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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. irrata to pelure, n d n 32X 1 2 3 ! 1 2 3 4 5 6 ! !i78 Scicnt'ijic Intdligcnn 'I ; a cently publislied, contains ilH genera of Fuiii^i, liiclienSj lii/ssacew, ;uul Al^w; four great groups, which he arranges in two classes, Fungi, anc\ A\a;x.. The Lichens he considers as aerial Algw. ii. k. i;. IV. (JEXEUAL SCIKXCE. 34. N'otice respecting Air Scolder's and Mr Dovglas's recent Voi/age to the Nurtk-Test Coast of America, — We mentioned in the number of our Jonrnal for November 1825, the departure of JNIr Scouler and Mr Douglas for the North- West Coast of America, and under what circumstances they went. We are enabled, through JMr Scouler, who has lately returned, to give a slight sketch of this voyage. They embarked in a Hudson's Hay Company's ship at Gravesend on the S5th of July 182i, and arrived at Madeira on the 12th of August, where they spent two days in collecting plants and insects. At Uio de Janeiro they remained a fortnight, experiencing the utmost kindness from the in- habitants, especially from the English residents, and revelled in a tropical vegetation. From Brazil they proceeded round Cape Horn to the Island of Juan Fernandez, where they landed, and found inhabited only by a few adventurers, who make a livelihood by killing and curing the cattle, which are so plentiful there. All that remains of the Spanish colony, besides these cattle, are the battery and the church ; for the place is scarcely visit- ed by strangers, now that Valparaiso is thrown open by the independence of Chili. Thence they sailed to the Gallapagos, uninteresting in a commer- cial point of view, but abounding in natural, especially animal productions, which would merit much greater attention than our naturalists were able to bestow upon them. The mouth of the Columbia was the place to which they next steered their course ; but the weather they encountered on ap- proaching the coast of California was more changeable than any they had experienced in the former part of their voyage ; and after six weeks of very severe storms, they at lejigth came to an anchor in Baker's Bay, Columbia River, on the 8th of April 1825. As they had seen no natives during the first day of their arrival, they made a short excursion into the neighbour- ing woods, proceeding to the distance of some miles in a northerly direc- tion, but still without seeing even the traces of Indians. The plant here which first attracted their attention, was the Gaultheria Shallun, crowned with its beautiful roseate flowers. From seeds of this plant, gathered as well by i\!r Douglas as by i\Ir Scouler, individuals have been raised, per- haps for the first time in Britain, at the Botanic Garden at Glasgow. On the second day their impatient curiosity was gratified by the arrival of se- veral canoes with Indians. These were, all of them, of moderate height, and few had straight limbs ; they had high cheek-bones and flat heads, whilst many of the children were still bandaged about the heads with the boards which, by constant pressure upon the infant's skull, gives it that peculiar form which is characteristic of the principal families of the coun- try. The dress of the people consisted of a broad sugar-loaved shaped hat, painted with different colours, and, for a cloak, their only covering, a robe made of the skins of a species of marmot, reaching from their shoulders to their ancles. This robe is common to the women as well as to the men ; i General Sc'iauc 379 1 -Tf but thoi» the tbnner liail the aildition of a straw petticoat, wliidi (leHceiuU'(l below the knee. The few wlio had European dresses seemed very uncom- fortable in their new costume. From these people, however, no information could be obtained ; nor till the afternoon of the same day, when a more intelligent visitor arrived, who was one of the company's Canadian servants, with whom, on the follow- ing day, they proceeded to Fort Georj^e, where they experienced every de- gree of attention from the governor, Mr ArLellaii. Hence it was ihatAir Douglas made a voyage up the river to a new establishment, Fort Vancou- ver, 80 miles from the sea. He was followed soon after by 31 r Scouler, together with a party from the Fort, consisting chiefly of French, Cana- dians, and Iroquois, in the company's service, and occupying five canoes. They encamped the tirst lught of the voyage upon a low marshy spot, which is annually inundated by the river, and where a beautiful water- snake waa killed, a species of Hydrophis, in whose stoma ^'h was found a large bull-frog, with the elytra of a fine species of Dytiscus. Every where ihe banks of the river were tolerably thickly inhabited by a people who never till the ground, and who subsfist almost entirely by fishing. On the second day, the voyagers passed the famous Indian place of in- terment, nanied by Captain Vancouver Mount Coffin, and by the Canadi- ans Rochers dcs Moris. These rocks, from which the place derives its name, appeared to be the cemetery, if one may so call it, of an extensive district. Owing to the dread, as well as the respect, which the Indians en- tertain for their deceased friends, they are accustomed to deposit them at a considerable distance from their dwellings. Here their bodies were pla- ced in canoes upon the rocks, covered by boards fixed down with cords, and further secured by having great stones placed upon them. In the canoes were lodged many articles belonging to the deceased, particularly domestic utensils, as being their most valuable articles. Fort Vancouver they found to be situated in a fertile prairie, abounding in many curious plants; and at this season (^May) extensive tracts of coun- try were almost covered with the blue ilowers of the F/ial(ini>iu7ii esculen- ium of Nuttall, called kamass by the native?, with whom it 's a favourite- article of food. The plant a good deal resembles the common field hya- cinth of our country. The root is about the same size, and, when roasted, has an agreeable and sweet taste. In botanizing in this agreeable spot, they were charmed with the little Calijpso borea/i.s, and the graceful Lin~ nwa bormlis, both of which are well known to be equally common in the northern parts of the continent of Europe. After this excursion, Mr Douglas made preparations for a journey into the interior as far as the falls of the Columbia. In the month of June, I\Ir Scouler proceeded in the ship to the north- ward, visiting Queen Charlotte's Island, as well as Observatory Inlet. The Indians of these places speak a language totally different from that of the Columbian. tribes. As to person, they are nmch taller, and a more muscu- lar race of men than any the party had previously seen, and were far supe- rior to their brethren of the south, both in industry and intellect. Many of them could speak a little English, whicli they had learned by their in- 380 Scientific Intelligence. \* i\\ ('! tercourse with the American traders. Tlie disgusting custom of flattening the heads of their c)iildren was unknown here, but it was replaced by ano- ther equally strange, though confined to one sex only. The females had a large incision along their lower lip, in which they put an oval piece of wood, varying in size according to the degree of dilatation to which the wound has been subjected, so that it would seem as if some acquired de- formity was necessary to complete the character of savage life. Previously to returning to the Columbia, the txpedition visited Nootka and De Fu- ca's Straits. At the former place, the suspicious character of the natives prevented our naturalists from spending nmch time on shore. It is really painful to reflect, that the only savage chief of this country perhaps now alive, who was brought into notice by Captain Cook, is one of the most daring characters upon the coast. So late as the year IrtlG, this individual succeeded in capturing an American vessel, of which he murdered the cap- tain and all the crew except two individuals, who, after several years' cap- tivity, escaped on board a vessel which accidentally visited Nootka. This chief well remembers ]\Ir Mears and Captain Vancouver, and even speaks with gratitude of them. INIaquina, a well-known character, is a stout healthy old man, but is still the same importunate beggar that former visitors had found him to be. His tribe indeed is now seldom visited by traders, on account of the hostile character he acquired, and the poverty of the place, yielding very few furs. The straits of De Fuca, and the gulf of Georgia, are still more rarely visited. The natives bear a considerable resemblance both to those of Nootka and of the Columbia. Their language is similar ; and they adopt the custom of flattening the heads of their children. They appeared to our navigators to be a peaceable and hospitable race, occupying both sides of the coast in considerable numbers, and subsisting chiefly upon the hunchback salmon of Vancouver and Mackenzie, and upon a species of ha- libut. In the summer, they reside close by the water's edge, and there lay in a stock of dried salmon for their winter provision. They migrate in- to the interior about the latter end of the month of August, and return to the shore in the month of April. On returning to the Columbia, Mr Scouler jgain saw IMr Douglas, who had made the most successful journey to the falls of the Columbia, at a distance of 250 miles from the coast. During this interesting route, he had the good fortune to detect, besides several new plants, the greater num- ber of those found by Lewis and Clarke. This indefatigable young man, still under the auspices of the Horticultural Soiicty of London, is fulfilling the mifjsion of that valuable institution, by returning over land to the east coast of America. During the remainder of Mr Scouler's rjsidence upon the North-West Coast, his attention was not wholly occupied by the bota- ny and zoology of the country : he lost no opportunity of acquiring as com- plete a knowledge, as the nature of the circumstances would allow, of the manners and customs of the Indians ; add to wliieh he collected many ar- ticles of curiosity, such as the dresses, arms, domestic utensils, skulls of the natives, and a well-preserved mummy. A more full account of the voyage of this zealous naturalist will bo given in the present and sncrredinp: numbers of our Journa/. i