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Les diagrammes suivants lliustrei;[; It may not be out of place here to stale my opinion, that the low price of the Crown Lands, instead of tending to settle the Country, is really productive of a very opposite effect, so far as inducing Emigrants of any capital to proceed to New Brunswick. Little is known of this Province in Britain beyond the fact of its exporting large quantities of Timber, and having to depend almost entirely for its bread stuffs upon a foreign country. It can therefore be scarcely expected ' that any of the surplus Agricultural population, possessing any capital, should resort hither. We have no Agents in any of the Shipping Ports, or elsewhere, to explain to the people that we have millions of acres of excellent land in a healthy climate, open for their exertions. . ,,. ; It would almost appear that we require no addition to our Agricultural wealth, and that our prosperity is insured so long as the Lumber Merchant can keep his British creditor contented, by shipments of Timber and Deals. To whatever extent the Province m^ in years past have benefited, (and I fully admit that benefit has accrued to a certain extent,) yet to make that trade our sole depen- dence, is in my humble opinion, folly in the extreme. It is with the view therefore of enabling the Executive Government to develope the Agricultural resources of the Province, that I have so far ventured to dilate upon the capabi- : lities of New Brunswick. As I before observed, we have eight millions of acres of good Land to be turned to account. The question would naturally present itself, How are we to raise funds to improve this domain.^ I should say that there could be no difficulty in raising one or two hundred thousand pounds upon security of this very Estate^ en and by the judicious expenditure of that money, ttie v&Iae of the Whole cotlld be so increased as to enable the Province to repay the debt and interest. ''^ ^j^.u-m The Timber Licences for the past year, and which will expire on 1st May next, cover an area of 2,167 square miles, at an average rate of I6s. SJd. per mile, producing to the end of the year £1,992 8s. The highest rate paid for any one lot was £20 Is. per square mile, being a Licence for nine square mil^s, situate on the left bank of the River Saint Croix, about 26 miles above Saint Stephen. The quantity of Land under Licence iii 1847, was 6,360 square miles, which produced the sum of £3,585 7 9, the highest price paid per square mile being £5, the whole quantity averaging only 10s. 5|d. per square mile. By the above Your Excellency will perceive that the system of Auction has this past year produced some beneficial results, having increased the rate from lOs. jj to 16s. S^d. per square mile, although only 68 lots were contested. The Export Duty Act, intended to alleviate all the evils under which the Province suffered, has, to a great extent, proved highly injurious to the Trade. The Auction system in previous years has only been so in name, as the cases are rare where the Revenue has derived any benefit therefrom; and as in the per- formance of my official duty, I never could reconcile it to my ideas of common sense, that 640 acres of well Timbered Land should be permitted to be worked over for twelve months for 10s., so I have always considered that a most pernicious stimulant was thereby given to the speculator in the Lumber Trade. The simple question may be asked, would any man in his senses so dispose of his private property, and if not, why should the Public Lands be so dealt with.' The Lumber Trade should not be the only branch of industry receiving such protection, which, in practice, has proved injurious by enticing into the woods a J larger amount of men and money than the Market could possibly remunerate. jl I pray Your Excellency's pardon for these remarks, which, perhaps, may be considered as inconsistent with the subordinate duties required of a Surveyor General, but I wish to raise my humble voice, now that the opportunity ofiers, of correcting the evil ; for past experience has convinced me, that should such an improvement take place in the Lumber Market at Home as would present the least prospect of profit, vast numbers of persons would again rusn into the woods, in the vain hope of recovering what they had lost. Again the Market would be overstocked; and again the same results would occur. Independent of the prejudicial effects of the Export Duty Act, it is unjust in its operation, for whatever may be the intrinsic value of the commodity, the duty is the same. If therefore the Export Duty is still to continue, I cannot but hops that some more equitable scale may be established; for while the large Square Timber could well bear a much higher rate, the Deals can hardly pay even six pence per thousand superficial feet of one inch thick, ••'■i ■ .-'-^f- " Numerous objectiotis have been raised against the roantter in which the Crown Estate was managed previous to the year 1837. A reference to the accompany- ing Statement of Receipts for the last twenty years, will at least show that the Revenue for the first nine years, viz : from 1st January, 1829, to 81st December, 1837, amounted to £203,719, while that derived from the same source for the eleven subsequent years, has onl^ reached the sum of £145,357. The Mining transactions of this Department may be stated to be twenty three I Leases now extatit, viz : — One in Gloucester, four in Carleton, two in York, two in Sunbury, si^ in Queens\ one in Northumberland, two in Kent, one in Saint Jdhn, one in Westmorland, one in Albert, arid tWo in Charldtte. The whole I halve realized the sum of £366 lOs. Two rights only were sold during the last yeir, on^ for ^36 and the other for i£5. AH th^e Leases are held strtiject J to the Regulations wliich exited at Ifae i&rtnl f«friOds \^hOn th«y i^r^te taken otit. (5) '1 'M"w).v'a(P",«H^i w I believe the Province of New Brunswick possesses vast wealth in her Minerals, and that in the course of several years, a large Revenue will be derivable from that source. Coal and Iron of the be3t quality, as also Flumbago, Salt and Silver, have already been discovered, and only require the application of capital to work them to advantage. But I respectfully state my opinion, that for the next fifteen or twenty years, the utmost liberality should be extended to those who are willing to commence such enterprises; and I cannot conceal my belief that if the owners of all granted Lands in the Province were allowed five years in which to make discovery of any Minerals within their respective Grants, and permitted the right or pre-emption of taking out a Lease for one hundred years upon certain conditions, that it would prove highly beneficial to the Province, and be received as a boon by the grantees of ths Crown; as serious complaints are made by these people that the Crown should lease the Minerals of their Land, not considering that this right of the Crown is expressly reserved in the Grants under which their titles are derived. Although the Revenue collected for the past year does not equal that of former periods, yet the whole result of the proceeds of the Casual axxd Territorial Revenues from 1837 to the end of 1847, I am happy to say leaves the Province nothing to complain of, but really exhibits a balance in favor of the Province after the payment of the Civil List, as will appear by the annexed Statement taken from* authentic documents ; neither can I entertain the slightest doubt that, under proper management, the Territorial Revenue of the Province would be far more than equivalent to the sum granted for the Civil List. Herewith also I have the honor to transmit the detailed Accounts of this Department for the past year, which I trust will prove satisfactory. I have the honor to be ' ' . lu ■ /'fV. '" "^ ,' Your Excellency's most obedient humble servant, -C^^'lv/i. .";!l!,h>..;. ■;,.:' .v, i\ .,. ; f . THOS. .BAILLIE, Sur. Gm, Hit EzMlWaej Sir Edmund W. Head, Bart. Littttenant Qovarnor, t(c. Itc. kc. .'.iti'i' UU^ a: r.il H ■• r,!;!ii- • I > • • " >•' ■}6uVy^r;ix i ,' 1 i\ :'. : / M;' i..^ ■,>•; .'IIJ., ; / i/ . ;., V ' i ■^> f:£r:r';->([5 vK't]';?} ■ -■ f.' '.i ''.isv;' r-nfff}'*^ '»f5'pjt*ff ■^fti'lNif'^l -li-TiH:! 'U' aimi'B ■* ■ r- v;-'' / ■•■'.u --'.i fT'^'^'-f- ^i-'^l- («) idi'^ ,tA ■I iiti.. , i/j if'\i<(#^{l<>'f^' ft' k/' .ft «' .'^.fvi'i't^ ''V'! f>'i'*"ifi(^ T I MJ "*^' Circular to Deputies respecting the formation of Roads, *•'*' i.ur o, I ,.. ,, , ,. . ', .„ .. . Settlements, &c. ■^ ■ *■' • ^' ' Crown Land OJice, 16M iVbuemier, 1848. Sir, — The importance of greater attention being paid to Agriculture in this Province has now become so apparent, tliat I consider it my duty to subiLit to the Executive Government the propriety of opening up various parts of the coun- try for settlement. The practice which has prevailed for some years past, of allowing every person to select his own Land, without reference to any general plan or system by which the country at large would be benefited, in the forma- tion of Roads to connect the different Settlements, has always oppeared to me very objectionable. While using my best endeavours, liowever, to supersede a system which 1 consider so pernicious, it may be considered my duty to suggest some more bene- ficial plan. My experience has taught me, that in connecting, by Roads passing through good Land, two or more Settlements already formed, you add to their prosperity — induce the occupation of the intermediate space — and give a superior charac- ter to the whole. I am desirous, therefore, of receiving from you recommendations having those objects in view ; and in doing r o, you will state particularly the Settlements you propose to connect ; the length ot Roads necessary for that purpose ; the quality of the Land ; and the probable expense to be incurred in making the connections ; with the number and extent of the Bridges which will be necessary, and the probable cost of construction. In order to identify your interest with your recommendation, I beg to inform you, thdt should you be employed to make the survey of any number of lots of Land on such lines of proposed Road, I should recommend that you would not receive pay for your services until oj-e half of the Lots should be taken up. In forwarding recommendations of this nature, I do not think it necessary that the Roads you propose should be in a straight line from one Settlement to another, because I consider the quality of the Land the primary object, and to that, of course, you will pay particular attention. I also wish that you note, at the same time, any other good tracts of Land which you can recommend, and which you think, if surveyed, would soon be occupied. 1 should wish to receive these suggestions from you by the 20th of December aext. I have, &c. (Signed) THOMAS BAILLIE, Sur Gen. KING'S COUNTY. Deputy Fairweather's Report. Springfietdy 8th December, 1848. Honorable Sir, — In obedience to your Circular of the 1 6th ultimo, I beg leave to transmit you the following Report thereon :— Your views relative to the importance of a greater attention to Agriculture in this Province, and your su'^gestions of a more beneficial plan of settling Crown Land, I perfectly comcide v> ith. The connecting, by Roaas passing through good Land, two :-^ more Settlements, is of vital importance to the new Settler — is the mainspring of encouragement to occupy and settle the intermediate space, even If the Land, in part, should be of an inferior quality. by (7) Kini;*s County does not embrace any large tracts of good Land unoccupied ; the largest tract lies between the Road formerly opened between the Head of Mill Stream and New Canaan Settlement and Spring Hill Settlement ; there is good Land on both sides of tliis Road ; the distance between those Settlements is about 8 miles, and embraces Thorn's Brook, &c. &o. In many parts of this tract there is good Land for gricultural purposes, and in other parts the Land is of an inferior quality ^ but there can be no doubt, that in case those Settlements were connected by good Roads, eventually the whole would be occupied. There is also some good Land between the Baskin Settlement, north east of Dutch Valley, and the Mechanics' Settlement. As I have never explored this section of country, all the information I possess is derived from other sources. 1 am also informed there is good Land north east of the old Shepody Road, and also south east thereof, extending nearly to the Bay Sliore, but I am unable to give any correct statement thereof. ,. .,, , ,,; , ;.,, W "nr Wr t . : ,'i All of which is respectfully submitted, &c. ? (Signed) SAMUEL FAIRWEATHER, Local Deputy/, Ktng^s. Honorable Thomas Baillie, Surveyor General, &c. &c. &c. i/.f\i / SAINT JOHN. Saint Johti, 29th November, 1848. Deputy Cunningham's Report. Sin, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Circular letter of the 16th instant, to which I now proceed to reply. At the eastern extremity of the County of Saint John a considerable Stream, called Goose River, empties into the Bay of Fundy ; at its mouth there is a good Harbour, well sheltered, where vessels can lie at all times in perfect safety. There is in this harbour an admirable site for Shipbuilding, and it would form a good station for prosecuting the Fisheries in its vicinity. I propose that a Road should be laid out from this harbour, up the Valley of Goose River, and wholly on the western side of that River, to the southern range of Lots in the Mechanics' Settlement. From the Harbour to a point on the Shepody Road, where my survey in 1842 connected with that Road, is about 12 miles, in which distance no Bridge would be necessary. After leaving the sea coast the Road would pass along a table land, covered with heavy timber, and possessing a deep soil of good quality. The country is well watered, and in every respect fit for settlement and cultivation. At about half the distance from the Bay to the Shepody Road, the Road I propose would intersect and cross a new Road running easterly from the Lon- donderry Settlement to Shepody, and a communication would thus be opened with both those Settlements. The proposed Road would be of great advantage to the Mechanics' Settlement, by opening a short and easy communication with the sea, at a safe harbour. In the southern ranges of the Mechanics' Settlement, the best land in that Set- tlement is to be found ; b«t very little of it has yet been taken up, owing to the want of access ; as this fine tract would be laid open by the proposed Road, it would soon be sold and settled, while the whole Settlement would be benefited in every way. I may mention, that I recently left the Harbour of Saint John at 10 o'clock, A. M., in a pilot boat, and with a moderate breeze reached the anchorage at Goose River at 6 P. M. - v : ^ia^KiT<;Kfisrjjii:i i^i^eijywt i,v/a'?v«uj;fp«*» piwr^-**.'- i^^ (6) m ■ . t The advantage of such a water cotamutiication between the Ci«;y of Saint John and the Mechanics' Settlement, as Well as with all the test of th^ Wilderness country in its vicinity, cannot be too highly appreciated. ' • ' I have reason to believe that a similar line of Road from the Month df PoiAt Wolfe River, up the Valley of that River, to the interior, might be laid out With great advantage, but as it is not within my District, I merely allude to it. There is considerable vacant Land at the western extremity of this County ad yet alrtioSt unexplored and unknown. As there are no Settlements with Which it could be connected adv ntageously, 1 am Unable at present to make any recommendation respecting it. My experience in Land Surveying leads me to concur most fully in your views of the most objectionable practice of permitting individuals to select Land Under Warrants of Survey after the fashion now in use. Instances have come under my notice, where a party, by selecting 100 acres of choice Intervale Land on the banks of a River or Stream, has so located it as to prevent the sale of any Land in the vicinity, or the formation of a Settlement in an eligible situation. The party thus securing the first 100 acres, virtually obtained the control of the whole District ; such practices cannot be reprehended too strongly. I have, &c. (Signed) JOHN CUNNINGHAM. The Hon. Thomas Baillie, Sur. Gen. i:m !5! ^ i I I ALBERT COUNTY. Deputy Stiles' Report. Hopewell, December 8, 1848. Sir,— In]conformity with your Honor's commands, respecting a Circular dated the 16th day of November, 1848 — There is no part of the County of Albert where a Road would be of more im- portance than from the Shepody Road, to commence near where the Road from Salmon River comes into the Shepody Road, and extending north to Coverdale River, a distance of about five or six miles, as the land is very level, and of an excellent quality for settling, and it would open a short and convenient commu- nication for all the Settlers in the Parish of Elgin to the County Buildings, and also to the Shepody River and Salmon River, where it is navigable for vessels all seasons in the year. There would be no Bridges of any consequence, or Very little swampy Land, and the Road might be made on a north line till it comes near the banlcs of the Coverdale, and the Lots laid out east and west ; and I ani of an opinion that this Road might be made for about £100 ; and if once opened, it would be immediately settled, and would be of more benefit than all that con- templated litie of Road from the Ferry Point to the Mechanics' Settlement. And as the Road :rom Hopev^ell to Hammond Riwr runs so near the heads of the Streams leading fiom the Bay Shore, to clear the vaults, that there is nothing to prevent running a number of Roads back on a north line to the Covetdale River, through a large level tract of Land, and the best Land for settling in the County ; and if Roads were once opened through thffe tract, I think it would be immediately settled, aS the Land to the north of the Road leading from Hopewell to Hammond River, near the Coverdale River, is far superior to the Land ion that Road ; and if laid out with Roads running north am' s^nth, would be ^uite convenient to Harbours on the Bay Shore, and won»d 'wnnect the Parish of Elgin to Harvey and Hopewell, and shorten the distance abeut 40 miles firom the Road no^ travelled round by Hillsborough, no CO ba th( CO; (9) The opening of a Road from Point Wolf, down the Bay Shore, to connect' with the Road leading up the Bay from Quaco, would open a Road to the Har- bours, and then by extending Roads noith between the Streams, would open Roads through a large tract of Wilderness Land, which, I think, would be shortly settled, as your Honor will see, by the Land on the Bay Shore from Roshea to Point Wolf, as fast as the Road is made down the Shore, it is immediately settled, as a great part of the Land is of good quality for settling. The old system of laying out Roads is for a few Settlers to go into the Wilder- ness, and take up their Land, and then mark out a Riad to the nearest Settle- ment they can get, and then call upon the Commissioners to establish the same, without any reference of opening Roads for other Settlers, when, if the Roads were properly laid out by the system proposed by your Honor, it would open Roads for other Settlers, and prevent the great waste in expending the public money by so many different alterations, as your Honor will see pointed out in my Report on Roads in February 1847.' 1 have, &c. (Signed) REUBEN STILES, Local Deputy. To the Hon. llianas Baillie, Sur. Gen., he. &o. &c. CARLETON COUNTY. Deputy Harley's Report. Grand Falls, December 20, 1848. The Honorable Thomas Baillie, Sir, — In reply to your Circular of the 13th November, I beg to acquaint you that I have endeavoured to obtain all the information that I possibly could, respecting the New Settlements of this locality — • 1st Settlement commences about 2 miles above the Grand Falls, on the easterly side of the River Saint John, on the 2nd and 3rd tier of Lots. 2nd Settlement, 6 miles above the Grand Falls. 3rd Settlement, 1 4 miles above the Grand Falls. 20 miles above the Grand Falls. 26 miles above the Grand Falls. 32 miles above the Grand Falls. 4th Settlement, 5th Settlement, 6tk Settlement, From the superior quality of the excellent tract of Country lying between the Ist and 4th Settlements, I have every reason to believe that the intermediate spaces will be taken up before twelve months. Frosi what I can learn, we shall have the greater part of young Frenchmen, (who are now living on the American side,) locating themselves on our back Settlements. The intervening Rivers between the Ist and 4th Settlements are the Sagasse and Grand River. To bridge Grand River would cost about £200, and Sagasse about £100; and opening 20 miles of Road from the Grand Falls to the 4th Settlement, 12 feet wide, from the roots of the trees upwards, would average about Is. 6d. ner perch, is equal to £480 for 20 miles. It would not bo necessary to bridge the above Rivers until the Lands were settled about three tiers deep. In all my tr^^velling through the interior of this Province, particularly in the north eastern part of it, I have not met with such a large tract of beautiful country as that lying between the Salmon River and Green River, extending back about from 10 to 15 miles, thence extending itself on a parallel course with the River Saint J ohn upwards r ^ 30 miles. A llo wing a fifth of this tract for waste Land, which may not be, pt jbably, fit for settlement, it would be capable of containing 2,300 families, giving to each family 100 acres. * * * ( 10) \\\ II If i^ ^l In order to afford a facility of improvement in this section of the country, it would be essentially necessary to bridge the main River Saint John, about 200 yards below the great pitch of the Grand Falls, the cost of which would be amply paid in a very short time by the sale of the Crown Lands, and the other additional revenues that would arise therefrom. # # ^ 1 have, &o. : ■ (Signed) MICHL. HARLEY, D. L. Surveyor. GLOUCESTER COUNTY. Deputy Carrutiiehs' Report. Bat/inrst, 8M December, 1848. Sir, — In reference to your Circular of 16th November last, the receipt of which I have the honor to acknowledge, I beg to state that the evils flowing from the present scatter'ng mode of settlement, and the benefits to be derived from concentration, have been generally admitted on all hands. The appropriations for Roads are generally found insufficient to complete the necessary communica- tion for any one new Settlement, vvhile partial attempts are made to many. This is found a great obstacle to the favorable progress of new Settlers. If a system of concentration be adopted in Gloucester, I would recommend the following tracts, as they possess the advantage of rich soil and convenience to market, viz: — A line of Road from Teague's Brook, connecting the Settlements on the Bay shore with the Settlement on the Innishannon Brook, and thence to the upper part of Caraquet Settlement, would pass through a fine rich tract of country, and if surveyed, would be speedily occupied. Distance from Teague's Brook to Smith's, on the Innishannon, 6 miles ; thence to the Caraquet Settlement about 7 miles. This Road, if opened, would form the great Road of Communication from Bathurst to the Ports of Caraquet and Shippegan. The Bridges required on this line would be sn)all in extent, three in number, and probable cost, £40. The Land extending south from the Innishannon, and the south branch of Caraquet to the Pockmouche River, are of a superior quality, and I think if a portion of them were surveyed, would soon be occupied. The Road leading from Smith's, on the Innishannon, to the Bay shore, passes through a good tract of Land, and if surveyed, would readily be occupied. A prolongation of the line of Road leading through the Rose Hill Settlement, on the south side of the Tattagouche River, would open up a fine tract of country, being only a short distance from the Town of Baihurst. If surveyed, this tract would be settled at once ; only one small Bridge would be required— cost, £6 to £8. A disposition seems general, to settle the District of Land stretching from the Nigado River to the Saint John's Settlement in rear of Green Point ; this is also a desirable tract of country, and doubtless would be speedily settled, if communication through it was opened up, distance four miles ; a Road night also connect this tract with the Bay shore, distance two miles. One bridge only would be required across the Elm Tree River— probable cost, £20. From the Anderson Settlement, in rear of Belle-dune, a Road may be extended to connect with the Settlements west of the Line dividing the Counties ; this would open up a good tract of Land, and induce to the settlement thereof-- distance 4 miles. A line of Road from Smith's, on the middle River, passing through block 12, range 14, on Little River, thence on to the Pabineau River; thence extending on towards the Big River of Nepisiquit, would open up an excellent tract of Country for Settlement. ( n ) j Good Roads equal to any in the Province, stumped, levelled, and properly thrown up, or turnpiked, 20 feet in width, can be made through all the aforesaid tract of Land, at the rate of from 3s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per rod. I would most respectfully suggest as the best mode to effect concentration, that Applicants for tjand should be confined to the Districts laid off for the purpose, by refusing the accommodation of paying by instalments all persons elsewhere. I am, &c. (Signed) iMATTHEW CARRUTHERS. The Honorable Thomas Buillie, Surveyor General, &o. &c. &c. SUN BURY COUNTY. Deputy C. L. IIathevvay's Report. Maugerville^ 5th November, 1848. The Hon. T. Baillie, Surveyor General, &c. Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Honor's Circular of the IGth November last, requiring information and recommendations of the best probable method of settling the ungranted Lands for i\gricultural purposes. Having been employed in surveying and exploring the Forest to a considerable extent for the last Jiirty nine years, and having from early life taken much interest in an improved system of Agriculture, I have witnessed with much regret the eflfect of that bad system, which you, by experience, have found so objectionable. J shall endeavour to conu.^.f' my recommendations to such as may be advan- tageously attended to for the future Agricultural interest of the Country, consistenily with its ordinary means. As the most of the surveys have been made along Streams which were only navigable for Timber driving, and the Lots laid out in a hasty manner to save expense, Surveyors have generally had but a limited means of acquiring a knowledge of the interior, or of the exact distance from one Settlement to the other, which is best ascertained by the condensed plans in the Surveyor General's Office. Roads through good Land will certainly facilitate the settlement of the Country ; but I have observed along some of the (irreat Roads barren Land has been settled, merely because there was a good Road to it, and afterwards abandoned on account of its sterility. The Road from the mouth of Nashwalk to Little River, is settled on the rear of the Lots of the old Grant, and some are settled on Lots more recently surveyed, while there is much better Land for settlement on the third tier of Lots back from the Road. From this Settlement, 1 would recommend a Road to be opened to the Peoniack Settlement, distant probably about 4 miles ; from the Penniack to Little River, distant, probably about eleven miles, ending at or near the Smith Settlement, at Hungry Brook, and nearly parallel to the present Great Road ; and to intersect this Road, I would recommend one from the Mii.son Little River to Bear Brook, probably about nine miles, and ultimately, to extend to the Fork Stream, between which and Bear Brook, is an excellent tract of Land for Agricultural purposes- Along these Roads, 1 would recommend laying out Lots of one hundred acres each, twenty chains in width, with frequent Roads along their Lines, where a second tier of Lots may be desirable. If one or all of these Roads were opened, these Lots would be purchased by industrious labourers, who would earn the means of purchasing the Land by labour on the Ro('«> ^v.- .- > ^> ,> ^v I have, &c. (Signed) J. G. G. LAYTON, Z>. ^s To the Hon, Thomas Baillie, Surveyor General, &c. i(c. &c. lai (21 ) T r Deputy Merzerall's Report. ^ '<• I ' ' RichibuctOy 15M December, 1848. Sir,— I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Circular of the 16th November last, and beg leave to submit the following suggestions : — Although 1 have had no opportunity lately to make myself acquainted (^Ith the general locality of the interior part of this County, yet I remember when running son^a of the meridian lines for the late W. J. Lay ton, in 1886, that I passed through some fine tracts of Land. The greatest part of the Country, however, is unfit for Settlement, being cut up with thick spruce barrens and cedar swamps. There are no remote Settlements of any note in my District, the Settlers con- fining themselves chiefly to the banks of the different Rivers and their tributaries. The greatest obstacle which prevents parties from going farther up the Country to settle, is the want of Roads to encourage them to do so. I have conversed with several person? lately ; a the subject of laying out Roads, &c., as p.-oposed by you, and I am glad to find that they are mutually in favour with the plan. I would suggest that if a Road be run due west from the Post Road, about one mile south of Martin Flanagan's, for about five miles, and Roads laid off north and south, at proper distances, laying out lots, would pass through good Land, and would connect a fine ridge of hard wood Land that lies south of the Bay du Vin River with the Post Road. That a Road be run west from the Mill on the Little Black River, (Kouchi- bouguac,) until it would strike the Post Road, laying off lots as the Land would suit ; it would also connect the Settlement on the Black River with the Post Road. That a Road be run westerly from the upper Settler on the north side of the Kouchibouguac River, and lloads to run north and south between Tweedie's and M'Innis' Brook, would pass through good ridges of Land* That a Road be run on the south side of the Kouchibouguacis River, com- mencing at the upper Settlement, running up Stream until it would cross the eastern meridian of Range 10 of " Lay ton's great Survey," and thence Roads to run north and south, laying off lots as the Land would permit. That a Road be run westerly from the upper Settlers on the south side of the Aldouane River, for about two miles, passing through a hard wood ridge, which is already applied for. That a Road be run westerly from the upper Settlers on the north side of the Molus River, for about seven miles, and Roads to run north and south, at proper distances, and laying out lots as the Land would permit. That a Road be run westerly from the upper Settlers on the sont!. side of the Bass River, for about five miles, crossing the above mentioned meridian, and Roads to run north and so^th, at proper distances, and laying off lots as the Land would permit, would go through good ridges of Land. Th' V'fte .'w ^3f;'.> iii Deputy Wm. MahoOd's Report. •; >,', /,,,r ,, f..- =, f... ,»♦ t ; , . s {,; Saint Jndrews, December 18, 1848. Sir,— In obedience to yoiir Circular, dated the 16th November last, directing me to recommend you places, where, if Roads were opened, the Lands abutting thereon, would be likely to be soon settled ; — r,;.M (25) im .if mds There are several extensive tracts cf good Land in this County, if through which Roads were opened, would soon be settled upon ; and I believe that it is for want of Roads that they have not been settled upon before this time. How- ever the people in this County do not seem to be much inclined to settle upon new Lands (witness the few Sales of Crown Lands which nas taken place in this County for the last two years,) and where they have settled, they do not improve very fast. The extensive trade in Cedar Shingles which is carried en at Saint Stephen's and Calais, lias very much injured the settlement of the surrounding country. The Merchants and Traders there encourage the Settlers to manufacture these Shingles, for winch they generally pay them in goods and provisions ; this is apparently an advantage to the Settler, as it would seem to be an easy means of providing provisions for the first year, but in the end it is ruinous to his farming interests, as the Merchant generally manages to get the Settler into his debt so that he (the Settler,) is obliged to continue the manufacture, to keep his credit good, even at times when he ought to be either sowing, or securing his crops, and leaving him but very little time to clear and improve his farm. This Trade has also caused the (^rown Lands within 25 or 30 miles of Saint Stephen's, to be all pillaged of the very fine Cedar Timber it contained, thereby rendering it of much less value when purchased for actual settlement. There is one tract of Land which 1 wish particularly to bring und-^r your notice ; it is situated to the north and west of Canoose River, and i^ bounded on the north and west by the Hiver Saint Croix ; it contains a large quantity of good Land enough to form a Parish of itself. There is a new Settlement on the Canoose River on the continuation of the Oak Hill Road, and a Bridge was built over the Stream at this place last Summer, and should this Road be continued on northerly along the east side of Captain Spearman's grant, and then in nearly a direct line to the little Falls on the Saint Croix River, below Porter's Meadows, where a Bridge could be constructed at a small expense across the River, it would in that distance pass tiirough large tracts of good Land, and all the travelling from Saint Stephen and Calais to the Great Lakes, and to the Settle- ments on the American Townships on the opposite side of the River, would pass along it ; it would be a complete thoroughfare. And after it would be opened, then branch Roads to the gooi^ Land east and west of it could be made, and a connection made with the Woodstock Road ; then the whole tract would be settled. The distance of the proposed Road from the new Bi' over Canoose, to the Little Falls, is about lOg miles, with no Bridges excepting across Rills. Estimate of Construction. Exploration to be thoroughly done would cost about, JE20 0 0 Clearing, grubbing and levelling, 18 feet wide, (10^ miles) 3,360 rods ^ 3s. 504 0 0 Commission at 6 per cent, on £504, 25 4 0 I- Total, JE649 4 0 8* I do not make any estimate of the cost of the proposed Bridge over the Saint Croix, at the Little Falls, as I imagine i'; would be built by the subscriptions of the people on the English and American sides of the River, for their own accom- modation, and also of the lumberers whom it would accommodate. There are two tracts of Land on the cast and west sides of the Woodstock Road, which was formerly laid out for the Highland Society, to which I would ( 26 ) recommend Roads being made. In that, on the east side, there two persons already settled, (R. King and F. Kain) who have a Road partly opened on the south lines of lots D and 20, in block H. If this Road, which is about U miles long, was made, and from the front of No. 30, in the same block, a Road be extended up northerly, parallel with the Woodstock Road, it would pass through some excellent Land. To clear and grub it, would cost about 2s. 6d. per rod« It might be extended northerly three or four miles. The tract on the west sWe of the Woodstock Road would be intersected by the Reserved Road laid out between the lots surveyed for R. White and Joseph Meredith, to be continued west from the Woodstock Road about two miles; this line has been already run, and lots fronted on it. It would cost about 2s. 6d. per rod. On the west side of the Digdeguash Kiver, there is now a Road made as far north as the place where this new Road from Saint Stephen to Brockway's crosses that River, and from that place there is a Winter Road on the same side of the River to Walton's meadows. I would beg to recommend that this Road be opened as far as the Connick Dam, a distance of about four miles, as it passes through good farming Land. The cost of clearing, grubbing and levelling would be about 3s. per rod. There is another tract of good Land lying between the new Road from Saint Andrews to Fredericton and the Settlement on the Flume Ridge, which tract is called " The Little Flume Ridge," through which, if a Road was made, would connect those Settlements, and be a great benefit to both. It would probably cost 2s. 6d. per rod, with a Bridge over a branch of Trout Brook, which would cost about £10. The distance is about three miles. I do not recommend any of those tracts with any view of surveying ihuro, as the conditions you mention are not very tempting, and I hope you will pardon rae for recommending that these Roads should be at first thoroughly explored, not in a flying kind of a manner as is usually done, but with a view to there loca- tions in such places as never afterwards requires to be altered, and one pound spent in this manner, may afterwards save hundreds. That the Roads be then opened, and afterwards the lots be laid out on them, to suit those who would wish to settle; and the money contemplated to be expended in surveys, be laid out in opening the Roads. The Lands would then be more open to inspection, and would thus settle faster than in any other way. I have, &c. (Signed) W::. MAHOOD, Local Deputy y Charlotte County » Honorable Thomas Baillie, Surveyor Geueral, &c. JosEPHus Moore's Report. i .. •' ' Saint Davidf January \&h, \Qi9. S the Burgundy and Lake George Settlements, is probably short of sixty five liles, of this sixteen miles is now made. The second through Oak Hill to the Little Falls, is about thirty miles, sixteen of which is now made. Having had some experience in Road making for a few years, on this point I would beg to state, that 1 have adopted a new plan, that is, instead of making Turnpike Roads through wilderness Land with the spade, my method is first to extend and open up the whole line by grubbing out about 26 feet wide, Bridge the Streams, overcome the bogs and swamps, leaving the hard ground to be turn- piked, by the process of the plough, first plough and then harrow and level the face of the Road, after which, turnpike, when you have a Road that will settle even without any of those hills and hollows which are sure to make their appear- ance in a short time on all Roads made with spades through the wilderness ; beside the advantage of having a turnpike thus made, you will open up the- whole line, making it quite a passable Road, by the first process of grubbing, &c., and also you have one other advantage, which is not least, by this method, you are enabled to judge more correctly of the best points to lead water free from the Road. In my humble opinion, Roads may be opened up on this plan, and eventually turnpiked at a saving of twenty per cent, to the public, when you take into consideration the workmanship and durabilicy compared with the spade Road. If these remarks of your humble servant will any way aid your exertions to promote the public good, will much gratify yours most respectfully, (Signed) JOSEPHUS MOORE. Hon. Thomas Eaillie, M. P. P. P. S.— I expect a heavy falling off of the Revenue, which may retard public improvement — but is there no remedy ? I should remark that I met with William Todd, Esq., of Saint Stephen, on the Woodstock Road, he then told me, if the Government would sell him wilderness Land, (not on the Woodstock Road,) he would advance money to complete that Road at once. If the Lands could thus be disposed of, public improvements might yet proceed. (Signed; J. M. li. 1. .^ ■':}:'. .i^l ". '■ . (28) Memorayidum of Receipts in the Crown Land Office on Account of the Casual Revenue. Year. Timber. Land. Total. 1829 £9,717 12 11 £402 io 9 £10,120 8 8 1830 9,308 6 2 2,888 6 7 12,196 12 9 1831 8,748 11 8 3,907 7 0 12,655 18 8 1832 8,646 12 8 5,980 12 3 14,627 4 11 1833 8,945 14 1 9,855 5 8 18,800 19 9 1834 15,052 18 1 5,858 9 9 20,911 7 10 1835 15,293 7 9 26,649 10 8 41,942 18 5 1836 16,173 18 0 30,450 7 6 46,624 5 6 J : 1837 10,324 8 3 15,515 6 1 25,839 14 4 1838 11,993 0 9 4,545 3 1 16,538 3 10 1839 12,269 0 0 3,908 5 7 16,177 5 7 1840 18,512 0 0 3,414 15 6 21,926 15 6 1841 15,753 0 0 3,555 10 11 19,308 10 11 " 1842 6,631 0 0 1,935 6 10 8,566 6 10 ' ' 1843 14,543 0 0 1,925 11 2 16,468 11 2 -, 1844 4,613 16 9 3,234 3 9 7,848 0 6 1845 4,779 13 3 7,839 8 1 12,619 1 4 •'?•'• 1846 6,445 14 7 4,545 11 4 10,991 5 11 •"■'-■ 1847 3,585 7 9 6,773 17 2 10,359 4 11 1848 , . . ,1.* *; v / 1,992 8 0 2,561 5 7 4,553 13 7 ',' Total,... £203,329 10 8 £145,747 0 3 £349,076 10 11 1829 to 1837, inclusive, £102,211 9 7 £101,508 1 3 £203,719 10 10 1838 to 1848, inclusive, £101,118 1 1 £44,238 19 0 £145,357 0 1 Memorandum of Amounts Casual Revenue Amount paid the Province j-xjrih i Do. do. do. Do. do. do. Do. do. do. Do. do. do. Do. do. do. Do. do. do. Do. do, do. Do. do. do. Do, do. do. paid the Province Treasurer since the passing of the Civil Treasurer in 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, on Account of the List Act. £84,437 4 4 26,096 12 4 24,299 15 4 21,974 12 0 14,277 15 6 21,580 0 0 16,726 14 9 30,912 9 10 30,264 I 0 26,053 5 9 £296,622 10 10 De I; amount paid for Civil List 1 0 years, (a) £14,500 a year, 145,000 0 0 Export Duty on Timber received in 1844, and included above, Do. do. 1845, do. Do. do. 1846. £151,622 10 10 £8,856 18 3 20,129 14 5 15.646 14 , ' ""7^7^*3^^^ ^T^ i^jv^. >• I irr