more careful description ; meantime it is interesting to meet with a species from so distant a locality which apppoaches so nearly to our own Gault species P. Broderipii.
Formation. — Cretaceous. Localities. — Hornby Island (No. 2); and Comox River, Vancouver Island (No. 3).
No. 2 belongs to the Provincial Museum, Victoria, Vancouver Island ; No. 3 belongs to the Geological Survey of Canada.
Legion Ctclometopa.
Family Cancridae.
Genus Plagiolophus, Bell.
In this genus the carapace is transversely ovate, the regions of the cephalothorax arc distinctly marked, front somewhat prominent,
Vol. 52.] PROM BRITIsn COLTTMBIA. 227
the oyos subdistant, superior border of the orbits with two fis- sures, etc.
4. Plaglolophus vancouverens'is, sp. nov. (Figs. 5 & 0.)
This crab is represented by four specimens, throe of which I received from Mr. Whiteaves, and the remaining one is preserved in the Museum of the Geological Society.
The carapaces vary in size from : —
Milliniptres
long. brood.
1. Geological Society's specimen 22 28
2. From Comox lliver, Vancouver Island
(fig. 5) 20 25
3. N.W. side, Hornby Island 16 20
4. N.W. side, Hornby Island (fig. G) . . 10 13
No. 1 and No. 2 are | broader than long, No. 3 is l^, and No. 4 is 5 broader than long.
The frontal border is straight ; the rostrum is bifid, with two small rounded elevations divided by a groove ; the orbital region is smooth and but little indented ; the lateral borders are very gently rounded, the posterior border is nearly straight. The cardiac and metabranchial lobes, the metagastric and epibranchial lobes, and the two mesogastric lobes form three almost parallel lines across the carapace, giving it a very unicjue linear arrangement ; there are also two much smaller lobes, one behind each of tlie orbits, flunked laterally by a small tubercle, and a small rounded tubercle on each epibranchial lobe ; the lateral border was bluntly dentated.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
When not waterworn (as in specimen No. 4), the surface of the carapace is in parts very finely granulated.
These specimens are very distinct, but without more materials I should not feel justified in separating them gr^nerically. I prefer rather to place them in Bell's genus Plagiolophus, which was proposed to receive P. Wetherelli, from the London Clay of Sheppey.
228
CRETACEOUS PODOPHTnALMATA.
[May 1896.
Tho same species — described under the narae of OhfphitJiyreus ajjinis (Ileuss)— was figured and described by lleuss neariy at tho same date, lleuss also adds another species, Olyphithyreus for- mosus, Iteuss, from the Upper Cretaceous of Mecklenburg.
I feel satisfied to leave these Vancouver Island crabs in this genus, and to designate them by the trivial name of vancouvererms.
Two specimens were collected on the north-western side of Hornby Island, and one on Comox River, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The locality of tho Geological Society's specimen is not marked, but it is from Vancouver Island.
Nos. 3 and 4, from Hornby Island, belong to the Provincial Museum of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
No. 2 specimen shows traces of limbs, and the flattened propodos of a chelate fore-arm 13 miUim. long x 8 millim. broad.
f
'?