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I'N

A l)K.S(
'I

)S

<y^^^

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

IJMI'KI) S'l'ATKS NATIONAL MIISKIIM.

/ ?

BULL 171 IN

OK TIIK

LMTKl) STATES NATIONAL INIUSEUai.

JSTo. 4:7.

THE FISIIE

OK

NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA:

A DKSCUIPTIVK CATALOGUK OK THR SI'ECIRS OK FISU-I.IKK VKItTKHUATKS KOUND IN
TlliC WATKUS OF NOKTH AMKIUCA, NOUTII OK THE ISTHMUS OK PANAMA.

BY

DAVID STARR JORDAN, Ph. D..

rilKSIDENT OF TIIK LKI.ANK MTANFOHI) .li NIOU I'NIVEIISITV ANI> OF TIIF.
CALlt'UKMA . OAUEMY OF SCIENCES,

BARTON WARREN EVERMANN. Ph. D.,

l<:llTIIYOLO(3IST OF TIIF. UNITED SI'ATES FISH COMMISSION.

PART II.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1898.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

UNITKD SIATI'-S NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The Fishes

OP

NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA:

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

OK THE

SPECIES OF FISH-LIKE VERTEBRATES FOUND IN THE

WATERS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF

THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.

BY

DAVID STARR JORDAN, Pii. D.,

PRESIDENT OH THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY AND OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, I'll. D.,

ICHTHYOLOGIST OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.

PART II.

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1898.

I

l|i

cx9 i

— c

F» 1< K K A C hC .

Tlio present v«)lmi\o is tlu^ second jiart ol" a work (leHcri])tive of the
fisheH of North and Middle AintM'ica, iiicludiii^ all s])('cies known to <><;cnr
ill American watt-rs north of the cq'.iator and of the iHthniUH of I'auanin.
Tho lirHt part was puldished on Ortohcr 3, ISiKi, the ]>r<-scnt part, continu-
ous with the firnt in pagination anduuniburin<{, appenraon October 3, 18!)S,
and the third and final part will Boon follow. In this hist will appear the
•general index, an artilicial key to the families, a glossary of 8<-i«>ntific
terms, and an addcndiin> containiii<i; all Kiiocies overlooked or described
siiliseqnent to the publication of the pnrt to which they belong. A fourth
volume, or atlas, is composed entirely of i>lato8.

David Stakk Jokdax.

liAUTON WaUUKN EveRMANN.
Lkland Staxfohd Junior TlNivKn.siTY,
Palo Alto, Santa Claua County, Cahfounia.
March 15, ISOS.

(Ill)

aO ^ r^

TABLK OF CONTHNTS.

JM.ASS in. 1'1S("KS— Coiitluueil.
Sinu LASS IKI.KOSTOMI— (-'onliniuil.

OliDKIt III*. ACANTIIOI'TKRI Confilliud.

(ifiiiip IVn'oltli^u— C'(>iiHiiiu<«l. I'lim'.

Familii CXLIX. l.iiliaiililir 1J41

(■('MiiH rt'.M. lIoplopai^i'iiH, (ifll IJtl

KI'.'H. giiiiflicrl, cm V2U

(iiiiiiMr.'jj. Evopiiu.M, oiii i',Mr>

Kl'.'lt. \ IiUUh ( ValoncicniiOH) 124<1

( iciiiiH r>25. Nt'cunii'iiiH, (ilnirtl l'J47

Siibgeiiim XcoinifiiiH 12S1

10.10. Joitlaii I, Gilliort ■. rj.ll

lOltl. iiovcmrnNclatiiH ((iill) 12.VJ

10.'I2. cynnoptonis ((.'iivier ifc ValciiclcniifH) l'J54

1033. grisciiH (T.iiiiiii'iis) I2').'i

1034. Jdcu (IMoch &. SiliiuidiT) I'^.T

1035. npodiiH ( \Vall)a ) V>r>»

1030. argonti vont ris ( ToterH) 1200

1037. liitjaiioidt'M ( Por-y) 1201

1038. Ixiccaiiulla (Ciivior \-. Valt'ii<!i«iiimn) 1201

1030. vivaiiiLs (Ciivicr &. Viiloiuifiuics) 1202

1040. ay a ( Biocli) 1 204

1041. aiialis (On virr it Vnlonclciiiu's) 1265

1042. Colorado (Jordan & ( Jilborl ) 1207

1043. bnichy plorns (Copo) 1268

1044. KiittatiiH (SU'iiidaclmor) 1209

lOJ T). 8y iinjiriH ( Liiiiiiuiifl) 1270

1040. anibigiiiiH (I'ooy) 1271

1047. inabogoiii ((Juvior <fe VahMicipiiiu-H) 1272

SiibjjoiiiiH Kaixoro, Jordan \-. IVslcr 1273

1048. aratus (( Ji'iutlior) 1273

Ht'nim520. Kabiriiliia, .Ionian & Fuslcr 1274

1010. int-nnis ( Petors) 1274

(ieuus 527. Ocy iiruH, (iill 1275

1050. clirysiinis (Hlocli) 1275

G011U8528. Ulioniboplites (Cill) 1270

1051. aiirorubeiiH (('iivicr & ValunciiMincs) 1277

Genim 529. ApHiluH, Cu vier ifc Valencieniu's . . 1278

Siibgenns TropidinuH, Gill 1278

1052. dentatiLs, Gulcheiiot 1278

Gcnns 530. Aprion, Cuvier it Valencicunes 127!)

Snbgonus Platyinius, Gill 1280

1053. niacroplitlialniiiH ( MUller & Troscbel) 1280

GeniiH 531. EtuIiH, Cuvier &. Valcnciounes » 1281

1054. ociilatu!) (Cuvior & Valoneionnes) 1282

1055. aqiiilouaria (Goodo &, IJuan) 1283

Genus 532. Vorilus, Toey 1283

1056. sordidua, Pooy 1284

(V)

VI

CONTKN'I'M.

CLASS !II. I'ISOKS (N.iitliiiiid.

(Minilt nil. AcAM Ili'I'll'illl ('(ilillliiK'll.

t'liniihi <'.\ 1,1 \ . I.iiliiiiiiilii (.'oiidiiiicil. I*ai{<<'

(icllilN TilKi. Xi'liocyH, •lonliill A lliilliiiitn I'JHS

IQ.'iT, .Ii'mhIii', J III (lull \ Moll mil II I'JHA

<i( iKiM :,M. XfiiiNtiiiH, Jiiriliiii .V (i illicit I'.'Hll

liriH. ('MJiloriiit'iisiM (Sti'iiiiliii'liuur) rjHi)

(iiliiiH :i:i5. Ntiili hlli.NH, dill IL'HT

um. auuHHl/.li, Stt'iniliii'lini'i' 1 ^HT

inoo. Miiili, <iill I'JHT

(i ell lis Mtl. NcinllilrlUM, SwiiitlHOIl I'-'MM

1(1(11. iniirniiit'tiiiiH ((iiiiitlior) r.'Htl

/•'(( III ill/ <L. 1 1 If III iiliiliv I'.'Hli

( ii'iiiiN rilli. Ilii'iiiiiliin, Ciivlor I'JtM

lOfl'J. HcxI'iiMiiitiiiii, (Jill I'JIM

IOii:i. alliiiiii. ( 'ii\ icr \', N'MlciK^iciiiicH - I2U.'>

I (Kit. iiiiici'o.Htiiiiiiiiii, (il'iiilliiM' r.'Dd

|(l(l,>. Iiiiiiiii'ii'iisr, ('ii\ii'i'\. N'lili'iit'iiaiiii'M r.M)7

1(1(10. iiiirrii ( I )t>Hiiiii I'ltMt) I 'Jt)7

10(17. Hcmlilci I, ( i ill 1 L'Ult

1(108. riirliiiimriiiiii, I'ocy 1 IKIO

lOiilt. Hli'iiiiliuiliiK'i'i (.liii'iliiii it Cilbcrt) liiiil

I07II. iiii'liiiiiii'iiiii ( liiiiiiii'iiM) i;ii)2

1071. Hcliinis (Sliaw) i:il);t

io7'j. |ii iiii ( i,iH!t'iu'Mic) i;i() t

107:1. llavdliiK aiiiiii (iH'.siiiiiri'Hl) liliiO

(itMiim WM. llr:icliyjj;(ii,vH, Stuililrr 111(17

107(. tliry Hiir;;y rtii.s (( i iiiitlmr) i:i07

(ifiiiiM ,">:»». liiidiystiiliia, ScihMit IDOH

107.J. riiiiiitiir (.Ionian \ Swain) I3()H

1070. HiiniliiK^atiini (Cii\ it'i- iV:. A'alciicieiiiicH) IKIu

1077. stri:itllin ( IjliniriiH) lit 10

(icnii.s rilU. liytiinil(iii,.loi'<liv:i .V Swiilii III! I

107H. IliiviKUl tat Mill ((iill) 1311!

1070. iiiiiilcscciiH, Jiirilan \ Stark.s IIUU

(i<'iiiis,"i41. (>itliii.stntliii.t (iill i;ii:i

KWO. mar iilicaiiila, (iill 13i;j

Ut'iniH 512. AiiiHiitrciiiiis, (iill 1311

Siiiinniu.s I'ariiroiindon, JJli-iskcr 1310

1081. iiacititi (( liinthn) 1310

1082. cii'siiis (.Imilini \ (iillKJlt) 1310

1083. (lovii ((iiintlu)i) 1317

Siili;iflllis .VliiMiitloilllls 131H

1084. Hiiriiiamon.si.s (liliich) 1318

1085. intiriiiiitiiH ((iill) 131!t

1080. Iiicolcir (Ca.stcliiail) I3IH

1087. Hcaimlari.s ('I'mrliiKli) 13'_'0

1088. (laviilsonii (SttiuaaclintT) 1321

1080. Hiiloiiiatim ( I'ticy ) 1321

1090. taiiiatiiH, (iill 1322

lOitl. vir^iiii<'iiH(LiniiiiMis) 1322

10!)2. ,>ir.Tiil.i (Cm icr \- A'lilcncicniit'.s) 1323

Goiiii.-* 1343. ('uiiiidiin, Ciivirr iV. VaU'iiciciiucH 1324

1003. iioliilis (LiiiiiaMiH) 1324

l(i94. rtcrrifiT, Jordan it (iilliiTt 1324

(lOniiH t)\\. IJrachydeiiterus, (Iill i32r)

1095. DitidiiH^Steindaclinfi) 1320

1090. <!(irvinn'rornii8 (.Stf^indacliuor) 1320

1097. leuciscus (CJiiiitlit-r) 1327

COXTKNTM.

VII

.. ViM

.. VM
.. ViM
.. 128U

.. rj87

.. 1S87

.. 1287

,. 12HH

.. I'JHU

.. rj8u

.. 1201
.. I2UI
.. 1205

.. I2m»

.. 1207
.. 1207
.. 1200
.. i:ioo
,.. vm

.. 1302

,.. i;to;i
.. i;io4

,.. VMH)

... i:h»7
... i;io7
... i:jo8

... 1308

... KIIO

... 1310

... 1311

1312

.. 1312

1313

1813

13U

1310

131(1

1310

1317

131H

131W

1310

1310

... 1320

... 1321

.. 1321

.. 1322

.. 1322

.. 1323

... 1324

.. 1324

.. 1324

.. 132r.

.. 1320

.. 1320

.. 1327

CLASS MI. IMSCKS (Nmtlim.'.l

OIIDI II Itll. At AMIIol'IKItl < olililllli'il.

I'aiiiilii t'L. Iliimiiliilif ('oiiliiiiiftl. I'a|{f.

ItlOK. ii\il|jiiiH iSlfitiiliii lilM 1) I:i28

(it'llii.s ril.'i, I'liiiiailiiNiM, l.^HrlH'ili' i:i20

SiiliKKiiiiH i:iifii<'Ui,.ltiriliiii A l'',\<'i'tiiiiiiri i;i3l

lisoo. |>uiiaiiii'iiH|rt (Sti liiiliii'liiii'i) i:i:i|

Siil>Ki'iiiiH I'riHtlpoiMit, ('ii\ Icr l:i3l

1700. Iiayiiiiii.-*. .Iiiriliiii >v Kvt'finiiiiii Kllll

17(11. |it()<lii<'tii'« (I'lH'.v) 1332

t'lC iniK'nirantliiiN (I liiiillicr) i:i:i2

l7o:i. unilrri (Suiivmk*-) |:i;i2

Sill>K"»><'* UlioiK'lHruN, .liii'iluii tV KviM'iiiaiiii \;\'SA

I70». <'i(UM'o (('ii\ iir A N'ltlttiii'ioiiui'H) i;i:;;j

170.">. Iiiaiiliki (Sr« iiiilaclimr) i;j;iH

I7IKI. laiiiimiiH (I'lie.v) i;ia.l

(it'll im 'i4t!. (lrtliii|iri.siN, (iininl i;t;i4

SiiliKDUiiH (trllitiiul.silM. .. i;i;i(i

17'i7. I'tirlM'ti, .Itinlaii \- StnrkH i;i;iO

1708. iKtIill.ifii, Jiiiiliiii A Hi' liaiilMiiii — i;i:i(i

ITirti. fliiilfniis ((■jiiitliiT) i;i;i7

1710. i'lirvHii|itt'i'ii.s (l.iniui'iiH) 1 i;irt

1711. i»tnv i, Sciiildtr 13;i<j

1712. tMiillNii'!iiii-t (.IfiiyiiH) |;i;(0

Siil>t{*'iiii>* I'^vaiiri.sIlM, .Ionian \ Kvt'iinann i;mo

l"i:i. ii'tliii|iri.tliH. .Idi'iIiiii A l'"f.sli'iv 1340

(it'iiii.s .")47. LsMfitlla, .Icii'tliiii A Fi'.Hlfi' 1340

1714. Iii't)vi|iiiiiii.s (SifiiiiiiiiliiiiT) 1341

Gt'iiiiH MS. Mii;ii>li|iiiliiliiH, (iill 1341

1715. iiitdiiatiis. (till 1341

Gt'iiiiH .'ilO. (it'iiyatrt'iiniH, (iiil 1342

17H>. liiltMiM (UJDfli) 1342

Faiiiilii CI, I. Siiaridir 1343

UuiiiiH 5.')0. (dry lit IT, •Iiii'daii A lOvfriiiaiiii 1344

1717, cniidiiiiH ( ISfiili) 134,'i

( It'll iiH r>ril. Stt'iiiiloiiiiis, (iill ll^f,

171H. cliiyntipM (I.iiiiiii'iiH) 13(0

1710. aciileatiis (CiivitT A- Valt'iicifiiiii'.'*) 1340

(it'll II.-* .'■>r>2. (;Mlaiiiiis, Swaiii.sDii , ,,

.Siil)}it;iiiiM (Jalaiiiiis I349

1720. I'alaiini.s (Ciivii'i- A Vali'iii'it;iiiu!.s) 1340

1721. inDiitloiiH, Jtirtlan A (iillitirl 1350

1722. (luniiatiila, (iiiit'ht'iitit 13r)l

1723. l)a,|iiiiatlt> (Hltnii A, Stliiuitlci) 13,')2

Siili;;uiiiiH (iraniiiiali'iiM, I'tM-y 1353

1724. lirai'liysDiiiiiH (LtM'kiiiK(tiii) 13r)3

1725. It'iifo.stuus, Joi'tlaii & (iilht'rt 1353

1720. iiiat'i'0|).s, Ttioy I354

1727. tauriiiim (.It^ny iis) 1354

1728. i»()iiiia (Ciivit'f &. Vuleiit ieiiiii 11) 1354

1720. artililVoiis, CtHMlti A Ittiaii 1355

1730. liiediiiH ( l*t)uy) 1350

Gt'iiiis 553. J'agrii.s, Ciivit-r 1356

1731. pajfi'iis (Liiiiia'118) 1350

Guinis 554. LagtitlDii, HDllirook 1357

1732. r1i()inlioi(li^H(Liniia>u.s) 1358

(lOnii.s 555. .<Vrclii)sai'j.;iis, (Iill 1358

Siiligeuiis Sak'iiia, Jt>rilaii A Kveriiiaiiii 1359

1733. uuimaculat U.S (lUocli ) 1350

J

VIII

CONTENTS.

iili

(JLASS III. I'lSCES-Contiimcd.

Okdkk Itii, AcANTiioi'TEKi— Continued.

Familii (!f,l. .s'y;ff.-i(^D--Continued. Pago.

17:i4. |)<>ui-talcHii (.Stt'MHliirliner) 1300

17;J5. tridiMiH (Poey) 13C0

SiiliKeniiH ArcliDHar^iiH 1301

1730. probiitoc.eidiiihiH (Wiillianm) 13fil

1737 arioH (<Jiivlor Isi Viilonciciine.s) 13<i|

UeniiH r>5n. DiplodiiH, itnflneHiino 1362

1738. holbrookiiiHoaii) 13(12

1739. argentciiH (Ciivier &. Valcncirnnos) 1303

1740. Har^fiiH (Iiin::a>il8) 1303

Familfi (UAI. Mwnidm 1304

UeiiiiH557. Spicarn, Hii'incHqiio 1304

1741. niartinicn (Cuvi(;r i^- ValeiicicniieH) 1.304

(lonim 5r>8. KninicliclitliyH, UicliardHon 1305

SiibgeuiiH Inerinia, Pooy 1365

1742. vittatiiH (Pooy) 1365

Family CLIII. Oerr.dfH 1.300

Ocnim 55U. Kiicinostonius, Baird & (iirard 1307

1743. dowi, (Gill; 1307

1744. pscudogiila, I'oey 1308

1745. harenguhis, GoimIo it Bean 1368

1740. caliior.iioKsis (Gill) 1369

1747. fiiila (('iivier & Valonciernes) 1370

Genus .lOO. Ulii'nia, Jordan & Kvennann 1371

1748. lofroyi (Goode) ... 1371

'^enim.'ifll. Xystivnia, Jordon v'- Evermann 1372

1749. cinereuin ( yValbauni) 1 372

Gcnu8562. Gcrres, Ciivicr 1373

Subgenus Mobarra, Poey 1 3 i'4

17-50. rhombons, Cuvior &. Valenciennoa 1 374

Siibgnnu.^i Diapt^nis, Ran'/an i 1375

1751. piircohis, Jordan .fe (^tilbort 1375

1752. periivianiiH, Cnvier & Valenciennes 1370

1753. olistiiostonius, Goode &. Hean 1376

Subgenus ( lerres 1377

1754. breviiiianus, Giinther 1,377

1755. linoatiiH (Humboldt) 1377

1756. brasilianu.s, Cuviei' & Valanciennos t378

1757. enibryx, Jordan & Starks 1379

17.58. pluniiei'i, Cuvler & Valenciennes .■ 1379

n.V.t. niexicanns, Stcindacbner 1380

Familii VLIV. Ki/iihosidce 1380

Genus 563. Girella, Gray 1381

1700. nigricans (Ay res) 1382

Genus 504. Doydixodon, Valenciennes 1382

1761. freininvillei, Valenciennes 1382

Genus 565. Herniosil.a, Jenkins &. Evermann 1383

1762. azurea, Jenkin.'i & Everin.ann 1383

Genus 560. Kvpliosus, Lac6iiedo 1384

1703. anaiojj.is ((Jill) 1385

1764. incisor (Cnvier & Valenciennes) 1386

1765. elegans ;Peters) 1387

1766. sectatrix (Liunauis 1387

1767. lute.scens (Jordan & Gilbert) 1388

Genus 567. Sectntor, Jordan & Fesler 1389

1768. ocyurus (Jordan & Gilbert) 1389

Genus 568. Medialunii, Jordan <fc Fesler 1390

1769. calilbrniensis (Steiudacnner) 1391

CONTENTS.

IX

CLASS III. riSCKS— Continued.

Ohdkk
Fain

HI5. AcANTiiorTEKi -Continued.
(7.1/ <■'// V. Scidiiidif

509. Seripli

Pnuf.
.. 1:1111;
.. 13&7

(K'nitsr)72. CjnoHfion, (iill H""

Siil'srnuH Cyn<:H(ti(i« I-IO:!

1774. luoHim (Lact'ix'dt) '^O.'t

177'i. H([iiaiiiii)inniH ((iiintl.Di) 140t

177(i. othonopttrus, .Ior<li;n \-, (iill)ort 1404

1777. ()blii|Uiitii8 (VaUncifiiius) 14(i.'>

1778. .ianiai<t'n«i.s (Vaillant &. IJocouit) MOti

r.79. notlius (Ilolbrook) - 140r.

1780. rugalis (I'.locli it Sclincidw) 1407

1781. tlialassinus (HoUirook) 1407

17K2. ptii'ulat US (< i iint lier) 1408

17811. nebtilortus (Cuvior it Valencitnncs) 140'.»

1784. paivipiiitiis, Ayn-s 1410

nar). xanthulim, Jordan &. Gilbert 1410

1780. allMiH (Giintlior) 1411

1787. niardonaldi, Gilbert 1411

1788. stol/.nianni (Stcindacliuor) 1411!

8nb}jenn» Atractcsciim, Gill Hill

1789. nobilis (Ayrcs) 1413

1790. i)lH)xoc<'plialuH, Jordan it Gilbert , 1413

1791. leiarcluis (Cuvier it Valenciennes) 1414

1792. virescena (Cuvier it Valcncieniii's) 1415

1793. niicrolepidotus (Cuvier it Valoni-ienneH) 1415

Genus 573. Sa<'enichthyH, Berg 1416

1794. ancylodon (Blot'li & Sclineiiler) 1416

Genus .574. Nebris, Cuvier it Valenciennes 141C

1795. niierops, Cuvier & Valontienne.s 14 17

1796. zestus, Jordan it Starks 1417

Genus 575. I'lajiioscion, Gill 1418

1797. siiuauio.sissimns ( ireckol) 141H

1798. lieterolepis (Bleeker) 1419

1799. .siirinaniensis ( Hleeker) 1419

Genus 576. Lariraus, Cuvier it Valenciennes 14'JO

Subgenus Aniblyscion, Gill 1421

1800. argentouB (Gill) 1421

Subgenus Larinuis 1421

1801. eftulgens, Oill)ert 1421

1802. acclivis, Jordan it Bri.stol 1422

1803. breviceps, Cuvier &. Valvnciennes 1423

1804. pacilictLS, Jordan &• BoUnian 1424

1805. fasciatus, Holbrook 1424

Genus .577. Odontoscion, Gill 1425

1806. dentex (Cuvier it Valenciennes) 1425

1807. xantbops. Gilbert 1426

Genus 578. Corvula, Jordan & Kigenniann 1427

1808. ntacrops (Stcindacliner) 1427

1809. sialis, Jordan it Kigenniann 1428

1810. subie(iualiE (Poey) 1429

1811 . sanctu'-luciie, Jordan 1429

1812. batabana (Toey) 1430

ir

ii

CONTKNTS.

CLASS III. rrSCKS— (;onfinm>d.

OUDKit III!. .\( A.NTiioiTKHi fJonlinnod.

Faiii'dji VLV. .s'cu^'Hic/**- ('i)'itljiiu'(l. PaRo.

(Jt'uiis .I"".!. KlaltiircliiiM, Jonlaii A Kvcrniaiin 14:tl

IHi:). aicliidimu (Jonliiii & Gilbert) 14;tl

(iciiu.s .WO. r.aiiiliolla, Cill 1432

Siib{;i'""--* I?air<lii'll(i 14311

1814. <'liryHura ( Lii<'<''i>t"'ilo) 143li

Mill. iMisiCcra (.Ionian it Oilbort) 1434

181(i. i<istia (Jdiilaii \- Gilbert) 1435

1H17. roiicliiiH ((Mivicr \' ValoncicniicH) 1430

Siib;r(>iins N(M't(ir, Jordan i^ Evcrnianii 1430

1815. aiinala, Gill 143(i

181!). ahita, Jordan & Gilbert 1437

1820. elir.v.solenca(Giintli.er) 1438

Genus .Wl. Slillitor (Ciivier) Okon 143!)

Snb^eniiH ZeHti.s, Gilbert 1440

1821. oseitanH (Jordan A Cill)ert) 1440

1822. Iiirthi (SteindaclniBr).. 1441

Sub^eiinH /<>slidliini, Gilbert 1442

1823. iIlceebro.su.s, Gilbert 1442

Snb<.-enu(t Stellifer 1443

1824. stellifer (Illocli) 1443

182.'>. 'an<eolatus(IIolbrook) 1443

1820. e ieyniba (Jordan \, Gilbert) 1444

1827. niicroiis (Steindachiier) I44r)

Sub;;enii8 Stellicarens, Gilbert 144ri

1828. /.eslocarus, Gilbert 144.^

Gonimri82. Opliioscion, Gill 144(1

Subgenus Ophiuseion 1447

1829. adu.itus (.Vpissiz) 1447

1830. typicus, (iill 144.s

1831. strabo, Gilbert 144n

1832. siniulns, Gilbert 144!*

1833. iniieops (Jordan \ Gilbert) 1451

1834. scierns (Jordan \ (iilbert) 145'.'

SubijonnsSignnirus, Gilbert 145J

1835. vcnnienlaris (Giinther) 145'J

Genus 583. Scianops, Gill t 14511

1836. ocellatus (Linna-us) 145;i

Genus 584. Scia'Hii (Artedi) Linnu'UH 14.")4

Subf^on us Callaiis, Jordan 14.').'i

1837. deliciosa (T.scbudi) 146ri

Subffeuus Clieilotrema, TscLudi 145ti

1838. saturna ((lirard) 145t!

Genus 585. Koneador, Jordan &, Gilbert 1457

183!). Htearnsi (Steindaclinor) 14;"."

Genus 580. Leiostonuis, LacejiO'do 1458

1840. xantburiis, Lac6pede 14.'iS

(ienu8587. Pacliypops, Gill 14ri'.i

1841. I'ureneus ( Lacepede) 1451)

Genus 588 . Genyorienius, Gill 14tiii

1842. liueatus(Ayres) 14(;o

Gonu8 589. Mieropojion ('uvier & Valenelenncs 14tll

1843. undulatus (Liiinieus) 1401

1844. furniori (Desniareat) 14i;2

1845. megalops, Gilbert 14(13

1846. ectenes, Jordan .t Gilbert 140:;

1847. altipinnia, Giinther 14(i4

^1

CONTENTS.

XI

CLASS in. nSCKS-Contimicd.

OiiOEii r>H. AcANTiioi'TKKi -('(intiimeil.

Family CLV. Scitfiiidn—CiwWmwi]. Pago.

(icuiiH SBO. Uinbriiia, Cii vi(M- 1405

184H. broiisHoiietii, Cuvier & Vnleiui<'iino8 1406

1849. coroidiH, Cii vltr \ VulencicuncH 1460

1850. roiiciidor, Jordan \. Gilhort 1467

1851. xaiiti, (Jill 1407

1852. .sinalon', Scoticld 1408

IS.'i.'i galapaKonini, Steindacliiicr 1408

18.'>4. dorsal i.s, (fill 1460

(iciiuH 501. ^Icnlicirrluis, Gill 140:1

185.'). hIiuh.s, Jordan \ Eiyuiiniann 1472

18.')(). nasiis (Oiintlipr) 1473

1857. ])ananienHi.>4 (Steindacliiicr) 1473

18.58. inartinict'nMi8(Cuvioi' it Valencionncs) 1473

1850. aniiricamis (Linna us) 1474

1800. .saxatilis (IJlocli &. S<Iincidor) 1475

1801. iindiilatiiH (( iirard) 1476

Si;'ts;«Miiis rnibrula, Jordan &, Kigcninann 1470

1802. elon;;atus ((Jiint her) 1470

1803. littoralis ( Uolbrook) 1477

Genus 502. I'aralonchurus, Bo'"o\irt 1477

Subijouus Polyelenius, I?org 1478

18C4. dunierili ( Boeourt ) 1478

Subgenus Zono.ieion, Jordan \- Kverniann 1479

1805. ratlibuni (Jordan \- BoUnian) 1470

Subgenus Zae.lenuis, Gilbert 1480

1800. goodei, Gilbert 1480

Subgenus I'araloncliuru.s 1481

1807. iietersi, Hoeourt 1481

Genua 593. Loneliiurus, liloch 1481

1808. lanceolatuM ( lUocli) 1481

Genus 594. Pogonias, Lacepede 1482

1860. eroniis (Linna'us) 1482

1870. ctKirbina (Lncepede) 1483

Genua 595. Aplodinotns, Ilalines<|Uo 1483

1871. grunniens, Kafint^sque 1 484

Genua 506. Eques, Bloch .■ ' 1484

Subgenus Pareques, Gill 1486

1872. viola. Gilbert 1480

1873. acuniinatnrf ( rJoch & Solineider) 1487

1873a. acuminatuM unibrosus, Jordan & Eigenniann 1487

1874. punctutus, Bloul" \- Schneider 1488

1875. pnlchor, Stoindaclincr 1489

Subgenus E(iue8 1489

1870. lanceolatus (Linnaous) 1489

Group Cirrliitoidei 1490

Familn VLVI. Cirrhitidce , 1400

Genus 597. Cirrliites, Lacf^pMo 1491

1877. rivulatus, Valenciennes 1491

1878. botauni.s, Gill 1492

SrnonnKU Hou'oxoti 1493

Famihj VL V II. Fmbiotocidfe 1493

Genus 598. IIj sterocarpus, Gibbons 1405

1879. tr.i.ski, Gibbons 1496

Genus ,TO9. Abeoun, (iirard 1496

1880. 'uiuima (Gibbons) 1497

1881. aurora, Jordan & Gilbert 1497

XII

CONTKNT8.

Ill ::.'

' -'lil

CLASS III. ITSCKS-ConHiiued.

OltUKR ]UJ. AcA.NTiroi'lKHl— Coiltimiud.

Family ('IjV 1 1. lUnhintocidw- ('iiiitiniiod, I'ngf.

Oi'iiim <i(Ki. CyinatdKaNter, Uiliboiis 141W

188L'. iiftKit'giilus, (Jibbons H!I8

(ioiiiiHCOl. liiiiiliyiHtinH, (iill 1409

1883. froimtiiH, (iill 1400

fnMiiis Oit'J. Ziilt'iiibliiH, Jorilnn & Evurnianu 1400

1884. rosiuoim (.loidiiii \ (Jilbtirt) I.''i00

(;t-iiUH60X llypociitiditlijH, Gill l.'idO

1885. aniiliH ( AlexaiuUr Agassi/) 1500

( JeniiH 604. Hy |K!riiroNO)ioii, (iibboiis 1501

1880. arfj;i!iitoiiH, ( ! iblioim 1501

1887. agassizii, ilill \W1

riPiiiLs 00.5. Ilolconotus, Agassiz l.'>02

1888. rliodotoriis, Agassiz 1502

(jcii IIS 000. Am jihisl iciis, Agassi/ 1503

1880. argeutouH, Agassiz 1503

(ieiiiis 007. Eiiibiotoca, Agussiz 1504

1800. Jacksoui, Agassiz 1504

(Jeiiiis 008. Ta'iiintoca, Alexander .Agassiz 1505

1801. lateralis (Agassiz) ]!J05

( iemis 600. I'lianerodon, (Hrard 1500

1802. iumitiiH, (iiranl 1500

1803. artipes (Jordan & (lilliort) 1507

Goniis 010. liliaeocliilus, Agassi/. 1507

1804. toxdtes, Agassiz 1507

Genus on. llypsunis, Alexander Aga-ssiz 1508

1805. «aryi (.Vgassiz) 1508

Genus 012. Danialiehtbys, Girard 1500

1800. argyrosomiis (Girard) 1500

SunOHDEIl CHUOMIDE.S 1511

Family VLVIII. CichUihv 1512

Genus 013. I'etenia, G iintlior 1513

1807. rtjilendida, Giintlier 1513

Genus 614. .Kqiiidens, Eigonniaiin it IJray 1513

1808. eu'riileopiinctatus (Kner it Steindaeber) 1514

Genus 015. Cicblasonia, Swainson 1514

Subgenus Cielilasonia 1515

1800. rectangularo (Sleiiidiuiliner) 1515

1000. bartoni (Bean) 1515

1001. godnianiii (Giintbor) 1516

1002. siebiddii (Kner & Steindacbner) 1516

1003. interniediiiin (Giinthor) 1517

1004. angiilifernin (Giinthor) 1517

1005. fenestratuni ((Jiintber) 1518

1006. inontiizunia (lleckel) 1518

1907. niacracautbuin (Giintlier) 1518

1008. jtarnia (Giintlier) 1510

1909. niargaritiferuiii (Giinlhor) 1519

1910. spiluruni (Giintlier) 1520

1011. louginianus (Giinther) 1.520

1912. bit'asciatuni (Steindacbner) : 1521

1913. helleri (Stoindacbner) 1521

1914. balteatuni (Gill vt Bransford) 1521

1915. rostratum (GilKt Uran.sford) 1522

1916. melanopogou (Steintlacbner) 1523

1917. nielanuruni (Giinthor) 1523

1918. uebulii'erum (Guutber) 1524

m

CONTKNTS.

Mil

Tagf.
. 14!>H
. 14118
. 1409
. 1409
. 1409

. moo

.. IMlO
.. 1500
.. 1501
.. 1501
.. 1502
.. 1502
.. 1502
.. 1503
.. 15o:(
.. 1504
.. 1504
.. 1505
.. 1505
... 1500
... 1500
... 1507
... 1507
... 1507
... 150H
... 1508
... 1509
... 1500
... 1511
... 1512
... 1513
... 1513
.... 1513
.... 1514
.... 1514
.... 1515
.... 1515
.... 1515
.... 1516
.... 151G
.... 1517
.... 1517

1518

.... 1518
.... 1518
.... 1519

1519

1520

1520

1521

1521

1521

1522

1523

1523

1524

CLASS 111. IMSC'KS— Continual.

OiiDKii I'.n. AcAvnioi'TKUi-Ooiiliiiiicd.

Fiimilji VLVIII. f'4V/(Ji(?(»' CoiitiiuHxl. I'lip-.

1 019. lent IgiiHisiim (SltiiidHchiiei) 1524

1920. (Icpiiii (Hcckol) 1524

SuliKi^mm A fcIkmi'ii triiH, < ■ ill 1 52,">

1021. iiigrol'iiKtiat iini ((i iin(ln'r) 1525

1022. inultlspiiioMimi ((iiintlicr) 1525

1923. cisntmrcliiiH ((iill & Uiaimroiil) 1520

CainuA 610. Ilcrcs, llwkcl 1520

1924. fricdriclislliali, Ueckel 152H

1925. salviiii, « iiiiitlior 1528

1920. iilliniH, Giiiitlicr 1529

1927. iiiaciilipiuuis, Steinilacliiior 1520

1028. tiiniacnlatus, (iiintliur 1529

1920. labiiit 118, Cm ihiflior 1 '130

1930. lol)ocliiliiH, Oiiiitlier 1530

1931. crythiaMis, Oiiiitlior 1531

1032. liaHilaris, (Jill Jt JJransfoid 1532

1033. nicarauj^iienaiH, Giiiitliur 1532

1934. iiiaiiajtiu-nHia, Giintlior 1533

1935. aiireuH, (i iinther 1533

1930. citriiiclluH, GiiiitluT 1534

1937. iiiotftj;ueiiHi», (Jiinthcr 1534

1938. obloiigus, Giinther 1535

1039. (Ii)vii, (Mintlusr 1535

1940. gil>l>ice])8, Slciiulacliiier 1530

1941. inicroplitlialinus, Giintber 1530

1942. iiiHiphtlialimis, Giinther 1537

1943. troscheli, Steindaclincr 1637

1044. c.vaiiogiittatus (IJaird &- Giranl) 1537

1945. ]»avonaceiiH, Gamiau 1538

1846. altifroiis, Kner it Stcinilacliuer 1538

1947. bcani, Jordan 1538

1948. tclracanthus (('iivier k Vahnu-ionnt's) 1539

Gcnu.s017. Tli(!rai>H, Giinther 1540

1049. irre};iilari», Giinther 1540

Gonim C18. Neutroidus, Giinther 1.541

1950. neniatopns, («iintlicr 1541

1951. nicarauj^iienHis, Gill & Bransford 1512

Genus 610. Satanoperca, Giinther 1542

1952. crassilabrirt (Steiudachner) 1542

Family OLIX. PomaccntridiB , 1543

Genus 620. Azurina, Jordan & McGregoi- l.'<44

1953. hirundo, Jordan &. McGregor 1544

Genus 02 1 . Chroniis, Cuvier 1 545

Subgenus Furcaria, Pooy 1546

1954. atrilobatus, Gill 1546

1955. eyaneus ( Poey) 1547

19i)6. niultilineatiis (Guichenot) 1547

Subgenus .\yreHia, Cooper 1548

1957. puuctipinnis (Cooper) 1548

Subgenus Ileliases, Cuvier & Valenciennes 1548

1958. insolatus (Cuv'.er &, Valenciennes) 1548

1950. enclirysurus, Jordan & (filbert 1548

Genus 622. lilupomaeentrns, llleeker 1549

Siibgenns ICnpoiuacentrus 1551

1960. leiicorus (Gilbert) 1551

1961. adu8tU9 (Troschel) 1551

XIV

roNTKNTS.

\l:

u

'i ■

CLASS III. PISCKS— Conliiiiiid.

Okkku I!I:. Acamikh'IKUI— ConliiMi»Ml.

Family CLIX. ViimiifintiUiiv—VAWxiUwicA. Vn\i\\

lOli'-'. fiianiM ((Jiivit'f iV VaU^iirit'iilicH) ir>r>2

lllO;i. (li«'iii'iiu«, Jordan A Iliittcr 1552

lliOI. ri'ctifiiiiiiini ((Jill) 155:t

liiOS. aiiJiliM (I'ltey) 1554

100(1. ot onlloniH ( I'dcy ) 1 555

lOrtT. Uuic(»stl(tiiH (Miillor &. TroHcluU) 1555

UMIS, (liivi viMiUir ( 'I'roHcliul) 1 557

19011. /lavllutus ((Jill) 1557

11170. part it ii,H ( I'of.v) 15.18

11)71. planirroim (Cuvicr &, Vali'ticifiincH) 1569

(IciitiH (i'JIt. Ntixilariii.s, (tillit^rl 1559

1972. conn.lor (( i ill) 1559

(ioiiiiH 0J4. Al)U(l«l'(liif, Korskal 1500

Sllhjjuiiils (ilyjiliisoiliin, Lacriit'do 1501

1073. saxnt ilis ( Liiiiin'Us) 1501

SiibgoiiiiM KuH(!lii.sttiilu.s, Gill 1502

1974. (l.clivilrons (Cill) 1502

1975. analoKUs ((iill) 1503

1970. taiinis (MiilltT \ Tro.schcl) 150:J

1977. rmllH (I'cmy) 1503

Oeiiiisfi25. Hyiwypops, Oill 1.504

1'.I7H. nilticiiiuliis ((iiianl) 1504

Gcim.s 020. M i('ro.><i)iit hudoii, ( 1 iiutlior 1 505

1979. bainlii ((iill) 1 500

1980. chrysunis (Cuvier it Valoiicienues) 1507

1981. nivcatiiH (Tooy) 1507

1982. dor.salis (Gill) 1508

SlinOKDKIl I'll AUY.NdOUNATII I 1571

Fatii ilij OLA'. La'oridiv 1571

( iuiuLs 027. ('('iitroliibniH, G iinthur 1575

1983. oxoletiLs ( Linnau.s) 1570

Gfiuis 028. Tautogolaliriis, (iiintlior 1576

1984. adspcrsus ( Walliiuiiii) 1577

Gonus 029. Tiiutojift, Mitcliill 1577

1985. onitis (Liiiiin'us) 1578

Geiiii.s 030. La<'hni>lainiuH, Cuvicr &. Valoiiciennea 1579

1986. inaxiniiLs ( Walbamii) 1579

Genus 031. llarpi", Laci'pede 1581

1987. diplotania, Gill 1582

1088. nifa (Liuiia'us) 1583

1989. ocliint'bori (VaU^nciennes) 1583

1990. pulcliellii (I'ooy) 1584

GonuH 0,32. Deccwlon, Giiutbor 1584

1991. puollari8(Poey) 1584

GeuuM 033. I'iuiclonictopon, Gill 1585

1992. pulcliiT (Ayros) I."i85

1993. darwinii (Jouyns) 1580

Genus 034. Clepticus, Cuvior 1580

1994. parra' (niocli & Sclint'idor) 1580

Genus 035. Iridio, Jordan it Kvernianu 1587

1995. radiatuH (Linna'us) 1590

1990. nicbolsi (Jordan & Gilbert) 1591

1997. scllifer (Gilbert) 1592

1998. seuiicinctus ( Ayres) 1592

1999. j^aruoti (Cuvior <fc Valeucionnes) 1593

2000. oyauocepltulus (Uloch) 1594

CONTKNTS.

XV

. J 552

. 1552

. 15511

. 1554

.. 1555

. . 1555

.. 1557

. . 15ri7

.. 1558

.. 1559

.. 1550

.. 1559

,.. 15(10

... 1501

... 15t!l

... 1502

... 1502

... 1503

... 1503

... 1503

... 1504

... 1504

... 1505

.... 1500

... 1507

.... 1507

.... 1508

.... 1571
1571
1575
1570
1576
1577
1577
1578
1579
. 1579
. 1581
. 1582
. 1583
. 1583
. 1584
. 1584
. 1584
. 1585
. 1585
. 1580
. 1580
.. 1580
.. 1587
.. 1590
.. 1591
.. 1592
.. 1592
.. 1593
.. 15S4

CLASS III. nSCES-Coiiliimfd.

OlIliKU nil. ACANTIKil'TKHI ( iilltilllHll.

FaiiiUy i'LS. I.ahriiliv—Vontiwm'A. VtijH'.

20(11. iiiiifiiliiiiiina (MiilKir iV Tiomliel) 1504

2002. liivitlittu.H (Hlocli) 1595

2003. iliHpiliiH (<liliitliPr) 1597

2004. kirsciiii, .Ionian &, Kverinnim 1608

200,"i. jMipyi (SIcindai'liiKT) 1509

2000. cnudalin ( I'ooy) 1500

2007. piot iiH ( r<M'y ) 1599

(JeniiHOim. OxyjiiliH. «iill 1001

2008. taiit'oriiiiiis ((iiinther) 1001

OuiiiiH 037. KiMiiierkiu, Jordan \ Kverinann .. 1001

2000. vonnstii (Jonkhm A Kvfrnuiun) 1002

0»nnH 038. Julidio, Jordan it K verniann 1002

2010. adust im ((JillMMt) 1002

201 1. noto8i>iliiH ( t i iin tlu'i) 1603

(H-niis 0;i9. I'HtndoJ mUh, HK" ker 1C04

2012. tnoiimtiiH, (iillM>rt 1004

2013. niclanot if, i 1 ilbi<rt 1005

0«nn« 040. Cliloritli t liyH, Swainwoii 1005

2014. linaHanim (<iill) 1007

2015. Hocoiroiiiisis ((Jilbert) 1007

2010. ni t iduH ((1 iintln(r) 1008

2017. nit idissdiMiis (< Joodo) 1 008

2018. Mtcimlarlinori (Jordan) 1009

2010. bil'aHciatus (Hlodi) 1609

2020. {{•■"""""♦^i*""' (t'ilbert) 1010

2021. virena (Gilbort) 1010

GenuH 041. Dorutonotns, ( Juntluir 1011

2022. niogalt'iiis, Giint lier 1011

t ii'nns 042. Xy rnla, Jordan 1612

2023. jessiio (Jordan) 1012

Geuus 043. Novacnlichthys, IJlcokor 1013

2024. roHipes (Jordan & (iilbert) 1014

2025. ventralix (Bean) 1015

2026. inlirniu8(Hean) 1010

2027. nuirtiuiceuBis (Cuvier & Valencieunes) 1010

Genus 044, Xyricht UyH, Cuvier 1017

2028. niundiceps, Gill 1018

2029. psittacus (Liumi'us) 1018

2030. niodcstus, Pooy 1619

Genu8 045. luiistius, Gill 1619

2031 . luuudicorpus, Gill 1020

Family (JLXI. Searidcv 1020

Geuu!4 040. CryptutonuiH, Cope 1021

2032. dontien8(Poey) 1023

2033. retractus (Poey) 1623

2034. u8tH8 ((Juvier & Valeucienueg) 1624

2035. auropunctatus (Cnvier it Valencieuuea) 1624

2036. boryllinus, Jordan & Swain 1025

2037. roseuB, Cope 1626

GenuH647. Calotonius, Gilbert... 1626

2038. xenodon, Gilbert 1026

Genus 048. Sparisonia, Swainson 1627

Subgenus Sparisonia 1630

2030. xyatrodon, Jordan & Swain 1630

2040. atoniariuin (Poey) 1031

2011. radians (Cuvier Si. Valenciennes) 1031

3030 II

XVI

CO^TKNTS.

i!

!■ |l

i '*

1;!-

Is' '

III

(•LASS III. I'lSC'KH-Oontiniiod.

OKDKK Kli. AiANinnl'TEKI -( 'oiltlmifMl.

Fainilii <'IjXI. .S'c(i;-i(/(i'--('ontiiiu««l. I'aRf.

'JU42. Iioploiiiyittnx (Copu) l(i:il>

2U4;i. iii|)li(>lili>H, Jordan &, Bolliiinn lfl:):i

2044. aunit'rcimtmii ((.'iiviur& Valoiicinunus) 1034

204.'). oxybravliiiiiii (Pooy) 1031

2010. abiltlKaftidi (lllocli) \m:>

2047. tllslinotiiiii (I'o<\v) WM

204H. «liry»opt<Tiiin ( Hloch &. Schneider) 10;iO

2019. Idiilo, Jordan & Swain 1037

20,')0. virido ( Honnaterr*)) 1038

SubgcniiH KimrariiH, Jordan &- Kvi^nnnnn 103U

2051. Mtri«atuni (diintluM) 1030

20r.2. fl»vt>H<»'nH (HIocli it Schneider) 1030

2053. rnl)ri|>inne(Uuvior & ValencionnuH) 1040

2054. hrachiahMl'oey) 1641

2055. niaHuhnloH]>iloH (lileekcr) 1041

2050. liondosum (Cnvier) 1042

Gonns 010. Scarna, ForHkiil 1042

Sul>(.!unnH ScariiM 1045

2057. punutulatnt) (Cuvior it VaUtiiuiunnuH) 1045

2058. bolhnani, Jordan it E vernmiin 1040

2050. ta-niopternH, DeHniaruxt 1640

2000. ararauga ((iiinther) 1047

2001. t riH|>in4>si!i<, Cu vior & Valenciennes 1048

2062. ru/.aniihi', Uean 1648

2(l<>3. votiila ( Uhioli it Schneider) 1040

2004. gnat hodns, Pooy 1050

Subgenu8 Callioilon (Uronow) Schneider 1 050

2005. croiccnHiH ( IMoch) 1650

2000. evernianni, Jordan.'. 1051

2067. llavoinarginatuH, Cnvier it Valenciennes 1652

2068. acntUB, I'oey 16,52

2009. caTulens (Bloch) 1052

2070. enUdeniaticus, Jordan &. Kutter 1654

Genus 0.50. I'sentlosearuH, Uleoker 1656

Subgenus Prteudoscarns 1055

2071. cd'leHtinns (Cuvier it Valenciennes) 1055

2072. simplex, Poey 1056

2073. pleianuH (Pooy) 10.56

Subgenus Loro, J ordan it Everniann 1 057

2074. guacamaia (Cuvier) 1657

2075. perrico (Jordan it Gilbert) 1658

Grou I > Zeoidea 1 059

Family CLXII. Xeidm 1059

Genus 651. Zeuopsis, Gill 1660

2076. oeellatuH (Storer) 1660

Genus 052. Zonion, Jordan &, Evennann 1601

2077. hololepis (Goode & Bean) 1661

Genus 653. Oreosonia. Cuvier & Valenciennes 1062

2078. atlanticum, Cuvier & Valenciennes 1662

Group Caproidea 1663

Family CLXII I. Caproidce * 1663

Genus 654. Antigonia, Lowe 1064

2079. capros, Lowe 1665

SUBOKDER SyUAMll'INNES 1065

Family GIjXI V. EjMiypiilre 1666

Genuu 6i>5. Chmtudipterus, Lacei>edo 1607

CONTENTS.

XVII

. ifl:i;i

. 1034
. 1031

. i«3ri

. 1035
,. 1030
.. 1037
.. 1038
.. 1630
.. 1030
.. 1030
.. 1040
.. 1041
.. KUl
.. 1042
.. 1042
... 1045
... 1045
... 1040
. .. 1040
... 1047
... 1048
... 1048
... 1040
... 1050
, ... 1050
.... 1050
.... 1051
.... 1052
.... ia'.2
.... 1052
.... 1054
.... 1056
.... 1C»55

1055

1050

1050

1057

1057

1058

1050

1050

1000

1000

.. 1601
.. 1601
.. 1002
.. 1602
.. 1063
... 1663
... 1664
... 1665
... 1665
... 1666
... 1607

CLASS in. IMSCKS— (Jontlii I.

OlllPKK int. .Vi ANllUil'IIICI Colli iniicil.

Fniiiilu CLXIV. i:i>liii>i'iilf (.'oiiliiiiHil.

Pnjte.

.. lOOH

2080. Iiilwr ( ItroiiHsoni'l )

20H1 . /.oiiiit iiH (( i Irani ) 1008

< it'll ii« oriO. I'miipNi'ltiiM, st««iii(liU'linMr nmo

IMIH'.'. piilliiliit'lisis, StrillilaclllHM' 1000

hum ill) CI. .V 1. ' 'lid'ti'iloiiliihv lOOII

(IclillH 057. ^^<lKImtllO(l^•^^, Hill 1071

2(IH;1. acilU-al iin ( I'lU'V ) 1071

(SiiiiimOSH. Korcipincr, Junliin \ M((in'j{i<r 1071

2084. Ilii\ iHHiiiiux, .Iiinlaii \ Mrtlrnnor 1071

( ieinift (I'd). (Jliiiltnloii ( Aiti'(li) Mi;liaim Hi72

Siili<;riiiiH Clia'liMloillopH, ItlofkiT 1073

2086. iiiKiir()«t lis ((Jill) 1073

2080. (Mt^Uai 1I.S, lUocli 1074

20H7. liilliHliiliM, (iiilltluT 1074

2088. smU'iitariiiM, I*ot\v 1075

20H9. aya, .Ionian 1075

2000. ata'liiatii.>*(l'o(«j; 1670

2001. MtriatiLs, MiiiiaiiM 1077

Siiliui'iiiiM ('ha'toiloii 1677

2002. capi.'^tnituM, Liiiiia'iiH 1077

2093. liiicfi, Smith 1078

(;oiiu.s 000. Poiiiaraiithiis, Lai'«'-pt'(l«) 1070

SuliKitniiH PoiiiacaiithiiH 1070

2004. an iiat iih ( Liiiiiaiis) 1070

200'.. parii ( r.locli) 1080

Siili«<'iiiiH Poniai'antlioileH, (Jill 1081

2000. /.oiiipcctim (dill) 1081

(icniis 001. Holat'RiitliiiH, LacC^pt^do 1082

2007. passer, ValBiiciciiiifH 1082

2008. rlarioiifiisiH, (lilbfrt 1083

2000. I ricolor ( Hlo(!li ) 1 (W4

U(M>iiH 002. .\iigt!lit'litliy«, Jordan it Kvoniianii 1081

2 100. ciliaris ( Liniiau.s) 1084

2101. i.'^abiilita, Jordan \ UutttT 1085

2102. iodociLs, Jordan \ Uiittor 1080

Familij ( 'LX Vl. /andiiiir I(i87

(ionuM 003. /ancliiH, Ciivier & Valcnciennos 10H7

2103. cornutiiH ( Liinia'U.s) 1087

raiiinii CLXVII. TeiithitHiUv 1088

Genus (iOl. 'IViitliis, LinnaMis 1680

2104. trio.stc;;us (LiniiiruH) 1000

2105. caTuIciLS (IMoch it Schneider) 1001

2100. liepatiiH, Linnii-us 1001

2107. crostonis, Jordan it Starks 1602

2108. Itaiiianiis ((Jastlonau) 1693

2100. aliala (Lesson) 1003

Genus 065. Xesurus, Joi'dan it Evcnnaiin 1004

2110. pnnctatus (Gill) .*..... 1004

2111. clarlonis, Gilbert & Starks 1605

2112. latictavius ( Valenciennes) 1605

()KI)Ell I'C. Pl.KCTOONATIlI 1696

SimOKDEK Sfl.EKODKKMI 1697

Famili/ CLXVII I. Triaeantliidw I(i97

Genus 660. llollardia, Poey 1097

2113. holhinii, Poey 1008

Family VLXIX. Baliittidix I(i08

XVIII

CONTENTH.

Ik

CLAMS in. I'I(;KS— Contlniuul.

OlIliKK lilt. .VrANIMulTKKI (Ulllliiniltll.

Ftimihi CI.X I X. /((i{t'/t^'i/(f-'('<Miliiiui«l. rngo.

(ii'iiiiH()*l7. llaliMtrH (.\i'tcill) Liiinii'iiM lilUU

Sllll){tMIIIH ('ll|lliH(MIM, ltlltllM<NI|lll<., ITIHI

•Jin. |m(I.v1i|iIm, Stfliuliioliiiir 17(MI

'Jliri. iiniirriiKioiii, Joriliin &. StarkH 1700

'.'I in. I'liriiUiM-iiMlH, ( iini'llii 1701

2117. l'oni|mtiiH, (linnlln 1702

SllllKtMIIIM HaliHtt'H 1703

•JllH. viitiilii, MiimiMm 17o;i

(innm 0(18. I'lirliyiiiitJiiiH, Snalimoii 170:i

•Jl 111. ciipist rut iiH (.Sim w) 1704

(ii'inirt (UIU. Clint liiilcriniH, Swuiimuii l7ori

aU'O. Hobiico, I'.M«.v 1 70ft

•-'I'.'l. Hiitlliiiiifii ( M ItclillI) 1700

•-'121!. iiiiuiiliitiiH (lUoch) 1700

2rj:i. williiKhlM'il (I,uv \ Itt'Diictt) 1707

(ion IIS 070. Xiiiitliit'htiiyM, Kuii|) I'OH

'.'l'J4. rliinfim (Liniiii'iiH) 1701)

212r). niuiilo (Jonliiii \ tlilliert) 1710

(ioiiiiH 071. MttliclMli.vH, SwiiiiiHoii 1711

2rJ0. iiiiTiiH (I'ocy) 1711

2127. lliH|llllOMIIH, (iillKM't 1711

Fain ill) f'/y.V.Y. Mmtacaiitliitlw 1712

(iciiim 072. t'liiitliiTiiH'H, SwaiiiNoii 17 Ki

212H. |iullii.i (JtHii/.iiiii) 17i:i

21 '-'O. rarolii', .Ionian &, McOrc^tor 17111

(iuniiH07:i. Miiiiiu^aiithiiH, (y'livicr 1714

2130. rilliilim (Mitcliill) 1714

2131. liiH|ii(liii4 (LiiiiiiiMiM) 1715

2132. H|)iloiiol IIH, ('a>\w 1710

2133. i>|t|iiiHiliiN, I'ocy 1710

(ioiiim 074. I'mMiiltiiiiiiiiiicaiitliiiH, lUi'ckrr 1717

2134. aiiiidiioxys (( 'opo) 1717

(iviiim 07.'). .Vliiti'ra, ('iivi«>r 1717

SiiligeiiiiH (^'ratacantliiiH, (iill 1718

2135. HclKiplli ( Walbaiiiii) 1718

2130. |)uii('tata, Aga.sHiz 1718

Siilt^fiiiiM O.Hliuckia, Jorilau &, KvtTiiiauii 1710

2137. s<ri|ita (Oxbeck) 17iO

.Sul)p!iiiiH \ Iiitera 1720

2 1 3H. iiiiiiHMcnis (()sb(!«k) 1 720

SUIK (llDKIt ( )aTII.\((ll)KKMI 1 7'JO

Familii CLXXI. iUtraeiidm 1721

( ioiiim 070. Lactopliry H, .Swaiimoii 1721

Siib<reiiiiH UliiiicMoniiiH, SwaiuHoii 17*22

2139. 1 liqueter ( Liiiuauis) 17'J2

Siib;;()iiUH CbaiiiiiiiM, Jurdau & Evcriiiaim 17'23

2140. bicaiidaiiH (Liniui'us) 1723

Subgenus Lactopbrya , 1 723

2141. trigonus (Liniia'us) 1723

Subgenus Acantliostracion, Uleoker 1724

2142. ti'icoriiiH (Liiiiiieua) 17'24

SunORDEK ( I YMNODONTES 1720

Familji VLXXII. Tetiaodontida- 1720

(lUuus 677. Lagocephalus, S wainsoii 1727

2143. bevifjatii.s (Liimurus) 1728

2144. pacLycephaliM (Uauzaiii) 1728

HI

ill!

CONI'KNTS.

MX

.. I (tug

.. 17(XI

.. nwt

. . 1700
. . 17IM
. . 1702

. . i7o:i
.. i7oa
.. noa

.. 1704
.. 1705

.. i7or)

.. 1700
.. 170«
.. 1707
... 1708
... 1700
... 1710
... 1711
... 1711
... 1711
... 1712
... 17ia
... 17i;«

... i7ia

... 1714
... 1714
... 1715
... 171(1
... 1710
. . 1717
.... 1717
.... 1717
.... 1718
.... 1718
.... 1718
.... 171!)
.... 1711)
... 1720
... IT'JO
... 17'.'0
... 1721
... 1721
... 1722
.... 1722
.... I72;»
.... ]72:i
.... 1723
.... 1723
.... 1724
. 1724
. 1726
.. 1726
.. 1727
.. 1728
.. 1728

Cr.AKH Ml. I'lSCKS-Contlniud.

OlIDKIt lilt. Al'ANIIIolTKHI Colli Iminl.

Familii <7,.V.V//. Tftniiiiloiitiilif CiMilliiiinl. Vngv.

(iciiiiH niH. MphiToiilcN, l,m riH'tlo I7'.1f

Siilici'iiiiM Split'ioJiluM 1731

214ri. iiii;:iiMt li'i>|)M (.Iniy UN) 173 1

2140. liiliatiiH (Sli'iiMlncliiHtr) 1731

2117. n|ifimlt rl (lUiM'h) 1732

■-'UH. iiiii<iiliitiiK(l«liMli \ Sclinciilcr) 1733

.'Uli. niitrinoratiirt (Uiin/.iiiii) 1733

Siiliu«'ini»<'li«'lll<'lill'.NH. MiHI«r 1734

21.'iO. litsliiiliiii'iiM (l.iniiii'iiN) 1731

2l.'il. iiiiiiiiliitiiM (■(t'liyiiM) t73r>

21BI((. pollliiM ((ilrnril) 1730

2iri2. loriiiiiitiiH (<ii)ntli<M-) 173(1

2I.')3. I'mllil (.Slclndiirlmoi) 1737

21(44. lri(li<Mt>phiiliiH (Cope) 1737

2ir>r.. pmhyuaHtcr (Miillrr *. Ti-ohcIicI) 173S

(it'll IIS (170. ()v(iiili-H, r.ui't''|i('il(> I73H

2150. or<>tlii/.oii (.lorilnn \ (lillioit) 1730

2ir.7. m-toMiiH ( Hum Smith) 1730

( llMIIIH (WO. ( 'ololllCHIIH, < i ill 1740

21.''iH. pHlttiicilH (MUh-Ii a S«Iiiich1i>i) 1740

Fiimilii CLXXIll. i'ntithiiiaitiiidiit 1740

(IciiiiH (Wl. CnntliiuiiMtor, SwainHoii 1741

2^0. piiiK'tatiaHiiiiiiH ((iiiiillior) 1741

21(10. nmtratUH (IM(wli) 1741

FiiMil!) (U.XXI y. IHtHhmliiUf 1742

(i«"iiiiMfl82. TricliiMUoiliiii, Itlmkcr . 17-l'i

2101. piliiHim (Milcliill) 1743

(ieiiim 0S3. 1 (IimIoii, Liiiiia'iiH 1744

2102. liystrix, LliiiiaiiH 1745

2163. liolacaiitliiiH, Liiinu'iiH 1740

2104. iiiariilirur, Kaiip 1747

Omiu.s 084. Cliiloiiiyctorim, liiliroii 1747

Siiligfiiim Cy<'n<'htliy8, Kaiip 17J8

2165. Bcliii'ptI (Wallmiini) Vi-^r,

2100. HpinoHiiH, Liiiiiu'u.s 1740

2107. aiitillariiiii.Jordun & Itiitter 1740

2108. niitciiiintim (Ciivior) 1750

SiiligtMiUH (JliiloDiycttTim 1750

2100. atiii;:rt ( LiimaMis) 1750

2170. califdi'iiioimiH, Eigoniiiaiiii 1751

(ioiiiiaOHn. LyoHplui'ra, Evorniaiiii \- KimkIuH 1751

2171. gliiboRa, Kvurinaiin tt Kundall 1751

Vamilji CLXXV. MolitUn 1752

(iciiiisflSO. Mola, Ciivier 1753

2172. iiiola(LiiiiiiriiH) 1753

( ieiiuH 087. Kan/.aiiiu, Nardo 1755

2173. triim;ata(Uotziii8) , 1755

SUIIOKDEK LOKICATI 1750

Faviily CLXX VI. Scnrjufnidce 1 758

(f 0IHI8 088. Sebnst«'s, Ciivier . 1700

2174. innriiiiis (LiiiiiauiH) 1700

GoniiH 080. Sebastolobua, Gill 1701

2175. alascaniis, Beau 1701

2170. aUivelis, (5ilbiTfc 1763

GeiiiiH690. SobaHtodea, Gill 1705

Subgenus Emmelaa, Jordan &. E vemiauu 1777

XX

CONTKNIS.

HI'

f •

<'I.AS.S III PlHCKS-r'ttnflmnil.

OliDl'll Itlt. Al'ANTMiil'IKIil ('linlilllli-ll.

>'(it/i(7j/ '7, A'.V r/. Sciivjiiiiiiilif (,'oiitlnnnil, Pn(j''.

'.'177. i{Ihiiiiim ;llll>;t<ii(lorf) 1777

HiiliKi'tiuH ScliiiKlinli'H 177H

il7H.

iliiiii,(illli.rt I77M

2I7II. V. I'''i I'Iki'IKiii*"" >^ l''.lt(<'i)iiiiilili 1771)

Sill

JlHO. |)iiliriH|il||iM ( V\II'
lUI'IIIM SrIlllMlllHIIIIIIIH,

(illl

17Hlt

I7HI

'.MHI. Iliivliluft (AvniK) rni

'JIH'.'. H<>rriiiii:lilt'>t, KI^Hiitiiiiiiii iV l''i({i<uiiiuiiii I7M'J

•JIH.I. iiH-litiiii|M (( i h i»i(l) |7H'J

Siiliuniiim ri'lriiu^<|iiMa, Ki^ciiiniiiiii iV lliii<Hiin. I7HII

•JIHI. rllliiliix Crili-Hliiii) l7H;t

'JIH:.. iiiyHtiiiiiM, .liiriliiii .V Cillii-rl 17H4

Siilij{i>iiiiM Aculiiiiifiitiini, Ki^riiiiiiiiiii A llt't'Hoii l7Hr>

■JIHII. i'iiIiiiiii'Ijik (.loriliiii .V (illlifrt) 17Hr.

2IH7. nil'iiH, l'.l;:)<iiiiiiiiin A Klgt'iiiiiiuin ITHit

'JIHH. iiiiu'iloiiiilill (l''l);i'iiiiiiiiiii iV Mt't^HOii) 17Hfl

•JiH'.t. lir<vl8iiliilH(n<(iui) 17H7

•Jimi. ovftllH (A.vriM) 17H8

'.Mill. itiutMiiiiiiiiiii, ('raiiHT 17H0

1!10'J. liopkliiMl, Ciiiiiicr 17H1I

•JlOll. uliitiiH (Cillicrl) 170(1

21U4. |>nnl(,'ir (.Innlim A (iillmrl) 17ir2

SiiliK<>iiiiH Iiosiciila, •Idi'iliiii tV Kvoniiitiiii I7li:t

'JIlK'i. piiiiilgcr (dill) 170:i

L'lUn. iiiiiiiiituM (.lonliiii .V (iillM<rt) 17114

Silli;;oiMiH /iilopyr, ilnrdiiii A- ICvci'iiiiiiiii 170.'i

'J107. atoiiliuiiiiH, <1(ii'il:in A l''.V(ti

iiiniin.

17115

'JI98. at mriibfiiH ( i illx^it 17110

•JlliO. iilioviroiiH (.lonliiii \ OillMft) 171)7

Siil)|;t'iiih< K<)H«lia«ti'x, •Iiinlan it Kvcriiiuiiii 170H

'.".'(HI. Hii X iiolii (( i 11 l)crt ) . . . 1 79H

!JOI.
!'.>l)i;.

iiiiori, .1 ordaii 171>l)

si'iuiciiu'tiiH, (iilliitrt.

IHOO

•J'J03. illjiloinoii (( Jilhtit) 1801

'.'201. aurora (nillHTl) IHd'J

'J'.Miri. nii'laiioKlDiiiiiM, Kiguiiiiiaiiii it Eii;ouinaiin 18011

'SMfi. i 111 roil l;r('i' (( i illicrt ) 1 8(i;i

Suli;;i)Mlls SiiliastomilB, (iill 180,"i

2'.'07. riihcrriiiiiiH, Cranicr

18(1*1

2'J()8. coiiMtcllatim (.Ionian \-. (Jilliert.) IHHO

'J'JdO. iiiiilirotiiiH (.lordaii \ (iilbcrt) 1807

'J'-'IO. losaooiin (< llrard) 1808

2211. ayroHfl, liilliort \- Cranifr 18(i8

2212. iliodoclilorin (.lordan iV (Jillioit) 1801)

22111. cos, Kigoiiri)aiin it lOiKi'iiinatin 1810

1811

2214. gilli, Kl;;i-iiiiiaiiii it I''i{;<>iiiiiaiiii

2215. rhlorostictim (Jordan it ({illM-rt) 1811

2210. niitt stri» (G illtort) 1812

Siiltycniis IIlxjiaiiiBcuH, Craiimr 18111

2217. siiicnHiH (Cilbirt) 181;!

2218. /a«'(!ntriiH(( Iilbcrt) 1814

221!). ol(ni]L;atus ( Ajtoh) 181.''.

1810

2220. IcvJH (Ki<;('niiiann it Ki-^cniiianii)

2221. rubrivinctiis (Jordan it (iillu-rl) 1817

iSnb^(<iiii.s AncloH)>ina, Ki<;(;nnianii it Bt'i-son 1817

2222. audculututi (tiiniid) 1817

I'l".

CONIKNTH.

X.M

. 1777

. 177«

. I77H

. 1770

. 17»t

. I7HI

. PHI

,. 17M'2

.. ITH'i

,. 17h;i
.. i7h:i

. . 17HI

.. i7Hr.
.. i7Hr.

. . 17H0

.. i7Hn

.. 17H7

.. 17H8

.. 178U

.. 17H11

.. 170(1

.. nm
. . I7ii:t

... 17011
... 17114
... 179.1
... 17116
.. 171tB
... 171t7
... 170H
... 170H
... 1700
... IHOO
... 1801
... IHd'JI
... 18011

... ]8ii:i

... iHor.

... i8(iri

... imiti

. .. 1807

. ... 1808

... 18(18

.... 1800

. ... 1810

.... 1811

.... 1811

.... 181J

.... 18i:i
.... I8i;i

.... 1814

... I8ir.

.... 181(!
.... 1817
.... 1817
.... 1817

CLASS III. IMSCKS -f'niitlmiixl.

IMlliKK Jill. A< A.MIIiil'IKItl (illllllllll'll

/'iiifii/;/ (7. .V.V r/. Senriiintutin CniililKMHl, I'liUO.

'.".".''.>>i. ilullli (Kiui'lllilillin .V llci'Moli) IHIH

Sllltltl'MIIH l'tl'l'll|MMlllM, Klui'lllllllllll tV IIOt'HOII I81U

■.'■i-.':i. niNriKlllucr (.liiiiluii .V Olllxtrl) 1810

'J'J'Jt. cudriMiiM (Klt'liiirilHiiii) 18'iU

•txa. vcxIIIiiiIm (.loriliiii A (illlN<rt) IM31

r.'-.'O. iiii)li|{i'r(.ri>r<liiii .V lilllM'rt) I8'J-J

Ti'l'i. gllliorll, < 'iHiih r |M2:i

■r.'-.'H. i-iiriiatiiit (.lurilidi \ (iillM<r() I8'J4

Vi'M. rlir.VMiiiii<'lHM (.loriliiii .V (iillMirt) \Wift

22:10. iikIiiiIiiniih ( A v rcM) I H'Jfl

Slll*|{i>llllM St'llilHt iriilii VM. I i III M'il

'.'2:il. Hi'rrloi<|iM (.loriliiii .V. Cillitrt) 18.'7

22:1.'. nluriM liH'fUH (.Vynm) 1887

(ivniiN (llll. S«liiii«lo|iiH, ( i III I8:t5

22:1:1. xyi'lH, .lorilaii A (Slllifrt H':.'>

(ii'iMm (i02. litOK'iiloiiiiH. (i(MNltt A Htmii I8:ill

22:14. (liK'tyloptt^riiM (l>i' Ilk Koi'liK) 18:i7

22:15. iiiikiicrfiiHiH, (ItMMlK Si. Ili'iin I8:i7

(ionim (lti:t. Scuriiiiiiit (Arlcili) LIiiiiii'iim ISIIO

22:10. aKiiMHi/.il, (iiMi(l<< Ik. Kviin 1840

22:t7. crlMtiilulu, (iwnlr A llfuii 1841

22:i8. liriiMJIUtiiHls, Ciivior A ValtiiuiuiiiiPM 1842

22:10. lilMtrici, JcnynH 184;i

2240. iHiiiiiimii, ( 'riiiixr 1845

2241. KiiHtttii, (ilriinl 1847

2242. pliiralorl, Itlitcli 1818

224:1. iiiyMlcH, .ronliiii A Sturku 18411

2244. (|;riiii(ll('i)riiiM, (Olivier A VitlPiifiPiiiu-ii 1850

2245. riiHHdiii, •Ionian A' Itulliiiiiii 18,'il

2240. Hoiioni', iloiikiim A' Kvt'riiianii 1852

2247. IiktihIh, 'JiivItT A N'aleiirii'iiiifx 185:i

OeiniM (i04. I'diit iiiiiH, INioy 1854

2248. iiiaci'dli'plH, (ioiHid A Boaii 1855

2240. raHtor, I'(K\y 1850

2250. polldx. I'uoy 1857

2251. rathliuni, Odoild A Itoaii 1 1857

2252. ldiiKU|iiuiM, < idddd A lli'uii 1858

225;i. Mieria ((jIIImtI) 18.10

GoiMis 005. SittarclivH, •IdhiiHoii 1800

2254. iMirinatim, Goddd I860

Family VLXXVII. Anoplopoinutiihf 1801

(it'iidH 000. An(>]ildiioina, Ay res 1861

22.15. (Idil.ria ( PullaH) 1862

(i«iiUH(m7. KiilfpJK. Gill 1862

2256. zdiiil'cr ( l,d<kinj;toii, 1863

Fainiln <^LXX VII I. llfxaijntinuihlw 180.')

Genus 608. Pled logiainnms, Gill . 1864

2257. inonopteryginH ( I'nilus) 1804

Gunu.s 000. JIuxagraninioH (Steller) TilesidH 1860

2258. dueuKruninius (Tallus) 1867

2250. O('ton:ranmid.s (Tallns) 1860

2200. stellerl, TileHiiiR 1871

2261. mipoicilioHUS ( Pallas) 1872

2262. lagoeeplmliis ( Pallas) 1873

Gt!UdH7(K). Opliiiiildn. (iiraril 1875

2263. uluugutus, Giranl 1875

m

XXII

CONTKNT8.

•I'lif

CLASS III. TISCKS-ConUr.iioil.

ORDBII lt:t. AcANTIIOI'TKKlConUnilcll.

lamili/ (JIjXXYUL //exaj/cammu/rt'— Continued. PaR«-

OoiiiiB 701. /nniolepiH, (Jiniril 1876

2204. Intipinnin, Oiiaril 1870

2265. l'ienat.118, Kifrenniniin 1877

(Ic-niiH 7(12 ( )x> IcliidH, ( ii!l 1878

226(1. i)ict 118. (J ill 1878

Familii OLXXIX. CottUhv 187»

«Ji'n(iH70X .lordiinia, StarliH 1884

2267. /.onotm, .Stalks 1884

(ioniis 704. I'aricctllniiB, Ki;:cniiianii &. Kijrcnniann l(*8b

22(>8. lu)])liti(^iiH, ICi^viDiiaiin \' Ellgcuniann 1880

(iiMir.s 705. A (;i<l(!a, .Ionian &. Kverniniin 1886

22(il». { !<(il>nnii (( i ilburt) 1887

Gonus7(M!. Scorpirniclilliys, (iirard 1889

2270. niannoratuH (AyrcH) 1889

Opuiis707. CbitunotiiH. Lockinifton 1880

2271. iHigi'tensi.s (.Steindufilimii) 1890

(ioniLs 708. Tnrandiclitliya, Jordan & Evennann 1801

2272. cavifrons ((Jilbert) 1891

2273. iilaniontosus (Gilbert) 1892

2274. leniiiH (Gilbert) 1893

GeniiH 709. Icolinua, Jordan 1 894

2275. (imbriatus, Gilbert 1804

2270. ociilatuH, Gilbert 1805

2277. boiealifi, Crilbert 1896

2278. «i nadriHcriatus (Loi^kington) 1897

2270. stralio, Starks 1897

GenH8 710. Astrolytos, .Jordan \-. Starks. 1898

2280. notospilotHH (Girard) 1899

2281. fenestralia (Jordan <;.. Gilbert) 1899

Genus 71 1. Arcliistos, Jordan & Gilbert 1900

2282. pluniarius, Jordan & Gilbert 1900

Genus 712. Artedius, Girard 1902

2283. laterali-s (Girard) 1902

2284. asperulus, Starks 1903

Genus 713. Axyrias, Starks 1903

2285. liarringt^jni, Starks 1904

Genus 714. Artediellus, Jordan 1905

228C. itncinatus ( Reinliardt) 1905

2287. tttlanticus, Jordan & Evermann 1900

2288. paciflcus, Gilbert 1900

Genus 715. R.iscariuB, Jordan &. Starks 1008

• 2289. ineaqyi, Jordan & Starks 1908

Genus 716. Kastrinus, Jordan Si. Evermann 1 909

2200. scutiger (Bean) 1009

Genus 717. Icolus, Kriiyer 1911

2291. bicornls (Keinbardt) 1911

2292. spiniger, Gilbert 1914

2293. euryops, Bean 1915

2294. Ticinalis, Gilbert 1916

2295. canaliculatus, Gilbert 1917

2290. .australis, Eigenniann &. Eigcomann 1918

Genus 718. Radulinus, Gilbert 1019

2297. boleoides, Gilbert 1019

2298. asprellus, Gilbert 1020

Genus 719. Stelgi.strnm, .Ionian & Gilbert 1921

2280. Btejuegori, Jordan & Gilbert » 1921

I?

CONTKNT8.

XXIII

PaRe.

''^^m

... 1876

^^B

... 1870

l^M

... 1877

H

.... 1878

^H

.... 1878

^^H

.... 1879

'^H

.... 1884

'^9B

.... 1884

^^B

.... 1<'85

'i^m

.... 1880

i^H

.... 1880

'JB

.... 1887

'JH

.... 1889

^^B

.... 1889

:^B

.... 1889

I^B

.... 1890

'^B

.... 18U1

H|

. ... 1891

*^

1892

^

1893

■ti^

1894

:.'|

1894

J

1895

1

1896

1897

1
it

1897

1898

i

1899

i

1899

1900

1900

,'■

1902

'i

1902

1903

1903

'

1904

■■;

1905

1905

1906

1900

1008

1908

1909

1909

1911

1911

1914

1915

'9

1016

1017

^

1918

.... 1919

^

.... 1919

*

... 1920

1

.... 1921

i

.... 1921

i

CLASS III. PISCKS-Continiiwl.

OiiDKK HU. ArANTiioi'TKUi— Contlniiod.

Vaviily CLXXIX. Cottida—CmxUnmil Page.
«J«'niis7'J0. Tiijilops, noinlianlt 192;!

2:i()0. piiigiii, Koinlinrdt 19'-3

2;mi1 . licaui, Gilbert 1924

2;t()2. Hceiiticna, Gilbert • 102.">

Genus 721 . Sternlas, Jordan &. Evermniin 1920

23o:i. xeiiostlict us (Gilbert) 19"-7

(ieiiiiH 722. Piioni.xtiiis, Ilean 1927

2301. inacelliiK Ilean 1028

Genus 723. Klimiirn, Gilbert ••- 1030

2305. lorflcata, Gilbert 1030

Genus 724. Melietes, Hean 1932

2300. i-apilio, Ilean 1032

Genus 725. Ilemilepidotus, Ciivier 1934

2307. Jordan!, Bean 1934

2308. bemilepldotUH (Tilosius) 1935

Genu ' 726. Calycilepidotns, A yres 1930

2300. rtpinosus, Ayres 1937

(ienuH 727. Enopbrys, Swainson 1037

Subgenus Asjiieot tus, Girard 1938

2310. bison (Girard) 1938

Subs'.'nus En()i)brys 1938

2311. t'laviger (Cuvier & Valenciennea) 1838

Geiri8 728. Ceratocottua, Gill 1939

2312. Incasi, Jordan it Gilbert 1940

2313. diceraus (Pallas) 1040

Genus 720. Cottus (Artedi) Linnanis 1941

Sub<^onua Pcgodicti.s, liaflnesquo 1944

2314. asper, Ricbardson 1944

2315. K"l"«"s (Girard) 1944

2316. evernianni, Gilbert 1945

2317. rbotbeus, Eosa Smitb 1940

2318. sbasta, Jordan &. Starks 1947

2310. punctulatus (Gill) 1948

2320. BPniiseaber (Cope) 1949

2321. ictalops (Rafincsquo) 1050

Subgenus Tauridea, Jordan &. Rico 1952

2322. ricei, Nelson 1952

Subgenus Cottus 10r>3

2323. onycbus, Eigenniann & Kigcnniann 1053

2324. pollioaris (Jordan & Gilbert) 1053

2325. cognatus, Ricbardson 1954

2326. perplexus, Gilbert & Evcrmann 10,')5

2327. klauialbensis, Gilbert 1955

2328. alcuticu.s, Gilborf, 1057

2329. niiuutus, Pallas 1958

2330. beldingii, Eigenniann & Eigenniann 1958

2331. pbilonips, Eigenmaiin & Eigcnniann 1059

2332. anna\ Jordan &. Starks 19C0

2333. spilotui (Ctpo) 1961

2334. loiopoiims, Gilbert A; Everniann 1962

2335. princeps, Gilbert 1962

Genus 730. TTranidea, Do Kay 1963

2336. bendirci ( Ilean) , 1964

2337. greenei, Gilbert it Culver 1965

2338. niarginata, Ilean 1965

2339. tenuis, Everniann & Meek 1900

XXIV

CONTKNTS.

CLASS III. PICKS-Coiitinuod.

OitDK.n lUi. ArANTiioi'TKiii- C(>ntiiniP<1.

Famllji (HjXXIX. CotliiUr ~(Unit'mwi\. Tagci.

•J.'UO. fniiikliiu (A>,'iiHHi') 19<57

ZiU. kuiiilifiiii, llii.v '.1107

234L'. giiu'ilis MIcMkel) li»OH

2.'I4:(. fcniiKtaii (< : irnid) lOtiU

'2344. lioy i, I'utiimii lOflO

(iriiiin7;il. Myoxocephiiliis (Sfolln) TilcsiiiH 1970

Snliycniis Acnntliocottiis, (lirmd 1071

'Jiun. biilmliM (KupliiusiMi) 1071

2340. ii'iutis (M i tvlilll) 1072

2347. s((»ri)ioi«lf8 (Fiibriciim) 1073

2348. HcorpiiiM (Liiiiiii'iis) 1074

2349. {iniMilniHliciis ((Jiivicr \- Valoiicii'iiiioH) 1974

;:350. <i(^to<lcciiiis]iiiiosu.s (Milcliill) 1070

Sul>ii;rr.iiH ^[yoxoci'pliuliiH 1970

2351. ])(>lyii(Miiitluu'oi)1iiiIii8. I'lilliis 1070

23.')2. .ia)k (Cuvicr & Valeiicicnuoa) 1077

2353 vcrnicosus (Heaii) 1970

23,54. .ixillaria (Gill) 1080

2355. HlcUtMi, Tilosiiis 1981

2350. inediiius, B. A. I'.can 1983

2357. iiivosiiM (l[i'r/,('iisteiii) 1084

2.158. iiijjiT ( IJeaii) 1985

Gt>iniH732. Alfgalocottii.s, (lill 1087

2350. iilatycoiilialiis (Pallas) 1087

2300. luliceiLS (( ; ilbcit ) 1088

(iciiiis 733. Zr.sticcliis, .ToiVlaii &. Kvi'rniaiiii 100(1

2301. iiroCiiiuloruin (Cilbtrt) lOilO

(icir.is 734. l)n.syc()ttns, I'.oaii 1091

2302. sctigtT, ISeaii 1001

Gflius735. Cottmifnliis, Collt^tt 1902

2303. iiiicroim, GolUitt 1002

2304. llioiiKsoiiii (Giinllicr) 1993

Genus 730. Malacocottiis, P.can 1904

2ri05. /.oiiunis, Bean 1904

Genus 737. Ai'iryrocotlim, Iferzenstcin 1905

2300. /undcri, Ilerxenslein 1095

Giniis 738. I'oioeol tiis, Gill 1090

2307. sellaiis (Gilbert) 1900

2368. quadiiitus, 15. A. Hean 1998

2300. polaiis (Sabine) 1898

2370. (iiiadiililis, Gill 1099

2371. tentaciilatiis (Ivner) 2000

Genus 750. Gncocot ins 2000

2372. (lundricornis ( LinnaMis) 2001

2373. liexac()rnis(Ki<'lianl.s()n) 2002

Genus 740. Trij^lopsis, Girard 2005

2374. tlioinpKoni, Girartl 2005

(icnus 741. <iyninoeanthus, Swainson 2000

2375. pistilliger ( I'alla.s) 200U

2370. tricuspi.^* ( Ucinlianlt) 2008

2377. Kaleatus(l$oan) 2010

Genus 742. Lcioeottua, Gti. '(l 2010

2378. birun.lo, Girard 2011

<!enus 743. Leptocitttus, (Jirard 2011

2379. arnmtus, Girard 2012

Genus 744. Clinocottus, Gill 2012

i!i-Ji

IIS

CONTENTS.

XXV

CLASS Til. TISCES— Continued.

OiUiKB JU». At ANi'iKiiiTKiii -Continiiwl.
Famili/ (U^XXIX. Cottido- -Coutimwd.
'JHWI. ininlix ((Jiriinl)

•iiK«>.
•JOl'J

(ieiiii!* iini. JNiiiitlsi'iis, .Miniau iv ivvcriiiiiiiii _iiiu

2'iM. jiriliilovius, .Ionian \- (iillxTt 2010

(ioims 751 . Nail t icht h ys, ( i irartl 'JO'.'O

2:tHi). oculofa.'Jciutiis (( iiranl) 2021

(icinm 7r)2. rica, Jordan \-. E verniann 2021

2:t!)0. inannorata (Mean) 2021

.lenns 7.')3. llt'initriittcruH, Cu vicr 2022

2301 . anioiira nun (( ! nii'lin ) 202;»

2;ti)2. cavifrons, Lockinston 20211

Conns 754. Syncliirus, Ht'an 202;i

2:i0:t. jiWU, lioan 2024

<icnu.s 7.'')5. Asrfili<'litli_v8, Jordan vV (iilbci't 2024

2;{1I4. rliodoruH, Jordan \- (iilbcrf 2025

Goiins 750. I'HyrliroliitcH, Giinthor 2025

2:t05. paradoxus, (liinllier 2020

Cenns 7.")7. (iillicrtina, Jordan \ Starks 2(r27

2:i»C. sigtdnlfs, Jordan \ Starks 2028

Fa milii < 7> AA'.Y. 7i"(( itiplinvnttldw 2020

'itMiiis 7.')8. Kani])lio('oltus, (iiintlicr 20:iO

2:i97. ricliardsoni, (iiintlu'r 20:!0

Famili/ CLXXXL Aijonldw 20H1

(jonns 759. Pereis, Scoimli 2033

2;i9S. Japonic us ( 5'allas) 2034

Genus 700. Aj;ononiaIus, Guiclnnot 2030

239'.t. iirolioHcidalis ( Valenciennes) 2037

Genus 7(>l. Hypsajjonns, (Jill 203S

2400. <|uadricornis (Cnvier \-. A'aleiudcnnes) 2038

(renus 702. Stellerina, Cramer 2041

2401. xyosterna (Jordan it ('iill)ert) 2042

Goiius '(03. Occa, Jordan »t E verniann 2043

2402. verrucosa ( Lockinjjlon) 2043

2403. dodecaedron (Tilesius) 2044

Geuns 704. IJracliyopsis, Gill 2040

2404. rostral us (Tilesius) 2040

2405. He};;alicnsis (Tilesius) 2048

tJenus 705. I'allasina, Cramer 2048

2406. barliata (Steindacliner) 2040

2407. aix, Starks 2050

GoiiUH 700. Leptayonus, ( iill 20.")2

2408. rtecagonuH (Hlocli \. Sciineider) 20,V2

Genus 767. Podot lieeus, Gill 2054

2400. accipitor, Jordan &, Starka 2055

W:

::i''

i!i

Sir'

XXVI

CONTENTS.

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

Urdeii lilt. AoANTiioPTEUi— ContinncMl.

Familji CLXXXI. Aiioniil<e—VM\\i\n\wii, Page.

2410. Iianilini, Jonlun it Gilbert 2OS0

2411. Kilbertl(CoIlett) aa^S

2412. thoiniiHoni, .Tonliin &. Oillmrt 2000

21i:i. iiiiiii'DseriniiH (TiltHiiiH) 2001

2414. veternim, .roriliiii \- Sfaiks 20ti:t

(leiiimVOS. Agoniis, lllorh \. Selimider 20(14

241.'). ciiJapliractus, Liniiiius 2005

OeiiiiH 709. Sti^lgm, Cranuir 2007

241(t. \iilsuH (Jorilaii &. Gilberl) 2007

(Siinim 770. Avorrimcus, Jordan iV Starku 2000

2417. oniiuelano, Jordan & StarkH 2060

2418. stcrlehm, Gilbert 2071

Genus 771. Sarritor, Crniner 2072

2410. frenatuH Gilbert 2073

242(1. leptorbyncu.s (Gilbert) 2075

Genus 772. X.vstes, Jordan & Starks 2(170

2421. axinopliry.s, Jordan \ Starks 2076

<ienns77;t. Hatliyaj^onus, (iilbeit 2077

2422. iiiKripinnis, Gilbert 2078

(!nnu8 774. .\eno<'liiruH, (Jilbert .. 2070

242;j. pontaeanlbus, Gilbert 2080

2424. alaseanim, Gilbert 2081

2425. latlfrons, Gilbert.... 2082

2420. triaeantlius, Gilbert 2084

Genus 775. Odontojtyxis, Ii(>ekin;:t(in 2085

2427. trispinosiiH, Lo(^kinjj;ton 208')

Genus 770. IJotliragonns, G ill 2080

2428. swanii (Steindaeliner) 2080

Genus 777. Aspidoi)lioroid(!s, Laeepedc 2088

SubffenuM ITlcina, Cramer 2089

2429. olriki, Liitktn 2089

2430. guntlieri, Uean 2090

24;tl. nionopterygiiis ( I'Jocli) 2001

24:t2. bartoni, Gilbert 2002

Subgenus A no]ilagonu8, Gill 2093

2433. inerniis, (iiiutlier , 2093

Familji CLXXXII. Cyclopirridw 2094

(Jenu8 778. Cyeloptorus (.Vrtedi) LinnaMis 2090

2434. lunipus, Liniiaus 2090

Genus 779. Kuniicrotrenius, Gill 2007

243.^>. spinosiis (^^ill(^r) 2098

2436. orbis (Giintber) 2099

Genus 780. Letlirotrenius, Gilbert 2100

2437. niutieus, (;ilbert 2101

2438. vinolentus, Jordan & Starks 2101

Genus 781. Cycloi)teroide8, Garinan 2102

2439. gyrinops, Garnian 2102

Genus 782. < 'jxloi)terielit hys, Stcinilacliner 2103

2440. ventricosus (I'allas) 2104

Genus 783. Li]>arops, Garinau 2104

2441. stelleri (I'allas) 2104

Famili/ (' LXXXIII. TAparUUdw 2105

Genus 784. Neoliparis, Steindaeliner 210C

2442. atlanticHs, Jordan it Everniann 2107

2443. ru tt eri, (iilbcrt &. Snyder 2108

2444. callyodon (i'allas) 2111

CONTKNTS.

XXVII

. 2U5G
. 2058

. '2ono

. '2001

. 20o:»

.. 2004

. 2005

.. 2007

.. 2007

.. 2ocn

.. 2009
.. 2071
. . 2072
.. 2(173
.. 2075
.. 2070
.. 2076
.. 2077
. 2078
.. 2079
.. 2080
.. 2081
... 2082
... 208 t
... 2085
... 2085
... 2080
. .. 2080
... 2088
... 2089
... 2089
... 2090
... 2091
2092
. 2093
, 2093
. 2094
. 2(190
. 2090
. 2097
. 2098
. 2099
. 2100
. 2101
. 2101
. 2102
. 2102
. 2lo:t
. 2104
. 2104
. 2104
. 2105
. 210C
. 2107
. 2108
.. 2111

CLASS III. IMSCKS— Coiitlnacil.

()hi>i;k lUJ. .VrANiiioi-rKiM -Coiitiiiiioil.

Family CLXX X III- /.(><«» i(it(/(»'—C'ontiiiiu'«l. l'a);i>.

2445. iiiiicosiis ( .\ yr<n) 2111

2440. Horn', Jiirdaii \ Stiirku 2111

2447. jjrcfni, .xinlaii it StjirkH 2112

2448. ti.>(.MUiat iiM, Slaiks 2113

<;niiii.s 785. I,i|(ari!- iitt-ili) Scopoli 2114

Sulifjcnii.s I.ipari.-* 2110

2449. li|iiiiiH (I<iliiia'U.s) 2110

245(1. cvfloiMiH, (Jiintlicr ' 2118

2451 . liKTiisiH, ( 1 illn it 2110

2452. liinicatiiM, KtiiiiliartU 2120

2453. «;,'aH8i/.ii, I'litimiii 2121

2454. liiTSclii'liiiiis, St'olicld 2123

2455. (lenii.vi, ilordaii A Slarks 2124

_450. <;,vtloH(i}{ina, (iilbtTt 2125

Suhnoiiiis Lydliparis, Jonlaii & Kvcrniaiin 2120

2457. iiuIiliclliiH, A.vrtH 2120

Sul){{<'iiiiH .Vctiiiochir, Gill 2127

245H. major ((1 ill) 2127

GoinLs 780. natli.vi>lia.sma, Gilbert 2128

2459. ovJKcrmn, G ilbfrt 2128

GitiiiiH 787. (JaroproctiLs, Kriiycr 2129

Siib{:oiiii« Caroiiiilra, Jorilaii -t Kvernuuiii 2131

2400. HiliiUN, Gilbert 2131

Subf;<^uu.s Curopnx't lis 2131

2401. coUotti, tiilbirt 2131

2402. pbasiiiu, Gilbt-rt 2132

2403. spoct riiiii, Bean 2133

2464. reinlmr(li(Kriiyer) 2133

2465. ranuiii (Gmxle &. Bean) 2134

2406. osti'ntuin, ( Jilbert 2134

2407. {jolatinosiirt (Tallas) 2134

Subjjciiiis Allocliir, Jordan &. EvtTiiiann 2135

24t')8. , iielamirus, <! ilbert 2135

SiibjjoiiM.s Alliints, Jordan &. Evfrinann 2130

2409. oetcnoa, Gilbert 2130

Gei'u.H788. GyriuiclithyH, Gilbert 2137

2470. niinytremus, Gilbe;t 2137

Genus 789. Amitra, Goode 2138

2471. liparina, Goodo 2138

GenuH 790. BaralipariH, (J(dl<tt 2139

Siib;;on IIS I'aralijtari.s 2140

2472. lioloiiielas, G ilbert 2140

Siibgemis Aiuitrielilhys, Jordan &. T'verinaiin 2141

2473. eepbaliisf, Gilbert 2141

2474. ro.saceus, Gilbert 2142

2475. niento, Gilbert 2142

2476. eopei, Goode & Bean 2143

2477. dartylosiis, Gilbert 2144

Siil)geniis Hilgendorlia, Goode & Beau 2144

2478. ulochir, Gilbert .. 2144

Genus 791. Ubinoliparis, Gilbert 2145

2479. barbuliler, Gilbert 2145

ScnoRDEll CUANIOMI 2146

Family OLXXXIT. TriglUhc 2147

Genus 792. rrionotiis, Laci'pi'de 2148

iSub|j;euu8 Lrurutti'dua, Joi'dau >)i.Evenaaim 2152

.11

XXVIII

CLASS III. PICKS— (rontlniud.

CONTKNTM.

OuiiKK Hit. AcANTiioi'i'Kiti— (!oii»inueil.

Familii OLXXXJ V. 7Vij//»(/a'— (/'oiilliiuml.
2480. liiroHtiutim

I'age.

,. 'J151!

24!»:i. «»iilir.vaM, Jonlaii &. Swiiiii 21(i4

24114. sti'iinisi, i) ordaii \ Swain 21 (if!

2405. Htri;;atiiH (Ciivicr \-. Valeiiciciiiifs) 21 (i7

249(i. «nolaiis(Liimiiiis) 21(i8

2497. imiiclatiiM (niocli) 2100

24118. lumiiii, Oooile 2170

241>9. t ribiilus (Cii vioi) 2171

2500. liorroiiH, Uiclianlsoii 2172

(itMiiis 70;t. Hcllator, •Ionian \-. Kvcnuann 217H

2501. niilitaris ((lixxlo \- IJean) 21711

2502. «i;trel«a(('io(Hle A Beim) 2174

(1UI1U.S 794. Clielidonlclilliya, Ivaiip 2175

S.'iO.'l. |)i(!ti|)iMni8 (Ivaup) 2175

(ioiiUH 705. 'I'rigla ( Arlodi) LinnauiH 217(1

2504. cMicnliis, l.innii'UH 2177

Familij VI. XXX V. I'eristediUUv 2177

(ienns 790. I'eristedion, Lact'-jit^dc . . 2178

2505. niMiiat iini, Goodn 2178

2500. loiigispathtini, (ioodc &. I'ean 2178

2!J07. gracilo, (Joode \- IJoan 2170

2508. platycoplinl""'. <J<'<>dt' a I'.can 2180

Gunus 797. VitLsii^uluH, .lordau \'. Evrrniunn 2181

250:i. iniborbis (Poc.v) 2181

Family CLXXXVI. < 'eitUaliwanthuht; 2182

Geiiuij 708. Coi)lialacantliU8, Laci'-pMo 218;t

2510. volitaiiii ,i.iiuuiL'iiH) 2181!

4

' 11;

llili't

r«g«.

. 'J15'2

. '-ir.;i
. 2ir>4
. 2ir>r)

. 2160
. 215(1
. 2157
. 215H
. 2151)
. 2100
. 21fi0
. 2K11
.. 2Hil

.. 2i«;;

.. 2104
.. 2104
. . 21fili
. . 21<)7
.. 2ir.8
. . 2100
.. 2170
.. 2171
.. 2172
.. 217:t
.. 21711
.. 2174
.. 2175
... 2175
.. 2170
... 2177
... 2177
. . 2178
... 2178
... 2178
... 21711
... 2180
... 2181
... 2181
... 218-J
... 218;i
... 218;i

LIST OF NEW NAMES.

I'll*) foUowiiij; is a liHtoC tln' i>»iin'iir, snl>K«n»'nc, H|to(ii)i<!, mikI HiibBpocilu;

I iiiinics which appuiir iis new in I'ait II of thy prosi-iit work:

l'iiK«'.

j I'DiniHliisiH bayaniiM, Jordiiii \ Kv<>nimnii i;i31

(Icins miibrvx, ilonlnii A: Starkx i;i71»

.Nilirm /e.stii.s, Joriliin \- Sturks 1417

l.iiiijniiHciriilyens, (JilluTt 1421

I,;iriiiiiiM ai'diviiH, Jorilaii \-. Hrislol 1422

odmiloscion xniitliopH, (iill)urt 142fl

NiTlor, .rordiiii &. ICvurinnnii 14;t2

/<•»! i.s, ( I ilbort 1 4:tl)

/.( st itiiuin, Gilbert n;iO

.sti'llirJirciiH, (iillMM't 14Ult

.si tllifir illocebroHiiH, ( J ilbort 1442

Sti'lli Iff /.('stocanis, ( i ilhert 1445

Siniminis, (lilbort 1440

( )iiliio.Mfi(in Hiiiiulu.s, Gilbert 1440

I'm nilonthuriis yooiloi, G ilbert 1480

.\/.iiriim, Jonluii & McCircjior 1514

A /uriiia liinmdu, Jurdaii it ^fcGnij;!)!- 1544

liidio Uirscliii, Jordiiii &, Even""'ui 15118

F(ircil>iger, Jordan & AI«'Gro;;or 1071

Kiirciiiijicr tlaviaHimiiH, Jurdaii \-. .McGrogor 1071

.Vii;it'liclithyn isiibclita, Jordan &, Uiittur 1085

( Jiiiit licriius carolu', Jordan it M(;( 1 ri'gor 1 7i;j

KmiiK'la.s, Jorilan & Everniann 17G5

Klines viola, Gilbert H8C

Scliastodi^!* alcutianus, Jordan it Everniann 1795

Sfbastodt's atrorubens, Gilbert 1700

.StOiastode.s niit7.iiknrii, Cramor IStll

Alcidoa, Jordan it Evorniann 1880

.Vrcbistes, Jordan & G ilbort 1900

A ri'b isles pluniarius, Jordan & G ilbert 1900

Artedifllua atlaiiticuH, Jordan &. Everinann 1900

UadnlinuH bolooidep, Gilboi t 1919

Stclgi.struni, Jordan it Gilbert 1921

Stulgistrum atejn'.geri, Jordan &. Kvermann 1921

Sternias, Jordan it Kvorniann 1926

Ctu-ato('ottii8 lueasi, Jordan & Gilbert 1940

I 'ranidea grcenei, Gilbert <t Cnl i-er 1 965

Myoxocophalus niednius, 1?. A. Ilean 1983

I'orocottnH quadratits, 15. A. Bean 1998

( Ixycottus, Jordan & Kvermann 2015

Nautiscua, Jordan it E vermaun 2019

(XXIX)

XXX

LIST OK MBW NAMK4.

Vanv.

Nautisoim pribilovins, Jonlnii J^ (iilltort 2019

Occa, Jontuu & K veriiiaii ii 204U

PiMlotlieouM Imtnlliii, •lunluii \. ( ■ illxTt 2UM

I'udothuciiH tlioiupsoui, Jorilan &. Oilbort 2000

AvumiiicuH 8t)<rlet iim, Gilbert 2071

Noolipnrla atliintiouD, Jiinlnn iV Kvuriimiin 2107

Neolijiarls rut teri, Oilbort &. Siiytlor 2108

LiparU I'.orsolicUiiim, Scolb-bl 2123

(iiirnitriliiH, Jordan A- Everiiiaim 2UK

MuruliuiiH, Jordau &. Evurmauu 2148

llil

Ii

■w

^

P.

■liini

. VOIU

. . '^04:1

,. 2050
. . 20»H)
.. 2071
.. 2107
.. 210B
.. 212U
.. 2UH
.. 2148

The Fishes

or

NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA.

BY DAVIU STARK JORDAN AND BARTuN WARRKN EVliRMANN.

PART II

Class PISCES— Continued.
Subclass TELEOSTOMI— CoiitiiiutHl.

Order ACANTHOPTEIU—Contimied.
Group Tercoidea — Coutiuued.

SrARIFOR3I VERCOIDS

(With Hht'utliiu<; maxilliiry and dovcloped axillary vcutral soalon.)

Family CXLIX. LUTIANID.E.

(TlIK SNAPI'KHS.)

Body oblonji; or more or less elevated, covered with nioderate-sizod
adherent acales, which are more or less strongly ctenoid or almost cycloid. *
Lateral line well developed, concurrent with the back, not extending ou
the caudal lin. Head large, the crests on the skull usually largely devel-
oped. No suborbital stay; mouth moderate or large, usually terminal,
low and horizontal. Premaxilluries moderately protractile, their spines
not extending to the occiput; maxillary long, without supplemental bone,
for most of its length slipping under the edge of the preorbital, which forms
a more or less distinct sheath, its form essentially as in the Serraiiidw;
teeth various, unequal and sharp, never incisor-like, some of them some-
times molar; vonier and palatines usually with villiform teeth, these

* This k ;couiit of this fiimily and the other allien of tlio Sparidm is ba^ecl on a prelimi-
nary review of tlio Sparidce by Jordan & Fosler, iu lleport U. S. Fish Commission 1889 to
1891, publislied iu 1893, 421 to 544, plates 28-02.

3030 1 1241

124li IhiUctin /7, Unitai Slati's National Museum,

i

NoiiuttiiiioH iiioliir, Hoiiiuthium vury miiiiiII, HometiiiKM waiitiiiK; lowor |ihar-
yii};«HlH Htqiiiriito; ){illH 1, a Mlit bcUiiid th« I'ourtli; pHiMiiUiliriiiK^liiir Itiigu;
^ill riik«>i'8 iiuMlttriito or lon^. hIoimIoi'; ^ill inoiiiliniiios Nopuriitts frvo from
tliu iitthroiiM. Pruo|)«<rcle H«rrat«) or entire; oporclcH without Hpirius; HideH
of hi'tul UNiiiilly Hcaly. DorNikl liii Hliiglo, coiitiuiioiiH, or (l<>e]ily notched,
HomutiinoH dlvidt'd into two llnii, thoHpincH UHunlly Htron({, depruMHJIdu in
It groove, the HpineH hfteruciintlioiiH, that Ih, alteriinting, the on(^ Htnui^fr
on tho rl^^lit Hide, th«i otlior on tho left, tliu HpiiioB W to 12 In niiniher.
Anal tin Hiinilar tomd't dorttai and witli throoHpiiit^H; vontral llnH thoracic,
till- rayH 1,5, witli a more or less diHtinot Hcaltdilcu apiieiiila^e at Imiho;
rautial (in UHually morn or Iuhh concave 1>eliind. Air-hluddur ]>n>Nent,
UMualiy Hinijdo. IntoHtinal canal short. Pyhiric co'ca lew. Vertcbric
UHually 10 i M--2I. No distinct tiibcrclcN from tiie cranium for tlie
articulation of thecpi)diaryngcal boucH; pularjj;ed apophynca for tho articu-
lation of iMiltitine and jtroorl))*::! uouch; anterior i vcrtebnc witliout
jtarapophyNeH. Tlic family coniprises about 20 f^enora and some 2.')() spc-
cica, cliiutly inhabitinjr tlie nhorcH of warm regions. All of them arc
valned aa food, and all ari^ active, oarnivorouH, and voracioua. The
^roup is closely related to the Serranidtv on tho one liand, and to the
Ilaviiilidtr on the other. {I'ereUUr, part, genera MtHopriou, FAdin, etc.,
Giintlicr, Cat., i; JIoploptujriiKv, Lutianiiuv, Ifeiitieimv, aud Xeniclithi/inw,
Jordan A Fealer, /. c, '131-4Li).)

IloCLDCAQRIN^K:

(I. Vomer with teeth.

6. Nostrils reiiioto from ench other, the anterior tiiliulnr, nenrtlieeiulof the Hiioiit ;
voineriiiu teoth coiirHU, iiiolnr; t«uth in jiiWH large, tlie lateral teeth molar,
(hIoiU »h in Lutiaiiiiiii').
c. Vomer with about 3 coarse molar teeth; (lorsal Hpinett 10; Hcalos large ;
Killrakers few; no teeth on jiidatlneH or on tongue; lower phar.vngeitl.s
narrow, witli sninil, eonival teeth. llniM.ui'Aiiui's, .V.i3.

bb. Nostrils near together, ]>larcd,juHt bol'ore eye, tlie anterior not tubular; vomer-
ine teeth villil'orni, tlie patch /,, /^, or 0-fiha|H;(l; teeth in Jaws uU uuutOi
no ineisorM or molars.
d. Palatines with teeth; teeth in jaws strong, more or less uneiiiml.

LCTIANIN/K:

c. Interorbital area not llat nor se|iarato(l from the occipital region, the

nu-diau and lateral (Tests procurrent on it, and the frontal iiar

rowed forward; dorsal tin coctiuiious, the sjtineK not separated by

a notch from the soft rays.

/. Trefrontals with tlie articular facets arising from diverging

V-sliuped ridgei' basi-sphuunid with an anterior lobiform

extension; soft dorsal, and anal scaly; dorsal spines lOorll

(in American species); tongue with teeth (at least in adult

examples).

g. Fronto-occipital crest ceasinK anteriorily far from front of

frontal; prefrontal with posterior areas ini])reBsed, long,

and cril^riforiii; no pterygoid teeth; caudal liu lunate;

gill rakers rather few, shortish.

h. Top of head scaled; parietal irest continent anteriorly

with the fronto-occipital crest; preopercle with a

deep notch, into which a projection from thointcro-

pcrcle tits, this character most marked in the adult.

EvorLiTKs. 524.

13.

Jordan ami livcrmann.— Irishes of North Aimrua. 1213

MM-

hh. Top of lii'iiil iiikkoil : iili <>lilti|tii> biillil ol' Nriilfs nn t-iti'li

hIiIk of llll|l«; |>lll'iu(lll Cl'Cnl lint I'lllllllH'Ilt Wllll t llll

l'r<iiitii<H'('i|iiliil urcMt, I'll her I'ailliiu uwiiy iiiitv-
I'Iki'I.v or niniiliit; Intn tint iH'iilar riiii; )iri'<i|wri'li)
witli II mIiiiIIow iiutcli III' (iiiiar)(iiiiilloii mily.

Nk.iim knih, rrjr>.

Froiiti)-<M'*'i|itliil cri'Hl oonliinioil I'orwiii'il aloiiu top ot' licail

to iK'iii'ly nppoHiti' iiomIi'IIh^ pri'l'i'oiituU wllli llio poH-

ifi'ior iii'iii mIhii'I, t'xiiiviitt'tl iiliovo anil in trmit.

i, (llll rakrin Nlmrt anil t'lnv. altoiit lit; anal (in lout; |*<><I

low, Mm lavH 111, 10 or 11.

Kaiiiiiciiia, r>'jn.

it. (till raki>rM Ion}; anil iiiiinoroiiM, aliiiiit 'J.'i ; anal ratln-r
lil^'li, itH ra\H III, l>: pti'ry;;olil tritli pii'Mi'tit (In
tlio ailiilt) In a narrow liiinil ; rainlul liii vury ili'i<|ily

loi'ki'il.

Orvrurs, .'■i"27.

//. I'rul'roiitals with llio artlnilar I'arrtH ilrvi'lupiMl iVoiii «lnipli'

Inlii'i-rlrM anil not V-Hliapi-il; liiiMlHplii'iiiilil not iolii;;i'ruiiH;

raniiirM Minall ; Nol't rays of ilorsal III or II.

j. rn'trontaU with tho pontitrior ari'im I'rihril'orin ; ptoryKoiiU

with a liroail patrli ot troth (Inailiilt); hyoiil honi'S anil

ton;;uo with truth; ranilii'H vitv Kiiiall or nlmoli'tr ; ilorHal

Npini-H IL' (or IM); Hol't iliii-Hal anil anal sonii'what Hrali'd;

tup of lu'iid Hculuil to but'oro iiiidillr ut'i'yi'; Killrakum

nuini'roiiM. Kiidmiioi-mtkh, .''I'JH.

jj. I'n'frontaU with tho jmntorior ari'iis Moliil anil Honti'what

tniniil; pti'r.v K'li'l'^i hyolil lioin-, anil tonK>i'> loothluHi'; dor-

Hill HpiueH 10; soft dorHal iiud uuitl huuU-I' hh.

Ai'HiHH, 520.

KTKl.tN.K:

ei\ Intororhllal ari-a tiat, 8(>pimiti'd hy a trniiHvorso lini* of ilenmri'iitioii

from tho orripltal, hy wliii'h tint inoillaii aa wi'll uh tint lati>ral

rri-HtH aru liuiitud; fronlalH wiilo in front; ton^iio and pturyKuids

toothluHH; Hoft rayH of dorHal 10 or 11.

k. Dursal tin cuntiiiiious; frmitalH not ravernnuH; Hii]iraorbital

inar);iii cronato; prriotir ri<Kiiiii iniirh hwoIIoii oiitwanl and

with tint hours tliin and ]iolishoil; prttoi'dtal niodi-ratu;

frontals luthiinl with fiiniielHliapt'il forainina*; Hoft doraal

and uiial hcuIoIi'hh ; laat rayn uf dormil and anal produced.

Al'UION, .I'M.

kk. Dorsal nearly or i|ulto dividod into two tins by n deep uotrli;
eyes very lar;;i' ; ]»reorhital vory narrow.
(. FrontalH not I'avi^rnoiiH, Hini]dy normally perl'orato; sniira-
orbital niar^iuH rronatit; jiiTiotic ri't;ioii little convex
and with tlio boni'H thick, iinpoliHhi'd; prefroiitalH
behind with funnel-Hhaped foramina; body compara-
tively elonpito ; head naked above and on snout; soft
doraal and anal naked; peritiineiini and lining of gill
cavity pale ; caudal deeply forked ; color rrinison.

Ktki.is, .'■.111.
I{. Frontnl8 cavernouH (like those of Scifenoidx), w ith loiijii-
tndiual, osHcoiiii barn, leaving iiiterHpaces in front of
transverse ridge and on each side near the front;
Biipraorbital margins smooth ; prefrontals behind with
simxd't foramina for olfactory nerves; body ciiiii]nira-
tively short and deep; head scaly above and on jaws
and snout; soft dorsal and anal scaly at base; peri-
toneum and lining of gill cavity black ; caudal lunate.
Deep-water species, blackisb-purple iu color.

Veuilcs, 5:12.

T^

1244

lUdhtin y". Unilni Stalis XatiOnal .VitsrnfH.

Xknuiiiiivin i;

dd. filial I IK'H willllMII (I'I'tll; Vlltllrr Willi III ill II tr Ifclll ill It \VhI||||M>|| plltt'lli

Ii'kIIi III JiiWM M-ry Miiiiill. i'i|iiiil. lliMly i'iiiii|in<i«i«<il, nivxri'il with
Hiiiiill, ililii, I'Ifiiitiil, Milvi^ry Nc.iili'H : tii|i III' lii'iitl. I'lintltH, ii|it'r<'li<H, ;iiirl
uf |in'iM iiiliil mill ri'o\ui Hi'iil> : iiiiiiitli miiiill. iili||i|iii<, wllli hiiiiiII

I'lMIIIMll ll'I'lll llljllWH. pri'OI'llillll ll.iriOU, II I llllllllMlill lUttl'll III' Hlllllll

li'i'tll nil Vdliii'l'; IliW ti'Klll or IKiIlK nil lli« InllKIIK; tflll rilki'l'M liiIlK

iiiiil MlitiiiliT; ilornul Unit nciirly Hi'|iiiritli', tliti iiiilcrior of NlfiKlxr

Jtpihrit. tllK Miil't l'il.\ M HCill,\ . Illli'Ntilllll rillilll nIiiu'I (tlii< |iy|iit'ii' rii'i'u

nut I'Miiiiini'ili. Skull »ltli lli« cii'mIn loiiHiilriioiiH, IIki lt'iii|iui'ul

riiiiiiiiiu I'lU'wiii'il III jiiiii llii' Mii|iniiir('i|iliiil.

VI. liiM'Miil I'liyH \ or X I I, 12 til 11, I III- N|iiiiiiiii« purl ol' lliit lln at

Ii'iinI hair IniiutT I hull miiI'I pint : iiiiiil rii> m 1 1 1, ID or II.

n. IliirMiil Hum t'lilirniy Hrpariili'il. iiilt'i'viil Id-Ivm'I'Ii tlicni f, illiiiii'

I'h'i' III' i>yi<; MpliiiiiiH iliii'Hiil liiiir Imiui'i' lliiiii Miil'l ; iiiiHtrllH

Hlliall. climn tiiurllli'l'. XkMk'^M, rili:!,

;iii. lliirHiil tlim roiilH'rlril ill Iimnii, llir NpinoiiH purl itliiiilt
iliiiilii)' li'imtli iiI'miiII part. Xknihim-h. .'1:14.

trim. Diirnal ruyw Xl-l, \>i nr It), IIikmiiII pari liiiiKiir lliiiii th« HpiiioiiH
part; anal rayM ithoiit III, IH. Xknh'IITIIYh, ria.V

HKNTlriN.y,:
aa. Voiiior and imliitinitM liiotlilcHH; om- nr bntli Jawm wit' HtniiiK •-'uiiiiit'H; 110 niiilurn;
prropiTcIo itllliri'; ilnrHiil ('(iiitiiiiioilit.
o. Doi'Miil HpiiifH III; Hrali'H larKiv I'll) in lali'ral liiiii, thoHi* on rli<M-kit in .'1 rowH;
iiiuulh luodoruto, thojuwH hiih«i(|iial; ttnit iiMiiitlly with IllaiiMMitM.

Kkmuteki'.s, ri3fl.

523. HOPLOPAGRUS, (}ill.

llopliijmijnit, (ili.i., rroc. .\c. Nat. Sci. I'liila. IHO'J, i;."i;i (ijimtlirri).

Auferiitr noHtril rtiuioto from tlio othtT, cIonu to tlin pioinaxillary, in thu
Olid of tilt) liiirliul or tube; voiiit>r with about M roarso molar tuittli; teeth
ofJawH I'oarHO ami blunt, tho Literal teeth molar; HealeH laiye; ^111 lakerH
few; doiHiil H|)iiieH coiitiiiiioiiH with the Hoft rayH wbieh are sealy at the
biiHu; lower ]tharyii<;ealH nuTow, with Hiiiiill conical teeth; HkiiU and
general anatomy eHHentially uh In Lntianm and NvunuvnlH.

Only one H])eeie« of thiH remarkable ;;eneri(r type iH known. With a
close reHemblance in nearly all respects to Nvomirnin aiwiUtn and other typi-
cal species, it differs strikin^ily from all other lishos of this type in thu
Htrnetiire of thu nostrils aud in the dentition. {^onXov, armor; ndyfjui,
porgy.)

1028. liOI'IiOlMOKUK lil'XTIIKUl, Gill.

(I'AKOO.)

Head 2J; depth 2!, to 2i; eye 4^ (in young); smmt 2;^. D. X, 14; A.
HI, {>. Scales (5-47-1(1. Pectoral Hi" head, reaching to first anal spine;
anal li ; longest soft dorsal ray equals longest anal ray. JJody oblong-
ovate, short, deej), and compressed, the back arched, the body abruptly
contracted to the base of the short caudal ])edunclo; anterior profile
slightly and evenly convex. Snout rather long ami pointed ; month small,
the maxillary scarcely reaching to front of orbit, its length 2J| to 3 in head ;
teeth in jaws arranged as in LutiaiiUH, but coarse and blunt, the lateral
teeth of both Jaws rounded and molarlike, more blunt in large examples;
upper Jaw with about 2 coarse, rather long canines; vomer with about 3
to 5 coarse molar teeth; palatines and tongue toothless; lower jaw rather

Joputdn t. }(1 F.vrrwanu. — Fishrx of North Amfrica. 1215

wttuli, incliii1««i1 ; itiiti-rinr noHtril itt tlio Pxtr«>iiio iVonl of tint Hiioiit. cIomo
til tli«t |iroiiiti\illiu.v, ill tliu «\trninlty of \\ Itiirhd-liku tiil)» which Iiiuikh
«l<>wii iihovo th<) inuiith itiiil Ih lutiirly hh litii^ iih th<> i<,vo; |Hmh>rior iiOHtril
II rathnr Imi); iiiul ntirruw iilili<|ii«i Hlit, iit'ur tho front of tho ryi^; <<y«NiiiiUI,
iKMir tho iiii«lilh' of thi< h'liut'i of tlii< hiMiil; iiilft'orlMtiil N]ia«-o nithiT IikukI
ikiid coiivrs, itH witlth 4^ in ht'itil; pi't^trhitul iinmti, ItH IfiiHt wiiltli \\\ to
1^ ill lioatl; vttrtlcul limb of |tr<M>|HTcl«* iii)lii|iut, Nhui'|ily Nori'iil«>, tlio t«M>tii
riilii(4i' liiiH ii1m)V<\ roiiFHo lit tlir iiii^;l«s oiiiur^iniitioii of |)r«>o|i<>rclo Hliiirp
Hiitl <lo<«|i, iiioro i-oiiN|iinioiiH tliiiii in iiioHt Hpfcit-H of l.iil'niiiii», th«t kiioh of
int««ro|)orclt< t'onspiriiniiH. (liil rui<(irM fi«w iiiid Hhort, aiioiit 7 il«'Vt>lo|M><l on
lowor part of ii.iturior inch, lieHJiIoH H««v«'rul nKliiiinits; op(>r<'h< without
HpinoiiH pi'ojortioiiH; Hciipiilur Hcnlo Hi<rriit<^ 'I'tMiiporal cri-Ht of hIxiiII \ory
HJiort, foiil«>H<;iii){ with tho orliital rim. Hnih>H rathor Niiiall, ro^iiiarly
arraiif^uil, tiiom^ aitovo hittMiil lin«t in si«ri«tH wiiith iiro thron^jhoiit parallel
with thu liiteral lino, tlioso ImiIow in hori/ontal Hfiit^s; temporal n>;rion
with a hand of oiio or two H«>ri<-H of larj^o Nialcs; rhi*ul\H witii altoiit 7 ruwa
of Hcahm; top of !iead iiak«>d. Dursal NpiiioH ratlicr low ami Htroii^, tlio
tin Honutwhat dooply t^mar^inato; Hoft dornal ami anal lii^h, nn^iilar,
and pointod in oiitlino, tho middln rayH <-l«)vat<Ml, {\u^ laHt ray not i th«
lioi^ht of tlio niiddlo omm, which aro 2 in head ; poctoral lon^; and fnl-
cat«; caudal Hliort, fctdily Innate, tho iippor lolto l'{ in hi>ad; anal lii);h
and pointc«l, t\w middlo rays ruachiiiju; luiso of caudal, a little moro than
half Ioii};th of head; anal HpincH Htron^, the second longer ami Htron^or
than tliird, 'J'i in head ; jtectoral long, .'< in liody ; ventral 1\, Color green-
ish above, belly cojipery pinU; head olive, aides with H cross-bandH of
warm brown, unei|nally placed; tiiiH dusky olive, shaded with )iiiikish
andltrown; around dusky blotch near base (»f last rays of solt dorsal;
tho pectorals ])ale, a dark crescent at ]>asu; ventrals blaek-tip))ed; top of
hea«l with some small tlark spots. Atliilt nearly plain olivaceous, coppery
below. Pacific coast of tro|tical Ameri<-a, from (iiiaymaH to ranama.
This rcmurkable species is a coniniou food-tish at Ma/atlan, whore it is
known as the "2'«»v/»." Tho specimens examined by us aro from Ma/atlan
and Guaymas. (Nanu.d for Dr. Albert (tiiuthcr "in token of apprecia-
tion.")

IToplopagrut ijvntheri, OiM,, Prnc. Ac. Nnt. .Sci. Pliila. 1H02, 2.^, Cape San Lucas (Coll.
XaiitiiH); .Steindaciinkh, blilli. IScitriiKO, vi, 1, 1H7S; Joiihan \ Swain, I'nx'. It. S.

Nllt. MllH. 18H4, 42iti .loKKAN it Fk.sI.EII, I. r... 4:i2; KVKUMANN \: .IKNKIN.S, I'roc. V. S.
Nat. Mils. 1891, 145; .Iouda.n, Fishes Siiiuloa, in Pror. (jiil. Ac. Svi., Scr.'J, v, 189'), 454.

!l

524. EVOPLITES, fJill.

Evoplitet, Gill, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliiln. 1802, 236 (pomacanthns—yimng of laxmira).

This genus is very close to Lutuinim and (leHHorojir, two sections and gen-
era not represented in American waters. It agrees with Liitiiinim in having
tho whole to|» of the head from the eyes backward covered with scales.
This region is naked in Gctiijornfiv, which, like Evoplitts, has the preoperclo
marked by a dee]) ga-sh or incision in which a knob Irom tho interopercle
linds place. The latter (haracter is subject to considerable variation in
Uinyoroye and may not be of generic value. lu Evoplitea tho parietal creat

r

1246 DuUcthi ^7, United States National Museum.

i !i:

is confluent anterivrly with the snpraocoipital CTOflt, a character not seen
in any specieaoC yromwnis. l.iiUanus and (ienyorogt^ havo not Ueon exam-
ined in tliiH n^Hpect. Species brij^litly oo1oi(m1, cliiefly of the western
I'aciiio; one within our liutita. (fu', well; orrXirtfi, armoH.)

1«29. KVOPLITKS VlltllUS (ValoiioieimoB).

Head 2,1 ; depth 'i; eye lar^e, 4 in heao. D. X, 14; A. Ill, 8. Scales
9-54-17. Body rather elon>j;ato, profile to nape nearly straight; snort
pointed, 3| in head; Hnpraocci|>ital crest low; preorbital moderate, (JS in
hciid; month moderate, the jaws suhequal, the maxillary reaching front of
pn]»il, 2)1 in head; each jaw with a narrow hand of villiform teeth, outside
of which are moderate canines; tongue toothless; vomer with a A-shaped
band of teeth and with no backward prolongation on median line, (iill-
rakers short and slender, 10 develo])ed; nostrils small, well se]>arateil, the
posterior oblong. Treopercle with a sharp, deep notch, into which fits a
knob from the interoperch^ ; temporal crest not continent with orbital rim,
but nearly or (piite confluent with supraoccipital crest in front; lower liml>
of preopercle coarsely serrate ; preop^rcle strongly serrate abo ve the notch.
Scales rather small, the rowF above lateral line very oblitjue, nowhere
parallel with the lateral line, 7 or 8 rows on cheeks, anterior largest, one
row on intero|»ercIe; top of liead scaled as far forward as front of pnpil;
10 rows of scales between ej'e and suprascapula ; soff dorsal and anal scaly.
Dorsal spines low and strong, the fourth spine longest, 3 in head; soft
dorsal rounded, the longest ray 41 in head; anal moderate, its free edge
straight, the second spine longest, 2i} in liead; pectorals long, 1,! in head.
Color golden-ltrown with 5 sky-ldtie longitudinal striites, each broadly and
sharply margined with dark blue; the whole band as broad anteriorly as
the interspaces, growing narrower behind the dark-blue border, nearly as
wide on each side as the median pale-blue band; a faint nndian blue
streak from occiput to front of dorsal, then a band of 3 blue streaks,
as above stated, from occiput above eye to ninth dorsal spine; second from
upper edge of eye to middle of soft dcnsal ; third from middle of eye to last
ray of dorsal; fourth from upper jaw along lower edge of eye to middle of
base of caudal peduncle, where it ends abruptly; fifth from end of maxil-
lary to above last ray of anal; fins all pale, the dorsal partly edged with
black; no black lateral spot. Rocky islands of the eastern Pacific; known
from the (Jalapagos (Valenciennes), Tres Marias (Forrer), and the Revilla-
gigedos Islands (Gilbert); here described from a specimen* tcken by
Alfonse Forrer at the Tres Marias, (vindix, green, a very inappropriate
name, as the species js olive with blue stripes.)

Diacope viridis, Valk.xciennes, Voy.age do l.i Venus, ;t03, pi. 1, fig. 2 (very bad), 1845,

Galapagos Islands.
Oen j/nroge riiiiHn, VjV.STViEn, Cat., I, 180, 1H59.
lAitjamisviridia, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 330; Jordan cfc Fesi.er, I. c, 439.

* EvojtUten laamim (from Swatow, Cliiiia) difl'er.s from KvnpUtcs viridit in the following
resiKicts: Bi)dy dcfjifr (di)i)tli 2j) : s<;id('« siiiullor (8) 1 2-02-21; ; tlio Uuvk iiiort'. elevated and
tln' j>rotil<> steeper; snout .'! in head; ])reor',»itul 0; maxillary 2;!; second anal spine 3]!;
lower lateral bund wanting; a vagina dark lateral blotch i>resent, larger than eye; bands
Icsssliariily defined than in !■). viridin, the pale-blue median streiik in eaeh band twice as
wide as the dark border, the whole band narrower, its width one-third to oue-t'ourth that
of the goiden-browu interspaces; no median dorsal streak.

M

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 1247

525. NEOM^NIS, Giraid.
(Skappkus.)

Xeommnii, Gihahd, TT. S. Mpx. Bound. Survey, Zool., FIhIics, 1ft, 1859 (nnarginahur^

yriseim),
Ji'tiizero. Jordan & Fesi.KR, Ropt. V. S. Fisli Coimn. 188!) (1803), 4:t8 (aratus).

Body ohloug, compressed, the back soinewhtit elevated; head lon^,
naked above, ex<!ept for a broad oblique band of scab-s at the nape; nos-
trils normally close to;j;etber, neither with a tube, mouth largo, the jaws
with bands of villiform teeth, besides which is usually an outer series of
lari;<-r teeth in each Jaw, and 2 to 4 stronger teeth or canines in front of
upper Jaw; vomer with villiform teeth; villiform teeth on the pahitines;
usually one or more pat'^hcs of teeth on the tongue in the adult; no molar
te,eth; no teeth on pterygoids; preopercle without notch or with a shallow
cmargination ; posterior limb of preopercle finely senate; gill rakers
raiher few, shortish; soft rays of dorsal and anal scaly at base; dorsal
8]iines 10 (rarely 11), coutiuuo'.is with the soft rays; caudal lunate or
forked ; anal rays,7 to J). Iriierorbital area not flat nor separated from the
occipital region, t^c median and lateral crests procurrent «)n it, and the
frontal nar'-^wcd forward; fronto-occipital crest ceasing anteriorly lar
from front of front.il, usually behind eye; prefrontal with posterior areas
impressed, long and cribriform; parietal crest not conlluent with orbital
rim, but nearly or quite Joined anteriorly to fronto-occipital crest (in
species examined); prefrontals with the articular facets arising from
diverging V-siiaped ridges; basisphenoid with an anterior lobiform
extension. Vertebrie 10 -f 14 = 24. We venture to separate the American
I'PTgos or Snappers from the Old World genus Lutianiis on the following
characters, distinctive so far as known: Parietal crest usually conlluent
anteriorly with the orbital rim, never Joined anteriorly to the fronto-
occipital crest; top of head naked; a more ox* less isolat«'d band of scales
extending obli([uely on each side of najie; notch on preopercle for the
reception of knob of interopercle shallow and broad, sometimes oltsolcto,
otherwise essentially as in Lutianua.* Species very numerous, chiolly

* The true relations of iV<'0)«avii», Lutianu/i, Cenyoroge, Kvoplitct, iind I'roamhliiii are
vot to i^e (leteniiined. It seems to us tliat none ofoiirspei'ioH Is congeneric with Liitiaiiun
hitianiis, tiie tyiK> of Lutiunut, while Evtijditet difl'ers mntei nlly from the typt' of (Irtn/o-
rojip, A full stu<lv of the skeletons must, however, be made before these {rt-nera can be
placed on a sound basis. The following is the synonymy of the Asiatic j;roux)s;

LUTIANUS, Bloch.

Lutianxm. Blooh, Tchthyologia, iv, 107, \lWi (lutianun) ; the name first spelled Lutiamts,
but later changed, on the ]ilates and elsewhere, to Lutjantm. It is from Ikan lutjang,
the M:ilayan name of Lutianua Ivtiamit.

Mesoprioii, Cdviku «fc VALENCrKNNKS, Hirit. Nat. Poiss., u, 441, 1828 (lutianut, etc.).

' Ifypoplites, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 230 {retro»j>inis).

CENYOROGE, Cantor.

Diaeope, CrviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 410, 1828 (srba) -. name preoccupied

in Lepidoptera.
Oenyoroge, C'antok, Malayan Fishes, 12, 1850 {sehoe) ; substitute for Diaeope.

PROAMBLYS, (Mil.

Proamblyi, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18()2, 236 {nigra^^maeolor).
Maeolor, Bleeseb, Poiss. Amboina, Nederl. Tidskr. Diork., 27*^, 1867 {maenlor).

1248 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

iii I:

MM

American and African; active, predatory fiHlieH highly valued as food.
(vEo?, new; Mwnia, a genus remotely related and not resembling the
]>reH(tnt one.)

NEOMiKNIS :

I. DofBal apinoH 10 in American species; rows of scales a1)ovo lateral lino 5 to 10 in
nimiltcr.
A. Voiuerine patcli of teeth clinmondHliaprc? ; scales large, tliono above tlio lateral
line fully parallel with it; dorsal rays X, 14; t^anines small; gill ruker^
about 7. Color dark purplish-olive, scales with silvery spots.

.TORDANI, 1030.
AA. Vomerine patch of teeth /fv-shaped, or A-shapcd, not diamond-shaixxl.
a. Soft dorsal normally with 14 rays, rarely with 13.

b. Aual tin rounded, its middle rays less than half length of head; no
bla(;k lateral spot.
e. Developed gill rakers 7 to 9, usually with few rndiments, if
any; preorbital deep; caudal lunate. Shallow-water spe-
cies, olivaceous in color, more or less marked by cross-bands
when young, often with a blue streak ahmg the i)reorbital.
d. Vomerine teeth forming a A- or /\-8hai)ed patch, the back-
ward prolongation on median line very short or wunt-
ing; scales above lateral line in oblique series, which
are not throughout parallel with it; body compara-
tively elongate, the depth 3 to UJin length; upper and
lower canines very strong, lower coi.siderni '" stronger
than in other s])ecies ; mouth very Ifr/T" ; •- 't'. »1 tins
dusky; size very large.
e. Maxillary 2^ in head ; preorbital 5J in head ; maxillary
reaching nearly or quite to middle of eye, 24 to 2i!
in head; base of pectoral dusky; head 2^ in
length; depth 3j. D. X, 14; A. Ill, 8; scales

6-48-13. NOVKMKASCUTUS, 1631.

ee. Maxillary 2f in head; preorbital 42 in head; maxil-
lary reaching past middle of eye, about 2^ in
bead ; usually a black spot or shade at base of
pectoral; head 2J; depth 3; D.X.14; A.III, 8;
scales 7-50-12. cyanoptekus, 1632.

dd. Vomerine teeth forming an anchor-shaped ^>atch, with a
distinct backward prolongation on tlie median line;
second anal spine little, if any, sliorter than third;
upper canines strong, lower moderate or small.
/. Scales above lateral line arranged in series which are
not throughout parallel witli lateral lino, bcin:.'
oblique and irregular, at least below the secontl
dorsal.
g. Body comparatively elongate, the depth 2J to 3
in length; snout rather pointed ^ mouth
large, maxillary 2^ in head; scales 7 in an
oblique series between dorsal and lateral
line; pectoral short, not J length of head;
sott dorsal, anal, and caudal l)lackish, tinged
with wine color, always becoming dusky in
spirits; body dark greenish, more or less
reddish below ; blue streak on preorbital dis-
appearing early ; specimens from deeji water
with nu)ro or less red. Hfead 2J; deptb 2^.
D. X, U; A. Ill, 8; scales 7-50-12.

ORISEUS, IbM.

Jordan and Evcrmayin. — Fishes of North America, 1249

gij. Umly comparatively deep, «lt'pth aliont 2} in

lunt;tli; Hiioiit luiiK aiul pointed; iiiontli

ratlier Hiiiall, maxillary almiit 'A in Ii)'<m1;

pectoralH lonj;, more than } length of licad ;

Hiift dorsal, anal, and caudal orange or yd

low, licconiini; |)ale in Hpirits.

h. Scales moderate, about nine in an oblique

HerieB from tirHt tlorsal to lateral line,

about 55 vortical HerioH above lateral

line between tiill opening and base of

caudal; lateral line with more tban 4r<

pores ; a whitish area below eye ; blue

streak ahing Huborbital region iisiially

not disappearing with a^e; head 2^;

d<4)th 2^ D. X, U; A. Ill, H; Hcalos

8-r)0-16. .loci', lf.;i4.

AA. Scales unusually large, .'i or 0 in an obli(|uit

series from first dorsal to lateral line,

about 45 vertical scries above lateral

line between pill opening and base of

caudal; lateral line witli less than 40

pores; blue streak on sul)orbital region

not p*;rmanent ; hea<l2i; depth 2J. 1).

X, 14; A. Ill, 8; scales 6-44-i;t.

APonus, lfl.'15.
ff. Scales aHove lateral line in horizontal series which
are throughout more or less distinctly parallel
with the lateral lino; snout long and pointed, 'A
in lie^d; pectoral fin long, \\ in head; «'olor
brownish-red with faint silvery streaks along
rows of scales on sides, a pale-blue stroak along
suborbital and preorbital : tins yeUi>w. Head 2;! ;
depth 2gi D. X, 14; A. Ill, 8; hcahs 5-45-12.

AnOENTIVENTKlS, 163C.

Developed gill rakers more numerons, about 10, with several
rudiments before them (in i\\ huccanella-, not examined in
N. lutjauiii(les).
t. Caudal deeply forked; month small, maxillary renrhirg
posterior nostril; preoperde sl'ghtly notched, little
serrate; canines strong; tongue with teeth; soft dor-
sal and anal rounded; pectoral pointed, 4J in total
length. Color brownish-green, with 6 brown cross-
bands ; a broad greenish 8trij)t» from i>porcle to base of
caudal. D. X, 14, A. Ill, 8. (Hybrid, probably of
chryninug-irjocv.) LITJAJIOIUES, 16;J7.

it. Caudal moderately forked; mouth large, maxillary reach-
ing anterior edge of eye, 2if in head; preoperclo ser-
rate, the serrte strong on angle; canines medium;
vomerine teeth in an anchor-shaped patch; eyo
large; the base and axil of pectoral with a Jet-black
blotch; scales moderate, about 8 oblique series from
the lateral line to the tirst dorsal spine, about 63 ver-
tical rows above lateral line ; second anal spine long,
about 2§ in head. Color crimson; caudal peduncle
and caudal fin largely yellow ; iris orange-red ; no hit.
eral blotch. Head 2J; depth 2J ; 1). X, 14; A. Ill, 8;
scales 8-63-13. BUCCANBLLA, 1638.

-$mm

1250 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

%

\\

il

'if

!i!

M.

hh. Annl tin angnlatc<l, itn niRtlian rnyn prodiirrd, tlut loiigcHt in adult
at loBHt half lioad; bmly rather roltiiat ; upper eanineH rather
loMK; lower Hinall. Cuh)r more or leHarnd. tlio yoiint; with a
black latoriil blotch.
j. SvaloH above the lateral line arranged in nericH which are not
throii^liont parallel wlt'.i it' Hide with a black blotch,
which UHiially dlHappear.^ wit. i age; a'lal tin l)right reil.
k. Teeth ou vomer in an nncli;)r-'ih";'.cii patch, with a median
backward prolongation; lingual teetli well develoj)ed;
snout rather pointed maxillary reacliing edge of
pupil, 2} in head; caui'til edged witli black.

I. IriH gidden-j'ellow in lite. ScaloH rather sniall,

0-52-10, about 50 porcH In tlie lateral line; Ixtdy
rather rtb^nder, tlie depth 2} in length; HCcond
anal apine about :<} in head; gill rakera 0 beh>w
angle; eye large, 4 J in head In adult; ]>reorbital
5J in head. Tfead 2|} in length ; I). X, 14 ; A, III, 0.
Color bright rose-red, with gidden ntreaks.

VIVANUS, 1639.

II. Iris rose-red. Scales rather large, 8-46-14 ; body

robust, the depth 2i| in length ; second aral spine
aliout 4 in head; gill rakers about K below angle;
eye moderate, 5^ toC in head in adult; ])reorbital
5. Head2ii: D. X, 14; A. Ill, 9. Color rose-red,
nearly unitbrni; size largo. AVA, 1640.

kk. Teeth in v<nuer in a / -sluiped ])atch, without distinct
prolongation on the median line; lingual teeth very
few or none; snout rather pointed; maxillary reach-
ing edge of eye, 2^ in head; scales rather small,
about 50 pores in lateral lino. Color, greenish above,
rosy below; a small butdistinct lateral blotch; young
with obliquo blue streaks above; tins mostly brick-
red, especially the anal; a pearly streak below
eye. Head 2J; depth 2J; D. X, 14; A, III, 8; scales
10-67-17. ANAUS, 1641.

ij. Scales above the lateral line arranged in series which are
more or less di.stinotly parallel throughout with the lat-
eral line ; no black lateral blotch ; scales rather large, 5 or 6
between first dorsal spine and lateral line; lateral line
with 47 pores; vomerine teeth in a A-shaped patch; lin-
gual teeth well developed ; maxillary reaching front of
pupil, 2J in head. Color rwl, dusky above; a blue streak
on suborbital; anal and ventral tins dusky. Head 2};
depth 3; D. X, 14; A. I7J, 7; scales 5-47-11.

COLOR ADO, 1642.

aa. Soft dorsal with 12 rays (rarely 13) ; body oblong, the back not greatly
elevated ; uppi'r canines moderate, lower small or obsolete ; scales
above lateral line in very obliquo .series ; anal tin low, its outline
rounded,
m. Mouth moderate; maxillary 2g to2J in head.

n. Caudal not deeply forked; gill rakers rather few (8 or 9 be-
sides rudiments),
o. Pectoral short, I5 in head; teeth on vomer in an anchor-
shaped ])atch. Color olivaceous, no black lateral
blotch; lower .jaw included. Head 2J; de|)th 3; D.
X, 12: A. Ill, 8; scales 8-51- X. (Hybrid, giri«ciM -[-
synagriaf) Brachtpterus, 1643.

m

Jordan and Evcrniann, — Fishes of North America: 1251

MO. I'uctoriil loiiK, niori' tliitn l\vo-tliir<lH lt>ii;;tli of licnil;

color chiefly ri-il ; u liirgo bluck latvriil blotcli ; lo\vi<r

,jiiw Hli^litly ]iro.ie<'tiiiK.

j>. VoiiHiriiio Icoth in an anchor-Hlin])c<1 imtcli. witli ii

d'"*'-' ' liui^liwaril itrolongatiiinon nitolian line.

Color ri'<l; buck anil hIiIuh with rowH of «lark

hliiishgray upots follow iiij; t lie si-rien of HC.nlcs ;

similar HpotH on HidrH of huail; tins rcililiHli.

Heml 'l\- .li-pth'JJ; I). X, 12; A. Ill, 8; scales

7-j:1-15. (a riATis, 1044.

pp. Vonierini^ teeth in a \- or A-shancd patch, the

prolongation on median line very short, or

wanting. Color rosy jLtreenisli ahove, sides of

head and body with nnnierons longitudinal

Htripes of jTolden yellow; soft dorsal and

caiulal rod; lower tins yellow. Head 2j!;

depth 2i; D. X, 12; A. Ill, 8; scales 8-(l0-15.

8YNAQK1S, 1045.

wii. Candal deeply forked; the gill rakers rather numerous,

about 10 on lower part of the anterior arch; tt^ethon

vomer in anauchor-Hliupedpateh; b(Mly rather elonnato,

compressed; lower .jaw projectiuf; or not; eyes snuill;

scales snuill; the lateral line with about 50 pores; anal

Hpine.^ graduated. Color reddish, with horizontal yellow

streaks; no black lateral bloti^h. F adli; depth 3; 1).

X, 13; A. Ill, 9; scalen 9-53-15. '.^.^ybrid, «.i/«n(/ri#-(-

chfytnnis i') amiikuts, 1040.

mm. !kIonth largo; maxillary 2 J in head ; teeth on vonior in an aiichor-

ahaped patch; lower Jaw strongly iirojecting; body rather

elongate, strongly compressed: eye v<'ry large, red; scales

rather snuill, the lateral line with about .'>0 pores; caudal

little forked ; second and third anal spines sube(|ual. Color

dark brown; pale Im>1ow, flushed with red; fins mostly red;

a large block lateral blotch. IIead2i; depth 2j>; D.X, 12;

A. Ill, 8; scales 9-02-14. mahoooni, 1647.

l{A!7.ERO:*

II. Dorsal spines 11 ; scales largo, those above lateral line in 4 or 5 series, fully parallel
with lateral line.
</. Soft (lor-sal and anal low ; vomerine teeth in a ,\-shaped patch ; teeth on tongu(> ; gill
rakers few. Color dark, olive-reddish below; distinct silvery streaks along
rows of scab's; ycumg with silvery bars ; lower tins dusky. Head .'I; depth ;tj;
D. XI, 12; A. Ill, 7; scales 4J-45-12. ABATUS, 1048.

Subgenus NEOM^NIS. . •

1680. NEOM.EXW JORDAN!, Gilbert.

Head 2f to 3 in length ; depth 2? to 2J ; eye U m head. D. X, 14 ; A. ITT,
!>: sc.'iles 51 above lateral line, 43 to 47 oblique series runniiif; downward
iiml backward. Body deep, with rogular curves, the two profiles nearly
eijual. Snout short, with ra^iidly rising upper profile, 3^ to 31^ in head.
Ilyc large, much greater thf'ii the width of the |)reorbital at the middle of
its length, where it is i length of head. Maxillary reaching slightly
l»t'\ ofid front of pupil, its length ei^naling that of snout and half eye, 21

S))anish name of Xfovwxis aratiin, from raiz, root; "place of roots," the species
living among the roots of the mangroves.

1252 BiUletiu //, United States National Museum.

111

if!'!

r ;

\y^.

in hoad. Mtuidihiilnr titotli in u villifonii bund wliioli in of ni(»dcriit*) width
anteriorly and tapt>rH rapidly on sidos; an ontor neri»'H of dmtantly placed
moderate (;anin«!H; teeth in preniaxlIlarii'H similar to those below, the
canine.s HniuU, a pair on each side eularf^ed, iMit Hinall for this goniiH ; vomer-
ine teoth in a diamond-Hhaped patch, the Hiden Hnlioqnal, concave; ])ro-
ocnlarniari;in with a ratln-r de«-p eniar^inatimi above the angle; ab(»ve the
eniarginatlon the edye is very minntely and (inely Herrulatc, at the anyle
provided with afewHhnrt slender rather illHtantHpines. (;ill rakers stron}?,
those above angle all short, the one at angle abrnptly lengthened, about
half diameter of eye; seven developed ou horizontal limb of arch. Pos-
terior nostril elliptical. Five or six series of scales on cheeks, the band
running npward to level of upper margin of orbit; a single narrow l>and
of scales on occiput, separated by a naked s]iace from those on nape; to]>
of head, snout, mandible, preopercle, nuixillary, and anterior half of intcr-
opercht nuked; scales above lateral line in series ]>arallel with the lateral
line; scales on the breast not much redu'"Ml, as large as tlio^e on «)percle;
basal portions of dorsal and anal densely scaled, the scales forming a sheath
at base; basal J of caudal densely scaled. Dorsal spines heavy, not llox-
ibh^, the longest 21II in head; second and third anal spines about ecjual, half
the length of snout and eye; soft dorsal and anal low, rounded, the longest
ray (measured from free edge of sheath) about ^ head; cautlal lunate, the
nii<ldle rays J the outer, 1^ in head; pectorals very long, nearly reoching
vortical from vent, U in head; vontrals 1* in head. Color, back and top
of head deej) olive; lower half of sides and below dark reddish-purple;
many «>f the scab's on sides with a silvery spot near the margin, producdng
faint lengthwise stri])es; tins reddish-purple, the basal portion of soft
dorsal and caudal tinged with olive; iris silvery, with inner and outer
orange circle; no blue lines on the Isead; inner lining of gill membranes
and the shoulder girdle largely orange-red ; pectoral tins orange-brown. Of
rare occurrence at Panama, but occasionally taken in considerable num-
bers. It is a small species, reaching a length of about 17 inches. A strongly
marked species, quite unlike any other. (Named for David Starr .lordan.)

Neomtenis jordani, Gu-BEIIt, Fisliea of I^annnia, in I'ror. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1807, Panama.
(Coll. Gilbert. Type, No. 11988, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Mus.)

1«8I. \EOM.EXIS XOVKMFASCIATUS (Gill).

* (PABGO PIUETO; PAROO MaUESO; PAKOO NfcORO.)

Hoad 2| ; depth ;J ; eye 5 ^ to 4* in head. D. X, 14 ; A. Ill, 8, rarely III, 7 ;
maxillary 2*; preorbital 5A; scales 6-48-13. Body comparatively elon-
gate, the back little elevated; jjiofilo very gently curved; snout long and
pointed, J^ length of head; eye small, less than breadth of the wide pre-
orbital; maxillary barely reaching to opposite front of orbit, its length
2? in head; each jaw with a very narrow band of villiforni teeth, outside
of which is a single series of larger teeth, those in sides of u])per Jaw
small, 2 in front, however, developed as large fangliko canines, larger
than usual in this genus, their length about equal to the diameter of the
pupil ; a pair of smalhu- canines ih'ht the middle of the upper jaw, between
the large ones; conical teeth of lower jaw distant, cauinelike, U to 8 in

Jordan and pArnnanu. — Fisfus of IVort/i .hiurita. iL'.'i.'l

iiiiiiiber oil nach hhIo, lar^or thiiii in any of our other npet'lea of Xnnnonh,
iiiiK'li liirgtM' than tboHo on rti*l*is of iippor .jaw; teetli on toiin^ne in a largu
oval ]iatili, ill front of whicli uro two siiiallur ]>atchus; touth on voiiior
roi'iiiiiiK a (>ru8<'*>iit-Hliaii('il ))at«;li, witiioiit liai kwanl iirolon^ation on tliu
riu'tlian Iin«. (Jill ••.ikcrM ftnv, noi very lar;?e, distant, aliont 1 + 7. Preop-
cri'lt' with its poHterior margin oNtentling v<;ry oliliejiicly forward, tht •mglo
Mmrefore very ohtnHoly rounded; a broad Hhallow notch above the angle,
tlie margin above tbe notcii convex, its edge ininntely serrulate; a few
coarser teeth at the angle; lower liorder mostly smooth. In tbe adnlt tlio
wbole margin of the iireoperelo is without serrations; siipraseapiilar ser-
rate. Posterior nostril nearly roiinil; a single narrow hand of sealjs
extending downward and backward from oceipiit. Dorsal spines rather
long, with sharp Jlexible tips, the fourth the longest, but shorter than tin*
snout, :U in head; anal spines abort and strong, much stronger than dorsal
.s|iinos, tiie second and third of nearly ei[nal length, the second somewhat
strong" <t, not much longer than diameter of the orbit, Ijj iu head ; soft rays
of anal low, ^ij^in head; caudal iin emarginate, 1^ in head: pectorals much
longer than ventrals, extending slightly bey<md them, their length IJ in
head. Scales moderate, firm, present on ch<'el:, oporcle, subopercle, and iu a
single series on interojiercle; scales above lateral line forming very obli(|ue
series running upward and backward, not parallel with tbe lateral line;
scales on breast not very small, smaller than those on operele; basal por-
tions of vertical tins scaly. Coloration: Hack and sides very <lark olive-
brown, the hack with a slaty tinge, the sides often with some faint pur-
plish; sides paler below; the lielly and lower parts of head white; very
old specimens largely co])pery red, nearly uniform, <larker above; each
scale on the dorsal region with the basal half dark; head coloro«l like the
i)o(ly; maxillary brownish, no bluish streak on preorbital; vertical tins
(lark brownish; the Hpinous dorsal olive-brow with a narrow dark streak
at base and tip ; anal with the margin of its lirst thret* rays white ; pectorals
olivaceous brown; ventrals dark brownish, becoming reddish at base;
inside of mouth reddish-yellow. Young with the margin of spinous dorsal
and most of aual black; young with 9 dark erossbands; varies much
with age. (Jeuerally common; known from Pacitic coast of tropical
America; Cape San Lucas; (Jnaymas; Mazathm; PuntaAreuas; SaulMas;
raiiama. A large species, valiu-d as food; closely allied to .V. vijanoptcfifi;
rearliiug a weight of 20 pounds, (novim, nine; J'asviatua, banded, a char-
acter seen only in the very young.)

Lutjanus novemfatciafut, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1802, 251, Cape San Lucas (vpry

J()UI1J5) ; •J<)l(l)AN&, .SWAlN, J. (?.,443; EVEIIMANN & JENKINS, ProC. U. .S. Nat. Mus. 1801,

146; Jordan & Fesleii, i.e., 440.
Mrtuprion pacificus, BocoUBT, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris 1868, 223, Tauesco, Pacific coast of

Guatemala.
Liiijdiiiit i)rieto, JoBOAN & GiLiiERT, Proc. U. .S. Nat. Mu«. 1881, 353, Mazatlan. (Type,

No. 28 190.)
I.iitjanus paci/iCHS, Vaillant & Bocoukt, MisHiun Suientitique au Mexiiiuo, 123, pi. lU. tig.

2. 1881.
I.utianvi^novem/ascialuti, Joudax, Fishes Sinaloa, 454.

Nni'K.— 'I'lic following (lescriplion i.s (Voiii an adult example. 30 inches long, the .so-called
I'aigij luarouo or Maruou snapper, from Mazatlan; lload 3; depth 3 (3i iu young). D. X,

1254 linUctin //, United Slates National Museuvi.

U; A. Ill, IH: Hi'iiluH 0 (K)-'M\\\: «\vti Vt\ in liciiil : Hiioiil 2); iiiiixiUiir.v 'i.l\ |MH'lural 1^;
vniitriilS; aniil:i; t liiril iitiitl H|iiiMu'>J ; ciuuliil l^j ; itrt'orliiliil ;i|; (4/^ in Hiiiiillor H|i<'('.iiiii^im 20
inulios Ion;;; Ti in tlioHii of 1 toot lon^). Iluily V)>r,v roliiiHt, nut niiicli conipi'fHHuiI, thii
liiicli ni>l rtliaii). Hi-ihI vitv liirtftt; tlio inonlli very 1iii'k«, rcarliin^niiildlool' t\vo. CiininuH
vt^ry Hti'on^. in front of jaw an<l on HiilcH of low«r; voinorino t)«itli in ii V'<*liitii<'<l patcli.
not |ii'oionui'<l Ix'liind. <iin rakcrx 7, vory Hinall, Ihr ItinKtmt Uibh tlian pupil. I'oHlcrior
iioHtril olilon;;, niui'li loii|;t'.r than nnti-rior. I'ruopcrt'lo Hli;;lilly notched; Tor H rowH of
H<;alcii on <'liui<l(. DorHitl diit^ply noti'liod, ratlii'r low ; Hoft dorsal low |ind ioiind<>d; anul
lowand roinidfd ; ixMlornl lou^' and pointed ; candal xliort, Hcartxly ro.ii ,u'i<; anal apintot
xliorl. j;raduat(Ml, Scnh'M aliovi* lal t-ral line not in a parallel Huri«!H. ^M iroun color above,
copperruil lielow, boconiin); Halnion I'olor anteriorly; IIiih lilacklMli, tinu;ed with maroon;
)>nctoi'al dull yellow olive, lilat^kiNh attip; alilaekiHli croHHH]iut{in liaso of pectoral ^rowinff
faint withatie. InHideoftlio mouth Nulnion; ventral <|nitudark, thu tips black; iriHaalmon
color; no blue mpotH or line below eyii. Youug with ftpinoim dorsal cdKed withblack; itnal
andeaudal black; vonlrals black ti|>p(Ml; a 1ila(;k crescent oiuip]iur]>art of base of pectoral.
VoiiiiK 1 '""f '""JIi black with )iro;;reHsively lesa red and narrow )ireorbilnl; eidor largely
blackiflh, tinj^ed with copj)er on belly and lowerparts. Tlioyoiin^i'ire called Pargo ne^ro ;
the half-grown, rar{;o jirieto; the adult, Pargo niarefio, or^Maroon sna]iper. TIiIh specien
reaches a much larf;er sizu than any otli(>r member of the conus on the I'acitle coast, tho8u
Hpflciniens obtained by us with dynamite among the N'unadoH Islands having a weight of
about 2.'> poundH. It is a food-llsh of some iuiportantuv It undergoes very considerable
cbanues with age, as the notes above bIiow. The young are dai'k in cohir, thtv bodies
banded, and the amountof red very slight. The adult beconu's uniformly (tolorod with
much red, and with increasud age there is a progrosHivo lengtheniu.v uf the Huout ami
widening of the preorbitul.

1632. NEOJI.EXIN CYAXOPTKBIJS* (Cuvier & Valoncienuos).

(CinER.\.)

ii".'i,

]ii,i

{!']■■

m

Head 2J ; depth 3 ; cjo rather Htnall, 5;^ in head. D. X, 11 ; A. Ill, S ; scaU^s
(6) 7-50-12; .^)0 pores. ISody oloiijj;ate, rather rohiist, the back little ele-
vated ; profile (roin snout to nape nearly straight ; HUout lonji;, thick, rather
nciito in profile, 3 iu head; iutert»rbital Hpa<'e flattish or g«!ntly convex, G^
in head; occipital keel low; preorbital bioad, 4ij in head; month very large;
maxillary reaching middle of eye, 2\ in head. Canine teeth larger than in
any other species, especially those iu lower Jaw ; upper Jaw with a narrow
band of villiform teeth, outside of which is a series of strong shiirp teeth;
4 canines in front, 2 of them very long and strong, their lengths ij diam-
eter of eye; lower Jaw with 5 or G very strong caninelike teeth on each
side, the largest little smaller than the (canines of upper Jaw ; a few
villiform teeth iu front of Jaw; tongue with a large oblanceolate patch of
teeth, pointed bebiiul, its length about twic*^ its greatest width; vomer

* This species is common in the markets of Havana, whtM-e it is known as Cubera. It
grows to a very considerable size, and specimens of less than .'> itouuds weight are vory
rare in the markets. A specimen from Oarthagenn, United Stat<>8 of (y'olomliia, is in the
museum at Cambridge. The species seems to have an inditl'ereut reputation as a food-
tish, being often unwholcsonu!. It has always a ragged ai>]>earance in the market, its
scale.-* being less flrndy attached than those ot'ot her species. This sjiecies is yery doselv
related to jV. (/riwMS, but so fur as we havi; seen the two may alway.s be distingiushed by
the ditt'erence iu form of the vomerine j)atch of teeth and by the development of tliV
c«nine.s of the lower jaw. These are larger in ^V. ci/anoiiterug than in auj' other American
species. This species is almost identical with .V. novemj'ascintus of the Pacific coast, the
somewhat largermouth being the most nuirked point of difl'erence. The dusky area or
spot at base of pectoral is more distinct in the Atlantic form. L. dentatiut of Dunieriland
M.cjianopterus of Cuvier and Valencienniis are identic^al with L. cubera, Poey. This is
shown by the examiuatiuu of tUo urigiuul types. Al.panjwif Cuvier aud Valeucieuues, i-
prubably the same.

m

iw\

Jordan and F.vcrwaun. — Fishes of North America. V1T\U

witli « A-Hliapt'<l patch of tt-oth, iiHually witliouf liackwanl i>ri^lont;ati»»ii
nil iiK'tliaii line, hut H<»iii<'tiiii«H with u short iiuMliuii ))roh>iipition (yl\-
Hha|i«Ml), its lon^th always 1«'hs than thr width of Iho patch in front;
pterv^oitl anil h.vuid liuiicH without treth. (iili rakers riithor short unil
thick, ahoiit \ li'iij,'th of ilianictor of e.vc, ahoiit H on h»w«r anh; no riidi-
nicnts. I'roopurcic with poHtcrior margin nearly v«>rticul, the eniarKinu-
tion hroail and hIiiiHow; )ircopcrcln lliudy surrato above the t«'«th, coarser
just aliove the angle; low«r limb almost entire. ScalcH rather large,
loosely attacliod; cheekB witli about « rows, I row on interopercle, I row
on Hnl*o|iercle, and about 7 on o|iercle; temporal region with about two
rows of large scales; tiibcH of lateral line simple; base of soft dorual
nixl anal scaly. Dorsal spines rather Htrong, the outline of the fin gently
convex, the fourth sjiine longest, \\\ in head; the tenth sjiiiie, 0 in head;
anal spines strimg, the second spine stronger, slightly shorter than third,
which is .') ill head; caudal little forked ; ]ie«'toi'uls alioiit l;-] in heud. Color
diisky-gray, jiahir below, the belly sometimes tinged with reddisli; mein-
branes of dorsal, aiiul, and caudal grayish-black, the aual and soft dorsal
esiiecially blackish; ventrals bhickish at tip; pectorals plain olivaceous,
the base and inner margin dusky; head dusky above, without markings.
Length 2 to 4 feet; length of B])ecimeu described (from Cuba) 17A inches.
West ludies to Brazil, rather common; a large coarse iish regarded as
iiiiwh<de8ome by tishormen. (wjuii'fo?, blue; nrefjoi', tiu.)

^rl^tl>l>li<»l c!ian<>j)ti'i-uii, CyyiKii \ Valknciexnks, HiHt. Nat. I'oiss., ii, 472, 1828, Brazil.
; Mrgiiiirion pnnjtiii, (JrviKU iV \'Ai-r.NeiKNNKa, Hint. Ts'iit. I'nisH, ii, 47:1, 1828, Puerto Rico.
I, iitjaiius euhern, VOKW \m\. Lye. Kiit. llist.N. Y. 1871, 75, Cuba ; I'oEY, Eniiiiieratio, 27,

187,'i; JoKDAN & SWAlN, I. (;.,442.

I.iitjaiiits (lenUitus, A. DiMliRii, iu Vaili.ant iV Bocoukt, Miss. Sci. an Mox., 125, 1881,

Brazil.
I.utjaiiiiis aj7W<lnn, ToEY, Syiioi>«is, 2!I4, 1808.

Misiijirion ei/nodoit, VoEY, Ittporlorio, ii, 208, 1808; not (iIC'iviek \ VAl.ENriENNES.
l.iitjaii iiH fiiaiioptcnis, Jokoan, I'roc. U. S. Xiit. Mim. 1880, 5^4 (uxtiiiiiuutiuii oC l,v|te) ; .loii

1>A.N &. l-'ESLEll, I. C, 440.

lGS;t. M:0M.KMN (JIMSKITS (LinnmuH).

(GUAV SNAPPEB; MA.NOHoVE S.NAl'l'Ell; CAIIELLEKOTE; LAWYER.)

Head 2f; depth 2J to 3^. 1). X, 14; A. Ill, 8; scales (6) 7-50-12; 17
pores. IJody comparatively elougato, the back not strongly compressed,
little elevated; profile almost straight from snout to nape, thence gently
convex. Snout rather pointed, ii in head. Eye rather small, 4| in head.
Iiitcrorbital space gently convex, 6 in head; occipital keel little promi-
miit; preorbital rather broad, 5.^ to (U in head. Mouth large; jaws siib-
ei|iial; maxillary reaching front of pupil, 2'![ in head; upper jaw with a
niirrow 1 ud of villiform teeth, outsiile of which is a single eories of
tiilarged teeth; 4 canines in front of npjier jaw, 2 of them cpiite large — ^
(liamoter of ej-e; lower jaw with a very narrow hand of villiform teeth iu
front of jaw only ; outside of these a single row of teeth larger than outer
teeth of upper jaw, hecoming caninelike in adult; tongue with an oval
liiifeli of teeth,, its width about .J its length; vomer with an arrow-shaped

• -s-* '

125({

liullctin ./7, U>iitcd Stixtcs National Mu nm.

I J:

;'t''

i'

;I ! •

\i\:

piit«!h of tenth, with backward itroloii^atioii uii tht< median Ynw, itH Itwi^th
about twic» itH width in front, (till raltorH nithfr Hhort and thick, tiicir
lun^rth about A diameter ul' oye, aliout X »\\ lower arch, with no rudimen-
tary oneN before them. Preuperclu with itH jioHterior mar^^in nearly verti-
cal, with a ratlier broad and deep ennirv;iuation. I'reoperclu finely Herrato
almvo, the teeth conrHur at the alible. HcalcH companitivoly lar^u, the
rowH in horizontal Heriim below the lateral line, thoNo above running ]iar-
Hllel with the lateral line until Itelow the Hoft dorwal, where they become
Hli^htly irregular and obli(|ue; 7 rowH of HcaleH on cheek; an embedded
row on interopercle; 1 row on auliopurcle, and 7 on opende; temporal
region with about !{ rowH of \i\,\\!,a HitaleH; top of head, Huout, and.jawB
naked; liaHe of Noft dorsal and anal scaly; tnbcH of lateral line branched.
DorHal HpincH rather strong, the outline of the tin ^fi'itly convex, the fourth
spine lou^eHt, 2A in head, the tenth Hpine 1 in head; margin of soft dorHal
rounded, the ninth and tenth rays lon^cHt, H length of tirut, and Vit, last
ray, 2^ in head; caudal emarginate, the ujiper lobe longest, H length of
middle rayH, which are \% iu head; anal tin high, itHnnirginHlightly angu-
late, the middle rayH longest, 2 times length of hint ray, 2,>; in head, tirst
ray reaching almont to tip of hint ray, when thi^ lin is depressed; second
anal spine as long or slightly longer and stronger than third, 3^ to 4 in
head; ventrals IJ in head; pectorals nhortinh, scarcely rea«;hing vent, 1^ in
bead. C'(tlor in life, very dark green above, the middle i)art of each scale
brasny-black, its edge broadly pearly whitiuh ; below lateral line the duski-
nesH of tli(« middle of the scale passes into bransy, and below into bright
coppery, the belly and lower parts of head being more or less distinctly
bright co])pery'red ; the lower Jaw grayish; no blue stripe below ey(%
except in the very young; toj) of head blackish-olive; dorsal blackish, its
nuirgin darker and tinged with maroon-red; soft dorsal dusky, anteriorly
slightly edged with whitish; caudal violacconH or maroon black; anal
wine-color, edged with whitish; jtectorals pale tlosh-color; ventrals whit-
ish, faintly marked with reddish. Young with a blackish band from snout
through eye to najte, very distinct in life; a blue streak below eye; spi-
nous dorsal with a dark maroon-«'olored ban«l along edge. Described from
a H|»ecimen from Key West, 11 inches in length. Fishes from deep water
are niucli redder than those taken near the shore. In no case is the caudal
yellowish or of any pale shade. West Indies; ranging from New Jersey
to Brazil. This species is very common along our South Atlantic and Gulf
coasts and occasionally strays northward as far as Woods Hole, being the
northernmost iu its range of any member of the genus iu the Atlantic. It
is everywhere generally known as gray snapper. In Florida and the
Bahamas, where the coasts are lined by mangrove bushes among which
the young of this species abound, the name mangrove snapper comes into
use. It inhiioits water of varying dejtths, large specimens being often
found very near the shore, while others may be taken in waters of consid-
erable depth in company with Xeomaii'm nya. These latter individuals are
ninch redder than those found iu shoal water; their general color is i)aler
and the body is a trille less elongate. Such correspond to the form named
LutianuH stearnai. {(jriaeus, gray.)

l'i^•^

Jordan and Evcunann. — Fishes of North America. iur»7

Tiirdiii /linnii hranehialibui ear*Ht (Mnngrovit Hn»i>|H>i), Catebdv, Illat. ('uruUuu, i>\. 0,

I7t:i, Bahama*.
Ciiliallrrotf, I'AiiiiA, l)«H< r. Dit'. I'Ut/.im, Ili«t. Nat., pi. .'5, lljr, 1, 17H7, Havana.
I.ithriit ijiiKfU». I.lNN.KCH, S.vmI. Nat., X, '2M, 175H; iiltiT (.'ATKMiiy.
<lianii letraeanlhtit, ItLocii, luhtli., |il. 'J7U, 17U1, Martinique; on a ilriiwiiiK l>y

I'l.UMIKK.

.\iithiaical>alUioti\ UwcH & SciiXKiDKii, Synt. Iditli., MIO, IMOI. Cuba; uft»r Pakua.
Itiiiliiuiiiii vinimt, I.Ari:n.DK, lliHt. Xitt, ToiMN., iv, |)1. 4, II;;. :t, 18U3, Martinique; on u

ilrinviiiK by I'l.r.MipK.
Mi'soitiioii 7ri>i(«, Ci'viEK \ Valbni'ie.vnkh, HiHt. Nat. riiJHH., II, 460, I8L'H, San Domingo;

not alter l-IN.v.Kfs.
l,i,botf» iiiinrijinatui, liAIltD & GlHAltD. 0th Smith. Itupt., 332, 1H55, Beesley Point, New

Jersey.
Luljauui tti-anmi. Uoode & IJkan, rroc. T. 8. Nat.Mus. 1878, 170, Pensacola, Florida.

(Typt', N<i. 21337, U. 8. N. M. UoU. Silas Slcarim.)
MffKpi-iiin eahalliroti; Poky, KepiTtorio, it, l.'i7, IHilH.
l.utjanua eaballfrulf, I'okv, Synop.siH, 203, 18(38; I'liEY, Euiiiueratlo, 20, 187B; JouDAN «fc

(iii.iiEiiT, Synopaia, 021, 1883.
Lutjanuii ijiiteua, Jukua.v it Swain, I.e., 430; iIdiida.n a t'ESLtit, i. c, 441.

1034. .\KU.H.i:.MM JOCr (liliM'li \ Scli.iui(lur).

(l)()(t .SrJAI'I'ER; .fori''.)

Iloiul L'.i; ilopth 21. 1). X, 11; A. Ill, S; sciilos (7) «-5»;-ir), 15 po.-os.
liody coiiiparativoly deep iiinl conii»ru8Heil, tho Imck elcvatotl; prolilc steep
iiihI iiliiiOHt Htriii^lit t'roiii Hiioiit to iiaito, tlieiico little convex; Hiioiit rather
Ioii^uikI puiuted, 2i{ in heatl; eyo moderate, I '; in head; interorbltal Hpace
iiiirrow, g. ntly convex, 5,ii in head; occipital keel moderate; preorhital
l)road, '1H>> head; month rather lar;re; Jaws Miibe(|iial; maxillary reaih-
iiig front of orbit, 2* in head; nitper.jaw with a narrow baud of villiform
teeth, ont.side of which is a aingle Herien of larger teeth; l canineo in
liont of upper ,jaw, 2 of them very large, aliiiont ei|naliug in length the
(liainoter of pupil; lower Jaw with a narrow villiform band iu front only,
ji.id a series of larger teeth ontside, the largest on the side of the jaw
almost caninelike; tongue with u single large oval patch of teeth, its
length more than twice its width; teeth on vomer forming u broadly
arrow-shaped patch with a backward prolongation on median Hue twice
the length of wi«lth of anterior part, (till rakers rather short and thick,
the longest about | diameter of eye, about U on lower part of arch, witli
no ludimeuts in front of them. Preoperde with its posterior margin
slanting oltli(inely downward and forwiird, the emargmation very broad
:nHl shallow; preoperele linely serrate above, the teelh coarser at the
iiiigle, which is not salient. Scales moderate, smaller than in N. yrisvuH
(ir .\.ajiu<lnii, in nearly horizontal series below, and obliquely upward and
liackward above the lateral line; about 7 or 8 rows of scales on the cheek;
i row on interopercle, 1 on snbopercle, and 7 on opercle; about 3 rows of
liirge scales on the temporal region; top of head, snout, and Jaws naked;
tubes of lateral line branched; bases of soft dorsal and anal scaly; dorsal
sitines rather strong, the outline of tlm liu evenly curved, the fourth and
liftii spines longest, 2* in head; the tenth spine 4 in head; margin of soft
(l(irs;il convex, the middle rays longest, 2^ in head; caudal little forked,

3030 2

1258 Bulletin 47* United Slates National Mustitm,

\ !

I

uppor loho tilt) loii^ur, l{ Inii^th of niiiMlo ntyH, \\ in li»ail ; niur){iii of
anal well roundtMl, tlio iiii<l(llo rityH about, twice Itui^tli of hint rity; tlio
first ray roiirliiiiu iiuurly to tip of lunt ray wiion titu llii ih «li-pr«iHHf«l ; pec-
turalH rtlit^htly fiilcato, roiicliiii); uliiioHt to front of ninti, Ij^ in luMid; uiiul
■piiioH Htroii^, tiioHuconil rather ioii^oHt iiiiU Htron^fOHt, not alwayx reiidi-
\\\\l pant tip of thinl, :<ij ill lieittl. Color of adult in lifo, oliviifuoiiH aliovo,
paler below, much lliiNhi>d, ho that the Ki-ni^rtil htin iH ovurywhoro eoppery-
red; Hides of body with iiuiiieroiiH narrow troHHbarH, ra^lit^r faint, the liKlit
and dark of about equal width, or the jiule narrower; Hcab'H of upper
partH nw'Hially bron/.ed; head coppery, eHpecially above; a broad whitinh
area fnmi eye to alible of iiioiitli, bccoiiiiii;; roHy in HjiiritH; an irre^^iilar
line of nmall round or oblonj^ npotn below eye, fnuii Huout to aiif^le of
opercle; noft linn till plain li^ht brick-red, the anal Hiuiiewhat orange, the
caudal iiiort^ or Idhh yellowiHh ; HpimuiH tlorsal with a li^lit orange band at
banc and edfre, the middle jiearly; the blue Htripe below eye pernintH
longer than in any of the other npecieH which poHHenH it. Young, in life,
greeiiinh-olive, the head and breant lluHhed with bright coppery-red; bane
of eacliHcale bright lU'aiige-ycllow, tliiH color more extensive than the dark
ground color, ho that the general hue of the body, enpccially below and
]ioHteriorly, in a rich gohlen-vellow; a diiHky Hpot on to]) of head; tempo-
ral region with a diiHky nhiide; an undulating blue Htripe below eye from
Hiioiit to angltt of operob>; a Hiiniiar fainter Htreak below it; pectoraln ]iale
red or light orange; ventraln oraiigi^ other tiuH rich giddeii yellow, the
front of the aiialand theedgeof theHpinoiisdoiHal rich, clc-ir, bright orange.
Described from a Hpeciiiien 12 iiichcH in length. Wc Mlien, north to
Fl'irida Keys, Houth to liahia; occaHiimally north to < itole, ManH.

ThiH s])ocie8 is about e(|iially abundant with N.apodttH about Florida Keyis
and Cuba. (From Cuban namo^'ocu.)

Joeii\, rxnRA, Doscr. Dif. l'ii«/.im, Hint. Nat., i, pi. 2,'), flj;. 2, 1787, Cuba.
Anthiaijoeii, IJi.cm'ii \ .SrnNi:u)KU, S.vhI. Irlitli., :U0, IHOl, Cuba; afUM- I'arra.
Metoprinn litura, (Juviek Jk. VAm.vciENNic.s, Hint. Nnt. PoIhb., ii, 407, 182H, Cayenne; St.

Thomas.
Metopiionjiieu, CuviEU A- Valenciennes, Hist. Xnt. I'liiss., ii, 400, 1828.
Lutjamm jocu, PoKV, Synopsis, 202, l8ii8; .Ioudan tit .Swain, I. c, 437; Jdhdan A: Kksi.ku,

I. e., 443.

1686. NEON.K.MS APOIM'S (WnlbHiini).

(SCHOOUIASTEH; CAJ(.)

Head 2A; depth 2i. I). X, 14; A. Ill, 8; Hcalcs (-,) fi-l2 to .l;-)-13, :{»>
pore.s in lateral line. Hody ciiiiiparntively deep, moderately comprcsHed,
the back considerably elevated; profile almost straight from snout to
najie, the nuchal region rather convex; snout unusually long and pointed,
its outline before eye a little depressed, its length 2'^ in liead; eye moder-
ate, H i» head; interorbital space tluttish or gently convex, oA in head;
mouth largo, maxillary reaching front of orbit, 2i{ in head; upper jaw
with a narrow band of villiforiii teeth, outside of which is a single series
of larger teeth; 4 canines in front of upper, jaw; I of them on each
Hide very large, almost as long as pupil; lower Jaw with a narrow villi-
form baud iu front only, and an enlarged .series outside, these largest on

, U

I I!
.ti.

Jordan and Evennann. — fishes of North America, 1250

■iiloof J»w, whoro BOiiio of tliAiii ur«t Hoinowlint ctiiiiii«)Uk<<; toii^iin with
II Hinuin InrKo ovul pittoh of toftli, Uh leiiKtli iiiiuo tliiiii twiro Uh wiiltli;
ttM'th oil vomer foriiiiit){ mi urrow-Hliii|HMl patrh with Iturkwunl |»roloiiKii-
tioii oil iiHHlinn lliiu, tliu l«MiKtli of which Ih twice thn width of tU» arrow-
patvli in front. <>iil-rui<erH riUlit^r dhort anil thirk, the loiiKeiit about
i diiktiiuter of «.Y«S ahoiit U on htwor part of anh. rnuiporch^ with
jtH poHt«tri«>r marKin diiuctiMl Noniewhat olili<|iud,v forward, iiHUaliy vory
wt<:kiy oniurKinato, Hiitdy «errato abovu, almont viitire at the an^In.
S«utl«M hir^e, dixtidcdly larger than in N. jocii ; the Heri«*n heiow the hitrral
lino alinoHt hori/.outal, tlione above in rowH parallel with the lateral
Vuw, theHe becoming more or Iohn irreK<>l>^r puHtoriorly and extending
upward and backward lielow Hoft dornftl; about 7 rowH of hcuIch on
tlio ciioekN, 1 row on interopt'rclc, 1 on Hubo|ierele, and 7 on opcrcle;
temporal region with n few lar^e sralnii in about 2 rows; bane of Hoft
diii'Mal and anal Hcaly ; tuiivH of lateral line rath with 4 or R bninchoH.
Doi'Mal Hpineti Htroii);, the outline of the fin not Ki'<3<i>tly toiivox, thi< fourth
Hpiiie lon){eHt, 2i{ in head, the tenth Hpine I in head; niar^iu of soft duixal
\\>>l\ rounded, the niiddlb rayH longtmt, twice leugth of hirtt, 2} in head;
caudal not deeply forked, the upper lobe longest, 1^ length of iiiiildle rayH,
whit'h are 2 in head; margin of anal well rounded, itH middle rays twice
lrn>;th of liiHt, 2f in head, the fitHt ray reaching abinit to middle of lant
when the tin in depreaned; anal HpineH Htrong, the Hocoiid longer than
third, 3j\ in head; vcntralM 2 in he I ; pectoralH reacliing to fnint of anal,
li^ in hea<l. (.'olor of young in life, greeiiiHh, with about 8 very nar-
row vertical paler bars on body; acaleu of lower part of sides with cen-
tral orange spotH, forming faint Htreaks along the rowH of Hcalea; liolly
pearly ; head greeniah ; a blackish streak from Huoiit through eye to nape;
a narrow, sharply dedned blue stripe liolow eye from snout to angle of
oporcle; no lateral spot; spinous dorsal edged with orange; ventrals,
auid, and caudal pale orange-yellow; pectorals paler. The adult exam-
ples ditfer from the young in the vertical bars being fainter or obstdete,
and in the absence, usually, of the blue stripe below eye and the dark
stripe on temporal region; the soft dorsal, anal, and caudal are always
yellow, of varying intensity, and the edge of thespinous dorsal is«n-ange,
not dusky; the whitish area below the eye, very constant in X.jocu, is
wanting in X apodiig. Length of specimen described from Key West, 9
luclieH. West Indies; north to Key West, south to Bahia. Straying
m nth rarely to Woods Hole. (<r, privative; ttouS, foot; I'atesby having
Mc<.'1uctod to add Electoral tins to his rough drawing; coxia is the plural
of the Cuban name caji, formerly spelled eaxi.)

.'I'erra viarina jiinnit branchialihua earenn (Schoolmaster), ('ateshv, Ilist. Caroliuu, etc.,
tall. 41, 1743, Bahamas; flgiire viiry ]>oor, the i<ectornl tins oinitt«<l.

Caxit, l>AKitA, Dfscr. Dif. Piezas, Hist. Nat., pi. 8, lig. 2, 1787, Havana.

.'I'rrca apoda (" Forstek, Oatnl. of .\nim., M.S., 21," 1774; printed 1844), Wai.baum, Artedi
IMscimn, .151, 1702; baHed on the .SchooIiiia.st«M- of Cateshy.

,s>'rri(.v cn.ri», lU-oon i*t ScBNKlDKR, fchth., 284, 1801, Havana; after Pakra.

lli'idaiiiis utriatuii, JJloch &. Schnkider, .Syst. Ichth., Sa,*), pi. 65, 1801, West Indies; luid
jirintftd albottriatus, p. 2;i7; culled B. fasdatug on plate.

Lutjanui aeutiroatris, Desmarest, I'reui. Dec. Ichth., 12, pi. 3, 1823, Cuba.

12()() Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

Meuojiiiun ci/iwdun, CrviKit \ \'ai,knciennk.s, llisl. Nut. I'diMs., ii. 405, 182H, Martinique:

San Domingo.
Mf^d/irion Ulna. CuviEii &. Vai,en("IKNNES, Mint. Niii. ToImh., ii, 108, IS'.'S, Cuba; San

Domingo.
Mciiijiiioii jturi'scom. CUVIER &. Vai.E.n<'1i;?.NI:.s, IlisK Nat. I'ois.s.. ll, 472, 182H, Martinique.
Mesiiiirion vaxin, I'OKV, Uciicrt Ti;), ii, '.'Oil, lH(i8.
Luljannn cn.ri*. I'oioY, SyiiopwiH, 2U.t, IrtdK; I'ohy, ICiiuiiitiriilio, '.'"i, 1875; Joudan \- Swai.n,

I. C, 4;i5; JOUUAN \ J''li.SI,EU, l.C.,ii\i.

$f

■1!

ll '

1

I i

■1ir:::

UMUi. M-:0.>l KMS AlUJKVriVI-lM'ltlS (I'utds).

(I'AUIIC) .\.-\IAIfII.I.O.)

Head 2:-; ; doptli 2h I). X, 1 1 ; A. Ill, S; Hcalcs 5-15-11'; 15 poi-es. lUu\y
foriiw'd us in X. apodua, iiKxleiatoly »oin[(rc88e«l, tlio hack coiisidenibly cl«-
vatrd; )»roliUi Hti'iiijfht or Hlij^htly (•(uicavofiom .snout toiiapo; tho iiiiclial
region rather convex; snout Ion;; and jtointcd, iintirioily soniowliat de-
pressed, its length H in head ; eye moderate, l:'s in head ; interorhital (spa<*>
very gently conxex, its width (i.l in head; month larye, maxillary reacdi-
inj; a little ])a8t front of orldt, its lentrtli ',i in head; iippi-r jaw witli two
stronj;; canines in fiont, rather weaker than in .V. ((poilim; lower jaw with
the t«M>th in the onter series enlarj^ed, some of the lateral teeth larj^est,
hnt Hcarcel;, caniuelike; teeth on tonj;ne in a sinj^Ii! larjie, (ddonjj; patcli ;
teeth on vomer forminj;- an arrow-shajied patch, willi a long hacdcward
prolongation <>n the median liin?. (Jill rakers ratiiei' few and short, ahmit
7 on lower part of anterior arch, these not itreceded by indiments. I'lco
p«!rcle with its posterior margin extending downward and forward, \ t!i y
weakly emargin. t<', linely .serrate iibove, ahnost «'ntire at the angle.
Scales large, much as in ,V. upoihis, tho series above the lateral line almost
horizontal, and thronghoiit parallel with tho lateral line; scales below
lateral line anteriorly in series running somewhat upward and backward ;
postiTioily in horizontal series; (5 rows of scales on the cluudv ; a band of
about 15 series of rather large scales on tho tohiporal region; oft dorsal
and iinal scaly; tultes of lateral line each with I or 5 branches. Dorsal
spines strong, tho longest I'f; in head; margin of soft dorsal wll roiimled.
tho middle rays I! in head; caudal not deeply forked, the njtper lobe I ■
in head; anal tin rather high, somewhat rounded, tho longest rays 2,', in
head; anal spines strong, the second stronger and larger than third, !? ■ in
head; vontrals Ii in head; pectorals reaching about to front of anal, !]
in head. Color in spirits, bn. wiilsh above, paler below; each scale of sides
somewhat silvery near its middle, tiiese forming narrow and rather dis
tinct dull silvery streaks which follow tho directicm of the rows of scialcs:
a bluish horizontal streak below eye, most distinct in young example-:
(ins palo; l)ack olivaceous, .aiiterior parts washed with maroon-red, briglii
on sides of head, bocDining more orange posteriorly ; posterior hall Of l»od\
bright yellow; some i)ale streaks ou scales; pectorals light orange-red;
other tins mostly bright yeUow; a row of round bine spots below eye;
belly silvery, slightly washed with red; inside of mouth white; iris white.
'I'ho above description is from a s::eeiinen from Mazatlan 11 inches in
length, l-ength 2 foet. Tacilic coast of tropical .\nierica, generally com
uion ou the I'acilic coast of Mexico aud (Jcniral America. It bears consid-

Jordan and Evcrmajin. — Fishes of North America. 1201

onihlt' roscmbliince to ,V. apodim, Jocii, iiikI firinrus, Imt is (li.stiiict fivini all
tlio.se. (arijcntum , silver; vcnier, Itnllv.)

Mi'.iopfiiiii (iru'iitireiilrin, I'ETKH.s, lii'i'lin. Mtiiiatslicr., 704, lH(ii». Mazatlan.

l.iilianiiK tiriii'iitirfulri.i, <Touu\S >V SwAl.v, /. <•., 4114; Kvkhmann \ .Ienkins, I'ror. I". S.

Niit. Mils. 1«!»1, 14<'>; JouiiAN \ Fk.xi.eii, I. <•., 4U.
lAiliiinuKaiijentiventriit, Juuda.n, Fishes Siiialoii, 4.'>.'>.

1«:17. NKO.M.K.MS I.IT.IA\OII)i:S (I'oty).

Tliis specios is known only from Tucy'.s (Icsciiption. Its describer hiis
sii<i"c.stoil till! posisiliiiity of its iKMnj- u liylnid bt^tween (hjinriiH clnifHitnts
and XiOtniiHis apitdnx. Tlio lollowinj^ is l*o(^y's original description :

I'lii' lisli, it'iJiit im(lonl)(('<U.v Imloiifiiiij;' to tli('};('iiii.s <>c)/iini.i of Trot'cssor (iill, oi wliicli
I lie Misiq>ni)ni-hriinurui is tli<!t.v|«', conit's nearer to it thau t')«iiy ollinrKoiiUH, l>y tlic Itilur-
ciilioii of its caiiilal decipc.r tiiaii in LtiljanuH jont, caxin, eabalUroti', »'tc. 'I'lio pointed
^iiiiiit iind tlii'liinj;' canines would liriui;- it anions these last. Kroni itscoh>r.s the lisliei'nioii
leil loeonsider it a hylirid lietween tlie..!/. rlni/siniNi and llio .V. caxls. Tliey "(ten t litis

ilisiiose o

f a new tish, as in tlie case of tht^ Oci/tirun ainhiij

II US

and <iiirovittalu,i. I'.nt a.s

^iiili liv'ii i'lf' '^'"0 ''•"■•' '"""S "•''''• '""I especially so anioiii; t licsc? fieiiera, it is, I believe,
lijilit to consider the ju'esent six'cios as a jjood one. The total leiifjth 'Jlto niilliniuters, or
1 1. 1.'p inches. The heifjht of the hody, ei|nal to the length of the head, i.i contained .Ij
limes in the total lentftli. 'I'lie eye is lather hif;h up, and halfway from snout to tip of
ii|it r( le. Till' nostiils are on tiio niiildio of the. siuiut, rather wideapart. the posterior ono
iiIiIdiii:. The iiiouth is snialf, tor tint tMids of the nia\illai'i<^s are under the posttTior nos-
iiil. The preopendo is only sli^jhtly notched, tinely denticulated; the opercle withouv ii
■-liinous iioint. The ti'ctli are in ono row, the canines rathi'r long, -'nid hehind them there
.'lie ns|ii'rities: tin; palatine arch has teeth and the ton^ut^ is roii<;h. 'I'he lateral line
liiisalMiiil .">"> scah^s, (> rows ahove and 15 helow it; tliere are .scali's on the opercles and
tiiii|ilis, I lie rest of t!u! head nak(Ml. The Hca]>iilar hones Khowoutsid(!. There ari' very
siiiiill scales on the intersiitial hasci of the soft rays of the vertical lin. I). 10, 14;
A. :i. 8. Tli(< [xisterior honhws of the dorsal and anal are rounded. The caudal lohes are
cliiiiuatcd, hut less so than in tUi' M. cliriiniinix. The pectoral is pointed, contained 4J
liiiii s in the total len;;th. T'he three tirst sjuny rays of the dorsal j;'""l"iilly increase in
leiinlh, the last, or tenth one, not longer than tlm preceding; ones. The soft rays of the
iloisal ;ind anal iii'c all l)ranched and llattened. The color is a hrownish-jfreen, the alido-
iiicii |i;ilcr, ti hrown hands fall vertically from back over the sides: a broad and intcr-
iii|ilril stripi' of a fi'reeni.sh color extends from the upper jiart <d' the opercle to the base of
ilii iniidal, resenihlin;; Oeiniriin chri/ioiru.i and aiiroritfniis. I have seen this tish hut
iini'c. iiiul I sent the spei:imen to the United States, either to I'rofessor Ajfassi/, or to Mr.
liicvnort. It hears my No. 16;i.

Cuba; ono specimen known. {f.ufjani(s; f/'(5o?, likeness.)

Dniiiiiixliitjaiwiili'ii, ToKV, .\nn. Lye. Nat Ili.st. N. Y., I.\, 1871, ;!!!>, Cuba.
Liiiiiiiiiiiilutjanoitli-s, I'oi;v, Enumeratio, 30, 1875; Jokuan &. Swai.v, I. e., 458; .Iordan &
1 ii-i.i;ii, /. c, 445.

n

1«;{S. >F(>M.1':MS nrCCANKLIiA (Cuvier\ Valenciennes).
(Sk.SI I)K I,0 Al.ri); OUEU.l.K NOUJE; HOUCANELLR ; BLACK-FIN SNAITEK.)

lliadL'i; depth 2.i. 1). X, 14; A 111,8; scales 8-03-1;"), 50 pores. I'.ody
rutluT .slender, snhclliptical, the back nioderatcly elevated ; ])rolile almost
stniiiiiitiVom .suont to nape, tlieuceconvt^K; siunit rather long and pointed,
;>', in head; eye large, '3.V in head. Interorbital space slightly convex,
."i;; in head, the occi]»ital ridgo low; preorbital rather narrow, 7i in head;
inuulii rather small, the jaws subeciual ; maxillary reaching almost to I'nmt

1262 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

■X'

(it

of pupil, 2]^ iu head; upper jaw with a narrow band of villiform teeth,
outside of which is a series of moderately enlarged teeth ; 4 rather strong
canines, 2 of them longer, about i diameter of pupil ; lower jaw with
a single series of unequal teeth as strtmg as upper; inside of these is
a narrowband of villiform teeth in frort of jaw only; tongue with a
single long oval patch '»'' loeth, its length more than twice its width;
vomer with a broadly arrow-shajwd patch (»f teeth with a backward
])ro1ongation on nsedian line, its length scarcely greater than width
of patch ill frtint; no teeth on pterygoid or hyoid bones. Gill rakers
numerous, about 12 developed on lower part of areh, besides 5 or 6 very
small or riiuimentary ones, those near the angle larger, their length 2\
in eye. Preopercle with its posterior margin oblique and nearly straight,
a broad and rather shallow notch above its angle, its edge strongly ser-
rate, the teeth coarser at angle and on lower limb. Scales rather small,
the rows above the lateral line running ujiward and backward, the rows
below nearly horizontal; about 6 rows of scales on the cheeks, 1 or 2
rows on interopercle, 1 row on siibopercle, 7 or 8 rows on opercle ; bases
of soft dorsal and anal scaly, the outline of the tins rather strongly
convex ; temporal region with a band of large scales, behind which are
small scales; top of head, snout, and jaws naked. Dorsal spines mod-
erately strong, the fifth spine 2f in head, the tenth spine 3^ in head;
margin of soft dorsal nearly straight, its rays almost of equal length,
3f in head ; caudal moderately forked, the upper lob«^ slightly the longer.
If length of middle rays, which are 2i in head; margin of anal gently
convex, the middle rays slightly longer than last, 2^ in head, the tip ol'
first soft ray almost reaching tip of last ray when the fin is depressed ;
anal spines strong, the second longer and stronger than third spine, 2f in
head; ventrals 1* in head; pectorals reaching opposite first soft ray of
anal, 1^ in head. Color in life <-rimsou, silvery below, flushed with crimson ;
axil and base of pecttirals jet-black ; eye orange; dorsal crimson, its edge
scarlet; caudal orange-yellow, as also part of caudal peduncle; last rays
of soft dorsal, most of anal and ventrals, yellow; pectorals, base of anal,
and ventral spines pinkish. In spirits the bright colors fade, leaving th«;
body pale reddish, the base of the pectoral within and without jet-black.
West Indies ; a small and strongly marked species, common in the deeper
waters about Havana, and known in the markets as «C8t or seat de lo alto,
{bouoanelle, a name used in Martinique.)

Metoprion bticcanella, Cuvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., ii, 455, 1828, Marti-
nique; (iOntiieii, Cat., I, 198.

Megoprion candanotatiis, PoEY, Meinorias, I, pi. 3, fig. 2, 440, 1851, Cuba.

Lutjaniis buecanella, I'OEV, Synopsis, 295, 1808; Jordan «fc Swain, i.e., 445; Jordan, Prot.
U. S. Nat. Mas. 1889, 618; Jordan &. Feslbr, I. c, 445.

I. '1

1039. NKO.n.KXIS VIVAMJ8 (Cuvier & Valoiicieimes).
(Paboo de lo Alto; Silk Snapper.)

Head 2f; depth 3. D. X, 14; A. Ill, 8; scales (7) 8-72-17, 50 pores.
Body rather slender, subelliptical, the back not greatly elevated; profile*
very slightly convex from snout to nape, thence more arched ; snout rathei'

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1263

\, Proc.

i

I

jores.
Irofilts
lather

long and pointtMl, 3 in liead ; eye ratbor liirge, 4 in liead ; interorbital 8i»ace
slifjlitly convex, 4if in lif»ad, tho occipitnl keel not very prominent; proor-
bitiil rather broad, '•>} in head; month rather sinall; .jaws snbeipial; max-
iliiiry roachiiig front of pnpil, 2i in head; nppcr Jaw with a narrow band
of villiform teeth, outHide of which is a single series of well-developed
teetli; I moderate canines in front of 'aw, the 2 longest abcmt A diame-
ter ol'juipil; lowc^r jaw with a single series of rather large, nne(inal
teetli, Inside of which is a very narrow band of villiform teeth in front of
jaw only; tongne with an oval patch of tectli, about twice as long as
Itroad. in front of which is a ronndisli patch; no teeth on hyoid bone;
j)trcygoids toothless; vomer with a broudly arrow-sliaped patch of tooth,
with a backward prolongation on median lino somewhat longer than width
(sl the ]»atch in front, (iill rakers slender, their length almost ecpial to
,), diameter of eye, about 11 developed below the angle, in front of these
about 5 rudiments, rreopercle with posterior limb slanting slightly
downward and forward, with a b;oad an<l rather shallow emargination,
its margin iinely serrate above; coarser teetli at the angle and on lower
limb ; jiosterior nostril oval. S<ale8 very small, tiie rows running obliquely
upward and backward above the lateral line, the rows being almost hori-
zontal; 7 rows of scales on cheek, 2 rows on interoporclo, \\ rows on sub-
opercle, and about 8 on opercle; temporal region with 1 row of largo
scales behind which are smaller ones ; top of head, snout, and jaws naked ;
bases of soft dorsal and anal scaly. Dorsal spines rather strong, the outline
of lin rather strongly convex and without deep emargination, fourth spine
longest, 2;f in head; the tenth, 3i in head; margin of soft dorsal straight-
ish, rounded behind, the ninth ray longest, H length of lirst and two times
last ray, 2Jl in head; caudal lunate, the upper lobe slightly longer than
lower, its length lA times middle rfiys, which are 2 in head; margin of
anal angulato, the middle rays longest, 2 times length of last ray. If
in bead, the first ray reaching almost to tip of last ray, when tlio hn is
depressed ; ventrals 1 j in head ; pectorals not (juite reaching front of anal,
1!, in head; second anal spine slightly bmger than third, 3i in head.
Color in life, bright rose-color, paler below, some narrow, undulating,
light golden streaks following the rows of scales above the lateral line;
iris always bright yellow (an important color mark); mouth reddish
witliin; traces of dark lateral spot in most specimens; dorsal rosy, its
tiiiso palo, its edge yellow ; caudal rosy, dusky behind, stmietinies blood-
ied at tip; pectorals very pale yellow, ventrals and anal pale rosy, the
iiitter yellowish behind. The bright colors all fade and disappear in
spirits. The scales of the upper parts, in spirits, are niarkod with dark
(lilts, which form stre.iks along the rows of scales. Described from a sjiec-
imen from Cuba, 10 inches in length. West Indies. A handsome species,
riitber connnon in the markets of Havana, where it is known as the ixinjo
<le lo altu. When fresh it may always be known by the bright yellow color
of the eye, a color which docs not entirely fade in spirits. (From the
1 rencli nameri/vo/c/, use«lat Martiniiiue, probably allied to rivax, "lively.")

Mi'sojirio)) vivanus, Covikk A-, Valenciennes, Iliat. N.it Poiss., u, -IM, IS'.'S, Martinique.
Mixdinidit profundus, PoEY, ileinorias, ll, 15u, 1800, Cuba; Jounw & SWAlN, i.e., 444.

12G4

Bulletin ^7, United States National A/iisei<m.

LuljaiiUi forridiin, (!ni'K, 'I'raiis. Am. IMiHoh. S<ic. 180!), -JOH, St. Kitts.

Liiljaniia iniri)iin'ii.i, Tokv. KniiiiH'rMtio, 2!), 1H7.') (iiiiirio liikrii rroiii Mfmijirion pufjiureun,

(Ji'ViKU i\^ Valuni'minnks, HJHt. \)it. I'oi.ss., ii,»7l, IHIJS; tlifimiiui7/(nv(»/<iai'vi(l<'iill.v

11 Hlip III' (lie |i(Mi for (iii(t).
Mi:inprioHtiii(i, (UviVAl \ Vai.ENciennks, IliHi. Nat. I'oiss., il, t.l", IHL'8; ('.(iNlllEU. Cut.,

I, 19H, I «.■>!».
I.iiljaniis jifofvmliis. Poky, KniniM'riitio, 'J8, IHT.'i.
Lutjaniiti I'iraniin, .Iouuan, I'riM^ I', S. Niil. Mun. Ihho. (IJS; Jokiia.n \- Fk.si.ku, i. ('.,445.

■■■.V

111

/, ''

!!;■:'

iff ■

'lU;

I«IO. NKON.K.MS AYA* (ni'X'li).

(IvKD SNAri'Kll; I'AUIll) ('dLOUADO; rAKOo ( llIAIIIINANfiO ; ACARA AVA.)

IIoiul 2;!; depth 2». 1). X, II; A. Ill, !»; sciiles (7) S-60-15, poreH KJ.
Hody nitln'V doej), niodiT.atoly coiu]H'csH(id, tlio back well elevated, pro-
lile steej), and almost Htraifijht from suimt to nape. Snout rather pointed,
2! in head; eye moderate, 5.} in liead (larj^er in younf?). Interorbital
space an<;ulate or strongly convex, 5 in head; occipital keel strong; i>r<'-
orbital rather broad, 5 in bead; month rather largo, maxillary reaching
front of orbit, 2i in head; n]>per jaw with a narrow band of villi form
teeth, outside of which is a row of larger but comparatively small teeth;
•1 canines in front, 2 (sometimes dujdicate) of them larger, their length
about i diameter of eye; lower Jaw with a single row of rather suiall
teeth, usually largest on side of .jaw, Avhc^rt^ some of them are almost
caninelike; within these is a very narrow hand of villi form teeth in front
of jaw only; tcmgue with a broad oval patch of teeth, scarcely twice as
broad as long; in front of this patch is a small irregular patch; vomer
with a broadly arrow-shajied patch, with a rather short backward pro-
longation <m median line, its length about e«|naliug width of patch in
front, (iill rakers moderate, their length about A diameter of eye, H on
lower arch, rrcojiercle with its ])osteri(U' margin about vertical, its
emargination deep, its <!dge rather linely serrate above, coarser at the
angle, dentate on the lower border. Si-ales rather lai'ge, the rows hori-
zontal below Literal line, the rows above running backward and upward ; (>
rows of scales on cheek, 1 on the interopercle, 1 on subojjercle, and 7 on
opercle ; bases of soft dorsal and anal scaly ; pores of lateral line branched ;
temporal region with a broad l)and of scales, with a few scattering ones
l)elow it; top of head, snout, and jaws naked. Dorsal spines rather
strong, the outline of the tin moderately convex, the fourth and iifth
spines longest, 2;i{ in liead; the tenth spine ;ibout 1 in head; margin of
soft dorsal nearly straight, the tin pointed behind; tlie middle rays little
longer than iirstray, 1.V length of last, 3 in head ; caudal Innate, the upper
lobe scarcely longer than lower, its length 1| times length of middle rays,

* The type of Menoprion campechanus pxaniined by U8 at Havana is a stuffed skin of a
yoiiiiff lisl), apparently bcloiiginjj to this species. Iii this siuiciineu the eye is larfjer than
It should lie in :i red snapper df that size, it beinfi, as Poey has correctly stated, 4 in bead.
This lartie size is, however, jirobably due to the shrinkage of the orbit in drying. I'oey
also counts "6fi scales above tb(^ lateral line and .53 below, " a larger niiiiibor than others
couut in this species This ditference is doubtless dependent on the luethod of counting.
Tlio type of Lutjaiius hlackfordi is of course the iiresent species, and the tirst good
description of the species is that jmblished by (Joocle & Jiean under this name. "We are
forced, however, to adhere to our original view, tliat the name campechanvi certainly
belongs to the same tisb, and tlie still older name ni/rt. is as well authenticated as the
names given by Blnch are likely to bo. We can not therefore make uao of the uaiuo
hlackfordi as tlie specilic name of the red snapper.

A. m^}

Jordan and Eirrnuuni. — Fislws of North Ainerica. 1205

wliich ill'*' 1; in h(!a<l; iiiai^xin nl' tiiiiil strongly iuigiilato, tlir middle rayn
rciicliiiijt iMiiiily to t)a8»( of caudal, 2A l«^nytli of la-st ray, 11 in lioad; tho
lirst lay narlics about to uiiddlti of last ray when tlio (in is doprcssud ;
anal spinos Htrong, tho Horond scarcely as lonj; an third, 1 in head;
\ciitrjils 11 ill head; ])cctoral.s rcachiiij^ to front of Jiiial lin, 1! in iicad.
Color Ml Iif<', deep rose-n'd, paler on tliicMt; IdiiiHli stroakH alon^: rowH of
scales, above ixsconiing fainter and diHai)i»carinjLj with aye; lina brick-red;
dorsal bordered with oranj^o, with a narrow blackish edge; caudal nar-
rowly cd;;cd with blackiHli ; eye red ; a large blackish blotch above lateral
line and below front rays of soft dorsal in yonng Hpecinions, this spot dis-
appearing with ago; axil of pectoral dusky. Length 2 to 2.1 feet. De-
scribed from a si»ocinien from oil' Key West, It! inches in length. Long
Island to l>razil, on rocky banks in rath* r deep water; esjiecially abund-
ant in tho (iiilf of Mexico otf Cape San Hlas and about Yucatan. The
most valuable food-fish of the genus in tho waters of the United States;
taken in great iiiiinbers olf r(!nsac(da and Key West. On tho American
coast it is known everyAvheie as " reil snaj)per" or to the Spaniards as
jHiryo ciilorailo. In Havana it hilars the name panjo ;iiia<liiii<iiigo, "Me\-
ican Snai)i)er," because it is brought to that city from the Mexican coast.
According to I'oey it is comparativ«'Iy rjire in Cub;in wat<Ms, although
daily seen in the markets. Specimons from Rio .lanoiro examined by us
seem to l)e identical with the common rod Hnai)per. Occasi(m;illy straying
north to Woods Hole. (From the Portuguese name, Acura aya.)

\nirit (Ilia. MAiK'fUtAVK, HiHt. Urasil., 107, 108, 1048, Brazil.

I'„„liii,iii>:<i!iii, J?l.O('lI, Iclitli., i;U7, IT'.m, Brazil; iiltcr MAKCdUAVH.

n„tli(i,ii(s nihi'i; liLOCir \ Schnkujer, Syst. Iciitli., ICIH, 1801, Brazil; baflod on Mauc-

(IIIAVK.
yn'i:'>i>i'ii'ii raiiipiehanug, I'OKV, AIcmoriiiH, ll, 140, 1860, Campenhe.
f.utjinnis black/iinU, (looDic & J$EA\, I'roc. T'. S. Nat. Mas. 1878, 170, Pensacola (Type,

Xo. 2i;i;!0. Coll. Silas Stearns) ; Joudan tt Gilukht, Synopsis, 549.
Lnljainmcamjurhiaiiiiii, I'oKV, Synopsis, 294, 1808; Jordan \- (Iii.iiEUT, Synopsis, 9'Jl.
[.iiljitiiiinaiia, (rixiDK, 15i- '.. IJ. S. Nat. Mas., v, 55, 1870; JouuAN & I'esleu, i. o.,447.
LkIjiiuhk liviinun, .loUUAN i<^-. SwAiN, I. <;., 453; iiot type.

KUl. >'K0.>I1;MS ANALIS (Cuvicr & Valenciennes).

(MUTTONKISII; rAlidO; I'AKOO (iKU)LLO.)

Head 2^; depth 2;i. D. X, 14; A. 111,8; scales (7) .0-67-17, pores 51.
Hody rather deep and compressed, the back rather strongly elevated, pro-
lile steep and nearly straight from snout to nape; snout rather long and
pointed, 2;' in head; eye rather small, 5: in head in specimens a foot in
length; interorbital space gently convex, 5* in head; occipital keel mod-
erate; preorbital very broad, its least width 4 in head; mouth moderate;
maxillary scarcely reaching front of orbit, 2', in head; iipjier Jaw with a
narrow band of villiform teeth, outside of which is a single series of larger
but small (eeth; (! rather strong canines in front, 4 of them larger, about
ei|naling in length f. diameter of pujiil; lower Jiiw with a narrow villi-
form band in front only and a series of larger teeth outside ; these unequal,
largest on side of jaw, some of them almost caninelike; tongue with
a ttingle very small patch of teeth on its middle, this v.autiug iu young-

l'?i

1266 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

\\

in.

■v!

if

,i
-13; .

examples; teeth on vomer forming a broadly A-shuped patch, without
backward prolongation on median line. Gill rakera moderate, \ length
of diameter of oye, about 8 on lower urch, with no rudiments before
them. Preoperole with its posterior margin almost straight, slanting
gently' downward and forward, tho n«>tch broad and very shallow ; edge
of proopert'Ie rather coarsely Hurratu, most so at the angle; sculcs small,
th(! rows almost horizontal below the lateral lino, running backward and
upward above; tubes of lateral line brant-hed; about 7 rows of scales
on the cheeks; 1 row on interopercln, 1 on suboperclc, and about i) on oper-
cki; temporal region with about K rows of scales, which become smaller
posteriorly; bases of soft dorsal and anal scaly. Dorsal spines weak and
slender, the outline of the iin not greatly curved, the fourth s])ine longest,
2jf III head, the tenth spine 3^ in head; margin of soft dorsal angulate,
the ninth ray longest, twice last and 1^ times first ray, 2 in head; caudal
well forked, upper lobe the longer, 1* length of middle rays, whicli are
about 2,'; in head; anal angular, similar to soft dorsal, the middle rays
more elevated than in any other species, longest 2i length of last, 2 in
head; tirst ray nearly reaching tip of last when the iin is depressed; the
second and third anal spines rather strong, of equal length, 3f in head;
ventruls 1^ in head; pectorals reaching slightly past origin of ami!, l-fu in
head. Color iu life, dark olive-green above ; many of the scales with pale-
blue spots, these forming iriegular obli(iue streaks upward and backward;
similar stripes more regular and numerous on caudal ]>eduncle and above
anal. In old fishes thest^ blue spots and streaks disappear; belly white,
strongly tinged with brick-red; about fi narrow, dusky, vertical bars, a
little broader than the interspaces and not well defined, between gill
opening and anal; head brou/e-olive, darker above; a broad, undulating,
pearly streak from snout below eye to upper edge of gill opening; a nar-
row l»lue streak from eye to nostrils ; iris fiery red ; pectorals, caudal, anal,
and ventrals Itrick-rcd, the caudal narrowly margined with black and little
bronzed above ; dorsal reddish along f he rays and tii)s of membranes, other-
wise yellowish; distinct lateral blotch just above the lateral line and
below tlie first soft ray on dorsal, about as large as pupil, smaller than
in other species similarly marked, and seldom disappearing with age; axil
and bar across base of pectoral above, pale or dusky olive. In spirits the
markings become fainter, the lateral blotch and the bluish streaks on head
usnally persisting. Described from a specimen from Key West, 11 inches
in length. West Indies ; Pensacola to Brazil ; rather common at Key West ;
straying north to Woods Hole; 4he most important food-fish of the Havana
markets, being always abundant and its flesh always healthful. It reaches
a large size and. its flesh is fairly flavored, although not very delic ,tp.
(analia, from the elevated anal fin.)

Anthias quartus rondeleti (Mutton-fish), Catesbv, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1743, Bahamas.
Mesoprion analia, CuviKR & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., u, 452, 1828, San Domingo;

POEY, Meniorias, u, 146, pi. 13, flg. 9, 1860.
Mesoprion tobra.* CuviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., u, 453, 1828, Martinique;

(tCnther, Cat., I, 209.

' The names analia and $obra of Cuvier & Valenciennes seem to belonar to tMs species
without question. Mesoprion igodon is idcntitit'd by Vuillant witli .V. iinalh on coiiipaii-
sou of typical examples. Metoprion rotaecun w.i* described as a distinct species from a

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 1207

Menoitrion Uodon, Cdvibr &. Valen<^iennbh, Hist. Nat. Poias., ix, 443, 1833, San Domingo ;

(JOnthbh, (."at., I, 200.
Mesopnon nmaeetu, I'oKV, Ann. Ly(!. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ix, 1870, 317, Cuba.
lAttjnnun analit, Poky, Knunieratio, 20, 1875; Joiidan, Proo. U. 8. Nat. Mua. 1884, 125;

JoKDAN & Swain, {. c, 455; Jordan &. Fb8I.ik, I. e., 448.
l.iitjnnuii rogaci'ut, Poey, Eiiumeratiu, 30, 1875.

UMH. NKOMiEMS COLOUADO (Jordan & Qilbert).

(PARdO (NiLORADO.)

Iload 2S; depth 3. D. X, U; A. Ill, 7; S(!ale8 5-47-11; tubes in lateral
line 17. l^ody foiiipanitivel.v (loe|t, highest at front of flpinous dorsal, and
with an angle at origin of soft dorsal; profile of hack evenly arched to
origin of dorsal fin; ventral outline rectilinear to origin of anal fin, th«'
base of which fin is very obli(|ue in the young, h-ss so in the adult. Snout
rather short, less acute than in N. iiovemfaacialiis, less than j^ length of head ;
maxillary reaching nearly or ijuite to vortical from front pupil, 2| in head.
Width of cheek from orliit to angle of preoporcle less than snout. Eye, in
adulf, half the interorhital width and V, length of snout, proportionately
larger in the young. Vertical margin of preopercle with minute, even
serrations for its entire length; a shallow emargination above the angle,
which is provided with coarser, but still inconspicuous, serrations; lower
limb of ]»reoi)ercle smooth on its ant«-rior half; upper Jaw with a very
narrow band of villiforni teeth behind the conical teeth, which are not
very large; a single pair, or more usually two unequal pairs, of canines in
front of upper Jaw, between which is a pair of small ti^eth; conical teeth
in lower Jaw larger than those of ui)i)er, close-set, largest in the middle of
the Jaw, becoming smaller in front and behind, about 8 on each side;
vomerine teeth arranged in a cn-scent-shaped patch, without backward
extension on the median line; teeth on tongue in 2 patches, a roundish
1 anteriorly, usually formed by the junction of 3 smaller ones, and an
oblong patch on the median line behind this. Gill rakers distant, few,
the longest i length of orbit, their number about 1+7. Dorsal spines
strong, the fourth the longest, the last more than i its length, the fourth
spine 2} in head, as long as the snout in the adult, a little longer in young;
soft dorsal and anal similar to each other, some of the posterior rays of
each being considerably elevated, the fin thus being pointed instead of
rounded i' yUine; in the young these rays are much longer than the
dorsal spines and slightly longer than the caudal peduncle ; in the adult
they are lower but still longer than the dorsal spines ; longest rays of anal
about >t head; caudal not deeply emarginate; pectorals long, acute, reach-
ing to or beyond vent, 1^ in head; ventrals not nearly reaching vent, as
long us snout and orbit ; anal spines strong, the second rather longer than
third and a little stronger, 3^ in head. Scales rather small, the series
t'onniiig an angle at the lateral line, those below it running the more
ubli(|uely, those above forming nearly horizontal series parallel with

large specimen 27^ inches in length. The only tangible distinction which we tind in the
loiiK (luscription is that the eye i» one-sixth the length of tho head, while in A'', anali* of
the 8anie size the eye is 8} in the head. We hesitate to admit X. ra»aeevs as distiiict from
y. analix. The larger eye and redder coh)rati(m perhaps indicate a spec '.men from deeper
wat<;r than usual. Specimens of this species are iu the museum at Camoridgu from Nas-
sau, Kio Janeiro, and Kio Grande do Norte.

ii^

i

iiiiji

''V!

12G8 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

tho liitm'ul line; hcuIos on (luHiks in ulumt 7 iowh, 1 row nn Huhopercle
and abcHit 7 on optM'<-lts HcalcH on Itrmist very hmijiM, nimli Hniuller tlian
thoHo on opt'Tclo; soft, rays of vcrtinil liiiH with accompanying soiies of
HuaieH. Coloration in lifo: Abovu dark olivaceous, i^udi scale with the
hasiil half dark (dive-brown; sides with or without sonio silvery luster
at bases of scales, forming, when pres(tnt, faint longitudinal streaks; lu^ad
and lower parts of body liri<4ht nd, <^s)iecially bright on lower parts of
bead, the color extending' up on the sides for a varying; distance; upper
Jaw and nuixillary reddish; upper pints of bead dark olivaceous; soab-s
on si<le8 of bead without dark spots; a unicb-inttMrupted li^bt blue line
from nnddle of (treorbital alon<; suborbital, rarely extendin<; behind the
orbit, mncb less distinct than in .V. urijciitivvnUiH, and disajtpearin^ in
alcohol; cheeks sometinus with bluish spr)ts or lines; insid(» of mouth
red; vertical tins very dark, with nu)re or b-ss reddish; spinous dorsal
with a broad median stn'iik of very light slaty blue; pectorals and ven-
trals reddish, the latter with dusky. Leii;;th 2\ feet. (lUayinasto Panama;
a connnon food tisb; here described from the oiiginal ty|ie from Mii/atlan.
(.S])anish, coh>ra<lo, red (c(dored), in allusion to the common name, I'arijo

Liiljnmis ciituittilo, J<MW\y \ (ill.DJl'T, IVoc. T'. S. \(il. Miifl. 18S1, XIS, n.'l, 35.1, Ma/atlan
(Types, N»s. 2X'M(\ 'JKiO."., 'JKJ(il, anil ^8:183, V. S. N. M. Coll. Kr. (iillifil); -Ioiidan A-.
ilM.iiKUT. r.ull.U.s. Fish ("((iiiiii. 1882, 107. 110: ■loKu.v.N" \ Swain, i.e., 4.''>7; Kvhu.man.n
\- Jf.nkins, I'iw. r.S. Nat. M'is. 18!»1, 147; .IciiDAN .fc Kkslek. «. c, 4l!l.

l.iitiaitun euliiiadii, .Joiidan, l''islics Siiial(ia,4."«(i.

i«i:i. m:o.m.kxis ituvt iiyptkius (Oopo).

Mead 2'\\ dei)th '^. D. X, 12; A. III. 8; scales 8-51-X. 47 pores. Form
of .V. (jriHeits. Maxillary 2.1 in bead, reaching to past front of eye.
Canines very small, <leveloped in upi)er .jaw only; tongu<» with an
oval patch of teeth; vomer with a A-sliaped jtatcli of te(!th, there being a
short backward project'on on the median line; eye rather small, l^ in
head. (Jill rakers few, .'.vranged as in X. i/riHens. Scales above lateral
line iirrangGd in very .;lii|Uo series; 2 bands of small scales on temporal
region. Anal tin lo>v, its longest rays 2'^ in luad; second anal spine about
as long as third, ;{[| in bead; caudal little forked, its longest rays H in
bead; pectoral fin short, 1,^ iu bead. Color in spirits, olivaceous, with
silvery luster below; rows of obscure dusky s)»ots along the scales on
sides and yclbtwish oblique streaks above the lateral line; (ins rather
dark, the caudal not pale; no black lateial spot. The above account is
taken from Trofessor Cope's original tyi)e in the imiseiim of the Philadel-
phia Academy of Sciences. The species is allied to N. {iriacHs, although
apparently distiu'-'., irom that species and from all others known to us. In
its technical characters it approaches nu)8t closely' to X. synagris, near
which species it is convenient to place it in our analytical key. If we
su])po8c the type of X, aiiihifiuHs te be a hybrid, HiimKjris+vhrnHiiruH, we may
suspect ^V. brack lip tern ft to represent a hybrid of (/riseitH and HyiHujrix. The
evidence in the latter case is leas striking than in the former. Ibihama
Islands; <mly the typ«> known, (/i/jdr^r?, short; Ttrepoy, im.)

LutjauMx braclnjptenm. (Joi-K, 'I'raii.s. Am. I'liil. Soc 1871, 470, New Providence; >TuitUAN&
Swain, f.c, 447, (Icscriptioii I'min t.vi>«'; .Ioudan \ 1''k,-<lku, i. c, 44'.t.

Jordan and livirmann. — Fishes, of North America,

Vim

mil. >'K()M>;MH lirTTATIN (StciiKlaolmtT).
(Fi,ami;ni <i.)
|lca(ll."|;.l«M'tli-"i- l>. X, lL'(riiioly \I, 11);A.III,H; HCiilcH (t)) T-oM-ir.,
i\\\ i)on''t. IJo.ly iililoiijir, ruiiipniHstHl, tin* loitik iMtlier more ulcvatoil than
in .V. siiiiinirix. 111" aiitt^rior proliUi iioaily ntrai^^ht I'loin Himiit to iiliuvf <■>•»•,
tluMirr rather istroiiKly cons ex; Hiioiit poiiitnl. latlior loiij;, '.i^ in head;
<'V<' lar^o, n in hoad; intcroihital siiucr jjeiitly <M»!i\ex, its width .'»'• in
httail • in'cipitnl k«t'l rathor itrorniin-nt; priMnhilal narrow, its l«MiHt width
7 ill head; niaxiliaiy oxtciidinj; to soint wliat boyoiid front oforhit, l',',, in
licad. 'I't'eth an in X. Mi/tKinriK, th» cauint'S in npjmr jaw small, thoHt- of
lowrr jaw incoiiH|»ir'ioHH; tongue with i Hinj^hs lar^r ohlon^; patch oC tooth ;
vomer with an /N-sliaped patch of ttcth, the jtrolosj^ation on the iniidian
lino rather short, (Jill rakers rather loii;^, ahout !• on lower part of arch,
with a few rudiniontH in front of them. I'osteriorlinilt of preojKMcleextouil-
in^downward and forward, the omar^iiiation broad and rather Nhallow ;
teeth at ani;le of |»rcopeiel(! rather coarse, those above bmar^jination much
finer. Scales rather lar;;o, those below lateral line in series which are
almost horizontal, those above in series which are very oldiqiio and for the
most jiart regular and ntsarly Htrai;;;lit; cheek with (> rows of seah's, inter-
oiiercle with 1; temporal rej^ion with a series of larj^o scales, before and
IxHiind which is u broad band of small ones; bases of soft dorsal and anal
scaly. Dorsal spines rather slendtir ami weak, the outline of the iln gently
roiive.x, till' longest spine 1':^ in head; soft dorsal short and moderately
high, its margin augulatcd, the eighth ray about ;\ longer than last
ray, and '2}, in head; caudal lunate, the upper lobe 1.^ in head; anal
moderate, rounded iii outline, its longest ray 2i in head; tirst soft ray
reaching tip of last ray when the tin is depres.sed; second anal spine
strougt^r than the third and of about equal length, W, in head; ventrals
1[5 in head; pectorals long, nearly reaching front of anal, Ij, in head,
('(dor in spirits brown above, the sides bright silvery; a large round,
black, latoral blotch, as larg(i as eye, on lateral line below front of soft
dorsal; each scale aliove lateral line with a faint darker grayish median
spot, those forming obUciue streaks; sides of head often with siuiilar spots;
two or throe similar stri'aks often present beh)w lateral lino, these straight
and horizontal ; each series of scales below lateral line with a narrow yel-
low stripe; snout and preorbital with dark vermicnlations; fins all jialo.
In life, light olivaceous above, tho markings bronze-olive; sides pale
crimson, tho marks more yellow; belly golden-yellow; scarlet on iris,
yellow about eye; tirst dors.il reddish, second with reddish-brown mark-
ings; caudal deep rich red; lower tins golden; pectoral nearly colorless;
sides of head pink with golden stripes. Described fronj a 8])ecimeu from
Mazatlan 10.J inches in length. West coast of Mexico from CJuayMas to
Panama. It is a common food-lish atGuaymas, Mazatlan, and Panama; a
small species rarely more than a foot in length, representing Xcomn iiin
njinayriii in the Pacilic. {(juttatitx, spotted.)

Mi'Diipiiiiii (/ntttttun, STElNDAfUNEIl, Iclitli. Xotizeii, IX, 19, pi. 8, ISOD, Mazatlan.
Lu/j(iin(g(ntftatus,Jo\ti)A.:i Jt UiLiiii:u'r, I'roi;. U..S. Nat. Mum. 1881,354; Jokua.v \ (in.BKUT,
Bull. IT. S. Ki.sh Coiuni. 1882, 107, 110; Joudan vt Swain, I. c, 447 ; Kvkk.maxn \ Jknkins,

I'loc. IT. S. \ilt. Mils. IH'.tl, U7, JoitUAN, I. C, 181, 1881); JuUUAN vt FESLEU, I. C, U\i.

iiiiianusfjuttatus, Jouuan, Fishes Sinaloa, 456.

~n

i

w

1270 JJitllctin /7, United Stales National Afnseum.

UWt. NKOM.DIVIN NYMAtmiNd.liiiiiKuii).

(Lank Snai'I'ih; Kiajaiiia; Ukd ta'u Snai'pku.)

Iload 2?; tloptli 2.<. I). X, 12; A. Ill, K; HtaleH (7) H-(JO-ir>, 6<) poroH.
HtMly oltloiifj;, <'«>iiiprcH8e(l, tint hutk inotlcratcly »l»vut«Ml, prolilu uliiiimt
HtiuiKlit rroiuHiioiit toiiii]te; Hiioiit rntliurpoiiiti'tl,;! in lit^ail ; «\V)> iiiDiloratr,
5 ill hoad; iiitororbital Hpuco^tMitly «-oiivo\,r>'j iulieati; o«i«'ipital kiM<llitil«
prominoiit; prtMirbitul rattier Itroutl, \^ iii liuad; maxillary r«*ai;liiii|; Irtiiit
ot'orliit, 2} ill lii^ad; iipp«'r Jaw with a narrow baiiil of villiforni i«M«th,
oiitHiiht of wliirli Ih aHinfflo hiu-Ii^h ot'tMilar^tMl t«<utli ; I raMutr Ninall caninuH
ill .rout, 2 of tliein lar^or; lower Jaw with villiforni haiitl in Iron t only,
tbo Hin^lo row «»f lar^ror toutli iirarly Hi|iial in hI/.a, moiio of thoiii caiiineH;
toiiK>iK with a Hin^h^ oval piiti^h, itH loiif^th iiioih than twiro itn width;
voniflr with a A or /^-HllaIMMl jtatfli of tcotli, withont hackward prolonga-
tion on niodiaii line, or with only a very Hli^^ht oii«<. (iill rakeiH ratlutr
lon^, their Ini^tli Hli^htly more than ^ diainetrr of eye, about 5 I !), and
no nidinientH before them. I'reoprrcle with its jioHterior margin Hlant-
int; downward and forward, theeinarginution broad and moderately diep;
])reopercle rather linoly serrate above, with eoarser teeth at the an<;lo.
S*-aleH rather Hiiiall, the rowH almost horizontal below the lateral line,
above somewhat undulate, rnnning upward aud backward; tubes of
lateral line Biin|)le; (i rowH of Hcales on the cheek, I row on the i!iteri>per-
ele, 1 on the suboperele, antl (i on the opercle; temporal region with a
broad band of scales, arranged in several series; base of soft dorsal and
anal scaly; dorsal spines rather weak and slender, the outline of the tin
gently convex, the fourth spine longest, 2} in head, the tenth spine 'Xi in
head; soft dorsal short, its margin soniewhat angnlated, the eighth ray
longest, twice the length of last ray and 1^ lirst, 2if in head; candal mod-
erately forked, the upper lobe the longer, li length of middle rays, which
are 2 in head; unal rather hi>rh, rounded in outline, its middle rays
longest, Iji length of last ray, ;f in head, ^irst ray reaching middle of
last ray when the tin is depressed; second unal spine stronger than third
and of equal length, 3^ in head; ventrals 1^ in head; pectorals reaching
front of anal, 1^ in head. Color in life, rose-colored, silvery tinged below,
slightly oliv.iceons but not dark above; a large, round, maroon blotch,
larger than eye, Jnst above lateral line and below front of soft dorsal,
always present; series of stripes of deep golden-yellow along sides; 3 on
bead, the upper from snout through eye; about 10 on body, the lower
nearlj' straight and horizontal, the upper undulating and irregular, extend-
ing upward and backward; belly white, its sides largely yellowish ; lips
red; maxillary partly yellow; tongue yellowish; iris tiery red; caudal
deep blood-red; spinous dorsal nearly transparent, with a marginal and
basal band of golden; soft dorsal light red, edged with golden; ventrals
and anal golden; pectorals pinkish. Young quite green above. Simi-
larly striped Cuban specimens are generally duller, with the yellow stripes
decidedly coppery. In spirits the bright colors fa<le, only the lateral
blotch aud the streaks on the head being persistent. West Indies;
Florida Keys to Colon and Brazil; very common almost everywhere from

m

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — Fishis of North America, 1271

'riimpii t«» Hrazll. It ruaclun Imt iimiiiuII hIzo, ntrnly excwMlIng n foot, ami
it iiiliiil>itM chiiHly Hhtillow \vut««rH. In lliivunii it Ih oii«t of \\w iiiimt
('i)iiiiiioii food-flHhoM, ill iiIiiiikIuiioo not (*x«mmmI««1 l>y any otlior H|M'ci«^H. ItH
Mtroii«ly iiiiirk««l coloriitioii it'iulrrH Kh ro'OKiiitioii I'lisy. (tivi'tty/j/^, an
1)1(1 iiaiiioof hrHtt'jnicnlvx, \xn\\w\vn wliioh tliiH oiut wan tliim^lit torrHniiiblo.)

Sali^ piirinirxtci-nn varifiiata (Luiir Sni»i(|ii'r), ('atkmiiy, Mint Nut. (-'iiniliiirt, |tl. 17, I7i;i,

Buhaman.
Simriix nfiiiii'.iri*, l.iNN.r.r'^, Syiil. Niit., x, *J«0, 17r.H; iifli<r ('ati;hiiv.
SliuniHViriiiii'iiliirU.Ul.Kin .V SriiNKiititu, S>mI. Irlitli., 21U, IHdl, Martinique; on mlruw-

lM({l>y ri.rMiDH.
l.iitjaniiitiuhrirti, Kkhmakkht, rmm. Uio. hlilli., 17, pi. 1!, IHJII, Cuba.
l/.j»n/-n()« uiiinnttitiiK, ('rviKK .t Vai.kmiknnkh, IIimI. Nut. I'dJHH., II, 44U, l«'.!H, San

DominKo; Martinique; (II NiiiKii, Cut., I, 201!.
LuljanoH iiiiinufii/iiii. I'oKV, .Syiii>|iMlM, 'J04, IHIIH.
I.iiljtinii.iii!iiia<iriii, I'oKV, KniiiinTulld, 27, iHT.'i; .Ioiidan .S. <iii.liitUT, .S.vii<M>«''*. '••■-^; •^""

iiAN & Swain, I.e., UH. .IdUiiAN, rror. r. .S. Nut. Miih. IMHII, (148; .Ioruan, I.e., IHKO,

310; .IrtBUAN & FK.SM'.B, I.e., 4r>0.

ItUn. MION.KMIN AMIIKJiriH* (I'ooy).

Iloiiil 2,',,; (lopth 3. D. X, 13; A. Ill, i); Hcahw (U) t»-r.3-15, r.() i»oroii.
Ididy ohioiig, t'oinpn^HHOtl, foriiutd iiiiicli aH in .S'.Hiftiiiiiriii, hut iiiont Hli^iiiiur,
llio aiitttrior ]iroliIo iirarly HtraiKlit from tip of Hiioiit to iiupo, thuiico con-
vox; Nuoiit ratlior ion^; an<l |)ointo(l, 3 in h<ta«l; oyo Hiiiall, !){ ii> In-atl;
intororltital Hpaco nurrow, carinato, its widtli r>\ in li<-a<l ; oiMipitai ktx-l
rather pronitnunt; preorhital inodt'rato, its least width tl in head; mouth
moderate, Hli}j;htly ohliqiio, the lower jaw a little projectiiij;, the maxillary
(^xtendiufr to opposite front of pupil, itH length 2!|^ in head. 'I'eeth cHHen-
Mally as in .V. Hi/uagrh; caniiieM of upper Jaw small; enlar^^ed teeth of
lower ,jaw scarcely caninolike; tongue with a single, lar^e, ohlong {)atch
of teeth; vomer with an ^-shaped patch of teeth, the prolonKution on the
median line nmdorate; no pteryj^oid teeth. (Jill rakers lonj^er than in
most Hpecie.s of XeomaniB, about 15 developed on lower part of anterior
aieh. Preopercle nearly vertical, itH emar^iiiation very slight, its serrfe
distinct. Scales rather small, those below lateral line in hori/ontal series,
those above lateral line in regular and very oblique series, which are not
])ara11el with the lateral line; ehcek with 5 rows of s«'ale8; temporal
region scaled from the eye backward, posteriorly with a band of rather
large scales followed by smaller ones; bases of soft dorsal and anal scaly;
dorsal tin little emarginate, the spines rather slender and low, the longest
L'A in head; longest ray of soft dorsal 2^ in head; caudal rather deejdy
forked, the longest rays li in head, the median rays 3ji ; anal spines slender,
regularly graduated, the second spine i}, in head ; soft anal rounded, rather
low, the longest rays '2f, in head; pectorals long and falcate, l,*; in head;
veiitrals 1^. In spirits, nearly uniform brownish above, paler below, with

'I'liis Hpccics is very well (liHtiiifiulHlind J'roin Nenincenit »)/nagrU and from Oei/iinii
chri .vi/rH.v, luit it |ireHonta snoli n .siiigiilur Itleiuling of tlio characters of the two as to lend
iiKicli ])r(>lml>ilit.v to Pooy'-s conjecliiro that it is a hybrid ot S'eommtiis tynagris with
Oci/iirii.s chn/nurun. Two Hprciincns are known, tlie one sent by Toey to the V. S. National
M iiHeiini mid described in the jiaper of Jordan A Swain : the other sent by Poey to the
niiiscuin at Cambridge, is very similar, with well-forked eiiudal and numerous gill" rakors.
Tlie lower jaw is, liowerer, scarcely jirojecting, and the pectoral short, 1? in head.

it

I'JTli nuUdin //, irnited States Nutiomil Musiiim.

piilo HtroiiKH allium tli« ruwH oi'HiulrH. In life, iicronliiiK to I'ory'H li^iiro,
it linil laiirli tlut coliii'iitiiiii ut' Stitmnn\H /ti/)M/f/)'('i, Dchi rilu'il iVoiii ii Hprri
iii«>ii t'rom lluviiiia 10 iiiclum in lcii>(tli. ('ul>ti; ;!: KiiuriiiuMiH Iviiuwn. («(»
hiijuHM, nn«'«>i-taiii.)

ireiMi>rii>naiiihi<nniii. I'oKV, Miiniirinii, II, I.Vj, jil I'.', II^. I, |il. H, tiK. M, iMilii, Cuba ( r>|M>, Nn

i;it);iti, r. s. N. M.I ; I'oK.v, s\ ii<i|tF.iH, 'Jit:..

LutjUHllH ainfiiiinill. I'oKV, Kuuiiiiliitiu, :iU, 1873; JoIIIiAN A SWAIN, (. |!.,4&U| •IdUUAN A
FttMUKH, (. f., triu.

m

:^15.^

I«147. >'KOMKMS MAIHMiOM (Cuxirr.V Valniciriini.N).

((KlANl'ti; MAimoANV SNAI'I-|:|(.)

Hiu.l 2\\ il.pth -J*. I>. \, ili; A. III.K; HnvluM ((J) !ML»-1I, r.o pun-M.
Hotiv ratlxT (>loii;{iil«', Nti'i>n;riy rompri'SHctl, tlii< hark wt-II oltt\atr<l, pro-
lilu alinoHt Htrai^ht or Hli^hti.v coiicavii I'lom t ip of Niioiit to napt', tiiutict'
iiKMlcratoly I'oiivtx ; Miioiit ratluT sliMidtu' uiul pointed, ;t in licatl, eyr
lai't^o, :ti in lioail; intorurltital aroa llattisli, witli a incilian kt>t>l, ti in lu'ad ;
piToi'liita! ratlii-r liioatl, its joant widtlid' in licail ; iiioiiMi lar;^^, niaxillaiy
it'acliin^ front of pnpii, L'A in liiad ; low i-r Jaw MlroiiM| y |iroJf(tiii>; ; nppor
Jaw with a narrow iiaiid of villifunn tictli, oiitHiilo of wliirli '\h a Nin;>]i'
HtM'it'H of cnl.'ir^t'd liMt <'oni|iarati\«>ly Hniall tt'rtli; t ni'idnati^ ranint's in
front of , jaw, li of tln'iii lar;;(tr, alioiit 2 in dianiitrr of ]>u|)ii; lo\v«-i
Jaw witli a Hin;;!^ HoriuH of ratlirr Hiiiall ttM'tli, none of thoni at all raniiir
lik(t; tonjriiu with an olilanctMtlalc patrli of ti'«;tli, tapering; ht'iiind, its
Iciijfth iintro than twict^ its widtli; vointu- with a Itroadly arrow shaped
patch id' troth, with harUward |irol(in;;ation on nirdian liM*>, its lun^th
al>out u<|nalinj; widtli of jiatch in front; pt(>r,v};oi«l ami hytdd hones
without tocth. (iill rakcis iiunii'r(iii,s, ahout U) dcvt'loptil on lowtT purl
of arch, hiHidcH I or 5 nidinu-iitary onus, tho.sci near anj;lo lar;i«st,
Ihoir h'lif^th aInioHt .} diaiindrr of i>yc. I'rcitpcrcic witli its posterior

luur^in almost vortical, nroatlly and ratln^r deeply emarf^inale, very
weakly or scarcely serrate aho\e. the anj;Ie project injf hack ward and
armed with several rather coarse teeth, the lower limh Hinooth. Scales
rather small, those lielow lateral lino somewhat lar<rur, the rows above the
lateral line rnniiin;; ohliijiiely upward and backward, those; helow in
almost si rai;;ht horizontal series; chet^ks with t! rows of .scales, I row on
iateroperele, 1 on snliopercle, and Ton o|ici'cle; temporal rc<{ion with a
hauil of small scales, heforc .intl Ixhind which is a mries of larj^er ones;
top of head, snont, and Jaws naked; liases of soft dorsal and anal s(raly.
Dorsal spines rather weak and slender, the outline of the tin rather
stronj^ly conv«>x, the fourth si»iii(< lonj^est, 2} in head; the tenth spine I in
head; margin of soft dorsal very j^ently convex, (he first and last rays
Hli;;htly shorter than rest of tin, median rays 'A\ in head; caudal not
deeply forked, the upper lohe little lonj^er than lower, its length I'i in
middle rays, which are 2i!| in head, margin of anitl little rounded, th*>
mid<Ile rays IH length of last ray, :> in head, tln^ first ray reaching almost
to tip of last ray when the tin is <leprosscd; anal spines small, the second as
longasthird and stronger, H inhead; ventrals2!, inhoad; iioctoralsscareely
reaching front of anal, 1^ in head. Color in life, deep brown, silvery

I

,

^

Jordan and Evcrmann. — lushes of North America. 1273

linlitw, cviTywIii'io Mhinlod with rnd, cs|iot'iiill,v on lunul; oy« Hcarlil; n
lai-t;o ItlttcUiHli lilotrh on H|ll«^ t'hioll.v iil)ov« liitrnil lino and IioIonv lliHt
riiVH (if Holt (lormil ; nnixllliiry yollow on «ov«rt'»l piiitM; narrow hroii/o
hlroakH following Iho rowH of hiiiIoh, tlioHo NtrnikN «liHtinct cliirlly iiliovo
tin* liitonillims ilorHiil lin palo, <Mi^«Ml with hlood-rt-d; nnidul (lfl«^p n-d;
anal, vontralH, and (toctoralH nrarlut; thi< liri^lit rolorH failo itnddiHa|>|i««ur
in MpiritH, IraviiiK tlio hack dark ^ray, thf lower jtartH Hilvory, nioro or
li'Hs lln^hed with riul, DuHcrihtMl from a Cnlian H|H>cinu>n 10 in('h*-H \i\\\^.
Wt'.Mt Indiun; a Hniall HpiM-ifM, rath«;r ooninion in tho nnirkotH of Havana,
w \w\y\ it in known as iijaiiro, in alluHion to tho lari^o oyr. It d«)UH not n'acli
ular){cNi/<t. (miihotioni, thti Kn^liHli mahogany, from tho iirown coloration.)

Memilirii'u iniihiKjnni, CrviBit \ Vai.RNi.'IENNKh, IIIhI. NhI. I>oiiii«.,ii,447, IH2H, Martinique;

(K'NTin;!!, Ciit.i.'JOO
MfMniiriiiii licarili, (.'nviKK \ Vaiknciennkh, IIIhI. Nut. I'oIhh., ii,4.*7, 1828, Martinique.
Mmniirion ujatieo, I'okv, MtnuM iiiH, n, ir)(>, 1>I. 13, Hi?. 10, 1800, Cuba.
l.uljai\u*ii)aui'o. TkICV, Kiitiiinriitl(>, 'JH, l87r>.
/,i(/jii;iiu maA('i/(*Ht, JouuA.N \ Swain, t.c„4Rl ; .kiiikan A l''KMr,iCB, J. c,46l.

Subgenus RAIZERO, Joiiliin A KoHlitr.

litis. .NKOM.KMS AKATI'S ((iiintlior).

(I'AHIIO I)K. KAI/.KKO.)

Head 3; depth .1U I). XI, 12; A. Ill, 7; scah'H 4i-Jf)-12. llody oblong-
illiptical, Miendercrand h'8H(oniproH,st«l than in othor Kprciesfd' .VroHKfH/s,
tho hack hroad and littlo dovatod; protilc a littlo dcpr«)HHu<l above tho
MiioMt, then convex above the eycH, thonco nearly atraifrht to front of
ddrsal; isnont not very loii^, It in head; month modcriitc, somewhat ob-
li(|nc, the Jaws Hiibei|nal; nnixiUary extending to beyond front of eye, itH
length -I in head. Teeth moderate; caninos of npjter Jaw not very larjje;
the enlarged teeth of lower Jaw scarcely oaninelike; teeth ou tongne in
•A Jarne patch, ileveloped in adnlt examples, but not evident in the young;
teeth on vomer in a V-shaped jtatch, without backward prolongation on tho
iiieiliai> line; palatine teeth in a broad ))atch; no teeth on pterygoidn.
Kye large, ,5 in head; interorbital area broad and convex, its width 4 in
licail; lu'uorbital moderate, its least breadth (i in head. Nostrils small,
well scsparated, oblong, tho anterior but litth' the larger. I'reoperclo
witli its posterior limb slanting downwards an<l forwards, with a mod-
erate emargination, sharply and finely serrate above, the teeth at tho
angle cour.scr and directed 8«>nu«what forwards, (iill rakers few and
rather small, aliout 7 on lower part of anterior arch, not preceded hj' rudi-
ments. Scales large, arranged very regularly in horizontal series parallel
witli the lateral line, both above and below ; cheeks with (» rows of scales;
nape with a band of about 3 series of moderate scales; soft dorsal and
jaiial well scaled; tubes of lateral line well branched. Dorsal spines mod-
leratts tint longest 2:{ in head; soft dorsal rather l(»vv and short; caudal
jrather deejjly lunate, the upper lobe 1,^, in head; aiuil low, its longest rays
|2.-i ill head; anal spines graduated, the second spine shorter and stouter
3030 3

!

7W

1

1

\

!

!

' I

■,..)■
''' ■'.■<■

1

<

1 ki

1

ii !;|/;;.i!

.1

'1

t

!

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I

1

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1

Mi

't
■jilli

1274 Dtilletin ^7, United States National Museum,

,11

tban third, about 5^ iu head; ])ectorHl long and falcate, ll, in head; tou-
trals 1§. Color, in spirits, dark brown; somewhat paler below; center of
each scale yollowish-silvery, these forming conspicuous continuous silvery
streaks along the back and bides, most distinct near the middle of the
body; fins grayish, rather pale; membrane of soft dorsal dusky; ventrals
dusky at tips; young with pale crosabands formed by enlargement of tlm
silvery spots in certain regions In life, dark grben, the dark atripes on
sides dark brown, the interspaces yellowish-white; belly coppery-red
some bluish on cheeks; pectoral maroon red ; ventrals salmon-red, the lii„
ray white; anal creamy-red; caudal dark red, blackish towards tip; «'
dusky; throat silvery. Described from a specimen from Ma/atlaii .(>
inches in length. Length 2 feet. Pacific coast of tropical America, gen-
erally common ; a handsome fish looking quite unlike the others. There
is, however, no difference of importance in the structure of the skull.
The squamatiou is very similar to that of Orthostocchus. {araius, plowed,
for its striped coloration.)

Metoprion aratut, GDntheb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 145, Pananria; Chiapas.
Lutjanui aratiit, Joiidan & Oildert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 355; Joudan & Swain,

I. c, 460; Jordan <fe Feslek, I. o., 451; Jordan, Fishes of Sinaloa, in Proc. Cal. Ac.

Sci. 1895, 457.

526. RABIRUBIA, Jordan & Fesler.

Rabirubia, Jordan &. Fesler, Ropt. T^. S. Fish Conim. 1889 (1893), 438 (in&rmu).

This genus is closely allied to Ocijurus, having, as in the latter gonuH,
the long fron to-occipital crest continued forward along the top of the head
to the nostrils. Parietal crest extending to above eye, coalescing with
i/he orbital rim. The body is rather elongate, the anal fin long and low,
and the gill rakers are few and short. One species known. {Rabirubia,
Spanish name of Oomriia chryatirus. )

164». RABIRUBIA INERHI8 (Peters).

Plead 3 in length ; depth 3i ; lateral line with 50 tubes; scales 53. D. X,
13; A. 111,11. Body slender and fusiform, not strongly compressed, the
back not elevated ; snout very pointed ; mouth unusually small, the maxil-
lary 2i in head, reaching to front of pupil; eye very large, about 4 in
head. Band of vomerine teeth slightly produced backward on the median
lino; teeth on tongue well developed ; canine teeth unusually small and
slender, 2 in upper jaw and 3 or 4 on each side of lower. Nostrils well
separated, subequal, the posterior oblong, the anterior round. Preorbital
J depth of eye; preopercle not serrate, scarcely notched behind; temporal
region with a band of large scales, on each side of which are small scales;
scales above lateral line arranged in very oblique series, which are not
parallel with the lateral line. Pectoral fins very short, reaching little past
tips of ventrals, 1| in bead; dorsal spines very slender; second anal spine ,
longer than third, very small, 7 in head; soft dorsal and anal low, 8cal,\ ;
caudal fin rather deeply forked, the middle rays not half the length of the
outer, which are 1^ in head. Color in spirits, dusky brown above, pale
below, with distinct dark stripes, those below parallel with the lateral

i'i.

'■Ii

liiillii

Jordan and Evertnann. — Fishes of North America. 1275

line, those above very oblique; these stripes extend alon;:; the edges of
tho rows of scales, the middle of each scale being whitish or silvery, its
haflc dusky, a brown blotch about base of pectoral. Mazatlan to Panama ;
riiily 2 specimens known; 1 is in the museum at Berlin from Mazatlan,
from which specimen the above description was taken; the other wns
tiiken by the Albatross at Panama. It is quite unlike any other American
Hpocies. (inermis, unarmed.)

M,'n>prxon inermit, Pbtbrs, Berliner Moiiatsber. 1869, 705, Mazatlan.

Lutjanu8 inermit, Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1883, 285 ; Jordan &. Swain, I. «., 450;

Jordan & Bollman, I'roc. IT. LS. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 ; Jordan & Feslbr, I. c, 451.
liulinibia inermit, Jordan, Fiahes Sinaloa, 457, pi. 30.

527. OCYURUS, Gill.

(RABIRUniAS.)

Ocyttnit, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 236 (ehrymrut).

This genus is allied to Neomcents, from which it differs notably in the
structure of the skull, especially in the forward extension of the fronto-
occipital crest to the ethmoidal projection; the prefrontals with posterior
iireas short and excavated above and in front. The single species shows
numerous minor peculiarities, as* the peculiar form of the body, the large,
w(>ll-forked caudal fin, the small head, as well as an increased number of
crill r.ikers, and the presence (in the adult) of pterygoid teeth. {oohVs,
swift; ovpd, tail. )

1650. OVYIIKUS (^HRTSURIIS (Bloch).
(Yellow-tail ; Kabiuubia.)

Head 3; depth 3. D. X, 13; A. Ill, 9; scales 7-65-15, 51 pores. Body
elliptical, comparatively elongate, the back little elevated, the profile
Rtraight from the tip of the snout to the uape, thence rather strongly
arched; caudal peduncle long and slender; snout pointed, of moderate
Jeiifrtli, 3 in head; eye small, 5 in head; interorbital space very convex,
with a sharp median keel, 4 in head; preorbital narrow, its least width
(iii in head. Mouth small, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; maxillary
reaching very slightly beyond front of orbit, 2^ in head; upper jaw with
a narrow band of villiform teeth, outside of which is a single series of
larger teeth, 5 or 6 of those in front being somewhat caninelike, but small;
lower jaw with a single series of moderately strong teeth, none of them
lar<ro enough to be called canines ; t(mgue with a large, oval patch of teeth,
in front of which is a smaller but similar patch ; teeth on vomer forming a
broadly arrow-shaped p.atch, with a backward prolongation on tho median
line, which is nearly twice the width of the patch; a narrow band of
pterygoid teeth behind the patch on the vomer, this not evident in young
exiimples. Gill rakers rather long and slender, the longest about i diam-
eter of eye, about 8+21, none of them rudimentiiry. Preopercle with its
posterior 1: argin almost vertical, with a slight, but distinct emargination
above the .ugle ; serrations of preopercle very feeble, the teeth at the

(I

1L'7(} Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

m

V ''y.'-\'

'\h

im

an^le scarcely luilur^red; noHtrils well sepimitcd, tlie posterior slitlike;
Hcales Hiuiill, those above lateral line arranged in very obli<iiie series, thoHc
below in rows nearly liori/ontal; cheeks with 5 or 0 rows of scales, about
two rows ou iuttTopcrcle; temporal region with 2 or 3 scries of large
scales before and behind which are many small scales; to]> of head,
Hnout, and jawH naked; bases of soft dorsal and anal scaly. Dorsal spincH
rather long and slender, the fin not deeply emarginute, fifth spine longest,
2^ in hea<l; tctith spine 3|; soft dorsal and anal similar, their margins
nearly straight, the last rays slightly shortened, median rays about 3 in
head; caudal fin long, very deeply forked, the upper lobe longest, li
times as long as middle rays, which arc 2\ in head; pectorals long and
slender, reaching vent, H in head; ventrals If in head; anal spines rather
weak, the third jt longer than second, 4 in head. Color in life olivaceous
above, rather pale, and somewhat violet tinged ; a number of large, irregu-
lar deep yellow blotches <tn sides of back; a deep yellow stripe from tip
of snout straight through eye to caudal peduncle, there broadening and
including all of tail above lateral line and behind dorsal fin ; above this u
pearly-ptirplish area ; below it a flesh-colored or rosy area or band, 2 scales
broad, then a succession of about 16 narrow streaks alternating flesh-
color and yellow, growing fainter progressively below; the yellow on
the edges of the scales, the reddish on their middles; iris liory red; lov^er
parts of head flesh color with some yellow spots ; maxillary mostly yellow ;
caudal deep yellow, its edges reddish; dorsal chiefly yellow; anal faintly
yellow ; ventrals and pectorals translucent. In spirits, all the marking's
fade, leaving the fins yellowish, the upper parts grayish, the lower rosy-
silvery. Length 2 feet. West Indies, and from southern Florida to Brazil ;
very abundant at Key West where it is known as "yellow-tail." In Cuba,
next to N. analia and N. synagrw, the commonest of the snappers. One of
the handsomest of the snappers ; here described from a Key West specimeu.
(Xpvdo?, gold; oiipd, tail.)

A cava pita mba, Marcouave, Hist. Brasil., 15.'), 1648, Brazil.

Rahiruhia, J'akka, Doscr. Dif. PiezaH, Hist. Nat., pi. 20, fig. 1, 1787, Cuba.

Sparus ehrysxinig, IJloch, Ichth., pi. 262, 1790, Brazil; after Mahcuravk.

Anthia* rabinihia, Bloch & Sciineiuek, Syst. Iclitli., 309, 1801, Cuba; after Parra.

Sjyarun semiluna, Lacki'KUE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 141, 1803, Martinique; on a copy jif a

drawing by Pli'mier.
MesoprionaurovittntWi, AoAssiz, Spix, Pise, lirasil., i)l. 66. 1829, Brazil.
Ocyurii» rijgertmoei, Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soo. 1871, 468, tig. 4, St. Kitts.
Me.ioiirion ehryturut, CuvuoR &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 459, 1828; GOnthkh.

Cat., 1, 186.
Ocytirus chryttinis, PoEV, Synopsis, 295, 1868; .Ioroan &. Swain, I.e., 461; Jordan, l.i-..

319; Jordan &. Fesleh, I.e., 452.
Oeyurua aurovittatus, Poey, Synopsis, 295, 186S.

Luljanu* chrysiinit, Vau.lant, Miss. Siti. an Mexi<xue, 133, pi. 5, 1875.
Lutjanus melanunu, Jordan >.V: Gilbert, Sj'nopsis, 548, 1883; not type.

}'■

528. RHOMBOPLITES, (Jill.
Rhomboplitet, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 237 {aurorubenn) .

This genus differs from Neotnanis chiefly in the character of the cranium.
Prefrontals with the articular facets developed from simple tubercles aud
not V-shaped, the posterior areas cribriform; basi-sphenoid not lobiger-

) ,nl3!!"

Jordan and F.vennann. — Fishes of North America. 1277

oub; pteiyigoid with a broiwl patch of teeth (in adult); liyoid Iwiies and
tongue with teeth; canines very uniall or obsolete; dorsal spines 12, the
soft rays 10 or 11; gill rakers slender and numerous.

This genus is closely allied to Neomwiiis, but the cranial peculiarities and
extension of the villiform teoth over the pterygoid and hyoid bones well
warrant generic seitaration. The form of the vomerine patch of teeth is
also somewhat peculiar. But one sjtecies is known, (fjo/itlio?, rhomb;
oTtXirtf?, armed; from the form of the vomerine patch of teeth.)

plJNTIlK.H,
llDAN. (.'■ .

kraninin.
Icles uud
llobij'er-

1U61. itilUMBOPIilTKS AVROIirBKNN (Cuvittr & ValencieuueH).

(CAOON UK I-O Al.TO.)

Head 3,', ; depth 3,',. D. XII, 11 ; A. Ill, 8; scales (7) 10-72-19, 50 pores.
Body elongate, irregularly elliptical, the back not greatly elevated, high-
est at the nape; profile regularly and strongly convex from above eye to
spinous dorsal ; snout rather short and blnnti8h,3.* in head, its upper pro-
tile straight and steep; eye very largo, 34 in htsad; interorbital space very
convex, 3^ in head; |)reorl)ital narrow, its least wi<lth 7k in head; mouth
small, oblique, the lower Jaw somewhat projecting; maxillary scaleless,
reaching fnmt of orbit, 2^ in head. Upper jaw with a broad band of villi-
form teeth, outside of which is a row of enlarged but comparatively small
tt'otb ; no canines ; lower jaw with one series somewhat stronger than outer
teeth of upper jaw; inside of these is a rather broad villiform band of
te«th in front of jaw only; tongue with a very broad irregularly ovate
patch of teeth, its wi<lth almost as great as width of tongue, 1^ in its
length ; in front of this patch is a large roundish patch of teeth ; an oblong
patch of teeth on the hyoid bone; vomer with a rhomboid (^-shaped)
patch of teeth, forming almost a right angle in front, with a broadly
wedge-shaped backward prolongation on the median line, its length about
twice its width; palatine band of teeth very wide; pterygoids with a
large patch of teeth, these teeth undeveloped and covered by skin in young
examples. Gill rakers numerous, the longest about + diameter of eye,
about G-l-21. Preopercle with posterior margin almost str-ight and
verti(Ml, slightly emarginate, weakly serrate above, the teeth coarser at
the angle and <m lower border. Posterior nostril larger, nearly round.
Scales very small, the rows above the lateral line running upward an«l
hackwanl, the rows belo\\ rather wavy, almost horizontal ; temporal region
covered with small partially embedded scales, in 4 or 5 rows; cheeks with
7 rows of H'ales; 4 rows on interopercle, 3 rows on subopercle, and 7 on
opercle ; sm it, preorbital and jaws naked ; top of head scaly to near mid-
dle of eye ; S" ft dorsal and anal with but few scales at base. Dorsal spines
long and sleii er, the fourth spine longest, 2^ in head, the length of the
^<piues thence gradually decreasing to twelfth spine, which is 3^ in head;
margin ofsoft dorsal truncate, itsraysofsubequaHength, 4in head, last ray
slightly sliorter ; caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe longer than lower,
its length 1 J times middle rays, which are 2 in head ; upper lobe of caudal
scarcely shorter than head; anal similar to soft dorsal, its rays 3 in head ;
second anal spine shorter than third, 4 in head; ventrals li in head; pec-
torals somewhat falcate, reaching opposite vent, 1^ iu head. Color in life,

• r-.tr

ir i ' , ;■

Mr;
. hi

1278 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

verniiliou; paler below; faint brown lines rnunin^ oblique!}' forward and
downward from dorsal along the rows of scales; Hides with narrow sinuous
streaks of golden yellow, some of them longitudinal, others oblique; dor-
sal rosy, its margin chiefly orange; anal pule ut base, rosy at extremity;
pectoralH yellowish, ventrals rosy, eaiulal vermilion; iris vermilion-red;
inside of mouth duHky. The bright colors grow faint or disappear in
spirits. Length about a foot; hero described from a specimen from
Havana. West Indies, north to Charleston, south to Kio Janeiro; not
uncommon in deep waters us far north as Charleston and Pennacola.
Specimens from the coast of Carolina are somewhat deeper than those from
Cuba, and with the yellow streaks more pronounced, becoming dark brown
in spirits. One of the.se, in the U. S. National Museum, has 13 dorsal
spines. It is not, however, otherwise essentially different, (aureus,
golden; rubens, reddish.)

Centroprittia auron^ens, Cuvier Sc Yalencibnnbh, Ilist. Nat. Poiss., in, 45, 1829, Brazil,

Martinique, San Domingo.
Metoprion eUgam, Poky, Memorias, ii, 153, 1860, Cuba.
Aprion ariommus, JoRDkU &. Gilbbrt, Proc. U. S. Nat, Mua. 1883, 142, Pensacola; young

with pterygoid teeth undeveloped.
Metoprion aurorubens, GOnther, Cat., i, 207.
RhombopliUt aurorubens, Gill, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 236; Jordan &. Feblbb,

i.e., 454.
Rhomboplitea elegant, Poey, Kepertorio, n, 158, 1868.
Lutjanus aurorubent, Vaillant & Bocourt, Mius. Sci. an Mexique, 117, 1877; Jordan &

OiLUBRT, Syuopsia, 549.

J^'^-i

i:<\:

:;;":;

iSvj''

mi

529. APSILUS, Cuvier &. Valenciennes.
(Arnillos.)

Apnlut, CcviEK & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., vi, 548, 1830 (futcu», oii East Indiaii

apeuies) .
2'ropidmius (Gill, MS.) Poey, Synopsis, 296, 1868 (aniillo = dentatus).

This very distinct genus has essentially the cranial structure of Ithom-
boplites, with the scaleless fins, peculiar squamation, and dentiticm of
Aprion. The prefrontals have the posterior areas solid and somewhat
tumid ; there are no teeth on the pterygoids, tongue, or hyoid bones. The
dorsal fin is short and scaleless. (a, privative; ^/AoS, bare or bald; the
meaning not evident. Our species representing the subgenus Tropidiniii>i,
dillcrs from Jpailua fuscus chiefly in the deeper body and larger head.)

Subgenus TROPIDINIUS, Gill.*

1652. APSILUS DKNTATUS, Guichenot.

(Arnillo.)

Head 3; depth 25. U. X, 10; A. Ill, 8, Scales 7-60-16, 60 pores. Body
rather deep, oblong, elliptical, compressed, the back Homewhat elevated ;
profile from snout to nape little convex, the nape strongly keeled and
considerably convex ; snout rather short and blunt, 3^ in head ; eye large,

' rpdirit keel; Ivi.ov, nape.

:t 5^

'■■•:;■ I

Jordan and F.vermann. — Fishes of North America. 1270

3^: in head* interorbital space convex, 31^ in head, its median lino boconi-
iiiu on tiio occiimt a Hharp k«el ; proorbitul very narrow, 7J in bead ; month
small ; maxillary broad, almost loachinj? pupil, '1\ in h«>ad ; upper Jaw with
a narrow band of villitbrm teeth, ontside of which is a series of larger,
which arc scarcely largo enough to be called cauinoH; lower jaw with a
HJnglc scries of small teeth, about (J (»f those in front larger, scarcely
caninelike, similar to the larger teeth of upper Jaw; inside of this series
is a comparatively wide band of villiform teeth in front of Jaw only;
tongue witliout teeth ; vomer with a A-shap^d patch of teeth, without back-
ward prolongation on nu'dian line. Gill rakers inimerous, the longest
; diameter of eye, about 17 on lower half of arch. Preopercle with its
posterior margin nearly vertical, very slightly emarginate, scarcely ser-
iate (sxccpt at angle, where the teeth are quite small. Scales rather small,
virv regularly arranged, the rows running parallel with the lateral lino both
above and l)elow ; 7 rows on check, the scales of upper row little enlarged ;
2 I'ows on interoperele, \{ on subopercle, 6 on opercle; temporal region
with four rows of moderate scales; top of head, snout, and Jaws naked;
bases of soft dorsal and anal scaleless. 1 )orsal (in not strongly emarginate,
the spines rather slender, the outline of the fin rather strongly convex,
i'ourth spine longest, 2! in head, tenth spine 3i in head ; margin of soft
dorsal gently rounded, the middle rays little longer than lirst rays, 2f in
lieiid; last ray not shorter than middle rays; caudal deeply forked, the
upper lobe slightly longer than lower, 2^ length of middle rays,, which
are 2^^ in head; upper lebe about as long as head; margin of anal nearly
straight, the rays about of equal length, except the last, which is some-
what produced, 2^ in head; lirst ray reaching about to base of last ray,
when the fin is depressed ; anal spines rather weak, the third rather longest,
H in head; ventrals IJl in head; pectorals somewhat falcate, reaching lirst
soft ray of anal, about as long as head. Color in life, dusky violet, pal*' •
below ; mouth within and tins all similar in hue, the anal and ventrals with
lilackish tips; soft dorsai with some olive shades, the edge grayish. In
Hitirits, nearly uniform duaky gray, ])aler below. Length 1 foot. West
Indies. This beautiful little fish is rather common in the markets of
Havana, from which locality came the specimen here described, {dentatiis,
toothed, the name not characteristic.)

Apsilii.i dentatti»,GviCHENOT, iu lininoii de la Sagra, Hiat. Cuba, Poiss., 29, pi. 1, fig. 2,

1845, Havana ; Joruan &. Feslek, I. c, 455.
Mesoprion arnillo,FoEY, Mnnioria-<, ii, 154, 1860, Cuba.
Mcsiiprion dmtaUig, GOntiiek, Cat., i, 188, 1859.
Triipidinius amillo, I'OEY, Synopsis, 296, 1868.
LiiljunugarnUlnt, Coi'E, Trans. Aiu, I'hilos. Soc. 1869, 470.
Titipiilitdu* dentatuti,JoiWAN & Swain, I. c, 406.

530. APRION, Cuvier & Valenciennes.

.{prion, CuviER & VALKNriENNKS, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi, 54;t, 1830 {vircicens).
.' ClKvtopterus, Temminck &. Schleokl, Fauna Japonica, I'oiss., 78, 1850 {dubius).
I'riiHpomoidea, Bi.EEKEU, Natuurk. Tijdachr. Nedcrl. Ind., in, 1852, 674 (typtts).
I'latiiinittt, (iii.i., Proc. ,\c. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1863, 237 (vorax — viacrophthalmus).
I SparoptU, Knru, Fiaube Mus. Godeflroy, 303, 1868 (elongatus).

1280 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Hody obloii)^ or rather elongate, coniprosHod ; nnileH largo; month rather
small, the caiiiiitts inconHpinioiis; no te«;th on tongue; dorsal tin rather
Hhort, the soft ])art not Hcaly, i\\v iln not notched; skull eHseiitially as in
J'Jielis, the intororl)ital area flat, 8Mi)arated by a tranverst^ line of demarca-
tion from the occipital, liy which the median as well as the lateral croHts
arc limited; frontalH wide in front, and not cavernouH; supraorbital mar-
gin cronato; periotic region much swollen outward and with the hones
tliiu and ptdished; proorbital moderate; frontals behind with t'uuncl-
shaped foramina. Aprion has csHentially the form of Xeomwniti, with the
skull of Ktelia. Tlie American species is the type of the sul>genus
I'latifinin8, which agrees with Aprion vireaeena in th«t form of the skull,
ditl'cring chiefly in the specific characters of deeper body, weaker teeth,
au«l narrower preorbital. (a, without; npiooi', saw.)

rath

U ill

1 ,'„ i

fiiiiit

strip

riioiit

lariy

olive,

Mcaih

hi'igli

groii

from

(XpOtt/

!t!:«;l:J

Subgenus PLATYINIUS,* Gill.
10r>:i. APItlUN MACltOI'llTIIALIIirS (Miilli^r &Tioachel).

(VOHAZ.)

Head 3; depth 3. D. X, 11; A. Ill, 8, scales 7-60-15, 52 pores. Body
ohlong-elliptical, moderately compressed ; the back not greatly elevated ;
profile convex anteriorly, almost straight above eye; the nape again con-
vex, its keel low and placed well back; snout rather blunt, 3| in head;
eye large, 3S^ in head; interorbital space broad and flat, 4 in head; pre-
orbital narrow, 7^ in head; month small, oblique; lower jaw slightly
projecting; maxillary about reaching middle of eye, 2^ in head. Upper
jaw with a narrow band of villiform teeth, outside of which is a row of
larger teeth, the canines in front little diflerentiated; lower jaw with a
single series of rather large teeth, scarcely large enough to be called
canines; inside of this series is a comparatively wide band of villiform
teeth in front of jaw only; a few larger teeth among the villiform teeth;
tongue without teeth; vomer with a rather narrow A-shaped patch of
teeth, without backward prolongation on median line. Gill rakers
numerous, the longest about * diameter of eye, about 5 + 15. I'reopercle
with posterior margin almost straight and A'crtical, without emai'gination,
very finelj"^ serrate above, the teeth coarser on angle and lower limb.
Scales rather small, regularly arranged, the rows running parallel with
the lateral line both above and below it; 7 rows of scales on the cheek,
the scales of upper row not greatly enlarged, two rows on interopercle
and 8 on opercle; temporal region with about 4 rows of large scales; top
of head, snout, and jaws naked; base of soft dorsal and anal scaleless.
Dorsal little emarginate, the spines rather slender, the outline of the fin
moderately convex, third spine longest, 2j| in head, tenth spine 3 in head;
margin of soft dorsal nearly straight, the first soft ray 3 in head, last ray
exserted, 2 in head; caudal well forked, the upper lobe slightly longer
than lower, 2f length of middle rays, which are 3 in head ; margin of anal
similar to spinous dorsal, the last ray filamentous, 2^ in head ; anal spines

i

* ■nXatvi:, Hat; 'iviov, iiiipe.

L,|.,lil:i^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1281

riitluT Blonder, the thinl sliyhtly lonjjer tliiiii seooiul, 3| in head; ventrals
U in head; pectorals long and pointed, reuchinjj to first Hoft ray of anal,
1 ,'„ in head. Color in life, rosy red with silvery luster, (|uito silvery below ;
fiiiiit pearly markings on sciiles of upper parts, these forming a decided
Htripe along hasc of dorsal; head all rosy, darker above; iris silvery;
month white within; sides with pearly spots, faint and dil!"uHo, irregu-
larly scatteretl, each about as large as a scale; base of dorsal yellowish-
olive, its edge scarlet, the fin otherwise rosy; caudal rosy, becoming
st-ai'let behind ; pectorals, ventrals, and aiuil slightly rosy. In siiirits the
iiright «ol(trB all fade, leaving irregular pearly markings on a silvery
irround. West Indies, generally common; the s]»ecimeus here described
from Havana, where it is rather common in the markets. (/mxH/jd?, large;
t'up'jirXfio^, eye.)

■ CentroprinH* maeroi>hthalmus, MI'Li.En & Tuoschkl iu Scuombukiik, Uiitt. Barbadus,

COG, 1848, Barbados ; young.
Mvtoiirian vorax, PoEV, Memoriae, ii, 151, 1800, Cuba.
ridti/iniui vorax, CJill, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sci. Pliilii. 18fi:i, 237.
lUasliima macroplithalmun, (''-!'k, Trans. Am. PliiloH. Soc. 1800,468.
Aj'rivH macrophthalmug, okda.v \ Swain, I. c, 407; Jordan & Fehlkk, I. c, 458.

531. ETELIS, Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Kielia, CuviBR & Valenciennes, Hist. Kat. PoIhs., ii. 127, 1828 (carhunctilut, a Japanese

Hi)Kcics).
I'Aaitoma, Swainson. Nut. llist. Fiahoa, 11, 168, 202, 1839 (ocnlatxit).
Itifiii'ranthinn, Lowe, Fislies ol' Madeira, 14, 1843 (oeitlatus).
Mitcrops, DiMtRiL, IchtU. Analytiqiio, 279, 1850 {ociilaUu).

l')ody elongate, covered with large scales; eye very large; preorbital
vt^ry narrow; mouth moderate, the lower jaw projecting; canines iu upper
jiiw only ; no teeth on tongue or pterygoids; gill rakers long and slender.
Dorsal tin deeply notched, rather short, its spines 10 in number, its soft
rii,\H not scaly; caudal very deeply forked; head naked above, skull with
the interorbital area flat, separated from the occipital area by a transverse
lino, limiting the median and lateral crests, also; frontals wide in front,
not liivernous, Riinply normally perforate; supraorbital margins crenate ;
jitriotic region little convex and with the bones thick, nnpolished; pre-
frontals behind, with funnel-shaped foramina. The relationships of this
ficiius have been repeatedly misunderstood, but, as Gill has shown, it
lii'longs in the Lutianidw and has no special aliinity with Jnthias, J'erca,
or Serrantia t The synonymy and relations of this interesting genus have
been well discussed by Dr. Gill in the paper above cited. In spite of
the (liUereuce iu the form of its dorsal, the relations of Etelia with Aprion

* According to Poey the CentroprifHs maerophthalmus of Miiller & Troschel was baaed
on the young of tliis species; if ho, the latter ntinie lias the rigi.t of priority. This species
ii;;iccs ch)Hely with the descriptions oi Aprion filamento»v.» (Cuvier &. Valenciennes) from
the islands east of Africa, but it would be premature to unite 2 species from such
widely separated localities without an actual comparison of specimens. Dr. Klunzinger
rcu'iinls the 2 species as identical. According to his account, however, A. filamentoivs
is a slenderer fish, the depth 4^ in the total length (3J iu A. macrophthalmut) , and the scales
arc 7 55-14, the caudal more deeply forked, (he lobes 3 times the middle rays (2J times in
ours).

t Scu Gill, Proc. Ac. Kat. Sci. Phila. 1802, 447, for a discussion of the affinities ot Eteli*.

'I

m

I

1282 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

are very clone. The Hkiilla in the two iiro ulnioHt identical, us has already
hoeii noticed by Toey and Oill. (/' reA<$, etelh, a name uaed hy Arintotlo
fur Hoiue Anh not now recognized.)

a. M0-cillary euiily ; ilttpth 3| in Iiiiij[tli.
aa. Maxilliiry itaWttd; (l<t)ith 2^ in lonf;tli.

OCUI.ATI rt, Wti.

Atjuii.ioi.AiuH, lenri.

•r:

i'l:V|i'l

II

Hii

10&4. KTKIilN OCUIiATIIH (Ciiviu- \ ViilitiiiieiiiiUH).

(Caciucho.)

Head 3^t; depth 3^. D. X, 11 ; A. II!, 8 ; scales 5-53-12, 50 pores. Body
elongate, scmewhatfusiibrni, niodt^ratelyconipresHod; the back moderately
elevated; caudal peduncle long and v«>ry sleudt^r; profilt- convex on snout,
then<-e straightinh to occiput; the nape low, not keel«>d; snout short,
rather poiiite<l, 3^ in head; eye very large, 3 in head; preorhitul very
narrow, its h^ast width 14 in h*>ad. Mouth moderate, oblique, the lower
Jaw projecting; maxillary reaching middle of eye, 2v^„ in head, its surface
scaly; iuterorbital space slightly concave, 4 in head, the supraorbital
ridges prominent. Upper jaw with a narrow band of villiform teeth.
«>utside of which is a row of moderate teeth, the two canines (sometimes
duplicated) in front very sharp and projecting forward and downward,
their length about 3 in diameter of pupil; Iowim' jaw with villiform tooth
in front of jaw only, the larger teeth of the outer row Hmaller and more
numerous than in the upper jaw; canines of lower jaw not diU'ereutinted ;
tongue without te«'th; vomer with a narrow A-shaped patch of teeth,
bluntish in front and without backward prolongation on median line; no
teeth on hyoid or pterygoid bones. Gill rakers long and slender, thi^ir
length about t diamt^ter of eye, about 12 + 15. Posterior margin of pre-
opercle almost straight and vertical, scarcely emarginate, very iinely ser-
iate; the teeth a little coarser at the angle. Scales rather large, the rows
all running parallel with the lat<>ral line; maxillary with about 12 scales;
region behind eye well scaled ; 7 rows of scales on cheek ; 4 rows on inter-
opercle, 2 on suboperde, and 8 on opercle; temporal region with about 4
rows of large scales ; top of head and snout naked ; lower jaw with a few
embedd(!d scales ; bases of soft dorsal and anal scaleless. Spinous and soft
dorsals connected; dorsal spines rather high and strong, the tirst bpiue
short, f length of second or longest spine, which is 2 in head, the spines
thence becoming almost regularly and gradually shorter to last spine,
which ia little longer than first spine; margin of soft dorsal straight, the
rays 3 in head, the last ray slightly ehmgate, its length 2\ in head; aniil
similar to soft dorsal, its last ray considerably produced, its first soft rays
when depressed reaching little beyond base of last ray ; anal spines
slender and regularly graduated, the third 3 J in head ; caudal very deeply
forked, the upper lobe the longer, its length 4 times length of niiddh^
rays, which are 3^ in head ; upper lobe almost filamentous, longer than
head; ventrals If in head; ])ectoraIs falciform, reaching almost to anal,
U in head. Color in life, brilliant rose-red ; baaes of the scales deeper ;
sides and belly abruptly paler, rosy; mouth reddish within; lining of
gill cavity reddish; fins all rosy; spinous dorsal and caudal bright red.

'MM

Jordan and fivermann. — Fishes of North America. 1283

the oth«r (inn jtaler. In spiritn thcHO coIofh fade, tlic AhIi liecomliin rosy
white LeiiKth -' to 3 fett. \V«mt IikUoh to Mudoira, not yot known from
Florida ;' in ratlier deep .vater ; generally conimou ou rocky Itottonis. The
Hpociin«)n» bore described from Havana. Ouo of the moat bcantifiil of
lislies. A very Hiniilar spccieH, K. earhitnoHhiH Cuvier & Valenciennes,
,Hcnl8 in the East Indies and north to Japan. As noticed by I'eniuiinck
A Scblc{j:el and by Steindachner, tho pnbiiHhi'tl descriptions sh«»w no
cliiirac^tcristie by which A'. ooulatHs can be separated fioni E. mrhun-
culuM. It is, however, not sa.'e to nnite the two nntil actual comparison
of examples can be made. (o«m/oM««, "eyed," referring to the large eye.)

f Kteli* caibuneulw, Cuvikb *, Vai.knciennks, Hlpt. Nat. PuiHS., u. 127, 1828, Seychelles

Archipelago.
Serranui. oculatUK, Ci'ViKK &. Vai.KN(;iennk8, UiKt.Nat. Poibh.. U, 2(16, 1828, Martinique.
Ueiperanthias oculatim, l.oWK. B'iHhos MiKloira, l4, 1843.

CfiUroptUtu oeulatuM, MUli.kr &■ Tuohciiei. in S<:no.Miirn(iK, Hist, liiirliadon, 66(1, 1H48.
Maerops oculatun, l>rMi;nn„ Iclitli. Analytiqiir, 270, 185(1.
Anthias oculattis, OC.ntiikh, Cii«., 1,02,18.50.
Ktdiii ceulatHS, (llLl., Troc. Ac Nat. 8<'i. Thila. 1862, 447; .Imudan & SWAiN, I. e.. 469;

.loBD.i.N & Feslbk, I. e., 457.

1(156. KTKIilN AQIIILONARiS (Gooa« iV IW.iii).

A second American species of this genus has been indicated in the fol-
lowing words:

A 8p«Hanien (Cat. No. 37346, U. S. N. M.) obtained by the Fhh Hatvk has
been misplaced and can not now be fully described.

A note indicates that the length of its head was eciual to the height of
its body, which is contained 2,<^ times in the total length (without caudal),
'file diameter of the orbit is contained 3,\ times in the head. The maxil-
lary bone was naked, rather than scaled as in EteUs oculatus; and the
scales numbered 53 in the lateral line, 7 above and 14 below. The radial
formula was I). X, 11; A. Ill, 8. A small specimen, po.ssibly of the same
species, was obtained by the Hlake, off Dominica, at Station CVI, in 524
fathoms; but since this is less than 2 inches long, and the subject of the
above note was 9, it is impossible to confirm the identification in the
absence of the larger specimen. (Goode & liean.) The larger number of
scales above the lateral line would indicate that this species is allied to
Eleli8 rather than to Jnthias, with which it has not much in common.
{iKluilonariH, of the north wind; northern.)

Anthias a'^uilonaris, (looDE & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 2-18, 1896, Gulf of Mexico, Lat.
28° 36' N., Long. 85° 33' 30" W.

53a. VERILUS, Poey.

Verilus, PoEY, Meniorian, 11, 125, 1860 {sordidun).

Hody oblong, compressed, the caudal peduncle short and thick : head
large, the skull largely cavernous and spongy in substance; eye very
large; preorbital very narrow; mouth large, the chin projecting; cauines
moderate; tongue and pterygoids toothless; preopercle with a nearly
entire membranous edge. Scales large. Dorsal deeply divided; the spines

'I"—

1

1
i

1284 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

9, the soft rayH Hcaly at bano; oaiidul Hliort, forknd. ('olor (limky pnr-
pliHh without, iiiflinliraiinH Wlark within. Intoiorliital Hpaoe Hat, f(iriiifl«l
as in KiiiiH. l-'rontaln ravernitiiH, witli longitudinal nsHttiiH hiirH, loavin^
interHpat^oH in front of trunHverso ridgo and on eacli Nido mnir thn front;
upruorhital mar^inHaniootli ; iirofrontaJH litihiiul with HiinplD foramina for
(dfactory uorvrs. Th» genuH io tochnic-ally cIoho to Ettilin, althou|(h thn
(tinj^lo known HpnoioH in vury ditl'erent from KlvHi* ornlatuit. Thecavi^rnouH
character of the skull \h the most Htrikin^ feature of the gsnuH f'erilu$.
One Hpecies, in very deep water. (" Veril, a SpaniHh word, meaning ' haut
de fond conptS a pic,' apparently an alliiHiou t(» tlio form of the teeth.
'Ne vouH mette/ pau en ])eine sur I'origine dn nom, lea meilleufH, ne Hont
pan lespluH etymolo^iiiuuH, par cela mOmequ'ils ont nuu siguiticution rare-
nient exclusive. '" — I'oey.)

ill:

>t i

■I \r

hi ''I''

10641. VKRIM'N NOBIMUrN, Poey.

(Khcolar CUINO.)

Head 2;?; depth 3. D. IX, 10; A. Ill, 7; scales 4-43-9, 41 pores. Hody
oblong, compressed, rather robust; caudal peduncle short and thick; head
large; profile almost straight from snout to origin of spinous dorsal, and
not at all steep; snout very short and blunt, 4 in head; eye very largo, 2^
in head; interorbital space flat, its width 4';^ in head; occipital ^^eel very
low ; preorhitul very narrow, 7 in eye, nearly 20 in h(;ad; uiaxilltTy reach-
ing middle of eye, 2 in hem' mouth large, oblique, the lowrr Jaw pro-
jecting; upper jaw with a nu.iur broad Itand of villiform teeth, the ontor
row scarcely enlarged; 2 moderate canines in front of jaw, curved
inward; lower jaw with a single series of teeth on sides, this series
giving place to a very narrow villiform band in front, with 2 (some-
times du|)licated) small canines directed nearly horii^ontally backward;
vomer witli a narrowly V-shaped jtatch of teeth, without backward pro-
longation (m median line; tongue and pterygoids without teeth. Gill
rakers numerous, their length almost half diameter of eye, 17 on the
lower part of the arch, all developed. Preopercle with posterior margin
weak and flexible, almost entire, becoming somewhat serrate at the angle
and on lower limb; no distinct enuirgiuation, but the angle salient, mem-
branaceous. Scales large, the rows horizontal below the lateral lino;
those above rather irregular, the series running upward an<l backwiird ;
head scaly everywhere, the scales generally smaller than on bo<ly ; operclc
with 3 rows of scales, very large, 1 row on subopercle; cheeks with many
rows of scales, those in the middle very small; 1 or 2 rows on inter-
opercle; bases of soft dorsal and anal somewhat scaly. Pseudobranchiir
large. Hranchiostegals 7. Spinous and soft dorsals entirely separate;
first spine 41 in second, which is 2^ in head, the spines thence becoming
gradually shorter to ninth spine, which about e(|uals length of first spine;
last rays of dorsal and anal not ]>roduced ; margin of soft dorsal slightly
concave, the anterior rays longest, 2^ in head ; anal similar to soft dorsal,
its margin rather more concave, first soft rays extending beyond tips of
last rays, when the fln is depressed; anal spines moderate, the third
alightly longer than second, 2| in head; caudal flu short, hroad, modei-

fordan and F.vcnnanu. — Fishes of North America. 1285

iitoly f(»rk«Ml, tlio upper 1o)m< lonff«r, Itn Imntli Mciin'oly twice that of
iiiitltllu riiyH, whittli ur*> 2i in head; pot-toriilH lon^, loiM-hiii^ tu origin nf
iiiial, \\ inbtuul; vontrals IK in hoiul. (;«»Ior duHky jtray, nliKlitly piilor
nulow; tlpH of HpinouH dorsal and viMitralH ,jot lilack, tlio tinn «>tli«T\viH()
('i>loru«l aH tilt) body ; poHt«>rior od^o of candul diiHky ; lining of gill cavity,
|ii>ritoiHMini, an<l poHterior part of nioiitli Jet iduok. West IndiuH, very
rarciv taken in deep water otV tli*> coaHt of (^iba. It ban never been Heen
olsewlitTe. Tlio Hpcoinien altove di'H<-ril)ed waHolttuined iu Havana, {mr-
ilidiiH, Hordid, from the dull rolor, in contrast with the lirif{htneHH of A'/ft/is
orulatiiH.)

Vfiiliii nordiduii, T'OBV, Moinorian, n, 125, pi. 12, (Ig. (1, IHAU, Cuba, PoRY, Kopcrtoi io, n,
157, IK(l7i Poky, iSynopsIs, 201, 1808; I'oKV, Kniiinunitio, ;i2, 187.'i; JoiiiiA.N & Kehi.bk,
I. «., 458.

533. XENOCYS, Jordan & hoilnmn.

Xenoeyn, Jordan & Hollman, Vrw. V. 8. Nat. Mus. 1880, IflO {jemiiiv).

TliiH geiiuH is closely related to XenhiiuH, from which it diff(>r8 chiefly In
liavin^ the dorsal Huh entirely Heparatod, the apinouH part of \) s|)ine8,
itH haN)> contaiiiinK that of Hoft dorsal \\ times; nostrils smaller and (doser
fi»f;othcr tlian in XeniHtiua ; teeth Huiuller; the fins more densely scaled
and the occipital crest lower, The single species inhabits rocky shores in
rhe tiistern Pacific and is a fish of remarkably graceful form. (?fVo?,
strange; loxv'i, swift.)

1««7. XKNOCYS JKSSI.K, Jordan & llollman.

Head3J; depth 3)}. I). X-I, 13 or 14; A. Ill, 10 or 11; scales 8-51-15.
Mody narrowly but rejjularly elli|>tical, compressed; back little elevated;
iiiDiith rather large, somewhat oblique; lower jaw somewhat projecting;
inaxilliiry rather broad, reaching nearly to middle of puj)!!, 2^ in head;
eye large, its diameter greatest obliquely downworfl and backward, equal
lo snout, 3^ in head ; longitudinal diameter shorter than snout, 3> in head ;
j)reorbital rather narrow, its narrowest place 2J iu eye, its edge entire,
slicathing the edge of the maxillary for its whole length. Teeth very
small, bands wider than in Xenxstliis caliJ'uniicnHiB, those on vomer in a
A-sbaped patch, but very small. Nostrils minute, close together, the
.'interior round, the posterior oblong. Serra^ of preojiercle at angle blunt,
rather flat, none below, tliose on ascending limb smaller and sharper,
(iill rakers long and slender, about 23 below angle. Opercle without
s|)iiies. Cheeks and top of head with small scales; lower Jaw and snout
witli rudimentary scales; maxillary naked; scales small, firm, ctenoid.
horsal fins entirely separate, the interval between them about ^ diameter
(if e)-e; dorsal spines rather high, slender, and pungent; thi^ first short,
tlio tliird and fourth of equal length, 2 in head, reaching when depressed
t(i the tip of eighth; the second t in third; soft dorsal longer than anal,
its liase about f, of an eye's diameter shorter than that of spinous dorsal;
HiM'ond anal spine noticeably shorter than third, which is almost 4 iu head;

I I

.il.

1280 Dulletin /7, United States National Museum,

IttiiKANt Hol't my I'V in linnil ; not't dorMiil, iiiiitl nixl Imiha of vAiitraU oloHrly
covonul with Hinikll mcuIoh; niiMlitl <l«««|>ly I'orktMl, Um pi«iliiiicl« Hlnmhtr, itN
iiplH^r lolio 1 1 inlirutl; pixtorulH loii^;, itointotl, \\ in liimtl; vontriilHroarh
int{ Nli^litly nioro tlian i| diHtanre to vent, Vi in Imnil ; axillury xniln ol
vtuitrnlH woll dovulopuil. (!olor ^ruyiHh-ltlnnli aIkiva, Hilvory ImWow, witli
altunt 7 ilistinrt l»la<!l<, (ttrai^lit, parnllul HtripMH on l»acl< ami nttlus, whicli
oxtenil airoHH opuri'l««ii aiul «-hnol<H, MioHe al>ov«) lat«M'iil lin«) in<liHtin<'t in
o|<l Npfcinienn; tlio nppor ntripoH abont aH wiilu ah tim int«rHpactm, tin
lo\v««r narrownr; lop of In-ail with iliHtinrt Htript^H; llnH duHky, except tint
vttntralH. hon^th about a loot. (ialapaj^oH iHlaiKU; locally common;
a rtMiuirkaltly Ki'ucol'iil ami ut-tive llHh. (Named i'ur Mm. .letwio Knight
.lordttn.)

Xfnocyn jfKiiw, Jorpan Si Doi.i.man, I'ror, U. H. Nnt. Miih. HHO, ISO, Charlei Island,
OalapaKoa Archipelago (Typx, No. 41I(U), U.S. N. M. Cull. \lhatro»i)\ .loHDAN, rroc.
Cal. Ac. Scl. 1806, 220, pi. 24.

534. XENISTIUS, .Ionian & Ollbort.

Xenittiut, .Ioroan U (Iiuiert, HynopitiH, 020, 18H:i {eaU/nrninmii).

ThiH gonuH in closely related to XenichthifH, but it is remarkably din
tin^ninhed by the relative dt^velopment of the vertical tinN, the Hot't dorniil
and anal i)eing aimilar to each «>thcr and Hhorter than the apinonH dorsal.
One HpecieH known. ($cVoS, ntrange; idriov, Hail, doraal tin.)

1668. XEIVINTHIN CALIFORNIKNNI§ (8t<>inilnchner).

Head 3 to .Sj^; depth S to 3*. 1). XI-l, 12; A. Ill, 10; Hcales, 7-.''.2-13.
Body oblong-elliptical, the back a little elevated; head comprenHed;
mouth moderate, terminal, very obli<|u«>, the lower Jaw Htnmgly protrud-
ing; maxillary narrow, reaching front of pupil, 2^ in head; eye large, 3|
to 3^ in head, the eye nmaller and the boncH of tht* head tinner than in
XenichthifH lanti; t<'eth Hmall, sharp, in vory narrow baiKls, thoHc on vonur
iu a A-sbaped patch, but ho small aH to be scarcely appreciable; pr«-opoi-
cle with flnc sharp 8erra>; nostrilH small, rtuind. Gill rakers long ami
slender, 11 + 15 to 20; scales small, tirm; dorsal tins almost separate; spines
Hlender but pungent; third and fourth dorsal spines longest, 1} in head,
the others gradually shortened ; soft tlorHal and anal similar to each other,
short, shorter than spinous dorsal, the anterior rays much higher than in
the species of Xe.niohthys; first soft ray of anal 3 in head; Hoft dorsal and
anal scaly; pectoral tins rather long, l^ iu head, not reaching vent; color
bluish above, silvery below; continuous dark orange brown stripes on
upper part of body, 3 above lateral line, 3 or 4 below; upper fins dusky,
lower mostly pale. Length abont a foot, Pacitic coast of America from
San Diego B«>uth ward to La Paz and Guaymus ; rather common southward ;
a pretty and interesting tlsh.

Xeniehthys eali/omientis, Steinuaciinkh, Ichtli. Hcitrilge, in, 3, 1875, San Diego; Jim-

UAN &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 547.
Xenittiui califomienn», Jouuan &- Fbslbu, Review Sparoid Fishes, 460, 1893,

Jordan and livcrmann, — Inshis of North America. 1287

- *• ■ - ■ -

535. XKNICHTHYS, dill.

\fnieMh\it, <>ll,r„ Profl. An. Niit. S«l. IMillu. IHrt.!, Hi! {mnti).

Holly <-l<>ii^iito, Hit liriiHirorni, roiiiprHMNtMi : lioiitl (mmiIc, littlo rdiiiprrHHiMl ;
nvoH liirx«'. iiiitnrior; pn'i»rltital iiiirrow, «)Mli|ii<s pi'tMiprrclM Horrtite;
iiioiitli Htiiiill, vi'i-y ohlli|ii««; ohiii iiiiirli proJiMtiiiK. a |ic>i-o mi t-iirh nitlo of
ihi! HViiipliyHiH; t«»tli v«try Hriiall, riHsiirv«^<l, in narrow IiuiiiIh in earlijiiw;
vonior with \\ rhonilittitl patfli of v<>i-.v ininntc t.«M^tli; piilatim-H and ton>;no
nt'iirly or ipiito tootliloHs; Inani'liioMto^alH 7. >Scal«>N Hnntll, Hrni, rtunoid.
jiorHiii linM nearly Huparat«s tlio Hpiiirn, 10 in niinilttM-, Hhtntlt-r hnt rigiti,
i-«tuoiv«Ml in n gronv«<; una! with ii ^radiiatod Hitintm; HoCt ilorNal and anal
loh^;, low, oa<-h with altont IH Hoft rayn, Iomki'T than tho N|iinonH dorHal;
caudal ttniarKinato; axillary Hcalu pruHunt. Two HpoclcH. lOantorn I'aoiUc,
(««>«;, Htran^o; *^^i'?, fish.)

a. IVctoritl fin faloato, nhout a« Ioiik im lionil ami ronc.liiiiK to front ol' nnnl fln; color

iinirlv pliiiii Htlvcry. A(iasni/,ii, 16r>0.

iia. I'ucioral lliiNliori, liin li«a<l, uud not rua«^hinK nearly tuyout; color nilviTy with

fiiint lonKitiidinnl MtmnkN. .XANTI, 1600.

IttoO. XKMCHTIIVM A<aSSIZII, .StoinilanlinKr.

Hoad :i; depth W. I). XI-I, 17 or IH; A. Ill, 17; Hcalos r.«5. Poctoral fin
falcate, ahoiit an long as tho huad, and roarliiiif; to front of anal lin;oy()
very lar^e, 2;t in head; snout hroad and tiat; nioiith obliqn*!, tho maxil-
lary '1\ in head; teeth <|nite Hniall, those on vomer Hcarcidy ilevoloped;
none on palatines or tongue; lower Jaw niueh projecting; preo]>erclo very
liiicly Hcrrnlatc. (Jill rakers slender and rather lonjj, X4-17; nostrils
NMiall, oblong, the longest jj pupil; body conii>reHsed, the back somewhat
elevated; longest dorsal spine not \ length of head; soft dorsal and
anal low, covered with small scales; caudal forked; anal spines short,
graduated, the second stouter; first soft ray of anal less than )^ head.
Color Mteel-blue above, silvery below. Galapagos Islands; not common;
the above dcscriptiim from one of the original types. (Named for Louis
Agassi/,.)

Xenichtliy$ agaitizii, Strindachnbu, Iclitii. Heitrii);^, ni, 0, 1875, Galapagos Islands;
JOIIDAN &. Feslbh, I.e., 401.

16«0. XKMniTIIVS XAMI, dill.

llcadlJ; depth 3. D. XI-I, 18; A. Ill, 17; scales 10-.f>4-ll. Form ellipti-
cal, the body comparatively deep, conipreHHed, the back somewhat ele-
vated; jirolilenearly straight from snout to base of dorsal; headsubconic,
llattish above, not strongly eorapressed; the temporal region promini^nt;
liD.st -temporal, interorbital, and suborbital regions somewhat cavernous,
yielding to the touch; nuchal regi«)n slightly carinate; mouth terminal,
very ol)li(|ue, the lower Jaw strongly itrojecting, its tip entering the upper
profile of head; preorbital rather narrow, its least width less than J
the diameter of the ]>upil. Teeth small and feeble, in narrow bands in
both jaws, a few on vomer, none on palatines or tongue. Nostrils similar,

'i

'

1

!

■

j

1!

1288 liulldin ^7, United States National Museum.

m

■rv

near together, oMoug, iiioro than twice as long us broad (nearly round in
A'. voli/ornienHiH). Proorbital region, nttper .jaw, and tip of lower jiiw
Tiaked; rest of head scaly. Edge of preorbital entire. Eye extremely
largo, i longer than snout, which is somewhat longer than the widtii
of the Ihit interorbital space; diameter of head IJ in length of head. Pre-
operi'le pro<luced and mombranaceoiis at its angle, its vertical limb witii
weak, sharp teeth. Gill rakers moderate, about A diameter of pupil,
6-f- 14. Scales nH)dorate, thin, somewhat ctenoid, those of the bn^ast like
the others; scales on breast and back somewhat reduced. Dorsal spin l-
higb, llexible, the third liigiiest, as long as snout and eye, or Ij^ in head,
5i^ in length of body; tenth dorsal spine very low; eleventh and twolltli
a little higher; soft dorsal loi g aiul low, its highest rays less than diame-
ter of orbit, its base f length of head, slightly longer than base of soft
dorsal, equal to base of anal; anal spines small, graduated, the third jj
height of the soft rays; caudal moderately and equally forked, the mid-
dle rays J length of outer ; length of the fin more than lengtl: of snout and
eye; pectoral short, not reaching nearly to vent, a littlelongcr than snout
a.id eye, or IJ in head; ventrals not nearly reaching vent, IJ in head,
their accessory scale well developed; vertical fins with well-developed
sheaths of Kcales; anal entirely scaly; soft dorsal, pectorals, and ventrala
moftly covered with scales; caudal i)artly scaled. Coloration in life:
Back bluish-grav; below silvery; upper part of sides with 7 or 8 longitu-
dinal, narrow, yellowieh-browu streaks, some of which are continued very
faintly on the head; snout blacki.^'i ibove, yellowish on sides; mouth
light yellow within, with tip of tongue and membrane of lower jaw black-
ish anteriorly ; eye with a dusky yellowish streak surrounding the iris;
spinous dorsal yellowish below, dusky toward the margin: other vertical
fins yellowish, with some scattered bla(;k points and with narrow black
margins; pectorals yellowish, the membrane with series of dark points
between the rays; ventrals white, with a dusky yellow blotch on the
outer ^ of outer rays. Young with two dark longitu<linal stripes and a
faint dusky spot at base of caudal. Here described from the types cf
A'cnichthys xvHops, 10 inches long, from Panama. Pacific coast of tropical
Ameri«'a; from Capo San Lucis to Panama; common southward. (Named
for .lohn Xantus de Vasey, who iiia«le a remarkably valuable collection ol
fishes at Cape San Lncas. )

XenichthifS xanti, Gii.l, Proc. Ac. Nat. .S<'i. Pliila. 18611. Ki', Cape San Lucas; youiifi; Jon

DAN A- FESI.fiR, I. c, •^61.
Xeni-hthjiH xeiiopfi, JoKD.VN \ Gilheiit, Hull. U. S. Fish Com. 18H1, 325, Panama; adiiU.

(Types, No». 29173 and 29.'>i:i. C.tll. Gilbert.)

slillll

«Al

536. NEMIPTERUS, Swaiuson.

Nemipterus, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fialies, otc, n, 223, 183!t {Jilamnitosuii).
Hi/nagrin, GOnther, Cat. Fitdi. Hrit. Mas., I, 373, IS.IO {furcomit) ; not S\jn(ii;ri.% lileoker.
Dentfx, Hleeker, Systeiiia Porcariun Kevisuni, 278, 1875 (Jilamrnloivii) -. not ol' tJuviEn,
whoso tyi)e is Dnitex denttx.

This genus contains sonn^ 20 species, very closely allied to the European
gonns Dentex, from which they are distinguished by the larger scales.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1289

lulull.

Rker.

lUVIEH,

hpeaii

Icilk'H.

snialler month, and fewer dorsal spines, all characters of minor iniporto,nce.
All are Asiatic, except the one very imperfectly described species said to
have been taken in our waters. (j'V/'«> thread; Ttrepov, fiu.)

IGftl. NKMII'TEItUS SIAt'UONKMlS (aiinthur).

Head t ; depth '.i'i (with caudal). D. X, 9; A. Ill, 7. First dorsal spine,
ii,t|ier lolte of caudal, and iirst ray of ventral, produced in long (ilameuts.
('(»l(tr red (Cuvior & Valenciennes). This species is known only i'roni the
oii"inal type, a young specimen said to have been sent by Diepering from
Surinam, but which may be really from the East Indies. AVwiJjj^erns
iiKicroncinug agrees very closely with Xcmipteriis uematophoruH, Giintlier,
from Sumatra. According to IJleolver the chief diHereuccs are these, that
in mavronemus but 1 dorsal spine is filamentous, in nematophoriin 2; in
inacroucmns the lins are more pointed. All these are doubtful characters,
and it may well be that NernqyterKS viacroneinim came from Suuuitra rather
than from Surinam. Collections from the Dutcli East Indian and West
[iidiau colonies have been repeatedly mixed in European museums.
{lutHfjo?, long; vOfdt, thread.}

Iii'iiiix Jllamcntostts, Cuviek a- Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Toiss., vi, 254, jd. 155, 1830,

Surinam; not CatUhanigjilainenldiiiiii, HuiiyivW, ,i1ho .a Xctnijilfnix.
SniKi'ji-iK iiiticiimriints, (ii'NTHEH, Cat., I, .'(80, 1859, Surinam; iil'lor CuviliU.
.S'einiiitcrus macronemus, Jokuan & 1'"esi.eu, I. c, ."iOS.

Family CL. II^EMIILID^E.
(TllK CJUUNTKUS.)

Mody oblong, or more or less elevated, covered with moderate slxed,
adherent .sciles, which are more or less strongly .tonoid or almost cychdil;
lateral lino well developed, concurrent with the back, usually not extending
on the caudal fin ; head large, the crests on the skull usually largely d((\ el-
oped; no su''orbital stay; mouth large or small, usually terminal, low,
and horizontal ; ]»remaxillai'ies protractile, their spines not greatly pro-
(liicf^d backward; maxillary without supplemental bone, f<n most of its
length slipping under the edge of the lueorbital, which forms a more or
less distinct sheath; preorbital usually broad, no barbels; teeth all
pointed, ncme of them forming marked canines; no teidli on the vomer,
jialatines, and tongue; lower pharyngeals separate, with pointed teeth;
ni lis 4, a large slit behind thc! fourth; pseudobranehia' largo; gill rakers
iiiotlerate; gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus; preoperele
serrate or entire; oi)ercle without spines; sides of head usually scaly;
dorsal (in single, continuous or deeply notched, sometimes divided into
•_' fins, the spines usually strong, depressible in a groove; the spines heter-
acantlions, that is, alternating, the one stronger (m the right side, tjie
other on the left, the spines usually 10 to 12 in number; ana' tin similar
lo tiie soft dorsal, and with 3 spines; ventral tins thoracic, the rays I,
"i. with a more or L'ss distinct sealelike ai)pendage at base; caudal tin
nsiiiilly more or less concave behind ; air bladder present, usually simjile;
sidiiiaclieieeal; pyloric ca'ca few ; vertebra- usually 10-f 11:^21. I{ranch-
lostegals usually 6 or 7. Cranium with its mueiferous system moderately
(levolo]»ed or rudimentary. Intestinal canal short. Carnivorous fishes of
3030 -1

1200 Ihilh'tin //. United States National Museum.

■'<<.'

:5'i!'

!■<

Mjf warm seas, most of theui valued as footl. Generii about 15; species
nearly /"/). The group is very ckv»e to the Lutianidw on the one hand and
to tlio Spaiidii 1)11 the other, white son'e of its members show affinities with
some Scianido' and Herranida: {I'riatijmmalida; (iiiuther, Cat., l, 272-337.)

a. OhJii with a oentrfll Kr«ov« behind the syiuphj'sis of the lower jaw.

0. MoutJi more or Icfs wiile, the jaws Moarlet posteriorly in life j soft parts of verti
cal liiis (Iciiselv scaly tothoiv luarKin.H.
c. Scales ahove lateral lino arrauj^ed in very oblique si^ries, not parallel with
the latrral line,
rf. Jaws Buheiiual, or the lower Includetli month little obliqno; gill rakers
comparatively few anil short.
e. Dorsal spines 12, rarely 11; scales large i gill rakers few ami
small (10 to 14 on lower ])nrt of anterioi' arch); I'rontal foni
men u single or divided slit at the base of the high suprii
occipital crest in front.
/. IStouth modcrato or large, its cleft more than \ length of head
hack more or less clevuted; .Hccoud anni spine strong, nota
Itly longer than third. ILk.mulon, 537.

//. Mouth small, its idoft less than J Icngtli of head; body rather
elongate; second anal sjjiue small; back and sides with
longit\idinal yellow stripes; teeth weak: gill rakei -
rather few and hiimII; snout vei'y siioil, 'JJ in head
I'rontal Inramina sep.'U'ate and placed sonu; distance in
front of the very low supraoccipital crest; preinaxillar\
spine very short, 41 in head. 1?ha('1iv(ii:.ny8, 5;I'^

ce. Dorsal spines 13; anal flu tow; i)reorbital low; gill raUer.s inmod
erate or ratlier large numbers, 12 to 18 on lower part of arcli
lower Jaw not i>roJecllngi mouth little obli(|ue; body coin
parativcly elongate, the depth 2% to H.J in length ; body with
longitudinal yellowish strijies; scales rather small; frontiil
foramina long livided slits in front of supraoccipital crest
size snuiU. IJATiivsroM.A, 5;i!i

lid. Lower Jaw projecting beyond upper; snout very short ; gill raker-
comparatively long and slender, about22 on lower part of anteridi
arch ; frontal foiamiiui 2 short slits close fogetlior Just in front nl
the high supraoccipital crest; dorsal spines 12 or 13.

LyTHRULON, 5)1'

cc. Scales above lateral line arranged in longitudinal series, which are through
out parallel with the lateral line; dorsal siiines 13 or U; front. il
foramina narrowly oval, wholly separate, some distance in front o( tin
low supraoccipital crest; i)remaxillary sjniie short, 3^ in head; low '
Jaw projecting. OuTHOSTCEciir.s, ,"i4i.

lib. Mouth moro or less narrow, not scarlet within; soft tins naked or with scalci
on thciir basal parts.
;/. Anal lin short, its rays III, TtoIII, 10; dorsal tin more or less emargiiiiiir
its spines rather robust.
h. Uody ovate, the back elevated; depth grt;aler than length cd' iIh'
head; outer teeth of upper Jaw enlarged; lips thick; secon<l aii;il
si)ine strong; soft rays of dorsal and anal scaly at ha?-.;.

ANIHdIKE.MfS, T)!.'.

hh. Body oblong, the depth usually less than h^iigtli if head; lijis ini

very thick ; scales large, those above lateral line in series mostly

parallel with hiteral line.

i. Preopercle very sharjily serrate, the serra' at angle much in

larged, those below angle turned forward; oiiti" teeth in

both jaws considerably enlarged; soft rays of dorsal .iiul

anal more or less scaly; second anal sjiine enlarged.

CON'JDON. Jl!

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1291

species
md and
ies with
72-337.)

H of verti

riiUel will)

(fill raker >

s few mill
olital linii

th of lieail
rong, ii«>ti>
MULON, r);i7
body ral 111!
I Bulea witli

Hill raUt'i
ijl in iK'iiil

(liHtaiH'c in
ireinaxilliir:

V(1KNY8, 5;l^

[U('i-.-<iuiiii>il
part of anil
3; body t'oii'
i; body with
nail; frontal
I'ipital I lost

vsroMA, 5;(',i
^111 ralu'i-

•t of anterii"
t in front nl

lilUULON, 5411

jaii'tiiroiifili
U; front. il
front of till'
bead; 1"^' '

1-(K('I11S. all.

witli sciili "

lemarpiuaii'

I'Ugth of 111.
second aii;il

llHEMfS, 'ilJ
■ad; lil>s H'l
leries most I v

Mo mucb 111
Iti;- teetli

If itors;il 111 'I
:ed

bN'JDON. .'il

ti. Preoperclo finely serrate, the serrso at the angle scarcrely

enlarged, those below not antrorsej teeth siibeqnal, or the

outer in ui>i»er jaw somewhat enlarjred; gill rakers very

short and weak.

j. Soft i)art of dornal and anal v, ith series of small scales on

the uieinbranes behind each ray; anal spines small or

moderate, tlie Hecond little, if any, lonjjer or stronfjer

than third ; anal lower than the soft rays ; bodyoblong,

not elevated ; scales above lateral line parallel with the

back; dorsalsiilnes 12, thoHoflraysl.'iorlO; outerteetli

ofii|iper,jaw sli);lilly ttnlarged. BnACIIYDEl'TKIUS, 544.

)j. Soft pai Is of doi'sal and anal sealeless, excejit a low sheath

at base; anal Hi)ineH strong, the second much lousier

and stronger than third; dorsal spines 12 or 13, the

soft rays 12 to 14. 1'o5IADA.si,«, 54;">.

(/(;. Anal tin long and low, its rays III, 10 to III, i:{; dorsal tin low, usually

not deeply eniarginalc; anal sjiines small; iireojjercle finely .serrate

or entire; outerteetli of jaws slightly enlarged; gill rakers moderate,

rather slender.

*. Dorsal spines 12 or l.t.

/. Hcali M of lioily witliout series of small accessoiy scales at base;
soft dorsal and anal naked or simiewliat scaly; moutli small;
temporal crest, which lises from behind the eye, very low
and ii'.cons]ii(Ui)iis, tlio ni)i)er edge below base of the high
siipruoecijiltnl crest, which originates over the pupil.

OKTHOPIlI.^TIf, 540.

U. Si ales of body each with a cluster of small accessory scales at

base; soft dorsal and anal with series of small scales on the

membranes. LsAifl-l i \ 547.

A*. Dorsal ajiines 14; scales ^■cry small; soft dorsal and anal naked,

skull very broad and iininded, intirnrbllal aiia wider thtin

length of snout; iireorbital viry narrow; the tcnij)oral crest,

which rises above the puiiil, rather high, its tojt above middle

of height of supraoccipital crest, whidi originates over front of

l)upil. Mil rjiii.KriDorr.s, 548.

(Id. Chin with pores, but wit lino cent ralgrooveat the symphysis; preopenlo finely serniti'

m. Anterior profile concave above the eye; snout gibbous; outer teeth in both

jaws enlarged and blunt (appearance iii Animtnmvs) \ gill rakers small

and slender, anal tin ratlicr long, soft dorsal and anal sealeless.

Genvathe.mi s, 549.
537. HiEMULON, Ciivier.

(liONCOS ol! (ilMNTS )

l>iahii»i,'<, DlCMMAUEST, Premiere Decade liililliiilogii|ue, 34, 1823 (imrrn

l)iahatiiSA>f Hofkma.nskiui, a genus of rodiiyi/ccn, 1810.
Ihiiniihui. (JrviEH, Kegne Animal, Kd. 2, II, 175, 1829 {eUi/aiis, etc

t'lajaus^nciunts).
l,/(inii()»7(;,s'(Si-i'I)l)Kli MS.) IMtnam, UuU, Mus.Conip. Zool.. I, 12, 1803 (name only ; jhiva

lini'Otinn, (iiv.) : niune preociiupied in insects, A iiiinnostus. I,iii.\v, 1800.

Jltti ilhiratuK) ; lint
ristiicteit later to

All the Slice ies of llretKtilon are AnuTican. All tlie"s|)ecies have niort> or less of orange
nil the inside of thti m.iuth, a trait of coloration not found in I'otiiinlaiiiii. 'I'ho amount of
riiliKss is greatest in those species having the I'lrgest mouth. The young fishes in this
i;mup ilill'er ill proportien considerably from the adults. JJesides the changes usual in
ntiiei- lishes, we may observe that in ihviuiihm the youi g have tlie snout pi'o|>ortion!vtely
iiiiii'li shorter, so that t^e maxillary, although also nii.li shorter in proportion, extends
tiirthcr back in coiu)iarison with the eye. Nearly all the species liiive, when young, two
iir iiiciii' more or less sharply defined, daik, longitudinal atrijies along I he sidi;. one or more
ailing the top of the head, and a darU sjiot at the base of caudal. Tliese mar ings jiersis
liiiii;ii' in soiiie species than in others, hut traces of them at least may be Icuind in til
Miuii'.' if nearly all the spe<:ies of Hivmidon and Fomailasi.t. In a few spech's tlieso
iiiiuUings iiersist during life.

1293 fiullcUn 47y United States National Museum.

itiii

Ho<ly obhmg, iiauully inoru or Ions nloviited; mouth wide, i\w iiiuxillary
long and curved, roiudiing to Itelow tlio oy»;, its tij) oxtondiiig to the posto
rior end of the preorbital; <;liin with a central groove behind the Hyni-
physiH; h>wor Jaw inchuh'd; gill rakerH niodcratu; no (ccth on vonirr or
palatines; toeth of the jaw uouical, the outer sorieH stronger, curved; lips
and inside of nu>uth pcmteriorly commonly briglit red or scarlet in lift' ;
preopercle serrate, with no recurved hooks below; soft parts of the ver-
tical fins completely covered with scales; scales altont lateral line in series
not parallel with lateral line; a marked angle formed at the Junction ol
the spinous and soft parts of the dorsiil; dorsal spines 12 or 11; sei^und
anal spine enlarged, generally largo and longer tlian the third; caudal
forked. ((r///<r, blood; ou/lo>', the singular of oi;/\(i-, the gums.)

a. ScalcH below lutrral lint) iiiitoriorly not CHpociully eiiliU'Kt'il.
b. SciilrH nl>ovi< liitoral lino iintoriuiiy not iiiiit'li nnlarK<'<l.

e. Maxillary 2\ to 2iJ in hoatl, nolrcacliin); conlcr ol'oyo (in ailiill).

(/. J?ack and sidoH witliout ycdiow or bluo Hliipcs; «iach Hcaiii aluivo witli

anirdian blacklHli Hpot, tlios()rorniin<; undulaliu;; liniM (H|io(Hrari'l\

oliHolotu in adult, obscure ur wnutin;; in youn^) ; maxillary '2^ to 'J.

in liead.

c. .ScalcH in a vertical row froni llrHt doranl spine to lateral line, 7 m

8 (!) in oldiipie sirirM).

/. Moiitli ratber small, maxillary Hcan^ely rcacbiii;; to front m

eye; bark elevated; preorbital very dre|i, its least breadlli

gn^tter than leu^tli of eye in adult, 4,', to 4|{ in bead in

younji; second anal spine not reat'bin;; to lip ol' last rii\

snout loni; and pointed, -\ to 2j in bead.

;/. Sides with about Gdark vertical bars; sides of head willi

blackish si)ot8 like those of body; dorsal spints noi

(graduated; second anal spine when de|>ressed imi

reacliin>; ti)) of hist spiiio. Head II; depth 2V; scah s

75114; 1). \II, 17; A. in, 1). HKXIASCIATfM. IOi;j

(/;/. Sides without dark bars ; he;ul unspotted ; dorsal Hpiii'^

ttraduated; st^eond anal sidne, when depressed

reai^bing beyond tip ol last .spine. Head '.\\ depMi

•2",; 1). XII, Hi; A. 111,7; scales 7 (or 8) 40 to 48 Id.

Al.iil'M, ir.i.:
ff. Moiitb rather lar^e, maxillary reacbinji front of jniiiil ; bin l^
little elevatoW; preorbital rather narrow its least wiilili
.■) in bead; second anal spine reacbiii;;- lip of last r;i\
snout rather lon^iind ])oinled,2', in head; back and siijrs
with 4 or.'') black lon;;iiudinal streaks, whi(;h disappi n
only in very old examj)les. Dejdb 2'|.

mAl.'hostomi'.m, 1 fill I
ei\ Scales in a vertical row from tirst dorsal spiiut to the hiteriil lim
■') or 6.
h. Series of scales from scajuilar scab* extending; liiickwaid I"
front of soft dors.'d; snout rather long and pninhil
month small; the maxillary 2^ to ;j inbeiul; jiectoral Im^
■■■"Ki i It^u^th of head; black spots (m sides coah'scini: in
continuous stri'ies. honaiuknse, Hh.'

hh. Series of soiiles from seai>ular scale not extendinj; fail In r
backward than the middle of s]>inous dorial; simiii
sborter, not vc^y acute; mouth larger, the maxill.ir\
about 2.5 in bead; ]>reTnaxillarv jirocesses about ;i in
head ; dark spots on scales not coaleseeut.

<

I

■,:^"_:r^iari^iA

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America. 1203

7 <i

lid Willi

IIC.< ii"l

is(mI IHpI

; Hrilli H

•M. Ifil'.!

1 s;)iii' ~

pll'rtSl'il

t; ili'|.ll,

to 4f! I''.

'M, lt')i..:.

il; l':i'K

hI Willi Ii

;ist ia\

ml ^idi H

isaiM" ■"

•M, l«''l

•nilliin

wanl 1"

(xiiiiti <l

(iriil liii-

•sciiii: ill

SE, ll'l-'

r t'iirlli'r

I; miHllI

i;ixilln'\

DUt '■' i'l

t. I)ei>tli of l>flil.y (iboiit 2} in longtli; poctornl ihiH hIioH,

IcHH tluui ij length of li«u<l ; Hnib^H alxtvii liilttral lino

Hcnrculy cnlitrgml. Head 3; depth 2J ; Hoalen G fiO-

14; 1). XII, 14; A. Ill, 7. I'ikUUA, 1000.

ti. Depth of body 2} in longth; poctornl linn lon^;, nior»

than 2 length of head; McaloH above lateral line

Hoinewhat eiilar^etl (in adult). Head :!J| ; depth 2};

HCiiles 5-40-13; 1). XI or XII 10 or !.''>; A. Ill, 7.

sriJDDKiii, 1007.
(/(/. IJank and sides with distinct horizontal yellow RtrijH'M, fudin); but
not disappearing in s))irit.s; nobliK^k spots anywhero; vertical tins
usually dusky yellow ; Heales ofsiiles slightly enlarged ; maxillary
2.', in hniid, reni'bin;; front of pupil; body not very deep; snout
short, not \ lengl!i of head; second anal spinn when deproHHe4l
reaching tip of last ray, its length abont \ lieatl.

OAKIIONAKIUM, 1008.

C.C.. Maxillary nearly or quite J length of head, reaching center of oyo in

ndnlt ; no black spots or strip<'s anywhere in the adult (oxce]>t under

angle of ])reopercl6).

;. Hack and sides with rows of round silvery s])ots, one on eat^b s(^ale,

tlieso forming streaks wbieh follow the direction of the rows of

H(MleM; ground (^olor light olive brown ; anal high; a black blotch

at bast^ of caudal; tins all yellow; body lather itlongate; the

snout jiointed; maxillary about 2^ in head; second anal spine 2\

in bead. Head 3; depth 2,1; scales 7-50-14 ; I). XII, 10; .\. Ill, 8.

STEIN'DACIlNKlil, 1009.
')}. I'.ack and sides with (Continuous yellow stri;ies, w liich are hori/ontal
and do not everywhere follow the direction of the rows of scales;
gi'ound <'olor Idnish-gray; back with a weirdetlued blackish are;i
from tirst dorsal sjiine to base of cautlal. this color covering must
of soft dorsal and middh^ of caudal lobes; body rather elongate;
snout moderate; second an;il s|>iiu« 2^ in head. Head 3; depth 3;
scales 7 r>0-17; 1). XII, 10; A. 111,8. MEI.ANUUrM, l!i71i.

yf). Hack and sides of head and body with continuous blue stripes, hori-
zontal, and not (ivery where following the rows of scales; ground
color bright yellow ; tins yellow, ( he caudal dusky at base ; snout
moderate; teetli strong, the anterior caninelikc!; second anal
spine 2.J in head. Head 23 ; depth 2R; scahts 7-53-14; I). XII, 10;
A. Ill, 8. .sciriius, 1071.

Iih. Scales above lateral lino anteriorly much larger than th(> other scales; sides of
head with bright blue stripes, which extend for a short distance only on
body; body without distinct markings; mouth very large, its clt^l't more
Mian J heiul (in adult); iirenuixillary jiroces.ses 2J in bead; ;uilerior ]>ro-
tile somewhat concave, the snout sharp, jtrojccting; anal ratlit>r high, its
second si>ine 2J in IhmuI. ri imikim, 1672.

Scales below lateral line anteriorly mnch «'nlarged; head, l)u<'k, aiid siiles with con-
tinuous blight yellow strijiea, those below following tlie direction of the scales,
and therefore extremely undulating for the most part; body with 2 longi-
tudinal black lines, tlu; lower running from snout to base of ciudal, ending in a
black sjiot, the ui)pcr commencing in front of nostrils and separ;iti(l from ))re-
ccdiiig by a. pale band, extending backward to jiosterior end of soft dorsal;
region in front of dorsal with bhu'k median line; other short black lines on
head, black spot iit angle of jireojierchi purplish-silvery in spirits; liiisysllow;
Jiosterior teeth caiiiiieliki^; body rather deep; siiinit short mouth not large,
the maxillary 2^ in head; anal high, its sei'ond spine 2 in Ik 1.

KLAVlll.INKATUM, 1073.

ill' I

1294 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

1068. II1:MUL0N SKXFASCIATIIN, Ciill.

(MO.IAHRA Al.MK.IKRil.

iil

r ■

•I -i

I ii

<:•■■

Head 3; tlt^ith 2r. D. XII, 17; A. Ill, 9; t.ciilos*' 6-51-14. Form ol
U. album. Body comparatively deep, the hii(;k rlevated and ct)mpreM8e(l ,
tlio anterior profile stticp and nearly straij^ht from tip of Huoiit to abovf
eyoj where a slight angle m formed, thenre rising more steeply and form
ing a somewhat steep curve before tlie dorsal ; snout pointed, of moderate
length, 22 in head (in specimen H inches in length) ; proportionate!)
longer in the adult. Mouth not very large, the maxillary reaching front
of eye in young (8 inches), not nearly reaching eye in adult, its length 2
to 2'i in head; lower jaw included. Teeth rather slender, the antrorsc
teeth of posterior part of lower jaw iuconH]iicuou8. Eye small (4^ in heat!
in young of 8 inches). Int(a"orl»ital space convex, about 4 in head; proor
bital deep, its least depth greater than length of eye in adult, 4^ in head
in young (8 inches); i»reopercle finely and rather sharply serrate. Gill
rakers small, about 8-|-12. Scales moderate, those above lateral line not
enlarged, arranged in very obli(|ue series; those below lateral line alMo
not enlarged, their series more nearly horizontal ; soft fins scaled, as usual.
Dorsal spines rather slender, the fourth highest, 2 in head; longest sott
rays 3 in head; caudal lobes 8nbe(|ual, 1^ in head; longest anal rays higli,
2^ in head; second anal spine longer and a little stronger than third, its
tip when depressed about reaching middle of last anal ray, its length L' ■
in head; free margin of anal soumwhat concave, the tips of the iirsi
rays when depressed reaching tips of last rays; ventral fins l.V in head:
pectorals Ij. Frontal foramen a single divided slit in front of the hi^li
supraoccipital crest as in other species of the subgenus Ilamulon. Coldr
pearly grayish, with (5 or 7 sharply detined dusky cross-bands from back
to lower part of sides, fading below, these of nearly equal width, and,
excei)t the sixth and seventh, of about e<|ual distinctness, and extend
slightly backward below ; they are rather wider than eye and about ecfiiiil
to tlie paler interspaces; the first is at the nape, extending to base of pe.
toral; the second under front of spinous dorsal; the third near middl.
of 8i)inous dorsal; the fourth under last sjtines; the fifth and sixth undt i
soft dorsal ; the seventh, when evident, on caudal j)eduncle; cheeks, op<r-
cles, and anterior part of sides with distinct roundish spots of brownisli-
blatk, these largest and best defined on the operde; tins nearly plifin
dusky grayish. Here de^riibed from No. 30997, U. S. Nat. Miis., fnim
Colima, 8 inches in length. J'acific coast of tropical America, Guaynias
to Panama; not very abundant, but widely distributed. This sjjecies i
the Pacific coast reiircsentative of If. alltuiu, from which it differs stril
iiigly in its coloration, it reaches a similar very large size, specimen

*Iu tliis <i»!ii'i8 tlio Hcides aliove tlu' latiTal liiiis an; ('ounted vertically from tho first <lnr
Hal Bpiiif totlit; lateral liiif>; those belowthe lateral line t'roin tlie first anal spine obliciinl)
upward and forward lo the lateral line. The Hcales in ,1 louy;itudinal series are, as hen
aiven, the nund>er of vertical rows alxtve the lateral line froni heail to base of caiiil:il.
Tins number is i>raeti(tiill.v the same In all species of the <;tMUis, tlie wiriatious above nr
belo« .">(! beinn sliffht. The number ol ol«li<|ue series of scales or of jiores in the lateral
line is m all cases about 10 lower, or uboul 4U.

■ as

% drpresso

Vrlld'iilH
MIIII'DIIS (

rill;;'!) liii.

f low and

Colnr in

what oli

s|i(dH at

pi it ()(' si

(d' snout
iiiorc (list
dusky; Ik
■ipids Huia
III' hack a

rOMhU ed.

Jordan and pA'cnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1295

1 liiidi 1

-'fl

s, ov r-

wk

wiuhIi-

Wk

^ plifiii

■«»

., from

iayiii:i>

5cies 1

s stri'

ciiiieii

irsl cl>'i

bliiliic l\

■■>

as 111 1'

, >

cauil.tl.

illlOVl I'l

-1.

1 latcial

)!' over 2 feot iii length having been obtained at Ma/atlan by Gilbert and
l,y Jordan. («<-jr, six; Jaaciatiia, banded.)

Ilivimdou »ex/(t!<ciatti$, Olix, Proc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. IMiila. 1802, 2r.4, Cape San Lucas (Coll.

XantuH).
U.rinuliiii maitiilotiiui., I'KTBUS, Uorlincr MoiiatMborichte, Tdf), IHfiO, Mazatlan.
ILniuilon »y.r/axci((N(m, JoitDAN \- SWAIN, /. c. 2«8, lhH4; .IokdaN \ Fk.slkk, I. <■., 400.

1U»:|. II.K.MIIIi<>\ AlilillM, (Jitvit^i- A Valfiii'it'iiiM'H.
(M.VRdATK-FISII; .lALI.AO; MaHIIAKKT (lltlNT.)

lltad:?; depth I'it. 1>. XII, !(!; A. 111,7; scales 7 or S- 16 to 48-16. Body
(Oiiiparatively de»'i», the back more elevated and more sliarply coiupreHHed
iliiiii in any other of our sjtocies, the anterior profile steep and nearly
strai''lit from tip of snont to above eye, wiiere a slight angle is formed,
I lit' jirotih! tlience rising more steeply and forming a somewhat stoeji (;urve
liol'on' the dorsal. In most specimens, especially tlie larger ones, the con-
(•;i\ itv above the eye is well marked, not, however, in all. Snout long,
|Hiiiited, its length 2^ to 2;:^ in head ; ventral outline nearly straight ; caudal
|ir(liiiiclo rather long. Mouth large, the maxillary extending to front of
t'\(', its hngth2V to 2;^ in head, lower jaw inchuled. Tetfth not very large,
in narrow bands, the antrorse teeth of the posterifu- part of lower Jaw
|( s-^ (Icveloiied than in some other species; eyesmall, 5 to 7 in head; inter-
oiliital space 8tr<mgly convex, its widtli ii^ in head; preorltital deep, its
li list liieadth H in head; prcopercle tinely but sharply serrate, the teeth
cDaiHcr above. In most of the specimens these serrations are ilistiuct, l)ut
ill (iiie, not otherwise peculiar, they are scarcely distinguishable. Gill
nikcis rather small, about 12 below the angle. Scales moderate, those
above lateral line not enlarged, arranged in very obli([ue series; tliose
liciiiw more nearly horizont.al; soft parts of dorsal and anal covered with
tiiiii Iraiislucent scales. Dorsal spines rather slender, the fourth highest
iilioiit 1!'. in head ; htngest soft rays .^) in head; caudal lobes snbe(iual, 1,', in
IkmiI; anal moderate, its longest rays 1 in head; second anal spine stronger
and longer than third, 3^, in head, reaching past base of the last ray when
(Icincssod ; lirst soft rays when depressed not reaching tips of last rays;
vt'iitrais I'H in head; jiectorals 1^. Hones of head usually cavernous;
iiinroiis canal around jireopercleand lower jaw very large; snpraoccipital
ri.'i.'ic liiuli, extending forward to middle of ]nipil; temporal crests very
low and thin, not extending forward ([iiite to end of snpraoccipital crest.
Color in life of adult lislies (li to 2 feet in length) pearly white, some-
what olivaceous above, where a few of the scales have very faint dark
siK.ls at their bases; still fainter spots visil)le along the scales of lower
]iartof sides; mouth orange within; lips and a faint blotch on each side
of >iiout light yellow; a dusky shade under edge of prcopercle (much
iiioic distinct in young); fins all light olive; the soft dorsal somewhat
ilusky ; head without stripes or sjjots. Young more distinctly sjiotted, the
spots small, round, blackish, each with a pearly edge; one under each scale
(if hack and sides very distinct when the fish is alive, or after its scales are
removed, but disappearing almost entirely with death. In life a broad,

•I'!;;!:'.

mi

1290 liulletin /7, United States National Museum:

(lunky, liiterul bund ia also tlistinct, but all tracoH of iliin diaappoar with
death. The ('ubnn apcciiuous uro inon^ dunky in color and b'SH diHtiiicti,\
8p(»ttod; tho coloratiou above rather brasHy than pearly. West Indies:
Florida KeyH to Rra/il; reaclieHalen^thof 2 fecit or more, and is an impor-
tant lood-liHh at Key Woat, Havana, NaHHau, Ht. Thomas, and Jamaifii
(albiiH, white.)

7V((!. maiinii jlhhnsa (MiifKnto-fish), Catksiiv, fiat. Ilisf. Car., 2, pi. 2, 1742, Bahamas.
J'eri-ati'l'l>"i>a, Wai.haum, Artrtli I'ihc, ;iJ8, 1702; iil'tor CatksiiY; nol I'erea iiibhiinii, I. in

N.K.t'H, which is KiiiKiiiiiitia ijiblioitus.
i'alUiiilim ijihltiisim, IJi.ock A. .Si'iinkiiiku, Syst. Irlilli., 312, 1801 ; iil'tcr C'ATRHnv.
HuimiihiH iilbiim, Cuviek X Vai.eni-ik.vnkh, Hist. Nat. Toiua., v, 241, 183(>, St. Thomas;

Jordan .V Kesi.kh, /. c, 409, 18Ii;t.
llii-mulon iiiifrniilitlKilininii, (Ji'NiiiKii, C'nt., I, 3(iO, IS,""!!!, America.
IJcemuionijibboiuin, Joiiuam it .Swain, I. c, 2i>(), 1884.

in04. IIIIMUI.ON MAntOSTOMIM, Oiintlicr.

({lUAY (iUUNI'; SlItll'Kli (iIU'NT.)

Head 2! ; depth 2'}. D. XII, 16; A. Ill, S; Hcalos 7-51-13 (9 above in an
ol)li(|iie series). Hody oldonfjj, moderately comprttHsed, the anterior prolilc
almost straight; snout rather lonj; .iiid jtointed, its h'njj;th liA in liead ; oyc
lar<.{i>, I5| in head; niotitli rather lar<;e, tlunnaxiUary reaching Irontofpnpil
21 in head; least width of ]>roorbital aliont f* in head. Teeth moderate,
the outer row in the n|»per .jaw and the posterior teeth in both jaws e<ii
siderably enlarj;ed. Treopercle moderately serrate, (iill rakers small.
Si-ales moderate, tho.se above lateral line not enlarj^ed; those below verv
sli<;htly enlarged; scales above arranged in very obli((ue series, the serii s
below (d»liqne anteriorly, becoming horizontal posteriorly. Dorsal spinis
strong, the longest 2 j in head; soft dorsal rather high; caudal lobes snlt-
e(inal, lij in head; anal spines strong, the second longest and strongest, L'i
in head, itstij) reaching, when depressed, beyond tip of last ray; soft ana!
very high, its free margin concave, its longest ray 2jJ in head, reaehiiiif
mnch beyond tip of last ray; pectorals V-, in head; ventrals V^. Color
in spirits, pearly gr.ay, with conspicuous narrow dark streaks, arrangi d
essentially as in the young of all tho other species of Ilamithm, but in
this species persistent through life; a median streak from tip of .snout to
dorsal, 1 from snout altovo eye, along sides of back to last ray of soft
dorsal, 2 below this from eye above to last ray of soft dorsal, tho upjuT
one more or less interrupted behind; a fourth streak from eye nearly
straight to base of caudal; traces below this of a lifth streak; a short
streak fom eye to gill opening, between the third and fourth streaks; tlii
is continued on the body in a series of irregular marks .and dots; alarj^c
black blotch on operdo under angle of preopcrcle; tins all dusty olive, tin
pectorals palest; ventrals darkest. * Here described from No. 2(i5r>,^), l'. s.
N. M., froui Key West. West Indies, north to Florida Keys and Clearwat( r
Harbor. Not very common, (//rrw/jos, long; (}r6jita,month.)

* Wo liuvo oxjiiiiinctl HiiiciiiiciiH of thi.s sppcics from (Uoiirwator Harbor, Key AVt .1
Jnniaira, aiul St. 'I'lionias. 'I'hc large speiinu'ii from St. Tiioiiiiis, a foot in loiigth, is \ur
IV^ctly iiiiicotor, only .scniio <if (hf iipjicr .scah's liaviii;.; (larkiT ci^nlcri. After rarofiil i 'n
Ridorutioii we haveilecidt'il that //. iiiacrostoininii. Giiiither, and ll./nnivhtindum, ViumU- \
Moan, muHt he identical, altlioiijili there uro one or two 8lit;lit discrepaucies in Giintlii i -
deauriptiuu.

lordau and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 121)7

llitmvlon maeroiitoinn, riilNTiiBit, Cat., i, 30H, IRSI), Jamaica (Coll. Dr. ritriiell); Jordan

.V S\v

AIN, /.

'28!t; JoUliA.V .V Fk.hI.KK, I. <•., 470.

Il,r,ii>ilim /n'i>i'>'ii»<l<i»>' <i"<>iiK \ Iti-.AN, I'roc. U."S. Nal. Miin. IH7I), ;i4(», Clearwater
Harbor, Florida (T.vim', No. 2;i0-'8, U.S.N.M. Coll. l»r. .1. W. Vi'lio) ; .Iouda.n &.

SWAIN, 1. C: 'JOT.

Itliiiiiisis /ri'iiiflnindtix, .Iorhan Si (in.iii''.UT, Syiic>|mlH, ,'i.'i:i.

llUI.'t. llllMli'LON li<>\AUIK>'SK, Ciivii<r \ ViileiicioiiiinA.

(lil.APK (tllllNI'; lloNCu I'UIETit.)

IIiikIL'!; dtptliL'S; Hciilos .f)-ll-l(). I). XII, Hi; A. Ill, 8. IWidy ohionj,',
((.iiipro.sHiMl, tlu) l>;u'k coiiHidoriiljly oUiviitoii ; lii'jul riiMu-r lony; the snout
itDiiittMl, laMuu' longer aiwl Hharpn* Mian in ll.parrit, ili« antorior prolilo
stniiiilit. or a vory little ('on<'avn licforc the cyeK, Snout 2ii in hea<l (in
voiMii; of!) iucLoH). Mouth ratlior small, HniaUor than in II. parra, tho
iiiMvilliiry barely reanhinj; front ol' eye, its l«Mi;fth I{ in heiid. Teeth of
iiioil(>iato size, the outer and |)o,sterior souiowhat enlarjje*!. Kye niodenito,
I III he:i(l; interorhital space llattish, its width Ij in head; preorhital
niDilcriite, its least width 41 in head; jueoporch' moderately Hcrrate. Uill
Hikers lew and small, ahont 12 on lower i)art of arch. Scales larger than
ill //, jiiirro or any other of the species; those above and below lateral
line iilioiit ('(|iial in si/c; tiioso above arran^^ed in scries which are less
olili<|iie and moni iindul;itin<; than in related spoeieH, the s(u-ieH from the
Hr;i|iiilar Hcah^ followin<r the direction of the latiMal line for about II)
simIch, then timiin^ abruptly iea(^hin}; Uie base of the, last dorsal spine,
111' soiimtinics the anteri«u' part of soft dorsal; soft tins scaly, as usual.
I»(iis;il spines of niodc^rate strenfjith, the fourth 2'! in head; long«^8r ray
(if suit dorsal I in head; caudal l:i in head; anal hij^h, the second si)ine
iiiid the lousiest rays extendinji^, when depressed, well beyond tip of last
ray: lon;;est soft ray 2 'J in head; second spine lonj^er and stronger than
third, 2jt in head; pectorals Ion jj;, 1^ in head ; ventrals l.^. Color in spirits,
|i('iiily gray ; center of each scale brownish-black, these coalescing and
fdniiing very sharply delined coutinuous undulating stripes; about Ifi of
tiiesc between fnmt of dorsal and front of anal; the si.xth extending from
the si'apular scale to last dorsal spine; base of (saudal blackish; tins
dusky. West Indies, south to Hucnos Ayres; not very common, {hona-
ni».s(!, from Buenos Ay res.)

Ihrniiilon IxmarifHse, (.'UVIKB & Vai.knciennks, Ili.st. Nat. PoiBs.,V, 254, 1830, Buenos

Ayres.
11,1 1,1 iilon eanua.Cvvw.R & Valenoiknnks. Hist. N.it. Poiss., V, 233, 1830, Martinique;

i;i NTiiKii, Cat., I, 311, 1859; roEV, Keiiorfor' i, I, 301), 1HC7; not of .Viia.ssi/, 1H2!>.
Ihviniitiin nolalniit, I'oEV, MuniuriiiH, u, 171), 18u8, Cuba; I'oEY, Synopsis, 317; I'oEY, Eiiu-

iiioiiitlo, 46.
Uifiiiiilim rctrcciirrfiis, I'oEV, Uopcrtorio, il, 230,401, 1.SC8, Cuba.
Ilifiinilon i-imtiniiiim, I'oey. Kiiuineratio, 40, 187,"), Cuba.
Ihimitbiiijiarric, ,](nii}AS \-. Swain, i.e., 292, 1884.

IftGO. II.KMlliOX IMKIIA (Dosniarost).

(SAII.OIt'S ClIOICK; RON(H) MlA-NCO; ItONt'O PUIKTO; liA.srAUl) MaUOAUET.)

lle.'id ;i; depth '2'i; eye large, 1 iu head. D. XII, 17; A. 111,7; scales
."i-.>0-l I. liody comparatively deep, the back compressed and arched ; ante-

1298 DuUetin ^7, United States National Museum.

m^'

lilt I- ;

riur protUu riitlior Mt<>op uiul oonvrx, Hteop and nearly Htrai^ht from ti)» oi
Hnoiit t«» oppoHiti> front of uye; liere an obtnHO an^li^ ih forineil, anil to tin
basu of (lorHal there \w a ratlior oven rnrvo. In other HpocinieiiN there is
little or no proniinencr before eye. Snout roniptirutivt^ly iii^h an<l obtUNr.
its length in MpeoinieuH of nuxlerate Ni/e .'( in head ; Hnont. shorter in yonn..
HpeciinenH than in the adnlt, the niaxillary in tlie young cvtendin^ fartlxv
back althouj{h proportioiuitely Hhnrter; niontii rather Hunill for the^enn>-
the maxillary usnitlly rxtendinj^ a littlo beyond vertical from front of eyr
in youn^r nearly t(» middle of eye, itH len<;th '1'] in hrad; maxillary in aduli
barely reaehin^ front of eye; jawH Hul)e<|ual, tin- lowor Hli|;htly in<dude<l
Teeth rather stronjr. in moderate bandn, the outer lar^e, the untrormf teeth
of the [xiHterior part of lower Jaw well developetl. Interorbital H|»a( >
convex, itH width IH» head; preorbital rather deep, itH leaMt breadth Ti
in bead; preoperele liiiely, but Hharjdy serrate, the teeth near the an^^ii
farther a|)art than the othern but nearcely lari;er. In ro^^ard to the Herrii
tion of the preoperele we tind much variation amon<r our H])ecimenH, some oi
those from Cuba, lorrenpouding more or lesn perfectly to //. nerralt(m, Toev,
have the preoperele alwayH Htrongly nerrate, while othern, (;ertainly eoi
responding to If, aviiliim, I'oey, have the HorratiouH very in(;oUNpi(MiouM
The Key Went Hpecimens are in thi8r«'spect mostly intermediate, and non>
of them hIiow any other distinctive character correlated with the diller
enees in the preoperele. (iill r.-ikers Hmall, about l.'>on lower partof areli.
Scales rather large, those above lateral line not especially enlar;;ed, in
ranged in very oblique Hcries; those below nmre nearly horizontal ; soli
tins well scaled; serii^s of scales from scapular scale reaching' fourth to
sixth dorsal spine. Dorsal S])ine8 stout, the fourth highest, 2! in heiid;
longest soft rays 3'f in head; upper caudal lobe rather longer, 1^ in head:
longest anal rays 2^ in hea<l, reaching when dtipressed beyond the tips ol
the last rays; second anal s|)ine stronger and longer tiian third, 2;;^ in
head, reaching when depressed nearly to the tip of the last ray; ventrals
l;i in head; pectorals short, 1^. Color in life, dull pearly-grayish; belly
plain grayish, each scale on body abov<( with a conspicMious spot of dull
olive-brown, these forming interrupted, oblique, and wavy streaks; heuij
not8])otted; mouth not much red, usually faintly orange near the angle
in young specimens, a black sj)ot on opercle under angle of preoper<'le;
iris gilt; tins all dull, blackish-gray, the ventrals more or less tipped witli
blackish. Ytmngcr specimens have dark lateral stripes arianged pre-
cisely as in //. macrontomi(m and //. rimator, and also u d.irk Itloteh at base
of caudal. In the very young the spots on the scales are indistinct. Cuban
specimens are mostly more dusky in color, the vertical tins mostly black,
an<l the spots on the scales larger and almost black. In some these spol^
coalesce into stripes, but more usually they remain distinct. Other Cubiiii
specimens (nlhidiim) are very [)ale, the dark spots light brown, and sj»eci-
meiis of every intermediate shade are in the collection. There are never
any shades of blue or yellow on body or tins. Here described from Key
West spocinu'us lOi inches in length. West Indies; southern Florida tn
Brazil; very common at Key West and Havana. (Named for Dim Antonio
Parra, who first wrote, in 1780, on the natural history of Cuba.)

■:':':; -.pi..

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North . Iniftira. ILMH)

IHahasii parra, Dkhmahkst, rroni. IKcHdii Ichtli., :iO, i>l. 2, tlu. 2, \«'S.\, Havana.

IlivmuUin iaudiiiiaculn. (.'rviKli, Mvnun Auiiiml, Kil. J, ii, 17(1, 1820, Brazil ; Havana;

oil I'rihiiro, Mahiiihavk, iumI DiaUate de I'arra, Ukm.makkht; ('uvikii \ Xalknti.

I NNKs IliHt, Niif. I'oImm., V, TM. Ih:iii; <i('NTiii;u, Cut., i,;ii;i; I'OKY, Ui'pcrtoiio, I, ;ilo,

|Htl7; .lollDAN >V ( ill.HKKT, illlU. U. S. FiMll C'oMllll. IHMl, :i22 (I e<l(>HiTi|il ion lit' iiriuinill
I.V|M).

Iliriinilun ehromU, IIuditshonkt, M8., in ("m IKK & V ai.kn<iennbs, IliHt. Nut. I'liiM., v, '-M2,

IH.io, Jamaica; (il'NTllKH, Cut., 1,310.
Ilifiiiiiloii uriitinn, I'nK.v, M«iiiiorliiH, II, 180, IHtio, Cuba: Iokh.vn .V SwAi>f, I.e., 'Mi.
ll,rmiilon»eniltuiii, I'nKY, McnidriiiH, ll, IM. I8tl0, Cuba.

Il.i'iiiiiliin alhiiliiiii. I'oKV, Mi'i Ihh, ii. IHl, IHflO, Cubii.

Ilii-miiloiieunna, A<iahmi/„ Spix, I'Ihc. UriiHil., i:iii. |il. til», IH'JU; nut of Ct'ViKU & Vai.RN*

riKNNKS.

l)i„hiisisi'lii-oiiii». .loHiiAN \ (ill.nnitr, SynopHiH, 024.
U.riiiiihii y'(()rf(,.f<>KI)A.N A KESI.KU. /..'., 471.

imi. ii.K.MrMtN Mn iHiKKi,^ (;iii.

(M(I.IAI<liA I'HIKTA.)

Hi'iul lii; (iopth '2L D.XI, l(i (woiiu'tinieH XII, 15); A. Ill, 7; scales HJ-
l:t-i;i; »\vo laif?*'. • i" htrnd. Hotly Hliort and <lL>op,(le(>])er than in //. purra,
ihr liiuk compicsHed and arclied; anterior inolilo very wtcrp and nearly
Htiiii^'lit from th»!i tip of tbo snont to the napu, thtu (^soniy (Convex; snout
lii^v and .Mhort but not obtUHO, itu lt!n<>'th in Hpeciiiiriis of niodorato si/o, 3
ill lifiid: mouth coniparativoly Hinall, the inaxiliiiry oKtciidinfr in adult
li.inly to front of pujjil, its b'ligtb 2k in boad ; lo\v«ir j.iw sligbtly incliubMl.
Tccili moderiitc, tbe i»OHterior t<'«'tb of lower Jaw larH:«st. Intt^rorbital
s|i;i(t^ convex, its widtb Hji in bead; preorbital ratbt-r deej), its least
imiiiltb .^> in bead; proopercle rather stronj^ly Herrato; tbe teetb near tbe
,iii;,'lt' larj;er and farther ai»art than tbe others. (Jill rakers rather small,
iiliipiit 7 4-1-* Scales rather larjje; those above lateral line somewhat
(iilariicd, notably larger than those below, and arrangi'd in very <>blii|Uo
.series; series of scales from seai)ular scale reaching fifth dorsal spine;
sdfl lins well sc-iled. Dorsal spines stout, tbo foiMth highest, 2 in bead;
Idiiiicst soft rays '^}^ in head ; njiper caudal lobe Ii, ; longest anal rays 2.} in
liciiil, reaching, when depressed, beyond tbe tip of tbe last rays, th(> free
margin of the lin straight; second anal spine longer and stronger than
tliiid, 2|'i, in bead, reaching, when depressed, nearly to the tip of tbe last
rii\ ; ventrais \h in bead; pectorals long, 1,',, in bead. Cidoration i>re-
(i.scly as in Ila-mulou parra and undergoing tbe same changes with age.
Ailiilt, in spirits, dull pearly grayish, light or dark, with a roundish dusky
l)l()l<li at base of each scale of back and sides, these not coalesccnt, but
loniiiiig dark interrui)ted lines in the direction of the rows of scales;
head unspotted, a black blotch under angle of jireopercle; (ins dusky
jfiayisli, tbe pectorals palest. In life, adult with the back bright yellow-
olive to opposite front of dorsal, the posterior half of body more or less

I'lii.s species is tlio Pacific reproseiitutivo of ncBmidon parra. It reaches .a similar
^i/.i>. is ei|ually aliiindant. and passes tliroii^li a ^<ilnilat' raii<;e of variations and coloration,
rill' iiiM.iority of the sjieeiiiiens known from Ma/.atlan and Panama have 11 dorsal spines
;iiid ( (Mies|)ond to Ilcoiiitloii tDiilec.imale of Sleindaciliner. Still olliers of tbeni have, how-
I'vcr, IJ dorsal spines, as in the oi'i^inal types of Jl. .scudiii'ri and Il.hrevirottrutii. We
;ire iiM.ilile to detect any other differences of niiportance anion;; these specimens, and refivr
;ill til ll.geiitlderi, regarding itas a sjieries with the uunilier of spines iuditlerenily 11 or
IJ. No other species of H(einiilon ever has fewer si»iiies thau 12.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

t

1.0

1.1

■u l&i 12.2
£ U£ 12.0

11.25 III 1.4

I

1.6

6"

Hiotograiiiic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(Tl 6) 872-4503

^\/^^

:-"A:'AK:''i';' '/

<v

Ih'-

m

1300 Bulletin 47, Untied States National Museiim,

abruptly Bteel-hino black ; vertical fins all blackish ; in some tbe wliole
body is greenish, in others only the anterior hiilf; l<>wer parts all Jiray;
most of those large ones show no traces of spots on scales; some show a
few spots; fins silvery, with gold above and below; mouth red within.
There is very great variation among individuals as in Umnul-m })arra,
some having small, sharply defined spots, some large spots, and oihors of
the same size none at all. Length I foot or less. Pacific eoast of tropical
America, fJuaymas to Panama; everywhere comnum, especially abont
rocks. Hero described from No. 2!)2S2, U.S.N.M., from Panama. (Named
t\}r Sanirul II. Scndder, the wtill-known entomologist, who made a
very carefnl study of these fishes while a student under Professor
Agassiz.)

Jftnitiiilon sevihJeri, GiLl-, Proc. Ac. N.at. Sci. Phila. 1802, 2.'>3, Cape San Lucas ((;(>11 ,

XiUituH); SiKiNDAciiNER, Ichth. Hoitr., ni, 18, 1875.
Iffrnuilonbreviroxtnim, GOntiiek, FiH'ics C^eiitr. Amor., 418, 1869, Panama.
Ihnnuliinvndenumlf, Steindaohneu, Ichtli. JJoitr., ui, 11, 187"), Acapulco; Panaira.
niahasisxiiiihlrrl. .ToiiDAN & (^.iLnKHT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miih. 1882, 3fil, C20.
llwmvUtn ficiidileii. iIokdan &. Swain, I. e., 2PC; Johdan * Feslek, I. c, 472.

ions. II KMUiiON CAKnONAKIlN, ]>noy.

(RoNCO (,'AKIIONEKO.)

Head 3; depth 2;^; eye large, 3J in head. I). XII, Ifi; A. Ill, 8; scales
7-55-11. Body oblong; the back not greatly elevated, the profile nearly
straight or slightly <'onvex from tip of snout to above eye, thence gibbous
to front of dorsal; snout short, moderately pointed, its length '^l in head ;
mouth not very large; the gape somewhat curved; the maxillary exten<l-
ing nearly or ((uite to front of pupil, its length 2| in head; lower Jaw
rather included. Teeth stiong, much as in II. aciuriis, but a little shorter.
Interorbital space ilattish, 4 in head ; preorbital moderate, its least breadth
() in bead; ])rcorbital finely but rather sharply serrate; gill rakers small,
9-f 11. Scales nioderate, those below lateral line anteriorly moderately
enlarged, their series nearly horizontal; series above lateral line very
obli()uo. Dorsal spines slender and high, tho fourth 1^ in head; longest
soft rays 3i ; upper caudal lob(! a little longer than lower, 1;! in head ; long-
est anal rays 21 in head, th&ir tips when depressed i;eaching beyond tip
of last ray; second anal spine strong, 2 in head, its tip reaching when
depressed about to tip of last soft ray; ventrals li in head; pectorals If.
Color in life, light bluish-gray, much as in //. jilumteri; body with 7 or 8
deep brassy-yellow stripes which are horizontal above, those below the
lateral line a little curved, following the rows of scales; stripes narrower
than interspaces of ground color; 3 stripes above b'teral line, 3 or 4 below,
the latter paler; little black under angle of prcopercle; caudal blackish-
yellowish at tip; soft dorsal, anal, and ventrals yellowish- gray, the distal
portion blackish; spinous dorsal bluish, deep yellow at base and edge: a
yellowish stripe ."xlong middle of fin ; pectoral plain, a yellowish bar across
its base; mouth deep red, its angle dusky. In spirits, grayish, more or
less shaded with dusky, the stripes rather faint orange-brown. A few
specimens of this species that we have examined have the ground color

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1301

iiiMch palor, till) yellow btiipes lighter, nnd the tinH all bri^lit yellow with-
out (Insky Hhiides. They probably represent a Vc^riatioii duo to the char-
iictcr of fjhe itottoui, and iire !ip]tiirently analogous to the t'orni of //. svin-
riin, \vhich has been called //. mulfilinetitum. I.eiigtii about 10 iacliea.
Hero described from Ilavana Hpeciiuens, !> inchcH in lougtli. WoHt Intlius
aud the Hennudas, south to Hra/il; v«)ry common at Havana, (varhoiia-
riiiH, coaly, in allusion to the common name.)

Hcnnulon carbonarinm, I'oKV, ^loiiiorias, ii, 17C, 1«0(), Cuba; I'dkv, SvitupsiH, ItlH, 186«;
JoKDAN & Swain, I. c,, 298; Jurimn & Fehi.ku, i.e., 471!.

1060. IIKMULON STKIM»A<'il.«KltI Monlan &. Gilbert).

(RON('AI)OK liAIAUo.)

lloadS; dt'i>th 2;;. D. XII, l»i; A.III,H; scaloa 7-.">0-ll Hody obl(.ng.
moderately compressed, the back stmiowhat elevated; the j)rolile from tlic
Hiiout to tho l»ase of the dorsal rather steep and straight, or siiglitly
convex; snout pointed, of moderate length, a little more than ;\ lengtli
of head; ventral outline little curved ; f;andal peduncle nearly twice as
long as deep, 'f, length of head; head rather long and pointed; mouMi
largo, little oldique, the iiremaxillary below lower border of eve; the
lower Jaw included; the maxillary 2 in head, reaching to op))osito niid-
cllo of ]»upil, its posterior portion extending behind the prcorbital
sheath. Teeth stroijg, in moderate bands, the outer series cn'argcd,
especially m the upper jaw and on the sides of Uie lower jaw. Chin with
a large pit and 2 i)ore8. Eye rather large, 4 in head, shorter than snout,
which is more than width of tho tiattish interorbital space, about i
wider than the moderate prcorbital; prcoporcie sharply serrate, its up-
right limb nearly straight. Gill rakers short and weak, about 15 on lower
part of arch. Scales moderate, those above lateral line in very obli<]ue
series, becoming horizontal jn the caudal ])oduncle, those below it in
horizontal series; vertical tins well-scah'd, the scaly sheaths of dorsal and
anal well develojied; scales on breast small. Dorsal iin rather higli, tlie
spines strong, the fourth or longest 2^ in head, about i longer than tho
soft rays; caudal short, moderately forked, the upper lobe sliglitly
tlie longer, ;■} head; second anal spine strong, 2; in head; much longer
tliiiii the third spine, which is shorter tlum tho soft rays; soft rays
of anal high, the tirst soft ray when depressed reaching almost to tip of
last ray much beyond the base of the last ray; ventral tins i length
of lu^ad, not reaching tips of ]»octorals, which are about ? longtii of
licad. Color in life, olivo or golden-brown, gohleu below, the edges
of the scales of back with brilliant bluish luster; ea'h scale on baik
and sides Avith a median pearly-bluish spot (much larger than the spots
in Lythruloii flavin nttatum), these forming very distinct stre.'il.s, having
the direction of the rows of scales; head brownish, unspotted; a largo,
distinct, round blackish blotch on end of caudal peduncle and base of
caudal fin, more distinct than in other species known to us; a distinct
Iduish-black vertical bar on lower anteiior i)art of opercle, partly concealed
i>y angle of preoi)ercle; tins all bright golden-yellow; veutrals and anal

f

'm^

1302 Bulletin ^7, United States National Afuseum.

not 'lark; peritoneum dnaky. Here <lo8cril)ed from No. 29;W7, IT. S.
N. M. Hoth coasts of tropical America; (iiiaymas to Pan.tma; St.
Lucia to Kio .laneiro; especially iibundani; about Mazatlan. A species
of Hmall size, ^touerally common on the Pacific coast of tropical America
and <m the southeast coast of Brazil, and a specimen before us was
taken by the Albafro.ia at St. Lii<ia. We have examined numerous
specimens from Mrazil in the Museum of Comparative Zooloj>y (from Rio
.'Mineiro, Kio Grande do Sul, Para, and Maranbao) and others from Aeapulco.
On comparing these wit,!i Pa<'ilic coast examples we lind uo difference.
This is probably not the original of the poorly figured //. mhranki of
Agassiz, which on the whole seems most likely to have been a faded
example of II. melauunim. (Named for Dr. Franz Steindachner, director
of the museum at Vienna, one of the most accurate and sagacious of
ichthyologists.)

jJiabatis tU'indachneii, J ORDAti &. (tILHEri-, Hull. U. S. Fish ('oiiim. 1881 (1882), 322, Pnn-
ama and Mazatlan (Types Kos. 20305 nnd 20387 (Panama), iiiicl 28172, etc. (Mazat-
lan). Coll. Gilbert.)

ITannulon eaudimaciila, SiEiNDArHNKR, Irlifh. lUitriifie, in, l.l, 1875; iio» of (;i'viku \
Vai.kncikxnks.

Iffemiilon uteindachneri, JoKDA.v Ac Swain, I. c. 290, 1884.

lleeiiiuloi) schraiiki, KvruMANN \- Jk.nkins, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Mum. 1801. 1.53; Johuan a
Feisleb, I. c, 473, 1893 ; nut of AoAssiz.

1»;0. lI.EHULO MKLANVUUH (Liiimcim).
(TENfOl'ANA.;

Head 3; depth 3. D. XII, 16; A. Ill, 8; scales 7-50-15. Kye moderate,
5 in head ; interorl)ital width 4 ; preorbital low, its least breadth 7 in head.
Gill rakers small, 8 + 13. Hody comparatively ehmgate, the back not
mnch elevated, the profile slightly convex from tip of snout to front of
eye, thence more convex to front of dorsal ; snout of moderate length,
rather ]>ointed, 2J in head; mouth rather large, the gai)e a little curved,
the maxillary reaching past front of pupil, its length 2 in head; teeth
moderate, those in front somewhat enlarged; antrorse teeth of posterior
part of Jaws not very large. Scales moderate, those aliove lateral line not
enliirged, their arrangement about as in H. nciuriis. Dorsal spines rather
slender, tho fourth 2^ in head; tipper caudal lobe the longer, 1^ in head;
longest anal rays 3 in head, their tips, when depressed, not extending
beyond last ray; second anal spine 2^^ to 2^ in head, reaching, when
depressed, rather beyond middle of last ray; ventrals If in head; pec-
torals 1^, not reaching past ventrals. Color in life, pearly gray ; back and
sides with about 10 horizontal stripes of golden yellow, narrower than
the interspaces of the ground color; snout above bluish-dusky; a dusky
stripe through eye from tip of snout to behind gill opening; a well-detined
black area on back and caudal tin, bounded below by an almost straight
line from first dorsal s])ibe to tip of lower caudal lobe; middle part of both
caudal lobes black, the edges gray; a black s])ot un<ler angle of preo-
percle; mouth within very red; pectorals, ventrals, and anal gray, not
yellow; soft dorsal dusky tihuig the base. West Indies; rather conimon

liiLt

Jordan and Evermaun. — Fishes of North America. 1303

;tt Havana and Houthwanl. It reach<'S a length of about a foot. Ilert)
(leserihed from Havana speciuiens. Others examined from St. Thomas,
Nassau, and Somhrero Key. (//<?'Aa?, bhu-k; oi'yjrt, tail.)

V,rea marina cauila lAijra (lUack tail), Catesiiv, Hist. Car., j)!. 7, flj;. 2, n4.!, Bahamas.
I',rca melanura, LiNN^;t'8, SvHt. Nail., x, 'Jit'J, 17r)8| xii, 48(1, 17(i'.i, Bahamas; bahi'd on

CATK8HY.

IlivmuUni Dchrauki, AoABsiz, Spix, IMsi-. Hrasil., I'Jl, pi. (in, <82i», Brazil.
Ihi-mulon domah; I'oKY, MeniDrias, ll, 17ii, lH(i(l, Cuba.

llii'iindim tnHaniiriiui. Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Sor. 1H7I, 471 : .Iohhan \- Swain, . c, ;iOO,
1884; Jordan \ Feslek, I. c. 473.

1071. ll.KMrLO.X N( Illtl S (SImw).

(YkLI.OW (iltUNT; Uo.NCO A-MAHU-I-G; liOAK (iUINT.)

Head 2}; depth 2?. D. XII, 16; A. 111,8; scales 7-153-11. Eye moderate,
I in heiid; intcrorbital space convex, 3i; in head; pieorbital moderate, its
li-ast breadth ()3 inhcad; preopcrcle finely serrate ; gill rakers small, about
lli-j-lT. Body obloug; the back not .specially elevated; the prolile nearly
straight or slightly concave from tii> of snout to before eye, thence a little
uilibous tw base of d.)rHal; snout moderately acute, 2^ in head. Mouth
1 irge, the gajjc curved, the nuixillary reaching a little past fnmt of pupil,
ifs length 2 in head; lower .jaw slightly included; teeth strong; upper
j:iw in front with .about 3 strong canines on each side, these stronger
ilian any of the other teeth; front loeth of lower jaw rather strong, as
also the antrorse teeth of the back part of both jaws. Scales moderat«*,
liiose al»ove lateral line not at all enlarged, arranged in oblique series,
those below in nearly horizontal ones. l)or.sal spines rather slender, the
loiirth longest, 2;Hn head; longest soft rays 4; Tipper caudal lobe longer
than lower, 1^ in head; longest anal rays 2i- in head, their tips, when
(l«l)re88ed, extending beyond the tips of the. last rays; second anal spine
stronger and longer than third, 2^ in head, its tip, when depressed, rea(;h-
iiiy, I)a8t the middle of the last ray; veutrals Ij in head; pectorals 1-'.
Color in life, deep brassy yellow, scarcely paler below or darker above;
luad and body with about 12 conspicuous slightly wavy, longitudinal
stripes of skj'-blue, deepest; on the snout, eac i with a very nsirrow edge
ot dusky olive; these stripes on the head curving upward below eye, the
first strijie below eye forking near the posterior margin of preoperde and
inclosing an oblong area of the ground color; iris gilt, a dark spot under
tli(5 angle of preoperclc; spinous dorsal edged and shaded with yellowish,
i\. membrane mostly bluish; soft dorsal yellowish; caudal yellowish,
broadly dnsky at base, the degree of this duskiness being variable; mouth
(Itep orange within; pectorals pale yellowish; anal and veutrals deei)er
yellowish ; the young have more yellow on fins and less <m body, with
traces of a dark caudal spot. The coloration becomes fainter in spirits,
the blue lines becoming gray. Her*; described from examples from Key
West, 10 inches in length. Specimens from Cuba are slightly darker,
lint not otherwise diiFcrent. Among them are 2 which evidently corre-
spond to IT. multilineatum of Poey. These, in life, showed the following
coloration: Clear bright yellow, with l)ra8sy tinge, the stripes clear
sky-blue, without darker edge; iris yellow, no black at base of caudal;

I ) I

V

I Si;;:

I? ■:

t! 1

f I

1 , 1

ll '

' - i

1304 Bu/Mi'n ^7, UnUed States National Museum.

month dvei> rod, no black unilor auj^^lt) of prco|)i;rclo; iiiis y(;llow; jtec-
torals and vuntrals little yellow. Color in life notalily ditrureut from
that of //. «oturH«, but the diireronco consiHts rually in the abueiice of
dusky ishadiiig and disappuarH entirely in HpiritH, thesu HpucimouH being
now Hcarcoly diotingiiiHliable from the ordinary //. HciiiruH. Went IndioH;
Florida Keys to Brazil; everywhere coininon in the West IndicH; a hand-
Honie specioB, reaching a length of IH ii.ches. (tieiuriis, Hi|uirr«-1, front the
grunting noise of Viplevtrum J'ormoaiim, with which Hpccies it was early
confounded).

Anthins /onudsuii, Hi.orii, lohthyol., ]il. 32;i, 1700, Antilles;' net I'erca /orinom, LlNN^KUs,

with which it is iilcntilieil; thr hitlt-r im Oijilcetnun/urtiiohtiui.
Spanm uciuruK, Shaw, Gmutrul '/moIo^v, iv, jil. 04, 18011, Antilles; basoU on tho <le8cri|i

tioiitiud fl^uro (if liLi It'll.
llainulon cleyans, CrviKK, Kt'-giiu Animal, Ed. 2, II, 175, 1829; iiii deHCriptioii; baHud on

tho ligure by Blocu; Cuvikk &. Vai.kncienne.><, Hint. Nut. roiss, v, 227, 1830; GCn

TIIKK, Cat,, I, 300.
?IHabasix obliipiahin,* HKN.VE'rr, Zoohitfical Journal London, v, 1835, !)(), Jamaica. Hliu^

stripes on body Huid to be obliqui', tho diacriiition not cori'i'8iioudiiiK fully to tliis or

any other known HjiovioH.
f Uivimtlon nviiUn, Casticlnau, Auini. Noni. KaruH, II, 185,'i, Bahia; doHcription very inipor

foot.
Uccmulon luteum, PoEY, Moinorias, ii, 174, 1800, Cuba.
lliviHulon niultiUneatum, 1'oey, Memoriae, n, 178, 18(iO, Cuba.
Uwmuliin hiann, IIai.y, Ann. Nat. Hist., .\v, 1875, 208, sjiocinicn t'roni .Vspinwull.
Diabasiii eleijuns, Juudan iV, (iii.UKUT, Syuoimis, 923.

nauniiloH xciitrus, Jordan, I'roc. 11. S. Nat. Mns 1884, 120; Jobdan ii. .SwAii;, I. c, 301.
Ilixmulun nciurui, Juudan ic Fesleu, I. c, 474, 1893.

1672. il.K.Mi;LON I'LI'MIKKI (LmupMi).

(Common OuuNT; KoncoKonco; ItoNco ArabA.)

Head 2,ij; depth 2^ ; eye small, 5 to 6 in head. 1>. XII, l(i; A. Ill, H;
scales 5-50-17. IJody moderately elongate, the back elc.vate<l and some
what compressed ; head long, thc! snout sharp and projecting, its length L",
in head; anterior profile more or less S-shiiped, nearly straight from tip of
snout to before eye, there concave, and thence gibbcms to the front ol
dorsal, old specimens having the nape more gibbous than young ones.

* The Ciillowiim is Bennett's dencription ol'-

" IHahasin nbliiivatuK. — Diabasis jlavenceiis, cnpito vittis cn-ruh'ia duoderim, corpoi(>
linoiH cuTuleis obliqnis nnnieroHi.<). Dornal {s; iiei-toral 10; ventral },; anal j-', ; caiidiil
10. On ii yeUowish, somewhat fuseouH, grountl (perhaps altered by the spirit, in wliicli
the specimen has been immersed lor about three months) ; the markings art* pale blue, in
numerous vittie; those on the head and opercula, which are somewhat broader and men
deejily etdoured than those of the body, are nearly lon^^itudinal. about twelve in niiniber:
tho.se "of the, body are obli(|ue, directed upward 'and backward. Tho latter are forraeil
bylines pa.ssing across tho middle of each scale, and areconseiiuently inimerous, not les-i
than sixteen or seventeoii being crosned by a line drawn from tho.junction of the simioiis
and soft portions of tho dorsal fin to tho belly in front of the anus. On the tail, behiml
the dorsal and anal tins, the markings become longit udinal, in about nine rows. Tlu* fins
especially their seal , soft portions, are more fuscous than the body; into these the mark
ings do iiot extend. The lateral line, dellt'cted opposite to the extremity of the d(ir.s;il
(in, is yellow, and is accompanied below by a blue line; a similar line, but more distiml
passes along its upper edge. The caudal tin is forked ; the spines of the dorsal are lilii
nutntous. The front and extreme teeth in each Jaw, especially in the upi»er, iire lon;;t r
and stronger than the other.s, .and are somewhat hooked, a variance from the gcuorii
murk 'dents on velours' indicated by M. Cuvier,"

Mouth V

front of

strong, i

f.'tth of

i in lieac

(innly ser

al)ov«) lat

very oblii

Donsa) i

ill head;

tlicir tips,

■ni;il spint

'It'lMosHed,

loraJ.s U.

i'loii/e, till

(Ilia color 1

■Ulterior re,

ippjirently

many uarn

liiirizonta],

■■il.-^o tJiese Ii

■iioiitli deep

liar on ojien

ii.irrowyelJc

"ithynllow

•^•^•|t.' pect(

fii'ii in the

ailiilt in coL

«l">t. The c(

'"•lies; abun

•Icscrilied fro

•'xcellonco of

on tho ( 'aroli

tlic amount tj

I'oniliinod. ^

fli"' most aim
'•'"gtb, althou
lary-f* grunts
Ciivier's ffami
i^i "ho sent dr

"'lal.i coara brasi
/VivH marina cap

'"'"■'"' plumieri,

'■"I'.v of a drav

^"■»i"lon/orino.n

*'''il-,i,305,185i)

'f'Ci'uiiun arcuatu,

South Carolini

3030 5

: X

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 1305

Mouth verv l:ii"K*'> t^® B'^P*' curved; maxillary roachiiij? to a little iM^j'ond
(ront of t.,,e, its length IJinht-ad; lower Jaw Hli}j;htly included. Teeth
•strong, in rather br(»ad bands, thoHc of the outer series enlarged; autrorse
tofth of posterior part of both Jaws strong. Interorbital space convex,
I in head; prcorbital rather deep, its least breadth «iin head; preopercle
tiimlv serrate Gill rakers small, about 12-f 1">. Scales rather largo, those
above lateral line anteriorly very much enlarged, arranged in irregular and
very oblique series, those below also oltliipie.

Dorsal spines stout, the fourth longest, 2;( i i head; Icmgest soft rays 3J
ill head; caudal lobes subequal, 2 in head; longest anal rays 2,1 in head,
their tips, when depressed, about reaching tijts of the last rays; second
uiial spine longer and stronger than third, 2.^ iu head, its tip, when
i|(>]iressed, at least reaching middle of last ray; ventrals \\ iu head; ])ec-
iiirals U. Color in life bluish-gray, the base of the scales above bright
liroiize, tinged Avith olive; bases of scales below lateral line also bronze,
this color forming very oblique stripes, running upward and backward;
.Ulterior region above lateral lino with 3 or 4 sky-blue stripes, ill-doliued,
:i|iparently continuations of stripes of head; head golden-bronze, with
iiKiuy narrow stripes of deep clear blue, as if ]>aiutcd on, these nearly
luuizontal, except before eye, where a few curved ones cross the forehead;
iilso these lines curve slightly upward below eye. I^ips dusky; inside of
iiKiiith deep orange, bordered anteriorly on the jaws by yellow; a greenish
liiir on opercle partly concealed by the preopercle; dorsal grayish, with a
ii;iin)w yellow'edgc on spinous portion ; caudal plain gray ; anal gray, tinged
with yellow ; ventrals gr.ay, with a clear blue luster which distippears after
(le.it? pectorals gray, a dusky bar at base. There is considerable varia.
tiiiu in the depth of color iu this species. The young is similar to the
adult in color, but has traces of two lateral bands and a dusky caudal
spot. The color in spirits differs only in the blue becoming dusky. West
Inilies; abundant from Cape llatteras to Rio Janeiro on sandy shores; here
described from Key West specimens. This species is the "Crunt" par
excellence of our South Atlantic coast. It is not rare in West Florida and
on till! ( 'arolina coast, while at Key West it is the most abundant food-tish,
the iummnt taken during the year exceeding that of all other shore species
citiiibined. At Havana it is i)roportionally much less common, though still
the most abundant of its genus. It does not usually exceed -o. foot in
iciijrth, although individua'^ 18 inches long are sometimes taken. These
liiruc grunts have the l)ack and nape more elevated, and correspond to
Cuvier's Ihvmxihm arcuatiim. (Named for Father Plumier, an early natural-
ist who sent drawings of the (ishes of Martinique to the museums of Europe.)

ihial'i c(iara bratilieniiibuii, MakcohAve, Hist. Hrasil., 163, 1648, Brazil.

/V/('(( marina capite gtriato {the Grunt), Catesbv, Ilist. Carolina, pi. 6, 174;t, Bahamas,

I'tC.

l.iibniK plumieri, LAC6Pf:DE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ni, 480, pi. 2, lig. 2, 1802, Martinique; on a

cciiiy of a drawing by 1'lumiek.
no'midun forinoguni, Cuvier, Rognc Animal, Kil. 2, li, 175, 1829, Martinique; OCxtheu,

Cat., 1, 305, 1859; not Perca fonnof>a of Linn.eus.
H(emi(ii,n arcuatum, CuviEK & Valenciennes, Uiat. Nat. Foiss., ix, 481, 1833, Charleston,

South Carolina.
3030 5

ii

•■ V

1306 nuUcthi ^7, 1 hit ted States National I\ fit scum.

ITeemulon arara, 1'OBV, MonioriaH, li, 177, 1860, Cuba.

IlcBtniiliin subarcuatum, I'oky, MciiioriiiH, ii, 410, 1860, Cuba; ii Hpnnimitii with Itluc baiiiU

on nntcrior lialf uf liciid only.
Jhabaniiplumitii, JonnAN & (lii.iiEKT, Troc. 1'. S. Nat. Mum. 1882, 603; Jordan & (Jii,-

HKHT, Syii(ri>MiH, 871.
Ilcevmlnn jdumirri, .T()RI)AN Sl (ilMlKltr, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mum. 1884, 120; Jiiiiuan A

Swain, {, c, a03; Joudan &. Frslick, I. c, 47.'>.

'M:

Mil

107S. llvKMI'LON KLAVOIilNKATlIM (DoHmaroHt).

(French (Irvnt; Opkn-moutiied ('iRitni ; Ko.nco (Jondenaik).)

Head 3; depth 2}. D.XII, 11; A. 111,8; scales <{-r>0-ll. p:ye Inrge, :il
in houd; intororbital width :U ; proorbital low, its least width 7^ in head.
Prcopercle rather evenly and sharply serrate; j^ill rakers very small, about
8-J-13. Body oblonj^-ovate, comparatively deep and comprijssed ; hack
somewhat elevated; anterior profile nearly straight from the tip of thf
snout to the nape, thence gently <'onvex; snout rather short, acute, its
lenf;tli 3 in head. Mouth not very large, the gape curved ; maxillary reach-
ing about to opposite front of the pupil, its length 2^ in head. Teeth ot
moderate size, the outer enlarged; antrorse teeth in the posterior ])art of
each Jaw considerably enharged; those of the upiterjaw caninelike, larger
than any of the other teeth. Scales large; those of the anterior and mid-
dle parts of the body, down to the level of the lower part of ])ectorjil,
much enlarged, having nearly double the depth of the s<-ales above lateral
line; rows above lateral line running very obliquely ujtward and back-
ward; those below somewhat wavy, most of them forming a curve witli
the convexity downward and backward. Dorsal spines moderate, tlie
fourth 2 in head ; upper caudal lobe \> ; longest anal rays 2i in head, their
tips extending, when depressed, beyond the tip of the last ray ; second anal
spiue much longer and stronger than third, 2 in head, its tip, when
depressed, reaching nearly to tip of last ray; ventrals 1? in head; pec-
torals narrow and long reaching to vent, IJ. Color in life, light bluish-gray
as ground color. A bronze-yellow spot on the upper ])art of each scale
these forming ccmtinuous undulating stripes on the whole body and head,
wider than the interspaces of the ground color; on caudal pedtincle they
are nearly straight; on anterior part of the body below lateral line thty
are broader and very oblique. A horizontal stripe, crossing tbe others,
runs along the side of back from occiput to last rays of soft dorsal, of the
same golden-yellow; yellow around eye; yellow shades and streaks (in
cheeks, not strongly marked as in //. »ciHr«« and H.plumieri; yellow 8tri]ic8
on top of head; angle of mouth black, inside brick-red; a large black blot( h
under angle of preopercle; fins bright golden-yellow, the pectoral and
spinous dorsal paler. In spirits the ground color becomes grayish and tiic
stripes brownish or dusky. Length afoot. West Indies; Florida Keys
and Bermudas to Brazil; rare in Florida, common in the West Indies; (nic
of the most strongly marked species. Here described from Havana speci-
mens, (flavua, yellow; lineatns, marked with lines.)

Diabaiis jtavolineatus, Desmarest, Prem. Decade Icbth., 35, pi. 2, flg. 1, 1823, Cuba.
Hmmvhm heterodon, CuviEU, Kt>gne Animal, Kd. 2, n, 176, 1829, Cuba; based on Diabase
rayee of Desmabest; Ccviek &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poias., v, 255, 1830.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1307

llifiiiulon xanthoptfron, Cuviku A Valknoiennkh, UlHt. Nut. ToiHs., v, Mi, IKIO,

Martinique.
riirmulcn xaiithoptcmm, OCNTiiKn, Cat., i, .112, 18:)0.
Ilirmiiloii jtafolinedlum, Poky, lU'pi-rtorio, i, 309, 1807; .loiiDAN iV Kb.mler, I. e., 476;

joKDAN & Swain, l.e., 305.

538. BRACHYGENYS. Sciuldor.
I!iach!/g'ii!i» (SrUDPEK MS.) PoKY, SviioiisIh PiHcium (.'iibiMmiimi, :ilO, 1808 {fwniatum).

'I'liis ^eiins (litVerH from Ihvmiilon in the hiiiiiU inontli iintl Hl«ii<Iei' body,
tlio (rlet't of the mouth heiiiK Ic'^^* thtin ^ hoail, the Hiioiit vory nhort, tho
frontal foramina sojtarate, )»lac<Ml Homo diHtance before the very short
siipraoccipital crest. Jaws red within. One Hpoci«'H known, (/ipa^t'?,
.short; yft'v?, rhin.)

1074. liRAniYOKNYH niRYSAROYItKlIK (Ciinthor).

Head .'{!, ; deptli 3! to 3f ; eye very hirge, 3. I). XII, 14; A. Ill, 9; scalos
7-52-13. B(»dy more elongate than in any of the other specicH, except //.
aiirolintatiim, moderately compresBed, the back little elevat«Hl, the profile
ronning a weak bnt nearly regular curve fi.)m in front of eyes to dorsal;
liofore the eyes is a slight angle an<l the profile of the snout is rather
more steep; snout very short and obtuse, its length 3| in head; mouth
\ try small for the genus, smaller than in any other species, its gape but
little curved; maxillary reaching a little past front of eye, its length 3^
ill head; teeth weaker than in any other of our species, the posterior
tct'tli scarcely enlarged; interorbitul space broad, convex, its breadth 4
in head; preorbital very low, its least breadth 7i in head. Prcoporcle
evenly and rather sharply serrate. (Jill rakers small, H -f- 15. Scales small,
very regularly arranged, those above lateral line in very obli(|ue series,
thoHu below in horizontal series. Dorsal s])iiies slender and high, the
I'ouith \'i in head; upper caudal lobe 1; posterior of anal con<"ave, longest
r;i.vs 2 in head, their tips not nearly reaching, when depressed, to the tips
of the last :ays; second anal spine short and weak, 2'i in head, not bmger
tliau third, and but little stronger, its tip, when depressed, reaching to
li.me of the median soft rays and not to the tip of the third spine ; ventrals
1; in head; pectorals l^; frontal forami 11:1 separate, some distance before
tlie very low siipraoccipital crest. Color in life, bluish a)»ove, white below,
sides with 5 stripes of clear bronze-orange, 4 most distinct, all of e([ual
width, about half pupil ; a median stripe from middle of interorbital 8pa<-e
to dorsal; the next pair from tip of snout above to last rays of dorsab
liicoiuiug median on caudal peduncle; 1 from uoatrM above eye to below
last rays of soft dorsal; 1 through snout and eye, straight to base of
(aiidal; 1 below eye to lower part of caudal; a very faint one from angle
1)1' mouth and along lower part of sitles; axil slightly dusky ; tins all light
orange-yellow, unmarked; dorsal and anal with very narrow dusky edge;
no trace of dark caudal spot; mouth pale reddish within in young, light
orange in adults. In spirits the body and head are bluish-silvery. This
little lisli^ the smallest of the group, is abundant both at Key West and

r¥

f '

130iS nuUclin f/, Ihiitcd States National J\fuscintt.

Havana. None of the HpeciuiutiH Hf^en oxceeda H iuchos in length. It
(litt'ors from tho othurH in the lesH dovolopnioiit of tliu cavornoiiH structiire
of tho sknll, thu foramina on th« frontal rugi(m being iuconHi)icuou8.
(Xfivduf, no\d; lifjyvfjeoi, Hilvur.)

llamulon ehrynarni/reinn, (iCNTiiEU, Cat., I, 1114, 18.TO, Trinidad.
Hivmulon ttetiiatuin, I'oKY, MitnioriuH, ii, \W1, IHUO, Cuba; youug.
Jinichijueiii/i tti'niata, I'oKY, Knninoriitio, 47, IHlH.
Ilannulon fhrimaroyreum, Jokdan & Vkhlku, I. c, 476.

539. BATHYSTOMA, Hcudder.
(Tom Tatks.)

1^'

1 !

1'

*

^ <<■;:

'I ;

liathiintoma (ScrDUEh MS.) Putnam, Kull. Mim. L'omp. Zool., i, 12, 1803 (Jenigttano, etc.) -,
no dvtiiiitioii.

This genus differH fron) Jfiviniilon in tho prcBcnco of 13 dorsal spines;
body rather elongate; gill rakers rather nunierona, 12 to 18 on lower part
of anterior arch; mouth moderate; scales small; frontal foramina long,
divided slits in front of the Hupraoccipital creNt. Jaws red within.
(/JaQvi, low; drojtia, mouth.)

a. Mouth liirgo, tho luuxilhtry roaching middle of oyo, its l<>n);th about ) bond; gill
raltei'H rathtT Hhorl and few; Hcalos inodorntc, 50 to 55 in tlic lateral line; neoond
anal Hpini* si'arcely larger or longer tlian third, 2J or more in liead.
b. ISody oblong, the back nioderatcly elevated, the dopth 23 to 3 in length.

BIMATOH, 1675.
bl). It(Mty Bubfusit'orm, the back little elevated, the depth 3J to 3} in length.

AUEOI.I.NBATU.M, 1676.

aa. Mouth rather aniall, tho maxillary not reaching to opponite niiddlo of eye, itH
length not quite J head; gill raker.s nnnicrods, ratlier long; ncales small,
about 70 in Literal line; sot^ond anal spine notably longer and larger than third;
body more elongate than in other species, depth about 3j^ in length.

STRIATUM, 1677.

1»75. HATIIVfSTOMA ltl.MAT(Ht (Jordan & Swain).
(Tom Tate; KKD-MOtvrU (JUUNT; C.ksau.)

Head 2^; depth 2?, ; <'ye rather large, 4^ in head; interorbital space con-
vex, 3J in head; preorbital low, its least breadth H in head. Gill rakers
small, about 11+16. D. XIII, 15; A. Ill, 8; scales 8-51-13. Body rather
elongate but not fusiform, the back somewhat elevated, the protile straight
or slightly convex from tip of snout to behind eye, when,' it becomes grad-
ually more convex; snout short, rather pointed, about 3 in head. Mouth
large, the maxillary reaching middle of pupil, its length 2 in head. Teeth
not very strong, those of the outer series a little enlarged, the antrorcs
posterior teeth rather large. Scales rather small, those above lateral line
regularly arranged in oblique scries, the series below nearly horizontal.
Dorsal spines slender and high, the fourth 2 to 2^ in head; upper caudal
lobe 1^ in head; longest anal rays 3 in head, their tips not reaching tips of

M 1

Jordan and F.vtrmann. — Fishes of North AtnerUa.

1309

liiHt rayH when dopreHHod ; necond a.iul spiiio but littlo loii);i*r than tliird,
L'fi, in heiid, thn two iiion^ nearly ofiiial than iihiiuI in tliJH ^nntiH, tlittir tipH,
\vliond<tpriiHH«Ml, r*'ii('hin)( niitldioof liiNt itiy ; ventralK Ijl in lioiul; p(M!t<iriilN
II, thi'ir tipH nut roacliin^ pant tipH of vi>ntruls. Frontiil foraniinii aH in
iiIIht Npt^cioHof thur<iib)r«MniH HittliifHtoma, lon^ divided NlitH in front of Mic
siipraorcipital irt-st. Color in life, nilvory \vhit<', Bli;rhtly blniHli ubovo,
witli iridt'soont nttlrctionH; fd^oH of HcaluH of body li^ht ytdiow, thcHO
I'lirniin^' continnonH light yollow lines, those below lateral line horizontal,
tlioHe iiliove very obli(ine; beHides thoHo, a narrow eontinncniH Htreak of
li;;lit yellow above lateral line, from head to end of Hoft dorsal, and another
tioni eyo to middle of ca<idal; head silvery.yjdlowish above; innide of
iiiDiith red; no b]a<-k nnder preojiercle; traceN of black blotch at baHu of
cainlal; hnscidorleHS, the lower slij^htly yellowinh. Yonnjjaro li|rbtt>liva-
ceoiiH, yrayiHh-Hilvery below; a dark bron/e band, narrower than pnpil,
<liu°kest in the youn]L;er Hpeciinen from snont thron^h eye straight to ba8e
of caudal; above this, 2 or ',i dark streaks, the middle one most dis-
tiiK^t. from eye to above );ill opening; another, begini.ing on top of sn«mt
on each side, ])assing above eye, and extending ])arallel with the thst-men-
liontd strijie straight to last ray of dorsal, where it inoets its fellow of the
o|i)iosite side; a dark streak from tip of gncMit along median line to front
of dorsal; a large rounded black blotch at base of caudal, somewhat
obscure dusky shading below soft dorsal and at base of pectoral; tins all
idain. upper slightly dusky; anal nearly white; pectoials, caudal, and
\cntrals light yellow; lining of operclo plain orange; inside of month
.scarlet. In the largo specimen {ok inches l(»ng) the dark stripes are fainter,
]ialcr, and more yellowish ; several fainter bands occur between the broader
ones, and faint oblique streaks of light bron/e follow the rows of scales,
tiiose above lateral line oblique. Inspirits the adult is plain silvery. West
Indies; Cape Hatteras to Trinidad; apparently more abundant on our
South Atlantic coast than southward; not seen at Havana. Abundant
ul>i>iit Charleston, South Carolina, where it is one of the most abundant
lood-fishes. About Pensacola and Key West the adult are less numerous,
but at the latter place the young swarm everywhere about the wharves
unci shores, (rimator, inquirer, in allusion to the inquisitive habits of the
young, which swarm about the wharves, nibbling bait intended for larger
lishes.)

Iliriiiiilon rimator, Jordan &. Swain, T'roc. U. S. Nat. ^fus. 1H84, 308, Charleston; Key
West; Pensacola; Joboan & Fesler, I. c, 477.

Ilii'DiiiUiu cliryKopteron, Cuvikr ..t VAi.ENriEXNES, Hist. Nat. I'olss., v, 240, 1830, bronglit
liy MillHirt from New York; crroiiooualy idoiitiliecl with Perca chrytoptera, LimwuH,
wliich i8 an Orthopri»ti».

Iliimulon chrijaopterum, GCnther, Cat., I, 313, 1859.

Ild'iniilnn quadrilineatum, IIOLBROOK, Icbth. S. Car., 195, I860; not ofCuviER* Valen-
ciennes.

Iliiiindon f caudimacula, Poey, Synopsis, 47, 1875; not of Cuvieb J«^ Valenciennes.

Iliniiulo)) parnv, I'oev, Enunieratio, 47, 1875; not Z>ia6a«i«i)«rro, Desmarest.

Piahasig anrolineatus, Jordan & (Iu.iiebt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 276,307; Jordan \
('•iLiiERT, Synopsis, 97H ; not llcemulon auroUneattim, Cuvieb &. Valenciennes.

IHahanis chrysopierus, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 553.

1310 nullt'liu /7, United States National Museum.

IA7A. ItATIIVMTONA AHiiOIJMKATIM (i'iivii<r\ Vnlemli nu(M).

(.IknIoiano.)

Ilotullt; (i(>pt1i !<•' ; «iyo Inr^r, ;t'{ in IioimI; intnrorliiliil Hpitrt* roiiv«>x, itfi
uiilth ( ill liuiul; |)i-uorl>ittil vttry low, itH li-iiHt liifiiiltli about 7 in lii-iul.
(•ill rukoTH Niiiiill, iihoiit 12 on ]ow«)i' pitrt of iircli. I). XIII, 15; A. Ill, K;
scaluH S-r>l-i:{. Hoily <'oiiipr<-HN<'<l, rnNit'onii, tlio liark not i'lt'vat<><l; tlio
prolil<« foriiiin^ a weak Ixit nearly r(>);iilar ciirvi' froni tli<^ lip ol' tli«t Niiout
to the Irunr of tho ihtrHal; Hiioiit hIiui-I, nioilfratoly pointed,:! in lirad;
nioiitli lai-f^u, curved, tli*- iiiaxillaiy reat'hinj; to Kli^litly lifyoiid middle of
pupil, itH lenjftli \\ in head. Teeth iiot vny Htroii^, ahout aH in //. rimator.
Si'aleH rather Nniall, arranged about aH in ti. rimator. Dorsal npineH
Hleiider, rather hi^li, the fourth 2^ in liead; uppi-r caudal lobe \\ in
head; lungent anal rayn 2;^ in head, their tips not reaihin^ nearly to tips
of lant rayn; Hccond anal Hpino not vt-ry much hmger than third, about:!
ill head, rea<'hiii)r, when tleprcHHctl, little paMt the Itane of the hint ray;
ventralH I* in head; pectorala Ij, th«-ir tipH reaching Hlightly beyond
tipH of ventralH. Color in life, dusky gray, with 7 or M yell«»w lon-
gitudinal streakH, the one through eye wideHt; mouth very re«l ; no
duaky spot under the angle of preopercle; tiiiMgray; dorsal scarcely yel-
lowish. In spirits the vertical tins and snout are Homowhat dusky; the
paired tins are grayish, the golden stripes faint. Length 6 to 8 inches.
Here descriiteil from Havana specimens. West Indies; Fhirida Keys to
Hra/il; very abundant at Havana, where it is often brought into the
market. It is smaller in sixe than any other of this or related genera
except lirachj/deni/i* chrifmrgi/reiim. It has l»et:i taken at (iarden Key, Fla.,
but was not observed at Key W;)st. (««/•«»«, gold; lineatuii, atTi])ed,)

lliemulon auroUnmtum, CrviEit & Vai.encib.nnks, lliHt. Nat. I'oisH., v, 2:i7, 1830, Brazil;

San Domingo; .Iuudan &. I-'EShKR, 2. r., 478.
lleemulon jini<jnano,VoK\', Mt<iii(niaH,n , 183, 180(i, Cuba; •luUDAN & GlLitEUT, Syuopsis,

02.'i.
Hcemulon aurolineatum, (iilNTiiKU, (Jut., i, :tl8, 1859.

1»77. ltATIIYSTO.MA STKIATI M (LiimwiiH).

(White (Jrunt.)

Head 3} ; depth 3i ; eye large, 'Ai, in head. 1). XIII, 13; A. Ill, 7; scales
7-70-18. liody elongate, fusiform, more slender than in any other uf the
species, the back little elevated, not much compressed, the anterior pro-
lile gently convex, not steep. Head small, the snout short and not very
acute, its length 3^ iu head; mouth comparatively small, smaller than in
li. auroHnealum, the maxillary extending to beyond front of pupil, its

* We have adopted the name aurolineatum for this species, and uot for B. rimaUrr, on
the Htreiigth of tho following iicciiunt of lliu typical specimen of liathyttoma aurolinea-
tum received from I>r. II. E. Sauvftfie, of the iiuiHeuin at Paris.

Hcemtilon aurulim:atum, Brazil, Delalaiide, type. Length of the body, 0.220 in. ; i.-'iglit
of body, 0.0.55 in ; length of the head, 0.60 m'. Height of the body contained nearly 4
timed in the total length, and '.i^ without the caudal.

As the description of Ciivier &. ValeniMennes agrees in other respects equally well with
either species, the above inenHnrements leave no doubt of the identity of their typo wilii
J{.Jenitfuaiio. ntithi/ntnma riinalur, young or old, is never sc slender aa the above lueau-
ureuienta would indicate.

Jordan mid /urtmatni. — Fisfus of Xortfi .Imtrita. l.'Ul

li'uutl) 'i\ '" iH'iid. Ttuttli iiitlior Hinall, tito oiiloi' iiiid poHtorior u littlt<
.■iiliirK"*! ; l<»w«<r Jaw Hli^liMy iniliidrtl. I'rrorltitiil iiurrow, iIh \\n\M
liiiMiltli !* iit Ixail ; iiit(<r<irliitiil Hparo Itioiul, coiivrx, itH width '1% in head;
iii»Mi|M'irli- iiio<lt'iattd,v wirati'. (Sill lakt-iH iiinrli liin)(<!r and nioro ihimht-
iHiM than ill /'• auioliiieutnm and otht^r H)M>«-it>H, aiioiit IH on lower part oi
:ii>ti-rior iirt'h, th» lonu^Nt ^ li<uHt dopth of pnorldtal. ScidrH notably
>iii:ilUu' than in any othur Hpu<-i<m of tho ;;(uinH, tlnmo aliovo lateral lin<^ in
mtv ohli<|n() HiM'iuH, thoait htdow iiKntt nt^irly hori/.outal, and iiono of
tliini Mpi'cially rnlai'Kud; Hot't Hiih Hcaly, uh nHual. Dornal HpinoH m1«ui-
,\fi\ ratJKtr low, tht< fourth o" lon^t'Ht 2-[\, in hca<l; Hoft dorHul loii)'; and
|i)s\ , thi> loiiKi'st ray 3{ in httad ; caudal tiruply forked, tho upper lobe 1 1'„ in
|i(-ad; unal rather low and Hinall, itH lon^eHt ray8i{|.in head, not reaching;,
wlion deprcHHcd, to the tip of the luHt rayn; Hucoiid iinal Hpine notably
liiii^ni' and ntroii^er than third, 2-i in head, reaching, when depreHHed, a
|iitlt> paHt bane of last ray; v- ntralH I'i in head; pectoraln !)(. Color in
spirits pe:irly ^ray, with eontinnooH brown stieakH (^'olden in life\ 1 on
i!it' median line above from tip of snout to dorual, i on each Hi<h) of top
(if head aixive eye, 3 of these extending; on the body, but only the nueond
I'lintiuMoiiH, thiH very diHtinet unit reaching last ray of dorsal; below
tlicse, 2 extending backward from eye, the npperinoHt diHtiuet anteriorly,
riiiliiiK l)ehind, the lowent fading anteriorly; beh)w this traceB of another
iliisky stripe; there are thuH 3 or 4 diHtinet longitu<lii<al streakH on body,
wilii '2 or :{ tainter ouen; tins pale, probably yellowish in life. This is
iiiif of tho smaller speeieH, probably never exceeding u foot in length. It
is ailird to /f. aiirolineatuiii and //. rimator, but deviateH from the ordinary
lldllniHtoma type more than either of thoHO. Here descrilted from No. [)H'M,
r. S. N. M., sent by I'oey from Cuba. Went Indies; Uermudas to Ura/il;
not coinnion. {BtriatiiH, striped.)

Cilii'iitiahraxilieniiibut, Maucokavk, tlJHt. liraHil., 155,1048, Brazil.

f.ifu striata, Linn^kus, Synt. Nut., Kd. .\, 2X1, 175H, North America.

Cnniimixlft trivittalu*, lii.ocH & SciiNBiDiCK, HyMt. Ichth., 188, 1801, Brazil; on the ilt'Hcri|i-

tioii of Maiu'okavk.
Siirainii eapeiina, LuiiTENSTElN, Abliuiull. Herliii Aku<l. 1821, 28t), Brazil; on tho doMcriii-

linn ot Makciikavb.
ll,ii,iiitoH tiuadrilinealttm, Cuvikr &. Vai.knciennks, Hint. Nat. I'oiHs., v, 2;!8, pi. 120,

18110, San Domingo; (JI'stheu, Cut., i, aiO; I'oey, Kepertorio, i, :ilO, 18«7i ii, 1(11;

.riiuiiAN \- Swain, I.e., ;ill.
IhriiniUiii (iKin'/udineatiiin, ToEV, Mcinorias, ii, 419, 1860, Cuba.
Ilifiiitiliin eapeuna, CuviElt, lU'gne Auiiuol, K«l. 2, u, 170, 1820; no ili-Hcription ; afl<r

Maui (iiiave.
llivmiiUim eai>euntt, (JoooE, Hull. V . S. Nat. Miis., v, ,53, 1870.
/'irf/>a.v(,v >rtvi<^<ft(*, Jordan iV (iiLHEUT, Syuopsia, 554; i^rroueouHly aHuril>e<l, tti'tur Hoi.-

iiKDoK, lo tho Carolina t'aiinn.
Ilniiuilun atriatum, FoBUAN &. Fkslkk, I. c, 479.

540. LYTHRULON, Jordan & Swain.

I.tilhrtilon, iToudan \ SwAiN, I'roc. 1". S. Nat. Mus. 1884,287 (flav'ujuttatinn).

This genus is closely allied to Jlwmulott, (littering in the short snout,
hi;;l> supraoccipital crcHt, obliiiue mouth, and increased number of gill
rukurs. The form of the body is peculiar, the dorsal uud aual long and

I f

ii

■'in?

I'.! .j-

1312 lUiUctin ay, Lhiitcd States National Museum.

low, 1111(1 tli() cinidiil widely forked. Two HpecieH known. (XvfJpoy, K<>r«';
ovXoy, ixnr.i.)

a. (iill lakorH iiIhm.} U)-j-:"2- 32: body oblong, tlit* tltptli M in Ittiit;)!).

FLAVKirTTATIM, 167H.

aa. (lir. rakdiH 8 I- 15 — 'j:i; Ixxly (ltM^]>, tint <l<<)itli 23 in li^ngtli. oi>ai.G8(;eN!4, 167'I.

I«7N. I.VTIIItn.O> FLAVIulTTATI m ((iill).

(PKrXK-FoNPA.)

Head 3i; depth a. D. XII, l.'), rarely XIII, 15; A. Ill, 8; snout 4 in
head; ini'xillary reaching a little past front of ]»npil, 2^ ; orbit 3; inter-
orhital 'U; longest dorsal spine 2'; longest dorsal ray 3^; second anal
spine 3; pectorallj; ventral I?; scalv^s 6-49-14. Korni elongate oval, com-
pressed, the curve of ventral and dorsal outlines about e(]ual and unif trni.
Head small and short, with short pointed SQout; anterior proHle very slightly
concave before eye, thence sli<>'htly convex to dorsal; mouth small and
oblique with the lower jaws projecting ; teeth all small, the outer scarcely
enlarged ; preoperde finely and shar])ly serrate, its posterior edge shal-
lowly concave, its angle broadly rounded, flill rakers slender and numer-
ous, the longest nearly equal to the diameter of pupil, about l0-|-32.
Scales of moderate 3i/e. those above lateral line arranged in very oblique
series; tip of snout, chin, and maxillary naked; scales on top of beau and
cheeks small and crowded; soft lius with scales. Pectoral l^i- in head,
reaching neiirly to vent; ventrals 1|, reaching halfway to anal rays; sec-
ond «>ual spine a little longer and stronger than third, its tip when
depressed not reaching base of last rays; caudal lin forked, its upper lobe
the longer. Frontal foramina 2 short slits close together, just in front
oi" the high supraorbital crest. Color in spirits, dark steel-gray; a small
Aery distinct pale spot on jacu 8i;ale of back and sides, surrounded by
darker; tliis spot in spirits light yellowish; in life of a pearly blue; head
plain; a small dusky blotch under angle of preopercle; fins plain, bright
yellow in life. Ycung with a l.irge black blotch at base of caudal, as in
liivmulun stcindachnerl and Orthoatwchua mactilicauda, and without the
dusky horizontal streaks seen in most of the other species. Length 1 foot.
Here described from a specimen 9 inches long from Guaymas, Mexico. Pa-
cific coast of tropical America, Guaym.as to Panama; generally common
along the Pacific coast of tropical America, {flavus, yellow; guUaius,
spotted.)

Hmmulon Haviguttatiiii.GuAj, Proo. Ac. Kat. Sci. riiila. 1862, 254, Cape San Lucas (Coll.

XantuH).
Ileemulou i.iai-garitiffirum, GUntheb, Proc. Zool. So". London 1864, 147, Pananna.
ncemulon flaviijuttatum, Steindachnkr, Iclith. Belt., in, 14, 1875; Jordan &, .Swain, I.e.,

?14j EvKKMANN &:. JENKINS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891 152 ; Jordan & Fesler, I. c, 479.

1«79. LYTHUULOJf OPALESiCENS, Jordan & Starks.

Head 3| ; depth 2j. D. XII, 16 ; A. Ill, 9 ; snout 3| in head ; maxillary
reaching slightly past front of pupil, 2| in head; orbit 2f ; interorbital
3f ; longest dorsal spine 2; longest dorsal ray 4; second anal spine 2^;
pectoral 1,^;; ventrals 1|; scales 7-54-13. Body deep, compressed, the
back well elevated, the dorsal outline nearly uniformly curA'ed from tip

OltllOKtO'chtlt, (

Jordan and Evermann. — Plishes of North America. 1313

of snout to ciuidal peduncio; ventral (lutline curved from chin to breast.
I lioiico straight to anul spine, and slanting obli<iuely upward to caudal
ixiluncle. Snout ainall and pointed; mouth small and oblique, the lower
i;i\v slightly projecting; teeth all Buiull, the outer scarcely enlarged; pre-
oix-rile finely serrate, tho posterior limb sonuswhat concave, th»? angle
tiKiiidlv rounded. (Jill inkers short and slender, about j the diameter of
1)111)11, H+15; scales above lateral line arranged in oblique series; tip of
■iiiont, chin, and maxillary naked; scales on hoad small and crowded; soft
lins scaled. Pectoral reaching to vent; ventrals reaching halfway to
Hicoud anal ray ; second anrJ spine a little longer and stronger than third;
iniiitT lobe of caudal the longer, about ecjual to head. Color as in Lythrii-
lon II arig 1(1 latum, in spirits, dark steel gray; a snioU very distinct pale
-jiot on each scale of back and sides, surrounded by darker, this spot, in
spirits, light yellowish; in life of a pearly blue; head plain; a small
liiisky blotch under angle of preopercle ; fins plain bright yellow in life.
^ niing with a large black blotch at base of (;audal, as in flmniilon stein-
ddihueri and (h'thostc "hits viacHlieaiida, and without the dusky hori/.on-
t:il streaks seen in most of the other species. This species ditlers from
/,. ilungutiatum in having fewer gill rakers, the depth and arch of the
liiuk greater. Rather common in the estuary at Ma/atlan, not yet noticed
(•ls( where; all the specimens of Zi/Z/trH^on from other localitiec: examined
!n lis being referable to L. flaviguttatum. Described from a specimen
!t inches long from Ma/atlan. The si>ecies is probably not rare, but has
been confounded with the preceding, (opalesccna, opal-like, referring to
the (tearly spots.)

I.jithnilon opaleteeng, Jordan & Stahks, Fishes of Sinaloa, in I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895,
45!t 1)1. 40, Mazatlan (Type, No. 29C3, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mu;i. Coll. Hopkins Exped.to

Sinaloa).

541. ORTHOSTCECHUS, Gill. .

u

n

(STHIPKD GKUNT.S.)

(hthostoechut, Gill, F/oc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 2rw {mncttlieauda).

Tiiis genus is closely allied to Hivmulon, diflfering most obviously in the
iirraiigement of the large scales, which are throughout in series parallel
witli the lateral line; the fins are long and low, the gill rakers rather
luiiiierous, the chin projecting; the skull not essentially different from that
oniivmulon. One species. (o/aOoS, straight; (jro?;foS, row.)

lA

1680. 0BTH0ST<ECHV8 MACULIOAUDA, GiU.

(RONCADOK UAIADO. >

Head 3i ; depth 2^ ; eye large, 31 in head in adult. D. XIII (rarely XIV),
15; A. Ill, 10; scales 5^-51-11. Body oblong-elliptical, not much com-
jireswod; the back little elevated. Head rather large, moderately pointed
iiiiteiiorly ; the profile nearly straight from the snout to the nape; snout
short, low, rather pointed, its l.-ngth Si in bead; mouth small, a little
<ibli(iue, the maxillary extending to front of pupil, its length 2^ in head;

> n

1314 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

W:

lower jaw slightly includtMl. Teeth Hniall, the outer and posterior little
enlarged. Preorbital narrow, itH least Itreadth 7$ in head; interorbital
HpacA moderate, convex, 3]^ in head; preoprrcle niodt-rately H^rrute. GUI
rakers slightly longer and more nnnieroiis than in most species of Hwmnlon,
about 1(1 on lower part of arch, the longest about i depth of preorbital.
Scales large, very uniform in si/,»< over the body, arranged above as well
as below lateral line, in longitudinal series, those above lateral line beiu;^
everywhere ])arallel with the lateral line; soft tius scaly, as usual. Dor-
sal spines usually 13, but sometiuies 14, ratht;r slender a n<l low, the longest
2,'„ in head ; soft dorsal low, the longest rays HA in hea<l ; cauthil moderate,
the upper lobe l'{ in head; anal rather low, the longest rays not reaching,
when depressed, to middle of last rays, their length about 3 in head; sec-
ond anal spine stronger and longer than third,, 2^ in head, its tip about
reaching base of last ray; vcntrals IJ in head; pectorals IJ,. Frontal
foramina narrowly oval, wholly He])arate, some distance in front of the low
Hupraoccipital crest. Color dai-k brown ; each scale of back and sides with
a light pearly-gray spot on its luddle, these coalescing into continuouH
light stripes which are sharply lielined, one for each row of scales; head
plain ; tins plain grayish ; a large dusky area on base of caudal. Its pe<Mi
liar squamation, rendered more noticeable by the corresponding features
of coloration, gives it an appearance quite distinct in this genus. The
snout is shorter than usual and the number of dorsal spines is increased.
In other respects it departs less from the usual type than does Lythrulon
Jlaviguttatum or even Hathystoma striatum. The cranium is of the usual
Hamitlon type. Pacific coast of tropical America, Guaymas to Pananiii ;
rather common ; here deseribed from No. 29256, U. S. N. M., 8' inches lon<;.
from Panama. Length about a foot. ( macula, spot; cm uda, tail.)

Orthottatchut maculicauda, UiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liilii. 1862, 255, Cape San Lucas

(Coll. Xantus).
llaimulon mazatlanum, Stkinrachner, Iclitli. Notizen, vni, 12, pi. vi, 1869, Mazatlan.
Jlcetmilun mariiiiemida, Steindachnku, Ichtli. Beitriigt!, iii, 14, 1875; Jordan & Swain.

I.e., 315; EvERMANN &- JENKINS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mu8. 1891, 152; Jordan & Fesi.kr,

I. c, 480.
IHabasU mamlicauda, Jordan &- Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miih. 1882, :)02, 372, 62^^.

^'--^

jiiil all o

mM

J or ;{ bla(

the brigh

::^lH

l'ili)in(t;in

"^1

;iii(l relati

.^\w9H|

.'it tlio cliii

fl

1' m;a('().n()D(

1^1

1/. .Sijili'H a

,jH|

//. Doi

542. ANISOTREMUS, Gill.

A'iUotremu*, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 107 (i!tr(7mtcM«).
Oeni/tremua, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1861, 2,56 {bilineatus).
Paraeonodon, Blebker, Arcliiv Neerl. xi, 272, 1876 (padfici).

Body ovate, short, deep, and compressed; mouth rather small, with
thick lips, the maxillary rather short; inside of mouth not red; teeth in
jaws only, all pointed, those of the outer series in upper jaw enlarged;
chin with a median groove, besides smaller pores. Dorsal spines strong;
soft rays of dorsal and anal scaly at base; anal spines strong; cauilal
mostly lunate. Scales large. Lower pharyngeals broad, with coarse,
blunt teeth. This genus, like Hdtnulon, to which it is closely related,
contains numerous species, all of thcni living on the shores of tro])i('ul
America. All the species undergo cousi«lerable change in form with age,

i

|:,:

i!

M

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 1316

;iiiil all of them are valued an food' fishes. The young are marked with
' or 3 blacliish h^ugthwiHe stripes. Those disappear with age, qiiiclcest in
\\w brightly colored species, and persint for a long time in species like
//i7JH('rt/'.'/» and inlerntptu$, which agree in coloration with Ilwrntilon parra
Mild related species. (rtV/doS, nneqnal; Tfiffna, aperture, from the pores
;tt Mio cilin).

lAWACoNouoN. Hlt>ek«r (TTopi, lU'ur ; Conodon):
(I Srali'rt itliiivo lateral liiH< in HorittH parullul with tlitt lateral liuo.

h. Dorsal rtpineM rather low, the longeat not more than ^ length of lieatl; Heeond

anal spine about J bead.

c. I'eetorals much shorter than head, not reaching tipH of ventral^; dorsal

rays XI, l.'l, the spineH coni|)aratively Hlender, the longOHt J bead; eye

more than twice as wide an the narrow preorliital. i'Aoikici, 1681.

CO. Pectorals a little longer than bead, about reaching anal fin; dorsal rays

XII, 16, the Hidnes Hhort and stont, the longest 2^ in bond; eye3, about

i wider than the broad prcorbital. Cyjisii's. 168*2.

III). Dorsal spines very high, the longest Ij! in head; second anal spine very btng,

about 1| in head; pectorals much shorter than head; interorbital area

much less than width ot° orbit; snout obtuse, not much longer than eye;

cleft of moutli small, the maxillary extending to front of eye; dorsal and

anal spines ex(;eedingly strong, the third dorsal spine the longest; snout

naked, the remainder of the bead being scaly ; each ray of the soft tins

accompanied by a series of minate scales, covering the caudal ; <uiudal tin

slightly emarginate. Duvii, 1683.

.WISOTHRMUS:

(in. Sillies above lateral line arranged in oblique series which are not ]>arallel with it.
(/. Scales comparatively large, less than nine in a vertical series between lirst
dorsal spine and the lateral line; coloration olivaceous, the adult nearly
plain, the young with 2 or more dusky lateral stripes which disappear
with age ; fins blackish.
e. Scales 5 or 6-52-15 (lateral lino with 49 pores) ; scales above lateral line on
anterior part of body more or less enlarged, especially in the atlult.
/. Scales above lateral line not much enlarged, about 0 in an obli(|ue
series from first dorsal spine to lateral lino; p-otile of head
anteriorly rounded. subinamenbis, 1684.

//. Scales above lateral line very much enlarged, especially in the adult,
about 7 rows from first dorsal spine obliquely backward to lateral
line; profile steeper and less curved. interruptus, 16K5.

ee. Scales 7 or 8-46-15 (lateral line with 54 pores), scales above lateral line
anteriorly not especially enlarged. hicolor, 1UH6.

(Id. Scales rather small, more than 9 in a vertical series between the first dorsal
spine and the lateral line.
(/. Body not striped longitudinally with yellow or blue ; ]ireorbital narrow ;
gill rakers a;+13.
h. Anterior part of body without jet-black vertical bar; axil jet-black,
the spot encroaching on base of pectoral ; a round black spot on
base of last vays of dorsal and anal; body dark gray, with
obscure darker streaks; fins pale, edge of opercle dusky;
])ectoral long, l^'g in head, reaching front of anal.

8CAPULAHIH, 1687.

hh. Anterior part of body with a black vertical bar.

i. Body without lengthwise stripes; dark humeral bar jet-black,
extending from between the fifth and seventh dorsal spines
to opposite the lower edge of the pectoral; edge of oiier4-le
and base of pectoral black ; pectoral long, daviusomi, 1688.

f-nf-"'

i. '

rm

1316 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

w

U

llllriiir

u. l<(Hly with 2 lengtliwiHu Imnilfl; liiinierHi bar UrowiiiHh; w
dark caudal spot, and a Hpot on back of caudal pednnch.

8PLBNIATU8, 16811

gg. Body with longitudinal Htripoa of blun or j'ellow or both; young witli :i

black blotrli »t baHO of cantlal; pnutrbitul broad; gill rakcr.s x-\-M'.

j. Anterior part of l)ody with 2 broad, dark cro8Hl>arB, tho one froiu

tli« nape <iblii|uely forward tlirougli *tye, tlici other from front <'!

<lorsal downward; behind theHti a aorics of horizontal stripr^

alti^rnatoly yellow and blue; imctoral longer than liea«l; secouil

anal and foiirtli dorsal npintts nearly fi|ual.

k. Blue Htripes on Hide about 0 in number, very distinct, n<>i

nearly na wido as a Hcale; tiharply edged with darker blur,

their width about J that of the olive interspaces ; addition;! I

blue HtripcH in the interspaces faint and few ; vertical bamlx

of lieod and shoulder l>rown. T^:NtATU8, Kiim.

il-JI;. IHue stripes on side as broad as a scale, each more than ^ Un-

width of the golden-yellow interspaces, and each very

faintly edged with darker; vertical bands on head aiid

shoulder Jet-black. viroinicus, 16!i|.

jj. Anterior part of body without dark crossoars, the boily sometinus

plain yellowish, the back usaally violet, with 4 or 5 yellow

lines ; silvery below ; snout short, not longer than width of evr :

dorsal fin very deeply notched, with feeble spines; second ami

third anal spines equal in length; body a little more oblon;;

than in tunnatnensis. sbrrula, Ki'.ij.

Subgenus PARACONODON, Bleeker.
1681. ANISOTREMUS PACIFIC! (Giintber).

Head 3^^; depth 2i| to 2f. D. XI, 13; A. Ill, 10; scales 7-47-13; secon.l
anal spine 2 iu head; fifth dorsal spine 2; pectoral 4^. Scales above lat-
eral line in serias parallel with it. Dorsal spines rather low, the longcfst
not more than | length of head; second anal spine about i head; pectorals
ninch shorter than head, not reaching to tips of ventrals; eye more th.iu
twice as wide as the narrow preorbital. Body compressed, considerably
elevated, the greatest height below the fifth dorsal spine ; profile rounded
from base of first dorsal spine to the nape, concave over the eye, descend-
ing abruptly down the snout; interorbital area twice orbit ; snout thick
and obtuse; teeth in a villiform band in both jaws, with an outer series
of conical teeth ; prcopercle serrate strongly on angle ; a posterior notch
in opercle between 2 obtuse and feeble points; soft dorsal about as hi;:h
as spinous; second anal spine long and strong; caudal emarginate. Color
dusky-grayish, with four irregular crossbands, which grow faint with
age; scales silvery with purple reflections; membrane between the scales
brown; fins blackish. Pacific roast of Central America; a small, plnin-
colored species, rather common about Panama. (Named for Pacific Ocean. )

Gonodon paeijiei, G(;nther, Pro<!. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 147, Chiapas.
Pomadatig pacifici, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 385.
AnUotremu» i>arifiei, HoiiDK^ & Feslbr, {. c, 484.

1((S2. ANI80TBEMUS C.ESIUS (Jordan &. Gilbert).

Head 34; depth 2^; eye 3^; snout about 3; maxillary 3^. D. XII, Ifi;
A. Ill, 9; scales 6-52-13. Body ovate, compressed, the back rather stron;;l,v
arched; anterior profile rather steep and straightish, gibbous between eyes

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of Norfh America. 1317

1 11(1 iilH<» b«'hin(l them, slightly depreased al»ov« eyes and at nape; ven-
triil outline considerably arched; candal pedunclf niodi^rate, abont \ aH
lull"- as head, and Honiowhat longer than dee]i. Head abort and deep,
,1, ri)er than long; snout very short, blnut, and thick; month very smnll,
il,(> iiiaxilhiry not quite reaching to front of eye. Teoth cardiforni, in
liiD.'itl bands, the outer series enlarged, but smaller than in J. pacijici.
I've laifje, Hhorter than snout, abont i wider than the broad preorbital ;
lii.s thick; chin with a median furrow and 2 pores; lower jaw included;
;intciior nostril much larger than posterior; preopercle rather weakly
Mirate, its upright limb somewhat concave. (»ill rakers abort and weak,
al.diit 10 on lower limb of arch. Scales rather large, arranged as in
iriiited si»ecies, those above the lateral line forming aeries parallel with
ill,' back, but placed so that the crosarows are very oblique; soft parts
,if \crtical tins almost entirely covered with small scales; series of scales
;ils() on membrane of i»ectorals and vcntials; scaly sheath of vertical
tins well developed. Dorsal fin low, rather deeply eniiirgiuate, its spines
VI rv strong, the second spine slightly longer than the eye an<l Jt the height
1,1 ili(^ third, which is l>ut little shorter than the fourth or longest, and
iiliiiiit ^ length of head; soft rays more than jj height of longest S]>ine8;
iniiilal rather large, m derately forked, the upper lobe somewhat the
loimt r, about i^ length of head; anal rather low, itsdistal margin perfectly
strainht. vertical; second anal spine very robust, A length of head, i longer
than the third ajune, which is much lower than the soft rays; ventral fins
li^ ill head, about reaching vent; )>ectoral fins long, aubfalcate, a little
loiitii r than head, nearly or quite reaching anal. Color in life, grayish,
silveiy above, with yellowish tinge; lower ]»art of sides with indistinct
darker streaks, formed by clusters of dark jtoints on the margins of the
scales; a faint dark bar, nu)st distinct in the youngest specimens, extend-
iufi IVoin the region in front of the dorsal to, or a little below, the base of
pectorals. In young specimens this bar is as wide as the eye, growing
iiarniwer below, but in the adult it is scarcely wider than iihe pupil; no
trace of the black crossbars seen in A. dovii Jind in A.pacifici, nor of the
(lark spots seen in A, surinameuHis, nor of the blue stripes of ./. taniatas;
vertical fins and pectorals dusky-yellowish; distal half of ventrala and
base of anal blackish; upper part of head dusky, especially between eyes;
lining of opercle pale, with yellow patches in life; peritoneum white.
I'acilic coast of Mexico; known from 3 specimens from the harbor of
Mazatlau and 1 from Acapulco. The type 9* inches long. (of('«»«8, silver

g'iiJ'')

I'limadaniis eatiiiut, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 383.

•2«;u !. and 2it632, IT. S. N. M. Coll. C. H. Gilbert.)
.[iii:.i,lri'iini»ca!giu», JoROAN & Feslek, J. c, 484, 1893.

(Type, No8. 2H158,

>.>P

1688. AXIS0TREMU8 DOVI! (Gimther).

Head 3; depth 2. D, XII, 16; A. Ill, '.); scales 8-48-15. Second anal
spintil}; third dorsal spine 1*. Body rather deep and compressed. Dor-
sal spines very high, the longest 1^ in head ; second anal spine very long.

fr:.,.!'

1318 Dullctin ^j, Ifni'trd States A^ationaf Afusrutn.

about 1} in head; pectorals much uhortor than head; interorbitnl nre:i
much less than width of orbit; snout obtuso, not much longer than c.ve;
cleft of mouth small, the maxillary extending to front of ey«; dornal and
anal spines exceedingly strong, the third dorsal spine the longest; snout
naked, the remainder of the head being scaly; each ray of the soft Hun
accompanied by a series of minute scales, covering the caudal; caudal Hn
slightly emarginate. Color grayish-silvery, with 5 Jet-bluck cross1)aiiils
in the adult; fins blackish. A stvoiif^ly marked and handsome specicH.
Lengtli 1 f<»ot. Pacific coast of tropical America; not rare at Mazatlan
and Panama. (Named for Capt. .lobn M. Dow, its discoverer.)

I'rUtipnma dovii, (JDntheb, I'roc. Zool. Sor. London 1804, 2:», Panama.
PomadanH dovii, Johdan & (iIi.hekt, Proc. T. S. Nut. Mu». 1881, 386.
Ani$otrcinut dovii, Jordan & Fehlrh, I.e., 484, 1803.

iV' I

\)i-

Subgenus ANISOTREMUS, Gill.
1684. ANISUTKKMIIS SIBINAMENMIS (Mloch).

(Pompon.)

Head 3; depth 2^; eye 4 in head; snout 2J. D. XII, 16; A. Ill, H or !t;
scales 6-(9 in oblique series )-52-14 or 15, lateral line with 49 pores. Second
anal spine 1| ; fourth dorsal spino 2; pectoral as long as head, lindv
oblong-elliptical, the back elevated, the profile strongly convex at niipc,
becoming straighter anteriorly ; interorbital area a little more than eve;
snout rather sharp; mouth short, lips very thick, the maxillary extondini;
to anterior edge of eye; outside teeth of jaws conical, notably loiifjer
and stronger than the others; preopercle evenly serrate on vertical e(l<ri',
weaker at angle; dorsal aud anal spines strong, second anal stronger and
a little longer than the highest dorsal spine, about i head ; soft dorsal
lower, about i head; pectoral falcate, as long as head; caudal forked,
Scales above lateral line arranged in obli(|ue series which are not par-
allel with it; 8<;ales above lateral line on anterior part of body more or
less enlarged, especially in the adult, fewer than 6 to 8 rows in a vertical
series between first dorsal spine and lateral line. Adult gray, with a daik
spot at the base of each scale on anterior part of back; iins all dark, no
distinct opercular spot. Young with 2 black horizontal stripes, one of
these from eye to a point just before the base of caudal, where it is inter-
rupted, a round black spot following at base of caudal ; another 8tri|ii'
above this aud parallel with it; scales of anterior part of back more or
less distinctly marked with black spots, one on each scale, these spots not
conlluent. Lengtli 2 to 3 feet. Tropical America, from Florida to Brazil,
recently taken by Evermann & Hean in Indian River; perhaps also ocnn-
ring on the Pacific coast, aa specimens from the Galapagos are very similar
to those from Cuba, aud perhaps referable rather to aurinamcnsia tlian to
interriiptus. The S})ecies probably passes by degrees into Anisotremut
interruptus, from the Galapagos northward. This species is the most
widely distributed of any of the genus. It reaches a larger size thau tLtt

s-

Jordan and F.vennann, — Fishes of North America. 1319

otliiTH and Ih Hiibjoot to conaidorable variation in Ibrni. * (^mrinamenma,
Inmi Surinam.)

r^iiijnnut lurinnmenrii, HLorii, lohthyol., pl.CM, 170t, Surinam.

Ilninei-ntruii !iihbo»ii.'i, Lacki*i;|'K, Hltit. Nat. PoIhm., iv, 1144, IHO.'t, Surinam; Hft«r Ul.<>rii.

I'ritiiiititna hiUni-atnm Vvvi&H &- Valknciennks, IliHt. Nat. I'oiMg., v, 271, I8;io, Mar-
tinique.

I',!stii>i>iiw mclanopterum, Cuvieb <fc Valenpiennks, Hist. Nat. IViIhh., v, 27;i, 1H30, Brazil.

Il,,'„iiili>ii ohtumnn, I'oEY, MciiioriaH, li, 182, 18110, Havana.

Il,niuil'iii Idhridum, I'OEY, .Moniorias, li, 419, 1801, Cuba.

i;i.itiliiima nirinnmi-niie, (UrviKii & Valenciennes, UiMt, Nat. PoIbm., v, 27:i, 18.10.

I iiigntreiiiufi hilineatxi*, .loKUAN, Pro<\ U.S. Nat. Mus. 180(), 31».

X.iitiitremusnufinnmenitiit, .Foudan & Fk.si.eh, I.e., 484, 18i»:i; Kvkkmann ife Hkan, Report
,111 tlin Fixheries of Indian Kivor, Florida, Sonato Uor. 4G, .'>4th Coii^;., •l^\ hah., 22, 18117.

IttH'i. AMS()TKK.MI S l.\TKitKIU>TI'S (Uill).

(MOJAKKON.)

il(>;i(l ;{; depth 2j^. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 8 or!); 8CttleH5- (7or8 in «)bli([ne
scries) -52-11.'; poro8 48. Form of Amtntremus mirinamctixis, tli« profile
Tiitlier steeper and less «Mirved ; scalea above lateral line conHitlerably more
oiiliiijjed ; in other characters entirely similar t<» A. nurinamenaifi. Adult in
lilc. trrayisli anteriorly, yellow on posterior half; the back tinged with
liiMssy olive, which ^^rows darker behind, the posterior parts pretty dis-
tiiutly yellow; tin spines gray, the soft fins olive, the iins growing dnsky
iit tip; scales on back and sides each with a distinct black spot; iris
yt'llow. Young specimens with 2 black horizontal stripes, one of these
from the eye to a point just before base of candal, where it is interrupted,
a rouiid black *'pot following at base of caudal; another stripe above this
and piinillel with it; scales of anterior parts with round brown spots, not
coiillucnt. Length 2 to 3 feet. Pacilic coast about rocky islands from
Majiilalena Ray to Panama and the Galapagos; probably varying into the
preceding, from which the Galapagos specimens are hardly separable. A
coiiiinon food lish. (tnterrin>tii8, broken, from the lateral stripe in the
.vouiig.)

ileiiiitirmiis interrupt iii, Gii.i., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 250, young, Cape San

Lucas (('oil. .1. XantUM).
I'risHiioma/urthi, Steinuaciinek, Ichtli. Heitr., v, 4, 1870, Panama (Coll. Ignatius Fiirtli) ;

.IdUDAN & Gilheht, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, ;i8.5.
Auisotrimut turinamennis interniptuti, JonoAN &. Fesleth, I. c, 484, 1893.

168G. ANISUTRKNUS BirOLOR (CaHtelnau).

(Mabia-Puieta.)

Head 3; depth 2,i. D. XII, 16; A. Ill, 8; scah;s 7 or 8-40-15; lateral line
with.")! pores; eye 2^^; smrnt 4^; preorbital 4; pectoral 1. Scales above

♦ .1 iiindtremns interruptui, Gu.L. Pacific cua.<!t examples usually have the scales abo\ o
the lateral line a little larger than usual in Atlantic 8pecimen.<<, but this ditt'erence seems
to III' variulde. We have compared specimens from Havana, liahia, and Rio Janeiro
with iiitcrruptu.i from Mazatlan, Magdalena Bay, Panama, and the Galapagos. Specimens
I'riiin tint Uiilapagos are darker in color and with the snout rather sharper than others seen.
Tlid.sc I'rom Galapagos and from Rio Janeiro have the scales above the lateral lim' a little
less i'ii!ar;;(Ml, 9 in an obliijiie series, downward and backward from first dorsal .spine (7
ill I'auitiua specimen, 8 in specimen from Magdaloua Bay).

li

Hi
■ii

I- 1 P'

1320 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

latorul lino anteriorly not Hpeciully enlarged; all apeciniuDH flxiiniiii.d
with .3 or 4 blnok lateral Htripea, one from eye to nuar Itaso of cand.l,
where it ceaseH abruptly, giving plaue to u round caudal npot as in tlio
joung of A. aurinamenais, also a Htvipe from scapular Hcale to last d()r>.i|
ray forming 12 npotH on back of caudal peduncle (tliiH Htripe wantini; >ii
.1. aiirinnmenHiH) ; above this 1 or 2 other stripes ])anillel with it; o|ii 1.
cular membrane black. Anterior profile conHiderably ntoepcr than in 1.
aurinameiiais. In all other resiiects, in specimeuH of the same u^u, tlis
species seemH to agree with .7. ai(rinamettain. Coaut of Hra/il. Speoinii ns
examined l)y us from Rio Grande do Norte, Itahia, " and Ceara. AIho found
in Cuba if Aniaotremus Irilineatiia is really the same Hpecies. (bieolor, two-
colored. )

FrUtipoma bieolor, Castelnau, Aiiiin. Noiiv. ou KnreH Amor, dii Sud,8, pi. M, ^g. 2, l-'.n.

Bahia.
fPnutipoma trilineatum,^ I'OEV, MciiioriaM, ii, 34;t, 1801, Havana.

PHHipoma braKilien»e, Stkinuachneu, SilzmiKHli. k. Akuil. \V\hh. Wicii. 180:t, 1013, Balna.
Anitotremut bieolor, Jouuan, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1800, .110; Jordan &. Fesleh, I. c, [x:,.

1687. AMSOTREMUS NCAPULAKIS (Trtcliudi).

m

'i 111

Head 3; depth 2jt; eye 1; snout 1. D. XI, 14; A. Ill, 13; scales it m
10-51-10; preorbitttl oiiual pupil; maxillary 3j^; pectoral I,',,; gill raia'is
10 -f 13. Hody ovate, the ba<'k elevated, the profile I'rom ti]) of the short,
blunt snout to last dorsal ray evenly rounded ; lower profile straigliici,
angulated at end of base of anal; wouth moderate; teeth in broad bands,
the outer in each jaw longer, close set, slender, and sharp; preopercle
rather finely, but not sharply, serrate. Scales rather snuiU, more than II
in a vertical series between first <lorsal spine and lateral line. Dorsal lin
divided almost to base, the tenth spine no longer than first; secontl :in;il
spine stronger and a little longer than third, lower than soft rays; (iindai
forked. Anterior part of body without jet-black vertieal bars; axil jet-
bhu'k, the spot encroaching ou base of pectoral; a round, black S])ot on
base of last rays of dorsal and anal; body dark gray, with obseuie, daiker

r.

;,'i

* A B|>eoinien from Baliin sliows the following clmrncterB: Pectorals oharp, 1,V in licad,
not (iiiite to anal ; second anal npint^ very Htrong, '.2,V in licad. equal to longest dornal spine.
Eye large, 3 in bead; snout short, rather blunt ; profile Hteup. Dorsal XII, 10; anal III,
8. Scales 53. Gray; a black median line on back; 5 e(|uidi»tant black Htripes a.s wide
as interspaces on side, straight and horizontal, the tirst ending undei ninth dorsal siiinc.
the second under middle of soft dorsal, the third rniining from upper edge of gill opi-ninN
to last dorsal ray, with 2 black spot.s behind it on back of tail, the fourth on ii.\is dt
body, ceasing on caudal peduncle, wit'i a round black .spot behind it at base of cauiinl as
large as pnpil; fifth stripe very obscure, with a trace of a sixth one; a black bloirlmi
base of anal, not on the tin: a large black bloti^h nearly as large as pupil on 0])*'i( niai
flap; 2 silvery horizontal striiies on the dusky shade of cheeks ; tins plain grayisli. iIh
ventrals black, the anal dusKy, axil dusky. Scales above lateral line in series iioi \m
allel with it; U or 7 scales in a vertical series below lateral line.

\ Anitotremiis trilineatun (Poey). Head .'(} in total with caudal; depth 3J; D. XII, li>:
A. Ill, 8. Eye in second third of head. Preopercle well serrate; maxillary rcailiiiis
front of pupil. Teeth in villiform bfinds, the outer enlarged above; snout sciililos
Dorsal uotcued, the membrane of spinous part long; secimd anal spine longer than tliini,
not robust. Color golden gray, with somewhat oblique streaks aloiife the rows of scales.
2 tiark bands alon^ body; 1 'from snout through eye to a dark spot at base of cnmlal:
1 on the back to tip of' snout, not joined to its fellow; a narrower dark streak aldiii;
lateral line, vanishing behind, extending forward to the eye; tins pale yellow; .siilrsui
head with silvery reflections. Length. 70 in. Havana (Poey) ; not seeu by ua. I'roliably
young oi Amiotreimts bieolor, {trilincatug, three-lined.)

Jordan and livermann. — Fishes of North America. 1321

Ht milks; fins pnlu; c(Ijj;o of operclo dusky. Const of Peru; not rnro; sahl
til Imvc (inco b«^on tiikcn lit Mu/utliin. Wr liavc o\iuninu<l Novonil Hpi>('i-
iiiriiH Ironi C'lillao. It Iiiih tlio Cfntrnl por«> at tlio iliiu, Ww failiiru to ihul
\vlii< h lutl Kiier toplucf thuHporit^H in Diaijramma. It HCfiiiH to bo i(l«>ntiriil
Willi I'uturH' ty|)o of /'. iiotattim, pri^HurvtMl in tliu niiiHoiini at lleriin, thoii^li
it ilisajjieoH with J't'ltirs' doMcriplion, tlio dorsal rays boiny XII, l'>, not
\VIII-I, IT), as stiitod )»y I'cturH. This HpocioH is ]>robably tiio on« poorly
ilisrribcd by Tstliiidi under tim iiiinu* of I'liHliiioma ticafiuliirr. It is w«dl
(listiiifiiiisln-d by tho (■«»Iur niiirk, wliicli Iiiih siiKKt'slcd tht" names ««'(i/>((/ai'iM,
iiiiiiiiionpilu», and nolalKH, {Ncajnda, sboiildor, from tlio shimldei' spot.)

lUistii'iima seapularc, Tsciirin, Fuiiiiii I't-riiuiin, 12, 1844, Huacho.

l)i,t'ttiiiiiiii(i mi'lanon/illum, Knkh, SIl7,iin;;Hl>. k. Akiiil. WiH.si'iuliiit'l 1H07, 4, weat coaat

of South America.
ri-;tili.oiiin iiofatinii, I'ktkus, IIcil. MoimlsW. iHflO, 7iiO, " angeblich aun Mazatlan."
I'liiii'i'iaiiiii mtuloitKn, Jordan, I'roc. Ac is'ut. Sci. I'liili; H8:), '2)Ui; nut of Tsc-'iiudi.
.[Hlii"ti< inun Kcapulnris, .Toiidan \ Fe^i.kh, I. c, 48,'), 1H0;1.

1»8H. AMStnUKMIS IIAVIDSOMI (Stciiiiliioliiior).
(SAIUiO Uaiaiio.)

Head :ii; depth 21 to2:i. I). XII, Ifi or 1"); A. Ill, U; seales ll-<;2-'Jl.
Kvf I', in beiul; snout,'}; ])reorbilal TiA ; maxillary 3:^ ; H(M-oiid anal spine
L'{ t(i - '• ; fourth dorsal 2|',i ; pectoral J or oi|ual to head ; <;ill rakers 1) + 13.
iiody olong&to-ovate, the back elevated, the anterior profile strai^^htish to
napt', tiience rej^iilarly c(;iivex; lower i»rofile Htrai;;ht, angulatcd at anal;
iiKiiilli small; teeth setiibrm, arran;>:ed in broad bands, beconiin<; shorter
bc'liiiiil, lon;;or and stroiijjer in front; dorsal fin deeply notched, the tenth
spine twice us long as tirst; seeonil anal spine much stronger and almost
twiiM^ as long as third, higher than soft rays; caudal forked; pectoral as
ioiij; or longer than head. .Scales rather small, mor(i than 9 in a vortical
series between the first dorsal spine and the lateral line, (jirayish-silvery,
(lurk abovcs with many dark points; a very distinct Jet-black cross-band
on liack and sides, this extending from between the tiCtli and seventh dorsal
spines to op]iosite the lower edge of the pectoral ; edge of oporcle and base
of pectoral black; fins otherwi.se dull yellowish. Coast of southern Cali-
fornia, not rare about San Diego and the Kauta Barbara Islands. It has
not been taken elsewhere. (Named, for I'rof. (ieorge Davidson, of San Frau-
ciseo, tlie well-known astronomer.*)

rrUtliiiiiiia (lavidsonii, Steindaciiner, Icbtli. Beitriips in, 6, 1875, San Diego, California;

.loitDAN &•. Gii.iiKKT, I'roc. I'. S. Nat. Mim. 1881, :i85.
I'liiiiiuliiiijiii davidsoni, Joudan &. Gilhekt, Synopsis, .ISl, 1883.
.inisDtmiius davidsoni, JoiiDAN & Feslek, I. c.,48C, 180;t.

1089. ANIKOTBKMUK Sl'LENIATUS (Poey).

Mead I in total with caudal; depth 2.|. D. XII, 16; A. Ill, 10. Maxil-
liiry not reaching front of eye; 2 pores and a groove at the chin; pre-
opeiclo with small spines well separated; no scales on snout; teeth in

' •' liriiiiniit /,ii Eliren ineines liocliverolirten Frouiides, Prof. (Ieorge Davidson, Priisi-
(li'iitrii ilcr Ciilifornia Academy of Natural Sciences, welcher uin die niiturliistorisclio
Ki'fiir.scliiiii}; Califuruieus so bctleutcnde Vordicuato sicL erworbeu hat." (Steiudachner.

4 a030 6

1 •
1 ,

I

W'

T

m

:i ' i

'1 ' :

1322 Dulletin /7, United States National Museum.

villiform bamlM. Fourth tloiHiil Hpino 3 in doptli of body; Hoi'tdoixi)
low; caudal forked. Cu'rat, Hiioiit rosn-cidorud; rent of IxMid, iiapu, umI
back goldon-yullow, n« aro tbo holly and buHo of anal'; ruHt of body h'til
<-oh)r, with 2 brown haixlH, IliHt midway hotwcon lateral lino and Imk K,
the other from oyo to tail, ondini; in a black Hpot an lar^o aH (>yc at b.i^c
of caudal; a gilt Htroak alon^ lateral line, another along belly, thn twn
marking edge of caudal peduncle; a broad bla«;kiNh vertical band f'i< m
th'Ht ray of dorual to baHo of pectoral; linn bright orange, CHpeciully rim
dul and anal; Hpinoua dorual and ventral with meuibranoH blackiHh; a
dark spot on median line of tail Itehind dornal. Iritt brown. liCngtl, I
inohoH. Havana (I'oey) ; not seen by uh. A HpucicH of uncertain relation-
Hbip. (aidciiialnn, bearing patcdies.)

I'l-intijioma »i)Unialiiin, I'oBY, Mt'inuriiiM, ii, IH7, IHOu, Havana.

1«(IM>. ANISOTItKNlK T.K.MATUN, dill,
(CATAI.rNA.)

Head 31; depth 2,'„. I). XII, UJ; A. Ill, 10; scales 10-.'>6-17 ; eye 3< in
head; Huout 2J ; preorbital i; maxillary 3^; Becoud anul Hpine 1}; fomtli
dorsal Hpine U; pectoral l; gill rakeru 8-{-l(i. Itody ovate, the bnck
miH-h elevated, the anterior pntlile Kteep, convex on snout, straightisli
over eye, nape very convex to base of third dorsal spine; mouth moder-
ate; thomaxillary extending to anterior edge of eye; jawssultequal; tcitli
arranged in bands, the outer much enlarged; about 10 gill rakers, besiilis
rudiments, below angle; dorsal tin high, slightly eniarginate; Hpines hIih.
tier, the highest slightly shorter and weaker than the second anal spiiio,
whieh is more than ^ head; caudal emargiiuite, the upper lobe tlu'
longer. Body with about 6 longitudinal stripes of brilliant blue on abri<;iit
golden ground, those on side very distinct, not nearly as wide as a scaio,
sharply edged with darker blue, their width al»out ^ that of the olivf
interspaces; additional blue stripes in the interspaces faint and few;
and oblitiue brown band from nap«) through <'ye, broad vertical bands at
shoulder, these much less distinct than in .1. virtfiiiiciis; fins golden vtl-
low. Young with a black blotch at base of caudal. I'acilie coast of trop-
ical America, Magdalena May to Panama. The most brilliantly colored of
the genus, common on the Pacitic coast of Mexico and Panama, where it
replaces the closely allied Aiiiaotremua virginivus. The dillerences between
the two species, though slight, seem to be constant, {ratvia, a riblion;
twniatUH, striped.)

Aninotre 11111.1 taniatiit, Gu,i., I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Plilla. 1861, 107, Panama (Coll. ("iiiitain
Dow) i JUKDAN & Feslkh, I. c, 480.

IGUl. ANIKOTKKNUS VIItniNIOlIS (Linnieiis).

(I'ORKKIHH 1 CaTAI.INKTA.)

Head 3i; depth 2^\-,. D. XII, 17; A. Ill, 10 or 11; scales 11-56-17; en
4i; 8nout2|to3; preorbital-t; maxillary 3^; second anal spine 2, *„ ; tliinl
dorsal spine 2^',[; pectoral 1; gill rakers 7 + l'>' Body ovate, the back
very much elevated, the anterior profile steep, slightly convex along snout

ami over
fxteiiiiiii;
nliiHit (>
eiii.iigina

iltl ll Npjll

fniiii iiapf*

N|i:i''0 l)ef(

uriv, will

^'iKiind CO

^'it'idiiial t

liiHiiiictly

s|ir> iiiien f

I'liim liiwci

M)iin(iii.s dot

lar-c round

K|iiiMiim doi

to l;in( ray (

Ida to lira/

onlv one ex(

rioiida. (?

tin- nortiiwn

hi,

Jordan and F.vermann. — Fishes of North America. 1323

mill i)v«.' <'y<^ ^^^y iniich nrched at iiiipn; month hiiiaII, the mnxillnry
('sti>ii<liii>{toantorior lumtril; ,iawHHiili(M|iml ; oiitor row of teeth oiihirKnd;
iihdiit I) Kill rukerH, beHJdim riiiliinuntH, lielow an^hs durmil liii low,
,Mii ir^iiiHto, HpinoH Blender, tht^ biKhoHt iihoiit <m|ii»1 in lougtli to HutMind
all il Npiiio, which Ih Ivhh than \ hu»il ; cimuIiiI forktMl. ObIii|tiu bar
tVoiii iiai*o throiigb ttyo, uiitl vortit-ul bar downward from tlorHal, Jot-ldai^k;
HiiMi I) Itiiforo anterior bar ilot'p yt-llow; interHpaco between barH pearly
M|iv, with yellow HpotH, tbr npotH conlliient above into a yellow area;
irioiiiKl color <»f body plain pearly gray, with about 7 deep-yellow l<»n-
iririiilliial Htripes; the pearly int««rHpa«-e not ed^ed with darker and not
(liHtiiictly Idne; all <ht' tins «l(M*p yellow; iriH ^''t gray. A very yonnj?
spiiitiien Hhowed the following; <-oloration in life; jiale anterior region,
riiiiii lower Jaw and temporal region to npinouH dorHal bright yellow;
HiiiiioiiH dorsal, ventralH, and front of anal deep goldm; other Iuih pale; n
lin'ut' round jet-blaek Hpot at Imiho of caudal; a dark band from front of
HiiiiioiiH (lorHal downward, and 2 black Htripen along sideH^one from nape
til lirti ray of dorHal and one from the eye nearly to the caudal Hpot. Flor-
idii III Hra/.il; the commoneHt of the genuH in the Went Indies, and the
onlv one except .1. HurhinmcnHiit which extendn its range to tiie coaHt of
I'liiiiilc'i. (Name from Virginia, but the HpeeieH dcx^B not reach thuH far to
the northward.)

liiiiilii'iiptijiihn, MnliCdiiAVK, HiHt. llriiMll., 148, 1648, Brazil.

.|,ifi" I'iiiiiiio, MAitciiKAVK, lliHi. ItriiHil., 152, 1048, Brazil.

.sy„i,»\ rii-ijiniciiii, I.iNN.r.i'H, S.VNt. Nut., x, 281, 17.18, South America.

Si,iiiinrittatu», UUMil, lohtliyol., tat', 203, 11^.2, 1701, Brazil; ul'ter Maucouavk's Acara

liiiiiiita.
Verea i'llxi, Hl.o(;n, i. c, tat". ;i08, tig. 2, 1701, Brazil; iil'tcr Makcokavk'h (luutucvpa juba,
tirdiiiiiiinlfsiiKturilii, lli.ocn & SciiNKK)EB, Sy«t. Ichthyol., 185, 1801; uKit .s'/'ort** viltatut

of 151.1 )(H.

' I'ri'ylii'oiiia rathariiifi; CUVIKU Sc Vai.knciennks, IIIhI. Nut. I'oisn., V,20!», 1830, St. Cath-
arine Island, Brazil.

I'risUiiiiiiia roilo, Cl'VlKlt .V Valbnciknnkh, IliHt. Mitt. PoIhh., v, 274, 1830, Martinique,
B.a/il, Puerto Rico, and San Domingo.

rritliii'iiiia acara pinima, (lA.sTKr.NAr, Aniiu. Nouv.oti Rtir<>H, 8, 1850, Brazil.

I'l-istiiiciiia virjiiniciim, QOnthkk, (Int., 1,288.

AnuiitniiniH virginicun, tiiLL, I'roc, Ac. Nut. Sci. IMiilii. 1801, 107; JuKUAN, I'roo. U. S. Nat.

.Mtis. 1800, 310; .TOKDAN &■ Frhlek, l.c, 480.

I'omuduiiys eirginictia, .Tohuan it Uujieut, Pnx). U. S. Nat. Mim. 1881, 385.
KtUi!. A.MSUTUKNrs SKKItltLA (Ciivier & VuIi-nchumeH).

(Tf:TE IIK-UOCHE; 1*KTITK-SCIK.)

DiirHal XII, 13; A. Ill, !). Kody a little more oblimg than in Anhotre-
miiH xiirinamcnsiii. Snout nhort, not longer than width of eye; dorsal lin
very deeply notched, with feeldo npines; second and third anal Hpines
iMlual ill length. Anterior part of body without t.. ik crossbars, the body
soinvtinies plain yellowish, the back usually violet, with 1 or 5 yellowish
lines; silvery below.* Martinique (Cuvier & Valenciennes); not seen by

*Exi't'])t for the prosence of tlio groove at thf cliin, an ini]ili«iil in tlio dt'Hcriptinn of
Olivier k Viilencionuos, we might siippoHO Aninotremun gerrula to bo iilvutioal with
Oenyalrcimis hiteui.

l.'J2l fiulli'tin ^7, United Slates National Afnseutn.

m

iiH. (Hrrnilii, 11 littlii Htiw, a tninNlctioii of tlio I'riwioh iiiiiiin " I'otito-Hido,"
iiN<><l lit Martiiii<|iio.)

I'lUtiimmit ttrriilii, Ci'ViKU A VAI.RNriKNNKM, IIInI. \ul. PoUn., v, 27a, 18.10, Martlnlqu'!.
Vrinliiiomn iiinnlnm. CrviKK A V ai.k.nciknnkm, Hint. Nitt. riiUH., v, 'J72, Martinique.
AniKotnmim »*rnila, Juhoan it. .'.''kmlku, I. e.,4H7.

543. CONODON, (.*uviHr A ViilitiicioiiiioH.
Viiiwilon, (/'I'VIKU it. Valknciknnkh, lIlNt. Niil. PkIm., v, IIMI, IH:iu (antittaiiiiii hi hilit).

TIiIh ^oiiiih Ih cIoHe to I'omailniiiit, from wliirh it Ih H«|iHrtitt!(l lt,v the
onlur){o<l oiitfi' tot'tli and by tliu puiMiliar annatiiri' of tlio prt'opnclu, wliii h
Ih vtTy Hliai'ply Mtrrato, tlu* Horrii' at tho any;l«) uiilar^fd, tlioNi* Itufoitt ilio
aiiK;lK tiiriifld forward. Kody olilini^; Hoft rays of doiMal aud anal iiiiut;
or loNH Hcaly ; Httcoiid anal Hpiiiu lar^e. Anioriran. (ncoyuf, vouo; oAuii',
louth.)

(I. Mink iliHiliictly elt*VH(««(l iiihI (•oiMt»r«<MB»'il, fli« ilc|iMi M,', in Imily: iIoi'miiI JIiin low,
t'oillili ii|Mii« llio iitiip'Ni. I'j in Iii'imI: Iiiiik'<''<I •Ioi'niiI rii,\ '2[ ill lit'iMl ; iiiili'i' li'i'lh
llllicll (!llllirK)'<l. Nullll.lH, UWU

Htt. Itiick not fli'Viilril, tlio ili'iitli ;ij! ill IhhIv : ilorHiil llii lii^lior tliuii in luihiliii, I'oiiitli
N|>iiii< (Im< Ioii){i>hI, 'J,', in lii'iu! ; li)iiK<'NliliiraaI ni,v >l in liciiii ; oiitfr ti-r|li liti||.
I'nllkl-K*^)!. HKIdUKKII, li;',i|

lim.'t. (0.>'(»U4»> MOIIII.IN (I.inniiiiM).

Iloiid ;<,',; depth ;{,',. 1). .\I— I, i:{; A. 111,7; HraI«H r.-.-M-IM. hark iIIn.
tini'tly rlt'vatod and <-onipruHHud, tlio doptli about fqual to longtii of IhmiI;
dorHal liiiH low, fonrtli and loni^uHt npinu I'j in li»ad, lon^oHt durnal rav l'|
in lioad; Hecond anal spino vrry hin^ and Htronj;, hi);lM>r than the suit
rayu, more than A lunjrth of h(>ad; Hecond dorsal Hpino abont ^ It'ii^th nf
third; puctorals narrow, about roacdiin^ vent; tooth of oiitor KcricH imi-
largod, Htoiit; ])reorbital at itH leant width nion- than .) diainetor of t^yn.
Air Idaddor with 2 whort horns in front, ("(dor Hilvery, darker above,
with H dark bars, which cxtmd on nUh'M below level of pectoral; Hiijcs
with light yellowiKh HtreakH in life; dorsal HpineH h:' very. Wrst Indies;
coast of Texas to lira/il; on sandy shores. Length about a foot, 'i'his
speries is not rare in the West Indies, and is more coninion on the I'liast
of Hra/.il. (iiobiUn, noble.)

Peieaiiiihilit, Linn.ki's, Sysf. Nat., Kil. x, 101, 1758, North America.
Scitrnapluiiiieii, IIi,ocil, Iclitliyol., vi, 60, tal'. 300, 17U1, Martinique.
Srhmacoio, ISi.ocii, i.e., pi. 307, tig. 2, 171tl, Brazil; alter Curoroio, Maiicoravk.
<J/ieiliidi]>ttrus cliriiMojiti-ivs, Lackim.dk, lliHt. Nut. I'oisH., ni, .'i4'-', |»l.:i;t, tig. 1, 180'J.
Vinodon antillnnun, CmiKU iV Vai.E.ncmknnew, Hist. Nat. Poins., v, lliO, 1«30, Jainaica.
J'rintipoma foro, CrviEit iV Valen<jiennkh, IliHt. Nat. Poiss., v, 200, 1830.
Conodiin pluiHieri, (JCnthek, Cat., i, 304, 18.')9.
Oonodoa nobilis, Jukdan &. Feslek, I. c, 488.

1»»4. ('ONOI)ON si; It Kir Kit, Jortlaii & Uilliert.

HeadSif in length to base of eandal; depth Hi. I). XI— 1, 12; A. 111,7;
scales 6-53-15. Hody comparatively «'longate, elliptical, little compressed,
the dorsal and ventral outlines regularly and nearly equally curved, tln' |
back not much elevated and nut specially conipn'ssed. Head rather short,

foninn (t>f<f Evermann, — Fi$hcs of Niyrth Amerua. l.*ll-'5

iioimI not very miito ftiiJarlorly. tim prolllo nnirly HtrulKlit iVom Hiioiit to
I,., HO (if ilorHiil; Miumt «hoit, iilutiit imihiiI In 1«<iikIIi h> tlio Iiiik<' oyi>. :H in
li.'Uil. Iiitororliitiil itroa IhoimI iiml i|iiit<> tint, its width II In Ik'ikI. Month
iiMidiaato, Iciniiniil, ol»ln|nt<. tim lipM nioiloiut^ly di^olopcd ; iniixillitiy
.aiiihImik to op|Mmit« Iront of !•>••, 2\ in ht'iul; piriniixiiiiirii's in front on
I, V ,1 III' iiiidiiio of (tyt). 'IVoUi in inoderatn ImndH, thoMo in thoontrr m^rinH
)iil.iiu»'d, t»Mt much h'HM MO tlian in ('ohikIdh mthillH, thi< ti"«>lli NJcndrrcr
III II, in ih« lattor; '2 trotli in front of luwor Jaw HonMnvliiit cunintdikn.
I'll iiiliitiii iiiirrow. itH loiisl. widtli nhnnt i dinniotrr of uv<*; Jiiwh «i|iiiil
ill iront; pruoprrido with ItH poHtt^rior niar^tin Homt'whiit conntvis unnod
with strong t)'«*th, whi< h mo dlriMtiMJ hii(^l< ward and Nonnnvhiit n]tward;
niiL'li' of |iriMipt<r('|c witli a Htron^ Hpiiio diriMtfd harl<ward, ItH l*'n){tti
iiliiiiii \ IcnKtli <d' ('yis h>wur linili of pri'o|i«M-rle with Htron^ HpintiiiH
ticili (an in th« Hpccie^ of l'leilr»f>omii), dirrrttMl forward and downward,
IM-Kiiiiiii^' gradually Niiuillcr anteriorly; noHtriis Hniall, ronn<liNh, tlio atiN^-
riiir l;ir),'«!r, <iill rakiird ratln-r Hh'nd»«r, of niodnratt^ h^nyth. ScalcH ratli«<r

j, ijiirly arranf;<!d, tlioMo ahovu hitrral lino forniin)( NoricN parallfd witli

it. uliirh aro Honiuwhat lirokon op))OHlt«t tin- an^nlation of tli«> lattMai
line; Hniall sralus on Huft parlH of dorHal and anal; doFHal lin low, divldttd
:iliii.i^l to hasi', I ho H])ini>H ratltrr strong; lirHt and himoikI Hpin<-s Hiiort
Mini slitiidor, i\ui Hocond littlo nion- tiian ^ tlir h<^i){lit of tlin third; tho
loiirili or lon^oHt 2}, in liead ; Hoft dorHal low, ItH lon^<tHt rayH l< in hoad;
r;iiiil;il siihtrnnuatc, tho nppt^r rayH lon^i^Ht, \'l In huad; anal ratluM- low,
tlitt si'Kind Hpino 2 in lirad, niiiuh longer and Ntron^^or than tho third, w liich
is iiltli- low«'r tlian th« soft rays; poctoral pointed, 1 ,'„ in head; ventniln
1 ;. ( Oior diiHky blnish ahovo, »ilv«^ry holow ; sides of hack with ahont 7
Hhitit Mark liarH, oaeh nnich iiarrowor tlian the intoi'Hpact'H, thi^ hint nnder
liiHt I'iiyH of dorHal, all tunninatlnj^ holow at tho lower edi;o of the dark huo
III' till' hark; linH all pale. Length S IncheH. I.owor California; known
only liiiin tho <»riginal typen, ;{ Hpeciinuiis taken hy l»r. .Streetn at Hoea
Solcdiiil. It in ehmo to Conodon iiohiUa, h\it Hluudurer and Boniowhat dif-
I'oriMit ill armature, {iierra, saw; J'cro, 1 hear.)

Cimmtnii idimileri, Stuekts, Hull. I'. S. Niit. Miih., vii, M, 1H77, Boca Soledad, west coast

Lower California; not of CrviKii & Valkni'irnnkh.
f'(m"i'"u.srcW/«r,.Ii>Ki)AN \ ilii.iiKUT, I'lmi.U.S. Nat. Miih. 18H'J,;t51, Boca Soledad, Lower

California (T.vik<, 17540, I'. S. N. M. Coll. Dr. Streett*) ; .Jokdan \ Kksi.eu, I. ('.,488.

544. BRACHYDEUTERUS, (iiil.

(IJt'lflUTo.S.)

lUaeliiidiuti'Tus, On.i., Phms. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiiln. 18fl'2, 17 {aiirihiii, an African H])ccieB).
Iltrmiiliiisii, Steinhacmnku, Iclith N(»(i/.cn, viii, !>, 1801) (eurvincf/onniM, ;i ISriizilian

S|M TICI*).

Moily ohlon^r; scales large, thoHo above in 8eri«>s parallel with tho Int-
(i.al I lilt-; month nmall, outer teeth in jaws some what enlarged ; inside of
jawH not rod. Anal spine.s Hniall or moderate, the second little, if any,
lun;rei> or Htronger than third, and lower thau tho soft rays; soft dorHal
and anal largely covered with nmall scales; dorsal spiiies 12; soft dorsal
I'oiuiKiratively loug, of 15 or IG rays ; otherwise essentially as in I'omadaais,

' X ! -3 Ji!
I

ill'

' '<

■:;!

1320 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

the finH smaller and more Hcaly. (/3/3a;ft'5, short; Sevrepoi, second; tlm
typical 8pe«'ie8 {auritua) Avas placed by Cuvier &. Volenciennes in tho
Scurnoid gniins Larimun, from which it was supposed to diflfisr in the shorter
second t'orsal. Tho name would better apply to the short second anal spiuo.)

a. TVct4>ral fliiH nbort, much nliortor tliiui hitail ; luiiil Hpiiica very Hiimll.
b. I'rcorbitnl iiurntw, not an l»i,>a<l uh cyo.

c. Second aiinl spino Hhorter than tho third; body rathor clongato, tho nioiiih
Hinall, tho niaxilhir<' not<|iiito reaching tVontof oyo. A lai'ifo bla<;kiHli
roundod bh)tch iioarly ari liirgo aH oye, beliind tho HiipraHcapnhi, attlic
oiijjin of the hit«i-al lino. nitidis, lOiir).

re. S<'<'<ind anal Hpino about equal to third in lungth, but Htoiiter, 3 to ;!^ in
head, relatively larger in Hmaller HpccinicnH; aditl'ime dark blotch mi
scapular region, very faint ni the larger Bpo(;inieiiH.

C'OUVIN/KFOBMIS, IfiiKJ.

lib. I'roorbital broad, wider than cyo, 3^, to 4 in head; anal H])ineg not griuluaicd;

maxillary not roaidiing the eyc; sidcK with indiHtinct dark atrcAkn or noiif;

no dark scapular blotch. i.eitcihcus, Ifi'j?.

aa. Pectoral flns long, nearly equal to head; prcorbital broad, about as wide as fyt'.

Uody rather robust, the back elevated, the ])rotl]e even. Axillary bIot(;li lar;,')',

black, cncroachhig upon the rays of the pectoral tin. axii.laki.s, Wm.

lOOA. BKACIIYDKUTKIUTS MTIDUS (Steindachner).

Head 3J; depth 3; cyo HJ; suout ll. D. XII, 15; A. Ill, 8; fourth dorsil
Hpino 2; second anal spine nearly 4; pectoral i;*; scales 6 or 7-;>2-l().
Body niodorately elongate, compressed, t'o back evenly arched; hcud
pointed, the mouth small, maxillary not reaching to cyo; preorbital n;ir-
row, not so wide as eye; posterior edge of prcopercle finely and evenly
serrate; gill rakers short and slender, about 7+10. Dorsal not dee])ly
notched, longest ray Ijr in longest spine; anal spines very small, the hcc-
ond shorter than third; pectoral much shorter than head, not reach in •!;
much past tips of ventrals, which reach halfway to base of first anal
ray ; caudal Innate. Silvery, darker above, with dark streaks along the
rows oJ' stales, especially distinct below lateral line; a large round blotcli
at begirning of lateral line, about as largo as eye; fins plain. Lengtii 10
inches. Pacific coast of tropical America ; known from Mazatlan, Paiuuna,
and the Gulf of California, (tiitulus, shining.)

rristipoma (ITcemuloptii) nitidum, Stkindacuneh, Ichth. Notizon, vni, 5, pi. .1, ISGO,

Mazatlan, Mexico.
Pomadatis nitidus, Jorhan & Fkslkb, I. c, 494 ; .Ioudan, Fishes of Sinaloa, 402, 1K9.').

IGOG. BKAt^ilYDhllTKItUS CORVIN^^FORMIS (Stoindaithner).

Head 3 to 3^; depth 3^; eyo 3J to 1 in head; snout 2}; to 3. D. XII, 15;
A. Ill, 7 ; scales 6-51-10. Upper profile regularly archea from snout to tail,
the highest point at origin of dorsal; lower profile nearly straight to base
of anal; prcorbital slightly less than eye; maxillary not reaching eye, 'i\
to3i^ in head ; anterior nostril oval, twice the size of posterior; preopertle
finely toothed, about 20 teeth on upjier limb, increasing slightly in size
toward angle; dorsal notched almost to base, fourth spine longest, 2^ t()2|
in head; longest soft ray (second) equal to or slightly less than longest
spine; pectoral pointed, 1^ to 1;| in bead; ventral broad, the margiij

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1327

Ticarlv straight, inner ray \\ in second, which is 2 in head; first my
lniiiiched once, slightly filamentous, other rays hranchcd miicli; second
iuid tliird anal spines aboat etpial, 3 to 3J in head, relatively larger in
Hinallcr Hpeciniens, the second stouter; first Hoft ray 2^ in head; margin
..(■ anal slightly concaA'e, the ladt ray shorter thnn second spin»; upper
l(iiii' (if ctiiulal longer, the difi'urcnce nr^ro noticeabh^ in the smaller spcci-
irii'iis, li^ to 1^ in head, middle rays 1;{ in upper; pectoral scaly at base
iiiilv, other tins, except spinous dorsal, more or less completely scaled, a
iiai row Hheath of scales on sides of dorsal and anal, siippIementoTy Hcales
nliulitly developed in axil of vontnils; least depth of caudal peduncle 1^
to 1'; in the length from below end of dorsal, its length being e<|ual to
inidillo caudal rays; lateral line and rows of scales above it concentric
Willi b.tck, scales below lateral line in Iioii/outal rows. Color in alcohol:
Diuk olive above, lower sides more or less silvery, the larger specimens
iiiiii'li the lighter; a dark line ahmg each row of scales below lateral lino,
tlicHO rather indistinct in larger specimens; scales above lateral line with
(luiK centers, these not forming distinct lines; a diifuse dark blotch on
sciijiular region, very faint in the larger spe<-imens; pectorals colorless,
otln (ins ])unctate, the margins very dark. There is considerable varia-
tion in the ground color, the larger specimens being distinctly silvery,
Honii- of tlie smaller heavily washed with olive and having the scapular
lilot( h more developed. Our specimens differ from Steindachuer's descrip-
tion in iiaving a rather shorter maxillary, not reaching eye, narrower pre-
oi'bital, and a blotch on scapular region. They are, however, probably
not specifically distinct. West Indies to Bra/il; here described from 5
spciiinens 54 to TA inches long, collected at Kingston, Jamaica, by Mr.
Joseph Seed Roberts. (C'omwa, a synonym of Sciwna; forma, form.)

Wi

}[(r>iviliin cormnceforme, Steindachnek, Ichth. Notizcii, vil, 16, 1868, Santos, Brazil.
i'ii»i«(/(i»i#<;oj't)uia/or»nt», Jordan ic Feslgb, .Sparoitl FIhIics, 495, 1893.
lifadtjidcutenti corvin<xformit, Jokoan St. ItUTTEB, Fishes of Juinaica in I'roc. Ac. Nat.
Sii. Phila. 1897, 110.

1097. ItKACIIYDEUTEKUS LEVCISCUS <Giiutlier).

(BUURITO.)

Head 3; depth 3 to 3^. D. XII, 14 to 16; A. Ill, 7 or «; scales 6-52-12;
preorbital 3.J to 4 in head; orbit 4; snout 3; maxillary 3';; fourth dorsal
Hpint^ \l in head; second anal spine variable, from 3 to 4; pectoral 1^;
upper cau«^al lobe 1^. Hody moderately elongate, deepest at shoulders;
prolile steep, but not greatly curved,, sl'gbily concave above eyes; mouth
small, lower jaw slightly included, maxillary not reaching front of eye;
prcorbital wider than eye, iuterorbital flattish, 21 orbit ; preopercle sharply
serrated; 'dll-rakers about half pui)il, 5-f 12. Dorsal <leeply notched, the
hist spine about twice as long as next to last; fourth sjdne longest, ^
longer than longest ray; second anal spine stouter, not much, if any,
sliorter than third, its tip, when depressed, reaching base of last ray;
pectoral short, reaching past tips of ventrals, but not to vent; upper
lobe of caudal the longer. Color grayish-silvery; a liglit lateral baud,

1.

■'1

^i.

h

1328 Dtillctin //, Uniied States National Museum,

!■ .. \\

VS\

al.oiit Olio scale in width, beginuiiig at posterior margin of operclo and
extending backward in a direct line, meeting the lateral line under pos-
terior fourth of soft dorsal, tlienco continuing to base of caudal chiully
below lateral line; center of each scale in the band with a faint dark
1)lotch, these forn^ng a rather distinct darker line througli the mid-
dle of the light one; 3 other faint dark bauds along side, 1 above and 2
below the light band; opercle with a yellowish tinge, a dark spot at
angle; fins all light yellowish, soft dorsal mottled with blackish; a
faint blotch on axil of pectoral. Pacific coast of tropical America; very
common at Ma/atlau and Panama, south to northern Peru; <|nite variaMo
in depth of body, wid^h of preorbital, and length of spines. Hero descri'x'd
from a specimen 9 inches in length, from RioMulcge, Lower California.
(leuciacue, a chub or shiner, from Aevho?, Avhite.)

J'riiitipowa leuciicus, G(3nther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 18C4, 147, San Jose de Nicaragua,

Chiapas.
Prittipoma leuciseun, var. elonpatuii, Steindachneii, Neiie iind aelteno l-'ischo ana deni k. k.

Museum, 30, 52, ]»1.9, tig.'i, 1879, Tumbez, west coast of South America; an clonjiati'

Mpccimcn, probably of the same species.
Pomadasi/t leiiciscus, Jordan & Gii.iiebt, rroc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1881, ;)87.
romadanis sloiigatun,* Jordan & Giluekt, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 3.'>2; specinunis wiili

slender l>ody iniil narrow preorbital ; Eveumann & Jenkins, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1^91,

150; JOKDAX it Fesi.kb, i. c.,495.
Poinadans lettciscus, Jordan Jit Fesi.er, I. c, 495; Jordan, Kishos of Sinaloa, 4G2, 189.").

'.«9H. niUi;IIYI>»:UTKRV8 AXILI 4RIS (Steindmhiior).

(BuRuo Blanco.)

HeadSf ; depth 3|; D. XII, 16; A. Ill, 9; scales 6-50-10. Body rather
robust, compressed, the l»ack moderately arched ; dorsal fin deeply notched ;
preopercle with small serriu ; suprasoapula finely serrate ; preorbital broad,
about as wide as eye; anal spines small or moderate, the second little, if
any, longer or stronger than third, 3A to 4 in head ; anal lower than the Hott
dorsal; soft dorsal and anal largely covered with small scales; pectoral
fin long, nearly equal to head. Color grayish-silvery, with light and dark
stripes along rows of scales, these sometimes obscure; fins unspotted;
body with faint dark crossbauds; back and sides with dark striites
formed by dark spots along the rows of scales ; a large inky-black axillary
blotch, encroaching on the rays of the pectoral fin, a color mark by which
the species may be known .at once. Length nearly a foot. Pacific coast
of Mexico; not rare, but known only from about Mazatlan and Guaynias.
{axillari8, from the black axillary spot.)

Pristipoma axillare, Steindachner, Ichtli. Notizcn, vni, 7, 1869, Mazatlan.
Pomadatia axillaris, Evermann & Jenkins, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 151; Jordan >v
Fesleh, {. c, 494; Jordan, Fishes of Siui'ioa, 402, 1895,

* The specimens called elomjatus by Jordan & Gilbert differ somewliat from tlio elon<jiitus
of Steindachner. Renewed coinpanson of many exainides leads us to the conclusion tli.at
the s])eciiuens named leueitcus and elongatue are simply rather extreute forms of oui>
Hitecies.

M I

Jordan and Evermami. — Fishes of North America. 1329

545. POMADASIS, Lacoptde.

(BCKROS.)

I'lmiailaiit, LArftpfcnK, Hist. Nitt. roias., i\, 516, ISOIt (ariimleut).
li t ji I i»tii>omes, CuviKH, JJinno Aiiiiiml, Ed. 1, 27U, 1817 (haUa, etc.).
/ 'Mty/^of/ia, Oki'n, lHi», 1817 (ha»ta).

frUtijinwa, Clvikii, Kt'siio Animal, Kd. 2, ii, 170, 1829 (hasta, etc.).
rinucitt, .loBr)AN & EVERMANN, Clicck-LiHt, :tH7, 1800 (patian^.nniu).
i;hniici$cu», JoUDAN kt EVEHMANN, Clieck-LiHt, ;t87, 18!t6 (c/'ocro).

Txidv oblong, 80inewhat coinpresHed, tbo back not nmcb olovated ; montb
nitlior Hiiiiill, toiniiiial, low, tbe lipM tbin; maxillary uHually not extouding
to (i])i)08ito tbo eyo, its tip not rcacbing the posterior edge of tho broad
inforltitiil; premaxillarios x)r(>tractile; teetb on jaws only, in villlfonn
liiiiids, snbequal, or tbe outer Hcrioa in upper jaw more or less enlarged;
iKi rud on tbo jawa; a central groove boliind tbo sympbysis of tho lower
jaw; cliecks and opercles scaly; preopercle ratber distinctly serrate, tbo
sciiii' below not turned forward; suprascapula serrate; scales large, tboso
iihiivo lateral line in scries parallel witb it; no small scales at base of
tbe otliers; soft domal and anal fins naked, or witb a very few scales
at liiiso; dorsal (in emarginate, tbe spines strong, 11 to 13 in number, tbe
soft rays 11 to 11 ; anal (in of 7 or 8 soft rays, sbort, witb tbe second spine
always very strong; gill rakers feeble, few in number; caudal lunate,
loilitHl. Tbis genus is composed of small sboro fisbes, some of its repre-
stiitiitives being found in most tropical seas. Several of tbo species enter
licsli waters, and perbaps belong t(t the brackish- water fauna. Numerous
spocies are found on tbo west coast of Africa and about tbo Capo Yerde
IsbiiidH, but so far as known none enters Kuroi»ean waters, (nchfia, oper-
culum; dadvi, rough, hence more correctly written Pomadasya.)

KiiENciuis CpeyKoi;, or'puyKO(!, snoring, hence l{(mehv», Uunco, lioncador):

a. 'I'eetli in both Jaws in villUbrm bands, tli«» outer series not at all enlarged ; preo-
percle with weak scrratnres; dorsal spines 12.
/(. Third dor.sal s|>ine produced, much longer than the otliers, about half length of
head ; second anal spino somewhat shorter ; profile convex ; scales nearly
sniooth ; ])ectoral lin very long, as long as head. Odor silvery, lower tins
white; a distinct dark blutcli on ojicrclo and a fainter one on sides below
spinous dorsal. IJody rather robust. tanamensis, lt)99.

art. Teeth in botli.jaws in villiforni bandH, those in the outer scries in the upper Jaw
more or less enlarged; i>reopercle sharply serrate; caudal fin lunate or trun-
ciitc, the lobes short.

I'KI.STII'OMA (Trpto-Tijs, saw ; nrnfia, operculum):
c. Dorsal spines XII; preorbital broad.

d. Mouth large, maxillary reaching to anterior third of ey.?, about 2§ in
head.
e. Scales rather small, 8-.'>6-20. Body elongate-elliptical, compressed,
somewhat elevated at napo; anterior profile straight from nape
to end of snout; snout produced, blunt, rounded; dorsal spines
low, the longest 2| in bead; second anal spino very long, I3 in
head : pectoral short, not reaching vent. Coloration uniform.

HAYANU8, 1700.
ee. Scales still smaller, 65 in a longitudinal series; body elongate; maxil-
lary extending a littlo beyond front of eye; anal spines strong,
tbo second three-lburths the depth of body. Color nearly plain ;
silvery below. I'KODUCTUS, 1701.

<■ p.

I!

i t
1 u

.^1

Ill

1330 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

1^ ''

^•:i

3
•i
J'

dd. Mouth email, tlio maxillary not roaching beyond anterior edge of orbit
abont 3} in bead; pectorals long, 1) in head; scaloH large, 45 to 4h
Body ovate-clonKato, coinprcsHed, considerably elevated at nape
anterior prolllu struiglit or Hlightly concave from nape to point oi'
Hnoiit; Mioiit sliarp and pointed.
/. Kye 4.J in head; dornal tin very deeply notched, tlie spineH loii^'
an<l Htron;;, the longeHt alioiit 2 in liead ; seeond anal spine vei',\
long and strrtig, altoiit 2 in bead; pectoral long, reacliing a
liltio btyond tlio vent, about 3J In body. Coloration dusky,
witli a nietatlie. liist«*r above, lightt^r l>elow; back with about I
dusky transverse bands extending to level of pectoral.

MAHIIACANTHUS, 1702.

ff, Kye 'A^ in bead; scc<uid anal spine more than half liead, loUKn'
tlian fourth do sal spine. anukei, 17u:t.

UiioNCisrrs (diminutive of poyKot, grunter) :
ec. Dorsal spines XIII; preorbital narrow.

g. Mody moderately elongate, the depth 2J to 3 in length.

/(. Snout pointed, 3} in bead. ISody elongate, compressed, the back
elevated, high at the nape, the anterior profile rather irregular
varying with age; a more or loss distinct frontal depression
aoove eye in old specimens ; mouth snuill, the maxillary
barely extending to the anterior edge of orbit; lower jaw
included; scales rather large, (i-54-16, those above the lateral
line parallel ; dorsal tin moderately notched ; second anal spine
very strong and long, reaching past tip; of all the rays; pec-
toral short. Color rather plain, about 3 or 4 ill-detlned long!
tudiual dark stripes along sides, one from point of snout In
middle of base of caudal. ciiocuo, 1701.

/(/(. Snout longer, moderately pointed, about 3 in head; iKMly elongate,
ovate, compressed, the back elevated, depth about 3 in lengt li :
pectorals rather long, 1^ in head; anterior |)roflle steep ami
conv«<x over snout, dejiressed above eye, becoming slightlv
convex at nape ; top of head with a slight depression ; nioutli
small, the maxillary barely reaching to the anterior ed^i'
of eye; preorbital very narrow; eye very large, about 3 in
head; soft dorsal and anal sl'ghtly scaly at base; dorsal liii
only moderately natched, t! e soft part much shorter and
lower than the spinous ]iortion ; dorsal spines very high and
stout, fourth 1^ in head; second anal spine very long and
strong, li! in bead; pectoral long; caudal slightly lunate.
Color uniformly silver-gray, the base of each scale slightly
darker. branicki, 170.>.

gtj. licsly very long and low, compressed, the back little elevated, the
depth about 3g in length; pectorals shortish, 1^ in head. Second
anal spine very long, 1^ in head; anterior profile irregular,
striiightish over snout, slightlj' convex above eye, occiput con-
cave, convex at nape; mouth moderate; maxillary reaching to
front of pupil; teeth at angle of proopercle almo.st spin.y; o.ve
large ; base of soft dorsal and anal naked or slightly scaly ; dorsal
fin only slightly notched, the soft part about half as long as 8))in,v
portion; dorsal spines very stnmg ; second anal spine very Ion;:,
reaching heyoiul tips of last rays. Color of body metallic grayisi'-
golden, with indistinct streaks and bands; belly lig' ..er; tins
dusky. KAMOSU8, 17o(i.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Ametica. 1331

Subgenua RHENCUS, Jorilan Sl Evornianu.
ltt»0. POMADASIS IM^'AMKXNIN* (Stoiiiilachnor).

II.'iul 2i to 2J; depth 2i| to 2,^ D. XII, 13. A. Ill, 8; scales 7-48-12;
ovf l in lieiul; preorbital (1«^cp, ahout as bronrt as eye; iiiterorbital 41;
iii.ixillury 3. Uody robust, somewhat coiiipiesHcd, the back i^lovated, the
niiterior profile conv<'x ; mouth rather Iar|;e, oblique. Teeth '.^ upper jaw
ill liioad villiforui bauds, i\w outer teeth uot enlaijLred; lower jaw project-
iii^S preoperclo very wealdy serratt^; Hupras<-apula nearly eutire. Third
(I.irHMl spine strong, considerably produced, much lonjrer than the fourth,
Miiil more than twice lenj^th of second, about ^ length of head; second
anal spine somewhiit is'.orter, but strong, much larger an<l longer than
tliini, not reaching tips of last ray when de])re88od; caudal lunate. Gill
ijikciH short and slender, fi-|-12; scales nearly smooth; pectoral tin very
loil^c, falcate, as long as head. Color grayish silvery; young with (J very
liiint cross shades, one of these below spinous dorsal appearing as a round-
\a\\ «liirk spot; lower fins white; a distinct dark blotch on opercle and a
laiiitor one on sides below spinous dorsal. Length 14 inches. Pacific
co.'ist of tropical America; a woll-uuirked spet^ies, common at both Panama
an<) Ma/atlan. (Name from Panama).

I'listiiiomapanainenti', Steindachneh, Irlitli. lioitriigr, ni, 8, 1875, Panama.
I'„madati» jtanavwnsiH, J(jhuan & FesLUR, 2. c, 404.

Subgenus PRISTIPOMA, Cuvior.

1700. POMADASIS BAYAMIS, Jonliui <V- Kvennaim, now ftpooicf).

I[caa2i; depth 3i; scales 8-5(5-20 ; D. XII, 12; A. Ill, 7; eye 5 in head;
prtMirbitalti^; snout 3^; maxillary 2)}; pectoral 5 in body ; 4th dorsal spine
2'f ; second ans.1 spine 1|; soft dorsal 2^ in s]nnous. Itody elongate-elli|>-
tical, coniprdssed, somewhat elevated at napti ; auteriorprotile straight from
iiiipe to end of snont; snout produced, blnnt, rounded; preorbital broad,
not (|uite so wide as eye; preopercle and suprascapula coarsely serrated.
Mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching to anterior third of eye; teeth
ill upper jaw in villiform bands, those in front of npper jaw more or less
cu'iiirged, acute; dorsal lin deeply notched; dorsal spines low, the longest
about 2J in head; soft dorsal short, its base contained about 2^ times in
base of spinous portion; second anal spine very long and strong, about If
in head; soft dorsal and anal slightly scaly at base; pectoral short, not
reaching vent. Coloration uniform olivaceous above, silvery below ; fins
plain. Pacific coast of Panama, probably always in fresh waters, the
known specimens all taken from the Uio Bayano, near Panama. Our typo
and cotype, 30957, U. S. N. M., two specimens from Rio IJayano, collected
by Captain John M. Dow.

t'linliiwma humile, Kneu & Steindachnkk, Sitsgber. Akatl. Wiss. Miineh. 1803, 222,
Rio Bayano, near Panama; name preoccupied hy I'riiiUpoma /iumi{t«, UowDlCH,
rialicH of Madeira, 236, 1825.

Pomatlatis humilis, Jordan & Fesler, I. c, 492.

Tliis Hpecies is erronoouslv referred by .Ionian & Fealer to the Hiib^enns Pseudoprit-
tiiioma, Sativago (Hull. Soc. i'liilom., iv, 220, 1880), of which the typo is Prittipoma leu-
ntniin. Cuvier «fe Valenciennes, from the Seychelles. PsevdoprUtipoma seems to bo a
v,iliil <;emis, closely allied to Aumotrevnit, with which it agrees in form, but wi'jh the
teeth iill small and slender, the outer not at all enlarged.

T

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1332 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

1701. POMADAMIS PRODVCTIIN (Pory).

Hnad t in total length with cuudal ; depth 4^ ; oyo 4. D. XIT, 12; A. Ill,
" , BcaloH 65. Budy elongate, nmxillary extending a little beyond front of
eye; anal Hpincs Htrong, the Hecond J depth of body. Color nearly plain,
silvery below, (i'oey.) Cnba; not seen by ua; apparently closely allied
to /'. hayaiitiB. From /'. ramoaus it differs, if the descriptions can be trnsted,
in having but 12 dorsal spines, (prodiictna, product^d, from the long snont. )

I'riilipoma productum, PoBY, MoinuriaH, ii, 180, 18<U), Havana.
PomadanH produeUi», Jukdan &. Fehlkr, I. o., 403.

I70ii. I'OMADASIS MACIlAi A>TIIIIN ((iiiiitlier).

(BUKKO.)

Head 2J; depth 2J; scales 0 or 7-48-14; D. XII, 13; A. Ill, 7; eye 4i in
head; preorbital I'J ; snout 2J ; maxillary 3^; pectoral 3^ in body; fourtli
dorsal spine 2 in head; second anal spine 2; longest dorsal ray 1^^ in loiio;.
est dorsal spine. Body (»vate-<dongate, comjtressed, considerably »devat(^«l
at nape; anterior profile straight or slightly ccmc-ave from nape to point of
snout; snout sharp and jtointed; month small, the maxillary not reaching
to anterior edge of orbit, about 'i^ in head; anteri<»r nostril with a llap
which extends over posterior nostril; gill rakers al»out 7-}-15; scales large;
))roopercle and suprascapiila coarsely serrate; dorsal fin very deeply
notched; dorsal spines long and strong, the longest about 2 in head; solt
dorsal short, its base contained .about 2/,! tini(*s in base of spinous portion ;
s(;ci>nd anal s]dne very long and strong, about 2 in head; soft <lorsal ami
anal each with a single row of a few scales beliind each ray near the l»asc;
pectoral long, reaching a little beyond the vent, about 3Jt in body, 1! in
lu'ad. Coloration dusky, with a metallic luster above, silvery below;
about 4 broad dusky transverse bands extending downward to level of
pectoral. Length 1.^) inches. Pacific coast of tropical America; very com-
mon; specimens examined by us from Panama, Ma/atlan, ('hiapas, and
Puuta Arenas. It makes a loud snorelike noise when caught, very much
like the noise of the "burro" or donkey, (//(twpo?, long; awaKOrt-, spine.)

I'nutipoina macracanthtim, (UjNTHer, Troc. Zool. So(\ Loud. 1864, 140, Chiapas, Mexico.
J'omadasiv inacracanthua, Jordan &, Ficsl...., {. c, 493; Jordan, FiHhes of Sinalon, 401.

1703. I'ONADANIK AXDRKl (.Saiivnge).

Head 3; depth 3. D. XII, 12; A. Ill, 7; scales 45; eye equal to snont, lU
in head; maxillary reaching to opposite front of eye; preopercle with
ol)li(|ue margin. Second anal spine strong, longer than fourth dorsal
spine, more than k length of head; caudal truncate. Coloration uni-
form. Near to /'. macracanlhiia, but diftering in having the eye larger, tlie
snout shorter, in the length of the maxillary and the second anal spine,
an(' in the absence of scales between the rays of the vertical fins. (Snu-
va ^e.) Not seen by us; a rather doubtful species. Kio Guayas, Ecuador,
near Guayaquil. (Named for its discoverer, M. Andre.)

Pristipoma andrei, SAUVACiH, Hull. Sci. I'hilora. Paris, 7tli scr., ni, 1879, 204, Rio Guayas,
Ecuador (Coll. Andre).

Jordan and Evcrmanti. — Fishes of North America. 1333

Subgenus RHONCISCUS, Jordan & Evermonn.
1704. POMAHANIK (lUM'RO ((Jiiviir \- Vnlnncittiinun).

Iloafl 3; depth 2S to SJ ; oj'c 3,J to 5 in lieiui. I). XIII, 11 or 12; A. III,«
„i7; Hcalo8 (J-54-U) ; preorl»itaI 4 to H; snout 2i, to 3ii ; maxillary 3 to 1 ;
iicctoral 1,'; to lA; fourth dorHal Hpino 1,1 to 1\\ Hocond anal H|)iuc \\_ to 2;
SDit dorsal 2 in HpinouH. Ho<ly elongate, coniprosHcd, tho back eluvated,
liiirii iit tho nape, the anterior ]irotile rather irre<;iilar, varying with age;
;i more or less distinct I'rontal dt-prcBHion above eye in old aitecimens;
month small, the maxillary barely extending to the anterior edge of orbit;
lower Jaw included; preopercle coarsely serrate, the teeth wide apart;
tcctli rtmall, the outer scarcely enlarged; scales rather large, those above
till' lateral line in parallel series; dorsal iiu moderately notched; second
umil Npino very strong and long, reaching past tips of all the rays; pccto-
I'iil short, caudal slightly lunate. Color rather plain, olivaceous, silvery
liclow, about 3 or 4 ill-detincd loi-<<;itudinal dark stripes along sides, one
I'rimi point of snout to middle of base of caudal. West Indies, Cuba to
bnizil; generally common on sandy coasts. The specimens examined by
lis me from CMiba (type of rrintipoma ciiltrifirum I'oey, in the museum at
Ciimiiridge), and from Sao Mathcos, lta)»apuaua, and Cannariveras, in
lira/il. {trocro, the vernacular name at Martinique.)

ITiftiiiomacroero, C'uvikk &. VALENf ucnnes, Hist. Nat. I'oIhs., v, 264, 1830, Martinique.
/',i4i/m»i(j cultri/enim, I'oEV, Mcmoiias, n, 185, 18C(», Havana. (Tyju! in M. V. Z.)
I'oinmlaniit approximann, Bean &. Dresbl, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 100, Jamaica.

llviif, No. 30062. Coll. Piil>li(; Muh. InHt. Jnniaica.)
rnmuiiasin crocro, Jordan & Feslek, I. c, 493.

1705. POMADASIS ltltA*""Kl (Sloindiicliner).

(HruKno.)

Il.nd 3; depth 3. 1). XIII or XIV, 12; A. Ill, 7; scales 7-49-12; eye 3.^
in Iliad; preorbital 5^; snout 3; maxillary 3^ ; pectoral li; fourth dorsal
spino \l ; second anal spine 1^ ; soft dorsal 2'i in spinous, liody elongate-
(iviitc, compressed, the back elevated; pectorals rathei' long, 1^ in head;
aiitoiior profile steep and conve.x over snout, depre.ssed above eye, becom-
in;; slightly convex at nape; snout long, moderately pointed; top of head
with !i slight depression ; mouth small, the maxillary barely reaching to
tilt) anterior edge of eye; preorbital very narrow; teeth arranged in nar-
row, thickly set bands, those in front a little broader; preopercle and
scapula strongly serrate, the sern-.i wide apart at angle; gill rakers short
and slender, about 6-f 11; soft dorsal and anal slightly scaly at base; dor-
sal Iiu only moderately notched, the soft part much shorter and lower
than the spinous portion ; dorsal s]>iues very high and stout, the last spine
i lonj,'er than the next to the last; second anal spine very long and strong,
reaching past the longest rays, ^ longer than third spine; pectoral long,
not reaching past von trals; caudal slightly lunate. Color uniformly sil-
ver-gray, the base of each scale slightly darker. Length 7 inches. I'acific
coast of tropical America, Ma/atlau to Peru; generally common on the
sandy coasts of tropical America on the PJioitic side; specimens seen by

f i

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1334 Fitilletin 47, United States National Museum.

iiH from Ma/utlan, Panama, Rio Ziinatonco, autl ClhiapaH. (A porHoiml
name. )

I'rinHpoma hranicki, Stkiniiaciinku, DeiikHttlir. knimtrl. Aknd. Winn. Wiim, mi, 2h, 1k7;i,

Tumoez, Peru.
romada»it branieki, Johiian &, Vkbimh, I. e., 4U;i; Jokpan, FIsIioh of 8liiulim,40'J, 180.').

i;<M). I'OMAIUNIS UAMOSl'M (Tiicy).

Head 3 to 3}; depth [^ to 3}. I>. XIII, 11 or 12; A. Ill, fi or 7; houI. s
&-64-14; oye 3^ in hoiul; preorbitul 5^ toK; Hnout 3-; niaxillnry 3; pt'c
toral lit', fourth dorsal spine 1;| to 2; sooond anul Hpino l{ ; soft dorsal 2 in
HpinouH. liody very long and low, comprossed, the hack little oluvateii;
anterior protilu irregular, straiglitish over snout, sllglitly «'onvo.\ aho\tt
oye, orciput concavo, convex at ua]>e; mouth moderate, the maxilliiiy
reaching to front of pupil; prooperclo and scapnla very coarsely serrated,
thoHO at angle of preopercle almoHt Hpiny; eye large; base of soft dorsnl
and anal naketl or Hli'rhtly scaly; dorsal fin only slightly notched, tlu^
soft part about half as long as spiny portion; dorsal spines very 8troii<r;
second anal s]uue very long, reaching beyond tips of last rays; pectoiiil
short; caudal truncate. Color metallic grayish-golden, silvery 1h>Io\v,
with indistinct lengthwise streaks and bands; fins duuky.* Length one
foot. West Indies, south to Hra/il ; not very ccmimon. (ramo«(( 8, branched,
the soft rays of the ventrals being much branched.)

i'rittipoma ramo»um, PoBV, MeiiiuriaH, ii, 180, 1860, Havana.

I'ristipovia boiieardl, Stkinda<iinbii, Ichtli. Noti/en, ix, 1, 1809, Gulf of Mexico.

Poniadcuii ramoius, Jordan &. Ii'ehler, I. c, 404.

546. ORTHOPRISTIS, Giruid.

(l'l(il'I8HK8.)

Orthoprinlis, (iiBARD, IT. S. Mpx. Bduiiil. Survey, Zool., FialioH, 15, 185!» (dvpUx chryKi)),.

term).
PrUfocantharuH, (lux, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liil.i. 1862, 2.')6 (cantharinut).
EvaprittU, Jouoan &. Evermann, Cliuck-I.iHt, ;t88, 180U (lethoprittk).

IJody moderately elongate, conipruNsed, the back arched; head com-
pressed, the snout usually long; month rather small, ]>laced low; teotli
in Jaws in villiform bands, the outer teeth above somewhat enlargeil ; eye
moderate; preopercle with its vertical limb straight, finely serrate or
entire ; gill rakers rather long and slender ; dorsal H])ines rather slender, IL'
or 13 in number, the fin usually not much notched ; soft dorsal long and low,
usually with 15 or 16 rays, the membranes usually naked ; anal spines sniiill ;
caudal lunate. Scales rather small, those above lateral line arranged in
series not parallel with it; usually no smaller accessory scales at base of
the larger ones. This genus contains a considerable number of species
differing from Pomadasis in the long anal tin, the smaller .scales, and in tlio
less development of the dorsal spines. Nearly all the species are Anieri-

* Of this species we have examined a specimen 6 inches long (418, M. C. Z.) from II:iiti.
A number of specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology nsree with this mie.
except that the anal spine is shorter, 2 in head ; they are 10615, M.C. Z., Sao Matheos. tlii'
largest a foot in length, and 2421, M. C. Z., from llio Una. Prititipoma hovcar(U.ii{m\-
danliner seems to us identical with the s])ccinicn from Haiti. It is ]>robable that tiiis is
the same as P. ramotu* Pocy, but the description of I'oey is not very full.

»?!■:

11 1 1

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Apncrica. 1335

(•nil. (('p^''»'» Btralglit; npldri^, iiHod for irpidrtf?, a buw, in refflrnnce to
I ho HtiiiiKlit, ovonly Berratod piooporclo.)

(Mtllliil'llIM'."':

,1. Soil doFHal niid nnal HflnleloMi |irn<>peri'lo niorit nr loan Nerriito linhiiul; montli ■mall;

tt'inponil croHt, which liriHCH I'roiii litthliiil tho oyo, very low niiil iii(!<inH|ii<',uuiiM,

thtt uppor e<lK<^ Ixtlow Iiuhu uf tlio hi({li niipraoccipital croMt, which uri(^nut08ovvr

tho ]i)ipll.

h. ^i-nlcH Hnmll, in 80 to 05 Hcries; color pliiin, depth 3 in Iciigih; poctnriils 1^ in

lii'iul; prcorbitul nitliur lirumi, 3J in head) second nnal apinc oit lon^ hh third,

;ij in head. kouiiemi, 17(>7.

III). ScnicH larger, in 55 to 6!i olili<|Uo Hvricg; ]>reorliilal broad, Ichh than 5 in head;

Hocond anal Hpino alxiut oa Hlont an tliird, more than :i In head, not aa long

ax OrHt ray ; ncahm Hniall ; anterior ]>rolllo iiot concavti,

c. Anal III, loorll; Hnont Hliort and aliarp, more than 3 in head; eye largo,

abont 4 in head. Form and ((cneral appearance of O. chrymijiteruii;

IxMly oblong, coniprcHHed, tlie back elevated, thn profile Hteep and

nearly Htraight, convex at the napo; preoperdo finely and Hharply

Herrate; teotli Hniall, outer above li litthf enlarged.

d. iTawa nni'<|iial, the lower included; Hol't doraal with 15 raya; ncalcH

8-52-15; pectoral Hhort, Ijj in head; each acalo with a bron/,e H|)ot.

itKDDiNrn, 1708.
dd. JawHniibn<|unl; Hoft dornal 15 or 10 ; acaloa aniall, 0-58-18; gill rakora
very Hliort and aniall, x| 12; pectoral falcate, long, c(iual to
head; maxillary scarcely reaching eye. Outline of dorsal
straight; Hpinoa low and slender; anal HpineH graduated; caudal
moilerutoly forked, ujipor lobe the longer, (.'olor pale gray ; pale
chalky -bluiMli atreaks along the edges of tho rows of soaleH; a
pale streak below bane of doraal; linH rather pale, the Hoft dorsal
mottled with darker. CIIAU^euh, 1700.

or. Anal III, 12 nr 13; snout long and sharp, loss than 3 in head; Jaws
oqiial ; maxillary not reaching to eye ; preoporcle very slightly serrate
above, the some blunt, obsolete below ; gill rakers short and slender,
«+12; scales small; the crown, cheeks and pieces of the gill cover
covered with small scales ; smmt in advance of the nostrils ; suborbitals
and lower Jaw naked ; dorsal and anal spines inclosed in a deep scaly
sheath. Outline of dorsal slightly notchetl ; anal rather high ; pec-
toral shortish ; caudal well forked.
e. Second anal spine shorter than third, more than 5 times in head.

/. Body ovate-elliptical, much elevated at shoulders, depth less
than 3 in body ; scales comparatively small, 10-60-10; rays of
soft dorsal 10. Color metallic brownish-olive above, changiug
to yellowish on belly ; indistinct golden streaks along rows
of scales; yellowish and bluish blotches on fin membranes.

CIIRYHOI'TEBUS, 1710.

//. IJody elongate-elliptical, slightlj' elevated at shoulders; depth
3J in b(Mly; scales comparatively large, 8-00-10; dorsal rays
15, Color metallic grnyish-blue altove, yellowish below;
faint lighter str'.'!'.!:s following the rows of scales; blotches
on the fin membranes. poeyi, 1711.

ce. Secoml anal spine about as long as third, less thai 5 times in head;
mouth small, muxillaVy 4 in head; snout short, 2J in head;
spinous dorsal high, 2} in head. Body oblong, the back elevated ;
the profile convex at the nape, depressed above eye, thence per-
fectly straight to the tip of snout. Color brownish-gray above,
soiled silvery below ; upper parts with 8 diffuse cross bands as
wide as the interspaces, extending to below middle of sides ;
membrane of opercle daik, some dark streaks following rows of
S(^ales; dorsal with some dull orange and some pale round

spots. CANTH.ABINU8, 1712.

u

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1330 nuUctiu /7, UniUd States IWitional Museum,

J

KM'

EVArniHTIfl («5, Woll; «, without., »piffTrjt, HRW):

oa. Soft (lorHiil un<l iiiiiil willi i> row ol' huiuII M<'iiloit mi tlm iiioinbruiiK bolilnil eitrh riiy.
Priwi|Hiri'l() i'iitii'i<; |iriiorliitiil ItrontI, \\ in liciiil ; inoiilli i'iiIImt liirKr,
.'/. liotl.v riitli»r eloiiKiit)', in form iiiliTiiiciliuti' Im<Iwi'«<ii /«ri'ri/<iiMii> ittiil chulcmt
bnok rlinitliHl iiiiil romprcHHt'tl, I'Mpcrially iiiit)<riorl,v : )irollli< rf|{iiliiil
r<)iinil<<il; niuxilliiry nol r<>arliiii){ to o|i|io.silo front of )<yo; k"I riiki i -
nio<lfriiti*, x|-t4; Hnont lon^. nioiloriit«<l.v Hliiirp: .iiiwm HiilitM|Miil; h<'iiI< ,
lar^to; HoiiifBcricM o> HcuUiHon HoftilorHiil uixl iinikl, it row rloHe lirlilml cin ii
nty. DorHiil tin riitlmr ilcuply nolcht'd; H|iin<'M low anil HJuniliT; un.il
H|)inuH Knuliiiilutl ; |i«H'toral CaUiatr, ratlirr loii);: cmimIiiI ilri^ply lorKiil
Color tiark K''»y. no) Hil\t<r,v; rrntitr of raili Hcaltt <lark, IIicnx HpolH foiin
iiiK t'onliniioiiH Hlntakr) alotiK tlio rowHof Hiali-H: iIioho ImOow tho lali'i <I
lino ratlirr It-ioi ilitilinrt; liim rullivr dark; opcrriilur nirnilinint' anil a\il
llllKky. l.l'TIIUIMtlMllH, 171 :

Subgenus ORTHOPRISTIS, (!<:,ir<l.
1707. OltTllontlSriM KOUKKISI. .Ionian A SlaikH.

Hoiia:^; ilnpth ;{. 1). XII or XIII, If); A. Ill, 11; sialiH !t-8() lo Nr>-L'();
Hiioiit 2;'; iiiaxillaiy \\\\ (»rl>it -U ; loii^cNt duiHiiI spiiio 2{; hciuiuI tiii;i|
Hpiiiti ;U ; purtoriil \\\ v<;iitriilH 1^; upper ciiiitlal lulto 1^. Iluily olilmi;,
coiiipruHHtHl, tlio ])rolil« ^ftitly curv<;(l to ilorsiil. Il«;.'i<l iiioik>nito, tliejiiWM
Hubrqiiiil; tueth siiiull, tlio «iiitrr a lit tin (uilar^^nl ; maxillary uxtfiKJin^ in
tlio vurtit'ul from poNti-rior noHtril; ciiiii witli muiliaii pit; interorliital
«-oiivex, itH width about uqiial to orbit; vi^rtical limb of itruoperdo Nli^litlN
convex, fmtily serratud ; gill rakors Hhort, about S-f-M. L'l'; preorbital
inoilorato, \\\ in head, 3 in itH leant width. Snout, maxillary, and lower
jaw naked; scales on head small anil crowded. Dorsal low, the lon^rsi
ray about li in the longctst H]>ine; second anal spine not longer than tliinl.
but slightly stouter, about half as long as longest ray; pectorals model
ate, reaching past tips of ventrals, but not to vent ; upper lobo of caudal
the longer; second anal spine moderate, about as long as third. Color in
spirits, dark brown above with bluish retlections; all lins dusky except
pectorals; caiulal edged with light; membrane of opercle dark ; ])reoj)er-
cle with some dark siiots. Described from two specimens, each about a
foot long, fnun Albemarle Islanil, one of the (iaiapagos. (Named for Ih.
Stephen Alfred Forbes, of the University of Illinois, in recognition of Ins
work on the /Vmrf/r.)

Orthopii»tiii/oihe»i, iTohdan & SiARKS, in Cimikut, I'r m-,. l". S. \at. Muh. 18!)0 (18117), ICl,
Albemarle Island, Galapagos Archipelago. ('I'yii >io. 47574, V. K. N. M. C<>ll.
AWatrost.)

1708. OltTIIOIMtl8TIN KKDDlNta, Jordan \ ItidiardHon.

Ilirad .SJi ; de])th 'A. D. XII, 15; A. Ill, 10; scales 8-52-15, 5!? pores. Kye
ii in head; nuixillary 3^ ; preorbital 4i :a snout; pectoral l^ in head;
longest dorsal spine 21^; longest soft ray S'lj ; second anal spine 4!i ; ven-
tral 1|; upper caudal lobo Ik; base of soft dorsal in spinous IJ. Iiiidy
oblong, the back not much elevated; the anterior profile straightisli,
slightly depressed above the eye; mouth small, low, the maxillary reaeli-
ing to opposite the nostril; teeth subeqiial, in broad bands; lower Jaw
included; nostrils both oblong, the anterior the larger; eye rather lar;;t'.

alioiit as

it-* poster

>niall,abi>

lliii'4(t belo

iiiiddle of

till' iiieiliai

Hee fniui

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than Idwei

Im liiiid ,'ixi

VeiittalH,

with a hrit;

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inlrrriipted

iIihiiIn: unti

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allied to the

hut has tlie

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Ionian atid Rvermann. — Fishes of Nortli America. 1337

iil.oiit n« wido ftd the hroail preorbltftl; prooperola very finely ■orrated on
its iMmttsrior innrKi'i ""•>', tli« Horrfttloiin very woivk ; kIII rnkorH Hliort and
siniill about \-\ ncalea inodorute, tim rown iilxtvelittt^ral lino very oblitiuo,
ilioti! Itolow n«arl,v liorizoiital, the sorioH from Mio Hcupular Hcale loachinR
iniiMlt' <»'' H|iinouH dorwal. 8pinoiiH tlornal moderate, not deeply noti-'uod,
ilir iiu'diim HpineH iiijiirt'd in yontli in tiie typo Mpceimen; soft dormil low,
iit'i' from acaloM; anal HpineH low, the Hi'cond a little lon^^er than third;
Niil'i ravH HcalelfHH; tumdal Innate, the lobuH nii<-(|nal, tlir npper longer
tliiiii lo\v«^t', which iH more obtnHi^; vontralH rather lon^, hiHortod JnHt
litliiiid axil uf )tectural; pectoral rather Hliort, not qnite reaching tips of
vciitralH. Color pearly K''''y> darker above; each Bcalt* of back and HidoH
with a liri^ht bron/e npot behind itH center, thoHc forming nearly contin-
iidiis HtrcaUH ahmg the rowH of Hcalt>H, riinnin^ npward ami backward
.iiiiciiorly and nearly hori/oiitally «in nidcn, where tln-y are more or lesM
iiit< ri'»))tcd or tranHpoNcd; head plain Ki'"'yi dorsal with some Ntrcakn and
,1, Mills; outer linn plain; vuntralH Homewhat doHky. (inlf of California;
,,ni HiHM'imen K} inches lonj? from La Paz. TIiIh spoeieH in very eloHoly
allicil to the llra/ilian specicH, (h'thopriMth ntlnr (CiiviorA Valenciennen),
liiit lias the body a little more Hlunder and the head lar^or. (Named in
liDiior (if lion, lienjamin H. Keddinv;, lirnt tish commisHioner of California,
;i mail deeply intercHtetl in Hcieutitie reHearcb, to whom Mr. KichardHon
has liieu indebted for many fav(»rH in his former capacity of snporin-
teiideiit of the Califortua Kish Hatching Station at SisHon.)

miliiii'iittit rcdilingi, Jordan \ Uichaudson in Joiidan, KIhUcs of Siimlon, in I'roc.
Cal. Ac. Sul. 181)5, 500, pl.4l, La Paz, California. (I'vpo, Nu.34r>8, I^. S. Jr. Uuiv. Mu8.
Cull llopking oxitedillon t« Miizutlun.)

1700. <»BTil(MMtlSTIS (ilAM'KI'S ((iiuitlior).

Head :ii; depth L'j;. D. XII or XIII, 15 or 1(5; A. Ill, 10 or 11; scales
().5H-1><; maxillury 3;\ ; eye l;i in hea<l; preorbital 1.^ ; peetorall^; 8nout:i,ij;
Hpinoii.s dorsal 2^ ; Hoeoud anal npine I ; bHi^ost anal ray 2(1 ; bane soft dorsal
in M|MiiouH 1 j. Hody oblong, compressed, the profile Hteep and Htraight, con-
vrN at iia|ie. .laws snbeipial ; teeth Hinall, the outer above a litth^ enlarged ;
])ieo|)(n'le finely and sharply serrate; gill rakers very Hhort and small,
T-j-lL'; pectoral falcate, shorter than head ; maxillary scarcely reaching to
eye. (tutlineof dorsal straight, no notch; spines low and slender; soft
tloisal lowandeqnal; anal rather higher and shorter, the spines gradn-
iilcd. ed;io of fin convex; (-audal moderately forked, the npper lobe
longer, ('(dor paler than in related species; pale chalky bluish streaks
idoii;; tlie edges of the rows of scales; a pale streak below base of dorsal;
llns rather pale, the soft dorsal luottled with darker; young specimens
with tilt! hody crossed by broad ditl'use dusky cross bauds. Length 18
inches. I'acitic coast of tropical America, not uncommon, from Cape San
Lncas to the (ialapagos; specimens examined by ns from Mazatlan, Pan-
iiinn, the (iulf of California, and Chatham, Charles, and Alltermarle islands,
ill tiie (ialapagos. (chalceua, brassy.)
3(loO 7

ft
1

^

l.'J3S Jiullcini /7, Unilc J Stales Xational Muscutn.

Vfintiitomn fhaUniiii, OI'ntiikk, Prix'. /iMtl, S<kv l.oml. 1h04, Itn, Panama.

I'rintiiinina kinri. SiKINriAi'llNKU, li litli. Nittl/vii, VIII, M, IHtlU, Maxatlan.

(trthi>inillit ,hillf*U», KVKIIMANN .V .IkNKINH, I'iim-. If. M. Nut. MllM. IHttI, UU; JlllillAN A

Fkmi.kii, l.e.AWi; .fuiiUAN, FiHlioHiil' Hluiilim, \M, IHOS,

1710. OUTIIOIMtlNTIM niKVSOrTI'iKI N ( MiiniMin).

(IMririMII; HAILOUH ( 'HOICK; IICMtKIMII.)

H-

llriulltji; tU)|)tli :."{. L>. Ml or Mil, III; A. Ill, IL' or i:<; hiuI«>h KMio I i;
iiiiixilliiry :ti| ; oyo.'i in IimikI ; prcorltititl :({ ; |MTlorall|; HiioiitL':; iii^lir^i
(loi'Hiil H|iiiio L'J ; ,4«h-oimI iiiiiiI H|>iiii< ft j ; loii^oHt tiniil niy \\\ \n\>M\ Holt iIoimii
in spiiioiiH I ). Koily oviitcttllipticiil, Hoiiit^wliat lOtivulnl iit nIioiiIiIith, i mi
Hidoraltly rotnproHHtMl. Hiioiit loii^ ami NJiar]*, jawH «'<|iial, cauli witli ;i
narrow l>aii<l of Nlmtlfr ttM-tli, llio oiil«<r aliovr a littli^ lar^rr; niaxilliny
not icarliin^ to oyo; pr«Mi|H-rclo very Hli^litiy H«trrat«« abovo, tlin h«>ii,)
liliiiit, oliHolrto b»low; ^ill rakiM'H Hlioit anil Hlt'iiiior, 7 -j- l~- I'**' noun,
clieokN, aixl |>iiu-(iH of tliof^ill cover covorod with Hinall NcaluH; Hnoni in
imIvuiico of the noHtrllH, Hiihor'oilalH, and lowor Jaw naked; dorHiil iinil
anal Hpiiies indoHttd in a dcop Hcaly Nh«;atli, thn h d't rays iiaktMl. Oiitliiii'
of dofNal very HJi^htly notcJiud ; anal rutlior hi^h, Ncc.ond anal h|iiiii'
Hhortor than third; jicotoral HhortiHh, ruachin^ piiNt tipH of vuntmlM;
oaiidal Widl forked, tho uppor lobe the longer. Pyloric cutu (i. Color in
life, li);ht blue above, HJindiii); ^''^'ln'^'Iy >"'** Hilvery bul(»w; prflor1iit;il
and Hiioiit of a clear Hky-bliie; a daHh of blue on each Hide of upper lip:
each Hcalo on body with a blue center, the ed^e with a bron/.e Hpot, IIhhi
forming on back and Hides very diHtiuct orange-brown HtripcH alon;; tin
rowH of BcalcN, tlioHe ab(»ve the lateral line extt-nding oldiipiely upw:iiil
and backward, those below being nearly horizontal; snout with bntn/r
Hpots; 1 or 2 cross lineH connecting front of orbits; 2 or :< oblique lines on
)>reorbitul, besidcH nunierous broi./.o npotn larger than thoHe on the lioily;
preorbital also with dusky singles, one of which extentis on upper Ii|i;
chocks and o]tercles with distinct bnui/e HpotH, larger than those on
body; iiiHide of mouth pale; inside of gill cavity tinged with golilm;
dorsal translucent, with about 'A bron/e longitudinal shades, composed oi
Hpots, those of soft dorsal most distinctly spot-like; edge of tin dusky;
caudal jdain, yellowiHh at base, dusky t(»ward the tip; anal whitish, \[»
edge dusky, its base sL^iied with bron/e; pectorals and ventrals yellow
ish, the latter darker :'t t.p. Fresh specimens show no tra«u) of verticil
bandn. In examples )>ies<Tved in alcohol the yellowish and blue nmrk-
ings gradually disappear and dark cross shades become a])parent. A
specimen 5 years in alcohol shows the following coloration: Silvor-gniy,
with faint streaks along the rows of scales; a distinct narrow dusky liaml
from front of spinous dorsal through base of pectorals; behind this 7 orx
cloudy, obscure bands, alternately broad and narrow; a horizontal dusky
shade behind eye; spinous dorsal with a faint medium pale shade; soft
dorsal with 3 rows of faint spots ; other tins nearly plain. licngth 12 to l"i
inches. South Atlantic and (Jnlf coasts of the United Htatcs; a conmum
and valued food-fish, abundant along the sandy shores of the enstt^rii

I

IIc.'kI .1)

'•': ill lieiid ;

seiMiiid iiii;i

l!oil,\ eloii^

slender tliiii

yniyisli Mil

lows iiC Hen

lla\';iiia; ik

rliriiHiiiilcriiM,

(Named for

I III versify j;

OrtliiipiUlX!, /nil
OrllKijiiislin fiof

Head ;{! ; d
Mia \ ilia IV I ii

dorsal

sei

N|llill>IIS \\.
'lie |in>/ile <•(
•*fiai;,'li(, to tip
'•'"'til, the out
■"iiall; preorb
-liiilitly seiTjit
iiid Mleiid(.|-, ,
;ill cover cov(
'i'"'rliital8 an
''''•|»>*<'aly she;
f ("Ttoral shorti
; 'li'''l. Color li

"■'ll ei^rlif, ,|j„.

'"'low niid(|Jo„

■'ix'tt, as in Orth
'i'lio ahove desc
^^^•C.Z.),fromt

h \

. i;i:-i-.'

Jordan and livet nann. - Fisfus of North America. l.'i.lO

I iilti'il StiitcH froiii l.oiii; InIjiimI to tlio nioiitli of tho UioOniiHlo. (xin'6oi,

^nlil; irrtfioy, llii.)

I ,,,a>'liriii<>l>lf>i'' l.iNN.Kiii, Synr. Nnt., K<l. xii, 4H.'i, IVtlfl, Charle«ton.

I iihrm fHU'<iiiiiii-\ilahi». Mm Mii.i,, 'rniiiM. I. It. iiidI I'IiII. Suf, N. V. \M\, KMl, New York.

/•,M/if/"mil /ifci"'""'. L.'1'VIKIi A VAl.KNfllCNNM, lllnt. Nlit. I'oIhk., V, I'Hft, IKIO, New

York; .mmhhS-
(),f/.../i/u/i« i/u;»l<'Jt. <lll»AlUi, r. •*. Mi"s. Iloiiiid.. Survey, /,<iol., MmIhh, !.'>, jil. 1», linx. I to 4,

l-i.'i'.i, Indianola and BraxoN Sdntia|{u, Texaa. (t.'itll. (Jliirk mid Wiiidtiiiiiiiiii.)
/ , isfiiiiiiiiil fiilvKhiiiniliitniii, til N'rill';il, t'lit., I, IIOI.
ihilii'i'riili* i!htii»o>>ti'nn, J oHitSN A Tkhlku, /. i-., 41«».

1711. OltTMOntlvri^i l'0»:VI, Sniddn.

Il.ail ;M; "U'l'tli :i\. I». Xll, l'); a. hi, 1L'; hphWh H-«(»-ir.; nmxlllaiy
:;' ill littad; «iy<^r»; |>r<>(>rliitiil .'<'/; piutoral I]; Hiiiiiit L'i\ ; N|iiii()UH (IoihiiI It;
?,i>('nii(l iiiiiti N|iino Ti:^ ; loii;;«^Ht iiiiiil ray •'; Ixisi- Holt iluiHiil in apiiuniH i;.
I'ldiis i'liin;{uttf-i'llipti<'iil, Hli<r|itly «-loviit<-il tit HhniiMrrH, nillii'i' iiiorH
slt'iidirtliiiii ill ff. vhrijHoi>Urun: HciiltHroiiipiinitivtOy lar^r. Color inotiillif-
>r|';i\isli Itliin al)ov(«, y«llo>viH)i Im^Iow ; t'uiiit li^litt^r HtrtMikn rollowiiij; tlin
lows of HcalnH; lilotrlioH on tin iiutiiihiaiipH. \V«Ht IikIIoh; not rant at
IliivMiia; not H«'OM fls«nvli«ro. 'V\w HpocioH is vory cIohc to OrtlioprinliH
rhniKiiiiltriiH, but tlio hotly Ih iiioru Hlendnr antl tlitt itcalcH uro ratlior lar};ri-.
(NaiiH'tl f"'" Pi'oft'HHor Ft'lipti I'ney, lor many yoai-8 tho nntiiraliHt of tho
I iiiviM.sity of Havana.)

OrtAo/'i'iV^iN ;"i'V/t (Si'ODDKK MS.) Pokv, Syii)i|miM, 'M'i, 18UH, Havana.
Orlhnjirintis {lori/i, JoHDAN A Kkhlkk, J. C.OtM).

I7I>.'. OKTIIOritlKTIS t AM'ilAltlM'N (.liiiyim).

Ilr.id:!'; doptliL';;. 1). XII or Mil, 1". oiKi; .V. Ill, 12; H«alt'H!MM)-l«;
iiiaxilliiry I in IkimI; fyo l<{; |trtM>riiitaI I ; pcrttnal 1; kiiouI l' | ; HpinoiiH
liiiiHiil 2\', Heconil anal Hpino I; lon;;rst anal ray 2-1; hauo Hoft tloiHul in
HpiiHHKs l|. Itotly o'ltlon);, th«) hark oluvattMl, It'HH ho than in It. chaltriiH,
tiii< |iniliio (lonvox at tint napo, ilfpit^sHftl ahove eye, thonco perlVctly
stiai;;lit tt> tip of Hnoiit. .lawH i't|nal,oach with a naritiw band of Hl«ndi<i-
ti't'tli, tlir oiitor abovo Hlightly «;nIai';riMl ; snttiit lathi't' Hht>rt, sharp; «>yo
small; |ir<>orbital brtiatl; maxillary not icarhin}; tot^yo; |>rt>opcM'clo veiy
sli;;htly sciratt* abovo, tho sei'iii' blunt, ttbstdcte below; ^ill lakt-rs short
aiiil Hlciidi'r, j-f-1-. S(!ah(H Hinall; tho crtiwii, checks, antl pioctis of tho
;;ill cdvcr fovtirtitl with small scalos; sntmt in atlviiino t>f tht) nostriln;
siiliorliitalH antl lowor jaw iiiikotl; tlorsal antl anal 8i>ini;s inrlosod in a
ili'i'{) scaly Hhi>ath. Ontlint- of tltuHal slightly notciiod; anal ratht-r hi^h;
pcrtdral shortish; faiidal wtdl forkotl ; H<M-t>ntl anal H])ino abt)nt as lon^ as
third. C(dor brownish-;j;rayish aliovo, soih^l silvery btdow ; iijiptT piirls
with iMjjht tlitl'iiHo frt)8sbantls, as witlo as tho inter spat'os, oxtentliuj; tt>
lielow iiiiddlo of sitlos; inomlirane of tipertde dark, some dark streaks Ibl-
lo\viii;j rows of Hoalos; dt)rsal with sonio tliill ttrango antl some palo ronntl
siMitii, as in (Jrthopriatis chvuMptvruH. Lon<;th, a foot, (lalapajjos Islantls.
Tliu above descriptitm from two examples, eaeh about a fot)t lonj; (41518,
M. C. Z. ), from the Galapagos Islands, The scanty de8.Tipti(»n of Ilaniulon

I !

mf

■>•/

'',«'!

1340 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum,

mode$tum, said to bn rare on the vrholo coast of Peru, Beonis to belong to
this species. (From Cantharna (= Spondylisoma), a genus of sparoid fishes,
which this species remotely resembles.)

Priitipoma cantharinum, Jknynk, Voyage Beagle, FiHlies, 49, 1842, Galapagos Islands.

(Coll. (Jliarhm Darwin.)

* lliinnvlon modestiim, TsniUDi, Fauna reniaua, 11, '.344, Peru.

Orlhopriatis cantharinug, Juudan & Feslek, 2. c, .'iOO.

I'M:

:.\"'t

mi':

::),: ';:i

:t ■ : ' '

Subgenus EVAPRISTIS, Jordan & Evomiann.
i;i». OUTIIUPKISTIS liKTHOIMtlSTIS, Jordan & FvhUt.

Head .Si; depth .3. D.XII, 14; A. Ill, 11; scales 8-65-15 ; uiaxillary .3 in
head; eye 4$; proorbital 3|; ]>cctoraI 1 {^„ ; snout 2.^; spinous dorsal 2 ' ;
second anal spine 6^; longest anal ray 3^; base soft dorsal in spinous 1).
Jtody rather elongate, in form intermediate between Isaviella hrevipinxm
and (). chalceua; back elevated and couipnsssed, especially anteriorly,
profile legularly rouudt-d; mouth larger than in any other species of
Orthoprintin; maxillarj' shorter than snout; jaws subequal; teeth small,
the outer above longt-r, slender and dose set; maxillary not reacliing to
opposite front of eye; gill rakers of moderate length, a little shorter tliaii
pupil, X-{-14; snout long, moderately sharp; eye moderate; prcorbilal
broad; preopercle strictly entire; series of scales on soft dorsal and anal,
a row close behind each ray, as in laaciella ; scales of body without actcs-
sory ccales. Dorsal tin rather deeply notched, spines low and slendi r;
solt dorsal low, highest toward the front; anal long and rather low, with
straight free border; anal spines graduated, the third scarcely half hei^'ht
of first ray; pectoral falcate, rather long; caudal deeply forked. Color
<lark gray, not silvery; center of each scale dark, these spots forming con-
tinuous streaks along the rows of scales, those below the lateral line rather
lessdistinct; tins rather dark; opercular membrane and axil dusky. Gala-
pagos An-hipeliigo; known only from th«! (u-iginal type (2fi!)47, M. C. Z.),
15 inches long, from the Galapagos Islands. {AyOojiUrt, to forget; npidn^,
used for itpi6tti<;, a saw; in reference to the entire preopercle.)

Orthopristis lethopriMtit, Joudan & Fksi.ek, I'roc. A(5. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1889, 36, Galapagos
Islands ; Jokuan &. Fk.'slek, I. c, 500.

547. ISACIELLA, .Fordau »fe Feslei.

Itaciella, .Tohdan it Feslek, Koview of tbe Sparoid FislicH of America and Europe, 4!I7,
1893 [lirevipmnU).

This genus is close to Orthopristia, from which it differs chielly in the
presence of suuiU accessory scales at the base of the scales of the body.
The form is somewhat peculiar, approaching that of Microlepidotus ; the
fins are very low and the soft dorsal and anal are scaly. One species
known. (Diminutive of laaeia, a related genus which has no groove at
the chin; hacla is from the .Japanese name Isaki.)

*Head3ii in total; depth 4. I). XIII, 10; A. Ill, 13; maxillary not quite ieaeliin>r (ve:
second ai<iil spine loiiy;or and thicker tluin third. Hl.ackish gray, paler below. I'.uiin
coast of Peru. iScarce, Length 11 inches. (Ttchudi.)

'foad 3i; dept
inhe;ul; eye4f;
second anal spine

«o''yollipti(.aielo]
prolilo convex fro
teeth, curved inwj
"'eye; interorbit.1
'I"'"*'; preopercle si
'^qual to maxillary

Jordan and Evermanti. — Fishes of North America. 1341

1714. INAriRLLA BKRVIIMNNIS (Steindarlmer).

XUyxA'M ; <loi»tli3. I). XnijlB; A. Ill, 12 or 13; Hcalos 10-«S-20 ; maxillary
;U in head: eyo 4^; preoj bital (>i ; pectoral 1; suoutS,*; spinous <lorHal
21; Hocond anal spine 5jt; longest anal ray 3.J; Itaso of soft dorsal in base of
s|)iiionH dorsal 1^. Preopercle weakly serrate; ])reorbital very narrow, GJ^
ill lioiul ; mouth small, maxillary longer than snout. Body rather fusiform,
soiiiowhat compressed, the back elevated, anterior profile stoe]), convex;
mouth with narrow oands of brush-lik<^ teeth, the outer above slender
irloHo set and a little enlarged; maxillary reaching to anterior edge of eye;
(rill rakers short and slender, x + 10; snout sliort, blunt; eye large; lower
jaw included. Scales small, exter ling from preorbital to fork of caudal,
covering bases of pectorals, ventrals, soft dorsal, and anal; base of each
8cal(^ at; b».se of trunk and posterior part of head cov»'red with minute
acci'ssory scales; a series of small scales on the niembrano behind each
ray; dorsal and a:'al fins in a low seaiy sheath; dorsal fin slightly
notched, last spine H in first soft r^y ; spinous dorsal low, spines slender;
soft dorsal and anal very lov. , third anal spine longest; pectoral sharp,
falciite, as long as heo'l, caudal long, deeply forked. Color light blnish-
I'ray, with brownish-gray stripes following the rows of scales. Pacific
coiiHt of Mexico ; rather rare. This species and the preceding form a transi-
tion I'rom Microlepidotus to typical Orthopristis. (brecia, short; pinna, fin,
from the low dorsal and anal.*)

rrisiipomahreviin.inf, STEiNnACiiNER, Iclitli. Notizpii, vin, 10, ]869,Mazatlan.
OrtlK'iiHalis brevipinnis, JouDAN & Feslek, I. c, 500; Jordan, Fishes of Siiialoii, 4flH, 1895.

548. MICROLEPIDOTUS, Gill.

MicndeiddotuK, (iu.i,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1802, 256 (inornatus).

Tills genus is near (hrthopristis, differing chiefly in the elongate form,
very snj.iU scales, increased number (14) of dor.sal spines, and deeply
notclied fins, the '^.orsal and anal being scaleless. The skull is very broad
aud rounded, the interorbital width greater than length of snout; the
temporal crest risis above the pupil and is high, more thi>n half the
lieiglit of the supraoccipital crest, which rises above front of pupil. One
species known, (//f^poj, small; XeTtTScoro'^, aaAed).

1715. MICUOIiElMDOTUS lM)U\ATi;S, Gill.

(JOI'ATON.)

I lead 3i ; depth 3}. D. XIV, 15 ; A. Ill, 12 ; scales 0-80-20 ; maxillary 3i
in head; eyc4f; preorbital 7^ ; pectoral 1 1'„ ; snout 3^; spinous dorsal 2^^;
second anal spine 6; longest anal ray 3J; base soft dorsal in spinous U.
IJody elliptical elongate, slightly compressed, the back moderately elevated,
lirolile convex from nape to snout; nu>uth large, with numerous bristly
teetli, curved inward, larger in front ; maxillary reaching to a.ueiior edge
of eye; interorbital space very broad; preorbital very narrow; jr.ws sube-
i|ual ; preopercle sharply serrate ; gill rakers short, H -f 17 ; snout bluntish,
equal to maxillary ; eye very large. Scales very small, extending from

I 1 S'

mm i"

■^

1342 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

1-

::::!r:;:f;

nostril to fork of caiidul, covering base of pectoral and vontrals; dorsiil
and anal fins included in a deep, scaly shoatli which runs out to the ti|is
of last r.-iys; Hcales on dorsal and anal rays only visible by the aid of a
lens; scales of l)ody withont accessory scales. Dorsal lin deeply notched,
last spine 1.) in first ray; spinous dorsal hi<rh, sitines slender; -oft dorsal
very low and lonj?; anal slij^htly hij^her than soft dorsal, seciuid spino
longest; pe«'toral sharp, falcate; caudal sharp. Color Iduish-yray, with
lij^hter lon<>;itudinal streaks of bright bron/e; nppur lins with golden;
caudal partly dusky; preovbital with vertically oblong spots. Length IX
int^hes. Oulf of California, rather rare, about rocky islands; specimen^
examined by us from Cajie San Lucas, (inaymas, La Pa/,, and Ma/atl.-m.
(inoriiatiis, not adorned.)

Microlepidoltit iitornahit, (Jir.i,, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1802, 2,'>(i, Cape San Lucas

((^ull. Xaiitus) ; JoKDAN, FishoH lit' Sinulim, 4011, 18!).'i.
Orthiipiiatiii imtnialvg, Kvekmann &■ Jenkins, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1891, 148; Jukdan i

Fkislek, I. c, 501.

549. GENYATREMUS, Cill.

Oenyatremvx, Oiu., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 18C2, 256 (cavifrons).

This genus rewembles AniaotremuH in most external respects, but there is
no central jtore or groove at the chin. In this respect it ugn with
I'lectorhjiuehiiH, I'araprislipoma, and Imcia, groups not rei)restiitt'ii vntliin
our limits; the species without this groove belonging chiefly to the old
World. One species known, a robust fish with strong spines and a convex
profile ; soft dorsal and anal scaleless. (yeyvi, chiu ; a, privative ; r/jt'/iKt,
aperture. )

1716. OKWATRKMIIS LIITKUS (Blocli).

Head :}^ ; depth 2i. D.XIH.l^; A.IILH; scales 11-52-19. Hodyovato,
compressed, the back much elevated, the depth a little less than half body;
anterior profile evenly <'onvex at nape, gradually becoming concave to
front of eye, where it rapidly descends straightish to point of snout:
iuterorbital area Hat, about equal to eye; occijdtal crest arising opposite
middle of pupil, its base rising on the highly arched frontals consideialily
above top of the low temporal crest. Head small ; snout blunt and short;
mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching past anterior edge of orbit; iiiite-
rior nostril oblong, much larger than posterior; preorbital very narrow,
about i as wide as eye; eye large, 8 in head; jireoperclo strongly seiriiU'
on angle, the serra) gradually becoming weaker on both limbs; gil! rakers
weak, about 7 below angle, besides rudiments. Donsal lin high, the liftb
si)ine longest, the last spine slightly longer than the preceding one .iml
about } as long as the iirst ray ; anal fin lower than soft dorsal, the second
spine longer and stronger than third; ]»ectorals short; caudal subtruncatr.
Scales small, not paralhd with lateral line, arranged obliquidy above and
horizontally below, largest below the lateral line; vertical lins scaleliss;
scapular scale very evident, about three times as long as broad; latcrnl
line not following outline of back, wavy below the soft dorsal. Color i;,
spirits uniform gohlen, with numerous longitudinal stripes of a brighln

liody ob
cut scales,
coiicnrreni
crests on t
small, ten:
m.ixillary
iMcnt.il bou
Itital, whic]
teetii stronj
teelli of jai
|M)stcrior u
pliaryngeali
luaiiehiie la
tlie isthmus
of head usu
till) sjjines u
tbar is, altei
left, the spi
soft dorsal, i
more or less
or less conca
few; vertehr
shore fishes t
'it'll Sea, ant
tbeiii much
('•'It. Fishes,

" 'i'w'lli ill In

terior n

'' Socoiid

tin

Hlit

c. Frt

I, ,

Jordan and Evcrmann.— Fishes of North America. V^\'^

color following the rows of acnles bolow tho lateral lino. LeaHor Antilles
to Itiiizil; not rare on sandy coaats. It has not been found in Cuba.
^uacnx, yellow.)
1 iiti'iium /u^'I«, 1'l.ocii, Ichtliyologia, pi. 247, 1793, Martinique; on a tlniwiiiK liy

I'l.U.MIlilt.

linniiminlfitlieixituii, HU)CII \ ScilNKlDKU, Syst. Ii;lith., 187, 1801; n(\vr Hi.ocH.
li.airaiiima cavi/rom, CrviKU & Valenciennks, Hint. Xat. I'oisH., v, 'J90, jil. l'j:i, ls;to,

Rio Janeiro.
' I'r'atiliuma ti'ffula, (JfVlER ifc VALENCIENNES, Hint. Nat. I'oiss., v, 'J72, Martinique.
' irixtiiiomaauratuiii, CiiViEii & Vai.enciennkh, Hist. Nat. Toias., v, 272, Martinique.
uuiijatrimusluteut, Jokuan & Fesi.er, I.e., M\.

J

• (*

Sl'AUIN.l

: ■ .'4

(1. ■'.'(•):

■'4

Ik

i ;l

Family CLI. SrAlilD.E.

(TlIK PolUilKS.)

l'io<ly oblong, or luoro, or less elevated, covered witb rather larj^e, adher-
III t scales, which are never truly ctenoid. Lateral lino well developed,
coiiciinent with the back, not extending on caudal lin. Head large, the
iicsts oil the skull usually largely developed. No suborbital stay. Mouth
siuiill, terminal, low, and horizontal. Proinaxillaries little protractile;
luaxillary short, peculiar in form and in articulation, without supple-
iiuMital bone, for nuist of its length slipping under the edge of the preor-
liital, which forms amcreor less distinct sheath; preorbital usually broad ;
tcetii strong, those in front of jaws conical, incisior-liko or molar; lateral
tcctli of Jaws always blunt and molar; no teeth on vomer or palatines;
posti'iior nostril largest, usually ):iore or less oblong or Hlit-liko; lower
liliaiyngeals sejiarate; gills 4, a large slit behind the fourth; ]»8eudo-
braiicliiio large; gill rakers moderate; gill membranes separate, free from
tlic isthmus; preoperclo entire or serrulate ; opercle without spines; 8i«le8
of la-ad usually scaly; dorsal lin single, continuous, or deeply notched,
tlio s))ine8 usually strong, depressible in a groove; spines heteracanthous,
tliar is, alternating, the one stronger on the right side, the other ou the
left, the spines 10 to 13 in number; anal fin rather short, similar to the
soft dorsal, and with 3 spines; ventral tins thoracic, the rays 1, 5, with a
more or less distinct scale-like appendage at base; caudal fin usually more
or less concave behind; air bladder present, usually simitle; pyloric ececa
few; vertebra* usually 10 4-1'1^=24; intestinal canal short, ("aruivorous
slioio lishes of the trojdcal seas, especially abundant in the Mediterranean,
Red Sea, and West Indies. (Jenera about 12, species about 90, most of
them much valued as food. {Sparidw, Saryina, and I'aijrina, Giinther,
Cat. Fishes, I, 437-183.)

til in front of jaws conical or incisior-liko, not molar; dorsal fin (■outinuous; pos-
terior nostril oblong; preoperclo entire.

Socoml iuterhiomal bone enlarged, bollowed anteriorly, or pen-sbaped, receiving
tin posterior end of tbe air bladder in its anterior groove; jtosterior nostril
slit-like; cheeks scaly.
c. Front teeth narrow, compressed, forming lanceolate incisors; thetirst spine
bearing interneural with an antrorso spine; temporal irest obsolete;

1

i t

1344 Bulletin 47, Untied Slates National Museum.

/<

|rri:j:i|p!i:d5i

lateral cront nowhere <;oalo8cing with the supraocclpital crest; inter-
orbital area tlattitili, witli two low ridges; a small foranion in eacli ui'
these above front of jiiipil; intororliitnl arxa much contracted aiitcn
orly; a Htron^ly )>ro,jo4;tiiiK prefrontal process, whit^li makes an aciiin
angle witli tlio Hupraorbitul.
d. Frontal bonoH jtartly porous and giliboii.4; aiitrorsn dorsal spii><> m
tachcd directly to the intornoiiral; (ti.inl dorsal tpino very Ion:,
longer than head). Otkynteii, Wm.

(Id. Frontal bones not gibbous norporousj autrorsn dorsal spine attiK^lml
to the interneural by a long process or spur; (third dorsal fplin'
about half head). Stenotomus, 5.1.

eo. Front teeth conical or canino-Iiko; first spino-bonring internoural witliout
antrorsu H|)ino; temporal crest very liiin and high, joining the later . I
crest wliicli forms part of the margin of orbit above middle of r v c.
both crests coalescing with tlie supruoecipital in the cavernous anterior
part of the intororbital area; interorbital area somewhat contracicil
anteriorly; j)refrontal process very strong, making an obtuse an;;lu
Avitli tlie supraorbital, tliis process forming a conspicuous knob aliuvc
the long posterior nostril. Calamits, .IVJ,

hb. Second iutcrluemal spine normal, not "pen-shaped;" cheeks scaly.

e. Front teetli conic, not compressed; no incisors; occipital crest coaloHccni

with the tem]ioral crests ; no antrorse sjiine on first interneural ; dm sal

spines usually 11 to 13.

/. Anterior teeth in both Jaws strong, decidedly canine-like; body niMic

or less deep and compressed. Sparus, ,^.".:i.

er. Front teeth incisor-like; no canines.

y. Incisors broad ; molars in 2 to 4 series in eac^li ,jaw.

h. First spine-bearing interneural witli an antrorse spine in IVmii.
1. Snpraoccipital and temporal crests nowlu^ro coalescont, i In'
interorbital area not swollen; fnmtal bone in the inter
orbital area thin, concave in transverse section ; tim.
poral <ire8t low, separated from snpraoccipital crest liy
a flattish area wbidi extends forward on each side (jI
supraocci)>ital crest and to groove of i)remaxilliirv
spines. (Incisors conspicuously notched.)

Laoodon, Mi.

ii. Supraoccipital and temporal crests coalcscent anlericirly,

botli disapjwariug in the gibbous interorbital area;

frontal bone between eyes transversely convex aint

more or less honeycombed; temporal crest separated

from occipital crest by an excavated area boumled

anteriorly by tlie lateral crest, wliich merges into tlie

supraoccipital above the eye. (Incisors entire or witli

a shallow notch.) AncniosARau.s, .".55.

Iih. First spine-bearing interneural witliout .antrorse spino al)i)ve;

skull essentially as in Archosanjus, the frontal bone iiKin'

cavernous. Diplodls, 55ij.

550. OTRYNTER, .Jord.an «fe Everniaim.
(Dkep-Watek Porgirm.)

Otrynfer, Jordan \- Evermann, Check-List, 388, 1396 (caprinvs).

This {^enns is allied to Calamus and Stenotomus, diftoriug from the former
in its incisor-like front tcetb, and from the latter in the strnctnre of the
skull. Temporal crest rudimentary, i)6rsisting in a swelling of the basiil

i

^il:

liortion of
ovei th« e

ii;illlill HP

spiiio befo
wind pr<K

{nrnri'rt'fi
.sjiiiu\)

I lead 3,',;
till' liiick ai
of I aiiilal;
eye; tempo
tirm (if the
ovci' eye wi
about 2 in )
ill Iitad ; HI)
little enlare
iiiiilai'.s in t\
riiir part of
eiil,ii,i,'e(l, e>
scaly slioiitli
litlli! longer
about 1^ in
leiiutli abou
third longer
attached <lir(
Color light o
bar.-i. ! »eep
iiiuneroii.s ex;
groupers (I'Jp
goat, the spe
which was a
Calamus bajoi

Sti'twldiHui eapr

(Typo, No. 3i

.1 Piyrviis caprin

Stenotomus, Gn.i

Tliis genus
bones, the Hat
ing it; tempo
aiitrorso spine
ing spine abou
with the supi
ridges, a small
area much coal

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1346

t.ortion of the snpraoccipital. Siijiraoccipital crest making a sharp angle
over tb» eye, with a porous, gibbous portion of the frontal bones. Inter-
li'i'iiiiil Hpino having tho peculiar structure seen in Calamus. AntrorHe
Hiihic! b»!foi'o (lorHal attached <lireotly to the fourth internoural, no down-
wiiril process being evident. One species, found in rather deep water.
{nritvi'r)ff},ono who stirs up or whips, from orpyj'oj, tostir; from chelong

'' 1717. OTKYNTKtt CAlMtlNVH (Boaii).

Ii(>ii(l3,', ; depth2. D.XII,12; A. 111,12; sciileH5-r>0-ir). Hody subovato,
till' liiick anteriorly much elevated, the depth about half the length to base
of I iintliil ; anterior prolih- steep and straightish, convex on nape and above
eve ; teniponil crest rudimentary, persisting in a swelling on the basal por-
tion ol' the snpraoccipital bono ; snpraoccipital crest making a sharp angle
over oyc with a porous, gibbons portion of the frontal bones; snout short,
iihoiit 2 in head; eye large, a little less than width of preorbital, about 3i
ill Iicail ; anterior teeth of jaws small, in close-set band, the outer series a
littli- enlarged, compressed, and lanceolate, much as in Stenotonma chrysops;
iiiiiliirs in two rows; dorsal spines very broad and fiat; scales on theante-
ijdi' pint of body mucli enlarged; anterior row of scales on cheek much
t'nl;ii"-('(l extending to level of pupil, about 12 scales in the first series;
sciilv slieath at base of soft dorsal and anal very conspicuous; pectoral a
litlli' longer than head, 23 in body; caudal fin little forked, the middle ray
about 1; in longest my. I'Mrst and second dorsal spines very short, their
Icii'th iiboutH in eye; third, fourth, and fifth n»oreor less filamentous, the
third longer than head. Frontal bones gibbons and porous ; antrorse spine
attiii'litid (liroct'y to the internenral, no downward projecting part «'vident.
Color light olive; silvery below; the young with faint, very narrow darker
bars. 1 »eep waters off the west coast of Florida; as yet known only from
nnnierons examples taken from the stomachs of snappers (Neomunh) and
gronpcrs (l^pinephelim) on the Florida 8nap]»er banks, {caprinim, like a
goat, the species having been sent in under the name "goat-head porgy,"
which was a misunderstanding of the name "jolt-head porgy," which is
Calamus bajonado.)

Stcnutinnut cajirinus, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 426, Snapper Banks off Pensacola

(Typo, No. 30795. Coll. Silas Stearns) ; Jordan tc Fesler, I. c, 507.
Aniiiri't/s crtj>ri?«t«, JoKDAN &. GiLUSUT, Synopsis, 929.

551. STENOTOMUS, Gill.

Stenotomvs, Gn,L, Canadian Naturalist, AugUBt, 18C5 (argyropi).

i This <,'enu8 is close to Calamus, having the same quill-like interhicmal
:| bones, the flattened incisors and antrorse dorsal spine mai'uy distinguish-
in" it; temporal crest obsolete; frontal bones not gibbous nor porous;
antrorse spine attached to the fourth internenral by a downward-project-
ing spine about thrice as long as the spine ; lateral crest nowhere coalescing
V with the supraoccipital crest; iuterorbital area flattish, with two low
I ridges, a small foramen in each of these above front of pupil ; iuterorbital
I area much contracted anteriorly ; a strongly projecting prefrontal process,

1 *

.(■ \'

ii,

'*i

mi

1340 nidldin /7, United Stales National Museum.

:%

whicli niakva an acute au^^le with the Hiipraorhital. Ainuriciin uhore flHheM.
(6TEvo<i, narrow; roiudi, uuttiu);; from th« narrow inciHorH.)

a. Muily oviito, olliptifiil, tiKMleptli itl)<>iil tlio Hiiiiiit from the Ih'Mt dorHul 8|iiiio to ilii>

t^lt'vunlli; iiiitorior prolilo 8t<M'|i; |io<-.toriil Hliortcr (liiiii lieail, 11} in body; Hiii>iit

Hlioit,2J ill lieiul. ciiuvsoi'H, \:\x.

ail. Koily )-loii);iito, ovatv, tlio d«|it!i ilcunfiiMliij; Itiu^liward from tliu ItrHC liurHal h|ijiii':

iiiiliTior |ii-otlIo iiotHteop; ]iu<^toral about aH Ion;; um lu-ad, :i) in Itody; sii.nii

hiiiK, liaU' head. ACULKATrH, IVlli.

17IN. STKNOTOMUH niKVSOPK (Liiinaim).

((.'oMMON Sciri'i PolidV; Hriri'i'AUU.)

Ileadill; depth 2,'„. D. XII, 12; A. Ill, 11; scales 8-50-10 ; snontRhi.it,
2.^ in head; eyu small, narrower than the iireorbital, I to Ij^ in head; fouitli
dorsal Kpine 2, tliird anal spine tlic lon^^est, '.i. Kody ovatc-olliptical, tin;
depth about the Hamu i'rom the lirst dorsal spine to the eleventh: anterior
profile st<>ep, nape convex, a strong depression ahove and in trout of evf,
straightish over snout; pectoral less than head, about 3j in body, extend-
ing to first anal spine; a scaly sheath very conspicuous atbaseofsolt
dorsal and anal tins; temporal crest obsolete; supraoccipital crest <'<iii-
tinnous with the frontal bones; ineisor teeth very narrow, almost coiiicil
ill appearance; nudars in 2 rows above; gill rakers snuill, about G-f-Ki;
top of head, snout, orbitals, and chin naked; scales on cheek extending'
from upper margin of eye, tlie anterior row <-ompoHed of from 15 to L'li
scales; caudal fin forked, the middle ray about 2^ in longest ray. Culoi
brownish, somewhat silvery below, everywhere with bright rellections, Imt
without distinct markings in the adult; soft parts of vertical fins mottled
with dark in adult; young faintly barred; axil dusky. Length about :i
foot. Atlantic coast of the United States fnmi Cape Cod to South C.iro-
lina; one of the commonest food-fishes of our Atlantic coast, especinllj
abundant northward. ( xf^vdui, goUl; to^, eye.)

SiKinm chiysopn, LiNN^KUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 471, 17C6, Cliarleston.

Spartis anif/ropg, Linn^kus, Sy.st. Nat., Ed. xii, 471, 1760, Charleston; young.

Sparxig xdtithurvg, Lacki'i^dk, lU.st. Nat. Pois»., iv, I'JO, 180U, Charleston; ixiiev anjynips

Labriisvernicolor, MireniLi., Tran.s. Lit. &. Pliil. Soc, i, 1815,464, New York.

Sartjiit avibansU, Gii.NTiiER, Cat., i, 44!>, 1859, New York.

Stenotomtis chi-i/svps, .louDAN &. (J.'LiiEBT, Syuopsiy, 556; Jokdan &. Feslek, I. c, 507.

1711». STKNOTtmUJS Atl'LK.VTUS (Cuvier &. V^aleuciennes).
(Southern Poroy.)

Head 3 ; depth 21, . D. XII, 12; A. Ill, 11 ; scales 8-51-15. Body elongate
ovate, the depth gradually decicaaing from first dorsal spine to caudal
peduncle; anterior profile not steep, nape slightly convex, a slifj;lit
depression above and behind eye, convex over snout; pectoral about as
long as head, 3.! in body; scaly sheath at base of soft dorsal and anal
inconspicuous; snout long and pointed, 2 in head; eye large, less tliuii
width of preorbital, about 3J in head; interorbital area very convex; (1
strong c»»nical teeth in front of upper Jaw and 8 in lower; mcdar tietb
coarser and larger than in •!>>. chryaopa ; scales on cheek reaching to to^) of

Jordan and FA'crnmnn. — Fishes of North .hncr/ca. I'M!

('VI', tlio upper rowH I^hb distiiwit than the lower, the anterior mw of about
:'() sciileH; caudiil liu inoderutely forked, the iniddh^ ray about L'| in lon^eHt
lav. I'irst <b)rsiil Hpine an lou); as ey«', the Hecond about hh long as tliird,
uliiili i»4 about 2 iu head; temporal erest obscdete; frontal boues not
,.il)l>oiis or porous; antrorso spine atta<-hed to the fourtli interneural by a
,|ii\\ iiwiird projectin;? ajtur about twice as lon^j as the Hpine. ('ohu- nearly
|i|;iiM dull silvery, with ;;olden longitudinal streaks, followinv; the rows of
>,;il( h; axil tlusky; ventrals dark. South Atlanti«; and (jiilf eoasts <d"the
I'liil'Ml States, from (!upe llatteras toTexas, common. It closely resembles
tln> northern scup, whi(;h it more <U' hss n>|da<'es siuithward. The spi-ci-
iiHiis here described from ('harleston. (acuhulim, spined.)

(■hr'i^iirhrysaciili-aliix, (.'rviEii Jt Vai.kncikn.nes, IliMt. Niit. I'iiImh., vi, i;i7, \h:m, Charles-

Uin

Stfiii't'iiiiiit (iciili'lltlin, .loKKAN \- (ilMIEKT, SyiliipHiM, TmT ; .lollDAN A' KksI.KK, I. <\, f>

i07.

552. CALAMUS, Swainson.

(I'K/ I»R I'LUMA.)

Ciiliiiiiiin, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fislics, i>t<'., n, 1!'.'2, 18:i!» u-alainus).
ihiiiniiKitiHs, I'oKY, Ami. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1872, \H'> (mieioiiK).

jiiiily oldonji, compre.ssed, the back elevated; head large, the proorbital
i|ct'|i; mouth small, the teeth stron<r, those in front conical or pointed, those
III) lilies molar; preopercle entire, jtosterior nostril slit-like; dorsal tin
ralliii' low, not much notched, the soft rays l(»w, not scaly; caudal well
loiKcd; aualsjdnes snuill ; jiectoral rather loufj;. .Second interhicn.al bomi
i-nlar^ed, hollowed anteriorly, or peu-sha]»ed, receivinj^ the posterior cml
(if tlio air bladder in its antericu- groove; first spine-beariu}^ interneural
witliout an tror.se spine; tt^mponil crest very thin a ' high, Joiniu*; the
latt'ial crest which forms part of the margin of orbit above middle of eye,
l)(tth crests coalescing with the supraoeciitital in the cavernous anterior
part of the interorbital area; interorbital area somewhat contracted ante-
riorly; jtrefrontal process very strong, making an obtuse angle with the
supraorbital, this process forming a conspicuous knob above the long
posterior nostril. Shore fishes, remarkably distinguished by the structure
oT tlio interluenuil. This genus contains numerous species, all American,
and all very closely related. All are valued as food-fishes, {ralamua, a
(|uill or reed, from the (]uill-like interha>mal.)

CALAMI'S:

((. Siiili's coiiiiiaratively siiiiill, 8 or O-.^l to .OS-IS or 19; * about 0 vertical rows of HcaU'.s

on baso of itreopcrclc, with al)oiit 12 Hcalcs entering into tlie formal ion of 1)10

lower margin; specicH of large hIzo, with the preorbital deep, tlie pectoral fin

loijjj, and tlie outer teeth Mtrong.

'/. liody very deep, the back elevated, the deiith in adult half the length to base of

10-12
caudal; outer teeth about .., ., in number, the outer one on each side in ouo

or both Jaws HOiuetimeH enlarged, caniue-like, sometimes directed forwards,
especially in the adult.

'Scales above the lateral line are I'ounted from the base of the lirat dorsal spine, those
below the lateral Hue from the base of the tirsi anal apine.

I ■

I!

f i!

i;

t

if

r— "

ai

"1

i

1348 Pulletin ,^7, United Slates National Museum.

W

e. Preorbital with retioulfttionn of the blniiih gronntl color aronnd bronze apoi s |
canines of upper Jaw URiially vertical, but Huniotinios, eapt^cially in (iNI
osaniplea, diructcil more or Ixbh lioriziintally forwunl; litMly dei'|H r
tliun in other HpcicicH, depth 1 ,"0 to 2^ in lungth ; unt«<rior ]>roflle not vi 1 y
Hteop, Hlightly curv(<d; depth of preorhitnl Iom than half head; rwi
large, dorsal ftpiues ntrong, the longOHt 2) to 2\ in head ; ])ector^l^ a
little more than § bmly, Color Hilvory, the huHe and center of each m^lr
Kold*>n, the edge bhiiHli, those colors forming distinct streaks; ailtiii
violet Htri<ak below Hyo, not extending on eyeor opercle ; proo -oital dull
violet, this color forming reticulatiouH around braHsy spotH.

CALAMUS, IT.'il.

ec. I'reorbital ntgion, snout, cheek, and opercles brassy, crossed liy hori/.onliil.
wavy, nonreticulatini; lines of vi(dot blue, brightest on preorbital ami
snout; a sky-blue blotch behind eye over the o]iercle, extending a slinrt
distance on body ; outer oauinos of upper Jaw directed horizontally t'ur
ward, except in the very young, these teeth longer than in C. ealam hh;
anterior ]iroflle nearly straight and very steep to the nape, tin'ii
strongly convex. Color silvery, each hcoIo with a violet spot alxni'
and orange spots below; sides with dark oroasbunds in life, wliiih
disappear at death. pkobiubnb, 17L'!.

bb. liiMly more elongate, the depth 2} to 2} in length.

(/. Upper Jaw with a strong antrorse canine on eacii side, as in O. prorithnt;
preorbital with blue, wavy Htri]ies; preorliitul deep; dorsal high; yir
toral remdiing front of anal; cheeks with blue tlcxnons lin^s, unnstu
mosing and forming rivulatious; spinous dorsal edged with black.

PENNATULA, 1 7J'.',
4-0

dd. Kpperjaw without antrorse canines, the anterior teeth strong, jj u. ""i'

on each side of upper Jaw more or loss enlarged; liody rather oltlom;.

the snont long and iiointed, the anterior protllo forming a ni-;irly

oven curve to front of dorsal. Color dull brassy with little liluf: a

faint blue stripe below eye; preorbital dull coppery, usually plain,

Honietinu^s faintly vi^inod with bluish. Young as in other spec ii's.

with dark crossbands. rajonadu, ITJll.

Grammateus (xpafi^aTtvf, a (lulUpen or instrument for writing) :

aa. Scales comparatively large, 6 or 7-45 to 52-13 or 14; about 5 vertical rows of Hcalis

on base of prcopercle with about 0 scales entering into the formation of tiji'

lower margin ; no antrorse canines.

e. Pectoral fins long, about 3 in IxMly.

/. Scales of mmlerate size, 50 to 52 in the lateral line. Body very deep, tin'

bock elevated, depth about 2j( to base of caudal; longest dorsal .s|iiiii'

about half heml.

ft-8
g. Canines short and strong, about ^--„; preorbital narrow, its lia.-it

width 2} to 2} in head ; sni.'ut short. Body much compressed, ilic
back considerably elevated, the anterior profile steep and rcjju-
larly convex from base of first dorsal spine to point of simiit.
Color brassy olive, witli darker crossbands and few violet marks:
preorbital plain brownish; an inky axillary spot.

BUACHYSOMI'S, 1724.

8-10
gg. Canines inoilorate, about ^. . ; preorbital broad, its least width alidiii

2J in hea<1. Body moderately compressed, rather elongate, the
back only mcnlerately elevated, the anterior profile convex tn
eye, thence straight to point of snout. Color smutty sihiTy,
with dork crossbands; blotches on fins; no black axillary .tiiot.

LEVCOSTSUS, 1725,

ir. I'e

Hejuiaj; dej
(!-' inches long
chicks with 5 (
known species
i length of bo

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America. 1349

//. Scales Urge, about 40 (45 to 48) In latoral line; iMxIy rather elongate, the
depth al>oiit 'ij in body ; lonRoat dormU Hpino alKiiit 2\ in heail.

A, CuuinuH amall, about .„; eye largo, 3 in liea<l; dorMal Hpinos XI ;

preorbitnl narrow, about 04|ual to eye. ]>orHal outline forming

a comparatively regular nnh, tlio bock being elevat^^d, the

anterior profile Hteep and nearly Htraight. Color pliinilHMiun

gray, with a blue Hpot on each Hunlo, preorbital witli bluo

streaks; a blue streak bolow eye; a bluo point in the axil.

MA<'i«)i-.M, 17'.'e.
g
hh. Canines moderate, . , the outer on each Hide sonietinitis <<nlargod;

eye rather small, about 4^ in liimd in adult; preorbital very
deep; dorHal HpineH XII. Itody rather oblong, the Imi^k not
Htrongly arched, tlie anterior profile rather evenly curved.
Coh»r dull silvery, faintly banded; preorbital plain; axil
dusky. TAUKi.Ni'H, 1727.

re. I'ectoral fin short, about ;t|| in body.

i. DorHul outline forming a coinparatirely regular an^b, the anterior profile
from the unout to base of the spinous dorsal evenly convex ; the l)ack
elevated, the depth in the adult aliout 2^ in length; canineH sul)ei|ual,

8
10 '

preorbital not very deep; pectoral shortish. Color dull silvery,

with pearly spots on scales of back; preorbital bliilHli, plain or with

pearly markings, without blue stripes; a faint pale streak below eye;

axil with a small inky black spot; crossbars on body usually ]ier-

sistent. pknna, 1728.

Dorsal outline not forming a regular arch, the anterior prolilo straight

from base of spinous dorsal to nape, where a rather sharp angle is

formed, thence straightish above eye, the snout convex ; liody rather

elongate, the depth about 2^ in length.

8
10*

j. Preorbital deep, nearly twice diameter of eye; canine teeth

Body oblong, the back little elevated, the anterior profile un-
evenly curved, very convex before eye. Color olivaceous, with
dark bars or spots, the centers of many scales pearly; 6 yellow-
ish s|>ots ahing the lateral line; preorbital brownish, usually
with dashes of golden yellow; membrane of opercle orange;
fins mostly barred or spotted. ARfrriFitoNS, 1720.

j). Preorbital not deep, pectoral short, IJ^ in head; dorsal fins low, the

g
longest spine about 3 in heiul; canines , nimlerate, equal.

o

Body little elevated, the anterior profile rather strongly convex,
the curve continuous from snout to middle of dorsal. Color
olivaceous, with darker crossbands; preorbital plain; a dark
axillary spot ; a blue subocular band. meuius, 1730.

Subgenus CALAMUS.

J720. CALAMI'S CALAMUf? (Cuvier &, Valenciennes).

(SAUCER-ETE PORGY; PeZ I)E Pi.uma.)

Hejul ^\ depth IVw to 2^ (2| in total). Eye large, 3f in head in adults
(12 inches long). D. XII, 12 (XIII, 11) ; A. Ill, 10, or III, 11. Scales 9-54-16,
chicks with 5 or 6 series of scales. Body elevated more than in any other
known species of this genus, the dopth in adult heing slighty more than
i length of body. Anterior profile less steep than in C. provident, the

m

!

1350 nuUclin /7, United Slates National Museum.

V'W-i\^-

ontlint^ of Kiiniit Itoiii^ Nlifrlitly fiirvnd; in uiIiiUh tlin HiitcdorHiiI region is
very Hliarply coiiipirHHcil antl Horii<nvluit j^ililioiiH, toriniii); alxivu nyn an
iingl*' with rent of prolilo. (inMittmt ilt-ptli ot'pnMirltitiil iiion^ than A hmd
in atlnlt. Mouth Hniall, tho maxillary Hcarcoly roarhin^ vortical trniu
front of oy«\ -ii in IioimI. Ont»r tooth NtrunK. altont 10 to lli in nnnilxi,
tho oiitor nn*< on oarh hIiIh in oiio or lioth JawHHoniotiniUH oniar^i'il, caniiir
liUo, hut H(Mnotiin«H, (tHpocially in old oxaniploH, dirrctoil nn>r» or Ichh hen-
/.untally forward, (till rakorH Hnnill, altont 'I -{-<•• HoiHal Hpini;H Htr()n;:<'i
and lower than in ('. iiroriilenn, thr lon^rnHt 2^ in head; itoctoialH ritachin;;
Nli^htly hoyond vtsrtical from fioiit of unal, rather more than \ htngth ui
>M)dy; ventralH l.t in len^^th; aual Hpin*-H rohuHt. Color in life, Hilvt'iy
with IduiHh relloctioiiH; tho Iwiho and central portionH of each hcuIi'
golden, forming diHtinct lonj^itndinal HtripoH, tho HtripoH hotwocn tin si<
])oarly or hluiHh ; rowH of H(;aloH on cIiooUh and oporcloH with the )ioail\
htripo niodian, the ^roldcn marginal; a doop violet Htroak helow orhit, umi
oxtcndinjr forward on Hnont nor haokward on oi)orfl<>N; proorhital dn])
dull violot liUo tho Huout, tho }rroun<l cohtr forniiiif; reti<-ulationH aroiiml
<'OMHpi(;nouH round ItraHHy Hpotn which cover half tho Hurface; naked )i:iit
of the prco])erclo HonietiincH Hiniilarly nnirked, more often colored like the
hody ; edjje of opercle j?ilt; lower Jaw diiHky vicdet; axil golden; ItaHo of
pectoral above with a violet bar; tins all pale, vaguely hlotclied witlnlnll
oranjre; ventr.ilH more or Icsh dusky on innor rayH; commiHsnro of lipH
yellow; iris j^oldon. Length If) inches. West IndioH, north to Floiidii
Keys; generally connnon about Key West and Havana, less abundant tlian
proriikns or bujonado.* (calamuH, a rood, the equivalent of pe: dc pluma.)

I'anilliin calamnii, CuviKii \ Vai.knciennks, Hist. Nut. IViins., vi, 'JOO, pi. l.W, 18TO, Martini

que; San Domingo.
CalamuM iifgaceiihalut, Swai.n.hon, Nnl. Hint. Fisli., ii, 2'J'J, 1H;ii»; uI'Iim- (Jivieu Sc Vai.kn

eiKNNKS.

I'a<jelliiH orhitariut, I'oKV, MnnioriaH, ii, L'Ol, 1800, Havana.

Calamu* maeropg, Jouiian * (rii.iiKUT, .SyiiopHis, 0'J7, 18H;(, Garden Key, Florida.
Vlirysophrys cnlamiig, (iC'NTMEH, CJat., i, 487, I85U; Hevcral H|MM'if.s conroiiiKh'd.
flparuH orbitariut, I'oEV, SynopHis, .'lOH, 18<I8.

Cidamim ralainim, .Iokdan & (iiLiiEKT, I'r<»\ I'. S. Nat. Mum. 1884, 17, .Iohdan & I-'eslkk,
I.e., 511.

17>il. < ALANI S PKOItinKNS, Jordan \ (iilhert.

(I.IITLE IIEAK I'OKdV; I'KZ UK I'l.lMA.)

Head 3^ to ;{,} in length (1^ in total); depth 2 to 2it (2ii to .'{); eye iikmI
crate, i in head in adult (11 inchcH long), 3 in head in young «if 6 inches. !>.
XII, 12; A. Ill, 10. Scales !l-r)8-l(!. Body much elevated, more so than in
any other known .species except in C. valtimii8. In adults the anterior pmlili'
rises in a straigl- Mne very stoeitly to the nape, thence in a gentle curve tn
front of dorsal. In the young the profile ri-ses less rapidly and is convex;

♦Among tho specimens in the museum at ('amliridKe are some of the types of ('aluiiiim
orhitnriux. In some of these none of the eaiiines is turned forward, and lione of the spcci
mens ecdlected hy Dr. Jordan at Key West and Havana mIkovn this cliaraelor. In oili-rs,
however, tiu! outermost of tlio 7 or 8 <-anine8 in the up)»er.jaw is turned directly forwiinl,
as iu C.proruli'iis. Some of these also show an ap)>ro\imation to tlie liead noioratimi ul
C. proriileiis. The dorsal spines and the de^tth of tho proorhital show that all llicsi
belong to V. calamua.

fordnn and Evfrwanu. — /'is/us of Xorth Atntrica.

i.mi

„i-,.!it»'Ht (l<'|tth of pn'orliital Mli^^liMy more thiiti \ length «>r lioiul in luliilt.
Moiitli not lln>>:«^ Ww iiiiixillury Hnimtly rtturhin^ vxrtinil from t'roiit of
i>r1)it, \ luiiK^'i "' \wm\. Aiit»i-ior tt'i^th of mitttr Ht>ii«N nliKlitly lon^itr iiiitl
iiiorr iiiliiiHt Mian tlioHti ut' tlio ninlirorni hiiii<l; in llin n|i|MM- Jinv on *>a<-h
siili' 1 ol' tli*'s«> ontfT tt'otli iMTonu^M nincli <>nlar){«Ml, <'anin<--lik«>, <lirt'ctt><l
iililiM<>*''y lorwanl unil tlownwani, iiml Htron^rlv rnrv«(l, lliu u|>|i«i' Hniiai-u
niiii avo; tlHTo are iiHually 7 turtli of tin- outer Hrrics iM'twci'n timso two
I. mill)"': »<> »vi<l**>>t' arci'HHory Hi-rivH of molars, (iill laktTH Hliort aii<l
liliiiit, alioiit I -f(>. SralfHou top of li<>a<l ondin^ iiltrnptly ah<»vu*\yo; Hiiont,
iiiti loriiital, pr«M>rl>ita], Huliorliital, cliin, and (Ml^ti of prt<oper<-lo, iiakud;
a itiiiiiKiiliir ])ati'h <»f sralns on cImm'U, arraii^iMJ in 7 or 8 HcrioH. iJorMal
MiiiiHs sioiidt-r and lii^l'. tl>"' l<»n;;«'Mt \ licad; pottoralH rtMirliini; vt'rtiral
iiiiiii iiriKin of anal tin, \ lunjjtli «d' body ; v«>nirals r* in liMij^ili ; upper lolut
(il I initial as lon^ as head, Hli^litly lon^or than lower lolie. Color in life,
siivi ry, with liriKlit relleitions ahove, luueh nioie lii'i|r|itly ecdorud than in
III lit r spet'it's; each Hcaln above niitldh) of Hi«leH with a Hpot. tif rit-h violet-
liliii' 1)11 its hasal jtortion, these ftiriniii}; diHtinct Itui^itutliiuil streakH alonj;
till rt»ws t)f Hiales; tin lower ]>art of body these blue Hpots am replated by
iiiile mange spotH, faint in the yttuu);, very tlistinet in adnltH. In life
till' hiilos have dark baiidn, whieh diHapjiear after death; a tlilVnsv, 111-
ilfliiit'tl liori/outal vitdet-bliie area above oporclo extending back on to the
Hhiiiiltler; a well-dolined hori/.ontnl deep-blue stripe below eye; another,
siiiiicwliat lesH distinct, above ttrbit; preorbital region, Huout, cheeks, and
opiiriiH brassy or bron/e, erossed with hori/t>ntal, wavy, nt)nretieulating
Inns of violet blhe, thene (U)lorH more markeil on preorbital and Huout;
tiit> stii-nk trossing snout above ntrntrils wider and rather more eonspieu-
oiiHtliiin the others; dorsal uiarketl with orange and very bright vitdet,
its margin always orange, more or less bright iu life; eantlal bantled with
iliill (iiMiige; anal distinetly blue shaded; ventrals not dark, with mt>re or
IcsH li^lit yellow; axil slightly dusky; iris dark, with gilt ring. West
Iniiii'H, north to Floriila Keys; the most brightly etdored of the genuH,
very aliuudant about the Florida Keys. It is not tpiite ho eommtm either
at K*!y West or at Havana as dahimiiH hajouado, but in both places either
M|M(ii'sfar oiitnumberHall the remaining species combineil. (/)ror«, prow ;
denx, tooth, from the projecting canines.)

I'liluiiiiin megaciiihiHu-'i, ,}()\a>\ti \ (In.iiKRr, Syiio|tnis, 92<i, I8«:i; not i>f Swainson.
('aliiiitii»i>innittiil(i, .JtiUKAN iV (iii.iir.itr, I'rof. I'. S. Nat. Miim.18H4, ITi; not ol'Gru HKNot.
Calamnn /DonV/cd*, JomiAN A Gu.hekt, l'rt)f. V. H. Nat. Muh. 1HH4, 15(1, Key West ; iloK-
DAN \ Feslkk, i. (•.,511.

I7'i'i. CALAMrS I>i;N>AT|TIiA, (iiiittlienut.

itoily much more elongate than in CalamitH pioridrtia, with which it
setMiis (ithtrwise to agree; the tiepth 2'f in length. Upjter Jaw with a
Htroni; aatrtirse canine on each side, as in C. proridem; eye small ; preorbital
tlei'ii; checks with 6 rows of 8<'ale8; dorsal high, pectoral reaching front
of anal; preorbital with blue wavy stripes; cheeks with bhie tlexuons
lines, aiuistomosed and forming rivnlations; spinous dorsal edged with
black (<iuichcnot). West Indies; known only from Guichenot's descrip-

' I

T

■I

m

1.'152 nHllclin /7, f^niltd States h\itioHal I\fuscHm,

tloii, which h»N 1h>oii vnrilhiil for iin on tlin ori^innl typn hy Mr. Alexniiili r
Thomiiiot. (ptiniatula, iliiniiiiillvo itt' peiina, u )|uill.)

Valamui pfuitalula, Ouioiiknot, HovlNion iIkm I'aKi'N, 110, Martinique; Jouhan A Fkh.

I.KII, l.f.,bl'i.

I7*.>!i. CAI.ANI'S IIAJOMAIM) (llloih ,V H<liiii<l<li'r).

(JOLTIIKAI) I'OKIIV; lU.IONAIMI.)

I[i;a<l :t ill loii^th (I in tottil); <lc|itli I'K (.'< in lt>tnl); cyn liirK<s l-'i in
youii^) to f) (in luliilU) in lni|{th of homl. I>. Ml, 12; A. Ill, 11). SimIin
7-r>l-17. Hotly 1«)HH «l«n'iit»il iliiin in tlio two Hpocit'H iirocoiUn^, tho Himiit
ion^ and pointod, the iintorioi' protilo rising HJowly in an uvon roiiiHo to
front of ilorNal ; in thn yoiiiif; tin- antttiior prolilo is morn liliintly roiimli d,
tho Hupraorltitiil ro^ioii nioro ])i-oiiiinont, and the jtrotllo of Hiioiit HtiMtpn.
(}roat«!Ht dopth of prtiurbital ratlii^r nioro thiin oiu'-hulf lun^tli of hcml in
adnltH 2 foot lon^;, 2j in hoad in yonii^ <if (i iiKdiOH. Mouth inoditrnit',
inaxiilary not reacliin^ vortical from orltit oxi-opt in yoiin^, noarly liilf
length of hoad in adnltH, L'j in hoad in HpfciinoiiH of H iin-hoH. Anti rioi
tooth of oiitor HorioH niiudi fiilar^td and Htroiif^tr than thti cardiforni liiiml,
ov«*n in tho yoiin^; in adnltH tlit'Ho hocoino vory Htron^ly dovolopod, :iiii|
aro tlion noarly an loltiiHt as tho iiioliirH; tlioir niinibor Ht-tniH to bo iku-
iiially 2 or !< on oarh Hidu in tho iippor Jaw and '.i (»r i on oadi Hido in ilic
lower, but this Ih Hubjoct to iiiiioh variation; tho upper, jaw liaH frot|iUMillv
onoof thoBo nioro enlarged than tho oMiorH, and canino like. Tho inoi:iis,
aH iiHiiul in tliiH ^ouuh, in K HoricH in tho iippor jaw and 2 in tho lower;
besidcM theso thoro Ih qnitu constantly toward tho front <■" the Jaw ;;ii
interior siippleinontal HerioH of inolarH, both above and ' v. DotHul
HpinoH slender, tb<« hi^rhoHt 2ij in hoad, tho Hoft rayn low; pinoN ni-

buHt; pectoralH hni^, rruchiii^ paHt orifrin of anal, 2!j to ',\ in length; Vfii-
trals nearly reaching vent, 1{J in head. Color in life, brasHy, rather ilnll,
and with littlobliio marking, tho middle of oach Hcalo Hhining, but Hcancly
bluish ; a bine strijio below eye, nari-ower nnd duller than in tho precc<liii;r
spocioB, and extending well forward on proorbital ; a second duller sticnk
above this, tho two mooting on forehead; proorbital dull copjtery, riitch
with irregular an<l ohHcnrc bine linos, these sometimes forming obsiiin'
voining, and always growing duller with ago; lower Jaw dull purjiliHJi;
angle of mouth purplish and orange yellow; axil yellowish; no vinlit
baud on base of pectoral; tins jilaiu, tho ventrals sometimes sli;;litly
dusky, tho caudal obscurely barred. A young spocinion had 4 or .'> I'liint
orange blotches along back. liongth 2 foot. West Indies, north to Floi i(l;i
Keys; most abundant of the genus, and reaching a larger si/(^ than any cil
the others. Tho largest seen by us wore 22 inches long. It is the dnllrsi
in color of tho large species, (hajouudo, the Cuban name, equivalent t"
bayonet, and probably alluding to the intorha'mal.)

llajonado, Takra, Uif. IMozaH Hist. Nat. Culm, 13, him. 8, 1787, Havana.

Sparui bajiinado, ISlocii it Scuneidek, Syat. lolitli., 284, 1801 ; utter I'ahra.

Pagellut caninvs, PoEV, MoinorinH, ii, 19!), 1860, Havana.

Calamus pliimatula, iivicnEiioT, Hov. Panels, 110, Martinique; Joiiuan, rroc. U. S. Nai.

Miis. 1880, 5;t7j roexaininatioii ot'typo.
I'agellus bajonado, Poey, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1803, 177.

m.

Ionian and /y^'irniann. — /•'is/us of iVoflfi .hnrnVa. \'Mt''\

Kiiiimnriitti), .'i.'i,

,l„ I'oicv Ann I.v.". Nut. U\nt. N. V., x, 187*.', ITfl, |i1. vl, ll«. I; l'nr.v,

|M7ft, .liiHovN .\ (iiiiiKin. I'riM'. I' s. Nui. Miin. triMt,'.'*); .Ihhhan >V.

Subgenun OKAMMATEUS, I'oiy.
i;-.>l. rAI.AHIX llltA« IIYM»WI S (l.o.kinuliiii).
(MoiAIIIIA Oakaiiata.)
||i'iiilM\; (l«-plh '21', ».vo inotloriilo, alKtiit II in liuad in luliill; hi-uIoh
i:;. 1). Ml, 11; A. Ill, U). Umly iiiiK'h ctHiipii'H.stMl, Nlini't and <l(Mtp,
lull K cnn^itloinlily olt'vatiMl, tliti aiitriiiir |ii'ulil«t Htocp aixl ri>u;nlarl.v
Iroiii l)aMiiiir lii^^t (loiHal Hpiiio ti) iiuint nl' Hnnnl ; Hiioiit Nliort, I'/ to
ht'iitl; iiioiitli Rniall, maxillary altoiit •'■ in In ad. ('anin<-r4 Nhort uiid

(i ,".n
il

1 HUM'S

in

«itr(iii;
I"

alioiit

noantriirHrianino.s; pntnltit a! narrow, itH IiiinI widthLM

>piiii)
ii.il>' I

ill lii'ad; ^iil rakriH very Hniall, tiWout I -{-*'>• I't't'toral nunow and
n-iiriiiii^ to tli*t voi'lirul t'i'oni tlio origin ol'tiist iinal ray, altoiitl'l in
: Hucond nnd third anal HpiiifH iiltont «M|iuii, :t in lioad; lil'tli dorHitl
2 in hoad. Snout, intororhital, prcorititalN, Hitliorhitais, and cliin,
i; Ht'alt'8 on <du'«li in alioiit 5 Hfri»!H. Color lirasny o'ivc with durlu'r
I iiissliiinilH iintl law vhdut inaikN; proorhital plain liro'vniHh, an inky
iiviliai'V Hpot; viMitraJH dusky. Lon^th la imlifH. (iiilf of California and
iii-iL;iilioriii.< watitr.s; loyally altnndant from Ma;rdaifna May to Ma/.atlan;
a iiMiil-lisli of Home importance, (///xr,!'!'?, Hhort; (hhiat, hotly.)
SfiiniH liniehi)iniiiiiit, LocKlNHTON, I'riMi, U.S. Niit. Mim, IHHO, 'JHI, Magdalcna Boy, Lower
California.

Cil.'

.thlilt'hlltiiiinig, KVKR.\IANN A .IKNKINM, I'

r. S. Nut. Mum. 181)1, l.'>a; .Jokuan ^v.

I.BIl, I.

, 51'J

t't'i't. J'ALAMIH I.HrcOSTKlIM, .Tonliin \ (iill.ort.
( WniTi; HUNK roimv.)
licaii;!]; doplh '2\', «\vo rather larij*^ IVl in head in adults; Mcalcs 7 or
s-.">l-ll. 1>. .\1I, 1-; A. Ill, 10. Hody lornicd much as in ('(ihuniiHptiniti,
nhort iiml deep, witliHtrep anterior proliluantl hij-h, art'hed hack, the i»ro-
liln MiMily straijjht from snout to ahovo oycs, thence convex. I lead deeper
tliaii Idiij;, tlio ]trcorhital rejfion very deep, itH least depth '2i in head,
liiilf i;iiiiti'r than interorhital width. A Ktrong blunt prominence heforo
ov»^ .Miiuth rather large, the nuixillury '2\ in head. Outer teeth in hoth
jaws iiimicrately enlarged, eanino-Iike, about 10 in each jaw, none of
tliiiii (lirectcd I'orward; gill rakers very wlnirt and wide apart, about ;{-|-H.
Ilijjhc.st dorsal spine '2\ in head; i»ectorul8 very long, reatdiingto the ver-
tical ri'oui liaHe of tliird anal Hpino, L':| in length of body ; ventralH 1: in
lit'iid. .^calcH large, those on cheeks in ."» rows. Smutty silvery ; sides with
vii}{iioir(iHsbars; dorsal and anal lins with dark blotches; ventrals dusky ;
no hhirk axillary spot. South Atlantic coast of I'nited States, in rather
(let|i water, known only from the markets of Charleston, South Carolina.
I,t'ii;;tli ;il)()Ut a foot. {Xeuxoi, white; odrtor, bone, from the uommou
iiiiiiio. the application of which is unknown to us.)

Cnhiiiiif hiijoiiinbi, JoHitAS \- (iu.iiEU'l', Syuopsis, 020, 1883; not bajonadii, Blocii &.
Si IINKIUKll.

I'alaiiiiiiiliiifniitciis, JoKDAN &, (lu.iiKUT, in JouDAN, Ciit. Fislu'S N. A., 91, 1885, Charleston
(I'lill. ( liaili-S C. Lfslio); JOBDAN & Fesi.eu, /. c.,513.

;j();;o ?<

JW

^

1354 nuUethi //, United States National Museum.

\i ■■ '

1720. CALAMI'S MACR0P8, Pooy.

Heart Si^h; rtopth2i^; eye large, .*bout Sin heart. D. XI, 12; A. Ill, Id.
Body rather elongate; scales large; rtorsal outline forming a coniparu-
tively regular arch, the back being elevated, the anterior profile steep and
nearly straight. Canines uiuall, about 10 to 12; preorbital narrow, about
equal to eye; mouth small, the maxillary about 2^ in heart. Color plum-
beous gray, with a blue spot on each scale; preorbital with blue 8trrak.s;
a b» no streak below eye; a blue point in the axil; fins pale (Poey). Cuba;
known only from Pooy's rtescription and figure. ( ftanpoi, large ; &5^, ey»!. )

Calamus ma'-rops, I'oby, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, N. Y. 1872, 181, fi^. 3, Havana ; Jordan >v
Fbblek, I. c, S13.

1727. t\LA3Il'S TAURINUS (Joiiyns).

Heart 3 to 3k; rtcptli 2+: eye 4*; scales 6-46-14. D. XII, 12; A. Ill, lo.
Bod}' rather elevated, deeper than in Calamus arctifrons, the anterior pru-
file rather evenly ciirved, but not very strongly convex. Head narrowed
above, but broad through the supraorbital region ; profile rising from naiio
to front of dorsal, the occipital crest as high as eye; preorbital very di!(]i,
its least depth = maxillary, 2^ in head. Moi.+.h large, not reaching verti-
cal from front of orbit. Outer teeth moderately enlarged, normally
placed, the large teeth {\^. Eye moderate, 1^ in interorbital, 2 in pic-
orbital. Longest dorsal spine 2'i ; pectoral very long, 2^ in body, reachini;
second anal spine, which is 4 in heart. Color rtuU silvery, with faint dark
crossbauds; preorbital plain ; anal dusky; ventrals pale ; ertge of operdi^
dusky. Galapagos Islands to Peru. We have examined many specimons
in the museum at Cambrirtge, from Charles Islanrt, one of the Galapaj^os.
The above description from a specimen from Payta, Peru. (From iauruK,
bull; buUheadcrt.)

Ohrysophrys taurina, Jenvns, Zool. Boagle, Fishes, 56, pi. vn, 12, 1842, Galapagos Islands
(Coll. Cliarles Darwin); Valenciennes, Voyajje Vi?nHs, v, 330, 1846.

Chrytophrys cyanoptera, V ai,enc;::nnes, Voyage Vouus, v, pi. 4, fig. 2, 1846, Charles Island,
Galapagos Group.

(Jalainui taiirinus, Jordan & Uollman, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 181 ; Jordan & Fesi Kit,
I.e., 513.

1728. CALAMUS PKN>'A (Cavier & ^'alencienne8).

(LiTTLE-MOCTH POIOY ; SHEEPSHEAD PoKOV.)

Head 3 to 3i; depth 2/i (2$ iu tota]); eye rather small, 3| to 4^ in head
in specimens from 6 to 11 inches long. D.XII,12; A. Ill, 10; scales 6-4S-i;i
Body somewhat higher than in C. bajonado. Anterior profile evenly con-
vex to front of dorsal, rising slowly and not strongly arched. Preorliitiil
low, 2'}, to 3 in head, about ecjualing interorbital width. Mouth moderate,
the maxillary scarcely reaching vertical from front of orbit, 2| to l.';i iu
head. Outer series of teeth .'interiorly in both Jaws somewhat enlarged,
small and uniform in si/.o, 8 to 10 in each .jaw; no accessory row of molars
in either jaw. Dorsal low, the highest dorsal spine about 2^ in head;
pectorals about reaching vertical from front of anal, 3^ in length ; \ eu-

-f

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1365

tralH \\ to 2 in head. Scales lar^e, in about 5 vortical series ou clieuks.
C'ltlor dull silvery with pearly markings, without blue stripes; a faint
ji;ilr streak below eye; axil with a small inky black spot; ventrols black-
ish; dark crossbars on body usually persistent. A small specimen i:i the
iiiuHium at Cambridge, wliich may be the type of Poey's Pafiellua hiimHiH,
In lon^s to this species. This example is 0 inches long, the eye nearly 4 in
III' 1(1, tbe depth 2^ in length, and the pectoral as long as head. The type
(il Calamus nucropu Ouichenot, is in the museum at Paris. It agrees with
( iihimiis pcinia in all respects except the size of the eye, which is 4* in
lii'iid. Southern Florida to Hrazil, common ; known from Charlotte Harbor,
K( y West, Rio Janeiro, St. Thomas, Havana, Camaru, and Kio Grande do
Sill. (jjeMMO, a <iuill or pen.)

!'iiijellus pctna, Cdvier &. A'^at-knciennes, Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., vi, 209, 1830, Brazil.

r,i lelhis microps, GuuuENOT, iu IJanioii do hi Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 188, pi. ;», fi^. 1, 1845,

Havana.
}'it>iiih(n humilii, POKY, Sjtnopaia, 308, 1808, Havana.
l'(i:iAlnn milneri, Ogope & Hean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miia. 1879, 134, Charlotte Harbor,

Florida. (Type, No. 0134. Coll. C. K. Uakt r.)
(inniimati'ug Innnills, Poey, Enunioratio, .'iO, 1875.
Si'iii-iig milneri, Jord.vn & Gn.nEHT, Synopsis, 556.
VaUniiut peima, Jordan &. Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 21 ; Jorkan & Fesleh,

l.Cbli.

I

! \

I

I

1729. CALAMI'S AIMJTIFROXS, Goodo & Bean.

(Ghas.s Pohoy; .Siiad Poroy.)

I lead 3i ; d(>pth 2? ; scales (W8-13. D. XII, 12 ; A. Ill, 10. Rody oblong,
till' back little elevated, not nearly so much as in C. penna, the anterior
piiilile unevenly curved, very convex before eye; head narrow above;
dorsal outline not forming a regular arch, the anterior proiile straight
tVoni base of spinous dorsal to nape, where a rather sharp angle is formed,
tlitnce straightish above eye, the snout convex; nearly straight along
Imsi- of spinous dorsal ; scales on cheek in 4 or 5 series ; the orbitals, snout,
chill, and edge of preopercle, naked. Preorbital deep, its depth 2^ in hoa<l,
and nearly twice diameter of eye, which is 4 to 5 in head ; pectoral 3* in
body, reaching past tips of ventrals; longest dorsal spine 2^ in head;
third anal spine the hmgest, 5; canine teeth 8-10; gill rakera small and
blunt, about 4-j- 6. Color olivaceous with dark bars or spots, the centers
of many scales pearly; 6 yellowish spots along the lateral line; pre-
orbitnl brownish, usually with dashes of golden yellow; membrane of
opt'icle orange; tins mostly barred or spotted; ventrals pale, faintly
lianed. (iulf of Mexico, from Pensacola to Key West; a small porgy
(•omiiion in the eelgrass about Key West, and ranging northward at least
to I'ensacola; not known from the West Indies, {arctus, contracted;
frons, forehead.)

Calaiinis aretifrons, Goode & liKAN, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mua. 1882, 425, Pensacola (Type,
No. 30163. Coll. Silas Stearii.s) ; Jordan \- Gii.heut, Synopsis, 928; Joruan \
r.ii.uERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1884, 23 ; Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1884,
232 ; Jordan &, Fesler, I. <-., 514.

|i

,y.

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1356 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

17:tO. CAIiANlN mi: III IS (Tuty).

Head 3,^ ; <loptli 21; scales ?-46-?, D. XIT, 12; A. Ill, 10. IJody snl.
eliptical, rather elongate, dneix'st at front of dorsal, tliti anterior profiln
rather strongly «'onvex, the ••iir'fi coutiniionH from snout to middle of
dorsal. I'reorbital not deep, its depth 2^ in b*'ad; pectoral short, li in
head; cniincs 2, moderate, equal. Color olivaceous, with darker cross
bands; preorbltal plain; v«>ntrals dark; a dark axillary spot; a bliM'
subocnlar band. West Indies, here descrilM-d from n s])ecimeM from I lavan.i
(21838, M. Z.C), l.') inches long. The sp«'cies is allied to C.jtcmxa, differ-
ing in the more elongate form, (mediiis, medium.)

(Iromiiiatciit mediut, I'oky, Ann. Lye. Nat. ULst. N. V. 1872, 183, pi. 7, fig. 4, Havana;

I'OKY, Kiumicratid, 56, 1875.
CalamuM mediut, Joiiuan iV Fesi.eu, i. c, 514.

553. PAGRUS, Cuvier.

, (EUROI'KAN P()RGIK8.>

Paijru*, Cuvier, Kt'giie Animal, Ed. i, 272, 1H17 (anjenteuii paijnm).

llody obiong, compressed, covered with large scales. Head l.irge; jtic-
opercle entire; opercle not armed. Moutii nither small, termiual, low, tlm
anterior teeth in the jaws ciirdiform, the outer series of teeth genemily
enlarged, canine-like, not c«mipres8ed, the teeth behind the. canines sleiidi'i
and acute. Hoth jaws with 2 or 3 series of rounded molar teeth, avIikIi
are sometimes irregularly mixed with sleinler teeth ; no teeth on vomer or
palatines. Posterior nostril oblong, not slit-like, much laig(!r than ante
rior. Dorsal rather low, the spines about 12 in ni'.mbcr, depressiltie in a
groove; anal spines moderate, the second not greatly developed ; second
interlnemal spine notpeu-sliajjed ; noantrorse dorsal spine; 8upraocei)tilal
crest coalescent with temporal crests. Caudal fin ibrked; air bladder
simple; gill rakers short; branchiostegalsO; intestinal canal short; ]>yl(irii'
ctecafew. Carnivorous fishes, mostly of Kurope and Africa. This genus
is close to the Eurojteau genus SparuH {iSpuriis aunita L.^^Auriita Kisso
(JhriiHoblephna Cnvier), with which it agrees in the skeletal characters,
dirt'ering chiefly in the larger scales, slenderer body, and narrower bands
of teeth. The genera are probably distinct, butthe characters of division
have not yet been fully indico (;ed. * {ndypoi;, porgy, the ancient name, i

17:tl. I>A()KI S PAGRDS (LinnauH).

(Red I'nlUiY; HESUfiO; I'AlKiO ClU.OKADO.)

1). XI, 12, or XII, 11 or 10; A. Ill, 8; scales 6 (9) -53 to 56-13. Hody
oblong, the back moderately olovated, the profile parabolic; preorldtal

* Cuvier recognized 2 genera: I'agrun with the molar teeth in 2 ^soric8, and Sjimux
(Vhrytophnjis) with tlic molars in ;i or more. Tlii.s (•liiira(!ter hau not much importaiici'.
and Steindachm'r haw projiosed to Hul)stJtute for it tlie following:

Spa run : Tt'etii lieliind the canines with the apex rounded, granulated, or gloliosc;
molars in 2 or more series.

Faijrug : Teeth beliiud the canines acute, subulate, or setaceous ; molars in 2 or inini'
series.

Although in general appearance Sjmrug aiirnta and I'a(jnis pa(jm>t ditl'er consideriilil.v.
and also considerably from other aberrant species, as Chi'i/8(>lilepliuiijiihlnce2>s and Ariiuri'iis
ipinifei\ there is no important ditfereuce ia the skull or skeleton, and all may perhupa be
referable to a single genus, Uparus,

dicji, m
Ixdiind I
I rout loi
euidal w

:il>(>llt I j

III Ciinrtli
< (dor.itio
led, givii
lliislicd n
s|iot (if dt

the nIiIch

I lie Iii;irgi

S(;it(en!(i,

U.I id; a I

spot on u]

with olive

Iranslnceii

is!) Idotch

"li:it dusk

• iiill' coasti

(Kii.) Thi

taken on tl

says tliat it

tiiia and IJ

and Kni'ope

allusions to

Ji.'i^rii.s, the

'*■'/""'"*■ paiinii

r. S. Nat.

liilenr)s Ai

I'di/nif vulijar

Europe; (J

''^'jKii 11.1 an/ente

l'ii;iins anjenfi

.V:it. Mus.

Tho essenti
"<-cij)iraI and
HW(dlen; frou
f^i'Ction; tenij
llattisli area \
and t()i,a-oove(
.'/"\ the aufroi
<>"<) species, tl

u

Jordan and Ih^crmanu. — Fishes of North America. 1357

iliiii, iniicb wider tban the aniull eye. Molar tot^tli in two series; teeth
iK'liiiul the oanineH slender; Hoales larjje. Dorsal spines not elonjiate, the
iKiiit lonjiest, about 2.J in head; soft dorsal and anal ])ointod behind;
c.iiidal well forked; second anal spine stronger but not louder than third,
;il>(iut I in head; peetoral (in elon<j;ate, lon<rer than head, reaching about
III fourth soft ray of anal. Aaiericiin speeiniens show in life the follcwing
( iilor.itioii : C'olor }f(d»len-<)live, the middle of eaeh seiile largely pinkish-
ird "iviiig a general reddish hue to the fish; sides and below silvery,
lliisjicd with rod; many scales of l>a<"k and sides each with a small round
<|i()t()fdeep purplish-blue, tho8<' forming distinct longitudinal streaks on
tlic sides below lateral line, the series somewhat irregular, running along
llic margins of the scales; alxtvo the lateral lino these spots are somewhat
HiiillertMl, forming very irregular oblique series, running upward andbaek-
w.ird; a lew of these spots on nape and upper part of opercle; a dark
HiMit on iip|ier jtart of orbital rim; snout tinged with purplish, occi|>ut
with olive; edge of operch' dusky; vertical tins largely orange, their edges
translucent; sjiinous dorsal somewhat dusky ; ventrals jtalo, with a pink-
isii lilotch at base; pectorals yellowish, especially at base, the axil sonie-
wii.it dusky. Length 2 feet. Southern Europe and South Atlantic and
(Jult' coasts of the United States, .south to Uruguay, in rather deeji water.
(I.ii.) This species, common in southern Europe, has been several times
tiilicn on the snapper banks off I'ensac la and at Charleston. Dr. lierg
says tliat it is also common in various localities along the coasts of Argen-
tina ami Uruguay. There seems to be no ditVereuci' between \morican
anil JMiropean specimens, except that in European descriptions we find no
allusions to the blue spots ('haracteristic of the American (ish. {rrdyfjoc,
l»a;;nis, the old name, which has become par yo andporgi; in nunlern tongues.)

SiKiriDi jiaijnig, LiNN-^;r.s, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 279, 1758, Southern Europe; .Tokdan, I'roc.

r.S. Nat. Mils. 1882,278; JoHUAN .t FB.SLiili, /. c, 516; Ukuh, Ann. AIus. Nat. «le

liutnos Aires 180,'), 40.
l-d.jni^ vulijans, CrviKK &. Valenciennes, Hisi. Nat. Poia.s., vi, 142, 1830, Southern

Europe; (ifNTIIEK, Cat. Fishes, I, 466.
Siianis anjenteus, Blocu & Schneuieh, Syst. Ichlli., 271, 1801.
I'Kfirus argenti'vg, Crvu-:it, Ucgne Animal, I'M. i, 272, 1817; Coodi: \- Uean, Troo. U. S.

N;it. Mu8. 1879, 13;!.

554. LAGODON, llolbrook.

(CllOPA Si'INA.)

-,■(-

I '>'.

Lnmiihm, lIoLHUOOK, Iclitli. Soiitli Carolina, 59, 1860 (rhomhoide») .

Tho essential character t)f this genus is in the form of tho skull. Supra-
(ic(i])ital and temporal crests nt»where coalescent, the interorbital area not
swolluu ; frontal bone in tho interorbital area thin, concave in transverse
section; temporal crest low, separated from supraoccipital crest by a
llattisli area which extends forward on each side of supraoccipital crest
luid to groove of prenuixillary spines. Otherwise essentially as in Archosar-
ijux, tilt' autrorso dorsal spine present, the second interluemal lot modified.
One s])ocie8. the incisors deeply notched. {Airyco?, hare: uSojy, tooth.)

\

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1358 Bulletin ^7, Utiited States National Museum.

y

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I.'; n

17!(2. LAGOnON RIIOHBOIDKN (Liunmua).
(PiNFisii; Bream; Sailou'h Choiob; Chopa Spina.)

IIoa(l3j^; depth 2 to 28; oye 4. D. XII, 11; A. Ill, 11; Hcales 10-fir> to
70-17. Hofly elongiite, elliptical; head fattened, nin//le pointed, profilti
not very Hteep; eye moderate, H to 1^ in snout, 1 in iiit.erorlutal; nioutli
moderate, maxillary not rtMichinjr front of orbit, 3^ in head ; iifisors j, all
deeply notched ; molara in twoHeries in each Jaw; gill rakers 6 -|- IB; dorHii!
spines all rather high, the highest about 2 in head; caudal deeply forked ;
second anal spine not longer than third; ventrals short and broad, pec -
torals moderate, n])per rays reaching ])ast origin of anal. Color, in lif<',
olivaceous, the sides bluiHh-silvcry ; a humeral 8]iot and traces of 6 ver-
tical bars; gilt stripes much lews intense than in .hchonariiusuuhnacHlatiis,
much broader than the interspaces; about 7 stri])es below the lateral
line, those above it more or less continent; dorsal tin pale 'bluish, with ;i
Bubmedian gilt band and a gilt edging; caudal yellow, faintly barred ;
anal blnish, with a medium yellowish band; ventrals mesially yellowish;
pectorals plain. Length 6 inches. Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United
States, Cape Cod to Cuba; excessively common all along the eastern coii.st
of the United States south of New York, and on the Culf coast as far went
as Pensacola ; too small to be much used as food, {fjoju/io?, rhomb ; sTSu-,
appearance.)

tSpnrua rhomboidfs, LinN/KUS, Syst.Nat., K«l. xn, 470, 1766, Charleston. (Coll. Dr. Ganli n.)
darjfiis rhomhoides, CiJViEU &. Vai.enciknnks, Hint. Nat. Poiss., vi, 08, pi. 143, l«:;ii;

GCnthkr, Cat. Fishes, i, 447, 1859.
IHplodiii rhomtwidet, Eiiienmann &. Uuohes, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1H87, 00; JonnAs ,v

FE.si.Kn, I. c, 518.

555. ARCHOSARGUS, Gill.

(SlIEEPSIIEADS.)

Arehosarijus, GrLL, Canadiau Naturalist, August, 1805 (probatocephalus).
lialema, Jordan &. Ever.mann, Check-List, 390, 1896 (unimaculatut).

I3ody robust, short and deep, compressed, covered with large scales.
Head deep, mouth moderate, the jaws with broad incisors in frout and
coarse molars on the sides; incisors entire or with a shallow notch; ])()s-
terior nostril slit-like ; opercles entire. Dorsal and anal spines strong, t Iio
soft parts of the fin short and rounded; a procumbent spine before tlic
dorsal; caudal forked. Gill rakers small. Supiaoccipital and temporal
crests coalescent anteriorly, both disappearing in the gibbous iuteror-
bital area; frontal bone between eyes transversely convex and more or
less honeycombed; temporal crest separated from occipital crest by ;iii
excavated area, bounded anteriorly by the lateral crest, which merges into
the supraoccijtital above eye. This genus, like Layodon, StcDotomiin, ;in(l
Otrynier, which show the same cliaracter of the itrocumbent dorsal siiinc,
is confined to American waters. There are two color types in the genus,
one group being made up of the species with broad black crossbands, the
other of species with golden streaks and inconspicuous crossbauds, re-
sembling the species of Lagodon. (ap^oj, chief; ddpyo?, Saryua, an oU
name of UiploUua.)

Sai.ema (Sp

«. Occipit

Htri

b. Do

hh. Doi

^

Am iiosAnou.''

i

(III. Occipita

1

(lorsi

broa

iiuicl

.'*

Htraij

omar

of th

wpino

third.

(/. lucis

dd. luc:

Head 3i; d

intcrorbital m

to It;. Hody ]

moderate, ma:

iTcst rather t

each side, cuti

'"■low-; gill ra

dorsal sjjino h

-' to '2\iu head

ventrals mode

'div.iceoiis, sil

altiTnatiiig wi

«yt'. West In<

!il)ont Key Wef

'•lit not seen b'

'"'"•V, h;iviuir 1

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1359

Sai.EMA (Spftiilsh name) :

((. Occipital crest rather thin, its honeycomb structure not exposed. Species witli

streaka of steel-blue iind t;olduu, thudnrk cross bunds narrow, disappearing with

nt;(), about one-third tlie interspaces; a black huiiiural spot.

h. Uorsal spinos 13; incisors} on each side; side of buck witli 8 or U golden streaks,

\rlilch are narrower than tint nietallic-bliie iuf i-rspaces.

c. Scales 0-4K-15; ])ect()rnlfln notiiuite reaching stscondunal spino; liodyruther

deep and coniprcssMl. TnciHors } on encli side, entire, or with a shallow

notch. Fifth dorsal spine highest, 2 tu 2,^ in bend; sctcond anal spine

strong, recurved, 2^ in head. Olivaceous, silvery below, tlie upi>or |>urts

with golden longitudinal stripes alternating with liluisb inter.><paces;

humeral spot larger than eye. unimacui.ati's, 1733.

ec. Scales 7 or 8-48-15; pectoral tin reaching second anal spine; body rather

less deep, the snout a little longer; vcr.truis shorter, ,"> to 5:-; in hrud;

otherwise essentiully as in tlio ]>receding, of which it is tlie I'acitic

coast representative. poithtai.esii, 1734.

hh. Dorsal spines 12; incisors J on each side. I'rolile with a slight depression above

tlieeye; second anal spine miu'li longer than the third. Color grayish, belly

white; 8 golden longitudinal bauds; a black shoulder spot. 'I'UlUKN.s, 1735.

All' IIOSAIIOU.S:
an. Occipital crest broad, its honeycomb structure jilainly lixpo.sed at its upper margin;
dorsal spines 12; species without bluer golden markings, but with about seven
broad black cross bands crossing the body; no distinct shoulder spot, liody
riiiich compressed ; dorsal outline strongly arched ; ventral outline almost
straight. I'rolile straight and steep anteriorly. IncLsors J, entire or slightly
cmarginate, serrate in the young; molars in 3 series above, in 2 below, tho.so
of the inner series larger, those behind the incisors very small. Highest dorsal
spine 1^ in head; second anal spine about twice in head, much lougt.>r than
third.
d. Incisors broad, their breadth about half their length. Scales 8-48-15.

PKOBATOCEI'IIALUS, 173C.

M. Incisors narrower, their breadtli 2J in their length. Scales 7-44-14.

AKIKS, 1737.

Subgenus SALEMA, Jordan & Evermann.

173:t. AltCllOSAltUUS IJNI.HAOULATUN (Bloch).

(SALEMA.)

Ilciul 3i; depth 2 to-2.i; eye liirgc, 3j to i =prcorbital, or 1^ (o li in
iiitcrorbittil width. D. XIII, 10; A. Ill, 10 or 11; scales 8 or 'J-l.'i to 50-11
to Itt. Hody rather deep and compressed, profile rounded, steep ; mouth
moderate, niaxillary not reaching front of orbit, 3 to 3^^ in head ; occipital
crest rather thin, its honeycomb structure not exposed. Incisors f on
ea( h side, entire, or with a shallow notch; molars 3-rowed above, 2-r()wrd
liclow; gill rakers small, about 6-f8; cheeks with ,5 rows of scales. Fifth
(loisiil spine highest, 2 to 2A in head; second anal spine strong, recurved,
2 to l!( in head ; i)ectorals long, reaching to tmal spines, about 2.V in body,
vciitials moderate, 4.1 to \\ in length of body, not nearly reaching vent.
oiiviKM'ons, silvery below, the upper parts with golden longitudinal stripes
alttrnating with bluish interspaces; a black humeral spot larger than
eye. West Indies; north to Key West, south to Rio Janeiro, very common
about Key West and Havana; recorded by Gronow from South Carolina,
hut not seen by us from localities north of the Florida Keys. {\inmacH-
latux, hiiving 1 spot.)

.^'ll'l

1300 BuUctin ^7, United States National Museum.

tt.

l''l '

i1"

1*

(i

■

1

1

■

Salewn, MAnroiiAVK, Hist, riso., ITiM, 1048, Brazil.

llrram, ItitowNK, Jamaica, 440, No. 1, IT^O, Jamaica.

J'frra uiiimaeulata, Bloch, Iclilliyolojjiii, \t\. 308, 170J, Brazil; on ii lljinro by I'rimr'

MAl'llICK.

SpariiH »(tlin, LACi::i4:nE, llint. Nat. PoIhs., iv, 1:)0, lt<U3; Imsoil on iinimaculatug of Ui.ocii.
Sarnim hinnerimaatlatut, (Juoy A (rAi.MAiiu, VuyaKU Frcyciuet, Zool., I!lt7, 1825, Rio

Janeiro.
Sargiig jtai'iilinfatiis, Ci'ViKU \- N'Ai.KNtMKNNKH, Hint. Nut. I'oiHS.,vi, 00, 18^0, Cuba. (11 \

TiiEii, Cut. FishuH, I, 440, 1850.
(■jinu'ilus liraiiiii, (iKoNow, ("at. Kinlies, Ed. irrny, 50, 18.54, South Carolina.
Sin-ijiin carilxvK*, I'oEV, Mt'iiioriaH, ir, 11)7, IHOo, Cuba.

Oram III iKtf» iinimuciilatiii, IJi.oon \. Sciineidkii, SyHt. rditii., 184, 1801 ; al'lir Bi.ocii.
Sariiin uniiniiciihitiit, (Ji'viEU ifc Vai.e.nciknnks, Hist. Nat. I'oIhh., vi, OL', lK:tO; <}rNTiii.u

Cat. I'MhIkm, I, 440, 18.50; Kkie.v.MANN &. HniilEs,* Vvov. V. .S. Nat. ilim. 1887. 09.
IHjtloiliis CiU-ili(fll», .lOUliAN \ (ill.llEHT, Synopsl.x, y.'tO, lH8;t.
J)lj)liHhi.ijt<iroliHiiitiiii, JiiiiDAN, rrof. l'. S. Nut. Mu«. 1H80, 4i!.
Airhosarijitu uniiiiaciilatiis, Jordan \- Ficsleu, I. c, 520.

17»4. AKCIIOK.llKaJS rODKTAI.KSII (St< iiidaclinor).

Head :{.i; depth 2ii. D. XIII, 10; A. Ill, 10; scales 7 or 8-18-15. IVi -
torul 111! reaching .second aual spine; hody rather less dee]>, tlie snout a
little longer; ventrals shorter, 5 to 5jf in head; otherwise e.ssentially us
in Archosargus itnimncithtlns, of which it is the I'acilic coast represenia-
tivc. ClalapagoH Islands, rather scarce, one specimen (d)tained hy tlio
Alhalross on Chatham Island. The dirt'erences hotween tho 2>UHrtah»ii and
iinimacitlatiia are very slight, and might he ignored wore it not for the
remote and restricted habitat of the racific form. (To TiOiiis F. de I'oiir-
tales, a friend and associate of Agassiz, who was with him on the Ilas-sler
expedition, by which this lish was discovered.)

SardVipourtalesii, Steindaciinek, Fisclio Afrikas, :il», 1881, Galapagos Islands.
Archoxarrjvn jinurtalinii, Jordan A: Bollman, Pioc. I'. S. Nat. JIiis. 188!t, 180; Jouda.n \
FliSLKK, I. I!., 521, 1893.

1735. ARCIIOKAlUiUS TRIHKNS (I'ocy).

Head more thau 4; depth 2,'„ in total length with caudal; eye III in
head, 1 in snout. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 9; maxillary extending to a point
between the pupil and the anterior border of the eye. Incisors ij on each
side. Prolile with a sliglit depression above the eye; second anal sjiine
much longer than the third. Color grayish, belly white; 8 golden longi-

* The .siiecimon.s examined by P^igcninann and Hughes, now before us, differ decidedly
in the proportions, the color, and tlie size of tlie teeth; but while tlie difference.s of tliV
extremes are very marked, the intergradation is so perfect that no tangible Hpecitie (Ms-
tinctiuus can be inade out. We liave only tlie deeper form (jlavoUiieaius) from Key \\'est,
while we have botli extremes from Havana. So far as we are abh* to judjce from tlu'
figures and the descriptions, the uni inaculaHtg of Bloch &. Schueid('r, Cuvier & X'alcii-
cienues, and Jordan & (rill)ert. tlu' carihwiin of Pooy, and the humeri- iiiaculahis ()\uiy \
Gaimard, represent the more slender form, while the jlavoUnfatut Cuvier <fc ValencleuiiuM
represents the deeper form. The ditl'erences of the extreme forms seem to be these:

The deeper form, {.jiavuUneutus): The more tlender form {unhiiacitlatus):

Greatest depth, 2 in length.
Ventral outlint^ very mm;h rounded.
Distance from insertion of tirst dorsal

spine, oldiqucly to snout, 1^ in depth.
Teeth about ^ narrower tlian iu the more i

slender form. 1

Body more compressed. I

Greatest deiith, 2i in length.

Ventral outline almo.st straight.

DistuiK'c from insertion of tirst dms.al

spine, obliiiuely to snout, 1 in dc ptli.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. l.'JCl

fiiiliiiiin)aiuls; ti black Hlioiildor Hpot. (Po«'y.) Culm; known only from
llit> (losci'iption of INx'y. Uh diHtinctivu cliaruct<>rH noud vurifi<Mition, it
Xw'wi |>osHih]y an abnoiuiii] speciniun of ArrhuHuryuH niiimaculalna. (/rei,
tliicc; thiiH, tootli.)

Siifni" Iridinn, I'oEV, Kiiiiiiincrntlo, ,17, 187,'), Cuba.

.li;-l..lliirili'S iriilPtHt. KlllKN.MANN iV IIIICIHKS, I'ror. U.S. Nlll, ,MUH. 1«87, 70; JoltllAN &

kkslkh. J,c.,r)2i, iHo;i.

Subgenus ARCHOSARGUS.

178«. AlUilOSAIUMS IMUHtATOCKIMIAIJ S (Witlltituni).

(SlIKKI'SnR.vn; Saioio Kaiado.)

Held 3 to 3^ ; depth 2 to 2.5 ; oyo jtlacod liijjh, I in \wa.(\, l.\ in interor-
bitiil. 1} in Hnboibital. D. XII, lOorlL'; A. Ill, 10 or 11; scales 8-48-15;
iiioiilli laifjfi, nearly liori/contal ; niiixillary ^ij iti head; incisors IJ, ontiro
or slij.jlitly «Muarj;inatt^, Herratc in tlio younjj, hroad, tboir breadth abont
\ tiicir length; niolarH in 3 strife aliovo, in 2 below; those of the inner
serits larger, those behind the inci.sors very small, gill rakers about
;{-fB. Highest dorsal N))iue 1^ inliead; dorsal and anal spines notably
lietciacantlious. Caudal not deeply forived; second anal s))ine abont 2 in
lieail. much longer than the third; vontrals not nearly reaching vent;
licctiiials reaehing i>aHt beginning of anal, slightly longer than head.
(iicipital crest broad, its honeycomb structure ]>Iainly exposed at its
ii|i|itr margin. Color grayish, witli abont 7 broad black cross bands
crossing the body, these most tliatinct in young; no distinct shoulder
s|iiit ; spines silvery. Atlantic and CJulf coasts of the United States; Cape
Cod to Klorida Keys and Texas; one of the most common and most valu-
able of the food-tlshes of our Atlantic coast, its tlesh being especially
excellent in llavor. {npofiarov, sheep; xscpaA)}, head.)

,S;,(()»s (Slioepslieiul), ScHui'K, Sclirlt'ten dor lipscllsch. Naturf. Freunde, vni, 152, 1788,

New York.
Siniiiii: prohatoceiihaliit, Waliiai'M, Arteili Pise., 2!l5, 1792, New York; based on SruCiPK.
Sinini.1 ovio'iihaliit, I5lo('H & ScHNEHJEU, Syst. Iclitli., 280, 1801, New York; b.ised on

Sciliil'K.

,S(i/;/)<,v mug, .MiTCMUj,, Triiim. Lit. and I'liil. Soc. N. Y., i, 1814, ;!!)2, pi. 2, tij;. ,1, New York ;

('r\iEH it Valknciennes, Hist. Nut. I'oiss., vi, .'i;!, 18;i0; (ii'NriiEU, Cat., 1, 447, 185!t.
Arcliiitiiiriiuii prolnitiH-eplmlvf, i. • i., Cut. Fish. Fa.st Coast North America, 27, 187U; Jolt-

|i\\ & Fesi.ku, i. c, ^ '.uitlt.
Dii>h»hig probatoci-plinlus, .Iokuan & (In.itEHT, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 278; Jokuan

\ (iiLiiEKT, Syuojisis, 558, 1883.

17J17. AK<:iIOSAR(a;s AKIKS (Cuvier & Yaleiicionnes).

Head 3^ ; depth 2^. 1). XII, 11 ; A. Ill, 10 ; si^ales 7-44-1 1. Incisors nar-
rower than in A. prubatoeephahts, their breadth 2A in their length. Gray-
ish with about 6 dark crossbars. Otherwise as in A. prohatocephalu8.
Honduras to Brazil, rather rare; known from Rio Janeiro, Maracaibo, and
l!eli/e; only the original type seen by us. It would appear to be closely
allied to .1. probatocephalus, distinguishable only by the slightly narrower
teeth and i)os8ibly larger scales. It is probably to be regarded as a geu-

■V

'I,

1302 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

);rnphiciil variety or Hoiilhorn ruproHoiitative of tho oomtnon BhcepBhoiul.
{AricH, tho ram.)

Sargu$ ariei, CuviRR tt VAi.RmiKNNKH, Ilint. Nat. PoIhu., vi, TtH, 18;iO, Rio Janeiro; Mata

caibo; (!('ntiieu, Cat. FinlieH, i, 441); (K'ntiibb, KIhIich <;<'iit. AniiM'ica, :iRO, 1804.
Arrhomryut pnihaloefphalm uciVk, Euiknmann A IIikiiibb, Troc. l'. S. Nat. Muh. 1887, ".t.
Arehimnrijus arii», JuuiiAN A Fkhlkk, I. c, 622, 181i;i.

11

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556. DIPLODUS, KulinuHquo.

JHplndiiii, KAFiNREx^rK, IikIIco il' IttiotoKiii Sioiliumt, 54, 1810 {a>niu!arl$).

Saiyu*, CuviKK, Ki'kih) Aiiiiiial, Kil. 1, 272, 1817 (i((rr/u«); iiuino proocciipicil in Inatu^tH.

Body oltlong or oviito, iiioro or less con)preH,so«l, thr Imck eloviitcd;
month ratlior Hiiiall, terminal, low. Iiu-isoiH broad, triinnatts entire; n
BerloH of smaller teeth bolilnd them. Molar teeth moHtly in 2 or .S rows.
No teeth on vomer or palutinnH. HcuIoh moderate. Dorsal spines nsnally
12, strong, deprossible in a groove; anal spines rather strong, (candid tin
forked; interhii>nnilH nnnioditi(Ml; first sjiino-bearing intornenral Avithonl
antrorse spine above; sknll essentially as in Arvhomnjus, tlie frontal boni'
more cavernous, (lill rakers short and Hlend«<r. liranehiostegals tl.
Intestinal (^anal short; pyloric e<i'ra fo.v. Coloration nsnally silvery, with
a black blotch on the back oi th^ tail; young with black ('rossbars. Cm-
nivorons species, chielly Enropean; valnt^l as food. The genns Diplodnn
differs from ArchoHurauit chiefly in tho absence of a procnmbent dor.siil
spine. Tho sknll in Diplodim resembles that of Arv.hosargHs, bnt the
<-avernonH or honeycombed strnctnre of tho interorbital area is still nion'
prominent. (S/ttAoo;, <lonble; oSovi, tooth, from the two forms of teotli. )

IIOUIUOOKII, ITIIH.

a. ScaloH lar^c, about .IB in lateral lino
an. .Scales smaller, G2 to 65 in lateral line.

h. Kyo larf;e, 3J in head, I in snout.

lib. £yo smaller, 4^ in head, 1) in snout.

AKOENTEUS, 17;i!».
HARUU8, 17411.

17SS. Ul['liOIU;s IIULBltOOKlI (Bean).

Head 3;}; depth in ad"'^ 2)^; eye 4i in head, li in snont, or If in ])ic-
orbital. D. XII, 14 or !.'>; A. Ill, 18; scales 7-50-11. Body regnlarly elli|i-
tical, moderately compressed ; profile regularly rounded, not as steep ns in
THplodiia ai'ficnteua; month large, almost horizontal; maxillary not readi-
ing front of t\vo, 3^ in head; incisors |, inserted obliquely; molars in
3 series above aiMl 2 below ; gill rakers i diameter of pupil, about 7+M;
longest dorsal spine 2i to 2:| in ho;id; caudal deeply forked; second ana!
spine little larger than third, S.J in head; ventrals reaching half way to
anal fin; pectorals not reaching to first anal spine, 3^ in body; clieikH
with 4 rows of scales; steel-blue above, paler below, a broad black border
on the operculum; a black 8i)ot on the upper part of Itase of pectoral; 11
broad black bar extending across caudal peduncle abc /e. South Atlantic
and Gulf coasts of the United St.ites; Cape Hatteras to Cedor Keys;
rather common as far north as Beaufort, where tho young swarm about
the wharves. (Named for ,Fohu Edwards Holbrook, the distinguished
author of the Ichthyology of S<mth Carolina.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1363

Saf'ii(»hi)lbrnokii, UKAN.Forcnt ami Strt'iun, Jiiimi HI, 1878, Charleston; Mean, I'roc. U.S.

N'llt. MUH. 1K78, IIIH; JoUDAM *. (tll.HKKT, ^ro«^ U.S. N'llt. MllH. IH7H, ;i7«.
IHnln.hll hoUnookii, .IdKDAN it (ill-IIKKT, SyilopHlH, BM; KlOBN.MANN &. HlUIIKH, VuH'.. r. S.

N,it. Mim. 1HR7, 72; .loitiiAN .V Kksi.KH, I.e., TtM, lHO:i.
I)i..i'ilii.i c(i ml i macula, JoliDAN A (iir.liKRT, SynopnlH, 551), IHHII; yoiiDK; not cauiliinaetda

oC I'dKY.

I7»9. IMIM.OIHIS AKIIKNTKIIS ((;iivler& ViilenriuniiitH).
(Sakoo.)

lliiul 3i ; «l«^]itli 11; «yo |{.\; snout :U. 1). XII, U; A. Ill, IH; Hcalea
S-tiL'-lli. ll«nly much <'(unproHm«<l ; <l(>rHiil uutlint' notably cloviitod; protU»
jiliiiiist strnJKlit, very Ht»op; iiioutli uuxluruto, aliiioHt horizontal; maxillary
;;i in licad; incisorH:!, placed as in /'. holbrookii; mohuH inHor t H(«rii'Hai«)ve,
•2 or I! below. Longest (l<»ri<al upiuo 2A in hua«l ; caudal lon^, forked;
HtMiiiid anal apiuo much atoutor and ^ longer than tiiird, 2i{ in head;
vmlials roachin); half way to second an.-il ray; poctoraLs roarhing to liiHt
iiiiiil .s|iine. Stcol-blut) above, Hilvery below ; a blackiHh border on th«) oper-
cnliiiii; a black Hpot on the upper jtart of the baHO of poctonilH; liv<' or
six very narrow, oblique blackiHh cros8l)arH; black bar not extending
(Mitinly acroHH caudal peduncle. WcHt Indies; Florida and the liernindaH
soiilli to Argentina; here de.s('ribod from a Hp(M;imen from New Smyrna,
I'loiiilii, obtained by Mr. William 1*. Shannon, the only record for the
ruiti'd States. The t.yi)e8 of .Sajv/M« «H/e»»^!M« in the MuHeuni at Paris are
iilciidlied aH belonging to the same species as the typos of Sartjng c.audi-
iiKiviiJa which are in the National Musenm. {argcnteus, silvery.)

SiiriiiinaTijmteu/i, (UjvierX Vai-knciennes, HiHt. Nat. Poiss., vi, 00, 1830, Brazil; (iOntuku,

Cat. rUhes, 1, 444 ; <iONTiiEi», Shore FislicH, .^ 7, 1880.
Sariiiisraudiiaactila, I'oEV, Mciiiorias, ii, 198, 1800, Cuba; Toet, SyiiojiMis, 310,1868.
I>ild",lits artjenteug, Kuienmann &. Huohes, Vvw. TJ. S. Nut. ^lus. 1887, 73; Jokdan &

I'lsLKK, I. c, 524, 1893; JJERo, Ann. Mus. Buenoa Airoa 18tt.'i. 50.

I ',

1740. DIPLODUS NAIMIIIS (Linna iih).
(Sauoo.)

Head .--..bont 3^; depth about 2; eye 4^ in head, H in snout, l^n inter-
orbitid. 1). XI or XII, 12 to !;'>; A. Ill, 115 or 11; scales 8-05-1(5; pectoral
L'i in body; ventrals 4; npper caudal lobe '^;^•, second anal spine 3.V in
head; inCisors rather broad, implanted obliquely; 3 or 4 series of molars
above, 2 or 3 below; crown of head convex, a protuberance above the
aiitt'iior angle of the orbit; preorbital not entirely covering maxillary;
uill rakers short and thick, about 6+ 11; pectoral fin extending to origin
of anal, ventrals nearly to vent. Color silvery or shining golden, with
many narrow longitudinal dusky stripes (8 or 9 .above lateral line, 15 or
IG liclow), and with 4 or 5 narrow blackish crossbands, the first between
tlio origin of the tlorsal and the axil. Coast of southern Europe; once
recorded from the Bermudas (Goode); known to us only from descrip-
tions in the American fauna on the record of Ur. Ooode. Here described
from a specimen from the Canary Islands. (En.) {ddfjyoi, aaiujiia, the
anricnt name of a species of this genus.)

«■■>' ■■.

■. ".' j:
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I i

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J

1304 Bulletin ^7, United Stntes National Museum ,

Sparui tanjun, T.ivN/KI's, SvHt, Xiit , FA. x,a7S, 17RS, Mediterranean.

Sariiim vni-ifiintii*, I.ai'KCI.hb, lliitt. Niif. I'ulMn., iv, 'Jn7. IHo:i, Mediterranean; (ii>i..i

Cut. Kinli. Itt-niiiiilii, In .\iii. .lour. Srioi iinil ArlH IH77, 'J!)3.

.S'(i r(/iM rdiici/ji, (iKoKKiiov St. IIii.aikk, Di'mit. iln i'Ktryplf, I'ohm., pi. xviii, 11^. ii I"I3

Coaat of Egypt.
Siir;iiiiiron(lii'tii,(Uv'\KU A Vai-K.N<ikNNKM, MIhI. NuI. I'limm., vi, H, pi. 141. Ih;I((, Metlii r

ranean.
Sariiiix rihilii, CrviKU \ N'ai.cncih.n.mkm, IIIhi. Nut. I'oInh.. vi. IH. |h:u). Mediterranean.
IHjituiliin niiniim, •Ihuda.v A I''khi.ki(, /. l^, &L'.'i, IMttll.

I'aiiiilv Cliir. M.KNID.K.

1 <

(Till". 1'icai{i;ls.)

Ilody ohlonj? or «>l(>u);iit«\ covtM-rd with luodorato (ir niiiiiII <'iliiito(l hciiIcs;
iiioiith iiioduriitM or hiiiiiII, e-xtrcinily profrat^tilo, tho H|)iiii^H iif tlio pr<*iii;i\
illaricH oxtoiKliii^ backwanl to tlio orcipiit; ti-ittli Hiiiall or wiintiii^, all
poiiit(Ml; no liiviHorHor iiiolaiH; doiHiil <oiitinii<»iis or dividiMl, tlio Hpim-H
very Blunder; preopurdo eiitiro; iiit.«Htino Bliort, witli fow pylori(! vnvn,
CarnivoroiiH hIioiu I'ihIiuh, chiclly of ilio Old World, In tlio form of tlio
month thoy ]»r«nont analo^ioH to tlio (lerrhlir, in otlnir n'H;ardH tlii^y rloMcjy
rentMnldo the llinindiii'v. (ionora I oro; HpccioH about 2."i. ( l'rinfii>oiiiiili(l,i^
h, in i»art, Olinthur, ("at. Fisht'S, i, I{8()-31K»J.

M.*;nin.k:
a. JawH 'with hiiiiiII ti^otli: dorsnl tin ni'itrly coiiliniioun, its rays .\'I, 11; lioily min
prtm.Hfil ; Hcuii'H nKiiliiratc. Si'irAiiA, .i .7

Km.mkmcimiivin.k:
(III. flaws toiitliloHM: tiiirxitl lin.s '1, tlio H]lilll^'4 v)>ry HloniltM', 12 to 14 in niinilter. mmum'
III' llitMii I'reH; lioily t'lmifrittu; lower |iliiiryn);eiilH with rnnlit'oiiii Ifitlh.

Kmmki.k iiTnvs ,'pjn.

!

f

) ,

557. SPICARA, Ualinea<|nn.

Siiicara, ]{akinesqce, Ciirattcrl, etc., .''•l, 810 {flexuoin .marin).
Smaris, CuviKK, Ui<{no Aninml, Kd. i, "JOU, 1H17 (■ininrit).

Body oblong, coinpiesHed, covered with moderate or small ciliated scaltH;
month Hniall, extremely ])rotrit(-tilf, the HpincH of the inaxillaries extendiiiu
backward to the occipnt; vomer withont teeth. Dorsal continnonH m
nearly so, its rays .\I, 11, the spint's very slender; i»rooi)orcle entire; iiiti.s-
tine short, with few pyloric cu'ca ; scales (iO to 70, Shore lishos of the < >l(l
World; one of them ou doubtful authority ascribed to the West Indies.
This genus is chielly <-onlined to the Mediterranean aud neighboriiii;
waters. (Spicara, a local name in Sicily, probably from spica, a spike.)

1741. SPICAUA MAIIT1M(!A (Ciivior \- Vnlenciennos).

Clo.sely allied to the Knropean sjiecies, Spicara amaris, but with tin'
body ronnde<l, compressed, the suborbital narrower and more notcli( d.
Color ai)parently plain, a small bhuik spot on the side. 1). XII, 11 ; A. Ill,
!). ((Mivier it Valenciennes.) West Indies, The typo of this species, 1
inch«-s long, is reputed to have been sent to Paris by I'lce, from Martinii|iu'.

fonfnH nmf livermauu. — /•isfus of North America, l.'J(»5

'iVrv likoly it is tli(M;«>iiiiiiuii l''.iir<i|H>aii piiari'l, Spiitim HmmiH (L.), itixl it
iiiiiv li'ivi^ couw Iruiii tho <>o;iNtH of I'l'iiiiri'. I'.iTorH of loiiiiity artM'oiiinion
III iiiii^i'iiiiiH, and t\w "Cahitutt dii lint " liaH nut Immmi )'\<'iiiiit finiii tliiMii.
(Niiiiio fioiii Murtini(|ii«).)

siiiiiiii iiiiiilinii-iiH'\\\t,H \ Vai.i'.niiennkh, IIIhI. Nat. I'oInh., VI, l:!», Im;io, Martinique.
,s/)i('i/(i iiiiiriiiiica, .loKiiAN iV l''KMi,i.ic, /. <i., W7, inm.

558. EMMELICHTHYS, l.'irlianlHoii.

yj„„fUi-lilhii», liii'ilAHiiHnN, VovfiK"* Ki'«I>hm iiml 'I'crror, I''I'*Ii«'h, -17, iHjtl tuitiilim).

IlifillnirlilhilS, TlMMINCK \ SCHI.KdKI., I'ailllil .la|M)nl<'ii, I'liJMX., 117, IHI7 (»ililflliU).
HtiX't 'I'll. lil'K'IIK.No'l', ill liny, lllHt.(Miill, II, 2(IH, 1HI7 (funiifiiri-iiK).
iy,jil, .ii'liiiiiiliiii. Ili.KKKKli, ('null'. It'lilli. ('i'li'l)i'rt, 1818 {IrucngrammieuH).
Iiifiiina. I'dKY, Mi'iiioriiiH, II, 11)3, IHIKi (I'ilUilii),

|IimI\ idoiiKiito, not iiiiich <;(Mii|ir«rH.siil, t-ovoriHl with iiiuileralt^ h<;ai«s;
Inail loM^;; iiiouMi iiioiieratr, <)li]ii|tiit, pritinuxiliarioH e\c«NHiv<-ly protrar-
till); tfttli oiisoloto; iiiaxillary liroad, Hcaly; io\v«if .jaw pidjj^rtinf? ; axil-
lary scalt^ Itir^o, prtMipori'lo iMitiio or Honulatu; optMclo fiidiii^ in a p<»iiit.
Iiiiis.il film Nuparati', i\w tirHt with hNumUm- HpiiirH, 1 or 2 of tliuiii frtMi
Iriiiii iiii-nibninu; Hoft dniHal short ami low, nuked, with a Hhoath of Hi;ah\H
;it liii^n; both linH pointed Ixhiiid; anal HpiiioH oliHiMire; <>aiidal widely
I'oikt'tl. I'ylorie eo'ea few. TImh kuiiiih contaiiiH about '> HpeeieH, bi'i;;ht
(dliinil IIhIich, inhabiting rather deep water or K(>>»K iuHchoolH in tluM>pen
siiiH. Tlir speeieM aro not well known, and eaidi onu of tlieni has been
inailf (lie ty|to of a distinct «enns by authors not ac(|iiaiiited with related
toriiis. We aro not (|uite certain that I'.mmelithtlnjH is prior t<» Erijthrh'h-
ihyx, imr arc wo aiiro that but one geniiH of EmmelUhlhii'tmv bIioiiUI be
i(>r(i);iii/i;d. Our species, (tailed hierm'ui {iiHrwix, nnarined), a^-rces with
EmiiiilichlliiiM in having a rounded preopercle, that of /•>;///( »it7» //(//« beiiijj
iiiMily a right an^le. Erythrichthi/M has larger scab-s aud a very broad,
scaly maxillary. F.mmdUhth\jH has the maxillary moderate, while in
Ininiiiii it is lij^urodas narrow, {tr, within; //.'Acrg, black ; /'^Or?, fish.)

Subgenus INERMIA. P<>«\v.
i;4'i. l-l.n.WKIiUIITIIVS VITTATI S (1'im \).

(KOliA I

Iliad I; depth I'J; eye i^ in head; suoiit iJ. It. XI, III-I, 10; A. Ill, H;
siaits 100. N'ertebra' lii-|-14. Body slender, fusiform, back rounded, the
si'i'IIdii of the body foi'iniu<r au oval of which the small diameter is jj the
laijif. Maxillary narrow, not wider than pupil, exteiidinjj beyond front
of eye, about 25 in head; Jaws subei|ual; premaxillary iirocesscs very
Idiiu;; ,jaw8 without teeth; pharyn<;eal teeth present; ])reorbital moderate,
j (lianieter of eye; ]»ieopoichs with its vertical limb entire, the angle
with llat, thin serra*, the outline rounded, the bono cavernous anteriorly;
lower Jaw uot cavernous; operde Avith a ronj^h ])oint; nostrils small,
jiliicid liigh; lower Jaw without pores; lateral line with asli>4;ht keel pos-
teriorly. Body everywhere with small scales except on tip of snout;

I, !

i.mo

Dulictin ./7, fbii fid Stalls /Vaiiomil Muscupn.

ilornal Una slonilnr; jtoctoral nliort, \\ in hviul; viMitrnln inndt^rnto, v iti,
uxillary HoiilitH; v««rtlciil Hiin without Ncali-H oxc-upt tlio Hhutith »t liit-;
oatiilnl tl««|>ly foi kutt, nearly uh lon^ mh IhmuI, tlio an^lcH pointtwl. ( ..Im
grooniHli, hliiiHh-wliito buluw; Hiiout ycllowiHh; a bniatl bund <*f K"|'ii
tin)(tMl vvitli yi'lldw from oyo to tail; thnto Niniibir bandH on bark, i||,.
niudian onu nioHt diHtinrt and niont m^ular; dornalH palti yullow; rmxiii
dnpky violot, tho Itordttrn piilo; pi'ttoral nmy; vontralH and anal wliiic.
Cii'da 5; ail' idnddttr vny Hniall. lion^tli M inchoH. Havana (I'im\,,
\'ory ruri), bnt oo-aHionally viHitin^ tint coant of Cuba in ^nuit Hcbon,-, m
Dttroniber. (I'ttlatim, -itripcd.)

Iin'imia vittnta, Poicr, MinimriitM, n, lu:i, 1800, Havana.

tUitmeliehthfiil viltittiiK, Pdkv, .Syilii|mU, irJO, IHOH.

Erythrichthy$ viUatun, I'oby, Kniiiii<<rutio, 4U, IH75 ; Johdan \ Keslku, I. c, fiS, 18U:i.

I'' I

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I;:!! '

IM

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i I
M

Family CIJII. (IKKKID.K.

(TlIK Mu.lAltnAH.)

Hudy oblon;jor<(dcvat»'d, <'Oinpn'HHo«l, rovorcd with Inrjjo, Hniooth schIcm;
lateral lino continuoiiH, cont^urrt^nt with tliu back; month modcinic,
uxti'omely protractilv, duscondin^ whnn protnidud, tint H])lnuH of tlitt juts
maxiUary oxtuudinf; to above (^yu, (dosing; a di'v]) ^^roovo in tlit; tttp of li< :i(i;
maxillary witbontMnpplemental bono, iiotHlippin;; under tho vorynaridw
proorbital, it» snrfaiie Hilvory, like tho rowt of the head; baHo of niaiulililc
Hfaly, a slit botwven it and the proorbital to permit its free motion; lioili
,jawH with Hlondor, villiform teeth; no iucisors, canineH, nor molars; no
teeth on vomer or palatines; i)n'oi)enle entire or serrate; Hides of licud
Hcaly; noatrilH double, round; ])Heud4d)ran<'hia' <M)ncealed; ^ill rakers >liiiii,
broad; gill nunnbranes Hoparate, free from the iHthmns; dorsal liu Hini;li',
continuous or deeply ncttchod, the spinous and Hoft portionu about niHMllv
developed, with a scaly sheath alon;^ th(« base; dorsal S])ine8 usually :i oi
10; anal UHually with 3 s])ineH, the soft portion of the (in similar to liic
soft dorsal but shorter; ventral tins thoracic, I, 5, rather close to;ii iIhi.
slightly behind pectorals: braut'liiostegals(5; lower pharyngeal bones (lose
tog<'ther, often appearing to be uniteil, the teeth blunt; air blaihler pres-
ent; pyloric co'ca rudimentary ; vertebra- 10+11 21. Oviitarons, (icruT;!
6 or S; species about 10. Carnivorous tishes of moderate or small size
inhabiting the tropical seas. Tht\v dilfer considerably in form and in
deve1o])ment of spines, but the intergradatioiis are very perfect, so tli.it
bntfor the osteological peculiarities of certain species all might be placeii
in one genus. * The larger 8))ccie8 are used as food and are of excillcnt
llavor. {Uerrida; (Jilnthor, Cat. Fishes, iv, 252-2«j1, 18»>2.)

a. DurHiiI tin coutinuoiis, deeply iiotclieil.

6. Second interliii'iiiat spine Hinf^nliuiy developed, jib a liollow eylindor, roiiiinirii.
tively sliort mid niiirli expiinded. tlie postt>rior end of tlie air bladder cnlcr
iiig itH cavity J j>reoperclc iiiul i)reorbital entire; anal H])ineH .■), the sicoml
not iniu'h enlarKed. PIccinohtomis, j'l'.t.

*For descriiitioDH and ('oniplete Hynonyniv of lite HjieeieH of this family woe iiiiprr liv
Evormauu & Meek in Prou. Ac. Nat. Sci." I'l'iila. 1880, 250-272.

Jordan and F.vennann, — Fishes of North Anuriax. l.'Jfl?

hh. Ht'cniiil intrrliii'innl ■ptiin iiorniall.v iI<-vvI(i|h'iI, not linllow, llii< iilr lilitililnr iml

KnlrrliiK it.

e. Sto'onil liiti'i'liii'tDitl M|>lno v«r.v Mli<irl, liliintiitli; niul M|)lnpM 3, botli Nniiilli

|)rito|M'M'lii iinti |iiTi»rliltul unllri'. UL.f.MA, Stio,

I'd. S4ti'<iiiil iriliM-liii'iiiiil H|iiii« luiiK. H|)«ur'H|iii|H>il ; iiiiul ii|i1iii>n '.> or ll, the •ocniiil

(■iiliirKUtl.

(1. i*r(M>|H'rrli' t'Utirtt; HUfltuxl iinitl M|iiiHMniHli'ritt«. X viT.ttMA, Mil.

(/(/. I'r<to|i(iri^Ui Ntirratft^ acfloiiil anal Hpiiio tniioli unlaruttil. (iRkkbh, 502.

559 EUCINOSTOMUS, Itiiinl A (iiraiil.

(Mo.lAKItlTAH.)

AiMMiix/nmi'f, llAlitl) \ (ilUAKl), Niiitli Hiiiith. liotiorl IN.'iB, '.!•) (a/','/<'iif<>i>«).

Iiitorliiciiiul Itono of tlie Httcoiul uniil Hpiiiu gn^atly iiioililltMl, expanduil
into a hollow rylindur, iuto which thn poHtorior fiid of tho uir hliuMor
eiitiTs. I'ruoport'li) uiul ]troorhitul entiro; body coniitariitivoly oloii^uto,
Hiil>i>lli])tii'iil ill form; uiial NidiieH 3; Ww Hucond anal Hpin«« and foiiitli
(loiMil Hpiiio not ^ruatly oiilar^ft'd. S])«*'i«;H iiunu>rouH in warm H<>aH, r«i-
iiiiirUabh) for tin- Htiuotiiro of tho hucoiuI iiitorhii'iiial, which ia fornird
soiiixwiiat an in CalamuH, hut lumh nioro inodititul than in the latter Kunna.
(m\ well; Hii'tici), toniovo; droun, month.)

(I. I'munxilliiry Kroovo wlioily imkod, linear or Hcniioval, Monietiincs conHtrictnil at
ItaHC, liiit never hciiIihI; anal rayH III, 7.
h. K,ve very lar^e, Uh ilianieler niiieli greater tlian len(;tli of huouI, '_'| in length of
liead. KxpoHed portion of uiuxillary Ninall, triaiiKuluri prumaxillary xmovu
linear. iiowi, I7t:i.

hh. Kye inoderatu, tmiially more than 3 in head, itH dianietnr ahout equal to length
of Hnout. KxpoHcil portion of maxillary triangular in front, obloD); litOiiiid.
c. Itmly elongate, the bai^k little elevated; greatest depth '.i^ to 11} in length.
Anal H)iineH Hmall, the Hucond 4^ in length of head. I'HEriKxii^LA. 1744.
ec. llody more coniproHHcd, deeper, tho hack more elevated; groatOHt depth
2'i ill length.
(/. Snontliliiiit: eye large, scarcely .'1 in head; necond anal spine large,
2ij to ;ii in head ; premaxillary groove linear. itARKNdiiLi'a, 174.').
(/({. Snout less hlnnt; eye not ho large, more than II in head; second anal
spine 8liort«'r, 3| to4.J in head; the premaxillary groove becom-
ing broader with age, linear in the yoiiiig; spinous dorsal black
at tip, especially in the young. cAMFoHNnoNsis, 174(1.

(1(1. I'remaxillary groove scaled in front, the scales leaving a naki'd jdt behind. Kejith
2f! in length; head 3 to 3,^ ia length of body. Second anal spine about ll} in
head. OULA, 1747.

I74:t. i:iIVIN0ST0NU8 DOWl (Gill).

Ileiid ;V? ; dei)th U; oyo larj-e, 2'i in head; snont 3i, and interorbital 3,";
in head ; scales 5-45-10. Hody rather slender, comiuosHed, elliptical, back
little elevated, head Hat, with a slif^ht d«'pres.siou above front of orbit.
Maxillary triangnhir and small, the width at the iiosterior end being J tho
leiij,'tli, which is about ^ diameter of eye, also A length of second dorsal
spine. Proorbitiil and ])reoperele entire. Second and third dorsal spines
about equal, the third, perhaps, slightly longer, \i in head, all weak and
lleNihle. Second anal spine relatively strong, third weaker, but slightly
lon;;er, 2^; base of anal 1^ to 2| in length of head; least depth of caudal

M^

1368 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

■ ■ 1
; I' ; I

poduncle 2| in head; pectorals about J length of hciul, their tips reacliiiiK
vent; ventralsly in head, reaching; al ton t ' ilistancc to vent. Prcniaxillm y
groove narrow, usucally linear and naked, and not e\tendin<^ (piite to tho
vertical of center of pupil. C«dor silvery, with bluish relicrtions, daiki r
above lateral lino ; tips of spinous dorniil black ; ventrals dusky; a bljirl<
BU]»raorbital spot; caudal dusky; body covered with very line dark puiic.
tulatiouH. Length ;J to (J inches. The specimens here describo'l fKnn
I'anania. Tacifu; coast of tropical America^ (Jalapagos Islands; ranaiiia.
Specimens very similar have been taken at Key West and Havana, but
these nuiy be referable to EHci)iont(,mun liarcngulits. (Named for Capt.
John M. Dow.)

Diaptenigdowi, Gii.i,, I'roc. Ac. \at. Sci. IMiila. 1803, 162, Panama. ((■<41. Dow.)
Oerresdoivi, Evehmann &. .Mkkk, in part, I. c, 25!>.

1744. El'OI.NOSKJ.'ttllS rSKI'IMMJlLA, 1'o.y.

Head3|to3.i; depth 3j^; ej'«i 3,i in head; snout 3]; interorbital width
3*. 1). IX, 10; A. Ill, 7; scales .')-49-!t. Hody elongate, elliptical, nut
much compressed; Itack little elevated; profile evenly convex; top of head
little convex; mouth rather small, end of maxillary reaching sliglnly
J ast vertical from frontof orbit ; length of maxillary '.i^ in length of head,
its exjtosed portion nearly triangular and about \ length of head, its
greatest width .4 its greatest length; preorliital and preopercle entire;
snout not mneh pointed,. c(mical; cheeks each with 3 rowsof sciiled; 7 nil!
rak<-rs below the angle. Dorsal spines all weak and (lexiblo; second and
third subequal, H in length of head; base of anal 2 in length of head,
spines small, the secouJ the stronger, its length 1 1 in length of head, aliont
equal in length to third spine or slightly shorter; least depth of candai
peduncle 3 in leugtli of head; tips of pectoral tins reaching vent, tlieii
length about 3i in length of body ; vctnils l.V in head, their tips reach Jnij
J distance to vent; premaxillary groove long, linear and free from scales.
(/olor greenish above, with bluish reflections, silvery lielow; snout bia( Iv-
ish; tips of spinous dorsal black ; pectorals pale; dusky in axil ; ventrals
and anal pale; caudal reddish. Length 2:| to 7 inches. Here descriliiMJ
from specimens from Havana. West Indies to Brazil, not rare; IJermudas;
Cuba; St. Lucia; Bahia. {tpf^vS7f?, false; giila.)

EueiiiDStomns puciidngiila, Poky, Kniiineratio, .IS, \t\. 1, 187"), Havana.

Gi-rre.i jnni-si., GrNTiiEU, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hi.st., Ml, 1879, 150 and 389, Bermudas.

(•errespxetidognla, Eveu.mann &. AfKEK, I. c, 260.

1745. EUl'IXOSTOMIS IIAKKNGI MS, Goodo \ H.an.

Head3Ho3i; depth 3 to 31. D. IX, TO; A. 111,7; V. 15; V. I, .i; C.
-f 17+. Scales 5-44-10; diameter of eye exceedinglengthof snout, 3 times
in the length of the head, and equaling width of interorbital space; the
groove for the processes of the intermaxillaries naked; gill rakers small,
about 4 -j- 7; free portion of tail longer than high; least height of tail
ei|ualing length of sixth d(U',sal spine; third dorsal spine longest, its
length .vice in height o'body and e(|ualiug length of lieail without i)ost

orliital pi

(''{ualiii^

/iilly 1.1 til

>luirter thi

tainoil .'i-^ t

llian Jcngt

jK'ctdral re

tral half a

i liu hack \\

of I he sides

lu'j; tlio upji

tV lieaii.)

WcsfflM Fid
llti^ e of /III f

F.Hi illOitomUH

(I'yiiK, No
(i< ri-'S hateniju

Head Wi^; (

.siiDiil 3.i in

tical. coinprei

not Mi'v stee

almo.st to ver

po.sed portioi

2 in its lengtl

entire; prema

[ijnicilix), bee

and .sometime

.ahvay.s linear,

• iill rakers sm

lii'xihlc, the lo

iiii; ahoiit half

tips reaching 1

tr.ils and caiit

Color in life h

•lirsky ; .spinom

especially in tli

zontal li;ir. thes

soft dorsal pun

.'In the paper on

(ii'rres hareiuudiin,
till' syiiDiiyin'v of tl
are vcrvcjo.selv rejj
snout, si.iiiewliat l:i
■^nmifX]: .seeoiid hi
Mii,tiinii,',ixis froii)
!/"(".'!, /isrndoifiila (
varieties of one, j?.'

imo 9'

Ionian and livcrinann. — Fishes of North America. l.'MJO

'\

orbitMl portion; last doi sal spiiio equaling length of second anal, about
(■i|iiiilin;:l«i'J?th ofsnont, and about i aa lonj; as tins third; first dorsal ray
I'ullv li times as long as Mrst dorsal spine; second anal spine stronger and
-.liditcr than third, its length \\\ in length of head ; third anal spine con-
tiinod \\\ times in length of head; caudal forked, its length slightly less
tliaii length of liea<l, and very little greater than length of pectoral; the
iio( t.oral reaching to the perpendicular through <»rigin of soft dorsal; ven-
tiiil liair as long as head; vent under the second ray of the soft dorsal.
i iio hack with a slight tawny hue, interrnjited as it blends with the white
(it ilii' sides by 5 or (! indistinct scollojjy incursions of the body color, giv-
iii ■ the upper part of the side of the lish a marbled appearance. (Go(»de
iV iiean.) Atlantic coast of tropical America, connnon ; known from
western Florida, Key West, .Jamaica, Santo Domingo and liahia. (dimin-
utive oi harciKjits, herring.)

t:Hi-iiinttiimtis harenguluK, Goopk it Hean, I'roc l^. S. Nat. Muh. 1879, i;i2, West Florida.

( I'vpt), No. ">U5, r. S. N. M. ('oil. Kaisur \- .Miirlili.)
(,, , ;.« haiengulus,* Jorda.n & (Iu-iiekt, Synopsis, 584.

nU. Kl'('I>OST()Mi;S ( AI.II'OUMK.VSIS (Uill).

(M0.IAHUA (.'A.NTII.K.NA.)

ilt'Mi :H; depth L'J^ to 2*; eye not vi'ry large, its diameter S! in head;
siidiil "{.i in head. Dorsal IX, 10; A. 111,7. Scales 5-4,')-9. Hody ellip-
tic,! i. ('(tnipressed, back moderately elevated; anterior prolile little convex,
not \ ' ry steep ; snout rather pointed, mouth moderate, maxillary reaching
iilmost to vortical from front of orbit, its length 1! in length of head; ex-
nosed portion of maxillary triangular in front, oblong behind, its width
2 in its length, which is IJ in length of head; preorbital and preopercle
entile; premaxillary groove long, linear and naked in young specimens
{iirncilh), becoming in older examples (califoriiicnsis) more or less oval
iuid sometimes forming a rounded pit. In the cranium the groove is
uivvuys linear, this variaticm being due to changes in the tlesh and skin.
dill rakers small and weak, 7 below the angle. Dorsal spines weak and
llesible, the longest If to 2i',, iu head; ventr.al fins short, their tips reach-
iiijr alxiiit halfway to anal, their length IH in head ; pectorals slender, their
tips reaching beyond vent; length of pectorals about e(iual to he.ad; ven-
tiiils and caudal mostly covered Avith small scales; other fins naked.
Color in life silvery, greenish above; snout and upper part of caudal
(liisi<y; spinous dorsal punctate at base, usually abruptly black at tip,
('specially in the young; the dark areas sejiarated by a transjjarent hori-
/oiitiil bar. these markings wanting in some specimens, perhaps females;
soft •loi'sal punctate; caudal with a faint dusky margin; ventrals pale.

' III till! ])iiper on this genua by Everni-inn & Mt ek (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1886, 261),
Ci'i-rex hareiKjuliis, as represented by specimens rroiii Florida and Cuba, was referred t(f
till' syiiiinyiiiy of the west coast En'einogtomxiu ifrneili.i (califoniinisin). The two species
arc vcrvilosely rela.ed. A coinparisoii of spccinK'ns shows tliat liarenguliis has a blunter
siiiiiit, siiiiicwhat larger eye, anil larmier anal aiiiiies than eati/dniiingis. Kyo 2.i in head;
sniiut:i{; sei'ond anal spine 2J to IIJ in head in harnunduii from Key West (UJ, -ii. i^ in
c(di/iii-)iiciisia from dnymas). it is, however, not always possible to distinguish haren
giili'.i, psi'iiiUxjida. gr i ilis, rali/ornientis and doui, and perhaps all may prove to be
varieties of oii«, Ji.' cali/ornien»ix.

[mo 9

mi€^

, 1 - .. ;•! '

' .1 k

ji •,;'■■;'

iilP':

It ' ]

■)-r

1

f- !

i - ( ,

1370 Dullcthi /7, United States Natiotiat Museum.

Length 3 to K inches. Pncitic coast of Mexico; excessively conimou in
shallow bays, and enterinfj; streams; known from Gnaymus and Cape Situ
Lucas to Panama; onco taken at San Diego.

Diapterua cali/orniensin,* Glix, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. T'hila. 1862, 245, Cape San Lucas.

(Coll. XautuM. )
Diaptervt (jracilU, (Jii-l, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862,240, Cape San Lucas. (Ci.ll.

XaiituH.)
Oenrs cmercn»,\ var. nov., EiriRNMANN \- Eioknmann, Amor. Naturalist, Fob., 1891, ir.s,

San Diego. (Coll. Ei<{t)iiiiianii.)
aerrenijraeiliii, Kvkumann &. Mekk, I. c, 201.
(li'iret rali/oniienids, Kveumann A- Mekk, I. <•., 2iYi.
Eucinostomuii cali/ornimnis, ; Joiidan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 409.

1747. Ki;<'INOSTOJIi:S (;ULA (Cii\ i.;r & ValoncicniiOH).

(SiLVEIt .TiCNNV; MO.IAnilA DE LEY; PETITE (il'EHLE.)

IleadSi; depth 2;;; ; eye I^inliPiul; snout .3A; intororbital widtli .3. D.
IX, 10; A. in, 8; scalos 5-4l.'-9. Hody elliptical, (•onii)re88ed, back modi r-
atdy clovatcd, numth small; end of maxillary reaching slightly p.ist
vertical Ironi front margin of orbit; exi^osed portion of maxillary ncjiiiv
(d)long, its width about 2 in its length, which is from 4 to 5 in the lcii:;tli
of the head; preorbital and i)rcopercle entire. Gill rakers small and u(Mk,
7 below the angle; premaxillary groove scaled in front, tlie posterioi' |i;nt
naked, forming a wort of pit; longest dorsal spine U in head; second iiiuil
8])iiie shorter and stronger than third, its length about '^}^ in head ; vcntnils
reaching nearly to vent, their length 1* in length of head; pectomls
reaching front of anal, tlieir length about 3 in length of body. ,Se( (HkI
intcrliaMual hollow and enlarged. Color silvery, greeni.sh, darker aliovc;
no distinct longitudinal lines except in very young; ujtper margin of
spinous dorsal more or less black; dorsal and anal lins dusky, other linb

* The following i.s the .sniistanco of Dr. Gill's (Icscriptiou of E. californiensis:

Ilcadlil; <lci)tli 2f, in yoiiiij;. 1). I.X, 10; A. Ill, 8. Scales 0-44-lU, Caudal pediiiuli.
.slendei and attciiuutt'd iit middle. Tlic diameter of eye 2:-I limes (.0!)) in lie.id ; siioni li',.
Interorbilal area llaltened, groovo I'or tlie postt^rior processes of premaxillarics linind,
scaleloss, semioval, and reaching verlical of ends of niaxillaries, exjjosed portions of mux
illiirics convex above, semicordate, twice as long as liroad. Lateral line sigmoidiilly
curved. .Second and third dorsal Bi>ines nearly e(iual, SJ in hotly, IJ in head, nearly Iwiir
as long M8 last spine. Third anal spine larger than se(Mind, shorter than last dors;il unr.
and 4 in head. Caudal .', louger than head, eipiallng pectorals, and twice as Inni: ;is
ventrala. Color silvery, with steel-hlue reflections above; the lins immaculate. (Cill.)

t A speciniou taken at San Diegoiind recorded by Dr. Eigenninnn as "■ llerreH cincirns, var.
nov.," seems to belong to Eiifi)w.st(iinii,i fali/(>i)iieiii>iii. Head 3;'; de)»th 2;; ; scales Oi.'i- 111;
eye equal to intororbital space, .5 in head ; maxillary .jtist reaching front of eye; iireilors;il
distance 2.V in length : caudal tin slightly longer than head, second anal spine sliorl, ;iliiiiit
3.) in hc.'idl ventral (ins 1,\ iu heiul. Dark jiunctulations evervwhere, excci>t on vniliiil
surface; no dark lateral b'ars; u|i|ier ])orlion of H)>iiioiis ilorsnl tin blackish; all the liii.>
tiiiely punctate, the pectorals least so; a dark-blue iixillary B\utt. Length about 7 incliis.
San Du'go. (Kigeiimanu.)

;•' EiiciiiiiKtiimiig calij'iirnientit is generally common along tlie west coast of Mexico,
from (iuaymas lo Panaiuii. It is probably, liowcver, not found iu the AVest Inilii s. In'
clo.sely related Eiiciiionioniuii harnii/iilut being a)tparently a ditlerent si>ecie8. The >pi'i i
mens called califoruiensis by (iill. having the premaxillaiy groove semioval or Usli;i]ii'il,
seem to rojiresent the adult of this sjtecies. Those, called ';/''''«'''*. w'ith the premiixillnrv
groove linear, are the young or half grown. Still others, especially adults, have tlii'
premaxillary groove round, forming a pit, and every intermediate character may be Iniiuil.
At first wc thought it possible to separate crtii/or/uV/i.t/* and gracilis aa distinct siniies.
The c;ireful reexamination of some 200 specimens loaves us wholly unable to seiMialc
them, as all grades of variation occur. Apparently the ])renmxillary groove is limur in
the young, growing broailer witli age, but the changes very irregular. The name /.Cci/io-
stomitii cali/orniensinhas priority over A', gracilis". (Jordan.)

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1371

pulf. Tho form of this specios rf^somblos that of Kitcinoatomua mliforni-
,n^l'<, but the body is always less elongate than in the latter. Tho form of
its proiii.'ixillary groove, din'ering from that of any other species, attbrds
(lie Itest character for distinction. Carolina to Itra/.il, tho young ranging
iioitli to Woods Hole; excessively common everywhere in shallow water
aiul on sandy shores, as is its congener californiensia in the Pacidc. It
ro.M litis a length of 4 or 5 inches, and is used only for bait. The only spe-
cii .s ranging far northward, {gula, throat; from the common name Petile
iiiu'ilc iit Martinitiuo.)

(:,rir.i;iuln, CiiviKU \ Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., vi, 4f4, 18no, Martinique; G Cnthek,
('it. Fialios, I, 340, 1859, and iv, 2'>'>, 1802; Eveiimann \ Meek, I. c, 204.

^•»ll/l"^^>»l".v anjenlvus, HaiuOiV (!ikaiu>, Ninth Siiiitli. Keport 1655, 345, Bcesley Point,
New Jersey. (CdII. liiiinl.)

l-jiciiKifliimiiKijulula, I'OKY, Kniiint'i-atio, 54, jil. 2, 1875, Havana.

l)i,(l'i'riis homoniniiuti, (JooDK &• Hean, Proc. I'. S. Nat. Mils. 1879, I!4(l. Clearwater Har-
bor, Florida. (Tyjw, No. 23639. Coll. Dr. Volio.)

{/(crtv.' a.-i/i'uteut and homonymut, Joudan &. Gn.iiEUT, SynopHi.s, 584.

560. UL/BMA, .Jordan A:, Evermann.

ri'iiihi. .loiiDAN it EVEHMANN, I'roc. Ciil. Ac. Sci. 1805, 471 (le/rnyi).

This gi'iins is close to EuoinoHtomun, from which it differs in the form of
the soi'ond interhamial, which is short, bluntish, and not' hollowed out.
Tho single known species is slender in form, with weak spines, the anal
tin liMviug but 2. (oi'doc; entire; ahia, l)lood, for iiiterhiemal, the
iiiterhiiiiial being entire and not eup-shaped at its upi)er end.)

1748. UL.KJIA LKFIIOYI (tioode).

Ilcail H^ to 3.V; depth .S? ; eye largo, 2 J in head; snout 3^ ; interorbital
widtii I!; scales 5-47-9. 1). IX, 10. A. II, 8. IJody elongate, elliptical, not
very strongly compressed ; back little elevated; snout conical, not much
poiiitcil; mouth small, end of maxillary reaching scarcely beyond vertical
from iiiiterior margin of orbit, its length 3 in length of head, exposed por-
tion ni^iirly tri.angular, its greatest width 2 in its length, which is ."> in
ienutii of liead; top of head flattish; ])remaxillary groove long, linear ,ind
naked ; gill r.akers weak, smii I, 7 or 8 below the angle ; dorsal spines all
\v('ai< and flexible, second and third siibeijual, \ in length of head, upper
inaif,nii of the lin concave; second anal sjiine moderate, its length 4 in
liead; hast dept. of caudal peduncle 3:i in length of head. Color silvery,
ilaiki r above, ev(. y where with tine dusky punctiilations and traces of
(TOSS liars; top of f<<nnous dorsal black; dorsal, anal, and caudal dusky;
ventraLs and pectorals paler, but with dusky puuctulations; axil dusky;
a dark spot on supraorbital; snout dusky; no distinct stripes along rows
of .siaii's. Length 2 to 8 inches. Well distinguished from KucinoatomuH
pmtdoijiila and other related spec-ies by the presence of but 2 anal sjiines,
a cliaiiuter which reappears in the very different species, Gerres rhomheus.
A much more marked character, however, is found in the small, solid in-
terbainal, which is wholly unlike that of Eiicinoatomut. West Indies, on
sandy shores, north to Cedar Keys; known from the Uermudas, Cuba, Key

■ ■■! t!

' v

1372 IhiUctin 47, United States National Museum.

West, and Cedar Keys. ( Naiii«d lor " Maj. Om. J. II. T,efroy, Y. R. S., ;;i)v-
cnior of thu MeriiiiuhiH, a jrtnitluiiiau of wfll-known Bciriitifit; attaiiiiii* nU
and ruputation, ^vb() while doiii^ .so iiiiu-h for the Hocial aiul political wel-
fare of the ialaiids is also takiug an active part iu the development of tiir
Natural IliHtory." (ioodo.)

lHni>teru» h'j'roifi, (iooDS, Aiiifi-. Joiiv. Sci. niiil Arts 1K74, 12;i, Bermudas; Eveumann a

Mkkk, rnic. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liila. IHKti, 25i).
Kitciiwutoiiiiiii }iroiiucliii, I'oKY, Kiiiiincralio, !>.'), 1870; iiiul Ann. Lyo. Nat. Hist. N. V,

lK7f>, Havana.
IjUCiiiDslomun UJroiji, ( looUK, Hull. U. S. Nat. Mus.. v, 31», 1870.

561. XYSTiEMA, .Ionian A Evorniann.

(Mo.lAI{R.\.S lU.ANCA.S.)

Xi/xtcema, JdHDAN A Kvkumann, rrw. Cal. Ac. Sci. 18!t5, 471 {inni'mit}.

This genus <lifrer8 from (UrreH in having the preoperele entire. Tho
body is compressed, !>ut not greatly elevated, and the seeond anal uiid
fourth dorsal spines are less enlarg(id than in (Irrres. Tiie second iiiici-
hiemal is long and s|iear-Hha]»ed, not hollow, and not receiving the air
bladder, its structnre as in (In-res. One species, widely distributed.
(?u(Jr til', shaft of a .spear; ahux, blood, for interhiemal.)

1740. XYST«.«A t'INKUEUM (AValbaum).

(MO.IARHA I)E CASTA! MO.IAUUA ULANCA; BnOAI) SHAU.)

HeadSi; depth 2^ to 2i-! ; eye about 3,V in head; snout 31; interorliitiil
width 31, ; scales 6-45-10. Body eomjjressed, elongate, back moderately
elevated, tiie dorsal profile being evenly convex; month moderate, tin
maxillary e.Ktending but slightly beyond the vertical at anterior ma rc;iii
of orbit, its exposed portion triangular in form and twice as long as w idc.
its length being contained live times in that of the head; preorbital and
preoperele entire; premaxillary groove broad and free from scales; uili
rakers weak, 7 below the angle; distance from end of snout to dorsal tin
2\ in hMigth of body; second dorsal siune longest, about li in head and
not mucii stronger than the others; all the dorsal 8i)ines are weak and
flexible ; general outline of the u|»per margin of the sjdnous dorsal falcate;
second and third anal spines subeqnal, second 2,1} to 2'\ in length of Iicud,
the pectorals scarcely reaching anal, their length being ccmtained 3 times in
that of body; ventrals contained \i times in head, and scarcely readiin},'
the vent. (Joh)r silvery, with bluish rellections above; sides with TorS
lu'oken, bluish vertical bars, about e(iualing i)npil in width, most <li.stiiiet
in life, and present at all ages; no dark stripes along scales; dorsal and
caudal fins dusky; other fins pale; ventrals with a few dark punctula-
tions; axil daik; eye white; spinous dorsal and ventrals golden in life.
Length 12 to 15 inches. Both coasts of troi)ical America, and the West
Indies, north to S(mthern Florida and Lower California; generally com-
mon in waters of moderate depth; entering rivers; a good fish of con-
siderable importance, being much larger in size than species of Gems,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1373

Kuowu from Havana; Jamaica; Martiniqn*); BahamaH; Barbados; Flor-
iiln K<ns; Ma/.atlan; Kio PreHidio; (iiiatemala; I'uuuma; Chiapas. {c\w-
,r'(w. asliy «iay.)

r,ii(liiiifiiifreu$ pcltalut (thoSliad), (Jatehiiy, Nat. Hist. Cnrolinas, etc., 1731, Bahamas.

]l,:fii! ciiiei-fW, W'ai.Iiaum, Artwli I'iHciuiii, '22H, 1702, Bahamas; after ('ATKSIiv.

(,,,/■,* (ijii-itiii, (-'iviEU, l{(«n(i Animal, Kd.2, ii, 104, 1H29; ba^eil on Catesby; Ouvieu vt

\ Ai.ENiiKNNKs, HiHt. Nat. I'oiHH., vi, 401, 18:i().
i,,n-'H zilira, Ml'i.i.KU iV 'I'roschki., St;liomburgk, Hist. ISarlmdo.s, tHW, 1«48, Barbados;

Ci NTHKH, Cat. FiHhoH, iv, 2.'i4, 1802.
(i.n'HS'iiiaiiiiiiiiiniii, CrNTilKU, Cat. IMhIics, i, ;i49, 18.'>!t, Jamaica; Guatemala. ((JoU. Dr.

I'aniiUana Mr. Frank.)

562. GERRES, Cnvior.

(Mo.IAHKAS.)

fV( /I (■',* CrviEU, Ri^gne Anini., Ed. 2, 11, 104, 1829 {linentiix, (>tc.).

[)iiiptiriiii, Uanzani, Nov. Coninutut. ISonon., v, 1H41, 340 {auriitii.s).

C'((/hi/.(WJ"»i. Cantor, Cat. Malayan Vin\wn, 55, \Si>0 (li nedtim, kIv.)-. substitute for O'crrc*,

civiKR, regarded by Cantor as preoccupied by Gerrin, Faukicils, 1794, a genus of

iii>i'Cts.
M'htinit, I'OEY, Enunieratio, 50, 1875 (rhombea).

.'second interhannal loiij; and spear-sliiiped, not excavated antVuotrcceiv-
iii;; tlio end of the air bladder; prt-opcrcle serrate; body elevated and
iiKiiit or less rhomboid in form, tbe third or fourth dorsal spine and the
Hecoiiil iiual spine more or less elevated. Species numerous. ((lerreH, siu
old name used by Pliny for some fish, ])crhaps n Spicara, "Fuisse Gerrea
aut iiiiitilos Ma-iias. Odor impudicus urcei satebatur.")

((. riviirbital entire ; no distinct dark streaks along tiie rows of scales.
MuiiAiiHA (Mojarra, S])anisli name, from iniitjcr, Latin tnttlier, woman).

h. Anal spines 2 only, the soft rays 9; second dorsal spine about Ii in head; second
anal .spine IJ; premaxillary groove broad, scalelcss; body deej).

RHO.MIlEf8, 1750.
DlAi'Tliisrs {Sta, divided, nrepov, fin) :

/</>. Anal si)ines 3, soft rays 8.

<■. I'remaxillary groove broad, triangular or oval, and free from scales.

(/. l5ody ovate, tbe outline somewhat regularly elliptical, depth 24 in length.

Dorsal spines slender, but little tlex ible, tlu^ second scarcely stronger

than the third, 2 in length of head. Second and third anal spines

Bubeciual, 2'i in length of head, second stronger than third.

Al'RKOI.US, 1751.

"fill' genus <lerres\f{M established byCuvier in the second edition of the Ui'gne Animal,
tlin iiiMMc being based on 7 species as enumerated by him, iiiO)iiheiii,oyfna,ai>ri<m,p<>ii-ti,
Ii Ufa Ins, (iriiiirejts, tnul maineiitosus. One of these s]>eciesinu8t, therefore, be chosen as the
type ciC (iiirfi. In 1842 lian/.ani established thi; genus Piiiiitfnig on aiiratuii, a species
closfly related to rlionilwn.s, or rather to the allied oi/v^/i(>.v<()»«n. In 18.")0 tin? name Cat-
Mho'iiiiin was ]iroposed by (Cantor as a substitute for lierres. regarded as preo<;cupied l>y
the f!iili(>r nanu! frcivi'*, .ipjjlied by Fabricius to a genus of insects, .'i'ln! name Catoch-
ivniiiii <;iii only lit* us«!d it (lerres is regarded as ineligible. 15y the rules followed by us,
fiViTix must be retained, being spelled dilferentlv from Uerriii. In ditferent ]>ublications
of I'wy.iihiiiiit'H is made the tyjie of (lerrfK, altliough it is not one of (hivier's original
.spwii's. BhMiker substitutes liiaptenis for (Icrren and <'ati)rh(fninii, sitecifying phtmifri
as its type, while (Jill and I'oey have used the name Diaptenta for tbe, allies of nri/to, to
wliirli tlic name Eueinoitto'muis has been a])plied in 1855 by ISaird and (lirard. Althou; h
;i/» III iV/i can not be made the type of Oi-rres, it .seems to us that (he cognate species
liiii'alui: lau be so regarded. If this view is adopted, the restrii'led (lerrfs of the jiresent
work uciiild correspond exactly with Hie restricted (In res of I'oey uud Gill. Tilia fact
Certainly , I ustilles us in choosing lineatus as tbe tyjie of the geuus.

1374 Diillctin 4.7, United States National Museum,

\ t'

11 •

;<;,.;

(iKKKEB:

ail. I'ri

c.

?<•

(id. liody rliomboidal, Hhort and deep, with iingnlnr ontlincH, tbedi')>tli

iiHiially morn t hnn J li^ngtli ; H))iiiOH Ioiik and Hlender ; Hvcond doiHal

Hpinn 2 <"' niurit len;{tii of head; Hccund nnal Hpino morn tlian }

lon<;th of lioad. I'EitrviANUS, 17-i'j,

cc. rroninxillarj' groovii liroad, oval, nnd coverud with HcnleH (theHo houk*.

tiiiicH dt'cidiioiiH in ])iiorly proHOrvfd Hp<M'ini<;us). Anal rayH III, S;

RtMMind dorsal Hpino 1^ in head; second anal Hpin« 1} in licad; tciili

rathor lon^ und Hlender. olihtiiostumus, 17.'>3.

'orl)ital Herrnto; a distinct dark Htroak along each row of HcnlfS on back :irii|
HJdcM; body rliomboidal, with unv;ulur outlifies; Hpiues very Htruug; anal imns
III, 8 or !l

Scab's niwlerato or largo, 34 to .TO in lateral line.
/. SpinoH inoderatu, the secon<l dorsal Hpine jj to J length of head.

(f. Pectorals short, barely reaching viait ; second dorsal spine IJ in lic.jil ;

caudal shorter than bead; lateral stripes few: depth about i." in

length ; ;!9 scales in lateral line. nitEviMANUs, 17."i|.

(If). I'octorals long, about as long as bead; caudal longer than head ; sidis

witb numerous dark streaks along the rows of scales ; body ib . p.

the back elevated, thedopth 2 to 2| in length; dorsal and veutr^il^

more or less dusky.

h. Pectorals as long as head, not reaching front of anal, .'t to li-, In

body; scales US; longest dorsal 8i)ine Ij" in head.

I. Third dorsal spine rather longer than second; 10 ro\\ s ni'

, scales between lateral line and vent; opercle with leu it

any snuill scales at base. lineati's, it:.'!.

a. Third dorsal spine not longer than second; 11 rows oi

scales between lateral line and vent; opercle wiilj

numerous small scales at base. nKASiiJANU.s, 17".ti.

hh. Pectorals very long, ,', longer than head, 2J to 23 in body: .sec-

oud dorsal spine longest, 1^ in head; scales 35.

EMllRYX, 17i7.

//. Spines very high, the second dorsal spine longer than bead; second ;iiial

spine aboutequal to length of head; lateral stripes very distinct, alicnit

12 in number; depth of body 2i in length; pectorals very bmg, '.'■; in

body; scales 37. PI.UMieki, 17ri8.

. Scales small, 44 in lateral line. Second dorsal spine about as long as IhikI:

depth of body 2J in length; lateral stripes faint. MEXICANI'S, ITj'J,

Subgenus MOHARRA, Pooy.
1750. (iKRRKS RIIOMBEUS, Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Head 3^^; depth If;; eyt; 15^ in bead; snout 1; interorbital widtli"J;
scales 5-38-10. D, IX, 10; A. II, 1). Body lunch compressed, rboniboidal
inform, the back much elevated; proiib^ evenly convex to supraorbital,
where there is a slight depression ; snout somewhat pointed ; month rather
large; end of maxillary reaching to vertical from center of i»upil, its
length 3 in he.id; exposed portion of maxillary oblong, its width about
2!^^ in its length, which is 4^ in head; gill rakers stronger than in (jiilo
or olisthontomnti, 18 below angle; premaxillary groove broad, oval, mid
free from scales; pectoral fins reaching to front of anal, their lengtli !( in
length of body; ventral tins reaching beyond vent, their length 1| in
length of body; second dorsal s])ine stronger, but shorter than tliiid
and fourth, its length about l^ in length of body; margin of fin fakiite:
suborbital entire; preopercle entire; caudal peduncle 2f in length of

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1376

ImihI; anal spines constantly 2 in nimibor, the second 11 in lonjjith of
hi.ul. Color silvt'iy, withbluisii i-otlections, darker above; margin of dor-
.s;il till black; fins ratber palo; ventrals and anal with dusky pnnctula-
ti.ns; snout dusky; no distinct dark lines alonj; the rows of scales.
I .■iii,'lh H to 10 inches. West Indies and Atlantic coast of tropical Amer-
M ,[ ; generally eoninion; known from .lainaica, San Domingo, Martinii|ue,
I'licrto Cabello, Havana, Aspinwall, liio Magdalena, Kanta Lncin and
i; iliia. Easily known by the presence of but 2 anal spines, (rliumhviis,
rlKiiiibie.)

(„/(i.t rliombeus, CuviKK & Valkniiennes, llint. Nat. PoiHs., vi, 459, 18:10, Martinique;
San Domingo; OCntheb, Cat. FislicM, i, ^41, ami iv, 253 ; Kveh.mann & Mkek, /. c, 2(i6,

Subgenus DIAPTERUS,* Kanzuiii.

1751. (JEUBES AUUEOLl'8, Jorilau & Gilbert.

Head 3; depth 2i; eye 3H» head. 1). IX, 10; A. 111,8; scalesIJS. IJody
oviito, much compressed, the back elevated, the outlines nearly regular;
outline along base of annl very oblique; caudal peduncle very short and
(luc]!, tapering regularly to base of tail; snout rather pointed, projecting,
the interorbital area strongly depressed; maxillary long, reaching to a
point midway between front and middle of pupil, the exjiosed portion
iiMirowly oblong, its width a)»ont J its length; teeth sleiuler, in narrow
liaiiils; groove on top of head for prenuixillaiies sealeless, triangular,
nuiiiiiig a point opposite middle of eye, its width in front jj its length.
Kyc very large, its diameter greater than snout or than interorbital
width. Preopcrcle with angle produced, the margin sharply and finely
HniTiited. (iill rakers very short, not jc diameter of pupil. Scales moder-
ate, in about I rows on the cheek; lateral line running high, but little
anhedmueh above axis of body, even on caudal peduncle. Dorsal spines
slender, but little llexible, the second scarcely stronger than the others,
alxiut as long as the third, | as long as head; dorsal tins separate,
uotihed to the base, the upper outline of spinous portion very oblii|ue;
camlal deeply forked; anal low, the second spine a little longer and
noticeably stronger than the third, 2? in head; soft rays posteriorly not
risiiiu above their basal sheath of scales; ventrals reaching well past vent,
their length more than i head; pectorals long, as long as head, reaching
Hliglitly beyond origin of anal. Color in life, light olivaceous above,
silvery below; sides with distinct tinge of pale yellow; fins all yellowish;
vertical lins margined with black, the spinous dorsal with a ,jet-l)lack
blotch on tip of membrane of anterior spines; membrane of each 8i)ine
and ray of the dorsal with a distinct jet-black si)ot at its base; ventrals
yellow on terminal portion of outer rays only, the very tip of these Avhite;
tlj) of snout dark; opercular membrane yellowish above; lips with soiut*

* Diapterun is tlins defined by Ranzani :

'Caput breve Irons basi eoncnva, rostrum attonnatuni. Deiitesinaxillnrcs niinutissinii,
.■it<nio ctmfertissinii; Mendirana brancbiostoKia sejitein radiis fulcita. ( 'orpus valde com-
|ircssiini ut elovatuni. Secunda pinna dorsalis, nee analis in piunulas divisa.

lliijus generis una tantum species adluic nubi iunotuit, <iuaiu uppulavi Diaptcrum aura-
turn, ujusriue imaginem verbis nunc expriniere conabor."

■r

I I

y-'. V

' 1^ ':■

137(» Bulletin ^7, United States National Museuui.

!■• J

I

I-

y«ll«w. Piiiiiiinu; only tlio origiiwil ty|»«', '\\ inclitm loii^, known. («»/»•< ,.
\ut, gilded.)

(lerren aureolxm, .Tokdan &. riii.iiKHT, IJull. I, I'.S. KIhIi (!oiiiiii. 18H1 (188:;), II'JH, Panama
(Coll. C.U.Uilliorl); KvicHMANN iV MiiK, ;.<•., 'J(l«.

1752. (JKitKKS PKItrVIANUS, (.'uvier \' Valuuciouucs.

(McUAKItA I)K I.AS Al.KTAH AMAKIU.AS.)

Head H; dopth U/, . 1). IX, 10; A. Ill, H; «y«) ;{ in lioad, 8nout Hlij{htly
shitrtiir; ]»ect()iiile(iuiilin;;h«Md; vt'ntrals 1 j ; Hocoiid dorsal Hpinel/,, ; sccoiid
anal spiiu^ XL Uody rlioinhoidal, short and «leep, witli anynlar oiitliins,
the do]tth usually alutnt halt' lon^tli ; ]>n'opcrclo lincdy serrate; ed;;(; of
preorbital entire; s]iines long and slender; second dorsal spine, ulwn
depressotl, reaching to tln^ base of the third or fourth dorsal ray ; posterior
ontliue of spiuons dorsal deeply concave; ])ectoral long and falcate, rracli-
ing past front of anal; second and third anal spines about efpial in len;;ili,
longer than the soft rays, and when de}U'es8ed, reaching past tip of l;iNt
ray; ventral sjane reaching vent, the rays reaching midway between vi nt
and anal spines, rreniaxillary groove broad, triangnlar or oval, and liie
from scales. Colorsilvery, witliout dark streaks or bars; fins pale; caudal
andanal yellow. Tacitic coastoftroi»ical America; very connnon ; known
from Ma/atlan, Salina Crnz, Chiapas, Panama, I'ayta, and («uayai|iii|.
Length 5 to 8 inches.

<lene* penivianus, Cuviku A Valkntiknnes, lliHt. Nat.. I'niss., vi, 407, ISIio, Payta,

Northern Peru; ICveuman.n \ Mkek, /. c, JOfi.
(lerren bri-riruHtrit," Sauvagk, Bull. Soi-. Pliiloni. Paris, in, 187it, 208. Rio Guayas, Equadur

(Coll. Andre.)

175;{. OKRRKN 0LISTII08TUMUK,t (iooilo \ ]5ean.
(luisn I'oMi'ANo; MiTTo.v Fisn.)

Heads; depth 2. I). L\, 10; A. Ill, 8; scales r>-:37-9. l?ody rhomboid, .short
and deep, the back elevated, the anterioi' profile short and very steej) ; niontii
rather large; teeth slender, Itrush-like; ])rot)rbital entire; ]»reoperclo and
interopercle serrate;; groove on top of head, for reception of premaxilia-
ries broad, rounded behind, with a median linear depression, its surtiKe

* Oerret hrevirottrls i.s thus doscribcd:

"1). IX, 10; A. Ill, 8; L. Lit. 40; J,, trans. {•,. Hnutenr dti cnrp.s rontcnno doux inis
dans la longuoiUM'audalo non coniitrisc; lonjiuiMirdflatctntniislbis et dcnii dans la iiiinif
dinii^nsion. Lignc, rostro-dcirsale trt'.s-iiKdincc, conirnu dan.s la (li'ircs jduiiiu'ri. Mii^rim
olttiiH, i)ln8 court que I'o'il, dont lo diaiuctrt^ est (•oini)ri,s troi.s foi.s dans la lonjjui'ur dila
tcto; esjiace intc.rorbitairo nioins larjjoiiutsl'o'il. I'roi'cs.sus dul'int('i'niaxillairedr'))i>ii]vii
d'ccailles ct so i)rol()nKcant jircsciue |iis(|ii'au niveau du hord postcriciir dc Iddl. Diuxi-
enioot troisicnic ('!])in('s dorsalcs ilc nienui liautcur, aussi liauti's(|uo la distance (|ui.--(|i;iri'
roxtrcmitc du niuseau du liord du iircditerculc, ayant la nioitie de la hauteur du cm ps.
Deuxienio ct troisienu- eijiiu^s anales ]in'S(juodcnii''nu! hauteur, iilus court us que lascrdinli.
<!I>ino dnrsale. Caudah^ ioi'tenient e( liancn'M-. I'oi'toralcs arrivant presquo a I'iinali'.
(Adoration luiltbrnu'. Voisincdu ilenetirhoiiibeiiii, cetteespecu s'cn distin;;uo jtar lo pniiil
rostro-dor.sal enc.ont plus inidinc et par la position do r<eil, entaniaut cetto lij^ue rostiiili'.
liio (iiiayas (Equatour): Andre.'' (Sauvatre.)

t VeryCloiie to (lerrcs oliitlioslom im is the sjiecies described from liraxil under the ii:ini(i
of DiapteniK aiirntiin. Kan/.ani's tigun^ shows a louKPoi'itcd snout. lon;;cr than i-yf.
back elevated ; head 3J; depth 2; eye in head Hi! ; seciuid dorsal spine 1.', ; second anal >|iirii'
2.^. shorter than third; i»ectoral reaching second anal spine, sligiitly longer than \u-,n\:
caudal slightly abortcr thau Lead; scales 41. D. IX, 10; A. Ill, 8.

Jordan aud Ever maun. — Fishes of North America. 1377

.»»

I Mnii)I<toly ('ovorcd with siiiiill decidtioMs HcaleH which extend forward to
inst IxOiiiid nostrilH. Ky*) iiiodcriitt^ (iill raktMH Hiuall, about 14 on lowor
pill <>r iii'li- I><»r8iil HpiurH liij{h und Mtroiif?, the aet-ond iiwirly or ((iiite
•1, liiiin iiH hoad ; Hi^cond iiiiul Hjiiiio very strong, .} or more length of lu-ad;
il i;il Hiiiiii' Hlightly loiig«'r thiin Hecondund very slender; rjiiidal loboH long
1111(1 slrniler, u littio longer than head; ]»e(toral long, nearly as long as
li r.id rt'Utiiiug front of anal. Color silvery olivaceons; scales with faint
hil\ I'lv strtiaks, hut no dark ones; lins mostly pale or yellowish, the V(M1-
tiMl^sonicwliatdnsky. Length 12 inches. West Indies, north to Bontheru
I'ldiidM, south to Brazil ; rather connnon; much resembling fr<rrc0r/i(>m/<e((M,
witli which it has been confounded, but that 8)t«'cies has always 2 anal
siiiiH's aud the jtrcmaxillary groove entirely naked. {oXi6ho%, slipperiness ;
ori<//(t, mouth, from the protractile Jaws.)

(,,,,.< (ilitthostoiiia, (lOODK it Ueak, Proc. V. .S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 423, Indian River,
Florida (Typn, No. 2.')118. Coll. U. K. Kuril): Kvkiimann \ Mei;k, I. c, 207; KvKU-
MANN 'V ISean, rislics of Indinn UivtT, In Scimtc Doc. 40, 54lli Coiijircss, 2<1 mchmIou,

:■:;, l.-i!)7.

Subgenus GERRES.

1751. <JKItia:s ItltKVIMAM S, (iiintlirr.

Il,.;ui;i|; dei»th2Ji; eye :{;\ in head. D. l.\, 10; A.III,S. Scales fi-TO-ll.
|',a, k iiiiich lower than in (I. lincatus, and the pectoral lins very unudi
slioiiir, their length Ij in head; caudal 3 in body; frontal groove broad
imd naked; jueorbital very little serrate, almost entire; ]neopeicle weakly
scrrale; second dor.sal spine 1;= in head; second anal sjdne lij; teeth small
and siiort. (loloratiou of (}. liiientitH, the <lark streaks fainter; no black
on liasc of i)ectnral, or on lower lins; spinous dorsal dusky above, ((iiin-
tlui.) Tacitic coast of Mexico; only the original type from Chiapas
kiitiwu. (bct'cjs, short; m a n ii s, h;mi\.)

(;,iic,s Inn-imaniit, GlN'IUEH, I'l'ic. Zool. Soc. Loudon 1804, 152, Chiapas; KvkRMA.nn &

Mkkk, /.(.'., 270.

1765. OKRUKS LINKATUS (lliiniboldt).

(MO.IABRA rUINA.)

Head ;?|; depth 2h 1^- 1"^. 10; A. Ill, 8; scales 5-31-10; eye '^ in head;
snout :!| ; pectoral f',, longer than head; ventrals 1^; secoiul dorsal spine
Ij; Hocond anal spine l.U Preorbital liuely .serrated; snout scarcely as
long as the eye; groove for the premaxillary processes very broad, scale-
less, (fxtending backward to the vertical from the center of the eye; oper-
cl(! with ;{ or 1 rows of large scales, few or no small scales along its anterior
t(lj,'c; d(iis:il tin notched, the last spine being not much longer than the
eye; dorsal spines strong, the second as long as the head without snout,
third spine usually a little longer than the second of the dorsal fin; .second
.ind tliird anal spines about e<iual in length, longer than the soft rays and
readiing to the end of last ray when depressed; the pectoral extending to
tlio vertical from the first anal spine; caudal deeply forked, with the lobes
('(inal ill length to each other and to the pectoral. A blackish streak along

: . n

II; *i

m .

mm

,,T!

hi- r

1-;
I,; •■

I !

1:1

1378 liullelin ^7, United Staits National Museum.

ouch HerioH of HcaloH; tli<- liiiidor hmIo of tlio axil, and HoniotiiiieM the int«.
rior, lihiokiHh; viMitrals iiioru or lesH dimky. l.tMi^tli K to 12 iiiclittN,
{lineatiiii, Htrvake*!. ) Wimt ('osiHt of Mexico; a food-DHh of hoiuu iiiijior.
taiice; K<^nerally coiniiiuu; known from Ma/atlan, Acapulcu, Han WIm,
inol (JhiapuH.

Sniarit limahit, IIi'MMOI.dt, Olmttrv. /on)., ii, luri, )>!. W, IHU7-Ih:U, Acapulco. ' .11

Aliix. vdii HiMiiliolilt.)
(Ifirftdxillarii, (iIntiiku, I'ror. /ool. Stx;. liOiiilon IH(U, lO'J, Chiapas.
(leireMtiinatin, Evkumann A Mkkk, I. c, '.'«H».

ITMl. UV.UHV.S ItUASILIANI.S, Ciivinr \ VulciioiiuiuoH.

(I'ATAO.)

Head ;{?; depth 21; cy(^ sniall, :Vi in head; HnoiitS^. 1), IX, 10; A. 111,7
or H; Hcalcs r>-;W-ll. Hody conipreHscd, rhoiuhoidal, hack very iniiiji
elevated; ])rotile nearly Ntrai^rht from H))inonH dorsal to premaxilhuv
f^roovo, where there in a Hli;;lit depresHion ; Hnoiit conieal, hlntitiHh; less
acnte than in <l. lincatits; month rather lar^o; maxillary reaching sli<;lii|y
beyond the vertical from anterior mar<rin of pupil, itH length 2' in
length of hea<l; exitosod jmrtion of maxillary oMon<r, its width 1" in
its length, its length U in length of head; jtreorhital and preopiK Ic
serrate; ^nemaxillary groove broad, narrowed posleriorl.v, entirely luf
from scalcH; operdo with 4 or r> rows of scales beNides nnnierous smdiII
ones at its anterior edge; jjill i rs short and weak, 11 below the aii^^lc;
dorsal spines rather strong and still', second and third snltecpial in Icimtli,
the second inneh the stronger, at least not longer than third, its lengtii 1
in length of head; npper margin of dorsal fin falcate; second and lliinl
anal spines snbeiinal, the second nuich the stronger, its length Ij in lcii'.;tii
of head; lea^t depth of caudal peduncle 2' iu length of head; ])ect(iriil
as long as head, not nearly reaching front of anal, II to 'Ak in body, (dliir
silvery gray, with blnish retlections, darker above, a dark streak iiloiii;
each row of scales, most cctnspicnons on npper part of body; tins all diiskv
except pectorals, which are pale; dorsal and anal blackish on llnir
margins; a dark supraorbital spot; axil dusky; ventrals more or less
dusky. Length a foot. Cuba to Mahia, generally common ; here desn ilnil
from a specimen from Havana. The species is extremely close lo (1.
liueatiis and is doubtfully distinct. On comparison of specimens wc note
no difference except those mentioned iu the analysis of species, and tlicse
are probably not constant.

(leireii hianilianuii, CuviEU & VALENriEXNES, Hist. Nat. I'oImh., vi, 4r.8, 1830, Brazil;
Porto Rico; Kveumann \- Mekk, I. <;., 26s ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. iHim, ;;.'!.
(ierres patao, Poey, Moiiiorias, ir, U'JO, 1808, Havana.

\^\-

* A specimen from IJrazil, typical of (lerres braiiilidniii. sIiowa llic followinsr cliarin tiTs
Eye iJi in head; senunil dorsal si>inc iiboiit 1b in iiead. Ventral not lilack, Init dusty
Hliaded ; soft rays of dorsal and anal also jxippcred witli dark points ; pe<',toral a littli nKiro
tlian head, not (piite to vent, :i iu body; second .inal \\ in liead. eiiiials 'i in len^'ih Imt
shorter, i'i, in body; second anal spine a llttio lon^ior and ventral paler than iu (Jubau
speuimuus (patao,)

\ .

Jordan aud F.vermavyi. — Fisfus of North America. 1370

1757. (IKKK^IS llMliltVX, .Innlaii .v SUrU, new <^\m^m.

II.. kI :<; (Ifpth'-'l. I). I\, 10; A. 111,8; HciiloNr>-:)5-l(); Niioiit:{j\ iuhi'iul;
mil llir.v - < ; «\vo I; mMond (Im-Hal spiuo I.\; hoioihI liiiiil M|»in« li|; por-
tdiii ! l()i>K("' tlinu hoad ; vnitnilH U; caiulul lolxt 1/;. ittxly cuiiipn'HHrd
ami :.ii;;iilur, tin- ImcU t)l«»vaf<'<l ; prulilr nli^^litly romuvi- ovrr »\vo, ttifiiro
striiii^'ly roiivox to tloiHiil; Hiioiit poiiilMil ; moiitli iiioilfiiili', th<^ iniixilliiry
ri<i(< l> ii){ slightly ]>iiHt uiittM'ior iinirKin of pupil, wiiltli of itH t^xptmt'tl poi-
Ijiiii..' in itH l«Mi);th; Jaws tilMiiit ci|iitil; \vv{\\ in tlic iipprr Jiiw iniiiiitu,
vui'\ .IriuUtr, iiikI nioviililc; tut'th in lowci- Juw oliH«)Uttt>; pn'orliital an<l
|iri'i>|.iTci(tHt'rnit«>; ^iil rtikcrHHliort, iilioiit l-\-\\\ pliiiryii);tnilH witli Hliort
hliiiii. jK^lthle-Uku t<M-th on Mio uii<lili««, and Hniall Hharp coniral t«>vtli on
till- (iiiItT cd^i*. CliiMdiH with \ or 5 rowH of Hcales; siiont from aliont
iiii(lill<' ot uyo, |ir«forl)itai titi^, Huborliital, maxillary, and lowiMJaw Hcalr-
|i..s; liasal Hlioath uf dornal compoMod of 1 row of Hcah-H; latoral linu rnn-
niiij: liif^li. DoiHal H])in«t.s lii^li, tlio Hccond, which is much tho H(ron;.:»iMt
iiikI li>ni;<>Ht, when <lo])rt'SNu<l, rt'achini; to thu ItaHr of tho last; hin^rcHt
(liirsiil ray abont \ Hucond Hpintt; third anal Hpino tint longest hut not
siMtiiMi^ aH Hucond, its tip ruachin;; well past end of lant ray, whun fin ih
(it'pit'MM'd ; pet'toral very lon^ and falcate, rt'achin); t(» tho vcitical from
the lioiit of anal, ,', longer than bead, L'^ in hody; vuntraU r»a<'hin^ pant
vent, lull not to anal; caudal deeply forked. Color in npirits, Hilvery,
ilai'Ki I' ahove; Hides with about 11 longitudinal dark slreaks following the
ii(w> of scales, I lollowing the lateral lims, those above parallel to it, those
lielow niore longitudinal; tip of snout black above; dorsal, caudal, and
vi'iitials. dusky; other fins ctdorlcss; axil dusky. liength about a foot.
('((list 111 .South Carolimi, in rather deep water, in company with Calamiix
kiictislniii, Cinlropristis philaditphicun, Lur'nnitn J'asviattm, and StilliJ'tr lan-
^fo/rt^'.•<. lltne described fiom a specimen (No. Ull, li. S. .Ir. Univ. Mus.)
12 inches long, taken at Charleston, by Mr. Charles C. Leslie, (f'y, in;
lipr:, the ocean depths.)

17uH. (IGltltllS FLrMIKKI, Ciivicr A VuloiiciciinuH.

(MCIARRA.)

Head 3; depth 2,',; eye rather large, 3 in head; snout 4 in head; scales
VliT-ll. 1). IX, 10; A. Ill, H. Hody compressed, rhoiuboidal in form,
buck \cry much elevated. Mouth rather large, maxillary extending
sli;;htly beyond vertical from anterior margin of impil, its length 2f! in
hriul; exposed portion of maxillary oblong, its width 21 in length, which
isljiii length of head; preorbital and preopercle serrjite; premaxillary
uroovo liroiid and entirely free from scales; gill rakers small, weak, i;^
ImIow the angle; distance from tip of snout to dorsal fin equal to the
j,'rt'altHt depth of (Ish ; upper margin of dorsal tin nuich concave; second
(loisal M])ine very strong and long, its length eciualing length (»f head;
second anal spine stronger and slightly shorter than the second dorsal
spine, its tip reaching to the vertical from base of caudal rays; third spine
shorter and much weaker than second; pectoral fins reaching beyond
the t'ruut of aual, their length 2:i in length of body ; ventral tins reaching

1380 JJit/tt'tin /7, UniU'd Stahs Niitiomil Museum.

■M

\\"i

past vent, ulinoNt to front of aniil, tlioir lonutli H^ in lon^th of hoily.
Color liliiish-Nilvory iiltovfl, Hilvory Inflow; vnry «liHtin(^t «liii'k lonKitiiiliii:i|
lint'H alou^ »arli row of hc'iiIah; ilorHiil, caiiilal, and anal linH «lnHl>y;
niarKia of tlornal I'm lilark; a dark Hupraorliital H|K>t; poctoral an<l vontial
linn palo. Lni^tli 10 inrtuiH. Atlantic roaHt of tropiral Anntrica, iiml
WoHt ludicH; ratlirr coinnion; north to tiaHtorn Florida; known from
Havana; i'ortoUioo; >San Domingo; .lanniica; M'lrtiniijnf; Indian Hivcr,
Florida; I'urnainlmco; Italiia; AHpinwall ; and(iMatt>inala. lluroditHrrilii'd
from a Npn-inKMi from Havana. (Namt'd for CharluH I'liimiur, >vho oaijy
mado palntin^H of the liHlnH of Martlniipiu.)

Orrrt* jilumifri, CiviKii iV Vai.knciknnkm, HIhI. Nut. rolMn., vi, 4S2, IHSO, Antlllei;
Porto Rico; (ilNTiiKK, i'nt. I'IhIich, I, U40, iinil IV, 25U ; JuUUAN Si. (ilLUBUr. SviiuimiH,
&8:ii EVKU.MANN ^^ MtKK, (. C, 27U.

1750. (JKItUKS MKXH'AMJN, .Sti^lmliichnor.

Head 4; depth 2^ ; HeaIo8 (B-43 to 45'-12). CloHely allied to (I. plu-
micri, the body lou^rr, the Bcalea Hoialler, the wocond anal Hpino Hhorter, i
Iciij^th of He(u)n«I dorMuI Hpine and 1^ in head; Heeond dorHal Hpiue nearly
aH Ion); aH head (nineh * ntronger than third Init not ninch hi^ln-r, .'t in
liody); ]>e('toral Hhort, aH lon^ aH hea<l, !ti{ in hody, not reaching anal t W
Hcales* ill aHeries from fourth dorital Hpine to lateral line, (iHeries hetwt in
fli'Ht dor.'ial H]iine and lateral liiif); preorhital ami ])reoperele Beirntt'.
Color much as ill <1. pliimieri, hut paler. Kio 'I'eapa, Mexico. 1 B|KH-iiiiiMi
known (Stoindachner); not Heeii ity iih; apparently diHtin^iiiHhed by tin
Hiiiall HcaleH.

(lerreH mexicanuH, Ktbindaciiner, Uolier oino nunc (Jerrett-Art, una Mi'xicu, Vt'rli. K. K
(ieo. Wiuu, .Kill, 1803, aSU, Kio Teapa, Mexico.

Family CLIV. KVPHOSID^K.

(TllK Ht'DDKK FiSIIKS.)

HerbivoroiiH fisheB, with incisor teeth only in the front of the jaws.
ISody oblong or elevated, with moderate or Hiiiall HcaloH, ctenoid or not.
Mouth moderate, with incisor-like teeth in the front of each Jaw; iin
iiicdarH; teeth on vomer and palatines prcHcnt or abHeiit; premaxill:ii'it..s
moderately protractile; preorbital rather narrow, Hheathing the maxillary.
(iill rakei'H moderate; psoudobrancliia> well develojied; opercleH enliic.
Gills 4, a slit bidiind tholburth; ^ill iiieiiibraneH separate, free frum tin
isthmus; dorsal fin continuous or divided, with 10 to 15 rather stron<j;Hpnii'H,
the soft dorsal naked or scaly; anal with 3 spines; ventrals thoracic, tin
rays I, 5, an accessory scale at base; caudal lunate or forked; pector.il liii
with all its rays branched. Intestinal canal (doiigale, with few or many
pyloric cicca. Air bladder usually with 2 ])08terior horns. Vert«tbra' in
ordinary or slightly increased niiiuber, 24 to 28. I'ost-tcmporal of nonniil
percoid form, the stout forks not adnate to the cranium. Herbivomns

* Tlirao charartern in iiareiithesi-H, not in I Ik; oi'if^iual iluticriiitiuii, uru (;ivoii in a Irinr
from Dr. Steindauliniir, dute August It, 1K!>.'>.

fofdrtti tind fivi'rwatiH. - Fixfns of Korlh . inu'n'nt. 1381

!l

^l„,it> iImIu'h, ffiMliiiK liUKoIy on nn-on or «»Ilvo iiltfn'; oliiolly ol* tlm Madi-
t,'i iiiM'iiu StMk aiitl tliii I'lii-ili)' ni'tMtii ; luoHt of tlicm viiluoil im I'mHl. (i«ii-
III jii. M|»«<irH ultoiit 70. (Sparidir, num\,>\ i'aiilhiii-itia and I'iiiuliplfrina,
,.Mhtlu»r, Cat. I'iHhoH, i, n:M3'J; .lU7-l!tl>, 1M5!».)

iMi'M.I.IN.K:

,1 xilt imi't III' <U>i''<i)l »>><l <>»<d III"* iiukctl or jiartly Hnilnl; liriul inoii- or Iciim nnkwl j
li'iitli III bniiiil IiiiiiiIh, III! Irrcly niiivitlilc, inuiit on voiiioi' ; it.vloiicriri'ii very iiiniiDr-
ouit; vcrti'lini' In houh'wIiuI iiirri'iiMtMl niniilM'r I'licillt; Ocean,
h. InrlHoi'M all trlcUNpiil.

r. IturHiil HpiniH It or l.'i; nirlijiiw willi ii HcrirK of llai, iimviililr, IriroMpiil
Ini'lHofH, lit'liinil wlili'h Is II liniml lianil of HJinilar Hiiiallrr oiii'h: ilorHiil

L'UntinilOIIH. ilH Hpilll'H low. (illilsM.A, !))i;i.

i-i*. DorHiil HplncH I'Jor ri; "In IioIIi.juwm HrriiH of Hal, IrlcuHpiil trrlli, lirliliul
wliicli Ih a liiiiiil of Hliiiilai' In'tli, Ixnh lUui'lnpiil uml nplarliiK llio
I'ornivr;" Hofl dorial and iinal i<U<viitiiil. UovuixouuN, .'>04.

Km II"S1M.K:

,((( Scifl parlM of vfrlii'iil llim cloNrly Hcal.v : tei>lli iiioro or Iihh IKcd, iiHiiallv prcHfiit
till voimr; p,vloi'ir ca'tii iiuiiirroiiH.
i/. To]) of liciiil iiH I ir liack iih pimtcrior margin of (\m<m, nakbd; inciitor tcitli nar-
rou,ri|uai, niiin<l*')l; HpiiioiiH lioiMal iiiiicli liiiiKrr tliitn Hofi iloi'ial; Hoft
anal iuKlu'r anil HJiortiT than hoI'I ilorHai. IIkkmh.sii.i.a, 505.

</(/. Top of liuail ax wi'll as hIiIi'h iitnl JawH cioHiily Hialfil; liroad liatiilH of ttu'tli
litdiind the liu'lsorH; villiforin Irtlli on vomer, palatini'^ and ton^jue; dor-
Hal Hpiiii s low : liiclHor ti'et h laiicrojati'.
i: Ini'lHor tedli Hirong, with liori/.onial, batkward pnijuctlng rooti*; Hoft
dui'Haland anal not ninrli clrvati'd.
/. InciHor tui'tli well develupi'd, flaeli with u I'onHpieuoim Imri/.ontal pruc-
088 or root; eaiidal tin moderate, alioiil ns loii^ as the head, the
outer ra.VH not U linu'H an \imti as the middle ra,vs , .liiiicliou of ^lll
inomlininea forniin;; an an^le. Kvi'iinst'H, IiiUI.

/. Incisor teeth Hmall, with incoiiHpiciioiiH roots; caudal niiicli longer
thnn lioud, the loheH falcule, the outer fi tiiiie8 len);th of niiddli)
rays; ^ill iiivmliiaueH not funning an anj^le at junction.

SK( TATOH, 507.
re. InoiHor tooth very narrow, without evident root».

I/. Anul tin short, :i;t in length of body, itn ray8 III, 10; dorsal HplnuH
gradually increasing in height to the sixth, then decreasing
backward; soft dorsal and anal nut falcate; ]irco]ierclu slightly
serrate; teeth narrow l)Ut evidently compressed.

Medialuna, 008.

563. GIRELLA, Gray.

liinWi. (IHAY, IllustrationH of Indian /oology, about 1H40 (jiunctata).

MiliiiiicltthjiK, 'I'KMMi.NrK iV St'iii.EUEi., Kaiiiia Japonica, I'ois&ous, 7,'i, 1H.JU {jinnetatiin).

('Kiiiiirind, Ayres, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1800, 81 (niijricans).

|{(»(lv oblouj^-ovate, compressed, covered with rather large scales.
Mdutli small, with a srries of tricuspid, movable incisors, hehiud which is
a l)i'i)ad hand of similar smaller ones; no molar teeth; uo tt'cth on vomer
Of tonjjuc ; lower pharyuyetil teeth slender. Cheeks with very snuiU scales ;
opercle.s and top of head chietly naked. Gill rakers slender. Dorsal (in
rutlur low, with abont 14 sjiines, on the bases of which the scales extend,
roriiiiiij^ an imperfect sheath ; no groove at base of dorsal ; no procumbent
dorsal spine; anal spines small, graduated; caiida? lunate. Air bladder
divided into 2 posterior horns. Pyloric cieca numerous; intestinal canal

!;.

1383 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

niongate; peritoneum black. Vertebrm ll-j-16 or 17=27 or 28. llcr-
Itivorous. Pacific Ocean. This •renns contains several species fdiuid
OK the east coast of Aula and one cbaracterisiic of the rockj- shortts dC
California. They are luTbivoroiis liKhes, feeding on seaweeds. (Fronitlic
French '"(lirelle," which is a ilerivativo of Julia, and is applied to sniallur
Jiabroids.)

17B0. (aitKI.LA NKiKK'ANS (AyriH).

>

i

lull

(I.' 1

tlif mil
rcniinv

1

I

: union fl
slands.

1

(

■jiiilini /i
; licjue, P

1

l>„,r,

i union J'f

l.^ii

:.i-'!l
,5: '^

k

.'||

■ J"' i

■lb

m

(dUEEN-KISII.)

TFcad I; depth 2|. D. XIV, U; A. Ill, 12; scales rM; vertel.r,,
11+1<' = 27. Hody oval, compressed, with very deep candal poduurlc;
snout thick, its ]n'olile evenly roundctl; mouth small, subiiifcrior, ilir
uiaxillary reacliiuj; nearly to front of orbit; a minute imtch of i>alaiiiif
teeth; oacb jaw with a series of Hat, tricuspid, movable incisors, beliiml
wbid; is a broad band of smaller ones; no teeth on vonier or ton;;iic;
cheekii with very small scales; opercles and top of head naked; preopcn 1(.
minutely ticrrul.atc at its anjfle; preorbital .as broad as eye; gill rakcis
numenms, raihcr long; s« ales firm, weekly ctenoid, those on thorax iind
front of i>ack smaller; dorsal spines lower than soft rays, with an im]iLr-
fect sheath of sciiled at their base; anal spines small, graduated, the sdl't
lays higher than those of the dorsal; caudal lunate; pectorals short .iiid
broad, not reachiu}"; vent; ventrals shor^ air bladder with 2 posterior
h. -r.s; intcdtinal canal very long; pyloric ca'ca numerous; peritouciiin
black. Color duaky green, paler below; fins dusky greenish ; young with
a large yellowish blotch on the back on each side of dorsal. Length alioiit
a foot Coast «)f southern California from Monterey to Cape San hiK as;
abundant in rocky places, the youug a common and active inhabitant of
roi'k pools; a food-fish of fair »iuality. (nigricans, blackish.)

Catuarinn iiinricanx, A vrkw, rroc. Oal. Ac. Sci. 1861, 8], tig. 22, California.

(linila dor»o»iariila,'(ji\.i., I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Tliila. 1802, 244. Cape San Lucas; young.

(Coll. Xniitiis.)
(lirella nijr ricans, JoUDAN &Gilijeut, Syiiopsi.s, 560, 1883; Jordan tFESLEH, 2. c.,.')31, l^!l;i.

564. DOYDIXODON, Valenciennes.
DojiiUxadon, \'Ai,ENf'iE\NK.-', Voyajje <lo la Venus, v, 318, 185."i ifreminvillci).

Dorsal spines 12 or 13. "In each jiiw a series of flat tricus])id tectli,
behind wiiich is a baud of similar teeth, less developed and replacing tiic
former;" soft dorsal and anal elevated, otherwise •m\ in (UrtUa, from wliidi
it is doubtfully separated. Si)ecie8 all American; uot well known. (lU'-o,
two; (5i'cocij, forked; odovs, tooth.)

17(il. DOYIUXODOX FREIIWILLEI, Valanciennes.

D. II!, 15; A. Ill, 12; scales about 60. Color uniform dark green, or
banded with darker. Form, s(iuaiiiation, and dentition as in Girella imiri-
cans (Valenciennes). Galapagos Islands and coast of Peru; known i» ns
I'rom the figure of Vylauciennes, which closely resembles Girella nigriLdim,

II I nil' tillii, ,Ikn

Tlii-^ !;eiiiis

rai<' ;s; in ha

^^ (III the toilgll

lic.'iil not so CO

the eye, chill,

ami loriiis of I

soft (inrsiil, ii

One .species, t'l

cajiit.il city of

was talieii, tl

j'oniiii^iin.)

lieail ;>; depi

I'xiily (i\iite, en

liarely reachiiii,

si'i'ios (if olose-

lii'liiiiil llicm s'l

not evident in t

ctcr (iC tlie eve,

iicaily covering

Icriiir iii.irgiii o

cliiii .111(1 preoj

opciilcs \\itl, ;,

x.iii'd ; ,") lowH (

('!<•; siihoporcle

H.ii, (•()\cre(l nion

"■'nvdcd aiiterioi

"11 (lie eaiKJal.

'"iif,'est, 1! ill hen

timiDiis with the

'Imsal. lliiis ](>;,vi

I''ii1 il ■iM'CMsible i

till' liase (,f the

''"■■•^iil; aiiiil with

times diameter o

H ill liead, not «|

"'■p'li »f caudal

:i ,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1383

1,1,1 tlic number of dorBal siiiiics is fower. (Named for Cbr<<tioii Pinilin
,1,. irDiuiiivillo, an early Froncli naturalist and explorer. )

/)„)/.; iw/on /nmitivillei, Vai.enciknnks, VoynKo A'oniiH, v, 323, \i\. 5, 1855, Galapagos

Islands.
p„,r:iiinl(iii fasciatiim, Kskk \ Stkinkachnkk, Sit/.b. Aknd. Wicii, i.iv, 358, lig. 2,

(., lique, Peru.
l),.,ri""iloii J'iriiiiiivillei, JoKDAN A Fksi.EU, I.e., 5:12, 1893.

565. HERMOSILLA, .1 en kins A. Evcrmann.

//, (//r *'7/i', 'I KNKINS &. KVEUMANN, Proc. V. S. ^fut. Mils. 1888, 144 {Kziin-ii).

'|'lii> mentis i." allied to Kiiphomia, (roin which it dilVers in the weaker gill
liiki s; in having tlu) margin of the pn-operclo entire ; in having no teeth
oil tlir tongue; in tlie H(|namation, the scales on the body ludng larger ;
litMii not so completely scaled ; top of head, snout, preorliilals, spiico below
tlic I VI', diin, and ]>reoj)crcles, naked. It also difl'er.s in the relative sizes
mill Iniiius of the vertical Tins; tlu suinons dorsal is nnuih longer than the
soil iliinsiil, and the soft anal is higher and .shorter than tin; soft dorsal.
One .siiccies, from the I'at'ific Coast of Mexico. (liermosilla, name of the
(■,i])it;il city of Sonora, along the coast of which State the typical species
wiis tiiken, the name derived from Siianish hrrmoso, Iicantifnl; Jiatin,

I7«2. IIKKMOKILLA AZI'llKA, Jenkins >V Evennanii.

liciil :5; depth 2; ey<^ 8^ in head. D. XT, 11; A. Ill, 10; scales ll-.55-t 7,
liiiily (ivate, compressed, head slnnt, snout 3 in head, blunt; maxillary
ii;in'ly HMching front margin of eye, 3;^ in head. Kaeh jaw with a single
snics of close-set, e(|iial, n.irrow, rounded incisors, the villifonn teeth
liiiiiiiil them small or obsolete, not evident in the type; teeth on vomer
mit evident in the type; gill rakers slender, the longest about the diam-
eter of the eye, 3 -f 12; jneopercle entire; preorbital Sj dijimeter of eye,
ueiiily covering the maxillary. Top of hciid as far ))ack as the pos-
leiidi iii;irgin of the eyes, snout, ])reorbitals, a narrow 8pa<e below eye,
(hill Mud preopercles, naked; top of head c(»vereil with pores; pre-
open le'^ with a network of gr )ove8; remaining parts of Inad and liody
Miiidi; ."> rowH of scales on cheek below eye, abont (I Vows on the oper-
(■!e; siibopercle with 1 row; llns, with the exception of the spinous dor-
s;ii, ro\ (led more or less with line scales; scales moderate, ctenoid, not
(lowdcd anteriorly; luloi.il line complete, tracealde but a short distance
(Ml lli( ciindai. Dorsal tin wi'Ji 11 spines, the seventh, which is the
Idiigest, I! ill head; the alternate ones very strong, t\w spinous jjart con-
tinuous with the soft ]»ortion, the last sj)ine not much lower than the soft
ildisal, thus leaving but a slight d(?])ression between the two; the sj)inous
]y.w\ (1 iHCMsible into a groove; base of spinous ]),irt about 1 longer than
tlie li.'isc of the soft ])ortion ; soft anal siiorter and higlnu" than soft
(Ims;!!; ;iiial with 3 spines, short but strong, the second the longest, 1:\
times diameter of eye; caudal forked, upi)er fork the longer; pectoral
li in lieiid, not quite cfiualing the ventrala which begin behind them.
]»('Iitii of caudal peduncle 7 in body; interorbital space 2J in head;

1-I:

1384 /iii/liiin //, United States National Museum.

I I ;

poritnnoriiri lilark. f^olor dark uteol-bliio, p.-ilcr below; body with iii.om
12 i;«.'irJy v«irt,i<;il lilacKJBli crosH baiuU about a.s wide as tho oye; bdnw
oye silvery, wifcli a dark streak from juaxilhiry to UHglo of operelo; (.|ii.i.
• iilar blofcli bJa<k , i bbiok blotcb in the axil; lius mostly dark. Iwd
larger N)iecini<ii.s 11 and Ki inches lon<; eulle»;ted by the yl(fta<nM« a( Sim
Hartholome I5ay, liOVVfT ' 'alil'oi nia, ditter notably in form, and may itos il,|y
helongtoa distinct species. HeadHJ ; (lei)thL'A. 1). XI, 11; A. Ill, 10; s( -ilcs
\S-hh-\1\ snont 3 in head; eye 5; interorbital 21; maxillary I5.< ; loiimst
(b)rsals)iine2.< ; second anal spino II^ ; longest dorsal ray :{; longest an;il lay
2i\ ; pectoril IJ; ventral 1;!; eainial lobe \\. IJody obloug-ovate, lom.
pressed; inad short; nmxillary barely reaching (Vont of eye; oacli.jaw wjili
a^ single sori»'s of ocpial ronnded incisors with small viiliform teeth bcliiini
them; viiliform teeth on vomer; gill rakers as long as the diametii of
pniiil, abc W + IL'. Toj) of head as far back as |»o".terior nnirgin oft yc,
HiKMil, maxi.iary, lower jaw, ))reorl>ital, snborbital ring, and edge of |)n..
opercle, naked; cheeks with (! series of sciiles, '! rows on the opercle; the
(ins covured with lin<^ scales; dorsal with a well-developed shenili df
scales. HpinoHH dorsal the higher; sec<»nil and third aniil spines aliout
e((nal, tin' first rays the longest, (in sharply angnlated in front; venduls
]dace(l well behind ]ie<'torals, their tips not reaihing the vent; ciinilni
emarginato, the lobes abont e(|nal. Color in spirits, slaty above wiMi \l
or i;{ dark crossbars which fade out below ptit^toral; a streak across mux.
illary and preopercle beknv eye, and one across snont throngli eye; liiliy
silvery, lius all dusky, ventrals tipped with black, a black blotch on asil:
edge of ojiorcle black, a conspicin)ns black blotch above angle. Kiidwh
only from these 2 sjxHiimens and the types, 2 spt-cimens S and !1 inches hniM
respectively, from the May of Gmiymas. Length afoot. (rtCH/<!»s, sky-hluf.

Ilei-mogilla azinra, Jenkins \ Kvkiimann, I'roc. I'. S. Na*-. Mas. 1688, 144, Giuiymas
('ryi)P, \(). :iC209. Coll. .I'tikiiirt iV Kvciniiiiin) ; I'^vi'.ii.mann I'i- Jknkins, rrtpc U s,
Nat. Mils. 1891, ir)0, pi. 1, li;j. :i ; .Ioickan .V Fiosi.EU, /. c, 5;i3, IS'.t.T.

ni:

566. KYPHOSUS, La.( jMde.

(Vauivas.)

Ki/plinsrig, Lack.pkdk, lliat. Nat. Poi.ss., ni, 114, ISirj {hijiibliiDi /uncus).

I'initirptfrus, LaikI'I'.dk, Hist. ^I'at. Piiis.s., iv, 4'J'.l, 18():i {IudsiiuI. scrliitrix).

Dorsuariut, LAcr.i'ftnE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 482, IHOIl (itii/rcsccus -fusetin).

Xjltter, Lacki'KDK, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v,484. 1S()3 (/iisrus).

Saleima, liowDlcll, KxcuihIiiii Mailtira. 'JHH. 18'J5 (aiirutn).

> Opltthhtiuii, Gn.i,. Proc. Ac. Nat.Sci. Pliiln. 18r>2, 245 {Uthuid).

l?ody elongate-ovate, regularly elliptical, moilerately compressed: licnl
short, with blunt snout; eye large; mouth snnill, liorizontal; mii\ill;in
barely reaching front of eye; each Jaw with a single series of rather iiin
row obtusely lanceolate incisors, impiaute«l with ci)m])ressed conH|ii(iinii-
roots posteriorly ; behind theseanarrow baud of villifoiui teeth; tim tirtli
on vomer, palatines, and tongue. IJranchiostegals 7; gill ra'<eis loim
Treopercle obsolctely serrate ; preorbital narrow, covering but lif^'cni tin
maxillary. Sijuamation very complete, the space between and iIk m ihi
eyes being the only naked part ; scales smallish, thick, ctenoid, (iO tn '<' m

1

/,/, IV,. 1

1

ir

•<

1 4

s(

^k

■B

H(

fonii

an am

/ l\.vcnna)in , ~ I'lshi's of North .Inn lira. 1.3S5

tin

Litfiiil 1ii'<\ wliicli is CDiitiiiiimis; Mimilar sciihis t'litiroly covcrinjf tlif

sdii inn

|!!i low, W

III'

(Hof tilt' vorliriil liiiH, iiiid <'Xlt!iitlin;^ lip on tlio |»iiir('(l I'ms. Doisul
illi jiboiit 11 Hitiuos. wliicli iir« (loititvssiltlc in a groove of hcjiIcs,
ill (OiitiniiiMiH, but th(^ last Kpincs low, ho tliat a <l»'|in;.s.si()n occurs
liciwccii tin' f '."<• parts of tin; lin. (lui bases of tlio spinous ami soft parts
il„,ut ciiiial; soft dorsal Vii^bcr low in front, not falcate, pointed behind;
;ii,,il >iiiiilar to soft (b)rsal, with 15 s))ineH; caudal fm niodera(el\ forked;
lie, loiiil liiiH small, ventrals well lieliind IIkmii. Intestinal c.-inal loni;.

ilir i';e(

a \crv niiinerons. \'erleln;e !l or H> j- 1.") or 1(1 iT). 'i'l

lis

II 1, I oiitains some 10 Hpe.cies, chidly conliiicd to the l':icific ()ccaii, ami
r llieni loiiml in (he Mast Indies, ('n'l.'io;, a hiini|i, the woi'd nioie
ilv writ l»ni r)//>/i((s, and referriiii; to a dcfornieil s|ieciiiicn with a
buck.)

Ill III .mid M'i.\ liillglinii liiu , ils limui'.-^l rnys :i.^ in I in In Mil. iiiid : iii suit \k\v\

llll'M I
I III 1 CI

iiiiiin

I 111' llii

I. \|,ll; A. Ill I'J: si'iilcH siii:iII,iiImiiiI 85 In liitcnil linc.th

ijiK'k III IT Mt'llcs; Icclll lllllllll III! Ill c .M ll jliu, IIMITIIW. Illr jliw slliirt. I'ojiir
lili^lll Unl.V. lllC «i'l<'H Mtcc) llllIC, Willi li;llir IcMLilllwlMC slrl|HS nl llllljllt Illnll/O

|ii'|illi liimc llliili ). Iciiulli AWMiiiis. I7i;:;.

A Hill II II tiinilci;ili'ly ('lc\ alcil In liniil itiiil i ,il licr .slmrl, lis ni\ m I ! 1 , 1 1, ilw lonjrcst

IMV 1 '; I" - ill III'' llil^<c()^ I lie snll |);iil (il tin lin. 1 ». \ I, 1 1 or IJ. I'cclli :;.") In lU

III ciii'li ,|inv.

/. Iritli ladni mill inv mid ■• iiImi iili iii;i\ ill.iiy .slmrt liMiely rc;ii liiiii; ci. i , ;iIiiimI

'.\\, in lii'iiil.

I-. ScmIcs l.icpilc ijitc, ,11 H,'i Jit: iiii.'il i;i\ > 1 1 I. l:i I 'iiloiiil ion lirJLllil |il iiinlii iiii.s.

wittl niMiiv liiiylil \cllo\\ .si icaU.-' on ;i |iliiiiilioi)ii> ijiroiinil. .M mil li ;iii<l

It'ulli not liiKv (Ic-criliiil.

Sc;ilc.>< .siniillcr, mIioiiI I'J-liV I'd; iiinil iimmIci ali . iln lon;;c.sl ra

l.M iM'i; l/t'l.

\ J.' Ill lic;ill

mill \. Ipii«<> of .soil |im'l of llii ; lioily ilci |i, ihc iliplli '1 in lcii;;tli;
Hlioiil liliinl- .sriilrs on rliiik ill iDHilirs. I olmiil loll dull p.ili' i;r,i\.
1 lie diirls .-^triMlv.-* In oailiT t liMii in />'. k mil n; in a. \. III. 11.

i;i idA.N.s, I7(i.',.

.■■■.•. Scales nillicr lai-;;r, in .'i.'i |fl: ilc|illi '.'■, in lcnj;lli; lirad :■;, ( ■nloraiinn

dil.slyv ;ii'ay, w illi alioiit '_'."i ;;ra.v slicaUs Collnwin'i llic row.s ol',-*! alc>,

those ui'ar iniddli' ol lioily liroadcst ; a ,sil\ cry .s( I'cak aloii;i |mcoi

liilal 1). \ I, 12: A. III. 11. sl.i I \ii;i V ITiili.

'./. I'lilli 111 o.id and I'ouiidcd : nia\ill:iiv ratlin Imi;:. icacliiiiL: opiiosiir |in|iil. :;}■.

in lic:id ; ^<('alcs Slliall. 1- '!- -I: dcpllior liiidv L", in length: Iliad :; ; : |icc

IoimI r: in head. I). M.ll: .\. 111,11. Color il:iik sled liliic. lIu- |ialc

sliipcs olisinrc; .siinicliliics " aiyiii;; to entirely liriulit lemon yellou .

soiueliini i \\illi llie head .\ellm\ or willi yell /\v lilolehes.

].i ri:.s I.N.s. I7<i7.

i;(i;{. KVi'iiosis n.vi.otJis (Oiii)

(S.VI.K.MA.I

111 illi I : deiilh L'j. I ). \ 1 . 1 I ; .\ . 1 1 1 , ll' or i:i ; eye I ', in head; snoiil :!;
iiia\illai'\ '.i};\ pecloral I j, ei|iial lo seiitrals; lonoest- i ay of soft diiis;ii .'{',;
loiincsl dorsal spino L';', : nj)i>er hibe of cindal as loiiii as head; scales
I'l-Tii :.'"; ^ill rakers S-|- l(i. liody eomiiressed, (dliptical; profile in soino
spci inieiis evenly curved from I ip nf snout to dorsal, in otlicis sliolitly
|iriiiliirci| before eyes and concave o\cr snout. Month small, hori/ontal;
jaws ci|iial ; teeth in a siiio|e series, from L'L' to L'''"' iii each Jaw; maxillny
I'xicinliiio- to the vcrticMl from the front ofexc Snout, lower jaw , and
|iiL'orliil,il iiakcil, head clsow lore with scales: IJ ti/ !."> row s of scales on

:i(t:!o — 10

138C nu/liiin /7, United States National Museum.

: i

4

operclo; ncales ou body much crowdcMl anteriorly; all the fins, with iln'
exception of spinous dorsal, cntirt^ly scaled. Tip of pectoral Hhai|)|y
rounded; front of anal not greatly elevated, its longest ray 3 in banc i,(
fin, which is about e(|ual to head; spinous dorsal hi<rhcr than soft dorsal;
upper lobe of caudal the longer. Oolor in life, steel blue, brighter tlian
in ele(jann; with bronze streaks along the edges or rows of scales, niiKib
brighter than in ele(iann; a broader gray atrcalv bordered with bron/e at
base of soft dorsal; a large brassy spot in the axil, extending iilomr
shoulder girdle, a deep bronze stripe through eye, another back Ikpih
angle of nuutth, the two sei»ai"ated by steel blue; (ins all blue black, w ith
some bronze, especially on pectoral. Hody luon- elongate than in ehi/aux:
the form more cllii>tical; the mouth less blunt, with fewer teeth; tlio
scales HuuiUer and more crowded iinteriorly; the tins lower, especially tin-
anal. Largest specimen 18 inches long. I'acilic coast of tropical Anicric a,
(Julf of (Jalifornia to Panama. Here described from Mazatlan specimens.
A beautiful species rather common about Mazatlan, both in the ostiiaiy
and in deep water in the neighborhood of the islands. Its range iiloiiir
the coast is not definitely distinguished from that of l\.elet/an», the iwo
having been recorded as identical by authors wlio had seen but one.
They were first ])ro])erly distinguished by Evermann A .lenkins, who ob-
tained both at Guaymas. The marked difference in color, however, dm, s
not appear in the descriptions of Evermann A .lenkins, which were drawn
from specimens ])roserved in alcohol. Si»ecimen8 examined by us rmm
Guaymas, Cape San Lucas, l^orto Escondido, and Mazatlan. {auahitinx,
analogous, — to Kyphonun ncclatru, but its relations are rather witl:
h'yphosus iiivisor. )

J'imdepterii* an<tl(<(niii, (Jii.i., I'roc. Ac. Xat. Sci. Tliilii. 1S62, 245, Cape- San Lucas. iCull,

XaiitiiH.)
Kiijihiinxia anahiijiig, Kviat.MANN it .Iknkins, rroc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, l.U; Jouda.n >v 1'k>

LKK, I. c, 5:!4, 1893; Jt)UDA\. Proc. Cal. .\c. Sci. ISHf), 4fi5

17«4. KYi'llOSl S I.VCISOU (Cuviir A A'alcndcniios).
(ClIOI'A Amakii.i.a.)
Head :•> in total with caudal; d(j)th 3. D. XI, II; A. Ill, 13; s.ale-,
lO-H."); pores 20; anal a third higher than soft dorsal; caudal liuiati'i
teeth as in K. aectatrix; preoi)ercle scarcely serrate; scales of bac;k iiuicli
smaller than those of sides, as are also those of head, throat, and belly.
Plumbcou.s, with yellow lines marking edges of the scales; besides the
yellow streak across cheek to axil, another below eye ending on opm Ic;
yellow streak before nostrils emphasized by black edgings; tins liluc,
(leeptn- on the soft ])art; base of pectornl with yellow scales. Cuba ( I'ocv)
to Hrazil and the Canary Islands; not seen by us; a large species reach
ing 2.J to 3 feet in length, a larger size than is attained by A', src^i/n/.
Kvidently tlistinct from A';//>/<os«« sevtatrix, with which it is confounihil
by Jordan it Fesler, its relations bei:;g with A', aualogiis. (incisor, aw
that cuts; from th(i teeth.)

.'Salniiia anrata, Bowmen, ExcurHion Madeira, 238, 1825, Bona Vista Island; de.sn iiiimn
and figure very liad. 1). X,17; A. 111,14; body with liglit orange stripes.

I'iindeiitenin iiicinor, Clvikk \- Vai.knciex.nks, lli.st. Nat. I'oisH., vu, 266, lK;il, Brazil
(Coll. Dclahiiide.) (Chii'tniUin incisor. I'aijki.vson MS., about 1765.)

I'imdcittervs jlaviilinentiit, Poev, I'epertorio, :!l'.t. 1806, Havana. (Coll. I'oey.)

k ,1,:

Jordan and Evcrniaun. — Fishes of North America. 1387

i;«5. KVi'ilOKIS i:i,K(iA\S(l'vt('iH).

(ClIOI'A.)

II, all 3ff ; depth 2. 1). XI, 12; A. Ill, 11 ; scales ll-()3-17; oyo I in head;
Hiiout ;H; maxillary 31 ; pectoral li{, equals ventral; longest ray of soft
(joisiilL'i; longest dorsal spine 2A ; longest anal ray 2; niijjer lol)o of (;au<lal
(.(mimIs liead. (Jill rakers (5 -{-15. Uody ovate, compressed; |)rotileronnded,
sli-iiilv jiroduced Ix^fore eyes, concave over snout in some specimens,
stiaigiit in others; a gentle curve from eyes to (lorsal; mouth small, hori-
zontal, the Jaws equal; teeth in a single series, ahout ;K5 in each ,ja\v;
iii;i\illary extending to the vertical from anterior »ulge of orltit; suout,
lowi I jaw, and i)reorhital naked, head everywlicre else scaled; operdcs
wiili >! or !• rows of scales; scales on hody large, somewhat crowded ante-
liorjv ; all the iins, except spinous dorsal, with scales to their edges, those
on ( iiuhil (exceedingly snuill. Tip of jtectoral sharply rounde<l, not rcadi-
iiic 1 1, tii>sof ventrals; ventral spine half as long as soft rays; anal spines
slioit and stout, graduated; anal elevatc^d in front and higher than soft
(loisiil: juiihlle spines of dorsal the K.ngest, ahout equal to highest rays
of soil dorsal; tipper lohe of caudal the longer. Vertebra' !)-f-l*> or
ll)-j-ir». Color grayish black, with paler centers to the scales; about IH
streaks below lateral line; sides with large faint ditVuse yellowish white
Hjiots; a little bluish and yellowish on sides of head; a yellow streak
liclow lower part of eye; no steel blue or bronze in life, tlui c(doration
iiiiicli duller than in A', anahyim. Tacilic Coast of tropical America fr un
(luiiMiias to Miizatlau. Here described from Mazatlan specimens. This
HjiiM ii's is rather common about Mazatlan, especially in the sluggish waters
of till' Astillero. It reaches a length of about 1") inches, (eletjans, ele-
irant. iMit its colors are less bright than usual in this genus, and the body
(k'Olit".'. )

Vimi'U'i'ivnis clegans, I'kters, IJcrliiior Monatalierifhte, 707, 1800, Mazatlan.
Kiii'li'u-^iis ileiiaiin, EvEitMANN & Jenkins, Proc. U. S. Nat. ^Mus. lKi)l. 155; .Iohdan A-- Fes.
i.i;i!, I. c, 5;i5, 189;}; JouuAN, Proc Cat. Ac. Sci. 1895, 4()(>.

17«(S. KYPHOSrS SEl'TATKIX (Liniia im).

(RUDDEB-FISH; HEKML'DA Ciail; Clllll; CUOl'A ISl.ANCA.)

Head 1^ ; depth 21,. I). XI, 12; A. Ill, 11; scales 10-55-18. Veitebra-
It-f-K). Mody ovate, soniewliat compressed; longest dorsal spine ! the
lieiulit of i»ody, rather higher than soft dorsal and nearly e(iual to longest
ray ol anal; teeth 35 to 40 on each side; horizontal i>rocass of tlie teeth
not niiich longer than the vertical ; interorbital s])ace 2,1 in head; tnj* and
sides of iiead lincly scaled; interorbital region gibbous, beh)w whi(th poiut
tlio snout is truiuiate; preopercle weakly serrulate; gill rakers long; soft
(loiH.il and anal very low ; the longest ray of anal 2} in head, longest spii.o
■J|; median dorsal si)ines highest; second anal spine highest; caudal well
forked, the lower lobe longer. Color in life steel gray, very slightly
lilnish. not much ]»aler below; the edges of each row of sc rs on back
;in(l sides slightly brassy, so that very faint yellow" ii stripis alternate
witli Idiiish ones of about equal width; a diffuse ])aie stripe below eye, a
ycllowisii one abov(^ and below this; tins all dull grayish; ventrals and

.M' •

> K

. 1

^-t|::

1388 liulhtin ./7, United States A\itioNal flfiiseuni.

anal Hoiiicwliiit IdiUikisli ; (1(1^0 <»f (iperclr slij-litly (l.irkor. TToro dcscrii cii
(nun Key Wi-st H|)»!ciiiu'UH. West Indies, ranging IVoni Capo (.'od to ilic
West IndirH, crossing tln' (x^oan to tin- Canary I 'and»; accidiiitul in thr
Mndit«nan<'an, onco taken at Palermo by I'rofeBst) I'iotro Doderlein. \,,|
rare oO' our Atlantie eoastH, lieroining ratlier (mmi "m noiithward, <•; ptj
eially at Key West. It lias lonj; Iteen noted, for its habit of (oliow mo
vchhoIh, siipposably Cor tlio waHte I'ood thrown from them, lieiiee eall.il
Kndder-lisli. A lish of considerable ;;anu' i|ualitie:i. lien^lh IN iiiclics.
(feminine of Hatntor, (tne, who follows.)

I'ercii iiiuiinii .siclalrix (Ihi' IJiiildiT-tiMlK. (Jatesmv, NmI. Ilisi. Car. 17:!^, Caroliiiu.
I'eira miltiiri.r, LiNN.Ki's, S.vst. Nat., Kd. x, '2'X\, I'M (iiiispiini, iiicinrrcily topied ikum

C \'i'i:sitv, wlio liillcil it siu-l iti-i.r). Carolina,
Chiftiiilnn ((///(///((fi ('« (linpii.M.siiiict), (IMKI.IN, Synl. Niit., I. 120!), I7S8. iiiiiiic ipii1\ . .n ,,

s|Mriiiirn I'nuii I lie tropical Atlantic. (Coll. riirkiiison, in \'(>ya^r (Japl. I'uul

ilcscrilird liy (MviKU \ V ai.kn<ii;n.ni:h. I.e.. vni, •J(i;t.)
I'iiii<i,i>t,rii.s hotiiiiiii. I,.\ci;im;i)i:, Hist. Nut. I'oi.s.s,. iv, 41!9, IH(t3, South Carolina. ii,,ii

I'lO.SC.)

riiil'li'iiln nn 'ihloiii/ini.CVVW.M \ V.\I,EN(IKNNI>, Ili.st. Nat. I'oi.ss., VII, 2(J4. IH.ll. lix ilih

iiiiUiiown: <li'])tli :! ill lutal l('ii;;>li: 14 liniKitinlinal stnakH.
riiiirli'jiti'nin hiisii ytu-. nii'iila. DoUKia.lil.V, Nat. Sicil., .\iiii. 11, la.s(\ 2, lS8;t, Palermo
I'iiiicli'jitfiiig hi,sci,Cvy\v.\t .t \'Ai,K.S'fiEN.NHs, Hint.. Nat. I'uis.. vii,258, pi. 187, 1H;;1; .Jih.i, ,\

A (;iI.lti:iM, Syiiojjsi.s, 501, 1883.
I'rira tiicliihix, LlNN.Kr.s, Syst. Nat.. I'^d. \il. 48ri, 17t)t>.
('iljihotmii hiisi/iii, .loiMiA.N, Vi(ir. V. S. Nat. Mils. 1884. 128.
Kniihosim scctatrix. Jduda.n \: Kksi.kh, L c, .12,"), 18!K!.

I7«7. KYIMIOSl'S I.IIKSCKNS (.Jonlaii >V (iillicrt)

ilead:{H; dei.tliLM. D.Xl.ll; A. Ill, 11 ; scales 12-t!7-l'L'. Hody olilnim
elli])tical, robust; the dorsal and vcntial outlines moderately and iic,ul\
(■(|Mally :ir(di(Ml; head bluntish; thts ]irolile evenly curved, without di |iri>
sion ill trout of the eye; tiie preorltitiil rei^ioii less j;il»boiis Ibaii in h.^nhi
Irir; mouth terminal, thelower Jaw sliuiitly the shorter, the broad ma.\ill.ii\
loachinij to o])posito the front of the eye, its width aliout e(|ual to tlnii oi
tiie ))reorl)ital ; teeth in both jaws broad, roundeil or siibtruiic;iii , n,
sin.ulo rows, the hori/ontal roots louj;er th;in the crown, but not twice ;l^
loiif^; about HI) teeth in cacli .jaw; behind the lai<re teeth in e.icli Jaw i>,i
b.ind of rasp-like asperities; !;i!] rakers short, about (i-f 1(5; lueopnclr
with its anu'le rounded and mcmbrainiceous. thi' \ertica] limb straight .im!
minutely .serrulate; cheeks with 10 or 11 rows of scales, iiicludiui;- siiiiilln
ones: ))reorl)ital, Jaws, snout, rim of eye, and rounded part of pi-copi rclf
uakc<l, th(i head otherwise rlosely scaly ; scales on body rather small lim
suiocithish. those on ))rcast smaller: liiis. as usual, with the soil |i;iin
covered with small scales; dorsal spines i;illicr hinh and strong, ihi
middle oiu'S lii{;hest, lii<;ber than the soft rays, nearly tvvic(! the heiulii ni
the last spine, and 'J\ in head, H;i in jn;reatest de])th of body; soft (hMsul
rather lii,i;h, not at all fab.ite, the first rays i the leu.nth of the head ; nut
liu similar, shorter and liiyhcr, tlu' spines liriidiuited, the buij^csi ^,l^^
more tiiau '. lenj;tli of lieail ; eaiiil.al wide luoilciatcly forked, tin lnlii>
eijual; the longer as lon,n' or a little lon.^er tluiii head, the de])tli(>i ilu'

lill. I

sll.lll
lljM'I'l

iMlMt'l

Ionian (Did I'.virmatui. — /•'is/us of Xortli .Inuriui. l."»S!>

,1,111 lip l<> lip. iilxiiit <;i|ii;il to •;'i'fiit(«st tlcplli iil' lioily. I'uctoriils
. siiulilly l(iii;irr lliiiii vciili ills, iin 1 1 mi j^ lis I rum hi mi it (u cd;;!' of j> ro-
le. Neutrals pliiccd well itt'liiiul jxMtoiiils, not n-acliiiijj \ iMit. Color-
I in s))iiits, Mfiirlv iiiiifonii li^lit ^rayisli, \viMioiit tlJHliiK^t. iiiaiiviii<;s;
I, \idl()\v in lilV, a( (ordiiijf to liioiitoiiaiit NIcIioIh; very I'uint ilaiUor

tl.fl'iKs I II tiei'iim, A nui>.\s \ (ill.lilCKT. Vruc. I'. S. Nat. Mns. ISSI, L'JIt, Braithwaite
Bay, Socorro Island (Cull. Llriil. Niclmls) ; .louiiAN, IJiill. T. S. Fish (Joiiiin. IHHl, ;i'_'.S.

h'.^us IlitiKi-eiltl, .lllHllA.N, ri'OC. f. S. N.lt. MllM. 1SS5. :i8ll: .Ilv|il)A.N \ I'i'.SI.KIt. I. (-..'Mi.

I'iiiii h I'll I ".v liili'e

B
Kiirl'

567. SECTATOR, Jordan iV Fcslor.

s-rtiilnr, .Imudan \ I'Ksi.i:u, Review Siciroiil l''islies, W.U, ISlKi {neiinnis).

'\'\\\> irciiiis is very clost- to KiiphusiiH, from whicili it diU't rs in its smaller
iiirisor leetli, wiiicli have very inconspiciioiis roots, and by the (leejdy
I'diked (iiiHlai. {scfliifin-, one tliat Collows, a name early apjilied to tlie
iiiddtM-lisli IVoni its (Uistom of followinfjj sliijis.)

ITOS. SKCTATOU OCVI lU'S (J(inl;m A (Jillxsrl).

Head ;;'; depth 2! . I >. XI. l!!; A. Ill, II; scales IL'-7S-1'() , rows). I'.ody
(ilildim rlliplical, Miiicli IcNS ('omi>resse(l and (deva^ted than in rtd.ited spe-
rie--: ImiIIi dorsal .'iiid ventral oiillincs iej;nlarly and nearly e(|iially cnived ;
iioiitil leMioii little <{il)lioiis, tlie drpre.ssion licdow it littlo marked .md
ilii' ^iidut searcrly 'diint; iiiniith small, terminal, the lower jaw sli;;litly
iiuliiilcd ; maxillary not reacliiiij;- front of eye; incisor teeth very small,
M'oiit !iO ill llic upper jaw laiic(»olale, oardi with a very small horizontal
jiroccss. -liorter than the, tooth; In hind them a hand of scarcely evident
;ts|)eiitics; patches of similar asperities on \ omer and ])alatines; eyi' very
l:ii;;( , marly as loii;:' as snout, its diameter nearly ', intcrorhita! width and
i lti):;tli of head; pieo)>er(le produced uiul rounded at an<jle, its niarj;iu

:n

laiK)

liulh'tin 77, ( 'nitai S/a/fs jYalional A/nstum.

•:1

' ' ■ i'

w«^ul<ly Hi'rriiltitr ; ^ill inuiiibriiiioH united Htrai^lit iiuroHH hrtniHt, true troni
tin- istlimiiH. tlitMr lic-r lionltM- umlcr jMiHt«rior part of eye; gill rnl><'r,i
siiiuU iiixl short; ])suiMlo1)r:iii<'iiiii- ))i'«'H*>iit; lioad iiioro c()iii]ilct(dy fl( mIkI
tliaii ill A', mclolri.r; tlio iijiIum! uniiH Niniiltir, hut more rustri<!to<i ; NmlrN
Htriiitrdaiid rn^o^e, i)iitHCiii'C(dy<-ttiii<>id, much smoother tliaii in A', m-rtnin.,-^
Ihosooii inichlh' of sith-s hir^cHt. tlioscoii hreast not iinicli rt-dntod in nI/i.;
Holt dorsal and anal coinitlotuly covrrcd willi scalcH, tho laM'torals ^mil
<^aiidal nearly so; dorsal spinas low, the longest :<i in lM>ad, th<^ hiiHo of i lie
(in nearly (M|1iii1 to thut of thosolt dorsal or the anal; soft dorsal very
low, its last ray lonj;est, its niiddlo rays not ho loiifj as Iho eye; ciMiil;il
(ixtiPinely lon;j, deeply forked, tho 1o1>«h faleate, tlie ii]))>er rays more tlian
4 times the leM<;th of the niiddlo rays tiiid equal to the greatest depth
of the liody ; aniil loii^ and low, its liase greater than length of liead. its
las) ray longest, its middle rays shorter tlian eye; anal s]»iiies Hiiiall, j;i:iilii-
ated; ventrals short, well hehind ])eitoralN, nearly A lenj;tli of head, mil
reaehiiig halfway to front of anal; jiectoials Hhnrt, a little more tlmn
\ head. Color in life: Baek and sides above light olive-brown, beeoininir
yellowish-olive b(dow ; belly and lower i>art of sides wliite; each side
of baik with a very distiin-t dark-blno stripe, eomiiienciug a little in fiont
of origin of dorsal and rnnning to ujiiior lobe of caudal fin, gradii:illy
increasing in width backward to caudal peduncle, along which it is .sik).
deiily narrowed; a Hiiiall blue spot on median line between the orliits. ;i
broad blue stripe from snout through eye to 8uprascai»ula; a second (inni
siumt through lower margin of orbit to opercle, where it is abrM|itl\
expanded; lores golden, abroad golden stripe Itehind angle of moufii. ni>i
reaehing ])reopercular margin ; abroad dark-bine stripe from above li;is(\
of i)ectoral8 straight to base of median caudal rays; below this is a nm
rower golden stripe; lower ]»art of sides with indistinct longitudin.il
brownish streaks along the luargius of the series of scales; vertical lins
golden yellow, caudal narrowly margined with black; pectorals bidwii
within, the outer side silvery witli yidlow tinge; ventrals yellow <ui iimci-
margiuH, silvery on the outer; roof of month and tongue bright wliitc
Panama; known <»nly from the original types, (f.'wi's, swift; uvpa. \:\'\\.)

I'iiiieli'jiteiiis m'liiiniii, Jouiian i^- (ill.liKlil, Hull. I'. .S. KIhIi (Joiimii. 1881, 327, :i28, Buy of

Panama. ('I'.vpc No. 2!);!!(.'i, I'. .S. N. M. Coll. ('. II. (Jilbcrt.)
Ji';iI)lwKuii oriniriit, .I(iui>.\N. I'roc. I'.S. Nat. Mas. IHHf), .'180; .Iohdan .V Kksi.ku, I.e.. rp:;ii.

. i

568. MEDIALUNA, .Jordan A Fesler.

(.Mi;i>i.\i,iiNAs.)

MetUalinia. .TonDAN & Fksi.kk, Ifoviow Spiiroid Fislios, oM, 1893 (fali/uniieiisi.t).

IJody ovate-tdliptieal, covered with small, firm, ctenoid scales, which
also cover the membraiiep of tho soft i)arts ()f the vorti<'al lins; jiKniih
small, terminal, horizontal; th(^ maxillary narrow, slipping under the
edg(^ of tlu! rather narrow preorbital ; sides, to|» of head, and Jaws closdv
scaled; i>i'i"operc1e minutely creuulate at angle;, jaws with broad IpmikIs
of slender teeth, those in the outer scuics incisor-like, compressed, iiiii
row, and lanceolate in fnriir, the outer surface transversely convex, the

'■> 1 ;

Jordan and Evcrwann. — /"is/iis of North .hnrr/Va. I'tOl

intHT coiipavo; iho other t«»otli of tli«> jaws Hiiiiiliir. but uruw |)i(ii,'rfHM-
i\< Iv Hiii;'llur bjickwiiKl towanl tli» iiiHitlu of t\ui iiuxitli ; incisoiH without
('iiii.s|iicnoiiH I'ootH buliiiid; all tho touth Noiiiuwhat moviihlu, an in (lireUn;
111) iiiolar tooth; voiiior, puhitiiioH. and ton^juc witli patclios of iniimto
viliitorin toctli ; K'H I'uUors hIoikIoi-, riitlMT lou^; (Ioi-hhI spines low, in n
•.Iii.'lit uT'iDve, uhoiit 10 in ninnbnr. gradually increusin;; in height to tho
sixili. Mien docroaHin};; soft part of tho tin oloii^atc, nimh luii^or than thu
MiiiiHiiis part, not falcate, tho lonj^est ray ;i base of tho Hoft-iayed ])art of
liii, llir fin pointed behind; anal eoinparatively Hhorl, it.s iiase 'A'l in body,
its iiivH III. l!>; anal apinoH small, );ra<lnated, the Hoft rays niinierouH;
riiinlai Innate; scales thinnish, adherent, with smaller ones intermi\"d;
iiylorii' cnca extremely numerous; air bladder small ; bran<hioHtejfals 7,
TliiH ^cnuH contains a single species which belonys to the Californian
finma. Its nearest relative seems to be the Australian j^eiiiis AhipichthiiH,
(iiiiitiicr, which has a did'orent tin formula (I). XI, 1."); A. Ill, ir»), and tho
niiilill)' dorsal spines much lonj^or, about \ of head. These (ishes siiow
sdiiii' analogies to the Chtttodonlidn' in form and dentition and in tho
HCiiiinijr of the lius. The osteology is, however, nnnh as in KmihosiiH and
dirrlht, and is essentially I'ercoid. The post-temjioral is short and thick,
nut aiH'liyloscMl in the skull. (Spanish inediiilinui — half moon, the vernacu-
l;ir iiaiiic (d' the typical sptM'ies in California.)

i;<tl». NKIUALUNA < AlilFOIt.MKNSiS (St<in<lu< Iiih i).

(MttDIAI.UNA; IIAI.K MuoN.)

Head 3;i; depth 2}; eye small, .■"> in head, H in snout. D. IX-T. 22; A.
Ill, I'.i; scales 9-.')S-12. Hody ovato-ellii»tical, its outlines refjfiilar; head
liluntish, rounded, tho profile strongly convex; maxillary narrow, not
rciicliin.u, front of eye; preorbital narrow; mouth small, terminal, hori-
/iint;d: Jaws with broad hands of slender tiuith, the outer compresse<I,
iiiniiwly lanceolate, without evident roots beiiind; outer teeth similar,
j;i()\viii;if smaller backward, all somewhat movable; vomer, jialatincs, iiiul
tonuiie with patches of minute teeth; f-ill rakers HJendor, rather ioi\«r,
iibout 0+17; preoperclc entire. Dorsal spines low, the middle spines
liii,'iicst. scarcely longer than eye; soft dorsal low, not idevated in fnmt,
little higher than spines ; anal low ; ciiudal lunate, the uppt-r lob(! slij^htly
l(iiii;<M ; ))ectorals short and n.irrow; ventrals rather small; scales tliin-
iiisli, adln'rent, with smaller ones intermixed; sides, top of head, and jav/s
(IomIv scaled. Color blackish, with steely luster; jtalor, anfl often mottled
lii'low; sides with faint obli(|U(^ vertical lines of si)ots; tins blackish.
Coast of southern California, from Point Conception southward to Ccrros
Isiiuid. I'his handsonu3 fish is abunda.it on the rocky coasts of southern
California. It reaches a length of about a foot, and is a food-fish of giuid
(|Uiility.

.sVi.i/Mv ciili/iirnidiisi.s, Stkindacunkk, Iclitli. Kcitr., ill, 10, 187"), San Diego; .Ioudan .v

ilii.HKiir, Synopsis, .WJ, 1881!, and rlsowln're.
l'ii:.insn,ii<t cdli/ornien.w, JoitOAN, ("at. Ki.sli. X. A., 92, 1885.
M'lliiihuitt laU/oniieiisiii, Jordan \- Kesf.eu, l.r . f):)", 189:!.

||::f

i;]02 n 1(11(1 in /7, I ',iH('(f Sfatts A\ilional Museum .

'I:!'

M;l' %i

I'liiiiilv CI.V. scl.KMh.K.

('I'lIK ('l!<>.\Ki;|{H, )

Muily ('iiiii|)i'Mssi>(l, iiioi't' oi less iluiii^iili', covitrotl witli ratliri' tliili siiili '.
wliirli :mi> iisiiallv iiioir or Irss rtcnoitl. I.att'iiil litir rotitiniioiis, iisii.illv
IlloK' (II less rolHiiricllt witll Mir l);it'U, i^xttMiillli;; (ill (-tlildill Dll. Ilciiil
liroiniiii'iit, cn\«M'f<l vvilli kcjiIos; Ikiih's til' tlit- nIvIiII ciivci ikhis, tlif^ iiiin il-
nidiis HV/(l«!iii liiif|il\ (I»'V(I(i|i(m1, (lie Hiiilacc (iC tlic skull, wIhmi Hu; llfsii is
I'lMiKivcd, very iiii(u««ii. Siilidrliital Imuk^h \vitli<iiit a luickuuKl pKiicctiiii;
"-^tiiv." Chill iisii.'illy with pores, .Hdiiictiiiics with harhcls. Moiitii small
(ir lainc I III' teeth ill (iiie or more scries, (he outer ot" w hidi are soiuetiiiic-;
eiilar;;;((l : iiiiiiiies olteii |ireH('iil. No iiieisoi nor molar teeth ; no leetli dii
voniei. |>alatiiies, iiteiyuoids. imr tonyiie Maxillary without Hii|iplemeni;ii
ImiHN ^lippiiiu iiinler the free e(lj,'() of lh») pi oorbifal, uhieli is iisimHv
liroad. rremaxillaries protiactih', lint not. v««ry freely iiio\ aide. XostiiLs
donlile. l's«Midoiiraiiehia' usually hir;;c. present in iiiosf of the neiicr;!.
dills I, a slit liidiind fourth, (iill rakers presunl. ltranehost<M;als 7
(■ill meiiihranes separate, free from tlit^ istlmiiis. Lower |iliar\ n;;c,ils
separat« or united, often enlarged, ihc teeth coiiie. or molar. I'reo)

■rrate or not. ()jierele iisnally eiidin;;' in

tiat

poinl.-

Dor.'

lelcic
1 1 III!

deeply ijotehed or divided info 2 lins, tli(( soft dorsal liein;; the ioiiu'i.

the spines depressilde into a nioKMir !«)ss perfect ;;r(iove

na

I till u III

ir li Hpiiies, never more tli.m 2. N'enlr.il tins thoiaeie, I, ."•, liel(

xdiind iietdoral

rei'toral fiiiH normal, ('audal tin iisii.illv iiof fori

\ii-

luM

I'.ar liones or otolitlis \'eiy liiry»\ I'yioi'ie ca'ca nsiially rallier few,
lda(l(h'i' usually larj^e and (•oinpliciit('(l i w iint in;;' in .\frntiriirluis). .\
of the species make a peculiar noise, calhal variously croakin;;', jii'iiiiiin:.
driiimniny, ;ind snoriiii;; tliis sound i.s supposed to he caused liy Ion in-
the air from the air hl.idder iiitoonoof thu lateral horns. .\ii imporiiini
faiiiil,\ of I!() ^jeiiera .ind IfiO H]iccies, found on saiid.N shores in all waini
seas, a few sp(!(Mc.s heiiijj eontined to fresh waters. None occiii'n in i|. i |i
water and none anion;; rocks. Mjiiiy of them r(!acli a l.'irno size, mil
m^arly all are valued for food. All arti carnistiroiis and some an; of inii i
est as ;fanie lislufs. ' {Sc'ni iiida , (iiinther, Cat. l''islies, ii, I'll.")- !!18. )

We lie;;in our sorios of Sriiniidii with the ;j;onu8 ScriplinH, which is in i
ha])s most ]niniitiv(! of the (^xistin;;' ^jenera, and we close it with /'.'(/"is
which stands at the ojijiosite extronn^ from Siriiilnm, In jiassin^^ down ihr
scries from \rhris and (hloiitoHcioii, the most (>ti)lilliiii]\ki' of the Scinii'niii.
to Siiiiiin, Mii^lii irrhiis, Ei/m's, and iho other extronic forms, we liiid im
\ ory sharp lino of division. The middle lim% if we may so sptsik, Mr-
liotween lUiirdic.Un cln-ii.tnh iicd and Oiiliiosi'ioii xcirrii^. two species ic,ill\
closely allied to each otlier.

The SchiniiKi constitute an irrou;uhirly ^jfradnatod series, the chara

Chi-

cliauiiin;;- hy small and often scjii'((dy ]icrce)itilih^ uradatioiis from Ih
forms allied to ('jiiioHcifiu on the one hand to those approacliin;;' Kiiiii>

(III

the other.

' A I'cvifU (if llii' Si-iifniilif 111' AiUfrirM .iiiil l'".mii])i' 1i:im liirii |pidilislii(l li\ .liinl.iii A
Ki^'fUiuaiiu. JIi'iiiiil r. .S. V'm\\ Cinniii. lur lH8(i (IsSil), :!4:i lUi, pis. l-l.

Nil! Iiili^c
;|i|ii|it< (1 h\

i ^;ii'iipi, ' "
iiii.il iiiiiie.
lili'iliilc ill I
til .i.ihiiiiiM, a
iniiii\ of the

'.I'll Im« jilaci

lltii r^illllom

till' liiwcr ,ia\
lie liiiilil h lio
lirilr^ ill \ illi
ill tlii'iil\ . I

v|ii|>. lait I III

L;l;lii,lliol|S (if

iiiiii'li more n

>|irill'- ilxsoi'il

\-. \\ e iiroi'C

' irrliii^. t he fii

on till' Miiiii t ;

lllr ^llol|| allo\
mil 'iiiispieiio
I'ppi I Jaw has
iiiiiiiili lici (imc.>
^li iilirirrliiis, 1 1
iiiiiii' .iiid more

|iiil'i'S nil the (.

Iiiiiii 1' 1(1 ."•; th(
|s ;iiii| lr>s acute ;
i;ikiM>, shorter,
tlicr liii'ward, ai
'I iili's, ,'is ,'i nih
tJM'ii iliicci ion.
:ilili' ill lla\ (tr, :i
tris liii'litliined ;
Mi soiiii' Sriiiiiiil
Miiin'4 specinieii:
ivi'.iNci' or cx'cn I

'M.il.iniiv.K:

I \rMrl,|-|. 11 ,,!• I,-,
llliirt! vcrlrlii
li'iM : liiilly III

|iivii|ii.ri !(• \vi
"!■ >lil.s: nil i
i"iiL;; iiiiiil lii:

II l-^ I Hol't IMV ;

'' \ii^il Mil l()n;,',ol

lins iiKii'c III'

''■ I'l't'lli snia

i'aiiiiic,>.

It

It:
■ Ii

[o)dii)i niiif h.vt'niutHU. -Fishes of j\'ort/i . Initn'at. \',VX\

Niilliiii«<'i>

il<l Im« iiioio tiiiniitiiriil or iiinii' iiH'OVrtiM' tliiiii Oir hiiImIIv iNJon

;|i|i>|'

l. (I lis Cm hi', \N liiTfliv \\\v Si'ii\ iiliiii wiiliiiiit hnrlH'lH arc <li\ iilcd into

;|(ill|M. ' olvilKI,

.liifniillx. ■M\i\ >' »(l «((. M)li-|\ DM (llO ><tri'II^'lll of tll*< srcolltl

il >|>lll

Tliit* i« lui'iif ill f'lirriiui, vit\ |f«(l»l« in Srhiun, uimI inter

iiifi

li lie ill .loliiiiiin. I iiiiitlmi's iiiraii;;<'iiMiit. liy \vhi«ili f lio s|i<tii'M irliTrfil
:.,ln,iiiH, iiro (li\ iili li Imi|\v»'iii t i»iih<i iiiul Sri, run, is no iM'tti-r, us vjtv
i,,;ni\ iiT till) H|M-ri«>H liiivo this spinr iirilii«>r hti'^<< nor sniii 1 1 , iiiiil i-oiilil its
u'll III' |il:ii r<l in till' Olio y;roii|i :i-. Ilir ntinr, Ulirlvrr <li\ iiii's this yroiij)
lit 1 1 I'-i iiiloxi ill nil, ^|ii'riis \s it II till' iiiiuil II iil)lii|iif :in(l llir J.'iwm .siiliii|iijil,
;|i,. luw IT Jaw witii I lie ti'<>( Il ol' I lir iiiiirr I'liw i iila!'^;nl, ami .luliuins w il li
ill, iiHiiil II liori/.ontal ami llir low if. jaw i tie 1 1 Mini. Hut ifctii oflln- low it Jaw
ImJii.; in villiroi'iii Itainls, I'IiIh ai ian<;t'ni*'Mt is lii-ttiT than tin- nthi'i' oiil.v
ill i|ii'iir\ , I ill' cliaiartri's rlioM-n ari'ol' inoii' vahn' aH intliialin^r iclal ion-
,|ii|i. liiit thi'V <'an not 1m> a|»|>li«Ml in itrurlico, as tlioro an- iiitoiinnliatt'
Hrmiilions of all sorts. Tho tv|ii' of I'scinliiiiriiiiKi (Siinmi a<iiiilii) is in fart
iiiiH II inoi'i' iicarl.v I'i'latiMl to tlit^ ^v)it> *>f ■loliuiim than to iiionI of tint
,|Mi n-- a'-'-oiiati'il with in in I'xiiiditnvidii,!.

\> w 1- |ir(irc('(l aloiiji Ihi' srrirs ol' Srin iiiim from lariiiinn towiiMl Mtnli-
lirrhii-'. tin- following' rlianni's ai'r Molalili-: In tJn- /.iirinnis tvpn llir |>orrs
1,11 till xiioiit art) small and Irw , ami tlirir arc no ilistimt slits or IoIk-n on
ill! -iiiiiit above tin- n|i|M'r .jaw; in tlir oIImt tvjM' tlio port's licronio lar^i'

.1

llS|lM'U01

IS, t to II ill niini'icr, ami the thirUint'd HiionI alioMllic

1,1 jaw has two slits on racli side, lionmlin:' two dermal lolies. The
iiiiiller. narrower, more hori/oiital as w t^ iiiiieeed towtiid

liiiiulli liei (Hill's s

\l,itH' irrlnix, the lower jaw slioiler. and the hands of teeth in Imtli Jaws
iiiiiii' and more liroad, those in the lowt-r more deiidedly vilJiform; the
piiK's nil the chin liei'imie lar^ei' and more numerous, the iiiiiiilier risiii;;
iiiiiii 1' lo .". ; the lower iih.irviiiicals lieeiMiie laii^er, and their teeth larger
mill li>-i ai'Ule: the ineorliital hecomes wider and more ;;il>lioiis, the '_;ill
i;il\i'i-. shorter, fewer, and more like liilien les; the anal fin is jdaeed far
tlici Imward, and the s|>iiii'S of the liiis ;;eMerallN are less slender; the
m;iIis, as a rule, heeoiiie roiiir|ier and the rows of scales less rej>nlar in
tlii'i: iliiection. The llesh, as a rule, hcconn'S (iriiMM-. coarser, less aj;rec-
ililf in llavor, and of less value as food; lint this, like some other charac-
ti'is iiii'MtioMcd aliove, is siilijeet to inneh variation. It may he noted that
11 siiiiH' Scimiiilir the middle rays of tiic caudal ;ire more produced in
\iiiin.; specimens. In some, ;ilso, the serrations on the ineopercle liecinne
wcikii iir even olisolele with aj;e. {Siin niila , (iiinther, ('at., II, L'Im :il,S. i

'ii'ii.innN.K:

I \ ,1 1, liiii- 1 1 111' l.'i 1(1 (ir 1 1, llic .iliciiiiuiiiiil )ii>i'tii>iiol' till' spinal ml mini lui\ iiij; always

!Miir<^ vcrti'lii'ir lliMii till' I aiiilal poll inn, t he iiniil tin liciii}; piisli-rior in ils ins>-r

liciii: liiiily IIIIIII' cir los ildniiMli-. llic niiiiilli lar^ic llic lower jaw iiiojiilin^, llm

ln'iMipcrrlc Willi a cicnulali'. iiiciiilininaci'inis lioniir; snout uitlioiit ilisiimi poiiM

I'V >\\tA: no lial'lit'ls; piiorliil.il ii:nrou ; liill rakiis MJcnilir, iiioilcralc. or imIIici

liiic^; iiiial liu with I or 'J \ ir\ wcnk >|iiiics, tin- sccoml closely connci icil u il li Ui,-

lii-il soft ra\ ; scales small, smootliisli.

I A Mill liii lonj;, of 1.') to 111 soft rays, its liaiutli more I lain half tliat of soli dorsal : ilorsiil

lliis moi'c or less sciiaraliil ; soil ilorsal ami anal liiis closely sialcil.

''. I'lclli small, sliarji. siilii'i{ iial. iiiiisciial liitlow, in a narrow luinil alio\c: no

caniiu's: anal anil suit ilorsal willi 2iMo 'J'J riivs cacli. llic foriiicr liiil iilllc

^,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0 !f i^ 1^

I.I

1.25

1^12,2

■ 2.2
^ i^ 12.0

Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporalion

<v

iV

<^

4^

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SS0

(716) 872-4503

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kk^

6^

1394

nnlldin ^7, United States National Museum.

;;ii

m

m

\s-- \ :

I' ' '
liii' '

ill

shorter than the latter; dorial fins well separated ; Ixuly compressed ; stiili.s

large, ctenoid; lat«ral line Htraight; gill rakerH long and slender; caudal

fln lunate. Sekii'IIUs, :m.

Iih. Tt^eth larger, very unequal ; tip of upper Jaw with ouo or two strong caiiint's ;

enlargeil teetli or caninoH on sidt-sol' lower, jaw: anal fin J shorter than soii

dorsal, with 15 to 18 soft riiyH; dornal tins well Hcparat'ul, f he IntiTsimci'

ahouteiiiial to eye; soft dorsal of 24 ''ays ; bodj* ('oinprcssed ; ai Irs latlnj'

small, cycloid. Isoriwiiii's. .')7(i.

no. Anal (In moderate, or short, of 7 to III soft rays, its length less tlian } thatof hccoimI

dorsal; dorsal tins contiguoiis; hitoral line arclicd in front.

e. Canine teeth, if present, not Uince-slia|i<'d, lii|)crii<g from base to tip.

il. Lower jaw without canines at its tip, some of its lateral teeth soiiictiiiie>

enhirged ; tip of upper .jaw usually with canines.

«'. Alouth very oblique, tlni lowei Jaw little, projecting, the angle at 1);im

of niandilde very ])rominent; body cora]ires8ed, Ht'ccoNK, .'jTI.

ft. Moiitli littlo oblique, the lower Jaw projecting; at tip; anj^lo at Ikisc

of mandible little prominent ; body subfusifonn. CvxtisciON, .■>7i;

ve. Canine teeth l.inc(!-sha]>ed, widened toward the tip, then abruptly i)oiiite(l;

(canines of front of preniaxillury largest ; al)out 2 canines on front of low er

jaw on each side; outer teeth of upper Jaw enlarged, somewhat Iiuk • -

shaped ; outer teeth of lov.-er jaw conii)roa8ed ; Jiir bladder with 2 liornliKi'

processes; gill rakers moderate, slender; soft dorsal and anal lin scaly.

SAC.ENICHTIIYS, ;'i7:i.

1 1. N'ertebrie 9 to 12 -:- 13 to 20, typicnlly 10 |- 14, the nunilter in the abdominal part of I li.-
body being always less than in the caudal part; dorsal tins contiguous, the suit
dorsal being long, much longer than th•^ anal.
/. Dorsal spines well separated, the fir.stdor.sal spine attached to the third or fourth ini( r
neunil, not more than 2 of the spino-be.'iring intorneurals being placed between i lir
same pair of vertebra' ; soft rays of dorsal fin n.sually 17 to 32 (37 to 40 in LoncliiuruK.
45 to 50 in Sniivnoides) ; occipital crest not greatly elevated.

<j. Lower pharyngeals separate.
/(. Lower jaw without barbels.

t. Caudal tin moderately scaly, its distal portion usually more or less nalicd,
the scales not uuuierous enough to give a thickened appearance to the tin.
j. Teeth well developed, permanent in both jaws.

*•. Lower pharyngeals rather narrow, their teeth conic and mostly

sharp, none of them molar; outer teeth of upper Jaw more or

leas enlarged.

l." Gill rakers comi)aratively long and slender; mouth more or

less oblique; anal tin usually (but not always) iiLseriid

l)o«teriorly ; preox'bltal usually narrow, flat; edgeof siiijuI

above upper Jaw with the pores and slits little conspiciunis

or obsolete.

»/i. Skull exces8i\ely cavernous, soft <ind spongy to I In

touch, the interorbital space very broad ; eye vny

small; mouth large, oblique; prcopercle with a hriiad

nismbranaceons border, which is striated and friii licd :

scales small; spinous dors.il short and weak; Miial

spines wei k ; caudal lin pointed.

n. Pseudobranchiar present; teeth subequal, all villi

form, in narrow bands; soft dorsal long, of :;o

to 35 rays; anal fln rather long; soft dorsal and

anal sc.ily; lower Jaw projecting; vertclinc

10 1 14; ;rill rakers long and slender; air bladder

with two horns. Nebuis. .'174.

*This character like many others passes away by degrees, leaving no sharp division
between 2 and U.

lit

Jordan and Rvernmnn. — Fishes of North America. 1395

m»». Skull firm, nut cxceHHivoly cavrruouH, iuterorbital
8]>i'c<UeHH broad : preorbltal not turgid; soft dorsal
of iesH timn 30 rayx.
0. Sciiles of the luterul linp coimiderabiy eiilargiMl,
aimiiBt entirely concoale'.i by Hniallor ont'H;
anal tin tiniail, inserted well forward its (irat
Hpino natmlly as near ventrals as caudal ; can
dal tin ]uiinted, its iiediincle long and slender;
soft dorsal and anal m'aly : scab's small ; pro-
oiiureic witboiit bony scrni'; pseudobranebia'
small, often obsolete on one side. (Fliiviatilo
sj)ecies.) I'l.AdlDSCloN, .'>7,'i.

00. 8eab!S of tin; lateral line similar to the ot liers, not
concealed by smaller ones; anal tin inserted
more or less posteriorly, tirsl spine usually
nearer caudal than vcntrals : caudal pedunclu
ratliersli ^rt; pseudobrancdiiic well developed.
;». Head not very broad, the interorbital 8i)ace
notnotably sjiongy nor deeply cavernous,
f/. I'reopercle with its li.embranaceous
edge entire, creniilattf or ciliate,
with no bony teeth ; teeth in lower
.jaw in few series.
r. Teeth very small, equal, nnisitrial
or very nearly so; snout very
short; cleft of mouth oblique or
oven vertical, the lower jaw
projecting. LAunirs. .")76.

>T. Teeth larger, moie or less un-
equal, those of the lower jaw
in one or two series or in
bands; cleft of moutb not ver-
tical.
s. I'pper jaw witli some of the
teeth enlarged, forming
canines; some canines in
lower .jaw ; lower jaw
l)rojecting.

OiJONTo.scioN, 577.
St. TJpi>er jaw with a narrow
band of teeth, those of
the outtT row more or
les8(Uilarged; no distinct
canines. CoKVULA, 578.
77. rrcopercle with its bony margin arm-
ed with sharp teeth or serra'.
t. F'reoperclo with its lowermost
spiny directed abruptly down-
ward; softdors;.^ and anal tin
moderat«!ly scaly.
H. Lower .jaw with a few slen-
der canines; sec •ml anal
spine very small.

ELATTARfllUS, 579.

WH. Lower jaw withoiitcanines;
second anal s|)ine mod-
erate or large.

Bairuiella, 580.

; I

■I'H-

'«

\%

l.'»>0 nu/lrtin /7, rnift'd Sfafrs Xaiional .^rusnoH.

m

Jill. Ilriiil vcrv liroiul iiliov i'. tin' iiiliM'iirlm.il

Hpiirt' llaltisli, I'Mi'MHiv fiv I'livoii ^

tliK st'plii I'rtliiD'il to tliiii |iiirl itioii'<
Niill ildi'Hiil mill :iiial liii iisiimIIv ilinsi h
Mi'^ily: siriiliil H|iilir iiC iliil'siil ilMii.ilh
tliirkriinl. S I'Kl.l.ll Kli Tp-I

II. ( I ill MiKr's riiiii|iiinil ivrly Hlioi't ami IlilrU, ll^4llllllv iml lim-ir
than ]ii»it<'i'ii>i' iKt.iti'll; anal I'm iiisritril lail lirr t'urw ;iii|
siiiiiil aliiiM' liiwi'i' jaw with hir;;i- |ioi'i'h. anil aIiIi In
nniri' nr Irss ilirililirl slitn on its iil^i', thrst' somiiI in.i .
iiltsolctr : )in'iirl>lt:il iniiri' nr Ii'hs liroail : iiiuuth iiinii <>r
li'HH iiil'i'iior.
V. l*ri'i)|u'i'(Mi' witli itH liiiii\ niai';;in ainifil with strnn:^ |Mr

sisti'nl s|iiii<'8

I hii

lint ilma|ii>i'ai' \\ it

ilal tin not liiiiatt>. tli<> niiilillr ra,\s lonnrr than ih.

lilWI T. Ol'UKlM liN, :.-.'

rriolificln with its liony margin srrratc- in the vouiiu
liccnniin;; I'litirr with a;:<': ranilal tin trnnrat;' or In
natt'. the niitliili' ravs not loni;rst : slits anil iioirs n

iilipt'i'.jaws wi'U ili\rlii]M'il.

MI.V.M)!'.'

VI-I-. I'l'i'iiprrrl.' without liony srrratiin.s, its nii'mlniinaciiiii.

t'lljif rill irr or riTiiate, or ('rin}:<'(l : mIHh and jioi i . (,i

ii|i|M r.jiiw wril (1('\ I'lopi'il. Sri.V.N \, :.-:|

kk. laiurr iiharviinials vt'iy liioail. willi coarst' hliiiil niolar triil,

ti'ctli in hot li. jaws siiliri|iial. in Inoail hanils: iiroopcMrh- wilh iis

lioiiy iiiai'uin coarsi'ly si'irair; lowiT.jaw inclnilril: siioiil wnn

piircs anil slits as in Srlnnii : L;i|l raUrrs rat liri' short anil shmiiM

KuM'AlPoi:, :,>,,

//. Teeth viTV sinall, siil)i'i|iial, those in the lower jaw wanting; or ileiiiln

oils: lower pharyngeals rather hi'oail, with jiavril teeth, iiiiiiith

small, interior; snout as in Siunini: jireopirele entire; aii;il lin

lonu, with ahoiil IJ soft rays; uill I'aKei-s shortish, rather sh inli i

1-KtiisfOMl s, ,",m;
/(/(. Lower, jaw with one or niore harliels, either ;it t ho symphysis or on the i;iii,i:
snout with slits anil pores as in Si-lanm : lower jaw inelniled; preorlninl
liro;nl; lower leeth in \ illil'orm banils; ,i;ill rakers more or less short.
(c. I'seiiiliihraneliia' well ileveli>])e(l ; pi'i'tonil lin not '.'lon.i;att'.

.r. Lower jaw with sleiiiler harliels, usually several in niiinlier.

.*/. I'.aihels mostly in atiil't at the symphysis of lower j.iw ; iiumiiIi
very small, interior; ;;ill rakers minute, thiekisli; iliii-.,il
spines X or X I ; jireoiierile sharply Itiit tinely serrate: |ui
oihital tiirjiiil anil eiivernons. more or less transluiiin
1 ;niilal tin rhomliii'. (I'Miniatile species.) I'.M'ilYl'or.s. ,'i«T.
jlil. I!ai liels ehietly lateral, alonj; the I'aiiii of tlie lower jaw . iism;iI1\
noiio at the symphysis; lower pharynueals inirrow, wiiii
sharp teeth.
J. I'l'eoperele without hony serra'; dorsal sjiines \ I \' : :ill

raixtrs short, 'mt rather .sleiidei

(iKNVONKMV'S

l'reo)nr<le with its bony marjiin armed w ith stronji I.
dorsal s]iines X or \I ; ulll ivikers short, tliirkish

.MlCHOI'DlidN. .'.-ii

.rr. Lower. jaw with .'i sinjilt, thiekisli harhel at its lip.

II . Air Ulailder larne: anal spines "J; haek more or less ele\,ili
preoperile with its hony maiiiin ironate or serrate. |ii
torals short, shorter than ventrals. (Kree swimim

species.)

I'muKINA. .".'.I".

lioily oliloiio
simIis. Ilodd

e\f: sliullt bin

small, slijirp,
hiaiii lii;i' )»rese
Tins Craoilc, 1
iiimsiially .siiia
spines L', fi'clilc
Clllliisrioil. Siz

is'.ui 1 ill rliti (ii
«drin\voi»(l; till

'iiMil 3|; (lep

I>. VII [-1,20; .1

'•I'liipi-esstMl; pn
narnnv, tlio low
auteridily jiboul

ford a

'an am/ /•'.virniann. —/•'/s/irs of Xorlh . hiirri<(i. V.VM

an'. AirhliuMrr iioiu^: niiiil spinn Miiiult', \v«iil\ : luick u it clcvatt'd ;
IHi'opiMrh* witli its iniMiiliraiiaccoiis cduf cirniilatc ; per-
ioral tiii.s loim, l<iii;:i'i' than vi'iitrals. (Itcitiiiiii liHlit's.)

MkN'I'Ii'iukmi's. mm.
ir. l*Hi>ii<Ioliraii('liia' iili.-tiili'li'; lindy Iciii;; ami low : caiitlal |iiiiiitril ; lii'i'tmal
till I'lciimatC; |il rc>|i<'nlc «'I1mi1iI liniiy sciraluiTH.
Ii\ ^laliililili- with a row of Hlciidcr liaibcls aloiiK tin iiiin'i<>(l;;r; rliin will'

out lar;;«i liarlirls.

r.Mi \i.ii.\nnKi'

hli', Maiiilililo without liarli- h aloii^ I he iiiiicr riliio. Chin willi two Nliorl

harlicis; Hiiti (lorsa I with :iO to Id lavi.

LiiN<nn Ki

All.plilNoriN.l'.

|.(ix< ci- |ihai\ n;;('als vct\ lai 41'. iiim|ilrl'ly nnilro, rovctrd u illi 1 naisc Idiiiit |>a\ I'd
lic'l li ; lowiTJa w inrliidcd ; s noil I w il li >lits and |ioi(s, as in .Snuiia . ;;ill t a Kits

idler sliorl.

(•'. Lowt'i' jaw willi iiiinii'i'oiiM liarlirls aloii;; llio inin r id:;r of Ihc
rami i |ir(!o|n<iil(> nearly entile. (Maiini' .speeies.)

riKMMAS, .'ilU.

(■(•'. Lower. jaw without Imiliel.s; |iieopirrlc slij;htly seriate. (Kresli

wat<U' Hpeeies.) AI'I.iiiiinmii s. .V,t."i

\'.i/' iin

1 1, iisal si)ilies close lot;el her, the lirsl slli1l«^ iitlaehed to the lir.st inlerneiiral, and
I'loiii Ti 111 12 of tlie spine. heariii;; inlerni-iirals \\edj;ed in hetween tlie hijih
iM lipjtal ciest and the neural spine of tlio sei nnd veitelirii on the one hand, and
lliat of the third \eiteliraoii tlie other; oeeipilal crest iniicli elevated. Month
.■iiiiall. low, included; the teeth snliei|nal, in villiforni hands: air liladder sini
pie; iireojirnle With its n-eniliraniiceoiis idne .serrulate; ;;ill rakers siinrl ; sninit
.iliove preiinixillary with slil and porcM essentially as in Sriirmi: anal lin small;
soft dor.sal very hiu;;. of ltd to "lO rays; \. ''telira' 10 -j- h'l - 25. Iv^i'K.s, ."iitli.

I t

569. SERIPHUS, A.vrPH.

,vVn/.//".v, AvitK.s, rroc. <"al. Ac. Sci., 11, IHIil. m [jmlitiis-).

Iliiily olilouo;, coiiiprt-HHed, covcrt'il witli liither liirgi-, (IccidiKnis, rtomiui
simIo. Iload <1(M'|>, ('oiii|»re.s8<«l, r;iiiiiat««l behiixl, deprcsHcd alxixo tlif
i\c: siiiiiit blinitish, lower Jiiw projoctiuo; moiitli Inrj^c, (d»lii|iMi. Tcetli
siiimII, sliiirp, Hoparated, in narrow liands. (Jill rakers hm:x\ psciido-
liiaiii liiii- iMoseiit; proopenle willi its lueiiihranaccous (m1o« dontiotilatcd.
Tins fragile, the soft ]»artH scaly; dorsal lius m dl apart, the second
luiiisnaliy small, shorter than the, anal, which is uiiiisiially laiffe; anal
s|iiiies J, tV«dde; caudal tin lunate. N'ertehia' II + ^'^ "■'^ '" <>ti)l\tkiiH and
I'jiniisrioii. Size small. One Ki)ecie8 in tiie eastern Pacilic. ((>.'V"V'?. fin
is';i!rl ill the (ireeian Arcdiipelago; a small winged inseet; also a kind of
winniwond; the allnsiuu in auy case not evident.)

I i

! i<

!i '

ill

177»>. SKKIHIIIS I'OMTI S, Ayies.

((^rEKNKI.^^Il; WlllTK ( 'IK l.\ KKK.)

Head 31^; depth I ; eye large, i.^ in head; snout projecting, 31 in head.
I). MIM, 20; A. ri,'-'lor L'2; scales 8-G.".-!l. IJody niodeately elongate,
I'liiniH'cs.sed ; prolile siigiitiy depre.ssed over the eyes; mouth large anil
iiaiiow, the lower Jaw more or less ])rojecting in the adult; }»iemaxillary
anteriorly ahout ou the level of the lower margin of the ])iipil ; maxillary

1398 fiulldin /7, United States National Museum.

!i'; ■ "'■

,1 !»

2 in head, reaching to below poaturior iiiargiii of cyu; lower Jaw wiili a
knoll at its HymphysiH which lits in a notch in the npperjuw; teutli n\\
HUiall, Huhequal, those of the lower jaw in a niugle series, except at tlio
symphysis, whore there p.re two or three HericM; teeth of the n])por Jaw
in two series, the inner ones nuich recurved; gill rakers long and slemlui.
H leiigtli of eye, 1 -\-\b] lower jtharyngeals narrow, linear, fragile; sciiles
moderate, weakly ctenoid, those alxMit the head cycloid; lateral line
straight; dorsal spines weak, the highest 2'> to 'A in head; soft ddisal
falcate, the anterior rays mnch the longer; anal similar, its base at liaHt
as long as that of the soft dorsal; interspace between dorsals 2.^ in Inad;
veutrals 2 in 1 cad; pecrtorals Ij ; candal Innate. Color binish above, sidiH
and belly bright silvery, finely pnnctate; vortical tins all briglit yellow;
in life, base of pectorals blackish. Coast of sonthcrn Californiji, iKim
Point (,'once]>tion to Cerros Islan<l; common on sandy shores, about San
Diego in shallow waters. It reaches the length of about a foot, juid is
an excellent pan iish. {politi(8, polished.)

>Seripl>iis politiis, AVKES, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Kat. Sci., H, 1861, 80, no locality j JfHtiiAx a
(Jii.iiKiiT, I'roc. r.S. Nut. MuH. 1880, 460; .Torda.n X (iii.iiEKT, Proc. V. 8. Nut. Mns.

1881, 48; JOHUAN & GlI.BKKT, SyilOJ)8i8, 582, 1883; JdllDANifcElGENMANN, I. C, 'i',2. ItHy'.!.

I !■«

l-ii I

!

■m

N.i

570. ISOPISTHUS, (Jill.
Isojiittlivt, (iii.i., Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Thila. 1862, 18 (jtarvipinnis).

This genus is intermediate between Seriplma and Ci/noscion. It has the
canine teeth of the latter, with the long anal and short second dorsal of
the former. The second dorsal has 21 rays; it is well separated from tlio
spinous dorsal, and its base is only i longer than that of the anal. Aiintlicr
genus {Arohoncion (Jill) is intermediate between J (ioj)i8th us and Cynnmim,
having the anal shorter and the dorsals chtser together than in laopUlhrn,
but less so than in Cynoacion. Canines strong, the lateral teeth of lower
jaw more or less canine-like. The separsition of these groups as geiicia is
perhaps hardly ju.stilied. Species few, in tropical America. {I'dos, vi\\\i\\;
oTtidOe behind, the soft dorsal and :inal equal.)

a. Anal rays II, 10; pcctoralH rather lung, 1^ iu head; axil Itruwniah. ke.mifkii. ITVI
aa. Anal rays II, 16 or 17 ; pectorals shortish, 1 J in liead ; axil pale. rAUVU'iXMs, 177i

1771. ISOPISTHUS KKMIFKB, Jordan .ttJilbert.

Head 3i m iu total); doj.th 41i (4f); eye iL D. VIII-I, 20; A. 11, lH;
scales l.^)-7S-l(!, about 55 pores. IJody elongate, compressed, the back ik;!
elevated; head compressed; snout rather short, not prominent; aiitcrim
jirofile slowly rising from snout to front of dorsal; premaxillaries extend-
ing beyond front of snout, anteriorly on the level of the upper part of tk'
pupil; niimth large, very oblique, the m.axillary extending to below tb«
middle of eye, its length 2^ iu head. Lower jaw strongly projecting at tip;
chin without pores. Front of premaxillaries with a long, sharj), curved
canine on each side ( I of these often smaller or absent) ; sides of upper Jaw
with smaller teeth, wide-set, mostly in 1 row; lower jaw with ahout :.'
series of small, slender teeth in front, laterally with a single series (ifsiiiiill
teeth, besides 3 to (i large canines, much smaller than the canines of tk

Jordan and lircrwauu. — lushes of North America. 139G

upper jaw. I'roorbitttl imrrow, not \vi«lor ilian the pupil. Kje largo,
sijnhily sho' ter than Hiumt, which is about <Miual to intcrorbital width.
i'lioitcrclo with a iiienibraiiaut'oiiH flap at itH aii^lo, which in ntriatc anil
hli'lilly fringed at its edge. Gill lakerH rather Htrung and slender, low in
iiiiiiilu'r; iisi-ndobrancliiii- well dovelojied; nostrils Hmall, the posterior
vci t ii'iilly oblong. Scales small, nearly smooth, deoulnoiis ; dorsal and anal
liiis ildsely covered with small scales; lateral line little arched, boconi-
iiiM sirniglil behind vent; first dorsal snnill, its spines slender, the highest
ji ill length <if head, first spine minute or olKso'ete, the second not much
slioitiT tliiui third; space between dorsal fins about e(|ual to diameter of
(.ye :;. in iioad; soft dorsal moderate, its longest ray a little less than \
Iciiiilli of head; caudal shortish, slightly double-concave, its middle rays
hIkpiiI \ length of bead; base of anal \ length of head, its spines rudimen-
t,ir\ : vmtrals A length of head, reaching halfway to vent, which is close
ill iiDiit of anal; pectorals reaching c<uisiderably beyond tii)S of ventrals,
till ii liiigtii \\ to 1^ in head, t,'; to 1^ in body. I'les^h comparatively soft.
Coloi in life: Bluish-gray above; grayish-silvery below; top of snout and
tip of lower jaw blac^kish : inside of mouth yellow, with black on lower
lip within; linings of ojierdes black, bordered with pale orange; dorsals,
ciiikImI. anil pectorals with fine black punctulations, the ground color in
111! I \«"pt the spinous dorsal faintly yellowish; anal white, the anterior
),iirt iind the tips of most of the rays yellowish, punctate with black; ven-
triils white, inuuaculate; a dark blotch behind orbit and another on upper
liiys (if pectoral within. This species is extremely close to /. parvipinnis,
(lifftMinir only in the characters above mentioned. Panama; on sandy
sJKiri's .ither common, (revms, oar; fero, I hear, from the long pec-
torals,)

Ixniiistliii.^ lemi/cr, .Tnni)AN & (lUJtEKT, Hidl. V. S. Fieli. Comni. 1881, 320, Panama.

(Tvpr, No. 20160, 1'. S. N. M. Coll. Gilbert.)
An'h"si"ii nmi/ei; iIokoan & Eioenmann, I. c, :153, 1880.

1772. IMU'ISTHl'S PAKVIIMNMS (Cnvicr >t ValencionneH).

Ilciel 3 J : depth 3*. D. VIII-I, 21 ; A. IT, 16 or 17; scales about KX), -.">2
to r>l pores. IJody much compressed; pt-ctorals shorti-sh, the upper rays
jonjji'st, l.i in head; upper canines very long, recurved; three canines on
tilt; siiics of the lower jaw; ba.se of soft dorsal 1| times length of base of
aniil; distance between dorsals about eijual to diameter of eye; caudal tin
siilitniiu.ite; color ilark plumbeous above, rest of body^ yellowish-white;
no axillary spot; an indistinct elongate dark blotch from behind the eye
to middle of opercle. Coast of Brazil, north to Cayenne. Only the orig-
inal type of this sjn'cies in the Museum of Paris has been examined by us.
This seems to be. identical with the species well figured by Steindachner
under flie name Isophlhiin affhiiH, and from Steindachner's description and
figure our account has been chiefly drawn. (2)arvu8, small ; j/innrt, fin.)

Aneiilmiiii) parvipinnix, CuviER & Vai.enciknnks, Hist. Nat. Poies., v, 84, 1830, Cayenne ;

(U'XTIlKU, Cut., n, 312, 1860.
hopistlins (iilinii, Steindaciinek, Heuksch. Mat. Nat. Kais. \ca(\. Wisa. 1879, 43, pi. 2,

tii;. 2, Porto Alcgre.
hoiiiethm pannpiniiis, JoRVAy. Prof. .\c. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 18>'3, 289; reexaniinatiou uf type.
.\rchosei<,n iiarvijiinniH, .Tohdan \- Eioenmann, /. c, 3I>3, 1889.

i:s

1400 niiUdin //, United States Nixthnol .l/usnnii.

ill ;; I

571. BUCCONE, .Ionian iV Kveriiiiinn.
Bueconf, Jouhan .V Kvkkmann, CliwkLiHi, ;iU4, l«l)(l {iiniil,iii,riii.i).

This ;rcnuH is »'I<me to fhinoaoion, <lilV«Miii;,' IVitin it cliioliy in tiio fDrni nf
tlio mouth, wiiicij is liir/;i', ohlitpie, thr h)\v<'r Jiiw h'ss proji'ctin;; and li s.s
producml at H.vuii)ii,V8i8; it is also very <1<'«|* at haso, tliti articuhitimi di
thi- tninxlihh' inalxin^ii niarkeil an^h' with tiie v «Mitral ontlint^; body iiukIi
nioifi compniSHed than in ('ifHDsiioii, th«5 lutt^al limi nioro stron^'ly an!:,. |,
l'H«Mth)hranchia- snuill, HuniotinicH olisoh-te on onti sido. Onu Hiiccics.
(liiHotie, i\w Sjiunish name, fnnii hwn, nionth; Latin biiooo, hmrouiK, wiii,.
mouthed.)

177:1. ltl'4'('0\K I'KDIMTOItIA (Ionian .v Oillwrl).

(UnCONK.)

lleud3A; duptli I ; cyii 7A in head; snout 1;. I). I.\-I,l!t; A.l,!>; scih-s
about (15. Month hir>;e, oxtrenudy oldi(|Uc, the nnixillary rt'iuhinn mim
siderahly ltey<uid eye, its leufjth 2', in head; body robust, tleejter^ hea\ hi,
and witli the ba(d< more elevated than in any species of I'unoscion; anti rjoi
protile (hspressed above the eye, so tlial tiie snout jtrojeets; snout sliort,
not very acute, head tiiicker tiian in other species, the intrrorbital s\,Arv
e<|ual to h'Ujjth of snout; maxilhiry very broad, its tip (i in head; ( aniiics
li, short and stout; lateral teeth of lower jaw moderate; gill lakt^is
.(■-j- 10, rather lonj; and slender, the lonjj;est f ey(^; pseuilobr.'inehia (iitcii
obsolete on one side; dorsal spines hif;h, the longest li,',, in head; .suit iloi
sal moderately sealy, the distal half of its rays larj;ely naked; miilillr
rays of caudal produced; i>eetorals li in head; ventrals a trille slimid,
Color ])ale, bluish above, silvery below; axil and inside of opercje a little
<lu8ky. Coast of Panam.i. The types .md cotypes, three si)eciMieii8, tin'
largest nearly 2 feet in length, at Cambridge. Numerous others have bci n
since taken by Dr. (Jilbert. {priviUitorin.. ]»redatory.)

Cettiriis jinvilaloihis, Jokdan \ (llMiKur. in .Iouhan \- Kkjen.mann. Ktnicwof the Sciieni.
,lie, ;t63, 188!», Panama. (TyiH-, No. lOHOl, M. C. /.. ('oil. A -iJis.siz.)

572. CYNOSCION, Gill.
(Wkak-Fisuks.)

Centrfiiii, (ilto.vow, Cat. Fisli., Kd.liray, 10, IM4 {carnlineiiiiiii )irhiil<isus) ; iireo('<iiiiii il liy
Ccstreiis. Mct.'Lloi.I.A.M), Journ. Nut. Hist., 11, IS.")!, IHt'J.aii Kawt Indian jjeniis of ;;olees
I'rioiiohufin, ISl.KKKini.

i'linii^eicn, GlU., I'loe. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 18fi2, 18 (rc<iiilis).

AiLii'iiiUihranchiis. Gii.i., Troc. Ai;. Nat. Sei. I'liila. 18ii'J, 18 iturriif acoiipa).

Atiadoseion. Ciiu., I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1802. 18 {iriniileiin).

Body elongate, little compressed, the back not elevated. Head coiiie;il,
rather ])ointed; mouth very large, termii\al, not very obli(|ne, the Imvei
jaw )»rojecting, the symphysis produced, the angle at base of niaxilhiiy
not prominent. Maxillary very broad. Teeth sharp, not closely set. in
rather narrow bands; tip of the lower jaw without canines; npjn 1 jaw
with 2 long canines, 1 of which is souK'tinies obsolete; canines laiiciin;'

;iL

Jordan and livcrniann. — Fishes of Notth . Innriai. 1101

froin •)aHO to tip; liitiiriil teeth of lower . jaw liirn«»r tliiiii niitt-rior. I're-
iiiicn !<• with iiH mciiihraiiaoiMiUM odj^o Hvrnihitf, tlio lioiio <'iitirc. I.ow«m-
|ili;ii\ lineal IioiiuH aupiU'iitM, their t«>eth all poiutril. (iill rukerH strong;,
r.iilier lou>^. Vertehru- al)o«t 1 1 + 10 (iiiHlou<l of l(>-f 11 as in Sri.inuida
iiiiciiilly). I'scmlohranohiji- woll (hvelopud; <lorHiil Hpiiics Hleiiilrr, th('
liiis L'lojfly foiitiK'iotiH; aiiul HpincH 1 or li, very fe«'lilt>, tin- Hoft niyH 7 h»
I,!; secuii*l dofHal long and hnv, mure than twicr lungtli of iiiial; ventrals
iiiscrlod beh)W p^ctoralH, th»< pu'oic bono ionj^ and Htronj?; randal lin snl»-
tiiiiMiito or Inuutc. Large lislies cliielly of the waters of America, clostly
icliiitd to the <)M World gtMiUH (HoUihnx, from wliirh tiiey aro diHtinguiHhod
liv tiin iihHonce of canines in tlie lower jaw. All of tlioni rank high a8 food
lislits; the Ih'sh iH rich, bnt in soino Hpecies tender and easily torn; hcpco
till' iiopiilar nain«i \Veak-fiHiie.s. {kvijJI', dog; ox/oc, Sciiviia; the nio«lern
(iicfk name of I'mbrina cirrlioHa.)

{;v.\(i-i ION:
II. SialcM not vtii'v sniall, tlu; lateral lino having ^'t to 75 poroH, tlic inuiilxTof trausvorHu
scrii's riiiisiiiy; fioiii 55 to 85, Imuiih not much in exicsM of tlio nimibiT of jiorcs;
lieiiil I'oiiiiiresHed, not truly conical; upper jaw willi (liHtiiict canines, the liaml ot
tcitli in tho upin'riaw rather narrow, tlie, lower teetli sniall and in lew HcricH in
fiinil, iarycr inul uniacrial on the 8iil«s.
ii. Soft rays of tlie dorHal ami anal more or lohs closely Hcaleil ; ({ill rnkerH com-
])aratively long and Hlender, 0 to \2 on the lower part of the arch, the loUi^CMt
iit least 4 the diameter of tlu! eye.
c. Sol't don al of '20 to 2;i rays.

(/. Catdal fin rhombic, the middle rayh considerably produced.

e. Snout Hliort, bluntiHli,4^ in head; mouth Hniall, little oblicpie, tho

canines iiuite small; color ])ale, with faint darker streaks: axil

pale, pseudobranchiie aomutimes wanting. 1). IX-I, 'JO; A. 1,

8. Acoii'A, 1774.

ee. Snout long, about 3} in head; nuixillary reaching beyond eye;

pectoral shortish, Ijj in head; color uniformly silvery; axil

brown. D. VIII-I,'21 or 2'J; .\.II, 10. .stiUA.MiiMNNis. 1775.

dd. Caudal fin deeply lunate; the middle rays shorter than the upper

ones : coloration plain ; maxillary reaching beyond eye. I). IX-I,

23; A. II, 10. OTIIONOI'TEBl s, 1770.

cc. Soft dorsal of 20 to '29 rays; caudal tin subtruncato or double-truncate, the

middle rays but slightly produced.

/, Coloration nearly uniform silvery.

</. Caudal truncate; body slender, the dejith more than 4 in length ;
8uout short; maxillary not reaching beyond eye. D. X-I, 27;
A. 1, 11. oni.K^iATU.s, 1777.

(jg. Caudal wt^akly double-concave ; body deep, the depth 3J to 3J in
length.
h. Snout long, lij in head, longer than eye. .iamaipensis, 177'<.
hh. .Snout short. 44 in head, shorter than eye. 1). X-1, '27 to 21),
A. II, 9 or 10. NOTMIS, 177!).

//. Coloration brownish silvery above, with many dark brown spots,
arranged in undulating streaks; bo<ly more or less compressed;
eye moderate, 5 to 7 in head; maxillary I'xti nding to below pos-
terior margin of eye, 2i in head; canines large; color brownish
silvery, with u'idescent reflections, and marked with many small,
rather irregular dark-brown spots, some of which form undulat-
ing lines running upward and backward ; upper tins dusky, lower
yellowish.
3030 11

I t^

Hii

I !-J

' l^

• A-

I!

1

t

', I

*i. 1

14()2 liullvtiH /7. / V/ZAv/ .S'A/A.v National Museum.

i. Hiuiiit not < cry Mliitrp, ulioiit 4| (4 to 4.U i>> li<*<><l ' Kill rnk»ri< I'li^

anil Hitjiili-r, iiHiiiilly •> K* lo r<2 in mimiiIxt; nirniliriiiit . o|'

Mot'l iloi'HJil iiMil iiniil niort" or Icmh rloinly Mcnly, tim nf.iWn

rt'lllllly llrciilllollH. UKll.VI.IH, I'Hii.

a. Snout v(try Hliiir|i. Il'l to 'Aji, In Irn^tli of hi'iiil : ^111 riiiicrH hIihi t, ,

ratlirr Hli<nili'r, 4 { H or U in niiinlicr; iiK^inliniiH' ot'Hot't iloisui

iin<l nnitl with vnry (Vw Hrnlcn, tln'Hc ri'iKlily ilociiliinuH.

TIIAI.AHMINIH, 17>|,

bli. Soft rayH of tlio ilomal and uiial Hrali'k'HM; iiill rukiirH roniparativi'lv mIio, i .imi
tliii'kiMli, iiHiially not lon^'rr lliun ])ii|ill, anil but 0 to H on lowor liinl) oiii,,.
ari'li.
j. Coloraliiin nol unilorni, KriiyiHli iintl Hilvory, the liark willi dUtinrt il^uKir
MpotH, lini'M. or ri'tiiMilationM; cainlal tin truncati', or HiiKlitly douliii
roncave.
A'. Soft ilorHal iininariilati^ liack anil hIiIi'h covfritil with tlark Ihovmi
Ht° MikH and rrtiriilation>< which ohMciiro ilic )rroiiiiil color, ' .im
dally alio\c the lateral line; lateral line in a ]ial« Htreak. bonliinl
alxive nnil hclow hy a ilarkcr onii; lower partH ((ilver\ Hiim
unHpotteil: lioily <1cep; nnout not Hharp. pectorals l;'j in licail I).
X-I, 28; A. II, 9. KKTIOUI.ATIS. ITv.i

kk. Soft (lornal tin with conHpletioiiH roiin<1 ItlackHpotH; hack anil ^idcs
covcroil with Hiniilar HjiotH Hnialler than the ]>n|)il, larj;er \\\:\i\
thoHO on the tinH; Hiiont acute, much lonK*«' than eye; pecinnil
2,1 in heail. I). X-I, 2.) to 27; A. II, 10. NEIHII.nsirs, 17S;i

jj. Coloration nearly uniform, liluixli ^rny ahovo, silvery helow; no di.Miinci
HpotH, on body or fiuH.
{. ('audal fin Homewhat I'lnate in the adult, the middle rayn HlKirtcsi.
althou;:h more or Ichs |)roiluced in theyonn^'; ])ectorMl lin >Ii<>m
not reachii.h' tipn of vcntralH. 1). X-I, 22 or 2:1; A. II, 10.

I'AUVIIM.NMS ITS!

II. Caudal tin alwnyH doiihle-truncate or donhle-concave, the iniililli'
rayn Momewhat produced.
m. I'octoral fiuH reaching nearly or (|uite to tlie tipH of vciiir.-iK
their lenifth nu)rc than .J lirad.
n. Second ilorHal of 20 or 21 rayg.

y. Scales Huiall (12-Hfi a-), the number of jioros in iln'
lateral line about 70; head rather lon^', inni-
j>resHed and pointed: body slender; eye l;irj;i';
pectorals 1:; in head. 1). IX-I, 20; A. II, 8.

xANTiiri,r>. 17>:p.

00. Scales moderate (K-0(i-18), the pores in Ihe liltiiil

line about 0:t; hitad larue, bliiiitish; body kiIhihI:

snout short, 4 to 4J in head. I). X-I. 21; A. 11,!).

Ai.m>, iTsii.

nn. Second dorsal of 24 rays; scales rallior lar;;e, in K") siiics,

the number of ]iores about 55; snout sharp. 1^ in

head; ur.ixillary 2.nii head ; body robust; gill nikim

2|!); caudal double-truncate; jtectorals U in IhmiI:

color Kri'.V. unmarked. mAcdonai.ih, IT.'^T

mm. Pectoral fins short, reaching little past middle of v(iiliiil>.

their length nol more than J head; body eliuigatc: Himiit

sharp, 4 in head. I). X-I, 21 ; A. II, !). tiTor.ZMA.VM I78>.

Atuactoscion {aTpatcTo^, spindle; o-icioi', Srio-na):

ait. Scales comparatively small; the number of pores in the lateral line 70 to DO, imil

very much less than the number of transverse rows, which is from H.'i to l'i1;

teeth of upper Jaw in a rather broad band, 1 to 4 of them usually moie or less

canine-like, the canines generally sinall, and sometimes wholly disajiiicariii^'

with age; lateral teeth of lower Jaw not much enlarged; gill rakers nsiially

small and short.

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1403

u, (,'ttudul tin liinalii ur Hiibtruncntei ni'uIch not very Hinall; head iiiori' orlfim tlia-
tlnc^tly I'onioul, not rluttuiK'il »lM>vti| Mot't ilorMul wltliUl to 23 ray*.
(/, Soft (lornnl wliolly HriilolcHH.

r. I'cctoriil till riithrr l<>iiK< morn than \ Iii'imI; ItoHh tinii: Hiuh'^ of hIiIuh

of hi'iul not Milvcry ; hciiil pointi'il; miioiU Ioii^', Hhiiip, :<;{ in head;

caiiiiiil Innate; color pale, yuiin;; with (lurk (Tohh ImiikIh; uilimky

Npotinaxil. D. X, 2lor2'.'; A. II, U. Nniiii.is. ITHU.

tr. Pectoral liiis Hhort, not more than 4 hMi^th of lieiiil; IIchIi rather

HoCi ; Hides of htmd hriuht silvery; head very iennlaiiy conical,

pointed, taperint;. scarcely (m>iii pressed ; snont very acute; 11) in

held; canines i|iiito Hniall, usually Ititl 1 present, and this dis-

appearintr with a;;u; eyo sninll, 7^ in head; body sleiider, hiiIiI'ii-

silbrni, inederately eoin]iresHed. Scales small, iill cycloid, those

on liead eiiilicddetl and hrJKht silvery; pecloials and vent rals

alioiit equal 12 In head; caudal lunate. Color Kiavish aliove,

with liri);lit rellectionn; inside of nioulli deep orange yellow;

liniiiH of opercle black; axil brownish. I'IIii.xix^ei'IIAI.Us, 17110.

1/7. t4oft dorsal tin with its lower ]iortlon covered wit h small, caducous H<'ulen.

ISody com])reBMed; head compouud-coiUc; canines small, both iires-

«nt; poctonilH 2 in head; caudal weakly double truncate. L>. IX, I,

21 to2:i; A. II, 10. I.KIAmilUS, 1701.

;7<. Caudal lln rhombic or S-sbaped, Ihi^ iiiiddlu rays produced, the upper lobe

usually ])(diitcd ; soft dorsal with 23 to 2H riiys.

». Soft dorsal entirely naked; anal with u few scales; body long and low,

spindlO'Sliapcd; head depressed above; mouth larjj;e; <:aniiies present,

short and thick; eye small, caudal S->^litiI>()d, the middle rays louj^est;

pectorals \\ in head; Hcnles very HUiall. D. X-I, 28; A. I, 8.

viuk.s(;kn8, 1702.
,v,<. Soft dorsal and anal llus densely scaly tliroiif;liout; teeth all small, thu
canines moderate; scales very siiiall; pectoral \\ in head; caudal
S-sbuped; color K't't^iilsb, silvery below. D. Xl-I,2a: A. 11,0.

MlCUOLBriUOTUS, 1793.

Subgenus CYNOSCION.
1774. t'YXOS€IO\ AtOUl'A* (Lacepec'e).

(ACOUPA; TOEKOE.)

Head ;V|; depth 4; eyo 5?; snont 1^ J). X-I, 20: A. I, 8; scales 6t!.
Mdiitli iiioderatt', not very ohliqne; tb«' ma.xiUaiy reacbiug little beyond
lyc, its lenjrtb about 2jr in bead. Snout sboi't, bluntisli ; nioutb smaller
;iiul IcHs oblique tban in most of tbe spech'S, tbe canines quite small; tbo
hitural tcotb of lower Jaw smaller and more nearly equal tban in otbers;
lower jiiw a little protruding; nuixillary extending to posterior margin of
ivo, 2j ill bead; gill rakers ;^-f- 10, l«)ng and slender, tbose near tbe angle
riithcr long, if eye, tbe otbers rapidly sbortt'iied ; eye large; soft dorsal
iiud aniil scantily scaled, tb(! distal balf largely naked, tbe fins ratber
lii;;h, tbe longest soft rays 2^ in bead; caudal pointed; pe<-torals IHn
head, not reaching tips of ventrals; color pale, witb faint darker streaks
ailing sides of back; axil pale; opercle dusky witbin. Atlantic coast of

• Till' .•'t;itoiuent is made by Dr. (liinther that this species lacks psendobriinchiic, and on
till!) asHri'tioii Dr. Gill has proposed for it the generic name Aptcudob ranch u». It is
inii' in thiH as in other species of Vi/noicion that the nscudobranclii.e become smaller witb
am>. Usiiiilly they become (in old specimens) obsolete on one side wbile they are jier-
I'ectly »viili'iit on the other This is the case with all the old specimens of this species
wliicli we liave examined, and it is true also in several others of the larger species. The
geuuii Sptcudubranchut is strictly synonymous with Cyno»cion.

' if >

;'i' t

I

14(M linllitin /7, I 'nilcii States Xntional Afuscinn.

n.

,(,,s!;;:

•MM

Month Aiiiorini, l(rii/il iiortli to Voiify:ii»lii; i;«>iioriill.v foinmon; tho nimtI.
iiioiiH Ik'i-i' <l<'si't'il)U(l ( li)S!l2 M.C, Z.) I'ruui Cuchliiru. i^Avouim, n Tortii-
^uuNo niiiiiu ill (iiiiuiui.)

I'lieiliiiliitieniH airmiitit, La('i:im:i)K, II IM. Nat. Poisii., ill. 540, 180'.', Cayenne.
I.uljainn citufniimtiit, I.A< ii'iui:, IIIhI. Nut. I'oIhm., iv, IIM> liiiil L'4.'>, IHO'J, Cayenne.
OiolUliiiM rhnmbiiiiliilin, (Ji'MKU, l{i'){nit Animal, Kit. 'J, II, 173, iM'iti, Cayenne; ImNnl „|,

IjlltjdII ill' Vaili'lllli', I.ACKl'i.KK.
Otnlilhut loi'ine, (Jl'VlKU A Vai.K.ncik.VNKs, HImI. Nill. I'oIm., V, 7'.*, |>1. 1113, 1HH(», Cay. line;

HiiiiiK t,vpr iiH Itiitjiiu ill' ('ii)ieiuii\ \,M\:\'V.\w., Surinam; Brazil; Lake Marai..iibo;

(M'ViKK iV Vai.rm ii:.nm:h. IIIhI. NiiI. I'oInn., ix,478, IH:i:i.
Olitlithiin i-iti,inneiiti!<, tiCNTiiKii, Cut., Ii,:i01i, IWld.
VjinuKeiun iir<iiii>ii,,]i)UU\N, I'nic. I'.H. Nat. .Mu«. lHHtl,!j«8.
<'e»<reH» udjupa, Juuuan it. Kiui<:.nmann, I, c, 303, I88U.

177fi. rV>OSnO.> S({IIA.1I1I>I>MS (<iiinthor).

Head 31; d.-pth I ; oy« about ♦!; snout llj. I>. VIIl-I, 21 or U2; A. 11,10;
Hcalort 10-70-23. Mouth inodmutc, not very oiiliqiir; Hiiout loiif?; iii;ixi|.
Iiiry reiicliin); ii little l»«yon«l i^yo, its loii;;th iibout 2A inhuad; pccfipini
sh(»rtiHh, Iji in h«ad; lower Jaw vciy jtroiuineut; lateral line liocoiniinr
straight o|)|)osit(* i'roiit ol'auai; caudal rhoinhiiyitH iiiiddlu rayHpnxliicnl,
longer than the outer raya; soft dorsal and anal sraly; gill nikeiN long
and sleiidttr aliout .i' -f 11 ; dorsal s;)in*'H weak, the longest 2A in hiad.
Color, unilbriu silvt-ry ; sides minutely punctulate; axil hrown; viiiiiiiIh
yellowish. Pacific coast of tropical America; knctwu from afew.s|i((i.
mens taken at J^a Union and Panama; those here described iu the Miihiiiui
at Cambridge. {s<iiiama, scab'; pinna, lin.)

OtulithiiH tiiiiauiipmniKy OCntiiku, FiBlics Central Anirrina, ;iH7 and 429, 1800, Panama
CuiioHi-ionniiKiiiiipinn!-, .T()IM»an \- (Ju.hkut, Proc. l'. o. Nat. Man. 1881,231!.
Centreitii mjuamtpinnia, Jokuan &. Uioen.mann, I. c, 304, 1881).

1770. CVNO.St'ION OTIIOXOFTEKIS, Jordan A, Gilbert.

Head 3,'„ ; depth I; eve(>ii in head. D. IX-I, 23; A. II, 10; scales Cfi.fiO
pn'os. Hody rather elon<;ate, the b.nck somewhai (devated, the jnolile
from tip of snout to dorsal nearly straight; caudal peduncle rather loiij;
and slender, its depth 4 in head. Head long and pointed, compressed, not
regularly conical; mouth large, the lower jaw projecting; maxiiiury
broad, reaching to or a little beyond posterior margin of orbit; preiiiax-
illarics in front on the level of lower part of pupil; length of gape L'^ in
head. Teeth in tipper jaw in a moderate band which becomes iiiirrowei
laterally; upper jaw with 2 small canines, their length scarcely i diaiii
eter of pupil; some of the other anterior teeth enlarged and larger than
the latersil teeth; teeth in lower jaw in a narrow band iu front, in ,i
single series laterally, the lateral teeth much larger than the anterior.
Eye moderate, broader than preorbital, narrower than maxillary, its
diameter a little greater than I interorbital space; preopercle with its
membranaceous border broad and covered with small scales. Gill rakt-rs
long and strong, nearly as long as eye. Scales small, all with contspicnoiis
membranaceous edges ; all the tins excepting spinous dorsal com])letely cov-
ered with small scales, thn bases of the tins thickened by them ; a few acales

p;'

Jordan ami I^vcrmaun, — lushes of North Anwrica. I

4or»

iruiit of HpiiiuiiH ilorHtil ; luturiil linn coiiNitlinihly <<iirvu<l itiit«tr!oi'Iy,
In ciiiiiiiiK i*^'"'*^''^ "* '* I"*'"' '" *'■'•"* ••' '1'*' vi'iit, noiir tlin origin of tli»*
^,,tt (l.iiHiil; dorsal Hpintm «'oiii|niriitiv«(ly loii^; and Mfronur, little llrxihic,
tlir tiiinl H|)iiifl BiiKlitl.v lonK*^!- tliaii tlio Hocoml, 2'| in Inn^th of lu>nil; tIrNt
sniiic iliort anil Hl«n(I»'r, iiltont \ length of Hccontl; (lorHulu n«it t-onin'ctftl;
SIM, .11. 1 ilcirsiil ratlioi liiul'. >•» lonjccHt ravs \\\ in head; caudal tin liirKt-,
Iiim:ii<', tliH iHitt'r rays about \ lon^ur than tho niiddlo rays, wliicli uro L'j
j„ 1,1' III; anal larK*S as lon^ as lii);li, its distal margin |M*rf«ift1y straight,
itM liiiiU'st rays altont \ lun(i(th of liead; anal Hpincs small, «>iiv<dopud in
tilt' SI :ily Hi<in, thosiM-ond altont i lutij^ht (d' llrst soft ray; anal (in trrnd-
iiiitini! *!oiisid«>ruldy in front of dorsal; vt^ntrals lon^, not rnarliin;; <|nito
l,,^ll^.,v to vent, tlw'ir It'n^tli about \ that of littad; poctnrals broad,
riilln I l<»i};< reachiiiff a littlo boyoud tips of vuntrals, an<l <-onlain«>d I '{ in
l,.i,,rtli itf head. Slaty-blniHh ubovo, 8llv«try holow, with bright ndh-c-
tioiis: body and ilns («v*>ry\vhnrti . ith dark pnn<>tnlations; tip uf chin
(lai'lv : liiiH yidlowish, tho nppiu' all with dark od^ing; ptM'torals blackiHii
on till |iiiHt<*rior side, tho axil nnd thu lar^o axillary snilo tinsky ; l<»wi>r
jiiw I'M^'lit silvTy; lining; of opurclu dark; puritononni ]iale. licngth 2
l,.('t. Ciill'of California; known from 2 lar^e Mpooimcns taken in thulrulf
of ( Jilitornia. (oUnvyi, veil; nrffjoi', tin, from its gealy dorsal.)

fiino$vl"ii siiuatnipinnii, Stkkets, Hull. U. S. Nnt. Miih,, vn, 40, 1877, off Sun Ygnacio
River, Gulf of California; not Otiilithun »iiiiiiiini<iitnit, (il^NTHKit.

CuU'ii'K'ii "Ihoniiptvruiii, .Iouuan \ (iu.itBKT, I'roc. l',S. Nat, Miih, 18m1, '.•7», Punta San
Felipe, Mexico, (Type, No. '.'ICIH.'i. Coll. I,i.nt. NIcIioIh.)

C'ttmi't "ihiiniiiitentu, .roiiDA.N i.V Ekien.mann, I.e., 304, ISHl),

1777. <'YNOS(i<)\ OKI.K^rATVS (VuUnclunncH).

Iload ;il ; depth 5^^; eye '> in head; snout about 5. 1). X-I, 27; \. I, 11 ;
scalt'^ •'"• Caudal truncate; body rather slender; maxillary reaching
iiostiTJiir tiiird of eye; pectoral as long as ventral; coloration uniform
silvi'iy; scales of tins nndescribed. (Sauvage.) Martinique. This species
is unknown to ns.* The incroaseil nnnibcr of dorsal rays leads ns to place
it in tlic neighborhood of C nothiis, with which species the scanty de-
^(•^il)ti(ln agrees in most respects. V ttothim has, however, not been
i)'(;orili'(l ti'om the West Indies. {obUqiuitiiH, rendere«l oblit|ne.)

otiiUihKx iiidiiiuatHn (A'Ai.KNCiKNNEs MS.) Sai'vaok, Hull. Soc. I'liilom. I'liris, m, Ih.'O,

'JUU, Martinique.
Vistreiin iMiqnatvi, .lORDAN & EkiKNMANN, /. i'., ;105, 1889.

■ TliP IdllowinK is the account publislietl by Dr. SnuvaRC :

"I'll iiliitithe <'tii|ucttc ilinLs la collection dii Mutscuni (ttnlilhiig ohlimiatiit ilc la main dtt
Viilc'iHicMiics, n'cst |>a8 dccrit diius I'llistoirc des I'uisHonH, Voisinc dc Votolitliiin thalas-
viMi't lliillii'.. cctto cH|)cco enditl'ci'<;]mr l<< ni()ins|;i'an<l noudirud'ccaillcsala lij;nc lalcialo
it I'liil jiliio urand ; la t'oruief^u la caudalc la Hciiaredo V OtoUthuanothiix llollir,, du.'4 nir'niun
{Kinigi's. \ nici la dia};no.so dcs dniiK cxcni)>lair(;s recucillis a la Marliniiiiio ])ar .M. Plcc:

"II. .\,2K^ A. I, U; L, lat. 60. Hauteur du corps coiitenuc cin<| t'ois un tier.'*. lon;;ucur
ili'la ti'tr ti'ois loin (tt troi.H quarts diiiiH la loiiguciir totalc dii c<ir)is ; niUHOiiu un |icu plus
Hvi (|ur Ic iliaiiK^trc dc I'lcil, i|iic est, conlcnuc cinq foio dans la lon;;ucur dc la tcic;
inailioirc iiilVriciirc ]i1uh lonituc que la nupcricurc; dcs canines assez fortes a la niaclioiro
sii|iirii'iirr Hi'iilenutnt -, niaxillairo arrivant aii niveau dii tiers jiostitrieur do I'leil ; an;'Ui tin
|iri'ci]MTriile arrondi ct un jieu rejote en arriere; d{«ntp|iires dii iireniiercule bicn visildes,
lilu.s t'ortc-i :i I'ani^le. Caudale tronquce; jicctorales de nienie linifjnenr (jue les vtuitralcH.
Ligni' latcnile asse/, int:urvce vers lo milieu do sa lonf;ueur. Coloration unifornii^ Lon-
),'neur ilu (Dips 0,200."

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140G Bulletin //, United States National A/nseum,

177H. I'YXOHCIOM JANAICKNKIS (Viiinmit d^ nocoiirt).

(MoNdOI.AU DRrMMKR.)

Head ?.; <loitth 3} (43 with caudal) ; oye lA in head. D. X-I, 20 or L'T; A
!,!»; M<!iil«H (>;{ ; nnoiit I^!^ in head. lonji;er Mian eye; niaxilhiry to below niiddli.
<if pnjtil,2i inhead; lower Jii w projcctiug; dupthof head over hitid<>r mar-
gin ol" eye, \% in its length. A single largo canine iu front of npp«'r j; w,
\ or .5 small teelh on side of lower Jaw, other ttieth few and Binall;
tongue free at end and sides, with abroad median groove; slit of |i(j>tr-
rior nostril nearly vertical. Gill rakers S+T, the longest .1 eyo. <)])ii(.u-
lar (lap extending beyond upper base of pectoral; preopercle with a
menibriuoiis margin. Doritals contiguous; membrane of anal N(al('(|
almost to tin, that of dorsal about halfway. Scales wtakly ctenoid,
those on top of head irregular in ni/e. Pectorals about equal in l(>ii<rt]|
to ventrals, 1.V in head; caudal doubly concave, middle rays K>:i;,'('sr.
Curve of lateral line gradual, becoming straight behind the fourth (inrsal
ray. Color in alcohol, very dark olive above, the entire sides with golden
luster, paler below; dorsals, pectorals, and caudal lightly punctate,
lower tins colorless. This species i^ closely related to Cynoseion oblitiuatus,
ditferiug in having the caudal doubly concave, and the anal with luit !i
rays, and especially in its much more robust form. Jamaica. Hiit
described from 4 specimens 8 to 10 inches long, sent us by Rev. .loscjdi
Seed Roberts, of Kingston, .Tamaica.

OtiilUhut jamaicentig* Vaillant i- Hocoukt, Miss. Sci. au Muxiqiitt, Poissons, ITiti. 1874

Jamaica. (Tyim, No. A, 557, AIii.'*. Paris. Coll. F. JJoconrt.)
Ciiv ncion jammeengiH, JonuAN & Ui'TTKR, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1897, 114.

177». CYNOSnOX XOTIirS (llolbrook).

(Bastahd Weakfisii.)

Head 3.J : depth 3^; eye 4; snout 1.1. D. X-I, 27 to 29; A. II, 9 or 10;
scales G-58 to 62-7. Caudal weakly double concave; body rather deep;
eye very large, equal to interorbital width; body more compressed than
in other species, the back somewhat elevated ; snout rather short, not very
acute, mouth smaller than in related species; maxillary 2i in hc.<^d, reach-
ing to Itelow posterior margin of pnpil ; gill rakers long and slender, l-f!l,
th<^ longest i<'ye; lower pharyngeals very slender ; dorsal fins contigu-
ous; membrane of soft dorsal scaled to its tips; scales weakly ottMioid;
litteral line much curved anteriorly, becoming straight under srvcntli
dorsal spine. Color grayish silvery, thickly punctulate above and (ni
sides to level of pectorals, then abruptly silvery, a row of dark ])oiut«i

*Tlio following is the substance of the originiil account of Cynoseion jamaieensin :
Head 4; depth 41. D. X-1, 25: A. 11,9. Scales 6-59-lH. Body inoderately elcvald!
lower.jaw projecting; snout nearly 3 iu htail; maxillary reaching nearly to opposiin iiiid
(lie of i',ye; eye equal to inttaorliitiil space, 41 in head , preopercle rounJed ; scales iiMidcr
ate; latisral line rising anteriorly almost to upper fourth of depth of body, bi'iomiii;'
medial' uiider fourth s(»lt ray of dorsal ; soit dorsal scaly. Vent at end of third lillli ol
total length. Dorsal spines" feeble, the fourth longest, nearly J head; anal spiuen very
weak, the second IJ iu eye: ])ectoral IJ in head, reaching tips of vtfiitrals. Caudal
shortish, th> middle rays longest. No pseudobranchia' (in type). Color plain silvery in
spirits, without markings.
Jamaica; one specimen m. 240 in length. (Vnillant & Bocourt.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1407

iii.irkiii}; the lino ot'diviHion; Huout and tip of lov/or Jaw blackiHh; inuutli
u liitf witiiin; lower Una white, ni)[»(!r dusky. Hoiith Atlantic and (Jiill"
i(.;ist.s of I'nitctl Statt's; rather rare at Charleston; a very well marked
spccieH, dilfrrinjj; in nnniorous rospetits from the others, rifialia, thalansi»ii>i,
iirhiiloHus, *ound in the sanio waters. The spociniens hero dcscril)ed are
froMi Charleston. {yoOo?, bastard.)

(iiilithiii notliiis, HountooK, Iclitli S. Cgirolina, i:U, pi. iu, ii^. '., tHfiO, South Carolina;
(iC.NTiiKK, (;at., n, 308, mv).

CuiinKi-vni. HotltKg, OOODB & 1$KAN, Proc. H. S. Nat. iM;iH. 187!t, mi; .loUIlAN A (ilLllKUT,

SynopHift, 1)80, 1883.
Cittiim noinlit, JOUDAN & KKIICN&.ANN, I.e., MO, 1889.

1780. €YN0S('10.\ RK(JAIJS (Itloch \- .Schnniilor).

((JOM.MON WEAKKICH; Syl'KTEAOUEj "SEA TUOUT.")

ll(>ad ;H; depth 4^; eye about H in snout, 5 to 7 in hejMl; snout 4 to IJ.
I). \-I, L'6 to 29; A. II, U to 13; ecalea «»-56-ll. Maxillary roaiihiug to
bi'vi'iid pupil, 2,'; in head; teeth stiarp, in narrow bands; canines large.
Pectorals short, scarcely reaching tips of ventrals, a litt'e more than ^
k'ii;;tli of head; lon<,,»t dorsal spine as long as maxillary, uot J length
oi'hn.Kl ; soft dorsal and anal scaly, the scales caducous. Gill rakers long
Mild sbarp, 5 + 11 in number. Color silvery, darker above and marked
witli many small, irn-gnlar dark blotches, some of which form undulating
liiii s niiming downward and forward; back and hea«l with bright reflee-
♦ioiis; dorsal and caudal fins dusky; ventrals, anal, and lower edjje of
liiiidiil yellowish, sometimes speckled. Atlantic and (Julf coast of the
rnitcd States from Cape Cod southward to Mobile; very abundant on
siiudy shores, not found about rocks. It is highly valued iin a food-lish,
tbt) liesh being rich an«l d«dicate. Its flesh, like that of most species
of tho genuij, is very tend^-r and easily torn, hence the common name
Woiikfish. On the Carolina coast it has received thv. very inappropriate
iiaiiio "Sea Trout." The bluefish (I'omatomuH) is especially destructive
to individuals of this species, the two inhabiting the same waters and
often taken togeuher. {regalis, royal ; snggested by the name " Kingtish,"
whiih belongs, however, to Menticirrhua.)

Ji'hiniis injalU, Blooh & Sch.neidkk, Syst. Iclith., 75, 1801, New York.

liiici-iix cdiiifs, MiTCUli.L, Iteport, in part, i^'islios New York, 26, 1814, New York.

Ldhnm Hniii'teague, MiTCHiLL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Sec. New York 1815, 390, pi. 2, fig. 1,

New York.
Otidltliiit reijalit, Ci'viEK & Valenciennes, Uiat. Nat. Poiss., v, 67, 1830.
C'nim'ion resale, GiLi., Proc. Ac. Nat. S<:i. Pliila. 1862, 18; Jordan & (iiLBEKT, Synopsis,

.isl, 1883.
Vi'ittnus reijalis, Jordan &. Kigenmann, I. c, 366, pi. 1, 1889.

17S1. C¥.\OS(;iON THALASKIXUS (Holbrook).

Tlio form called OtoUihus thalasHinua l)y Ilolbrook has not l)een rocog-
iii/ed by later eolleetors, and it has usually been considered identi<'al
with C. regalis. A specimen taken by Mr. Silas Stearns at Pensaeola seems
to iiiiswer to Holbrook's description, and we have found 2 similar spoi-i-
meus in the museum at Cambridge, one (No. 438, M. C. Z.) from Pass

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1408 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

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Christian, Minsiasippi, tlio other from Ilatnptou IloiulH, Virginia, 'ilu)
ouly tlifterential characters wliich wo have noted ar«) given above in tlifi
analysis of spo('i"8. Cynoscion thttlasHiuus may, porliapH, he found to
inhabit a different depth of watev than that which tlie common Weal<lisli
freciuents. For the present we may treat the 2 as distinct spctics.
Depth 4^; head 'Ah; D. X-I, 21; A. II, 11; scales 5(). Uody comprcwsiMl,
not eHi)ocially elevated, of about the same depth everywhere between llic
veutrals and Ui«> vent; caudal podun<"h\ rather long and stout. If.iid
pointed, Hiibconical; prol'.le straight, scarcely descending; eye rather
large, l;i in snout, .')i^ in head; moiitli larg;', oblique, premaxillary ante-
riorly on a level with the upper margin of the pnpil; maxillary .x-
tendiug beyond the pupil; lower jaw strongly projecting, its tip entciin;;
the iMofile. Teeth of the lower jaw in 2 series, anteriorly in a siii>,'l(>
series, those in front small and subequal, the inner ones recurved, tlione
of the side much larger; teeth of upper jaw in 2 series, those of tlie
onter series scarcely decreasing in size toward the angle, those of the
inner series becoming lulnute on the sides; canines moderate, \ the diam-
eter of the eye. Preopercle witi a stri.ated and dentated dermal maii;iii;
gill rakers slender; those near the angle \ t\w length of the eye; hiwer
idiaryngoals weak and long, grooved below; teeth at the angle seveinl
times as large as the rest, all more or less recurved, the anterior (tnes
specially so; teeth of the upper pharyngeals unequal. First dorsal spine
inserted above the end of the lirst fourth of the ventrals, tlie sjiineH
slender, the third highest, reaching to the ninth spine, 2\ in head ; second
anal spine about twice as large as the first, 2if in length of eye; anal lays
2,^ in head; pectorals broken; ventrals slightly less than 2 in head; soft
dorsal a])parently not scaly, but so mutilated in our specimen that wo can
not be certain of this; scales very weakly ctenoid; lateral line somewliat
wavy anteriorly, becoming straight under the, fourth or fifth dorsa! ray.
Color brownish above, lighter below; nuddle of sides with many dark
dots; a dark blotch on upper corners of opereh' and cheek; axil and inner
margin of pectoral black; spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal and cnudal
dusky ; the rest of the fins pale. The specimen from Pass Christian Inis no
scales on dorsal or anal at present, but the marks showing their former
presence on the basal parts of the fin are evident. Gill rakers j-j-><, tlie
lor.gest J eye; snout 3 J in head. D. X-I, 25; A. I, 10. In the specimen
from Hampton Roads the gill rakers are .r-l-9; snout 3+ in head. D. X-I,
25. The coloration is essentially as in rvgalis, but in all these specimens
it \A more silvery, the dark markings less distinct. Length 12 iuclies.
{tludassinuH, pertaining to fid\a66(x, the sea.)

(Hulitlnu thalaggintig, Holbrook, Tclith. South (J.irolina, 132, pi. 18, lig. 2, 1859, Charles-
ton, South Carolina; Gi'NTHEU, (.'at., il, .'(08.
Oynoscion thalansinii.i. Johdan &. (liuiEUT, Synoimin. .'iSl.
CcBtreuH regalia thalassinut, JonrjAN & Kkienmann, I. c. 366.

1782. nXOSnON RKTICIILATUS (Giinther).

(CORVINA. )

Head 3^; depth 4|. D. X-I, 28; A. II, !); scales 9-60-15. Body (oni-
paratively deej) and compressed; head somewhat conical, the snout nut

Jordan and livcrmanu. — Fishes of North America, 1400

vtrv sliiirp, "^I'i in lion*l; maxillary exteiidinji to below posterior margin of
imiiil. -I '" lieatl; ey«^ 7 in li«a«l; gill rakors nhortish, 3+7; ventralH 1^ in
p, inriilH; Hoft rays of dorsal and anal scal»>lo88; pectorals about Iji in
len"tli of head; highest dorsal spino about 'i\ in head; caudal double
tiimdito. Color K''*y''»'* silvery; back and sides covered with dark-brown
Hiiraks uiid reticulations, which obscure the ground color, uspcoially above
the Literal line; lateral lino in a ]iale streak, bordered above and below
liv ;i <larker one; lower parts silvery; fins unspotted; caudal yellowish
oranui" insitleof mouth deeji orange yellow. Length .^ feet. Pacific coast
ol'liopical America, Maxatlan to Pan<auia; a conunon food-lish on the west
roasi (if Mexico, (reticulatits, netted.)

(Hitliilt'ii riticiilaliis. OrNTHEH, I'roc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 149, San Josfi de Guatemala,
Cluapas ; Gi'NTHEB, Fislies (.'fntral Aniericii, 387, 388, iiiid 430, 1809.

r,/,i,*i'.u irticiilatiim, JonitAS &. (iJUIeut, I'roc. U. S. Nut. Mu8. 1881,232; ,Tohdan &-
(lii.uKur, Hull. T. S. Kisli Coinin. 1881, 319.

(■extni'i rcticulalut, Johuan & Kioexjian.v, I.e., 3^8, 1889.

1788. «;YX0S«"I0\ .\EBI;LOSI;s (Cuvior .V VulencionnoH).
(Spotted Weakfisu; Spotted "Ska TRorT.")

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Head "1 ; depth H; eye small, 0 to 7 in head. 1). X-I, 2.5 to 27; A. II,
1(1; scales 10-70 to 7r)-ll. Body rather eloug.ate, compre.ssed; snout long,
aciitf. '.Vi in head; lower pharyngeals narrow, each with 7 or 8 series of
short teeth, the inner enlarged. (Jill rakers short and thick, not longer
than iiiipil, about 4+7 in number; maxillary reaching to posterior edge of
eve; canines strong; maxillary, preorbital, and lower jaw naked; longest
dorsal spine not quite | the length of the head; pectorals short, not
reaching tips of ventrals, 2^ in head; caudal lunate; soft rays of dorsal
anil anal scaleless. Bright silvery, darker above; back posteriorly with
nnnicrons round black spots as large as the pupil; both caudal and dorsal
tins marked with similar, somewhat smaller spots, much as in a trout;
anal tlusky. South Atlantic and (lulf Coast of the United States, New
York to Texas; a most excellent food-fish, everywhere common on our
Southern coast; rare north of Virginia. The northenunost locality from
which wo have examined specimens is IJeesley Point, New Jersey. (» ebu-
InsiiK, clouded.)

Ltihnit Kqiieteagiie var. maculatus, Mitcuii^l, Trjins. Lit. and riiil. .Soc. 181.'>, 396, New

York ; not Lahrus maculatiig, 15LOCII.
Otohthui nebiiloius, CcviER &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., v, 79, 1830, locality

iiiikiiowu.
Otolith itt caroUnentit, Ccviek &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 475, 1833, South

Carolina; GCntker, Cat., ii, 306, 1860.
otolithtis drumntondi, Richardson, Fanna IJor.-Am., Fish., 70, 1836, New Orleans;

(JiUARL-, IT. S. and Mex. Bound. Survny, Zool., 12, pi. 6, 1859; GOnther, Cat., ii, 307, 1800.
Vestreus carolineuiit, Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 49, 1854.
Cimoseion caroUnensig, .Jordan &•. Gilbkrt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1878. 377.
('limitcioit maeulalum, Jordan & Gilrebt, Pro<'. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 285; .Jordan &.

Gn.HKUT, Synopsis, 581, 1883 ; .Jordan \- Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 233.
Cestrent nebnloami, JORDAN &. Eiqenmann, I. c, 368, 1889.

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17H4. ('Y\ON(!ION PARVIPI^TNIK, Ayr«8.

(CALIFOHNIA " I5U'KFI8I1. ')

Hoad 3A ; depth \\. D. X-I, 22 or 23; A. II, 10; scales 13-75 (pons . 1 1,
about i)r> in ii lon<ritudinaI Horien; eye (i in bead ; hi<;lie8t <lorHaI spiiio l" ;
pectoral 2J; veutrals 2. Body elongate, Hhaped much as in the weakiisli;
niaxilliiry extending heyond pupil, 2,1 in head; cii nine large, iiHually Inn
a Hingle on«t preHent; Hnout rath<>r nharp, 4 in head; gill rakers slioriisli
4 + 7; pharyngeals narrow, their teeth snwill, rardiforni, the inner mios
somewhat enlarged; soft rays of dorsal and aiuil scaleless; caudal I'm
somewhat Innate in the adult, the middle rays shortest, although more
or less produced in the young; pectoral fin short, not reaching ti|)> oi'
ventrals. Color clear steel bine above, without stripes or spots; sihcrv
below; a narrow dusky shade along the sides below the lateral line; axil
dusky ; lower lins yellowish, with dnskyshading; u]>per tins dark ; sccuid
dorsal dark edgfd. Pacific coast of North America from Hanfa Hailiara
Islands to Guaymas and Ma/atlan; <'o>nmon along the coasts of sontliurn
California as far north as Han Pedro. It is an excellent food-fish, not infe-
rior to its relative, the weakfish of the Atlantic coast. As in the cas(! of
the latter species, the llesh of Ci/nosoion parvipinniH is soft, and tliu lisii
does not bear transportatiini well, (parvus, small; pinna, lin.)

OynoMcion parvipinnin, Ayrks, Proc. (Jul. Ac. Sci. 1861, 150, coast of Lower California.
i)tolithv$ maijdalenff* Steindaciineu, Iclitli. Boit., ni, 34, 1875, Magdalena Bay, Lower

California.
Gyno»eion parviiyinne, ^(^Ta^\^ A (iiuimiT, Pro(^ U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880,456; Jordan .v

(iii.iiKRT, Synopsis, 580, lS8;t.
Veatreun parvipinnU, Jordan Jc Kkienmann, I. c, 309, 1889.

17Sr>. TYXOSCIOX XAMHIILIIS, Jordan & Oilbert.

(CORVINA DE LAS ALETAS AMARILLAS.)

Head 3^t; depth 4^. D. IX-1, 20; A. II, 8. Scales 12-66 (pores) -x, 86 rows
of scales. Head rather long, compressed and pointed; maxillary a little
less than \ head, reaching just past eye; lateral line becoming strni<rht
opposite the vent; body rather slender, compressed; (n'e large, 6 in Iicad;
premaxillaries in front entirely below eye; canines small, 2 usually pres-
ent; gill rakers short and thick, not longer than pupil, 6 to 8 on lower
limb of arch ; longest dorsal spine 2;^ in head ; longest soft ray 2% ; middle
rays of caudal considerably produced, 1^ in head; anal spine rather smull
and stout; ventrals little more than 2 in head; pectoral fins reacliini;
nearly or quite to the tips of ventrals, their length If in head. Scales
smaller than in related species. Color bluish above, silvery below ; upper
parts and especially the middle of the sides punctate with dark points;
upper fins dark, their margins dusky, lining of opercle black; inside of
mouth bright yellow in life. Caudal yellow. Length 3 feet. Pacific coast

*The types of OtoUthxm uiagdalence, from Magdalena Bay, are preserved in tbe museum
at Cambfidge.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1411

lit Mexico, nut nire about Mii/atlan; a i'ood-iiHh of soiiio importiinco.
( -(tt'Odi, yellow; uvXov, Biiigiilar of ovAn, the gniiiH. )

Ciiioncion xanthvliim, Jordan & GH.nERT, Proc. IT. S. Nut. Muh. 1H81, 4C(), Mazatlan
iTyi"'. N<»-28109. Coll.iJllbort) ; Jokkan & (Jii.iiKUT, Hull. IT. S. Fi8h (Nuiiiii. 1882, 107.
( VW ;•(•(».'( Jrtn</»«JMm,JOKl>AN A: KloKNMANN, /. c, 369, 1889.

17M0. (YiVONCIOX ALBUS ((Wintliur).

li.-ad :H; tlepth I to 4^. D. X-I, L>1 ; A. II, 9; scales 8-03 (por«s)-18, «Jo
Hoi'ioH of BcalcK. Mead large, bliintiHh, the snout Hhortur tliiin in ('.
Hioh-inaniii, 4 to 4^ in lica«l; eye 6|; maxillary nearly \ Lead, reach-
in.' woll paHt eye; gill rakers :| oye, about 4-j-S. Body rather robust;
Ifttnal Hue becoming straight at a point well in advance of vent; dorsal
Mitiiies slender, the longest 2A in head; soft rays of dorsal and anal scale-
Ichh; caudal d<mble truncate, the middle rays longer than the head without
8ni>ut; pectorals nearly reaching tips of ventrals, more than i length of
ho.iil; second anal spii e evident. Color white, somewhat bluish above,
witliout markings. Pacitic coast of tropical America, not rare at Panama.
lAki' th« others of the genus, it is a food-fish of imi>ortauce. This species
in il(i«e to CynoBcion xanlhulua, but the scales are larger, {albua, white.)

(Holilhiii albua, OUntheb, Proc. Z<k)1. See. Loiid. 1864, 140, Chiapas; Panama; OCntheu,
IMshua (Central America, 387 ond 423, 1869 ; Stkinuachner, Ncno u. Selteno Fischc k. k.
/ool. Mns. Wien, 36, 1879.

(HolitliuH eayennengi», Vaillant & Bocoubt, Miss. S<i. :Mexi<]ue, I'oisH., 156, 1874;
,s)ic,riiiien from La Union ; not cayinnentit, I.A<'fii'fil)E.

i'liiii'iiewH album, Jokdan & (Mlbeut, Hull. U. S. Finli. Conini. 1881, 319.

Cfstii'iis albun, Jobdan &■ Eioenmann, I. c, 370, 1889.

17K7. <:YN0N<:I0N MA<'D4»NALI>I, (.illtert.
(Totuava.)

Head 3?; depth 4; eye 5J in head (in young), 12 (in adult); snout 4?.
1). IX-I, 24; A. II, 7; scales 13-85 to 90-22, 50 to 55 pores. Snout sharp;
lower .jaw protruding, mouth moderate, somewhat obli<]ue, the maxillary
reacliiug vertical from middle of orbit, 2f to 2^ in head. No enlarged
caiiint'S on either .jaw; teeth in front of prcmaxillarics mainly in 2
•listinct rows, uniting laterally to form a narrow band, the inner row
composed of smaller teeth directed downward and backward, the outer
series of stronger conical teeth, a few scattering toeth b«'tween the 2
rows; teeth in the lower jaw in a narrow, irregular double series. Eye
Hiiiiill. Both vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle minutely serru-
late, entire in the adult; opercle ending in a flattened process showing
2 sliort spinous points, emarginato behind in the adult, without evident
spinous points; gill rakers about diameter of pupil, strong, toothed, 1 or
2 aliovo angle, 9 or 10 below. Scales very strongly ctenoid, becoming
greatly reduced on nape, about 25 to 40 transverse series between occiput
and front of dorsal ; a narrow, definite, scaly sheath at base of dorsal and
anal, these fins otherwise naked; caudal scaled for a short distance on
basai portion; scales above lateral line rapidly increasing in size back-
wards, 13 in a transverse series between lateral line and frout of dorsal;

I . '-\

-vi

■ I'-'-;

': ,'J '•

A

Hi':

1412 DuUetin 47, United Siatis National Museum.

dornal apiues l<»w uiid weak, iliu rays not high, the htugest 3^ in head ;
Horond nnul npine Hlendrr hut not ll«-xi)>lo, itH Im^th 1^ in Hof't i'a\.;
i-audal donhle truncate, tlio median rayH niuoh produced, equaling IuiimH,
of head hehind snout in the adult aa usual, shorter, gently rounded;
ventrals 15^ in head; pectoralH in the young short, scarcely reaching ti|.s
of ventrals, H in head, in the adult long and falcate, reaching nun h
heyond ventrals. Ccdor, young: Dusky silvery, with coarse hluck hpocKh
along lower part of head aud sides; upper half of sides with niiiny iritM.
ular blackish spots or hlotches, showing little or no tendency to foini
streaks; dorsals dusky, the basal portion with snuUl black H])ota; otln r
tins blackish; the caudal lighter at base; mouth white within; lining oi'
gill cavity black, becoming y«'llow on lining of branchiostegalmcuibraniH.
In adult, bluish above, dusky silvery on sides and below ; no evident black
spots or blotches on body or flus; vertical fina blackish, paired fins dusky.
Gulf of California; largest of its genus; a huge food-fish, very abundant
along the entire eastern shore of the gulf and congregating in gnat
numbers near the mouth of the Colorado River. It enters the river
and ia found feeding in shallow water near the shore, where it is easily
approached and speared. It does not seem to be known at La Paz, and
was not seen by ua on the western aide of the gulf. Many specimens were
taken by hand lines at the head of the gulf, the largest weighing 172
pounds. Largo specimens were also seen at Guaymas and at the moiitli
of the Rio del Fuerte. At Guaymas it is said to be a winter visitant,
unknown during the summer months. (Gilbert.) (Named for Hon. Mar-
shall McDonald, then U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries.)

Cynosdon macdonaltH, GiLUEKT, Prod' S.Nat. Mas. 1890,64, head of Gulf of California.
(Coll. Gilbert.)

17S8. TYNOSCION STOLZMANJTI (Stoindacliner).

Head 3| ; depth ii.. D. IX-I, 21; A. II, 9; scales 10-73-10,-60 pores.
Pectoral tins short, reaching little past middle of ventrals, their length not
more than ^ head; body elongate, somewhat compressed; mouth obli(|no;
maxillary 2,'; in head, extending to posterior margin of pupil ; snout rather
sharp, 4 in head; canines rather small; gill rakers shortish, 4 -f- 7 ; body
comparatively slender and elongate; scales rather large, all stronj^ly
ctenoid; dorsal and anal scaleleas; lateral line becoming straight just
before front of second dorsal ; longest dorsal spines 2^^ in head ; soft dorsal
slightly falcate, the first rays about 2 in head; caudal large and broad,
double truncate; ventrals IJ in head. Color steel bluish above, lower
parts silvery; no distinct markings. Pacific coast of tropical Ameriea;
Panama to Peru, not rare about Panama. (Named for its discoverer,
Stol/mann.)

Otolithim atolzmanni, Steindachnku, None u. Selteiie FiBclie k. k. Zool. Mus. Wieii ISTO,

35, pi. 2, fig. 1, Tumbez, Peru.
Cynotcion stolzmanni, Joudan & (iii.nERT, Hull. V. H. Fish Coiuin. 188J, 320.
Oestreus ttolzmanni, Jordan &. Eiuenmann, I. c, 370, 1889.

It h:.

Jordan and Evcrinann, — Fishes of North America. 1 MiJ

SubgenuB ATRACTOSCION, (iill.
|;hO. CYNOM U»> NOHIIJM (A.vnm).

< "WlMTK HKA UaHH" (ir CAI.irollNIA.)

lU'ftd :V!; 'leptli l. I>. X-I, l,'l to 23; A. \l, !•; bciiIoh 12-88-14, poroH 70
til s(i. Huiul pointixl, Hiilironiral, littlo (MiiiipruHHod ; prutilu rathor Htee|>;
Hiioiit Hliarp, ratliur long, 'XI in lioutl; maxillary ('xteiuliii); beyond pupil,
anteriorly on a lovel with tlu lowrr niarKin of tlio pupil, 2^ in bead;
caiiiiii'S Niiiiill, becoiiiin^ obHoiotu with ajr»; lateral toetb of lower Jaw not
iniicli t!iilar<;od; pliaryM<;eal8 lon^ and Hloiider, with \ Heries of teeth, the
iniiir HorieM several times lar)i;er than the rest; ;rill rakers short, 2-f-V;
sillies very small, those on head little etnbedded and less silvery than in
icl:itril Kpecies; maxillary with a few embedded scales; scales on snout
niiinin;; to its tip; caudal lunate, its middle rays less than A length of
I,, -III; iHith anal spines evident, the second about i length of the rays;
iii'i'iiii'ill tins rather long, nu)re than \ head; soft dorsal and anal scalelcss.
(joliii- l)luish, little silvery; everywhere punctulate; young with W or 4
ilistini't dusky cross bars; axil and tins dusky; a dusky Vdotch at base of
|u-i'iiira1, extending on whole inner face of the fin; scales of side of head
not silvery. Coast of California, north to San Francisco, occasionally
straying farther; a specimen once taken near Victoria by Mr. Ashdown
(irocii. A most valuable food-tiah, reaching a weight of 80 pounds or
more, its flesh firm and rich. The banded young (californienHiH) are «iuite
ililViTCht in appearance and are taken for a distinct species by fishermen
as they have been by Steindachner. {nobilia, noble.)

.hiliinii.i nobilis, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1860, 78, San Francisco. (Coll. AyroH.)
Dliitiihun talifomicn$i8, Steindach.ver, Ichtli. Koitr., ui, 31, ISTrt, San Diego, Cali-
fornia, and Magdalena Bay, Lower California ; v<>un£ with diirk baiidH.
CiiiKini-ion iwbiliii, Jordan & Gilbert, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mub. 1880, 456.
Atidctiinciim nnbilh, JORDAN <Xr Gn.iiERT, SynopHis, 579 and 933, 1883.
Cestrviit )iobUis, Jordan & Eioenmann, I. c, 370, 1889.

It

; i

17»«. <:Y>0.SCI0N PHOXOt'KPHALUS, Jordan &(iilbert.

Head 3i ; depth 4^ to 4? ; eye li in head. D. IX-1, 21 ; A. Ill, 10 ; scales
IT-llO-l"), pores about 80. Body not very elongate, fusiform, little com-
])rcssed, the greatest thickness nearly :} the greatest depth ; back s<-arcely
elevated nor compressed, the profile from th'5 snout to the front of the dor-
sal nearly straight; head conical, little compressed, pointed in profile, taper-
ing with much regularity toward the tip of the projecting lower jaw;
lfiii},'th of mandible more than A that of head ; mouth large, very oblique,
tiie i)reniaxillary in front on the level of the upper part of the orbit, the
liroad maxillary extending to below the posterior margin of the eye, 2 in
head. Teeth in narrow, cardiform bands in each jaw, the bands composed
of ahout 2 series in front, growing narrow laterally, and finally forming
a 8in<;le series; teeth subeciual, with the exception of about 2 pairs in the
front of th<' upper jaw. the jiosterior pair being developed as small
cauines directed inward and backward; canines proportionately larger

,jj.:

i:;i

! «1,

! M

I.

i:^

1414 Dullctiu ./7, United Stales National Museum.

k

i.

ill tlio Hiiialler Hjtocimciia than in the lulult, but in all tbcy am Bniallta- 1 lutn
iH UKiial in Cj/iioacion. I'lyo latlior Huiall, a little Ichh than A the lcu};tli of
thtt Hiioiit, a little nioru than A the breadth of the ovenly convex iiiU;r-
o;-bital space, which in 3ji in head. Gill rakers 3 -(- <>> thickish, and v.'iy
Hh<»rt, 8hi)rt«T than the pupil; itHuudobranohia* quite small. ScultH of
lower part of cheeks cnlarg<'d, embedded, covered with a silvery skin;
scales above eyes, on nape and on border of proopercle much reduced in
si/e; prcopen-le, as in all species of this ^renus, entire, with a broad niiin-
branaceous border ; scales on body small and smooth; lateral lino scare ly
iirched in front, becoming straight opjxisito front of anal. Dorsal lins
entirely separate, the spines of the tirst dorsal slender; second Hiiinc
shorter than third or fourth, which are considerably elevated, 1, in
'ength of head in young, 2\ iu the adult; soft dorsal wholly scaleli ss;
second dorsal of moderate height, enveloped in lax, scalclesg skin, wliidi
is thickened at the base of the Hn; longest rays a little more tlitin .;
length of head; anal rather long and low, its longest rays about e(|Uiil to
the length of the base, and a little more than ^ length of hea«l ; anal sjiiniH
very small and weak, wholly enveloped in the skin and not visible; iina!
tin nearly coterminous with the dorsal, its rays similarly enveloped in
loose skin ; caudal tin moderate, thickish and scaly at base, lunate, its IoImh
equal, the middle rays Irl in length of head; ventrals short, about .V leiiHtli
of head, reaching about ^ the distance to the vent; pectorals short, nui
reaching tips of ventrals, 2 in head; distance from vent to base of caiKl.ii
about^' its distance fromsnout. Colorinlife,darkabove withstronglni^^lit
rellections of purplish-brown ; silvery below, the lower part of the cmidjil
peduncle golden yellow ; middle of sides noticeably punctulate with brown
dots; inside of month deej) orange yellow; lining of opercle black; doisnl
and caudal fins dusky whitish, with more or less of dark edging; lower
rays of caudal yellowish; tins otherwise translucent, unmarked; axil of
pectoral light yellowish above; the silvery color of the sides of the licinl
and the bright rellections on its iipper surface very conspicuous, more ho
than in any other species of the genus. Length 2 feet; a neat and wtll-
marked species. I'acitic coast of Central America; not rare at Panama.
{if)u^('}?, tapering; fir^ltaXt}, head.)

Ci/noMcion plwxveephahim, Jokdan «fc GiLliBKT, Bull. U. S. FihIi Couiiu. 1881, 318, Panama.

(TyiH), Js'o. 2!»296, lOJ iuchen lonf,'. Coll. C. H.(Jilbeit.)
Ve«treu« phoxocephalug, Jordan &. Kigenmann, I. c, 371, 1889.

17»1. «;¥N08(;iON LKIALCIIVS (Cuvier & Valoiicii-nnes).

Head 3.J ; depth H. D. IX-I, 21 to 23; A. II, 10; scales 13-90-i;{, al I

80 <li8tinct pores. Soft dorsal tin with its lower portion covered with .sniaii
caducous scales. Body compressed; head conic, more compressed tlian
iu C. phoxocephahta : eye moderate, 5 to 6 iu head; maxillary reii<liini;
nearly to posterior margin of orbit, 2^ iu head; lower jaw much project-
ing; upper teeth mostly biserial; canines small, both of them present;
lateral teeth of lower jaw small; gill rakers short and slender, 2-f7;
scales small, chiefly cycloid, those on sides of head bright silvery; lateral
line becoming straight above front of anal ; soft dorsal and anal scaleiess;

!! 1

-<i:,,:

Ionian and Evcrniann. — Fishis of North Amirka. 14 IT*

eiiiulil liii Hiilitriiiu'iito; p<>ctorul liim iiioili rate, 2 in head; rniidal woakly
iliiiililc tniiiciito. CoiiHt uf lira/il aiitl (iiiiiiiiii, proltalily not rare. More
,1,'si lilietl iniiu HiMU'inioiiH IVoni Rio .Inuoiio, Tortu Alogiu, Italiia, and
Sanies. (Af/os, Biuooth;" <i/J^(>?, unua.)

(H„l,il''iil'iiir<-hiiii, CuviKUiV Vai.kniIKNNKs. IliHt. Nat. l'oi«n., v,7H, I8;i0, Brazil; Cayenne;
1,1 MIIKII, <'at., II, :iU8, IHtU); JdltDAN, I'riHI. U.S. Nitl. MllH. IMHt), ,"140; lltilK on t.V|i«ol'
ClMEK \- VaI.B.NCHONNKH.

(,.,(,. I-.V liidrehnii, JoRUAN \- Kkikn.MANN, /. c, :i71, 1H81>.

17»'J. CVN'OSMON VIKENn':.>H«'iivioi .V VmIkui'Ikiuiuh).

lii'iiil :i.i ; doptli 5 to 5i. I). -I, 28; A. II, 8; H<aIeM 80 (porus), 125 to
i;(0 I iiisH HoriuH. Uody lon^ uud low, Hpindlu-Hliapud, tlio head blender,
miMniiitate, depressed above, tbruu-d lunch as in h'aclniventron ittutidiim;
iirotilf from snont to dorsal weakly concave snont lonj;, rather pointed,
t in luiid ; nuintii large, little oblique, the lower Jaw 8tron;;ly projecting
the III iNiUary 2:{ in head; «anine teeth 2, nhort and thirk; lateral teeth
inodi'i'it*', I'lose-set; eye Hniall, 8A in head; interorbital 8])ae«< llattiHh, 4J
ill lieail : gill rakors short and thit-kish, 8 below angle of arch, the longent
; eyt>; Hcab'S on head very small and silvery; soft dorsal wholly naked,
;i tew scale.s on anal; caudal S-shaped, the middle rays longest; pectoral
rathir long, li in head. Color plain greenish, silvery below; gill cavity
dusk.\ within. CoastsofCJuianaand Brazil, rather scarce. Here described
tVoiii a specimen 18 inclias long from Victoria, Hrazil. (virvacciia, growing
j;ivcn. )

(ihlithiif virrieenn, Ci'V'KR & Vai.enciknnks, Hist. N'nt. PoIbh., v, 72, IH.'IO, Surinam.
(iiiillihii^ iiiicroiiii, Stkin'iachnkii, \»)ue KiHcli-Artcii k. k. Muueou Wiuu, Stuttpirt iind
Will H. luiii, 38, pi. 8, flg. 2, 1870, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

4.1

17»». CYXOSCION NICItOliKPIDOTlIK (Cuvior \ Vulondmmes).

Head;!:;; depth 4J; snont 4 in head; eye large, 4J; interorbital space
M ill lioad. D. XI-I, 2H; A, II, J); scales 70 (pores), l.'w to 160 in a longi-
tuilinal series. Hody moderately elongate, covered with very small scales ;
fldl't dorsal and anal clo.sely scaly throughout; maxillary extending be-
youdoyc; lower jaw projecting; teeth moderate; <'anines rather strong;
latiial teeth of lower jaw not «'aiiine-like; gill rakers not described, prob-
aliiy as in rireaceiiH. Dorsal spine sh-nder, the longe.st 2i in head; i)e<'to-
lal sliiiiitly longer than ventral, which is slightly more than I head;
caudal lin S-shaped ; lateral line beccmiing straight above anal. Colora-
tion plain gn'cnish, silvery below. Coast of Ura/il and Guiana, not com-
mon. (.Stciudaohner. ) (///;<^joc;, small; Af;r/5Gjro?, scaled.)

DMitliic^ iincrolfi)id(>ti(», CrviKU it VALENriKNNEs, Hist. Nut. I'oi.sa., v, 79, 18:i0, Suri-
nam; (iixTHKii, Cat., II, 311; Steinuachnek, Neue uml Scltouc FiscLo k. k. Zool.
Mils. Wieii, 39, 1879.

Cfstreim microlepidotut, JOKDAN & ElOEN.MANN, i.e., 371.

' In the ilriod akiu of the type, a youug uxainplo. in tlio inustMim at Paris, the absuucu of
till' anal .s|iiiit) ("leiarcbus") is due to its being covered by vuruish.

! ,;l

11

14 Hi liullitni /7, Ihiitcd States Naliomxl Museum,

m

Wif-X

IN
|itl\

i; L'

573. SAQENICHTHYS. Hrrj?.

.ineiilodnn ((.'I'VIKH) Okoii. ImIh, 1181!, IH17 {jnculideni anriilodon) ; uotAnci/lodun II

IHII, a ;{«iiuN ot'iiiiiiiniiiilH,
Siiji»nifhthyii, ItKlui, Ann, Muh, Niic, Kuttntm AiruH IHUS, r<2 (aH(V/I("'on).

TliiH gfliiiiH iH rloHi' to CiiHOMCHon, tWtYvi'iuK iiiainl,v in thu tbriii oi
ouiiinoH, whirh arc laii(;r-Hlia|M-il, widom-d toward tlitt tip, thun iilmi
iiari'owrd ; lateral tuutli lar^i-r than in CifHOHvioii, iSoiith Aniuriiin
H|»iM!ieN known, {aayifi'ii, Hcino or n«»t; ix'"'it '"^I't f''*»i» tiio .S|p;i
naniu IN-HuailiUo il«;l l{t d, the nioHt valuable HhIi nuttod in Uruguay, >

i;U4. NA4JK.\inri'IIVK ,\.>(:VL0IM».\ (lllock\ Svknt>ia«r).

(I'KHCADII.LO DKI. ItBD.)

HimdSi; depth 1; oyo «i,J in iitad. 1). IX-I, 27 or 28; A. II, 10; >v»ln
75 (pdi't's), H5 rowH. Body oltlonjj;, nuMlcratfly <M)nipi'(>HHed, thu ^n iitTal
i'oiin of Hpf(;iuH o{ CynoHcion] mouth oblique, thtt lower jaw proji itin^r;
maxillary moderato, 2^ iu head; Huout rather pointed, U in head; jiicoi.
Iiital narrow; lar^e eanine of upper jaw very lonjj, lance-shapt'tl, i.e.,
widened toward the tip and then abruptly pointed; about 2 oaMincH in
front of lower jaw on each Hide, alno lance-Hhaped, but much siMiillci;
outer teeth of upper jaw enlarged and showing something of the .sinno
form; enlarged lateral t«>eth of lower jaw compressed; gill rakers niod-
erate, slender, 3-f H, the longest a eye; caudal tin rhombic; spinoii.s (loiNal
very weak; soft dorsal and anal scaly; pectoral V, in head; lateral liiic
becoming straight before vent. CJolor bluish above, silvery below, sonic.
times with dark streaks along the rows of scales; (caudal lobe diirkur,
sometimes black. Length 15 inches. Handy coast of tropical Anu'ricii,
Itoth Pacilic and Atlantic; common from Guiana s(Mithward to l'rii<>;ti,'iy
and Ai'gentine ; also common about Panama; a most excellent rooii-lisii.
Here described from a specimen from Hio Grande do Sul. .Specimens tVoiii
I'aminia agree in every respect. If any difference exists it must bo soiijjlit
in companion of specimens iu good condition. {(lyHvXoi;, hooked; nSuh
tooth. )

fjonchuruH aneylodon. Hloch & .Sciineideu, SjHt. lotitli., 102, pl. ?.5, 1801., Surinam.
Anei.ilmUin jaeulidvuH. CuviKit &, Valenciennes, HiHt, Nat. I'oihh., v, 81, IWlii, Cayenne;

OOntiiek, Cat. Fish., 11, .111, I860; Jordan &. (Iilbebt, Bull. U. S. Fmii Co 1.

1882, 111.
Aneylodon anciilodon. JouiMN iV: Eioen.MANN, {. c, :i73, 1880.
Haijenivhthyt aneylodon, Ubro, Ann. Mus. Buen. Aires 1805, .Vi.

574. NEBRIS, Cuvier tfe Valenciennes.

Xebriii, CuviEU & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 140, 1830 (//i(croj>«).

Body rather elongate, tapering backward; skull excessively cavcnious,
soft and spongy to the touch, the interorbital space very broad; iiioiitli
large, the lower jaw projecting; teeth subequal, in narrow bauds; eye
very small; preopercle with a broad membranaceous border, which is stri-
ated and fringed; preorbital narrow and Hat; slits and pores of upper jaw

m

.;:i.»

„l

/of (fan and I'.verniann. — /'isfics of !\\>rth .Innriia, 1417

littli' conHplrnoiiN; vertobrn- 10-|-ll; jjiH I'liUorH loii); niul Hleiuler, Hnilon
siii.i i: |)scti<loliriiiii'liiii« prrHoiit. Air Miulder witli '2 horns. Soft iloraal
iiiid iiial lonKund Hcaly , HpiiwH of liiiH woiik. Lowrr pliiiryii^^eiils niirruw,
M'liMiiitr. Two HpocieH; Hiiiftnlur-lookiii^ I'ihIiks ulliuU to Cynom'ton, hut

vvciiklv urinud. {Xehria, iiii old iiuiiio of hoiiio tiah.)

II. Sr.ilrH lllmvr littiTul lino 80, jiorcH TiO.
(III. SciilvM aliuvr latcriil liii« I In, imhch ns.

MICKoi'H, 179S.
ZKMir.-, 17U»1.

1796. M-IIIKIK MintOPN, Ciivicr .\ Valrnririin.m.

Ilciid .'{; depth 1^; <>yo iniiiiit<>, {)\ in hoad, '2\ in Nnoiit, I in intt-rorhitul
iiriM, M '" wi<lthot'niaxinury, which is v«ry l»road. 1). VIII-I,;!'; A. II,
III; HralcH 18-85-18, 50 poros.

Iloilv ])lunip, anteriorly tafiorinf; to thu Hlnidcr rautlal pudunclu; profilo
stniiulit, ht'iid hroad, heavy, extrenudy spoiijuy above; month very large,
(,lili(iuo ; lower Jaw pr(»jertinjj, preniaxillary imleriorly on a level with tho
luidilli of the eye; maxillary extondin); to hclowpoHterionnarKinof urliit,
:>\ ill head; teeth all minute, tho.>>e of the lower Jaw in a ai'igle series,
tli()st> in the upper Jaw in a l>anil which wideuH backward; tongue large
anil tliiiU ; head entirely scaly; margin of the preopcrcle indistinct, with
II very wide membranaceous edge, which is ntMirly covered with scales ; gill
rakers long and slender, 5-|-15; scales small, cycloid; lateral line little
arclioil; the bases, at least of all the soft tins, densely covered with small
srftlcs; dorsal spines feeble, shorter than the dorsal raya; caudal lanceo-
late; iioctorals 1! in head; veiitra'.s lii. Color silvery, darker above; poc-
toniN dusky <m their inner margin. Atlantic coiist of northern South
Ameriia, Guiana and Bra/.il, on sandy shores. ( fUHpo^, snuiU ; u)i(), eye.)

Sihrin inii'roi>$, CcviBK \- Vai.enciennkh, Hist. Nat. PoIhh., v, 149, pi. 112, 1830, Surinam ;

(liMHKK, Cllt.,II, 316, 1800; STKINDACIINKK, Irlltll. Heitr., IV. 1(1, 1S7.'); JoUIMN it (III,-
HEUl, Hull. U. S. Fish. Coiuni. 1882, 111 ; JoKDA.N \ El((E.VMAN.\, I. c, 374.

17UM. NKBBIS ZKSTUS, Jurduu & Stark.s, now Hpuckm.

Ileadll^; depth 4 J. D. VI to VIII, 28 to 31; A. II, 12; eye 10 in head;
snout 1; maxillary 2,!,; highest dorsal spine H; pi^otoral at least l.l ; ven-
tral 2; scales 20-110-20 ; lateral line with about 55 pores. Body scarcely
('oni|in'Hscd, the dorsal and ventral outlines about e([ual and uniform.
Iluad largj; anterior profile more or less decurved over snout, thence
j;ciitly ciirvod to dorsal; snout blunt, the nostrils close together and close
to eye; mouth large, very oblicjue, the Jaws about etiual; maxillary very
liroad. tniucate behind, reaching to posterior margin of eye; teeth villi-
t'orm in several series in upper jaw, in 1 in lower, all pointed and curved
inward; tongue large and thick; gill rakers sle '3r, the longest a little
ion^'cr than eye, 6 4-12 in number; a short slit behind last gill arch;
pseudoliranchiie very small. Head entirely scaled; scales on head larger
tliau on body ; margin of jjroopercle indistinct, with a wide membranaceous
viae; scales along lateral lino running to end of caudal rays, nearly twice
ii8 larj^c as those on the rest of body. iSpines of dorsal very feeble and
covered with small scales, the third spine highest, slightly highev than
3();{0 12

i

ins llulhliti fj, nniti'ii Slali's NalionnI Museum.

1 1

I

m

i

■ol't rayH; (inal ninl rtorsnl rliwoly Hntind ; niiitl npinPN Hrnrcely «l ^ijn
jriilHlitililn. I't'i'toralN loii^, 1 1 in IkmkI, rniichiii)( iiiiicli iMtyoiid v<'|i>i;i|n;
voiitnilH iimnrtiMl Im>Io>v bii ;«« ut' |MM'torulH, 11 in lioiiil; niutlal doiiMr trnn.
«iitt>, tlio iiiiddlt^ ra\H \\,\\\ liciul. (Jolorutioii piUo. I.oii^tli I rout y^x w
littlo nioro. Simtly NlioniNiilxiiit I'liniiiiiii, .'iith<>r rDinnioii. Ihtro (li*Hrii|)|.,|
IVoiM nitiiMMuiiH H|H)riiii<MiH liruii^lit l>y Dr. <<illM>rt from rnuiiiiia. \ i ly
t'hmr to \f\w\n mhroim, th«^ NrtiloN a|i|mi'«Mitly HiiiiilltT. (I^foroe;, H'tl't Imili d
rnlVrriii^ to tin- soft, vory H|Miii}ry lioud.) (TypuH, No, l\¥,\, aiul nthcrM,
L.U.Jr. Tniv. MiiN. (U)!!. (iillMtrt.)

575. PLAQIOSCION.Oill.

/7(i>/i'>f(('iiiii. liii.l.. l'r<M'. Ac. Nat. St'i. I'liilit. IHtll.H'J (h Ki<iiui'io <l«-m-r>|iliiiii only, no sjhm Iih

or l,V|>*' \n'\n)i iliilii'iilnl.)
DifiUilfftiK, S'lKiNDAi'iiNKit, ll<'itrii;:i< /.iir Ki-iiiitiilnii dor S<^iii-iioitl<-n KrnHllioiiN l'. ix(t:i,

(Kil\iitmoi>iiii>imuH); iiiiiiio |ii'i'ii('('ii|(ii'il III l(yiii<'ii<i|il«<ni.
/7(i.(/i(i*c»«/i,.I(ilti>A.v \ KiuKN.MANN, Krvit'w Siiiiiiidii', IlgK, IHHO (/i(/i/n)»(»f<#*imi(,v)

ThJH KfMiiiH coiiHiHt.H of troHli water Hciii>uiiidH, iiiliabitiii); tli«^ rivers of
tSoiitli America, probalily tx^caHiuiially (lumrontliti); to tlio hoii. It isrIoHcIv
allicil to I'orviila and I'HeiidotofUhun, from both of whicli it in will iijs
tiiigiiiNbtMl by \\w p«>ciiliar H(|iiaiiiatioii of tb« lateral lino, a ciiiiiiii'tit
which Hii^)r(iBte<l to Dr. Steindachuer the iiaino />/y>/M/t7>i'M, thoHcah's iii'thi'
lateral lino Ikmh^ eovrred with Hnialh^r oiioh. Like niont fntNli-watir
tiHheN, the HjiecioH of I'hiqiosv'um are siibjoct to many variatioDH, cs|pi'(i;i|ty
in regard to the Hi/e of the secoml anal spine. Hut 'A or 4 <»f tlir niaiiv
nominal HpecieH Heom to be valid. We atta«*h to thin ^xouuh, with ilmibt, a
HpofMt's (hctcroh'ftiH) which we have not Heen ami which may boloiifj to
OphioKvion. (ffAa/zd?, obli<|uo; ciHi'oi', Sin(vna.)

a. Svcoiiil niiiilHpiiin xinall, Hcarccly loiit;er lliaii cyo, 4 to5| tiiiioH in loiiKtli i>r licnd.

It. Dorsal layH X-l, ;il or 32. siilTAMoMissnii s, 171)7.

hi). Dor.Hal layH X 1,'JHor'JO. HKrKiioi.Kris, 17M.

aa. .Si'i'oiid anal Hpiiit* vrry larp* ami Htroii^, 2 to3in litmil; ilorHal rayn \ I, ir.! or :i:i

SUKINA.M1I.NMS Hitfl,

1707. I'liAGIOSCION K({rANOSISSIMIIN (Uockol).

Head3ji; de])th :<.',. I). X-I, 31 or 32; A. II, 7; scales (large oiioh or
pores) U) to 'h\. Second anal spine small, scarcely longer than i-.vi', its
length 4 to 5^ in head; teeth of lower Jaw with the inner series eoii.sicler
ably enlarged; snout of moderate length, 5 in head ; eye 5A ; maxillary '2\
in head; gill rakers rather long, .r-f 12; pscudobranchii" usually snail on
one side and obsolete on tlu^ other; upper part of the preopcrcle crtnniate
on its liony margin; ]>uctoral tin short, Ij! in head; anal spine 4.^ to .~>i, itii
length subject to much variation; caudal convex; ventraL filanioiitoii.sat
tip. Lower pharyngeals narrow, armed with villiform teeth. Color sil-
very, darker above, the axil with a large black spot, liivers of (niiaiin
and Hraxil, generally common southward; no Guiana specimens hocu by
us, the specimens here described from Obidos and Coary.

Scimta giiuamosisnma, IIeokel, AnnaUiii dos Wiener MiiHoiini, n, 438, 1840, Amazon;

Steindackneu, Ik-itr. zur Kenutuiss der Fi.svh Fauna Siid-AincncaH, 3, 187!i.
fSeiieiia rubella, SfiioMHUHOK, Naturalists' Library, FiHhp.s of Guiana, ii, 111!, 1H4:!.

Rivers of Guiana. (D. IX, 34; A. II, 0; nnal spines presumably snuill.)

m

.1.1,

fonion nnif /\virmifnn. /'ishts of North . hftfttitr, I lll>

,iiiMiTriiiii'i/ii(. ('ANrKI.NM', Aiiliii. NniiN oii II.iidn iIi' IAiimi. iIii .SiiiI, riilHHiiiix. II,

|il. V, ll|{. l.iilMtnl lM.V),Kio Crixa>, Riu AruKuuy.

nliiKtiiiiiii'iiii'iii. <',\HrKi,NAt', \iiImi. Noll \ . nil Itiiri'M )lt> I Anil' r. ilu Sml, INiImm , r.* |i|. I,

liK I, IMnri, Ainii/iiii.

rinii iiioiiitdttitha. <'iii'K,' 'ri'iiiiM. Am. I'liil. MiH'. iHtlil, W2, near Haruiuuribo, Dutch

Guluna.

mil illlllUiHtifa, tJI'NTIIKIl, rHt.,11, '.'Ml, IMH)
, ml ••iiiiiiiiia. liI'MIII K.Cill., II,'JH7. IHIUI.

■I.iiiniit t'liitiiniisiniiiiiiini. (i In I'll Kit. ('ill., ii.rrjO, ImIUI.
.Inliiiin i'iiiiimii'<iniuiuii, Sri':iM>A<'IINKii, Si'lun. llrii.HJl , '.', IHIH.
liiinriunii'iiiitmuiiiiiiiiinuK, •Ihuiian \ KinKN.MAMNif, ('...'IhU.

i7ii». iM.ujioNnoN iiKT»;i(oi.»;nHi (iii.>..k«i).

||i>a<l '.\k to :H; tloplh 'AS to 'M, I ». X I. -JH or L'K; A. 11,7; n.iiI««m iri.
(';iiiil.'il rlioiiiWif, itH N'ti^tb ji tliat of lirail ; liuily latlirr «>loiiKal«Ml, tlix

I I iiHicli aH ill (tfihiDHviDii ifii>'n;iiH lint tlio lii-utl Iohh il<«|iri'NHUil ; |ir llitt

ili'|iii .sMutl altovu o.ve; cyii 4 in In-atl, an Ion;; j^h tho Hiioiit, which Ih latlirr
liMiu, lihritiNh lit tip; priMnliitiil ,i IimikIIi ol'ityu; iiiontli inoil«>i'ut<>, liori-
/(iiital; niiixillary tixti'inlin^; to Ixtlow iniiUlIn of oy«>, L'^ in lirati ; tortli in
iiiiiin HcriuH, ontor Huiit'H of tlio nppurjaw N«»in«)\vlnit loiiKin, tinmo of tho
liiui I J.'iw all HnlMM|ual; proop«'rclo oiitiro (in tin- li^nri'); ni-alrrt of tlio
clink cyrloiil, tliuNi) of tlio oporclo antl lioily (itnioid; Hi Ni;rii>H of NcalcH
iiliiiM-liio latorul linu, ID liolow it; NpinoiiH ilorHul littlr lon^iT tliaii hi^li,
tho .spiniH nIoikIoi*, Hcarcoly lloxiblo, tlio tliinl lon^ust, '2 in ln-a<l ; Molt dor-
Hiil ili'iiHuly Ht-aly, the hni-rfHt ray L"j in head; Hecoiiil anal Npini> Hinall,
littit* liin^tT than tho cyo, ;<<i in lusid; poctoralH \{ in hrad. C(»loi' ^rt'un-
jgli (ir blninh-Kiiiy ahovo, silvrry l)«<lo\v; tiiiH ytdlowinh. Surinam; not
siMii liy iiH, porhapH not bclonKii>K to this ^uiiiih. {tn-fjo^, ditVcrent;
,\f7rii, .scale.)

Jiiliiiiiis lieti'foli'iiiM, Jti.KKKKK. ArcliivcH NrttrlaiiiliiiNCH, vni, IHTII, l.^iH, with pliilc, Surinam.
.Seii, nil lifti'ivli'pill, .loUliAN »V KlilEN-MAN-N, /. c, lO.'i.

I ■:

179». l>LA4nOS4 IO> SIIKI\A.MK>SIS ( I'.Ioi kcr).

Iloiiil It;, ; dupth '.ij,. I>.X-I,:il tolC); A.II,(i; onlargod flciilcH in lateral
liuoMhont 50, about KM) in a loiiKitinlinal stirioH above it. Herond anal
H|iiiii' large and Htroii^, its length 2 to It in head; teetii of lower jaw with
the inner Burie.s uuHHiderably enlarged; snont very Hliort, blunt, 5.^ in head;
liead depressed above the eyes; month huge, rather oblii|iie, subinferior,
tiic iiia.villary 2^^ in head, reaching jtast eye; bai-k elevattul; ventral out-
line nearly straight; caudal peduncle slender; preorbital broad, a little
narrower than eye, which is .5,^ in head; preoperclo rounded, nearly or
ijiiite entire; teeth of outer series in upper jaw and inner series of lower

riic lollowiii^ iH tlH!.>4iilmtiiiicnol' I'rol'cusorCoiic'H dcHcriptioii of Comnii muuafantha:
FifNt viMitral ray iiruibiccU an a lilaiiicnt whicli reaclicH jiaHl the vent ; |i8(iuiloliranuliiii-
nolle; i\vfH .') ill hVai); (Icptli «<i|iial to lenj^tli of licad; |>reu|iercln Hliarp, HcrVatr; on itn
vertical luar^iii; pliar,vii};<'al patches of tenth Hiiiail, tli« teclli briHily; <:aii(lul tin hiiIi-
laiieeohitc: jioctorals as lon^ aH vcnirals witlioiil lilaiiioiitH; anal spiueH Hliort, siuglu in
tvpiciil Hpc(^inieim; color, silvery, graylsli above; no Npots. '). X-I, 33; A. 1,5. .Scales
l'u-4!t 10.

i lileckcr's figure represoutH the species as liaviii)i the pruopvrcle entire as in Johmu.i
iiud I'lajiuacivH. In other rugurds it resouibles Ophioucion.

'11

ff:;,

11

n

■■*(

■

^ri!

'1

i

1420 Bulletin //, United Slates National Museum.

notably enlarged ; doiaal npines slender, the highest 2^ in hea<l; po tor;)]
IK in head; vcntrals Ij^; scales all ctenoid. Color grayish above, silvt'iy
below; upper vertical fins punctate; lower fins yellowisJi; axil il.ak.
(>Steiudac)iuur.) Rivers of Guiana, Veuexuela, and Colombia; not seen
by us.

l'8euilo»ei(i'iia turinammtit, Iti.KKKEK, Arch. Noorl. Sci. Exact, ct Nut., viii, 187 ;, 4.,j

S'lrinam.
,Sci(ena u.aijdalena', KteiNDAcii.nkk, /ur FiHc.li-Faiiua «!«)« ^Magdiilcntai-Ktruiiu-H, (;, 1878

Magdalena Bay, Venezuela.
SciieiKt Hunnaineiirin, Stuinuaciinku, FiHch-Fauiia dtiH Caiica, 4, 1880.

576. LARIMUS, Cuvier &- Valenciennes.

Lariinvn, (Ji'ViKii &, Valenciknnks, Hist. Nat PoIhs., v, 145, 18;i0 (bfevicepn).
Amblyncinn, (Jill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 130;i, 165 {aiyentemi).
Mononra, Poey, Analos do Hist. Nat. Esp. 1881, U26 (stahli).

Hndy rather elongate, compressed; skuU firm, not greatly cavernoiiH'
interorbital space rather narrow; prcorbital fiattish, not turgid; upper
Jaw with the usual slits and pores little developed ; no barbels ; no canines;
snout very short, mouth large, terminal, very oblique or even vertical, the
lower jaw projecting; teeth minute, e(|ual, uniserial or partly bisorial
above; proopercle entire or nearly so, without bony teeth. Scales niiid-
erate, subetiual. I'seudobrauchia' well developed. Fins essentially iis in
linirdiella, the second dorsal long, the anal short, its spines modcii;: 01
small; fins not thickened by acce.s8ory scalee. (jlill rakers long and (slen-
der. Vertebra' 10+14. Silvery fishes, all American. (Larimiia, a naiiii'
used by Oppien for some fish, ''sans signification precise.")

(Amiilyscion o/it/3Aus, blunt; axiov, Sciaina.):
a. Moiitli large, tho cleft )|uite vertical; protilo slit'litly convex, nearly liorizonial; im
traces of dark Htripea along the rows of scales; maxillary not exteiuliii>; 1m ycind
anterior margin of pupil, 2 in head; snout very short, 5J in head; Vfntials a
little shorter than itectorals which are us long as head. D. X-I, '27; A. II. (i.

AlUfENTEl'S, ISOO,

Lajumi.-..
aa. Mouiii linre or loss oblique, not quite vertical ; upper parts with dark atrcaUs aloni,'
the rows of scales ; jirofile slightly convex, a little oblique; maxillari'cxli'ndinj,'
to below front of orbit, 2 in head.
b. Dorsal rays 27 to 30 ; mouth notably oblique.

c. l'i)pi)»" parts silvery, without dark streaks or cross bands; pc^ctoials loiii;
and narrow, j'„ longer than head. D. X-I, 28 to 30.

EKFULlil'-.NS, l«ll.

ce. Upjier parts with distinct dark streaks along the rows of scales.

(/. Second anal spine IJ to 24 in head, not reaching tips of sod rays:

darkstreaks very distinct; mouth less oblique; gill cavity lai').'i'ly

black. Acci.ivis, 1S02.

dif. Second anal spine Ij in hemi, reaching tips of soft rays; dark siicik.

on sides not very distinct ; mouth very oblique ; gill ca\ iiy pale.

BKEVICKI'S, I8O;;.

66. Dorsal rays 24 to 27; mouth still less oblique, the snout more convex, the jiro
tile descending forward.
e. ('olor silvery, with more or less distinct streaks along tho rows ft' scales;
no dark cross bars. \

/. Second ana! spine rather short, 3 in head; stripes very distinct ; iiec
torals IJ in head, reaching vent. D. X-I, 27; A. II, 6.

PACIFlci's, 1804.

fordan and F.vermann . — Fishes of North America. 1421

te. Co!or >»ray?.Hli, silvery, with nliont 7 dnrk vortical crosn biirH ; i-iccond nnal
Hpiiio Hliort, .'1;^ in lioitil. litMly lutuvy Ibrwnrd, iiiiicli conipresHcd,
tlie snout vory short and blunt, .'>) in head; mouth largo, lotts
obllqutt than in other spocies; ti]) of prcniaxillnry on hn-el of mid-
dle of i)ii|)il; maxillary 2 in head; t;ill raktTM cxtrouiely olonKate,
att long as eye, I'J l 24; Hocond anal spine short, | short<-r than the
lirst soft ray. D. X-I, 24 to 2(1; A. II, 5 or 0. KAScnATUH, 1805

Subgenus AMBLYSCION, (iill.

1800. liARIHIIS AUOKXTKIIS ((iill).

lloiul r!,\; depth 3; snout very short, 51 in head; cy« largo, 4^. 0. X-I,
27: A. II, (5; scales (5-49-10. Body robust, strongly <;onipressed. Mouth
larirc. 1 111! cleft vertical ; anterior profile slightly convex, nearly horizontal ;
iiiiixilliiiy not extending beyond anterior margin ol" pupil, its end wide
iind iiiincate, 2 in head; teeth all minute, in a single row in each .jaw;
preoixrcle with a striated and cilliatud membranacecus border; ;.rill rakers
3 leiifitli of eye, 7+16; scales on head all cycloid; lateral line running out
to ouil of eaudal rays; highest dorsal spine 2jt in head ; second anal spine
Htronjj. nearly as long as rays, its tip reaching to tip of last ray, its length
•l\\ veiitr::ls a little shorter than pectorals, which are about as long as
lieail. Color plumbeous above, golden below and on sides; a black axil-
lary Hpcit ; a large steel-blue oi)ercnlar spot ; no traces of dark stripes along
the rows of scales. Of sill known species of Sciainida', this one has the
ihoiitii most nearly vertical. There is, however, in its strncture nothing
to warrant its separation as a distinct genus, Amblyscion. Ma/atlan to
ranaina; locally common; a most singul.ar fish. (ar*/c»i/e««, silvery.)

Aiiilihisciiiii aryentens, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1803, 165, West coast of Central

America. (Coll. Capt. J. M. Dow.)
LariiiiiLi nnjfulnu, Jokdan & Gilbert, Bull. V. S. Fish. Connn. 1882, 110; .Fohdan &

EUiE.S.MANN, I. c, 375.

Subgenus LARIMUS.

1801. LARIMVS EFFVLflEXS, Gilbert.

nead.'!] to3,'o; depth 24 to 3. 1). XI, 28 to 30; A. II, 6; P. 10. Eye
large, '.V\ ft> H in head; interorbital space 4^ to 4i; pores of lateral line
I'J or ■)(). Mouth slightly more oblique than in L. ncclivis, much less
sdtliau in /.. argenteun. Premaxillaries anteriorly on a level with middle
of pupil (lower i»art of pupil in L. acdivia). Maxillary reaching about
vertical from front of pupil, 2\ to 2| in head. Teeth minute, close-set,
even, in a single series in each jaw, none o': ti^em enlarged. Preopercular
marjjiu nioinbranous, with ilexible ribs ending in minute spinules. (Sill
rakers very long, I diameter of orbit, 19 or 20 on horizontal limb of arch.
Dorsal .s])ines high and flexible, the first 2 not noticeably thickened;
tenth .spine shortest; soft dorsal very long, its base 2^ to 2^ in length;
tliinl dorsal spine longest, 2 to 2^ in head; the longest dorsal ray equals
length of snout and eye; second anal spine very strcmg, 2,^ in head; pec-
toral very long and narrow, /if longer than head, injured in most speci-
mens; ventrals reaching to or slightly beyond vent, 1^ in head; caudal

V - I

J.

i r|l|l ;

1422 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

(h

^1

\y;\

lanceolate, the inidtlle rjiys uiuch prodiicml, as long as bead; tul>i s of
lateral lino much briinched; definite scaly sheaths along bases of doiHal
and anal ; basal portions of moinl'ranes of vertical fins with series of s( hIih.
Hright silvery, the back grayish; lining of cheeks black, a small lilack
blotch on np))er third of axil ; ventrals, anal, and lower «-audal rays ))i i;r|it
orange yellow; fins otherwise dnsky translucent. Length 8 inches. I'iin.
aina, rather common ; numerous specimens were secured. (Gilbert. ) \ (ly
close to L. acoHris, with which it agrees in almost all details of >iiii(.
tare. The ccdor is, however, bright silvery without trace of strijies,
as in //. argenteuH. The p«'ctoral fin is also much longer. {effuUitm
shining.)

Larimvs effuhjent, (lU.nEUT MS., Fifllies <>f rnnania 1898, Panama. (Coll. (Jilltort.)

18U'2. liAKLMlJS ACCMVIS, Jordan & Uristol.

Head 3i to 3it; dejith 2 ,"„ to 3,1. 1).X-I, 27 to 20; A. II, Ty or (5; scilcsfi
or 7 (counting from third dorsal spine obli<iuely backward)— 47 to I!i-I0or
11. Body rol»u.st, compressed; the back somewhat elevated ; prolilc cun.
vex. Head narrow, its width 2\; to 2^ in its length. Snout short, '\\ toT):
in head. Eye large, 3,'„ to 3^ in head. Mouth large, the cleft olili(|iii.,
less steep than in L. h.-evicvim; hiwer Jaw curved, considerably \\\u.
Jecting; maxillary extending ai>out to middle of pupil, 2i to 2^ in licud.
Tct^th minute, firm, uniserial in each Jaw. Interorbital region (oiivex,
1| to li^ in eye. (»ill rakers 11 or 12 -f- 20 or 21, long and slender. I*M<i|i(r
cle with a finely serrated membranaceous margin, Least de])tli of ( ainlnl
peduncle 2J to 3 in head. Scales rather large, mostly ctenoid, cycloid on
head excepting those on posterior portion of the top, the rows above lat-
eral lino abruptly oblique, a character subject to great variation; the
scales in the lateral line with about 5 or 0 tubules; anal and dorsal with.!
sheath at base, the scales of which are cycloid; the sheath beneath the
spinous dorsal not very distinct; the fins excepting S))inou8 dorsal, scaled
for a short distance above base with cycloid scales, those on caudal extend-
ing halfway to its tip. Origin of spinous dorsal 2,'; to 2* in orijiin of soil
dorsal; third dorsal spine \l to IJ in head; soft dorsal about \\ timcHas
long as head; origin of anal 3^ to 3J in head; second spine moderate, V\
to '2\ in head, not reaching tips of soft rays; ventrals reaching slifjlitly
past veut, 1'; in head; pectorals reaching slightly past tip of ventrals
equaling, or li in, head, (^olor grayish silvery, darker above, dear .silvery
white below; conspicuous dark brown or black stripes on back and sidw
ftdlowing the rows of scales, formed of more or less coalescent dark ^mAs;
lower part of head bright silvery; a large steel-blue axillary spot; rcffion
about pseudobranchi.e largely black ; region iu lowcsr part of moutli Itri^lit
orange, and traces of orange in U])per part; lower mandible blacki.^ii;
tongue dusky at tii»; ji somewhat indistinct narrow streak of i>lain dark
brown extending from a point in the rtodian line, ■• the distance from the
first dorsal spine to tip of ])remaxillary, obliquely backward and downward
to or nearly to the lateral line, this streak more clearly seen in dry s]iei'i.
mens ; fins dusky ; spinous dorsal dark brown ; ventrals yellowish, dusky at
tip; both ventrals and jtectorals dark(!r on their inner than on their outer
surfaces. This species di tiers from /,. hrerirciiH cbielly in the sbortri

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1423

final spine, the much iiioro d'stiiurt dark lines, the loss nearly vertical
iiHiiitli, the back move steeply arched, the darker color of the j^ill cavity.
In some cases the direction of the rows of scales on the back is more
U( at ly vertical, bnt in this there are ^reat variations. West coast of Mex-
ico and Central America, from Sonorii to Panama ; not rare on sandy shores.
lit iiutii 4} to (5J inches. Described from nnmerons s])ecimens from San
Juan LiifX<»on, Sonora, and from Panama, (ttcrlirh, steeply ascending,
rct'cirinji' to the direction of the rows of scales above lateral lino.)

liiriu'im iicvlivit, iJoKBAN &. BuiSTOL, Pr(n\ V. H. Nat. ^Iim. 18!I7, San Juan Lagoon,
Soiiora. (Coll. . Ibation. Type, No. 45, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.)

J803. LA11I.HU8 HKKVIOKPS, C'livier &. Valeucieunes.

(Cahezon.)

il, ad lii ; depth 3; eye I in liead. 1). X-I, 28; A. JI, fi; scales 7 (connt-
inj; lioiii third dorsal spine obliquely backward) '18-U. IJody robust; the
prolili! less convex than in /.. accUris. Width of head 2 in its length;
HnoMi short, 5 in head. C!left of month approachiu;; a ]>erpen<lienlar much
niorii nearly than in j^. acrlivis; the lower Jaw less convex; maxillary
2 in liead. Teeth minute, firm, uuiserial in each jaw. Interorbital
re<;ion convex, 4 in bead and 1 in eye. (UU rakers altout 10 + 20, long and
slender, the longest Ij: in head; least depth of caudal peduncle '.i in
lii'iiil. S(tales as in A. accliria, excepting that in our specimens the rows
iiboM' the lateral lino are rather more horizontal and therefore fewer in
iiunibir than in some specimens of L. acrUria. Origin of spinous dorsal 2
ni origin of soft dorsal and 1^ in head; third tlorsal spine Ijj in hea<l ;
second anal spine 1| in head, reaching to tip of longest soft ray; ventrals
IJ m liead; pectoral as l<mg as he.ad. Color silvery, brown a)»ove, clear
white silvery below; the rows of scales above with dark streaks, these
much less distinct than in L. acclivis ; a brownish axillary spot ; region
about pseudobranchia' but little dusky; lower part of mouth, and
sides (d' mouth on upper jaw orange; tip of tongue and end of lower
mandible dusky; fins dusky; spinous dorsal darker; ventrals yellowish;
upper part of pectoral dusky. Length 10 inches. West Indies, south to
Brazil. Here described from a specimen collected by the Albatroas fro!n
St. liUciii and from a specimen in the U. S. National Museuui from Kings-
ton, .Faiiiaica. {hrevia, short; -ceps, head.)

I.anmiii hreoiceps, CuviER &. Valenciennks, Hiat. Nat. roias., v, 146, pi. 140, 1830,
Brazil ; San Domingo ; GOntueii, Cat., u, 'JOS, 1800; (JC'NTIIEH, Fi.slu^s Ceiitnil Aiiieiica,
;!87 ami 425, 1809; IJkan & Uhesski,, Proc. U. S. Nat. :Mu8. 1884, 158 ; JoitUAN &. Kkien-
MANN, /. c, 375, 1889, in part, Atlantic 8iM'cinien.s.

:Moniislra ttahli,' PoEY, Fauna Puerto KKiiiena, :>26, pi. 0, 1881, Puerto Rico.

Lnniini.iKlahli, JouUAN & KlOENiMANN, l. c, 370, 1889.

*Mnti(isirci niahli, PoEY, secum identical witli L. hrfvicepx. The followiufi; is tliti sub-
stanci' or l'ooy'8 description : *

Head 3,i,; dopth 3; ey.. 3i; suont 5. I). X-I, 25; A. IT, 5. Body deep, snout short, the
prolilo ilfAcondiug forward; mouth lar^^o, maxillary 2 in li<ad, lower niandiblo produced
and ciirvi'd, a pore on each mdt! of tlie .symphysis; gill rakers lony and slender: teeth
iiniserial. iiumerous and very small, those of the lower Jaw slightly larger; jiectorals
lanceoliiic, reaching beyond vent, slightly longer than heail; second anal spine long,
nearly '2 in liead. Color -white, with faint streaks, hut without vertical ilark bars. Porto
Uico. (Naiiu'il for Dr. Agiistin Stahl. of Puerto llico, of whoso collection of lishes thia
siii'cies fiumcd a part.)

"vlwwwwV'iyWtWwT'w^P

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;

1424 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

1804. LAiUHi:N PACIFICIIS, Jordnn & liollmnn.

Iload 3 (3|); depth Hiiine. D. X-I, 27; A. II, (5; scales fi-50-11. l;,„iy
<'niii]ir*-H8C(l, fornioil ns in other sprcicB; hack uUnatiMl, ro^iihirly roumluil
from Hiioiit to last doiMal ray ; ventral outline moHt arcliod autcriorly, luiso
of anal oblicpio. Distanctt from ventraln to anal more than depth (d* Ixiily,
HO that the vcntralH do not reach vent. I'rofUe of hoad dupressod m-iv
slightly before dorsal and above eyos. Snoat short, 4J in head. Kyc
moderate, equal to width of interorbital, \ in head. Mouth rather l.iiir«;
maxillary reaching posterior border of eye, 2^ in head. Prenuixillary
opposite middh) of pupil. Width of preorbital ^ eye. Pores of snout
and chin as in other species of LarimiiH. Preopercle with a narrow, < n n-
ulute, membranous border; scaimlar scale with w«dl-developod incin.
branous teeth; opercle with 3 gra<luated, stitf, membranous Hpines
above and another below, (jlill rakers, long an<l 8lond«>r, longest c(|n.il to
length of eye, about 10-|-20. Scales on head and anterior part of Im ust
cycloid; bases of membranes of fins scaly. First dorsal spine iiisi ited
over base of pectorals; fourth sjiine longest, 2^ in head. Anterior ami
posterior soft lays of dorsal 8ube(|ual, 3 in head. Second anal 8i)iu«! nIioi t,
not much over \ as long as tirst rays, its tip not nearly reaching end of
last ray, 3 in head; second anal ray 2i in head; distance between (>ri;,'iii
of ventrals and anal * more thin depth of body; jtectorals 1^ in Iicnd,
reaching anus; ventrals not reaching vent by almost 4 eye, 1- in IicikI.
Coloration i'ssentially similar to that of L, accUvis] silvery, with coiilln
eut dusky spots forming dark streaks along the rows of scales; numerous
black dots from snout to caudal below lateral line; opercle api>eaiiiif,'
dusky externally, because the skin lining the region around psciidd-
branchiic is inky black; dorsal, caudal, anal, and pectorals souiewliat
dusky; soft dorsal pale at base, then with a dusky and ]>ale longitu-
dinal streak, the distal half dusky ; general coloration less yellow than in
brcvicepa and the streaks along scales more prominent. Here desc»ilted
from the type, a specimen 5^ inches long. Off coast of Colombia.

Larimus paciftcvs, Jordan «&. Bollman, rroc. IJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 161, Pacific Ocean,
off coast of Colombia, at Albatross station 280a, 8° 38' N., 79° 31' 30" W., between
Galapagos Island and Panama. (Type, No. 41168. Coll. Albatross.)

1S05. LARIMUS FASCIATUS, ndbrook.

Head 3^; depth 3; eye 4 in head. D. X-I, 24 to 26; A. II, 5 or 6; scales
5-49-9 to 11. Body heavy forward, much compressed, the ba<'k somewhat
elevated; ])rolile convex; snout very short and blunt, .^i in head: evi'
about equal to flattish interorbital larea; mouth large, less obli<|uc than
in other species; tip <»f premaxillary on level of middle of pupil; maxil-
lary 2 in head, reaching to below posterior third of eye; lower mandililo
with a slight knob at its symphysis, a small pore on each side of it : teeth
minute, firm, in a single series in each jaw; pharyngeal teeth all lon^ and
slender; the pharyngeal bones small and narrow, u.ibtriangular; jfill
rakers extremely elongate, as long as eye, 12-}- 24 ; preopercle with minute
cilia ; third and fourth dorsal spines about 2^ in head ; preopercle with

A .;

Jordan and Evertnami. — Fishes of North America. 1425

iniiintn ciliu; third an<l fourth doraal Hpines about 2;^ in head ; 8(M-oiid annl
rtiiiuo short, \ shorter tbiin tlio fir t iinal ray, its tip scarcely roacbin^
rinl (»r hist ray whmi spino is dei)resHed, 3 in head; scales lar^^e, ctenoid;
Miiiil ind soft dorsal with a scaly si ath at base. Color in life, jrrayish
,,liM' altovc, with soiuo silvery; below, clear silver wliite; back with 7 to
•I iMtlirr conspicuous darker vortical bars extending; to bolo"- middle of
siilis; lins dusky olivr; anal fin and lower rays of caudal yellow; ventrals
Di.inuti yellow, dusky towards tip; lower side of head very bright silvery;
iiiMilf of mouth and lining of gill cavity, cheeks and opercles with some
li ulit yellow. South Atlantic coast of the United States, from Chesapeakit
liuv to Galveston, T«ys; occasionally straying north to Woods Hole,
III it (onnuon, found in i-ather deep water. (fasciatiiH, banded.)

I.tiii'i'iit fuHcintuK, Hoi.BKOOK, Ichtli. .South Carolina, LW, jtl. 22, lij;. 1, 1860, Charleston;
(;rNTiiEU,Cnt.,n, 269, 1800; Jukdan & Gn.itEiiT, Synopsis, 578, 1883 ; Jordan &. Kkien-
,M\NN, «.<-., 37(1, 1880.

577. ODONTOSCION, Gill.

OttnttloKcion, OiLL, Pro<!. Ac. Nat. vSdi. IMiila., 1862, 18 Ulmtex).

This^fenns differs from Larimus mainly in the presence of canines and
may lio ile8<'ribed as a Lnrimiia armed with canine teeth. It also approaches
closolv to lia'mliella, from which it differs in lacking the plectroid spine on
the pn'oporcle, and in the dentition, the group ElaHarchiin lying between
tlip two, iis does also the closely related group Corrula, (ddovs> tooth;
dHiiii', a mo«lorn Greek name, corresponding to ISciwna.)

(I. Doi Sill rays XI-1, 23; caninos rather stronj;; color soiloil silvery. dkntbx, 1806.

aa. Dor.sal rays XI-1, 26 ; u.iuinos sniallor; color dark gray wit I) <iarkcr streaks.

XANTHOPS, 1807.

180«. ODONTOSCIOX DENTEX (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

(COHVINA.)

Head '^ to 3J; depth 3i; eye 3J to 4 in head; snout 4. D. XI or XII-I,
2;^; A. II, 8; scales 7-49 to 52-10. Teeth in each jaw in a single series,
tbo 1' (rout teeth in lower jaw large canines, some of the teeth on the
side of the lower jaw also enlarged, canine-like; teeth of the upper jaw
iarj-est forward, smaller than those in the lower jaw ; body oblong, com-
pressed, the profile straight and rather steep ; snout short, blunt ; eye large ;
lireopcrclo ronnded without any distinct spines, with creuulated mem-
l)riiiia('cuus margin ; highest dorsal spine 2 in head ; distance from first anal
npiiie to middle of base of caudal 3,v in length ; distance from vent to first
iinal .spine 1^ in base of anal; second anal spine much shorter than rays,
its tip when depressed not reaching to ti]) of last ray, its length 3 in head ;
iiiontii large, oblique, maxillary reaching beyond middle of orbit, 2 in
liead; preorbital very narrow, about 4 in eye; gill rakers long and stiff,
5-1-14; lower pharyngeals small, with conical teeth; scales thin, ctenoid;
Hoft dorsal and anal scaly ; scales below lateral line in nearly horizontal
series; dorsal spines long and slender, separated from soft dorsal; the spine
uf soft dorsal short and stout; caudal subtruncate, upper lobe longer; anal

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1420 Dulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Hbort und hi};b. aocnnd nnal Hpin<> 2^- in head; ventralH halfway to nnul,
pectoralH Ijj in head. Color dusky silvi'iy, overywliore soiled with diuk
pointN, which form fuint HtreiikH aloii^ tho Nerit'S of sralos; nnoiit aiidnnte-
rior part of tlm chin black; npi)«r part of baHO of pectoral and iixil
black. Length 1 foot. West IndioH ; goucrally common ; u food-iish of .somo
itnportanco. (denttx, toothed.)

i'orvinn dentex, Ctvnou &. Vai.knciknnkh, Hist. Nut. I'oisH., v, lltO, j>l. 109, IKIJO, San

Domingo.
I.aiiiiiii* ilvntex, (iOntmkb, «Jat., ii, 261», 1«(I0.
OilontoHcinn dfiitex, PtjEy, SynopHis, :{25, 1808; JonnAN * Eiornmann, I. c, :177, l«8!t.

1807. OnOXTOSnON XAMIIOPS, Gilbert.

Head H; depth 3?; eye^Jin bead; 8nout4Jt. 1). XII, 27; A. 11,8; I'. 17;
pores in lateral lino "tO. Head and body elongate, compressed, naiidw.
Dorsal and ventral ontlinea nearly equally curved; profile slightly do.
pressed over front of orbits, the snout bluntisb, not protruding ; Jaws eq nal,
the lower wholly included, the sympbysis prominent, slightly passiu;; tli«
|)reniaxillaries ; nnnith very obli(iue, the nnixillary reaching slightly heliind
middle of eye, 2.^ in bead; tip of maxillary broad; mental and mstnl
pores of moderate si/e, not conspicuous; a series of slender (tanincs in iouir
Jaw, preceded by an irregular outer villiforni row, most evident tnwMid
symphysis; the series of canines turns inward and backward on the sym-
pbyseal protuberance, the innermost pair enlarged, directed baekwiinl;
upper Jaw with a series of conical teeth, similar to those on sides orinnii-
dible, separated by a consi<lerable inteispace from an inner series of very
small, close-set teeth, directed backward. Eye very large, subcircular: a
d«!finite supraorbital ridge; interorbital width 4^ ; suborbitals narrow; jirt"
opercular margin without definite spines, with minute creniilations, wh'u-h
end in spinous points. Gill ralcers long and slender,lG on horizontal liiiili of
arch, the longest i diameter of orbjt. Spinous dorsal very high, of weak,
flexible s]»ineN, none of which is thickened; third spine highest, as lonj;
as snout and eye; eleventh spine shortest; second anal spine stroiijr^
equaling length of snout and A of eye; pectorals short, not roiicliiiif;
tips of ventrals, l,'',, in hea<l; ventrals not reaching vent, extending hiilf-
way from thoir base to front of anal; caudal apparently short ami
rounded, somewhat mutilated in the type, as are the soft dorsal and aM.d.
Scales largo, weakly ctenoid ex(!ei)t on head, where they are cyoldid;
maxillary, tip of mandible, and extreme tip of snout naked; head otlier-
wisc comi>letely invested ; a definite sheath of scales at base of soft dorsal ;
soft portions of all the vertical fins with membranes scaled. Dark steel
giay, with olive tinge above, silvery below, the lower parts coarsely i)iiiic-
tate with brown; blackish stieaks follow tho row of scales, thoso Inlow
the lateral line broad, horizontal, conspicuous, those above lateral lino
narrower, less intense, the anterior ones directed obliquely upwaid, those
iin ler soft dorsal nearly horizontal; fins dusky, the anal, lower ciuidiil
lo')e, and tiie terminal portion of ventrals black ; iris bright yellow. \U>q\'
of mouth and sidesof mandible within orange yellow, the membrane within
mandibular teeth black ; tongue faintly yellow ; a dusky yellow bar above

■H'-

'A-

Jordan and F.vermaiDi. — Fishes of North America. 1427

jiiiil 1 bolow pseudohiimchiii', the jjill cavity otlierwiHo silvery. Paiiainii;
.1 mIiikIo Hpeoiinen 7A inchrH lonf;. ((Jilliert.) (linOd?, yellow; (.)0. «'y«0

{hl'iitoxfinn x(inthoi>s, UiLiiKKT, MS., KixheH of I'unuiiia, IHDH, Panama, (('nil. (illbort.)
578. CORVULA, .Fordau A Kigt'iinianii.

Cnrriila, .I()in>AN \- EldKNMANN, Ucvlcw of tilt' Sciii'llltlli' of Klll'o|i<' anil AliliM-irii, ill
linjiort V. S. I'IhIi (%>imii. IHHfi (1«H«), ;177 {hiitahanii).

'\'\m j.feiius is cloHely allied to ISairdiclht in nearly all reH|M'('ts, Imt, with
tlio ])re<>i>orclo etitiru ami iiiiarnxd an in LarlmnH. 'I'lio HpocieM ditVui'
('(iiisidorably among thoniH(dvo<4, and tlii'y turm with iMiimus a,\\i\ (UUnttug-
ciiiu an aln>i».st ccnitinnona Heries. American. (Diminutive of Corrus,
ciow, as in also the name Corrina, a]iplied by tlm I.,atin raciss to lishcs of
tliiH i;roiip, perha|)8 in alluaiou to their cruakiug noise proUucod by the
coiniilieated air bladder.)

II. r.ody riitlior sliort aiid (l(trt|i, depth 2.^ to 3J in length; iliHtiint'o from insertion of
vcntralH to liritt iinal sjiiiie ahoiit eiiiial to ile|>tli of Ixxly; color Hllvcry, imiiiilly
with iliisky Htrt-akH aloiif; the rows of hcuIi'm.
h. Dorsal rays XI-I, 25; iiostcrior dornal rayn iiiiich Hliorterthan the antiTior ones;
eye very large, 3J in liead; dorsal outline strongly convex, Roniewhat ele-
vated anteriorly ; color dark lirowii, paler liolow ; upjier J of body with very
distinct dark streaks along the rows of scales; |iectoral and eapecially anal
with dark ]M>iiitH: biiHe of spinoiis dorsal light yellow; niiiiieroiiH dark dots
on Ix^lly, lower part of sides, and under side of head. macrdi'R, 180K.

hh. Dorsal rays X I, 28; ]iosterior rays of soft dorsal higher than the anterior
ones; dorsal outline strongly and regiilar'y convex and elevated, (/'olor,
silvery white, darker above; sides and back with rather distinct dark lines
along the scales; spinous dorsal, tips of ventrals and anal dusky; upper
part of head brownish ; lowe-'^artof liead, tdieek, and breast with numer-
ous rusty dots, base of soft dorsal and anal rusty. siAi.is, 1K01).
hbh. Dorsal rays X to XII-I, 2H to 25; Jaws eiiiial; outer tt*th above enlarged,
lower teeth nearly uniserial; preopercle with llexible serra'; second anal
H]>ine, 3.J in bead; caudal tin siibtruncate.
c. Maxillary reaching middle of pupil, 2^ in head; pectorals rather long.

sni.KtiUAi.ia, 1810.
ec. Maxillary reaching beyond middle of jiiipil, 2}, in huad ; pectorals very short ;
D. XT-I, 23; A. TI, 8; color silvery, with very distinct dark longitudinal
strijies. 8AN( T.^K-I,lCI,l-;, IKII.

(III. I'.ody rather elongate and compressed, the dejith 3J in length; distaiu'e friuii inser-
tion of ventrals to tiist anal H|iiiio ^ greater than depth of body; iHilorntion
dusky, with conspicuous dark streaks along the rows of scales.

11ATAHANA, 1812.

1808. t'OKVITLA IHACIKU'K (^-.teindacllneI■).

(VA(!U»)<'t'A.)

Head 3.V; depth 3. D. XI-I, 25; A. II. {>; scales S-.')({-ll; eye ^ in head;
snout IJ; maxillary 2,V; lon<i;est dorsal spine I'i; longest dorsal ray 2;};
second anal spine 2,^ ; ventrals 1.} ; pectoral li ; eandal fin K. IJodj' oblong,
moderately compressed, not mnch elevated; dorsal outline uniform from
tij) of snout to «audal peduncle; ventral outline rounded from chin to
breast, then straight to anal spine, then sinnting obliquely upward to

V '■■

i

ii

i'Hi

i'lif

1428 IhiUctin ,7, UuHed States National Mnsctim.

oaudul {tediincle. Hiiotit blunt, Hhortur than lar|;u t-ye ; n))per Jaw gliglit !y
]irojectiiig, teeth biiiuU uihI Hharp, in 1 or 2 irregular sories in lower Jaw,
in Hevoral series iu uppt^r Jaw, the outer row slightly enlarged; niaxilliii v
extending to posterior edge of pupil; chin with 4 large pores; edge nf
preopercle covered witli skin, which is serrated on the edge. («ill rakcis
slender, 9 + 1>^> scales ctenoid on the body, cycloid on the head. Hpiumis
dorsal a little higher than soft dort^til; first dorsal spine very short, secoiiil
about 5 times longer, third twice as long as second, third, fourth, liltli,
and sixth aubequal, the others rapidly shorter; first anal spine very sniiill,
the second many times longer and stouter, bnt shorter than soft rays;
ventrals inserted behind pectorals and reaching beyond them; camlal
truncate. Ground color silvery, but so closely set with small dark brown
points as to almost obscure the silver; sides with about 4 faint dark cross
bands and with conspicuous bhick stripes following the rows of scales,
about 11 horizontal sM-ipes below lateral line, those above slantiii;,'
obliquely upward anteriorly, but becoming; horizontal posteriorly; tips
of veutrals and anal black, other fins dusky. Hero described from a tine
specimen froi^the Astillero at Ma/atlan, S inches in length. Pacific (.'oust
of tropi<'al America; recorded only from Ma/.atlan and I'anama; appai-
ontlyrare; our specimens from Ma/.atlan and I'anama nnieh darker tiiaii
Stoindachuer's type, which was deeper, the depth 2A iu length, (fiax/jn:.
large; aiip, eye.)

Coivina maeiopg, Stkindacuner, Iclitli. Hcitr., in, 24, fig. 2, 1875, Panama.
Scimna warrDim, .Tokdan &. Gii.iiKitT, Itiill. U. S. Vish. Coniiii. 18HI, :iIO.
Coivula macropa, .Joiidan &, Kkienmann, I. c, 37'J, 1889; Joudan, FisliOH of .Siiialon. in
Proi;. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 468.

1800. t'OltVriiA SIAIilS, Jordan & EiKLiiinaiiii.

IleadSf; depth 2j; eye 5 in head. D. X-I, 28; A. II, 8. Body com-
l)res8ed; the back elevated, regularly rounded from snout to posterior
margin of soft dorsal; ventral outline almost straight from chin to first
anal spine; base of anal oblique; caudal peduncle short and thick. Pro-
lile slightly convex posteriorly, somewhat depressed over the eyes ; snout
rather acute, slightly longer than eye; eye H in iuterorbital area; proor-
bital i as wide as eye; mouth moderate; maxillary extending past pupil.
its length 21^ in head; preuiaxillary anteriorly on level with the lower
border of the orbit; lower jaw included; maxillary broad, not entirely
concealed by the preorbital when the mouth is shut. Teeth of the lower
Jaw blunt, conical, in 2 series, those of the inner series much larger than
those of the outer; upper jaw with a narrow band of villiforni teeth and
an outer series of larger teeth, which are remote from each other and
decrease iu size toward the angle of the mouth. Chin with 5 small pons;
snout with 6 pores, arranged in a _-~- shaped figure. Preopercle with
a narrow, crenulate, membranous border; opercle with 2 scarcely distin-
guishable spines; scapular scale entire. Gill rakers mo»lerately devel-
oped, about i as long as the eye, 5-1-12; psendobranchia; large. Scales
about the head in front of dorsal and on anterior part of breast cycloid,
marked with concentric striie ; those on top of the head embedded, indis-

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1429

<j

titii't; floalna of the body all ctenoid; luombraneR of caudal, iitiiil, and Hoft
(Idisiil d'Dsoly (-ovorod with niiniito Hcahm nearly to thtMr tips. Firat
iloisiil Hpine short, inserted over the hasr of the pectoral; fonrth dorHal
s|iiiio highest, reaching to soft dorsal, lA in head; anterior dorsal rays
Hlioitur than the ndddle and posterior onus, the eleventh longer than
tin tourth by an eye's diameter, littht niorr than \ the length of the
III' III; soft dorsal very liroadly rounded jtosteriorly ; caudal short, broad,
rounded behind; anal inserted posteriorly, the tips of the anal extending
III Illy as far as the tips of the dorsal ; second anal spine moderate, sean-ely
nil lilt that ji length of the rays, little b-ss than \\ in head ; ventrals lanceo-
hiti , slightly longer than the ronnded ]>ectorals, Hin head. Color light
lirowiiish above, silvery on sides and below, the centers of the scales with
iiiiniy ilark dots, these forming horizontal lines along the series of scales
bi'JDW the lateral line, and obliqne, irregnlar, often interrupted, lines
iihiive tlie lateral line; all the tins with dark dots; spinous dorsal dusky;
Hiilt dorsal brownish for \ of its height; the other % pale; anal and tips
ot' ventrals dusky; pectoral pale; head with many minnte rusty dots,
Mivse aggregated, and forming brownish spots on the maxillary and lower
purl of the head. Length 6J inches. Florida Keys; known from 1 speci-
iiieii. (d/crAo?, plamp.)

Cirnila leialis, JoKUAN ic KioENMANN, K«))ort U. iS. FIhIi Cuiiiiii. fur 1880 (1889), 370, Key
West. (Type, No. 26575. Coll. Sila« StoaniH.)

1810. t'OKVULA KlIB.Ki^lJAIilN (Puey).

Ill ad 3i; depth about 3jt; eye 4^ in head; snout 4^. I). XIl-1, 22 to 24;
A. II, i»; scales about 46. Form of Corrida 8ialia, bnt the body more elon-
i;iite; Jaws equal; outer teeth above enlarged, lower teeth nearly nnise-
rial: lyo large; snout bluntish; maxillary 2j^ in head, extending to middle
of |)ii|>il; preopercle with flexible serra^; second anal spine 3i| in head;
raiuliii tin subtruncate. ('olor silvery, with faint streaks along the rows
of sillies above. West Indies; scarce. We refer 2 specimens from St.
Thoiiias to this species, although they ditler in sonu^ respects troin I'oey's
(liscription of Cori'ina subwiiualia. The more elongate body and the
smallir number of dorsal rays distingnish aubwqualis readily from sialia.
{subo'iiuaH8, nearly equal.)

Corviitaiuhmqualis, Poky, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. Ni^w York 1875, 58 Cuba.'
Corvuta subcequalu, Joudan & Eioenmann, I. c, 380, 1889.

1811. OORVILA SAXCLK-IiLTl.E, Jordan

Mtiid 3i; depth 34; eye 3? in head; 8nout4J. I). XI-I, 23; A. II, 8; scales
(i-l()-10. Body oblong, moderately compressed, the back moderately ele-
vat(;(l. Head rather short and blunt, the anterior profile uniform and

'rill' following is the Bitbstance of Poey's account of his Corvina stibeetjualis : Body
ratlii'i' elongate; eye 3J in head; snout sbort, rounded; mouth moderate; maxillary
ixttiiiliiif; toliolow nnierior margin of pupil, tliejaws siibequal; teeth in fine bands, the
mitiT srrios longer, and larger above than below; sympliisis witli 4 pores; preopercle
thinly ilciitate; dorsal fins separated; stic-ond dorsal spine, stout; caiulal with a salient
aiiftli': base of anal si-aly: anal spine rather strong, its insertion rather posterior; color
silvery ; depth 3J <with caudal) ; bead 3g. D. X-1, 25 ; A. II, 7.

ni^

■ pi«pi;iii,i«jp m Mimmm^w iyi|iiKiiwi.i vipi II

1430 liuUefin //, United States National Museum.

ii

■;,ii!

Hli^htly iirrhotl. Snout Hluirt, Hliortur tliitn «*yf; oyo Inr^e, ii litllu f^n-uifr
than inh'i'orliital H|)ti<!i); nionth ruiiHitlorably ol)li<|no, Mio JawH oiiniil, iIh,
pnMuuNillary in fVoiit «>n th*< l«)v<-l (»f lowor part of |>n|»il, tlio niaxillnr.v
oxtuniliii^ to bcynnti lino of niiddlo of pupil, 2^ in hcutl ; teoth of ii|i|ii'i
Jaw in a narrow band, tlio outur inodrratrly t-nlarKud; ttiotli of io\vi-i ||^^
inoileriitf, not <|iiite fi«|uul, alnioHt in ono Horien; prm>p<>rcb« with itH nuMn.
branoiiN (mIk«« lintdy lUnitatit; ^iil raknrH lon^ and Hhuidrr, about .i-| l.'i,
HraloH lar^^o and firm, thoHi^ above latoral linn anteriorly in HoricH p!ii;illc|
with it; at a point i»olow hiHt diUHal rayH tuudi Herit^s Ih Hudd»nly \w\\\
upward, and thon tt)>;ain buconwH liori/ontal; rowH of HrabtH bidow Ijittiuj
line liorizontal an<l nearly Htrai^^ht. l>orHalHpin»HNl«ndfr; Hoft dorN.il \\\\i\
anal actaly atbaHo; caudal (broken) apparently Hubtrun<-ato; pectoral \iry
sh«>rt, roaehiu); about to oi^hth dotHal spinu; anal HUiall, lUHurtvd buck-
ward, itH HC(;ond Hpinu moderate. lli"tunro friun lUHcrtion of ventr;ilt(i
tirst analNpine 11, timoH dt^pth of body, (lobuation uilvery, with about It
horizontal dark stripes, these Htripes *'ontiniU)UH, und those above Imiid
upward undernoath last dorsal spines; (ins pale yellowish, all more or IfNg
soiled with dark (toints; a faint dark axillary H[iot ; lining of ^ill liiviiy
pale. West Indies; 1 specimen known, W\ inithes lon^, from Port CahlricN,
Island of St. Lucia. (SanrUr-hicuv, St. Lucia.)

Corviila snuetiv-liicitf, .Ioudan, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Muh. 1H81», 041), Port Castries, St. Lucia.
(Tjpe, No.4173i!. Coll. Mhtilru^n.)

1812. ( OKVIIliA BATAIUNA (Pocy).

Head 3^ ; dipth Hi ; eye M ; snout l^. 1). XI-I, !.'«;; A. II, 8; scalestur.O-T.
Itody oblong', compressed, the depth nearly uniform from ventrals to vent;
belly very lonj{, the distan<-o from ventrals to anal .j jijreater than liiptli
of body; profile nearly .straight and hori/ontal ; utouth rather wide; max-
illary 2^ in head, reaching middle of eye; upper jaw with several scrit's
of minute teeth and an outer somewhat enlarged series; lower jaw witlm
single series of rather strong teeth, a pair of minute canin«>-like teetii iit
the symphysis; snout short, without ])ores; chin with 5 large pores; pre-
operele with a crentilato, dermal border; gill rakers slightly longer Ihiiii
pupil, 5-f- 13; lower pharyngeals with many small teeth, some of the inner
ones mueh elongate; eye slightly shorter than snout, about e(|ual to the
interorbital area; scales large, their exposid edges much striated, the
striae ending in cilia; scales below lateral Viw in undulate, suldiori/ontiil
series; lateral line slightly curved, becoming straight above anal; .soft
portions of vertical fins densely covered with scales; soft dorsal and anal
with a scaly sheath at their bases ; dorsal, caudal and anal rounded Ixliinil:
ventrals slightly longer than pectorals, !,• in head. Color coppery-giiivisli,
with many minute brown points; scales of back and sides each with a
dark spot, these forming very distinct dusky stripes along the sei Iih (it
scales; stripes below the lateral line mostly of continuous spots, tluKsi-
above broken and irregular; upjter part of head and (ins uniform brown-
ish, with many minute points. Cuba and Porto Kico; not raw, but not
seen elsewhere ; our specimen frcun Havana. Its strongly marked colora-
tion is a very unusual trait in this family. {Jlatabitno, the type locality.)

fi" '

Jordan (t)ni livcrniauu . —lualws of I\\)rth America. 1431

,l,.l.,ntiiili)i(nhanuii, I'uEV, MniniinitH, ii, IKI, IHIHI. Batabano, South coast of Cuba; I'oKV,

|.<,iiiiiii I lio Kiiiiiiriit. :il!7, IHHl.

l,,,i„ni»liiitahatiUM, JniiHAN, Vror. \' . H. Nul. Miih. IHHIl, 4:i.
r..i-i iilil liiilillinnil. ,I(>I(I>AN il. KlOKNMANN, {. (<„ llgd, IHHI).

579. ELATTARCHUS, .lonliiii A Kvoiniuiin.

/ /,(/^(|•C/»IM, JOKIIA.N iV KVKUMANN, ( 'lH>ckl.lHt, 1107, \m] {<l Ifliiiliiilii) .

TIliN ^(M)iiH JH vitr.v 4'loHc t(> lUt'trdielUi tVoiii wliicli it dillorH in tho ))i'uHKnr»
III >li'inlcr cuniiiuH, iiiiicli iih in (hhnilitHrioii. I'roiii tlio lattttr ^iMiiiHit dilVi-rs
iiiiiiiily ill Iliu Hoiriito ]ii'U(>|M^n!li«, wliicli lias ti dowinvunl iliitM-ted Hpiiiu ut
till" iiifilo. S«!«()n<i aiial sjiiiio voryHinall. <)iiuH|ic<'ieH known. {fXdrro)!',
ri'ihiifd ; ('r/J^i>$, aiiiiH, truni tlin Hniali anal lin.)

|Mi:i. KI.A'STAItnill^i AUnillllUM (.loitiiiii .V liilbert).

lli.ul.'J; (It'ptli :fl. I). XI, 21; A.I1,«; hcrIoh !>-r.(»-7, r>H poreH. |)ianiot«r
ul (■>(' altoiit t'ljual to l(Mif{tli of snout, or to intcioibital witltli, and t^
tiiiH's ill Irii^th ot'Iittad. I.oii^thot' niuxillary L'| in hoad. (ilill rakoiH low
mill slundttr, G-f i;{ in ininiluM'. rM<Midolirauuliiii- wull dovtdopiul; |mihIu-
rior nostril a narrow oldon^ vertical slit. Iluad and body rather i^loii-
iTjiti'. (■oiisi<lerably roinpreHHed, bark not ricvutrd, the Hnout H*»niowli);t
irjlilioiis, tlui prolile doprossod ubovo tlusoyos. Month very lar^o, teriiii;ial,
oiilii|ii(', the maxillary rrarliiuj; vertical I'roni posterior niurKiii of pupil;
jjiws Hnbe(|iial, premaxillarius in front on the level of lower edge of pupil;
syiiiiiliysis of lower jaw with an oblong knob, which projectH inward and
upward, on this arc 2 series of teeth, ',\ in each series, the inner pair
boiii^' canines of moderate si/e, larger than any of the other teeth, but
iiincii smaller and slenderer than the canines in f'ynoHoioti. Hoth Jaws
without villiform teeth, upper Jaw with 2 series of slender-pointed
tciitii, the outer series enlarged; lower Jaw laterally with a single series
III' ti'ctli similar to those of the outer scries of upper Jaw, bnt larger; those
ill tin- niidtlle of the Jaw largest. I'osterior margin of preopercle inclined
(l(»wii\viird and backward, both margins convex and with the angle l>roadly
rounded. Moth margins with weak, distinct serrations; posterior border
witli 1' or ;{ stronger teeth next the angle directed backward, the angle
with 1 robust tlattish spine directed more or less vertically downward.
SpiiKMis dorsal with very weak, tlexible spines, the third the longest ami
iilioiit h length of head; soft dorsal moderate, the longest ray shorter
than the dorsal spines but more than ^ length of head; i-audal lin siib-
truiicatc or slightly emarginate; anal tin very small, posteriorly instTted,
its liiisft but little obli<|iie; length of base abmit equal to length of snout;
second anal sjiine mod(;rate, shorter than the lirst soft ray, much stronger
than the dorsal spines, and inflexible, its length about e<iual to snout and
.( of eye, 3 in head; distance from front of anal to middle of base of
candid slightly more than } the length of the body; distance from vent to
trout of anal about equal to length of base of anal; pectoral short, n_^ot
reaching tips of ventrals, its length IJ in head; ventrals reaching half-
way to front of anal, not nearly to vent; membranes of soft 2)art8 of ver-
tical tins with series of scahss extending more than halfway to the tips.

1432

IhilU'tin fy, Ihtilvd S/ntes .\%itionnf .)/usfuni.

Lnternl lino nciircoly nrcliod, bncoinin); atrniKlit oppoHito front of nol'ti'ur-
Mitl. Color limtroiiH hliiiiili {(riiy »liov««, Hilvery ImiIow; iiiiiMIr of Ni.|i<H
with IndiHtliu't l(tii);th\viH» HtroiikH foriiiud hy rIiiHt»rH ol' durk dotH in i||,i
<!ont«rH of th« hiuIoii; mioiit tiiul tipn of lower jiiw hlm-kiHli; iidurk lilti . |,
oil uperrlo iiliovo; HiduM of liruil liriKl't sil\»ry; tiiiH li^lit Htrnw-colur;
upp««r hulf of pet-toralH diiHky ; HpiiioiiH dorHiil tlii<>ly Hpuuklod with hhu k;
iippnr liulf of )i\il I>rowii; ])«)ritoiintiiii )>aln; lining of opt^rclo idurk ulinvi'.
IriH hriglit yellow, diiHky aliove. lieiiKlh 7 iiicht'H. raiiaiiin; ii(»t iiiiruiM.
iiiou. 'I'he itpeciitm han the very hiiiuII nnul of < hlonUmvion mid thoHpiirlilui
pr«op»roiilar Hpino of ItairdulUi, while in ilH duiititiiiii it ih iutuniit'Ui;iiu,
(iXfixi^iov, diiuiuiitive of (i/J^(>{, aniiH or anal.)

OUinUoneioii (irc/ii(/M/m, •loiiDAN A Oil.liKKl', Hull. 1. S. KImIi Coiiiiii. 1H81, 317, PaiKiinu

(Coll. (MI. OillNtrt): .Ioiiiian Jt (iii.iiKUT, Hull 1. S. KIhIi Coiiiiii. IHH:>, ill.
Ilairdietlu arehiiliu III, JonuAN & Kkiknmann, I.e., .'180. IMHU.

il

I'
lis

■it

i t

^.'1

r'i

580. BAIRDIELLA, Oill.
(Madkmoihkli.ks.)

/tatrrdXtd, (ill.!., Cut. KIhIi. KnHt CniiHt North Ainci'lcii, .'III, 1H(" {ariiyritteuea ehryiiuii)
S'tetnr, iloKDAN (i KviK.MANN, iHHV 8ul>t;<>uus {chryKiileiicaf.

TbJH ^eiiuB Ih charaoteri/ed hy the ohlit|iio mouth, little cavoninuN
Hkiill, few rowH of Hiiiall teeth, Hlonder ^ill rakerM, and the iircopotclc
armed with a pleotroid Hpiiie. It Ih certainly a very natural Kr<>i>l*> '>»•!
worthy of rei^o^nition as a diHtiiit-t ^enus, although itH relatioimhipH witii
(tphioacion and eHpeoitilly with StvUi/er are very cloue. The niimiioiis
HpecieH are uU American, all small in Hi/e and Hilvery in coloration, .md
Home of them are remarkalde for the ^reat si/.e of the second anal Npiim.
In others this spine is (|uito smull. These variations among H)Mti'ii>s
unquestionably closely allied show how Hlight is the syntematicf valiif to
be attached to the size of this epinc. (Named for Prof. Spencer FulitMloii
Baird, for many years United States Coinmissioner of Fi.sb and FiMlici icn,
and one of the most broad-minded and auccessfiil workers in systcniiiiic

ZOOlojry.)

Bairdiei.la :
a. Teeth of the lowvrjaw uiie<iuul, chieily ItiHerial; tlio inner teeth more or leHAenlai'vi'ii.
preorbitnl narrow.
b. Seeonil ttniil Hpiiie moderate, 2^ in ht^nd, not ho long ns Hoft rays, not reae)iiii<; tip
of lant ray when d ;)"eHHed. (Jolor silvery, i)uuctatu; tins yellow; di'iitli ;i
in length. I). XT '.;:', A. II, 10. chrvsuka. isn

6b. Second anal Hpine vi't'v lonx, J htn^tli of head, reaching beyond tip ol'ln.'^t i.'iv;
baHeof anal oblique, forming an angle with ventral outline,
c. Mouth t'jrniinal, very oblii|ue; Hecond anal spine excessively lar;:c. i; in
head, longer than any soft ray. Color silvery ; depth JJ. 1). .\-I :■:!.

ENSIKI-IKA 181.'i.

re. Mouth not quite tcrniinal ; proorbital narrow, but broader than \i\nitii(r,i.

d. Dorsal rays X-I,'J8; dorsal spines very slender, the highest i;, in

head: pectorals l^in bead; second anal spine very long, silvrrv,

punctate, adark axillary spot ; depth :i| in length, ijistia, IHlti.

dil. Dorsal rays X-I, 211; dorsal spines atill", lower, the highe.st 1! in

brad ; seconti anal spine I'l ; pectorals IJ. Color .soiled sih irv:

«lepth :!). HONCIILS. 1817.

Jordan ami F.vttmauH. — Fishes of Xort/i .hm'n'ia. I l'i.'i

<i{^, loll (tifttnr, iiiiK I hnl I'oniii'Ctii ; Hiiirihtta with nphlntrhn):

,|.r Irt'lli <>r lii\V)'t'.|tt\\ ill II liitri'ow vlllirnl'iii IiiiihI lit III OiiMiiteiiti; liuilltll Miiltlnriirliir,

liltlf iililii|iii', pri'lirltitui Itrouilrr. u\\\ riikiTM Hlmrteri {lorcH iiiiil HlitN on niiuiiI

iiiiin> I iiiiN|iii'iii>iiH.

f, HiiiMil «liiir|i: liiMiil Hlt'iiiliT, iiiiri'iiw kliovo; mtoihI mml n|iiii)' M>ry lnr|{P, \\ ta

lii'Uil : |H'<'toriil mIiiiiI, It III IiuimI. ('olnr Mollt'il Hilvi>ry. I). \ 1,'JI: Im'ikI :i

III IniKtll. AIIMATA, IHIM.

ft. .Snout liliiiillnli, IliK lii^nil Hlniit iiml Itroml iiInivk; Muronil luiiil M|>iiio HliortlHli,

2 III Im'iiiI. Color iIiimUv : <li'|illi iilioiil :i In IciiKili.

/. DiirNiil r»vH \ I, IM; Hi'iili'H liiruc, 44 In liilcrni lln«i |H>ct«>i'iil H in liniil.

rolorilark lii'ownlHJi, ilnitnl. ai.ita, MIU.

//, UorHiil I'tt.vM X I, '.'I or '."J; Mi'iilcH nin<li'riil<<, M to riri; |ii<rtoral I4I11 lixaili

I'aiiiliil 1^; pi'i>oi'b*tul liroail. Tolur MolluilliruHHy, with dark HtroakH

IIUll nioltlin<(M. ( IIHYMOI.I'.tTA, 1H2U.

SubftenuM BAIRDIEL.LA.
IMll. HAIKIIIKIJA (illtVMUKA (Lai< |m'<I<0.
(Maukmoihki.i.k: Ybi.i.i>w taii,.|

Il.::.l :no:H; depth :i to :H; ey«.li in hoad; Hiumt Ij. I). XI-I, 'J2; A.

11. ID: NcalfiH 8-52-12. Itotly obIoii)r,(;oii)|)i'OHHO«l, tliu liiirk iilittluoloviituil,

the |ii(ilil(i (lc|)i'UNHtMl DVin- tlui «\v(>8; Huniit pi'oiiiiiioiit, bliintiHli, im loii^r iih

(vr; lower jaw with a Bingh> Hcrlt'Hof'cloHO-Bot tootl<, in front of whicli aio

a few Hiiinller teeth not forininj; n (Infinite HorioH; upper Jaw with an ontor

Hi'tii's (if Hninll curved eanincH, behind whieh iH a niod«rato liand of Villi-

lorm tcM'th, becomin); wider btterally. Treoporclo Horratu, tlio toeth near

the iin;,'lo lar)fer, tho lowewt and laijroat diieetetl duwnwanl; gill ralvurH

hinitli r, rather long, H-flO; seaieH on head cycloid; base of anal little

olilii|ii('; ventral outline rather regularly rounded; dorsal spines slender,

the lii),'iieHt 2| in head; eandal long, double truncate; pectorals about as

Ion;; IIS tho ventralH, I'i in hea«l; sot't dorsal and anal scaled at le.ist j

tlit'ir height. Second anal spine moderate, 2^ in head, not as long aH the

so:> nys, not reaching to tip of last ray when depressed; mouth large,

somewhat oblique, the premaxillaiy on the level of lower part of the eye;

iimxiiiiiiy reaching mi<ldle of oye, 2^ in head. Color greenish above,

silvtn below; back and sides nion^ or less densely pnnetato with dark

(lots (especially in northern specimens), these forming narrow, stmiewhat

iire^liilai' streakL along the sides; tins plain, mostly yellow in life. Koiith

Atlantic and (Julf coasts of the Tnited States, north to Now York; very

almnilaiit on our sandy shores from Long Island to Texas. It roaches but

a small si/e, hence, althoi\gh an excellent pan tish, it has no groat eeo-

iiomic value. Unlike most of tho other species of the genus, its seeond

anal s|iiue is little enlorgod. (xfjv^oi;, gold; ovpd, tail.)

I'erea inuictata, LiNN.Kl'S, Synt. Nat., Ed. Xii, 482, 1766, in part, South Carolina (not Perca

iniiirtatuiiot Ed. X, wlilcli is UodianuD /ulvus jninelatut).
IHlitirrdiiii chiysuiu», LACftpfcDE, Hist. Nat. ToisH., ill, 64, 1802, South Carolina; after

I.ixx.v.rs.
RiHtiiiiiiiii anjyroleueut et exiguuH, MiTCHii.i., Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. Now York 1816,

417 and 419, pi. 6, tl«..3. New York.
Bodiamm iialUdun, MlTClULt., Trans. Lit. J.- IMiil. .Soc, I, ISl.l, 420, New York.

:!0;{0-^13

.:Li

1434 Bul/ctin 4J, United States National Museum.

tlomoprion xanthurut, IIoi.niiooK, Ii'li. S. Cur., Ed. 1, 170, i»l. 24, 1856 (ikiI L'-wKtuums run-

thunm, IiAC»';i'i;i»i:).
Iloiiioiirion mchtruiicatuK, (Ju.i,, <Jat. Fi«li. K. Coimt I'. S.,:i3, 1801, South Carolina; :iii,.|-

UoIJlllOOK.

Corvina arm/rolfuea, Cuvikr <fe Vai.knciennkb, Hist. Nat. I'oiHs., v, 10,'), 1830; (ii mhh,

Cat., II, ^OU, 1800.
liainliellu punctata. JouoAN &. GlUJKHT, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1H7H, 1177.
IlairdifUa arifi/rolfaca, < Joodk, I'roc. U. S. Nat. iMim. 187'J, 113.
Heiivnapunctata, .Iohuan Jt Uilhkkt, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mu.s. 18K2,;!80; J<)K1>a.\ \ (in m hi,

Synopsis, 570, 1883.
Seiumachrptura, Jduuan \ (iii.iiKiiT, rroo. U.S. Nat. Miis. 1882,606; .1oi<i>an \ Cii.ukih

Synopsis, 933, 188...
Jiainliellachrifniira, Ooudk, Hist. Aqiiat. .\iiini., 375, jil. 126, 1884; tloRDAN &. KiiiKNMA.sN,

I. c, 386, 1889.

181fi. HAIKIUKLLA KNSIFKIU (Jor<Ian A Cilbcrt).

i : 'I

I ' t'i

Hcjul ;U to iik; depth Hi to J^; eyo ^ iu lieutl; snout 5. 1». X-I L>L'; A.
II, 8; scales 8-19-9. ISody compressed, modcratoly elongate, tlio lnuk
little elevated; snout short, bluntish, not protruding, the profile luuily
straight and not very steep to base of first dorsal, along the base of wlijcji
it is nearly horizontal, thence i'gaiu declining along base of .soft doisul;
ventral outline nearly straight to front of anal, then very sharply anirn-
hated, the base of the anal very oblique ; caudal peduncle long and .^^li luUi .
rroHle depressed above head; head moderate, compressed with vi'iticiil
cheeks ; preorbital very narrow, narrower than pujiil ; snout not piojci.tiiii,'
so far as preraaxillaries; prcmaxillarios iu front on tho level of lower iiart '
of pupil; maxillary extending to opposite middle of pupil ; mouth very
oblique, the Jaws nearly even in front, the lower very slightly incliidt'd,
the gap 2j( in head. Teeth slender, small, those in upper jaw in 2 or I'
series, the outer series enlarged; most of the teeth depressible; lower
teeth une(|ual, ehielly biserial, the inner enlarged; symphysis of Ii;\vir
jaw with a slight inwardly projecting knob, bearing teeth a little linger
than the others. Chin with 4 distinct pores, the outer pair round. Inter-
orbital space moderate, slightly convex, a little broader than len^tii of
snout, 4 in head. Eye very large, considerably longer than snout. Pre
opercle with strong teeth, which grow stronger toward the angle, tiif
lowest tooth very strong and directed downward and forward; ojicrdi-
lar 8i)ines blunt and ilatti-sh ; gill rakers numerous, long and slender. !
length of eye, 8-f-16 iu number; scales roughish, extending up on soft
jjortions of vertical huH, covering about ^ of the soft dorsal and more
of the anal. Lateral line not strongly curved, becoming strai^;!!! iu
front of anal. First dorsal high, its spines slenderer than in Ji. armulit.
stouter than in Ji. icistia, the second spine short, slender, very stout,
the length of the third, which is If in length of head. 8oft dorsal nither
high, its longest rays a little less than i head. Caudal subtrunciitc, tlic
middle .and upper rays slightly produced, its length li in head. Distaiico
fion» front of anal to caudal 3^ in length of body; abdomen extremely
long, its length ^ greater than length of head; posterior outline of umd
lin concave, its second spine very long and strong, scarcely sliorter
than soft rays, its length 1^ in head, its distance from the vent ii its

w

fordan and Evcntiaun. — Fishes of North .Imcrica. 1435

|iii"tli; veiitriilH long, l;^ in Icnj^th of head, rcMcliing beyond tips of i)ec-
t,,i:il>, 1)1)1 not i[uite to vent; pectorulH rather short, 1;^ iu head. Color
liiiii>li uiiiy iibove antl on siilos, silvery below; a dark, ill-delinod bluish-
irriiv blotch on upper a.iinrior angle of opercle; mouth yellow within,
l,l;ii kisli towanl tip of lower Jaw; Hpinous dorsal trauHlucent, with dark
niiiK tiilatiou» and a narrow black margin, or sometimes largely blackish;
soft dorsal dusky yellow; caudal and anterior ;5 rays of anal brighter yel-
low ; caudal and membrane between spine and iirst soft '"ay of anal with
I, link ])uuctulatious; posterittr anal rays white; ventrals immaculate;
|i('( i.iials with upper half of axil and membrane of upper rays internally
linnviiish, the upper rays with a slight yellowish tint externally. Length
;v t(Kii. Panama; rather conunon. Of all the American Scia-noids this
s|)( ( ics has the largest amil spine in proj)ortiou to the size of the body.
((II.SM, sword; /tro, I bear.)

Sfiivnn f)iM/t/a, JoKDAN & (iM.HKKT, ISiill. U. S. Flsli Co'iiiP IHKl, Ml:), Panama; Punta

Arenas. (Coll. C. H. (Jillxit.)
CnriiiKi/itlyenn, Vaii.lant, Miss. Si'i. an Mexiiiiu", ltJ4. 1883, Pacific Coast of Mexico,
nairdicUa msifvra, Jouuan & Ekjen.v.'iNN, I. c, ;t87, IHHU.

181A .tAIItniKLliA ICISTI.V (Jurilan \ (iilbert).

(CUUUINETA.)

Head ^ to 3.i; depth 3i to Si. D. X-I, '-'8; A. II, 8; scales 8-51-10.
iiody elongate, compressed, the l»ack a little elevated; snout very shoit,
(•()iii|irossed, and rather blunt, 1 in head ; mouth moderately wide, oblique;
h\\\ ( r Jaw somewhat included ; ma.villary reaching vertical from posterior
marjiin of pupil, 2:| in head; upper Jaw with a narrow band of villiform
teetli and an external series of somewhat larger teeth; lower Jaw with
1 or -* series of teeth smaller than the enlarged teeth of upper Jaw and
iiKiro close-set; iu front this series broadens into a uiirron- band. (Jhin
with I pores; premaxillaries on the level of lower part of pupil, project-
iiii; ;>eyoud snout. Interorbital region slightly depressed. Gill rakers
loiij,' and strong, about 6 + 17 in number. I'reopercle with its lower edge
smooth, the posterior edge armed with distinct 8i)ines, the 3 spines nearest
tiic angle much the longest, the lowest directed vertically downward and
Hoiuiwliat forward. Eye large, its diameter slightly less tliau length of
Hniiiit or than iterorbital width, Ij in length of head. Scales rather
siiiidl ; series of small scales on membrane of dorsal and anal ; lateral line
little arched, becoming straight opposite interval between vent and r.nal.
Spinous dorsal high, the spines all very slender, Aveak, and flexible, more
slender than in other species of this subgenus, the third and fourth about
e(|ual, much longer than the others, the upper margin of the fin very
olili(lue; the longest spine about i",, length of head, much longer than
the soft rays, which are about 3^ in head; second anal spine exceed-
injily strong, If in head, about * length of fourth dorsal spine, and
about as long as first soft ray of anal; middle rays of caudal slightly
produced, \h in head, the fin subtruucate; ventrals lon^^, tLeir length
more than \ the distance from their base to origin of anal; pectorals not
reiicliing vertical from tips of ventrals, about eciual to them in length, 1^

■t*
■ ... J,-

\ \.

t "i

w

1430 nullclin 47, I 'nitcd Stahs National Museum.

in build. Color griiyisli silvery above, silvery on side's and below; dorHiU
rogion with fuiut streaivs produced by darker centers of the scalcH; spj.
nous dorsal blaiikisb, darker on nioipbrano of first spine, the soft portion mh
well as the caudal yellowish dusky ; vcntrais and pectorals jtale, each w itli
a faint yellowish blotch; axil of pectoral Idack above; aiialitale. I'ai iiic
c(»ast of Mexico; rather common abowt Ma/atlan; readily distingnislitMl
from other species by the weakness of its dorsal spines, as well as liy llu-
large number of the soft rays. {(.I'mb to yield; idrioi', sail, from the sleu-
dernessof its species.)

Sciteiia if.iMii, Joukan \ Oii.iiKiir, I'roc, I'. S. Nat. Mas. 18H1, anO, Mazatlan. ( Ivpcs,

Nos. 2818'J, 'J82*.'8. l>«27r), '2H;ifiH. 29560, 21M!n, 2!l6ir., 29775, 29790. Coll. « lllbert.)
Itairdiella iciglia, .Iujidan it Ekienmann, I. c, 387, 1889.

I

f '15

I 11

1817. UAIltlUKLI.A IC0M;|||!K (C'livior iV Val<>iu icnnos).

(KoNCO; (illoUM) UKUMMEK.)

Head ill ; depth 31 ; eye H iu bead. 1). X-1, 23; A. II, 8; sealcs 7-.")0-.s.
liody oblong, compressed, Kcareely angular in outline; profile stiiiiiilit,
rather steep, the snout short and rather acute; eye as long as snout; iikhiiIi
moderate, nearly bori/outal; ]»renuixillary on level of lower part of orbit;
maxillary reaching beyond middle of eye, 2'i in head; teeth as in UidrdicUn
icistia; preojusrcle strongly serrate; gill-rakers O-f- 18. Dorsal Bjtinei- ''cr
still', the highest 2 in head; second anal spine rattier strong, curtcti, ^-_ m
head, as long as first soft ray, and reaching beyond tips of other rays. Vm-
trals slightly longer than pectorals, which are 1? in head; caudal truncate.
Color soiled grayish above, silvery below; faint, dark streaks alouj,' tlio
rows of scales ; spinous dorsal and anterior ])art of anal densely covcnd
with dark dots. Length 6 inches. Atlantic coasts of tropical Auierica,
generally common in the West Indies and along the coast of Ibazil; " a
food-fish of some importance, but small in size; our specimens from
Havana, {lioiico, grunter or croaker, the Spanish name of various s])((i(>8
of JikVuihIoh, romadasis, Bairdiella, etc., from roncar, to snore, or to nnkc a
rough or raucous noise.)

Corvina ronchm, Ccvier & Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., v, 107, 1830, Maracaibo;

Surinam; GCntheu, Cat. Fisli. Brit. Mus., n, 299, I860; GOntueu, Fishes Ccntni;

Amoricn, 387, ISfiO.
liair'lieUa ronchuK, TOEV, Synopsis, 324, 1808.
Sciiviia rnuchv.i, Joudan, Proc. CS. Nut. Mas. 1886,44.
Jiairdiella ronchus, Jokdan & Eioenmann, I. c, 388, 1889.

Subgenus NECTOR, Jordan &. Kvermanii.
1818. BAlKDlKliiiA AKMATA, Gill.

1 lead 3 to 3^ ; depth 3 ; eye 4 j iu head ; snout 4. 1). XI-1, 21 ; A. II, 8 ; scales
7-51-9. Snout sharp, the head slender, narrow above, the interorliital

* Many specimens from Rio Janeiro and from Havana are in the uiuseiim nt Caiiilnid^'c
There is considerable individual variation, but there seems to be no specitic ditlVrciKc
between Cuban and Brazilian examples. A number of specimens in poor couditioii are
also in the niiiseum, supjKJsed to li:ive been obtained by Captain Perry at Veia Criiz.
These have the snout longer, the eye smaller, and the fin's higher than usual in rdiiclKm,
and th»iy niay reiu'csent a ditfereut speeies. In these the snout is 4 iu head, the eye 1},
the longest dorsal spines IJ, the aecoud aual spiue 1^. I), X-1, 24.

I'r '

1.:: ;'

!■■■? '[■'.

!:

i .; ,.

Jordan and F.vermann. — Fishes of North America. 1437

si).iio not broader than oye; .anal Hpino very lon^ and strong, IJ i" hcftd ;
])('cf<iral iin short, H in head; form of liody irregularly rhoniboidal, the
l),is(' (tf the anal fin being oblique; prolilo almost straight anteriorly; eye
inoiliTate, slightly shorter than snout; mouth large, inferior, almost hori-
zontal, maxillary reaching beyond pupil, 2)j in head. Mouth ini'crior or
siiliiiiferior, little obliqne; preorbital broader, gill rakers shorter, and
pori'H and alits on snout more conspit'uotiB than in other species. Upper
jaw with a band of villiform teeth and an outer aeries of enlarged teeth ;
low tr teeth in a moderate band, the inner series slightly enlarged, espe-
ci.illy in young exam])les; gill rakers eomparatively short, 84-1'); dorsal
H|)itii H short and stout, slightly moi'e than 2 in bead ; caudal rounded ; anal
H]iinelS in head; basallialf of the soft dorsal and anal covoreci with scales.
C()l(ir, bluish abov«', silvery below, a rather broad area from snout to caudal
covired with brownish do*"; upper fins and anterior half of anal with
ni.iiiv dots.* Both coastsof tropical America ; not uncommon on the Pacific
co;isi about Panama, and equally abundant on the Atlantic coast, where
it ,s('(Miis to ascend the, rivers. (ar»na/«», armed.)

Hainliflla armata, Gilt., Proc. Ac. Nat. S(u. Phila. 1863, 164, west coast Central America;

,I(iIil)AN it ElOKNMANN, I. c, 388, 1889.

Corrida ncutlrofitrit, Stkindaciineu, Irhtli. Beitr., hi, 28, pi. 4, 1875, Panama.
Corriiiii armatr, UCnther, Fi-sliCH Central America, 387 and 428, 1869.
Vitrriiiii (Jfotnoprion) acxUirottris, Steini)ACI1>'ER, Zur Fiscli-Fnuna dcB Ma]g;dalci)en-
Siromes, 9, 1878.

1S1». n.UKDIKLTii ALIJTA, Jordan ^ Gilbert.

ITcad IVi; dei>th 3j ; D. X-I, 18; A. TI, 8; scales 14, 5 in a vertical series
from front of dorsal to lateral line. Form rather «'longate, the back
n little elevated and compressed; caudal ]ieduncle especially long and
Bleiiilcr; head rather broad abo'. e the eyes, .somewhat depressed, so that
tilt anterior profile is a little concave, in front of which the snout is rather
abnipMy truncate; interorbital si)ace a little broader than the large eye,
the diameter of Avhich is about equal to the length of the snout, and cou-
taini'd about i times in the length of the head. Width of preorbital
I diiiineter of eye. Preopercle strongly serrated, the 3 lowest serrae
radiiiting, the lowest and largest one turned downward and forward;
lower Jaw included, ccmsiderably shorter than up]ter; snout scarcely pro-
jectinuc heyond preniiixillaries; mouth nearly horizo'ital ; premaxillaries
imcli below the level of the eye; maxillary extending to .just beyond
middle of eye. Teeth in both jaws in narrow villiform bands, the outer
Icetli in the upper jaw .somewhat enlarged, those in the lower Jaw all
small. Sides and top of head somewhat cavernous, the surface yielding
to tlie touch, (till rakers shortish, rather slender, about as long as pupil ;
liseiidobranchiae large. Dorsal Iin divi«led nearly to base, the spin<>s
not very high, rather llexible, the longest little more than ^ length of

* Ilairdidla armata is close to Itairdiflla ronchvt, and the cliaracter of the dentition of
tlic lower .jaw, wlilcli we liaveused to divide Bairdiella into minor jfroni)."*, becomes here of
Hl.ghl iiiigiortance. Wo have examined speeinien.sof this .stu'cies from Panama, Kio Majtda-
ItMia, Siin Miitheo, Camaru, Cannarivieras, Curnt^a. Hahia, Pernambueo, Maranhao, and
Itabapiianu. The specimen from the latter locality (10837, M. C. Z.) is nearly a foot long,
and lias the spines a little sliorter and stonter tliau in Panama examples.

V I

'.«)«i'i;)iw\iww?i,'*f*',jwwwwr.ffv-*

1438 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

Jo

m

m

Ill/

it^

■\\

III

J

' >8i

liead, Hncoiul npine a little shorter than third and nearly as hif^h ; HOcdiid
dorsal rathur low; stM-oud anal H])iiH) strong, about A length of hrail,
J height of the soft rays; distance from front of anal to caudal 1'^ in
length of body; distance from vent to anal a little more than A lengtli of
second aual spine; «'audal tin long, double trnncate, the middle rays |in)-
duced, as long as from snout to edge of preopercle ; c-auilal peduncle ( Ckpih
end of anal) \}, in head; anal ending in advante of end of dorsal, its liiHt
spine in advances of middle of soft dorsal; ventrals long, the second ray
tilamentous, reaching vent; pectorals rather short, as long as caiitliij.
•Scales large, those on breast not much smaller; soft ]>;<rts of vertical tins
scaly toward the base. Lower pharyngeals narrow, with small, slender,
pointed teeth, those of the series on the inner edge of the bone nmcli
enlarged, also very slender. Color light reddish brown, dingy with dark
punctulations; ground color a light coppery shade, little silvery; eiK h
scab' with many dark points and a smutty edging; the general hue the
same above and below ; no distinct markings ; preorbital of a soiled silvery ;
fi'is similarly dusky, the caudal yellowish, the anal almost black; in.si(U',
of opercle dusky.

This species strongly resembles i?ajrdic/ia chrysoleuca, apparently ilif-
fering only in the larger scales, fewer dorsal rays, longer caudal fin, 11 nd
larger eyes. The 2 characters last mentioned may be due to youth, the
type of ahita being smaller than any chrysoleuca examined by us. 'I'he
other characters are possibly results of extreme variation, and tlio 2
nominal species may prove to bo identical. Pacific coast of (Joitraj
America; known only from the original type, 7| inches long. ('aAoproj,
unwashed.)

Sctcenn aliita, .Tokdan &■ (iiLliERT, I'roc. IJ. S. Nat. Mas. 1881, 232, La Union, San Sal-
vador. (Type, No. 2812'.). Coll. Ciiiit. Kcnry K.Nicliols.)
Bainlidla aluta, Jokdan &. Kioen.mann, I. «,•., 389, 1889.

1820. lUIitniKLLA (IIKYSULEH^A (Giinther).

Head 3,';; depth 3; eye 5 in head; snout 4. D. X-I, 21 or 22; A. II, 9;
scales (5-50 to 55-13. Back somewhat elevated, the form of the liody
much as in Ophioaeiov scierua and related species; preorbital broader than
in other spc'cies of liairdiella, * width of eye; pores on snout more con-
spicuous than in other species; snout bluntish; interorbital spacti ;{:^;
head thick, somewhat more cavernous than in related forms; mmith
subinferior, little obli(|ue; premaxillary entirely below level of eye; max-
illary 2:-; in head; teeth of outer sei'ies of upper Jaw enlarged, teeth of
lower jaw in a narrow, villiform band; lowest serrie on preopcrde
smaller and loss turned forward than in the other species; dorsal sjiincH
rjither stout, the second strong, the third longest, If in head; second
anal spine .shorter than the soft rays, 2^ in head, the form and size ol'
these spines very variable; gill rakers short and slender, x-f-15, tiic
longest not as long as pupil; caudal fin double truncate; pectoral 11 in
head; caudal lA in head. Color soiled brassy, irregularly mottled with
large patches of shining gcdden brown ; faint dark stripes along the rows
of scales above, those below lateral line nearly horizontal, those almvo

oMi(|iie.*
tnrc of its

Cdirina ehrtj

Panama.

Sciiinn i-hrjiHi

llaii'lii'lla nhi

Let Slelli/i'res
Slelli/<r (CiTVi
StiUi/>riis, St.
l{i,iii"jiri(in,\ .
/eilis, (lII.IlEl
/ettidiiitn, Gl
Stdlicarent, G

This genu
ella and Oj
cavernous c
to the thinn
and much c
among them
4 snltgenera
star ; ftro, I
tals; "L'^o
(liloch).

ZESTIS (^tlTTdv,

I. rrcDpcrole -fl

downward.

n. Jawsaubei

sfiries <

aa. Jaws iin€

jaw in

6. Men

«1

II. I'reopcrcle i
Zestidium (

c. Loweri
d. D<

Stkm.ipei
cc. Low
e.

* This species
scion nfierus aiic
Sciii'iioiilH to thi

t The Rpneric :
It wan restricted
of Stelli/er.

Ii^

Jordan and Rvermann. — Fishes of North America. 14.'i9

olili<|iie.* Pannma, apparently rare ; quite variable, cflpecially in th« aniia-
tiu'i' <»f its preoptTcle. (xpvdoi;, gold; XfVHiii, white.)

Ciiiritia chrj/tolfuca, (Jt'NTHEii, Fish. Central Aiiiciicn, 387 and 427, pi. 67, fig. 1, 1809,

Panama.
,s, i"ii'i I'hri/iioleuea, JonnAN & (r;i,HEnT, Bull. U. S. Fi"'- " ,in. 1881, 310.
i:aii(tiilla ehiysoleuca, Jordan & Euienmann, I.e., 380, 1889.

581. STELLIFER (Oiivior) Okon.

I,fi Slflli/i'res, Ccviek, R^gno Animal, Ed. i, 283, 1817 (itelU/er).

Klelti/'r (CiTViEK) Oken, Inis, 1182, 1817 (utelli/er).

StiUif'nig, .Stauk, Klonicnta Nat. Hist., I, 4i59, 1828(«(cHi/('r).

Il„i„"jiniin,\ HoiJiuooK, Ichtli. S. Carol., Ist ed., 108, 1856 {laneeolata) .

/eat in, <liLHEitT, new Hubgenus (otcitant).

/ettiiliiim, Gilbert, now subgenna (illecebroi^ts).

stillicarenx, Gilbert, new Bubgonus (zestocarut).

This fjenns is composed of small species, all American, allied to Bairdi-
ella and Ophioscion, but distinguished by the remarkably spongy and
cavernous constructiou of the bones of the skull. The septa are reduced
t(i the thinness of the walls of honeycomb. The skull is also very broad
and niu(!h depre8Re<l between the eyes. The species vary considerably
among themselves in these and other respect-s, and may be thrown into
4 subgenera, distinguished by the armature of the preopercle. (atella,
star; /cro, I bear, from the radiated appearance of the spongy suborbi-
tals; "L'^toileque ce poisson porte a I'wil^ m'a engagd a le denommer"
(I'.loch).

Zestis (^fo-To*, sof -boiled) :

I. Tri'opprcle with two strong spine.t only, the uppermost directed b.ickward, tbe lower

downward.
a. ,liiw8subeqa.al, tbe mouth very oblique, large; teeth of lower jaw unequal, the inner
series enlarged. oscitans, 1821.

aa. Jiiws unequal, the lower short and included; month less oblique; teeth of lower
jaw in a villifomi band, aubequal.

6. Mouth liioderate, the maxillary 2J in head; lower spine of preopercle directed
downward and forward. fubthi, 1822.

II. rrenpcrcle serrate, its spinulea 6 to 20.
/.ESTiniUM (diminutive of Zentu) :

c. Lowermost spinule of preopercle directed downwards; body robu.st.

d. Dorsal rays XIV, 20 or 21 ; pectorals short, 1| in head ; gill rakers 5+10 ; col-
oration dark. ili.ecebrosus, 1823.

STEI.I.IFER :

cc. Lowermost spinule of prooperclo not directed downwards ; caudal fin pointed.
e. Mouth large, oblique, the maxillary 2 to 2J in length of head; snout very
short, little projecting.
/. I'reopercle with 3 or 4 spines next the angle, diver^fent, considerably
larger than the others.

*Tliis species, although technically a Tiuirdidla, shows numerous afhnities with Ophio-
aeiim gi-ierus and other species of that genus. It marks the transition from one group of
Sciiiiioids to the other, from those related to Larimn.i to those allied to Scimna.

tTlio generic name ITomoprion was based on a species each of Htdl^fer and liairdiella.
It wa.-* restricted by Gill to the former group, and should therefore be regarded as a aynonym
of atellifer.

\ ': a

ill

1440 Bulletin 47, Ihiited Stales National Museum.

m

If. Pectoral fln long, l)i in liomt; b()«ly<le«'p, coinproHHod; liciid nhiirt,

tlet-p, nioro c(nii]in'H80<l tliaii in rnliito<l HpocioH, tlic iiii( mr-

bital Hpac<< Ibhh dcproHScil, itx widlli 3J in liriiil, llii> Hii|ini-

ociilnrri(1j{C8 less prominent. 1). XF-I, 19. htem.ikku, i-<'J4.

gg. Poctornl fln fltiurt, aliont IJ in licnd; intcrorbitnl spue;' ;i in

liciid; 80(.'ond anal Hpinn24; body rat Ii<-r Hlcndi-r; hikmii an

lonf; tiM «y(\ 4J in head; mouth moderate, oldi<|uc, tiic uui\-

illary not (juito } Ivngtii of licad. cxtondinK.jiiHt pn.st |iii]ijl,

I). XI-l, 20to23. I.ANCK(H.ATUS, 1 ^J,-,.

ff. Prooperclo witli niinierouH nliort, BtrniKlit npinnleH, wliicli dccnaMr
in Hizo rejiiilarly from angle upward; nioutli terminal, tlif max-
illary 2ij in bead; bead extremely H])ongy, pcvtorals \\ in IkmiI.
1). Xll-I, 23 or 24. ekicy.mha. iHjfi.

M. Mouth Buiall, inferior, nearly bori/.ontal, the nuixiUary 3 to 3^ in Ijrail;
snout thick, blunt, and protubon^nt; eye Hmiill, 5 to 0 in bi-ad ; tii'ili
on preojiercle subequal; pruorbital thick and Hwollen, much limador
than eye; body moderately elongate. D. X-I, 19. miohops, m'.'T.
Stelucakkns {Stella, star; carens, lacking) :
III. Preopcrcle without bony Hcrrii', or with a single Homewbat llexihlc imiiit.
D. X 11-19; month large, oblique; head narrow, very Hpon^y: pt'o-
torals li in head. zestoiauvs, 1828,

iii^

Subgenus ZESTIS, Cfilbert.
1821. KTKLLIFKlt OSOITAXS (Jordan & Ollbert).

Head 35; depth 3; «^yo 4^ in head; snont 4J. D. XI-I, 22; A. II, s;
scales 0-53-9, 17 pores, liody oblong, the back somewhat elevated; li(;i(l
very wide and heavy, alino.st quadrate, Hat above; checks nearly vertical;
cranium above, as well as preorbital and preoperclo, cavernous, yicildini;
to the touch; snout heavy, projecting a little beyond premaxillarii's,
much broader than long, its length 4 in head; interorbital space xcry
broad and Hat, its breadth 2} times in length of head; greatest width of
head J its greatest lieiglit; eye moderate, its diameter equal to ,1 the
interorbital space; supraorbital rim slightly elevated.

Mouth very wide and oblique, the lower jaw included; lengtli of fj;ii])('
twice in length of head; premaxillaries anteriorly on the level of the
lower part of pupil; maxillary reaching well beyond the posterior iiiarf>in
of the orbit; chin with a small but distinct knob, the pores around it
not well marked. Teeth .small, not forming villiform bands, in 2 ratlior
irregular series in each jaw, the outer teeth in upper jaw somewhat
enlarged, the large teeth fewer in number and larger than in S. J'liithi.
CJill rakers numerous, very iine Jind slender, the largest nbout | dianioter
of orbit, 21 + 27. Pseudobrauchia! quite small. Preopercle with its angle
evenly rounded, the u]>per and lower limbs nearly equal, the membrana-
ceous margin minutely serrulate; above the angle is a short, very stionj;
spine directed backwards, and at the angle is a similar one directed
obliquely downward and backward ; no other stiff spines on the preoiKMcle.
First and second spines of the dorsal strong and inflexible, second s))ine
about i length of head; third spine longest, about J as long as hoad,
and like the succeeding spines very slender and flexible; eleventh and
twelfth spines longer and stronger than the tenth; soft dorsal anteriorly

Jordan and Rvcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1441

about an Iii^li ah tlio third npiiio; nnal nhort, itn Hecond 8])in(« long and
M>r\ Htrong, nnicli stronj^er than nooond dorHiil npine and h)Uf(or than
till third, itH length rather ninro than \ tho h-ngth of tho head; Hhortcr
tliMii soft niya, itu tip not reaching when depresaed to end of Hoft rayn;
(list aiKo from vent to second anal spine conHiderahly h'HH than h^ngth o.
Hfi iind -inal spine; caudal ronnd«>d, the middle rayH produced, its length
a little less than \ that of head; pectorals broad, reaching almost to
Vint, iibont o(|nal to length of bead; vontruls not reaching nearly to
Milt; soft dorsal, anal, and randal (ins thickly scaled to their tips; the
H|iiiiouH dorsal >vith a thick scaly sheath at base, each spine with a series
()(■ scales; other lins more or less scaly.

Scales large; lateral line with a wide low curve anteriorly, beccmiing
tiirai;j;iit in front of origin of anal; tubes of lateral line ))rauched ante-
riorly, ('oloratiou dusky above, pale below, with some silvery luster; middle
of sides conspicuously ]Hinctulato; upper lins .all brownish, puuctnlate
witli darker; ventrals, anal, and pectoral pale; the anal and pectoral
(lusted with dark points; open-le blackish within; peritoneum dusky
silvery. Tanama; notunconimon. In the dentition and form of its month
it ill iVers from tho other species, approaching the genus liairdiella. {oaeinant,
yawning.)

Snu-iiii (untann, Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1881, 312, Bay of Panama

(Coll. C. II. (lilbcrt) ; Jordan & Giuieut, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 376.
siAli/>'ru» oscilann, Jordan & Kioenmann, I. c, 393, 1889.

I8'2'2. STKLIilFRK FITRTIII* (Steindai;1mer).

Head 3^; depth 2.ii to 3; oy»^ 4., in head. D. XI-I,23; A. 11, 9; scales
(!-4()-10. Hody rather short and deep, the back elevated, and the profile
steep. Mouth mod<^rate, the maxillary reaching lo behind pupil, 2k iu
head; lower spine of preopercle directed downward and forward; bones
of side of head little cavernous ; interorbital width more than j( head ;
iiioiitli low, litth^ oblirpio, the maxillary reaching to behind pupil, 2§ in
head; lower jaw included; teeth of lower jaw subequal, in a narrow villi-
forni band ; gill rakers rath<'r short, few ; snout short, thick, and blunt, pro-
truding beyond the premaxillaries which are on the level of the eye;
highest dorsal spine 1^' in head ; second anal spine small, 2^ in head, shorter
than soft rays; ventrals 2!f in head; pectorals scarcely shorter than head.
Color dull silvery, darker above; lower fins pale. Panama; not rare.
(Named for Ignatius Fiirth, Austrian consul at Panama, who sent a valu-
able collection of fishes to Dr. Steindachner at Vienna.)

('iirrliia (I[omoprion) fiirthi, Stkindachnek, Ichtli. iJeitr., ill, 26, fig. 3, 187.'), Panama.

((JoU. I)>natin8 Fiirtli.)
Sciiua fiirthi, JORDAN <fc GILBERT, Kull. U. S., Fish Coinm. 1881,315.
St illi/ernx fiirthi, Jordan &. Eigknmann, I. c, 393, 1889.

* A cln.soly allied spociea, with larjjer tiioutb, Stellifer raitrifer, Jordan, it, cooiiiiuu on
the toast ni Brazil, and may bo found iu Guiaua.

S5 I

i

': I ]]

1442 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Subgenus ZESTIDIUM.Ciitlirrt.

lH2:t. STKIiiill'KIt II.LKCKIIKOSrs*, (tillicrt.

Ileatl \\\ depth 2|''i, ; oye 5^ to b'i in head; Hiiout 4 to 4^. I). XI\',
20 or 21 ; A. II, 11 ; pectoral 1!) or 20. Dody coiii|>reNHed, ruther deep, lioth
oiitlinoH (curved, the dorsal more than the ventral; head hroud .-iihI <!•)■
proNaud, but Iobh so than in the other species of Stelli/er, the iiiterorliitiil
width «M|uaIing distance from tip of snout to front of pupil, :<! in h«-:iil;
greatest width of head 1,'', to 2,^, in its length. Upper pro'lir do.
pressed above the orbits, the snout rather bluntly rounded, overl,i|>|iiiiir
the premaxillaries but little; uiouth large, moderately oblique, the gape
curved; maxillary reaching vertical froui middle of pupil, or sliglitly
behind this point, its length, measured from front of premaxillarie.s, l'^
to 2f; in head. Teeth in lower Jaw uniform in si/e, in a villiform band
of moderate width, which does not conspicuously increase toward sym-
physis; premaxillary teeth in a similar villiform band, with an outer row
of (enlarged canines, which decrease in size toward the angle of the moulli.
Lips thin, but somewhat thicker than in other species of the genus; '>
large pores in mandible, and 5 in snout immediately behind premaxilla-
ries, the inner pair concealed by overhanging lobes. Back of those aro
three minute pores. Least width of preorbital h the diameter of orliit.
Vertical limb of preopercle with 8 or 9 rather slender spines, increuHJiiij in
size toward the angle, usually 3 of those at the angle »!nlarged and
radiating regularly, or the lowermost n>ay bo directed abruptly down-
ward; the hoi'izontal limb entire or provided with small flexible sjiines,
loosely attached and projecting but little beyond the integument, (iill
rakers short, slender, the longest nearly i the longitudinal diameter of
eye, 5 or (> above angle of arch, 10 or 11 below. Spinous dorsal high, tlie
first two spines strong and rigid, the third to the eleventh weak and llexi-
bl((, the twelfth to the fourteenth again stronger and rigid; second sjjino
nearly ij the third, which is the longest, IJ in head; the fin diminisliin;,'
slowly in height to the sixth spine, then more rapidly to the eleventh,
which is the shortest ; twelfth to fourteenth progressively lengthen and
behmging to the second <lorsal, the last being more than i the length of
the longest ray; second anal spine long and slender, about | the hoi^lit
of the longest ray, equaling distance from tip of snout to front of iiupil;
caudal convex, the lower lobe slightly longer than the upper; pectorals
short and broad, If to 1| in head, the upper angle rounded, not reaehinfj
as far back as the ventrals, which equal tht^m in length ; axillary scales of
ventrals and pectorals very little d«)veloped. Color varying from iini lorni
deep bronze pur])le on body and fins to brownish gray with silvery rellcc-
tions; lower parts of head and body somewhat lighter; tip of mandible
white. Eight specimens, the longest 8 inches, were taken around San
•lose Rock, in the Hay of Panama. This species is isolated most nearly
to Stelli/er minor, in sonie respects intermediate between SteUiJ'(r and
Bairdiella. In this species, 3 slender interneurals not connected with dor-

*Stelli/er minor (Tschndi). a related species with similar opercular armature, is a com-
mou ft Jd fiah of Peru. It reaches a larger size than any of the others.

, , I-

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 144.'J

s;il spinuH lio ill advutu^o of tlio iKMiral Hpiiu' of tlio Hecond vertel)ra; 4
iniciiK'nruls Ki^'>"K attachmoiit to doraiil Hpiiu^H lie crowded botwecn the
iit'iiral s])ine.H of tlie second iiiid third vertobni-, the iinterior one Ituiu^
\ri V broad; W iiiternniiriilH follow iiiterpoaiMl between the third and fourth
nriniils, and :i more between the fourth and lifth. ((HIbert.) {illccebra,
11 .spur.)
Strllit'irmteehriiiHS,iii\.nKwr MS., Fisliim of riiiiuiim, IHoa, Panama, (('oil. liilbort.)

SubgenuN STELLIFER.

1S24. STKIiLIKKK STKLLIKKK (Illocli).

Ill lid 3.i ; depth 34; eye rather larjre, 1^ in head; snout very short and
liliiiit, 4,'; ; 1). XI-I, 19; A. II, H; sealeei 18. Month larj^e, oblique, the max-
illiiiy 2 to 2.i in length of head; rcachin<r posterior border of eye; Hiiout
vciv short, little projecting; preoperclo with 3 or 4 spineH next the angle,
(livc'ijiont, considerably larger than the others; lowermost spinule of pre-
opcrrle not directed downward; pectoral fin long, 1,'- in head; body deep,
(•(impiessed; head short, deep, more compressed than in related species,
tlio iiiterorbital space less de]>ressed, its width 3.> in head, the supraocular
ri(l;;('H less pnuiiinent; anterior profile evenly convex; the premaxillary
on tlic level of lower part of eye; preopercle very convex, forming an arc
of a circle; gill rakers long and slender, J'-f-18, the longest S eye; dorsal
spines slender, rather low, the hnigest l!f in head; secon<l anal spine long
and rather stout, lij in head; caudal iin pointt^d. Coh>r dull silvery, tlu*
(ins not very dark. Coasts of Guiana and Brazil, rather common; the
spefiiiiens above described from Bahia. {stellij'cr, star-bearing, from the
radiiitod suborbital.)

Uoiliaiiiiii stelli/cr, IJi.ocii, Iclitliyologin, pi. 231, 1790, Cape of Good Hope.

CorviiKi tn*pi»o»a, (Ujvieu & Vai.enciexnks, Hist. Nut. I*oi.s.s., v, 109, 1830, Brazil ;

Cayenne; Steinuaiiineu, .Scia-noidcn Unisilicns, 14, 1803.
SeitFiia {Stell{feruii) stellifcra, ,Jouuan, I'roc. U. .S. Xut. Mum. 1880, 540 (notett on type of

trininnosa).
StelliJ'erui *telli/ir, JouDAN & ElQEN.MANN, I. c, 394.

1H25. STELLIFER LAXCEOLATIIS (Holbrook).

Head SJr; depth 3.^ ; eye 4^^; snont 4^. D. XI-I, 20 to 23; A. II, 7 or 8;
scales 5-47 to 50-8. Interorbital width 3 in head; gill rakers 13 + 22,
abonl ^ length of eye; pectoral short, about Ig in head, about as long as
ventral; second anal spine 2^. Body rather slender; mouth moderate,
oblii|ne,the maxillary not quit<! half length of head, extending just past
pupil; premaxillary iu front «m level of lower margin of pupil. Teeth
alMive in broad bands, the outer row enlarged. Scales on head cycloid.
Dors.d spines slender, tlie first two somewhat stronger, the highest about 2
in head ; caudal hi; fjf, lanceolate, 1\ in head ; second anal spine little shorter
than highest dorsal spine; first ventral ray filiform. Cohu' grayish olive
above, silvery beh>w; fins all nearly uniform dusky, the ventrals margined
witli white; many black dots along the sides; base of anal fin and inner
lining of opercle dusky. South Atl intic and Gulf Coast of the United

ir

1444 liiiiU'tin 47, United States National Museum.

Btates, ChftrlMton to Toxas; n nniall flnli, rather raro on onr coftHt, miii
tVom ratlitT dorp water; tlie Hp<iciiii»ii liuro (loMorilted ubtaini'd at Cliuili h.
ton. (lanmolatutt, lanceolatn, from the t'oriii of tho ouiidal.)

Homitpnon laHetnlatiii, Hoi.iibook, Irlitliyol. S. Cnrolina, E<1. 1, 108, pi. 23, 18'>(t. Port
Royal Sound, Beaufort, S. C; (iiHAUit. V. 8. aiitl M<>x, Houixl. HiirTxy, 11, IK.')U.

Seiirna lancfolata, (■I'NTIIKR, (Jnt., il, 280, IHOO; .loRDAN d OlUiEHT, Synn|ialM. Dill, |mh:i

SteUifernt laneeolatuii, GooUE, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mud. lt)81, 113; Jobdan & Eiuknmann, I. ,• ,
aU4, 1880.

Sciaina HeUifera, Juhdan St (iiuiEBT, HynopHU, SOO, 1883.

ll

1H20. NTEIJilKKIt KIUCYMBA (Jurdnn .t Uilljert).

Head 3^t; depth 3J; oyo 5 in head; Hnout 5; 1). XII-I, 23 or 24; \. II, 7
<>r H; BcaleH 5-48-8. Hody Hhort and stout, little conipreHaed, the liark
somewhat elevated, tho caudal peduncle slender; profile nearly Htrai<;lit
and not steep, from tho acarooly truncate snout to the oociput, win m
an angle is formed, the riue thence to the base of the dorsal being iikuo
steep; head very broad, with very cavernous preopercle, prcorbital, and
cranium; interorbital space broad, flat, its least width equal to snout
and ^ of eye, about twice diameter of small eye, 2^ in length of li(>u(l.
Snout very short, not projecting beyond premaxillaries; supraomlar
ridgos prominent; a cross ridge on forehead connecting nostrils; niontii
terminal, oblique, smaller, and more obliipie than in <S'. furthi, its •^iipo
21 in length of head; premaxillaries in front on the level of the lower
part of tho eye; maxillary reaching to opposite ])ostcrior bord(>r nf
pupil ; front of premaxillaries extending farther forward than tip of Himnt.
Teeth much as in 8. furthi; upper jaw with an external series of sniall,
slender teeth, beliind which are 2 or 3 rows of smaller teeth; lower jaw with
a narrow villiform band; pores of chin obscure; symphyseal knob small.
Edge of preoper(;le with several (about 7) rather strong, slender, radial in<;
teeth, the 3 near the angle largest, none of them directed downward
or forward, (iill rakers long and slender, ll-f-18, much more than i
diameter of eye; pseudobrauchite small. Suprascapula prominent, with
sli;uder teeth. Scales large, rather strongly ctenoid; lateral lino very
strongly arched, becoming straight just in front of insertion of anal.
Vertical fins covered with small scales. Spinous dorsal low, tho second
spine much stouter than those succeeding , stiff; other spines very slender
and flexible; second spine as long as snout and h of eye; third spino ;'
length of head; soft dorsal low, rather lower than the spines. Caudal lin
rhombic, the middle rays longest, ^ length of head; least depth of eandal
peduncle } length of head; anal fin small, not very far back, its last rays
well in front of last of dorsal; distance from its first ray to front of eandal
3^ in total length of fish (to base of caudal); its distance behind the vent
about equal to the length of its second spine which is 2^* in head, stont,
but shortish, lower than the soft rays; ventrals moderate, not rea('liin<r
vent, coterminous with the pectorals, which are rather long, i lengtli of
head. Coloration dark brownish above, white below; everywhere with
dark points; upper part with bright-bluish reflections; lower parts with

'Mispriuted 4 in the origiual description.

il,)li,'!<l

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 144/i

dilvi-iy liiatcr; a dark tetn|H>ral lilotnh; lower Jnw bluck witliiii, beliiiwl
till' Iroiit t«'»tli; tliiH ull <lark-l)r()\vniHli, tlir |K>ctnra), aiiul, unil vuiitnilH
(|iiit<t bluck, with minute) dark pointa; tip of HpinuuH tloiHul blauk; liniiiK
iif oporcle diiHky; ])uriton»uin Hilvory. Kay of Tauaiiia, rutliur couiiiiuii,
Tvpi'H fioiii (i to 7 inulivH in luu^tb, and an tbvy are uvitlvntly mature, tliia
gjiK i(>H IH ])r(>liably one of the HmalU'Htof tbeHcia'Uoid liaboH. 'I'liu i-avor-
iioim Htruoturu of the boiiuH of tbo head roacheH in thin Hpet-icH an ex-
ti'i'Mic. (Ei'ivymba, a k«miuh of minnowH with Niniiiar cavcrnuuH httad;
Ifj, , very; nvus^f, cavity.)

SciiiM erieymhn, Joiiiian St (iuJiKiiT, Hull. I'. S. FIhIi Oiiiiii. 1881, Ull, Bay of Panama.

(Coll. C. II.<iilb*<rt.)
Siillijeriit^ frieymhu, Jokuan iV KKit^NiUANN, (. r., :iU4, 18HU.

IHS?. HTKIiLil-'KII MICUOI'N* (St«iiiilu<'liii<'r).

Iliad 3.1 ; do])tb 3J ; «yo 5 t«i 6; snout 4. D. X-I, lt»; A. 11, H; Bcabm r»l.
Itnly niodorittely elongate; Huout thick, blunt, convex, aud protuberant;
bead above Ichh caveriiotiH than uHual in the genuH, more ho below ; ]irc-
upficle (au uHual in this }>;enuH) forming the arc of a circb;; mouth rather
Hiii:i 11, inferior, nearly horizontal; the nuixillary 3 in head; premaxillarios
tMitiitly below level of eye; lower , jaw cavernouN; gill rakers about x-f 16,
aiioiit ^ diameter of eye; no pores or slits at end of snout; interorbitul
gpaio 2g in bead; dorsal spines low, the longest Iji in head; soft dorsal
Iii<:li, the longest ray 2,>| iu head; second anal spiue rather large, 1$ in
head; pectoral 1,\; teeth on proopercle subcqual; preorbital thick and
swollfii, much bro'vder tlian eye. Color ])ale, nearly jilain; faint oblitpte
gti'iaks along the rows of scales, those below lateral line running oblii|nely
upward and backward; scales of sides with many brown dots. Length
;U inches, ('oast of Bra/.il and (juiana. The specimens here described
{■i')f<\, M. C. Z.) collected at I'ara by Dr. Hteiudachner. ( /niH/joe aniall ; roil),
eye. )
Corriiia tteUi/era, GCntheb, Cat., II, 299, 1860, West Indies (not jiuUianui *telU/er,

liLOCU).

CoriiiKi micropt, Steindachnek, Ichih. Not., i, 0, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1864, Guiana.
ateltijerua microps, Juhuan & Eioenmann, I. c, 395, 1889.

I i

Subgenus STELL.ICARENS, Gilbert.
1M2H. NTELIilFEU ZKNTOCAllVK, Gilbert.

Head 3i to 3^ ; depth 2'i to 2i''f ; eye 3ii to 3|f iu head; snout 4i. Pores in
lattral line 47 to 50. D. XII, 19; A. II, 10. Hody comparatively deep and
coin pressed, with narrow head, large oblique mouth, the greatest width
ot head 1^ to 1:{ in its length. Anterior i)rolile rising in an even convex
curve to front of dorsal, depressed very little if at all above the orbits;
;;rea test depth under front of spinous dorsal; length of caudal peduncle
iiuaHured from base of last anal ray IU iu bead; from last dorsal ray Ig ;
lea.st depth of caudal peduncle 2f in head ; bead extremely soft, the bones

* A ruliitoil species, Stellifer nano, Jordan, having tbo oyo large, pnd the lower teeth on
preorbital enlarged, occurH iu Brazil.

m

Mi

1440 nullitin /7, ruihd Statm Nolmutl Museum.

fltivcrnoiiH ; Hiioiit MiiiitiHli, not |>rn|«><>t>ltiK Itryoiul tlie ]>r«MiiiixiIIurif>M. it,,
loiifith M ill ImmkI; lowor .|ii\v Iii«iIii<I«mI, tin* tip prtMliiced into a Hhorl hiit
iliHtinrt Hyniph.vHoiil l<nol>; nioiitli liir){«S vory ol)iii|iii<, tlio nntxilhtrv
(nivnHur«>(l from front of Hiiont) otpialin^ iiMij^lli of nnoiit iind «iyi>, -j ji,
IhmuI. 1'i'*'tli ill narrow villiforni IhiikIm in hotli Juwh, widuHt in Nltlr-. oi'
proiiiiixilliu'ioN; noiwt of tlio ti^uth eiilar^etl ; lipHtliiii; inonlal anil roNiril
port'H iniiiiit«t; intrrorbital Hparo triinHv<>rHoly convi^x, 2.) to l.'|''„ in liiiiil;
Hiipraorltitiil ri<lg«!H prominent; pn>op(;r«-lt> witli a wiilo iiKHiiltranoiiH Imi.
tlur which Is Hli'on^tlirn«<(l lutar tlio aii^lo with ilivurKin^ riliH; aNiii;;|i>,
ruthorHtilV Hpino dirtirtnl liankwanl, InimtMliuti'ly aliovo tlio an^l*'. liilj
rakora niiiiieroiiH, \»\\^ ami Nlenilttr, about LM) on hori/ontiil liinlt of anji,
tho loii(roBt \ tlio iliaiiK'tttr of orhit. Kyo lar^ro, olliptinil, tho Ion;; ji\iH
ohlii|iio, o<|iiaIing diHtanro from tip of Hiioiit to front of pupil. Ijhm
hi)<li,(lunHoly Hcalod, incliKlin^ thn Hpinoim ilofHal; th'Ht and Hocond doiNal
HpinoH rath(>r Htron|r and HtitV, tho third and Hiiruooditi); Npim>H lioxiMc;
third Hpino h)n);()Ht, \\ in lioad; tho ninth Hplno Ih uhortuHt, tho truth ami
uloventh longer, bclonj^iii;; to tho Hoft dorsal; hist :< apiiicM Ht!iiii;^iT
andriKid; socond anal N)iiiio lonp; and rather sh-ndor, 2^ to2' in h'liuth
of huad; longest anal ray Iji to l^j iu head; anal baNiH lon^, e<|iialin)jr leiii;ili
of Hnont and eye; caudal iloiilile truncate, ulimmt lanceolate, the iiiiilillo
rayH much produced, 1^ or 1.1 iu head; portoralH lon^, reaching hovoml
voiit, \\, in head; vontralH not nearly reachioff vent, U to \\ in Iniul.
HcaloH thin, docidnotiH, weakly cteuoid; head completely Hcaled. Colur
nearly uniform jfrayiHh Hilvery above, bright silvery below; fluH Kli^litly
dusky; mouth and ^ill cavities Hilvery white, a blackish blotch in ilio
repou of the iiHeudobranchiji'. Seven H|)i'ciincnH known, all fr I'anatna
Bay, the longest about U inches long. ((Jilbert.) (Cc(^ro5, boiiod;

Hixiid, heivd. )
Stelli/er zegfocanis, liiijiKUT M.S., FImIiohoI' Paiiniiia, 1H08, Panama. (C'oU. C. II. (iilhcil.)

582. OPHIOSCION, tiill.

Ophiogciim, (rli.L, Troi'. Ac. Nat. S«i. I'liiln. IHICI, 104 [tiipicttt),
*'('(, ,#inn/»,(iii-iiKiiT,iii'W Hiiliui'iiiiH {veniiieiitarix).

This genus is composed of small species, nearly all American, :il!ie(l to
.sv»(i«a (Sviona umbra L.), but ditVoring in tho armature of tho preopcn If,
its bony margin being at Jill ages armed with strong persistent houh',
tho lowermost teeth not directed forward. The caudal fin in this group is
flever lunate; the soft dors.al and anal are scaly; teeth iu bands; jfjil
rakers rather short. (u0/s, suake; dniuy, Scitviia.)

Oi'iiiosriox :
I. Caudcil tin convox or double tniiicatu, tlio miiMle rayH longcHt; touth iu I lie lnwcr
Jaw tMiiiiil, in a villiforin band,
a. Caudal laiiceolato, na long an luMid iu adult; soft dorsal rays 21 to 23.

6. Auti'rior profllo of lioad not concave j caudal moderate, shorter tlian li.ail.

D. X-I, 22or23; head low, subconic; maxillary 3 J iuhea«l. Colorsoilcil

brassy, with dark streaks alon^; the rows of scales. adustis. IHi'9.

bb. Anterior ])roHlc of head more or less concave, especially in old cxninplis;

caudal lanceolate, as Ion;; as hcid. Color grayish ; the tins largely bl:i( k.

Jordan and Jurrmann, —/'isfus of Xorth .hNin'ta. 1 147

I*. K.v<< Inruiv M] In Itfiiil mimiui |iri>|i'i'tliii; li«\i)ii<l tlix nhuiII iiiniith, Itin
iiiiixllltir> '.') iiiliiMiil 1 |>ri<o|ii'ri'li'\«|||iiiuiiirri)iiM)«|iiiM'it. I), \ I,'.''.',

TV I'll Tit, ih:io.

ee, Kyc Htniill. 4 to 1) in liniil , Hnitiil liltir pro|i'i'tinu; initiith wlilor, the
niuxllliirx H>, ill liiMil, |ii'i'<i|i<'irli' wiili 4 In <\ Hpiiit"*

hriiAiio, IKII.

aa, ('uiiiliil llii irrnunlurly il<inlili> tntiiiiit)', miirli Hlioilcr than I In- Ih'imI : mtl't ilorMul

Willi '.'4 lo W i'u\H.

e. Snout mill li |tri>ii'rllnu licMinil llio |iri>iniixlllin'li'H; lii-jiil liliiiil, miniKwIiiil

K|Minuy' (••><I.V I'lllliiT il|ti'|i, niiii|ti'rHHi'<| ; lliit liark ciiiiHiilt'rillily I'lio

vnli'il. dolor iinilorni iliill lirnwiil-<li willioiil iliirU HlroiikM.

/. ri'oliiniU 1^ in liniil; niiixilliiiy '-^S In Ik'imI ; liciiil Iikh ili'|iri'Niif«<l,

o\ fivwlmri' I'oiinili'il.

MIMI I.I'M, Ih:I'.'.

/. I'iM'loi'iiU iilnioHt iix lontc o'* l>*''><l ; nin\lll;iiy 11 in lii'iiil ; Iniiil low anil

Hiiiall. i.Mii'Ki'H, ih:i:i.

ei". Snout Hcairi'ly |ii'oJi>('tint( liryonil tin |ii'i'iiia\illarii"4; lirtail not m'I'\ nIimi

iliT; lioily rolMint; |irollli' Hti'<'|i: Itark aiiil Miili'H with roiiH|iiriioiiH

hliK'kiitli Ntri-aka aloiij; Iho i'onnmoI' MraleH; niaxlllary It In liimilj ran-

(hil i;| In hiNiil ; |H'rluralH 1|; Huh iliiaky. m'tKld'H, 1h;i4,

SM.MritVH (triyfiOt HlKiiia: iiu^ici, tail):

II. Caiiilal l''Hha|ii>il, th<< nnlt)^ iipiirr aii(;li< inuili proiliii'iMl, Iom^it than nioiliiin rayn.

'I'l'i'lli in luwrr.jaw iinri|iial, a Mt'rifM of lar^t'i- oni^i Ixtin;; jii'tsi'nt hi'MJileH IIiomo

of tint vMlironii baiiil ; lioily will< iliMtinct ilai'k HtiTukH; tint iliiHky. Sn'onil

anal Hpinu KtroiiK, 2 in hoail. D. \-I, 25. VKU.Mict'LAItlH, 1HU5.

SubKcnuB OPHIOSCION.

IH>.M». OlMIIOSt ION .IIM'MTI S (AkuhnI/).

ilciul ;J»; (loptli :\\. I). XI-I, 22; A. II, 7; Hoal«H HI (jxtros); ayti .'<){ in
III Mil; Niioiit l.t; iiiiixilliiry 31,; pntorbitiil ulMuit hh Itroad uh oye. Kody
('iiiii|)i'i'8H«(l, of iiioderiito doptli, the IkmuI low, .siibconir, n<MitiNli, lint/
liliiiitt'd at tip of Hiioiit. .Snout iiitlHsr lon^, projurtinj;, its iihiiuI poniH
iiiiil HlitH w«>ll d*'vulop»d; eye rathor Hiiiall ; mouth Hinall, inforior, hori-
zontal, tho niaxillury reac^hinj? to oppoHit*^ jtostiTior odj;t< ot jmpil. Lowor
tiM'tii I'qiiul, in u broadish band; upper tuoth witli tiio outer row a littlo
('iilai'<;*>d; intororbital width 'Ak >■> hnul. rruoperch) willi v«;rti<-al limb
and rounded aii^h^ with about 8 rathor stron;; tueth. (iill rakers very
nliort, thicker than hij^h. Scales regularly placed, thone below lateral
Hue in hori/.ontal series; lateral lino becoming Htrai<rbt before aiial. Dor
Hul spines stout, the longest 1;{ in head; loii|n;est soft rays H; second
anil] spine short and very stout, 2 in head. Pectoral long, 1^ in head.
Ciller soiled brassy, a faint small tlark spot on each scale of back and
sides, these forming dusky streaks along each row of scales; fins all
(lark, with dark points, the pectorals, veiitrals, and anal darkest. West
Iiiilies to coast of Mra/il. llvve described from No. 22417, M. (.'. Z.,
7 iiiciies long, collected at Pernambuco by Kev. .1. ('. Fletcher. Two other
sjM'cimens exa)nined by us, «ne from .Terdmie, llayti (1>. X-I, 2:5), and
another (1031, M. C. Z.) from Fonteboa, IJrazil. This specimen, with its
co-types from Jeromie and Kouteboa, was referred by .Tordan A- Eigeu-
maim (Rev. Scia'n., 403, 188!)) to Schnia ndiiHta, Agassiz. This determi-
nation is apparently correct. It is, however, not the species called Sciaiia
itdmta by Eigoumanu, Ann. N. Y, Ac. 1894, 631, which is the young oi'

' i

1448 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum,

tho fresh-water LepiptcruH bonariciiBiH. Agassiz's (ijjiiro of Sciwna adiinlu
hIiowh 19 or 20 soft uorsal rays. 'I'liis is apparently an error of the art ist,
while tho description whicii given 2S soft dorsal rays is a slijt or luisjuint
of the author. Dr. Carlos Herg (Aun. Mus. Nac. ISuenos Aires 18!)r». .",;})
observes: "The numbiir of rajs of the vertical (ins is Homewhat variaMc,
as is also tho intensity of tho oblique dusky streaks. I oltserve tho follow-
ing fornmla : I). X-I, L'3 to X-I, 26 ; A. II, 7 or 8. Scales 51 to (50." ( adutihi.,
8C(»rched brown.)

Seiccna (Vorcina) adu»ta, AdAssiz, Spix. liruHil., 120, pi. 70, 1820, Montevideo.
Hciwna aduttti, Joiidan it Kkienmann, Keview Sciicnidii;, 40.'», 188'J; IJeku, AhilMuh.
Nac. liueiioH Aiit-H 1895, 5;t.

is:m». oiMiiosnoN typhus. Oiii.

Hoad3i; depth 'A^; eye H.^ in head; snout '^. D. X-I, 22; A. 11.7;
scales .5-50-7. Aut»!rior profile more or less coneave, eapoeii'Uy in old
examples, the head being very low and slender; eaudal lin lanceolate,
almost as l(»ug as head; snout short and liluutish, projeetinga little beyond
tho premaxillarios, al)oui :'.h long as eye; mouth small, low, nuixillary
extending to below middle of eyo, 2.1 in head; teeth in both Jaws In mod-
erate bands, tho outer series of tho upper .jaw enlarged; highest (loiHal
spiuo 1* in head; anal sjtino very thick, strong, as long as tlie rays, 1 ; In
head ; pectorals about as long as ventrals; lirs*^^ ventral ray liliform. Color,
grayish; anal and ventral tins largel,v black. Panama, not uuconiinon,
In its slender head and lanceoliite caudal fin it would seem to differ widely
from most of the related f(u-ms. Its relaticuis with O. scierns are, howcv ci ,
close, and (). imicepx is evidently intermediate, {tupisiis, typical.)

Ophioscion typieu*, GlLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. ISO!!, 105, west coast Central

America.
Vorvina ophiogcion, GON'niEii, Kish. Coiilral America, 387 and 428, 1806, Panama.
,Sci(ena ophioscion, Joudan A- Gii.heht, iiiill. U. S. Fi.sh Counii. 1881, 315.
Scicena typica*, Joudan &. Eioenmann, I. c, 404, 1889.

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; 1

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18:n. OIMIIOSCIO> KTKAKO, Cilbcrt.

HeadSf; dei>th 3j^. D. X-I, 22 or 23; A. II, 6; eye 4 to H in head; snout
3^; maxillary 3^ to 3j; highest dorsal spine Ig to IJ; dorsal ray 2,',; anal
ray li ; candal 3* in length ; pectorals 4:i ; ventrals 5; scales 5 or ()-l!i-l().
Closely allied to (>. inpu'iin, having tnj same general shape and tho i Ion-
gated candal, which is longer than head. It differs consiiicuously in its
much smaller eye, its heavier, shorter snout, wiiicli barely protrndcs
beyond the mouth, and its longer, less numerous, preopercular spini'H.
Snout bluntly rounded, little projecting, the mouth short and broad com-
pared with O. typicHS. Anterior upper profile very couc-ave, rising rapidly
from occiput to dorsal, growing sharply compressed. Mouth modera tidy
oblique, subternnnal, the snout protruding beyond the jtremaxillarics tor
a distance (measured axially) equaling \ diameter of pupil; maxillary

*T1jo unde.sirability of such words as "typieut" as specific nanien is very cvidini in
this ca.se. In Ibllowiug the law of priority in refcrriujj the species to Sdceiia, tiic .spiiies
lias pos.ses8ed a name which is mdf-contradictory, as this is one of the species most unlike
the real type of Scimna. If Ophiotcion is recognized, this solecism is not evident.

Il

i

1

■

1

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Jorda n and Evcrmnn n . — Fishes of North A m erica . 1 4 49

reii' liiiiK slij^htly bt'hind front of orbit. Mandibular teoth of (m|Uu1 size,
ill n \viil« villifonn baud; proniaxillary baud similar, procodod l)y an outer
row ol' short sleiidor caninoH; prcorbital rather narrow, half intororbital
width; oyc8 Huiall, obliquely sot; interorbital wpace trauRvt-rsflly convex,
its .\i<lth 3? in head; a low superciliary ridge; preopercular ninrgiii with
•I (cw (4 to G) slender needle-like spines, the 3 longer ones wide spaced,
(Viiily radiating about the ang'ie; margin of lower limb furnisiied with
:, or <> minute spinous teeth, compressed, triangular, and flexible; gill
niki iH short, slender, and about k diameter of pupil, 6 or 7 above angle,
12 lirlow ; lirst 2 and last li dorsal spines rather strong and rigid, the
otht rs exceedingly slender and flexible; third spine the longest, reaching
liovond base of tenth spine when depressed, 1| to I'i in length of head;
ttiit h spine shortest, the eleventh longer, representing the first ray of second
iloisal; distaiuse from last dorsal ray to base of middle caudal ray equals
ieiifith of buout and V of eye; second anal si»ine long and slender, ^
or slightly more than .1 length of head, f or } the buigest anal ray; anal
biiHs but little more oblique than the rest of the abdominal profile ; distance
from base of last anal ray to base of middle caudal ray slightly exceeds
(liBtauce froTU tip of snout to prcopercular margin; caudal lanceolate, the
miildle rays much produced, equaling distance from tip of snout to axil of
jiei liirals; pect(»rals short, scarcely reaching tips of ventrals, the latter
not to vent; outer ventral ray slightly produced beyond the rest. .Se.iles
sinaller than in (K tijiiicus, 5 or (5 in the vertical series between lateral line
,111(1 back; arch of lateral lino ending over the anterior portion of anal
liii; head almost entirely scaled, including maiulible, branchiostegal rays,
preorbital, and top of head forward to near extreme tij) of snout ; on snout,
prcorbital, and mandibles, the scales are cycloid. Color in spirits, nearly
iinitbrm light brown, lighter below and with some silvery luster; fins all
dusky, the anal and ventrals black, the outer ventral ray white; opercular
lining dusky. Six specimens, the hmgest 5 inches long, from San Juan
Lagoon, south of (Juaymas, Mexico. (Gilbert.) (strabo, a blinkard, from
the small obli([ue eyes.)

Olihiufion strabo, Gilbeiit, rroc. 'J. S. Nat. Mua. 18!t0 (18<)7), 444, San Juan Lagoon,
south of Guaymas, Mfixico. (Typi', No. 47742, V. H. N. M. (JoU. C. 11. (.lilbtTt.)

;i

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i.

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18.82. OIMIIOSCION SI.MILI'S, Gilbert.

Head 3-^; depth 3;3; eye ^ in head. 1), XI, 26; A II, 7; V. 18 or 19;
pores in latt^ral line i50; and smaller scales covering l)aso of caudal lin.
Body more elongate and less compressed than in other species, the head
especially characterized by rounded outlines; jireorbitals turgid; snout
blunt, scarcely at all compressed, evenly rounded in all directions; top of
hciid everywhere transversely convex, not at all depressed over the orbits;
a sciircely noticeabbs depression at occiput, WMth the exception of which
the profile rises slowly and evenly to the front (»f the dorsal fin ; predorsal
region transversely evenly convex, not compressed to a ridge except imme-
diately in front of first dorsal spine ; dorsal and ventral outlines about
e(|U!illy curved, the base of anal tin but little more oblique than the normal
contour at that point. Mouth wide, broadly U-shaped as seen from below,
3030 14

I M'A

1450 Btillctin ^7, Ibiitcd States National Museum.

.f.

overpassed by the bluntly rounded snout for a distance (taken axinlly)
etiual to I diameter of pupil; cleft of the nuuitli moderately oblique, the
maxillary reaching vertical from middle of pupil; length of maNilliiiy
(measured from front of premaxillarics) 3^^ in head ; mandible with a biond
band of viUiform teeth of uniform si/e; preniaxillaries with a siniilar
broad viUiform band, preceded by an outer series of small canines. ( List--
set, smaller in si/e than in related species; preorbitiil of moderate widtli,
swollen and turgid as in Pachjiurnii, its width 6^ in head; posterior n<istiil
large, circular, without trace of raised membranous edge; anterior nos-
tril vertically elliptical, small, and with raised margin; prcoperc ul.ir
margin with 14 to JO spinous teeth (in the type specimen), the upper owes
minute, increasing in si/e toward preopercular angle, around wlileli tliey
evenly radiate, none conspicuously enlarged, and the lowermost not
directed abruptly downward. (Jill rakers short, the longest about e(|u;il.
ing diameter of posterior nostril, 7 movable om-s on upper limb of arch,
13 below. First dorsal high, of very slender llexible spines, ex<e]it (lie
first two; second spine strong and rigid, as long as the fourth, contiiinod
If times in the head; third spine the longest, reatdiiug when declined to
base of first ray of second dorsal, its length 1? in head ; from the tliird,
the spines decrease rapidly, so that the distal margin of the fin is snh-
vertical ; the tenth spine shortest, its membrane reaching base only of tlic,
eleventh, which belongs to second dorsal and is if diameter of the eye; soc-
oiul dorsal high, the longest ray equaling length of 8u<mt and eye; eandiil
sublaueeolate, mutilated so that its exact shape can not bo ascertaiiiod;
middle rays considerably longer than the outer, and at least | leniitli ol
head; second anal spine hmg and strong, its length 1| in head, sliululv
greater than that of first soft ray which, however, projects beyond it;
outer ventral ray produced in a very short filantt^nt, about ^ diameter
of eye; ventral spine 2^, in head, the hmgest ray, exclusive of filaniont,
1.} in head, reaching 5 distance from their base to vent; pectorals 11
in head, reachiug a vertical from tips of ventrals. Lips, Itranchioistt'-
gals, gular membranes, and under side of snout naked, head and body
otherwise scaled; scales on mandible and those in advance of nostrils
cycloid or those on to)» of snout very weakly ctenoid, scales otlierwisi'
strongly ctenoid; second dorsal and anal with a definite low scaly sluaili
at base consisting of a single series of small scales, and, in additi<m, scries
of scales on th(! membranes extending :^ distance to tip. Caudal scalid to
tip; lateral line with a long low curve, the height of which e<iuals .} dl;inie-
ter of orbit. Color steel gray above, without dark streaks, white liclow,
the cheeks and lower portion of sides with nuich brown specking, some-
times confined to the margins of the scales; nioutji white within; linini,'
of opercles blackish ; lins dusky, the distal part of ventrals black, the outer
ray white; anal with the anterior rays tipped with black. A single speci-
men, about 8 inches long. I'anama. This species is closely related to
O. seierus, but differs in the longer, less compressed body, the plain colora-
tion, the turgid i>reorbitals, less arched lateral line, and smaller teeth.
(Gilbert.) (A diminutive of simiia, snub-nosed.)
Ophiotcion giviuhig, Gilbert MS., Fishes of rauama 1898, Panama (Coll. C. JI. (iillnrl.)

/on

Ilcad.SJ;

snoiil, 4^ in

vaicd, the c

hiw ; the sn

orliital regi<

to I lie base

oi|n:il to till

thickness ol

wider than

wiiio. gibb»

hoi izontal,

ll;,i;- little for

ot" eye; ])rei

lenuth of ga

in lioth jaws,

wltli strong

otiieis, none

preceded by

iiranehia' hum

not longer tl

hecoiiilng str

hiuli, the sjiii

the others, 21

than the soft

\vayiii». Cau(

upjier iingle a(

anal Inserted i

the tirst ray tc

shorllsh, but r

length conside

1 the length (

nnal. not to ti

Color dull bro

the sjiinou.s do:

points; ventra

lia.so of pector;

parts; perltou<

mens of this s

raiiama. It r

with that grou

and little cave

species referret

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1451

1S»S. OI>ilIOSt'IO>f IMICKFS (Jorilun \ (iillicrt).

llcivd 3J ; depth 3. J), XI-I, 25: A. II, 8; scales 5-51-9; eye longer than
siioiit, 4i^ in head. Hody deep and compressed, tlie bark considerably ele-
vaiitl, the caudal peduncle short and deep; head very small, narrow, and
|,n\ ; the snout bluntly pointed, the proiile from the nostrils to tlie inter-
(irliitiil region not steep, thence rising stcei)ly a. 'tli a considerable curve
l(> I lie base of the dorsiil; depth of tlie head at the middle of the eye
(ii|ii:il to the length of the snout and eye, and about e(iual to tiie greatest
tliii kness of the head; interorbital space narrow, little convex, little
widtr than eye, 4 in head, about e(|ual to length of snout; preorbital
wide, gibbous; i>reoperch' somewhat cavernous; nmuth small, inferior,
hoii/ontal, the lower jaw much overlapped by the snout, its tip exteud-
ii;u little forward of the nostrils; maxillary extending to ojtposite middle
of t'ye; premaxillary in front, far below level of lower edge of eye;
Icimth of gape 85 in head; teeth very small, in narrow villiform bands
in lioth jaws, tlie outer row in the upper jaw enlarged. Treopercle armed
witli stnmg radiating teeth, about 3 near the angle larger than the
otliers, none of them directed downward. Chin with 2 large pores,
preceded by 2 smaller ones, and without symphyseal knob. Pseudo-
braiichiic small. (Jill rakers (as in Ophioxcion tt/piciia) minute, slender,
uot longer than nostril. Scales roughish; lateral line strongly curved,
beioining straight opposite middle of anal iin. Spinous dorsal i-ather
liiuli, the spines not very slender, the second spine a little fstronger than
the i)thers, 21 in head, the highest spine If in head, considerably higher
tliiiii the soft rays; soft dorsal and anal tins scaled a little more than half-
way up. {'audal double truncate, the middle rays moderately produced, the
lipjxr angle acute, tlu; lower rounded; middle rays of caudal 1= in head;
anal insertetl nearly under the middle of the soft dorsal, the distance from
the tirst ray to base of caudal 3|'i in length of body; second anal spine
Hliorlish, but rather strong, somewhat shorter than the first soft ray, its
length considerably greater than its distance from the vent and ecjual to
1 tlie length of the head; ventrals small, reaching about halfway to
anal, not to tip of pectorals, which are long, scarcely shorter than head.
Color dull brown above; belly white, but not silvery; upper tins Itrown,
the sjiinous dorsal dusky at tip; anal dusky, thickly studded with dark
points; ventrals and pectorals dusky; a faint band of dark points from
liaao of pectoral straight to caudal, bounding the dark color of the upper
parts; peritoneum white; lining of opercles partly black. Three speci-
iiR'iis of this species, each 6^ inches in length, were taken in the Bay of
raiiama. It resembles the species of Siellij'er, and it has real athnities
with that group. The head is, however, dilferent, being low and narrow,
and little cavernous, while the gill rakers are very short, as in the other
species referred to Ophioscion. {imus, lowest; cepa, head.)

Si-iii'iiii imieri)S. JounAN,ife Gir.HEKT, Hull. V. S. Fish Coiniii. 18S1, :{09. Bay of Panama
(Types, Nos. 29432, 29481, 29489. Coll. C. H. Gilbert) ; Jordan &. EiOENMANN, I. c, 404.

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1462 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

1884. OPIIIOBCIOX NCIKRI'H (.ToHlnii & Gilbert).

Head M (1 In totiil); depth 3 to 3^; eye 5^ in liead. 1). X-I, 24; A n
7; st^ales «!-50 to 55-12. Hotly oblong, the oiiidal p«Hluucle slender, ili,.
back moderately elevated; snout rutbor aciutr, projectiuj? niodcrutdy
beyond the preniaxillaries, its length 3[; in head; anterior proliln Hli;;litlv
concave abov«^ eye, thence from nape to dorsal steep and rather stion^^lv
convex; mouth of moderate size, little obli([ue, stibiulerior, the maxiliuiy
extending t«) rather beyond the jiosterior margin of pupil, its lenj;tli '.\\
in head. Teeth in the lower jaw in a rather broad villiform band, ilir
outer tt^eth not enlarged, similar to the inner teeth; outer teeth of upixr
jaw moderately enlarged. Interorbital space rather narrow, gently con.
vex, its width 5i in head. (<ranium not spongy to the touch; preopeide
rather coarstdy serrate, the teeth near the angle lai-gest, none of them
directed forward. Gill rakers thickish, extremely short and small, ilie
longest not longer than nostril. Scales rather small, the soft dorsal ;inil
anal well scaled. Dorsal spines rather slender and low, the second imioli
stouter than the third, which is longest, 2 in head; longest soft my ol
doisal 21 in head; caudal tin irregularly double truncate, the median
rays longest, 1;' in head, the upper angle not produced; longest Holt
rays of anal about A head; second anal spine robust, rather long, 1{; in
head; pectorals reaching past tips of ventrals, \\ in head; ventrais l-j.
('(dor steel gray above, dull silvery below, everywhere much soiled witii
dark brown points; center of each scale dark brown; these dark spots
conHuent in narrow but distinct dark stripes, which follow the direction
of the rows of scales; streaks above lateral line anteriorly runniui,^ oti-
litjuely upward and backward; below lateral line horizontal posteriorly
and somewhat undulating; fins plain ; the edge of the spinous dorsal ami
the whole of the Jiual and ventrals blackish ; other fins paler. Pacifi*; coast
of tropical America from Mazatlan to Panama; one of the most abundant
of the Sciatnoid fishes on the west coast of Mexico. Here described IVoni
No. 29490, 9 inches long, from Panama. (dHiepoc, dusky.)

Hcuvna vcrmicularis, Jokdan i Gilbeut, Hull. U. S. Fiali Coram. 1881, 315 (not Vorrinn

vcrmiculari», GC"N I'HEU) .
Sciceiia iciera, .Tokuan &■ Gilbekt, Troci. I'. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 480, Mazatlan; Panama

(Types, Nos. 28385, U!»229, 29269, 29275, 29337, 29038, 29490, 29499. Coll. C. H. tiillicit):

Jordan &. Eiqenmann, I. c 404, 1889.

Subgenus SIGMURUS, Gilbert.

I8»5. OPHIOSCIO.N VEB.nH'lILARIS (Giinthcr).

Head 3'; ; depth 3. D. X-I, 27; A. II, 8; orbit 5 in head; snout Sii ; max-
illary 3; highest dorsal spint^ 1^] dorsal ray 4; second anal spine L',', ;
length of candal tin I3 ; ventrals Ig ; pectorals 1^. Body robust, deep; tlif
back considerably elevated; ventral outline rounded. Head Honiewhiit
compressed; prolile steep, a little concave over the head; mouth (t1ilii|iie;
premaxillaries below level of the eye; maxillary reaching to the vertical
from middle of pupil; lower jaw included; teeth on jaws une(|iial, an
outside series of larger ones being present, besides those of the villiroriii

Mii'iiiips, Gill, 1

(KEr) DnuM; Ci

i I

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1453

lijiiiil; Hiioiit oLtiiHo, lonjfer tliun tl>« eye, projectiiifj a little beyond the
|ir<Miiii\iIl<irie8; slitH iiiid pores on snont large; anterior nostril with a
ili'Miiiil tla)i; intoroi'bitiil Hpace abontl in head; preorbital broad, about 7
ill licad; preopercle with wide-set spinoiiH teeth on posterior margin; gill
niktrs 6-f-ll> Hhort, some of tbeni rndinientary; pseiidobrunt hia^ well
(levtlopcd. Dorsal spines not very strong, the third longest, reiM-hing,
wliiii depress*'*!, beyond tip of the eighth; soft «lorHal lower thiin spiu*)ns,
llie iiii with a s*-aly sheath at its base, its membranes covered with small
scales; base of anal W in head, th*t third spine very strong, not reaching
tip of the longest rays; npper lobe of caudal produced, acute, th*' lower
lobe rounded ; ventrals tiliform at tip, almost the same length as pectorals.
l.aU'i'iil line artditul anteriorly, becoming straight over miildle of th*i
base of anal fm ; about '>!) scales in the lateral line; G scales in the vertical
sorit's between lateral line and ba<'k, 15 in the vertical series below lateral
lino. Panama; known from the *>riginal type and from five 8p*'*'imeus
lately taken by Dr. Gilbert, from which the present *lescription is takt^n.
{reriiiiciilari8, marked with worm tracks.)

Corriiia vermieiilarit, (ii'NTHKU, FIhIi. Contral America, ;i87 and •»27, iil. <>7, (ifi- 2, 1809,

Panama, ((^oll. Capt. Dow.)
Seiiina vermiciilaris, .Iouoan, l'ro(!. V. S. Nat. Miis. 1 88,'), '.(81 ; Jokuan Jt Ekien.mann,
(.,•.. 1(14, 1889.

583. SCI^NOPS, Gill.
(Kki) Dnu.Ms.)

Seiifuiiiin, Gux, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1863, liO (ocellata).

Tills genus is close to Ophioscion, from which it differs in the loss of its
pre()per<'ular armature with agt^, the serrate edge of the bone becoming
entire. The caudal fin is truncate *)r concave, the 8*)ft dorsal scaleleas; the
slits and i)ore8 of the npper .jaw are well <leveloped and the single speci»'8
reacht'S a very largo size. Th*' gr-uip is not well separated from Ophioseion
oil the one hand, *)r from Soiana on the other, but its retention seems to
be convenient. {6Hiaiva, Scuvna, the ancient name of the European species
Scitviia umbra and Paendosciama aqnila, from duid, shade; gj^, appearence.)

1886. SCLEXOl'S OCELIiATUS (LlnnajuH).

(Red DRUM; CHANNEI, lUSS; "ItED-FlSH;" PESCADO COLORADO; BULL RED-FISII.)

Head 3i; depth 3.V; eye 7 in head; snout 4. D. X-I, 24; A. II, H; scales
1-45 to 50-12. Body elongate, rather robust, not much compresse*! ; back
somewhat arched; profile rather steep, somewhat convex; head long,
ratlicr low; eye small; snout bluntish, rather long. Preopercle with its
bdiiy margin sharply serrate in young examples, becoming entire with
age, the serra^ entirely <lisapp*'aring in specimens of 20 to 30 pounds
weiuiit; in these the even edge of the bone is wholly covered by skin;
mouth large, nearly horizontal; maxillary not (|uite reaching posterior
liorder of *trbit, 2^, in head; teeth in both jaws in villiform bands, the
outer series of the up])er Jaw much enhirgetl; low«'r teeth subet^ual; gill

f. .'■ •

1

:! UA

a i

1454 nulhihi 4y, United States National Museum.

rakoi'H r> -f- 7, sliorter tluiii tlio (lianu>ter of tbo pnpil; lon^eBt dorsal spino
2\ in head; hocoihI anal spino IJj in tho longest ray, Wi in head; poclmalH
aa Ion;; aa ventralH, '1 in huad; Hciilua of tho hreant einbodded, cycloid-
Hoft dorsal scalolcss; candal lin 8li|rhtly concave, ahont \ as loii;^ a.()
head, ('olor fjrayish silvtM-y, iridescent; often waslu'd with copjjcrv ri-d;
nach scale with a center of dark points, these forming rather ohsniii'
irn-jrnlar, nndulatin^ brown stripea along the rows of scales; a Jot-lihiik
o(^<dlated s))ot abont as largo as ey«^ at base of candal above, this sitme-
tinies dnplicated; the body occasionally <-overcd with ocelli, licn^ih^
to 5 feet; tho weight 10 to 75 pounds. South Atlantic and Qulf coasts of
tho United States, New York to Texas; very common along our ((Mst,
especially southward, whore it is one of the largest and most inipori.int
fottd-fishes. On the Texas coast it exceeds in economic value all uthei
fishes found tliere. {ocellatttH, having eye-like spots.)

I'erea oeellata, Linn.kus, SyHt. Nnt., Ed. xii, 483, 17(i0, South Carolina.

Lutjitiiuii tiianijulum. LAC'Jii'KUB, Hist. Nat. roiss., iv, 181 aud 216, 1)1.24, !!>;. :i. iso2.

Sumatra.
Seivena iiiibeildi, Mirririix, Tr.-iii.s. Lit. &. Phil. Soc. Now York 1K1&,411, New York.
Corvina occllal(i,(',iv\K\i \ VALUNfiENNKs, Hist. Nat. roisn., 1114, pi. lOH, 1830.
Johiiitm oeellatui, OiUAUO, U. S. &. Mox. Hound. Survey, 14, jd. H, lijis- 1 4, IS.IO.
Scimia occllatn, GCntiiku, Cut., n, 2.SI), 1800; Jokdan & Ekie.nmann, I. c, 405, i>1.4, is."*!).

•i-

584. SCIiENA* (Artedi) Linnans.

(Hl.ACK l)Kl'M.S.)

Scirena, part, AnTKni, Ooneru l'i.s<Muni 17:18.

Sciwna, LiN.v.Kis, SyHtoiua Naturii", Kd. x, 289, 1758 (iimhra; cirroaa).

* It is very dillicult I0 draw (jenpric distiiictiona in this part of tho pronpof .sVirri/i'i/ic
It is likewise uiisatisfai-tory not to attunipt to draw tlioiii, as larK«' groups Hcancly ^idinit
of dolinition. \V<t havo decided to admit provisioi'.ally as ;;eni'ra the minor ^nmiiis cii'
Scid'nidte with loiijj };ill rakors, allied to Stellifer and liairdieUn. Anions tlmsi' witli
short gill rakers, we have chosen to roco;;nize Ophioncion, Seia^nopg, and l'»cii<losciif,iii,
referrinj; the rest to one <;enus Scirena, a, lieterojteneous {{''"op which runs ciii^i' to
Ophiimcion on the one hand, and diverges far from it on the other, ilordan and Ei^'iMiii^iiin
oh.servo: We an- compelled to place in a single genus tlni great bulk of those iJi'c/.f/i/'/ic
wliicli have short gill rakers, nifi-rior mouth, and no harhels on the lowerjaw. In spite
of the marked ditferences hotween the extremes of the series, the intergradation in cIimi-
."icters is so ]ierfect that we are unahle- to draw any sharp distinctive lines among ilitin.
This is especially true when the Asiatic species,' forming the groups ealh-d />'"/(( :inil
Johniit)!. are taken into account. It is also true that oiu* of the sjiecies of l!iilr,liitla
{citn/solcuca) is very close to H(mie of the members of the present group. In tliis r.isc,
however, there is really one dill'erence— the length of the gill rakers, which, thougli sniall,
is constant, and holds good in all the known species.

With a view to the discovery of a basis for generic subdivision, wo have es)i((ially
compared the following sptH-j'es: Scuvna (Scueuups) ocellata, Scia'xa {I'fieuilofciinia^
ii'ltiila. Sciiriia {Itula) (liacaiitha, and Scio'iia (Callaiit) delieioisa. If these specii'.-i ((nikl
bo satisfa(;torily arranged in dill'ereut genera, it would be comparatively easy in liml
characters on which to detach tho rather more aberrant types of Scia'tut '{uniln-n).
CheilotremOf [xaturna iXwX fanciata), Ophioscitm. luid Johiiiiis.

The 4 si)ecies first mentioned agree in the position of the anal fin. Its second sjiini- is
very weak in aiiiiila, and adnate to the lirst ray. It is .somewhat so in the citlicis, ami
it is not large in any. In Jolniins (ilumniiu'ri) it is also small, but in Heid'na, Uln'ilniriiiKi.
and Ophioncioii it is consider.ably enlarged.

The scales are snnillest in (KJiiila, largest in ocellata, but the ilitl'erence is nni sli.trp
enough to warrant generic division. In all 4 of the species tirsti mentioned llir jur
orbital is flat and ratlier broad, broadest in ddlciosa (7 in heivd) and narrowest in K'j.iIIii
(10*). In the other forms it is generally still broader and more gibbons.

The slits and pores about the snout are distinct in ocellata and delicloga. little niavlinl
in diaeantha and nearly or quite obsolete in aquila. In Juhnius, Scicvna, Vlieilvtrdiid ami
O}>hiiiscion these are more or less distinct.

In all the 4 species the nntuth is of moderati^ size, slightly oblique, with the lower Jaw
included, tho maxillary reaching to opposite the posterior Imrder of the eyt\ 'flic inniitli
is largest in ocellata, smallest in aquila. In all the others (Oji/uosaoH, etc.) the uioutli i.s

Jordan and Evernmnn. — Fishes of North America, 1455

,Aii/iHiM«,* Ulooii, lulitliyoloKin, x, 107, 170:J \,(aTuUn, etc., roBtrictrd by Ur. Gill to

Mtutta.)
.Vi'i'i'fi'), Ci'ViKB, Itt^gne Animal, Kil. i, 207, 1817 (roHtricleil to .Vciona ifuibra, n LiiiiinMiii

Hlx'oit'H. and to Sciima aqiiila, a iiunLinniranonc) (nut of lU'^nu Animal, Kd. ii, wLicli

JH I'»eiuli)»ei(viia, lllocli ; t.ypit, anuiUt).
/;„/((, KiiANCiH Uamii-ton, FiHlien of tlu) (Jimgoa 1822 (roi<or, ^•t<^).
Cm-rind, Ol'ViRK, K^tfiio Aiiiiiiiil, K<l. II, Vol. 2, 182U {nigra uwbia).
II,, iloliciiin, Twiiuiii, Kiiuim rcriiaiiii, Fisclio, l!t, 1H45 (/luciutiiin).
i;lniiiiycioii, (iiM,, I'roc. Ac. Nut. Sri. Pliilii. 18(11, H.'> {idtiirnut),
CiiUaiin, Jordan, Ktniew Sciti-tiidir, 30.'), I8H0 {(leUciomiit).

r.ody oblong, tho back morc^ or lessolovatcd iiiul comprossod ; montli low,
I'iiilior Hiiiull ; tilt; Hiiuiit with coii8])iciiouH hHIh and poreH, tliu lower jaw
ill! Iii(1(m1; tooth in bands in both ,jaw8, the outer enlarged above; pro-
()|ii rdo with a croiiiilate inonibranaceonH cd^j^o, but without ))ouy Herr:i> in
yoiiiig or ftld; gill rakei'H short and thick, rather fow; lower pharyngeals
iiiiiil«>i-ate, separate, with bliintish teetii ; soft dorsal U>ng, ar.ul short;
(Miidal tin various; second anal spine various. S])ccies very nuniorons,
varying greatly among themselves, mostly belonging to tho Old World.
(Sriirna, tho ancient name of Sciwna umbra; from 0Hid, shade.)

Cam-aus (Callao, Peru):
K. Siu'oml anal Hpine small and wlondor, 4), in lioad; liody rom))roHS<;d ; tooth of lower
jaw unequal; };ill rakcr.s Hlendcr: dorsal anil anal Hcalcd at baso only; di'iilli 3.
D. X-I, 23. Color silvery. dki.iciosa. 18.'!7.

(III. Second anal spino lou^^andHtout, 2 tollin head; back olcvatcd; nu)utli Huiall. Color
dusky.
('MEU.OTKK.MA (xerArr?, lip; rpriiia, poro) :
/'. Vertical litis low, the inembrancs of dorsal ami anal closely scaled ; caud.il fin lunate,
tlu^ ujiper lobe th(« lon;;<>r.
c. Doraal rays X-I, 27 or 28; snout moderately blunt. sati'una, 1838.

Subgenus CALLAU3, Jordan.

1887. SCI.KNA UKLK'IOSA (Tscbudi).

He.adS; depth 3,'„; eye.5.nn head; snout 1!,. I). X-I, 23; A. II, 9; scales
50. Head and body compressed, the back iirched, tho outline oblong-cllip-
tii;il; profile straightish, rather steep; snout bluntish ; eye rather large,
iis wide as tho broad proorbital ; slits and pores on snout anteriorly well

still smaller. Tbo ui)i)er teetli are nearly alike in all of tliese; of tlio 4 mentioiu'd they
.-lie liirfiest in diaeaiUha, smallest in delirioaa. In some East Indian species (referable to
llol'i ') these teetli are still 1-ir.^er, sonic of tlieiii almost canine-like.

Tlio lower teeth are rat !.cc ' iriie, and chietly uuiscriul in diacautha and other species of
Itidti, in 2 or 3 rows, t' !'■ ,er enlarjj;ed in deCiciosn and a<iuila ; in a broad band, some of
tlif inner enlarged in ()(;ct(a(«. l\\ ,Tohniu», t'heilotreiiia, i'cidnrt, and must of the species
of ()j)hio»cion, the lower teetli are in a broad band and eijuul.

I'lio preopercl<! is sharply serrate in youth, bec(uning entire with a^e in ocellata. In
a'lu'da it is vaguelv crenuliite in yinith,' becoming tiiiaily entire. In diacaiitha it remains
iiioiti or less crenulate. In dcliciosa the preoperde is edged by tine flexible serra;. In
Ol'hioHcion the prc()i)erc,le is always sh.arjdy serrate. In Sciania',Vheilotrfm.a, and JolmiuH
it i-< iihvays entire, or at least without bony serraturcs.

Aiiionjithe 4 species hrst mentioned, the gill rakers are smallest in tfirtc(»?i^/m (X 4-7),
wlit'ii they are short and thick, the longest not J the pupil. They are longest in deli-
fiiis((: when they are shuidor (x +12), as long as pujiil. In aquila and ocellata they are
X 8 or 0, rather slender and short, about J length of jmpil. In most of the species uf
tln^ other groups (Oiihio.ieion, etc.) they are very few, short and tbickish, usually not
iiKnv iliau J tho length of the pitiiil. 'i'lie form of the body oilers nothing which can be
used for generio distinction, as tlie int<M-gradations are very perfect. The same can be
aiiid of tho form and the s(|uamation of the fins.

In the present paper we have withdrawn OiMosciun, Scicenops, and I'teiidoscinma,
reliTring the other furnis to IScireiia.

Named fur John, an early missionary in Tran<xuebar.

■ ; w t

1450 Ihilktin 47, l/nikd Slates National Museum,

(lovulopttd ; iniixillary exteiuliug to iiiiildlo of pupil, 'Al in li»uil; inoiiili
riithor liir^o, a littht ohliqiH', tlio lowur ,juw Hli^htly iiiclniUMi; ]ireo|i(>ii ||.
liriuly and ev<>nly Horrato, tho Ht-rrii- llexiblo and not l>ony ; <.'ill rakiin
shuidcr and vrry Hhort, Hcanoly as Ion;; as pn|>il, .1 + 12 in nnni1i<;i-; ♦ccdi
in inodorato bands, Hoino of tlio outcM* moderately onlar^od above, hohic df
the inner onoH )»olow, those Hnialh>r tlian those of the upper Jaw ; soft tiorHiU
and anal s<!aled at baHoonly; dorsal spinos moderate; second anal Hplnf
small, \\ in head, (/andai lunate, its n])pt>r lobe tlio loiif^er; pectoril
long, 1,', in head; color bluish above with faint dark horizontal stroaKs,
following; the rows of scab's; axil dark; llns pale. I'aciliu coast of South
America, from Panama to IVru. Said to be one of the most abundant I'ikhI.
lishcH on the coast (»f Porn. Most of the specimens examined an; friim
Callao, but a few from Panama. (dtUriosus, delicious.)

Oorvlna delicinsa, Tschi'DI, Kiiiinii Pcruiuiii Iclith., H, lH4.'i, Peru.

Seicena ddiciom, GONiHEit, Cat., n, 2'X), 1800; .Iouuan \ Kiue.nma.nn, I.e., 400, 1H81).

Subgenus CHEILOTREMA, 'rHcliiuli.
IHStH. SCI.K.NA SATIIIO'A* ((iininl)-

i
Si

■) :'

(KKU K(>N(;AI)(>U; IJl.ACK CUOAKKU.)

Head a? ; depth 2J; eye 1 to 5 in head. I). X-I, 27; A. TI, 7; scales lO-,");"
to 60-17. Vertical tins low, much lower than in SrUina umbra, the nicm
braucs (»f the dorsal and anal closely scaled; caudal (in lunate, the ii]i)ii r
lobe the longer ; snout moderately blunt, ni'ich less obtuse than the related
P«'ruvian species Scwna fasciata, 3.V in head; body oblong, the back con-
siderably elevated ; proiile steo]), the nape cojivex ; preorbital broad, nearly
as wide as eye; teeth as in Sciwua itmbra, the bands broader; pharynjicnl
teeth all cimic, the inner series more or less enlarged ; gill rakers siiort,
thick, 0 + 9; dorsal spines gradually shortened bohiiid the third, which is
2 to 2i iu head ; ventrals short, 1^ in head ; middle rays of soft dorsal longe.><t,
2'^ in head; second anal spine long and stout, 2 to 2^ in head, not (initio
reaching to tip of last ray; ilrst anal rays scarcely elongate, about 2 in
head ; pectorals broad, H to l^ in head ; all scales of head strongly ctenoid ;
a scaly sheath at base of .lual and soft dorsal; caudal slightly convex, it.s
middle rays longest. Color blackish, with coppery luster, each scale witli
a cluster of dark points ; an obscure, broad, jialo cross band extending down-
Avard from front of soft dorsal to tijis of ventrals, this often fading with
age; tins rather dark, belly silvery, dusted with dark specks; suborbitiil
region coppery, with round, dark dots; membrane about angle of oixTclts
jet black; tips of ventral and anal black. Coast of Southern C'aliforiiiii,
from Santa Barbara to Cerros Island. A food-fish of some importance,
reaching a length of 1.5 inches, (saturiiua, dusky, saturnine.)

Amblodon salurnus, GirakI), U. S. Piic. 11. K. Survey, x, 98, 1858, San Diego, California.
(Coll. A. Caasidy.)

* Allied to this specicB is Scimnafasciata (Tsclnuli), a larfce .si)ceioH of tlie co.ist of Porn,
witb a very heavy head. Tlio European Hcicena umbra, Linuii-UH, is also clo.sely reliitiil,
the vortical Una much higher.

Jordan and Evcnnann, — Fishes of North America. 1457

i'nrviiia (Johniiiit) jacuhi, Stkindacmnku, Iclilh. Ilnitr., Vili, 3, 1870, San Diego (baHPil

(III .viiiiii); Hiiei'iini'iiH),
('ui-\-iiMi natiiriia, <irNTiiKn, rut. KIbIi., ii, 2H8, 180O.
Hhiiiosrinn satiirniin. (iii.i.. I'loc. Ar. Nut. Hci. I'hilti. \HiV2. 17.

SciiPiin xalumti, Jokda.n \ (iii.iiEiiT, SyiiopHiH, r)72, lHH:t; Jokdan Si Khiknmann, /. «., 40fl.
Sn'fnajacohi, Jouija.n &, (Jiliikut, SyiiojwiH, 571, 1883.

585. RONCADOR, .Ionian iV (Jilhort.

Itmifador, .TonuAN iV <iii,iiKRT, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mhh. 1880, 'J8 {Ktianmi).

I'liiH gciiiiH roiitaiiiH u Hiiif;lti H])C(;ios, a largo Sc^in-noid of the California
coast, much rt'HtMuhling .ij)h(Hiiolii>i iirnnnienH and liaving niniilar teuth,
ix('())t that the lower j)]iaryngeal8 are Hej)arat«. (ruiicador, griinttT, the
.S|i:iniah name, one of goner] ajiplication to tliese liHhes, but on the ('ali-
loriiia coaHt used most particularly for the jjrcHent genua.)

ISilU. itONCAKOU STKAKNSI (StoindiicliiKr).

(l{l)N<!AI)OU.)

Head 3} to .'{^ ; dejith .3 to 3^; eye (J in head; Huout 3A. I >. X-I, 24 ; A. II,
8; scales 7-(»(>-12. Hody oblong, he.avy forwiird; the back elevated and

( pressed; profile long, Hteep, and <'onvcx, abruptly rounded at the

.snout; snout very blunt, altout equal to the interorbital spare; mouth
moderate, low, subinferioi', the lower Jaw included; maxillary '2t in head,
roaciiing at least to below mi<ldlo of eye; preorbital ne.irly as broad as
cyiS teeth in both Jaws in broatl villiform bands, none of them enlarged;
lo\v»!r pharyngeals large, with many rounded molars, the outer series and
a jiateh at the outer corner, composed of villiform teeth; gill rakers
Klciidcr, rather short, l()-f-l(>; posterior niiirgin of preo])ercle with short,
stout teeth; dorsal spines strong, the longest 2 in head; caudal lunate,
tlic upper lobe the longer; second anal spine stout, 3^ in head; pectorals
mm h longer than ventrals, altout as long as head; scales below lateral
line in slightly obli<iue series. (Jolor grayish silvery, with bluish luster,
soiMt! streaks of diirk ]>oints along the rows of sciab's; breast and l»elly
will) two dusky longitudinal streaks; a very conspicuous Jet-black spot
as large as eye at base of pectoral ; axil and lining of gill cavity black.

' The nominal species, called f'oreina jacobi, described from yonng specimons taken at
San Diepo, iu donbtleHs identical with Curvina taturna. The only dill'erenco indicated
liy Sicindaclnier Nvliich could liavo any serioiis importance is in the coloration, in the
.ijiciics oi Ilwmuliin, Aiiitolremiis. and otlier analo^gous (;roups the young often have
exactly the coloration assigiu'd to ('orvina jacobi, wliile the adult ni.iy bo very diflerently
iiiiirkt'd. We have not seen the very young of salnrna, but havt^ no doubt that it jtus-ses
lhniii::li tho "jacobi" coloration in t'hb course of its development.
'I'lni followinj; is the substanct^ of Dr. .Steindachner s description :

11. ad :i; dei)tli 3. D. X-I. 27: A. II, 8; ac.iles 11-50-16. . Hody moderately elevated;
iiKiulh moderate, rather inferior; maxillary re.ichinji niiddle of eye; outer rows of teeth
ill eacli Jaw slender, somewhat enlargt^d, those in the u]>|ier Jaw much larger than in
Inwci-; i)reo]>er(de rinely serrate. Dors.al s)»ines very slender, the fourth J length of
liiail. liigher than the soft rays; second anal sj)in(Miiore thiin twice as strong as dorsal
Hjiim's, as long as from middle! of eye to edge of oi)ercle, lower than the soft r.iys. Caudal
tniiicate or slightly concave; pectorals shorter than ventrals, the tirst ray of the latter
liciiig tilamentous.' Scales on body and head ctenoid. Silvery gray, darker above; 3
iliirk lirown longitiiduial stripes along sides, the lower broadest, extending from eye to
iiiidclle of caudal, the middle one running to iipjier edge of tail, the uj)per to soft dorsal;
lit'ldw these stripes are sometimes feebler ones, besides brownish lines following the rows
iif scales; tins plain, more or less puin'tulate; markings probably less distinct in the adult.

I ' I

'.4

'

1458 HuUi'tin /7, United S/afrs Natioual Afnsnim.

\h

I' : :

liii

:U

CoaMt of Noiithnrn Callfornift, north to Hnntii Hnrharn, geniTally conininn;
II food liHli of Hoiiio iiiipoi-luiicn, roachiii^ u \vni){lit of 5 or (( poniiilM. 'I lu.
Iiliiuk fH!(«lluHoii th» hiiHM of tli«« ptM'toriil (ill in tliiH H])e<MfH in hh rhui-iict<'r.
iHtii! iiH tliiit at tho ItitHO of tlio (-aiiilul in Sridnopn otullaluM. (NuiiiimI' for
KoluM't K. C SteariiN, tlio w«>ll-kno\vii conchoIo^iNt, tlioii of Sun KranciHco. i

Citruinanlmniti. Stkindaciiniu, Irhlli. Ilvitr., ill, 'J'J, 1875, San Diego.
Uiiiiiiiilnr stfiini$i,.U>Mi.\ri Ik i'lW.wv.KW Vrw. I'.S. Nut. Miin. IHHO, 'JH; .InliDAN \' (Iii.iikii
SyiiopsU, OT'J, IH8.'li JoliUAN iV KlUBNMANN, /. ('., 4UH, pi. 5, IH80.

586. LEIOSTOMUS, Luripi <ln.

(OOODIKH.)

I.einntomiii, f.At'r.Pi UK, Hint. Nut. I'oIms., iv. Kill, 1HI)2 (raitlhiinis).
Lioufinnim, (iii.i,, I'roc. Ac. Niil. Sci, I8ti;i, Oil (rorntclcd iirljiourapliy).

Itoily oblon;;, ovato, tlio buck (u>iiipi'o,s.s«Ml ; Ii'mkI ohtiiHo; month hiiihII,
Iiori/ontul, tlio ii|i|M«r Ja«v with a liuntl (»f fe«tl)lo forth, thtt h)wcr iieaily or
(initt) tootllh^sH; Hlitn and ]>ur('Hof nppcrjaw well licvehipi^d ; hiwor |tli:u-
yii<j;ealH Hcparati', th« t«'cth jiaved; prcopondo with a inenibraiiaceoiiH Imu-
dt-r; dorsal HpiiieH tO, Hlondor, rathor hi^h, tho laHt ronnoctud witii tlui
HoftiayH; Hoft dorHal and anal lon^;; anal Hpiiicn 2, tho Hocond not lar^^,.;
caudal lin cinar^rinatc; ^ill ni«unlii'ani>8 Hli^htly connected; ^ill rakers
slender. TIuh ^cniiH in diHtin<j;uiHlied from Scitina chiefly liy the uhsoli .s-
cence of the teeth in the lower Jaw, and l»y the more paved teeth of tlm
pharyngealH. The Hoft rayH of the dot-Hal iin and esjiocially of the :iii:il
are more nnmeronH than in related <;rom»,s. One sjiecicH. (A/^/oc, Hinootli;
drufKx, mouth — the month having; been originally described us toothless. 1

ISIO. LKIOSTOMTS XANTIHKrs.l Liinpi do.

(SlM)T; (looDY; I'otiT-CUOAKKU; Ol.DWIKK ; L AKAVIVITK.)

Head '.ikUt 3,}; depth 3; siiont 3k to 3.}. D. X-I, 31; ,V. II, lli; sciiirM
JMiO to 70-12. Hody short, doej), much coiniires-sod; liuck in front of dcU'
Hill comi>re.s8cd to a shurp edye; pro'.Ie steep, convex, depressed over tlic
eyes; tlorsal outline convex, hifjhest at front of dorsal; snout very bliiiit,
as long as eye, 3^ to 3.) in head ; mouth small, inferior, horizontal ; niiixil-
lary 3 in head, extending to belowpiipil; no teeth in lower Jaw, in the adult;
upper Jaw with a series of narrow minute teeth ; gill rakers short, sleiidi r,
8 + 22; lower pharyngeals small, with three series of molars posteridily
and many villiform teeth anteriorly; preopercle entire; preorliital hioiul,
li in eye; third dorsal spine highest, lA in hea«l; soft dorsal with tlic
sheath at its base formed by a single scries of scales; caudal long iiml
forked, as long as head ; anal long and slightly falcate; second anal siniui
2.t in the longest ray, 4 in head; ventrals ^ shorter than pectorals, wlmli
are as long as the head; scales small, strongly ctenoid, extending on < mh-

* "Idi crlaiibo inir, dioHe no cliaraktur iscli jji'Zoii'J'nt'ti) Aft nit^iiiem verclirtt'ii Fri'iinilr.
Ilerrn K. V. Stearns, oiiiein der tliiitiKi^teii und luTvorragi'nd.steii Mitglieder drrealil'oiiii
HcJiuii Akadoinio tier NatiirwiBaeiiscliat'tcn als /uiclien iiiciner ili>ch.acht<>u zu widiiii'ii."
(SliMndaohnor.)

t The unine xanthiiriit in an \iiit'<>rttinato one, an in tins sjx'cies tlio caudal iin is ncuM-
yellow. This nanio caino about tlirougli coiii'usiuii with Jlainliella chrynura, in wjjidi
spocies the caudal fin is bright yellow.

Jordan and F.vtrmauu. — Fishes of North America. 1 15!>

ilitl imd bane oT )Mtnt(M-a1fi till f. not (III otlu^riiim; lalorni lino littln riirvnd
iintci'ioi'ly ; Nniles Iti'lnw liitfiiil lino in olilii|iiuHorioN. Color hlniHh a hove,
■^ilvorv holow; ubont IT) narrow «lurk wavy bnntlH oxtonilih); Ironi Miodor-
vil liowinvanl and forvviiid to Itolow latural lin*-; a loiinil black Ininn-ral
>.|)((t ratluM- HMialb-r tban cvo; llnH]ilain olivacooiiH, tho candal nittyullow.
ThiM HprcioH ih ono of tho nioHt coninion fo(i«l liHlifH of otir Soutliorn loaHt,
lirint; an nxinlloiit )ian HhIi. NotwitbHtunding tin- nunioroiiH nominal h|)o
< ii'H wbicli anthoiH liuvo roco^ni/od, tlioro Ih no ovidonoo wliatovor of tliu
I'siHtonco of nioio than onu HpocioH of l.eidnloniiiit on onr roaHtti. Houtli
Atlantic nnd (Snlf coaNtH of United Htatra; Capo (^od to Toxoh; onco
(liinlitfnlly rocordcd from Marlinitino.'' (^(tyOo?, yellow; dr/xx, tail.)
I.iinstduivii x.iiilhiinia. I.Arti'i.DE, IliHt. Nnt. PoIhh., iv, 4;ilt, jil. l(t, t\fi. I, IHOJ, Carolina;

CIVIKU iV VaI.KNi IKN.NK.M, lliht. Nat. I'olnB., V, U2, IHIKl , JoMDAN A (ill.llEIIT, SyilO|l

NJM, 574, 1HH;I; .InliDAN .V KldlcNMANN, I. c, 4W, |(l. 0, IHW).
Midjil ubliiivuii, Miiciiii.i., TriiiiH. Lit. iiiid I'liil. Soc. Ntiw Vorl« IHIO, 40.'), New York.
Si'iifiia viiilii/iimuatii, Lpsi-EIB, .lourii. Ac. Nut. Sol, IMiila., ii, 1821, 2.'>5, east Florida

(Coll. M(('liini, Onl, Say & IViilc).
Inoutonin* hiniieraliH, Cvvw.H Si Vai.knoiknnks, Hint. Nat. ToiMH. v, 141, pi 110, 18:IU,

New York.
Iliiiiiiiiinun rantliuriis, HoLUitooK, litlitliyoi S. CiiroliiiH, Kil. i, 17U, IH.*))), (iiuAun, 11 S

and Mex. Uoiiud. Siirvuy, II. IH.^0.
Sciii-iinjraiitliiiiuii, (JdNTUi-.K, (.'at., ii, '2HH, 1800.

l,niiiit<iniii.soliU<i}iu», DkKav, Niw York Faiiim: KIhIhh, Olt, pi. 00, lljj. ID.'i, 1842.
Sfiii-iia (iWi'i/Mff, (iOntiikh, (.'at , U, 288, 1800,

587. PACHYPOPS, (Jill.

I'iifhiiiiojiB, (iiu„ Proc. Ac. Nat. ,Sci. IMiila, 1H01,87 (Infilin).

FioHli-wator Soia-nonls of (ttiiana and Itia/il, doHcly allied to Ophioscion,
Itiit witb Hniall barbolH in a tuft at the HyniphyHin of lowor jaw; te«tli
Icfhlo; proorhital Ncrrato; nioutli very Hinall, inferior; incoibital tiu'^id
jiiid cavcrnoiiH, nioro or loss transluoent; lirst dorsal rather short, tho
spines feeble; anal short, with weak spines; soft dorsal long; caudal lin
.liDnibic ; soft jtarts of vortical tins closely sraled. Very dose to I'aclninrun,
Ajiassi/, anothor South American fresh-watorgonus, from which I'arluipopH
(litl'ors only in the presence of barbels. (;rtr^iJ5, thick; t'a'o, below; rJj/',
eye. )

1S41. PACIIYI'OPS FIKCR.KI S (Lac.pcde).

Head SJ ; depth 4. D. X-I, 2.') to 27; A. II, 6; scjiles aS. Maxillary
•scarcely reaching front of eye, its length 1 to 4.1 in head; barbels 3, minute
(sometimes obsoleto) ; sno it prominent, blunt, 2> in head; eye very large,
;i in h(>ad; mouth very small, overlapped by tho turgid jtreorbital; teeth
small, etjual; gill rakers very snuiU ; soft dorsal and anal completely
sc.ah'd; i»ector;ils 1.^ in head; caudal rhombic,!^ in head; second anal
spino 2! in head; longest dorsal sjtino l.<. Color uniform dusky, paler
below; dorsals ])unctato with bhu^k. h'iversaud estuaries from (iuiiina to
I'ruguay ; common in bracki.sh or fresh waters. According to Dr. IJorg it
is found in Uruguay in brackish, never in fresh waters. Tho specimen hero

* Cette e.<»p«'c« ii'est pn8 boriiee a rAin6ri(iu(i Hcptentrionale ; nous I'avona re(;uo de Mar
iiiii(iii<>, par M. I'li'c. (L'uvier iV ValeiiciciiiioM.)

14110 nullttin /7, United Slates National Miisfum.

ilescrlbml tVom Uio No^ro (Coll. J. C. IMetchnr.) (Naiiiod in honor of w
l-'renoh ntitnriiliHt, l-'ourcroi, who trnvelfd in Hni/il.)

I'trea/iirerifa, LAcr;:i>(:i>ic, llUt. Nut. INiInh., iv, :iM, 424, 1802, Surinam.
('iiriHna l>iMia,('v\iKu \ V'ai.knciknnkh, IIIhI. Nut. PoImh., v, 112, IH3(), lialtitnt not known
<'oiniiiiiJiirir<P(i,('\v\%Hii Vai.BNCIK.nnkh, ItlMt. Nut. I'oIhm., v. 111, IH3(l.
I'nehiiiioiii/incriviit. Stbimiaciinkk, lleltr. /.iir KtimlniMM Ht^iii'iioidon lliuNilii-nN, 7, pi i

I80:i; Jdkiian .V Kkiknmann, (. r., 4i;i; Itumi, .Vim. Mim, nm-uoH AiruH i8U5, 53.
I'aehyiiruH furenn.n. STRiNiiA<'iiNitit, Iclitli. \UMr., viii, 1'.', 1H79,
raeliiii>op4 biloba. Hteinuaciinku, Iclilli. Notiz., 200, 1H04.

588. GENYONEMUS, (iill.

Oenyonfinui, Gn.h, Proo. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'hlla. imU, «7 (linmtut).

Body olou^ate, modorately t-onipresHcd, tho back littlo olovatod; licul
(tblon;;, tho snout abruptly dociirvod; ryoamodorato, nutorior; preo|)ui'<>lt'
with a crcnulatfd luenibranacttouHtMlKo; nioutli ratln^r lar^*-, Hubtermiual,
Noniowhat oblit^uo; lower Jaw with Hovoral very huiiiII barbolu and with a
few hiTiHi pores, the barbelH so very small an to be readily overlooked, (>s]>«v
rially in freHli Bpeciiuens; teeth (Mpial, in villiforni bands, theantfrioFNerit's
Hcarrely cnlar^red; first dorsal unusually hma, with about ll^Hpincs; anal
with 2 8])in('H, the second short and feeble; caudal eniar^inate; pharyufri a!
Itones and teeth an in Micropogon; air bladder simple; ^ill rakers Hlondt'i,
rather long. Ui/.t^ Hniall. (^'tVi;?, lower jaw; kz/iI/ a, barbel.)

tl£i'

1SI2. OKNYONKNUS LIXEATIS (Ayrew).

(LlTTLR UONCADOK; KiNnKISlI; (.'ROAKEK.)

Head 3^ to SA; d(*pth .'H to 3i| ; eye 5]^; snout 1. 1). XIII-I, 21 or 22; \.
II, 11 ; scales 7-51-10. Body oblouj;, somewhat coiuprcssed, the back little
elevated; profile littlo convex, rather abruptly decurved at the snout;
nuHith subiulcrior, somewhat oblii|ue; maxillary 3 in head, rcacliinir pos-
terior margin of pupil, lower Jaw included; teeth in villiforni b.-inds, the
outer series above slightly enlarged; chin with 5 small pores and 2 8eri(^s
(d' minute barbels; preorbital g width of eye; preopercle with a cronulate
membranous Itorder; operch< with radiating stria- ; gill rakers short and
slender, 9-|-20; third dorsal spine highest, U to 2 in head; first soft rays
of dorsal highest, decreasing in height to the last; caudal lunate; tirst
ventral ray produced as a filament, \\ in head; pectoral slightly longer
than ventrals; scales largo, strongly ctenoid, those below lateral line in
horizontal series. Color silvery with brassy luster and black punctulatioiis.
tlu'se forming faint, oblique dark lines along the rows of scales; fins yel-
lowish; a black axillary spot, usually conspicuous. Cojist of southern
California; .*<an Fraueisco to Cerros Island; generally common along the
coast of southern ('alifornia. A food-dsh of some importaneo, of good
quality, but soft and not keeping well, {lineatns, Htrij)ed.)

LeioKtnmun lineatug, Aykei<, Proc. Cul. Ac. Sci. 1855, 25, San Francisco; (JliiAKi), P. U. K.

Survey, X, 99, pi. 22 P., figs. 1-4, 1858.
Scicena lineata, GO.NTiiKn, Cat., n, 288, 1860.
Qeniionemui lineatug, Jokdan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 574, 1883; .Toudan A- Eioen.mann, /. c,

410, 1889.

i,i

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America, 1401

589. MICROPOOON, Ciivier «,V Viileiioiunnos.

((MiOAKKItS. )

MiirniiogoH, ('I'VIKH \ \' AI.KNI'IKNNKH, IIImI. Nlll. I'oIhm., V, 'Jl:i, IHMO (limalUll iiHiluliltllMt

Body iiKuleriitoly elongate, coiii])r»HHu«l, Hoiiunvhut uleviitt-tl ; prcopurt'le
stroiiKly Herratu; iouth in villifuriii IxiikIh, tho oiitur row in tliu iipiierjiiw
i'iiliirK*'<i; lowurjuw witli 11 row ofniiiiiitt< ItiirltolHon «>a<-b Hi<l*s ^ill ral<erM
Hliort, thickiNli; HpiiioiiH tloraiil ratliitr Hliort of 10 ur U atoiitiHh HpiiiuH;
Mtcoiid anal Hpiiie moderate; raiidal lin tloiiltle truncate; lower pharyn-
^rottlH narrow, diHtinc.t, with uharp conical teutli; uir liladdoi with \oun
liorns. A wcll-niurkcd ){enuH, th<- HpcoiuH all American, allied to Ophiimcion
;ind SvUvnoiis, hut diRlin^ruiNhud by the ]trcHoncc of barbels; Hpet ies all
t'loHoly related, Hiuiilar in form, Hi/e, uud color. (fiiHfju^, huuiII; ncbyaii',
lit-ard.)

MiciioiMKioN:
,1. D<»rMi»l r«yi« X-I, 28 to :iO.

b. ScaluH ('(iiii]iai'ativi<ly Htniill, nl)(>nt 0 in n vcrticnl a*iri(>H l))>twp«ii front oC (lormil
and liit«'riil lino, I'J in an (>l>lii|ii)) Ht-rii^H; outer tt'olli of iipiittr Jaw (tviilrnlly
cnlurffuil ; ilarit HpotH un hcuIvb ubuvc lateral lino not l'orniiii|{ rontiniinuH

Htli|H*»; HCalfH5J. VNDt'I.AirH, 1H43.

bb. ScnIoM larger, 7 in a vertical MerieH from front of ilorHol to lateral line, U or 10
in ail Qlilii|iie HurieH; teeth of outemerieH In upper ,ia\v MearcelyeiilarKeil;
dark HjiutH above lateral linti forming continuous HtreukH near'ly an wide an
interHimt^eH; Hliort vnrtiual Itarx extending aeroHH lateral lino; many oliliijiie
lineH aliove I hose; niarkin((i4 mure regular, though less ahurply dellned
than in M. iiiuhilntus.
c. Second anal Hpine moderate, !> in head; eye Hiiiall, 0 in head, HraleH S4,

KUUNIICKI, 1844.
ec. Second anal Hpine very Hiroiig, 2) to :i in head ; eye very large, 4 to 4^ in
h(>ad; no dlHtinet ohliquo HtreakH above lateral line; axil blackiith.
Head 4; depth 4i5. 1). X-I, 28; A. II, 7; wcales 7-50-14.

MKOALOI-M, 1845.

an. OorHal rays X-I, 24 to 26; snout little projecting; outer teeth above scarcely

enlarged; deptli :i.l in length; back with dark obliiiue atreaks; gill cavity

dusky within; scales 48, 5:J pores. kctknes, 1846.

aaa. Dorsal r.iys M-1, 20 to 22; outer teeth above scarcely enlarged; snout Bomuwhat

projecting ; body deeper, depth 3J iu length ; scales 42, 4U pores.

Al/rU'INNlS, 1847.

l.S4». MICItOI'OUOMINUULATUN* (Linmuus).

(CKOAKKU; UONCADINA; CoKVINA.)

Ilead:{; depth l^fr. 1). X-I, 28 or 2}>; A. II, 7; scales !»-;") 1. Hody rather
i'<il)n8t, the back Hoinewhat elevated and coiupressud, the profile roiiudud,

*Ur. IJerg speaks of Mict-npnifon vndiilatua as the most common shore tish of Uruguay,
lii'iiig (taught each year iu millions. He counts: D. X-I, 26 to 21); scales 8 or U-55-16 or 17.
'I'liis Uruguayan tish is, therefore, probably not the same a.^ Microjwi/onfuniieri. its rays
and scales agreeing rather with it. undulatua. Hut the true vndulatut has not been
rccordeil from the AV est Indies. It may not unlikely be found that the Urazil-Uruguayan
fiirm, Micropogon oprrcvlaris ((^uoy &. Gaimurd), is a distinct s|iecies which has not yet
boen properly distinguished from il. undulatus. The following is the synonymy of Micro-
poijon opereulari$ :

Micropogon operculari* (QuoY &; GMMARn).

Sciivim opercularU, Quoy & Gai.m aei>, Voy. Uran., Zool., 347, 1824, Rio Janeiro.

Micropogon Uneatii*, CuviEB & Vai.encien.nbs, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., v, 216, 1830, Brazil,

Porto Uico, Havana (in part, not types, which were from New York.)
Micropogon undulatus, Beuu, Ann. M'ub. Buenos Ayres 1895, 54.

iiii

}
i

1462 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

not dopresHed above eyeH; bead loug, the snout prominent, convex. Montli
nitbor birge, nearly hori/ontsil, tbc niaxilliiry reacliiug to front of ey«-, ;;
in bead; outer teotb above enlarged; eye 2 iu unout, 5 in bead, ratlii'i
leHB than interorbital width. I'reopcrclu strongly serrate altmg its wlioli^
posterior margin, the spines near angb; diverging; dorsals nearly se]i;i
rate, the first higli, the third spine H in head; pectorals moderate, ueiirly
reaching tips «)f ventrals; ventrals lilanientous; anal inserted ncai!\
under middle of second dorsal, the second spine rather weak, dborter Muin
snout, jt length of head; caudal double truncate, I') in head; IG scales
in an oblique series from vent to lateral line, 12 in an oblique series liom
dorsal to lateral lino. G'U rakers slender, very short, 7-f-l6; co'ca n.
(,'olor I)ra8sy, paler below; middle part of the body with short, irregular
dusky vertical bars crossing the lateral liiu;; many dark brown spots oii
side of back, irregularly placed, and not forming continuous streaks alonix
the rows of scales; usually some of these coalesce to form 2 dark streaks
procurrent with the back. Length 12 inches. South Atlantic and Gulf
coasts of the United States; Cai.o Cod to Texas; generally conunon alon.;
our Atlantic coast, becoming very abundant southward, but not k'-.own
to extend into the West Indies; a food-fish of some importance. This or
a similar species ( Micropof/on opcrvulur'ta, (Juvior &, Valenciuiues) is vciv
connu<m on the sand shores of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. (Hndiddliis^
waved.)

I'l-rva undvlata, l.lJiSAiVS, Syst. Nat., Ed. xil, 483, 17fiC, South Carolina.

Seiiena croker, LAcfti'icuE. Hint. Nut. I'oIhs., iv, 309, 314, 31C, 1802, Carolina.

Hodianus cottatvs, Mnci;;l.L, Trans. Lit. and I'liil. Soc. Now York 1815, 417, Mew York.

Micropoyon Kneatitt, Ci'ViEii iV Valencie.nnes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 215, pi. 110, 1830, New

York. (Coll. Milbort.)
Micropogon undnlatu.i, Cuvier & \ ai.enciexnes, Ilist. Nat. roi.'i.s.,v, 210, 1830; (Jiuaimi,

U.S. and Mo\. Hound. Survey, 13, jil. 12, 1859; GfNTiiEK, Cat., n, 271, 18C0 (in pari;;

JoKDAN ..V tJlLUKUT, Synopsis, 575, 1883; Joim)AN & Eigknmann, I.e., 418, pi. 7.
Micropogon cuitatui, IJbKav, New York Fauna: FisLcs, 83, pi. 72, lig. 230, 1842.

1844. MI('I(0IM>(i4»\ F1 llMEKi (Desn.ar. .st).

(Vekkchato; WiirrE-Mourn Kitr.MMEU.)

Head 3'; depthSi io'6%. 1). X-I, 30; A. Ilj 7; eye (Jin bead; snout,'!;
'.cales 51, 7 in a vertical series from front of dorsal to lateral lino, 0 or in
in an obli(iuo scries; teeth of outer series iu upper jaw scarcely enlarged;
dark spots on back forming continuous dark .streaks nearly as wide as tln^
pale interspaces; body a little more slender than in Micropogon nndnlalns;
profile almost straight, a little depressed above the eye; snout long; eyo
small, 1^ iu interobital area; proorbital wider than eye; maxillary 3 ii,
head, reaching front of pupil; teeth iu broad, villiform bands; preopen Ic
less strongly serraoe than in M undulatiis; ti'.ird dorsal spine highest, 1:;
in head; dorsals connected by a low membrane; spinous dorsal Avitli ii
sheath at its base formed by a single series of scales; soft dorsal naked;
second anal spine 5 in head ; scales of the breast and beau cycloid. Gray-
ish silvery, with bright rehectious; a dark spot on opercle; axil dusky;

short vei
those; tl
inidnlatiii
(OJiSt of
witli M.
describee
who coll(

I iiibriiia/i
(Coll.

' Micnfpogt
nniy be

Micropogon
418,188;

}liciopogoh

Head 1

11,7; seal
in head; s
Kye very
little enla
;;euuj; gi
strongjrtl
of soft do
tloiible trii
riy slightl
in head; s
Hpicuous o
nxil and bi
Idack than
Ihipabrupl
I specimen

ilicrnpogon
fathoms

Head3i
in iuterorl
X-I, 2,5, 01
rather eloB
profile stra
long and a
premaxilla
maxillary 1

' ^■'

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1463

short Vf^rtical bars extending acrosH lateral line; many olili<|ue linos above
lliuse; the markiugH nioro icgulur, though Iohh 8har]>ly deliuud than in .17.
iiudnlatua, the gi neral hue more Hilvery. Wnut IiulioH; aliuiidaut on tho
Kiiist of Cuba; its southward diatribution uncertain, iVom its coufusion
with .1/. undulatuH and its analogue, M.opvrcularlti. Tlic HpixinicnH luao
ili'scribed from Havana. (Named lor its discoverer, Marceilin Fouruier,
wlio collected in Cuba.)

I iiibriiia/tirnieii, Desaiakkkt, Premii'ie Dt-cado Iclithyol., 22, pi. 2, (ij;. 3, 1822, Havana.

(Coll. Fouruier.)
' Microjwgon argenletig, UrviEB it VALUNCiEWNKa, lliHt. Nut. Poiss., v, 21H, 1830, Surinam ;

may be ^f. npcrcxdaris or M. iindiilatiin.
MicrojHxjon furnieri, .ToituAN, I'roc. l'. S.Nat. Mu.^t. 1884,37; Jokua.n ifc Ekienmann, I.e.,

418,1880.
Micropotjon vndiilatiis, I'oEV, Syiioj)8i«, 32.') (not ol' Linn.kuh).

1845. Mn'l«>l><MJ4»\ .MKUALOPS, (iilbert.

lloadl; depth 4^; eye 4 to U m head; snout 3^ D. X-I, 27 to 2l» ; A.
II, 7; scales 7-50-14; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of i)ui»il, 21
ill head; snout e(iualinginterorbital width; width of preorbital lA in .snout.
Kyo very large, a trille !es.s than snotit; outer series of teeth in upjier jaw
little enlarged; pnopercular spines very strong, arranged as usual in this
ijtMiui; gill rakers all short, 9 above the angle, 16 below. Dorsal spines
stronger than in M.eetcnes, tho third the longest, 1»arely reaching origin
of soft dorsal when depressed, equaling length of snout and eye; caudal
iloublo truncate; second anal spine strong 2. i to 3 in head; outer ventnil
r;iy slightly produced. If in head; jiectorals extending beyond ventrals. Is
in head; scales of moderate size. Color as usual in this genus; no con-
.spicuous obli«iue streaks following rows of scales above tho lateral line;
axil and base of pectorals blackish; lining of gill cavity more extensively
lilack than in other species, the brauchiostegal membrane and opercular
liap abruptly silvery white within. (Julf of California. Known (mlyfrom
I .specimens, tho longest 10 inches in length. {/layaXo^, large; wip, eye.)

Micropogon incijalojin, GihUEin; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 18!)0, 64, Gulf of California in 14
fathoms; Albatross station No. 3021. (Type, No. not a.s.>4iguu(l. Coll. Albatrogs.)

4 ■■ -^l;

1 /* S

1

184U. Mlt'BUPU(iO\ KCTK.XIS, Jordan &. (Gilbert.

(Veuuuoato.)

Mead 3^^ (3| with caudal); <lepth 3! (40; eye rather large, 6 in head, 1^
ill iuterorbitul width, 1;^^ in snout, a little less than preorbital width. D.
X-I, 2.5, or X-I, 24; A. II, 7, or II, 8; scales 7-53-13; pores 54. liody
I'iither elongate, moderately compressed, the back little elevated; anterior
prolile straightishor slightly undulate. Head long, rather low, the snottt
long and abruptly truncate at the tij), which projects but little beyond tl
inemaxillaries. Mouth nearly horizontal, the lower jaw included, the
iiiiixillary barely reaching to opposite front of eye, its length 3^- iu head.

,; V

m

1464 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Toeth iu rather broad banclH, the anterior in upper jaw little eularntd.
Snout with the usual lobt^s aud poruB at tip, its length 'A\, in head; cliin
with 5 large poios ; about 4 Hniall barbelHon the inner edge of each dentar)
bone anteriorly, these rather shorter than the posterior nostril, whicli is
oblong and much longer than the anterior nostril. Preoperch^ wiili
numerous rather strong teeth above the angle, Avhich has 2 large, strong I;,
divergent teeth, the lower directed oblitpiely downward. Gill rakers
short, 7 + 12. Pseudobranchia^ well developed. Scales of moderate si/c,
those on the breast little reduced; no s<alcs on the dorsal or anal, except
a basal series; caudal largely scaly; about 20 scales in an oltliiiue seri( >
from front of anal upward to spinous dorsal, 18 from vent upward to sni't
dorsal. Latt^ral line becoming straight well in advance of anal. S]iin()iis
dorsal high, higher than in M. nnduUiliia, itis third s])ine not very niiicli
shorter than the fourth; third spine varying in length, about 2 in lieml
(IJ to 2|); all the spines freely flexible; longest soft ray 3^ in bend;
caudal slightly <louble concave, tin? upi»cr, middle, aud lower rays alioni
equal, IJ in head; lower rays shorter in y<»iing individuals; amil siiiall,
ending well in advance of posterior ray of dorsal ; second anal spine rather
small, its length 3;-! in head; longest soft ray 2.1 in head. I'ectoral tin very
long aud ]»oiuted, reaching past vontrals, but not to vent, its length 1,', in
head; ventrals with the first ray filamentous, 1! in head without filiinient.
Color grayish silvery, without brassy tinge ; dorsal region and sides udove,
lower edge of pectorals marked with dark streaks extending obli(|ue]y
upward and backward along the series of scales. Hesides these, about 1(>
short, oblique, dark bars extending downward and forward, crossing tlu)
arched portion of the lateral lino, the longest of these about as long as
snout; liningof gill cavity blackish; peritoneum pale; fins all yellowisii,
the tips of spinous dorsal blackish; upjier edge of pectoral aud border of
soft dorsal dusky; region above and below base of ])ectoral with dark
punctulatitms. Length 2 feet or less. Pacific coast of Mexico; abundant
at Ma/.atlan, where it is an important food-Ush; not seen at Panama.
(i«r£K;)5, stretched.)

Mienipoijon ecteiies, .Tokuan &. Giuieht, Proc. V. S. Niit. ifiis. 1881, 3;").'), Mazatlan (Tyiics,
No8. 28295, 29538, 28330, 28301. Coll. Gilliert) ; Joudan \-. EKiEN.MANN, I. c, 419, 18H!).

1S47. MIC'KOPOUOX ALTIIMWIS, Guuther.

IleadSi; depth 3;^. 1). X-1, 20 to 22; A. II, 7; scales 7-18-15. Oiitei
teeth of upper Jaw scarcely enlarged; snout somewhat ]»rojecting; scales
still larger; lateral line -12 (li> pore.s); scales above the lateral line, verti-
cally, 5 or 6; obliquely, 8; 12 in an oblique series from vent; maxilluiy
exteuding scarcely beyond the vertical from the anterior margin of the
eye; body less elongate than iu Micropogon ectenes ; highest dorsal spines
1^ in head; anal spine about 4 in head. Coloration es-seutially as in Micro-
im/on cctcnes, which it closely resembles, differing in the shorter second
dorsal. Panama; not rare. (a?/MS, high; jmiHtf, fin.)

iticropogoti altipinnit, GOntiiek, Proc. /ool. Soc. Loud. 1804, 149, San Jose, Panama,
Chiapas; GOnthek, Fish. Central America, 387 aud 425, 1809; JouuAN it GiLUEur,
Bull. U. S. Fish Couim. 1882, 111; Joudan & Eiuenmann, I. c, 419, 1889.

I'lnhriiin, (I
SciieiKil

.^riivnn, Hi. I
Htrictioil

Hody ni
liie snout
sizt); ]»reo
single thi»
iipiterjaw
liii with 2
<ii]l riikersl

I (intains a

I I agrees v

• iiin of ashi
InirrhitH, bi
(onfounded
cl(i.sely rela
species by e

I MIIHINA:
(/. l)<)r^4al raj
aa. Dor.sal r;
b. llod.i

bb. Hod

cc.

'lint. Dorsal raj
lartjo,
second
head ;
stroalvi

* "Jo noto ici qj
If noin do Scifena
l"Mirra i>liis("'tro «■
travaiix sur los Sc

No. 47, pi

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1465

590. UMBRINA, Cnvier.

I'inbritia, CuviKii, IwtNgne Animal, Ed. i, 207, 1817 {cirrona , Sei(vna L. liciiin icstrlcttMl to
SciwHii umbra, u Liiiiiii'iiii, iiiiil to Sriivnn (I'lin'ld, a iionl.iiiiiii'nii Hpt'cifH).

,NVi'(»7»((, lii.EEKEii,* I'oiHHoiis do la Ciito do Uuiuc'o, 0(5, 1862 {cin'vta ,- not tlio earlioHl ro-
Htrictiou to a Liniitoan typo).

Hody moderately elongate; biick somewhat arched. Head oblong, with
liioHUoiit thick and pro tu Iterant; month almo8t hori/ontal, of moderate
si/o; )noopcr(jnlnm with its hony mai'gin lincdy serrate; lower Jaw with a
single thickish baibid. Teeth in viiiil'orm b;ind8, the ontermost in the
upper J aw somowhiifc enlarged. Anterior dorsal with about 10 spines; anal
lin with 2 spines, the second not very small. C'andal lunate or trnncate.
(; ill rakers normal, but short. Air bladder well devohtped. This giMius
( ontains a considerable unmber of species, most of them being American.
It agrees with SHinia in nearly all respects, excepting the presence at the
ciiin of a short, thick barbel. A similar barbel is found in the genus Men-
Inin-liiiii, hut notwithstanding the fact that all European writers have
confounded Mentivbrlins with Umbriiin, the two genera are not really very
closely relateil. (iiinhrd, shade; the name umbra was used for the typical
species by early writers, being ciiuivaleut to Sdaiia.)

r.MItlllNA:
((. Dorwal rnys only X-I, 25 .' no cross l)and.s .' lUiorssoNKTli, 1848.

aa. Uor.sal rays X I, 20 to 2!); sorrii' of prooiiordo alcntlcr, not notably llattuncd.

b. Body with about 9 dark vertical cross bauds, besides narrow iindnlatin;;
streiiksaloug tlio rows ot" scales ; second anal si>inc21 in head ; pectorals 1:^.

oouoniKs, 184i».

bb. IJody without dark cro 's bauds, the rows of scales above with distinct uudu-

latinu; streaks.

c. Snout bluntish, short, 3J in head; aerra- of iireopi'rclo comparatively

numerous and strong, subtoroto; body rather slender; the dark

streaks strongly marked ; tins largely yellow. honcadok, 1850.

ec. Snout longer tliau eye, 3 to 'i^ in head ; prcopere.le. distinctly serrate.

d. Second anal spine large, 2 in head; profllo straight, moderately
steep ; snout rather acute;' eye 4 J in head; mouth small, in-
ferior, the maxillary reaching middle of orbi*', its length 2^ in
head; dark streaks on scales strongly marked.
e. Gill cavity pale; scales 5-48; second anal spine 2 iu head.

XANTI, 1851.
ee. Gill cavity dark; scales 7-51 ; second anal spine 2\ in hi'ad.

sinai.o.t:, 1852.

(td. Second anal spine short ami thickish, !! in head. Back elevated,

tho anterior iirolilo steep and rat her convex ; snout blunt, much

protruding; mouth sn)all, horizontal; the maxillary reaching

just i)aat pupil, 3 in head; eye 5 in head; streaks on scales

obscure. (iAi.Ai'AaoRUM, 1853.

'(((((. Dor.sal rays X-I, 3(' to 33 ; preopercle with its edge weakly crenulate; mouth rather

large, subtermi il ; maxillary reaching posterior border of pupil, 2^ iu head;

second dorsal spine highest, 2 in head; soft rays high ; second anal spine 2 in

head ; pectorals slightly shorter than veutrals, which are Ijj iu head ; dark

streaks faint. doksalis, 1854.

* "Jo note ici qiui rcspf-eo tyi)ique du genre Scireua Art. etant 1' Umbriua rirruna CV.,
Ic iiom de Sciivna devra etre apjilique aux espcccs dont Cuvier a fait des Umbriua, et ne
IKiiiira i)lus etre employe dans le si^ns do (Juvier. Ni M. Giinther ni !M. (iill, dans le.urs
iravaux sur les Scienoides, puraissent avoir fait attcnti(m a ce ([ue le nom g6niriquo(l'Ar-

No. 47, pt. 2 15

r- •>[

w

1466 Bulletin 77, Ihiitcd States National Museum.

ill

II (

mm:': ■-

^ 'm !

:i- i.i-i

184H. i;Mltni\A III101ISK<»KTII, Ciivinr .vViilcncioniioR.

Tliis Hpcci»i8 i8 (lo8(Tibo(l as follows : '* Wo find in the collections of Hrous-
Hoiiet an Umhriiia announced at once (which is little probable), as fnnu
the South Sea and from Jamaica. Its height is 4 times in its ]»nf>;th ; lis
Itarbel is short and jminted; all its teeth are in fine velvet; the lobes Ik;-
fore its n])i)er Jaw are little marked, the ))reopercular denticnlatioiiN iuc
pronounced; though much altered, we do not see that it has spots, iind it
certainly seems a distinct species. Its dorsal spines are slender; the sec-
oiul amil is rather strong. Its ventrals are i longer than the pectorals.
There is reason to believe that the caudal was truncate. Its numbers ap-
proach those of the 2 preceeding species. D. X-I, 25; A. II, 6." (Cuvicr
iV Valencicnm^s; translation.) A doubtful species. If it really came f nun
Jamaica, it may be the same as Umhrina coroidea, but the fin rays are H;iirl
to be fewer. Cuvier & Valenciennes counted 29 in coroides. The luiinc
broiisaonetii has priority over coroides if the 2 are the same. (Named for
V. M. Augusto Hronssouet, doctor of medicine at Montpelier in the last ccii-
tnry; an accurate and conscientious naturalist.)

Vmbrina hroutsoiictii, CuviER & Vai.ENCIENNKS, Hist. Nat. Poies., v, 187, 1830. (Tyiir, a
Hlieciiueu iu ISrou.sHunot'H collvction supposed to be Ironi Jamaica.)

1849. UJIHKIXA ('OROIDKS,* Ciivior &. Valoiuitnnes.

Head3J; depth 3; eye Hif i" liead. 1). X-T, 27 or 28; A. II, 6 or 7; scales
5-48-10. Hody rather stout, the back somewhat elevated; mouth moder-
ate, maxillary extending to middle of pupil; teeth villiform, 8iibe(|ual,
in br(»ad bands; iireoporcle finely denticulate on its bony edge; barlitl
short; second dorsal spine highest, IJ in head; jiectoral tins short and
small. Is in head, not reaching to tips of ventrals nor hiilfway to vent;
caudal truncate; second anal spine thick, 2^ in head; gill rakers H-fil,
slender and small. Color silvery, darker above; body with about !l dark

terti est inal eniploy6 i»ar Ics autonrH lUDilcrncs, et M. Gill citte niAiiio le Scia'na ttijuiln
coiiniin lo t.vi>o (In jtenre." (IJleekcr, I. c.)

In (lUotii'iK Vmhnna cirrosa a» the type of Art^^li's goniis Scicena, Bleekcr iiieaus iiicnly
lliat it is tilt) one placed first by Arteai iu the list of spwies.

* Jordan &; Itiitter !i'^'«' f't) following desoriiition of speeinjens of Utnbrina r.nroidcs in
tlieir Fislies of Jamaica: llcad^JJ; deptbUA: ey« 4;; in liead. I). X-I, 27; A.II.fi; scali.s
6-50-9. lli^^lu'st i)t)int of dorsal outline- at anterior third of spinous dorsal, tbe anteridi-
oullin<i more strongly curved. Mouth inferior, Iiorixontal or nearly so; teeth e(|niil.iii
bands; barl)el short, Idunt; M'idtli of proorbital equal to length of eye; nostrils cIdsc
together, the posterior oblong more tlian Iwico as large as anterior, situated ininiediaidv
in front of e.ye; preoperele nnoly and evenly serrate almvo angle: ojierelo with 'J diiil
points, not extending to edge of marginal ineinbrane, thoh)wer somewhat inoreacule, luii ii
evenly projecting; tlie lobes and pores in front of the moutli well dovel<)ped. recloiiils
as loiigas ventrals, I3 in head, inserted under opercular nienibrano; ventrals inseittil
l)ehind jieetorals, tbe outer ray with a very tine tihnnent. Third dorsal s)>ine longest, V,
in head; caudal slightly ennirginate, tlie lower angle slightly rounded, upper and l(ini:ist
ra.ys 1 J in head, or equal to liead in front of opcrcle. Ground color steel j^ray, soniewliiii,
silvery (slightly golden in one specimen) ; 9 dusk.v bars on side, the anterior and postcrim'
less distinct, 2 in front of dorsal, 2 u;der spinous dorsal, the fifth in front of second diirs;i!,
the last at end of dorsal; each row or scales above belly with a dark line, tliese oblii|iii
above lateral lino, irregular below ; tip of spinous dorsal black, edge of soft dorsal dnsl; \ .
ventral and tip of caudal faintly dusky, underside of opercle black. This descriiition is
based on a perfect s]>eciinens lo'inchea long. They are not so deep .is the figure given iiv
Cuvier (1 17), the caudal is shorter, and there are 2 fewer rays in the dorsal. It seems bt>t
not to use the name Umhrina hnmtsonetii for this species, as the short account given by
Ciivier &, Valenciennes does notagree with the sjiecies, and 15i
not have come i'roiu Jamaica.

lirouHsouet's specimens niiiy

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1467

(TOSH Itands, beHides nndulutin^ dark Htroiiks along tlio rows of scales;
spinous dorsal blackish. West Indies; Florida to Hra/il; coninion on
sandy coasts. Hero d<!scribod from 2 specimens taken by Dr. .1. A. Hcn-
nha!l in the Indian Kivor, Florida, the only ones yet recorded from the
United States. Our specimens from .Inmaica are rather more eIon;;ate but
me probably the same, (vuro, a local name of Conodon nobilis; eidui;,
resemblance, from the dark cross bauds.)

I iiihrina ciiroidei, CvviKii &, VALK{<cmiisv.H, IliHt. NBt. rolHH., v, 187, 1830, Brazil; Poey,

lOniiinerntio, 48, 1875.
I iiihrina liroiiasonuetii, Gi'NTnEn, ("iit., ii, 1277, 1800 ; Jokdan \ « JiLiiKnr, Syiiopnis, 570, 188.1,

Hpeciuieim (loMcriliod from Iiidiiin lUver, Florida; Juudan \. KiiiEXMANN, I. c, 422.

1850. UMBKIXA UOM'ADOU. Jordan \. Gilbert.

(YELLOWKINNEU liONCADOR; YELLOW-TAILED CltOAKER.)

Ilead3|; depth 3i ; eye modernte, lA in snout, 5A iu head, H in inter-
orliitul width. D. X-T, 27; A. II, 7; scales r>S. l5ody elliptical-elongate,
tin' back somewhat elevated, the curve from snout to dorsal regular.
Head conical, blnntish. Mouth horiztmtal, the maxillary extending to
beyond front of pu])il. C'aiulal lunate, the upper lobe the longer. Second
;in!il spine strong, 2A in head, a little shorter than tliird dorsal spine. Pec-
toial short and small, not reaching tips of veutrals and not halfway to
vent, its length 1^ in head. Bright silvery, bluish above, with brassy
rellectious; sides with narrow, distinct, undulating streaks of deep olive,
niuning from the head and pectoral region upward and backward, with
some abrupt curvatures, to the base of the dorsal fin, sometimes alternat-
iiijf with lines of spots; uo vertical bars; cheeks pure white; lius mostly
yellow; jteritoneum black. Length 15 inches. Coast of southern Call-
lornla,. Point Conception to Guaymas; rather common about San Diego
1111(1 southward on shallow sandy shores; a handsome species, brightly col-
ored in life, and of soii'-j value as food, {roncador, grunter, the Spanish
iiaiiio.)

I'liihrhia inutiilatit, Stkindachneu, Ichtli. Deitr., lu, 21, 1875; not of CJntARD.

I'liihritia roncador, JoHDAN & GiLBKRT, I'roe. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1881, 277, Pequena Bay,
west coast Lower California (Type, No. 29:i71 . ('<dl. Lieut. Nichols) ; Jordan &. GlL-
iiEUT, Synopaia, .')70, ]88:i; Jordan &. Eigenmann, I.e., 422, 1889.

f!

^'' ''M '■ r ■*

1851. UMBRIXA XAXTI, (Jill.

(CoDORNIZ.)

Head 33 ; depth 3,'; ; eye li in head; snout 3 to 3i. D. X-I, 26; A- II, 6;
scales 5-48-8. Snout longer than eye; preopercle distinctly serrate; pro-
lllo straight, moderately steep; snout rather acute; mouth small, inferior,
the maxillary nearly reaching middle of orbit, its length 2i in head; teeth
sul)C(|ual ; gill rakers scarcely developed, 4 + 9; third dorsal spine highest,
l;i in head; anterior dorsal rays much longer than posterior ones; anal lin
pointed, the second soft ray longest, the second spine very strong, 2 in
head; ventrals slightly longer than pectorals, 1^ in head; lateral line
moderately arched anteriorly. Color bluish, silvery below; conspicuous

rvw.^'f.-

1468 liullctin /7, United States National Museum.

dark lines followinjuf the rows of scalos, those below lateral lineobliqno nis
W(;I1 UH those above; Hpiuoiis dorsal duHky; caudal, anal, and ventrals
bright yellow; oporcles dark within. Pacilic coast of tropical Aiiiorica,
('ape Man Lucas to Panama; a very coinnion and well-known footl-liHli;
taken by Dr. Gilbert, at Ma/atlan, Punta Arenas, and Panama. (Nannd
for John XantuH de Vasey.)
Vmhrina xant\yK\\\,\., I'lor. Ac. Niit. Scl. I'liilii. lH(i2, 2M, Cape San Lucas ((Joll. Ximtuxi ;

JoKDAN &, KlUKNMANN, i.e., VIW, 1H8U; KVKUMANN iV. JH.NKINH, I'lOC. I'. S. Nat. Mils.
1801, 150.
llmbnna anatiA, Ui^NTUKK, FiHiiim ( UMitnil Ameriua. :i87 and 4'Jtt, 18GU, Panama.

IH02. i;Mltltl>A NI.\ALO.K, Scollold.

Head 3|'-|, ; deptli 3'; eye 3J; snout 3^; interorbital space 4J; tip of
snout to end of maxillary 2.J. D, X-I, U8; A. II, (>; scales 7-51-10 (.sciibs
7 between front of dor.nal and lateral line, 10 between line and vent; 'A
pores in lateral line to base of caudal). Peiitoral 1'! in head; ventral 1^ ;
second anal spine 2j; third dorsal spines longest, \\ in head; gill rakers
(5 + 9, rather slender, about \ as long as pupil ; distance from snout to aiml
\\ in length (»f body (H in jraiili); barbel slender; caudal slightly luiinte,
the ui)]ier lobe the longer. Color dark above, greenish in life, silvery
below; a dark blotch on opercle; eon8j)ieu()U8 dark-(dive stripes folhiw
the center of the scale rows upward and backward on the sides and back,
stripes about i as wide as pupil; spinous dorsal dusky; ventrals and
anal pale, without punctulations; lining of gill cavity quite dark; gill
membranes of opercle pale; peritoneum i)ale. Resembles I', xatiti very
closely; but is distinguished by the dark gill cavity, the small scalcH,
small second anal spine, and more anterior position of anal. The stripes
on the body are slightly darker, not so xindulating, .nnd there are a lew
more of them, due to the smaller and more regular scales. Length s
inches. Mazatlan, Mexico. Several specimens obtained in company with
U. xanti, and equally abundant.

Vmhrinn .linaloa; ScoKiEi.i), rroc. (Jal. Ac. Stu. IBUO, 22(1, pi. 25, Mazatlan. (Coll. Ifop-
kinH Exp. to Siualoa. Typo, No. 1032, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mils.)

1K5». IJMBKINA <JALAl>A»<>UI M, Stcinilm liner.

Head 3:! to 3J; de]>th 3! to 3,^; eye 5 in head; snout longer than eye, 3 to
3.^ in head. 1). X-1, 28 or 29; A. II, (5; scales HO to 53. Second anal spine
short and thickisli, 3 in head. IJack elevated, the anterior profile steep
and rather convex; snout blunt, much protruding; mouth small, horizon-
tal, the maxillary reaching just past pupil, 3 in head; preoperclc linely
and sharply serrate; gill rakers very small; pectoral short, 1^ in head;
longest dor.sal si)ine 2 ; caudal fin slightly lunate, the upjier lobe the longer ;
scales above lateral line in very obli(iue series, in oblique series below
lateral line anteriorly. Color, grayish, yellow below; faint dark lines
along the scales on theupper half of the body, golden lines on scales below;
dorsals finely ]>unctulate; tins pale; gill cavity pale within. (Jalapagos
Archipelago. Here described from 1 of Dr. Steindachuer's original tyi)e,s.

TJmbrina galapagorum, Steinoachner, Ichtli. IJeitr., vn, 20, 1878, James Island,
Galapagos; JuiiDAN &. Eiqenmann, I. c, 423, 1889.

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — FisJics of North America. 14fi9

tNri4. IMItltlNA ItOKNAUN, nill.

Hoad Hi ; depth M, D. X-I, 29 to \\\. A. II, 7; orbit H in head; suout
\v\\ iiiiixillary 2! ; bighcHt dorHiil 8[»iiio Ijj; himoihI ansil spine 2*; caudal
I'm \\\ poctorals 1;« ; ventruls 1^. Hody moderately (dongate; back Houie-
wliat arcbed; inofile evenly convex from Hnout to dorsal tin; ventral oiit-
ii;io curved, tbe base of the anal tin but littler more obli(|iie than the
ndieral ventral contour; caudal jjcduncle at the narrowest place iil)ont 2^
ill liead. Mouth oblique, rather large, lower Jaw included; snout pro-
jecting a little beyond premaxilliiries; nuixillary reaching vertical from
tlie posterior border of j)upil; teeth in villiform bands, those of outer row
in iipiier Jaw enlarged, stronger in front; intcrorbital space convex, about
I in head; preorbital a little narrower than width of orbit; anterior nos-
tril witli a raised nuirgin, tbe ]»08terior part of whicb forms a low tlap;
iiiitorior and posterior margins of tbe other nostril with similar tiaps;
Imrbel of lower Jaw thick, blunt; edge of j)reoperclo finely serrate; gill
niiicrs short, 5-f-y or 10. Lateral line becoming straight at a point dorsal
to tbe posterior part of tbe base of anal (in; scales in lateral line 53; in the
series from Literal line to lir^t dorsal spine, 9; to vent, 14 or 15. Dorsal
Hpines moderately strop (^, the third biglicst; first dorsal rays highest, tbe
others gradually becoming lower, tbe last less than \ the height of lirst;
second anal spine very strotig, not reaching tips of last rays of dejtressed
I'm; upper lobe of caudal ])roduee(l, acute, the lower lobe rounded; ven-
tr.ils slightly hlil'orm at. the tips. Color bluish, silvery below, dark streaks
alciig the rows of scales; dorsals rather dusky, growing darker on edges;
lower lins creamy reddish. Pacific coast. Cape San Lucas to Panama ;
laie; recorded from Cape San Lucas, Mazatlan, and Panama. ller«i
described from 2 large specimens (2(10 an<l ;W5 mm. long), taken by Dr.
(Jilbert at Panama. The original ty]»e8, from Cape San Lucas, are but 4
inches long, (ilorsalia, pertaining to the back, from the many dorsal
rays.)

t iiihrhia dortaUs, Giix, Proc. Ac. N.at. Sci. Pliila. 1802, 2.'i7. Cape San Lucas; very yonn^ ;
(Coll. Xiuitus); .Idrdav \- (in.liKKT, I'roc. U. .S. Xiit. Mils. 1882, :!(i:t; .Ioukan \: (ill,-
liKllT, liiill. U. S. l'"isli (Joiniii. 1882, 107; JoUDAN kfc KlOKNMANX, I. c, 42;t, 1889.

^' I

591. MENTICIRRHUS, (iill.

(KiNGi'isn.)

Mnitieirrhus, Gn.i,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1801, 80 (nlhiirnm).
fCirrimen.i, Oii.L, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sci. Pliila. 1802, 17 {iipfnitei'iihaliig).
I'liibnila, Jordan \- ICioknmann, Ucvicw Sciiciiidic, 424, 1889 (littoralin).

iiody comparatively elongate, little compressed; bead long, subconic,
tlie blmitish snout considerably projecting beyond the mouth; month
small, horizontal, both jaws with liands of villiform teeth, the outer teeth
in tbe ujiper Jaw more or less enlarged; chin with a single stoutish bar-
hel; preoperele with its nienibranaccous edge serrulate; gill rakers short
and tubercular or obsidete; dorsal spines high, slender, 10 or 11 in number
(K) in f "irrimenH) ; second dorsal long and low; caudal fin with the lower
angle rounded, tbe upper sharp; anal tin with a single weak spine; no air

i;

■I

1470 liulletin 4.J, I7uifed States Natiojial Ahiscinti.

bladder, l.owor phnrynjjeiils Boparate, the toeth vaiyiiiff from sharp tD
very ol)tu8<>. This jjdiiuh is ono of tlie most Htroii>i;ly marked in the fsimilv .
It bus been cimfoiinded by all Kiiropeiin writers witli I'mhrina, with whirli
it has not very much in eommon except the presence of the barbel at tlir
chin. All the species are American, and all bottom fislies. 'i'he low,
elonpite body, the larjje pectorals, and tlie obsolete air bladder are all
characters related to tliis peculiarity of habit. Tlie jjeniis «»r snbjj;enn.s
CirrimcHR (ophiorephalus) from Chile ditl'ers in tlie larger nnmber ( lit) of
dorsal spines {mcntum, chin; cirrhm, barbel).

MENTIClHUHrS;

a. DorHiiI spines usually 11 ; lionil not terete, depressed, with low snout.

h. Gill rakers obsolete, rodueed to tulKTcular prontiiieiieeM, covered with todli
similar to t)io.se un the other gill arches, more developed in the young: lower
pharyngeals narrow; the teeth villiCoriii or cardil'orni, allot' them acute or
coui(^nl, none with rounded heads (molar) ; teeth in tlie outer series of up]i('i'
,|aw more or htss enlarged ; scales on breast large.
c. Soft dorsal rather short, its rays I, 18 to I, 22; snout prominent.

d. Snout very prominent, y.J in head, its tij) pro.jectiiig beyond the jut-
maxillaries for a distance about ^ diameter of eye; spinous diir-
sal elevated, its longest spines 1\ in head, reaching beyond front ni'
soft dorsal; eye large, but much smaller than in M. naiiis, 5.^ in
head; pectorals IJ in head. himuh, W>'i.

dd. Snout less ]>roininent, about 4 in head, its tip not recurved.

('. Dorsal rays X-I, 22, the spines rather high; eye very large, 4.i in
head, snout much pro.jectiug; ]iectoral 1^ in head.

NASf.S, IS'.O.

ee. Dorsal r.iys X-I, 19 or 20; dorsal spines lower, the longest bardv
reaching soft dorsal.
/. Snout rather short and blunt, HJ in head, projecting beyoml
premaxillaries nearl.v i a diameter of the eye; eye
small, 7 in head; maxillary reaching to posterior martiin
of ]iupil, 'i in head; outer teeth of upper ,jaw iiiuili
nnlai'ged; ])ectoral long, I4 in iiead; ventral 2}, in heiid:
longest dorsal spine as long as ]ieetural; U])per IoIih ol
caudal acute, lower lobe rounded, brownish above,
lighter below; lower llns with considerable bhick.

I'ANAME.VSIS, \H:u.

ec. Soft dorsal longer, its rtiys T, 23 to I, 23.

.'/. Mouth comparatively large, the maxillary reaching to below mid<lle oi'

eye, 2J to '.i\ in head; teeth on lower pharyngeals acute; back anil

sides usually with oblique dusky bars ; lower lobe of caudal tlie

longer.

h. Outer teeth of upper ,jaw decidedly enlarged ; dorsal spines not

much elevated, the longest usually not reaching front of soft

dorsal, IJ to Ij in head. Coloration, grayish silvery, the dark

markings not pronounced and often obsolete.

i. Dorsal rays X-I, 22 or 23; snout rather shorter and Icfis

pointed than in M. aiiierieauii.1, 3} in head ; mouth smalliT,

the maxillary 3 in head. Coloration usually plain, soiiir

times ver.v dark, otherwi.se as in Menticirrhiis a mevican us.

MAUTINICEN.SIS, IS.'iS.

a. Dorsal rays X-I, 24 or 25; snout longer, 3i in head; miixil
lary reaching nearly to middle of eye, 2}, to 3 in head ;
eye small, 2 in snout; teeth villiforni, in broad bunds.
the outer series of the upper .jaw very much enlarged,
larger than in the other species; veatrala short, IJ iu

&\:ii::

Jordan aud F.vcrmann. — Fishes of Norlh America, 1471

pnctornlN; jifictornlH IJ In lionil ; raiidnl /-Hhapoil, tlio
broad roiiiultMl lower lolxt lonticr tliiiii tlio iiciito iippfr;
Houh'H all cItMioiil, tlumiv of tlin hroant lart;t'r anil ri>;{U-
lurly placiiil. Color grayinli silvery, with ol)HCur« darker
cloudrt along tlio l>a(^k and nidos, tlioMO ninrkH tortnint;
duMky barst, riinniiiK olditnudy forward and downward to
<'onHldi*raldy below Ww lateral line, Wwm-i ot'ien olmolete;
tho bar at the napo aaddlo like; lining of gill cavity
iluMky; pectoral yellowinh, dimky at tip; an obseiiro
dnnkyntreak along the lower parts of nides niiiniug into
lower l(d)e of candal. amkukani's, 1859.

hh. Outer teeth of u|iperjaw lesH enlarged ; ftpinons dorsal elevated,
the longest Hpini* reaching paitt front of Hoft dorHal, itti length
1^ in head; (Miloration strongly marked, body scarcely sil-
very; eyes snuiU, 2\ in snout, 2 in interorltital area, about 7
in head; snout long, bluntish, \\\, in head; mouth largti; max-
illary reaching middle of eye, 21 in head; )iectorals If iu
head. Colordnsky gray above, sometimes blackish, the back
and sides with distinct dark obliiino cross bands running
downward and forward, the anterior 1 at tho nape extend-
ing downward, meeting tho second and thus forming a,
V-shaped blotch on eacti side; a dark lateral streak bound-
ing the pale color of tho belly, most distinct posteriorly, and
extending on lower lobe of caudal; inside of gill cavity
scarcely dusky ; pectorals dark. saxatims, 1800.

gg. Mouth smaller, tho maxillary reaching scarcely to front of eyu,
3^ in head; teeth on lower pharyngeals bluntish; coloration
grayish, with dark streaks along tho rows of scales. Snimt long,
little ]irojectinfi, 3^ in head; eye small, 7 in bead, 2^ in snout, \\
in interorbital area; outer teeth in upiier.jaw moderately enlarged ;
lower pharyngeals a little broader than in yi. amerieanttti, the
teeth coarser, and many of them bluntish, none of them really
molar; iicctorals 1^ in head; scales all ctenoid. Ccdor sooty gray-
ish, with bright rettections ; tho back, all the tins, and under side
of head dusky ; undulating lines ahmg sid(>s running upward and
backward, made of dark jmnts in center of each scale ; back often
with very faint dark cross bars; edge of opercle dusky; lining of
gill cavity slightly dusky. unpulatus, 1861.

r.Miiitt'LA {umbra, shade) :
hh. dill rakers present, very short and rather slender; lower pliarjiigcals rather broad;
S(une or most of tho teeth molar, that is, enlarged, with thickened rounded
heads, tho nudar teeth covering at least tho anterior portion of tho bone; teeth
in the outer series of upper jaw scarcely larger than tho others : scales on breast
small.
j. Upper lobe of candal longer than lower; scales rather small, abont 25 in an
oblique series from vent forward to lateral line; axillary scale J length of
pectoral; snont very little projecting; gill rakers very short, 3 + !J, the
longest about i diameter of pupil; lower pharyngeal bones narrower than
in littomUii; body more elongate than in other species ; eye small, 7 in head ;
, snout long. 3 in hciid ; mouth small, the maxillary scarcely reaching front of
eye; anterior soft rays of dorsal almost twice as long as the posterior ones.
Color bluish on sides and back, silvery below, without stripes or bands.

EL0N(iATU8, 1862.

jj. Upper lobe of caudal not longer than lower; scales rather large, 15 to 18 in an
oblique series from vent npward and forward to lateral line; axillary scale
not J length of pectcn-al; snout distinctly projecting beyond month, 3J in
head; gill rakers larger than in other species, the longest about i length of

f ■'■,'

y-si

1 J72 Ih(lk(in ./7. Vnitid S/a/rs Naiicniaf ^rnsn^^n.

]iii|ill, tlio iiiinilxT X i 1 ; lowiT t)lmrvii;.'('al Ihiiiih liroitil Coliir Milvi>r\
^niy iklxivit, V illi IiIiiImIi uihI hroii/.o rxllrt'liiiiiH, iiiiiiiiiciiliit)': ii iliirk Iit'iii/c
MliiKir uloii); iililt'M oil li'Vt'l of |ii'<'(<>r'aU, cxli'tiiliiii; In tjill iiihI ailing; i'IiitUh
liitllv lidlow UiIh iiliniplly wliilr; dornalH liulit Inowii, ii|iiiiiiiiH tlorMiil blurk
III lip, tlio liaHi< imrniwly uliitii; cuiiilal pali', lltt lip iiHiially Mack; Iiiikt
liiiiii;; of ]i('('t(iriil ami \fnlnilM lilackiHli; ^\\\ ruvily pali*. i.ri'ToiiAi.iH, ixi;:;.

IS.'i.'i. MKMinitltlMIS SINI'S, .lorditii \ KlKi'iinianii.

llua«i:tA; depth I; oyo 5^ iiiliuiiii; Hiioiit :t.!. 1). \-I,22; A. I,S: himIi^
fi-HL'-lO, Hudy robust; back HOinrwImt (u>iii)ir<>sM(Ml anil ri'Kiibirly larhcil;
di^ptb iibuiit unit'orin botwecn tbo liiHt dorsal Npiiiit iiiid tlH« lirHt Hot't r.iy ;
ciiiubil piHlnncle rathi-r lioavy; diHtanco iVoin biHt dorHal ray to bi>^iniiiiiL;
of iniddlc caudal ray Hli<;]itly iiioro than 2 in head. Iluad Hubconiciil;
]iroiilc Htccj), Hli;;htly doprossod over the poHtorior jtarl of cyoH; hiioiiI
abruptly 1>liiiited, tiiriiod up anteriorly, Nii<j:KeNtin}{ tlio form of nnont in
tbu HoriM'iit llilerodon; r> lar^o inciHioiiH in tlie nppiM' lip, K largo oval and
3 HHiall round jtores above thorn, aH in other H))ocieHof Meiiticirrlnin; uiontli
liori/.ontal, inferior, the Huont extnidiiifj i of its lenjjth boyond tlie jire-
niaxillary; nuixillary oxtondiiifj; past middle of eye, slij^hlly more than II
in head. Tot^th in lower Jaw villiforni in rather broad bandH; njiper Jaw
with a banil of small teeth and an outer Hories of etdar>{ed ouch; largest t eel h
of the oiitersorieu Hliglitly longer than the anterior nostril ; ))reopercle with
fine widely placed teeth on its membranous border; gill rakers obsolete;
pseudobranchiie very large; lower pharyngeal teeth villiforni, those of
the inner series niiiidi enlarged; first dorsal beginning behind base ot'
poct(tral, the (irst spine minute, tb'- socoiid spine highest, reaching in
third dorsal ray, 1.^ in head; postei, r margin of spinous dorsal deeply
concave; dorsal soft rays low, 8ube(|ual ; caudal une(|ually lunate, the
upper lobe much the longer, 1\ in bead; anal inserted under lifth dorsal
ray, its spine weak, 5 in head; the anterior anal rays much the longer,
but not extending to tip of last rays; ventruls l-! in per'torals; pectorals
1,' in head. .Scale*, large, all strongly ctenoid, those in the lateral line
and those above it more or less covered with smaller ones; soft dorsal
with a very narrow scaly sliealh; bases of pectorals and caudal densely
scaly, the rest of the tins naked. Color grayish above, lighter below;
lower parts of sides with numerous dark points; faint lines following the
rows of scales above; spinous dorsal dusky, anal with dark specks; axil
and inner margin of pectoral dusky; other tins ]»lain; lining of gill cavity
dusky. This species seems to dilfer from McntUirrhns uanns in the si/e of
the eye, the size of the teeth, and the size and shape of the snout. Dr. .lord nn
has examined the type of M. nasuH and veritied the description of (iiinther.
The large size of the eye in ^f. Hrt.ti/« is not duo to the immaturity of the
typical oxampl(^ P.icilic coast of tropical America; M.izatlaii to I'anama,
rather common in the surf. Here described from the type, (siiniis, jmg-
nosed.)

Menticirrlnis nasu.i, Joiidan .t (Jiliiep.t, Hull. V. S. Fisli Coriiin. 1S82, 107 and 111; imt

Uinhriiia ikihus, IJCntiikb.
Menticirrliun sim iis, .fonDAN \ Kkjknmann, Kcvic w Si'ia-iiida-, 427, 1«8'J, Mazatlan. ('ryjn',

NO.2S202. Coll. Gilbert.)

Head
live v eij
I'ljlial t|
ii iieliinl
/ >hap<'i|
lihieki»l|
Npecime
III Miiili\
nosed. ;

I mill inn H

1'n.r.
Ml iilifiniM

ileadli
ni;i\illar
2 . ; peeli
the oiitli
latter l>oi
outline n
ical; mo
|ii)sterior
tliiise of
iii;i\illari<'|
Iniid ; prei
tiilienulai
latei'iil liiii
til vent 17
rays higlu
weak, I an
tiian the r
above, ligl
liniwnish
and Cauda
Mark. I'i
(iiiiinion a

I'ltihriiinpa

iliiilii'irilnii

Kioenm;

1

Head 3^
()-."i2 to .'').")-
iiig to bell

' SIdliidac
(li<r I'aiidalc
till' iliirsal h
linn. Tlie t

Jordan and /Cviiniann. — /'"ishcs of Xortli .h/frn'ra. 147.'l

isAn. MKXTiriKiiiUM ^A^i^S((:itlltll•-r).

ll.'iulMi; .loplli I; oy.« M in linul. D.X-I.'J'J; A.I.H; hciiIoh 0-51-11.
|',\c\««rv liirijf; Miioiit itrojiM-tiii;; hoyoiid lower jjiw lor a dlHtuiwn about
I i|iinl to ^ Mio (liiUMcttir of tlio )>y*>; nioiitli hiiiiiII, iiiforior, tlu' inaxilliiry
i> lU'iiiiiK to Ix'low itiiihllo ol'oyo, ;{ in li<>a*l ; ]to('toral 1,^ in htMiil, ruudal (In
/'nIiiiImiI, till' n|i|MT lolm |)oiiittMl, tlir lowrr roiiiHli'tl. Color, Hi! very ; lins
|il;irl<isli. I'ananiii; rari'. Ilfri' ilt>N<;i-ilM>d from tiir ty|M> and Iroin a HMiall
H|)i'cinuMi, tlio H4M'on<l Iviiown, talion liy Dr. (iillM<rt at I'ainuna. It Ih cIoho
Id McnlirirrlniH itimiiH, but thn oyo [h lar^rr, tlie Niioiit lon^'er. (/((imhm, Ioiik-
iiost'd. )

t iiihriiiit iiiiiiin, <il^NTNKU, KIhIioh (Vntriil Aiiioricu, :iH7 niitl 420, ItidU, Panama; JoiuiAN,
I'nx'. Ac Nut. Si'l. I'lillii, IHn:;, '.'Hi).

il, Hiidnhut /lrt.«»*,.I<lin)AX iV KlllKNMANN. I. (!., 4211, I8H0.

IN.'ti. MKNTinitKlirS I'ANANKNSIK (SUiiiiiliirlitiAr).

iioaii:U; doptli I. I>. X-I, lit t<» *J1 ; A. I, {>; orbit 7 in lu'iul; hiiouI U:^ ;
iiiiiNiiiary :i| ; liighcst tlorNiil N),in<- It; anal H|>in<>r>; cuuilal 1;^; ventraJH
2; poctoralB 1^. IJody (donj;at«v not nunh coniprcHHt'd; buck fll<n'at«'d,
till' outlino Itut littli' rurvid fioni Huont to llfHt ilorHal Hpiiu); from the
l.itler ]U)int it desctondH in ii HtraiK:lit lino to the caudal podumlt); vuntrul
iiiillint) routidod; eaudal ))ednnelo Wl, in head, lload lon^, Homowhat <'on-
ictil; month a little oblii|n<^; maxillary (txtendiu); to the vi'rtical I'rom
|Misteriiir part of pupil, W in head ; ontor toeth of upper \\x\\ mueh onlar);*^! ;
tlidse of lower Jaw Hube(|nal; hiioiiI blunt, projectinj,' beyond th« j>r«-
iiKi\illarieH iiuarly \ thu diameter of oyo; iuterorbital H|»aeu llattiHh '1:{ in
JHiid; jtreorbital 7 in head; barlud narrow, with a ecuiieal bas«?; gill rakern
liilienular. Shape (»f lateral lino like that of dornal contour; HcaleH in
lull rill line 50 or .")!, in the Heries from lateral lino to first dorsal spine ><,
li> vent 17 or IS. IMrut dorsal spine minute, the third lon^cHt; lirst dorsal
liiys lii;j;liest, the liii beeo niuj^ ;;radually lower |>osteriorly ; anal spine
wiak, ', as long as the rays; iijiper lobe of caudal acute, a little Khorter
tliMii the rounded low«!r bdte; pectorals larjje and strong. ('«)lor hrownish
iiliove, lighter below, the lower parts more or less thickly sjieckled with
liKiwnish dots, these disappearing almost entirely on the breast; dorsal
iiiid caudal lins dusky, with darker margins; lower tins with considerable
li!;i(k. i'acilic coast of tropical America, Ma/atlan to ranama; rather
coiiiiiion at I'anama.

I i.ilirinapavamcnuu,' Stkinuaciineii, Iclitli. JJritr., iv, it, ISTrj. Panama.
ihiilirirrliiit /laiunnniiiii, .louoAN A (ilMiKUT, Jiull. I'. S. Fisli ("oin. IHH'J, 107; •Iukdax A
I'llOENMANN, I. C, 4'J9, l«8n.

IS5H. MKNTK IKKIirS MAKTINH'KXSIS (('iivi. i \ Viil. n. liniuH).
(.iKWSIIAKl- Duimmkh.)

Head 3^ ; dejith ti ; snout 3i in head, D. X-I, 22 to 24 ; A. T, 7; scales
tl-.")!' to r).">-l<), 54 jiores. Mouth comparatively large, the maxillary reuch-
iii!,' to below middle of eye, 2^^ to 3^ in bead; teeth on lower pharyngeals

Sltfinilachmjr's reiimrk, "Dio Iliilio iles liincHton .'!. Dorsalntaelicls K'ca'l't «li'r Liinpt)
(Icr C'iiiiImIc odcr (lor I'cctoiali'," i.s Car fridii coiicct in adult Hpeciiiiniis. Tlie vouhk 'lavo
tlir liiPiMal lii{{lifr anil tlir pcrtnriils sliorlcr, Itiit ajin-i' ollirrwisp fairly with nis duscrip-
liiiii. The cdloratioii is much ilarkor tiiaii Htntnd uv liini.

T

1474 liiil/tiin .fj, I 'nititi Stales A\ilional Must'Htn,

V

;■
-i
:<

nniitn; uiit(«r ttM-tli of iippor Jaw <l«ciilt><lly fliiliir)(A<l. Dnrnal ■piiit^H ii.>t
iiiiifli «>lovut<<il, Mio liiiiir«)Ht iiMiiKlly not rnai-hiiiK front of Hoft ilorHivl, |i
to l|i ill hmtd. Lownr IoImi of raiiiltil loii^cHt. Snout ratlu'i- Hlioitcr ainl
leMH potiittMl tliiiii ill .)/. (tmiririiHiio; iiioiitli Hiiiullvr, tlio niaxilliir.v :( in
Id'uiI. ('oloratioii iiHiiiilly plain, Noiii«tiiii<tH vny tiark; )uii-k aixl Niilrn
iiHiially wifli olilii|iio (limky liarn. W'ost InilifH to l'atii);oiiiu; viiry rom-
iiion on tlio rouHt of Kra/.il, wlirii' it ri'placoN tlu^ cloHi-ly n-latod M. ami it
runitH, from which it is not wull Mcparatcd. (hir HpoiriinoUH aro fmni
.lainaira. (Nanwd for Martinii|iio, tlio t,v])» locality.)

I'tnhiiiia m(irliniefiiitiM,C\\lKU\ Vai.knciknnks, lllsl. Nnl. I'oUm., v, 180, IKlo. M.ii

tinlque; iWtMiiKU, ('»(.. ii, U77, IMUI; .Iuudan, i'mc. I'.S. Nat. Miih. IhHII, 5:iu.
I'mhrina i/iilii(l«. CCVIKU iV \' AI.RM IKNNKH, IliMt. Nut. riiiHH, V, IHO, 1831), Brazil; (ilN

TIIKK, Cut., II, '.77, I8tX»; JttiiOAN, iVoc. l' . S. Nut. MiiH. IHHfl, .'.no.
Iiiilirina tiiiniita, <:i'ViEit\ Vai.KNCIKNNKH, IIInI. Nut. I'uIhh., v, lUU, I8:i(), Brazil;

(il'NTIIi:!!, ('ut.,u.'27tl, I8UU.
I'mbrinii jitnuiiriii, Si'KiNiiAcltNBK, Ichtli. It*>itr., V, 11!'J, 187(1, Rio Janeiro.
Mtntieiniiim tiinilinifn»ii,' •Johdan A Kiok.n.mann, I. e., 4'Jtl, 1880; ItKlto., Ann. Miih.

llilKH. Airos 18l).'>, &t>.

IHAtt. MKXTICIItltllllK AMKIin'AM'NlMiiiuniM).

((.'AIIOI.INA WlllTINO; gAM> WlllTINO.)

H«a(l.S); depth I toH; oye (Ij} in head; Hnoiit;^. I). X-I, 24 or 2r>; ,\,
1,7; HcaloH (!-").'», V2 pttres. Maxillary roachiny; nearly to iniddio of «'y«, -!
to .'{ in lioad; »yo Hiiiall; tvoth villiforni, in broad handH, tho outer Heriis
of the upper Jaw very inneli riilai'|red, larger than in the other Hperics;
veiitralH Hhort, IJ in pectorals; poctornlH IJ in head; eaiidal/-Hhaped, the
liroad rounded lower lolte lonjror than the aeuto ii|)per; scales all <te!ioiil,
those of the breast larger and regularly jdaccd. Color, grayish silveiv.
with obscure darker clouds along the back and sides, those iiiarks form
ing dusky bars, running obli(iuely forward and downward to considoralilv
below the lateral line, these often ob.stdete; the bar at the nape saddli -
like; liniug of gill cavity dusky; pectoral yellowish, dusky at tiji; an
obscure dusky streak along lower part of sides running into Iow(>r loltc
of caudal. South Atlantic and (iulf coasts of the United States, Chesii-
peake Hay to Texas; very cuniiuon on the s.'indy ct)asts of our Southern
States, where it is a food-iish of 8(une importance.

* We hftvo examined the ty|)08 of I'mhriua viartinieentii and TT. graeilin in tlio nnistiini
at I'ari.s; al.-^o nnnioruiiM H|>()ciineiis in tliu niiisuuin at Cambridge, u|ii)urently iiluntii ;il
witli tlieai', Ironi Kio .Janeiro, IMo (irunde do Sal, Victoria, lialiia, and Alontovideo. 'I'lir
Hiit'cicH Hct'ins to l>u iiseoininou in Soutli Anit^rica hh its aiiBluji^iie, 1/. ameiicdiiiis, i.s in
North Aiuerica. Tim two am exeoedin^Iv alilte, and tiutrtinicnms in prolmlily a nm
Kraiiliical variety of the other, distiiiifuixliod jierliajiH I)y a Hliglitly smaller ni'niilii'i' ui
ruva in tiie dorMiil tin. Weru it not that tlie Sciirnoid t'ai'ina of Soiitli Anicrica itt cliiiiU
diilurent from tliat of North America, we Hhoiild acarcely hesitate to phu'o luaitiiiiirntin
ill the Hynunymy oi (tinericaniiii. Umbrina janwirin is upiiarently hascd njion tlio spi'ii-
iii(!U8 from li.io Janeiro examined by us. I'mbrina jiraciliii vttui based on tlie dried sUin
of a yoiin;; exam])lu, distorted and varnished, f.'mhriiiii airnatii, as desciihed by Cuvitr
& Valeneieniies, <loes not ditl'er at all from .If. inartinicennit. As described by i)r. (iiiii
ther, the scales are 72 to 78 in ari-nata. Itis evident, however, that (Jiinther lias enmiiecl
not the pores, but the number of vertical series of scales, and these range from 70 to Mii in
nearly all of our s]ie(;ies, the number exceeding tlie number of pores by about '20, iiiid
similarly exceediu); the number of obli(|ue series. We see no reason, therefore, for nut.
placing areHdfa in the synonomy o{ martiniceniis, (Jordan & EiKenmauu.)

Mh II ni 111
Caroliij

I hiiiniix lit

<>( ('ATI
uliieh
/ , 1,(1 illhiil
I itiUriiiii {\
tiago;

(' nlll>lll>mt
I mlilillll III

II/J7.1, 1|
)lrnlii'iirhti

.Uintieinhil

lleadli'j
H; Miih!s7
Hill clevat
I', in Ilea
sli-litly d
till area;
(.f<^ye,2{
ill I ctenoit
siilcH with
Willd, the
stM'ond iinil
stieak btui
exh'iiding
pci'tonils d
to l\ey VVei
An excellei
of our Noi
of M. ameri
lieiiig of m
liar. A la
several sni;
not otherv
ittilin, perta

Jnliiiiiis gnxm
)lfiitii-inhiis
\. SCILNICI
I'liihilna neb
Ml iilicirrhun
Ml iitieirrhu*

• Tlie origii
lit Itei'lin, wli
Iliiit of feijui
iianics, the si
liu.sed "Kock

Jordan and Ihwrmann. — Fishes of North .Inurica. 1475

l/' rtiNiM atn*riranii» (tlitt WfiilliiK), Oatkhiiv, Nat. TTInt. rnmliiiMH, t-lo., pi. 12, f. 3, 17:M.

Carolina.
( „i,,iniiM,iiii,'rieanii». I.INN.V.IN, Sv>tl. Nut., Kil X,321, IT.IM, Carolina; liiimil on ilii> Wliltinu

iif Catkhmv, mil Cfiiiriini* ainiTiciiiiiit of llii' tweU'th Killtlon ui' tlii< S\Mt<<r>ia Naliinc,

wliirh ill u C.N |ii'lii(il<l.
/iv.i (i//<((r;iiM, I.INN KtiH, .SvMt. Nat., K<l. xri, 4H'.', IH7rt, Charleiton. (toll. Id Uiir<li>n.)
I nhriiiii phalima, CiitAim. i'riM , Ar. Nut .S< i I'liilii. Ih.'iM, |iI7, Indiunola, Braiua San-

tiaKo; (liRAUl). r S. mill Mix. Ilniiiiil. Siirvi>Y. i:i. IH.M>.
( , iiiniii<nnu»iilliiiriiiin. l,.\r(:i'i.iiK. IIIhI. Nut., I'iiInn., iv. '.'4tt, 2.''i7, '.'(U, iHii'J.
I iiihnixl illhurniil, (,'l'VIKII A VAI.KNOIK.NNt^^, IIImI. Nut. I'iiIhm., v. IHO, IH:I0: <il NTIIKII, Cat.,

11,27:., IHtM).
)lr,iliiiirliuii nth II rmm, J onUAS \ (iii.iiRitr, SmiuiikIm, .''>77, IHHII.
.l/Mi'ict>>7ii<«a»i«-rt{iu/tt<«, .liiiinAN A Kiuk.'s.mann. (. f.,'i;ii), IMHU.

iHott. .iii^:>TniititiirK saxatii,is(IiiimIi a .si imoiUi ■•).
(KiNOKiHiii Sea Mink; NonrnKKN Wiiitincj.)

Ilt>i»l:»'| to •; <lt'l»th ».} tolji; cycTiiihriKl; Hiuiutll'l. I). X-I, L't'.orL'T; A.I,
S; M'iiUm7-5l{, II ponw. OiiterttMth of iipporjiiw Iohh imi larked; HpiiioiiHdor-
H.'il rlevutocl, till- lon;;«;Nt H|iiiuti't'iu'liiii){ |i:iat t'tont of soft (loiHal, itH liii^th
tl ill lirtt<l; citloratioii MtroiiK'.V iiiiirkcd, hody Hcancly Hilvcry. I'rolilu
sli^litly dtipn-HHcd aliovr thi- <>y«H; oy small, 2^ in Hiioiit, 2 in iiituroilii-
liil aron; Huoiit IoiiK) Idinitisli; mouth lar^re; maxillary rtMchin;; middle
of (■yr,2t inlu'Uil; vtMitralH lA in pi'ctoralH, wliich aio l| in head; himiIoh
nil ctunoid. Color dunky );ruy ali<»v«>, HomctimoH Itlackialt, tin- Imck and
HJiliH with diHtinct dark oldiipiu <'roH8 bandH riiiinin}r downward and for-
wniil, thi' anterior oiu* at thi- napo cxtcndinj? <Iownward, moctiiiy thr
sci'iind and thiiH forinin^ a V-Hliapud' Idotch on iMiclisidtt; a dark lateral
stiiiik bounding thr pale <-olorof tho bully, ino.st diHtinct ]io8t<-riorly, an<l
I xli'iidin); on lower loho of catidal ; iiiHidu of ^ill cavity Hcarculy duHky ;
pi-i'toralH dark. Atlantic and (iiilf coiiHts of the United States, Cape Ann
to Key West and reiiHacola; inoHt coinmnu northward on Handy bottoiiiH.
All excellent food HhIi. TIum species is generally common alonj^ the coaHta
of iiiir Northern States, its greatest abiiaikince being north of the limit
of .)/. americttniin, a species which it. very closely resembles, the ditferenccs
lieiiig of minor importance. Southward its distribution seems to be pecu-
liar. A large specimen was obtained by Dr. Jordan at Pensacola and
soveral small ones at Key West. All these an; very dark in color, but
iidt otherwise evidently different from the common northern form. (8«j-
aliliH, ])ertaiuing to rocks.)

.I'.liiiiiisgnxatilis," IlLOcii A: SrnNEiDRU, Syst. Ichth., 75, 1801, New York.

.UniriVin/iK^ x(jj;((^7i«, Jordan, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci.Pliila. 1883, 288 (notu on typo of Bloch

\ SCII.NKIDEII.)

I'liilii-iita nehulosa, (iVjiTHV.n, Cat., li, 275, 1800.

MnilU-irrhuH nehiildxiit, .Iokdan \- (Jimieut, Synopsis, 577, 1883.

Ml niicinhiiHsaxatilin, JoHUJiN \: BIioenmann, /. c.,431, 1889.

* Till) originnl type of Johniun taxatilia, sent by Schiipf to lUoi^li, is still in the niiiHiMim
at lirrlin, wluTcIt has binni oxaniiuud by us. 't'lio iiainti mxaliUi for ihe Whitiof^. like
tliat of reijulU tor the Weaktlsh, <-auiu' about throiigli a t'oiit'iisiou of thu vernacular
iianii's, tlieHunpoHi-d 'Kingtish" being named " Ju/ttiu(« r«^u2t8" by Ulucb.nnd the sup-
iiusL'd "liouktisb, " "Johnius naxatilis.

w

i •;.• ,;

■|::

I

f M

147(5 BiiUclin 4.7, United Siafcs National Museum,

\m\. MK.NTICIRKIIDS IIXItrLATFN (Oirard).

(CALIFOIINIA ■WlllTINH; SANU SUCKKU.)

Head 4; deptli 4 to 5; eye 7 in heiul; snout 3ji. D. X-T, 25 or 2(5; A. I. s;
scalcB 7-00-11. Moiitli siiiallcr, the niaxilliir^ roacbinjj; scarcely to doiil of
eye, H^ in head; teeth on lowor pliiirynj^cals bluntisb. Snout lonj;, little
projectinfj; <'ye small, 2^^ iu snout, 1* in interorbital area; outer teotli in
upper Jaw moderately enlarged, about as in M. aaxatUia ; lower ])liai\ii
goals a little broader than in M. amcricanuH, the teeth coarser, and iii.iny
of them bluntisb, none of them really nudar, those of the inner postt riin
corner of th(i bone inueh enlarged; highest dorsal spines 1 J in head, tlicir
tips reaching to soft rays; ventrals H in pectorals, which are 1!, in liciid;
scales all ctenoid. Color sooty grayish, with bright rellections; the bii( k,
all the tins, and under side of head dusky; undulating lines along sides
running upward and bacikward, made of dark points in canter of c.ich
scale; back often with very faint dark cross bars; odg«^ of opercle dusky;
lining of gill cavity slightly dusky. Sonthorn California, north to Santa
Harbara; rather common along the sandy coasts; a food-fish of moderate,
importance, {itndulatiic, waved.)

Umbrina nndulaia, Girard, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philii. 1854, 148, San Diego, California
((;oll. A CaHHidy); \i)iiiifj individual; GnsAUi), l'. S. V. li. K. Survey, x, 101, ISSH.

MentMrrhvs vndvlatii*, .J)RDAN &. Gilhert, SynopeiM, 578 and 933, 1883; Jordan a, Kiuk.v-
MAN.N, I. c, 432, 1880.

Subgenus UMBRUTjA, Jordj i . Eigonniaim.

1803. MKNTK'IUKIirS KliOXMTUS (Giiutlur).
(Verruoata.)
Head 3|; depth i^; eye snuill, 2^^ in snout, 7 in head; snout long, ;i iu
head. I). X-1, 22to24; A. 1,7; scales 5-53-13. I'pper lobe of caudal longer
than lower; scales rather small, about 25 in an obli<iuo series from vent
forward to lateral line; axillary scale* length of iteetoral; snout very litlh;
jtrojeeting; gill rakers very short, 3-f-5, the longest about ^diameter of
pupil; lower pharyngeal bones narrower than in littoral 'tH,t]nf mcdar teeth
smaller, covering the whole anterior part of the bone; <'(mical t<!e(li (in
posterior part of the bone, the outermost row enlarged; body more ehm-
gate than in other species; prolile low, little convex; mouth small, tlio
max'llary scarcely rea.hing front of pupil, 3 in head; second dorsal h|miio
I'H ill head, iiiiterior soft rays of dorsal almost twice .is long as the ])oste-
rior ones; caudal with an /-shaped margin; ventrals If, in pectorals; pee-
torals 1* in head. Color bluish on sides and back, silvery below, witlmnl
stripes or bands. I'.acilic coast of tropical America, Ma/atlan to I'aiianii;
very conunou in the surf in shallow »vater. Its reJations aie evidently
with ^f. lUloralia, but in several respects it represents a transition toward
Menlidrrhiis uudtilatus, its nearest relative .among the typical Meiitifinhi.
This relation i)revents us from regarding I'mhnihi as a genus distinct t'rorii
MentUirrli ii», as its characters would s«^em to indicate, {vloixjattts, elougai e. )

TJmhrina clongata, GiiNTHEB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18G4, 148, Chiapas; (it'NTUER, V''!<U>>i

(Central America, 387 and 425, pi. 04, ti^'. 2, 18(i!).
Menticirrhit* flditgatiin. Jduuan a. (iu.iiERT, l!idl. U. S. Fish (,'unini. 188.i, 1(I7; Joui)A.\ a

ElOENMANN, L C, 432, 1 889.

Jordan and livcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1477

18«». MKM'K IIIKIIIJS lilTTOltAMSdIulliiuok).

(SUKK WmriNU; Sll.VKK WlIITINf.)

llciul 'A\ ; depth i;^ ; oyo G.J in head ; snout \\\. I). X-I, 23 to 25; A. I. 7;
Hiiiles 6-r»3, VI ])ores. llpiuii' lobe of cundal not lonj^er tliun lower; HcaleH
rithcr liirgo, 15 to IH in an ohlitjue serieH from vtuit Mpward and forward
Id L.tcral line; axillary Ncalo not J lonf^th of pectoral; Huoiit diHtiuctly
linijeetiii}; beyond month; ffill rakerH larger than in other H))ecie8, the
limije.st about \ length of iiujtil, the number j- -j- 7; lower pliaryngeal boneu
hro;id, most of the teeth ilevelopcd as courHe nudars, only thowe along the
]i(i-terior margin eonica); maxillary reaching pa,st fnmt of orbit, \\\ in
lit:i(l; outer teeth of ui»per JaAv Hcan-ely enlarged; longest dorsal sftiueH
itMihing past fr(»nt of soft dorsal, the free margin of tlie fin eoncave; can-
(lul rather deei)ly lunate, the lower lobe roundi-d, the upper ])ointed; veu-
ti.ils 1 i in pectorals, which are l^in head. Color silvery gray above, with
l>liiish and bronze rellections, imnuiculate; a dark-bronze shade along sides
oil ]t'\el of I'.ectorals, extending to tail and along cheeks; belly below tliis
iiliniptly white; dorsals light biov u, s]iinous dorsal black at tip, the base
narrowly white; caudal pale, its tip usually Idack; inner lining of jtectoral
luul vontrals blackish; gill cavity pale. South Athiiitie and Gulf coasts
ot the United States, North Carolina to Texas; generally common in the
siiif .ilong the saudy shores of the f'>outhern States. It resembles Meiili-
cirrhiix aiiierifainin somewhat in external characters so that it has often
liccii confounded with it by careless observers. Its le(^hnical distinctions
are, iiowever, numerous, and in the form of its jduiryngeal teeth it dill'ers
ill a marked degree from the true Mcniicirrlnin. (Uttoralia, pertaining to
tlio shores.)
i'lnhrinn littorali.i, HouiaooK, Iclilliyol. S. Ciirolina, Isl ctl., 142, \>\. '20, liir. 1, 18.'if., South

Carolina; (IOntimih, ("at., ll, 2'ii>, IHGO.
^[lnti(•in■hlls lith.-nliii, Johdan &. (iil.liEin', Synopsis, <j;i3, 1883; Joudan & I';^(Jli^MA.^^■,

(. c, 432, 188y.

592. PARALONCHURUS, Hocourt.

(COKVALOS.)

I'mahiiickiinii, Kocoi'UT, Nouv. Arcliiv Alim. I'aris, iv. 21, 1609 (inti\'si).

I'liOii-inhus, I'.ocoUKT, Nouv. Ariliiv ^lus. I'aris, iv, 22, 18ti!t {ilnnu i ili) -, not roljicirrliiis,

ilmiii;, 18,')i), a y;<'MHs ol' worms.
I'liliii'lciiiKii, liKUti, Ann. il IIS. Nac. lincnos Aires ISSt.'i, 54 {ihimciilij ; salisliliilr for I'lihi

cirrlniK, jircoccupipd.
/.inliiscinil. .loHDAN it EvKHMANN, Clicck-Llst, 401, 181M) (rathhuni).
/iii'Iniiilll, (JU.IIKKT, ill JomiAN .V KVKHMANN, Chock List, 401, 18U0 (;/i)(((/('l).

iSody more or hiss elongate, the head rather slender ; preopercle without
lioiiy scrratures; a row of slender barbel.s along the inner edge of tiie
<l('!itary bones, and a snnill tuft at the chin; no pseudobranchia- ; gill
nilii rs 'ibscdetc, or nearly so; teeth in biinds, the outer above enlarged or
ii()( ; soft dorsal usually rather long; spinous dorsal and anal moderate;
SI iilcs nioilerate or rather small; caudal long. Species rather numerous;
Soiitli .\iiierican; closely agreeing in technical characters but divisible
into 1 strongly marked groups Avhich may be genera. (TTaixx, near; to Lon-
chi^iritx, with which genus they agree in tlu! absence of pseudobranebia').

* ;<

t ;| j

1 i

1478 BuHctin 77, Ihtitcd States Nationcxl Museum.

a. Body rntlier di'op, tlio liack sniiipwhnt dovatorl. tlio (loi)tli about 3} in lenntli; IkhIv

wiHi hlftck croMH liarn; barbcl.s flt'iidfr.

roi.ycl.EML'S (nohv:, many; kAj>o?, twi;;. from tlic inau\ barbels):

'/. /JnrHal rays about /X J, 22; caudal (in .loiiblo truncat<<, tlio middle I'ays loii;.'i M.

c, Ptl'tnrnl Ij in head; color j^rayifsh, witb 0 broad black cross barn oii bmlv;

<*ul()f tii-tU of upper jaws scai'ccly ciilarKt-d. dlmkhili, ]<>h,

ZoNOSOroN <j;dro«, /.One; <//f'or, iSdifim):
bli. Jdirsal rays X I, 26 (o;t2; cau«)al fin .>bli(|ucly triiiicato, lunate or/-Nlia|icil.
(/. J^ormvl 7-ay8 X / 2*», oaudiil /'-Hliapcd, the luidt'io ra^N.s lon^fcst ; iutIihmI
IJ in head; outer t«eth iibuvu soniuwhat cular^ed; black bars on limiy
taint. UATiiiiu.Ni, i-i,,.

aa. Hody comparatively elongate, the depth about 4 in lcu(;tli; the ba('k not eloviilcil;
cobir dimky, tlie dark cni.s.s bar.s taint.
Zaci.e.mi s (^o, ail iuten.tive iiarticle; kAi>io5, twif;, from the largo barbels) :
d. Upper jaw without oularp'd teeth in its outer aeries; barbelH consi)iciioM>;
])ectoral nu)derate; caudaly Hbaped. tlio lower lobe loufiest.
c. Pectoral 1!; in beiul; coloi iluaky with taint crosn bare 1). Xl-2r) to :;;,
Hcalcs 45 to 48. OOODEI, istiti.

Paiiai-o:. -'KUS :

dil. Upper jaw with the outer series of teeth enlarged; barl)el.s viiy

slender; pectoral very long; caudal long, pointed.

/. Pectoial very long, somewlint longer tlian in ail; caudal pointed, n.s

long as head: color dusky, scarcely barred. 1). X-I, 30; hchI. h

50. PETEBSI, l.StJT.

Subgenus POLYCLEMUS, Perg.

is«4. PAUvi-oxciirmjs iniMKitiLi (Hocourt).

Head 3,4; dtjptliL'?. D. IX-I, 25; A. II, 7; ()rl)it 5^ iu Lead; snout 3';
niaxillaiy 2!; ; liiffbest dorsal spiiu^ 2| ; doi-Hiil ray 2^ ; Hecoiid anal spiiir I ;
length of caudal 1)> ; pectorals l.i ; ventr.iKs 11. Mody ratlier elongate, the
back soniowbat elevated, ventral outline a little etirved. Head low ;inil
small; prolib^ steep, soinewbat eonctive; snont soniPiwbat ucnte, wiln
large slits and i)ore8: preorbital broad ; intcrorbital area broad, coii\ ix,
3 in bead; nioutb small, entirely inferior; ma.\illiiry extending to the ver-
tical from the posterior ]»art of pnpil ; teetii on jaws small, viliiform, the
outer scarcely larger; ))reoper('le rounded, its edge Avitli soft cilia wliicli
grow larger from above downward; gill rakers 3 or i 4- Tor M, I'lmnto, thi(;k.
ish; psoudobranchia' none. Head and body (overeil with weakly ctcMioid
scales, 52 in the lateral line. Lateral line much arched anteriorly, becom-
ing straight over the anal lin. A tuft of barbels at the 8ymi>hysis of tl;e
lower jaw, a single row of 8 or 10 barbels running liackward along tlie
lower edge of each ramus. Dorsal spines rather stout, the first minute,
the third longest, the others gradually growing shorter to the ninth, wlii( li
is about i the length of the third spines; soft dorsiil lower than spinous.
the lin with a scaly sheath at the base, its membranes covered with sniiill
gcales; veutrals filiform at tip; anal inserted well forward, its llrst apim
about as large as the first dorsal, the second strong; ciiudal double tuni-
cate. Color bluish gray above, silvery below; G rather '. '.oaii, d'stim i
cross bars of dark brown extending frora the back down the sides. Mcin
branes of dorsal fins dusky, growing darker in the region of the .'ly
bands and on the edges of the fins: caudal dusky, lighter near the i)as( :

veiitralsl
oil the ii|
shores;
jiossessiil
i':inama.|
Paris, aul
sou of A|

ruljifirrliim
"(Coll.
type.

IIKUI,

I lead 3

L'ltor30i
eh'Vtited,
tiiil oiitli
1111(1 comii
ill iu'ad.
iiio pupil,
i;i\v large
wiiltli of]
lower mil
|Kirt of Ij
less, with
over base
,s;il rays 3
L': (listanc
e\t('n(ling
1: to n ii
tlie media
(■iiiica\"e. tl
yelliiw bei
back with
s|iiiioii8 d<
line; mem
streak thr
torals dus
(liisUy OIK
I 'ii nil oil oil •
shorter pe
i'aiiuma; i

J'olyrirrliiis
No.4U7(

Jordan and Evcrmauu. — Fishes of North America. 1479

vtMitrnls and anal palo, witli dusky edjjen; pectorals a little dusky, darker
oil t lie inner Hide. Length K to 12 inclicH. Taiiania ; alxiiidiiiit on Handy
sliores; a vt-ry strongly marked Hpfcics. It lias been wrongly described as
IKisst'Ssing pseiidobrancliiii'. Our specimens obtained l)y Dr. (lilbert at
I'liniima. (Named for Angiiste Dunu'ril, iihtbyologist of the museum at
I'aris, author ot'2 volumes of an uiifiuished llistoiro Natural des Poissous;
soil of A. M. Constant Dumrril, author of Ichthyologie Aualytiquo.)

Vn[in'irrUv» duinrrili, IJocol'icr, Xoiiv. Arch. Mas. il'IliHt. Natiir., iv, '_'2, 1W)8, La Union
(Coll. F. Jtoioiirl); JoiiUAN, rro(!. Ac. Nat. Sci. riiilii. 188:!, 'JHH; note on liocoiirt's
typo.

(,c/ii/()yi<'Wi(»/((«C('rt(«,s, Stei.vd.XCIINKU, Iclitli. lifilr., Il, lil, 1«75, Panama ; JoitDAN iV Gil,-
HKUT, IJuU. I'.S. Ki.sli (Joimu. 1882,111.

I'liicinhua dumerili, Johuan Sc Eioenmann, I. (•.,410, 1889.

Subgenus ZONOSCION, .Innliiii ^V K\ I'l'iniiiin.

|S<I5. I'AltVLOM III Itl S ItATIIIirM (Ionian \ liolliiiaii).

lleadSi (1>) intotal); depth IJ^^ (li); eye 4.^ in head; snout MJ^. I). X-I,
L'HoiHO; A, 11,11. hiitnral lilinTiJ lorifi. IJody ehingate, coini)rc.sHed; Jnick
elevated, ]irolUo from snout I o dorsal str.iight or slightly S-shaped; ven-
hal outlim gently iu( hod, base of anal oblitjiio; caudal pcduiiclc short
and compres.sed. Head h»\v, little (•i)nij)ressed. Snout. short and blunt, ^J^
in licad. Mouth small ; maxillary slightly longer than in /'. jjerHrtHWS, reacli-
inu IMipil, 3 in head. Teeth small, villiform, outer enlarged, those of upper
j:i\v largest. I'reopt'iclc with a crcnulate iiicmbrauaccoiis border; least
wiilth of ]U'eorbital (i in head. Gill rakers sluu-t and rather thick, 5 | 10,
lower much smaller. Scales on snout, below eyes, and on anterior
]iait of breast, cycloid; caudal .scaly; d(»rsal and anal nearly scale-
]i ss, with a scaly sheath at base. First dorsal sjdne very .short, inserted
over base of ]tectoralH; third and fourth ei|ual, -'A in head; anterior dor-
sal rays ;? in head, posterior 2.^ ; second anal sjtine ;> in head, longest ray
2; distance between bases of ventrals and anal 15 in body. I'ectoral.s not
extending beyond veiitrals. l;j to l:/ in head; vontrais not reaching vent,
1; to 1? in head, outer ray tilanicntous; longest caudal ray 11 in head,
I lie median rays lf)iigeHt, the upper lobe slightly truncate and slightly
e(iii(a\e. the lower cut off still more obliijuely. Color bliii.sh silvery, nu)re
yellow beneath; scales from ))ase of pectorals to caudal with larger dots;
liaeU with I or 5 very faint bioad dusky cross bands, th<) 1 at end of
spiiions dorsal largest; a blaik sp(d larger than eye near origin of lateral
line; iiiembrane of spinous dorsal (hiikly dusted; soft doisal with a pale
.siieak through its middle; ;inal, outer i of ventrals, and nearly ail of pe/'-
torals dusky ; caudal rusty at base, fcdlowed l)y a pale area and then a
(InsUy one; a large black liuinera! si)ot. Length 7 inches. IJelated to
I'didlunclnirus peruaiius (^^Steindaehner), from which it is .separated by its
.sliiirter pectoral, shorter dorsal spines, longer snout, and more dorsal rays.
I'auania; I'ather rare. (Named for Mr. Richard I?athbun.)

l'olj)cinliiiKratlihinii. .ionii/.s & Bm.L.MAN, I'nii'. U. S. Nat. ' lu.s. 1889, 102, Panama. (Tviio,
Xo. 41170. CM. Albatiosf,.)

P

H

■Li

!,'■ U

■ I M

>\

1 ,

:i

'i m

1480 liullctin /7, United Slahs National Musi inn.

Subgenus ZACLEMUS, Cilbort.

INHO. I'AItALONnillltrs 4J<K)I)KI, (iillxrt.

Head 3* to 4; depth l to 4J!r; ej'o very Inr^ie, 2^ in iiitororhitiil widtli, 1
in postoculiir part of head; snont 34 to 3)}. 1). XI, L'r> to L'7; A. II, 7; \'\ td
4H rowHcd'Hciiles rnnninji oldiqncly upward and forward from lateral liin .
Klon>;ate, with broad, heavy head, the temporal rcj^ion swollen, protulur-
ant, this not the case in /'. pet<rtii; snont very hij;h and blunt, its antcrinr
j)rolilo viTtically rounded, little protru<lin<>' lieyond tlie preiii-'xilliiries;
rostral and mental pores very large, arran;;ed as usual; syniphyseal poio
bounded laterally by 2 membranaceous rlnijs continued forward from ilii'
mandibular niar;;'ins, bearing many barbels; this condition also in /'.
pvlersi and in rolyclemim fascialns, no " multilld barbel " bein^' pnsseiit ;
barbels much strouf-er than in /'. i)etirsi, widely spaced, forminj; a (dn-
spicuous series aloii};' the inner marjiin of th<! mandible, beeomiuf;' crowded
into a dense fringe along anterior ^ of margin of iutero])erele, Mmitli
obli(iue, very protractile, maxillary reaching vertical from posterior odj,'!
of pupil, a tritle less than ^ head. Teeth slender, villi form, none <)f tluni
enlarged, those in lower Jaw in a narrow band or irregular series, in uijjksi'
jaw in a modeiate band; teeth all brown in color. I'reoperele with ,i
membranaceous edge minutely ereuate, spiuulescent; braucliiostega! unin
brane very wide; j)seudobrancliia' obsolete; gill rakers undevelo])ed, rep-
resented by soft tubercles, of which there are (ito 8 on the horizontal linili
of {ir"h, 2 or 3 next the angle sometime 8 slightly longer and moxahlr.
Dorsal spines slender and flexible, the third the longest, equal to lenjiili
of snout and .( eye; tenth spine shortest; soft dorsal and caudal densely
covered with scales to their tips; no ditferentiated sheath at base of soft
dorsal; first anal spine minute, the second slender but not llexiblo, i to I
length of hmgest ray; caudal fin with the lower lobe longer, convex, the
upper lobe concave; longest caudal rays 1* in head; pectorals broad, reju h-
ing vertical from tips of ventrals, but not nearly to A'ent, 1\ in head; outer
ventral ray produced into a filament about \ total length of fin, the longest
noulilamentous ray I -t in head. Lateral line with a low wide curv^e, beeoin-
ing straight over posterior jiart of anal lin. Color dark brownisli above
and on sides, with greenish and bluish rellections, white below; back and
sides with 1 broad inconspicuous cross l)ars; the lirst from predorsalr*'gion
to base of pectorals; tlie second from end of spinous dorsal; the thii(i
from base of eighth to twelfth; tlie fourth from twentieth to twoutv-
lifth rays of soft dorsal, downward and slightly backward; basal portion
of anal and cmter ventral rays yellow, the outer portions dusky; other
fins blackish ; lining of ojjerde dusky. Panama; rare. Longest specimen
about a foot, ((iilbert.) This species dillbis from P. /jefersi conspicuously
in the shorter pectoral and caudal, the heavier, blunter snout, the larger
eye, the much larger and more numerous barbels, and in the ;ibsenco ot any
series of enlarged teeth in front of the pr-oniaxillaries. (Named for Dr.
George Brown Goode.)

Paralonchvrus yoodei. Gu.hekt, Fiwlies of PaiiJinia :\rs. 1898, Panama. (Coll. C. JI. <iil
bert. Tyi)e. in L. t*. -Jr. Univ. Miis.)

Jordan and Evcnuaiin. — Fishes of North America. 1481

Subgenus PARALONCHURUS.

1S«7. I'AUALOM'lll'KI S I'KTKKSI, IJo.tnirt.

Ilciul 3i; (U>i»th I ; eyoHA in lifiul; Hiioiit Wl. I>. X-I, iiO; A. II, !>; sosiles
> r)0-U). Htxly lon{j and low; hoatl sli'iider, Hattisli, Hoiiiowliut Hiu»ii;>y
iiliove, with ]>rotiibcraut Huoufc; iiitororbitiil area Hj; mouth liori/.ontal;
maxillary '1\ in head; toeth in villiform bands; npjjor jaw with a conspic-
iioiiH outer row of larger ones; ehin with 5 ]i(ires, a muitilid ])arl»ol at the
sviiiphysis; rami with a row ol" slender barlu'ls alonj; inner edf-o; dorsal
l(i\v, hij(ht'8t liehind; solt dorsal scaled at base only ; caudal jjointed, as long
lis head; uniil spines small ; second 8])int' as lonjf as snout; jxTtorals very
infic. 2! in body ; scales rather l.'ir^e, cycloid, ('(dor light olive with laint
HtrijH'9 on rows of scales; pectoral dusky; other lins jdain. Coast of Cen-
11 il America, rare at I'auama. Here described from the type. (Named for
1)1. Wilhflm I'eters, late ichthyologist at the museum of lierlin, uversatilo
w I iter on systematic zoology.)

laialonclnDimpeterid, BocornT, Nouv. Arcliivoa (hiMiisouni, iv, 18fi0, 22, La Union, San
Salvador (Coll. F. Bocourt) ; Joudan \ KuiENMANN, I. c, i'.i'i. 188U.

593. LONCHIURUS, lUoch.

!,■ iichiurus, Hloch, Ichtliyologia, ITOli (harbntxii- Inncetdntvi).
I.iiichio-us, BloCU A: ScUNEIDF.R, corrected siielliiij,'.

Kody long and low, the second dorsal with !r> to 10 nays. No jtseudo-
liianchiii'; chin with two short barbels, none on sides of mandible. Air
111 ulderpeculiar in form,* ashort heart-shiiped body with 5 horns. Vei'te-
hr,!' 10 + 19;^2!), Otherwise essentially as in I'ardlunclno'iis. from which
tlic, long dorsal and the absence of barbels distinguish it. A singular
gcuus, with I known species, i^oyx^h I'li'f^o; ovpa, tail.)

1S«8. LOXdllUKlS L.VMEOL.VTUS (lllodi).

Depth 1 in length. D. X or XI-I, 38 to 10; A. II, 7 or S; lateral lino fiO to
7(1. Mody long and low, the profile straightish, dtjjjressed over the eyes;

■ 'I'lio .lir bladder is thus described l)y T)r. (ri'mther (Cat. Fiabea, II, ;tl7) :
'■ I'lic form of tlio air bladder i.s very peculiar. 'We may distiiij;iii.sli in it a body and .')
horri.s. Tlie body is sliort, heart sbaiied, and occupies a place boniiatii the tliird and toiuili
vcitebrii' only ; its point is continued into the middle horn, wiiich in a lish 9 inclies lon^-
lias a diameter of onlv 4 a line near its origin. It runs along f be vertebral line of the
aliihiniinal cavity, anA, tapciing to a tine point, terminatt^s at the posterior extremity of
the iihdonien. Each of the anterior jiarts of tlio Iieait shaped body isdivide(l into2 horns,
till' posterior of which is turned l)aekward, long, and forms a tube similar to f h(( median,
hill with the lumen only J as wide. It runs along the side of the latter, in a jiarallel
(liiii'tion. and torminate's in a tine point before reaching the extremity of thf itlidomeii.
i'iii' anterior lioru is very short, directed forward and outward, and nearly as i liiek .is the
mnlian.

" I'lie body of the air bladder is attached to tlie fourth vertebra and the ncan>st pntta
111' the abdomen by such a tiriu and dense cellular tissue, of a white color, that it (-m
siarcely be distinguished from the membrane of the air bladder. At some distance from
the vertebra it becomes gradually thinner, and is lost in the j>arictal part of the]ieritiineum.
I'lic iiicmbr.'ine of theair bladder itself is tirni, thick, and of a shining w liite color, ex''"])t
Ml llic anteri<u' notch of the heart-shaped body, o)>posile a iirocess arising from the third
V irti'lira. This process forms an arched plate.'open at its jiosterior side, which is directed
li'ward th(« not(di of the air Itladder; at the siihi wliicli is directed toward llebi'lly it is
cmcred with a thick white membrane, forniinj;' a sort of cupida, but wllli tin- hinder siih*
ii|icii. riiis cujiola tits exactly into tlie notcdi of the air l)ladder, which here closed by
:i very thin membrane only. There is a strini: round the cupola from oui interior horn to
the other to fasten the air bladder to the cupola."

3030 16

t-jf

;4:

; :i I'.

■■! :i|-: ^":i

' i

k • I, -

1482 Bulletin 47 < United States National Museum,

intororbital urea as broad uh oye, which in us long iis snout; nnont small, lo
in head ; snout soft, depressed, with conspiouous pore at tip ; montli oblii|uc,
suhinferior; maxillary rear h in j; a little beyond ••ye; teeth in line biiiwU;
barbels 2, not louj^er than oye; preopcrclo with en ulate, niembrauaceons
nuirgin; upper ray of ptuitoral nnich elongate, 2A ii '><>dy; caudal olon>;;it(!
lancoolato, I in body; lirst ray of ventral reaching fiDnLof anal; analslidit
and high, its spines weak, inserted before middle of soft dorsal; hcjiIch
mostly cycloid ; lateral line becoming straight above anal. ( 'olor brownisii ;
pectoral and caudal fins black, other lins dusky. (Cuvier A: Valenciennes. )
West Indies to Guiana; rare; not seen by us. {laneeohUu)i, lanco shaiud. )

I'erca lanceolata, llLocic, Nov. Act. Sc. C'opeiih., ni, H83, 1788, India.

Lonclninis harhatua, Hi.ocii, Iclitliyol., pi. 300, 1793, Surinam; CuviKR & Vai.enpienm s,

Hist. Nat. roi8H.,v, 10;i, 1830| described Irom IW.orii's type.
Jjonchnrut dejircutts, Hloch & .Sciinkidku, Syst. lelith., lO'J, 1801, Surinam; Crviii: \

Valknc iK.XNKs, llisl. Nat. Poi.ss., v, 195, 1830; Gt)NTnKK,Ci«t.,n,317, IHOO.
Lonchunis la7iceolatu8, GOntueu, Cat., n, 317, 1800; JouuAN &. Eioenmamn, I. c, 431, 1889.

If

594, POGONIAS, Lacdpcde.
(Ska Drums.)

Pognniai, Lac'ki'i>de, Tlist. Nat. Poisa., ui, 138, 1802 (fnariatu$'-cromi$).
roiionathuK, LAf'fti'i;r)K, Hist. Nat. Peiss., v, 121, 1803 {con rbina) .

Body short and deep, the dorsal outline uukjIi elevated, the vontr;il
uearlj'^ straight. Mtmth moderate, the up]ter jaw longest; teeth small, In
villiform band.s, the outer not enlarged; lower pharyngeal bones larj;c,
fully united, armed Avith strong paved teeth; lower jaw with nuniermis
barbels, each about k as long as the eye; preo])erculum entire, with 11
membranaceous edge. Dorsal tins slightly connected, the 8]tines high and
strong; caudal (in snbtruncate; lirst anal spine short, the second exceed-
ingly large, nearly as long as the soft rays; pectorals and ventrals Ion;;;
gill rakers short and bluutish. Pscudobranchi.e large. Marine species,
reaching a vei-y large si/e, am<mg the largest of the Sciwnid<r, 2 spci ics
known. {7tooycoiu'(V?, bearded.)

a. Body deep, tlio dojitli alioiit 2!, in Icujitli ; snout blunt, 3J in liead. D. X-I, 21; sralrs
47; baek usually without distinct oblique .streaks. ('i{(>.'\ns, isfiit.

aa. liody more eloniiate, the deiitli altoiit 3 in Itinutli ; the snout more acuti-, 3i! m li(;ii|.
1). X-1, 19; sealcH 50; <'olor uioro Bihery, with oblique faint dark .streaks alnn^
the row.s of scales al)ovo. COUKUINA, 187(i.

IStJi). PO(JOMAS CKOMI.S (Liunaus).

(Dri'M.)

Head 3k; depth 2k; snout 0I in head. 1). X-], 21; A. II, 5 or 6; scales
5-47-9. Hody oblong, the back much elevated, ventral outline almost
straight, the depth rapidly diminishing from the first dorsal spine back-
ward; proiile rather steep and slightly convex; mouth moderate, inferidi,
the maxillary not reaching middle of eye, 3k iu head; teeth in broad
bauds, the out«'r scries above scarcely enlarged; snout blunt, longer than
3ye ; lower pharyngeals large, completely united, covered with many blimi

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1483

iiiolarH and ii Hinall piitcli of coniral tooth at tlio uutur poHtorior corner;
;rill rakorH I -\- 12, vory sliort, shMuhsr; dorsal s|iinos liijili but slender, tin*
fourth liiKhoHt, '1 in head; caudiil Hulitrunciitu; Hucond anal spine vury
iar<;o, about 2 in lu>ad ; pectorals about as lon^ as head ; scales lar^e, tlnmo
on breast small. (lolor grayish silvery, with 1 or 5 broad dark vertical bars,
these disiippoaring with a^^e, usually no <>l>lii|ue dark streaks along rows
of scales above; tins blackish. Atlantic coasts of America, Long Island
to mouth of the Hio (irandc; common on the sandy coasts of tlic United
States, where it roaches a very large size, probably the largest of all the
SciaiiUhf. The largest specimen recorded was taken at St. Augustine,
Florida, and weighed lUi poiuuls. It is rather a coarse lish, of no great
value as food, (chromia, xfJf'fii?, an old name of some tish of this type,
from ^/J6>r.), to grunt or croak.)

I.iihnis croMi», LiN.N.KCs, S.vnt. Nat.. Kd. Xti, 470, 17ti(>, Carolina.

fdiioiiiii* fanfiatii-i, LA('ia'i:i)K, Hist. Xiit. I'ojhh., iu, i;t7, IHO:.'; CrviKB & Vai.kncuonnks,
Hist. Xat. ToisM., v, '-M0, pi. 118, li-MO; Ciu.vuD, U. S. iiud .Mex. Uuuud. Survey, 11, 185U;
(li'.VTUKU, Cat. l'"i.sli., II, 'J70, 18«n.

Uinjil urunnii'ii.i, M itchill, Ui'ixirt, in imrt, Fislips New Vork, Iti, 1814, New York.

Siitvna J'lisca. Mrniiii.L, Triiim. Lit. and I'hil.Soc. 1815, 400, New York.

^liii-na ijigan, MriciiiM„Tnin.s. Lit. and I'hil.Soc. 1815, 411!, New York.

I.dlints fhruiiiis, .Scui'iPK. Sclirift. Nuturlor.scli. Krcundi', ISoriin, viii, 158, 1788.

t'dnoitias fhrDinit. (.'r\iKK & Vai.kniiknnks, Hint. Nat. I'oiss., V, 200, 18;!0; DeKay, Now
York Fauna: Fisims, 80, 181*2; (ri'NiiiEii, (.'at., 11,270,1800; Joudax \ tin.isKUT, Synop-
sis, 508, 188;t; JoKDA.v \ K.KiENMANN, <. c.,4;i.''<, pi. 4, tluH. 10 and 11,1889.

Lnhrua gnninii'iit, MiTCUiLi., Trans. Lit. and I'liil. Si>c. 1815,405.

Mmjilijigan, Mitchill, Kuport, in part, Fishes New York, 10, 1814.

U' '

l.S;0. POOOXIAS < OVKItlNA (LacOpM.).

Mead 3,^; depths. 1). X-I, 1!>; scales 50. Scarcely distinct from Pogo-
iiUiH croiiiis, the scales a little smaller, the body a little more elongate, the
dorsal rays fewer; coloration more silvery, with faint dark streaks
oiiIi(|uely along t\w rows of scales above. (Jiiiana to Uruguay; rather
common in Ihazil. (courhind, Portuguese uame,e(iuivaleut to the Spanish
;iiid Latin, Corciita, croaker, from <'oriUH, crow.)

I'onimatlnis courhiiin, LACKiM';nK, Hist. Nat. roiss.,v, 121, IHO.'i, Rio de la Plata.
I'ixjoiiiaii ci-umUcourliina, JoHUMi &- Ekienmann, l.o.,i'SG.

595. APLODINOTUS, l{alines(iue.

(KlVKH DutM.s. )

Aldndinntui, RAPiNES(irE. .Jour, dc l'h,vs. 1810, 418 {;inn)))ici\.i).

Ainhltidiiii. IvAi'LVKst^ui;, ,Jour. dc I'hys. 1819, 418 diiiscd on the pharyngeal teeth ol' A.

ijnninieitx, flup)iosed to belong to a sijccics of huiralo-lish).
HiijilDidvnotu.s, GiLi., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 186], 102 (amended orthography).
EntjichelithuK, Jokdan, Alan. Vert., Kd. I, 242, 1870 {nrhanhoni= ijrininienii).

Mody oblong, the snout blunt, tlie back elevated and compressed; month
rather small. low, horizontal, the lower jaw included; teeth iu villiform
liaiids, the outer above scarcely enlarged; no barbels; psendobrauchia-
rather small; gill rakers short and l)hiut; lower pharyngeals very large,

t ,:

; •' f

■, If

1484 Diilktin ^7, United Stales National Museum,

fully united, with coiirsu, blunt, puvud tuutli, uh in I'oijoman; preoporoli
Hli^htly Hitrrute; doiHiil HpincH Htron^ iiutl high, witli n cioHo-littin); Hcaly
Hli«3iith lit base, the 2 doiHiils Honiewhiit coniirctod; Hi'cond ivnal H))itii
vt^ry Htrong; cuudiil double truncate; air bladder very liirp', Hiniple, >vitli
no appendages. I'yloric cH-ca 7; vertebra' 10 -f 11^24. KroHli watorH ol'
the Tnited States; largo, coarHe liHhea, feeding fhielly on cruHtaveu ami
nioUuHlcH. The geniiH iu apparently allied to Piujonian, and both may be
dt'Bcendcd from allies of liotintdor, which is intermediate between them
and A'do'/ia. (('iTrAi^f?, Mimple or single; /'(jroj, back.)

!■

m

1N71. AI>M>DI>OTIIS iiitl \MK\S, UnHiit'Hqiio.

(KKKSII-WATKK DKUM; (iASl-KBllOU; TnCNDEIl-l'UMPKK ; LAKE .SIIKKI'SHKAH ; C'UnAKKII.

UrilUmii; WlllTK Pkiicii.)

Head ;U; depth 2J; snout H >» l»«ad. D. X, 80; A. II, 7; seales 9-r»5-i:!.
Hody oblong ; back much elevated and compressed ; profile long und steep,
straightish; head slightly compressed ; mouth nu>derate, subinferior, low ;
thenuixillary reaehing past middle of eye, H in head; ey*^ moderate; teeth
in villiform bands, the outer above seareely enlarged; lower pharyngeals
completely nnited, the teeth h-ss blunt than in I'oyouUiH ; gill rakers siiort,
thickish, G-f-M; preopercle obscurely serrated; snout bluntish, longer
than eye; dorsal spines strong and high; second sjtine highest, 2i^ in head,
u scaly sheath at the base of spines; the 2 dorsals connected; second anal
spine very large, more than ft the length of the head; caudal donble trun-
cate; scales rather thin and deep, the scries somewhat oblique; scales on
breast rather large. Color grayish silvery, dusky above, sometimes very
dark ; back sometimes with ()bli(|ue dusky streaks along the rows of scales.
(Jreat Lakes to Texas; abundant in all lakes and large streams west of
the AUeghanies and east of the plains, reaehing a Avoigbt of 50 to (Id
pounds. Its llesh is not of high quality, and is often tough and ill
llavored and with u rank odor, especially in the liUkes, where it is not
often eaten. In Texas and Louisiana it holds a high rank as a food-tisli,
the quality improving southward, (tiriitinuns, grunting.)

Aplodinotut )ininiiicn.i, UAKiNKsiiiiK, Joiiru. (If I'liys. 181!t, 88, Ohio River.

Sfiwiia oncida, Lksikih, Journ. Ar. Nal. Sci. I'liilii. 18'.'2, 25i;, \A. l,'l, Lake Ontario.

.sViVr/.'rt (jrisea, Lksueuk, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. PLilu. 1822, 254, Ohio Kivtr at PittwliurK, I'.i

(Coll. Le .Sueur).
Corrinarichanlsoni, CuviebA- Valkncienneh, Hi«t. Nat. Poisa., v, 100, 1830, Lake Huron;

haHcdonan ahiiornial siieciiuoii with hut 18 developinl rays iu I ho hucoikI dorsal; (ii'N-

TUKii, Cal.Fi.sh., n, 2it8, 1800.
Amhlotlon concinnuD, AuAssiz, Anier. Jour. Sci. Arts, xvil, 1854, l!07, Tennessee River.
AtiihloilonUiwatim, Ahassiz, Anit-r. Jour. Sci. Arts, xvii, 1854, ;i07, Osage River.
Aiiiblddon iieylectus, Gikaru, Proc. Ac. Nat. S<^i. Phila. 1858, 107, Rio Grande; (ini.Min.

U. S. aud Mex. Uouiid. Survey, 12, pi. 5, fij;8. C-10, 1850.
Aniblodon gninniens, IlAFiNEStiCE, Ichth. Ohieusis, 24, 1820; (Jibard, IT. S. Pac. 1!. i;

Survey, 90, pi. 23, 1358.
HaploidonoUis (jnuiiiit'nn, Gu.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hilu. 1801, 104; Jokdan & (iUJihiu

Synopsis, 507, 1883.
CorrinaoitcuUi, C'UVIEK \ A'AI.ENC'IENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 98, 1830.
Corrina oncula, Gi'ntuek, Cat. Fish., n, 297, 1860.
Corvina (Amblodoti) ^lepkcta, Steindaciinee, Iclith. Notizen, vi. 38, 1807.

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America, 1485

596. EQUES, lUoch.

(KMllHdN-KISIIKS.)

Hiuft, ni,orii, Tclilhj-olocin, 170:i (anicricniiut lanrfolalut).

I'.ilidilHH. ItAKiNKHc^rK, AimlyHc dc lit Xiitiint 1H15. 8U (a»ii'n'c<i/iif() ; HiihMtiliiln for F.'ivvs,

\\w liill<>r iiiinio licint; roimiiluriMl too hIioiI.
rareiiiD-M ((JilX MS.) (looDK, Dull. U. S. Nnt. Mum., v, 60, 187.1 {aevviiniiliiM).

Hody olilong, c<>in]>roHH(Ml, tlio back iniich ••ImiiUMl luitoriorly, Viipldly
iii|i(TiiiK to tli*> iiiirrow caiitlul pctluiicit'; mouth Hinall, tlio lowor Jaw
iiicliuled; preorbital wido; Hnout with slitH and pores well developed;
teeth all villifunii, in iiroad bauds, tho outer scarcely eularned ; jtreopenle
witli a frinfjed border and no bony serrjc; scales small, irr*. fiular, with
Hiiialler ones iutt'rmlxcd, extending on soft (ins; jjill rakers few, short and
Hlcnder; dorsal fin very lonj;, of J) to \'> close-set spines and IJt! to r>5 soft
lays; anterior intorncnrals closely wedj^od in behind the occiput; anal
small, its spine small; caudal rlmmbic; ])yloric caca few; vertebrae
IO-fl5=2.'>. This ;;enus is one of the most remarkable in the family in
ri'spect to form as well as to the <-oloration of its species, (ei/uux, horse;
(7/Hf'«, horseman, the lonj; dorsal spines suj-jifestinf; the rider.)

I'\UA(;IIKH (irapa, near; A'(/UC«) :

(I. Dor.sal rays .\ to X II-I, :i(i to 4n, first 4 to 0 of (lie intenu'urnl.s wedged in Ixitweeii
iii'uralf) of H(><'oiid iuid third vcrtelirii-
l>. I'rolilo Hlet'p, l)iit not vertical ; dfHtanoo from miout to MrRt dorsal spine altoiit
e(|iial to dei)th of hody.
c. Dorsal spiiu's little elovnted, not nearly as loiif; as liead ; hack arelied : dor-
sal with 38 to 41 soft rays.
(I. (y'olordeop violet, hronzoor gray, without distinct longtliwi.se streaks;
depth 2? to 3 in length. vioi.a, 1871.'.

(Id. Color variously dusky or gray, with at least trnces of aliont 7 length-
wise streaks ; dei)th 2^ to 2^ in length. Af;UMiN.\TiiH. 1873.
cc. Dorsal splneM elevated, tlio longest 2^ in length of body; soft parts of ver-
tical tins witli white sjiots; hody robust, the hack niiic.li eonipresHed,
the general forni iiiucli as in Kijiiiii anniiinatus, hiit tho caudal ]iednii-
elo deeper and more compressed ; pectorals and veutrals short aiul
('(lual, 1} in head. (lolor, dark brown, a light bar in front of eye ex-
tending around tho chin, a second pale bar extending around the li'-nd
imiuediatoly behind the eyes, n third extending from in front of dorsal
over base of jiectorals; alight bar along base of soft dorsal; a light
bar extending from behind the elevated portion of the spinous dorsal
downward, dividing into two, thr« branches running straight l>aek,
the upper branch to lieginning of last fourth of soft, dorsal, the lower
branch to base of caudal; 2 or 3 light, undulating longitudinal bars
below these; tins all dark brown, vertical lins with many whitish stel-
late spots. Head 3J in Icn , !i ; depth 3. D. XI or XII 1, 46.

Pl'NCTATCS, 1874.

lib. Profile very steep. IJody deepest below tirst dorsal spine, thencts rapidly
tailoring to the narrow caudal peduncle. (Jolor <ilivaceons, 3 darii brown
longitudinal bands along the sides, the niiddh^ one from I'j'O backward
reaching tips of the middle caudal ray."?. D. X-I,3 7. 1'1'LCHEU,1875.

an. Dorsal rays XIV or XV-I, 53; about'.) interneurala wedged in between nonrals of
secoiid and third vertebra'; protilo almost vertical; body highly variegated,
with ribbon-like obliiiuo bands. lanckolatls, 187<i.

•; r

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t: I

1480 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum,

\ A

SubKcnu* PAUEQULS, (}IU.

IH7>.>. V\\y>V.X VIOI.A, (iDlMrt.

Iloiul 2,:, to :i', ; .l(^|.llil>» <<•:»,',; (»y« I in lioa.l, I>. IX or X, HS to II;
A. II, 7 or M; r. 17 to lit; HcileH .'>() to r>| in olilicpitt Hi>ri<>s. Ilutly iiiirrow i\
wuil^n-HliaptMl ill Hcction, Hlinrply roni|>r(tHH<<«I towariJH iIoihiiI oiitlino, vriii
rniii^ ht'low; lo\v«>r oiitlino of lixiitl liorj/oiital, Htiui^lit ; vtMitral oiiMiiic
IV jiontlc coiivox nirvc to bann of anal wliicli is iiiodoiatiOy oMiqiie; lower
oiitliiio of taiidal ))u<liii>('lv HJi^litly comavts antriior tippiT piolllr liHiiiM
Ht<'('|>ly ill a \(M'y ^*Mitlu oiii'vo to front of doisul, tiiunc<t nioro oltiiqiiuiy to
front of Hoft (lornal wiicn* tlKMlrjttliof hody isj^rcatcHt. Snout roinprt'SHctI,
with rather itroininvnt Itlnnt tip, whicii Hli};htly uvcriiaii^H tlio inontli;
tip of Hiioiit and iiiandiblo Hwoiltni, ]>rovidod with lar^c iiiiicuuh poriH, :i
HcricH of 5 in tlni iiiandiblo, 1' tranHvornu Horios of 5 oa<h in tiio Huont, of
wliich tlic puHtorior lattual pair is niinntn; month huri/ontal or vory
Hli^htly ohli<|ue, tlio niaxiilary reaching aliont to viutical fronihindor innr
^in of ))ii])il, itH length incasurod from tip of Hiioiit 13:| or 2^ in hoad. 'rrotii
in lower Jaw in a wide viliiforni hand, a fow of thc^ outer Horien anteriorly
Hli^htly enlarged; ])i'eina\illai'y teeth in a wide villitonn hand, the outer
RerieH enlar^red, forming modoratu canines, hir^or than those in front ol
inandilinlar hand. Internrliital spa«;e narrow, itn width <-ontainod r»to,')i.
tinioH in head. I'reoperele entire, th^^ mcinhranoMH border HoinetiiiieH
minutely ereiinlate; operele ending;; posteriorly in 13 concealed points,
the included opercular meinbranu covered with (ino scales; gill rakers
short and weak, "> abo\ e the angle, !• to 11 movable ones below, the loiiii-
est about ,", eye. Mandible, i;iilar, ;ind branchiostegal nieiiibranuH and more
or loss of the snout naked, the scales extouding forward in some specimens
to beyond the nostrils, in others scarcely beyond the front of orbits; head
otherwise scaled; Literal line following outline of back, strongly curved
.•interiorly; i>ores of lateral line minute, placed on small scales, iriegiilarly
wedged in between tlie larger ones; above the lateral line are very obli(|iie
series running downward and backward, and also vertical series, about
50 of the former and 90 to !l."» of the latter; sc.iles all ctenoid, except those
on anterior part of breast, on lower anterior part of cheeks and on inter-
opeiclc^; vertical tins densely covered to near their tips with small ctenoid
scales; pectorals and ventrals w ith series of scales on the membr.-ines;
s|)inon8 dorsal short, nsually nearly triangular in outline, the second spine
the longest, the others rapidly decreasing to the last; longest spine
usually as long as snout and eye, sometimes shorter; soft dorsal long and
low, increasing in Iniight backward, the buigest ray about \\\ in head;
<leplh of caudal podnnele eijiialing its length behind dorsal tin; anterior
insertion of anal tin about under middle of soft dorsal, the length of caudal
peduncle behind anal \\ tolA in head; second anal spine strong, its length
equaling distance from tip of snout to front or middle of jmpil, not nearly
reaching anal under the third before the last of the dorsal; pectorals
reaching to or nearly to the vertical from the vent, \\ in the head; ven-
trals short, the outer ray (ilameiitous, I'-I in head; caudal double truncate,
snblauceolate, the middle rays |»rojecting much beyond the outer, IJ in

Jordan and FA'vrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1487

liuad. HoiiloH cyt^loitl dm tup iiiiil nidf^Hof hoiid, ulmiwlirro itt^noitl; liitoral
liiM) iiioro art lirtl tliitn tliu Itiick, Ix'coiiiiii;; Ntrai^'ht Hli^lilly behind trout
.it' anal llu; Noft piirtHot'tiU tin* vcrtit iil IIiih Hciilrd totltuir tipH; pnitoriilH
iiid vt'iiti'ulH with HorleH tiC srahtH aloiiK tlio iii«>iiihniii<'s, Color in lit'o,
liliiiii Hit very ^liiy iiliovi-,Mllv«*ry hrlow ; ilorMiilH liiid iipptr purtioii ul riimhil
.liiHJfy tranHliicoiit; pectoralH li^lit Htraw cidor; vt-ntralH iii«-Hially oran^n
t'llow, th<- inuitr ray, tiio niit««r ray, and tho tips ul' all tlio rayH lirJKht
wiiiti-; anal dr«tp yullow, tho rays niar^^intd uith Idiick; lowt-r rautlal
luyN yullow ; ^ill cavity dusky, witln>nt yellow. Hay of Panama ; :> spi'ci-
iMi-nH known, the lar^i'Ht U) iiirln'H \k\\\^. (dilbert.) (!(«{«, thi* violet,
iiiini tlio coloration, which has vitdet nhades.)

/./»(■« ri<i/r«, (ill.liElil MS., l-'inUfH of I'lUiuiiiu, IH'JH, Panama. (Cull. 0. 11. (jUI'crl. '\'\\>f,
ill L. .S. Jr. L'ltiv.MuH.)

1M!I. KIJI'KM Ai'l'lINMTI'S (III.., h \ S.hiH>l.lpr),

llnadM; d«pthl'|; eye 1 in \wm\\ snont \V\. 1). X-I, :Wfo.|0; A. H, 7;
McalcsaO. Mody elongate, coniprcsHcd ; protlle rather Htet^p, lint not nttarly
vertical. Distance t'roni Hmmt to tirut dorsal spiiuMihont cijiial to depth
III' body. DurHal upines little elcvat«>d, the loni^cst abont'i.} in len^^th of
body; liiHt 5 or t! intcrneiiralH wcd)^e<l in between the nenrals of the
-<(uondan<l third vcrttOinc, the rent between the liiird and fonrth; inter-
.ii'liital area not quite uh broad an eye; Necond anal spine 2,^, in head;
liinj-est dorsal 1^^ ; pectorals 1 J ; month laryer than in I'-nuin i)iinvtaliis, the
maxillary reaehinj; past middle of orlut If in hi^id; teeth of upper jaw
slij;litly eiilar^^ed; gill rakers short, rather slender, (!-}-!•; cainlal ptMlnnelu
,111(1 tin lessdettp than in Ki/ues pitnvtahiH; second anal H|iine slightly shorter
than soft rays, 'J\ in head; soft dorsal scaly ; scales large, the series below
lateral line slightly <d)li(iue. Color of the typical West Indian form (var.
ttiiiminahta) nearly black, with longitudinal whitish Htrijies on the body,
not on the tins; I stripe from upper edge of eye straight to uppei' edge of
caudal peduncle, 1 .just above this to last rays of soft dorsal, 2 continent
behind from nai)e to middle of soft dorsal, 2 b»dow the lirst from pectoral
to base of caudal, the lowest to edge of caudal jiednncle; tins dusky.
South Car(diua to lira/.il ; not uncommon in the West Indies, (acuminatum,
acuminate.)

(Irammiiiteii iifuininutux, liLoru A: ScHNEmEii, Sy.Hl. Ichtli., 1H4, 1801, lu) liiciility ;;iveii;

iil'ter Scl>u.
I'.ijiirnliiii'atiit, (IrviEKiV V,\r-ENcncNNKS, Hint. Nat. I'<iiss., V, 109, IH30, Brazil.
Eijiifn acuiiiinattis, ('A>'ri'".LNAr, Aiiiiii. Noiiv.oii liiiivs tie rAim'T. ihi Slid, 10, IsriS; (K'n-

THEK, Cut., U, 280, 1800: I'oEY, Mfliiorlns, U, ;)70, 1801 ; .loKUAN &. ElOENMA.NN, I. C, 440.
ruri'iuet ariimhtatUK, Goode, IJiill. V. S. Xiit. -Mas., v, 50, 1870.

K'epresented on the South Atlantic ciiast of the United States by —

IH7:{ii. VAIVV.H ACILHINATrS IIMKROSUS, Jordan \ Eigcniimiin.

Essentially similar in form to the typical aciiminalas, but the color marks
obscure. lleadlU; dejith 2.'J. D. X-I, 10; A. 11,7; scales ()-5l-l(); second
anal spine 2^ ; eye -1 ; snout 1 ; maxillary 2^. Coloration dark smutty brown,

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with traroH only »1' 7 |ml»i HiroakH; n^K'o" "* '»"**•* "' ""'* (lorsal <lail<n;
HpinoiiH dorsal, tipHof vontralH, ainl iiiHiiloot'^ill cavity black; fiiiH oMioi
wiHo Hiinitty. ' SoiitlicaNt (■t)ast of tlio lIiiiUKl Stateu, (.'kai'h>Hton to I'tMi-
Hiir«>lH. {umhronua, HJiatly.)

Scitriin aniininnta, JuuiiAN .V (ill.'lKUT, SynoiisiH, r>73, IHHII.

KilUi'.i nniiiiinatiis iiiiihrusiiv, .Iukdan A lOli'KN.'MANN, Itovh'W S<'iiriii<lii>, 4t(l, IHHU, Charlrs
ton and Fcnsucola.

IS7I. K«{|!KS l'r>n AUS, KliN'li A Scbn.'idiT.

(SF.IIUANA lllSI'ANA.)

lload ;{? ; dopth W. D. XI or XU-I, It); A. II, «> or 7; Hcalo8 H-Cm tor>!t-l 1
or 12. l)«)rHiil HpiucNcloiif^atis tlie lon^oHt '2'i in lt>iiv:tli of body; soft pari h
of vertical tinH with whituspots; body robnst, th«^ back much (^oniprcHHctl,
the general form much as in /.'(/itrN ucuminalux, but the caudal luMliincJit
deeper and more (•t)uipreH.sed: ])rolile rather nteop, depressed over the eye;
snout slightly longer than eye, Hu in head; oy« us wide nf interorbital
region; preorbital bn)ad, as wid«> as eye; mouth small, siibinforitu-; Max
illary ahuost extiroly t'onceale«l below the ])reorbital, 2^ in head, reachiui;
to Ih'Iow midilleof eye ; teeth in both Jaws in broad bands, the outer series
of the ui)per jaw enlarged; jireopercle entire, the membrane with slight
• ilia; gill rakers small, slender, ()-|-ll; lower ]»haryngeals snuill; the
teeth all conical, those of the i»ostorior angle and inner series sonunvl.iit
enlarged; anterior dorsal s))ine8 as high as body; membranes of the soil
portions of the vertical lins closely scaled to the tip; caudal broadly
rounded; anal short and high; second 8|tine about '^ of longest ray, I! in
head; anal spine placed midway i»etweeu base of pectoral and base
»»f caudal; pectorals and vontrals short and equal, 1' iu head. Color
dark brown, a light; bar in front of eye extending around the chin, asecontl
l)aie bar extending aiv>und the head immedi.itely behind the eyes, a third
extending from in front of dorsal over base of jjcctorals; a light bar along
base of soft dorsal; a light bar extending from behind the elevated jtor-
ticm of the spinous dorsal downward, dividing into 2, the branches
running straight back, the upper branch to beginning of last fourth of
soft dorsal, the lower branch to base of caudal ; 2 or ',i light, undulating
longitudinal bar« below these; fins all dark brown, the soft portions of
the vertical lins with many whitish stellate spots. West Indies; a hand-
somely colored lish not niu'ommon about Cuba and Ilayti. The specimen
here described from Havana, (puuctatiia, spotted.)

* The .•»bovi> .ii'oount is takoii I'roiii ii spccimcii from Cliarlestou. Auothur from IViisii-
coln (Silaa .Stoarna' I'ollcctioii) sliowa thv following cliariictcrs :

Heat" ;tj; di'pth 3. D. IX-1, ;16; A. '1,7; Laf. 1. 53. Back Honiowhat olovatcd, llio
profile steop and nearly straight from the tip of tlio < ouical and ratln-r poiutetl snout to
llie base of the doraal. Mouth not larj^e, the maxillarv extending to below the middle of
the eye. Lower, jaw included: l>o»h Jaws witli broad 'l)andH of villiform teeth, the ante-
rior series in the upper jaw considerably enlarged. f'<'alea on the bead scarcely ctenoid
altove, cycloid on the cheeks. (Mil rakers short rather stout. Pectorals very short, not
reaching Iinlfway to the tips of tbo ventrals, and but halfway to the anal;' as long as
from the sno.'t to the edge of the preopercle; anal tin small, iis tip not reaching to the
Inst ray of tlu second dorsal, its spine robust, nearly as high as the fin, i the length
of the head; iir.st dorsal small, with slender spines; second dorsal very long, its tip nearly
reaching caudal. Eye rather large. Coloration every whei'e blackish,'witb traces of about.
10 narrow horizontal pale streaks along the sides; spinous dorsal and tips of vei;trals
quite black ; other Uus smutty ; gill cover black >\ ithiu.

I

t'-m'i

Jordan and fivermann. — lushvs of North America. 1481)

srn'>(((» liiipniiiH, l*Al(l(A, rio/iiM IliHt. Niil. Culm, 'i, pi. 'i, litwrr flKiiro, 17X7, Cuba.

lyiuftpiiiirliilim. Ili.iKMI \ Si ilNKIDKIt, S.v'hI. Iiii.tli., UW, IK(l|, Cuba (I>iu4<mI on I'AliliA. 2,

|il. 'J, t\n.'2); (JiiviKK \ Vai.kni'IBNNKh, MIhI. NiiI. INtiHH., V, |ik. 1*17, no, 1h:I0; (il;N.

TIIKH, (^it. KUIl. Itrit. MuH., II, W\, IKnU; I'dKY, S.V'.l<i|miH, 'X^r,, IHOH; I'OKV, Kuilllllv

ratlo, 40, 187r>; .|(iui>an A Kkienmann, I. <:., 441, IH>.!>.

IS7r>. MjI'KS IMJiCIIKIt, Kti^iiKliicliiuM-.

\\mu\ Kii ti» SA ill iotiil lon^Ui; <lo]tUi tlio HiiiiKt. I>, X-l, .'t7oi-;t8; A.
II, 7; H<'ul«)H 50. I'rotilo v<My Hto«|», " HtoojMir Miiiii in AV/»»e« liinnohiliiH,"
Hoily «1(t<)|ioHt liolow liiHt (loi'Hiil Hpiiir, tii4Mi*'o riipiilly taporiiiK to th« iiur-
Kiw caiiiiiil iMidiiiKilu; «>y«> :tiii 'loiul; Niioiit It in oyo; mouth Bultinforior,
till) thick convcc Huout projoctin^ Ixsyond it; iiiHt viuitn.l rry liliforni, '.i^
ill Ixxly; lon^&st (IoihuI HpintsH Ijj to 2ji in ItinjrMi of body, their bui^iit
iiitiii'ly twice thiit of the body i^olow tiiuni. (Jcdor olivuceoiiH, 'A durk-
hi'own h>ngitudinul buiidH aUtUfr tliu Hid(>H, tli« iiiiddh^ ont- t'roiii uyo buck-
ward reaching tipH ol° niiibile (■..-indal rayH; tlie nppor from o<;<'iput
liiic.kward toond«>f Hoft dorsal ; tlie bnv()rfronih)\v(',r corner of «)yo to behind
.-iiial; 2 very faint liroad crosH barH, tlie iinterior from biiHe of first dor-
Hiii to ventralH, the next from nnddh) of soft <b>rsal to anal; tip of Hnoiit
iind chin black; an oblil|ll(^ bar l)elow eye; spinouH dornal, pectoral, and
v'.'ntral black, edged with whit.c; edgea of caiidai yellowish; anal with
lirovm points anteriorly. (Stoindachncr. } liarbadon; not seen l>y ns.
iliifl'livr, i»ret*.y.)

lUjiiis piilclii'i; .Si'KI.VMAcilNKK, Irlitli. Noli/cii, VI, 13, IHt)7, BarbadoH; JoKliAN X. KutKN-
MANN, {. C, 441, IMBU.

Subgenus EQUES.
1S70. lAlVKS liA.VCKOIiATilN (LiiinauiH).

(RritllON KlSIl; GUAPKNA; SKKHANA.)

Head 4; depth 2? ; eye 4. 1). XIV to XVI-I, 't'd; A. II, ?>; scales irregular,
witliHmaller ones intermixed ; about 12 of the anterior interneiirals wedged
ill between the occiput and the neural spine of the third vertebra; distance
Iroiii tip of snout to first dorsal spine much less than dc]>t]i of body, liody
doe])eBt below first dorsal spine, rapidly tapeving to the narrow caudal
peduuclo; profile very steep, little convex;; eye little longer than snout;
ju-eorbital broad, nearly as wide ns eye; mouth small, slightly ol»Ii(juo;
maxillary reaching to below anterior fourth of eye; teeth all viliiforni in
))road bands, the outer scarcely enlarged; preoperde with a fringed mem-
liranous bonier; gill rakers very short and slender, 6 + 9; anterior dorsal
Kpincs much elongate, lit i" body; soft rays low, tht, membranes scaled to
the tips; anal small, its second spine 3 in hea<l; ventrals li in head; pec-
torals 8<!arcely shorter. Color, light yellowish; a narrow brownish band
from the corner of the mouth up ac^ross the middle of the eye and meeting
its follow ou top of heiid; another broader band edged with a narrow
white line on each side from the nape down and back over opercle, meet-
ing its fellow between the ventral fins and extending to the tips of their
outer rays ; a third and still broader liand, also bordered by white, extend-
ing from the tips of the dorsal spines to their base, then downward and

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1490 Bulletin 47, United Slates National Museum.

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backward lo the tips of the inuUlle caudal rays; IhkIj below this band nil
very white, above it Homewhat darker. West Indies, ranging nortliw aid
to Ponsiicola ; rather common southward ; an interesting lish of a beautit'ii I
and siiigular <'oloration, resembling that of a cha^todonfc. The specinicn
described by us was taken near Pensacola. {lanceohtUis, lance-shaped.)

Kihhan'l Fish, Kdwakds, "Uloaninj^H, pi. 'JIO, " Guadeloupe; Carolina.

i'htvtuilon laiieealatiit, Linn.>;u8, Syst. Nat., Ed. \, 277, 17.58, Caraibes Islands; Im.sHd m.

Edwahds, 1(1. 210.
Sirraiia, I'ahua, IMcziiH do Hist. Nat. do Cuba, pi. J, upper figure, 1787, Cuba.
H'lii/t amcricanin), IJlocii, Ichtliyol., pi. 347, 1793, West Indies.
Kqufs halteatut, CuviKH, llogne Animal, Kil. 2, ii, pi. :i9, fig. 2, 1829, Martinique; nil. i

Edwards ; Cuvikb & VAi.E.Nt-iEN.NEs, Hint. Nat. INiiss., v, 105, 1830.
ScUenti edivanH, GuoNow, Cut. Fi.sli., Ed. Gray, 53, 1854, Indian Seas ; aitor Edwards.
Fqueu laiii^iolaliit, (JOntheu, Cat., u, 279, 1800; Poky, Enumoratio, 4C, 1875; Jordan .v

GiLUBBT, Synoit.si.s, 932, 1883; JoUDAN & KiaBN.MA.\N, I. c, •*42, 1889

Group CIKlllllTOlDEI.
(Thk CiRRUiToiD Fishes.)

This group agrees with the I'erco'ulea in most respects, the chief exter-
nal diiference lying in tlie form of the pectorals, which have broad i)ro
current bases a.* in the Scorpanida; the lower rays being unbranched ami
more or less thiclconed. One family ' is represented in our w.aters.

Family CLVI. CIKKHITIDvE.

(Thk ClKlMIITOID.S.)

Body compressed, oblong, covered with moderate scales which are
cycloid or ctenoid; lateral line continuous, concurrent with the back, not
extending on caudal ; mouth low, terminal, with lateral cleft ; eye lateral, of
moderate size; prem.ixillaries protractile; maxillary narrow, not sheathed
by preorbital ; teeth small, pointed, occasionally with canines sometimes
present on vomer or palatines ; cheeks without bony suborbital stay ;
branchiostegals 3 to 6, usually (5 ; gill membranes separate, free from the
isthmus; preopercle serrate or entire ; ojjercle unarmed; no spines or ser-
rations on bones of cranium; dorsal Hn continuous, long, the spinous and
soft parts 8ube(|nal, the spines not depressible in a groove; soft dorsal
low; spines rather low and strong; pectoral tin short and broad as in the
Coitidw; lower half of fin with its rays simple and generally stout ; the
membranes deeply incised; ventra' fins thoracic, but considerably behind
root of pectorals, the rays I, .5; air bladder large and complicated or want-
ing; pyloric ea-ca few; vertebne 10-1-16=^20; skull very compact and
solid. t Carnivorous lishes of the warm seas; genera 10; species 40; appar-

* This family should apparently bo placed amuug the I'ercoidea near the Scrranida;.

t Dr. Giiiitlier gives in substance the following deseriptiuu of the skeleton of I'arracir
rhitesfortteri (BToch it .Schneider) :

"Skull compressed, all Iho bones Well ossified, and very solid. Intermaxillary niui'li
shorter than maxillary, and having posterior processes of moderate length, ilaxillarv
slightly bent, sword-shapud, broadest at extremity. Mandlbulary kaviug some small
pores along lower side. Head of vomer thick, Hwollen, and armed with testli on anterior
margin only. Preoperculum crosceut-shaped, without angle, and with posterior part uf

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1491

tnitly reullj' allied on the one hand to the iStrranidw, v/ith which gronp
I)r, Jioulcuger finds that the skeleton has much in common; on the other
hiind, they show atlinities with tho Scorpanida'. Through such forms as
ihesu the great group of lAtri^ati or Mail-Choek tisiies may he connected
u ith their perch-llko ancestors. (Cirrhitidw, Gilnthnr, Cat., ii, 71-«6, 18(50.)

II. Tuftli (lu vomer and pulatinoA; JawH witli caniues; sculea on clieekH very small;
dorsal Hpiues ^ I ur 12. ('iurhiteh, 507.

597. CIRRHITES, Lac<^i)ide.

{•irrliites, LACftpflDK, Hist. Nat. Pois.i., v, 3, 18it3 OnaeulatVH).
Clirh'tichthyi, •JCNTHf.H, Cat. Fishes, 11, 73, 1860; not of Hi.ekker.

Iiody ohioug, compressed, formed much as in SeUvna, covered with largo
cycloid scales; head rather obtuse; scales on cheeks very small; pro-
iiuixilliiries not produced; teeth on vomer and usuall}' on palatines also;
jaws with sniiiU canine teeth; anterior nostrils fringed; preoperclo evenly
curved, its edge finely serrate. Soft purt.s of vertical fins scaled at base.
I torsal rays 11 or 12 ; caudal truncate, (cirrhna, a lock of hair or a barbel ;
ri'feiiing to the simple pectoral rays. *)

(/. (Jolor green witli irregular s|iot8 and curved band.s of dark brown, edired with

pule blue. llIVUI..vns, 1877.

(Id. Color yellowirtli with 4 conijdeto oblique banda of black not edged with blue,

besides black spots; caudr.' with a B-sbapcd black spot. betaukus, 1878.

1877. nilUlflTKS KIVIIIiATUS, Valenciennes.

Head 2s; depth 3. D. X,ll; A. 111,0; scales (i-47-U. Eye Gin head,
with opercular Haj). Snout moderate, compressed, and rather elevated;
maxillary extending to middle of eye; small bands of villiform teeth in
Jaws, an outer row of strong canine-like teeth on the sides of jaws, with
.strong canines towards the front, canines about f;; interorbital space
(lieply concav*', * in eye; a low longitudinal median crest on crown of
licad; ])reopercle finely serrate behind in the young, entire in adult ; gill
rakers very short and thick, about 5 f-10. The fourth, fifth, and sixth
dorsal spines longest; 4 in head, of moderate strength. Pectoral very
broad, rather short, not reaching tips <tf veutrals, its lower rays much
(•wollen. Second anal spine longer than third. Color brownish green,
with transverse dark-brown spots and short bands, all of which are edged

iiiiirKin minutely serrated ; interior ridge very low. Outlines of operculum very irregular ;
pi isterior margin notched, but there .are no spines: interior margin waved. Interoper-
ciilum bent, with side joining suboi)erculuni emarginate. Suboperculum elongated, with
posterior extremity produced beyond operculum. I'reorbital broad, rhomboid. S])ace
lietweon orbits rattier narrow and 'Hat. Occipital crest well developed, triangular; lateral
nests scarcely visible. Bones of humeral arch rather strong, and both the coracoid
lioni's Joined together by a long horizontal stiture. Lower extremity of radius provided
witli several peculiar processes. Pubic bones rather elongate and narrow, each of them
roriiied by three lainelhe of ni^aiiy c(|ual development. Ten abdominal and 16 caudal
vertebra', length of former jiortion of vertebral c(dumn being to that of caudal as 1 :1.5.
Neural and biemal spines of moderate length and treugth, each of the internonrals
dilated. The tirst interhivmal very strong, and evidently tormed by 2 ; it has 2 ridges on
each side, and a low one anteriorly."

* Described by Lacepede as, " l)es harbillons reunis par une membrane, et places aupres
<le la pectorale,'de manit^re it, representer imu nageoire semblable il cette derniero."

Mrfl

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1492 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

with light bine; these batulH and spotH Hingnlarly arranged; 2 of tlii>s«>
bands on the head, croHsing preopercle; 2 others on preorbital; 5 on body
and caudal peduncle, coniposiKl of large, niont or less continent, rounilish
spots, the 2 below the spinous portion of tho dorsal terminating abovo in
a ]Miir of large spots; caudal with simihir ocelluted spots, the pain culur
appearing lis reticulations around them; 2 largo ocelli on anal; a brown
baud across the inner side of buso of pectoral. I ength 14 inches. ('a|)(>
Han Lucas to the Galapagos Islands; not rare about rocky islands; an in-
teresting and curiously colored fish. Hero described from specimens iVom
the Kevillagigcdos; the young unknown, unless C betaiinia should be I lie
young as has been supposed. {rinilatiiH, marked by rill-like streaks.)

Cinliitet rirtilatui, ValkN'CIENNES, Vo.viik" VOuuh, ToisH., UOO, jd. 3, fig. 1,1855, Galapagos

Islands.
Ciriltitichthys rivulatut, GCnthbu, FIhIi (Jontr. Am., 421, pi. 80, lig. 4, 1868.

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1K78. <:IRRII1TKS BKTAIJRUS, Uill.

Ilead2J; depths. 1). X, 11; A. 111,5. rrcoperculum serrated behind.
Kyc (in young) SA in bead, equal to snout. Fourth dorsal spine lonffest
and equals ,', of the total length; second anal spine largest, equaling t lie
fourth dorsal one; longest sott ray (5,i in total length; ciiudal tin slightly
emarginate and nearly .! of the length; produced pectoral ray rather e\-
«'eeding t^ oI' the length, and the ventral tin enters 5.V times in the same.
Color pale yellowish on the body, blackish on the shoulders and rnmi
the dorsal tin to the eyes, and with 4 complete, obli<|ue, blackish bunds;
the first under thtt middle of the spinous dorsal, the second under the last
spine, the third under the middle of the softMorsal, and the fourth encir-
cling the caudal peduncle; head with 3 lateral bands, 1 on the i>reorbit;il
region, a second on the cheek, and third on the posterior margin of tii(>
preoi»erculum ; operculum with a longitudinal oblong spot; chin with I
spots forming the angles of a rhomb, and there is another one behind, on
the brauehiostegal membrane near the margin ; spinous dorsal margined
with blackish, and the 2 bands beneath more or less ascend on it; anal
blackish; caudal with a blackish B-shaped mark and a band at its base-
divided by the lateral line; ])ectoral dusky, with a black spot at its base
nearly surrounded by a clear area, and separated from a spot in front of
the base; ventrals blackish, with nearly transparent sides and margin.
Rock jiools between tide marks about Capo San Lucas and Ma/atlan;
abundant; a very active and strikingly colored little fish. The largest
specimens known are 2^ inches long. The adult is unknown unless
Cirrhites rinilatna should prove to bo such. There is no important uitl'er-
ence in form or structure, but the coloration of the two is very ditt'erent,
and suggests that the two are distinct .species. {fiffZiX, the letter B ; oiyjcr,
tail.)

Girrhitet betayus, GlLL, Proc. Ac. Nnt.Sci. Phila. 1862, 25i), Cape San Lucas (Coll. John
Xaulus) ; youug, of IJ inches.

Jordan and Rvcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1403

Suborder IIOLCONOTI.
(The Suef-fishks.)

W«; recogni/o tho HiDgiilai* taiiiily of /wnbiofueir/o' uh coiiHtitiitiOK ii <l>^-
tiiict groii]) ur Hiibordor ullied to the VctvoUUh ou thu one baud aiid to tho
rlitirynyoyHathi on the otlier, hut without very (dose athuitieH with eitlicr.
Tlie HtructuroH couuected with the viviparous habit, tho united pluiryu-
ucals, iucroaaed number of vertebra', double noHtrils, perfect k'"*> ""•!
many raya in th«' HoftdorHal aud anal, together with the uuarnicd boni'H of
t lie head, constitute the chief churautcr of the Hohonoti. (uA;<i»g, groove;
;(Jro?, back.)

Family CLVII. KMBIOTOCIIU:.*

(TnK SriJK-FiisiiKs.)

IJody ovate or oblong, compressed, covenul with cycloid scales of ujod-
erate size. Cheeks, operculum, and iuteroperculum scaly; lat«'ral line
( uutinuous, running high, without abrupt llexure, not extending on the
cMudal Hn; head rather short ; mouth small, terminal; Jaws with conical
or compressetl teeth of moderate or small si/e, in 1 or 2 series; teeth
wanting in 1 genus {Neoditrema) ; no teeth on vomer or palatines; no
canines; lower pharyngeals united, without suture, their teeth eonieal or
paved; upper jaw freely protractile; lips full, the lower either forming a
lice border to the jaw or else attached by a freniim at th*> symphysis;
maxillary short, without supplemental bone, 6li])ping for most or all of its
length under the preorbital; opercular Ixmes entire; branchiostegals <J
( or 5) ; gill rakers usually slender ; gill openings wide, the membranes free
Irom the isthmus or very slightly connected; pseudobranchiie present;
•;ills 4, a slit behind the fourth; nostrils round; the o]ienings 2 on each
side; dorsal iin single, long, with 8 to 18 usually slender spines, which
are depressible in a groove ; a sheath of scales along the base of the ante-
rior part of soft dorsal and posterior part of spinous dorsal; this sheath
separated by a furrow from the scales of tho body; anal Iin elongate
with 3 moderate or small spines and 15 to 35 slender soft rays, its form and
structure uiiferiug in the two sexes; ventral tins thoracic, I, 5; pectorals
moderate; caudal forked; oviduct <vpening behind the vent, the two
apertures always distinctly separated; air bladder large, simple; no
pyloric ca>ca; vertebrae 13 to 19+11) to 23 = 32 to 42. Viviparous. Tlie
young are hatched within the body, where thoy remain closely packed in
a sac-like enlargement of the oviduct analogous to the uterus until born.
Tbestt fa^tal fishes bear at tirst little resemblance to the parent, being
ilosely compressed aud having the vertical fins exceedingly elevated. At
birth they are from 1 J to 2| inches in length, and similar to the adult
in appearance, but more compressed aud red in color. Since the announce-
ment of their viviparous nature by Prof. Louis Agassiz, in 1853 and by

;■>

tho

' For an account of tbo genera aud species of Embiotoeidw and a detailed doscTiption or

devolopnii'Ut of Ci/mafnganter aggrfgatua, see Kigenniaiin, ou the Viviparous l"'i»lies
•t tbe Pacilic Coast of Kortii America, Bull. U. S. rish Comm. 1892 (1894), 381-478.

it

mm

I*,

t'>

m'-^'^

149-t Bullclin ^7, Uuitcd States National Museum.

Dr. William P. Giltbons in 1851, these iishes have been objects of spncin]
interest to /.oologiHts. I'MHht's of the PftciJir roust of North America iiilin li-
lting bays and the unrf on saiuly beaches. One species ( llynterocarpiia IrusLi )
inhabits fresh waters; '.i others (IHtrema temmincki, Ditvnna Hniittii, ami
Neoditrema ranionneii) are found in Japan. ThcNespecieN reach a lon^tli oi
from fi to 18 inches, and are very abundant where foutid. They are nun h
used for food, but the ilcsh is coni))arativoly poor, tasteless, and bony.
Most of them feed on crustacca, but 1 genus {Abcona) is partly or whullv
herbivorous. Genera 17; species about 20.

llYSTBHOrAKPINi*; :

I. SpiiiouH (lorHiil ]oni;^r tlion tlio soft part, of 16 to IK Hpiucs; Hecoiul aiiul Hpini' ili.

largt'st. ViTtobrai 14 | 20^ :i4.
a. Scales largo: tcojh inodcrato, roniral, in '. series; lower lip withniit I'roiimu
about 1*2 of the inrdiiiin ])OHt(Tiiir torlli of pharviigeaU large, all but tli'
median :i of tboso obliquuly truucato uiuluru, the rest siiiall; gill rakn-i
short, Hlender, 6 | 12. Hystekocaiu'Cs, fj'.tfi.

EMniOTOriN;K:

II. SpiiiotiH ilorsal shorter than the soft pnrt, fi to 11 spines; anni spiiio.s graduated.

b. Teeth iiici.ior-liko, most of tlieni obtusely 3-lobed; lower lip with a iinirow
frenuiii; outer seritm of pliaryngcal teeth small, oonic ; the rest (al)oul :!'.')
large niohirs closely appressed: anal liasis below 7 caudal vertebra'; sciili's
large; gill rakers long, slender, 0 + 14; sixth dorsal spine higliest: niiili'
with a deep depression at the base of anterior anal rays; a gland lielow
middle of the depression; veriobrio 14 -H 20.^=34; herbivorous, feediiiL;
largely on Tlva. Adbona, bW.

66. Teeth entire, usually bluntly conic.

c. Scales large, 36 to 50 in lateral lino; soft dorsal and anal sliortish; si/i-
small.
d. Lower lip thin, without fronuni; vertebrir 14 f 20- -34; gill rakei-s
long, slender, 10 i 'Jl ; base (d' anal below li; caudal vertebrir;
central and posterior pharyngeid teeth blunt nudars.

CVMATOOASTER, 1)00.

dd. Lower lip thin, with a narrow frenuni; vertebra* 34.

e. Head slender and pointed: gill rakers rather slender; l)o(ly

rather elongate, not greatly compressed; dors.il r.iys \'1 1 1,

15. Hracmyistil'.s .fi(U.

ee. Head rather deep and not pointed; gill rakers thickisli: Ixuly

deep conipres.sed; dorsal I'ays X, 18. Zalemhii'S, (id'J.

ce. Scales comparatively small, (iO to 75 in biteral lino.

/. Teeth in each jaw in 2 series; nuilo with 1 of the anterior rayb of
the anal transfonned into a triangular plate, the anal base form-
ing a dei^ided angle at thici point, the rays in front of it with a
thick covering of skin ; pharyngeal teeth mostly small, ironic,
only a few in the last 2 series enlarged, some of these sumetiuu's
truncate molars.
g. Lower lip without a frenum ; vertebne 32 to 35.

h. Gill rakers very long, slender and tapering, 23 to 29; aniil
basis below 12 to 14 caudal vertebra;; body much com.
pressed.
i. Anal comparatively short, its rays III, 23.

Hypocritichthts, COS.

ii. Anal long, its rays III, 29 to .32; eye very large ; yvo-

rtle depressed above nape. Hypekprosopo-n, 6ii4

hh. Gill rakers moderate, blunt and stout, 6 f 11; anpl basis

below 11 caudal vertebra;; body less compressed.

HOLCONOTl'S, 605.

Jordiiu and livcrmann. — Jushis of North .Inuriia. 1495

j/j/. Lower lip nttncliod Ity ii liroiiil fn'nuiii; vertchni' lit + lOj ^111
rnkoi-H Hlioi't,Htout, blunt, 5+ 11; aniil ImniH bolow 10 'ttii-
(lal vcrtobrir. AMi-illHTIcilt'H,OUO.

//. 'IVotli 111 II niiiKle BtTitiH In oncli Jiiw.

j. DoiititforonH mirfiifo of lower |ihiiryni;uitl Hut or concavn.

k. AlMloiiiitiol voi'telii'ii) in to IT) only, tint iiIhIoiiumi iiiiioli
HliortiT tliiin the Itiise of tlie Ioiik aiiitl tlii; anterior nnil
lateral pliarynKoal toetli hiiiiiH, coiiii% tlio ni<Mllan and
poHlerior oiK^M lar^e, tniiieate inoliirH; inaleH with ii
kIiiihI on aoiiie of tiie anterior anal rnyr*, tlie anal ImihIb
without angle, none of the ruyi* luoilitlud to form » dell-
nito |iliito.
{. liower lip tbiii, noniml, entire, with a freniim.

m. Vertelirii' l4 | 18 or 19; anal liasiH lielow 0 onnilal
vertehrif; tlriit liienial H|iiiie Hniall, appliud to
the Hoeond. KMiiioroCA, (lit7.

mm. Vei'tobra- 14 or 15 t '1\ to 21; nnal biifiiH beUiw
11 or more eaiidal vertebra-; tliHt lueinal
H))ine im long im HOeond, soiuetiiueH approxi-
mated to the second,
n. Caudal peduncle xbort and deop; caudal not
deojily forked. T^INIOTOCA, 008.

nn. Caudal iiedinutle long and xlendor, little coin-
])re8Hod ; caud:il dee]dy forked .

I'ltANKKOnON, 000.

II. Lower lip without afronuin, very thick, lobedoriiu^ised
behind; gill rakem long; vertebra' 14 -f 22 - 3fl.

UHAoonuLrs, 010.
itit. Abdominal vertebra^ 17, raiidal 10; abdomen very long,
much longer than tlie baHO of the short anal tin ; lipH
large, entire, the hiwer with a froniiiii ; gill rakers Hlen-
der, short, 7 i lit; anterior and lateral teeth of pharyn-
geals flniall, bluntly conic ; a triangular jiosterior patch
of larger toi'th, all but the posterior row truncate, the
posterior row conic. HvpsrHt's, OIL

jj. Dentigoroiis surface of lower pharyngeals arched, the anterior
teeth much -nv orn, tbo posterior not at all ; cutting surface of
anterior t«!etli llatteiicd, that of the posterior teeth not faced;
teeth of the upper pbarynsicals similar to those of the lower
pharyngeals, but the posterior teeth of the up])er pharyn-
geal applied to the anterior of the lower pbarj'iigeal (the
posterior teeth above roscinbling the anterior teeth below;
the antt^rior above, the jiosterior below) ; lips thin, normal,
with a freuiim ; gill rakers slender. Damalichtiiys, 612.

1

i t
I

it

II

598. HYSTEROCARPUS, Gibbons.

Ifytterocarpua, Gibbons, Daily I'lacer Times and Transcript, May 18, 1854, and in Proc. Ac.

Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 124 {traski).
HargotomuH (AoASsiz MS.) Alexandek Ahassiz, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1861, 128

(fluviatilit).
Dacentrus, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., iv, 667, 1878 {Incens).

Body ovate, the back strongly elevated and convex ; head small, the snout
projecting; mouth small, with 1 series of rather large, bluntly conical
teeth; the jaws about equal; lips not much enlarged, the lower forming
a free border, without frennm; gill rakers moderate, widely set; branchi-

1490 Utilletin 47, United Staks National Museum.

H-

uHtct;alNr>; scales rattier Iarf;<-, Hilvory ; HpinoiiH dorHuI very loii);, ofalMiiit
1(( H|tiiie8, bi^heHt at the llt'tli or HixMi, tlieiice Kradnally HliorU'iu-d «>ai h
way, tliu laHtsitiiutH heiii^ shorter than tlie Holt rays; anal HpintHNtron^iM
than hi tlie other ^oiieru, curved, tlio Necoiul Npiiie hein^ hiii^ttr and
Htroii^er than the first and third, wliich uro noarly equal; Hol't rayHofatial
20 to 2:i in nuiiiher, the anterior Hiniply artieulate<l. Fn-Hh watern <d'('al
it'ornia ; a most reiiiarkuhle geniiH, with aaiu^le known BpccicH. (rdrt/xi.
wonih; Hitfjnoi;, fruit.)

1M7». IIYSTKK04 AKIM'S TRASKI, CiUlmim.

Head:{A; depth2. I). XVI to XVIII, 11; A. 111,22; lateral line 10. Hndy
oval, eoniproBHed; doral outline strongly ronvox; ventral eurve less tlian
that of the hark; lioadHinall; Hnont bluntly ooiiic; profile from Hnout to
occiput concave; month Hniall, oblii|ue; maxillary not reaching orbit;
low«'r Jaw included; lateral line fitllowing Ihr curve of the back; dorsiil
Mpines rather high, the fourth to seventh highest, the others gradually
lower each way, the last spine shorter than the soft rays; anal spines
strongly curved; cheeUs with .'< rows of large scales. Males above dark
brown, sides yellowish or olivaceous, with fine black dots; throat and
belly golden yellow ; females olivaceous darker above, with black blotches
on sides in irregular transverse bars. Rivers of Central California, chiclly
in the Sacramento Valley, from Lake County to Hanta Clara County ; locally
abundant. (Named for Dr. J. B. Trask, of Han Francisco, who sent
specimens to Dr. (Ubbon:).)

llysttroearput traski, OiniioNs, I'roc. Ar. Nat. Soi. Phlln. 18!)4, 10r>, lagoons of the tower
Sacramento River (L'dll. Dr. .1. H. TiiihIc); (iIIiaiid, l". S. I'licilic 11. li. Survey, x, l!Mi,
pi. 20, lig. 14, 18.58; (U)NTHEii, Cat., iv, 251, IH02; JoiiiMN &' (iiLUEHT, Synoiwiit, 5H7,
18H.Ti KlOR.NM.VNN &. Ui.BEV, Hull. t'. S. KIhIi (.'oiiini. 1802,;ill0.

Sargosomui fluviatilis (AoAS.siz MS.) Ai.EX.VNUKB xVoAs.siz, Pioc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vin, 1861, 130, Sacramento River.

DacentniHliicrnii, Jokdan, Hull. 1'. S. (Jeol, .Surv., iv, 807, 1878, Sacramento River; erroiic-
ouHly ascribed tu tho iUo Griiiulu.

■f:

i..

■1 V

599. ABEONA, fiirard.

Micrometrus*^, fJiHnoxs, Daily ri.icer TiincH iiiul TranHcriiit, May ;iO, 18,>1 {aijftreijalut

and minimttH).
.t6«oiia, GnuiiD. I'roc. .\c. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 185.'), 322 (tnmhriihjii iniiitun).

Body ovate or oblong, compressed; head moderate; mouth small; the
jaws about equal; lips rather thin, the lower with a narrow frennin;
teeth in one principal series, besides which are often 1 or 2 other teeth,
stent, somewhat compressed, and incisor-like; all or most of the teeth H-
lobed; gill rakers very slender, of moderate length; lower pharyngeals
scarcely concave behind ; the outer teeth small, conic, tho rest largo nmlars
closely appressed; scales large. Dorsal fin short and high; the spines

* MiKpdt, Hniall' fieTfiov, measure.

1 Equivalent to I'limatonanter, Oiltlions, Mav 18, 1.854. liielndinK the same species; ic
stricted to ininhntm by Alexander Agassiz, 1861; a restriction perhaps not allowable, as
2{icrometruH was uu exact synonym of Cymatoija»ter.

Jordan and I'lvtrmann. -'Fislus of North America, 1407

robuHt; tho luitMlo ouch hi^liost and nitlior higlier than tlio Noft raya; anal
I'm Hlioi'tund th'Mp, btdow 7 randal vcrtt'hni', witli strong NpinoH; nitilo with
;i d<-*q) dopruHHiou at Iiiiho of anttM'iiir iiiial I'uyH, a gland bolow niiddh> uf
the duproHHion; v«)rtol>rii' (J. ^HiHi'md) 1 l-f -'•!'•• Spocion of Nniall Hize;
jiartly of whidly horhivorontj, living in rock pools and fi>«-ding on H«;a-
\m-<(Ih Coloration variugatud. (A coined name witlnnit meaning.)

tt Dorxiil rn.Vrt l.\, tl; anu! Ill, l<i; hIiIch uitli ii tliiskv liuiiil, Im'hIiIi'h iliirk itdhs liiirH

Itllll H|)<ltH. MINIMA, IHHU.

,((( Diii'Hiil ruNH I X, 17; uiiiil III.'.'O; II •lill'iiMu littorid hIiiuIimiI'iii'uokx l>t'xi*l<'''* <l'0'k <li>tH
aud HhudvB i u ilitik UNillitry blolcli. AUituUA, 1881.

INHO. ABKONA MINIMA ((lihlmtiH).

Mead '^\\ depth 2. D. IX, II; A. MI, H); Hcales 4-15-12. Hody oval,
I .>mpresHed, with thick Hhort caudal pcdunclo ami very short head. I'ro-
lilr moderately depressed above the eyes. SpinoiiH dorsal rapidly rising
to tho llfth or sixth spino, thonce gradually dos(;ending; Hpinoiis ilornal
lii;;htir than soft ])art, the last spine as high as lirst soft ray; pectiiruls
not reaching as far as ventrals, which reach about to the front of anal;
third anal spine not nnuh longer than second ; highest dorsal spine oqnaln
snout and eye; third anal spino 3 in head; pec';oral I,', ; origin of ventral
spine about the width of a scale liehiiid the vertical from pectoral bauo.
Clieeks with scales in 2.J series. Color greenish above with bluish rellec-
tions, thickly dusted with black dots; an irregular longitudinal black
liand along axis of body, and 2 vortical dark bars downward from base of
ilorsal tin on which they appear as blotches; sides often with much light
yellow; axil of pectoral black; vontrals and anal tipped with bla(^k.
Length (J inches. San Francisco to San Diego; rather common; the
Hiiiallcst of tho family. (nuntniHs, smallest.)

Ciimatogaster miniiint/i, (linnoN.s, Proo. Ac. Nat.Sci. riiiln. 1854,12.'), San Francisco Bay.
Iliileimotut trowhridgii, (iIKAUD, I'roc. Ac. Nat. S(^i. Pliila. 18.'>4, l.Vi, no locality ;;ivon.
Ahetitia Irov'hridgii, OlUAUD, IT. S. P. R R. Snrv., x, Fidhim, 186, pi. 34, tigs. O-IO, IR.IS.
Abcona minima, Joudan &.Gii.ueut, Synopsis, 5,S7, 1883; Eiuknmann &. ULnEv, i.e., 398.

ISNl. ABE(»\A ArROKA, .Ionian \ (iilburt.

Headl; depth 2J. D.IX, 17; A. Ill; 20; lateral lino 45. Body elongate,
with a very huig and rather thick caudal peduncle. Head transversely
very convex above, an<l with a blunt snout. Mouth small, oblique; max-
illary reaching but J tho distance to front of orbit. Spinous dorsal with
the fifth to tho ninth spines highest, and about e(iual to tho longest soft
ray. Caudal forked for nearly i its length. Scales on cheeks in 3 di.s-
tinct series. Color bluish black above, becoming lighter on sides and
silvery below. Opercles and lower i of sides punctate with black dots
and shaded with light orange, the latter more intense on the centers of
the scales and forming a diffuse lateral band ; a broad grayish streak back-
ward from pectorals to opposite origin of anal, this streak without orange
tint and with tho margins of the scales dark by aggregation of black
points; young specimens with the bright la1;eral shade more distinct, and
3030 17

R

1498 Biilhlin 47, United States National I\fnseum,

nmy iiiHtt'iid of «triinf;<s (hin ninrkml with inoro or I<>nh lilitrkinli, i\w iiiuil
witli Hoiiio yellowiHli; a coiiHitinKiiiii Itlark triuii^iilur blotch in th«t iixiini
tho |UM'toml. Jieii|{th 7 imlirH. Moiituroy Ituy, ( ulirorniii; locitlly uliiin-
(hint ill rock ponlH; not HccnclHcwIioro; (cedHiipon Viva. (aHroni, HiiniiHt* 1

Ahtima aurura, •FoliDAN >V Oii.iibht. Troc. U.H. Nnt. Mum. IHHo, -Jui), Monterey Bay ((Jull
.lonliin tV Uilltdrt), Jokdan it (iILMKBT, 8yu(>]miit, r>HM, 18HJ.

I

600. CYMATOOASTER, (iilthoiiH.

Oiimatoi/a»ttr,' OiitnoNH, Daily I'liuer Tinum uiiil TruiiHci-i|il, Mk.v 1H, IhM (aijijieijain.s

mill iiiiiiiiniin).
Mlcromi-lriin, (iiiwxoVH.Vioc. Cnl. Ac. 8<ii., In l>nlly I'liufr TIiikh uiul 'rriniBCrlpI, Mm

IIU, lH5't (ai/>/c<','/r(/if« itiiil Kii'di'm" V).
MttioijiiMtir (AiiAHhi/, MS.) Al.K.\AMiKit .\<ia8hi/,, I'rcx;. IIohIoii fum. Niit. UlHt., Vlii, iHtil,

128, and {(iijiiirj/atiiH).
.S'cwo, .IniiiiAN, Hull. r. M. Oool. 8nrv., IV, 390, 1878 (niyni/er; Ittciwi' willi very lii^li vcr

ticul Ihm iinil rIoHcly t'oniproxHrd Imdy).

nndy olli])tical, obh)nft, coinprcHHiMl ; hoad conic; month aniall, ol)li(|n<',
tlio lowcrjaw HJightly Hhortcr; lipn thin, tho lower without t'runnni; tcctli
Hniail, conittal, rathcrniiniuroUH, in 1 HuiicH. (jill rakoru moderate, Hlcnchtr;
scah-H comparatively lar;;o; dornal HpinttH ratiicr hi^h, Hoino of tho midilli'
oncH iiighoHt, tho poatcrior not ho hi^h aH tlie Hoft rayn; tho Hol't dorsiil
Hhortenod; anal nioduratts with MOak Hpiiios; caiulal forked; [diary n^cais
normal, the teotli mostly conic, the central and poaterior teeth mohir;
vertebra' 14-|-20^;U. CarnivoroiiH species of small size, abounding on
uaudy or muddy Hhorea. {Hvfia, fietus; yadvi/fj, belly.)

I'

1SS3. CYMATfXaSTKK AIJOKKIJATIIS, (iibbonH.

(SrAKAllA; ViVIPAUOl'S PKUCII.)

Head 3i; depth 2^. D. IX, 20; A. Ill, 23; scales 3-38-11. Hody elon-
gate-oval, compressed, heaviest ut the front of the dorsal; caudal ptMliin-
cle short and slend'3r; head short; teeth very sniall, conical, ',; ; <lor,siil
spines high and rather feeble, rising rapidly to the fifth, thence slowly
descending, the last lower than the soft rays; pectorals reaching past tijts
of vcntrals, which do not reach ntiarly to vi^nt; third anal spine the long
est, shorter than soft rays; ventral spine situated about 2 scales behind
the vertical from the l»a«e of the jiectoral. Cheeks with S rows of Hcalcs
Gill rakers short and slender, about 18 below angle. Silvery, back dusky ;
middle of sides anteriorly with the scah^s each with a cluster of dark
points, these forming a series of longitudinal stripes, which extend to
opposite the base of the anal; these stripes are interrupted by 3 verticil!
light-yellow bars, on which are no black specks in the adult, t Adiill

* Tho nanus Cfimatotjatler wii^ lirHt applied by Dr. Gibbons t<» 2 HpocieH, aiigiriialKn
and Nunimtr.f. 81iorlly altorwards Dr. (tilibons' truiiHt'i-rrud tlio name (U/uiatoifaiitfr to
J fukunutiit, givina n in'AV name Micrometnis to aggreijaUm and minimux. Still Inter,
Girard {;av« the name Abeona to ininimuii and A gansiz frnvo tliti name M'^rogMtcr lit

aggreyatus. In 1802 Gill restored the iiaino t'l/matoganter to aggregaUm, nn aifangpiiicnl
k^uicu slionld pndiably Htand.
tFor an t'xcinient dotniled ncrount of tho dovrlopmcnt of tbiH spitciea see Eigonmuuii,

wuicu should pndiably Htand.
tFor an «'xctdlent d«itniled a
Bull. U. S. l-'ibli C'omiu. lor 18U2, 412-478.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1199

tiiiiloH in Nprlii^ uliiiuHt fiitli'fl.v Itliwk. ].t«ii)(th 0 iii«-h«tH. Pacilir Coimt,
Umii Fort \VruiiK«*l. Aliiska lo TotloH SaiitoH Hay, l.owor ('alifuriiiu; tvoiy-
ulioru t^xt-etMiiii^ly nliiiiHliiiit in Handy ur nunUly HhallowM, tiuil ubont tlio
uliarves. («i>///rf(/'«'"«, «'i<»w»UmI to;;rtliei'.)
('iiiiiiitiMjiiiit0r oinfiriiahiii, (iniiioNH, Itully I'liit't-r 'I'linrM uiiil 'l'riinm'ri|it, May IH, 1851, San

I'ranciHcoi (inuiONs, I'iih . Ai'. Niil. Sri. I'liila. l^rit, lil6; KiiiKNMANN \ I'litKV, ( e.,

;iU7; Kli'RHMANN, Itllll. I'.S. rUli ('0111111, IHIC: (IHIM), 401.

.l/i.'r»iH<''i'"i rt,'/.'/i<',7"'"*, <iinin>NH, Hiiilv I'liK'cr 'riiiit'it mill 'rriii)Nrri|)i, Mm,v :i(», lHr>t; (iui.

lliiNH, I'lor. Ac. Nut. Mil. rilllll. 1M.")4, li;.'!; .luUDAN \ (JIMIKIII, S.\ IKipMin, MMI.

.s.iitii «if/fi(/'''r, JoltDAN, Hull IIiivili'iiH (iool. Siit'v , IN, :il)t), 1M7X, Kiu Grande, Browna-
ville, Texaa; nn urrur, llii> ty|H'M IiiivIhk really I'lmu' I'mmii San FrunciHco.

\htio(iaMlir liiifolnliig (AiiA)'hi/ mh.j, .\i,k.\aniiki( AnA.iul/', I'rui'. lioal. Sue. Nut. IlUt.,
vni. IHOI, 121). San Franc jico.

Iiiininaaiij/n'ijatum, UlNTnuit, (.'ul., iv, 218.

601. BRACHYISTIUS, (till

llnichyittiitM, (iiM., Prim. Ai'. Nat. Sil. IMilla. IHII'J, 'Sir> {fienatiit).

Kody olon^rato, conipruHHod, witli ion^ <;aiuliil pednnidc^ and Hlondur
piiinti'd Nnuut; month vuiy Hinull, witli ont^ row of lilnntiMli tttetli; l<>\vi;r
lip tbin, tMitiro, with a IVonnni; )i\\\ r»i<*-rH rather Hlendrr. I'harviifroalH
c^Honlially aH in V>jmato<jaHUr. ScaloH hirK«. Vorliral (inw very Hhurt.
.Small curnivoninHHUocios, living on Handy HhuroH. {/J/juxOi, Hhuit; iOrioy,
Huil, or dtM'Hal lin.)

1SH». IIBACIIVISTHM I'UKN.iTlIM, (iill.

Iload :{J; dopth W. 1). VIII, 15; A. Ill, 22; lateral lino 10. Hody ohm-
;^':itu, ctMnpruHHud, ntgnlarly ulliptical, with :i Hiendcr pointed head and a
Ion;;; tuudal |)0<lnnclu; pndile much doprt-HHod over the ey«>H, the Hnont
projcctini;. Month very sniall, obli(|ni', nnixillary not roachiug orbit.
Ciicrks with 2 rowH of Hcales. Dorual spincH very lonj; and rather
strong, th(« Hixth and Hoventh the lougeut and a littb- longer than tint Hoft
niyH. Candal rather deeply forked. («ill rakcra sl«;nder, rather long.
Color «lark olive brown above, rach Hcale withadarkHpot at baw, followed
liv a light mark; below bright light copprry red; each H<'ale with a blue
N|M)t anil dark ])nnctnlntionH; head colored like the body; linH all light
itMldiHh. Length 8 inclu'H. V^ancoiiver lalaml totSandalupc; locally very
iibnntlant, eHpecially northward In shallow water, (freiiatitx, biidled.)

UnichiiinHiii/rmahiit, On.i., Vrw. Ac Nal.Stl. I'liilii. 1802, 275, California coast.
I>itrriiui hnvipintu; GONrMKit, ('at., IV, 248, 1802, Esquimault Harbor, Vancouver Island.
]licroiiu'tru»/renatu», Jouuan & Uilueut, Sjuoimis, 58U, 1883.

602. ZALEMBIUS, Jordan <!k Kvermann.
/.ideinbiut, Jordan &- Evkrmann, Check- List, 403, 1800 {rotaeettt).

ThiB geuns agrees in most respects with lirachjihtius, btit the body and
lica<l are deep and compres.sed, the candal pednucle short, and the vertical
llns are longer than in liraclnjisiiuH. The single species inhabits waters of
(!onsiderable depth, 50 fathoms or more, being the only member of the
family not couflned to the shori'S, most of them living in the snrf in very
shallow watess. (XdXtf, snrgcs of the sea; i/tifiioi, life within, the root
word of Embiotoca. )

Ji"

,!'.(■'■ •■■r^T^^-Htr*, ■■- ■

1500 Bulletin </y, United States National Museum,

\L^ % i

18H4. ZALKHUIUM ROKACKIIH (Jordan & UillxTt)

Head 3jl; dopth 2\. D. X, IK,: A. Ill, 20; Hcalea f>-50-16. Body obloiii;
ovate, dcepeHt at the shoulders, the iirofile thence to the occiput couvc\,
the occipital and interorbital region considerably depressed; body taper-
ing backward from the shoulders into a short and slender caudal pedundi'.
Head small, thick, the snout blunt. Mouth comparatively large, littlf
obIiqu«>. the lo'ver jaw iucluded; maxillary slightly passing the verti(;il
from the front of the orbit; premaxillary anteriorly on a level with the
inferior margin of the pupil. Eye very large, its diameter about \
the length of the head; interorbital region very broad. Teeth largf,
conical, truncate at tip, about V, none on the sides of the lower jaw;
gill rakors very short and slender, about 12 below angle. Scales on the
cheek in 3 series. Spinous dorsal high, the first spine about ?, tlie
length of tho highest, the sixth t(; tenth of nearly equal height, and
higher than the soft rays; pectorals reaching past tips of ventrals,
which reach about to front of anal; origin of ventral spine naarly below
tho vertical from the p'jstenor end of pectoral base; anal fin with the \\\\m
oblique, the spines rather strong, and more or Iohs curved. Caudal tin
narrow, forked for moie than \ its length, the lo))eH rather pointed;
pectoral Hns small, not reaching to the tips of the ventrals. Color rose-
red with silvery luster, darker above; top of head orange; a very distinct
chocolate-colored spot above the lateral line at the origin of the soft
dorsal fin ; anotb<^r smaller one just below the end of the soft dorsal. Fins
immaculate, tinged with reddish. Length 8 inches. Coast of California-
the types from deep water outside the Golden Gate; occasionally taken
by fishermen with sweep nets, also dredged in deep waters in different
places by the AXbatrots. A beautiful and interesting fish, {^rosacens, rosy.)

Oymatogaster ro»aeeut, JoRPiN & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 303, off San

?'rancisco. (Coll. Jordau & Gilbert.)
Mierometrut rosaeetm, Jordan & Gu^bebt, Syuopsis, 589, 1883.

603. HYPOCRITICHTHYS, Gill.

HypocHHchthijs, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 14, 27.'> (analis).

This genus is very close to Hyperprompon, differing chiefly in the short
anal fin which has but 23 rays. (v7toH,oiTt}i;, hypocrite; '^^St's, fish, in
form and size resembling Cymatogastvr, thus belying its affinities which
are entirely with Hyperprosopon.)

A

1886. HYPOCRITICHTHYS ANALIS (Alexander Agassiz).

Head 3^ ; depth 2^. D. IX, 22 ; A. Ill, 23 ; lateral line 63. Body compara-
tively elongate, formed muc^ as in JirachyisUua frenatus; upper anterior
profile nearly straight, depressed above the eyes; snout sharp; moutli
large, very oblique, tip of the lower jaw on a line with the upper prolile
of the snout ; maxillary reaching front of :^rbit ; gill rakers long, numerous ;
lower lip without frenum; dorsal spines high and slender, longer than soft
rays, the middle longest; anal spines small; caudal fin short, not widely
forked; pectorals short and broad, ^ the length of head; eye ^ length of

I:

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1501

Hiioiit. Color silvery; an inky blotcli on the middle of the anal fin, ai;4 a
f'aintci blotch on the spinoiia dorsal; front of anal yvllow; fins otherwise
|,liii<i; axil bl.ick. Length 6 incheo. San Francisco to Point ('onception ;
rathor rare; locally abundant ut Santa Cruz, (unalts, pertaining to the

jiiiai.)

l!i'lierpro''opon analit, Alexander Aoassiz, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. ni8t.,\in, 1861, 133,

San Francisco.
JTupoeritichthyt anaK«, ftnx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 276.
IHtrema anale, G Cnther, Cat., iv, 250.
Iloleonotus analis, Jordan &. Gilbert, SynopxiH, SSS.
Ilyperprosopon analia, Eiobnmann & Ulrey, I. c, 387.

604 HYPERPROSOPON, Gibbons.

(Wai,l-eykd Surf-fisiiks.)

Tfyperprosopon, Gibbons, Daily Placer Times and Transcript, May 18, 1854 (argenteus).
Eiiiiiehthys, GiRABD, Proc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. Pliila. 1855, 322 (megalops).

Ilramopsit ( Aoassiz MS.) Alexander Aqassiz, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., viu, 1861, 132
{mento=argente'u*).

Body ovate, strongly compressed ; eyes large; month small, very oblique,
with 2 rows of teeth in each jaw; lower lip without fronum; gill rakers
very long, slender and tapering. Pharyngeal teeth mostly small, conic, a
few in the last series enlarged or molar; scales small, silvery; male with
1 of the anterior rays oi anal transformed into a triangular plate, the
fin forming a decided angle at this point, the rays in front of it with a
thick covering of skin. Vertebra) 33 to 35, 12 to 14 of them above base
of anal. Species of moderate size, living in the surf, {vnip, above;
Ttpodoonov, face, the forehead facing upward.)

a. Ventral flns broadly tipped with black; anal rays III, 33, the fin nearly plain; aides

silvery ; anterior i)roflle of head concave. aroenteus, 1886.

aa. Ventral iins pliiin silvery; anal rays Til, 30, the On blackieth anteriorly; sides with

faint dark cross band.". AOAS.sizn, 1«87.

1886. HVPERPKOSOPOX ARflEXTRIJS, Gibbons.

(Wall-eykd Surf-fish ; White Perch.)

Head 8^; depth 2\. D. IX, 27; A. Ill, 32; scales 72. Body ovate,
strongly compressed. Interorbital space rather wide, abruptly depressed
at the nape, the jirofile of the snout extending forward at a less angle than
that of the back. Snont very short, much shorter than the eye. Maxil-
lary scarcely reaching front of pupil. Mouth extremely obli(|ue. Eye 2^
in head, larger than in any other species. Gill rakers as long as diameter
of pupil and very slender, about 21 below the angle. Middle dorsal spines
a little higher than the last, or than the soft rays; anal low; pectorals
scarcely reaching to the tips of ventials, Avhich reach past the front of the
anal ; origin of ventral spine 5 or 3 scale? behind the vertical from poste-
rior end of pectoral base. Color, bluish black above ; sides bright silvery,
sometimes faintly barred ; ventrals with a broad terminal bar of black;

.1

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1502 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

%

candiil and anal od^ed with blackish. L«'ngth 10 iucben. Coant of Cali-
fornia, Cap« l>i8a]»i»ointnient to Todos Santos Hay; on sandy Hhures in die
surf, everywhere common, {argentciia, wilverv.)

Ifjfprrprotopon argenteum, GinnoNS, Troc. Ac. Nut. Sci, I'liila. Ifl.'W, lO.'i, San Francisco.
Ihjperprosopon argenteum punctatitm, GiniiONS, I'roc. Ac. Nut. Sci. Pliila. 1854, 10«, San

Francisco.
ITyperj>roiopon areuatum, OniBONS, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Tliila. 1854, 125, San Francisco.
lloleonotus meijalopt, Uikahd, Pro<;. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1854, 152, Presidio; Humboldt

Bay ; Astoria.
Knnxehthjis tni-tjalop$, Girakd, U. S. Pacific 11. R. Surv., x, Fish., 197, 1858.
liramopitis viento (.VoAs.si/. MS.) A1.EXANDEII A0A8SIZ, Proc. Boat. So<;. Nat. IliHt., viii.

1861, 133, no locality given.
TlyperproBopon arijenteut and areualus, Gill. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 276.
DitrenM arcuatum and IHtrema inegalopi, GUntheh, Cat., iv, 219.

1887. HTPERPRONOPUX AGAN81ZII, Gill.

Head 3 J ; depth 2. D. IX, 25 ; A. Ill, 29 ; lateral line 60. Body alliptif-
ovato, the profile nearly straight from the snont to above the occiput,
there forming a slight ai>gle, thence straightish to the basc! of dorsal ;
ventral outline variable, t onietimes strongly arched ; mouth small, v«ry
obli(|ne, the premaxillary m a level of the middle of the pupil, the niux-
iilary scarcely reaching front of pupil; eye \ longer than the snont; gill
rakers not quite a^ long as the diameter of the pupil, about 17 on the lowcr
part of arch; 3 rows of scales on cheek; sixth dorsal spine highest,
higher than the soft rays; third anal spine much the longest, about -\ as
long as first rays; pectorals falcate, reaching the vertical from tip of ven-
trals, which about reach to vent; origin of ventral spine about 2 scales
behind the vertical from posterior end of pectoral base. Length H inches.
Coast of California, San Francisco to Santa Barbara; not generally
abundant; most common along San Luis Obispo County. (Named i'or
Alexander Agassiz, who published in 18G1 an excellent review of thr
species of this family.)

Hyperprotopon arctiatus, Alexander Aoassiz, Proc. Boat. Soc.Nat. Hist. 1?01, 125; not

of Gibbons.
Hyperprosopon agassizii. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 276, California.
Amphystieufi aganizi, Jordan & Gn.BKRT, Syiiopaia, 592.
Hyperprotopon agasnzi, Eigenmann & Ulrey, I. c, 387.

605. HOLCONOTUS, Agassiz.

Iloleonotut, Aoassix, Amor. Jonm. Sci. Arts, xvn, May, 1854, 367 (rhodoterus).
Gymatogaster, Gibbons, .'>aily Placer Times . i Transcript, Juno 21, 1854 (not May 18, 1854)
(pnlchellut) .

This genus diifers from Amphistiehiis chiefly in the absence of a frenuni
to the lower lip. Vertebrie 14 -|- 18 =32; gill rakers stout and blunt.
Body subelliptical, moderately compressed ; anal fin as in Amplmtichun \
its basis below 11 vertebne. One species. (o.Iko?, groove; ya^roj, back.)

1888. HOLCONOTUS RH0U01ERU8, AgosHiz.

Head 3|; depth 2. D. IX or X, 26; A. HI, 29; lateral line 69. Body
deeper, more elevated, and less compressed than in Jlyperproaopoii, form
ovate, dorsal and ventral outlines equally curved; profile nearly straight

from I

eye ;

the Ic

1)itul,|

tiiibl^

;iii»l sj

l»rofuJ

pory

anal,

l.engt

vjry

Holeonl

al4

Syr
V\jmato
Oyinc
Cijuiato
Ditremi

m¥< m

?.,Viiii<.*.i'.Vj}">j'ij.-."-"i-Vr'.;i

Jordan and Evennann, — Fishes of North America. 1503

from snout to dorsal, littlr (lepreosed above oyt^; snout a little longer than
eye ; mouth oblique, forming ixw angle of about 45 degrecH ; pr(>muxillary ou
tiie level of the lower edge of pupil; maxillary not included under pi-eor-
bitul, reaching juMt past front of pupil; fifth dorsal spin*^ higlu'st, consid-
erably higher than the soft rays; gill rakers ()+ll> stout and blunt, fewer
and stouter thau in Ifyperpro8oj>OH. Color greenish above; sides silvery,
Itrofusely covered with spots and blotches of light orange brown or *-op-
jiury red, these mostly in the form of interrupted vertical burs; caudal,
anal, and ventral fins bright r<>ddish, without black spots or nuirkiugs.
Length a foot. Coast of California, i:Jan Francisco to San Diego; not
v)ry abundant. {poSorepo?, rosy.)

lloleonotus rhodoterus, Aoassiz, Amer. Jonrn. S<'i. Artn, Mny, 1854, :i68, San Francisco;

Alexander Aoassiz, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., vni, 18(11, 131 ; Joiiuan A: Un.UBRT,

Synopsis, 592; Eioenhann & Ulbey, I. c, 388.
Vymatoffaitter pulehelliu, Gibuons, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., July, 1854, 123, San Francisco.
Oymatoganter larkinith, G.'imuNB, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 123, San Francisco.
i'lfmatogaaterellipticun, Uibbons, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philu. 1854, 124, San Francisco.
IHtrema rhodolerui!., GOntheb, Cat., iv, 250.

6o6. AMPHISTICHUS, Agassiz.

Amphiitiehus, AOASSI/, Amer. Joam. Sci. Arts, May, 1854, 3G7 (argenteus).
Mytilophagus, Gibbons, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., July, 1854, 125 {fateiaUis=argenteii»).

Body ovate or oblong, compressed; mouth moderate, oblique, with slcn-
ilor conical tjceth in 2 series in each jaw, the outer series longer; lips
thin, the lower with a broad frenuni; gill rakers few, stont and blunt;
pharyngeals normal, their teeth small, conic, a few of the last 2 series
larger and molar; fins not very high, the spines slender; scales small;
vertebrje 13 + 16=29; the anal basis below lOvertebriu. Anal in male
with 1 of its anterior rays transformed into a triangular plate; a decided
angle at this point, some of the rays before it with the skin thickened.
One species. (a/<02, double ; ^r/^o?, series.)

1889. AHPHISTICIIUS ABOENTEUS, Agassiz.

(SUEF-FISH.)

Head 3i ; d{^pth 2i. D. X, 24 ; A. Ill, 26 ; lateral lino 65 to 67 ; vertebr.-n
13 + 16=29. Body ovate, the dorsal profile much more curved than ven-
tral; interorbital region scarcely depressed; mouth comparatively large,
little oblique, the maxillary being below the level of the rather small eye,
lower jaw included. Head blunt and deep; snout longer than the eye;
maxillary reaching front of pupil, not included under preorbital; lips
rather thin, the lowjr with a frenum. Gill rakers few, rather short, stiff,
5 + 11; lower pharyngeals norm&l. Caudal peduncle short and stout;
pectorals reaching olightly past tips of ventrals, which reach to vent;
origin of ventral spine almost under posterior end of pectoral base; third
anal spine the longest, scarcely | as long as first rays; dorsal spines
strong, the fifth or sixth longest, shorter than soft rays; pectorals slightly
falcate, nearly reaohing tips of ventrals. Silvery; sides with narrow
vertical bars of a brassy olive color, alternating with vertical series of

I i

; I.

i

1604 Diilldin 47, United States National Museum.

B))ota of Biinilur color; lins plain; vertical fins somewhat oilgod wiih
(liiHky; Bpociiueua occasionally uniform brassy, Avitlioiit bars. Lengtli 1
foot. Pacifi*! coast, from Cape Flattery to Sau Diego; very abundant on
saudy shores. {argeiUeu8, silvery.)

Amphiitiehun argenteus, AnASSix, Amor. Jouiti. Sci. Arts., May, IMI, .'107, San Francisco;

GiHAKi), U. S. Pac. U. li. Surv., x, F Jslies, 201.
Mytilophayui /anciatvt, Gimu)N8, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila., July, 18.'>4, 125, San Francisco
Amjihistiehus /i«t'rmann{, UlltAKU, I'rou. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fliila. 1854, 135, Cape Flattery; ban

Francisco
AmphUtichus simili*, Gikakd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1854, 153, San Francisco.
Ditrema arrtenteutii, OrNTiiEU, Cat., iv, 251.
Attiphittichua arifentctm, JuHDAN Si. GuJiKUT, Synopsis, 593 ; Eiqbnmann &. Ulubv, I. c, 38'.).

:<i'^

R-S

607. EMBIOTOCA, Agassi/..
Embiotoca, Aoassi?, Amer. Jouni. .Sci. Arts, xvi, November, 1863, 386 (jackaoni).

Hody oblong, more or less elevated, somewhat compressed, the caudal
peduncle robust. Head moderate, the lower jaw included. Lips moderate,
the lower with a frenum. Maxillary short, its whole length slipping under
the preorbital. Teeth few, conical, blunt isb^ in 1 series. Gill rakers
weak, rather short and slender. Pharyngeals normal, the anterior and
lateral teeth small, conic, the median and posterior large, truncate molars ;
males with a gland on some of the anterior anal rays, but none of thorn
modified to form a definite plate; vertebne 11 + 18 or 19, the base of aiuil
below 9 caudal vei'tebra>; first hiemal spine small, applied to th«$ secoiui.
Caudal fin lunate; anal fin rather long, much longer than abdomen, its
spines small. Scales small, about 60 in the lateral line. One species. Thi.s
genus is very close to the Japanese genus, Ditrema, Temminck & Schlegel.
1847, the longest known member of the family. Ditrema temminckii is in
form, color, and appearance between Embiotoca and Phanerodon. Its scales
are very small (70 to 75) and the lower pharyngeals are (^uite small, the
teeth all conic and rather slender, {e/nfiioi;, living within; rduo?, oil-
spring; an euphonious and appropriate name which is fortunately to lie
retained.)

1800. CMBIOTOCA .TACKSOM, Agassiz.
(Common Suuf-fish; Black Perch.)

Head 3^ ; depth 2. D. IX or X, 20 ; A. Ill, 25 ; scales 10-58-18. Form ovate,
rather thick, the outline convex. Mouth rather small. Gill rakers short
and stout, about 15 below angle. Dorsal spines low, much lower than the
soft rays; pectoral triangular in outline, not reaching past tips of veu-
trals, which reach nearly to front of anal; origin of ventral spine about
2 scales behind the vertical from posterior end of base of pectoral ;
third anal spine less than i as long as first rays ; caudal peduncle thick-
ish, the fin not widely forked. Scales on cheeks in 4 series. Brownish,
tinged with green, blue, red, or yellowish; sides with about 10 faint, ver-
tical, dusky bars; belly usually yellowish; head with blue spots; fins
dusky, tinged with blue or red; anal in males sometimes red with a black
patch, and the ventrals orange. Colors extremely variable, the pattern

»:♦.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1505

of color not definite. Length 1 foot. Vnuoouver Island to Todos Santos
Kay, generally oomnion; the most abundant of the larger speciea aouth-
ward. (Nanjed for A. C. .Jackson, of San Francisco, who first noticed the
\iviparity of Kmhioioca and iirst brought the fact to the attention of
I'rofessor Agassi/.*)

Emhiotoea jackmmi, AOASsiz, Ampr. Joum. Sci. Arts 1853, 387, and 1854, 360, San Fran-
cisco; (iiHAKi), n. S. Pac. IMi. 8urv., x, FIhIics, 108.
Ifnlconotus fuHijinotuii, (JiniioNS, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1854, 123, San Francisco.
Emhiotoea caumdyi, GiRAUV, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Plilla. 18r)4, 151, San Diego.
Emhiotoea webbi, Gikakd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1855, 320, San Diego.
IHtiema jaeknoin, (H^ntheii, Cat., iv, 245 j .Iokdan Sc Uilbekt, Kynopsis, 595.
IJmbiotocajacktmi, Eioenmann &. Uluby, I.e., 302.

f>o8. T.SNIOTOCA, Alexander Agassiz.

llolconotu*, GiBnoNS, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., July, 1854, 122 (agatsizii— later ali»).
IWniotoca, Ale.kandbr Aoassiz, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Ilist., viii, 1801, 133 (laleralu).

This genus is very close to Plian<rodoii, differing only in the short, deep
caudal peduncle. The single Npecics is highly variegated in color.
{Tixivia, band; runa, ior Evihioloca).

1801. T£MOTOCA LATERALIS (Agassi/,).
(Blue Pebcii; Stbu'ED Subf-fish.)

D. X or XI, 23 ; A. Ill, 31 ; Hcnles 7-63-15 ; vertebno 35 to 37. Body oblong,
compressed, with a short and very high caudal peduncle, the body taper-
ing back less than usual, the dorsal and ventral outlines nearly eciually
curved. Mouth but little obli<iue, the maxillary scarcely reaching orbit.
Teeth strong ; gill rakers short and stout, about 14 below angle. Spinous
dorsal very low, the last spine highest, but much shorter than the soft
rays ; soft dorsal and anal high ; pectoral iins triangular in outline to tips
of ventrals, whi(;h reach to ven t ; origin of ventral spine about 2 scales
hehind the vertical from posterior end of pectoral base; third anal spine
less than i as long as first rays. Color reddish olive above, becoming
bright orange red below, everywhere thickly dusted with black points;
a continuous bright blue streak along the edges of each row of scales;
streaks of thoracic region formed by isolated blue spots on the middle of
the scales; head with several series of blue spots and streaks; fins all
olivaceous dusky; ventrals with some light orange. Vancouver Island to
San Diego; very abundant northward, scarce south of Point Conception;
a very handsome fish, {lateralis, pertaining to the side.)

•The date of Dr. Jacknon's discovery is June 7, 1852. Dr. Thomas H. Webb, ot' the
Mexican Bouiidary Snr\'c»y, soon after sent n Hiniilar notice to Agassiz, an extract from
Iiis diary at San Diego, May 3, 1852. Dr. J. K. Lord, of Vancouver Island, and Pr. Wil-
liam Peters Gibbons, of Alameda, made similar observations at about the same time, as
(lid also Prof. George David.ion and Prof. John L. LeConte, the latter apparently in 1851.
The earliest publislied account is that of Agassiz, after notes of Jackson, in November,
1853. After liini came Gibbons, in May and June, 1854; Girard, in August, 1854, and
others still later. See Eigenmaun, BuH. U. S. Fish Comm. 1892,405, for a full historical
account of these discoveries.

(i

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,•41 r'S

1506 DuUctin 47, Untied Stales National Museum.

Kmltiotoea lalernli*, Aoahbi/., Amer. Jonrn. Stii. Artn, Mny, 1854, MSO, San Pranciaco.
Ilulronotut* agantuii. (iliinoNs, Proc. Ac. Nut. Scl. Philn., July, 1854, 122, San Francisco.
Emhiotoea lineata, OiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. 8ci. Philn., Augiint, 1854, 134, San Francisco;

Tomalea Bay ; Presidio.
Emliiotom pempieabilin, OiHARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Scl. Phlla. 1856, 521, Puget Sound.
Emlriotoca omata, Gihauu, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Hci. Philn., April, 1H55, :<21, San Diego; Soutli

Farallonea.
Taniiotora laleralU, Ai.RXANDRR AriAPHr/, Proc. Itont. Sno. Nnt. ITiflt., viiT, 1861, 133.
IHtrema latfraU, GI^NTiiKU, <'nt,, iv, 245; Jordan &. Gii.hicrt, SynoimiH, 504.
I'hanerodon laleralU, Eiuknmann & Ui^BV, I. o., 304.

609. PHANERODON, Oirard.

Phanerodon, Oirard, Proc. Ac. Nnt. Sci. Phila. 1854, 153 {/urcatui).

This gouu8 is very close to Emhiotoea, JHtrcma, and Tainiotoca. from
Emhiotoea, Phantrodon ditVera chiefly in the long and slender caudal pedun-
cle, and in the larger number of vertebne, 14 or 15 + 23 or 24=37 to 3!);
the base of the anal is below 11 or more vertebriri, and the flrst hiomal
spine is as large as the second ; dorsal spines slender and high, the Inst
ones as high as the soft rays. Hpoeies plainly colored, of moderate size;
the caud.al deeply forked. (^aKcpoj, evident; oSov?, tooth ; but the teeth
are no larger than in related genera.)

a. Ventral flntt plain whitinh; acnlnn of body without ornngo ahndos; cniulal edged
with rtiiaky; head short, SJ in length. FUHCATi'S, 1892.

aa. Ventral fln» broadly tipped witli blackish; scinlos of hoAy above ewdi witii an
orange shade nt baao; cnndal nut (lusky-cdgod ; liend longer, 3} in length.

ATRIPBS, 189;i.

1H02. PHANERODON FURCATIIK, Cirard.

(White Suhf-fisii.)

Head 3| ; depth 2h D. X, 24 to XI, 22 ; A. Ill, 30 to 32 ; lateral line 66 to 69.
Body oblong-elliptical, compressed, tapering backward into the long and
slender caudal peduncle ; dorsiil and ventral outlines about equally curved ;
occipital region little depressed ; mouth small; lower jaw included; teeth
rather large, conical; gill rakers very short and slender; last dorsal spine
highest, sometimes higher than th<^ soft rays, the fin higher than in Phane-
rodon airipes; pectorals reaching a little beyond tips of ventrals; caudal
fin strongly forked, the upper lobe usually the longer. Light olivaceous,
silvery below, sometimes yellowish ; scales with bright reflections but no
red markings; usually a round dusky spot on the anal; ventrals plain;
caudal fin edged behind with dusky ; fins usually yellowish tinged. Length
1 foot. Pacific coast, from Vancouver Island to San Diego; extremely
abundant from Cape Mendocino southward, (fiircatus, forked.)

Phanerodon fur eattis, GiRABO, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila. 1854, 103, Presidio ; Tomales Bay ;

and in U. S. Pac. K. R. Surv., x, Fiah., 184.
Ditrtma furcatum, GCnther, Cat., iv, 247; Jordan A. Gilbert, Synopsis, 506.
Phanerodon fureatun, Eigenmann & Ulrey, I. c, 304.

* The name Holeonotut was invented by Gibbona independently, and is not aynonymous
with Holeonotua of Agassiz.

h'tif ii';'.alii!T':-

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1507

ISUa. FIIANKKOUOK ATKIPEN (Jonliui \.Uilbert).

HonclS^; depth 2^. D. X, 23; A. Ill, 29; lateral lino 70. Ho<ly elongate,
tapering into a long and Hlunder «-aii<lal peduncle. Snout rather project-
ing. Head small. Mouth sniall, the maxillary not extending to opposito
the eye. Teeth few and small. Kyo aa long as snout, 3 J in head. Cheeks
with 3 rows of scales. Qill rak(>i'8 longer than in related B])ecie8, and
jiliaryngoals stronger, with the teetb moro nearly paved. Higltest dornal
M|)ine shorter than the soft rays. Pectorals long, reaching tip of ventrals.
( 'audal lobes e(|ual. Light olivaceous above, pearly below; scales above
the axis of body each with an orange spot at base, its outer margin tinged
with blue, those forming faint reddish streaks along the rows of scales;
anal with a dusky spot; ventrals broadly tipped with blackish; caudal
not dark-edged. Length 10 inches. Monterey Bay and banks oil' San
i)i ego in deeper water than related species; not yet recorded from inter-
vening localities; locally abundant off Monterey. I^aitr, black; pt%, foot.)

mirema atripet, JoRnAN & Ou^iikht, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1880, 320, Monterey Bay ;

.rORDAN & (flUtBUT, SyilOpHiS, 505.

IHtrema orthonolnn, Ekiknmann & £inENMANN, West American SciontiHt, October, 1889,

127, Cortes Banks, off San Diego.
I'hanerodon atripes, Eiobnhann &. Ulrby, I. c, 305.

6io. RHACOCHILUS, Agassi/,.

Ithaeoehilut, AOASRiz, Am. Jourii. Sci. Arts, May, 18.54, 307 (loxotei).
I'aehylabrui. Gihbons, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci., iu Daily I'lacor Times and Transcript, June 21,
1854 ( variegat u» — toxotea) .

Body ovate, compressed, tapering abruptly into a long and robust caudal
peduncle; mouth comparatively large, the lower Jaw included; lips
extremely thick, the lower without frenum, its posterior edge free, coarsely
lobed; teeth few, small, conical, in 1 series; gill rakers rather long;
pharyngeals normal ; scales small ; dorsal spines low, posteriorly subequal,
much shorter than the soft rays; caudal deeply forked ; anal basis elon-
gate, the si)incs small. Vertebrtn l'l-f-22. One species. Males with a
Inland on some of the anterior rays ; the anal basis without angle ; none of
the rays modified to form a plate, (pdno?, rag; x^^^o?, lip.)

1894. RHACOCHILUS TOXOTES, Agassiz.

(Alfione.)

Head 3|; depth 2|. D. X, 23; A. Ill, 30; scales 11-76-20. Body ovate,
with elevated back and long, thick caudal peduncle; head deep, with
prominent snout; mouth wide, oblique, the lower )xw included; maxil-
lary reaching front of orbit, slipping under the prtscrbital ; lips extremely
large, with uneven surface, slashed behind and without frenum; teeth
strong, wide-set, those in mandible little developed; eye large; gill rakers
stent, about 20 below the arch ; about 6 series of scales on cheek, 8 on
opercle ; soft dorsal considerably elevated, mnch higher than spinous por-
tion j peotoxaJs and ventrals long; pectoral triangular in outline, about

"7

■i > i

n

1508 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

reaching to tips of veutrnla, which roai^h past vent ; origin of ventral Hjtiiiu
about 6 BcalcH behind the vorti«!al from posterior edge of poctorul baHi .
Caudal short, deeply forked., the upper lobo thr longer. Olivaceotis, witli
brassy rotloctious and dusky points; tins plain. Length 18 inches. Tlio
largest and least handsonin of the family, and the one of most value jih
food. Coast of California, from Sun Francisco to San Diego, ratlicr com
mon. (ro^cin/f, the East Indian an-ber flsh; from some obscure rt'suiu-
blance.)

Rhaeoehilua toxoten, AoASSi/, Am. .Tourn. 8ci. Arts, May, 1854, .107, San Francisco ; Gcraii i <

V. S. Puc. It. R. Surv., x, VMie», 188, 1858.
Pachylabrut variegatut, OiBUONS, Troc. Ac. Nat. Scl. I'bila., vii, July, 1854, 120, San

Francisco.
Ditrema toxoten, GCnther, Cat. Fialios, IV, 247.
JihaeochUu$ tcxoUt, Jouoan & Oilubbt, Synopsis, 590; Eioenmann & Ulrey, 2. e., SOU.

6zx. HYPSURUS, Alexander Agassiz.
Ilypmrua, Alexander Aoabsiz, Proc. Best. Soo. Nat. Hist., vtii, 1801, 133 (ea.-yi).

Body oblong, compreHsed, moderately elevated, tapering abruptly to a
very slender and Hhort peduncle. Head moderate, rather acute, lower Jaw
included. Lips rather large, entire, the lower with a frenum. Teeth few,
conical, blunt, in 1 series, those of the upper jaw sometimes partly in '2
series. Gill rakers slender, rather short. Pharyngeals normal; anterior
and lateral teeth of lower pharyngeals small, bluntly conic; a triangul.-ir
posterior patch of larger teeth, all but the posterior row truncate, the pos-
t«!rior row conic. Dorsal tin rather low, the spines all lower than the soft
rays. Caudal broad and short, widely forked. Anal fin extremely short,
although many-rayed, beginning far back, the length of its base boiu;;;
less than .} the distance between its first spine and tlie root of the ven-
trals, the abdomen being therefore extremely long. Scales rather small.
Vertebral 17 + 20. This genus is distinguished from Embiotoca chiefiy by
the great length of the abdominal region which is caused by the increased
number of abdominal vertebne. One species, of small size and brilliant
coloration. (,vif)t, high; ovpd, tail.)

i4s

iill. --■^^■^^>^..^^

1895. HTPSURUS CARYI (Agassi/.).

(BUQARA.)

Head 3^; depth 2^. D. X or XI, 23; A. Ill, 24; lateral line 71. Body
elliptical, compressed, the ventral outline comparatively straight; head
depressed above eye; snout sharp; premaxiilaries on the level of the
lower margin of pupil, lower jaw included; maxillary nearly reachin<r
front of eye, included under preorbital; fourth to sixth dorsal spines
highest, lower than the soft rays; gill rakers slender, short, 7+13. Pec-
toral long, reaching past tips of ventrals, which reach i way from their
base to front of anal ; origin of ventral spine about 8 scales behind the
vertical from the posterior end of pectoral base. Anal very short, the
third spine longest, about i as long as the first rays, far back, its rays
slender and crowded close together, its origin opposite posterior third of

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North .Imcrica, 1500

(lorsnl. Col«»ratioii oxtreiiioly vuriogute<l, olivMccoiiH, with Htri]>oH of
(ii-uiif{*< butwoeii tlio rows of acHluH; ultuiit \\\ diiaky oiuiiKt^ <t(>hh bura,
irri'i^ular in form; eyoH rmldlMh, Hiirroiiiided liy a nky-bliit) Imnd; inoni-
liranoB of uporcluH chiolly oruiiKu; opercle bliiiHb, Hputtml witU oriiiiKu;
>iiluHof bead with Hky-bliu> apots; lo\v«>r,|aw with oran^ro and bliin HtripeH;
lireaHt antl bully with bni^itudiiial stripoH <if bii^iit nraiiKo, alturiiatiiig
witii Hteul blue; alxUmiiiial furrow oraiij^o, «h1);u<1 with Idiiu; puotoral with
nil oraiiKo croHceiit at baae bordered with li^ht blur; soft doraal witli a
l>lack blotch near thu front; caudal of a peculiar rich orange brown, with
croHH bars formed of roiintl grayish spota; anal chirtly oran^^o tipp<;d with
liliie, and with a largo blackiMh blotch; other tiuH orango brown, niuttlod.
Length 10 iuchoH. CoaHt of California; very common from Cape Motidocino
lo San Diego; a beautiful iiah, largely uaud for bait; vt<ry rare south of
I'dint (Umcuption, common olV 8an FrauciHco. (Named lor ita diacovcrer,
Mr. Thomas Ci. Cary, brother of Mrs. Agaaaix.)

luiibiotocaearyi, AaA88i7., Anier. Joiirn. Sol. ArlH 185;i, 380, niiil ISrif 3(tU, San Franciaco.
llolctniofHtifiM)un*ii (GllilioNs MS., rrui !al. Ac. Sci. 1854), UlUlioNb, Pruc. Ac. Nnt. Sri.

IMiilit. 1854, 12, San Francisco.
Iljipminit earyi, Alexander Acias.si/, ISoHt.Jonm. Nnt. JIIhI., viu, 1801, i;i3; Jokdan iV;

(Jll.llGKT, SyilopslH, 593; ElOENMANN & ULUEY, l.C, 384.

Ihtrema earyi, GCntheu, Cat,, iv, 247, 1802.

6ia. DAMALICHTHYS, Girard.

DamaliehthiiK, Girabij, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. riiila. 1855,321 (racca- anjyro$omv»).

Body ovate, comprcaaod, with loug cauual peduncle; head rather large;
mouth moderate, the lower jaw included; lipa full, the lower with a
t'ronum; teeth very few, short, conical, bluntiHh, in I aeries; gill rakera
Nliort and alender; lower pharyngeal very large, convex behind in out-
line, with the lateral horns very short and thick; anterior tooth-bear-
ing area on the plane of the bono; posterior area inclined backward,
forming a steep angle with the anterior part; teeth on anterior part low,
truncate, hexagonal, tessellated; on poaterior part ovate, flattened, imbri-
cated, and turned forward so that the posterior side forms the grinding
edge; posterior teeth of upper pharyngeals applied to anterior of the
lower pharyngeal ; the posterior teeth above similar to the anterior below,
and vice versa; scales rather small; dorsal spines low, much shorter
than the soft rays; anal tin long, with small spines. Yertelme 13 -{- 21.
Species of large size, plainly colored, externally resembling Ditrema and
Phanei'odon, but singularly distinguished from all the other members of
the family by the peculiar pharyngeals. (6d//<tA/s, calf; /^Stig, fish; in
allusion to its viviparity.)

1806. DAMALICHTHYS ARGYROSOIVS (Girnrd).

(White 1'ebch; Pohoke.)

Head 3i; depth 2^. D. X, 23; A. Ill, 29; scales 8-63-17. Form broadly
elliptical, the dorsal curve regular, similar to the ventral curve; caudal
peduncle rather slender; head rather large, not blunt; occipital region

,1 -i

IJ ii •

h

1610 BulUtin ^7, United States National Museum.

littlfl <loprosH4Ml ; promnxilliiry Just below tli«* level of the pupil ; the inu\
lllary HOiircoly reiiching front of the eye, lower jiiw included; llpn thicK
ish, even; oy<< Ini'Ke, a tittle lontrer than snout; «'h<>ekH with 'A or 4 i-owh
of MoaleH. Oill riikerH 7 -|- Ki, not i ho lon^ hh the litrge eye, whlth is
longer than snout. Tet'th very few, short and blunt. Dorsal spliiuH
stoutish, thr last one hiKhest, 1 tbo height of the soft rays, ('aiidal
deeply forked, the iippttr lobe the longer; pectoral long, reaching beyond
front of iiiirI; ventrals reaching nearly to anal; origin of ventral spiih'
about 4 scales behind the vertical from posterior part of pectoral Itano;
third uual spine nearly \ oh long as tirst rays, ('idor soiled white, with
silvery luster; 'A or 4 obHcure duuky barH, most distinct in the youn;;;;
tluH neatly plain, dusky. Length 15 inches. Paciflc coast, Vancouvt r
Island to San Diego; everywhere common, especially northward; the nioHt
abundant s]»coies on the coast of Ikitish Columbia, entering the inlets in
thousands; the ilesh rather poor and tasteless, {tifjyvfjoi;, silver; dio/ia,
body; but this species laokH the silvery Hheeu of llifperproHopon.)

Emhiofoea ari/yrotoma, GrRAi(ii,1'ro<;. Ac. Nut. Soi. Vliiln. 18.'>r>, IIIO, San Pranciaco (yoim;;

iiiiliviihial ill IiimI < onilitioii) ; and in T. S. Viw. It. R. Siirv., x, FlitheH, 180, 1H58.
Daiiialirhthi/ii vaeca, iiitiJ^Mt, I'ron. At: Nat. Sci. I'liilu. 1855, 'Ml, Puget Sound ; und in U. S.

I'ac. K. R. Siirv., x, KIsIich, 182, IWiB.
Ditrema vaeea, (irNTiiKii, Cat. FIhIioh, iv, 240, 1802.
Damaliehthi/i anjifroioma, JitiiUAit Sc Oilubut, 8yn<i|miH, r)07; Eioknmann \. TTlkby, I. c,

385.

NoTK. — For the sake of complctenosH, we add the two remaining known
species and genera of limhiotocidtv, from Japan.

DiTUKMA, Tommin«-k & Schh'gel.

Ditrema, Temminck \; Scmlkuel, Fiituia Japauicu, TuIhs., 77, pi. 4U, 11^;. 2, 1847 {tew-
minokii) ■

This genus is very close to Emhiotoca, di tiering in its smaller scales and
in its pharyngeal teeth, which arc all conic and slender, the bones quite
small. Coloration of I'hanerodoti. (d/$, two; rpfffux, aperture, the gen-
erative organs having a diHtinct opening from the intestines.)

DiTKKMA TBMMiNiiKii, Itleeker.

Heatl .3}; depth 2^. 1). X,21 ; A. Ill, 25; scales «-7()-l4; eye 'd\ in head;
pectoral If'n > ventral 2; last dorsal Hpine 'Si ; second dorsal ray 2i; longest
anal ray 3i; coudal 1*. Hody ovate compressed, the nape somewhat pro-
duced, upper proHle of head about straight; ventral outline more strongly
curved than <lorsal; mouth small, the maxillary reaching to nostrilH;
lower jaw slightly included; teeth conical, blunt, in a single series, on
the front of lower Jaw only; length of snout equals diameter of eye; nos-
trils small, close together; gill rakers short and slender; about 4 rows
of scales on cheek ; top of head from posterior margin of eye, snout, ven-
trals, mandibles, and edge of preopercle naked; scales below lateral line
on middle of body the largest, their depth greater than their length; fins
naked; dorsal with a scaly sheath. Pectorals reaching about to vent, iin
pointed behind, the upper rays the longest; ventrals nearly their length

I-

I*
J I'

If'' i.

Jordan and livtimann. — Fishes of North Anwrica, ITill

^^..^ — _.^-.^_ — ~ — '

lichiiHl biiHn of poi'toralH, tlioir kimIh not i'«ii«;lilii){ to tip of ]icctoriilH; dor-
sal HplntiH iniii-h Hliortor tliuii tli« Hol'truvH, \\\vi Iiih) tho lon^ttst; Hui'tUurHul
liigliuHt ill front; aiiiil HpiiioH vrry Hiiiall, tlin tliird tint loiigt>Nt, iiiiioh
.-.horter than tlio Hott rnyH; ouiidal widoly iorki^d. (Jolor nilvoi-y, Ht«)(d
Itliio on back; aiiKl«) of preoperole with a dark H|)ot; a dark blotrli on
iippor end of uperolu; doraalH diiHky, diirkor at eiidH of rayn; anal dusky;
tipHof viMitrnlM Idack; axil of purtoral diiHky, tlio fin \vliit««; raiidaj Iiliiok-
isli at biiHo, tipH black. Described from a Hpi-cinuMi K inobus in lenf{th,
c ollocted in .lapim by Mr. KeiiioHiiku Otakl. (Niinied for CLTuiiiiiiinck,
Olio of tiie aiitboi'Hof thu Hplondid Fauna .la]iani('a.)

nilrtima tfmmhifkii, IIi.kkkkh, Vurli. IIhI. (iuiiuolHL'k., XXV, Japiiii, 3:1; UOntiikh, Cut.,

IV. 240, 1802.
Dilrema Imw, (U'nthku, Cat., ii, 31)2, IHOO, Japan.

Nkoditrkma, Stuindiiclinor.

Senditrema, 8TRllfl)Arii\KR. Buitr. Kvnntii. KIhcIik .InpitiiH, ii, 32, IHK.I {raiitiinnrtii).

Thi.H ^enuH in allied to Dilrema, but lai^kH tenth in tliojuwN, and tho lower
lip is without freniiin. HtaloH very Hiiinll, docidnouH, 70 in lateral line,
.lapan. (»'f<'»5, now; DUrcma.)

Nkoditkkma itANHDNNKTii, Steiiiduehnor.

Head 3« to 31; depth 3^^. 1). VI to VIII-L'l or L'2; A. Ill, L'O or 27; eye
;it<uhead; interobital 4; snout 4. Dody Htron^ly eoniprosHod, OHpeeially
the belly under the pectorals; anteriorprofilenioreor leus concave; under
Up projecting, thin, not interrupted in the middle; maxillary reaching to
liolow anterior e<lge of orbit. Anal Hpinos short; oaiidul forked, as lung
iiHbead; ventrals e<|ual head without snout. Hcales cycloid, 3 or 4 rows
on <-heek; top of head, maxillary, lips, and orbitals naked; a few scales
(III soft dorsal and anal; pharyngeals as in Dilrema. Hack to lateral line
(lark golden brown, under parts gtdden yellow; tho middle of caudal fin
is light yellow, at its base and end of tin dark brownish violet. Two
specimens in the museum at Vienna, from Yokohama; a larger specimen
collected by Dr. Diiderlein, 170 mm. long. (Steindachner.)

Xeoditremaranioniictii, Stein dachn Kit, liitilriiKo /.in- KttiiiitiiisH dor FilicliuJaimns, ii, 32,
1843, Yokohama. (Cull. Baron UioiHunuot iiuil Dr. Di'MU^rloiii.)

' , I

Suborder COUOMIDES.

Lower pharyngeals full}' united; nostril single on each side; in other
respects similar to the Percoidea on the one hand, and to the Phuryiujofinathi
ou the other, showing characters of both, with the unique feature of the
simple nostrils. >Speci«>s very numerous, referable to 2 largo familieH — the
one marine, living about coral reefs, the other tluviatilo, swarming in the
rivers of the tropics, especially in those of South America.

a. Anal Hpines 3 to 10; gills 4, a HlitbeliimlLi j fourth; psuudobrauchiib obsolete; verte-

brut in increased number; fntsh water xpecies. Cichlid.«, CLVIII.

aa. Anal Hpines 2 only; gills 3}, slit behind fourth small or none; pseudobranuhiat

well developed ; vertobrie 24 or 25 ; marine si>ecies. FoMACENTRli).a<:, CLIX.

1

i

t

m

1A12

liulh'tiii fj, f 'niltd Sttitfs Kalional }fuscum.

Fiiiiiily CI. VIII. CK'IILID.E.

(TliK Ciciil-ins,)

Hody <^1<<viit<Hl, ithlnii^ or •«loii){iit«s i-ovrr<<«l willi iiHMl(>rtite-Ni/«Ml Ni-alfM,
wliit'h mo iihuhII.v rtriioiti ; lutontl liiii> iiit«ti-riip(o<l, iiNiiiilly cuiiHiii^ ititpo
nite th<> poHtorior part <•)' tho ilorsitl, and tlit'ii r<'coiiiiii«>iiriii^ htwnr ilnwn
1*11 tli«voaii<l»l pi'iliuiolc; inoiitti varying in Hi/«s ti-rniinal, tli<> jawH with
rntlior Hniall t«)ut!i, wliich uro UHiially roniual, lint NoinoMinoM !«iliati' m
inuiHor-liko; no t«tetli on vonu>r or ]i»laUnu.s; noHtril Hint^lo <)n t^acli W\A\'\
pruniaxillarioH t'reoly prntraotile; maxillary Hlippin^ unthir the broad pn^
orbital; Kill lakorn varionn; gill nienibrunoH often rnnu«u-t(>)l ; dorHul I'm
Hinglo, with thf NpiuouH ]>ortion woll dovrlopud, nnnally bnt not alwavs
lunger than tho Hoft iiortion ; anal lln with W or nioru Hpinrn, tho Hott pari
Hiniilar to thu Hoft d<irHal; ventral llns thoracic, l,r>; lower pharynKml
boncH united into a trian^^nlar pi»ct>, with a median BUturo; brunt>hioNti>
f{alH5or (I; no pHondobranchitr; ^IIIh I, a> Hlit btdiind tho fourth; v«ti«<-
brie iu more or Iuhh increaHcd number, about 28 to 40; uir bladder proH«>nt.
A largo fandly of freNh-wuttu' IIhIioh of moderatu or Hnutll ni/u, ropreHentiiijr,
as to form, nI/o, appearanve, and hnbitH, and ov«tn as to many dotailHof
Htruot'in^ in the waters of South America, tho VtntrarvU'uuv of tho United
Htates. (ionera about 10; H])«uieH about 150, inhabiting thu rivers of Africn
and tropical America, tho genuH Uvtoh extending into tlit^ limitH of the
Tnitod States. Those with h>bate teeth are hcrbivorouH, the roHt carniv-
orous. The species here enumerated are but tho overflow of the vast river
fauna of South America. {Chroinitlva, (lilnthor, Cat., iv, 2«vl-3l6.)

a. Outer ({ill niTh noriiuil, wltli<iul ndilitionnl lolio ulinvoi MpinoiiH ixtrtion of itomHl lin
not Hliortcr tliaii Hol't |i(ii'tioii ; fiU\ rnkitrH Hliort kiiil toW; vortical liuib ut' lll'<^
ojiert'ld oiitire; Hcalei* of latcriit lino not cnlurKod.
b. Tt-utli all (M)nic.

c. Prnniiixilliiry very Krt'atly ])rotriictile; analsiiinoH 0; nnoul not lonK<^r llian
poHtorMtal ])art ot'hi'iid; |irtM)rliital narrow. rKTRNiA, iii;i.

ee. Proniaxillnry nioderntoly prutruotilu; vontralH iuaertwl behind oritjiu ol
dorNul.
({, JawH Hiiliei]unl.
e. Anal h|>1uoh 3.

/. Soft portion of dorHal and unni naked or Hcnlfd al linHe only;

caudal HcaUtd on baHal half; h>wur Jaw without diHtiu<'t

canincH; lower lip with a frenuni. /Kijcidenm, (114.

rr. Anal HpiuoH nioro than <1 (4 to 11), mouiu of tho teuth nauallv

onlarju;ed, often canine-like.

If, Lower lip with n frenuin, itH fold interrupted medially.

(*i(ni-AHo.MA,cir..

ijg. Lower lip without frenuni, forming a free fold for 'ts whole

extent. llEKOS, (llti.

dd. Jaws unequal, tho loww Jaw inclndod; anal apings 4 or 5j cleft of

mouth short; scales on <;heekH HUiall. TllBUAl's, *!17.

bb. Teeth not all conic, a series of incisors in front, with a band of villi form tvetli

behind them ; anal Hpinen 8. Kbetuoi'LUS, 018.

aa. Outer gill arch with a compreHsed lamelliforui lobe above.

h. Eye behind middle of head; Hoft dorsal entirely sealeloHs; fold of lower lip
interrupted in front; dorsal spines 13 to 15 ; anal spines 3 ; scales on cheek n
small. Satanoi'Isrca, Oil).

Jordan and livermann. I'ishis of North .Inurica. Irtl.'J

613. PETENIA, (iiliitli«<i.

/'.7i'>Wi>, (IOntiiru, (.'at. I'IhIidn, iv, :iui, \mi{»\tUniX\tUt).

I'ri-iiiikxilluiy oxlrciiiuly inutiuctllu; Niioiit luii^, liiit not l«>ii){iir lliuii
|iiiHturliltul puito*' li«>u«l; pmorbilul intrrow ; iimmiIIi olilii|iiti, tho pruiiitixil-
I iry on thu liivol til' Iowit tliinl ofryo; niiixilliiry roiicliing front uiiiiKin "f
y\\i\ tuulli itll coniciil ; ;;ill riiktMNNliortiiinl tVw ; |)i'i>u|H«rcItt ontiro; HciilrH
l.ir^c, thoHu of tlu> liUurul line not «inliirK««l. Vtmtrul iuNortutl ImUow ftoiit
rl' tlormil. Aniil HpinnMli. Sp»cioH :<, of (!untrul Aniuri<-a, Colonihiii, un«l
iiiirtliurn Itrit/ll. (Niiniulroni l^iikr IVtun, (!nti(«)niiilii, tlit<ori){inul luuulity
(.1 I'tliHin xiileiulUlu. )

IN1>7. I'KTKMIA Nri,»:\IHI>A, (iiiiilhitr.

ll«>U(l2ii;<lopth:<. It. 5; 1). XV, 12; A. V, 10; H(;al<'Hti-ll-17. Mi'iul <unK«-r
iliiin liigh; HnoiitconipruHHud, trian^^nlur; lo\v«>r,iiiw vitry prominent; Juwk
I Ntrt'nifly protriii;tilo, no that tlin Hiiout in not niiivh Hhortur tliiin liuiid
ulii'n jiiwH iiro protriuitud; prunmm-H uf iiitfrniitxillitriuH <>\ton<lin){ back-
\\:inl to ntipu of niHik ; lon);tli of nian«lilil»H 'I tliat of lunul. 'I'liu );n<ut«tr
|iiii'tion of maxillary not covurtMi by ))rooi Itital, and tixtunding boyond vor-
lical from ct^ntor of orbit; oaclijaw arnuMl witb a band of viliiform tuutb,
I lit) onturHoriuH containing rath()rlar^«*r conical forth; prttorbital niirruwur
than orbit, thu diamotur of whi(3h iH ,'; or } lon^rth of bea<l; inturorbital
H\r,\vo very convex, an widu hh, or widor than, orliit. (iiU mumbran*-8
iMiit«^tl below throat, and not attached to iHthnniH ; llrHt branchial arch with
i:> anterior prominenccH. DorHal fin comnu^ncin^ at vortical from root of
;i(M'toraI, itH sp'ncH of moilcrato length and Htren^th, iucrutiMin^ in length
to the seventh which ia ii that of head ; iiOHterittr Hpineu a little lonj^er than
middle onen; soft doFHal and anal rather elevated, extending to, or nearly
to, rcot of caudal; anal HpincH Htrong, ) length of head; caudal rounded,
i ts length rather more than ,', of total ; free portion of tail longer than high ;
pectoral extending to tlrHt anal s]dno, the ventral to vent; dlHtance of
\ent from ventral nearly i length of head. Scales on cheek iu abinit 7
HerieH. Greeninh, Hhining golden ; head, body, and vertical finu with black
(lots; a HericH of (> (»r 7 large round black HpotH along middle of Hide, tiie
last Hpot edged with white and situated un upper half of root of caudal.
Length Hi inches. Lake Poteu, (juutemala. (Uiinther.) (HplendiduH,
sliming.)

I'llniia tjUendiila, (JCntheh, (.'at. Fishes, iv, 301, 1S02, Lake Peten, Ouatemala (Coll.
Salviu) ; OUnthkk, FIhIi. Cuntr. Am., 40U, pi. 70, tig. 'J, 1860.

614. .^QUIDENS, Kigenumnn A: Ihay.
.K'HiideHS, Kioenmann \. Huay, Ann. Ac. Sol. N. Y. 1804, 016 {tHramerut).

This genus includes those species allied to Aatrouotiia, which have 3 anal
H])ineB, the soft dorsal and anal naked or scaled at base only, no canine
teeth, and the lower lip without frenum. Rivers of South America; the
species rather uumnrouB. (wquus, o(\ualj donA, tooth).
3030 18

.'■ L

wmm

1514

Bulletin ./7, United States National Museum,

ISDN. Ji':({UII>KKS t'tKIlULKUlMiiMTATlIN (Knei & St«iii(1u< hner).

Head rather more tliaiiH; depth^i. D. XV, 10; A. Ill, 8; Bcalcfl 2'-27-!i.
(ireutest Lreadth of head | its length. Nape curved, protile of htioih
ntraight. Width of interorbital spaco I lengtli of head, and more thim
that of snout. Snout broad, moderately elevated; width of preorbit;il
scarcely more thaw diameter of eye. Cleft of mouth slightly oblique, \\u\
reaching vertical from orbit. Fold of lower lip interrupted in middli .
Lower limb (»f preoperculum inore than \ length of posterior limit. Oniv
8 series of scales between throat and root of ventral. Dorsal ispinoB oi
n'odorate strength, gradually increasing in length posteriorly, lengtii nl
ninth more than ^ that of head; middle of so't dorsal and anal })roductMl
and extending beyond middle of caudal, which is rounded; pectonl as
long as head, reaching only to origin of anal ; ventral filament rather loni^.
Three series of scales on cheek. Body »vith 4 or 5 indistinct cross bauds;
a largo black blotch on middle of sides, and traces of a second on root i>r
caudal; each scale on side of head and chest with a bluish spot. Length

5 inches. Kio Chagres, Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of Panama. (Km r

6 Steindachuer.) {caruleus, blue; j.unctatus, dotted.)

Aeara coerideopvnctata, Kneb & Stkindachn'kr, Sitz. bayor. Akad., 222, 1803, Rio Chagres,
Isthmus of Panama ((Joll. Salviii) ; Knkii & S'i'EiNnAriiNEit, Abhnmll. bayer. AUiiil.
Wi88., X, tab. 2, flg. 3, 1864 ; GCnther, Fisb. CVutr. Am., 449, 1869.

\\ -i

iw-i

s;'i"'t

615. CICHLASOMA, Swainson.

Gichlaioma, Swainsson, Nat. Hiitt. CIush'ii FiHbei«,ot(;., n, 2l<0, 18U9 (punctatuii=^bimaculatii'<i
Archocentni*, Gill, I'rot;. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phib>. 1877, 188 {centrarchut).

This genus contains those species p'lied to Astronotus, which have 1 to
11 spines in the anal tin, the dorsal and anal not closely scaled and (lie
lower lip interrupted mesially to form a frenuni. Species very numerous,
chiedy South American. (Cicft/«, a related genus; (Jft>/<(r, body ; w/^A;/, a
thrush; the name Ciehla and its synonyms, Turdua and jVwHZa, transforreil
by early authors to Labroid lishos.) The following analysis of specie.s has
little Value. A natural arrangement will be possible only after a detailed
comparison of the various forms :

Clt»M.\8()MA:

a. Axial fin moderate, its spives 4 to 9 in number.

h. Anul 8))inoa4; body ratber .slender; Hideu'witb a broad, dark lateral band. Dor
sal rays XVI, Vi. kectangulake, 1890.

bb. Anal spines .'i, occasionally 0.

e. Dorsal ray« mostly XVI or XVII, 11 or 12.
({. Ueptb less tlian ^ lengtli of body.

IIAUTOM; (JOBMANNI; SIEWOLDI ; IN
TEKMEUIUM; ANGULIFEKl'M, 1900-1904.

dd. Depth about 4 length of body.

FKNESTRATl'M ; MONTEZDMA, 1905 ; 1900.

ee. Dorsal rays XIV or XV, 12 or 13; depth of body IJ in it« length.

MACKACANTHUM, 1907.

bbb. Anal spines 6 to 8, rarely 5 or 9.

c. Depth of body about J its length.

I'AIIMA; MAllOARrf IFERDM ; SPILtHUM; LONdl
MANUS; HIFASCIATUM ; IIKLLBKI, 19u8-19k

v

-!t.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of Norlh America, 1515

ce. Depth of body 1«8j4 thnn J its length, 2^ to 3 in length.

llALTEArrM; ROSTIIATUM; MKLANOPOQON ; MBLAM'RITH ;
NKnUI.IKKKrM; I.ENTIUIN08UM ; UBfPIl, 1014-1020.

ARi'HOCENTRUS (ap^ot, nnilB; Kivtpov, Hpino) :

aa. Anal tin very loni;, it.s spinvH lU ur 11 in niitnlierj (lei>tli nliout | length.

/. Aniil tin with 7 soft iuy«. NiuKOFAacurusi! multisI'INOshm, 1021; 1922.

SS- Aual fin with 0 soft riiyH. cemtuaucuuu, 1023.

Subgenus CICHLASOMA.

INOO. CK^IILAKOKA KIXTAXJl'LAUK (Strimlucimcr).

Head ?,\\ depth 2^. D. XVI, 18; A. IV, 11 ; 8( alcH ;W-21 ; eye 4:( in bead,
2 in snout; 7 series of scales on tlieek. Lower lip interrupte«l ; outer teeth
large, somewhat ciinino-like, their tips brown; maxillary n^aching front
of eye; premaxillary moderately protractile; profile depressed iM^fore eye,
which is in the middle of length of head; back considerably arched; sub-
orbital deep, \\ times eye. Dorsal spines ratlier low and strong; soft
dorsal and anal luvxlerately h.':^h and pointed ; vcntrals longer than pec-
toral, 3); in head; anal spines graduated; soft dorsal and anal with small
scales at base ; caudal rounded. Color dark brown ; a narrow brown ver-
tical streak on each scale i>osteriorly ; abroad biackish baud beginning
behind the eye, running backward along the body to opposite lir.st soft ray
of anal, then turning abruptly uitward to base of dorsal, forming a right
angle ; a large black blotch at base of caudal ; soft dorsal, anal, and cau-
dal with alternate rows of yellow and dirty blue spots on the membranes.
I'ins mostly bluish, dotted with black. Length 7A inches. Mexico. (Steiu-
dachner.) Not seen by us. {rectanyiilaris, right-angled.)
Acara rectangularis, Si'SiNDAriiNEii, Chromiden Mejicos, 1, 1804, Mexico.

19U0. C'lCiiLASOXA BAUTONI (Heiin).

Head 2J; depth 2^. D. XIV, 11; A. IV, 9; eye 4i to 5 J in head, or 2 in
snout; interorbital width li in snout; scales 5-34-11. Larger examples
with nape strongly arched. Mouth very oblique; lower Jaw jirojectiug,
maxilla not reaching vertical from front of eye. Length of upper jaw
* that of head. Teeth in jaws; frenum of lower jaw distinct (in type
specimens) in bands, outer series much enlarged and brown at tips; head
of vomer much enlarged, but toothless; palate without teeth. Scales
on cheek in about fi series. The dorsal beginning over gill opening, lirst
spine very short, second somewhat longer, length of spines gradually
increi.8ing backward, last and longest one nearly J length of head ; longest
soft rays (third and fourth) nearly i as long as head; spines of dorsal
rather slender; anal origin nearly under beginning of soft dorsal; fourth
anal spJne nearly ^ as long as head; longest anal ray (fourth) more than
A as long as head ; least depth of tail equals length of snout; middle caudal
rays slightly longer than longest anal ray; pectoral nearly reaching to
above origin of anal, and ventral reaching to vent; lateral line inter-
rupted under fourth soft ray of dorsal and begins on median line of tail
at a distance below upper lino a little greater than diameter of eye. Color
purjdish brown; from head to tail a broad dark band, more or less broken
up into sei)arate blotches, tht; last of which is very distinct at base of tail ;

i

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i

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lit;

1516 Bulletin 4.y, Lhiitcd States National Museum,

m

fins dusky. In a spuoimen about 5 inches \ow^ the cheolis an<i suoiit iiro-
fusrily covered witli niiuiito roiindiHh brown dots, t'oiir specimens, \\\ to
7 inches long, collected in llau/tecu I'otosina, a region situated n<»rth of
Guunnjuato, in 8au Luis I'otosi, Mexico, (licuu.) (Named for liarton A.
Itean, assistant curator of ichtliyology in the United States Natioiiul
Musuuni, a conscientious naturalist.)

Acara hartoniy')^.\\. ISban, Proo. U. S. Nnt. Mux. 189'J, 280, Hauzteca Potosina, San Luis
Potosi, Mexico. (Ty|>e,N<>.4U7U5. Coll. All'rtdo Dugvs.)

1001. CirilliASOMA (JOUMANM ((iiiiitlioi).

Head « to 3i; depth 2f. 1). XVI or XVII, 13 or 12; A. V, 9; scales
5-3'{-13. Head as high aa long; snout rath<^r elevated; preorbital wider
than orbit; ]>rolilc of nape nuich curved; cleft of mouth rather narrow,
horizontal; jaws «>qual anteriorly; maxillary not extendiug backward
to v«>rtical from front margin of eye; the (i front teeth of outer scries
the longest, deep brown; nape elevated; orbit <"OU8iderjibly below upper
profile of head; opei'cles scaly. Dorsal and amil fins very slightly scaly
at base; spinous dorsal low, length of twelfth spine ^ that of head; soft
dorsal and anal somewhat jiroduced, extending beyond root of caudal;
free portion of tail somewhat higher than long; caudal snbtrnnca ted, i,
total length; pectoral shorter than head, but rather longer than A'cntral,
which does not extend to vent. Head grayish olive; checks and liody
reddish olive; an irregular blackish band proceeding from above pec-
toral to 'A black spot in middle of root of caudal ; a black spot above
origin of lateral band; opercles, back, and vertical fins with black dots.
Length 7 in«'hef>. (Guatemala. (Giinther.) (Named for its discoverer,
Mr. Godp\AU.)

Heros godmanni, GUnther, Cat. Fishes, iv, 296, 1862, Rio de Cahabon, Guatemala (Cull.
Godiuan \ Salviii) ; Gt)NTHER, Fishes Ceutr. Am., 466, pi. 74, fig. 5, 1869.

19U2. (;u;ilIiASOMA NIGBOLDIl (Kuor \ Steiudachner).

Head 3; depth 2^^; eye 4 to 5 in head. D. XVII, 11; A. V, 8; scales 33.
Body oblong, the back not much elevated; the head bluntly and evenly
convex; cleft of mouth terminal, not very low, as long as eye; lip
rather vague, its folds interruiited ; 10 or 12 teeth in outer row iu each
Jaw, these larger than in most related spi^cies, somewhat coni])rcssed,
and with deep brown tips; 5 rows of scales on cheek; preorbital as
broad as eye. Dorsal spinas rather low, the soft rays somewhat poiuted ;
caudal rounded ; pectoral short, 1^ in head ; ventral about the same. Clear
brown, somewhat darker above; middle of each scale with a small black-
ish spot, these forming a dusky line along each row of scales; about S
dusky crossbars formed of 2 or 3 vague, partially confluent dusky
shades, the lowest of these shades above level of pectoral, forming an
obscure row of blotches from gill opening to base of caudal ; dorsal, anal,
and caudal with distinct dusky spots arranged in cross rows; paired fins
with black specks but not spotted; jjouui blo,ck spots on sides of head.
Length 5 to 8 inches. Known from 11 specimens from New Grenada and
from the west slope of the peninsula of Tanama. (Kuer &. Steindach-

Jorda n and Evcrma n n . — Fishes of North A m erica . 1517

nor.) This fish is proh&bly not flnftlcioiitly distinct from C. yodmanni.
((Jiinther. ) (Named for rrofossor von SiH>old, of Vicnnn, author of a
work on the Fishes of Austria.)

Uerntneholdii, Knkr &. Stbindaciingr, AMiantll. l>nyor. Akiul. WIhr., x, 13, 1864, pi. 2, fltr. 2,
New Grenada ; GOntiik: Fisb. Ccntr. Am., 400, 1869.

loot. nCilliASONA INTERMEDIUM (Oiiiitlicr).

Head 3i; depth 2^ D. XVII or XVri, 11; A. V or VI, 10 or 8; scales
5-32-13. Head as hi^h as long; preorbitiil rather wider than orbit; eye
not very remote from profihi of nape, which is <'urved ; cleft of mouth
lather narrow, horizontal ; Jaws ecpial anteriorly. Base of soft dorsal and
anal with scarcely any scales; dorsal spines of moderate length and
Htr.nigth, length of twelfth i or nearly ^ that of head; soft dorsal and
anal extending slightly beyond root of caudal; free portion of tail not
(liiito so long as high: caudal snbtruncated, its length \ of total; pectoral
Hliorter than head, but rather long«)r than ventral, which extends nearly
to vent Fold of lower lip interrupted in middle; .^) or T) series of scales
on check. Brownish, lower parts red in adults; abroad angular brown
liand on t nnk, its horizontal branch extending from gill opening to ver-
tical from first anal spine, while its vertical )>ranch ascends to hinder
•loi'sal spines; each scale within this band with a black vertical streak; a
ratlier narrow brown band running from angular band to a blackish spot
at root of caudal; vertical fins with whitish ocelli, inclosed by reddish
streakt). Length 6 inches. Tiake I'eten. (CJiinthor.) (iiitermediua, inter-
mediate.)

Items intermedint, (JCntiier, Cat. Fishes, iv, 298, 1862, Lake Peten (Coll. Gmhiiaii & Sal-
viii); (iliNTHKii, Fish. (;pntr. Am., 408, pi. 78, (Ig. 1, 1809.

i !

1004. CiniLASOMA ANflULIFERlIM (Giiithcr).

Head Vr, depth 2L D. XVII or XVIII, 10; A, V, 8; scales 4-3:{-12.
Head as high as long; preorbital scarcely wider than orbit; eye not very
loiiioto from profile of nape, which is slightly curve<l; cleft of mouth
rather narrow, horizontal; Jaws eijual anteriorily; maxillary not extend-
ing backward to vertical from front margin of eye. Dorsal and anal fins
not scaly ; dorsal spines of moderate length and strength, length of twelfth
}; that of head; soft dorsal and anal extending to root of caudal; free por-
tion of tail as long as high; caudal subtruncate<l, its length not quite ^^
total; ]»ectoral shorter than head, but longer than venti-al, which does
not extend to vent. Fold of lower lip interrupted in middle; 4 series
ol scales on cheek. Brownish olive, with a broad angular black b.and on
ti link, its horizontal branch extending from eye to vertical from first anal
s])iiie, its vertical branch ascending to hinder dorsal spines; some scales
within the band and on o]>orcle8 with a black dot; a round blackish blotch
on root of caudal fin. Length 4 inches. Guatemala. (Giiiitber.) (aiigu-
Ihs, angle; J'cro, I bear.)

Ilirni anfiulifer, OdNTnEU, Cat. Fishes, iv, 298, 1802, Yzaba'., Guatemala (Coll. Godiiian
&. Salvin) ; GCntukh, Fisli. Ceiitr. Am., 469, pi. 85, flg. 1, 1809.

\

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(,'* I," sr^r''',»»''77'V' T7~'W'7VT'''^'''^^T^^

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1518 DnUetiti 4y, United States National Museum.

l»or>. CiniLASOMA FKNESTKATITN (Giiiither).

Head 3; depth 2. 1). XVI or XVII, 12; A. V or VI, 9; bcuIch 14-:W-i:{.
Yi'rtclirii) 14-fli>- II«\a(l as high as long; snout of moderate oxtont,
slightly elevated, the )>reorbital somewhat wider than orbit; cloft ol
month Hniall, horizontal. Jaws e(|ual anteriorly; eye below nppor profile,
noarnr to oxtromity of snout thnn to that of operculum; interorbital
space ronv«!x, wider than orbit. Vortical fins very slightly scaly iit baHc;
dorsal Hpiues moderately strong, length of twolftli \ that of head; the soft
dorsal and anal pointed, their points not extending to middle of caudal;
caudal rounded ; distance between dorsal and caudal less than grcatcNt
depth of free ])ortion of tail; pectoral shorter tlian head ; ventral pointed.
Fold of lower lip interrupted in middle; ,'> series of scales on check.
Brownish green, with ft dark cross bands, less distinct in old individuals
than in young ones, crossing a deep-black Icmgitudinal band which runs
from above pectoral to mid lie of root of caudal; vertical and ventral
fins blackish, darkest at base and margins. Length G inches. Kivers of
southern Mexico, (fenestraiiis, with window-like or lattice-like nuirkings. )

Chromii fenettrata, GOntukb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1800, ItlH, Rio de la Lana, Mexico.

(Coll. M. Sail.-.)
IIeros/ene8tratna, (JltNTHEii, (Jut., IV, 280, 1862.

ki •

IWOO. CICIiLAKUMA MONTEZUMA (llockol).

D. XVI, 11; A. V, — ; lateral line 30. Fold of lower lip interrupted in
middle; 5 sc^ries of scales on ch(^ek. Body with C dark cross bands, the
last around root of caiulal and marked with a black spot. (Ileckcl. )
Mexico. A scarcely known species. (Moute/.uma, the lost king of tht;
Aztecs.)

lTfto$ monti'ZHina, Heckici,, JSiiiHil. FluBsFisclie, 38;i, 1840, Mexico; GOntheh, Cat., iv,
2it6, 1862.

:»07. CK'liLASOMA MA<'RA(M\TIIIJM (Giiuthur).

Head 3; depth l.i. D. XIV or XV, 12 or 13; A. V, 9 or 10; scales
5^-31-15. Head rather higher than long, r.apo convex, but upper profile
showing a slight concavity abovo snout. Snout of rather considerable
extent, height of preorbital I more than width of orbit; cleft of mouth
slightly oblique, preorbital almost covering posterior end of maxillary,
which does not attain line of front margin of eye ; jaws rather protractile,
armed with a broad band of villiforra teeth, those of outer series enlarged;
interorbital space convex, nearly twice width of orbit; eye somewhat
nearer to end of operculum than to that of snout; base of soft dorsal and
anal with a few small scales; dorsal and anal spines strong; first dorsal
spine a little before vertical from upper end of gill opening; twelfth dorsal
spine a little less than \ length of head in adults, fifteenth longest, and
more than | length of head ; soft dorsal and anal much «devated, middle
rays produced; caudal rounded; ]»ectoral rounded, aboiit as long as head;
first ventral ray slightly prolonged; free i)ortion of tail nearly twice as
deep as long. Lower lip interrupted in middle. Scales on cheek in 5
series. Creenish or brownish (dive; fins t>lack; a more or less distimt

Jordan and F.vcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1519

Mack Hpotoii root of caiidiil tin, above lateral lino. Iminatiiro individuals
with (i very indiHtinct dark crosH bandH, the tbird of wbich baa a blackiub
hlotcb below lateral line; an indistinct blaclciHli npot at root of caudal iin.
iiougtb 9 inches. Chiapas and Huamncbal. (Uiinther.) (i«aK/3()$, large;
ixnavfia, spine.)

\lero inacrneanthut, ODnther, Prod. /ool. .Soc. Loud. 1804, l.'>:i, Chiapas and Hua-
muchal; UnNTiiBK, FiHlum ('ciitr. Am., 451, 1800.

1008. (!H:illiANONA PAK.HA ((iiiiitlu<r).

I read .3; depth 2. D. XVII, 12or 13; A. VI, 9or 10; .ales 5-31-13. Head
rather higher than long, witli the nape very convex in adults; snout of
moderate extent, compressed, nior« or less elevated, much longer than eye;
(loft of month slightly oblicine, Jaws equal anteriorly, and maxillary hid-
ileu below preorbital, not extending to below front niivrgin of orbit. Jaws
rather pr(»tractile, armed with a broad band of villiforui teeth, the teeth
(if the (Uiter soiies being enlarged; preorbital wider than orbit; ir.teror-
liital space very convex, wider than orbit; eye nearly in middle of length
of head ; base of soft dorsal and anal with a few small seales ; dorsal spines
of moderate length and strength, length of twelfth rather l«>ss than k that
of head in adults, and exactly .1 in young ones; soft ditrsal and anal ele-
sated; caudal rounded; pectoral rounded, not mueh shorter than head;
outer ventral ray prolonged, less so in young individuals; fold of lower
lip interrupted in middle; 5 or 0 series of scales on cheek. Brownish or
jrreenish olive, with 7 very indistinct dark cross bands. The specimens
from Guatemala have a large Idack blotch on middle of root of caudal,
i'ins dark brown in the adult, lighter in the young, and with a few scat-
tered dark dots. Length iMnches. Mexico and Guatemala. (Giinther.)
{pur ma, a shield.)

lleros panna, <K3ntiieb, Cat. Fishes, iv, 285, 1802, Mexico and Guatemala; (JI'inthkh,
FiHlies Ceiitr. Am., 449, 1809.

inOt). UUIILASOMA MARflARITIFERUM(Giiutlier).

Head 3; depth nearly 2. 1). XVII, 11; A. VII, 9; Scales 5-31-13.
Head rather higher than long; ii fleshy hump on nape, whicdi is prob-
ably a character of mature age; snout compressed, rather high, of mod-
orate extent, its length contained 2Jr in that of head; preorbital mueh
wider thiin orbit, the diameter of which is i length of snout; cleft of
mouth slightly oblique, with lower jaw a little prominent beyond upper;
maxillary hidden below ])reorbital, not extending to front margin of
eye; jaws protractile, armed with a broadish baud of vHliform teeth,
those of the outer series the larger; eye nearer to extremity of operculum
than to that of snout; scales on check not much smaller than those on
opercles; a few small scales at base of soft portions of vertical tins.
Dorsal spines of moderate strength and length, length of twelfth con-
tained 2^ in that of head ; soft dorsal and anal somewhat elevn cod in
middle, extending to base of caudal; free portion of tail as long as high;
caudal flu slightly omarginato, with lobes rounded, i total length ; pec
toral shorter than head, extending to third anal spine; outer ventral ray

m

1620

Biilleiin ^7, United States National Museum.

8 ^'1

Hi

produced into 11 ahort Ulument. Fold of lower lip slightly interrupted in
middle; 5 or 0 serieH of Hcales on ciieok. UrowiiiBli olive, with 7 hiack
croBH handa; the first in front of dorsal iin; second to fifth helow bpinouH
dorsal, partly extending on fin; the sixth lielowond of dorsal; the sevcntli
across free portion of tail; osich of tlieso cross liands lius uunierous jx'url-
colored spots; root of caudal with a hlackish spot. Length G^ inclicH.
Guatemala, (margtmta, ^npyapiTy}%, pearl; fero, I hear.)

Htrot margariti/er, (iOntiikh, Cut. FIhIm-h, iv, 287, 1802, Lake Peten, Guatemala (Cull.
Godnmn &. Salvin) ; GOnyheu, FiHlieH (Joiitr. Am., 450, pi. 71, flj;. 2, 1800.

1010. ClOllliAMONA NPILVIIDN (OiUithcr).

Head nearly 3; depth 2. D. XVIII, 10; A. VIII or IX, 7 or 8; scales
4^29-11. Head a little higher than long; snout of moderate extent, its
length i that of head ; diameter of eye f length of head, « that of snout,
and less than width of iuterorbital space, which is convex; eye situatod
bidow upper profile, a little nearer to extremity of operculum tlum to thai
of snout ; proorbital as wide as orl)it ; cleft of moutli very narrow, scarcely
ohliquo, with .jaws equal anteriorly; opercles scaly; vertical fins scaly at
Itase; dorsal Hpiues of moderate length and strength, length of twelftli
contained 2^ in that of head; points of soft dorsal and anal extending to
middle of caudal; caudal rounded; distance between dorsal and caudal
h'tm than depth of tail ; pectoral nearly as long as head, extending to
fourth anal spine; outer ventral ray prolonged into a short fHanuHit.
Fold of lower lip interrupted in middle; 4 series of scales on cheek.
Greenish olive, with 9 dark ventral bands; a large ronndish black spot on
middle of root of caudal; no spot on temple; caudal and posterior part
of dorsal and anal with whitish spots. Length 3^ inches. Rio Montagnn,
Guatemala. (Giinther.) (ottiXo?, spot; ovpd, tail.)

Ileros ajnlurvs, GDnthrk, Cnt. Fislios, iv, 289, 1802, Rio Montagua, Guatemala (Cull.
Salvin) ; QUnthbr, Fishes Contr. Aiu., 451, pi. 73, lig. 1, 1809.

Iilail

■j'ce

wliiil

on CM

inilil

illc

iiH'lil

//-•nil

<4

H .

1'^

:;||;

1011. CICHLASOMA IiO>0IXANUS (Oiinthcr).

Head 2? ; depth 2^. D. XVI, 10 ; A. VI, 8 ; scales 4^-28-12. Head rather
longer than high; cleft of month slightly obliciue, with lower jaw promi-
nent; upper profile of head straight; .jaws moderately protractile ; max-
illary not extending to vertical from front margin of eye; preorbital an
wido as diameter of eye, whii.u is somewhat less than width of iuteror-
bital spac4«, and more than i length of head; eye immediately hencatli
upper profile of head, and a little nearer to end of operculum than to that
of snout ; dorsal commencing vertically above scapula, the spinous portion
having its upper mai'gin convex, spines slender and long, fifth and sixth
the longest, i length of head; soft dorsal and anal having middle rays
somewhat longer than others, and reaching to about middle of caudal ;
soft anal slightly scaly at base, soft dorsal scarcely or not at all scaly;
anal spines shorter but somewhat stronger than those of dorsal ; caudal
slightly emarginate; pectoral ver.v long, slightly longer than head, and
extending nearly to end of anal; ventral with outer ray produced into a

Jordan and livermann. — Fishes of North America. 1521

Ulainout; distaiico between vent and root of vcntralM \ length of head.
'locth in jiiWB Huiall, cardiforni, forming n bund, thoHo of outer Heri«>H Honie-
wliiit larffer than others; fold of lower lip int«u-rn|>ted in middle; Hcalca
(III oheek in 3 or 4 series ; sdiilcH on operclus largo, dlroenish olive, with an
iiiiliHtiu*;t blackish band running from orbit to a largo black spot on mid-
dle of side; dorsal fin with nnnierons round whitish Hpots. Length 5^
ituthes. Lake Nicaragua. (Oiinthor.) (lo/it/Hs, long; manxa, hand.)

lletm l(m;iimannH, (H^NTHEit, Fish. Cuutr. Am., 453, pi. 72, llg. 2, 1800, Lake Nicaragu':.
(Coll. Uapt. Dow.)

1912. CK'HLANOMA BIFAKt'IATUM (Steiiiilaclinnr).

Head ^•, depth 2i. 1). XVII, l.S; A. VI, 9; scales 35-20. Body oval,
iiiodonittfly compressed, the back regularly arched; head bluntish; eye
5 in head; 5 or 0 rows of scales on cheeks; preorbital broad, nearly
twice eye; mouth small, upper lip thickish; lower thin, disappearing
II iiteriorly ; teeth rather strong ; vcntruls pointed, 4i^ in length ; pectoral 4 ;
dorsal spines rather strong; soft dorsal and anal pointed; caudal rounded.
Color reddish yellow; naked parts of head violet blue; 2 broad black
longitudinal bauds along sides of body, tliu upper ending at last ray of
Koft dorsal, the lower running from angle of opercle to base of caudal,
tlio upper band broadest; ventrals yellowish gray, other fins dark brown
with round dark-blno spots on the membranes of the soft rays. Length
it I inches. Mexico. (Stoindachuer.) (hifanciatiin, two-banded.)

Iltrtin hifaiciatut, Stkindaciineii, Chroinidon MojicoH, 4, 18(»4, Mexico.

10i:t. CICHLASONA IIKLLKRI (SUandachncr).

Head 3; depth 2; eye 3i in head. D. XIV to XVI, 10 to 12; A. VI to
VIII, 8 or 9; scales 5-31 or 32-14. Body short and deep, compressed, the
biu^k clevaLed, the snout sbsirp antl low, the i)rofilo deiiressed before eye;
4 or 5 rows of scales on cheeks. Outer teeth long and slender, pectoral
long, reaching sixth anal spine, about as long as head; ventral longer
than head, reaching last anal spine; spines high; soft dorsal and anal
])o!nted; caudal lunate. Color brownish, with 5 or 6 faint cross bands;
on the upper half of the third cross band a largo jet-black blotch where
it crosses a dark lengthwise stripe from upper edge of gill o])nning to base
of caudal; a round dark blot<'h on sulioperclo; cheeks usually with large
Idue points; dorsal and anal with dark-bine spots; caudal brownish,
unspotted, but with dark spec^ks; a narrow dark cross band at base of
caudal. Length 5^ inches. Rio Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. (Steindachner.)
(Named for its discoverer. Prof. Karl Heller.)

Ih'rott helleri, STEiNltAruNKR, Cliroinideii Mojicos, 8, 1864, Rio Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.

i:ni. CIUIILASOMA IIALTEATl'M ((ill! &, BrniiHford).

Depth rather more than 2^. D. XVIII, 10; A. VII, 7. Head abbreviated
and snout convex above ani; almost subtruncated in front; caudal pedun-
cle little higher than long, and gradually diminishing to tail; length of
snout 2i times in that of head ; interorbltal area flat ; preoperculum mostly

.1 «

! )

';■

!

r.

I

!

' I

,1

III

%

I

•

M ^

ir)22 liulletifi ./7, V titled States Natiotiai Mttsemn.

vertical, but convoxly protuberant at anKlc: buccal ncales in 6 rowH; jaws
normally dovolopod; Hnpramnxillary terminating; at a vorticiul in front ui
orbit; lower lip indicated by an olmoloto told, wanting toward symphyHlN;
teetli in outer row moderately unlarged; dornal iin slightly devulojieil;
anterior HpinoR rather Hlowly gratluatcd, and the rest Hube«|ual; longest
soft rayH, when bent l)ack, extending to tonninal halt' of «^audal; anal tin
•commencing under about fourteenth dorttal Hpino; Hpint^N at tirHt rapi(ll\
and then gradually incroaHing in length barkward; hmgest Hoft ra,VM,
when bent back, reaching second third of caudal fin; caudal fin ^)^ tiiixs
in extreme length, an<l slightly euiarginated; pectoral tins reaching back-
ward to vertical of third aual spiiut, and tilamcntary rayn of ventral tins
extending to fourth or lifth anal HpiM*<. liack dneliniug rather slowly, and
in a gentle curve to tail, and in front of dornal boldly decurved to fort>-
head. Color (in Hpirits) yellowish orange; a rather broad black baml
extending from postocular region across operculum and shoulder, alonj;
flanks to spot at base of <-andal fin; buck in front of dorsal with a
Itlackiuh spot, and under 1)a8e of dorsal fin are more or less defined dark
areas or spots; dorsal fin dusky and immaculate, as are also the anal and
caudal; pectoral fnis yellowish at base and dusky beyond, and the yen
tral has outer rays dusky (but with edge of external lighter) and inner
yellowish ; Itranchiostegal membrane below orange or yellowish, and the
breast slate-colored. Lake Nicaragua. ((<ill tV liransford.) (halfealus,
belted.)

nerot baltfntun, (in-L \ I<i(AN!>Koni>, Vrm;. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liila. 1877, 184, Lake
Nicaragua.

1915. (ICIILASOMA UOSTKATITN (Gill & BrnnHtoKl).

Depth 2jt; caudal peduncle )( higher at base than long. Its greatest
height bears to its length the ratio of 10 to 8. Head acutely pointed, and
snout above rectilinear. Length of snout exceeds i that of head. Inter-
orbital area nearly flat. Preoperculum and clu-eks very oblique. Bucciil
scales in 6 rows. Jaws normally developed. Superior maxillary tisrnii-
natcs at a vertical a little nearer eye than snout, and the articulation of
lower jaw is notably in advance of eye. Lips moderately developed, and
lower one separated by a broad freuum at middle. Dorsal fin well
developed; anterior spines ra|>idly graduated, the rest subequal; the
soft rays, when bent back, extend a little beyond basal third of caudal.
Anal fin commencing under about twelfth dorsal spine, its first 4 spines
rapidly increase, and its last 2 moderately; soft part, when bent back,
extending a little beyond l»asal fourth of caudal. Caudal enters 4^ times
in extreme length, and is subtruncate, but slightly emarginated in middle.
Pectoral fins Avell developed and extending about as far backward as first
anal rays. Ventral fins have filamentary rays, which extend backward to
last anal spine. Back declines rather rapidly to tail, and in front of dorsal
is slightly gibbous. Color a bronzed olive, indistinctly crossed, at least
in the young, by 2 bands, 1 under dorsal and the other below its last rays;
later these fade out more or less, leaving of the first only a rather indis-
tinct dorsal saddle under median spines, and of the second a distinct black

ill'

m J

Jordan avd livvrwaiui. — Fishes of North America, 1523

M|iot b<^low ]iitf!r.'il ltiii<; n black H))<»t iiIho at haHo of ctuKlal tin, inoHtly
iiliove lateral lino; bn-ant aiul lo\v»r Hiit-fac<> of head broiix<Ml or ItlnrkiHli
Inward mutiirity; dornal at itH HpinouH part <1uhU,v and iniinaciilato, but
in itH Hoft (tortion tliverHiliiMl by diinky anian in H or 5 rowH. nnparatt^l Ity
'> Mi'ow li^lit int«)rHpac«H; anal nioro iitmrly nniforni, but ntill liaH a few
liLflit Np<itB; caudal reticulated by liri^;lit IntcrHpaccH on a duHky ^rroiind;
|ii'(rtoralH HpotloBs; vcntrah tlusky. Lake Nicarajjua. ((lill A' MrauH-
((irtl.) Fill rayH not described. The H]>ecicH Ih Haid to be cloHcly related
to llvrot ajDlnln, which has I). XVI, S or !>; A. VIII or IX, X or 7. (roHtrulu»,
I(in)j-nosed.)

lUff* ri>Mti-atiiii.V,\\.\. \ IJitANsKoiii), rroc. Ac. Niit. Sci. I'lillii. 1H77, 181, Lake Nicaragua,

I9I«. nrill.ANOMA MKIiANOrOOOK (Stciiiilixhiiflr).

Head :|!, ; depth 2\. 1). XVI or XVIT, IL'; A. VI, 0; scaleH O.l-.'JO-lU; eye
I in head; ])ectoral 4 in body. Fold of lower lip interru|)ted in inidtllo;
,") or (> aerioH of Hcales on cheek. Color rcddiHh brown, with I blacJc
lilotchch alonj; base of dorflal; another row of black blotchcH aloii); hI'Ic
lieliind )>ectoral reaching base ofcauduL; lower tiiiH with HpotH of niother-
ol-pearl, which also extend on the black blotchcH ; 2 black crosH HtreakH on
forehead. Length tUncheH. Central America. (Steiiidachnur.) (///:'A(r$,
Mack; 7rft>;'r«j>', beard.)

IfiroH mWrtno;)o,i70»i, STKiNDAruNEH, riiromidPii Mfjicos, 10, In Denksrlir. Akad. \\"\m.
Wieii, xxin, 1804, 72, laf. 1, ti^'. 3, Central America; (ii'NTHKii, KiHli.Cenlr. Am., 4.'iO,
1869.

1»17. nCIIIiASONA MELAMIKUM (Giinther).

Head nearly 3; depth 2^ to 2^. D.XVII, 11; A. VI, 8; Hcales 5-33-13.
Head higher than long; a fleshy hump on iiapo in l!ir<;o iudividualu;
Hiiout coinpn^ssed, rather high, of moderate extent, its length K or ^ that
of head. Preorbital wider than orbit; cleft of month oblique, lower jaw
,'<carcely prominent; maxillary not extending to vertical from front mar-
gin of eye; jaws protractile, arrae<l with a broad band of villiform teeth,
those of outer series the larger, and brown at tip. Eye as distant from
extremity of snont as from that of operculum. Scales on cheek con-
siderably smaller than those on opercles. Vertical fins scalelcss. Dorsal
Hpines of moderate strength and length, the length of twelfth ^ that of
liead; soft dorsal and anal extending somewhat beyond root of caudal;
Ireo portion of tail ne.irly as long as high; anal spines strong and long;
laudal rounded, \; total length; pectoral shorter than head, extending
nearly to origin ot anal liii; distance of vent from root of ventral }
length of head. Fold of lower lip subintcrrupted in middle;* .5 series of
scales on cheek. Orange colored or purplish brown, with a more or less
irregular d«^ep-black band uloug middle of tail ; sometimes a series of more
or less confluent black blotches on back. Mature individuals having
whole of lower ftarts of head, belly, and tail deep black; dorsal, caudal,
and pectoral orange colored or purplish brown, with Ji few scattered spots

to

* 'I'lio fold iH distinctly interrupted in spocinicns from 0 tolO inches Ion jr. while it npjiears
I be slightly uuuUuuuuh In yoiinj; individuals of :i to 4 iuchen in length.

I is

i

f

Iff

;1 i

1524 lUilldin ^7, United States National Museum.

]toHt«iriorl.v ; tiiinl iiikI voiitnil lilnrk.- Yoiiii){ <>xnin|tlrN liavo no hiack.
«'xco|>t tlifl bniid till tuil; their dorHiil HpiiioH proporlionnlly loiiKt-r, lon^'ili
nC twnirtli contuinnil 'J| in tliiit of lH<n«l. I<<>iigth 10 iiichuH. <)ii»t*>iiiii|ji
(Oiiiitlior.) (////lfr$, blank ; or/xr, tail.)

//«r<)« m«{aniirtM, OliNTilKH.Ciit. FIhIiimi, 'JQH, tHA2, Lake Peten, Ouattmala. (CdII. (iml
niiiii A Hnlvin.)

I9IN. (irilliANOVA M:iiriJKKKIIN((:itntlu<r).

Iload t; doptli 2ii. I).XVIII,12; A. VI. J>; hcuIoh (>-3r)-i:J. Hiwl an lii«li
aHloiig; Hiiont Hli^htly olevatod, ])rooi'hitiil witior tliiin orltit. Proflln of
nape ninrh curved. CMt^ft of month Hniall, liori/ontal; JawH 0(|nal anlni-
orly; intcrorhittil Hpaco convex, itH width e(|unl to 1.) diiimoter of oyo;
oporrlnH Hciily. DorHal iind anal flnn very Hliglitly Houly at liaHo, HpinoH oi
i\w former of niodi^rato HtnMifj;tli, Ifln^th of twelfth nonunvhat ItmH than 1
that of head. Soft dcMRal and anal not prodncod, and the fornier ni>t
oxtendinft to rootof candal randal tri;-,iratod; free portion of tail lon^r,.|'
than hifrh; prctorul nhortcr iiianhoad; ventral not prolongt'd. Kohl of
lower lip intcrrnptetlin middle; (> Korioa of NcaloH on cheek. (ireoMisii
olive; middle of liody <-londed with Itlackish, in the form of IndiHtind
vortical hands; a ronnd lilack Hpot in middle of rootof candal; the outer
partH of tinH MackiHh. Li^n^rth 7 iuchcH. Mexico. ((Siinther.) (nehuhi
clond; /fro, I bear.)

Vhfomit nchiiliOr. UCnthkh, Vj<h: AtwL Hm\ Loml. 18«(), n», Mexico (Coll. M. Sail.);
(•(^NTUKK, Cut. Fihlli>M, IV, 'Jfl7, 1802.

I»l». nCllliANOMA l,i:>TI»l^'OSDX (Stoin<la4!liner).

Head 3i ; depth L'.^ 1). XVII, 13; A. VI,!»; HcaloH 34-20. Bodycompara
tively elongate, comproHsed; the back ar<;hed, profile depri^HHcd before
eye; th(« nnont prominent, bluntiBh, sharp in the yonng. Anterior te«>tli
connidcrably enlarged. Kye rather behind middle of head, r^ in head; t!
rowH of Hcalcs cm cheek. ri'eop«'rclo rather broad. Ventrals ronndcd,
rather Hhort, not reaching vent; pectoral longer, 1 in head; npincH moder-
ate; Hoft dornal and anal pointed; caudal Innate. OlivaceouH, yellowiNli
below, base of each scale paler; 0 or 7 faint curved dark croaa bands;
Bid«'H of head and sides of body everywhere with snmll irregular scattere*!
brown specks, these especially numerous on opcreles; soft dorsal, anal
and candal with crossrows of dark spots; Sidnons dorsal with 3 faint
dark lengthwise streaks. Length K.( inches. Mexico. (Rteindachnor.)
{lentigittoant, warly.)
Jlerom lnUiginont$, Stkindacmnrk, Chromiilen Mejicns, 0, I8<M, Mexico.

1020. CiniLASOlHA DKPIMI (lleckel).

Head 3J; depth 3. D. XVII, 10; A. VI. 8; lateral line .30-17. FoM of
lower lip interrupted in the middle. Six rows of scales on cheek. The
length of the dorsal spines is J that of head. Brownish ; tail with 6 obso-
lete dark cross bands, the last with a black spot. (Heckel.) Mexico; a
scarcely known species. (Named for Mr. Depp.)
Heron dep2>ih Hkckbt., lirusil. Flud8-Fische,382, 1840, Mexico; GUnthrii, Cat., iv,206, 1KC2.

M'

Hi'

Jonian ami livcnnann. - /•'is/us oj North .Itncrim. 1W5

Subgenus ARCHOCENTRU8, <illl.
inVI. (inil.ANONA MKJItOI'ANnATlIN ((iiinllinr).

lliMul :i; 'loptli '.',<;. I), will, H; A. \, 7; nniUw l-L'U-M. IIcikI iim liifrli
;i-. lull);, with iipp«>i- proliloiuiivcx to Hiioiit, wlin-)' it Ih Htriti^lit. Snout of
iiiHili'i-iil«ioxt«-iit; widlli of prrorliitiil rqiiul (o llntt ot'urWil; oy««Koiii<<wliiit
III iii'iT to Olid of Hiioiit lliiui tu tliut of opui'uuliiiii, itH iliiiiiMitur coiiHiili'i-
iilily li'HH Miiiii witltli of iiiti^rorliitiil Hpiiro, luiil ] loii^tli of liuail; Juwh
fijiial ill Inigtii. Soft (loi'Hiil iiiitl liiiul tiim willi nourt^uly uiiy nimiIuh on tlioir
liiiscH, and more or 1<-hh prmluce*! in iiiiddlo, i\\\\ loiigcHt ruyH ri>aoliiiiK to
iiiiilillu of rniidul; dorBiil llii coiiiiiit>n<-iii){ in voitirnl from liiiiiit'iiiH, ilH
H|iiii)'Hof iiiod«-i'HteHti')>iiKtli, rather Hhort, li'ii^tli of tw<Oftli Hoinifwliat I)-hh
lli;iii \ that of hfud; aniil HpinoHaH ioiigiiH, but ratlntr Htroii^or tlian, thoHo
iiT (loi'Hal tin; caudal roiindt'd, r) total l«>iiKth; p«M'toral im loii^ iih head
wiliioiit snout, uxtoiidiiift tu Hurond or third anal H|iiiiw; vnitral hiit
sliulitly pr'Mliiced. Lower lip intcrriiptud in niiddio. SraloH on tdiock in

1 III' fi HorioH. Very dark-<-o!orrd; ground roior a dark MackiHh-piirpliHli
iiKiwn; ail arclio<l black band running from iinpt) round opitrciilar niar-
^iii to operoulnin; a Btscond nearly (;on<;ontri(! with liiHt, riiiiiiiii}{ from
ti;i|)o to behind pectoral and v«!utral; third Hhort, like a Hpol between
anterior duiHal HpineB and lateral line; the follow in); Niibvertiial, Hlightly
Inclined backward, and broader than iiiterHpaeeH between them; the
|M'iiiiltiinato connecting eiulH of dorsal and anal IIiih; the last aeroBs root
III' caudal; tins black. Length 3A inchi-H. Nicarafrua; known Irom Laken
Atitlaii, Aniutitlan, ami Nicaragua. (Uiintlier.) (nhjer, black; J'aaciohiH,
liaiided.)

Ilnim niijrofniinatm. GI'NTIIKU, FIhIi. Cviitr. Am., 452, pi. 74, i\\i,.,\, 1801), Lake Atitlan,
Nicaragua. (Coll. Salvin.)

1022. (iCHI.ANOMA MIILTIKPINONUM (<iiiiiMiir).

Head 3; depth 21. IJ. XVIII, 9; A. XI, 7; Hc^ales 1-29-12 Head as
(lcc|) aH long, with upper profile nearly Btrai^ht; snout rather short; width
of preorbital considerably less than that of orbit; eye situated immedi-
ately lielow upper profile, nearer to end of snout than to that of operculum;
ItH diameter a little less than ^ length of head, and much less than width
of interorbital space, which is flat; mouth with Jaws equal in length,
small, the maxillary not reaching vertical from orbit. 8uboperculum with

2 .series of scales; soft dorsal and anal fins scaly at base, scarcely pro-
longed, and not extending to middle of caudal; dorsal fin commencing
above humerus, its spines of moderate strength, and rather long, length of
ci^rhth to last spine being not much less than | that of head ; anal spines
stronger, and even a little longer than those of dorsal ; caudal fin rounded,
^ of total length ; pectoral shorter than head, extending to fifth anal spine;
outer ventral ray produced into a short filament; free portion of tail
twice as deep as long. Lower lip interrupted in middle. Three series
of scales on cheek. Brownish olive, each scale somewhat darker at base;
a blackish band, as broad as a scale, running from eye to a round black
spot situated before and below termination of upper part of lateral line;

I

mmiMfifmn

^1

«*!fW-

liS.

w

1520

HnHitiH //, ^ '///A#/ Sttilts A'tif/oHii/ .)hisiHNi,

thtMit'Mil. iHfuiiliiiiiml to rootiit'fiiuiliil iiH It H«<ri)-N of I «tr Ti irii'uiilur n|mi|x;
lliiN liliM-kiHli, ii|)pitroiill,v iiiiiiiitinlutA. liCiiKlli :(<! iiirlum. I.iiki' Maiiii^nt,
Oniititniiilu. (((lltiMior. ) (miW/Mm, iiiiiiiy ; nphiniiut, H|»iii)'il.)

H< loi miiltini'iuotiiM, lil'NiHKii, I'InIi I't'tilr. Am., 4.'>:i, pi 71, lit; '.', iMIItl, Lake Munii»Mi.i,
Uuutciiiulti ((.'till I'lipl. lioM.)

iiidii. nnii.AHonA r»:\Ti(Aiu'iii sdiiii \ iiniMNiuni)

noptli 'J. h. W'l.S; A. X.tl. ('tiilditl |MHliiiti'lt< Vfiy Nlioi't, Uh l||ti^||t
ut I'tMil hoiiiK Iwifo UM Kiofit iiH It JH loii^, uikI it nitiipiiiittivfly rii|Mtl|\
nnriowH to <-iui«liil ; ImmmI litiviiiK roi'r|it«iiil hII^IiIIv KililioiiN, ami niiihiI
I'lM'liliiiour hihI polnli'il in Iruiit ; li'ii>;tli ni' Hiioiit littio inoi-ii Miiui | tluii
of lit'tiil ; iiiti'iorliilal iiioii Nli^lilly nilmtil ; |iri«opor(uiliiiii tionil.v voiii(;i|
kikI III loi^lo liolilly roiiiiili'il ; liiictMil hciiIoh in 5 iowk; jiiwh iioiiniilU
«l««voItip«Ml ; Hiipritiiiik\illiM'y tuniiiiiaMiiK iitii viMlioiil alioiit u piipH'H Ion;;!!!
ill liilviiiH'o ol'ttyo; lipH iiiodtTutoly «l «vi<lop<*«l, llir Idwim' iiitiMiiipti'il m
iVoiit ; tiMtlli of oiittM' nnv ratli«<i' nIioiik; ttoi-Miil liii iiio«li<rat«>!y il<<V(<li>pi <| ;
iloiNal NpiiirN incriMiHo in a lobular, lioltl riiivi> I'loiii lirst to .■^ixtli, ami tin-
rolliiwiii^ nearly rqiuil; loii);<>Nt rayH, lioiit hiirUwanl, it\lonil lor Ini^th ni
liaHal liiilf ot laiiilal; iiiial liii v«<ry loii^ iiinl roniim'ticits iimlor niiitli ilm
Hal Npim>; HpimniH portli^n not iiincli Io.sh tlian :i tiiin^H loii^vr tiniisoli;
Ili'Ht ;t Hpiiit'M rapitlly ^railiiatt'd anil toll.iwiiif; on«<H noarly «>i|iial; lon^
««Ht Hol't rayH rt'ticliiii); ImcUwanl to trrininiil hall' of ftiinlal; cainliil im
t'orniH J of «>\troiiio Ini^tli, itn iiii^Ich roiinti ami tlio poNtiM'ior inari^iii
Hli);htly i>iiii(r^inat«>(l; poctoial lin uxttMitlin^ Itiickward nearly to v<-rii
('111 of lit'th or Nixtli anal Hpiiir; vnitral I'iiih also rrat-liiii^; to m>ail\
Haiiu^ point; parts al>ov«Miiiil ii«>!ow loii^itihliiial axis niMirly ('qualiy li.il
aiK'oil; Itai'k ilccliiitfH nio(l«>rat«<ly in a riirvo toward tail and in front oi
dorsal slightly, Itiit r«>);nlarly d(H'iirv«<d toward ron>li<>ad. ('olor l)r(lll/l^
(divo, with 7 indiHtinct rroHs liaiidH; at hiiHr of tail a faint npot, cliii'iiy
ahoyo lalrral lim>; IliiH diiHky and iiniiiui'ulat«>. I.ako NicariiKiia. ((Jill a
Itrnnsford.) (CenlroiThiin, a p'nii> of North Ainoricun HiinlirthoH, witiiinany
aiialspinuH; utvrmn', Hpiim; (f^»,pK, aiiiiH.)

lino* iiiitiuicliii», (in. I. \ IMlASHKOKIi, I'nu'. .\v. Nill. Sti. I'liilit. IH77, Ih:,, Lake
Nicaragua, Nicaraguu.

I'?'

1(1:

!

In

6i6. HEROS, llockid.

//iTi'Ji, IlKCKKi., Ann. Wi««iit'r. Miw. 181(1, ;i(i'J (uriwrun, <»!»•.; rcHtriiMi'd liy •liirilioi \- liil

liiM'l to tfi'cni*).
Uiiichthihi, H.viiii) \ (:i:(\itii, I'lof. .\i'. Niil. ,s<i. I'liilu. IH54, '^'i {fuaHonuttatun}.
Iloiihtrehui, K.\ci', W n < inaiiirH .Vrohiv 18(l(t, I'J!) iinntacniifhiiii).

Mody (ddon;;, » omproHsed, Honiowhat tdcvatod, tlio form ("ontrarehoiil.
Iload rather lar^o, scaly on tho chocks and opcrclcs; |>rcopcrclu eiitiir.
Month rather small, terminal, low, inodoratcly protractile, the jaws siili-
e(|ual, lower lip without fronuin, its fold hein^ uontiniions; niaxill.-iry
sinali; prcorbital deep; Jaws with a sinj^le series of rather stout ccnicnl
teeth, behind which, in front, is a narrow band of villiforin teeth, (iill
membranes slightly c(uniectcd, free from the isthnuis; ^ill rakers short ami
thick. Svales rather lar^e, ctenoid, the lateral line interrnpted and beg;iii

w-

JohUui i\mi livt'tnhtHii, lislns of Notlh .hmtim. ir»'J7

iiiiiK iiKiiiti hiOovv, iiH iiNiiitl III iIiIh riiinily. HoinuI lln coiitiiiiMMiN, tlia

|iiiiiiiiM piirt nil -ii loiittrr llimi tlio Nul't. |iiirl, ol' uImhiI 17 niMii'i low hut

lioii^ HpiiK'N; H«tli riiv'H iitiK-li lii^li)'!' tliiiii Hpiiii'M; uiiiil lln Hiiiiilni lu MtW

.IdiHitl lint Hliut'ltir, il.H N|iiiioiiH pitrt. iilno Imi^i^i limn Ititt hdII, ol' I In III

r<|)iiii'H; voi'tinil Huh not rUmrly niiiIui! ; ritiiiliil liii hiililriiiinil«, willi

kiiimiIimI iiiiKlt'N. 'I'liin ^'iwiiiH IIH Imm'o iimlcrHlnotl tliDtiiH fiuiii i'iihluHnma

I llir iiliHOiH'o III' rrfiiiiin to tlio lowi'i lip; llio iiiiitl HpiiiiiN uio ihimmmoiih

I lo I0)> lixf iiioiiMi not ^rtsilly prolnirMlo, iinil tlio ilormil tiiid una! I'iiih

lint cloNrly NCitliMJ. 'rill' I'liiiliirltirr* HOpiinitiliK f'ii lilitHoiiiii, llrroM, . 1:1/11 itiinii,

mil .hhiiiiuliiH HIT not of^riMit iiiiportai!i!i-, uml niav In* not wholly natiirul.

i:<(i'iiiil uiillioi'H liav«« iiiiiloil all iiiiilor om^ i^iiinii! iiuiih', .{HlmuotiiH. It

MioniH to IIH, liitwintii', iiiorii roiiv<niii-nt to rcio^ni/.o tJKmi- ^;roiipH uh iIIh-

iiiift Kiuiorii, UN a liifip towaiil llin ortit riy airaii^fiiiont ol' tin) ^n-at iiiaMH

ol Npi'riitH iiHiially I'l-rornMl to IhroH. ii\Mi an Miiih iiNti ictod, IIhiim in a

M'ly lari;o ^imiiim, takiiix in tlio livorHol' Soiilli Anniriru tlio plant lllloil

III North Anirrint hy l,ifi>otiii» iiiiil riOiilHil ^oniini. SpiirioH vi-ry niiniriiHiH,

I liiclly Soiilli Ani<tii<-an. 'I'lio Npirii h ol' thin ^iniis havii innttr hioii niti-

< iilly ronipari'il. {i/iK,>c., hnro, tlir aliiiHion not fviilimt.) 'I'lu) lollowing

iinalyHlH will hr t'oiind arlitiiMiil and of litllo vain*):

<i. Anal H|iiiir;i H ,»r II (riiri'ly 7).

h. lliirMiil I'livH \ VII I, II or III, Mriili'Mlll. riilKnHlinHTiiAi.i, IU-J4.

hh. DoiHitl rii.VM Wll, 10; NCillrx 'J1I. HAI.VINI, lU'.Ti.

Iihh. lloiHllI lU.VM X \'l, H orll; Hrul«M 'Jll. AKKINIM, ll»aO.

hlihh. DoiHIll lliyH Wl, II 01 rj; HillliH :m. MAITMI'INNIH, 1027.

i/rt. A mil HpliUM 7 (nirrly (lor H).

e. Miiily i'oiii|iiiriilivi'ly (|iiii|i, Mm iltiplli .J IIdi Ii'IikHi ; mtl't Huh oloviitt'il.

TKIMAOI'I.AII s, Kl'.'N.
fc lliHly uliloiiK, tliti ilnplli '1\ to 'JJ ill lliit li'iit{lh.

d. DorNiil Willi 17 (niriOy 10 or IK or III) Hpiiiim anil 11 or I'J Muli riiyH.

I'. MitltiH Willi lli« li|tH ^rrully Ihirkciii'il iiinl \ nrllrally oxpiiiiili'il -, Hriiltm
:i'.!. l.AiiiA 11 H, i.oiiii<'iiii,rH, IIIL'U, ItlUii.

ff. MaluH with the lipH not Knwilly lliirk*tiir<l nor I'xpiindtMl.

KIIVniUKIH, HAKII.AUIH. Nil AIIAdl'ICNSIH, MANAUI'KNHlH, DKIl IU;i4.

ilil . Dorntil Willi HI HpinrM uml Imt 1) or 10 huI'I luyH; hciiIcm :i:ii IiiumI 11 in
li'liuth. AIKKI H, 1!>;)5.

trc. Koily riillicr ili'up, tlioiltiptli 'JH in loiiKtIi; ilornitl ruyn N V I or XVII, \2.

< irKiNKi.Ms, lli:iii.
riu-r. lliNly t'oiiipuriilivtty I'loliKitlo, llio ili^plli :i in IdiikIIi, ilorHiil niyH XVIII, IK.

.MOIAIUK.NMIH, 10a7.

(ifiif. .Viiiil HpiiixH II (rnnly .'i or 7).

/. DorHiii iiiyH XVIII, II lo 14.

ij. Muily rntlivr i-li>n){iito, llii^ <li>plli Ii in liiiiKtli ; hciiIi<h Xi lo ^iri.

iiiii.o.Niirs, iiDVil, 10:i8, III30.
</;/. lioily riillM-r ilcrp, tlit' dcplli '2\ in li'iiul'i; hiiiIi'h 'M.

• lltnili KI'H, MirilOI'IITIIAKMI'H, 11)40, III41.

//. J>4irH»l rityH X\'l or XVII, 10, riinily II ; iluptli 'J^ to'Jj^ in htiiKtli; ii ilark Hjiot
ul ImHK of citmliil.
II. ('lllllllll Hpot oi'i'llllllt; no ItlUit HpolH; .scaloH 'JU. i;k()i>iitiiai..mi.'.s, 1U42.

hh. Catitlal Hpol ilifl'iiHit.

t. Itoily IiiiikIi-iI with dark; no bliit^ h]ioIh: HcaltiH;'.:!. 'rKOHf.'iiKi.i, 194:1.
ii. Body and Hdh with many Hiiiall blue HpotH; h<-iiIi!ii '_'5.

cYANoiiurrATn.s, 1U44.

I)

M

* A»tron«tu», Swaiiimin, IKIIO {ncrllotni) — Acara, Uuckul, 1840, aa ruulricteU by Gill,
la^H ~ llyijroi/umis, (juutlier, 18U2.

f

1528 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

u

I' >

t

I

i

s

I i K

aaaa. Aral Hpiiiea 5, rarely ur novor 6; dornal ruys XVI, 11 or 12.

j. Uody rather elongate, the depth 2} in lonKtIi ; Hciilus 32. I'AVONACBUs, 194r.

jj. Itody nioderutcly deep, the depth 2J in length; body wiih (Tohs ImndH aiid

penrly dots. ai.tikkons, lU4ii.

jjj. Body deep, the depth 2f in length; Hcalim 30; coloration nearlj- ]ilain, tln^

ilns with dark spots. kkani, 1947.

aaaaa. Anal spines normally 4 (very rarely 5). Dorsal rnys XV or XVI, 10 to 12; l)o(|\

rather dt^ep, compressed, the depth 21 in length; body and Ilns with diirk

brown spots. tetb&camthuh, 1<J4h.

1024. ilEUOS FKlKnKI4;ilf;TMAIil, Hix kel.

Head 2'i ; depth 2A ; eye 3;'; in bead, equal to snout. D. XVIII, 9' or 10;
A. VIII or IX, 9 or 7; scales 4-31-12. Fold of lower lip continuous in
middle. Scales on cheek in 7 series. Autero-iiiferior margin of preorbi-
tal concave, the greatest widtli of this bone only ^ that of orbit. Len^tli
of twelfth dorsal spine ^ that of heiid. Longest dorsal ray H in bead ;
longest anal ray lA in liead. Yellowish olive, with 6 or 7 blackish cross
bands;* a black band from eye to uppor purt of root of caudal, inter
rupted by th«' interspaces between cross bands, the origin and end of this
band .mto edged with yellow; suboperculum with a black ocellus; iiii
oblique black streak from eye toward ocellus. Length 5 inches. Lake
Peten, Lake Nicaragua, and its outlet, tho Hio San Juau.

Ilerus frieiirichtthali, Ueckel, i'MiiHSllHchu lirasil, 381, 1840, Rio San Juan, Nicaragua;
GCnthkh, Cat. Fishea, iv, 204, 18G2; GOntukb, Fish. Centr. Am., 459, 1869.

I

rj

1»36. HEROS KALVIM, Giinlher.

Head 2J; depth 2^. D. XVII, 10; A. VIII or IX, 7; h«^ale8 5-29-10.
Head somewhat longer than high; snout of moderate extent, longer than
eye, pointed; cleft of mouth very oblique; lower Jaw projecting; max-
illary not quite extending to vertical from anterior margin of orbit; eye
immediately below upper profile, in middle of length of head ; suboper-
culum of moderate width, with 1 series of scales; preorbit.il a little nar-
rower than orbit, with the antero-inferior margin concave. Length of
twelfth dorsal spine ?, that of head in specimens from Lake Peten, and I
in those from Santa Isabel. Fold of lower lip ctmtinuous in middle;
scales of cheek in 5 series. Base of soft dorsal scaly. Distance between
dorsal and caudal considerably less than depth of free portion of tail;
distance, between vent and root of ventrals i length of head. Dark
greenish olive, with a black baud, edged with yellow, running from
snout, through eye, to root of caudal, most distinct on head, but inter-
rupted on tail by lighter interspaces; it passes a blaok lateral spot, and,
in young individuals, terminates in another black spot; an irregular
black band along back, below base of dorsal fin; sometimes 3 bands across
upper surface of head; a blue horizontal lino below orbit; a more or less
distinct black ocellus on suboperculum sometimes entirely absent; fins
Idackish, immaculate, or with faint dots only in small number; sides

* These bands not evident in specimens from Nicaragua examined by us (IT. S. Xnt.
Mas., Xo. 39918).

Jordan and Eva mann .— Fishes of North America. 1529

li<>luw 1>lack band saugiiineuuH in inuturo uxamplos. Loiigth 4^ inches,
(iuatumalu. (Giiuther.) (Namod for (Hubert Sal v in, its dlHcovercr.)

llvrai salvini, GOnthbu, Cat. Fiithea, IV, 204, 180'2, Rio de Santa Isabel, Guatemala
(Coll. (iodinan wV Salviii); GCntheu, Fish. Ccntr. .\iii., 4«0, i>l. 73, fl^. 3, 1H69.

llcrof tnaijraiiima, Stkinwachnek, DunkHclir. Akart. Wiss. Wioii, xxni, 1864, 70, taf. 3,
lijr. 2, Central America. (Cull. Friudricli.stal.)

1020. HKKOS AFKIMS, GiintlKU-.

|[ca*12J; depth 2 = . D.XVI,8ory; A. VIII or I.\, 8 or 7; scales 5-29-12.
ilciul as higli its long; snout couipicssed, elevated, with cleft of mouth
ol)Iique und with lower Jaw i>romiueut; preor'-ital wider thiin oi-'nt (in
the liirgor individuals); eye considerably nearer extremity of operculum
than to that of snout. Dorsal and anal fins entirely scaleloss; dorsal
spines rather strong and long, length of twelfth i that of head; anal
spines very strong; free portion of tail a little higher than long. Caudal
slightly omarginate, j total length; distance between vent and root of
ventral i length of Jiead. Fold of lower lip continuous in middle. Scales
(in cheek in 1 series. Olive, Avith 5 or 6 dark cross bands, the middle one of
which has a deep-black spot where it passes lateral line; a more or less
distinct black spot on suboperculum; sides of head and vertical fins with
bluish dark-edgrd ocelli. Length 5^ inches. Lake I'eten. (Giiuther.)
((iffinis, rel'-tetl — to Ueros aureus.)

lleros afmis, OCntheu, Cat. Fi»li., iv, 292, 1862, Lake Peten (Coll. Uodiiiau \ Salvin);
GUNTHEH, Fiab. Contr. Am., 455, p\. 7!>, flj;. 1, 1869.

1027. IIKIIOS .1IA(^I'LI1M\MS, StoiiHlaclinor.

Head .3; depth 2. D. XVI, 11 or 12; A. VIII, 8; scales 4-30-11. Body
sliort and deep, back considerably arched, the ventral outline also arched;
profile depressed before eye; m6uth low and rather snuUl, the maxillary
scarcely longer than eye; teeth 8om«5what close-set; eye 3^ in head, as
broad as the jireorbital ; 4 or 5 rows of scales on cheek. Pectoral about
:is long as head, reaching third anal si)ine; Acntrals slightly longer,
reaching fifth spine; soft dorsal, anal and caudal rounded, not scaly at
base. Color brownish, with 5 brownish vertical bands not sharply de-
liued, the third band with a large black spot at the point where it crosses
ii vague dusky stripe from upp(;r etlge of gill opening to base of caudal;
sides of head usually with blue spots; soft dorsal and anal blue, with
ninny spots of bright yellow; caudal mottled. Length 4^ inches. Rio
/anapa, near Vera Cruz, Mexico. (Steindachner. ) {macula, spot; jiinnn,
(in.)

Il'-ros macvlipinnig, .Steinuachnek, Cliroinidcii M<\j:co8, 15, 1804, Rio Zanapa, Mexico.

1928. lifillOS TKI8IACULATUS, Giiiitlior.

Head 2-i ; depth 2. D. XVII, 11 ; A. VI to VIII, 9 ; scales 5-31-14. Head

nearly as high as long; snout rather pointed, much longer than eye; cleft

of mouth very oblique; lower jaw prominent; maxillary extending nearly

to vertical from front- margin of orbit; preorbital as wide as orbit, with

3030 19

f

14 1

•ft*

1530 Bulletin ./7, Ufittcd States Natiotial Museum.

niitero-inforiorinargiu concave; width of orbit I length of heiid, hut only
jj that of intororhital Hpace; oyn immediately brlow (Muicavity of n))|MT
profile of head, and very slightly nearer to tip of Hnout than to opercular
margin; «>perele» scaly; Hubo])erculum with 2 HericH of Hcales; vertical
fins scaly at base; fold of lower lip continuous in middle; scales of
cheek in 5 series; dorsal spines of moderate strength and length, the
twelfth rather loss than ^ length of head; points of soft dorsal and ami I
extending beyond middle of caudal; caudal much rounded; distance be-
tween caudal and dorsal considerably less than depth ot free portion of
tail; ]iectoral much shorter than head, extending only to second anal
spine; veutrals with outer ray produced; distance between vent and root
of A'entrals nearly | length of head. Dark greenish olive, with 3 black
spots, the iirst above origin of lateral line, the second in middle of side,
and i\w third above end of lateral line; tins black. liength 11 inches.
Chiapas and lluaniuchal. (fiiinther.) (/res, three; mavuJalns, spotted.)

Ilerostrimaeulaliis, (U'NTIIEU, KiNli. C'ciiti-. Am., 4G1, |>l. 70, 1860, Chiapas and Huamuchal.
(Coll. Siiltiii.)

1020. IIKROS LAIIIAT|!S, Giinthur.

DeptL 2i. D.XVII, 11; A. VII or VIII, S; scales 6-:{2-i:i Head
rather longer than high ; snout somewhat elevated ; cleft of mouth
slightly oblique, with lower Jaw a little prominent; teeth in narrow
bands, those of outer series enlarged, with brown tips; maxillary not
nearly .attaining vertical from front of eye; preorbital as wide as orbit,
the diameter of which is less than extent of snout, and \ len/ > :> of head;
iuterorhital space somewhat convex, wider than orbit; 0 o i wated not
quite immediately beneath upper profile of head, and midway between
end of snout and that of operculum; opercles scaly, the scales larger than
those on cheek; suboperculnm with 2 series of scales; soft portions of
tlorsal and anal tins with minute scales between rays at their base; dorsal
spines of nioder.ite length and strength, length of eighth dorsal S2>ine less
than i length of head; points of produced middh^ lays of soft dorsal and
anal r<'a<'hing to middle of caud.al fin; caudal rounded, its length rather
more than .5 times in total ; anal spines of m arly same length and strength
as those of dorsal fin; pectoral rounded, reaching to fourth or fifth spine
of anal; vetitral filament jtrodnced; distance between vent and root of
ventral less than i length of head ; scales on cheek in 4 series ; anterior
portions of upper and lower lips much enlarged, each forming a moveable
subtriangular dap (probal»ly in old males only); depth of free portion'
of tail scarcely more than its length. Uniform red, or red irreguhn v
marbled with black, or nearly entirely black. Length 7 inches. Lal,<-.
Managua and Nicaragua. (Giinther). {labiatus, thick-lipped.)

Ileros Inbiatiis, GiJNTiiEii, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1864, 27, pi. 4, lis;.!, Lake Managua,
Nicaragua (Coll. Capt. Dow); COntheh, Fish. Centr. Am., 456, 186S.

10.10. HEKOS LOItOOIIlliUS, Giiutlier.

Head 2f; depth 2^. D. XVII, 11 or 12; A. VII, 8 or 9; scales 6-.32-11.
Head as high as long; snout rather elevated, with cleft of mouth oblique,
and lower Jaw rather i)romiuent; upper profile very concave; teeth iu

^.'■i

iill

|:;i

'^.c,it, ... .

Jordan and Rvcnnann. — Fishes of North .America. 1531

iiiirrow batulH, tlioHuof outer Herioa enlarged, with brown tips; inn.villary
nut reucbing to vertical from front of orbit; pruorbitul uh witlt- as orbit,
very Hligbtly more than \ tinicH inlengtb of hcud; interorbital Bpaco tiat,
much wider than orbit; eye inunediatdy below iiitper prolilo, slightly
iioiirer to oxtreuiity of snout than to that of opcrcitluiii ; opcrcles scaly, the
scales larger than those on cheeks; suboperculuni with 1 series of scales;
soft iiortious of anal and dorsal tins with a series of small scales between
liiysat their liaso; dorsal spines of moderate strength, length of eighth to
(wellth more than A that of head; points of soft anal and dorsal n-aciiing
to middle of caudal; free jtortion of tail scarcely higlier than long; caii-
(lal rounded, its length ji of total; anal spines strong and long; pectoral
rounded, reaching to fourth anal spine; outer ventral ray produced; dis-
tance between vent and root of ventral '■] length of head; old males
with anterior portions of lips much enlarged, each forming a moveable
siibtriangular ilap; in young males lips simple, fold of lower continu-
ous. Greenish or yellowish, with about 6 indistinct dark cross bands;
lliat below fourteenth dorsal spine with a large black blotch below lat-
eral line ; som* ' imes a black spot on upper half of Itase of caudal. Length
S inches. Lake Managua, Nicaragua. (Giinther). (A'Vids, lobe; ^c^Aoj,
lip.)

\leros lobochiliix, (ii'NTHEit, Ki.sli. Cciitr. Am., 457, itl. 75, tig. 1, 18(50, Lake Managua,
Nicaragua. (Coll. Ciiiit. Dow.)

f ,

10;tl. lIKItOS IlKYTIIIl.KUS, C.iiutlior.

Mead 28; depth 2^. D. XVII, 12; A. VII, 8; scales 6^-31-11. Head as
high as long; snout rather elevated, with cleft of mouth slightly oblique,
and lower Jaw scarcely promin«^nt; teeth in narrow bands, those of outor
stories enlarged, with brown tips; maxillary not reaching vertical from
front margin of eye; proorbital wider than orbit; diameter of eye nearly
.') times in length of head; interorltital space slightly convex, much wider
than orbit; eye near upper y)rorile of head, and equidistant between end of
•snout and that of operculum ; opercles scaly, the scales larger than those on
check; subopercnlura with 2 series of scales; soft dorsal and anal lins
with a few minute scales running up between bases of rays; dorsal spines
of moderate strength; soft dorsal and anal slightly produced, not reach-
ing to middle of <"audal; length of eighth dorsal sj.ine less than ^ that of
head ; caudal rounded, i total length ; anal spines stronger but not longer
than those of dorsal lin ; pectoral rounded, extending to fourth anal Bi>ine,
somewhat shorter than head; outer ventral ray produced; dL^tance be-
tween ventral and vent i length of head; lips thick, with broad free mar-
gin in their entire circumference; scales on cheek in 4 or 5 series; depth
of free portion of tail conspicuously more than its length. Deep orange
color; many of the scales of tail with a blackish spot on base. Length 7
inches. Lake Managua, Nicaragua. (Giinther.) (^puO/aorJo?, reddish.)

Ili-rus erythrceu*, GCntheb, Fish. Contr. Am., 457, pi. 7.5, fig. 2, 18C9, Lake Managua,
Nicaragua. (Coll. Capt. Dow.)

flfWWSWSSPWP

m

'H '

'III

i

44'

1532 Jhillctin ^y, Ignited Staics National Museum.

lOSi!. liEBON IIASIIiAltlN, liill \. ItrauHfunl.

Depth 2jt. D. XVI, 12; A. VII, 8. Head iioriual, snout above roiivex
and blunt in front, length of snout little more than i length of head ;
interorbital area slightly raised; preoperculuni nearly vertical; buccal
scales in 1 rows; Jaws normally developed; supraniaxillary terminating at
a vertical very little in advance of orbit; lips moderately developed and
Irce all around; teeth of outer row of rather large size; dorsal lin mod-
erately developed; anterior spines normally graduated, the rest subeqnal;
soft rays when bent back extending nearly V) tjrniin.il third of caudal;
anal tin coninicuces under thirteenth dorsal s]dne, its lirst 3 spines rapidly
anil the suc<'eeding moderately graduated; Inigest soft rays when bent
back reaching second third of caudal; caudal 4^ or 4 A times in extreme
length, and its margin is convex-truncate; pectoral iin extending to verti-
cal of third and ventral hn to that of fourth or lifth anal spine; caudal
peduncle not much higher at base than long, and decreases very gradually
to fin; ba<'k declines moderately to tail, an«l regularly decurved in front
of dorsal fin. Color bronzed olive, with (in young, at least) 7 bands; in
fourth band is developed a distinct blackish sjtot just under lateral line,
and on base of caudal (in, above lateral line, is another, but smaller, black-
ish spot; dorsal and anal fins dusky, but soft parts much darker at buse
than on rest of their fins and surface; caudal fin also much darker at its
basal third than behind; pectoral and ventral fins dusky and uniform,
save tUiit the liJamentary rays of ventrals are darker. Lake Nicaragua.
(Gill & Jirausford.) (baailaris, basal.)

UeroshagHarU, GiLh&lJKANShoito, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1877, 182, Lake Nicaragua.

:-!^< ■:■-

UM

19»3. IIKUOS M<'AKA<JUENK1S, Oiintlior.

Head 3= ; depth 2=. 1). XVIII or XIX, 11 ; A. VII, 8 or 9; scales 5-35-13.
Head much higher than long, in conse(iuence of an .-idipose swelling above
eye (in adult), which renders shai)e of head Corjfph(vna-\\^o\ snout ele-
vated; preorbital wider than orbit, the diameter of wliicli is more than \
of length of head: cleft of mouth rather narrow, horizontal, the Jaws
equal in front; maxillary not extending back to vertical from front of
orbit; teeth in a band, those of outer scries somewhat enlarged, an<l with
brown tips; interorbital space: very convex, not quite twice as broad as
orbit; eye about equally distant from end of snout and that of operclo
and far below upper profile of head; vertical iins scaly at ))a8o; spinous
dorsal not very low, the sixteenth spine A as long as he.ad^ first dorsal
spine inserted above upper end of gill opening; dorsal and anal spines
long; pectoral not quite as long as head; soft portions of dorsal and anal
sliglitly produced, the former extending nearly to middle of caudal ; free
portion of tail as high as long ; caudal slightly emargiuate, its length con-
siderably more than ,' total; ventral having outer ray much produced and
reaching to sixth anal Bi>ine; fold of lower lip interrupted in middle;
scales on cheek in 6 series, rather irregularly arranged. Brownish olive
above, yellowish below ; back with 5 or 6 obscure blackish cross bands,
not extending downward to beyond middle of side; many scales with a

Jordan and Evcrmann . — Fishes of North America. 1533

Itrown, vertical marginal streak; a lateral Hpot uBiially diHtinct; Hoft
vertical iiim writh brown HpotH,uacli \ as large au a Hcalc. Length 7 InchoH.
Lake Nicaragua, ((ilinther.)

Uefo» >itcara';i/«n«t«, (iUntiikr, Prno. Znol. Soc. Lond. 18n4, 153. Lake Nicai agua (Coll. Cni)t.
Dow); CiUntiieb, FIhIi. ('eiitr. Am., 405, 1800.

IU.14. IIKROS Mivti(j|ii:ivsiS, (iiintlur.

Hejid 2.1; ileptli 2.L D. XVIII, 10; A. VII, «; sc Ioh 4i-^2-13. Ilend
Innger tlian liigli; Kiioiit of nioiltMiite length, Honirwhiit pointed; lower
j.iw prominent; cleft of mouth ol>li(|ne; maxillary reacliing heycnid an-
terior margin of eye. Width of orbit 1 length of head, and \ width ol"
interorbital space; eye immediately below npper profile, its distance from
end of snout a littht more than .1 that from hinder margin of operculum ;
oporcles scaly, the scales on operculum larger than those on cheeli; sub-
oporculum with 2 series of scales; preorbital with antero-inferior margin
(•(mcavo, narrow, its greatest width scarcely more than A that of orbit;
dentition as in 11. dovii; first dorsal sjdne inserted behind vertical from
upper end of gill opening; dorsal and anal spines of moderate length and
strength, l«>ngth of twelfth dorsal tin Sij times in that of head; vertical
tins slightly scaly at base; soft doi'sal and anal not reaching to middle of
caudal; caudal rounded; distance between dorsal and caudal much less
than depth of free portion of tail ; ])ectoral short, more than .V lengtli of
iiead, and extending only to origin of anal; ventral with outer rays slightly
produced, reaching beyond vent; distance between vent and root of ven-
tral not quite It length of head. Fold of lower lip continuous in middle;
scales on cheek small, rather irregularly arranged, in 8 or 1> series. Green-
ish brown, shining goblen, sind irregtilarly marbled with dark brown; a
series of quadrangular black spots (probably a band in young examples)
running from eye to a black spot on root of caudal, this spot above lateral
line; a brown baud descending obliquely from lower posterior angle of
orbit to lower posterior angle of operculum ; vertical fins with black spots,
each 8i»ot i as large as a scale. Length 7^ inches. Lake Managua, Nica-
ragua. (Giinther.)

Iferos managumsix, (JiiNTHER, Fish. Coiitr. Am., 403, i>l. 77, (!«. 3, IHCll, Lake Managua,
Nicaragua. (Coll. Capt. Dow.)

1035. IIEItON AUUEirS,r.ii]itlior.

Head 3; depth 2^. 1). XVI, 9 or 10; A. VII, H; scales G-33-13. Head as
high as long; snout somewhat elevated, with cleft of mouth oblique and
with jawsetiual anteriorly ; preorbital as wide as orbit; eye a little nearer
to extremity of operculum than to that of snout; dorsal spines rather
slender, length of twelfth a little less than k that of head; tlistance
l>etween dorsal and caudal somewhat less than ^ that of head and some-
what less than greatest depth of free portion of tail ; caudal slightly emargi-
nate; distance between vent and root of veiitral ^ length of head; foltl of
lower lip continuous in middle; scales on cheek in 5 series. Yellowish
olive, with 6 dark crossbands extending downward to a yellow longitudi-
nal baud running from above pectoral to lower half of base of caudal; the

I ■ !

'vvurmfm »*iifw'r

■

1 f

iig

1

'41

^

1

1

1

H ; '1

I

inSi DuUctiyi f.y, United States National Museum.

third crnssbaud terniinuting in n larfi^e blnok lateral Hpot; nidoR of hoail
with several bluinh dotn, and Avith u blackish spot on nperrnluiii ami
Huboperciiluni, darkest on latter bono; fins light colored, imnia«;ulat(;.
Lttngth 5 inrlu's. (iuateniala. ((iiintber. ) (aMrcus, golden.)

Heron aurfun, (iI'ntiikr. Cat.Finlum, iv, 2U2. 1S02, Rio Motagua tad at Yzabal, Guate-
mala (Coll. Siilviii \ (!<m1iiiuii) ; (irNTilKii, Fish. ('untr. Am., 45r>, pi. 7:i, ttg. 2, INfiO.

l»:t(t. ilKltOS CITKINKIJillM, Oiintlior.

Head 2^ ; depth 2!. 1). XVI or XVII, 12; A. VII, 8 or 9; scales 6-30-13.
Head as hi^li as lon^; snout rutlu^r elevatttil, not obtuse; cleft of nioulh
alniost horizontal; lower jaw scarcely prominent; teeth in narrow banilH.
those of outer series cnlurfied, witli brown tips; maxillary not reachinj;
vertical from front margin of eye ; ]»reorbital wider than orbit; eye iloso
to upper i>rollle, and a little nearer to end of Hnout than to opercular nuir-
giu, its diameter i length of head; interobitul space ilattish, twice widtli
of orbit; operclcs scaly, the scales larger than tlioso on cheeks; suboper-
culum with 2 series of scales. Soft anal and dorsal fins slightly scaly at
base; points of soft dorsal and anal considerably produced, and extendin);
beyond middle of caudal iiu, sometimes to its extremity; iirst dorsal s])iuo
inserted above upper end of gill opening; dorsal and anal spines slender,
the eighth or tenth of dorsal fin * length of head ; pectoral nearly as lonj;-
as head, long and rounded, and extending to fifth anal spine; outer ven-
tral ray produced; caudal rounded, its length 4A times in total; distance
between vent and root of ventral nearly ^ length of head. Scales on
cheek in 4 series; fold of lower lip continuous in middle; free portion of
tail conspicuously deeper than long ; nape very convex ; interorbital space
broad, its width 'i length of head. Lemon colored, either nearly uniform
or with the back black, which color sometimes forms irregular blotches
on verti<;al fins. Length 8 inches. Lake Nicaragua. (Giinther.) {citri-
nellus, lemon colored.) *

Ileruieitnnellun, (ilNTHKii, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lond. 1864, l."»:i, Lake Nicaragua (Coll. Capt.
Diiw) ; (JOntheu, Fish. Coutr. Am., 4.1.8, pi. 71, tig. 1, 1809.

■M,''i

1037. HKROS MOTACIITENSIS, Giintlior.

Head 2)5; depth 3. D. XVIII, 10; A. VII, 8 or 9; scales 5-32-13. Head
longer than high ; snout of moderate extent, much longer than eye, pointed ;
cleft of mouth very oblique, lower jaw very prominent; nisixillary reach-
ing nearly to vertical from anterior margin of orbit; width of orbit not
quite }, length of head, and less than Avidtli of interorbital s|)ace; pre-
orbital with antero-inferior margin but slightly concave, its great«;st
width equal to that of orbit; dentition as in //. dovii; eye near upper
profile of head, ne.arer to end of snout than to that of operculum ; operclcN
scaly; suboperculum with 2 series of scales; vertical fins scaly at base,
their points not reaching middle of caudal; caudal rounded; distance
between dorsal and caudal somewhat less than depth of free portion of
tail; first dorsal spine inserted behind vertical from u]>per end of gill
opening; dorsal and anal spines short, length of twelfth dorsal spine 9

mi^- t^as:

II

1^

M ii

Jordan and Ever maun. ~ Fishes of North America, 1635

lliat uf huad; ix'ctoral Hhort, Iuhh thun ji Uiii^^th of head, and starcoly
reaching to vont; ventral Hhort, pointed, the outer ray produced; diH-
tjiiico between vent and root of ventral more than i^ length of h«iad;
I'old of lower lip continnonM in middle; acalcH on cheek small, in H Horiert.
Mrownish, a black interrupted band running from eye to a npot on root of
ciiudal, this spot above lateral line; an oblii[u«> short black streak running
I'rum lower posterior angle of orbit toward a spot on gutunt between oper-
: ulum and Buboper<^nliim, close to iutcroperculum, the band not continu-
ous with the spot; back Avith traces of irregular cross bands, more distinct
iu young than in old individuals; vertical tins with numerous brown
(lots. Length 10 inches. Kio Motagua and Lake Nicaragua. (Giinther.)

Ueron motagueniiit, unNTincR, FUh. Contr. Am., 402, pi. 77, ltg.2,1800, Rio Motagua, Nic-
aragua. (Coll. (i<i<tiiian.)

10»H. ilKROH OniiOXdIJS, Giiiitlinr.

Head :}*; de|)th 3. 1). XVIII, 12 or 13; A. VI, 8 or 9; scales 5.1-33-15.
iluad a little longer than high; snont of moderate extent; jtrcorbital
wider than eye, the diameter of which is \ length of head; cleft of mouth
rather narrow, horizontal, with jaws equal anteriorly; niiixillary not
extending backw.ard to vertical from front margin of eye; teeth in a band,
those of outer series much larger and stronger than others, or.d with brown
tips; interorbital space convex, not quite twice as broad as orbit; eye
about equidistant from end of snout and that of opercle; vertical tins
scaly at base; spinous dorsal rather low, length of twelfth dorsal spine
less than i that of head; soft dorsal and anal 8<micwhat produced, the
former reaching to middle of caudal ; free 2)ortion of tail rather longer
than high ; caudal subtruncatcd, its length a little less than I total ; pec-
toral shorter than head, about equal in length to ventral, the outer ray of
which r«i.aches to vent; fold of lower lip continuous in middle; 5 series
of scales on cheek. Ihownish, with ab t 5 very indistinct broad darker
cross bands, descending from back to a not less indistinct longitudinal
l)and running from above pectoral to a black spot in middle «)f root of
ventral; vertical fins with transverse series of round whitish spots, sepa-
rated by a network of dark lines; pectorals yellowish. Length 8 inches.
Rio Motagua, Nicaragua. (Giinther.) {ohlongus, oblong.)

Iferotoblongiis, OCnthkk, Fiali. Centr. Am., 464, 1869, Rio Motagua, Nicaragua,
iiodmaii.)

!»»». IIEIIOS DOVII, r.iinther.

(Coll.

He.ad 2? ; depth 3. D. XVIIl, 11 or 12; A. VI, 9 or 10; scales 5i-3.'5-13.
Ilead'much longer than high; snout rather elongate, much longer than
eye, pointed; cleft of mouth oblique, lower jaw very prominent; maxil-
lary reaching vertical from anterior margin of orbit; width of orbit 4^^
times in length of head and ec^ual to that of interorbital space. Eye im-
mediately below npper pi'ofilo, but considerably nearer to end of snont
than to that of operculum; opercles scaly, the scales on operculum larger
than those on choek; suboperculum with 2 serioo of scales; preorbital

!

i

•

-^

1

15.' W liulletiii ^7, United States National Museum.

with antoto-iiii'frioi- iiiur^iu but HliKliHy ('<><>cavu, itH (jroatuHt width \ Mmi
of orbit; niiohjuw with ii pair of faujic^, tho lower septirate; Hoft portions
of ilorsal and aniil liiia scaly at bane and not roaohin); boyoiid orit^in of
anal; tlrat dornal Hpino inserted behind vertical from upper enci of ^ill
openini;; dorHal and anal NpineH slonder, length of twelfth dorsal spinr |
that of head ; caudal rounded ; ])<>ctoriil about j^ as lon^; iis head and scarri'l \
reaching vertical from origin of anal; ventral jiointcd, sliffhtly producoil,
roachinji; only to vent ; distance between vent and root of ventral \ lenntli
of head; fold of lower lip continuous in middle. Scales on cheek sniiill,
rather irregularly arran^^ed, in about H series. Brown, irregularly nun
bled with darker; iins black; an indistinct black band along opevculiiin
and side of trunk; an obli(|uo blackish baud descending /torn eye towiinl
root of pectoral; a black spot behind angle of mouth. Length U inches.
Lake Nicaragua, N'icaragua. ((iiiuther.) (Named forCapt. John M. Dow,
tho collector of the types.)

UtfM (lovii, OOntuer, rr<M-. /ool. Snc. Loiul. 1804, 154, Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua ; (■().%
THBH, TiHh. Coutr. Am., 401, pi. 73, ttg. 4, 1860.

I^i.

* . » J

1 i

1040. IIEROS (JIIIHH'KPS, .Strinilachner.

Ilond 2J ; depth 3 ; eye 5 in head. D. XVII or XVIII, 13 or 14 ; A. VI, 9 or
10; scales G-33-12. Hody rather elonjjate, moderately compressed, the baik
regularly arched. Adult with largo lleshy lump above the eye to the
nape. Five rows of scales on cheek; preorbital moderate; mouth very
small, low; teeth slender; sntmt projecting beyond the mouth in tht^
adult; cleft of mouth arched, as long as broad, its length equal to th:it
of eye; pectoral short, IJ in head, as long as ventrals. Spines moderate;
soft dorsal and anal scarcely pointed, scaly at base; caudal rounded.
Chocolate brown, ytdlowish below ; a row of dark blotches, 0 or 7 in num-
ber, along middle^ line of body from ujtper part of gill opening to base of
caudal; a dark streak on each scale parallel with the edge; vertical fins
vaguely mottled. Length 11 inches. Rio Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. (Stein-
dachuer.) (.</»fc?»M8, gibbous; - <'ej>«, head.)

IlerosgibhicepH, Stkindacuneb, Chroniidoii Mo.jioos, 12, 1804, Rio Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.

1041. ilEllOS MICIlOIMITIIAIiMl'S, (iimtlier.

Head.SJ^; depth 2)^. D. XVIII, 13; A. V or VI, 10 or 9; scales 5-34-14.
Head as high as long; snout of moderate extent; ]ircorbital wider than
eye; cleft of mouth rather narrow, horizontal, with jaws equal anteri-
orly; interorbital space very convex, twice as broad as orbit; eye a little
nearer to extremity of snont than to that of opercle ; vertical flns scaly
at base ; spinous dorsal low, length of twelfth spine ^ or rather less than
^ that of head ; free portion of tail rather higher than long ; pectoral
much shorterthan head, equal in length to ventral, which does not extend
on to vent; fold of lower lip continuous in middle; G series of scales on
cheek. Brownish, with indistinct dark cross bands, and with a dark band
along sides and tail, terminating at a 1)l.ack spot in middle of root of cau-
dal; each scale on lateral and lower parts with a purjile spot at base; soft

Jordan and livvrtnaun. — Fishes of North America. 1537

{lOi'tioiiH of vt^ticul IliiH with hoHi^h of Miickish tlotn; nxil of portural
iir!tn;;e-<-oloro«l. ].(>ii{;tli 8 iacheH. Kio Motiigua, Nicaragua, ((lihitlier.)

Ihroi uiierniihtlialmiii, <i('NTllKii, Cat. KIhIich, iv, 206, 1802, Rio Motagua, Nicarasua.
(Coll. (iiMliiian Si. Sulviii) ; (i Onthkk, KImIi. Oiitr. Am., 404, 1H419.

1943. IIKKOM ritOIMITIIAIiMITN, (iUntlmr.

Hoad noaiiy '.); ikptli '2i to L'.l. I). XVII, 11; A. VI, 1»; Hoales 5-28-12.
Iloatl iiH liigli UH loii);; snout rnthor olovattMl, with chift of mouth oltlii|iie
:iii(l with lower Jaw proiniiieiit; prnorhitiil uh wido jih orbit; iiit«rorl>ital
Hpaco Hilt, wi«h-r than orbit; uyu nuarer t(i oxtroniity of Huoiit than to tliat
(if operculum; dorHal spiuos of moderate lenjrth anil HtreuKth, length of
twelfth fi that of liead; free portion of tail higher than long; anal spines
?.lroug and long; distance botwoou vent and root of ventral ? length of
littad. Fold of lower lip continuous in middle. ScaleH on cheek in (i
>i>rics. Hrownish or greenish olive, with 7 blackisli cross bands as broad
;is interspaces between, the fust descending obliquely backward across
iia])e; the second, third, and fourth below the dorsal spines; the seventh
across free portion of tail ; a large, black, white-edged ocellus on root of
caudal; (ins blackish; ])ect(H'al yellowish toward base. Length 7 inches.
Lake Petou, Guatemala. ((Siinther.) {ovfid, tail; d<^OaA/ios, eye.)

Ilfiiis uvoiihihalmtiK, OI'ntiikii, (Jat. Fmlies, iv, '.'01, 1802, Lake Peten (Coll. GiMliiian &
Siilvin) ; OCntuer, FIhIi. Centr. Am., 454, pi. 72, flu. 1, 1809.

104.^. IIKKOS TltOSniKM, St<-iii(1a<liiier.

Head 211; depth 2,!,. D. XVI, 10 or 11; A. VI, 8; scales 5-32 to 34-13;
eye IJ^ in head, lit i» snout; clieoks with 5 or (5 rows of scales. IJody short
mid deep, the back elevated but not much arched; mouth small, not
longer than eye, little curved ; the outer teeth strong; pectoral rounded,
shorter than head, not reaching tirst anal spine; caudal rounded ; ventrals
siiort, spines moderate ; soft dorsal and anal scaly at base, pointed at tip.
Hrownish, with 7 dusky cross bands curved forward; a largo round dif-
fiiHo blackish blotch at base of caudal, mostly above eiid of latiTal line; a
deep black longitudinal spot, part of the first dark cross band, behind
b.'ise of pectoral; finsdusky bluish, unspotted. Length 7 inches. Mexico.
(Steindachner). (Named for Profe.s8or Troschel.)

llerns ttoicheli, Sticinoaciineu, Iclithyologisclie Notizoii, iv, 12, 1867, Mexico.

1944. IIRROK <;¥AXOflIITTATIJS (Bnird & Cirnrd).

Head 3i; depth 2^, ; eye 1; snout 3. D. XVII, 10; A. VI, 8; lateral lino
I'o. Hody oval, moderately compressed; protile gently curved ; intororbital
region slightly depressed; eyes small, situated rather backward and high
lip ; mouth small, maxillary not reaching orbit ; 6 rows of scales on cheek ;
liuf ligh; longest dorsal spine e([ual to distance from snout to pupil; soft
rays longer, l!^ in head; longest anal rays 1;^ in head, equal to length of
pectoral, brownish, body and soft parts of vertical fins everywhere wiih

i f i;i

■''-^■'-'^"Tii fVTn* "

TT • f ■ • ifi' > •

Hi

15JJ8 /iulltiin /-, UnHi'(i Statis National Mnsvum.

HIUIlll ItlllU NpulN; HOIIIotllllUN U Itlucli Hpltt Oil Illilltll ol' HpillUllB (lors;i I,

with aiiotluM- one bulow it on htiuk ; » hlitiik lilotcli ut Imiho uf ciiuil.il.
KivflFH of NoiithweHti'i'ii TuxnH »ii(l iiortlioiiHtorii Moxivo; chit^lly <'oiirni,i|
to tli«) biiHiii ot'tlio Kio Oruiitlo; tlio only HporirH oC r'ir/i/idd' eiititriiig tin.
lIiiitiMl StatoM. (wiKii'fos, I'lfiineHu, liliir; niitlalnit, Hpottod.)

Ilfriehlhi/i fiianoijiittatiit, ItAiiU) & *!irarii, I'roo. A<'. Nat. Sri. I'lilln., vii, IHOi. •.;:,
Rio Grande, Brownsville, Tcxaa (T,v|ii>, No. H6I. Coll.Joliu II. Cliirk); ltAiiir> \
(iiKAitii. U.S. anil M<>x. Itoiinil. Miir\ ., /<miI., :i(l, pi. 4, IIkm. 0 TJ, 185U.

Ilenm fiiutintiiitttituti, (iU-NTllKK, Cut. FImIiuh, iv,20U, \WVi; .loHDAN it (Ill.iiKHT, SynnitsU,
UU8, 18tl3.

lIMri. IIKItOH I'AVO.NACKI H, liitruian

Hoaa 2ii ; depth 2ii. I). XVr, 12; A. V, 8; Bcal.-H 4-:\'2-V2. Iload nn d,, p
aH long; oyo largo, widur than preorbital, itH front bohiiid tip of iiuixil-
laiy; r> rowH of HiialnH on chork ; low*-r lip not d««Hori1ied; lifth dors.'il
Hpiiie highest; Hoft <lorHal and anal rouching caudal; pni-toralH to v<Mit.
Dark brown, decked with palo; I to 7 ocollated, vertically oxpandnl
black HpotH on Hide below doi'Hal lin; an ocellated black 8pot on ba.sc ni'
tail above lateral line; side with 10 or 12 faint dark croNU bandH. Mon-
dova, Coahnila, Mexico, ((iarinan). {pnroiiainin, like a jteacock.)

IJeroa pavimaeewi, (iAKMA.v, Hull. Miih. (<'oiii|i. /ool., viii, 03, 1881, Spring near Monclova
in Coahuila, Mexico; Juhda.n& (iii.iiKUT, Syuoimis, 030, 188:i.

ll ■ '^

¥ ^

lUl. I

I

1940. IIKKON AliTIKKONN, Kner A Stniiulachiutr.

Head 2/, ; depth 2i. \). XVI, 11 ; A. V, 8 or 9. Suout rather high, width
of prejrbital more than that of orbit. .FawH equal in length. Eye con-
siderably nearer to end of opercnlnin than to that of snout. Dorsal M]iiii*'s
of moderate length and strength. I^ower lip dilated into a lobe on eat h
Hide, which in broade.st behind. Scales (m cheek in 4 or 5 Hcries. Hody
with 4 or ,5 dark vertical bands," eacli band with a darker blotch ; scat-
tered ]»earl-colored dots all over body; a dark spot on middle of root <>{'
candal fin. Isthmus of Panama and southward. (Kner & Steindachnui .)
(altut, high; froim, forehead.)

Jleron alti/rnnt, Knku \- Steinhaciinek, Sitzgolver. baycr. Akml., 223, 1803, New Granada ,
Aliliuiiill. Iiayer. Akail., x, 11, tal'. 2, tiji;. 1 ; GCnther, Fiali. ( Viitr. Am., iM, 18A0.

1047. IIKROS KKAM, .Ionian.

(Mo.lAKUA VeHDE.)

Head .3; depth 2\. D. XVI, 11; A. V, 8; scales 4.}-30-12. Body oblong,
com|iresBed, the back moderat«'ly elevated; profile gibbons at na|)e, «lc-
preHsed and concave above eyes, thence straight to tip of snout, which is
short and rather sharp; snont 3 iu head; eye Hinall, 4.} in head, H in the
slightly concave interorbital space; lower lip moderate, its fold contin
uons, withont frennm; teeth moderate, maxillary short, 3j^ in head; lowor
Jaw slight.^ projecting; preorbital, 4.1 in head; 6 rows of scales on cheek;
edge of preoperclo oliliqae, straight, entire; gill rakers very short, thick-

* Kner & Steiudochuer deaoribo thorn us " tatnice," iustead of "/a«ci<s." (Uuntber.)

1*.

M't

Jordan and F.vcrmaun. — Fishes of North America. ir».'M>

iih; (loraul Hitiium low tl'o luutfimt ii litth^ Nliortfli' tliitii Hiioiit; Hol'ttlorHiil
1111)1 iiiiul eh^viited, pointed, tli«*ir tipH rnurliiii^ n littln punt liano of cuiitliil,
\\\\\ loii^eHt rny about \\ in htMul; Imihoh of mit't doiHul nnd iiiml Honiuwliiit
si.'ily; t'uiidiil Hubtnniciito; veiitmlH r»aoliiiiK boyoml poctoralH, uMirly to
IVitiit of anal, \\ in huad; ])vrtoralH lj|; origin of vc^ntral spino nndcr pec-
toral ItaHv. Color olive, tho rrnterH of many H(Mil«>H on Hid«M of Itody and
h ;mI pa1«)r in H<imu Hpi-cinn^nH ( 9 0 <i»d <liirkrr in othttiH {i \)\ Hid«>H witli
li;ii'«>8 of about H obH«Miro dark cnmH barH, wliirli art) ultont aa widtt an tiu^
iiitorHparvH; a faint {tale Htroak from b<do\v oyo to maxillary; an oltHrnrt*
lilai'k H|K)t, moHt tlintinvt in young and ratlior lurp-r than oyo, on lateral
\\\\y\ and below idevi-ntb and twelfth dornal H|)ineH; a Himilar Hpot at bane
III I'jiiiilal, JuHt above lateral line; Hdh tdivacooiiH, the dttrHulH, randal, and
iiiiiti with roundiHh HputH of darkolivi'; lower IhiH dusky. Adult in life
V. itli a blark Npot on fach ucale, Hume forming Heries; lirHt dornal eilgcd
with dark red, the 2 black ItlotcheH and black bars obsolete. Young,
li^rht olive, banded witli darker, with the bars and blotches diHtinet; n«>
liliio, yellow, or red. Length 1 to M incheH. Kio I'rcnidio, Ma/atlan; a
M ry abundant specieH, the northennnost of the family on the I'acillc coast;
used as food. (Named for Dr. Tarletoii llotl'mun Heau, now director of
the New York Atjuarium, "in recognition of his researches in American
iriitliyology.")

//. ro« hvani, Johdan, Proc. U. S. Nut. Miis. 1888, 332, Rio Presidio, ii<>ar Mazatlan. ('I'y|>t'n
No8. 37145, and 3710.';. (!<ill. Alplioimo Forrw) ; Johpan, I'roc. (.'al. Ac. Sci. IHOr., 4711.

I04S. IIKKON TKTKACANTIIIIS (Ciivier \-. YuliMicioniuiH).

(VlA.IA<A.)

Mead 2J to !{; depth 2J. 1). XV or XVI, 10 to 12; A^ IV or V, 7 to 9;
Hciiies 5-IW or 31-10; pores of lati;ral lino lS+12. llead as long aH high,
with the upper prolile concave above eyes; snout of :nodcrate extent, itn
length \ that of head ; cleft of mouth very obli(|uo, not extending to
iit'low anterior margin of eye; lower .jaw prominent; preorbital rather
mil rower than orbit, diameter of which is % lengi>1i of hea<l; intcrorbital
space wider than orbit, its naked portion Hat; eye immediately below
ui»|»or profile, nearer to extremity of snout than to that of opercnlnm.
Scalt's ctenoid, those (»n cheek small, in 7 horizontal and 10 vertical
series; basal portion of vertical lins scaly; snout, preorbital, and lower
Jaw naked; scales before dorsal varying much in size; dorsal spines rather
I't'cble, nearly \ that of head ; soft dorsal and anal somewhat elevated in
middle, extending slightly beyond base of caudal ; iiual sjunes of moderate
length and strength; caudal rounded; pectoral rounded, equal in length
to distance of snout from posterior margin of preopercnlum, about reach-
ing to tips of ventrals; ventral pointed, origin of ventral spine under pec-
toral base, a little more than \ length of head, not extending to vent; 2
pores near angle of oporcle; teeth in jaws forming a band, those in outer
series enlarged; lower pharyngeal somewhat longer than broad, with
short cardiform teetlv, those iii middle of its posterior + obtusely conical
ur molar-liko. Fold of lower lip continuous in middle ; 7 series of scales

-X ■ ' .1 J»W1

i^HWauii

iPia iiwiqpip^P-

ir»40 nullcliti /7, f^m'lrd Stall's S^ofional Museum.

on clutok. Itrowninh; oat'li ncalo with n ilurk-lir«»wii Hput iit I ., tht>
•potn fortnin^ loii);itii«liiiiil H«^ri«'H; iiiur>{iiiii ol' priMi|torciiliiiii with iMnnal
Niiniliir Hpotn; a pair of ditrk-brown npotH in nxil <ni pnt'tontl, «>ii«) hii|m ri.
nrly, tho itthnr int°i«riorly ; tloriiul tin with obH(ilflt«i lirnwn HpotH, Mm ntlicr
tinH ininui(Miliit«>: 4 w«<ll-niiirko<l ilurk-browu l<>nutliwifl«> nti-iMtkH <>n Ih' i<i,
tho lirHt from poHterior tnnr({i" of oye to nn^h^ of opfli-c.jfl, th» Hflconti on
iitwi^r e(l){n of oyo, tho third iihovo iin^ln of mouth, the fourth n litiln
Im«Iow it; tho luHt \\ oxtonilin^ ovor tho operch'i; dorHal, luial, and niuihil
with liir^o dark HpotH. Loii^th (( inclM'H. UivorH of ('nita; locaiiy iomi
men; a food IJHh of Monm iniportaunn. Iloro d«Hi-rili«d from a HpeciniiMi
from |{i«> AlnuMidaros, Cuba, \\ inrhoH in l«n){th. (r^'r/xr, ftuir; iXHuyUn,
Hpino.)

t'futriirehuii tftrneaitihvn, CrviKie \ Vai.kniiknnkh, IliHt. Nnt. PoInm., vii, 4tl(i, inii.

Cuba.
dhromu /u«C(>'(/inci(/(i(f(«, (iricuKNoT, Kiiiiinii <lo In Siitrni, lliHt. Ilr Culm, I'uIhh., 7M, |iI.'J,

IIK.3, \HM, Havana.
Ai'ara/iiii-ii miiniliila, iiONTiiKit, <'iil. KIhIhh, iv.L'Hj, I81IL*.
.loamtetrdfUHtAiu, Htkindai'hnkk, (Min>iuiil«ii M<<,|ii'im, 4, IritVi.

617. THERAPS, (Jiiiith«<r.
7'/n!rrty)»,(}l'NTnKli, Cut. FIhIiom Itrit. Miih., iv, 2H4, 1802 (inrpulnris).

Itotly compn-HHed, oltlon^, covrrod witli modorato ctenoid Hcnles, th<)R<>
of the lateral lino not onlar^^od; t«M^th ronical, in a band; numtli Huiall.
th<« lower J<iw includiul; HcaloH on chorkH huuiU; j^ill rakurH Hliort, hoiny ;

doraal and anal not Hcaly; anal Hphies uormally !'>, HomctimoH 4. CiMiti'.il
Amurica.

(0/-'fnr(f>, Hlavo, probably from some roHunddanco io 7 rapoti tliertipH, :in

KaHt Italian liHliailliod to t'onuKiania.)

■f;;1

l»4». TIIKiai'S lltRKOITIiAlUN, (iimtlxr.

Head 3J ; depth 3*. I). XVI, U; A. V, 0; BcalcH 4-35-11. ll.jid
ionjrer than high ; snout comproHHed and promiueut, itH length I that of
head, and nearly twice width of orbit; cleft of mouth rather small,
extending backward somewhat behind tho vertical from nostril; up])(>r
Jaw slightly overlapjdng lower; tct^th in a narrow band, those of tli<«
outer series largest ; preorbital some what wider than orbit, its width boin;;
equal to that of interorbital space, which is rather convex; eye immedi-
ately below upper profile, its center being a littl4^ behind middle of length
of head. Scales cm cheek small, in 6 oblique series. PoHterior limb of
pr*^o])erculuin longer than tho inferior and descending obliquely forward;
scales on oporcles as large as those on neck ; those near base of dorsal iind
on abdomen very Hmall. Scales ctenoid; dorsal tin commencing abov*^
root of ventral, and not scaly; spines of moderate length and strength,
length of the fifteenth I that of head, soft portion not extendingto caud.'il,
if laid backward; tho <listauee between dorsal and caudal equals that of
the extremity of snout from posterior m.irgin of orbit; caudal rounded:
pectoral shorter than head; ventral spine only ^ as long as fin, and
enveloped in skin together with the first soft ray; tin not extending t<*

/onhtu ////</ /•A'trnujiiH. -/•'islits of Xorf/i . Init'tiiv., \Tt\\

Milt; oiitur biani'hiiil iin-h provltloil with Hhnit littniy procutmrn; luwrr
|iliaryiiii(Mkl hroiitlur than Ioiik, tho luteiiil halvuH nut llrnily nnitml, iirniiMl
NMili xillii'orni trrth, an*l with 2 iowh of Mtion^or lonit-ul t««oth alon^
111 niitltllc. HrildiHh ttlivi', nnirhhitl with blackJHh, tho hittur coiur t'onn-
iiiL;7rathur ii'i»Kular trunHvri'Ho ItandH, noniM oi' which oxt<>n(l on doi-Hui
I'm : liully Hilv<ti'y, niarlil«*«l with hIat'liiKh; o|M'rrlitH iimlHonioHiuhiHon hudy
Willi hliiu th>tH. I.tii^th (t inchfH. (inutuinalu. ((ilinthoi.) {irrcijnloiin,
iii.-y;uhir.)

fh, nip* imillilaiii, ISrNTIIICII, ('itt. KimIii'h, IV, I'M, IMtrj, Ouatematu. (Coll. Halviii.)
//' ' '« irriijularU, OrNinKit, KIhIioh Omilr, Am., 4fl7, pi. 7H, tl|{. ", IHilV.

6i8. NEETROPLUS, (ilUKhur.

\,iti„iilu», (irNiMl<:ii. FImIi. OiiI. .\iii., 4ltU, IHII'.I (n,mnl»itu»).

I'liiH KoniiHdiil'oi'H from //oroMiind ("whlitHomn rliii'lly in having antttrioiiy
:i iiiw «)!' Ilal ini'iHui'-lilic tuoth, liohin«l which In a band of villil'unn t«M)th.
Ciiitral Anieiira. ^^'^d(, lu^vf] /v'/>-(»^)/hn, a rulatod guniiH fonud in India;
//r/jor, abdointMi; iiVAui', arniatnru).

II. DorHitl i-iiyM \l\. 11); itiiiil niyM VIII, 7.
,1,1. I''j»ul ni.VH Will, Hi iiimiI inyH VII, 7.

NKMATOIMH, 1ltB«».
NU'AllAill'KNHlH, tUftl.

I1»A0. NIlKTItOPMTN MKMATOITN, (!iliitlit*r.

jload :Ja; depth L'jj. 1). XIX, 10; A.VllI, 7; hcuIch nj-lU-ll.'. Iluud an
lii;;li an \»nn, with uii ndipoHu iironiinonco ovoroyo, whicli rendcrHprotilo of
I'm I'liuad Honunvhat abrnpt ; huoii i atlior couipirHaod anil proiiiiuunt, loiifrth
of Hiiunt ji that ol' head, and luoio than witlth of orbit, which ia nearly j(
luti^th of head; deft of mouth Hinall, uxtundinj; backward Huniuwhat
lii'liind vertical from noHtril; jawH equal in front; teeth in a band, thoHc
of itiitur HorieH );eiiuinu incisorH, which appear to be replaced by Huialler
oiii's. istandin^r behind in a band; iiiciHiU'H V; preorbital wider than eye,
iti|ii:il ill width to interorbital Hpace, whi«;h Ih convex; eye at Home distance
fi'oiii upper profile, nearer to end of opercle than to that of Huuut; Hcales
nil cheek small, in about 5 oblique stories; ponterior limb of preoperciilum
ulioiit twice as long as the inferior, and descending obli<|uely forward;
sriiie.4 on opercleH as large as those on neck ; those near base of dorsal and
(III abdomen very small ; dorsal tin cununencing above vertical from hinder
iiiai'gin of oporenlum; dorsal and anal scaly at base; spines rather strong
the Hixteenth dorsal spine nearly j length of head; soft portions of both
tiiifl produced, reaching beyond middle of caudal; caudal truncated; pec-
toral 8hort«'r than head; outer ray of ventral produced into a filament as
long as the tin; foldof lower Jaw interrupted in middle; 5 series of scales
nil che(!k. Brownish olive, with irregular darker clouds. Length 4^
inches. Lake Managua, Nicaragua. ((Uinther. ) {inj/ui, thread; rrovg,
loot. )

yeitrnplus neinatopuB, (iOntiikk, KIhIi. CViitr. Aiii.,470, pi. 74, flg.4, 18I!U, Lake Managua,
Nicaragua. (Coll. Capt. Dow.)

! M

;»*, Trj<,>»»'i7"-7 -t'/y. ^j-pjv^p-'

r!?ff

li

1542 nulktin /7, United States National Museum.

19A1. NKKTROPIiirs NI(MKA»IIKKHIS, Uill \ MranHfoid.

Heiu! short; depth 2i, D. XVIII, 11; A. VII, 7. Snout convex forwjud
iind siihtruuciited in front; length (or depth) of Hnout ecinalin^ nearly (
thiit of head; intrrobital area convex; preopcrculuni niodcrately ol»li(|ii(.;
Hupraniaxillarics terminating at a vertical about a 2>i>P'^'s length in
advance of orbits; lips moderately developed, the lower interrupted liv
a broad isthmus iu fro,.t; caudal ]>cdiiiicle slender, its length equaling its
height; dorsal spines inereasing in a bold curve from first to fifth, the re-^^t
subequal; the soft rays, when bent hack, reaching nearly to terminal luili
of caudiil; anal Hn commencing about under fourteenth dorsal spine, tlic
lirst 3 spines rapidly increasing, the suceeeding more slowly, the longest,
rays reaching to second tiiird of caudal fin ; caudal fin forming about ] nf
extreme length, its posterior margin traneatcd; ]iuetoral lln extending to
about a vertical with the anus; ventral tin to about the third or fourtli
anal spine, the iilament of the external ray moderately produced. Coldi
olive brown, almost unii'orm; tins also uniform, save that perhaps ;'m'
soft ])ovtion of dorsal and anal are darker at base. Lake Nicaragua, ((iiil
&. Brausford.)

XcetroiUnt vicaraijuennis, (Jiix \ 1!iian8Koki>, Pioc. A<!. Nut. Sci. I'hilii. 1877, 180, Lako
Nicaragua.

619. SATANOPERCA, (J-inther,

(rAI'PATKUUAS.)
Oeophaijitt, Heckei>, Urnsil. I'luss-Fisoho. Am. Wieii. Mus. 1840, :i8;i {suriiiaviennk).

Body compressed, oblong, covered with moderate, ctenoid scales; (!ye
behind middle of head; mouth moderate, the teeth very small, conical, in
narrow bands; fold of lower lij) interrujjted mesially; preorbital deep;
dorsal spiues 13 to 15; anal spines 3; base of soft dorsal naked; eheek
with small scales; outer gill arch provided with a compressed lamolliform
lobo above, its concave side provided with short horny processes; the edj^o
of the lobe with more or less distinct papilhe. Kicsh waters of Brazil iind
I'cru; 1 species entering our limits. This genus is very close to Gcopha-
gus, with which Steindachuer and Eigonmauu have reunited it. The soil
dorsal is scaly at base in (ieophayus. {6arLXva.<i, a demon; itEfJUij, perch;
tlie type species w;».s called a devil, Geophatjus dwmon, lor no obvioii.s
reason.)

I
i

10»2. SATANOi>Eit('A <'ItASSIJ.ABKIS (Steintlsuliiiei).

Head 2!i ; depth 2^; eye 5 in head; snout If; maxillary 3; maudiblo :{.
1). XVI, 9; A. Ill, 8; scale; 5-35-9. Body short aud stout; snout long,
the dorsal outline abruptly iind strongly arched above the eyes, forming
a prominent hump ; ventral outline gently curved ; caudal peduncle long
and slender; mouth moderate, little oblique, maxillary not reach 'ng more
than tf distance to vertical of orbit: ]>remaxillarles protractile; upper lij'
with abroad flap iu front, and strongly resembling that of Ueroa loboehi-

Hi

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. lol3

/,(,s, Imt not tjxteiided in a long flap; lower lip jmrted in tin- niiddlo and
)|r|ii-iidiug on each Hido uh a dap; Jaws eiich with a Itand of Hniall tet^tli,
the liand increasmt; rapidly in width toward tho front, the ontor toeth
.somewhat enlarged, their tips goldrn brown; thuuinall dot-shaped noHtril
iiniror ryo than snout; preorbital about twice diainoter of eye, twice as
liui^ as wid<<, and without si-ah's; opercle and i)reopercle entirely scaled,
till' interopiTcle scalelcsH. Dorsal spines moderate, the length of the first
iilioiit 2 in eyo, that of tho eighth about \ eye; soft dorsal falcate, the
iiist rays produced, rearhing middle of caudal, Ij in head; anal rays
St long, gvaduatt'd, th»i third eipial to length of longest dorsal spine; soft
|i(>rti(»n of anal fab-ate, resembling the corresponding part of the dorsal,
till' rays of about the same length; pectoral reacliing origin of anal, \\ in
IkimI; ventral falcate, the first ray produced and nearly as long as i)ec-
tiual, the spine ecinal to third anal spine. Anterior portion of lateral line
witli 20 pores, the posterior part with about 12, the line broken under the
liist dorsal rays. Color in alctdiol, brownish above, lower parts yellowish,
the scales Itordered with dark brown; traces of 4 or 5 darker cross bars;
clice^ blue. Panama (Steindaehncr); not seen by us. {crasma, thick;
lahrum, lip.)

Cojihagus {Satanoperen) crasitilabriM, Stkinkaciinku, Iclitli. IJcitr., v, 17, \<l. 7, 1870, Isth-
mus of Panama, near Candelaria.

I I

Family (HJX. POMACIONTHID.E.
(The Dkmoiski.i.ks.)

Kody short, deep, compressed, covered with ctenoid scales of varying
si/c; Literal line wanting posteriorly; month small, nsnally with rather
Ht long teeth, either conic or ineisor-like; vomer and palatines toothless;
nostril single on each side, nearly round; preopercle with its posterior
etljfe largely free, serrate or entire; preorbital she.athing the small niiixil-
laiy; dorsal fin single, with numerous strong spines, tlie spinous i»ortion
longer than the soft, which is similar to the soft anal, both tins scab at
hiise; anal spines 2; ventral fins thoraeie, I, .5, the anterior rays, longest,
nsnally filamentous; a sealy appendage at base of ventral. Lower i)har-
yngeals fully united ; branchiostegals 5 to 7; gills 3i, the slit behind tho
last gill very small or obsolete; gill rakers rather long au<l slender; no
labyrinthiform !xppen«lago; air bladder and psendobranchia* present;
l)yloric Cicca 2 or 3; gill membranes free from the isthmus. Vertebrae
12-1-14=26. Fishes of tho tropical seas, similar in mode of life t(» the
Clidfodontidw, feeding on small marine animals and plants in the coral
reefs. Genera 15 ; species about 180, most of them too small to be use^l
as food. They are very active in life and the coloration is usually bril-
liant, sometimes clianging nuich with age. The family shows strong affini-
ties with the Labridw, in its gill structures and pbaryngeals. In other
r(\spect8 i'c approaches the Kfiphosida^, wliile the unique character of the
simple nostril is shared with the Cichlidtv only, from ancestors of which

m

1^:

:^' ■^T'-~\ ::•'- '^-ti^^ -t^^, ; ■

■''•.•'■wr-.-Vr^' rfv- , 1

','!i'

■1 i ■ :-

1544 IluUdiH /7, United States National Museum.

group the /W»a«e«<nrf<»'aro probably deHCundud. (I'omacinlridw, GUuthci
Cat., IV,2-G4.)

I. K<-iUo8liiTKu, '^5 to 40 in Icn^thwlHO xoricM.

I'OMACENTRIN^K:

a Teotli fixed, conical or inciHor-likc, covorin^r noarlj tlio wliulo froo odfje ol" vn-.],
jaw; carnivorouH HpecioH.
b. 'I'oetli couicul, in 2 to 4 sorioH, tlio outer t-nlar^ed and bliintisli; ])r('<>p('ri Ic
ent ir<3 : scales lar^o.
c. Uody BlendiT llie deptli about i len^tli; lateral line subuoinplett- ; tail
deeply t'oi ke;l. Aziiki;,a, (iji.

cc. Uody oblong, tlio depth « to 5 length; lateral line wanting on tail.

CiiKOMis, (ii;i.
bb. Teetli nu>re or less llattened or iiiciHor-liko, in 1 or 2 Hcric^s.

(/. Preoperde, and UHUally preorbital also, .sliarply serrate.

e. Teeth entire, strictly uuiaerial in each Jaw; preorbital not vcn
deep, its edge not notched; snout scaly; lower Jaw naked.

KUl'OMACKNTUL'S, (iJL'.

dd. Preopercle and preorbital strictly entire; snout naked.

/. Suborbitals entirely adnate to th(< cheeks. NKXiLABirss, fii;:;.

ff. Suborbitals not a<liiato to the cheeks.

(/. Teeth enuirgiuato or Y-shaped; preorbital moderate.

.VllUDEKDUl', tlL'l
(/(/. Toot h entire ; preorbital very deep. IlYi'SYi'Oi's, (;2.i

MlOKOSI'ATIIODONTIN.l'; :

aa. Teeth movable, incisor-like, in I row on front of each Jaw; tlie lower jaw
weak, with teeth along its front only; preoperclo and preorbital entire,
snout scaled almost to lips; ]>roorbital notched behind nostril; lower limli
of preoperclo scaled; soft dorsal and anal elevated; caudal deeply forked ;
soft anal rather long, of 14 or 15 rays; herbivorous species.

^IlCKOSI'ATHODON, G'JC,

620. AZURINA, Jordiiu A McGi'cgor, new geuus.

Aziirina, Jokdan &. Mct'iKKCiOii MS., Fishes of tlio Kevillagigedo Islands, 1898 (hirundn).

Thia geiuis is (dosoly allied to Chromis, from which it differs in the loii.i,'
aud slender body, the low vertical lius, the very deeply forked tail, the
pointed snout, and esjtecially in the continiioiis lateral line which exteiids
much beyond the dorsal fin and is wantiuf^ on but 2 or b scales, {aziireiin,
blue.)

l»5:t. AZIJillNA ilIKIlNUO, Jordan iV McCregor, new species.

Head 4 in length; depth H^. I). XII, il; A. II, 11; scales 31; maxillary
3 in head; eye i^; pectoral 1: ventral li ; longest dorsal spine Sij, longest
soft ray I ; second anal spine 3rl, longest soft ray 3 ; caudal lobes 1^ ; middle
caudal rays 4. Body elongate «dliptical, slender and symmetrical; mod
erately compressed; bnout acute; profile slightly depressed above. I'.ye
moderate, larger than in related species; niaxiUary re.ichiiig to below front
of eye. Teeth conical, rather few and small, in narrow bands or almost a
single series Preorbital very narrow, about 4 eye; suborbital hidden lt,\
scales. Preopercle narrov% largely free, its edge slightly crenulate; gill
rakers 36, long and slender; head covered with small scales except throat
and tip of sucmt; those on body large aud ctenoid; lateral line strongly
curved, continuous, extending downward along the tail, wanting on 2 or

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1545

;; scales ouly. Caudiil deeply forked. Color deep stool blue ubovo, Bli;j;htly
]i,il«r below with a tinnooforanKe at throat. Pectoral light yellow, diiaky
at base; other fins black, each with a narrow whitiuh edge. West coast of
Mexico. Throe specimens from (iuadaliipe Island, each 6A inches long. A
l.cautiful (ish with a symmetrical outline, unusual in this family, {hiritndo,
II swallow.)

.\.iiriiia /ii»«nrfo, Jordan &. McCJnEOtiu, new HpocioH, Guadalupe Island.
('ritti'iulPii MctlrcKor.)

621. CHROMIS,* Cuvier.

(Cull. BicUaid

(CIIAUFFK-SOLKILS. )

chromis, CuviEU, Memoirs du Mus. (I'lliat. Nat. 1815 {chromis).
Ihliasex, C^i'ViKU \- Vai.encienxes, Hist. Nat. I'oIhs., v, 495, 1830 {imolatuK}.
I'lircaria, Poey, MemoriaH Cuba, ii, 1!>-1, 1800 (imneta - iniiltilineatun).
.1 iirmin, Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sol. 1863, 73 {imnctipinnit) .
ireliastei, GUni'HER, corrected Hpelling.

Body oblong or ovate, the depth * to Ji the length of the body without
ciiiulal. Preopercle entire, or nearly so; lateral lino wanting on tail.
Month small; teeth small, conical, in 2 or more series, tlio outer series
enlarged and blunt. Scales rather large, 21 to 30 in a longitudinal series;
suborbital and lower jaw scaly. Dorsal tin with 12 to 11 spines; caudal
more or less forked, the lobes rounded or acute. liranchiostegals nor-
mally 5. Pyloric cicca 2. (Jill rakers long and slender. Tropical seas;
sjiecies numerous, varying considerably in form, perhaps divisible into 4
yonora: Chromis, Ilclidnen, Ayreaia, and Fnrcaria. (xpo/ti'i, the ancient
name of some fish, probably a Scia'uoid, from xp^'i'^^^i to n«'igh, from the
iKiise made by tho fish ; akin to the names Gruutor, Croaker, Drum, llogfisli,
ISiirro, Konco, Konca<lor.)

I. IJoily obloug, elliptical, graceful in form, the caudal peduiido limg, the low, poiuteil,

soft dorsal and anal not re.icliing caudal; interorbltal space narrow and high; caudal

deeply forked, its lobes acute.

FuRCARiA (furca, fork) :

a. Dorsal spines 12 ; snout rather acute.

b. Caudal tin with a broad libu'k border on each h)be; dorsal blackish, the last

rays pale. athilohatls, 1954.

bb. Caudal fin without black border, pale or edjied with orange.

c. Color bright blue, with a violet spot on eacli scale; caudal translucent

behind. CYANEUS, 1955.

cc. Color violet brown ; a black spot at base of pectoral ; a largo orange

spot behind last my of dorsal; dark streaks along the rows of scales;

dorsal and caudal edged with orange. multilineatus, 1956.

Atresia -.t

aa. Dorsal s]>incs 13; snout obtuse.

rf. Color dusky olive, the vertical tins and posterior part of the body covered

Willi round dark spots. punctu'innis, 1957.

* The name Vliroiitig, originally used for the European species of this genus, Ohromis
rit romis L ■= Chromis eaxtaneus of authors, has been improperly tr.ansferred by several
writeis to an African genus of Cichlidce, for which the proi)er niinio is Tilapia.

\ Named for Dr. William O. Ayres (1817-1891), formerly of Itrookhaven, Long Island;
for many years the ichthyologist of the California Academy of Sciences ; an earnest student
of fishes.

3030 20

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1540 Bullelin //, United States National Museum.

II. JJody oltloiifc or ovat«', ratUtT diop, tli« caudal pwluncle Hhort, tlie IbhI ra.VH i»r doisiil
and nnal ruacliing pant boRA of caudal; caudal flu moderately forked, iti luhvH
lucHtly rounded ; dorsal Hpiutm 13 or 14.
IIei.iaseh (qAta^u, to f;row warm in the auu) :
c. Dorsal HpincH 13; * interorbital space t broad and flail isli; oye large; body deep.
/. Caudal and otlier llns plain dupky. insolatI's, liiaj^.

ff. Caudal, posterior lialf of dorsal and anal, and wh<du of piHJtorals, deep yellow ;
u blue line on ouch side of head. B.NCIIBYSUBUS ll):>!i

Subgenus FURCARIA, Poey.
I»54. <iIltOMIS ATKILOIUTIIS, Gill.

Hoad fihout 4^ in total length; depth about '^\. D. XII, 12; A. II, IL';
Hcalt's l-:{2 or 1^3-10, 21 pores. Houd longor than high, the forehead ami
Hiiout above nearly rectilinear; interorbital area transversely arched, its
width e<iualing diameter of »'y*J ; preopercle obliqu*', its lower half scarccl v
eniarginate, its angh' rounded; mouth small and very oblique; tcetli
conic, curved, continiions to the angles of the mouth, larger in front,
a transverse row of snuiUer ones behind. Origin of dorsal tin above bi;s(>
of ventrals, spinous portion rather elevated, its last spines shorter tli;iii
the prececdiug; second anal spine as long as the succeeding rays, whicli
are nearly uniform or (^ven slightly increased toward the last; the caudal
fin forms more than a quarter (.27) of the extreme length, its lohcH,
especially the npper, prolonged and pointed; pectorals long and Itluntly
angulated; lirst ventral ray liliforni and equal to the pectorals, its bas^
behind that of the i>ectoral8. Color olivaceous (the type deej) green from
the .stain of a copper tank), the dorsal blackish except last 4 or 5 rays,
which are colorless; a very distinct spot of sulphur yellow just behind
dorsal fin extending obli(|uely downward and forward; margins of cau<l;tl
above and below, black. Length about \ inches. (Gill.) (^ape San
Lucas and southward; rare; 2 or 3 specimens known. («trr, black; lobuhix,
lobed.)

Ohromis {Furearia} atrilohata,'Ji\].L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Scl. Phila. 1862, 140, Cape St. Lucas.

(Coll. XantiiH.)
Chromi* atrilobata, (Jiix, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. ISOIJ, 220; JoiiDAN \ (Jii.bert, Prm.

U. .S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 3G0.

* In the European subgenus Chrvmit there are 14 dorsal Hpincs ; the head is narrow,
and the interorbital space high and rounded as in Vurcana and Ai/regia. The caudal
]ieduncle, as in Jliiiases, is shortish, the dorsal an<l anal reaching pa.st front of caudal.

t AltliouKb the form of suborbital area iu IleUasen srenis to be quite unlike that in F\n-
cnria iind Ohromis. the dill'erence is mainly external. The supraocci|iital crest is not
extended (ui the frontals in any of them. It is merely a little lower in Ilelia.ies, Avitli no
otlier peculiarities in form or extension.

♦Ur. Uiiuther has wrongly idoutitied this species with the ISrazilian species,

Chkcmis makoinatus (Castelnau).

The following notes are taken on specimens of ('. marginatus from Bahia. Dorsiil
spines 12, rather low; scales 3-30-10. Body oblong-elliptical, with long caudal peduncle;
head narrow; interorbital space high, rounded; gill rakers numerous, long an»f slender,
pectoral a little longer than head, not 'luite reaching anal; soft dorsal and anal low,
pointed behind, not reaching base of caudal ; up]>er lobe of caudal longest, the fins dce]>ly
forked. Color, bluish olive, a bl.-ick spot within axil and on base of i)ectoral; dorsiil
bhick, except the last rays; each lobe of the pointed caiK'al black, the middle of the tin
pale ; traces of 3 lengthwise stripes of yellow on the body. Close to (Jhromis cyaneus, but
without blue spota ou the scales.

Jordan and Evit n.attn. — Fishes of h^orth .Innrica. 1547

lO.'tS. niltOMIS CYAXEIIN (Pouy).

Popth 3} in total Icu^th with caudal; oyo '^ in heiul. D. XII, 12; A. II,
IL'. ProUlc of HUont formed by 2 equal curvos; upper lobo of the caudal
loiigei' than the lower; soft «lorHal and anal higher than In miiHllineatux ;
CI ilor bright I'ruHsiuu bliio with a darker violet spot on each scale; back
jiimI vertical fins darker, ventral paler; posterior part of the caudal truus-
liitont. Length 120 nun. Cuba. (Pooy.) (f.i/aHCH/*, ^nxr^eoj, blue.)

liifcaria cyatua, I'oky, MeinoritiH, u, 190, jd. 14, 11^8.5-8, IWiO, Havana.
tl. Hasten cyaneut, OOntuku, Cat., iv, 04, 1802.

I»5«. CIIKOMIS .MriiTIMNKATlS((iui<lieiiot).

llc.ul '.Vi ; depth 2:i ; eye Hi iu head. I). XII, 11 ; A. II, 12; scales l-2S-!>.
I'lOtly elongate, both curvatures about oqual, liciid .slightly concave in
ficint of eye; eye low, a line from tip of snout to tip of opcrcle passing
tliiough lower edge of pupil; maxillary slipping under preorbital, its tip
1). low anterior nuirgin of orbit; a l)and of villiform teeth in each Jaw, iu
Iront of whicii is a single row of conical-pointed teeth, the most anterior
liii nor, especially in lower .jaw; no regular serra- on any of the opcrcufar
boiics, but the procpercle slightly rough at angle, opercle with a single
olituse point; snout ecjual to eye; lateral line ceasing on front of end of
dorsal, with 10 scales; a series of disconnectetl pores along side of tail;
I'diirtli dorsal spine highest, 2), in head; .soft dor.sal pointed, the tips reach^-
iiiu base of caudal, longest ray 1* in head; second anal spine 2 in head,
(■(|iial to soft rays; pectoral eqiuil to head; ventral slightly lilamcntousj
KiH^hing past vent, lMi> head; axillary scale and scale between the tins
long, attenuate; caudal deeply forked, the lobes pointed (the upper lobe
is liroken otV, so that wo cannot toll whether the lobes are e<|ual). Color
ill alcohol, back dusky, becoming ]>aler with bluish on the sides, with
luiiit lines along side of belly, with white below; donsal Idack, the last
I or .") rays white; middle rays of caudal white, outer rays dusky; anal
slightly dusky; pectoral colorless, the axil black, the black showing as
ii small blotch at upper base; ventrals white; a sulphur-yellow blotch
across tail behintl dorsal. West Indies. Here described from a single
six'cimen lA inches long (No. 4903 L. S. Jr. Tuiv. Mas.) from Jamaica.
[miilluin, numy; Uneatiin, lined.)

Ililiati's mitltitincatiis, (Iuiciienot, Itanion <lo la Saura, I'oiss., Cuba, 76, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1855,

Havana; in part; confii.st'd with I\i/j)Iioiiuk incinor; (li'i.STnKit, Cat., iv, 04,1802.
I'liifin-in piinrta,'' Poky, Mciiiorias, u, 105, 1800, Havana.
('hioiiiin multilineatKs, Jordan \. IvinKH, Vnw. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1897, 117.

xir,

8011,

l'i(t«y'8 (Ifscription of Furcnria piincta is in siibstance as follows :
II(a(l'4i in totallenjitli with caudal; dujtth more tliau:!; eyclijin head. 15.7; 1).
II ; .\. 11, 11 or 12; scales ^0-12: soft dorsal liiffli; second anal siiine as lonj; as the son,
liiVM : tip of the ventral lilanientoua. Color violet brown ; base of the jiectoral with a large
liliirk spot ; a large orange .spot close behind Ihe last ray of the dorsal ; each scale with a
liiown base foriiung even longitudinal streaks: a whitish streak along the latt^ral line;
iliirsiil tin bordered with bright orange; an orange border to the caudal, rather faint;
(illier litis growing yellowish at the tip. Gill rakers very long; vertebne 11 -f 15— -20.
Length 5^ iucheu.

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1518 Bulletin ^7, Unikd States National Museum.

Subgenus AYRESIA, ('uopor.

I»57. <'llltUNI8 IMI\<'TII'INNIS ((J<)o|Hir).
(I('..A(;khmihi.)

Head 4; dopth If. 1). XIII, 11; A. II, 10; scalcH 4-2»-10, 18 pur. .
Ito«ly ubloiig, somewhat rujrulurly ollipticiil, thu fuiuliil prtluiiclo loiii;.
Head blunt, short, and dt-up, tho profile abruptly debcrn<liug to the nudhi.
Intororbital space high iind rounded. Lips thit'k, tho lower without I'li -
num. Eye not very large. Teeth moderate, conical, in about 2 series,
the inner very small. C'heekH, opercles, and top of head scaly. i>or.s:i|
si)ineH stitl' and low; soft dorsal and anal rather low, ]>ointed behind,
their tips m>t reacliiug base of (caudal; caudal dee])ly forked; the IoImh
pointed; pectorals and ventrals long. Dark slaty-blackish, with violt t
luster above; some of the scales with a greenish spot or edging; lins
bluish-black ; posterior part of body with small round brown spots, whii h
form more or less regular series ; soft dorsal and caudal densely spotted.
Length 9 inches. Coast of California from Point Concepcion to Cenos
Island; rather common in tho kelj) about rocks; a handsome little lisli.
{imnetua, spot; pinna, lin.)

Ayretia ptmctipinnis, Coopku, I'roc. Cal. Ac. .Scl. 1803,73, San Diego Bay, San Pedro,

Santa Barbara. (Coll. Dr. J. (i. (>'oi)|i«r.)
Chromix punetii)itmii, JoMitKS Jt OiLUKKT, I'roc. U. S. Nut. Muh. 1881, 5*2; JoitUAN \ (.ii.

BEUT, Synopais, Oil, 1883.

Subgenus HELIASES, C'uvior & Valoiu^innueH.

1968. CIIK0MI8 l.XSOLATl'N (Cuvicr & Yaloucieuiies).

(Chaukfe-Soleh..)

Head 3i ; depth 2. D. XIII, 13 ; A. II, 12 ; scales 2^-25-9 ; pyloric ca^ca 2.
Body short and de«'p, with short caudal peduncle; caudal fin emarginate,
with the lobes rounded; second anal spine less than 2 in head. 8tei'l
brown; a curved blue streak between eyes in front, disappearing Avitli
age; many scales on upper and anterior parts of body, each with a bine
spot; tins all plain, dusky; young with a dark dot behind dorsal tin.
Length about 4 inches. West Indies aiul neighboring shores, rather com-
mon about coral reefs; rarely north to Pensacola, in deep water. Here
described from a specimen from the Snapper Banks off Pensacola; a hand-
some little fish. {in$oWu8, warmed in the suu ; from the name " ChauU'e-
Soleil," in use in Martinique.)

neliane* ingolatun, Ci'viEU & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poias., v, 494, pi. 137, 1830, Mar

tinique. (Coll. rit'^c.)
ITcliastct insolattm, GI:nther, Cat., iv, 01, 1802.
Chromis insolatitt, Jordan & Gilbeut, Proc. U. H. Nut. Mas. 1882, 285; Jordan & Giliiei>1'

Synopsis, 012, 1883.

lUSO. CHROMIS ENOHRYKURrS, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 3i; depth 2. D. XIII, 12; A. II, 12 (D. XII, 11; A. II, 11, in one
specimen) ; scales 3-26-9. Body regularly ovate-oblong, the anterior pro-
file evenly convex ; the caudal peduncle very short. Head broad above,

'^:

'm-.

Jordan aud pAcrmaun. — Fishes of North America. 1549

till' iiiteror1)ital Hpart* llattiHli. Mouth Biiiall, ohliiiiio, the Jaws o(|Uiil, the
iii.'ixillary oxtcndinj; litthi past fniut of eyo, \\\ in hciid. Snout short, 4jt
ill lioad; oyo very hirgr, 2\ in huad, much liirjrur than in Chromia ohromia
(ir CliromiH piinotipinnis. Prcorhital entire ; juoopercih) with distinct ohtuHo
MrriiturcHorcrenationH. Toeth slender, conical, in a moderate liantl, thoso
III tiio outer Hei'ies C(msiderably enlarged, l>roa<l and Idiint. (iill rakers
liiMg, not as long as pnpil. Dorsal Homcwhat omarginate, the Bpines
iiiinsnally high, tlu; longoHt spine 1^ in head, the longest soft ray about tlu^
^Mini;; caudal lunate, not deeply forked, the lobes short, the upper lobe
slii^htly longer, about as long as head; anal about as high as soft dorsal,
its second spine Ijl^ in head; soft dorsal and anal rather high, rounded
lii'liind, reaching past base of caudal ; ventruls filamentous at tip, longer
tlian head; ])ectorals about as longaHhea<l; verti<'al tins largely covered
with snuill scales, ('olor, when fresh, sooty-gray, rather dark, a narrow
Mmo stripe from tip of snout obliquely upward and backward across u])per
|i:irt of eyo to above front of lateral line, where it ends iu blue dots; sides
|i:iler ))osteriorly and below; tins dusky, the distal half of anal, most of
soft dorsal, and the whole of caudal and pectorals of a very intense light
yellow, deepest on the caudal; ventrals dusky-bluish, slightly tinged with
yellow; a small black 8])ot in upper part of axil. Length 4 inches.
Snapper Hanks otf Pensacolii and Tampa; known from numer<ms speci-
iiiciis taken from stomachs of Snappers and C»roup»Ms. {tvx(Jv6oz, deep
gulden; ovpd, tail.)

Chi-iiiiits enchijimiug, .IniiDAN it On.nERT, Pror. IT. S. Nut. Mils. 1882, 280, Pensacola,
Florida. (Type, No. ;i0871. Coll. Jordan.)

]. ;

622. EUPOMACENTRUS,* Bleeker.

(PesCADOS A/.ITLKS.)

' I'arapomacentnis, T>leeker, Nut. Verli. IIoll. Maats. AVeten., 11, 1877, S5 {pnlynema);
lowor ,jnw scaly ; Hnoiit Hcaly ; Hiiinons dorsal w itii inciubrano incited and lobed.

/ Amhhjpotnacentrug, iii.KKKEU, I.e., OS (hrevicepg); Hiioutaiid lower Jaw naked.

r.iipmnacentrut, IJi.eekeu, Nat. Verli. Uoll. Maats. "Woteii., 11, 1877, 711 (lividuH)- Hnoiit
scaly; lower jaw naked; lueinbranes of spinous dorsal not notched.

llfafhiipomacenfrui, ISleekeu, I.e., 1877, 73 (albifascintui); as above; membrane of spi-
nous dorsal deeply notched.

i5o(ly ovate, deep and compressed, the profile steep, usually rounded.
Head moderate, nearly as deep as long, the snout scaly, the lower jaw
naked. Mr'vth quite small, terminal, the Jaws equal; each Jaw armed.
with ? ii'"„ie close-set series of compressed, immovable teeth, which are
truncate at tip. Uill rakers long; preoperclo more or less siTrate; preor-
liital serrate. Scales large, strongly ctenoid, the lateral lin«' running
parallel with the back to near the end of the dorsal fln, at which point it
liases. Dorsal tin continuous, with 12 or IH low stout sjdnes; n-embrauo

Tlie following is the .synonymy of the closely related Old World melius, I'omacentrua,
liAriiPKDE, which has, as' far as tnown, no .•\.In"eri<^•ln species; l'o)iiacentrug, Lac(;;im>.I)E,
Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 508, 1802 (;)«i)()) ; I'ristotin, Hi'i'i'ELi,, Neiic Wirbelthierc Fische
icj/nnnntifima); I'nevdopomaccntritii, ItLEEKEU, Natiirh. Verb. Hull. Mautscb.weten. 1877,
:t<J [littumlLs) ; teeth acutely angiilated at tip.

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of Hpiiioiis (loi-Hiil, iiHiiiiUy not dooply iiiciHod uor lobetl, tbo Hoft part i(>n>
or li-sHel»v)it«Ml, itH last riiyH ^nuliijilly Hhortt'iiod ; lowor liinbof proopon Ii>
iiHiiully nioro or Iuhh Hcaly; proorWital iiurruw without doop notch; .uial
lin siiiiilar to Hoft dorHal, with 2 Hpiiu;H, of which the .".Msoiid Ih much tim
iarjrcr; soft rays 12 to 10; dorHal B|)iiuiH with a HJicath of largo HcalcH, tlio
incinltrauca of both dornal and anal covered ImkIi up with Hmall Hcalcs;
caudal fiu nxtro or Icsh t'orknd, the Udx^n rounded; lower idiaryn^cils
trianjrular; ItranchiostegalB 5 or (i. SpociuH nuniorouH, in tho tropicil
8eaH. Species chiotly American, extremely variabln in forui and color, I lie
brilliant coloration apparcuMy do|)und('nt ou Hurroundinf^H. The Hperii.s
are little known and the ciassitication of those found in the West Indies
is, ill tlofault of material, largely guesswork.

I'^iipomncentrun, as understood by us, dilVers from I'omacvniruH <'hiolly in
having but 1 series of teeth in each jaw. In I'otnareiilriia an inner series
of ji few teeth in present, raropomticentriis and .tmbliipoinareiitrua dilVer
from KiipomaceHtriiH (Oiielly in the different scaling of the head. This is a
Miiuorcharaeter, and perhaps all It should be united under the oldest name,
I'orupomacenlnia.

The f(dlowing analysis of species has very little value. I'erhups all (tin
Atlantic species (omitting j>/<(«<//'o«n) are veducible to 2, /««<•«« and Iciiin-
alUtun, and these 2, if really distinct, (;an not always be separated with cer-
tainty; lem-orun nndjlarilati>» an- certainly distinct from Jnnrna, and thus
far w<^ have found u'< HJ'r'.niim also distinguishable. Our species, so faras
known, all belong to the section I<Jiipoiiui<cnli'iiH, which is regarded liy
Itleeker as a genus distinct from I'arapoiiiavenfrita, being chielly distin
guished by the naked lower jaw. J'erhai)8 the 2 genera should be united;
but not having seen specinums of I'araiiomncetUrun, we hesitate to plac <•
our species in it, though they evi<lently should not be left in romarentrns.
(F.V, genuine; /'omacew<r««, which is from ;ra>/<(i, opercle; Ht'yrfjoy, spiiio.)

a. Upper anterior iirolllii of lieiul arclied.

h. Dt'ptli (if body inoilenite, IJ to 2,', in Icn^tli, without eiuulal.

c. Lower jmsterior liiilCor body dark, like, tlio iintcrior half; caudal llii mostly
dusky.
(/. l'c<;loi,il fin witli a liroad white edjfo. LEUt'ouus, ISfiii.

(Id. Pe(''(tral lin not ud^ed with while.

e. ;»epth of body IJ in l('ii<;th of liody (without caudal) ; sideHwItli
faint cross streaks. ADUSTUS, I'.Kil.

cc. Depth of body 2 to 2^ in length.

,/'. OperchMvithout dislinct dark H]>ot; caudal not tipped with
orange.
//. Anal without distinct blue spot in its posterior axil,
except in younj;.
/(. Head witli few, if any, HUiall .accessory scales.
i. ISase of |)eetoral with one black spot.

Ki'sciT.s. 19(i2.
ii. Haso of pectoral with two black s]>ots.

DIKNCKtlS, 190;i.
/(/(. Head with very many small accessory scales,
especially on forche.id and front of opercle.

KKCTIFILKNUM, 19tU.

gg. Anal with n bluish spot at base of last ray; lie.td and
tins nnu;h spotted with blue. ANAUS, 1*JC5.

Jordan ami Ivvennann, — Fishes of North A merit a. 1551

Jf, ()|H)n^lo witli II iliHliiii'l dark Mpnt iiliovi'; |i<'ctornl with n

<larkH|iot; tipH ol'iill tli<tiliii4<>rikii(;t<. oroi'iiouix, 11)0*).

ce. Lowor poMtorior liiill' of luxly unlike iiiil(>rlor jiiirt, ImiiiK iiioro tir IfHx

nbriiitlly liriKliI yt'llnw; ciiiitlal tin liri);lil y»llow ; UHiiully a liliir hiioI

at l)aM<< (it'laxt ray ol'anul.

j. Ro|{ion liolow lati'ral lint> with many Ulmi spots. i.Ki'cosTioTiTrt, lllflT.

j}, KoKion lirliiw laliM'iil line \s Itli I'cw liliiit Mpotn or noiit'.

k. SUIus ol'liack witli two roiiud diiHky spots on t'ucli shl)'.

I'LAVIVKNIKU, 11M18.

kk. Siilus of Itai'k willioiit vnnnd dusky spots as aliuvti; dorsal, in
yoiini;. with a coUHpicuoiiH ocollns; colorH vory lirilliant.

FI.AVll.AriS, lliCU.

hit. Dtiptli of Imdy aliout 'i:\ In htn);tli : posterior lialf of liody yrllowisli ; tinH willi

more or l((ss yellowish. I'AUTrrus, I'.tTO.

ail. Upper antorior ]>rotllu uf head straiflit, not art^lied; liody and tins nioHtly dusky,

with pale spots. I'I.a.mkuuns, 1U7I.

Subgenus EUPOMACENTRUS.
I»A0. KriM>.MArK\TltrS I.KK'tHli S ((iilhert).

Heiid 3Jt; depth 2. 1). XII, 1(5; A. II, 13; lateral line with 20 poros, 7 to
!) crossrows of sciilos iichiixl its oiul. Posterior iiiiiifriii of ]>r«M)p«r(;l<) iiiiil
lower «'tloo of suborbital riiij; serrulate; bocoikI anal spine very stron^j,
iiieasnreil from ba.su of sheath much higher th.-in any of the dorsal spines,
,'ind as high as highest soft anal ray, its length containeil \\ times in Iki.-kI ;
margin of :inal rather bluntly rounded; the soft dorsal pointed, but not
much produced, the longest ray \\ in head; caudal lunate, the lobes very
bluntly rounded, the upper longer th.in the lower; ventrals with the outer
ray jiroduced, reaching past vent; ])eetorals broad, rounded, Ij in he.id.
interorbital region transversely convex; anterior prolile arched, a slight
(lepressiou usually to be recogni/ed on luipe and on snout. Head and
sides brown, darker on the upper half of body ; no blue spots or lines, and
no yellow; caudal peduncle brown like rest of body; all the fins Jet-
black, the pectorals abruptly margined behind with pure white. Numer-
ous specimens, \\ to .'>.} inches long, were taken at Socorro Islatul, one of
the Kevillagigedo group, otf the coast of Mexico by Gilbert and later
by McGregor; a well-marked species, well separated from the others.
{Xevuoc,, white; o/jog, margin.)

I'iimaeenirn* i»"«ci)i-i(*, (iu.iiKUT, Pr tc. IJ. S. Nut. Mus. 18iU, r)54, Socorro Island, ((.'oil.
AlhatroHit.)

IftGi. KlIPOMACENTltrS ADIKTIIK (Troschel).

Depth 2.V in total length with caudal ; eye 3.J in head, c(|ual to snout. 1).
XII, 14; A. II, 13; preorbital aiul suborbital finely toothed ; caudal forked,
tlie lower lobe shorter. Brown, tinged with violet, crossed by darker ver-
tical lines formed by edges of the scales; a black point in the axil at the
upper base of the pectoral; no dark scapular spot, no white spot at base
of last anal ray; head and base of anal with some sky-blue ])oints; young
with ocellus on base of the soft dorsal ; some specimens with caudal
yellowish brown, as also pectoral, ventral, and tip of the anal; interme
diate between K. olophonia and A', .nivthiiriia. Length 3.4 inches. Cuba

■■■'I

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4

1552 Ihilletin ./7, UniUd States National Afitscitm.

(ro<\v; tloHcriptinii of P. ohnouraliin) ; n iloiibtfiil HporioH, porliiipM ilifTurin;;
I'roiii !■!. flint iiM ill t\ni iiinru ttluiigatt) hutly. (uilnaliiH, t*vorv\ioi\.)

I'omaenUriin adimtun, 'I'Hohciiici.,* in .1. W. von Mitllor'H Ui>iM«ii in Mnxicii, iitG,,6.13, liiU,'i,

Mexico.
I'oiiiacentriin ohinirntiit, I'ukv, l'',niinii<riitio, I0|, |H7ri, Havano.

ItMl'J. KirOMUIKNTKIM Kl SCI H (i in In \ Viiliiiclniiiiw).

(MAIIIA Mnl.l.K.)

IToiKi:^; tlfpth'J to 'J] witlioiit fuiKlul ; oyu :< in IicikI; Hiioiitlt. D. Xll,
\'.\ to l.'i; A. II, i;{; Mc.iltw ',\-'2H to ;U)-!». Mody roiiipi-rHHiMl, «lorsul uiitl voii
trill oiitliiiOH Hiiiiilar, prollle t;uiiv«)\, inoro so bntwoni tlio oyuH; iiiuxillary
Hciiroi^iy nMU^iiiii); vorticnl from trout of urliit; poHtorior iiiar^iii of ])r«>o|i-
tn-v.h^ tiiid iiilitrior niai');iiiof Hiihorliitnl riii^ MciriilattMl. (iill raltoi-H Hiiiall
and weak, iiboiit S on lower part of autorior anli ; tips of purtoraln Hcarccl\
roacliiii^ tlio v«ait; vuutralH roauhiii); to or Hiiglitly luist vuiit; lioad willi
very low, if miy, Hiiiall accoHHory Hcalus. Older u\aiii]dcH ( U incIioH) lia\(>
shorter vcntriilrt, inoro proiiiiiieiit NorratioiiH on ]>i'oo(i(!rr]o, a tlet^por Itody
and li^litttr and inoro iiniforni color tliaii Hinaller Hpoc.iinriis (;{ iinliuH in
lougtli). Color dark brown to noarly black, «Mlji;es of Hcalcs darker, forni-
in>; narrow v«<rtical croHsbars inoio diHtinot in Hinaller KpeciinenH (;i inclicH
in length); Hiih all dark brown to black, a black axilluryKpot, afewoliHcur"
white dotH on bead and abunt bauo of unal; no white npot on hiHfc an.ii
rayH. Very yoniijr with an ocelliiH on doiMal tin, and a dark Hpot on caiidiil
Itednndo behind Hoft dot-sal. In nono of our HpeciiiieiiH is the caudal yel-
low. West Indies and coant of Brazil; north to Key West, about coral
roofs; coiniiioii aud variable; the Hpeciineus above described from Itahia.
A specimen from Key West has more blue spots. It hcciiis to correspctnd
to PomuecntvHH atrocjianeiis, which species wo can not separate from liiipo-
maveiiti'KH fuavHH. {J'hscuh, dusky.)

J'oniaeeiitrui fuKCUi, CuviKii it Vai.enciknnkh, Flist. Nnt. Poins., v, 4:t2, 18:iO, Brazil (<'oll.

Uolaliimlo) ; UOntmku, Cnl.. iv, :n, 1H02; -Ioiidan, I'roc. IT. S. Nat. Mhh. 1890, DU'lt.
I'omacentru* varUihUix, (Ja.^I'KI.nau, Ai'lni. Xoiiv. ou Kiirivs, PoisM., 0, pi. 3, fly. 3, 1855, Bahia

(Coll. Ca.stidnau) ; tisiiro dliowintr ;au(lal broTfLiii-yolliiw.
Poniaccntnis atruc!ianeus,\ Poey, Muiuorius, ii, lUO, 1800, Havana. (Coll. Poey.)

1««». ElP0.MArKXT«r8 lUENC.KrS, Jonlan & Kntt^^r.

Head 3-1; depth 2; eye 3^ in head; D. XII, 15; A. II, 13; scales 1-28-0.
l?ody elliptical, the dorsal and ventral outlines about equally curved;
snout short, not projectino;; maxillary reachinj; vortical from anterior

* Tlio following in tlio substance ol" llio oriirinal iloscriptionof tliis s]>(>rlc8; l)oi»tli 2J in
total with caudal (about IJ without). 1). Xll, 15: A. II, i;i; P. lit. Intciorbital liiiK con
vex; upper prollle of head arched; Huliorbital rin^', oxeeptiiif; the lir«t bolu^ dentate;
ventral nnxlueed, its tilainontous ray not reaehin>r the anal; caudal einarKiuatt! with
rouniled lobes. Color brown, with vertical bars extending downward and somewhat tor
ward, correspondiiiit to the ed"jin;;s of the scales; tins all brown ; tlie pectoral blaekisli;
a few faint ]iale spots ou the suborbital ring, and on the dorsal and anal tins; u black
spot on b.icli of tail and one in axil of itectoral. Coast of Mexico. (Trosehel.)

\ Pomacetitrim atroryaneuii,Vovy. Form rather more slender than in I'oiiiitcfntriis old-
phorun, its heights in total length, the head 4.i; eye ll.J in head; maxillary reaching front
of the eye J blacki.sh bliu\ with inauv Idue spots uelow the eye and on the clieoks, and
HOinetinu^son the back; iipptir lobe of the caudal a little yellowish ; a large, black jtoint at
the base of the pectoral above. Length UIU nun. Cuba(P°oey). (aCcr, black; Kvai'eot, blue).

fit

mi;

Jordan and /Cvtnnann. — Fisfus of North America, 155.'$

iiiiirK*i> "'* *'!'''!' ! <<>)' )tlH<')><I iiImivo |ii'<-iiiaxi1lArv ; HiilMH-liittil willi 1 row
III HtiilOH, liinlv Hfi'i'iilr iM'hiiiil iiiitlilln of rye; t I'oWH of H«'ulrs oil
ilit'ok; |ii'(top<'rcl«) llnuly Hcrriilt- mi ii|t|H>r litiilt, Mii> H4Tni< Himicwliut
In^crat iiii^li-, a lew on lowi^r limit iicnr iiii^r|i>; opi'itlc with 2 ohtiise
|)iiititN; liituriil line D'nsin^ iiii<lnr thinl to lU'tli I'.iy of ^4o^t iloistil, with
17 lo 1!>Nnii)>N; iiitirKiiis of H|iiii<iiis iloiHtil iiriiilv hori/ontal lifliiml thinl
-jiiiKS th« litHt iiiMl hifjhi'Nt Hpiiio liriii^ 1') in hrii<l; Kol't ilorsal H4inH>\vhut>
lii;r||or, poiiiti'tl, till- oijLihthaml hifflicHt ray t,'. in hrail; anal similar to Nol't
iliirsal, itH lii);;h«>Ht ray 1,{ in liuitd; tip of hoII iloiHal rxtonilinj; lM>yon)l
that of anal, nlinoHt to mitltllc l«>u^th of niutlal; cantlal forkt-d, tho IoIm-h
iiiiintlnl, tho npp«n' a little lon^rr than ht'iul, ,', lont;<>r than low*^', niidillo
iiiNsot'lIn \\ in lon^rst; vcntrals Hlj^htly lilaniiiitons, t-xlundinK li*>yon<l
origin of anal, slightly longi r than thi' iippor ranilul 1oIm>; h-iiNt tlnptii of
ranilal ptMlnnch* ){r«>att>i' than itH ItMi^th, 2,'; inhfatl; a row of Hrahm on
tin' inrnihianr of <>v«M'y I'n.v in tin^ vntic-al llns, thosr on HpinouH tlornal
l:U';;or and rxtciulin^ nearly to margin, thoHO on soft portionn (d' vrrtical
I'liiK snialltM' (tlio rayH lirin;; rlosr to^tdhfr) and rxteiidiuf; alxnit halfway
III niar<j;ins; axillary scale <d' ventral not iiinuh develojttitl. Nearly nnil'oiin
ilii»4l\y, the tipK of tho scales lighter, thuH forming more or less distinct
Mitical streaks id' liK;ht and dark; tins nniforndy Idack ; a dark i4pot at
iip))er haHu of pectoral and another at lower ; opende darker than snrronnd-
iiiy parts; a few very faint lijj;ht |)oints Itelow eye. Tho specimens here
ihscrilted have l»een compared with spei-imens of l'jiii>omaor)itrtiM Ihuciih of
similar si/.e, from Alhrolhos Islands, lira/.i), to which speiiei. they artt
laost closely related. On i' specimens have the candal more deeply forked,
ilie dorsal and anal higher, tlu> vertical llns Ichs densely scaled, th«« axil-
lary scale shorter, nnnh lon;;er ventrals, the candal and pcctoralu not
li;r)iter than (dhcr tins, and two dark brown spotH at haso of jtectoral and
tli(( axil entirely hlack. damaica; types, 2 specimens, I inches long, No.
I!U>!» L. S. .Fr. Univ. Mns. (iii'i, two; AW'«<r/'(*?, hranded.)

i:iil)ninai'intriiitHfncifiis,,Jo\ti>AS iSi.livrrKU, I'loc. A«. Nnt. Sci. I'liilii. 1897, 1 1(1, Jamaica.

(Coll. RolllTlH.)

1004. KirOMAt'EMKI S ItKt 'TIFIt.KMrM (<;ill).
(I'KBf'Ano Azi:i..)

Head 3J; depth 2; D. XII, 13; A. II, 13; scales 3-28-9; eye 4! ; snc ut 2i? ;
dorsal lobe 1;^; npper caudal lobe li] ventrals IJ; pectorals II Preor-
hital and preopeivde strongly serrate. Teeth lirm, llattencd, not notched,
('aiidal Innate, the upper lobe the longer; dorsal and anal rounded in
tho adult, angular in the young; ventrals tilaniontou.s, reaching front of
anal; poctor.al reaching vent. (Jill rakers short, slonder, weak, unnier-
(iMs, altout 10 on the lower limb; scales on head with nninerous small
accessory scales wedged in between the others, «'8pecially on top of head
and on ojusrcle.

"The color in extreme youth, as represented in a sjiecinien 8 lines
long, is reddish brown, with blue lines oblicpiely crossing each scale, and
forming as many subvcrtical, scarcely interrupted blue lines crossing the
body as there are rows of scah-s. On tho back and lower part of the

■t-

'A=;lf^

.k

\nn\

linllctin /7, I 'nilt'd Stati's Xational Miisrum,

lit

?!'

aiit«*rior Hoft ilorNul Ih u liirm<« nci'lliiN, iiiitl Ix-liiml tlio llii Ih ii Hnmllrr niic.
'I'lio liitiiil iiliovit liiiK ,' voiy (liMtiiift, liliin liiK'H coiitiiiiicil rniiii i\w Hiiimt
over nitch I'y**, whon* tlioy aro inoHt tliHtaiif, iiihI ii^aiii approxiiiiatiii){ ami
«-(iiitiiiii<*«l, I oil itat'li HJilo ol' tint l>aH<« of tlio ilorNal liii, hut, iiinlfr tlir
till lulliur lirokt'ii into ii liiii>ai- lew of HpotM; jiiiotliitr liii** (U'oHnrH tint t<yc
hall tiliovf, ami hfliiiHl lli)< ii|)|m'I' an);lo of tlir orhit in u lino wliiili in
rontiiiiUMl to till) row of NcaloH ahovo tho latoial lino; a har <'|-ohn«>h tlu'
pn-orliitiil ; a llm> niiiH iiion^ tlio Hiihorhital chain; anotlnti' lino ostcmls
hiM'kwanl IVoin tin- ronicr of the inoiitli, ami nnilcr Mio Hiiitorhitiil om ,
iind a hino lino t'olotH tlio iippor lip. On oacli ctf tlio opoicnlar Nrah'H Ih a
hliiiNli bloti'li. 'I'ho iloi'Mal iiiitl anal tins aio Hpottod with hliii>, a Npoi
oviHtin^ on <-arh Hrair, and a hhm bur ci-omnus t.ho Iuihi- of tlir hiHt anal
layH. Tlio oaiidal Ih lirowniHli, iih aro also tlio prrtoralM. Tlio vintiaJN
dark, and tho Hpiiio oiitNido hliiisli, liko tlio front of tho anal.

" TlioHU <'<dorH aro rctainod until tho lish has attainrd a ioii^th of mori'
than '2 imdios, tho chiof than^^o hciiiK oliortod iiy llio slightly {rrrator iHola
tioti of tho HpotH on tho rowH ahovo tlio latoral lino, ho aH to hrcak tlirir
rontiniiity an lint>H; ami oHpocially in tho fading;; away of tin- hliic iIiih
and oi-t'lliiH of tiio doiHal, which has then hcctniic vory fiiiiit and iu tlu>
IliHt todlNappcar. rinaliy, in the vory a^cd individiialH, iiioro thanit iiiclns
loiif;, tho color of tho body und Hcaly |iortioii of tho tiiiHhaH hocoino alniost
a nniforni browniHh chcHtnnt, anil vory itidlHtincI traccHof tho Much on tlic
iippor snrfaco and HJdus of the head arc peri'cptilde. The nuked porliunN
of tho dorHal and anal, as well as tho vontral Iiiih, aro very <lark, and the
pectoralH yellowish. Tin' ]U'olihi is alHi» appaiontly Hteopor and nion
coiivox, and the body iiion- obese.

"This NpocicH iindor<;ocH ^roat change with np', and on two siiitoH ol
HpociinenH two noiiiinal species wore formerly based, the author having;
boeti decoivcd by the comparatively loiifr rotontion of the colois of tin
yoiiii^ in Hoveral individiialH, and the oarly assumption of tho adult Htatc
by others.

" In HtiKlying the developniont of this species, I liavo had before mo nol
loHH than '^'2 individuals, exhibiting every gradatimi from the specinien h
lines long to 1 nearly \\\ inches long." (Ciill.)

Our Hpeciniens confirm this excellent account. On comparison of tluN
species with E./nxviis, the only constant dilVerence wo note is that of the
increasitd number of Hinall accessory HcaloH about tin; head, and tho sonie
what broader preorbital of Knitomavenlritx reili/rdniiin. Length (t inches.
Cape San Lucas to Panama; abundant in rock pools; a beautiful little
lisli. {rectKH, straight; frwuiim, bridle.)

I'oiiiacvntruH nrti/rivninti, (Jil.i-, I'loi. Ac. Nat. Sci. Plill.i. isn2, U8, Cape San Lucas
(Coll. Xantus); (iCNTHFii, Cat., IV, i!0, 1802; (iil.i,, Pro.', Ac. Nat. .Sci. Philn. 1H03, lil.'^i;
.loKDAN \ Cii.MKKT, Proc. U. S. Nat. M118. 1882, 3(1."), ;i77.

I'omacentniK analiijutta, (JCntiieb, Cat., iv, 27, 18()2, Cape San Lucas. (Coll. Xautuu.)

1»66. KI^POMACK.XTKIS A.NAMS (Pooy).

HeadSJt; depth 2 (2.^ in total). D. XII, 14; A. II, 12; scales 3-28-10.
Kody rather deep, the anterior pndilo much conve.K; interorbital space
strongly convex; eye longer than snout, 3.1 in head. Preorbital and pre-

m-

JoKfnn ami /\i'trnin>in. /'islits of Xortfi .hmrnv. IrtAr*

oponln hIiiii ply HcniktM. ('niiiliil vm'II forKoil, the iippor IoImWIio loiif^or,
«*Hpi-ciiilly in iihiIuh. I.itwt'i- liiiili ofpi-citprrflo Hcaly. II<mi<I oxcopt Niioitt
Mcitly. Sooty Itliin-ltlurk in lit'o, not piilor ImUow ; oinli hciiIo of Ituck anil
MiilrH witli iin infonMpiriiouH l)i-on/«-ulivr Hpot ; ii faint pnUu' Inintl uiountl
raiitial piMhnx'lo; Ih'ikI witli Hintill HpotH of hK.n lilu<>, tlioHr Iti'foro «\vo
iiMiiM);: iriH hlnoaiMl K'lt ! HpinonHtlormil with hln<^ iin<l with liron/oHpotH;
soft ilorHiil witli lino III no (tointH; «l<M'Hnl with ii siilinnir^initl hanil of piili-i ;
lliis hand on HpinoiiH tlorsul fornii'tl of L' oitlii|nt« v<<llo\>iHli HtripcH with
a IiIuImIi Htripi' hrtwrrn thcni; cantliil hla<l\, paler at tip, itH hano with
hliiK HptitH; anal liliick, with liino pointH at ItaHr; a whitiNh Hpot ni itUHc of
i;iNt my; a conHpicnoiM bhick Hpot at hiiHO of npp«M' portoral I'.iyH; no
hiark hlotch on hack of tail. I.fni;;!!) I inchon. Ilrro <lo.si rihi'd from
Hpt'ciniunH fnnn K(>y Wont; th» npoiMi-H purhapH not dintinct from I'Uijtoma-
iiiilniit leitioHliitiiH, (aiiitliH, from th«> palo tiiitil Hpot.)

I'limai'i'niriin aiiali$,' I'oi:v, Syno|mlH, :127, IH<i7, Havana.

I'liinaei'iilriiii ohnfiniilnn. AiinitAN, I'roc. U. S. Nut. Miih. IHH4, i:i:i, in |iitrt; iUtH('i'i|ilion iil'
■iialrH I'riiiii Ko\ Wi'hI ; not of I'oky.

iimti. Kirpo.iiAt KNTKi s tm»rii<»itrs (!>.>pv).

llrad.'U (i in total); doptli ahont 2 (2)i in total). I>. MI, II; .\. [I, IJ;
Hcali'H :{-27-!l. N'ortfhrato 1 1 4- '■'• -*•• I'rolilo oval ; tint lino of thti foro-
h)>a<l Htt'ttp; Hnont Hlnnt ; niaxilhiry r*-aoIiiii^ halfway to th*M>yo; Hnhorhit.il
and |iroopi'rnlo Hc.rriitvd ; (Mndal Innato, tint np])n' lolto tho longor; jirotoinl
ronn<l<>4l. (Ndor hrown; all i\w hoad, except tho njtnrcht, IdackiMh, iih well
as all tho finn, of which tho ]>ointH aio oran^o; a hlacU H])ot on tlni trnnk
of tlio poi'toral, anotlntp on the optMclu ahove. litMi^tli .'i| inchoH. ('nha
(P<)«y.) Not seen l»y ns. (or?, oar; vW^j/'ro, to boar; from the dark npot
on tho oporclo. )

I'lniiacfntnis iiloiilmriis, I'ukv, McnioriaH, n, IHH, 1X00, Havana.

I»«7. Kl IMmU KNTKI S l.i:i rOSTK Tl S (Miillcr \ Tn.schcl).

(IlKAr (iltKdOUV; (JnCKKYR I'n.OT; lil.ACK IMl.OT.)

IleadSi^; doptbl'l. I). XII, i:Uo 1.".; A.II,12toll; scales :J-29-!». Mody
I'oniprossod, dorsal and ventral nutlinos similar, protilo convex, convexity
more iH'oniinont in interoriiitalspaco; month moderate, maxillary 8(;arcely
reachinjf vertical from front of orbit; diameter of eye IJ^ in head, {greater
tlian tho lonfjth of the wnont; pnioperclo serrate ; Hnborbit.il rinj; denticu-
late in adults (:U ini'hes), HUiooth in tho yonny. Color in life, dark (dive-
itrown anteriorly, clear yellow, with ]»early rellectiouH on Hides ami below ;
tint caiulal peduncle and tin rich golden yellow; head olive ab(»ve, golden
iiolow, the colorn chiino'ing inseuHibly ; head with numerous B]>ots of dark

' I'ojiafentnit nnalit. PoEV. Dojttli 2i| in total Icngtli ; eyo 23 in lu-ad, u« long iiHHnout;
lower opcrcnlnr xpintt very tllHtincI : ]>i't!i>|HTclc :ui(l Hiil>orliital tootlicd. (yolor dark brown
witli liliic (loints on tlio Hidrn of tlio lutatl, homki alonj; tlic trnn)< and many alon;; tlie
iii(<dinn vertical fins; ti|> of tlii^ dorsal mid whole of tho caudal lirowniHli ytdlow ; anal
ItlaekiHli : tlio other tins waslutd with diiHky : a liriKliI point at the liaae of the annl ray ;
voniiK with a Mack ocelhiH liordered with Hky hliie aloii;; the Hoft dorsal; older indivi'd-
iiaiH with 2 lilne lilieH lietwueii the eycH. Havana. (I'oey.)

i!

I .

I ^ ■ ' '

f'f

I

;-^t

^1

1:

W^

1550 Bulletin ^.j. United States National Museum.

blue, closer set above; tliose before eye and on Rnout oblon>y, Btri])e-1ik*;;
these spots ap])eiir bla<-k in life, but in spi'itM thoy become intense sky-
blno, and ultimately fade to whitish; each scale of back above lateral line,
anteriorly with a vertically oblonj; stripe of dark blue; behind and below
tlioso, many scales have each a round point of deep violet; one row of
these on upper edge of caudal peduncle on each side, and three partial
series )»elow lateral line ; dorsal biuish-black, each acale with a blue point ;
last rays of soft dorsal yellow; a black point at base of last ray; a larj^i
blackish blotch on middle of (irst soft rays in the youn^; spinous dorsiil
with a marginal pale band made of 2 narrow stri])e8 of blnlc^b, and 2 of
dull orange; anal g<dden yellow, its edge dusky, traces of a pale spot at
base of last ray; pectoral yellow, a conspicuous blue spot at base above-
ventrals yellow, tinged with bluish; a bla<"kish Idotch on middle of ba
of lower jaw. About iOcks and reela in clear, rather deep water; not
rare. West Indies north to the Snapper Hanks of wesf Florida; common ;
a handsome fish, apparently distinct from E. fuacits, but not always easily
distinguished.

A specimen in good condition from I'ensacola is thus described (under
the name I'omavvntvns vandaliH): Head 3^; depth 2}^,. D. XII, 14; A. II,
13; scales 4-29-9. Form obloug-ovato; the anterior profile moderately
convex. Preorbital and preopercle well serrated. Te»!th moderate, entire.
Solt parts ot dorsal and anal rather high. Upper ])arts dusky ; the greater
part of each scale of a light grayish-blue; lower ])art8 bright yellow, with
scmie blue spots on the scales ; top and sides of head similarly marked with
bluish 8|)ot3 on the scales; a Jet-black, ink-like spot, ocellated with blue
on the back of the tail ; dorsal lin cidored like the back ; the posterior soft
rays abruptly yellow; caudal lin bright yellow, lower fins chu'ily yellow.

We have also the following notes on a specimen from Mahia, also called
"nainlalis;'' it is very slightly more elongate than E. fnscun. Its colora-
tion is largely yellow, the fins not black; blue points on head, base of
caudal and anal; axil dark; a black blotch on dorsal and 1 on back of
ciindal peduncle larger than in the young offiiacua and less ocellate. The
forehead is less docurvcd, and tlnvo is a white dot at base of last anal ray.
Perhaps candalis {^zleitcoaikiiis) also is one of the protean forms assumed
hy fuaciia, and it may be that 7'o»J«tt'entrM8|)i<!/Msof Castelnau, brown, with
the caudal mostly yellow, is one of the forms of the same fish.

{XsvHoi;, whit(!; gr/wrci?, spotted.)

J'omacentnis leuostictus* AFOller &. TROScnEL, in Schomburgk's Exc. Barbados, 674,
J818, Barbados; CiJNTiiKR, (.'at., IV, Itl, 1862; JouDAN & Gn,nERT, Synopsis, 610, 1883;
JounAN, Troc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 133; Jordan &. Boi.lman, Proc. U.S. Nat. Miia.
1888, r>',>2.

'"' I'omaeentnis leucoHtiutiit, Midi, et Tr. nov. spec. D. 12-15; A. 2-13. Black Pilot,
iieau Grejjory.

"This ;-ip«cios agrees with P. /uncus of Cuvior et Valenciennes; it distiugiiislies itself,
however, by numerous white dots, wliicli are especiidly .ihundaut beneath tlie dorsal aud
above the anal lin, where on.i is place«l on each scale.'' (Miiiler & Troschel.)

In tlie younger individuals tlie white dots are mud. nioie distinct, and this may have
indiu'ed the tishermen to g've them the name of Beau Gregory; the full-grown speeiuieii
is calleil Black Pilot.

Mi-

Jordan and livcnnann. — Fishes of North A mo ha. 1557

I'omacentnii eatidalig,* I'oEY, Synopsia, 328, 1867, Havana, yoiiiiH; Joudan &, Swain,

I'roc. V. S, Nnt. Mus. 1884, 545; Jordan, Pmc. T . S. Nat. Muh. 1K90, 325.
l'iiiiiacc>itrtiHxanthiiniii,WoEY, MomoriaH, ii, 190, 1860, Havana.
rvinacentrninlortcpumcans,\ 1'oby, SyuopHis, 328, 1867, Havana.

lOttH. KUPOHAt'KNTUUS FLAVIVK.>TKU (Tioscliol).

Depth 2J ill total Jt'Ugtb witli ciuulal (about 2i without). 1). XII, Ifi; A.
II, i;{; P. 20. lutei'orhital ajiaco convex, the upper prolihs rurved; only
poHteiior part of Huhorhital ring deutati'; vuntrals long, the liliiiiientuiis
t ip8 reaching tip of first anal spimj. Color ahove brown, ]>iiHBing into ytil-
lowish below; bluish white dots only on the head :il>ove and on dorsal;
points of dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal yellow; side lielow
lateral line with some 20 Htraight dark streaks, corresjiouding to the edgi's
i.f the scales as iu L, fuaeii 8] no white points below lateral lino; a faint
round dark spot just below lateral line under si^veuth and eighth dorsal
spines; a similar one under base of first 3 soft rays of tlorsal; a distinct
black spot on ba<'k of tail. Atlantic coast of Mexico. Length 2^ inches.
(Troschel.) Probably i<leutical with /'>'. /mscws. {Jlanta, yellow; venter,
belly.)

romacentru* jiaidventer, Tuoschkl, in J. W. von Aliill(!r'» Ueiacii in Mexico, etc., 633,
1865, Atlantic Ocean.

F--.,

19C9. EUPOMAOKXTRUS KLAVILATUS (Gill).

(PESCADO AzUL 1)10 UOS COLORKH.)

Head 3:^; depth 2. D. XII, 15; A. II, 13; scales 29; eye in head 3A ;
pectoral in head 1^ ; ventral in head 1 ; longest dorsal spine 2 ; second anal
spine 2. Body deep, robust; anterior protil0 more or less convex and
broad; general appearance of A', rectlfnvnum from which this seems to
differ only in color. No blue spots even in specimens 3 to 5 inches long;
posterior part of body, especially pectoral and caudal, light yellow; rest
of body paler than in rvctifrainum but color variable; veutrals black;
dorsal and anal dusky, more or less p.ale posteriorly; pectoral with a
very distinct black spot at base of upper rays. E. riftifrainiim has the
tail and. caudal as dark as other fins, which is not the case in Jkivilatnf
Here described from numerous specimens from Socorro Island, 2 frOi.
Clarion Island, and 1 from San Henidicto Island, the largest about 5
inches long. This is jirobably the adult of the species of which the very

" Pomaeentrut caudalit, POEV. Dark brown ; (.-auiliil ami posterior half of dorsal anil
anal brownish yellow ; sky-blue spots on side.s of head and fror.t of body ; ociiiur s|)(>t on
(lorsal surrounded with sky-blue; a Hitnilar ocellus on l>ack <f caudal which distinguishes
it from analig. Length 2 inches. Havana. (Poey.)

t I'oinacentrus xaiithurtig, Poey. Form of P. otophorus, the profile of the head less
rouniled; maxillary reaching in front of the eye, which is 3J in head; serrations on the
liead weaker; color brown, black above, yellow below: pectorals and ventrals orange, as
is the caudal and the point of the dorsal; ventral filament carmine; a black spot at the
l)a8e of the pectoral above; the edges of the scales darker. Cuba. (I'oey.) Length 4
inches, (fovflo*, yellow; oi-pol, tail.)

I Pomacentrus dorsopunicans, I'<jey. liody oblong; color black, shining blue in life;
lail yellow; an ocular spot on dorsal tin. Length IJ inches. Havana. (Poey.) (dorsum,
)aclc; pimicang, blushing). The species, ''owes its specific name to t' 3 fact that tlio

upper and anterior part of the head and back are reddish, the same as the correapondiug
part of the dorsal.

i I Ft

I

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'^T?^^5»iT^^5v^~"

TW . •''W''"?"

I Ifr •

i>l»^'
I

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If;

1558 Hulh'tin //, Ihiilcd Stales National Museum.

youii^ lin8 Im'i'D named JlavHatim. Th« colorutiuii «»f the young is thus
d»'8('ribo(l by Dr. (Jill:

"This spt'ciRH, s(» far as known, iindergoeH littlu chuugu during ita prog-
resB to adult ago. Tho color iibovu tlie liitoial lin«\ and on tho scaly por-
tion of the dorsal tin before the middle of its Hoft p.-irt, is dark Itrowu,
with blue on tho crntcr of each scale, wliile a large ocellus, very diirk
blue, nuirgined with liglit, iidorus tho back and th<> dorsal tin betwo«>utlic
last spine and the sixth ray ; and a snuiU ocellus is on the back of tho tail
behind thodorsa^ tin. Below the lateral line and behind the (h>r8al ocellus,
the color is brownish-yellow, darkt^r in front aU>ng tlie niargiuH of tlu)
scales, and with an indistinct bluish dot in the center of each scale, except
on the caudal ])oduiich(, where they are abse.it. The head above has 2
blue lines, 1 ou eacli side, continued from tlie snout backward on the
nape; another line is continued from the upper angle of th<^ orbit to the
row of scales above tlie lateral line. A bar crossf s the preorbital and a
line interrupt«;d passes along the suborbital chain; a bar is behind the
ends of the maxillaiy. The scales on the cheeks and open^ula are dotted
with blue. The dorsal tin, behind its produced rays, as well as the atial,
caudal, jtectoral, and ventral tins are yellowish; the former faintly
marked with blue on its scales, and margined in front with dusky; the
ventrals are likewise margined ou their outer edges with dusky."

A specimen from a rock pool at Ma/atlan was colored asf-djows: An
irregular lino fiom snout below eye to soft tlorsal divides the lish into L'
parts; below this Hue all is brilliant yellow with an orange shade, dee|)cst
on anal; above, all is tho brightest sky-blue; scales darker, but all edged
with sky-blue, (! sky-blue stripes on iipjier jiart of head; an indigo spot
ou base of lirst ray of soft dorsal and last dorsal spines, extending on back,
this surrounded by a ring of sky-blue; a similar smaller ocellated spot on
back of caudal peduncle. Length f inch.

Cape Sau Lucas to Ma/atlan and beyond; very abundant in rock pools;
the most brilliantly colored small tish in Mexican waters. Kxcept for the
marked diti'crence in (!olor, the species can scarcely be separated IVoni
E. rerlifnrninii, an equally abundant inhabitant of tho same waters. We
iiud, however, no iuterniediate forms, the 2 8i>ecies seeming to be iier-
fectly separated. It may be noted that a tliird inhabitant of tho same
rock pools, Mivronpathodon boirilii, has almost exactly the coloration of
EiipomavcutriiH JlarilatuH. (Jlaru.s, yellow; latus, side.)

I'lniiacealriiK jiavilatiis, liiM., I'roc. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liila. 13fi2, 148, Cape San Lucas ((."oil.
Xiiiitiis); ((ilLL) (itNTHKU, Cat., IV, 27, 18G2; (Jll.L, I'roc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. I'bilii. 1803, 21.'i;
JouDAN A- Gn.BEnT, Pioc. U. S. ^'at. Mas. 1882, HGO.

11»70. KUPOMACE.NTRUS I'AKTITUS (Pooy),

Height 3i^ in total length with caudal (nbout 2^ with(mt). Color dark
brown, with posterior haif of the trunk yellowish, as also the border of the
tips of the soft dorsal and anal; caudal yellowish, blue jiosteriorly ; pec-
toral orange, less so at base; rays of the tins dusky; whole soft dorsal
sometimes yellowish. Length 8 inches. Cuba. (Poey.) A doubtful spe-
cies not seen by us. (pa7'titus, divided.)

Poiiiaccntms jyartitii*, Poky, S.vu(ii)8i8, :i27, 1807, Havana.

Jordan and Jivennann. — Fishes of North .Imerica. 1559

I»7I. KM'OMAC K.NTUI S I'LAMKRONS (Cuvier & Vakm iemie«).

(I'KTITK JAylTKTTE.)

I )«i>th 2\ in total leuj^th with (iiuidal. 1). XII, 15 ; A. II, 13 ; sciiltis a-2<.»-lO.
rrolile Irom Hiiout to iiapo ueaily Htraijjlit, intoroiltital H{>ac«^ Hat; j)r«or-
liital riugHt-rratu ])OHt«^rioi'ly only ; caudal ))(MliiiieIe very Hhort; tloi'Hal and
iiiial loltuH 2>ointod. lirown with a hlack 8|>ot at base of puctoral on axil
and oxtuudiug on fin; u black spot hohind doiual on caudal peduncle;
many pale Hjtots on »ide of anal, ((jliinther; Ouvier & Valcncifniu's.)
L(ii>;th 3 inches. West Indieis; iocord«'d I'roni .Jamaica and iMartini(|ue;
little esteemed and abandoned to the negroes. Not hccu l>y us. {itlannn,
|plaue; J'ronn, forehead.)

fumiueiUrm vUiniJrum, (U'ViK.ii A Vai.ex(IKNNK.>j. lliHt. Nal. ToisH., v, 4;!1, 1830, Mar-
tiuique (Coll. M. I'liio) ; GuNTiiiiU. (Jut., iv, ;ta, 1802.

623. NEXILARIUS. (Jilbert.

\r.rilarimi, GiLliLKT, iu .Juhuan &. Kvkumann, (Jhcck-List, filli, IH'.lti (conooio;); iiiisiiriiiled
i\exilan».

TliLs genus is very dose to Ahndefdiif and especially to the section called
r.iiKchiiiUtdns, IVoin which it ilitlers in having (he broad suborbitals entirely
adnato to the cheeks, as in lAfndoziiijuH, and covered by scales so that the
(lutlines can not be traced without dissection. One species known, {ncx-
U'lKy bound down.)

1»7*J. NKXILAItlUSCONrOLOIt ((iill).

lleadSs^; depth IJ. 1). XIII, 12; A. II, 10; scales l-2()-in, 21 itores.
Kody broadly ovate, the anterior profile forming a steep and nearly even
nirv*^ from the <»nout to front of dorsal; intororltital space convex, rather
liioader than eye, which is 3.1 in head; snout 3 in head; prenrbital broad,
not notched, its least depth at angle of mouth 5 in bead, its greatest ver-
tical depth 5^; suborbital bro.id, complet«dy covered by scales, its edge
not free and to I>e ascertained only by dissection; lower lip with a Itroad
ficc margin without metlian frenum; teeth rather broad, deeply notched;
preopertle entire, with a shaUow con<avity itchiud; dorsal spines rather
low, the fifth highest, 2 in head; soft dorsal and -mal moderately elevated;
iil)per lolie of caudal longest and broadest; pectorals !> 1 long as head;
vcutrals a little longer, filamentous at tip. (!(dor diisuy olive, nearly
plain, with tra<'e8 of (3 broad dusky cross shadtss corresponding to those
in .Ihudefdiifderli'ifrona but much fainter; souie faint olive streaks along
the rows of scab's; fins all largely dusky ; a bburk sjtot, broadest .•il»ove,
flowing narrow below, on upi)er half of base of pectoral; Ineast some-
tiiiu with diirk streaks. Length 8 inches. Tacific coast of Central
Amoi a, rather connuon. Here described from specimens taken Ity Dr.
(}i]l»er at Pananui. The species strongly restJiubies Abiidcfduf dvcUrifrons,
liiit ha the ]»reorbital decidedly l)roader, the dorsal sjjines lower, the
black <ioss bauds much fainter, the interorhital space more convex, the
anterior pi'ofile more evenly rounih-d, the snout shorter and lower, besides
the generic character of the aduate prcorbital. {concolor, uniformly
colored.)

lUitfhiiitodus concolar, (iiLi., I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1862, 145, Panama. (Coll. Capt.
J. M. JJow.)

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1560 liullclin //, UnUcd States National Museum.

624. ABUDEFDUF." ForHkiil.

(PlNTAN()8.)

I

if

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If

l^S '

Abiidefdtif, Fokskai., Doaor. Aulin., •'<<'■. 51'i 1775 {uorUidus).
(ilyphiaudon, LaceI'KDK, lli«t. Niit. PoImm., i v, .142, 18o;i {miiiirhana).
KusehModun, Gill, I'loc. Ac. Nut. Sci. riiila. 1862, Ub {doclioi/ront).
(Huphidodon, corrected Hpt'lliiit;.

Body «lt'«'p, c<hiihi»'«s»m1, covcnvil with largi' ctnioiU scales; hiioiU witli_
out scales; pn'opcrclr and prcoiliital ciitirc, the lower limit of preopeidi
scalelesH ; 3 to \ rows of .scales hetweeii lateral line and (lorsal ; teeth com
pressed, lixt'd, more or less diHtinctly eniar^inate, in 1 series in each
jaw, those Itolow occupyin^j most of the free edy«' of the .jnw; .jaws siili-
e«iiiul. Dorsal usually with V^ spines, the la.st slightly shorter than the
median ones; branchiostegals.") or (J; jiyloric ca-ca 3. Lower pharyngeals
triangular. Species numerous; often brightly colored ; about coral reefs
in the tropical seas. \V«' exclude^ from this genus all th«^ species formerly
referred to UhjpUidodon, in which the teeth a,vv iu more than 1 series,
and also those in which the snout is scaly, or tht( low«'r pharyngeals not
triangular. For thes»^ forms different generic names, Ilemviltjphidodon.
Ainbljigltfphidodon, (Uyphidodoiitops, etc., have i»eeu (h-iined by Hleeker,
The genus Stegastcs .lenyus (mhricatuH) is also very close to Ahude/diiJ,
but it seems to hav(^ <'ntire teeth, and the suout and lins arc densely scaly.
The genus NexUnrins is h'ss closely related to Abndcfdiif.

{ahn-defduf, Arabic t uame of the typ'j of the gcuus, Chwtodon sordidux !
Korskal.)

I. I'reoperclo entire.

Gl.Yl'HlSOUON (yAu(i)is, inolsed ; o5oii?, tooti)):

a. l'roorl»itiil very narrow, its least breadth less than pnpil, oven in adult: nntorior

profile of head nearly straij^ht, the snout rather acute: dorsal spines 13; aii:il

with about 12 soft rays.

6. Scales about 4-30-11; green, with about fl dark-blue or blacki.sta cross bands;

depth 1} to 2 in length; anal rays II, 12. saxatm.is, 197!.

- There seems to be no good reason, except its odd form, for rejecting the Arabic name
given l)y Forskal to this genus. Tlic diagnosis given l>y this excellent author is very
])ertinent, and the basisot the uame is the same as tliat of Acantlmnis. Under tlic hcail
of Chtietodon, Forskal observes:

•' Genus hoc sultdivisioncni admittit: («) CH^noooN: dcntibus liliformibus, brevibus,
numerosis, multoruni ordinum, densis, a(Mitis. interioribus sousim minoribus. P. J>i .
radiisO. Spina' 1'. A. 3. (h) Auu-DKFDrF: dentibuHmaxillaribusuniusl'crioi, tiliformibus.
contiguis, submobilibus, obtusis; deutibus fauciuiu nullis; annulo subtus circa oculos.
P. IJr. rad. 5. Spinw P. A. 2. (e) Acanthukus: dentibus nnius feriei, rigidis, acutis, con-
tiguis, vi»l timplicibus vel lobatis. C.tuda iu utro<|ue latere aculeo uno vel pluribus;
exsorto ot rigido; vel mobili et recondendo. Divisiuiu prorsus a Cluetodoute genus;
aliquande propriam constituens familiani.''

Abu(/«'/d»/tnu8 corresponds in general to the family Fomacent.ridw, na Acanthurus io
the Teuihiidido', and it rests on the same basis as th(! iatter name. Probably Forskal in-
tended to furnish each genus with a classical namt!. In the ])ublication '^of Forskal's
posthumous notes, his editor, Carstcn Niebuhr, neglected to do this, and apparentlv wc
have no alternative but to take Ahudefdvf aa its author left it instead of the later olyph
inodon.

tThe name "Abu-defduf," according to Dr. Cyrus Adler, seems to moan " Father (i. c,
possessor) of sides." It would indicate a fish or an animal who.se sides or Hanks are
prominent. To analyze it ; " abu " means father, and " del'," side or tiank. The redu]ili
cation, " defduf,' is a sort of an intensive plural.

I A^M^/e/t/ao/dirfmisaspecies with broad preorbital and anal tin with 13 to 15 soft
rays.

Jordan and livcnnann. — lushes of North Atmrica. 1^)01

I'.fMCllIS'ldlU'S (n"i, Wl'll; O'X'O'TIK, H|ilit; 'nhov%, tooth):
((((. I'rcurltitiil lironil. itH U-aHt lii'fiidtli imt Icsit than tliaiiiitcr of pupil, groatt^r thiiii
)>ii])il ill tliu adult: anterior ))n)til(' of li<;a(l iimru or h-HH nn liotl, tlio Hnoiil low
anil hliint, projecting; liu\iiii<l thi> Hiiiall mouth: unal iiiyH II, 10; coloration ilull.
<•. Dorsal Hpint's i;t; scales 'i.1 or 28,

({. Color olivacoouH with 5 to 7 broad darker ItandH; a lilauk spot on liaHO of

pectoral. DKil.lVinioNS, 1074.

iM. (Jolor ill adult l)rownisli, witli ;;reen dots, not distinctly jjanded; teoth

Huiallcr, 51 on eacii Hide. AN.M.ouf.s, 1975.

vc. DorHal Hpines VI; body with ,'• dark cross bandH, fainter than in A. naxatilis;

scales about 25. i Auuus, l'.>76.

1 1, I'leopercle coar.^uly serrated ; dorsal H])ines lU; scales very lar;;c, 25; body with d;irk

cross hands. uudiis, 1077.

?

Subgenus GLYPHISODON, Lacipede.
lUiii. .Uil UKKDIF SAXATIIilS (Liuiiiieus).

iI'lNTANO; ('OWlMl.OT; CoCKKYK PILOT; .1 Ai/fKTA ; M.VIAIillA RAIADA ; Dt'.MOISKI.I.K ;
Si'.KOEANT MA.IOU.)

H.iul 'M, ; depth 1| to 2. 1). XIII, 12 or 13; A. II, 12 (11 to 13); oyo 3 in
lieiid; snout 1; highest dorsal spino 2; sctilo.s 4-28 to 32-12, 21 pores,
r.ody mtich con) pressed, hack little arched, anterior prolile nearly straight,
iiiterorhital area slightly convex; snout not very ohtuse, the very narrow
picorhital not wide as pupil ; mouth niodemte, the maxillary reaching to
vertical from front of orbit; nuirgin of preoperclo and stiborhit.il ring
entire; cheeks and ojjercles scaly ; eye a little wider than length of snout;
snout not very blunt, the prcorbital low, 2 m eye; fourth and lifth dorsal
spines longest, slightly more than \ the length of the head; from the
tilth to last dorsiil .spine there is ;i slight decrease in length; median soft
dorsal and anal rays the longest, lA to IJ. in the heiid; pectoral (ins rather
long, about }-, longer than head, reaching to tips of ventrals, which reach
iVont of anal; i)ectoral about as long as head; secoml anal spine 1,1 in
licad; cautlal forked, upper lobe the longer; teeth rather deeply notched.
Color in life, bright pale yellowish green; sides with a or (J deep indigo
hands which exte.id on the dorsal tin iind which tiro rather narrower than
I lie interspac(>s, the first from the origin of the dorsal to the pectoral lin,
the second downward from fourth and lifth dorsal spines, the third from
tlie ninth and tenth dorsal spines toward the vent, the fourth from end of
8|)inous dorsal to middle of anal, the lifth below the end of the soft dorsal
;iud continued on the posterior rays of dorsal and anal; a faint sixth bar
.it base of caudal; dark lins violet blue; each scale on lower part of body
with a pale blue spot, those ftn-ming faint longitudinal streaks oiv lower
part of body; some golden on upper part of the body; a black spot at
liast) of pectoral above. Length 6 inches. Tropical America, on both
coasts; abundant in tide pools and about coral reefs everywhere from
(iiiaymas to Peru and from Florida to Uruguay. We are nimble to dis-
tinguish the Piicilic form called troscheUi from the common stixatil'm. Here
described from specimens from Mazatlan, Havana, iind Socorro Island.
(snxatiUa, living among rocks.)
3030 21

, *?■. i

1562 Bulletin ^y, Lhiited States National Mnsenni.

3 ■
J'

.■I
'Jl.

JiKjiiaeaijuan; M AiiccmAVK, HIhI. Ilra/.il, 1048, Brazil.

Vhiriininn rauda h\fviea,faMii$ b-alliU, Linnaki's, Muh. Adolpli. I''rtid<Tici, i, (M, "India. "

Chii'tinUtti naxntilU, Linnaeus, .S.vHt. Nat., Kd. .\,'_'70, 1758; attoi- Mhh. Ad. Fr.; Kd. xii

4(10, 1700.
Chivlod&n mauiitii, lil/ini, Iilitliol., in, 2i;i, pi. 100, 1785, Brazil; on a bad druwiiiK hy

Prince Mauuick.
Vhwtodon marginatut, ItLucii, Iclilliol., in, US, pi. '.2U7, 1787, Martinique; ou a druwlni; li\

ri.i'MiKU.
Olyphixmlon moiicharrii, JiAvi-.vv.UK, Tlist. Nat. I'oIhh., iv, 542, 180U, Brazil, etc.; after v;i

rioim aiitliorH.
CliiHoilon sai-ijoidi'H, LACl^PkiiK, JliHt. Kat. I'oIhh., iv, 4r):i, 18();i, Martinique; on a dniw in;:

liy I'Ll'MIKU.

(Ilyiihidodvn tnmhelii, (iii.L, Prw. Ac. Nat. Sri. Tliila. 180*2, l.')0, Cape San Lucas (Coll
,l(din XiintiiH); (JCNTiiEii, Cat., iv, 110, 1802; (iiix, I'loc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liiln. 180.1 Tl\)

Oli/iiliidodon Koxntilis, C'rviKK \ Vai.ENCIKN.nks, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., v, 440, 1830, (iiNTiii:!;
Cat., IV, :i5; .loHKAN A, (iiuiKUT, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mu8, 1882, 300 and 377; JoiiUAN, l'ro< .
U. S.Nat. Mu8. 1884,134.

Subgenus EUSCHISTODUS, (Mil.

1074. AHI'DKFDrF UECIilVII itONS (Gill).

Head 3.! ; deptli 2. D. XIII, 12; A. II, 10; eyo 3 in hL'iul, e«iuiil to .snout
in the iidiilt; pectorals e(|Uiil to lioad; longeat dorsal spine 2; second uiial
spine 2|'i ; scales 3-28-9. Body compressed, back mucli elevated, anterior
profile convex, very steep, steepest from front of eye to margin of upjicr
jaw; the rather broad preorbital usually wider than pupil, e.specially in
the adult; snout bluntish; mouth small, maxillary not reaching vcrticul
from front of eye, prcnporcle and suborbital with entire edges; preorbitiil
unusually bro;id, growing broader with ago. Diameter of eye greater
than the length of the snout in the young 2 inches long, equal to it in
oxiimplesl inches long; dorsal spines increase in length to 3 and 1 inches,
then decrease to ]a.st sjiine; soft doi'sal and anal with median rays moder-
ately produced, longest dorsal ray IJ in head, longi^st anal slightly longer.
Gill rakers not very closely set, about 16 below the angle; poctoral.s
scarcely reaching tips of ventrals, which reach slightly past vent. Color
comparatively dull and plain ; greenish olive, mottled with light and dark ;
head and all of the fins except pectoral darker; 6 or 7 rather broad, dark
vertical bars on sides of body, extending on dorsal fin, usually 6 befoie
caudal peduncle, these less distinct than in A. aaratUis, growing obscure
with age; base of each scale on lower jj of body with a pale spot, these
forming faint, indistinct longitudinal bands; upper part of base of pecto-
ral with a conspicuous black spot, a good diagnostic mark, varying in
size, largest in older individuals; no blue, yellow, or red in life. Length 1
inches. Pacific coast of tropical America; al>undaut in rock pools, espe-
cially about Mazatlan, where the specimens here described were taken.
{deelivix, steep; frons, forehead.)

Exachiitodus decUvi/roni, Gll.L, Troc. Ac. N it. Sci. Phila. 1802, 140, Cape San Lucas

(Coll. Xantus) ; Gill, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1803, 220.
Glyphidodon decliui/ronv, JonDAN «fc Giujert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 300 and 377.
Abudefdiif declivifron»y Jordan, Fishes of Siualoa, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 470.

RH

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Jordan and l\vennann. — Fishes of North Anwrica. 156.'?

1075. AlillDKFDrF AlS'ALOUrS (Qill).

Iload:J; depth 2. D. XIII, 12; A. II, 10; I'. 1«; Hnil.-s 4-2r.-lt. Similar
ill form to Ahudc/thif thrHrifroiin, tlio teoth Hmallor, 21 or 22 on eacli sidii
in tbo upper Jiiw, 7 of which arc in the dcliectotl portion behind, 2r> on
inch side in the lowtn* jaw; produ<-u«l portion of anal tin rounded rather
than angular. Oolor ]iurplish brown, dottrd with ^n^eii on the center of
isich Hoalo, and with the throat and alidomen t-overed with a lai<*>-color*;d
( oat. ((lill.) Atlantic coant of Central Amuriia; not Huen by ua. lOvi-
(Icntly closely related to .1. tlevHrifronx (whence the nnme a»alo<iii8, like.)

I.iichistodua analoijuM, (Jill, Proc. Ac. Nat. S<i. I'liila. 186:1,21!), Aspinwall. (Coll. liev.
Mr. Kowoll.)

197U. ABI'DKFDI'F TAi:itrK (Miiller \' TroHcliul).

(Dovetail Fish.)

'* 1). XII, 12; A. II, 10. The teolb are noshed. Tlie deft of the mouth
iliK^s not rea<-h the eye; on the angle of the iiiniith the Hiibor))ital bone iu
nearly a.s large as the diainotcr of the eye; the spa<'0 betwi^en tlie eycH is
nearly equal to IJ diameter of an eye. The prolihi is less steep than
in a. saxatillH, and the 5 vertical bainls are less distinct in the present
species. Its length is 7 inches.'' (Miiller 4.V Troschel.) Asi-arceiy known
si)eeie8, ])o8sil»ly distinguished from A. analogus by the 12 dorsal spines,''
possibly i«lenticul with .1. rudh. {taurita, bull.)

Cliiphidodon taurus, MOlleu & Tuoschel, in Schoinbiirjijk'B History of ISarbndoii, 674,
1848, Barbados. (Type in niiiHeiim at ISerlin).

We )dace here a species which, if correctly des<ribed, would seem to
l)elong to a distinct genus. Its atliiiities are, however, evidently rather
with the species called Enschiaiodus, and I'oey's account of the serration
(if the preopercle may be erroneous.

1077. AlirUKFDL'F Ul'UIS (Poi\v).

Head 4 in total length with caudal; depth 2i; eye 4 in head. D. XIII,
12; A. II, 10; scales very large, 25 in lateral lints. Maxillary reaching
t(» opposite nostril; teeth in 1 row, alike in size, all deeply bitid; preo-
percle coarsely serrated, a flat spine on the opercle; btltes of the caudal
rounded, the tin little not«*h«'d; se<-ond anal s]»ine strong; snout longer
than in A, saxatilin; scab's much larger, the pores of the lateral line not
Idanched. Color brown, with 5 broad viTtical bands before caudal,
which descend from the back to the middle of the flanks, where they fade
insensibly; eye blackish; fins dark brown; dai'k bands l)road, with nar-
row inters])aces; 1 dark band more than in A. saxatilia. Cuba; oih'
t'eiiiale 10 inches in length. (Poey.) A little known sptscies of uncertain
relationship. If its preopercle is really serrate, it can not behmg to
Ahudefduf. In other reH])ects it would seem nearer to the latter genus
than to Kiipomacentrus. It is very likely identical with Ahudefduf taurus.
[riidia, rough.)
Ulyphidodon rudis, Poey, Meinorias, ii, 191, 1860, Havana; GCntheb, Cat., iv, 37, 1862.

I., ■

" i'

*- );

!;»;

I

* Acconliiig to Poey tlio type of this 8i)0(;ies has (fido Peters, in lit.) the coloration of
.1. rudin and similarly largo scales (about 25 in lateral line).

w

w

i m

:l

>• ■)■■

ir.04

liullclin /7, VtiHid Slixlt's Xalional Miiscmn.

6a5. HYPSVPOPS, (Jill.

((iAltlllAM>IS.)
nypaiipnpu, (llLl,, PrcK!. Ac. Nat. 8cl. IMilla. l«61, Kl.'i {rvbienndiiii}.

liod.v very tW^ep, c«iv«)ru<l with nithcr lurf^o ctonoid hciiIch which oxfcoinl
oil the I>u8vs nC tlio vurtit'ui fins; laiulal piiluiK'le short iiiiil lUH-p; hiMd
very (luc|i, with pi'omiiK'iit I'ltrehoatI )iii«l siioiit; no scales hel'oro iiustrils
am! none on lower liini) of preoperele; proorhital very (lecp, bnt not so
ilecpasiii MicroHjiatliodon. .linvsHiiliui|ual; month Biiiall ; teeth all narrow .
lixed, entire, those below covering' whole cd^jc ol'thojaw; cainlal eniaiKi
iiate, with roiiiulcd lobes. One species of laiK'" si/c, its coloration cliaii;;-
ing with age. (i-'^^z, bijj;b; (37rc>, below; (a^, eye, i'rom the wide preorbital. i

fi' ■J- ■'■'(.

i

1U78. IIVI>SVIMM>S Itl UK TNIMJS ((iirnnl).

(liAltAIIAIJ)!.)

Head 3H; depth IJ. D. XII, 1(1; A. II, 15; eye l'! in head; snout L'l ;
]ioctoral cqiiala head; hi^hust dornal spine li; highest dorsal ray l^; sec-
ond anal spine 3; Hcales r)-3()-lI{, 21 pores. Body short and deep, ele-
vated and compressed, constricted behind the dorsal and anal, the caudal
peduncle short and deep; head higher than long, the ]ircorbital and sub-
orbital regions being unusually deep; prcopercle entire ; cheeks, opercles,
and top of head scaly, except snout and lower Jaw, which are naked:
mouth small; lips thick; teeth compressed, narrow, blunt, and entire, in
a single row, dark at 4ii>s; gill rakers short anil flexible, about 34-1-:
preorbital anteriorly as wide as the eye, about 4A in head in adult; cheeks
with r> or (» rows of ratlier small scales, opercles with several rows of larger
ones; preorbital witli small ciow<led scales; lips thick, the lower without
frenuni ; soft fins rather high ; pectorals reaching to tip of vcntrals, nearly
to vent. Adult uniform deep scarlet in life, unmarked, edges of fins
dusky. The color of the young of this species is ciuito variable, and dif-
ferent from that of the adult. The Adlowing account of the c(doration of
the yonng is given by Miss Rosa Smith (now Mrs. C. II. Eigenmann) :

"Hitherto only the adult form «)f this species has been known, and its
uniform deep scarlet coloration has been (;onsidored to form a marked con-
trast to the coloration of the other species of I'oinacentrita. I have lately
secun'd numerous young specimens, and find their coloration (|uite ditl'er-
ent fnun that of the adult, aud in general similar to that of the other
members of this genus.

"The ground color is dusky s<'arlet, with num«.>rous markings of an
intensely bright blue, which occasionallj' changes to bluish green. Two
series of elongate sjiots form a blue stripe on either side of the median
line, between tij) of snout and beginning of dorsal fin; a line of blue on
superior margin of iris is followed posteriorly by an irregular series of
blue spots above the lateral line (the individual spots not quite e(|ualing
diameter of iris), the last of these spots is larger than those which precede
it, being I of the orbital diameter, and extends up to the base of the
dorsal fin at the i)ostcrior third of the spinous portion; theuce very

«,i),

Jordan and /'h'ennann. — Fishes of North America. 1505

Niiiall (lota oontiiiiu) to Mhi I'litl of tliu dorHiil Ihi, (luHcribiii^ a curve wliicli
I'Siictly oiitliiU'H thooxtontto whit-h st-iileH cover tlu« ItustMtf the articiiliitit
ilorsal I'liyH; nc(>iiH|iiciiouH l)luc npot or bur croHHUH top of caudal pu«liiiic]c
I'loHc to the ])OHt<'rior iiiHcrtion of thuHnl tin. Oiu'or iiion^Hiiiall MnuHpots
lit liaHc of caiKlal. The Hpiiio of first ray <»f ventral blue; Hpinos and tipH
of anterior rayu of anal hliie; a nearly round Idne Hpot on po.sterior
part of anal near its base. Sides of body iiioro or less dotted with blue, as
MIC also the (;lioeks and opcndcH. I'ectoraiN and <-andal Hcuiitransparmt,
plain reddish, (iround color of anal, bright red. Dorsal tin dusky, with
minute blue dots anterior to tlie markings niontioued. Abdomen and
under surface cd' tbu head lighter, immacniate.

"Tlio description is made from specimens lijtoli inches long. .-'iM-ci-
iiKtns less than 1 inch lou<r have the spinous dorsal almost wholly blimand
;ill the nuirkings lar^^cr, while an individual S.I inches long shows th*>
iiiarkinf^s similarly )dacud but relatively smaller, and the ground color is
more olivaceous.

'The tin rays are proportionately higher and the eye relatively larger
than in the adult. The suborbital and preopcrcle are without serrations,
rhc small o])ercnlar spine, unlike that of the mature form, is smooth and
wholly without denticulations. The greatest depth of the body is about
^ the length.

"These brilliant little tishes inhabit only large, deep, rock pools, hiding
iiudor the sea-weed of ledges, and frequently swinnning out into the open
water of the i)ool. They are ac«-om|)anied by the adult, the nsinil uniform
H(!arlet color of which appears a distin<-t lusterless yellow in the water.

"The specimens described were taken at La..Tolla, near San Diego."

Coast of Oalifornia south of I'oint Coucepciou ; common in clear waters
about rocky islands from Point (Jonccpcion to To(h»s Santos \\;\y. A haud-
Hoin<^ lish, reaching a length of \i inches; of some value as food, {ruh'i-
cnuditH, red.)

abiphisodon rubieundun, GlTiAnn, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sri. Tliil.a. 1854, 148, Monterey, California
(Coll. Liout. W. 1'. Trowbri(l>,'t>) ; GniAuu, U. S. Vacilic U. U. Siir., x, Kil, |.l. 20, 18.J8.

ll'iP'HI'opi ruhicundun, (iu.L, I'roc. Ac. N.at. Sci. I'liilu. 1801, 105, and 18(i:i, 218.

I'aima ruhuunnia, GCntiikk, Cut., iv, .")H, 1H02.

I'umacentfim ri(hiciindns, .loiiD-VN \-. Gujieut, SyiiojisLs, 010, 188;i , IJos.v Smitu, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mils. 1882, 052; KosA Smitu, i. c. 188;t,2;i4; .loiiDAN \ (iiLiiEUT, I'rtu:. H.S.Xal.
Mils. 1882,52.

626. MICROSPATHODON, Ciintlier.

Mieroipathodon, GONTHEn, Cat. Fishes, iv, ;t5. 1802 (chriiiiiriaij.
I'diiinlaprion, Gu.L, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci.Pliila. 18(i:i,210 (dorvalit).

Body deep, compressed ; htiad wide ; mouth rather larg«% with trjinsverse
cleft; lower Jaw shorter than upper, its teeth ccmlined to its anterior por-
tion; teeth in 1 series in cich .jaw, all movable; upper teeth narrow,
entire; lower broader, also entire; preorbital very broiid, with a deep
notch between nostril and maxillary; lower limit of preo])ercl(^ scaled;
snout scaled almost to tlu^ lips ; soft dorsal and anal fins with median rays
elevated; caudal fork»'d; coloration very brilliant. Herbivorous fishes of
the rocky islands of the Tropics, the known species all American. (j-ttHpui,
small; dndOrf, sheath; uSovi, tooth.)

nr

..'(' ■

^

ii

imm

ir»W» Unlhtiu /7, lUiitcd States Nalumal Museum.

t

1 'I

^i

I ■<

(I. Vi<rtlrul lliiM lint t)li<vato<|; oaiulul Niiii|il,v liinitttM inlor IhowiiInIi, with Itliin hIiihIo
uIh)Vi', IIi« liiwt'i- hnll' ninrr iir U'hh iiltriiptly .M'IIiiw : t-nt'li ni'iiIo wllli a liliii' ilni . i^
liliit'k Hpot Oil liiu'k of cuuiliil |ic<liiiirlo; iioHtnl liirxc, ^ t'.vu In ud'ilt.

HAIUIIII, UI71I

rifi. Vortical II im much olcrntoil ; I'ltiiiliil IiiIich t'nlniili>.

h. ('aiiiliil llii Kolilcn yi-Uow or <ii'iiiiK<i ill lil'i' ; liiHly iliu'li lii'ttwii with rotinil •pni ,
of <li'i-|) hliiu oil hiiiul, iinpi', iiixl HoiiK'lliiii'M on hiu'k. I'llltVHrut'H, lliHn.
lb. ('uiiihil till iliirii, llk«< tilt' IxMly, not yrllow.

I'. Ilmiy (lark, HpriiikloU with hlii(< H|>otM liki' lliikcH of fiiow.

NIVEATITS, in«l

ce. Iluily not covitreil with liliio Hjiotn; nostril it nniAll jiorc; vertinil iIhh
f'uli'jile; vortirul IIiih ihM'phliii) without piilo t'ilt{iii/H: lioily ilitt'p blur,
with 'i liirt;t;, roiiiul, Hky-hliio HpotH iiliovi^ hitoriil Uno, I iiviir IIh Iron),
1 iiiiilor front of Hpinoim ilorHiil, I iinihir hiHt Hpiiiu; ii liliio niiiIiHi'
lit'liiiiil liiHt ilorHul ruy— tliOHc iliHtiiiut at all a|{OMi hoail with liliu'
■tri-akM iiud H]iotH. uoKtjAI.lt), 1UH2.

:r"- /

l>'i;

1970. MICKONIMTIIODON IIAIKIIII ((iill).

■'."■ ■ t

Hen«l 3; depth IJ. D. XII, 1«; A. II, 14; hcrIcb ;{-2!M0. Body bIioi),
<'OiU|H'UHso«I, elunj^iiteil; iiiipe abruptly piodiicoil bobiiid iiiid above a
depr«Hsion wbiih Jitis above tbe eye, the napo thus projcetlng foiwaid in
11 tleshy crest; anterior profile steep, with tlesby rorni^^ntioiis, Hepiirnted
by depressioiiH; tip of Hiiont above protnaxiliary enlarged to a tloHliy jind
under which the jaw slips, separated from preorbital and top of head liy
a deep crease, deeper in larger speiinieuH. Nostril midway between eye
and rrest, its mIzo much larjjor than in M. doraaliH, beinj^ i diameter ol
eye. In M. dormliii of the same si/.e thr nostril is reduced to a small jiore,
about js of eye. Preorbital lower than in dorHalin, its heiglit li^ in head in
adult; in doraaliH of the ne si/o the preorbital is 2^ in head. Teeth
small, trtincate, nmvable, about as in doraal'm; lower Jaw shorter; width
of mouth 2 in head; 1 or "» rows of scales on cheek. Caudal |iedunclc
short and deep, length 2.i in head, its depth 2 in head; dorsal elevated i<tit
not falcate, simply angular, its longest ray I]^ in head; anal similai, its
longest ray H ■■> head; caudal lunate, its lobes not produced, the u])per
longer, Iff in head ; pectoral 1- in head; ventral 1\ in head. Color uni-
form deep bliieblack without jialcr margins to fins except very narrow
line <ui upper ray of pectoral and tipper lobe of caudal; no spots. This
species is well separated from M. doraal'm, differing in the much larger
nostril, fleshy hum|i at nape, in the lower preorbital and in the uneven
slope of profile, as well as the absence of falcate tips to iiiis. Here descrilied
from adult examples G to 12 inches long from Clarion Island (collected
by McGregor). The very small specimens which have been named Micro-
spatliodou bairdii seem to be the young, having the large nostril and the
non-falcate tins. Tbe bright orange markings seem to disappear with
advanced age.
The color of the young is thus described by Dr. Gill:
"The color in extreme youth, as represented by a specimen 10 lines long,
is greenish yellow, modified by blue above on the middle of each scale,
the margins alone being Itrownish; below a lin<^ drawn from the iixil of
the pectoral to that of the dorsal lin, the blue has disappeared, and the

■H.l't

^^^

Jofdait and livinminn, — Fishes of North AnurUa. 15(17

bi'OWiiiHh yoUow is i>oiiN|iini(>iiH, NprliikliMi over with u few fuiut, diirkor

(ll)ts, Wllioh tllKIIINoivt-H IllMOtlll' IlllHulrtc III) tllO IiIkIoIIKUI UImI Cllllllill ptMlllII-

('|(>; iiiiiiKMliately lichiiKl tlu) tlomiil tin tliont ii* a tliirk H|)nt, iiiiii^riiKxl in
liDiit by Itliio. Tho IkmiiI abovr Iiuh 2 Miio liiica coiitinnutl t'roiii Hiiout
:inil (ItM'iirvuil over the ovt; liall ami hrliiiid tiio orltit; on tlit> i'on'lit'ud
tlifi'o iH a traiiHverHe liliie Imr, an«l on the iia])e 2 noiirly piirallt'l lon^i-
I iiiliiiiil liliie iinoN. An oliliqiio bar rroHHfM tjio luooiliital ; u hoimoh of iilno
<I()|M on thr Hnl)orl>ital rliain in continnf<l to nie«-t the tlotiurtetl lino liiliinil
ilii> (>yo, and tlien^ iH a hluc liar ludiiini Ihi^enii of tliu maxillary, Tlic lips
iiul n])eroula are Itrown. The doiHnl Hn, on itH Hcaly ]>ortioii, im'tndin({ all
till' HpinoiiH portion, oxt-ept a mar);iiial l>an(l,unil the lowt-r half of thonoft
tlorsiil Ih Itlue, the H(;ali>H Huaicrly l)ein){ margined liy In-own ; (he other tinH
:iie colorloHH, extept the margin of the anal, which Ih dark. The HpccieH,
with advancing age, Iomih the inteimity of the Idiie aliove, Init the ((dor
Hpreada downward faintly, and Is pereoptildo on all the hchIch except
llit>.se of the alnlomen and hinder ))ortion8 of the cantlal vediincle. The
lijiie on the u|riioi' Hiiiface of the head and the preorbital linally lieeomeH
(ililitcnited, Itnt the Herien on the infraorbital chain and the bar behind
the ninxillary remain, while the opcrcle aHsnmeH bine dotH. The tins
aJNO, OHpecially the ventral and anal, liuvo become dnnky. * * '
( (iliiratiou qnito ])ocnliar in the ^radnal spreading of the bine, while it
hocomes fainter at the Name time with ago."

racitic coast of tropical America from Ca])e San Lncas to Panama; the
young abundant in rock jiooIh, with Ku\Htmarcnirn» JlariluliiH, with which
it has been confounded. A beautiful fmh (named for Spencer rnllertun
llaird).

riiiiiacentrus hiiirdU, diu., rnic. Ac. Nut. Scl. I'liiln. 18(12, 140, Cape San Lucas. (Coll.

XiintiiH.)
Mii'i-iispitthotlon fc«ir(/u, tJoROAN, FihIh-h «I' Siiiiilua, in I'ror. Cal. Ac. Sci. ISU.'i, I7B, |il. 4a.

1»S<). MI<'K(tSI>ATIIOI><>\ CIIRYSIIItlTS (CiiviiiX Vale ik itnneH).

Depth 2J in total length with caudal; eye 3A in head. D. XI, 15; A.
II. in. Ilodyoval; forehead broad and depressed; nuixillary reaching to
the nostril; teotli below twice as large as those above, ('olor blackish
lirown, the fins darker, excepting the caudal, which is entirely orange;
round spots of cobalt blue around the eyes, on the nap(\ and .sometimes
on the back and scales of the dorsal iin. (I'oey.) West Indies; known
from Cuba and St. Thonuis. Not seen by us. (xpvdoi;, golden; ovfjd,
tail.)

tnnphiilodon ehrtfitiyus, CuviKK & Valenciennes, Hist. Nut. roi8H.,v, 470, IrtM, St.Thomas ;

(ii'NTlIKK, Civt., IV, 57, ISfi'J.
I'litnucentrui deneijatitK, Poey, MttiiKirisiH, n, 190, lK6ii, Cuba. (Coll. Pooy.)

1P81. MintONPATilOnON NIVKAXrs (Poey).

Head about 2f (3f in total) ; depth about 2 (2^ in total) ; eye 3^ in head ;
maxillary reaching the front of the eye; suborbitals and preopercle with-
out teeth. Color uniform black with large sky-blue spots, the size of a

m:

ir»<W liulletin ^7, UniUd Stales Xatiounl Museum.

Hi'uht, liko llaUfMol' Hiiow, rr^iiliii'ly iirntiiiicd m siiiull niiiiilH<r, Htimt) 20 on
niirli hhI«> mI)ovo tlio lioily, it It-w on tli<> int«iliiiii lliis. S<>«>ii once lit lliiv .iiki.
(I'ooy.) I.on^lli 1' iiii'hcs. A tluiilitl'iil N|M'cifs, iippiirriit ty rt>(')<raliltt 1,,
MivroufxilliDiluti, poNHiltl.v tli« .voiiii^ of M.vhriiHiiruH, {iiivetilim, mutwy.)

Pomtteentrtiinireatiii, I'oKY, Kiiunit'i-iitlii, |02, iHTn, Havana.

IIIS'J. Ml( lt(INl>ATIIOllO\ IMMINAI.IN (Clll).

Ifciul 3|; depth -' ill li'iiylli I" tip of oiimliil iiiyH; «\vo Ntniill, hiuh, 2* in
)»r«H)i'liitul wiiltli, Tt ill lioiiil. I). Ml, Iti; A. II, II; HciiifH 2!), with 'SJ
poreH. Moily diM^it, i-oiiiprt>HNt>(l, tint iiiipo hi^Hi iiinl coinprcNHe)!, tlio tiiiti'
rior |)roli]«i v<M'y Htrop, Hli^rlitly coiiciivo lu front of orlijtN. Il^'a*! vt>iy
wi(l«' ami hnivy In-low, tiioiith wide, IraiiMvorHt', its width lu'iiily twite its
luturul (loft, tlio iiiiixilliit-y reai'liin^ veilieiil iVoiii midway hotwoeii nostril
and front of (\vt>. Maxillary aliiioHt wholly Hlippin^ iindt^rthr Inoad pre-
orldtiil, its distill hiilf Nlronuly U-shnpi'd, with the convexity liaekwiiid,
and its niiterior margin diHplnyiiiK a deep reentriiiil eiirve. Deiitaiy |)or-
tioii of niandildo eonHiHtin>; of an iiiitoiior triUiH\)>r.so iiortion, and tlio '2
latural linilm, wliieii foriii iilioiit a ri^ht aii^le with anterior jiortion, and are
eonvexly lieiit toward median line. It would niiieh reHemlde a U with the
lateral liiiihN eonvux iiiwanl instead of outward; aiit«)rior iiortion pro
vidud with a Hin>;le Korioa of rather firmly ilxod elonjratu inciNor teeth
with triineate iMl^en; lateral teeth Hiniilar Init smalltM'; teeth in the upper
Jaw Htronj^ly compreHHiMl laterally, luit with the oxtromu tip llatteiied
antero-iKiHlcriorly, ho hh to render them narrow inciHor-liku; very loosely
implanted, extremely movalde, and in a HiiiKle fnin'tional Heries, the teeth
of wlii<h are rcplaecd hy others whieh appear aliove alon^ front of jaw;
hetweoii vomer and front of Jaw is a median tirm tleshy pad, with free
anterior margins; a somewhat similar ]iad at each an<r|e of inoiith ; no
tfttith on vomer or palatines. Nostril minute, round, midway Wetween front
of Jaw and middle of orhit. I'reojienle smooth or minutely erenate at
the angle, none of the (tones of head serrate or s]>inoiis. (iillH 'AS, the inner
half of fourth ;;ill tlevelopedaliont | len<^tli of others; a small hut evident
]>«>re liehind fourth gill; gill rakers short and weak, not toothed, ahoiit
20 on anterior limh of outer arch; gill niemltrancH forming a hroad told
across the iHthmiis. Scales large, rough, vertieally much deejier than
wide, with niimeroiiH small accessory scales at hase which hecome exceed-
ingly unmerouH on head and najie, where they form a shagreen-like cover-
ing; lateral line little ])roininent, the ])ores opening on under Biirface of
scales, ceasing under last rays of soft dorsal. P^'ins t'ntirely enveloped in
scales, which are large at hase of tins, becoming minute on soft portions.
Dorsal spines strong, regularly increasing, the highest 2,< in head; anal
spines strong, the second lint little shorter than longest dorsal spines;
soft dorsal and anal tins conspicuously falcate, the median rays of fins
produced beyond fork of cau«lal, the anterior margins stongly convex, the
posterior strongly coiu-ave; longest dorsal and anal rays more than .}
leugth; caudal deeply forked, the lolies also greatly falcate, equaling in
length the lolies of ilorsal anil anal; outer ventral rays produced, extenil-

Jordan tim/ Juurmann. — /""is/us of North Amtnca. l')<Ml

Itig liryoiid front of uiml ; pmitornlH nIioiI, roiiiiil»<l, rtMicliin^ v«*i'tifnl from
\fiit. Color, iiiiifonn Hliity \\\\w or uray, \\w Dun soiin'whiit tltirUci, nil luit
till) HpiiioiiH tloisiil narrowly wliitu-inurKiiictl ; |M^riloiii>iiiii \\\\V\. Tli«al>o\e
Im iiilfH) ription of adult iiKliviiliiiilH (IIioh«< dt'm rilioii as v\nireH<*),

Matiiin iiiiliv iiliiiilN of MiMiillor hI/o (a:iiriit>iiiini>i) \vivn Imoo *l)>H<-rilii>*l »m
IiiIIowh: Ill-ad It; <l<<ptli -'. It. \II, Itl; A. II, 111; *>y*< 5 in lii^ail; Huoiit
marly -; pct^oml I '. ; lii^Oi<!Mt ilorHal Hpiim :t in l>o«ly ; vttiitnil '2\ in l<•n^th;
inul lolto J,*:; dorNal IoIk^ I'j in body. Ilody conipreHHtMl and deep; doiNal
oiitiiiK' from Hiioiit to canilal piMlnmlo nniforni; hn-ast promiiiiMit and
Nvt'll ronnilod, holiind wliidi tin- v<-ntral oiitlinr Im HtraiKliI to anal Hpiin-,
ilii'ii Hliintin;; oWlii|n«dy upward to lainlul pi^luix-lo. Moutli widt* with
ihick li))s; t\w tt'Otli Hat, Hliarp.and inovaldo, inuHJUKlt* row in rarlijaw',
ilioso in tli<« upprr jaw aru jirran^od in a cn-Hiont, in tli*^ low --r jaw tlitiy
;ii(' in u Htrai^ht lino in front, Itut at tlic Hidi'H Mioy d«M<-rilio neaily a ri^lit
it\\H\*s und run liarK ; iHtliniuH with a not(di nuido by tho prondnonn- of
ilio lircaHt. Tip of Huout, ma\illary, and lowor Jaw naked; head i-vory-
\vli«!ri) idHt; with H<!al(>s, thf HcaUm on rlicokH in about '> ri»WH; HcalcH on
lindy larjje, ;i-2K-!»; all th(^ linH with Mcah's; arccHHriry Hcnlett v«ry ft'W.
Liihral lintt rnnnin^j; hi;.;h and t'lidiu); und(^r last lay of Hoft doiHal ; ^ill
i:ik«us niiiiKM'ouM, Hhort, and weak, about r>-|-LM. I'ortoral short and
lonnibMl at th«^ tip; vontralH with iidddb^ rays produced, I'A timiH vt-ntral
si>inu, reaching' past viMit to anal; HpinouH dorHal low; with the exc(>]ition
ul' the tlrnt tho H))iui>H are abcnit eipial ; soft dorHal and aiuil falcate and
lihnnentous, the doisal lobo Hli|;htly tlie longer, not quite reaching; to tip
1)1' caudal fin; caudal wi<lely forkod, the lobes falcate, thu upper lobe the
longer; th« middle rays are contained ',ik i'liuvH in the uppor caudal bibo.
Ill lifo, dee]) indijj;o bine, with traecH of olivaceifUH (^rosH hIuuIoh; ])ect<tral,
dorsal, and caudal cdyod with bluish white; eycH violet.

Tho yoiinj? {dorxulin) nmy be described as followH: Head 1^; depth If;.
I). XII, 1(5; A. II, II; Hcales 3-2H-10; eyell; snout -1} ; dorsal lobe 1,',; cau-
dal lobe eiiuals head ; pectoral 1,^, ; ventral eipialH head. Mody comprcMsed,
the prolilo rounded, depressed before ey»i so that snout ])r(»ieets. (iill
rakers nunierous, very short, slender, dose 8«^t. I'reorbital deep. I'reor-
bital and preoporde entire. Teeth in several rows, movable. Dorsal
H|)inos risin^r to the last, siibtruncate, llattened, each with a brown vertical
streak in center, the soft rays and lottos of caudal much prodiK^ed, as also
ventral. Color in life, deep indigo blue on body and tins; no ])ale edgings;
.3 round sky-blue sj)ots above lateral line, the one near its bo^rinning,
anolher under front of s]iinuus dorsal, tho third under last spine, the first
smallest, the other two as larj^e as pupil; a larger sky-blue saddle in axil
of solfc ray; head with many sky-blue spots everywhere, those on preor-
liital and suborbital coalescing iu a blue streak; another streak behind
angle of month, and another above eye, nostrils, throat, and snout; axil
sky-blue, a bar of sky-blue across end of snout; angle of mouth sky-blue.

The immature coloration is thus correctly <lescribed by Dr. Gill:

"In the young the color of the body is a purplish brown, varied with
blue on the center of each scale, the blue diminishing on the scales of the
tail toward tho lin. On each side there is a blue spot on the tirst scale

■ f;

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r'TT7^^T3T»-TT(r:T'*^p»TW!TTi'r»'^"«'fl',' '^Wl M'l'.^MWfWW

1570 bulletin //, IhiHed States National Museum.

!i,i1

■'I

Si

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I

ubovc tlio liittti'iil liiKi, on the Hcale above tlu; huvuuUi uf the, lateral lim
and bolow tho tonrtb dorsal H[)ino, and another on tho one above the lif-
teentii scale and btdow tlu; eleventh or twelfth spine; on the tail, behind
tho (b)rHal fin. there is a transverse dark band, bordered in front l»,v blue.
The head above has 2 blue linos, 1 on eaeh side, running from and decurved
over the eye behind tho orbit. The forehead is indistinctly' marked witli
blue in the center of each scale; and on the nape there are 2 obloujir blur
spots on each side. A continuous blue line is continued from the side i>i
the sn<»ut along the suborbital <-hain, and unites with the line decurrent
behind tho orbit. IJehind the end of the supraniaxillary there is n verticjil
Iduo bar. The scales on the cheeks and opercula are spotted with blue
in the center. Lips immaculate brown. The dorsal (in on its scaly por
tiou is similar to the buck; the anal has a blue spot at the base of its lani
rays, and its front, like tho outer edge of the ventral lin, is blue. The
pectoral inside has also u blue line across the base of tho u])per rays

"As tiie fish advances in age tho blue on the centers of the scales fades,
and, finally, the color of the whole body, as well as the scaly portions oi'
the fins, becomes a purplish brown ; but the spots on the scales above tlir
first, seventh, and fifteenth [sixteenth] scales of the lateral line remain,
as does also the one bordered before by the blue m the rear of the dorsal
fin. The coloration on the head Himply becomes fainter, and the lines
narrower and somewhat interrupted. The fins are uniform and spotless,
except the pectoral, which retains the transverse bar Avhich was assumed
in its yoTith. This species, in its young state, was formerly described ys a
I'omacciiirHt,, the preoperculum having a scilloped apjiearance, produced
l»y the muciferous ducts and their 'v "uths, and thus simulating tho ser-
rature of young I'omaceulruH, misl ading Dr. Giinther as well as myself,
"specially as it had the coloration and form of a Vomave»tru8. The border
in the old is not so much exi)osed, and is peifectly entire, while tho pre-
orbital has gained in elevation at tho expense of the eye. The uniform
color of the body is also in strong contrast to the variegated sides and
fins of the young."

Length 12 inches. I'acilic coast of America, from Cape San Lucas to
Panama; known from Cape San Lucas, Mazatlan, tho L*evillagigeth>
Islanila, and Panama, (ilorsalin, pertaining to the back.)

lljiptypopi dormlis, Gux, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1802, 147, Cape San Lucas. (Coll.

Xautus.)
I'omacentniii f/ucdrijfvtta, Gn.h, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 149, Cape San Lucas,

y<)un>i (('oil. Joliii XaiituH); GCnthek, Cat., iv, 27, 18(i2; Joudan vV Gii.bkut, Proc.

U. S. Nat. ilu.s. 1882, 3f)(J and :t77
Microspatliodon cinciriig, Gii.beht, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1890, 71, Clarion and Socorro

islands. (CoU. Alhatross.)
Miciiisjtathnihtn azurisn'nnvs, Jordan & Starks, in Jordan, Fishes of Sinaloa, in Proc.

Cal. Ac. !;'ci. 1895, 478, |>1. 44, Venados Islands, nea- Mazatlan. (Types, Nos. 1010, IGliO,

and 2895, L. S. Jr. Tniv. Mu.s. Coil. Hopkins Exp<'.. to Mazatlan.)
I'oiiKttaprion dorsalis, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1803, 216.
Mic.rospathndon dorsalig, Joudan, Fislics of Sinaloa, 477, 1895; Jordan \- Evehmann,

Check- List Fishes, 411, 1896.
Microgjiathodov dorsalis azurissimug, Jordan Sc Evermann, I. «., 411.
ifxcrosjmthodon dorsalis cinereus, Jobuan Sc Evermann, I. c, 411.

I

Jordan and Rvcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1571

Suborder PIIAliVN(^OGNATlII.*
(The Labiioid Fishes.)

liOwor pharyngeals fully niiitfd; nostrils double; }•>'•*» 3J, with no slit
1p, hind thi) last. Ventral fins thoracic, each with one spine and live rays;
iliirsal and anal spines not very strong; scales Avoakly ctenoid or cycloid;
ill other respects essentially as in the rvrvmdea. Species mostly of the
hopical shores; most of them large fishes of strong dc^ntition and bright
colors, {^dfjvyi, pharynx; yvaOo^ jaw, from the large jaw-like
liliaryngeals.)

/(. Lower pJiaryngcals T-8liaped or Y-sliaptid, tlicir toctli conical or tubercular; teeth in
jawrt usually not continent. Speciett carnivorous; tlio Hexes often (liHHiniilar.

Laurid.k, clx.
iia. Lower pharyngeals more or less spoon-shaped or basin-shaped, their teeth broadest
transversely and truncate, arranged in niosaic; teeth in Jaws more or less per-
fectly continent, forming a sort of beak; anal spines 2; dorsal spines <J; scales
very large, 22 to 25 in lateral line; vertebral 10 or 11 |- 14 ^ 24 or 25. S])eci('s
herbivorous; the soxes colored alike. ScAKm^;, clxi.

Family CLX. LAHRTIU'Lt

1 :; 5

(The Wkas.sk-Fishk.s.)

Hody oblong or elongate, covered with cycloid scales; lateral line well
developed, continuous or interrupted, often aiiguli),rly bent. Mouth mod-
date, terminal ; prcmaxillaries protriictile; maxillaries withcmt supple-
iiiciital bone, slipping under membranaeeous edge of tlie jueorbital;
anterior teeth in the jaws usually very strong and canine-like; teeth of
the jaws separate or soldered together at base, not forming a coutiiniiiiiM
](].•' te; no teeth on vomer ov palatines; lower pharyngeals eompletely
united into one bone, without median suture, this bone T-shaped or
Y-shaped, its teeth conical or tubercular. Lips thick, longitudinally
plicate. Nostrils round, with 2 openings on eaih side. Ihusal iin con-
tiiiuous, the spinous portion usually long, its spines rather slender, ;{ to '20
in number, anal similar to soft dorsal, with 2 to (J spiii(is. Veutials
thiuacic, I, 5, inserted below the pectorals (Hi(id to be subjugular in
M(tlacocenii-Ufi). Hranchiostegals 5 or (5; psntdobraueliiie well developed;
gills ;?.}, the slit behind the last areh small or obsolete; gill membranes
somewhat connected, sometimes joiurd to the uarrow isthmus. Air
bladder present; nO jiyloric cteca. Genera GO, species 450, chielly of the

I'rofessor Coi)o regards this suborih<r as the n\ost sjM'eializcd or "highest'' in tlio
tjroiip of lishos. Tlio speciali/.ation nf the L;ibroid8 is, liowivor. reducible to 2 or '.i
rliaraclers, tho specialization of the pliaryugeal boneM, the •liWn, anil, in general, of the
pigment cells. In general, they are not le.ss generalized tliiin I lie iiia.joijty of the
Acitnthnpten, and they do not depart so widely from I lie usual it .li t.\ pe as do the I'nl-
'i-iilnti, I'lectnynatlii or Ifi'teroinnnttd.

\ Koi- synonymy and descriptions of the species of this family of flsluis see " A \v\ iew
111 the labroiii ttshes of America iiiul Kurope,' by David Starr .lord;iii, in Report 1. S.
1 ish Comm.foi 1887, 599-699, pis. i-xi, tirst published August 20, 1891.

I 'v 'i

if I

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■ ' i- '

! • !

I ,-

T'»T™-'7-mr»'7fT'^' VaF W^PW*"

if

1572

/in/lrtin 77, Jhiitcd States National Miiscufn.

-'J .

tropical si-iis, liviiij; iiniona rocks or keljt. Many i)f them are lirilliimtly
colored, iiiul somo are valued as food-fish. Most of thom feed ni)on niol-
liisks, the dpiitition being adapted for cnishiiig shells.

The /.iihi inn nri' the most genorali/od forms, well distiiignished froiiitli..
otliers hy their greater nimiW^r of vertebra', a character associated witli
the gtMlej number of «loi!*al spines and with their northern habitai.
These j:re the only l.abroids ])roperly belonging to tlm North Temper;i((
/.one, and all but 'J of the species are Enronean.

The Mahtpleritia .<«H'ni to be allied to the /.uhrintr, although they iiiii\
belong to some other fan>ily. The number of vertebne has not l>ei n
counted in a single known species. They belong to the South Tomi»er:ilr
Zone, and dillcr from the Lithriua in having most of the dorsal spines
re|»laced by soft rays.

The Ilorpiiia are allied to the T^ahrhur, but are chielly tropical lishus
with a reduced number of vertebra' and spines. Close to th»5 llorpiiui is
the lall sul)laniily Cleptirhor, distinguished by the litth; deveio])nit'!il
of t.. jaws and pharyngeals and by the corresjionding fe(d)le dentition.

The .Inlidhitv are t\w most abundant of the tropical Labroids, brilllMiii
little fishes, abounding about banks and reefs, and having the vertebr.i
reduced to the normal number 10-f 14 =--24, and the dorsal spines to aboiil
!>. The Xijrichlhjiimv are an otVshoot of the JiiHdhnv, with the beail inon
or less modified and the lateral line imomph te.

The Sraridir are hero placed in a distinct family. They have the nnriM;il
nnmbcr of vertebr.e and of si)iue8. Their pharyngeal bones and teeth aic,
however, modified in a very singular way, and they nnist be regarded us
forming the most specialized type of rharyngognathi, the suborder to
which the Labroids belong.

The general rule that marine fishes found in temporato regions have an
increased number of vertebra' is well shown in this grmip. The foiiuw
ing table shows the uumbtsrs of \ertebra' as given by Drs. (Jiinther and
.Jordan in the species examiiU'd by them:

Labrns viridis, 20 + 21--^ II.
Labrus bimaculatus, IH -f 21 Mit.
Labi us livens, 18 + 20 1=: iW.
L.ibrus l>erggylta, lit + 19 r^: 38.
Tautogolabrns ads))er8us, 17-J-19

:i6.
Acantholabrus palloni, 18 -f IS ;u;. , .lulls Julis, 11 -|- ll=;25.

llaliclneres nigrescens, 10 -f 15 ^^2
llcmitantoga hortulanus, 10 -(-15:

25.
Thalassoma ]>avo, 11 4 11
Thalassonui lunare, 11 -f- M -
Thal.'issonni dorsale, 1 1 -{- 14

rr:- 9:1

-- S,t.

Odax balteatus (.\nf arctic), 19 + 17

=:66.

Tantoga onitis, 1(5 + 18-=3L
Ctencdabrns suillus, 15-}- 18=: 33.
Crenilabrns nicloi)s, 15 -f- 18=: 33.
Crenilabrus tinea, 15 + 18 = 33.
Crenilabrns oci llaris. It + 18 — 32.
Crenilabrus cinereus, 14 + 17— -31.

.lulls aflantica, 11 + 14=25.
Coris aygula, 11 + 14-25.
fjiuntheri;i frimaculata, 10 + 15:^:^:2
Psendolabrus psittaculus, 9 + 1(1

25.
Pseiubdabrus laticlavins, 9 + 1(1

25.
Gomphosus trictdor, t+ 15 = 24.

■■ #

Jordan aud fivcrwann. — Fishes of North America. 1573

SvmpboduH Hciiiii, \\\ ) 1H^^31.

( riiiilubiua iiiediteiiiUKMiH, IIJ + 17

.CO.
l.iiobnoliiimns maxiinus, 12 + 17—^

L'!t.
l)i;istiMl(.ii Hcrolii, 11 + 17 — I'H.
hi.isi. (loll hirsiitus, 11 -f- 17 -L'8,
Aiiaiiiprtt'S CdTiiltiopiiiictiitiiB, 11 -f

1 )ii\ lUii'riii iiiiii;;;iiriii, 10 -f- 15 — 25.

I'snuloliihruH rclidotus, 10-|-13-^

23.
XyrichlliyH injU!i()l«'i»i<lotii«, l()-f-l5

-^25.
Xyrichthys iiovuciilii, 9+ 16 —25.
Ciieiliims fasciutiKs, 10 -f 13=^23.
I)cco(U,ii iHioUiiiis, 12 -I- 16-^28."
Clt'pticus panii', 10+17-27.
Ch«'iliiius tiilol)utii8, 10+ 13 --2;s.
yparlHoma cn'teiisc, 11 + 11 25.

As ill most otli«r laifjc j;roii|)8 then- Iuih lioeu shown couHidorublc (UtVer-
I lice 111" opinion iiH to tlie cbaractcrs Avbich Hbould btr used in <lividiu{; llic
I iliroids into K''"«''"- Abe tendency with all recent writers has been
Inward a latlior minute snbdiviBioii. The niinibcrH of verlebr.i- seem to
II- to yiebl ebaraiters of the bi;;best importance. Otiior ebaracters not to
\\y ilegloi'teil ciiii bo draw n from the si/e of the scales, the numbers of tbc^
({(irHiil spin(!s, and (be dentition. The dejrree of 8(|uamatiou of tlio lioad
^11^1118 to UH to have an importance lower tiian that atlribiited to it by
lihekor and (Uintber, but it may l»o used for {Generic subdivision.

I liiir.sal Njiiue.s 8 ur mure, iiHiially well (llHtiugiiiHlied rnim tlie Hot't riiyH; iiiial spiiicH
•J to 0.
I.AIIUIN.K:
''. VerteSne and .u.rsiil spiucs in iucrea.4('(l iiiiinlicr, vcTtclirii' aixtut .'iC (15 t-18 to
20 + 21); (1 )r3al M])iiicM It to 21 ; anal H|iiii(,'.s li to 0, all tlin .Hjiiues i)M'ij;cnt ; ante-
rior cauiii \s 1; no jiostcrior caniin's; lati.Tal linn <i)in|ili'ti'; caudal tin novci
forked; species of northern waters, riirely tropical, nioHt of tiicni /''nropean.
c. Anal .spines 4 to (i; dor.sal .spines 10 to 21; clieeks and oirtcIcs .scaly; scales
ratlier lar;;<'; prcojicnli' serrate.
(/. Teelli small, ill a .sin^ile series; nioiilli sniiiU; dor.sal tin nearly scaleless.

Ci;NHi<ii,.\Hin s, (127.

cf. Anal spines 'i. Teetli in more than one series.

('. Treopercle serrate; ojiercles scaly; scales modi rale; interoin^rcie naketl;

snout n.)t especially produced. TAUKiiiniAiuirs, (i2'j.

(•(!. I'roojiercle entire; opcrcles naked: scales siikMI: interoperclc naki d ;

snout blunt. T.mtoga, WJ.

\Ai. Vcrtehne iiiid dorsal spines not in uieally increased nmnliers; vertel)ra' 22 to 29;

dorsal sjiines 8 to 13; anal sjiiii's 2 or I!; species of (roiiic;d or siiiiti'ojii<'ai seas.

/. Vertoliiu! 27 to 29 (so far as known) ; dorsal spines usually 12 (II to 14) : sides

of head more or Ic; s scaly ; preopiTclo sernilato or entire.

" It will be evident that in t.iose ;,',enera whicli are oompnsed entirely or for the most
pint of trojiical spcciea, the vertebral cohinin is coniiiosed of 24, or nearly 24, vcrtebr;c,
while those which are cliielly confined to tin.' temperate seas (d' tlie Noi I hern or Sonther/i
llcMiispbent have that nunibcr increased in the abdominal anil ( aiuhil portions.'' (Oiin
tliiT. Cat., IV, 1)5). 'I'bis increase in the niiniberof vertebrin in the northern tiffins has
licon used as a basis of the classilicatioii of the I'li'iirttttccliiliv. by.Iordan .njd 'ipH.s, tif llic
Sciirpieniihi'. Ii.\ .lordaii and tiilbert, and it will doubtless prov(^ to havt! a high value |()
I lie subdivision of other lainilies which have rei)resentative8 in dirte-eiit /.iilll H The
cause (d this pei Mliarity <d' lishes of cold waters is still obscure. I'robably the redficiion
in II limber of segment;* is aresult of the specialization ofstriudure incident to the Hhiirner
I iiiiipetitioii ot the tropical waters, wli'ire the ontsidt conditions of life art? very favofalde
I'm- tislies, but the struggle of apuuiea uguiust sjtocies in most severe. (Jordan,)

■imiit

I

'»! .«.,i»lf«WW|WT'W«pH»,V»ll""ii|? ^i.^'AVVm

1574 Bulletin //, United States National I\fi(senni.

hi.;-

p

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ii5

4.

IlARI'INiK:

y. Autrrior canines Htronjt; lowor pliaryn^oaU \M-^i.\ with larp:e, tiilicnulMr
tuolli; H|)ini>uH (loraal not (<nvt*lo|i<'«l in hviiIuhi lo\v(^r jiiw niiliiii;
HpecieH niOHtly uf lar^n Hi/.o uutl bright coloration, inhuhitiug Hctni
tropiral houh.
/(. Dorsnl xpint'H alioiit 14, tlio 3 or 4 anterior falcate, proiluced in Inn;;
Hln-anitTH; Itody deep and cuiiipreHSod, tin- anterior prolile >>,\w\>;
tuetli iiniBorial; no posterior canine; elieolca and operules hciiIn -
ImHeH of Hoft dorHal and anal Hcalyj soft parts of vtTtieal tins
produced; scales nioilerate (40). Laciinui^aimi's, (iiin.

hh. Dorsal npincH 11 or 12 (rarely \'i), noncof tlieni iiroduccd inlllanu'iil .;
cheeks and opercles scaly; Iwdy oblong; tjie back not KHiiilv
elevated.
I. Soft dorsal and anal Itus oacii with a scaly slieatli at I)a8e ; Hcal< >
lar^e (about 1)2) ; posterior canine present,
j. Soft dorsal and anal elevated, produced behind.

Haki'e, fi:!i.

ti. Soft dorsal and anal without sheath of scales; preo]iercle hci--

rulate (at least in young) ; soft dorsal and anal more or Itsu

falcate.

*. Scales larjrc, about 30; lower linil> of preopercle scaly;

posterior canine present ; anterior canines ■}.

Dkcjodon, c;ii:.
kk. Scab's moderate or snuiU, 45 (o 00; both limbs of i)reo]i(r
cle naked; adult male >vith a tlesby huni]> on llj<
forehead; caiulal subtruncate, with the angles luor..
or less produced.
I. Posterior canines i)resent; anterior canines j ; dorsiil
spines 12.
m. Scales small, about CO in lateral lino.

riMELoMETOi'oN, (i:;;).

CLEPTK'lNiK:

<jij. Anterior teeth small, bluntish, not canine-like; no posterior caninr;
mouth very small, terminal; snout short and blunt; dorsal and :in;il
enveloped in si^alcs, except produced tips of both fins; caudal deeiily
forked; dorsal spines almost hiddeu by series of scales ; liead every-
where closely scaled, except on lii)s and snout ; scales of Iwdy laruc;
l)reoperclo serrulate; aiW rakers slender, short; jjcctoral falcat(^;
lower jiliaryn^ceals very small, Y-shaped, their teeth small, very
blunt and coalescont; vertebnu 10 -f- 17=; 27; dorsal spines 12.

C'i.Ei'ricus, C;i4.
ff. Vertebral 23 to 26; dorsal spines 8 or 9; anterior canines strong, 2 to 4 on eiicli
side in each .jaw; head mostly naked; iireopercle entire. Species of tlie
Tro]iics, mostly of small size and liriglit coloration.
JULIDIN^:
n. Lateral line complete and continuous.

o. Snout not tubiform; preopercle entire; teeth uuiserial ; none of tlie
teeth chisel-shaped.
p. Cheeks and opercles naked.

7. Scales large, 25 to 30 in the lateral line; anal spines 2 or II.
r. Dorsal spinesO; dor.sal enlarged, without scaly shciilli ;
scales of breast not enlarged.
«. Anterior canines all normal m position; low.
pharyngeals T-shaped, with numerous teeth:
anal spines 3.
t. Posterior canine well developed on both sides;
dorsal siiines pungent; anterior canines -.

IltlDio, 63ri.

!;ifc:.

Bulletin ./7, I 'nilid Stales National Museum. 1576

((. I'«mt<>ri<ir caiiinoH wanting or rodiK^ml to n
sli;;hl rndinxMit.
V. AntiiriorciinincB I ; (IofmiiI npinenHlnnihtr
liiit pungent. K.mmkkkia, *i:iii.

Ml/. Anti^riiir t'liiiincH ';.

V. DorH;il spinnH Hlnndor iind very
llexiWld; body vt^ry slondiT.

(»XY,lt'l.l8, (i;i7.

vo. OorHal Hpiu«>H piin;;«nt.

Jri.iDio, fl;w.
uuu. Anterior caninoH \ \ tlorHiil xpineii pun-
gent. I'SKUIKUrMH, «W1).
rr. DorHnI spini^H 8; iiii pouterior ciniines; anterior (^anincti
}, niirnial In ixmition; a low Hlicatli of HcaliiH at baHO
ot'tlerHal; dorHnl spiuus punp^nt; anal spinus 'i,
n(!vor 2. CliiiOKlciiTHYS, 640.

XYHICHTHYIN/K:

nil. Lateral liuo intrrrnplod ]>ostnrior1y, be<;inniug again on the htvel of tlio

axis of llitt body, on tlie caudal pudiinclo; Hcalox lar;;<\ 21) to ISO in tlio

lateral lino; dorsal spinoH 9; anal spincH ^; anterior caninoH J.

(11. Posterior canine present; snout slender, tho anterior ])rotUe not

convex; clieeks and oporclea scaly; dorsal spines jinn^fnt, the

three anteri<>. lon;;er and with fllanientouH ajipenila^cs; dorsal

and anal with a scaly sheath; scales very large.

DOUATONOTUS, <i41.

WW. T'osterior canine nont< ; anterior i)rofile more or less convtjx; head

naked, except usually a few scales below the eye; body more

or less strongly compressed; ventrals thoracic, inserted below

th(i pectorals.

X. S(^ale8 very large, about 20 in the lateral line, which Is ]daced

on tlie first row of large scales below th< dorsal sheath;

anterior dorsal spines not detached; head not trenchant

above. Xyuii.a, fil2.

XX. Scales large, abnut 20 in the lateral line, which is jilaced on

the st^cond row of large scales below the dorsal sheath.

y. First two dorsal spines joined by membrane to tiie

others, and inserted nearly above base of pectorals.

z. Upper anterior profile of head not trenchant, the

curvr of head not ])arabolic; the cheeks not

very deep. NovAfULiciiTHY.'i, 04:{.

zz. Upper anterior profile of head sharply trenchant

its curve parabolic; cheeks very deep, the eye

near upi)er profile. XviuciiriiYs, 644.

1/1/. Kirst two dorsal spines detached from the others iind

iu.serted on or close behind tin; occiput.

iNIISTIL'S, 045.

627. CENTROLABRUS, (aintlicr.

. s

(IvocK Cooks.)

VenirnlahruK, Gf'NTHER, Cat. Fish. Jirit.Mus.,iv, 92, 1802 (exoli'lu*\.

Body obloug, oovcied with nioderi>te-8i7,«'d scales; chcoks and operclfis
scaly; preoptMclo, sorrate; tectli iu a siugle scries; month small; dorsal
liii ueurly scaleloss; anal spines 4 to 6; dorsal S])ine8 K! to 21. This genus
contains 2 or 3 species, found on the coasts of Europu, one of them rang-
ing farther to the north than any other Labroid liah. (/rfVrpo?', spine;
Labrus, au allied geuus).

:».i

f^\

157G

liiilU'tin fy, I 'ni/rd Sfafcs Malioual Museum.

1»M8. t'K.M'UOI.AItltrs IXOI.KTIS ( Liiiiiii iim)

il

Vi

(IJncK Cook.)

lIciKltA; depth ;U. D. X VII to XX, (5; A. V, 7 oiS; scaliss :5-:{:i-U). 1J...1\
rather rohiiNt; tho Niioiit of inoduruto h ^th, iiboiit KA in huiul; iihuiiIi
vory snmll, its cleft reiicliiug Imroly luilfv y to front of eyo; i-ye ratlici
laryo; dorsal Hpincs low, tho Hoft rays hoiiu ,\ hat hiyhcr, lint lower lliim
the iinal; caudal roiinilcd. Thrco rows of H<alc8 on cheok. Color ri( li
hrown, tho sidon Hhadud with yellow; narrow yellow lines alonj; tlic rows
of scales; a dark spot on eye above; 2 blue bands from eye to anj.Mc of
month, and 2 more across prcopercle; no black spot beliin<l eye; a dull
bluish mark on oporcle; fins yollowish silvery ; a line of dark marks jiloiin
8])iuonH dorsal; caudal with a black base and a wiiito outer marju^in.
(Day.) (Joasts of northern Europe, south to Cornwall; abundant in Xm
way; said by Kabricius to range occasionally westward to (ireenland ; tlu'
most arctic of all species of /vfl/xirfrr. ((,r«/c/i(x, anti«|uated; said to be in
allusion to the anomalous number of 5 spines in the anal.)

Lahrxis cxvletus, LiNN.KUS, Sj-«t. Nat., Kd. x, 2K7, 1758, Atlantic Ocean ; rAiiKicus, Faiiii i

Gronlaiidica, 100, 1780.
Lfibnts pfntaanithun, L.vcr^'.i'i.UE, Ifist. Nat. roiss., m, 50;i, 1H0;1; after l,iNNyK(TH.
(Jrcnilabnin inicruntdiiia (Coucii) 'rii(iMi'.><i)N, I'roc. /ool. S«h'. LoikIdii 1H37, 5.'), Cornwall.
Acantlmlahins i:wletu», CcviEit \, Valkncikn.nes, Hist. Nat. I'oi.sn., xiii, 'J47, 1H3'J; C'oi,i,.:i i,

Norges Fiski', 94.
Ccntrolnhnis e.rolctii», CK'ntuek, (."at., iv, !»J; Day, FLsii. (It. ISritaiii, U07; Johdan, Kcviiw

Labroiil Fishes, 605, 1800.

628. TAUTOGOLABRUS, (Jiintiier.

(Cl'NNICItS.)

Taiituijolahiii.s, (ii'NTUEii, Cat. Fish, lirit. Mu.s., iv, 80, IStiU {hurifull niliiii'rsvs),

r>ody oblong, not elevated, cimipara lively slender and eoinpr<'S8od; lieail
moderate, more or less pointed, ))ut the jaws not notably produced; teeth
in the jaws in several series, tlie outermost very strong; the teeth une(|iial,
conical and pointed; no posterior c.ininos. Checks with sniall 8<'ales:
openles with large ones; intero])erclcs naked; prcopercle with the verti-
<al limb finely sernited. Branchiostogfils 5. (iill nu)mbranescousideral>l\
united, free from the isthmus; gill rakefs short. Scales moderate, I?.") to .')ii
in (he lateral line; lateral lino continuous, abruptly bent opposite ))os
terior part of second dorsiil; dorsal long and low, the s])iuoiis ])ortioii
much longer than the soft, of 18 or lit low. sube(]nal, rather stioiig 8i>iiics;
soft dorsal slightly elevated; anal fin similar to soft dorsal, with li stroni:
graduated sjtines; c.iudal truncate; jiectorals short, the vcutrals inserted
behind their axils. Species 2, both American — Taitloijulahma hraudaoiii"
from 15ra/il, and the following. This genus is very close to the Enropean
genus CtcHolahruH, <litTering in the less ])erfect s(|uamatiou of the head and
in the greater number of dorsal si»ines and vcrtelira-. {Tautoiju : J.abrus,
related genera, from the Eutiu labrmii, lip).

Jordan and livcrniann. — /''ishcs of North America. 1")77

W^M. TAI roiJOI.AItlirs VIISI>KltSI S (Witlliiiiini).

(("INNhlt. ClIiiilsKT; III. IK I'EIICII; Ml.KHAI,!.; lJi;illl(lVI.r.)

Ilrad ;{] to 3.i; depth W to :^. I). X\ III, 10; A. Ill, II; KCiil.H \\-\\\-\'l;
II rtolnji- 17+ lU— -U(i; cyoll in lioiul ; iifctoral L'; lii<i;lifHt <loiHiil H|>iiio
:',; ; hijjhest dorsiil rays 2; third anal Hpiiie 2\, Hody latlicr ndiiiNt; head
liioderatcly pointtMl, lunch loss obtnNO than in I'aiilttiid ; smmt moderate,
IdUgtTthan cyt^; month inoilrratc, maxillary alxmt rrachin^ tVont (it'ityc;
Ti caninus in I'ront of npper.jaw, altont I in lowrr, the teeth on sidus of juw
I II lai'n'in}? anteriorly ; bands of Hmall concave teoth behind caiiiiies; ^jill
lakers very Hhort, abont tJ+U; seah^s ratln-r HMiali; top ot" head, preor-
liital, maxillary, lower .jaw, Intoroperele, and ))osti'rior edyt- of )»renpercle
^iiid opende naked; preoperclo with aliout ."> rows of small scales; opercle
\uth I or ") rows of larfic^r ones; lins naked. Color livid bine, shaded with
l.rownish aliovt? and with more or less of a brassy Inster on sides; head
;md l)ack sometimes spotted with brassy; yonnjj witli darker blotches and
markings, iind often a black blotch near middle of dorsal tin. Hxtremely
variable in shades of coIorati<ni. This little tish is exctodinyly abuntlant
iibout rocks and wharves neai' shore in thi^ regions where it is found. It
reaches a lenjith of abont 10 inches, beiny too small to have nnich value
;is food, althonjih its llesh is of excellent llavor. These fishes, althoiifrh
liciformin;;- a useful duty as scavenj^ers, are a pest to the lislnirmen from
lUeir habit of nibblinj;- the bait from their hooks. Atlantic <!oasts of
North America, from Labrador t»» Sandy lljok. {nihjH'ruun, l)esprinkled.)

lliirijall, S(an")i'K, (JcsdUhcIi. Xutiirl'. Frennde, vin, 155, 1788, New York.

l.tibniK admifi-Hiin, W'Ai.HAiM, Ai'tcdi Piscinin, :;54, 17it'J; alter Ilnryall of Snicppi.'.

hnititi/a >ii;ic)\ MlTcHll.L. JUijiorl, ii> imrt, on tlie Fislit'S of N(n\ Vcirk, 'S^, ISU, New York.

rtiiiltxja cwrulea, ^Irrcini-i,, Iteijort, in ]iart, Fislics of New Vdi-k, 24, 1S14, New York.

I.ahriin chotjKct, MlTCHU.I,, Traii.'H. Lit. and riiil. Soc. N. Y., l, 1815, 402, pi. !!, 1.2, New York.

Ldhrim chog^i't/ulva, Mrn'iiu.i., I. c, 4ii:t, 1815, New York.

< itnldlinn uninotatuii, Cuvihk & Vai.encie.nnks, Hi.st. Nat. I'oi.ss., xiii. 2;t9. 18;t9, New
York; youiiy: l)i; Kay. Now York Fauna; Fishes, 174, \A. 2i), I'. !)(), 1842; (ii'NTHER,
Cat., IV, 90, 1802.

(tiiiolahru.1 huniall. Gi'NTHEit, Cat., IV, 90, 1802, Canada.

i'liiioluhrnscluKjset, CiviEK \- Vai.e.nciknne.s, Hist. Nat. Poi.^s., xin,2;!7. 18:t!).

Ctoiiilaliriis civruleKS, 1)E Kav, Now York Fiiniia; Fislios, 172, pi. 29, 1'. 9;!, 1842.

TdutdHulahrusadspersKH, ]'.i:an, rroc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 188(i. 87.

CtoiiiildhniM adtipersds, Steauns. I'roc. V. S. Nat. .Mils. 188;!, ]2;{; .louDAN \ (ill.liKRr, Syn-
opsis, 599, 188:!; (JoouE. Nat. lli.st. Aiiuat.Anim. ,27a, 1884; Jorua.n, Kcvicw Labroid
Fishrs, 02;i, 1890.

629. TAUTOGA, Mitchill.

(TACTOdS. )

//('aNf/rt, La<'EPi:I}E, Ilisl.Nat. I'oiss., 11, 522, I8OO (hiatula), naini' iin'occiipiid by llittfiila,

Modoei', 1793, a yeiius of Molhisks.
lautoga, Mitchill, Report, in i)art, F'isli. Now A'ork, 2;{, 1814 {tavtofia).

liody loufi', not elevated nor greatly coiMpressed. Head large, nearly as

deej) as long, with a convex profile. Month rather small. Teeth very

strong, conical, in 2 series; the outer somewhat incisor-like; the 2 anterior

teeth in each jaw strong; the posterior teoth small, without canines. Eye

3030 22

v.

I .1

I,
1..

■' i;

i .

ir

i

Ji

1578 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

smiill, high ii|». Ch<'«l<H with Hinall scah-H; int«ii-o])rrc1» iitilttMl; opcrohs
naked, oxccpt above; hciiIcs on body rather HUiall, in ab«»ut (iO tranHvcrsc
Hi-rioH, those (Ml v(tntral region rednced in uize; lateral line continuoiiH.
abruptly decnrved oppoHltc the end of the soft dorHal. Dorsal fin Ion;;,
low, continnouH, thr HpinuuH i)art nundi tlie longer, Avith about IG low,
Htrong, Hnbo<|ual HpincH, i\\\v\\ with a Hniiill entaneoiiH a])iM-ndage at Mp;
Hoft doraiil high<>r than HpinoiiH; anal Bimiiar to Hoft dorsal, with H Htoiii,
graduated Mpinca; jiectorals broad and rather short; caudal abort, trim
eate, with rounded angles; the soft parts of the vertical tins with tin
niend)ranes somewhat s(Mily; ventrals conspicuously behind pectorals
lirauchioategals 5. (iill rakers very short an<l feeble; gill nioinbrant:^
somewhat connected, free from the isthmus. Vertebra> l(5-(-lM — ;{|. This
genus contains a single species, a large dull-c(dored Labroid, abnudiiiii
on the Atlantic coast of the Ihiited States. (A latiui/atiou of the \er-
nacular name "Tautog." which is of Indian origin.)

3.

ll»Hr,. TAIHMiA OMTIS(MniimuH).

(TAtTOli; I'.LACK-KISU; OVSTEK FISH.)

Head 3i t<» 3i ; depth 2:i to 3. D. XVI. 10; A. 111,8; eye U in hciKJ:
snout 3; pe<'toral IH; ventral 2; highest dorsal spine 3; highest dorsal ra\
1-i ; third anal 8i)ine 3; highest anal ray \\ ; scales ll-<J0-2.''». Body sduk -
what deep and compressed; protile moderately steejt, well rounded from
sucMit to dorsal; maxillary reaching the v«'rtical from anterior nostril;
jaws about eipial, with 2 or 3 largo cauines and smaller ones on the side,
which gradually diminish in size ba<"kward; gill rakers very short and
blunt, about3-f (i; a patch of small scales behind eye extending down
ward to middle of cheek, where there are 5 or 6 series, head and opercIe>
otherwise naked ; pectorals broad and rounded, not ((uite reaching tips ol
ventrals; soft dorsal higher than spinous; caudal truncate or slightly
rounded. Color blackish or greenish; the young usually with about ;>
pairs of dark bars connected by reticulations; adult often nearly plain
blackish; chin white; eye greenish. The taiitog is one of the nu)st valu-
able food-tishes of the Atlantic coast. It is generally abundant within its
range, and its llesh is of superior (|uality. The largest sjtecimcn known.
according to Dr. (Joodt!, had a length of about 3 feet. Atlantic coasts dl
the United States, from New Brunswick to Charleston, South Carolina,
iibout rocks and kelji in shallow water; New Urunswick ((Joode); Casco
Bay and I'reeport, Maine (Kendall). (oK/r/?, a kind of i)lant; apjilica-
tion unexplained.)

LabtHg onitiii, LiNX.Ki's, S.vst. Nat., Kd. x, 2H6, 17r)S; K<1. xn, 47^i, 17(i(i: typo lociility not

given.
Labnm hiiiliila, I.i.sN.r.fs, Sy.tt. Nat., EtI. xn, 4T.'>, ITtUi, Carolina (('<ili. Dr. <iiinlt>ii)

JoiiOAX, I'roc. r. .S. Nat. JIuk. ISH.'t, ;H)G; note on Lin.n.kis' type.
I.aliiuis caroliiiiiK. lioNNM krue;, Tablouu EncyclopiHl. et Method., Iclitliyologie, li:f, ITKS,

Carolina; aftci- LiNN.Kls.
I.abnm blackjixli. Scii("n>K, Schiift «ier (loscsllsch. Natnr. Froiuido, vin, 156, 1788, New York.
Labius t.iili/uxi-tis, Wai.iiai'M. Arlodi I'i.scimu, '.'54, 179'.'-, aftoi' Scik'h-k.
l.ahriig tf.it^elltiliig. lU.ocil, Iclitliyolo^ria, ))1.'J91, 179'-', Norway.
Iliatiiln ndi-ilonaiKi. Lac KeKUK, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., II, 522, 1800, Carolina ; after Labrttt liia

tula, J.iNN.iiis.

Mi

Jonfivi and Evvrwaun. — Fishes of A'oti/i A»ncn'ai. 1571)

l.ahiutamerieanii*, Hi.ocii \ S< iineideii. SjHt. Iiliili.'jdl, IHOl; ufler Sc^nripp.

/.iihriM t(l«^<,'/a, MncKii.i., TniUH. Am. I'liil. Soc 1815, :iOU, Long Island; Rhode Island;

Cape Cod ; Sandy Hook.
l.tihiKH tautiiija/iium, Mncinr,!., Trans. .Vin. riiil. Siir. lHir>, »0L', New York.
I .abrui Ututtiya riihtnn, MiT( im.i,, I. ir., 1815, 1U2. New York.
l.ahriiH tautrnja (iliu, .Mnciiii.i., I. <•„ ISl."., Joi;, New York.

I'aiiiDijateiiiidUitu.Cuvu'.n \ Vai.k.ncikn.nks, Hist. Nut. I'ltiMH., xiii.ai.'i, 188lt; ullvr lli.ocii.
lautiiija rt"i('»iroiia, 1)K Kay, Xuw York Fiiuuii: KIhIidm, IV.'i, jil. U, iljr ;(i), 1842: "•ohkh,

Hist. FiHh.Mim.M., 27(1, 1807.
laiitoija onitin, (iCvriiKU, Cut., iv,88, 18fl2i Jokdan A (Jiliikkt, Proc, r. S. Nat. I-Iiih. 1878,

:i71; JtKAN, I'loc. r. S. Nlll. Mus. IHHO, 87; .l(iUI>A\ \. (Jll.llKin. S.vnnpsitt, (00, 1883;

(looDK, Nat. Ilist. Aqiiiit. Anini., 'J(i8, 1884.
lli(itiilaointi)i,.\i>\i\>\N it (Jii.iiKur, Synopsis, lt;!(5, lH8:t; .loituAN, Piik:. I'. W. Nut. Mus. 188(1,

28; JoiiDAN, lUnicw Ltthroid FislicH, 625, 181(0.
Iliiiliila /ii((M(/a, OoouE & Mean, I'roc. I '..S.Nat. Mus. 1885, 20| ; n<ii«i on ivpo oi Lal>i'i»

liiahila.

630. LACHNOLAIMUS, Ciivi. r A ViihncioiiUfH.

(CaI'ITAINKs. )

I.athnulaimuv, CrviKii A Vai.knciennk.s, Hist. Nut. Toiss. xiii, 274, 18:i9 uiiijiila ^inaxi

mux).
l.achnolifiiiHK. (JCntiiki! ; ccurccled sixilliiif;.

Kody Hti'oi)gl,y coiiiiMcs.scd, the back .sli.iip iiiiil clovultMl, llui prolilo loii^
;iim1 Ht('e|». Snout sharp; month low, liori/onliil, tho.jiiws ii.inow ; ]in'-
iiiiixillary 8li]»i»iJi}ji uikIci- the nH'iiiltriiiiairniis cdj;!' of tlio very hroiid i)re-
orbiliil, which is twice tlie dejith of the eye. Teeth in front prinniiient,
(iuiiiio-hke, in ii sinf^lo .series; no poHl<Tior cunines. Cheeks and opereh-s
with iinliriciite scah's; sciiles of moderate si/e, thin, iidlierent ; hitonil Hue
< ()ini)U»te. Dorsal with 11 spines, tlui first IJstronj;, faleiite. piddnced in
IdU^- streamers in th»3 adult, the meuiltraues between these apines very
low, the lilanieutous tips lonj;er than the head; other spines all Uiw, grad-
ually shorter to the eleventh; se<'oud dorsal and anal nuieh produced;
ciudal lobes fait ate; third anal s](ine stiouj; ; ^(ectoials and ventr.i Is short.
This <;enus contains a sinj^le species, a large, showy tish of troidcal Amer-
ica, ^oma^kabl(^ for the lonn streamer-like rihunents on the dorsal spines.
(,\((^»';/ down, velvet; Xai/io-, throat, the pharyn;;eal bones being only
partly jtrovided with teeth, and the rest of their suilace with a velvety
membrane.)

19H(i. I,.V( IINOLAIMIS MAXIMIS (Wall.iimii).

(lluUFISIl; ('ACirAlNK; I'KUlli > TKlf I{( >. )

Uead:i; depth L'J,. D. \1V 1 1 or 12 ; A. Ill, 11 ; eye I in head; snout 2i ;
lilamentouH dorsal spines i longer thauhcad; pectoral lA in head, C({ii!il
to veutrals; highest dorsal ray 1^; third anal spiuo 2^; longest anal rays
11; s.ales S-;5!»-i:?.

Hody deep, strongly compressed, the back much elevated, the profile
long and steep, slightly concave before ej'o ; snout sharp ; maxillary reach-
ing to anterior origin of pupil; canine teeth ])roiiiineiit; I sharp canines
in front of u]»per jaw, 2 in the sides of lower jaw, 2 small conical teeth
between them; lilanieutous dorsal spine reaching to last rays of soft

;>.fi

\ ^ ; • : I

'I

1580 liiiUctin /7, United SlaliS Wiliomxl Miosium.

'!■■>

tlitrHiil; poutoral not witlu, itH upper ra.\H tli*< IoiiK;eHt, itn poHtorior fud
hIiiu'p iihitvc, not rttiiuhiiif; tit «Mitl of vfiitntls, whirh ri^uch alioiit to \ rut
Nol't iloiNal ami uiiiil Hiiniliir, poiiitntl lu'liinil; <'aii«ltil liiiiiitc. Top of houil.
]irm>rl)itul, iiiuxillury, iiiid lo\v««r jaw iiaknl; «-lii-«k with about 6 row.s
of small HcaleH, op«tr<'ltt witli alioiit r> rown ; Ninall Hcalt'H on inttTopii
('1*-H. ('olor roddisli ^riiy, varyiiiK to brick r«'«l; homic of tUo HialrH olivi
^m>!i nt biiNti; rliuokH f^rcnilHh, head mottloti; a lai>>o iitiiud bluo black
blotch at IniHo oC last rayH of ho It duiHal; caudal frrayiHli, with .'i rttwN
of dull olivo Hi)ot.s; jiutil similarly colored; an undulate blue line below
eye; adult nutlu with vertical liuN blackiNh at ba^4e, the lilack forming; a
creHcent on the eaiida!; frontal region from Nuont to occiput ai)ru]iil\
blackiNh. The variutiouH in the ground cidor are considerable, (dder liHlier.
und lisheH taken in deep water bein^ much reddec than Nuiall lishcM oi
fiHheH taken from graHsy bottoms. One of the latter, I foot in length, wii^
gray, violaceous above, ea(!h scale olive |j;reen at btiHo; lower parts tinged
with creamy orange; head niortt purplish, mottled with olive; (-heeks
greenish; an undulate blue line below eye, Itelow wliicli are pur]disli nti
(Uilations; long H])ines of the dorsal tin greenish at base, orange at tip; -<oli
dorsal Himilar, a large black blotcli at its base; caudal grayish, with :;
rows of dull olive H|Mits; anal similarly colored; pectoral light orange;
ventrals blackish at tip, reddish at base. Deep-water lisheH are luick
red or orange red, the degrees of redness being very variable, the nuirkings
constunt. The a<iult nuile has further, the vertical tins all Idackish al
b:i8e, th(^ black forming a crescent tui the caudal ; frontal region from snout
to occiput abru]>tly blackish; lower .jaw light yellow. The nuile lish has
the cleft of the mouth very much wider than the female. These large-
mouthed hogllah are thought by many tishermen to belong to a ditl'erent
H|)ecies. One Hjiecinu'u had 4 elongate spines in the dorsal. Vertebr.i'
ll>-f 17 - 2!». Length 2 feet. West Indies; abundant north to Key West
and Bernnula, about reefs and rocks. This large and showy sixcies is
generally (utmuion in the West Indies. It reaches somctinx^s a weight of
12 to Vi> ])ounds, and is generally esteemed as afood-tiah. It changes mucli
in the course of its growth, and has thus received several specitic names.
{iiHijimiiit, largest.)

Siiillus (Tlic (irciit HdKl'iHli), (Jateshv, Na(. Hist, ('andiiiii, i>l ii"), IT.lo, Bahamas.

Ldhnm ma.rimi(i, Walmai'M, Artcdi I'iHriiiin, '.'til, IT'Ji;; lifter ('ATKsitv.

Larlinolaiwvs xuilliis, CuvU'.ii, !;c;;ii(< Animal, ICtl. ii, Vol. "J, 'J.^7, 182ii; iil'tcr (JAxr.siiv ;
('evu:u it Vai.kncik.nnks, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., xm, 'JKl, 18:10; Tukv, Kimincratio, Kif)
1875; Hka.v \ Dkicski,, I'loc. I'. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, l.'ili.

Litchnolaimim (lii/tila, Crvuili \, Valenciknnks, Hist. Njit. I'ois.s., xni, L'77, 183'J, St. Bar-
tholomew.

I.arhnolaiiinis <lu.r, Oitvikk \ \'Ai.KNfiENNKs, Hist. Xat. 1'oi.ss., xm, L'85, 1839, Martinique

Lnchniilai)ini.i eaninu.i, ("uviEit v.V. X'ai.encie.nnes, Jtist. Nat. I'oins., xui, 288, 18;ii». St.
Thomas ; San Domingo ; I'oEV, Syii(»j).sis, '3'M, 1808, Havana.

Lnrhnnlalmii,i ptittaciis, CrviEii &. Valexciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiMs., xm, 'J'.tl, ISIISt, Porto
Rico.

Laehnolnimiiiifdlcatug. (ii'NTiiKii, (.'at., iv, 87, 1862; lifter Lahni.i /alnitim 1j., but the Lin
mvinx/alcatKii in a Trarhiiiofiis; ('iUodI';, JSiiil. V. S. Nat. Mils., v, ;iO, 1870; Jokda.v \
(Jii.iiERT, Synopsi.s, tiOl, 188;t; JouiiAX & Gii.BEin, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 134;
(ioooE, Nat. Hist. Aijiiat. Anini., 27."), 1884; Steaiin.s, Nat. Hist. A(|iiat. Aiiini.,275, 1884.

LacliitDln'mun ma.nmun, iIokdan, Troc. IT. S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 510; .JouUAN, I'roo. U. S. Nat.
Mas. 1880, 45) JoitUAN, lUniew Labroid I'lMhes, 620, 1890.

Jordan a mi lii ennau n . — /•'/s/n's of North . I me r tea . 1 iti^ I

631. HARPE, l,iic»iM>il««.

(LAnv-i'iHiiKM.)

Itiiilianiii. Ili.orii, Iclilliyiil,. IV, :i:(, 1700 (hiitlianun: mittaliii. olr.), in jmrf ; roHtri ti'd by

(!i\ IKU III lliiilinii im iiiittatut. iiii« "I' lliti Si-nniiiilir.
Il<iriii\ I.-\cf,l'i:l)K, KiHt. N'jit. roisH., iv, 4'J(I, 1802 (I'.f) iiWnttiiriUH ni/im).
<'ini.siii>hiiii,(',V\\\'M \ VaI,KN< ll'NNK.M, IIImI. Niil. l'<>lis., Mil, lO'.', IM'HI (/i()(/irt(il/.« ru/lin) :

iiiiiiiu |ir('<M'('ii|ili't| liy (liiniiphuK, |i',\iiiir<'U'«, 17U'J, !i;;i>uum iit'(,'til<><i|it)tru. anil l>y Hoxity.

pliH$, lii Miiiii, IHO'J. :i i.'(<iiiiH of hlnU.
' ri';»i<<(''r(((i, Sw.MNMtiN, Nat. IIImI CIumhii KIhIh-ih, II, ^W,V^ (vrrren rufus). ikiI ('rfnUuhriiKitf

CrviKii.
//«//.(■. Cii. I,, I'loc. Ac. Nat.Sci I'lillft. 1H0;1,'.'22 {hmUanu* ni/iix).
It'iilianu», I'dKY. Kf|iort' lo, ii. :i;il, 1807 (bodiaiiut).

Hoily roliiiHt, iiudlcratuly cniii|tn'Mso(l, ('(tviTcd with liriii ncalos of vary-
ing si/f, jiboiit It;) ill Mio coiiiHit of tlir lateral liio', wliicli i.s roiitiiiiioiiH.
Il*'a<l nitlHtr ]ioiiiti>il In tlir youii);, Ix'coniiii^ very <li'i'|i ami cotivi \ in tlit;
adult frniii tho (Irvolopiiu'iit. of a<li])oH<- t.issiio on llir top of tlio lira*!,
Opercic, Hiilioporclo, iiitoropi-rcle, and chuokH scaly, preopurcle naked ;
prcopficlo iiiiiiiitcly Hrrnilattv iiHiiall.v luH'oiiiinjj; oiitin- with ayr. Month
rathi'i' laiK''- Jaw.s tiudi with I strong, conical, Honiowhat <;oiiipr«.ss('d
caniin'S in front, tht* lafural tenth HJniilar, but much ainallcr, conlcmciit at
liasc with each (dher, and with small granular teeth, so that tlie Hiirfaec
of the JawH is hoiiy; upper jaw with stronjc posterior ( aiiiiies, dire(^ted
forward, jlorsal (in with alioiit 12 low spines, each portion with u scaly
sheath nt hase, the rays naked; anal with ',i siiines, th*^ H)>in«^s rather
strong; iolies of soft dorsal, iinal, and caadal inoru or less produced in the
adult;* voiitrals iiiHcrted tlirectly holow jt«ctorals. (Jill ineinhranes
slijjfhtly connectod. Vertebra' 11 -f 17 2S. Coarse, hrij^htly eolon^il
lishes, inhahitin^j; tropical seas. (<Xfi7t//, scythe; in allusion to the falcate
tins.)

II. Ciilor ill lifo not red; iiialo lilius witli a yoUnw patch iMliiiiil llic |ii<ot(i)',il tin, wliich
liiiH a larK*^ dark Hpiit on its cxtniiiiity; hoad, tail, and tiii.s iiri^lit red, tlicir
t i|>M liiack and .M'lliiw ; I'orclioad v*iry kiIiIioils in tho adult. Female liniwniHli
yellow; a dark liaiid coinnienco.s liuhind the snout and is divided into 2
licdiiiid the eye, the upper portion ri'.nnin;; ahuif; the hack and nearly Joiiiiiifr
itH fellnw from the other nido on the hack of llie free ]iortion of the tail, while
the lower cronse.>< the aiigliMif the opercninni and Ih coiitiiiiied on to the llliddh^
of the tail, terminating near the caudal niid alternating with 2 spots lichind
the ha.Hc of the caudal tin; tins yellowish or tM'iinge. Kortdicad scari'ely gili-
hoiis in tint adult. lai'LOTyKNIA, 1087.

(/((. Color chit'tly red, without dark hands or stripes.
Ii. Pectorals immaculate.

('. Body without dark cross hand, or <'oiispicnoiis pair- blotch.

(/. (ieneral color violet red above and anteiiorly, yellow or orange heliind
and below; lower |>art of sides and jiosterior jiart of body yellow-
ish oran;;o; upper jinrt of head and body (as far hiuk as a line
ad.joinin;; base of pectoral and soft dorsal) violet red; middle of
caudal, bases of jieclorals and vciitrals, and most of anal violace-
ous; tins a little loss produced than in //. tlijilntwitiii. kuka, 1088.

"This chnractcr distiiiKiiishe.'* Ifarpc from Diatlodon, I'.owdich, (Kx<\ Madeira, 1825,
2;!8), I.ejiiiliiiiUiin iiU\, an (lid World jj;cniis with the vertical lins low.

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15S2 ntillctin 4.7, United States National Museum,

dd. Opncral color vf^rniilion, with two Inrgp. irrcgulnr, black lilotrlicH on
thn back and dorHal fln, tlio anterior on the flrnt 6 dorsal spines,
tho ijostflrior extending over th(< whole soft dorsal and ovur a por
tion or tho 1>nck of tho tail ; snont pointed, with the upper prolili'
slightly concave ; head longer than high; candal eiimrginate.

ECI,ANCI1KRI, lOg'.i
ob. Pectorals with a largndark'hiiie spot towards tho tip; color cai .line red; lin.s
edged witli darker; liase of pectorals wliitisli; side of 1)ody with a piilr
roso-colorcd band; dorsal tin low; veiitrals reaching vent; snout sharp.

rULCHEIXA, lilOll

1I087. IIARPK niPLOT,KXIA,r,ill.

Head about 3; depth 3 tu 3} (iucludinir scaly duraal Hhe.ith). 1). XII,
11; A. Ill, 13; scales 5-33-12.

Male: Forehead very gildtonsin the adult; a large, nmnded, fleshy pad
on the forehead of the adult male, overhanging the snout slightly, and
about 3 times the width of the eye in height; preopercle entire, or very
slightly crennlated; eye a littlo less than (> in head, which is about 3 to
3^ in lengtli; lower lip extending downwards in a loose flap on each side
to below the chin in the adult, which has a fleshy mass bel<»w; all the
fins (except tho pactorals) elongate in the adult, the dorsal nearly reach-
ing, and the anal extending beyond, the median caudal rays; external
caudal rays twice, or more, as long as the median ; in large specimens the
ventrals extend to posterior end of base of anal. In life, blue, with a yel-
low patca behind tho pectoral fin, which has a large dark spot on its
extremity; head, tail, and fins bright red, their tips black and yellow.

Female: Forehead 8(!arcely gibbous in the adult; preopercle entire (»r
slightly crenulated; eye 6 in head, which is about equal to depth; verti-
cal fins elongate in the adult, the dorsal extending nearly to, and the anal
beyond, the median caudal rsiys, which are | as long as the external rays.
Color brownish yellow j a dark band commences behind the snout and is
divided into 2 behind the eye, tho upper ]K>rtion running along the back
and nearly joinfng its fellow from the other side on the back of the free
portion of the tail, while the lower crosses the tingle of the opercnlum
and is continued on to the middle of the tail, terminating near the caudal
and alternatiiig with 2 spots behind the base of the caudal fln; flns yel-
lowish or orange.

Pacific coast of tropical America, about rocky islaiuls; not rare, but not
easily taken; known from Cape San Lucas, Panama, the Revillagigedo
Islands, and tho Venados at Mazatlan. {SiTtXoo?, double; ratvia, band,
from the coloration of the female.)

ITarpe MpManiia, Cnx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862. 140, female, Cape San Lucas,
(Coll. Xantus) ; Johdan & (iii.iiEKT, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 367 (note OuU. diplo-
twnia Gill) ; Jordan, Ueviow Labroid Fishes, 29, 1890.

Jfarpe j)<?ctorn Ji«, (liLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 141, male, Cape San Lucas (Coll.
Xantus) ; JoROAN & (lu.nERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, ;t67 (note on tyi)e).

dogsyphut pertiiralig, (JI'ntuer, Cat., iv, 110, 1862.

Oosiyi>huii diplotvnia, GiiNTHER, Cat., iv, 110, 1862.

liodianvt peetorali^ JoBnAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1885, 384.

liodianux diplotoenia, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu.s. 1883, 384.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America, 15<S.'i

I0M8. II4RPK RIJFA (Liiimiim).
(Laov-fihii; Si'AN;ra Laiiykimh; Spanish IIuukish; I'iijiano; Pkuko ('oi.ouado. )

Head 3A ; <leptli nearly 3. 1). XII, 9; A. Ill, 11 or 12; erales 5-32-13;
snont '^\i iu boad. liend longer thuu hi;;!! ; Hiioiit r/oiiited; ]>reo]>ercl<^ deii-
tioiilato; lina ii little Ichh x>rodiiced thiin in H. diplottinia. (fCiioral color,
violet rod above and anteriorly, yellow or orange behind and below;
lower part of .sidef aud posterior part of body yellowish orange; uitper
part of head and itody (as far back as a line ,joiDin<; base of pectoral and
soft dorsal) violet red; middle of caudal, liases of pectoral and ventrals,
and roost of anal, violaceoiis. Length 2 feet. A handsomely colored lish,
generally common in the West Indies, about islands and reefs; north to
Key West, IJermnda and St. Paul Kocks; south to Kio Janeiro; our speci-
mens are I'rom Havana, {ruj'ua, yellowish red.)

/'((diauo t'ennW/io, MAR('<iRAVE,IIiMt. Kras., 145, 140, 1048, Brazil; on n ilrawiiig liy Prince

Mai'KIce <if Na8S!tii.
Tnrdus flamiH (the IIojjfiHli), Catksby, Nat. Hist. Caroliun, n, pi. 2, lig. 1, 174;t, Bahamas.
LabniB ni/ufi, Linn.ki'S, Syst. Nat., ICd. \, 284, I7i>8, and li^d. xii, 475, 17GC; aClnr Catksiiy;

(iDonK it Hean, l*rof\ IT. S. Nat. Mils. 1883, 200 (notn on Linniuan s])ccinu'n.)
Pi'ifo Colorado, Pakka, De.scr. Dif. Picz. Hist. Nat. Culm, 3, lain, .'t, ll>;. 1, 1787, Havana.
7?i«fia»i«»fco(?trtnM«, Bloch, Iditli., vii,24, pi. 223, 1790, Brazil; from a drawing liy Prince

MAt'UlCE, the namci usud by MAHcriiiAVE.
Lutjanxu ve»-res, liux!H, Iclithyol., ]d. 25,'i, 1791, locality uncortai:>.
Sparus falcatim, Kutcil, Iclitliyol., pi. 258, 1791 ; after a drawing by Pi.cmiek, made at

Martinique.
Lah'ds semiiuber LAf'^VKnK, I. c, ill, 428, 1802, Rio Janeiro; from notes by ('ommeuson.
Itodianiis blochii, LACKpKDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss. iv, 279, 290, 1803; after lioilinnua hodianux,

15i.o<'H.
Ilarpr eaTileo-aureut, LACKPf;DK, I. c, 420, 427, pi. 8, fig. 2, 1803, Martinique; from the draw-
ing of ri.uMiEK, used by Bi.orn.
Oimyphus hodiaiiun, Cuvier &, Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiii, 103, 1839.
Vosnyphus verreg, Castelnau, Anim. Noiiv. on liares Aiueriiiue du Sud, Iclitli.. 27, 1855.
<:<>s.Hiiphus rtifus, GOnthek. Cat., iv, 108, 1862; GOnther, Sliorc-Fishes, Cballt'iiger, 14, 1880.
Uarperu/a, GihL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 222; Goode, Fi.slies Bermudas, 37, 1876;

Jordan & Gu.bbrt, Synapsis, 601, 1883; Jordan, Koview Labroid Fishes, 029, 1890.
liodianux rvfiii, PoEV, Repertorio, u, .331, 1807; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mub. 1884, 148;

Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1886, 45.

1989. HAKPK RCIiAXCHEUI (Valenciennes).

Head 3^ ; depth 3. 1). XII, 10; A. Ill, 12 ; scales 32. Snout pointed with
the upper profile slightly concave; head longer than high; dorsiil and
anal IJns produced; caudal emarginate. General color vermiliim, with 2
large, irregular, black blotches on the back and dorsal fin, the anterior on
the first 6 dorsal spines, the pcsteriov extending over the whole soft dorsal
iind over a portion of the back of the tail. (ValenciennesV This species
is known from Valeucieunes's description aud figure only. It much
resembles Harpe rufa, apparently differing only in color, (jalajiagos
Islands. (Named for M. I<!clancher.)

Gotsyphun eclanchfri, Valenciennes, Voy. V6nu8, Zool., 340, Poiss., pi. 8, flg. 2, plates, 1840;

text, 1855, Galapagos Islands; GI'ntiier, Cat., iv, 108, 1862.
ffarpe eclane/ieri, Jordan, Review Labroid Fishes, 630, 1800.

I

'Mir

1584 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

l»00. IIAHI'K PILCHKLliA d'ony).

Head 4J; depth 4?. D. XII, 9; A. Ill, 12. Dorsal <iii low: fins Homo
what pr.Klnccd; veiitrals rcacliing vont; snout sharp; jiectorals with n
largt! (lark-hliio spot toward the tip; <'ol(tr carmine rud, (ius edged witli
darker; base of pectorals Avliitish; side of body with a ]»uler rose-colored
band. (Poey.) Cuba; known to us solely through Poey's descriptions.
{pulvhellns, pretty.)

Cosgyphvn pHlehelliis, PoEY, Memorias, ii, 208, ;860, Havana; (JI'NTllEii, (Jnt., IV, 108, 18(i'j.

Bodianus imicliellus, PoKY, Syiioj)siM, 'I'.Vi, 4.')!t, 1808.

narpe milchdla, JouUAN, Itoview I.ubroid rislies, 0.10, 1890.

632. DECODON, CJilnther.
Deeodon, GrNTiiKn, Cat. Fish. Urit. Mas., iv, 101, 1802 (puellarit).

Body moderately compressed, oblong, covered with largo scales; head
oblong; checks, opcrcles, and lower limb of i)reopeirlr scaly, the poste-
rior limb being naked; base of dorsal and anal not scaly ^ lateral line
continuous. Teeth essentially as in Harpv, those of the Jaw in a single
series; 4 canines in the front of each Jaw; a posterior canine on each
preniaxiUary. Dorsal with 11 spines; anal with 3. Vertebrn- 12 + 16— :2X.
Intermediat<' between liodianna and Trochocojma, having the large scales
of the former and the naked fins of the latter. A single species, a small
iish belonging to the West Indian fauna. It is closely related to Uarpr.
(Se'ha, ten; odov^, tooth; there being 10 canines.)

1001. DECOIION ITEIiLAUIS (Poey).

Head 3i; depth 4. D. XI, 10; A. Ill, 10; scales 2^-30-8; vertebra-
12 -|- 16=28. Body moderately compressed, oblong ; head oblong ; cheeks,
opcrcles, and lower limb of preopercle scaly, the posterior limb being
naked; teeth uniserial; 4 canines in the front of each Jaw; maxillary
reaching a little bej'ond eye, which is as wide as the iuterorbital spac«',
shorter than snout; edge of preopercle minutely denticulated; caudal
emarginate; ventrals not reaching vent; color, according to Poey, rose
red, with 3 large red blotches; head with severai pearl-colored streaks
(yellow in life); a transverse one between the nostrils; 2 obli(iue ones
running from orbit toward subopercle, and a broad oni^ from angle of
'uoi..';h to angle of preopercle; some yellow spots on sides of head; eacli
scale on sides with a yellow spot on its edge; tins mostly red, the soft
dorsal and anal with 4 rounded yellow spots; several spots on 8])inous
dorsal and caudal. Length 6 inches. West Indies, north to Florida;
known from Cuba, Pensacola Snapper Banks, and Barbados. This smisll
si)ecie8 is not uncommon at Havana. The 2 specimens examined by us
were taken from the stomachs of groupers in deep water on the Snapper
Banks south of Pensacola. {puellaris, pretty, fvompuella, girl.)

CoisypJmt puellaris, Poey, Memoriaa, 11, 210, 1860, Havana.

Deeodon piiellarin, (K'ntiieh, Cat., iv, 101, I8C2; Poey, Synopsis, 332, 1868; JonoAN, Proc,
U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1884, 545; Jordan, Kuviuw Labroid Fishes, 032, 1890.

Jordan and Kvermann. — Fishes of North Anurica.

1585

633. PIMELOMETOPON, (Jill.

(Kat-iikai>h.)

rimelometopon, (Jill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1804, 58 (pulcher).

Mody robust, «'(ivered with hiuuII scales, about 60 in lateral line; both
Iiiiil)s of tho prooptTt'lf uiikud; caudal subtruncato, with the iingl«>H more
or ]g8S produced. l'o.sterior caninea present; anterior raninesl; dorsal
-pines 12; adult male with the forehead jj[reatly eleviited, covered with a
iliick pad of flit. This ^enus is close to llariie, ditfcrinjj; chieHy in the
naked dorsal and smaller scales. The small si/e of its scales distinguishes
ii fiom Trovhocopita and the jiresence of posterior canines from SeinicoHiiy-
jilnis. Robust species, of la.'ge size and bright colors. {nmeXif, fat;
lit'TciTtoi', forehead.)

ii ( '<i1or (inalvii), licad, ilorHnI, niuil, anil randnl iliis, also tlio jmsterior ]iart of tho bnily
as far forward as tlio vi-iit, i>iirplis1i black; lower jaw whitu; tlii> rest of tlio
body varying in lint, from dear crinmoii to blarkisb, with (•0|)pery or purplish
luster; fonialvM dusky roHO-colorod, witii bla<'k areas ill dc-lined or obHoleto; pre-
oporcle serrulate^ in young, bcconiiiig entire. I'l'i.ciiEB, 1992.

((((. Color rod; a largo yellow blotcli al»ove the ptictoral, and a black one anteriorly on
the spinous dor.sal ; preoporcle, entire. iiAiiWiNU, 1993.

1»02. riMKIiOMKTOPOX niXiiKU (Ayres).
(Cai.ikoknia Kkdfisii; Kat-head.)

Head 3; depth 3. 1). XII, «(); A. Ill, 12; eye5inh«'ad; snout 2^; scales
CiO, 11 above lateral line; vertebra 11+17=28. Body .somewhat deep and
( onipressed; forehead in the adult with a very prominent fatty hump;
Miiout rather blunt; caudal truncate, its lobes Iwingjnoduced and point«-d
in the adult; gill rakers short and thickish ; scales on breast small; cheeks,
opercles, and iuteropercles with scales; tins naked; preopercle serrulate
in young. Color (males), head, dorsal, anal, and caudal tins, also the
jMisterior part of the body as far forward as vent, purplish black, lower
Jaw white; the rest of the body vai\ving in tint from clear <-rims(m to
blackish, with coppery <ir purplish luster; females dusky rose-colored,
with the black areas ill delincHl or ob.s<dete. liength 3 feet. Coast of
siiiithcrn California, from Point Concepcio^ to Ascension Island in Lower
California. This liirg»>. and handstmie lish is very comnu.n on the <u)ast
of soutlu'rn California, and is taken in enormous numbers in the kelp ort"
tiic shore. It is taken chietly by the Chinese, with hook and line. It is
salted and dried by them. It reai-hes a weight of 12 to 15 jiounds. The
male is quite different in color from the feinah', and the old individuals,
as usual with largo Labroids, have the forehead surmounted by a mass of
fat. The spi'.cimens described are from San Diego. (j)i/Ic/jt'r, beautiful.)

Lahnig piilcher, AvuBS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei., i, 1854, ;t, San Diego.

SimicoKsyphus pulcher, (Ji'NTiiEK, C'at.,iv, 99, 1862.

I'iDielovu'toponpulcher, (Inx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Siii. IMiila. 1804, 59; Jordan, Proc. IT. S. Nat.

Mus. 1880, 29 and 455.
Ilarpe pulchra, JoHVAN & Gilbert, Viw. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 278; Jordan & Gilbert,

Synopsis, 002, 1883.
Trochiico2>i(s pvleher, Rosa Smith, Proc U. S. Nit. Mus. 1883, 233; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N.

Am., 98, 1885; Jordan, in (^ioode Nal.TIi.st. .\quat. Aniin., 275, 1884; Jordan, Ueviow

Labroid Fishes, 633, 1 sou.

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15.S0 liullctin 47, United States National Museum.

I»0». IMNEM>MKTOPO> DARWIMI (JoiiynH).

HpjkI 3; (lopth 3. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 12; scales (iL». Snout point. d:
outor lohoH of oiudal noticeably produced, as are uIho tlu^ soft dorHul iiinl
iinul ; i)reoporclo entire. Color re«l ; a large yellow blotch above the per -
tonil, and a black one anteriorly on the spinous dorsal (Valencionnts i
(iaiapajros Islaiuls; not Heen by uh. Kvidently very closely related to /',
;>M/r/(cr,dilV('rinjj from tin- latter (^hielly in color. (Named ior its discoveni .
Charles l>arwin.)

CiiMi/phut (larioiiiii, Jknvns, V<iy. Bisifjle, FiHlios, 100, jil. 20, 1842, Chatham Island,

Galapagos. {('oU. Diirwiii.)
LahniH api'r, VAi.nNCiKNNiis, Voy. do la VrniiH, '/aw]., Poias., XI8, pi. H, f. 1, ti-xt, I«i"i,'>; i>liil(>

1840, Galapagos Island.
TrochiK-npiisilarifinU, (ifNTHKii, ('at., iv, 100, 1K02; Joudan, Itevii-w Labroid Fishes, fi:i:;
I'imeUtmHopon datwinU, (lii.l., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 18«4, ri9.

634. CLEPTICUS, Cuvier.

(HepHcus, CnviEK, Riigno Aniiunl, Kd. u, Vol. 2, 261, 1829 (!jenizara:=parrce).

Anterior teeth small, bluntish, not canine-like; no posterior canino;
mouth very small, terminal; snout short and blunt; dorsal and anal
enveloped in scales, except produced tips of both lins; caudal dei'j>lv
forked; dorsal spines 12, almost hidden by series of scales; head every
where closely scaled, except on lips and snout; scales of body large; jnc-
operele serrulate; gill raker.s slender, short; pectoral falcate; lower
pharyngeals A'ery small, Y-shaped, their teeth small, very blnnt, ami
coalescent; vertebrae 10 -f- 17--=:27. This genus contains a single species,
a singular looking little fish, inhabiting the West Indian waters. It is
remarkable for the close s(|uamation of its head .and fins, as well as fdi
the feebleness of its dentition. {fiXsTtrtxd^, one inclined to steal; a nanir
given to recall the aUlnity of th«) genus to Epihulus, from litifiovXac..
insidious; its Dutch name in MoUucca being de Jiedriyer.)

i^:' ::\

1904. riiKPTICrS PAKK.K (liloch & Sclmeidor).

(Geni/aka; Janissary; Creole.)

Head 3^^; depth 2|. 1). XII, 10; A. Ill, 12; scales .5-35-12 ; vertebr;i'
10 + 17 = 27. IJody roluist, considerably compressed; 4 rows of scales on
cheek; pectorals falcate, slightly lougtn- than head; dorsal and anal com-
pletely enveloped in a scaly sheath, produced soft rays of both tins naked
except at bas«^ ; produced dorsal ray nearly as long as head. Color in spirittt,
reddish brown ant«'riorly as far back as an irregular line connecting ventrals
and last ray of dorsal fin, becoming coppery below ; posteriorly insensibly
shading into greenish marbled with verdigris groen. This species seem.s
to be rather rare in the West Indies. Here described from a single speci-
men nearly a foot long from Havana. West Indies, recorded from Cuba
and Jamaica. (Named for Don Antonio Parra.)

I{abiriibiagenizara,'PARHA, Dif. Piozaado Hist. Nat. Ciil)ii,44, pi. 21, fig. 1, 1787, Havana.
lirama parrw, Bloch & SrnNEmEH, Syst. Iclith., 100, 1801, Havana ; after llahiruhia
gmizara, of Parha.

Jordau aud F.vcrmauu. — Fishes of North Amcriia. 15S7

( !ei,lieu» genizara. (JuviHli, ItiNKtu' Animal, I'M. Ii, Vol. 2, 2fll, 1H20, Havana; alter I'ARRA;
(TviEK >V Vai,en(IKNNK.s, HlHt. Viit. r<ii.MH., xm, HOT, pi. ;i77, IHIIK; (;('ntiikii, (^llt., IV.
112, lf<0*_'! ToEV, SyiioimiH, :i:i2. 1H68; JoKDA.v, I'roc. IT. S. Nat. Muh. 1886, 4:1; Joi(l>AN<
Uoview Laliroiil FiHlu'H, 0;i.'>, IHIM).

635. IRIDIC, .lovdiiii A I'.vormuiiii.

(llONCKI.I.A.S.)

/. hihiivallus, Jordan, Koview Laltroiil I<'iHlii\s, ftw, ih!M> (iliniidiata); luit, (if Swainhon, a«

pidpcii.v rcntrictcd Vnrin.
I.itlio, .louuAN it KvKUMANV, Cliflck-LiNt,4l2, 18JMI (raiUaliin).

|{()(ly oblong, compressed, not elevated, covered witli lur<;o settles, there
lieing 25 to 30 in tbe course of the latera. line, wliiuli is not intcrru]>ted,
liiit abruptly bent posteriorly. Scales on breast rather smaller. Head
ii:il<od, compressed, <'onic. I'rcopercle entire. Teeth large, the u)>per,jaw
w ith 2 .strong canines in front, none of them bent backward; lower Jaw
with 4 anterior canines, a ])osterior canine tooth directed f<u-ward on eacli
.side of the «i)per Jaw. Dorsal spines !t; anal spines ',\, graduated; ven-
tiiilt-.'inserted under axil of pectoral, (fill rakers short and feeble; gill
iiieinbraues slightly Joined to a narrow isthiiins. Vertebne 10 + 15=^25.
Species numerous, most of them brilliantly c(dored, abounding in kel]> in
tlio tropical seas. All of them are American. The genus is very close to
tlieOld World genus llaVioharcs," ditt'ering chi«>lly in the dentition and in
tlic presence of 3 an.al spines instead of 2. (Iris, //j/g, the rainbow.)

«. Caudal flu v«ry Hlijililly concave, truncato wlien sprcs.-wl open, tlio outer rays lonjj'^r

than tlio niitldio ones; body dcoji and coniprea.sed, tlio depth about 2il in length ;

vcintral linn tilaiucntnus, tlie outer ray j, roduced, more than twice as long as inner

ray; scales liet'orc dorsal not <'rossing the middle line, in about ,'> aeries.

h Side below spinous dorsal without dark crossbar; general color bluish ( '), or

bronze (9), with many sky-bine 8])ots, most distinct posteriorly ; sky-blue

spots and streaks on head; a .stripe ]>assing through the upper part of oye;

tins with blue stripes: a dark axillary spot; end of pectoral dusky.

KADIATUS, 1995.

' llalii'li(i-re», IM'im'KI.i,. Xeue Wirbelthiere, Fisehe, 16, 18H5 {bimaculaliit, etc.), not

IlaliclKfrtm, Nu.skon, 1820, a genus of seals.

Cliiii-ojulis, (Ju.L, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci, Phila. 18(>2, 142; substitute for llalichwret.

'I'hc American species hitherto referred to Ualiehmreit or to I'latjiglosmi* .seem to consti-
tute a distinct genus (Iriilio) cbarat.terized by the incisors ?, and the presence of .'{ anal
s|)incs. The numerous s]>ecies are all American, tho.se of italichwres being contiued to
t he East Indies.

We. also recognize as a genus distinct from Ilalichaeres, the group calle<l Platyglosnis hy
Bl'cker (type manjinatnis) .

The dorsal in J'lati/glossiis has a scaly sheath at its base somewhat as in the genus
lliirpe. The anterior canines in I'latyglonxus are ?. In Onntheria IJleeker (caenileotHt-
tntn), Hinnitautoga Bleeker (eentiquadra), there are"2 rows of small scales on the t^heeks,
•i.s wftllason the ojjercles above. . In Macropharyngodon Bleeker {geoJI'i .,yi), the strongest
marked of the v.arions genera of Uleoket, which (Liiinther has nnited witli Platygliismm
Miiil llaUchirres, the lower pharyngeals are very small, provided with but 3 teeth, of which
the middle one Is quite larije. In ilaeropharyngodon the canines are small, i in ninnber.
.Ml the American species here referred to Iridio have the anterior canines J. The Kast
1 iiilian species have tlie teeth J, exce])tin 2 or 3 species, in which the teeth are }. In Ilali-
fliirrex tlie usual number of anal.ppines is 2. The name Ichthyeallus should not bo used
lor this genus. .lordan & Hughes remark (Proc. K. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 57) : "The generic
iianies, Chlonchthys axu\ I chlhyeallns of Swaiuaon, based in part en sjiecies of I'latyglotsug,
Imt distinguished by imaginary characters and including species of earlier genera, have
liiM'u very properly set aside by Dr. Gill as synonyms ot Ourii and Julis" (Tlinlaaiioma).
A .similar view has been taken by Dr. iSwain.'Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1882, 275. Swaiu
reniiirks: ^' Chloriclithys and /cfcf/ii/crtH«.v. confused jumbles of species, may well be con-
sidered as synonyms of Thalatsoma and ('on*, respectively, although several genera are
reitresonteil in each."

T

■1:5

$ i^

1588 DuUetin 47, United Stahs National Museum.

'^r rl

'm., i:<.

ili|; :?

'C

hh. Siilii Iiclow HpinoiiH (lurHitl with ii very bronil, hIncklHli (tomh bur.

c. (ieiiornl color hlulHb nrolivo; dark croHS bar obsciins niniilii;; from midilli.

of flpinoiiH tloronl to llii* H|>m'o butwecn voiitrals niiil vent; boliind iIhh

a pnb^-ycllowiHli bitr; b<>R<l anil aiitorior rouion witb roiiiul, pale bin i.ili

ApotH, wliicb oxloixlon back niidon tboilnrk bar; doi'Hal bliiUb at \\.nv,

yidbiwiHbabovo, witb rc^iibir blu<^ npotH riii((o<l wltb darker; a narniv,

bliioinarKiiiHloiiKcdjroof tin; caudal witli oliHciiru round l>liiiMii n))ii|.4:

anal lik(Mb)r8al; pcctoraJH and vontrals plain. niciiolsi, I'.i'.h;.

ce. (fcncral color red; dark croHH bar coimpiciiouH from I lie foiirtli to huvihiIi

<lorHal HpincM downward to niiddlo of Midi^H, HcalcH of Hidon <';i. Ii

witb a vertical Itluu line, tliosu anteriorly nuirgined witb violet; hIiIc.

of bend witb blue linen and H])otH; dorsal and caudal orange. \\\<-

fornu'r witb (d(lii|ue broken lines of blue, Ibo latter witb a few I. mi'

Hpotrt at buHo; anal vi(det, tben yellowiHb, tben mart^ined witb lihi< .

witb a blue median line and broken blue lines at base; otIiertiiDt \\Ak-

Head 'A\ in lengtb ; caninoH Hlron^; HcalcA on nape in Txir 0 Horiett, n.it

croHHin ■; tbo median line ; caudal very sligbtly enuirfrinate ; outer \,y\

of ventral twice inner ray, and roucbing vent. hei.likkk, I'.iuT.

aa. Caudal fin rounded or Bubtrunuate; tbo outer rays not produced, Hborter tliiin tin-

niidtlle ravH.

d. Scales before dorsal reduced in size, extending a(T0SH tbu median linn, and in

10 to 1^ rows; ventral sliort, its rays not tllamentouH; snout ratberbliini :

body moderately elongate, tbo deptb It'J in lengtb; i^olor olivaceous, ujili

s(mu< blue and bron/.o markings; nuiles witli a broad indigoblue cross ImihI

bcbind pe(^torals; females witb inky spots on tbe scales of tb(< up|i<r

povterlor part of back; pe(ttoral» yi Mow, witb a black axillary spot.

SEMiriNCTl.x, lll'.IS.

di\. S<tales befon; dorsal larg<\ in 4 to 0 rows, not crossing tbe median line; snimt

moderately pointed.

e. Ventral fins witb tbe outer rays produced, more tban twice tlio loiiglli ni

the inner.

/. Side witbout conspicuous dark lateral band anil witb a distinct d;irU

vertical l)ar, extending downward from s]iinous dorsal; axilliiiv

spot oliscurc; body ratber elongate, tliedeptb about 3J in Icngtli ;

profile not steep; posterior canines rather snuvll ; bead witli iilaik

streaks and s;)ots above: (caudal sbarply barred, oahnoti, l!i!l!i.

ff. Side witb a broad blue-black lateral band extending from eye to tij)

of caudal, tbo back aliove this, dark brown or bliiisb; spinous

dorsal wltb no coiLspionous l)lack spot; a dark-blue stripe frnm

eye to nape; fins mostly blue-black witb pale (ulglngs; midille

and base of 4-audal dusky; tip of pectoral dusky; proflle ratlier

steep; body ratber robust, tbe deptb 'A\ in lengtb.

OYANOCEl'HALUS. 200(1.

ee. Ventral tins witb outer ray not produced, its lengtb not more tiiaii i

tbat of inner rays; side witb a dark lateral band; species of small

size.

(/. Spinous dorsal with a con8|iicuous blue-bla<'k spot between the tilili

and seventh spines; body not very slender, the deptb .ii in

length ; a dark band from snout through eye to o]ierclo. tbe l;it-

oral band on side broader tban eye and placed a little abovi! tlu'

opercular band, tbo lateral band extending nearly to tip of r;iii

dal ; no second dark band below it ; a faint dark spot under la^t

(iorsal ray and one at base of pectoral above; 2 or 3 narrow

bluish-white s'ripes across cheek; body and fins in life witli

bright colors which fatle in alcohol. MACULII'INNA, 'JOdl.

gtj. Spinous dorsal pale, tbe black spot very small or wanting; body

slender, the deptb 4 in length; opercle with a couspicuiiiis

black spot; a blue-black band from snout through eye and

across op<!rcles to base of caudiil, not extending on the liii; ;i

A^-Jt.i, .:.'.''.;1X-

Jordan and livermann. — Fishes of North America. loS'.J

20011.
Miuii A
'Hiiiall

nai'i'owur and i'nlntcr Imnil t'roin Iowit bnncol'pirtoral to alio vo

anal, tlii'Mc liaiiilH^i'owiii^' taiiittir will, au<' anil HOint'tinuiM iIIh-

a|)|M-arin>:, tlit« lnwrralwayH wiinlInK in tl><> ailiilt; nouxillar.v

Hpot : no iliHiinrt lianilH acroHH cliiM'k ; IhiH inoxtl.v |mli', with

liriKliI riMl anil Itliio coIdi'h in litV, tint ,vimimk anil ilt'i'it-watri'

inilividiialM oftun "ImwinKa Itlnrk Hpot at liasu of caudal anil

HonH'tinicH a dark n)iiit Mt<ai- iniililli< of ilnrxal witli Hinnutinii'H

a largtir oni< al llii^ baw iif itH laHl ray ; aiiKli'H of I'aiiilal Idark

ill udiilt; luwiT phuryiiKonlrt T-^l»ipvd, tlio anli-rioi' linih vi<i',v

Hliort. IIIMTTATrs, L'OO'J.

(Jaiidal tin double roncavo, tliu ini'diaii portion i'oiivi*x, llio iiiili>r rayit iiioi'tt or Ii'hh

prodiiri-d in adult (tin- tin ronnili'd in lliu .vouii};) : HcaloH Ixtlori! dorHal in (I or

7 rowH, not. rroHHinK tin- nii'diaii line; a bliiu blai'k Hpot cioho Ix-liiiid c.vtt, Honie-

tiiiii'M olmuli'tu in tin; adult.

h. Lateral liuo with a round bluo-hlark Hpot lirlow I'oiirtli and lll'tli iloraal apinos,

thftHpot largttr than oyv; no Hpot hcliind i\Vi*; vrntralH with thu outiirray

little prodiicitd, not rcarhiiiK nearly to tipHot' piM'toraLi; body ratlii'i'Htoul,

tbtt depth about :ig in li'iiKth; ]iriitll» Htcep; nnoiit iiiiMli-rali-ly pointrd;

no axillary spot; color olivi'; blue HpotHon the Hcalen posteriorly, wbiliHb

spots anteriorly: head and caudal liir;ri'ly red in lil'i'; yoiiiiK with ii dark

lateral band, oiidiiiK in the very yount; in a black Hpot. dihI'II.I's, 20U;t.

hh. Lateral li'io without blue-black spot; ventrals with the outer ruyt) sourcely

tilaiuentouH, about reaching tipH of |iectoralH.

i. Tubes of pores of lateral line dislinctlv branched, the branches imually

3 in niiinber; body moderately slender, tlie depth a little less than

length of bead and 'A% to 4 in body; hea^l 'i'i.

j. Eye large, Ijj in snout; snout not very sharp, the anterior protile of

head st«ci> and Hlif;l)tly convex; snout 2^1 in heiul measured

alun;^ the axis; pecto 'al shortish, tj in heail; I'olor in spirits

olivaeeouH, with traces of 3 darker cross liaiiils; dark spot

behind eye large, with a distinct golden s|)ot above it in some

examples; a round black spot at base of last ray of dorsal: tins

all pale in s)>irits, the anal edged with bluish; a bluish cross

bar on base of pectoral. kiusciiii, 2UU4.

jj. Eye ainall, 2^ in snout, brownish above, bright violet red below ;

many blue spots above; a orescent on base of pectoral: caudal

I ilged with violet and with convergent streakd of yellow.

I'OEYl, 'JOO.'J.

ii. Tubes of pores of lateral line all simple or very nearly so, not trilid;
bmly very slender, the depth much less than length of head, 4^ in
body; head 3J; HUout very sharp, the anterior ]>rotile of head
Htraightish and not steep; snout 2), in bead; eye 2 in snout; pec-
toral moderate, Ig in head; color, in spirits, pale, uuinarked, except
for the small black Hpot behind eye.
k. Color in life, olive green, bluish below; back with blue spotH; n
yellow band on sides with vague outlines; posterior ])arts
paler, with rows of blue spots; bead with blue bands; dornal
and anal rosy, with blue spots. ('At'UAi.is, 2006.

kk. Color in life, olivaceous ; abroad band-like area of orange mingled
with violet Hpots along sides backward from head to middle
of body, the lower edge of this band serrate ; below this a pale
violet band, darker behind; still lower a yellow stripe; head
olivaceous, marked with blue; preorbital scarlet, with 3
violet stripes; opercles bright rod, with 3 violet ntripes, the
postocular black spot in the uppermost; dorsal and anal
orange and yellow, with blue spots ; caudal with convergent
bonds of orange forming reticulations around blue spots.

PICTU8, 2007.

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nullelin /7, United Slalcs N^atiotiai AfNscum.

\9m. IHIUIO KAIIIATI'M (LIiiiiiimim).

(Pi'iiDiNd wirKj * Dit.NCKi.i.Aj I'riiiANo Vkkhi';.)

nni(i:{fi to 4; <l*|>lli iiltoMt 2J. 1). IX (ninl.v VIII), 11; A. Ill, 11'; wiil, s
2-2K-l(); (>,vii ()^ ill linid; Hiioiit It; pt'ctoial 1^; lii^lu st tlm-Hiil Npinc ::
Ciindul flu vi'iy Hli^htly <'oiiniv«>, ti'uiinit«« wlii-ii Nprriid upiii, the tnit. i
riiyH ioii^rr tliiiii tlir iiiiiUlIn oid'h; liody dcrp mid «-uiiipi'fSH*-d ; vriili j
liiiH filiiiiifiitoiis, tbt' uiitur niy prodin-i'd, iiioir thiiii twitr iis lun^ ns inih t
niyH; Hciiii-N licturr doiHiil not cioHsiii^ tlio iniddlr lint', in nlioiit 't hi rji
Lower pbiiryn^nii T-slmprd, not iiinrli liroiidcr th.'in ioii^. Miilr Hii
liUKi'ly oiivi^, tlir lowfi' pints dfi'p ItliiiHii jrict'ii ; u Ini^lit onin^r oIIm
ari'U lifliind op«-rr!*', tUfii ii Idin- i-iohh Itand with indi-tinitf fd^rcH at vnil,
till' ri-Nt oC the body tin^iMl with )j;oidcii, tho part uhovr axis of boiK
iiiorr or Ifss oran^r Inown; tbi^ wbolr iip]H-r halt' of liody shows inotr m
b'ss oran;;i) sbadiiifr; bn-ast hiiir );nTii ; Miio spots on scab's less pin.
iioiiiM'i'd than in tho r«-niub>; brad liviil blur ^rt'i-ii, iiion< or b-ss stripiii
and spotti-d with rb'iir bliif, tbi^ .potH anaiif^cd us in tbr lrniiil«-s, biitli :vs
sharply dt'tinrd; orangtt stripes niid tiicas on top and front of brad iis in
frnialf, but thit bliii^ ari'iis larger and iiiorr nicroarliing; dorsal and riii,-
dal nlik«« in both s«>X!'s, thr blu«> more ])ronoiiiir)'d in iiialf; anal alike in
both, but in the niab> tb«' mi-dian stripe is of a rirb grass gn-iMi; pi-ctoml
in male with bliu» rays and bright grass-green membijines; veiitrals simi-
lar, but thiMiiner rays green ; blue spot iit Itiise of |ieetoriil above vei v
intense; oblique bands from peetorul downward and baekwiird similar in
both sexes. In life the female of the '' I'lidding-wife" is of u rich tiiiii>-
liieent bronze olive, the lielly beeoming a livid pearly bine, tingeil with
creamy orange ; a qiiadriite area before dorsal yellowish green, witii
abrupt edges and bounded l»y blue lines; 3 whitish saddle-liive blotelics
below dorsal tin; ii yellowish area on baek of tail; top of head oraiigr
(dive, with 3 rows of clear bine spots; a blue stripe fr<;:ii nape tbroiijfii
upjH'r part of eye to snout; a wavy stripe ofbliii' Just below eye; tein
poral region with i-nrved streaks id" bright blue; lips mostly blue; cheeks
nearly plain; opende light orange, with dashes of blu«^ and violet, but
with«»ut well-d«'ljued spots; middle id" lower Jaw light blue; a longitiidiiiiil
streak on lower part of <dieek; lower Jaw light orange, with 2 bine cross
bands; interoperclc with a bliu' stripe; axil green; a ytdlowish-grecn
shade from pectoral to caudal; a deep-blue spot at upper base id" pectoral;
2 broad orange bars downward and backward from pectoral, the inter-
spaces blue; eiM-h scale on body with vertical spot of vivid blue; on cau-
dal peduncle these spots are brighter, b«-coniiug round below and hori/mi
tally (ddong abov««; sojie of them (Ui base of anal continent in lines;
numth and gill cavity within white (livid blue in male); dorsal orange;
a broad blue marginal stripe; a blue stripe at its base, interrupted behind:
besblcs these a mesial stripe, breaking up posteriorly into about 3 rows
of irregular curved spots; caudal orange, broadly tipped with yellow, its
outer rays blue, its basal part with many irregular spots of light blue;
anal with a basal row of blue spots, then an orange band, then a nar-

* The formation of tlienamo "Pudding-wifo," fVoiu Purfiano aud Old-wife, is au iiitei-
csliiig freak of puimlar etyniulogy.

Jordan and I'Arrniaun. — lushes of h\uth America, ItWl

rills

rail};.'

>iij;li

teiii-

K'cks

liiil

iii.'il

TOSS

fITfll

oral ;
iitn
cati-
i/(iii-
iiies;

lind:
rows
', its
•liic;
iiar-

iiiter

iii\v««r Mtripi- oC hri^rlit l»lii<', tlu-i) a lirouti y<'llo\v baiul, then a row ol'ltliu*
s|totK, tlwii oniiiKt^, tlii-ii ail nd^^f of sky Itliir; |)«»'torul tniiislurnit,
^lia<l<'<l witli blur, and hoiih' |iu1)' oraiiK'S vnitrul with tli*< Hpiiir and IliHt
.ill ray bin*', tlio ni<-iii))ranc oniii^c, thi< (in otb«Twis«< tiaiiHlnonit. Wt-st
IimIIch; roiiiiiioii fi'oiii Hra/il iiortli to tint I'lorida Keys and Itrriiiiida, and
St. I'anls RorkH. LoiiKtli ll< iiicbt's. Our spi'iinionH Iroiii Key West and
Havana. TIiIh In Iho lai'^«!Ht in Hj/f oC Ww Aiiieriran Hpfltii-M of Iridio,
iiid olio of tlioHf most roadily r<'<d);ni/.«-d. Prot'osHor (!ood«> has ^^oll
ili-siribrd tilt) variations duo to a^;)'. This s)M'i'i<>H is cvidriitly tho I'inliuno
ici'ih of Marrjrravr, tbf Pudding- wife of ('at«-sby, and tlu« honnlla of
rami. I.abruH railiatxn of l.intia'Us, in tlii' truth rditioii, is ))asrd sololy
nil tlic Pudding-wifi- of Catt'sby. 'V\u' liiiiiia-an iiaiiic, ratiialiin, uiiiBt
iliorrforc ite taken for tliiu NpccioH. In the twelfth edition, Lahriin rndl-
,iliiH disappeai'H, iMid the piiddin^-wifo a|>pcai'N as a doubtful syuoiiyui of a
SjianiH rtiduituH, which is based on a speciuion of IriiHo hirillohiH Hoiit by
|)r. (furdt'ii from South Caiuliiia. (rudiatun, radiant, streaked.)

I'liiliano renti; MarcouavK, IliHt. I'iHf. ItruHil., 14(1, 1U48, Brazil ; on ii ilniwin^ liy I'riiirx

Af At'RK'K (iC NaHHnii.
liirtUinoenlttradiatii (IMMldiiig-wirc), (J.vtehhy, Niit. IliHt. (.'nrol., ii, 12, jil. 12, !!«. 1, 174:i,

Bahamas.
I.iibntt lailiatHS, LiNN.i:rH, Syst. Nat., Va\. .\. '.'88, \1'>S; huHed on Catkhiiv.
Dnmrlla, I'AUKA, Dom-. Dif. I'ic/. IIIhI. Nut. Culm, <X>, lam. :i7, !!{;■ 1, 1787, Havana.
iMbruH braidlienitiii, Ui.ocii, Iclith., pi. 280, 17112, Brazil ; on a tlrawiiif; of tlio I'luliamt vtrdv

by rriiico Mai'Iiick of Xuhhuu; Hlocii A S<'HNKII>kk, Syntt'inu Itlitli.vol., '.'42, 1801.
.1 iili» crotaphus, CliVlKU, U^kuo Anini., Kd.il, Vol. 2, 258, 1820; bant-d on Donnllaot I'ahka;

no (IttHcription.
.Iiilii cuaiiotliniiia, (luviEK & Vai.f.nciknnes, Hist. Nat. I'oIhs., .\iii, :(01, 18:i0, Martinique.
.Iitlit opalina, CcviKii \- VAi.KNfiK.NNKS, IliHt. Nat. Toiss., .\i!i, ;i'J2, ISIIO. Martinique.
.lidin patatua, Cu visit A Valenciennes, IliHt, Nat. I'oiHH., .\iii, 398, 18;i9, Martinique;

Cuba.
.Iidis principia, CtTViKU &. Valrncienneh, Hint. Nat. Poins., xiii, 402, IWtO, Bahia.
Ciilitrichthya hraailicima, Swat.<o>,.\, (JlaHH. Fisli., etc., 2;i2, 1830; iiiiino only.
I'latmiloaana cyanoatigma, GI'ntiier, Cat., iv, 101, 1802; Coi'E, Trunn. Am. Phil. See. 1871,

4G4; (inNTllElt. .Slioru FiihoH, ChalloDger, 4, 1880.
I'tatyijloaaua juincipia, GOnthkb, Cat., IV, 104, 1862.
I'laliiifloaaiia radiatua, GCnthek, Cat., iv, 103, 1862; Johoan, Proc. 1'. S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 135;

JoKDAN, Cat. Finh. N. Am., 98, 1885; JoKDAN, Proc. I'. S. Nat. Muh. 1886, 4i'>; Jokkan &

IIioiiKS, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 1H80, .la.
I'latiigloaaua opaliniia, (iI'.ntheii, Cat., iv, 103, 1802.

chirriijulis cyanoatigina, Poky, HynopniH, 334, 1H08, Havana; I'oEV, Kuuuiuratiu, 107, 1875.
' 'liwrojulia radiattu, (jOOriE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas., V, 'M>, 187.").
Ilalicha:re$ radlatus, Jurdan, Kuviuw Labroid Finhea, 041, 1800.

ie»». litlUIO MOIIOLSI (Jordan & Gilburt).

I lead 3} ; depth 'U. I ). IX, 12 ; A. Ill, 11 ; scales 2-28-8. Hody deep and
compressed, head entirely naked; caudal lin slightly concave, truncate
when spread open, the outer rays longer than the middle ones ; ventral
\'m» tilameutous, tho outer ray produced, more than twice as long as inner
rays; scales before dorsal not crossing the middle lino, in about 5 series.
(•eneral color bluish or olive; side, below spinous dorsal with a very broad,
blackish cross bar somewhat obscure, riinniug from middle of spinous

u

■11

1592 Ihtlldin 47, Ignited Sfatcs A^itionui Mnst-um,

ilornal to Mi«^ Hparo lintwnnii t)io vutitrulH iiliil viMit; holiiiMl tliis ii |)iil>'
yollowiHli \nM\ li««uil and itntriior ru);iiiii wilh ioiiimI piilr liliiiHli Npots,
which «>Nt«ii<l on buck iintl on i\\\\ tliirk litir; durnal MiiIhIi ut Iuihu, ytilluw
IhIi ahovo, with ro^iiliir liliio HpotH liii^tMl witii tiarlo^r; a narrow Itlih
uiar){iii alon^ ml>;o of lln; i^aiulal witii olmciiru i'oiiihI ItliiiHii HpotH; ain.l
like doi'Hal; ptM-toralH ami viMitnilH plain. IhIhikIh oI' Mio wchI coiist tii
tropical Anittriflii, Kevillai;i){c«|oH iin*l (ialapa^oH. This Hprcitm wuh llisi
tloHn'iJMMl from a Hin^l» Hpocinion from Socorro iHland. A Hitconii .mil
larger uMiniplfl, \\\\ incliuH lon>;, tiiUiMi by tlie .l//>«f^r»MM at ('liarhm iNJaml
in tliu (>alapa);oH, hIiowh tlio lit'u colonitioii bnttor than tho typo, Tlii
Hpt^ciuH Ih tint I'acitlo roprrmMitativo of Iridio radiatiiH, ( HImm' Npccinmnv
huvo bcon Hin<!c obtaiiu^d at tho Ivcvillat^i^oiloH by Dr. (iilbort. (NaMie<i
for ('apt. Ilonry K. Nlcholn, V. H. N. )

riatiigUmmH niehnlH, .Ioiioan a On.iiKUT, I'lnr. I'. S. Nal. Mas. ifWI, '.>:il, Braithwaiti-
Bay, Socorro Inland (T,v|h>, No. 28:!IH. ('nil. NicliolH); Joiidan tV IIi'itillCM, I'rou. I'.S.
Nal. MiiN. IHHA.dl.

Hiilichiinn niclioUi, •Iokoan, Itiivlxw I.iilintitl KUIich, 61'.', 18IHI.

IUU7. IKIIMO SKI.MI-'KIt «iilli»rt).

iff

I .jtyf •;

1''"

ft. -i^

lload :<|; <lo|tth H\. !>. I\, II; A. Ill, 12; niiixillary ',i\ in IkmuI; Hnon;
2); eyci Ii in Nnout; lateral line I'S. ('anineHHtronf;; .scales on napi^n 'i <ii
n BoriiM, not croaHin;; the nuMlian line; no Huuly HhcatliH alon^ <lorHaI an<l
anal; candal very Hli^litly cniarKj|itit«>; onter ray of ventralx twice inner
ray and reaching; vent, (jmeral color red; dark croHg bur conHpicuoiis
from fonrth to seventh dornal HpincH downward to middle of Hide; Ncalcs
of BideH each with u vertical blno line, thoHu anteriorly nnirj^inod with
violet; Hide.s of head with blno lines and Hpotu; dorsal and candal oran^ro,
the former with (d)li<|no broken lincH of bine, the latter with a few bine
gpota at base; anal violet, then yellowish, then margined with blno, with
a blue median line and br<d\en bine linoM at base; other tins pale, ((iil-
bort.) Kevilla<;iKcdo8 Archi|)elago. TIum liaudHome s))ecieH is known
from a single Hpecinioii 11 inches long taken by Dr. (iilbert at ('larion
island. It is closely related to Iridio nirhohi, ditlering t^bietly in its red
color, u hn© which is rare in tho presoit genns. (w//«i, saddle ; fero, I bear. )

Ifalicharfg Helli/er, (In.aKUT, Troc. IT. S. Nut. Miis. 181tO, 67, Clarion Island (Coll. Alha
Ironu); JoKDAN, Kcvicw Jjiil>ri>l(l FIhIkh, 042.

1»UH. IKIUIO SKMICIiXTl S (AyitiH).

(KBLP-Ki.sn; SkSokita.)

Head 3^; depth 3^. D. IX, 12; A. 111,12; eyeTinhoad; snontS; scales
3-26-9. Body oblong, compi-essed, rather elevated at the nape; lips thick,
the lower with a frennin; teeth iu about 2 scries, 3 or 4 of the anterior in
each jaw canine-like; eye small; dorsal spines slender, low, and lloxible;
scales on breast small; scales before dorsal reduced in si/.e, extending
across the median line, and in 10 to 13 rows ; veutrals short, their rays not
filamentous; snout rather blunt. Dark greenish brown, with bright
reflections; head bronze green above, 3 or 4 narrow, horizontal, wavy blue

Ijii..

Jordan and live nnann. — l''ishi'$ of North Anierha. l'»0.*J

ImiidH helitw the cyr, iilluniutiii^ willi ltroii/«t, ,luHt iilxivr iniilillfl of
liody, uloMu bi'liintl tho itcrtoriilN in th*> iiialt'N, Im n Hcep iii«li^o-liliii< croHN
buiul, wliiili iiearl.v iiicutH itH Irlluw iintltT tho lully; pt'itoralH ,vi>lli>w,
iippor «Ml|;t) of a\il Itlnck ; vnilnilH rrcaiii cnlur, rarli rtMicliiii^ l>ovoii«l thi>
poHturior utl^o of tin* \A\w noNH ))aii*l; otlitu' Huh with liori/oiital, wavy,
rtMldlHli Hti-flt'.kH; f«iiiali^ witlioiit bliiit liainl, Init with iiroKiihir iiik-lik'«
N|)otH on niinii*'OiiH s«mi]«h <hi (ho hark ami tali. 'rhtMuWorution in "oni-
parativoly phiin, but that of th«) iVnialo Ih notably <lit)Vrunl fruni that of
tliH nialu. 'I'hn HpcrinuMi (1i>h( ribi-tl Ih from San Dii'p). Nontli<>rn Califur-
nia, Hanta Itarbiira iNlands t«>('uri()H lHlun«l; rather t'ontnion in tho kelp
off Hht)r<. liun^rth abont a foot. {Meniichivtux, half-bauibtl. )

.liiliiitemiiinftuii, \\hkh. I'iim'. CiiI. Ac. Sil, IHMI. :i'.>, Cerroa Island; niiilf.

I'htiiiiltniiiiK iiimiii)iftii», iH'mu\:n, I'lxt.. i\ , 1(11, 1H<1'J; Stkindaimnku, Iclitli. Mi<llriinr, v,

ir>l, IH70; .IdllDAN \ (ill.llKIII, I'lDr. I'. S.Nat. MllH. IHSO, l.'i.'i : .InldiAN .V ( ill.llK.IIT,

H.viiiipHirt, 0(i:i, |hm:i; .Iukhan, Cat. I'MhIi. N. Am., DO, IHHri; .loitiiAN \ llruincx, I'rtH:.
(T. H. Nnt. MiiH. 1H86. IIU.
Iliilifhfvret neiiiiciitcluH, .loiinAN, Kovk'w T.iihriilil FImIioh, IICI, 180*1.

IIMM). li(ll»M» (JAItXOTI (('iivl<'i\ Viiloiuicinii'H).

Hi'ud Hi; dopth abont 3'J. I). IX, 11; A. HI, II; scaloH ;{-2»}-l». Kody
liithei' ulongato; ])rolilo not uteop; jioHteiior caninuH ruthor small; Ncalea
liefore dorsal largo, in 1 to (> rouH, not (ToNHiiig median linu; Hnoiit niod-
cratuly poiiitod; ventral tins with tht^ out«n' rayH prodncid, mor*' than
l\vit;t' i\ui lungth of the inner. Ilrad olive, shaded with brown; bri;iht
violet bine on the lower Juw; dark violet dots and HtrcakH behind and
.'tbove eye; Hhonldors deep yellow (dive; behind this a blit(;kiHh erouH
bund, behind which the back and bane of the dorsal is a rich maroon-
rriuiHon; body below this livhl luirplish, shaded with olive; npinons
dorsal «dive, with bine dots; soft dorsal bhiish, banded with bron/,e an<I
(Migod with dusky; candal bluish gr.-iy, with sharply detined narrow
bnm/.e bands; anul olive retldish, with streaks of crimson, violet, and
blue; pectorals light redtlisb, their ti]ts black; axil violet; ventrals pale;
.[ ditlnse dusky spot at upper base of caudal. Of this small species we
iiave but 2 specimens, eaidi about H inches long, from Havana. I'ooy
notes that this sjiccies varies mueli iu color markings. He regards his
Julia rnplus as a synonym of Ji(U>« ci'hc/hn. The types of .IuI'ih (jantoti
examined by us in Paris belong to the same species. West Indies;
recorded from ('uba, Martinique, and >St. Croix. (Named for M. Oaruot;
a collector at Martinique.)

.liiU»yamoti, CrviBK &. Vai.knciennes, Hist. Nut. PoLsh., xui, TOO. IftlU, Martinique.

.lulit einotus, Poev, Momorian, n, 211, pi. Ill, llg. 19, 1800. Havana.

■Iiilis ruptuSy PoEy, Meinorias, u, 212, pi. 13, tig. 20, 1800, Havana.

Cliwrojulit ru2>tu». Poky, Syn()i)Hi8, 3;U, 1808, Havana.

l'liit}/olug»u» rujttut, Coi'K, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1870, 464.

I'hityglomta gamoti, GI'ntheu, Cat., iv, 102, 1802 -, Jordan, Phm. U.S. Nat. Mn8. 1880,45;

JoKDAN & HuoHES, {. «., 1880, 01 ; JoBDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. lliis. 1880, 541 (note on typ«a

of Jului garnoti).
Ohatrojulis cincUis, I'OEY, Knnnioratio, 108, 187.').
llalichceres garnoti, Jordan, Review Labroid FIhIioh, 043,1800.
3030 23

■WT'

*W« 'fllf;*!^ JWj;_P,. ,»ll l|l|flJPI , Jl J,II JUIjf l^llf

E! ': <

ir«04 /iullctin 47, United States National Hfnscum.

3(NN). IKIDIO CYANOrEPHAIilTN (liloch).

Head ^', depth 3jl. D. IX, 12; A. Ill, 12; scuIjis 3-26-9. «o<ly ratlier
rubiiHt, profile riMbor steep, snout moderately pointed, the 4 to 6 rowH of
scales before dorsal fin not crosHing the median line; ventral (ins with the
outer rays produced, more than twice the length of the inner. Deep
oli^e green on head and back, the head bluer, then a broad lateral bund
of deep indigo extending from eye to tip of eaiidal, below this light cl)>ar
freeii, then a darker bluish green ; (dear blue on lower Jaw below and
clear greenish blue on lower part of cheek; lateral band becoming faint
on head; a dark streak along profile from snout to nape; adarkbluiHh
band upward and backward from eye to nape, rather conspicuous, nar-
rowed posteriorly.; dorsal ir.digo, edged with sky bhie; caudal green,
indigo in center, yellowish at tip; anal indigo, then dull orange, then
sky blue; ventrals green; i»eetorali. plain greenish, indigo above. The
Cuban species called intorimaaliH is not different from the Bra/ilian diini-
d'iatii8, the allegtMl differences in color being due to defects in descriptions.
A specimen bcdbre us from liahia hIiows the band fiom eye to nape very
distinctly. It is broader behind and edged with darker blue. We have
also examined a smaller specimen from St. Lucia. Hero described from 2
male specimens from Havana, each about 15 inches in length. West
Indies, south to lira/il, generally common, reaching a length of Id inches,
(wfareo^, blue; HSil>a\rf, head.)

Lahnig cyanoeej'haluii, Bi,och, Tchthyol., pi. 286, 1701, Muaeuin of Link, l«>calif.y uiikiiowii,

probalily Surinam. «

Julis dimidiatus, AoAssiz, in Spix, Piac. Bra8.,0G, pl.53, 1829, Brazil; CuviEit & Valex-

eiBNNES, Ilist. Nat. Poiss., xm, 407, 1839.
Julit inti-rnaxalit, Poey, Mcmoria8, i';421, 1860, Havana.
Jchthijcalhi* dimidiatus, Swainson, CiaHS. Fish., etc., 232, 1839; name only.
riatygloKma internaaaUs, (JCnther, Cat., iv, 164, 1862; Cope, Trans. Arn. Phil. Soc. 1870,

463.
Choe.rojulis intprnnfalis, PoEV, S, iiopHis, 334, 1808; I'OEY, Ennmoratio, 108, 1875.
riatygloMus dimidiatun, Jouuan, Proc. (J. .S.Nat. Mus. 1886, 45 j Jordan <fc HuouES, I.e.,

1886, 61.
Ualiehwres dimidiatus, Jokdan, Rovio«' Laliroid Fishes, 644, 1890.

8001. IRIUIU MAt'IIIill>l>.\A (Miilior &^ Troachel).

Head 3.^; depth abojit 3f. 1). IX, 11; A. Ill, 11; scales 2-28-9. Body
rather stout; caudal fin rounded or subtruncate, the outer rays not pro-
duced, shorter than the middle rays; scales bi^fore dorsal in 1 to 6 rows,
not crossing nie<liau line; snout modcrivtely pointed; ventral fin with th(^
outer riiy not produced, its length not more than ^ that of inner rays.
Side with a dark lateral band; eoinons dorsal with a conspicuous blue-
black spot between the fifth and sc^ventli spines; a dark band from snout
through eye to opercle, the lateral band on sid«! broader than eye and
pliiced a little above tht^ opercular band, the Lfteral band extending nearly
to tip of caudal; no second dark band below it; a faint dark spot under
last dors.il ray and one at base of pectoral above; 2 or 3 narrow bluish-
white stripes across cheek; body and fins in life with bright colors which
fade in alcohol. Here described from a small specimen taken at Port

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North A ncrica.

1595

Castries, St. Lucia. CloHcly ftllicd t«» TrUWo hirittatuH, luit niadily distiii-
i^uiHlicd by tho bliick dorsal spot and stouter foriii. Wt-st Indies, north
to Heuiifort, N. ('. (macula, spot; ^/tH/m, tin.)

.hilin maevUjnnna, MUllbr &. Tkosciiei., in S4-lioiiiliiir<;k, Hist. Jiiirlmdim, (!74, 1H48,

Barbados.
I't(iti/<ju>»»u» moculipinna, GUnthek, Cat., iv, 10r», 1862; Jokkan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 90,

1885; JoHDAN & llrdHES, Pro<'. U.S. Nat.Mim. 188fi,(52.
< 'liii'iojiiUn viaciilipiima, Poky, SyiiopxiH, 330, IHfiS.
Ilidichcereu inaetilijnnna, J oiiv an, lleview Labniiil I< JHiitm, "M, 1890.

■ 2»0*i. lUIIUO HIYITTaTIIS (llloch).

(SLIITKRV IHCK; 1)(IN<KI,UA.)

Head 3.J ; de]>tli 1. i>. IX, 11; A. Ill, 12; eye ♦! in Lead; snont nearly 3;
scales '2-27-H. Body vciy Hlender, compressed; bead small and pointed.
Caudal f\u rouud<>d or subtruncate, the outer rays not produced, sliorter
than tho middle rays; H<ales before dorsal in 4 to (> rows, not crossini; the
median line. Snout moderately point«'d. Ventral lins with the outer ray
not produced, its length not njore than A that of inner rays. Lower
]»haryngeals T-shaped, the anterior limb very short. '^Jeueral color brown-
ish; opercle Wi«,L a conspicuous black spot; a blue-blud; band from
snout through eye and across opercles to bast« of caudal, not extending on
the fin ; a narrower and fainter band from lower base of pectoral to above
anal, these bands growing fainter with age aiul sometimes disappearing,
the lower always wanting in the adult; no axillary spot; no distin<-t
Itands across cheek; fins mostly pale, with bright red and blue colors
in life, the young and those from deep-water often showing a black
spot at base o'^ caudal, and sometimes a dark spot near middle of dorsal,
with sometimes a larger one at the base of its last ray ; angles of caudal
blaek in adult. In life, greenish above, sid»'s shaded with purple, the
puri^lish color extending on the back, where it forms about 10 dark
bars. Young with a brownish lateral baud ar;l a reddish stripe above
it and below it. Many scales of posterior part of body each with a ver-
tical spot of deep greenish blue, these smallest and bluest on caudal pe-
duncle ; blue, red, and greenish shades extending downward and backward
from pectoriirl ; a red band from each eye, these meeting on the nape; eacV
bordering before with blue, behind confluent with a median reddish ver-
tebral stripe which extends to front of dorsal; snout largely red; frontal
region green; a red band through snout to edge of opercle edged by blue
below, then yellowish and again red; lower jaw with 2 orange-red bands,
its middle red in front, bluo behind ; throat reddish ; opercle with a violet
spot edged by green and orange ; beyond this a <-shaped violet mark
edged behind with yellow; dorsal bluish at base, then red, yellowish, red,
and pale; sometimes, but not always, a violet spot at base of its last ray;
caudal largely red, with oblique bluish and yellowish stripes, the corners
more or less bluish, darkest in the adult; anal like dorsal; ventrals red-
dish ; pectorals plain.

The young, types of I'latjiglossita Jionalia, are described as follows:
Head 3i; depth 4. D. IX, 11; A. Ill, 12; scales 1^-26-8. Hody rather

t

1

ii

l'W^^f>^'WfW'^^yWiFf''^IK!^m^

/^ ,

,:l

11

3

rf

li;*

i,||

|;'|

ii

ii

:'|i

159G Ihdiclin //, Unitid States National Museum.

slender, iiiu<l«>rutoly rouipn>H8tMl ; Hiioiit nut very sliurp, \\\ in bond. Ky«
iiiodcrato, 5 in houd. I'osteiior cuninoH anK«.ll. Dorsnl spines rtithoi' low,
stiflf ai'd jMinji^ent, lower tlinn soft rnys; t-tuidal tniiM'utu, If in hi>ud;
pet-tornl \\ in head. S<'!ilo8 on breast small ; head naked. Coloration in
life, gronnd cidor olive brown; a r-ither dull olive-grrenHtripefroni altovc
snout alon^ rtideH of baek to tail, midway brtwc^en lateral lin<^ and dorsal ;
a brownish area alon^ lateral line; below this u <liHtinet dark-brown
band from ^ill opening to middle of eandal on level of (>ye, and about as
broad us eye, ending in a HmuU dark spot at base ol eandal; below thJH
another light-brownisb ar4>a bounded by a dark-bron/e stripe on level of
pectoral, the Iwlly abruptly pale; «'aeh scale of Hid«> wilh a narrow cres-
cent of deep griHuniHli blue towards its base; these spots very distinct,
es))ecially ant<!riorly, giving the whole (ish a bluish cast; sides of head
pale orange; a bright blue wavy streak along preor])ita], suborbital, an<l
opercle, tuining abruptly downward on the Kubopercle; a faint blue
streak behind eye; opercle with a deej) imligo-block spot bordered by
lilnish and yellow; tipof opercl'\vellow; the cohu- boun<led by n <-shaped
blut^ line; lower jaw with 2 c dss stripes of coppery «>range, the inter-
spaces white, the tip reddish; r small Jet-black spot at bas«t of last ray of
s(»ft dorsal; dorsal fin light ch'/rry red, with a row of translucent spots at
base; a narrow translucent ni(;diau band, the tips translucent; caudal
translucent, tinged with red towar<I the base; anal with a row^ of pearl,>
spots, and a cherry-red band, then a narrow pearly band, then a light-
yellow band, then a light-red band, the tips translucent; pectorals yel-
lowish; ventrals Avbite; iris scarlet. This species rea<-hes a snniller size
thon any other of our rcjjresentatives of the genus. It is also by far the
nu)st common in the waters of Florida and Cuba, and its range extends
considtTably farther north than any of the others. The variations due to
age and to <'hara«'ter of bottom are v«^ry considerable, having caused the
establishment (»f several nonuual species. In the description abo\e
quoted by Professors .Jordan and (lilbert of specimens from Charleston,
Pensacida, and Key West, these variations have been suflieit3ntly indi-
cated. Our Cuban specimens (from coral sand) are much paler in color
than those farther north. The dark markings, however, remain similar.
In (dd examples the dark lateral bands fade, sometimes becoming more or
less broken; the corners of the caudal becttme dark, and there is usually
a dark spot at bast! of last dorsal ray. Deeper water examples are quite
]»aie or red Avith distinct longitudinal stripes, and the spot at base of caii-
dsil and at base of last doi'sal rsty distinct. Length 6 inches. West Indies,
north to C^harleston and Beaufort, North Carolina, south to Brazil ; excess-
ively abundant along rocky or weedy shores and reefs, commonly tak"n
with h(K)k and line by boys, (biviftatus, two-banded).

Uparui radiatus, Linn^kus, Syst. Kat., Ed. xil, 472, 1706, Carolina; based on a Hpecinicu
from Charleaton, sent )»y Dr. Garden; not Labrus radiatus L., E<1. x.

LaJbrus bivittatus, Bloch, Ichtk., pi. 284, tig. 1, 17U2, from a painting by Pliimier, made at
Martinique.

Labrv4psitlacnlus,'LActPV.DK,lliat.Na,t.Foitia.,iu,522,lS00, Martinique; from a copy of
Pluhibr's painting.

Julis humeralis, Poey, Memorias, ii, 212, 1860, Havana ; adult.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Ametica. 1597

dhfurojuli* granditquamU, (jiix, Proc. Ar. Nut. Sti. Pliila. 1803, 200, Beaufort, N. C;

adults, thu color faint.
Chcerojalis arangui, 1'oky, Enumcratio, 109. 1875, Havana; yoiini;, brightly <:olore«l.
I'latygloKiu§ jloreaUa,JonUAN & (ilLiiEHT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mui». 1882, 287, Pensacola-

young, brightly oolored. (Typo, No. ;10839. Coll. Dr. Jordan.)
Jtilin psittaetUu$, Ct;viKK c!t Valknciennes, Hint. Nat. PoImh., xiii, .'IS?, 1830.
I'latjiglotiitut ttieiltatut, OCnthek, Cat., iv, 104, 1802; Stki.ndachnku, Iclilli. Noti^., vi, 49,

1867; Uoi'E, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1870, 403; JoitUAN, Proc. U.S.Nat. Muh. 1884,136;

Bean & Ukkskl, Pro<!. W S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 153; Johdan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 1)8, 1885;

JoHDAN, Proc. V. S. Nat. Muh. 1880, 46; JnituAN, Pro*;. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 540 (note on

types of JuUm ptittaciiluit, CuviEii c&. Vai.knciemnks).
riatt/glotniM hwneralis, CiDnther, (^at., iv, 165. 1862; Jordan & (Iiliiekt, SynopsiH 603
Ohcerojulis btui7/a/uA, PuBY, SynopsiH, 3.35, 1808.
Ohaervjulia htimeralU, PoEY, Synopsin, 335, 1868; OooDB & Bean, Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus.

1879, 338.
Platygloitiis radiattu, Jordan &, (i ilrkbt, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1882, 6()8.
Platpglouus (iran<lit<iuaiii in, A oHXtxs &. Uiliiert, Syuojmis, 603, 1883.
Ilalichatret biviUahin, Jordan, Review Lubroi«l Fishes, 645, 1890.

2008. IRIDIC PIKPILl'S ((iiinthcr).

Heart 3J; rtopth 3 J. D. IX, 11; A. Ill, 12; 8<'al«-8 2-28-9. Caiulal fin
rtoiible coii('iiv«', th«; iiiRrtiiin portion <-omvcx, tho outt^r rays more or less
prortiic<;«l in tliu artult (the tin ronnrtcil in tin* young); scal«'8 bcfon^ rtorsai
in 6 or 7 rows, not crossing tlie nuMlian line; v<>ntral8 with tin* ouU'v ray
littlo prortucert, not rea<;bing nearly to tips of pectorals; body rath<>r
stout; profile stei'p; snout moderately pointed. Color in sjnritH, olive,
blue spots on tbe. seales posteriorly, whitish spots anteriorly; around
blue-black spot on lateral line below fourth and lifth dorsal Hpin<>8, the
spot larger than eye; no spot behin<l eye (in the adult); 4 or .5 pale-blue
wavy lines on sid*! of bead, the lower broadest; a pale-yellowish area
behind pectoral with hori/ontal blue 8tr«;aks; no axillary spot; <lorsal
and anal each with a brown longitudinal stripe; caudal (in m.-ib') black-
ish niesially, with blue streaks; a white stripe abmg ea«h outer ray.
I'aciiie coast of tropical America; Mazatlan to Panama. A beautiful
little iisb, abundant in the branches of the Astillero at Ma/.atlan. Unlike
ni«»st spi'cics of the group, it lives on the muddy bottcnis, and is abundant
about the roots of tins mangrove, which border the muddy branches of the
Astillero. Here describeil from a specimen from Panama, agre(ang fairly
with Dr. Giinther's description.

The following a<-count is taken from Mazatlan specimens, «vbich ditVer
somewhat in cob»r: Head 3^; depth 4. D. IX, 11; A. Ill, 12; eye 6 in
head; snout 3i^; maxillary 4^; pectoral IJ; anal 3; caudal fin 2. liody
sb-ndt^r and compressed ; dorsal and ventral outlines similar; lu^id pointed,
the profile slightly convex ; mouth small, the jaws e(iual ; teeth in a single
row; canines j in front of .jaws; at the posterior end.of the premaxillary
is a single strong, sharp tooth, pointing forward, and entirely below the
angb^ of the mouth, x^atcral line high, following the curve of the back
to the eighth dorsal ray, where it curvvs sharply down throjigh 2 rows of
scales, and then runs straight through middle of caudal peduncle to tail;
pores of lateral line simple; scales large, 2-27-10; head entirely naked;
gill rakers very small and pointed, 6-|-7. Dorsal spines slender but pun-
gent; caudal slightly rounded, the upper angle slightly acute; ventrals

H

mm

1598 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Hliort, not iUiiinentons ; grains befon^ dorsal in about fi rows, not covorin;,'
niiddli; linr. Color in lite, olive green; n liright-lduo Htreak, narrow ami
Boniowbat interrupted, from eye to base of caudal; a broader dark-bronxit
Htreak just below it, containing a surics of small dark spots, nioKtIv
arrangc<l in tbrees, the last one darkest, at base of caudal. Just abovr
middle lino, tliese all obsolete in adult; below the Itnm/e band, a faini
blue streak, then a broad Itrown one, then a short one; bright sky bliKt
bounding the belly, ending over middle of anal; belly and throat pearly
white; head cherry red and bronze anteriorly, becoming olive behind,
mottled with blue; a dark blue-edged spot behind eye; a largo black Hpot
smaller than eye below fifth dorsal spine, this spot crescent-Hhaped, ])or-
dered with yellow behind, mostly on 1 scale; a golden crescent at base
of pectoral; dorsal bright orange, bluish below; caudal cherry red; aiinl
bright orange ; no spots on tins; iris red. Larger individuals det^per in
color, the head cherry red, a dark spot bordered with blue behind eye;
pectoral not black. In alcoholic specimens pearly streaks appear on sides
of head and behind pectoral. (5/?, two; dTtiXoi, spot.)

Platyijlotsus ditpilus, GUnther, Proc. Zool. Koc. London 1864, 25, Panama ; GOnthbr, FiHli.
Cent. Am., 447, 1809; Jordan & Gii.ukrt, Hull. U. S. Fish Coiiiin. 1882, 108; .Tordan,
Cat. Fish. N. Am., 99, 1885 j Jordan & IIuohes, Proc. U. S. Nut. Muh. 1886, 64.

Halichoeres ditpilus, Jordan, Iloview Lnbroid Fiahcs, 046, 1890; JORDAN, Fislien «r
Sinaloa, in Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 481, pi. 45.

2004. IRIDIO KlRSCilll, Jordan & Evermann, now Bpecias.

Head 3]f; depth 3| to 4. D. IX, 11; A. Ill, 12; scales 2-28-10; snout
2if in head measured along the axis; eye If in snout; pectoral shortitli.
If in head. Body rather elongate, but deeper than in I. caudaUa, the
snout less acute; veutrals with the outer rays scarcely tilamentous, about
reaching tips of pectorals. Tubes of pores of lateral line distinctly
branched, the brandies usually 3 in number; body moderately slender, the
depth a little less than length of head, snout not very sharp, the anterior
lirotile of head steep and slightly convex. Color in spirits, olivaceous,
with traces of 3 darker cross bands with pale interspaces and some traces
of blue spots on scales; dark-blue spot behind eye large, with a distinct
golden spot above it, very distinct in 2 specimens, obsolete in a larger
one ; a blue streak before eye ; a round black inky spot at base of last ray
of dorsal; tins all pale in spirits, the anal edged with bluish; a bluisli
cross bar on base of pectoral. Length about a foot. West Indies, south
toBahia; recorded from Cuba, Jamaica, Bahia, ami St. Croix. Of this
species we have examined the specimens called JuJis crotaphus hy Valen-
ciennes, and 3 specimens taken by the Alhatroaa at Bahia, the latter speci-
mens (No. 43303, U. S. N. M.) being types of the present description.
(Named for Dr. Philip H. Kirsch, fish commissioner of Indiana, iu recog-
nition of his work on American fishes.)

JuKii crotaphiu, Cuvier & Yalencucnnes, Uint. Nat. Poiss., xui, 395, tab. 395, 1839, Bahia
not of Ci'ViER, who based the Hpecies wholly on I'arra's Doneella, Iridio radiatug.

Plutyglossu* crotaphus, GUnther, Cat., iv, 163, 1802, Coi-E, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1870,
463.

ChoerojuUs crotaphus. Poet, Enumcratio, 109, 1875.

Ualichmres poeyi, Jordan, lleview Labroid Fisiics, 646, 1890; not of Steindachner.

Iridio kiriehii, Jordan & Evbrhann, Check-List Fishes, 413, 1896, Bahia; name only.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1599

imtu IKIUIO i'OKVI (SluiiHlachiior).

Head 3i; depth 3|J. J). IX, 11; A. Ill, 12; scales 2-28-10; .<yo siimll,
6^ in head including the opercular liap; snout slender, nearly H times
(liiinietor of eye; tubes of lateral line not described, perhaps as in Iridio
kirHchii. Lower half of body violet red, the upper reddish brown; each
scale above with a deep-blue spot; a clear blue band downward and back-
ward from the dark postorbital spot; a second from corner of mouth;
a blue crescent on base of pectoral which widens into a blue axillary spot;
caudal greenish with couvergont streaks of yellow, edged with violet.
Hurinam (Steindachnor); not seen by us; evidently close to friUio ktrxchii,
but the eye apparently smaller, the color different. (Named for Prof.
Felipe Poey.) ;

I'latyglosDiiH poeyi, Steindachner, Iclit h. Kotizuii, Vi, 49, 1807, Surinam.

2006. IllIDIO CAIIDALIS (Poey).

Head about 3^; depth 4^ with caudal, 3^ without; eye 6 in head, 2 in
snout; caudal rounded medially, concave toward its points, the u])per lobe
longer than lower; tubes of lateral line not described. Color olive green
above, sky blr*^ below; an olive spot surrounded by clear green on each
scale ; passage from sides to belly made insensibly by a yellow band ; body
becoming paler toward the tail; head with blue streaks, whi<-h extend
on throat and base of pectorals, a green spot edged with dark blue behind
eye, 2 series of round spots of cobalt blue, from caudal toward middle
of trunk, where they disappear; blue on rays of caudal; dorsal and anal
briglit rose, crossed by 2 blue streaks, formed by series of blue points
on dorsal, which has also a blue streak on its front; ventrals rosy ; pectorals
washed with blue ; iris vermilion, with yellow. Length 160 mm. Cuba.
(Poey); not seen by us; possibly the female of Iridio i)ictii8, but probably
a distinct species, (caudalia, from the form of the caudal.)

Julis caudalix, Poet, Metnoriiis, ii, 213, 18B0, Havana.
PlalyijloMug eaudals, G(5ntjikk, Cat., iv, 166, 1862.

2007. IRIDIO PICTUS (Poey).

Head 3J; depth U. D. IX, 11 ; A. Ill, 12; scales 2-28-10. Tubes of pores
of lateral line all simple or very nearly so, not trifid; body very slender,
the depth less than length of head; snout very sharp; the anterior profile
of head straightish and not steep; snout 2^ in head; eye 2 in snout; pec-
toral moder.ite, Ijf in head. Color in spirits, pale, unmarked, except for
the small black spot behind eye; in life, olivaceous; a row of round sky-
blue spots along each side of back; a broad band-like area of orange
mingled with violet spots along sides backward from head to middle of
body, the lower edge of this band serrate ; below this a pale violet baud,
darker behind; still lower a yellow stripe; head olivaceous, marked wivh
blue; preorbital scarlet, with 3 violet stripes; opercles bright red, with
3 violet stripes, the postocular black spot in the uppermost; dorsal and

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ICOO Bulletin 47, United States National Afuseum.

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anal oraii^u itiul yullovr, with blue Hpotu; oaiulttl with ronvei-K»nt bands
of orange lorining roticulatiouH iironud blue Hpota.
Another Hpccinien is deHcribed aH follows :

Head ajt; depth U. 1). IX, 11; A. Ill, lli; scales 2-25-0. Body very
slender, conipressc«l, the snout rather pointed, :>^ in head; eye inoderatc,
5^ in head. Posterior canine large. Dorsal spines low, rather slender,
but pungent, lower than the soft rays; caudal \\\\ «-onvex, its 2 outer-
most rays somewhat produced; pectoral Ijj in length of head; scales on
breast small; head nuked. Color, when fresh, olivaceous above; a row oi
round sky-blue spots along each side of back; a broad band-like area ol
orange intermingled with violet spots along sides from lateral line about
to level of eye, (extending backwai-d about to middle of body, the lower
edge of the orange band serrate; below the orange a band pale violet,
becoming posteriorly deep violet; still lower on level of lower edge of
pectoral a deep yellow band about as wide as a scale, growing narrower
and fainter behind; belly pearly; head above olivaceous, marked witli
blue; preorbital and suborbital region scarlet, with 3 violet-blue stripes,
these margined with cherry red; cheeks below lowest violet stripe
translucent yellowish; opercles bright red, with about 3 obli(|ue violet
stripes, the upper forming an obli(]ue blotch behind eye, in the middle of
which is a round black ink-like spot ; no dark opercular spol^; chin ])early ;
iris red; dorsal light orange, the soft part with 3 rows of violet spots;
caudal orange, with 4 rows of spots, the orange arranged in 1 longitudinal,
2 marginal, and 2 convergent orange bands, which are connected by reticu-
lations around blue spots; anal with a basal orange spot on each mem-
brane, then a blue spot, then a broad yellow band, then a narrow blue
band, and a terminal band of or<ange ; ventrals light red ; pectorals pale
violet, yellow at base, a bluish oblique band below them; blue spots of
head and posterior parts clear, sky blue ; elsewhere of a violet shade and
less bright.
West Indies, north to the Snapper Hanks, off Pensacola.
This species is known to us from a number of specimens, all taken frftm
stomachs of Groupers and Snappers on the SnajtpiT Banks, between Pen-
sacola and Tampa. We identify our spe<'imens with the pictus of Poe.y,
altlioagh while agreeing in the coloration of the head and in the form of
the tail, they differ in some details. In pictiiH, according to Poey. the body
is more slender, the depth 5^ in total length, tlie eye 2 diameters from the
coi-ner of the mouth. Color blue above; in front of middle of body the
sides blood red, darker on the head; behind the middle the body is olive
green; blue bands on the head ; scales each with a bluish crescent; caudal
with 3 orange bands which converge behind; dorsal and anal orange, the
latter with 2 blue lines. It is probable, however, thsitJulin pictiia is iden-
tical with our specimens, an<l perhaps caudalis is the female of the same,
lacking the red shades on anterior half of body, {pictuft, i)ainted.)

Julis pietug, Poet, Memorina, ii, 214, 1861, Havana.

riattiglosiua pictut, (iCintheu, Cat., iv, 166, 1862.

Platyglosmx caudalis, Jordan & Gn.nEKT, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 286; Jordan, I. c, 1884,

37 ; Jordan &. Hcohes, I. c, 1886, 64 ; not of Poky.
JIalichoeres caudaU*, Jordan, Keview Labroid Finbea, 647, 1890; probably not of Poey.

Jordan and Jivcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1601
636. OXYJULIS, Gill.

(HK^ORirAH.)

DriijulU, Oll.L, Proc. Ac. Kiit. Sci. I'liila. IH03, SM {inoiletitun).

Body very Hlendor; the nnout sliarp; «-aiiine8 small, 2 aliove, t below;
jiotttorior canine Hiiiall, or represented by n Hlight rudiment. DorHal Hpinen
\«ry slender and flexible, not all pnnj^ent, this character distinKiiisbing the
i,ri>i)UH from Julidio. One specieH, ranginK farther northward than any other
lit' t\io JnHdiiiw. (oCt);, sharp; Julia.)

200H. OXYJIII.IS rALIKOIlXUrS (r.iiiitlier).
(SbSokita.)

Head 4; depth IL D. IX, 13; A. Ill, 1.3; scales 28. Body very slender,
strongly comprrssed ; the bead slender, with sharp snout; snout 3 in head;
I've 5; anterior canines small, |, the upper larger and divergent; posterior
caiiine extremely weak or wanting, rarely present on both sides; scales
l>ofore dorsal much reduced, in 10 or 12 rows, those on breast considerably
smaller than those on sides; dorsal spines slender and flexible, not at all
pungent ; caudal truncate ; voutrals short, the first ray not twice the length
1)1" the inner ray. Color olive l)rown; centers of scales orange brown;
bflly cream color ; sides of head with alternate streaks of brown and
liluish ; a large inky blue-black blotch at base of caudal, covering j^ of fin ;
membrane of base of spinous dorsal largely indigo blue; fins otherwise
pale ; lower pharyngeals essentially as in Tridio, the large teeth more acute.
Length 7 inches. Coast of southern California; common about rocks and
kelp from Monterey to Guadalupe Island ; one specimen taken at Sausalito,
San Francisco Bay. A pretty little fish, common in the kelp and among
locks.

Jiilit modettui, Girabd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila., vii, 18.')4, 1.'>1, San Diego, Monterey, San
Miguel; Gikakd, U. S. Pac. R. R. Snr.. Fish., 163, 1858; Gux, Prou. Ac. Kat. S<'i. Pliila.
1S62, 142; not Julis modeiitus, Rlebker.

Ifalichairet ealifornieui, GUnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.S, Vol. viii, 1801, 380, name,
only; substitute for Julis modettug, preoccu))ied.

I'neudojulis modestua, GOnthek, Cat., IV, 108, 1802; Jordan & Gim'.ert, Proc. U. .S.Nat.
Mas. 1880, 455; Jordan \-. Giliiekt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu». 1881, 10; Jordan & Gii.hert,
Proc.U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1881, 225 ; JoRUAN &. Giuiert, Synopsis, 004, 1883; .Jordan, Cut.
Fish. N. A., 99, 1885.

OxyjuUs modestus, GiLl., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. P'.iila. 1863, 331.

Oryjulit cali/arniaut.JoRiiAN & HUdllES, Proc. U S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 65.

I'Heudojulis cali/ofnieus, Jordan, Review Labroid Fishes, 650, 1890.

637. EMMEEKIA, Jordan & Evennr.nn.

Kmmeekia, Jordan & Evkrmann, Chock-List, 413, 1896 {venustua),

*

This genus differs from PsendojitUa only in the presence of 4 canines in
front of each jaw instead of 2; posterior canine wanting or represented
by a slight rudiment; dorsal spines slender, but somewhat pungent.

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Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

(Niiiiied for ])r. 80th Kii^nne Meek,* 'laniBtant cnrutor of /nnlog.v in the
Field Coluiiiliian MuHttuin, Cliicii^o, in recognition of his work on Ann ri
can lisheH.)

i!009. KNNKKKIA VRNIISTA (.IniikiiiH A Kveinianii),

Head 3i^; depth :U ; eye 5 in lioiid. I>. IX, 11; A. Ill, 11; scales 3-L'7 s.
Itody rather slender and cotnprcsHt^d, its depth less than length of head ;
protile ahove eye nearly straight; head long and sh^nder; suontlong; t^yu
small; caudal snbtriincata; ventral Hhort, its onter ray n«tt produced, iidt
reaching to tips of pectorals; posterior canine very weak or wantin;;,
rarely jtresent on both sides; scales before dorsal small, in 10 or 12 seritH;
scales on breast small; canines slender, }. C«>lor creamy orange, th*^ hark
darker; many of the scales of back and upper part of sides each witli a
vertically oblong dark-brown spot; one of these at u]»per part of base of
caudal more distinct than the others ; a narrow dark bar across base of ])oi;-
toral; a horizontal dusky streak thntugh eye and snout; tins plain, pale;
male with a vertical blue-black bar behind pecttorals, mu<-h as in IrUUn
aemicinctiis. Qulf of California; rather common. Length 6 inches. A
pretty little fish, known to us from numerous specimens ctdlected at
(•uaymas by .lenkins & Kvermanu, and also from specimens taken in tlic
(iulf of California by Dr. Gilbert. (renuHtiia, pnstty; from Venus.)

PieudojulU veniutui, .Iknkins &, Evkkmann, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mas. 1888, 145, Guaymas
(Typi), No. 396;il. Coll. JttnkiiiH & Evt^rinanu) ; Jordan, Kevi«!W Labroid Fishen, (ir.t.
1890; EVBBMANN & .IKNKINS, Vrw. U, 8. Nat. MiiB. 1801, 100, pi. 2, flg. 5.

638. JULIDIO, J«»rdan & Evermann.

./^((Kdto, .TORUAN &. KVRRMANN, Chcck-Liat, 413, 180C (adustns).

This genus agrees with Iridio in all respects except that the posterior
canine is whidly wanting. Body robust; snout pointed; scales b<!lbre dor-
sal large. Canines f; dorsal spines pungent. Caudal rounded. SpccieH
American. (From Julis, iovXii, a classical name of related species, from
iov, violet.)

a. Depth 2^ ; bead 3 ; ventrals rather long, reaching nearly to vent; the inner rays i; in

tlie outer; scales 2-27-8. Color brown, darker at bases of scales; pectorals piilo;

other flus black; soft dorsal, auul, and caudal with white margins, broadest sit

tip of caudal ; sometimes pale wavy lines on head. a dustits, 2010.

aa. Depth 3J ; head 3} ; ventrals short, the outer ray not nearly twice inner ; scales 2-2'>-%.

Color olive; young with a silvery lateral streak; back with 4 or 5 indistinct,

broad dark cross bands, these forming blotches on the dorsal fln, one of these

on the first 3 soft rays largest and (jnite black; angles of caudal palo; veiitrnls

whitish, with a broad black outer margin. N0T08PU,US, 2011 .

8010. JULIDIO ADUSTU8 (Gilbert).

Head 3* ; depth 2f (3i with caudal), 3 in young ; snout 3 ; ey6 2^ in snout.
D. IX, 11; A. Ill, 12; scales 27. Caudal peduncle If in length of hoiid.
Four strong canines in lower jaw, 2 in the upper, directed very obliquely

* The natural derivative from "Meek" is preoccupied in Falffiontology.

Jordan and Fvcrmann. — Fishes of North Anierica, 1003

lorwnrd. Hcal«'ii not rotitintird ov«'r iikmUiiii Vww of impe, 7 or H in front
of dorflul; 7 or 8 8t>ri«>H of HnilrH on l>r«>iiHt. No scnly nlinitliH ut l)aB«) of
ilorHiil or iinal; tnboH of liitcrul lin<i miirh l)riinrh<>«l, sonio of tlii'Ut occa-
<.i(>ually Hiinple. ('audal rnnntletl, tlir outer rayn not at all prodnrrd, 1)
III lirad; ventralH rathi>r long, roa(^hin>( noarly to v«-nt, tlix inner rays IJ
ill tln^ outer; poctoralHlf in liond; dorsal H|)in<-8 pungent. Color inspirits,
I'Vt'rywht'ro warm Itrown, darker on the Itasus of the Hcules; puctoralH
lighter; other iluH black, tho Hoft dorHal, nnal, and caudal, with a narrow
white margin broader at tips of outer <-uudal ruyH. In one Hpreinien there
iire traeeH of wavy lines on head, perhaps Iduo in life. Revillagigedo
Islands ; B Hpoeimeus from Socorro Islaud, the lougeHti) inches long, {adualua,
liiown or Hcon'hed.)

l\<ieudojuli$ adiittiin, (lU.nicuT, Troc. ir. S. Nnt. Mua. l^tM), (M), Socorro Island. (Typo,
No. 44275. Ci>\\. Albatrom.)

'iOll. Jl'I.iniO NOTONPILVN ((iihitlier).

Hoad 3i; depth 3*. D. IX, 11; A III, 11; oyoH 6 in head; snout 3t ;
flcales 2-25-8. liody rather stout; snout pointed; profile not steep ; dorsal
Hpines pungent; first anal spine very slender, hardly distinguishable;
c-audal iin rounded; ventral fins with the out«*r ray not produced, its
length not nearly twice that of the inner rays, its tip not reaching to tip
of pectoral; scales before dorsal in about 6 aeries. Coloration of adult,
Uhw green; bar across base of pectoral very bi-ight; no dark spot behiml
I'jo; corners and tip of caudal pale, as in young; cuich scale of posterior
part of body with a small sky-blue spot at tip; edges of scahts bluish, the
base olivaceous; axil blue, golden behind; breast and throat pale-salmon
color, with bluish streaks and shades ; cheek yellowish ; snout bine. Young
with blue spots more distinct, especially 1 behind eye. Adult with 4
(lark shades on back extending on dorsal, the largest at front of soft dor-
sal; blackish spot diffuse, not ocellated; caudal with faint bluish cross
Ktr<;aks on faint bronze ground color, the angles broadly whitish; anal
bronze with 3 bluish streaks, tip pale; ventrals dusky edged. Young
colored like adult, but brighter, a paler olive streak from mouth across
opercle above pectoral to base of caudal, this obsolete in adult ; dorsal
unlike that of adult; lirst dorsal bronze with bluish cross streaks, the
large black blotch ocelloted with blue and with a patch of bright yellow
before and behind it, interspaces between this and the two other smaller
black spots bright ycliow also; Iduo spots in yonng more distinct, espe-
cially 1 behind eye, which disappears with age. Length 6 inches. Pacific
Coast of Mexico ; Mazatlan to Panama ; generally common in rock-pools,
especially about Mazutlau, whore our specimens were taken, (v&ro?,
back; dnlXo?, spot.) "

Pteudojulit notoapUui, GUnthbr, Froc. Zool. See. London 1864, 20, Panama ; GCnthbr,
Fish. Cent. Am., 447, 1869; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 384; Jordan, Cat. Fiah.
N. Am. 1885,99; Jordan & Huohes, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mns. 1886,06; Jordan, Kcview
Labroid Fisbea, 649, 1890; Joboam, Fishes of Sinaloa, in Froo. Cal. Ao. Sci. 1895, 480.

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1004 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

63g. PSEUDOJULIS, Itlnektr.

l'»eutl<iJtiU», Iti.KKKKH, TriN'. /iKil. SiH. Loiiiliiii \Hn\,iyi (niinrdi).

Body <'loii)(at«>, coinpn-HHntl, fctvunMl with lnrgi> acaloa; Inti^ral line rmi.
tinnoiiH; ourU Jaw with 2 ntroun niiiiiiuH in front, HOtl with no triMr „(
posterior cimint'N; doiHiil with !) pnngent Hpincs; iinal witli 3 Hpiii«>H,
(ifueral charnctcr of UaUcharv», fVoni wliich fronus PieudojuUn ililiVrM in
the liltHonce of poHterior oiininoH, and in having 3 anal HpinoH. Kpiciis
of flniall iiix4> fonnd ahont ronky iHhindH of the Pacillc; t\w typ<>, Ph'k^Ii,-
juliH girartli, is an KaHt Iu«lian Hp«>i-i(>H. {tfifvSt'f?, falHo; Julh.)

(I. ItopHal HpineH Hlnnilor anil llrxiblo, linily very Hlonder, llio <li*|»tli !> in leii(;tli: tint

littatl'ijl: caiitlal tniiiciittt; pcctoralii and vuntralH very Mliort ; Hoali'M not nun in.

1I0IIH ot'roHH iiiedinn lino of tm\u\ 0 Horiit* in front of doranl. C«>lor Hourly

iinil'orniolivuceoiiM; a fiilnt tlarlc atreali I'orwanl from eye; n tiark H|H>t on iik h

avalo along tliu base of dorHal; iiritloN along Iow<<r hnlf of HidoH edged with ]iiili';

Hlitnoim dorHal diiHky; u Mmall black Hpot at base of Hfth ray and 1 at biiHii nf

luMt ray; (Init othorwlso plain traniliicent. inornatub, 'ivil:.

aa. DorHol aplnt'S slender, but pungent, Itody rather Hlendor, the depth 4 in h'nutli;

head 3; caudal rounded; pectorals and ventrala Hhort; sculeH not contiiiiiinH

across median lino of nape; 8 series before dorsal. Cohtr olivaceous; the Inn k

and sides above with 7 broad dusky cross burs, the pale interspaces less tiini)

i their width, these bars not continued on the dorsal tin; a streak forward I'mih

eye, another backward; opercular flap with a.|ut-black spot, which lias a lirnaii

pale margin; a round black spot at base of caudal above the median ravx: a

dusky simt on each side altovo vent, in front of which are 2 abort silvery ]iiiral

lei lines down and forward, with traces of 4 others: a small Jet-black H|iiit

between Urst and second dorsal spines; fins otherwise plain translucent.

MKLANOTIS. 201 :i.

8012. P8EVD0JUL1H INORXATUN, Gilbert.

Head 2| (3^ in total) ; depth 5 (5J in total length). D. IX, 12; A. Ill, \'2 ;
Hcalt^H li-27-10. JJody vory slender; depth of caudal pednnclo 11^; snout
3[ iu hoad; maxillary A^, equaling dianiuter of orbit, which in Ijj in hiioiiI,
and (equals interorbital width. Two (^auines only in front of each Jaw ;
no posterior faniiu^H. Distani^e from front of dorHal to occipnt eqnaliii};
diHtance from latter to front of ttye. Dorunl spincH Blender and ticxiltic,
longest soft ray 2'i in head ; caudal trnncate, the outer rays not produced, 1 'f
in head; pectorals and ventrals very uhort, the outer ray of the latter not
at all produced ; pi^ctorals 2 iu head ; ventralH 2% not nearly reaching vent.
Scales not continuous aerosH median line of nape, 6 serit^s in front of dorsal ;
scales ou breast much reduced; 10 oblique series in front of ventrals; l.s
scales along dorsal portion of lateral line; no scaly sheaths along tlic
bases of tins. Ccdor in spirits, nearly uniform olivaceon.s; a faint <lnri<
streak forward from eye to end of maxillary ; a dark spot on each scale
along base of dorsal, forming a faint dark streak ; scales along lower hall'
of sides edged with whitish (proliably blue in life) ; spinous dorsal dusky,
a small black spot at base of fifth ray, another at base of last ray ; fins
otherwise translucent, unmarked; iiis bright silvery. This species is
known from a single specimen, 3^ inches long, dredged by the Alhatr<m
off the west coast of Mexico, s(mth of Cape San Lucas. (Gilbert.) (inor-
natua, not adorned.)

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1(M)5

/'«. tiilojiilU itMrnalim, (Iii.iikht I'rtM-. I'. H. Nut. Mim. IMIM), t)7, west coast of Mexico, at

Albatroaa Station a8i9, lut. 'J'J ' &'J' N., Ioiik. Km ' 0.'i' \V., in :il I'lttl im ('l'y|M', No.

44U73)i .luHUAN, Ui<vii<w Lnbroia i<'iHli«n,6r>0, IWMI.

li4M». FNKI'IMMri.lN MI>:i,A>OTIN, (!IIIh<H.

IIimmI :< (3) ill tottil hiiKtIi); <l<-ptli I (4:i in totnl IniKtli). I». IX, 12; A.
Ill, IL'; Hruli'H L'O. Itutly ruthrr HluiHlt-r; Hiiuiit :<!| in hnul; «',>•• Ij^, i-i|iiiil-
inu l«Mi);tli of iiiiixillaiy. Two iintrrior nitiiiii'H in nirli Jiiw; poHtnlor

I'iMlllD'H not <l«>V«'lopl'«l. UolHtll Hpilll'H ll«'\illlt<, llllt pllll){fll t, tilt' Hol't ni.VH

'2\ ill Ih'iiiI; niiiilul roniidfii, tlH> oiitur riiyn not at nil pioiliK-fil ; prrtoiiilH
iiiiil vciitriilH nliort, tli«^ tiutiM' vciitriil rnyn not proiliirt-il, not ri-uoliiiiK
vnit; )><*<'tortilH lj{ in 1i<>imI. Snil»Hiiot croHHin^ iiii'diiin liiir ol'iitipr, niiirh
II iIiu'imI on itH aiiti-rior portion, in H olilii|nf rows; hciiIi-h on lirt'itHt hiiiiiII,
ill !> i-own; noHcaly Hlwatlm to fliiH. ('oloi- in HpiritH, light olivacrouH; tli*>
liMck aii«l tipprr part of hIiIi-h with 7 liroii«l, tiiink.y <-roNM Imuh; the li^ht
iiit(<rH|iar«B h-HH than ^ tliuir width; th<>H«> barn ar«^ diBthict u\oufr doraal
oiitliiK', luitait^ nut uoiitiiiiu'd on tht< dorsal tin; tlit>y Im>roiiii> partly iiitrr-
rii|iti-d along dorsal portion of lateral lino anteriorly, to iH-conir iiioHt
|iiiiiniii«>iit along iniddlc of sldrM; tlir first bar iu on tlir nape, tlir m-coiid
iiiidcr anterior dorsal Hpini^s; a dusky strrak from eyo forward to Hiioiit,
iiiiil another backward toward opt'rnilar aiigh'; operuiilar flap with a
jrtltlack spot, widely margined pcmteriorly with wliito; a round blank
H|iot at baHe of caudal, above the median rays; a dusky spot on eaeh side
iiliove veni, in front of which are 2 short parallel silvery lines running
olili(|U<dy downward and forward; faint traces of about 4 other silvery
liiii'H in front of these and running paraUel with them; a Hinall Jet blaek
spot on membrane between tirst and second dorsal spines; lins otherwise
tniusliiciMit, unmarked. (inU of C'lilifornia. Known from 1 example 2}
iiieheslong, dredged by the Albatross. (Gilbert.) (//eArrs, bloek; ov?, ear.)

I'mKhjuliH iMlanotiK, OlLBKKT, I'rw. V. S. Nftt. Muh. 1890, 67, Quif of California, at
Albatross Station tSty Int. 24° 22' 15" N., long. 110^ 111' 1.1" W., in 7 fiithonis (Ty|n',
Hi). 44274); Jordan, Kevicw Labroiil FlHhcH, 650,1890.

640. CHLORICHTHYS, Swainsou.

Clilorirhthus, Swainhon, Nat. Hist. CIhsh. FIhIiuh, ii, 232, 1830 {hi/afciatuii, etc.;.
I'hlnriehthys, ,Tordan, Review Labroid Fiolies, 051, 1800 (reHtrictud to l»/agciahni, etc.).

IJody oblonir or elongate, iuod«M'ately compressed, covered with larg«»
Hi'iilos; lateral line continuous; a slight sheath of seales along base of dor-
fliil; no posterior canine; anterior canines ^; dorsal spines always K,
usually slender; anul spines 3, the third slender, like a soft ray. Head
uiikod; lower pharyngeals essentially as in Halichares and Irid'to. Species
all American, so far as known, distinguished from the very closely related
Old World genus, Thalassoma Swainsou {=Juli8, Giinther ; not of Cuvier) by
the presence of 3 anal spines instead of 2. ( >X<ap6i, green ; /^OvS, fish.)

a. Caudal flu sliglitlj' lunate in the adult, truncate in the young.

b. Body bioolor, the npper lialf blackish, the lower pole ; bmly slender, the depth
about 4 in length ; ventralH Hhorter than pectorals, not fliauientods ; upper half
of body dark purplish, tho lower lialf abruptly rosy, the dark color of back

IflOO nullilin /7, r'uih'ii Stah'x Nafiotuxl }rnsnon.

m

4

r^f

I

J'

I

iH'i^ninlnK ({rnilunlly <lA<>p«r tlowiiwnnl, (IiIn ronitlna n bmnd hlnrkliih Intcrnl
Itiiiiil, tlix ciluo of wlilrli i-iirv)-M ii|iWiir<l r.l Ihimk of ritiiilnl ; ii t'uliil Iiiimmi
Htri'iik Im'Iow thtMlark ; iiiiilillt' lliDtof Imuk lilnik: liciitl liliick, wllli 2 nId'uIvh
dowiiwiinl mill rorwitnl .'Voiii vyo ; ilnrHiil iliirk, witli mIiHIhIi iiiarKln: iin.il
browniHli,<liHtulliuir|iHli'i iiiiiiliilyi'llowlMli, Milli'J|iiir|ili'loiiKlluilliialliaiiiU
i<\li<iiilliiK ii|)uii ill)' Ioii|{*<hI rn.VH; uvil vvilli it imriiluiluti IIimW |M't'tornli|iiiK ;
0 Hiiiall Mialca iMtlore ilDmal. i.I'i.'Ananih, U0| i.

Ub. ' hMly not liioolor.

e. liutly ratliiT ilt-ep, llii> d<'|illiUliiU4 in loii|{tli,n(|iiHl to leii|{tliot' liiiad; iiii|in
Hcult'tl on iiKMllan Uiio; 8 or U hi'hI<<m bi'l'oro dorMal; venlrnU Hhorl, llifi
oiitor riiyH not iinitliiriiili inli'ro|)«)roli<H ni<'i<tliiK Ih>Iii\v tlirout; nciiIik
Ti. D. VIII, 111; A. 111,11. ('ulorili'o|i lirown.i'iK'li Hi'ttli' in mIiIc Willi
a vortical liliiiuli barat liaHimnil niarKinml witli |ial<< blur; Hidimor Ih'ihI
tliiukly covorod with bliio MpotH and brokon lini'M, llioHt^ on cliunk raill-
atinK Inini i-yni dnrital and anal iMirpllali, a Hiiliiiiar|{iiial pulo Htimk
and a narrow wliitii niui'Kin ; a liliuik blotch on front of H|ilnoiiH dorsal ,
raiidal brown, tlio oiitor ra.SM tippud with black ; pin-loralHaiid viMitraln
purpllali at baao, with yellowiiili dktal portion ; dornal HpinoH Htron^.

HIH'DKHOKNHIS, JOI.'i.

ce. lioily Hloiidnr, oomproRHTd, tint di'ptli about 4 in loUKtli; vuutrulM iinn h

HliortiT than iioctoritlH.

d. Vt-nlralH t^ in |HM;torali«; oHvo, a vlidvt latonil band, broken poHin-

riorly ; dorsal oli vn, witli a wliilo niarciii, dnrkt-r bidow it ; a dark

blott'li on 4 aiilurior HpinuM; a'. dark Htri-ak on fuvli tiandnl lolic;

axil with a black Hpot. nhidih, '201U.

dd ViintraU '1\ in jiKctoraU; top of hiiad and back hrilliaut yellow, tliix

color extitndiiiK on Hidim of head and tu viuitrals; u 1ui'k« yellow

bloti'li on caudal tin; lower ]>art8 roHy white; a maroon liand

baukward froiueyit, liruakinj; upon bixly intoaneriesof Oiiiiad-

rate npota of bottlu green, the laHt blotch extending on outer

rays of caudal; dorHal moHtly greeniHli, with pale margin, a dark

blotch between Hucuud and tiftli npiuuH; poctoralH pale; vnii-

train yellow. nitiuihhimi-h, 'JU17.

aa. (.'aiidul tin deeply forked, the outer raya niiioh produced, eMpecially in the adult.

e. Color not iiniforni deep green.

/. I'ect4iral fin with n large blue black blntidi near its tip; basal half of anni
not violet black; IicimI and caudal tin entirely.bluiHli violet; edge of
caudal pale ; obrtcure paler atreaka on Hide of head ; breitat to vi^iitralH
violet, paler than head; body violaceoiiH, ita anterior third paler, the
Dcalea poateriorly eilged with dull violet; dorsal dull violet, ita buHc
paler, Uh edge wLitiHh; anal with a violet h) ipe above the pale edge.

STEINDACIINKKI, 2U18.

ff. Pectoral till with a black blotcli at ita tip; IxHly bicolor, the anterior and

poaterior halvea ditl'ereut, anterior half deep blue, the bead paler, \\m-

terior half Iiottle green, a det^p-blue band ncroHH body covered by

pectoral ; a fainter one behind gill opening, the two porhapa Homet Inio.s

coaleacing; tipiuoiiH dorsal dark ; tip of pe<;toraldark; caudal pale, its

lobes dark blue on the outer part; soft dorsal greenish; anal uml

ventrals bliiiah. DiKASCiATrH, 201U.

ff/. I'ectt>ral tin not black at tip; body not bicolor, bright green throughout.

ench scale with a iiiirpliHhbaratbase; head, nape, and belly purpliNli.

the head with 4 green Htreaks on each side, mar;;i>'ed with brown ;

these Htreakt> continued bacljward as wavy green streaks on breaHt:

dorsal and anal purplish, with a wide terminal green band nearly J

width of tin ; upper and lower caudal rays purplish, the median rays

pale; iioctorals and ventrals pale, a sniull bla<:k blotch at base of

pectorals above. Head 3^ : depth 3^ ; scales covering median lino of

Jordan and Ivvermann, —I'ishtu of Xortli . hf/i'n'tv. HM)7

iii*|>«, 7 or H rowH iN'I'orr ilnrHitl, cituilal ili'Kply liiiiul)<lii imIiiII, Mir
oilier riiyH twlco iii«hIIuii »tu'»; iiiiti-r vent ml niVH pnNliivi'tl, nut i|iiU<*
twice liiii«<r I'liyMi tliirMtil H|iliM<H |(unt{eiit. I). VIII, 13; A. Ill, II,

IIKA.MMATII'I'H, '.•ll'JO,

ft. Color iitiil'onii lirltflit i(r*'i<ii. willioiit well <lt<llne<l iinirkM on heuil or lio<l\.
Iloiul il III lenulli ; (le|illi alioiil 3; Mealt'o roiilliiiniiiii uitiimh mii|i«; itltoiil 7
roWH lirrol'4i ilorNlll; MCilleM 'S7 ; Oilier nilltliil lolit'M nilll'li |iro<liM'<'il, 1^ ill

lieiiil; outer veiitriil rii,VM lllaiiiontoiiH; ilorwal H|iineN |Min({eiil. I>. VIII,

i:i; A. Ill, II. VIUKMM, M'il.

itralH
r, thci

llUHH

0<lKe.

L>018.

unil

!!»ll. nil.OUK'IITIiYN IJICANAKIN «illl).

ileaiU; tlopth about I. D. VUI, 13; A. Ill, 12; hciiIun •J-'Jii-H. Ilnml
iMtlKT pttintod; tloi-HiiI HpiiioH i)iiii((uiit; vontrnlH not lllinmMitoiiN. H<-iiI«'h
iitliin* iloraiil Hiiinll.ti in niiinltor. Ciiudal liiniitr in lulult, trnnciito in tlio
yciiiM);, tlio black outer rnyn productMl Honiciwliat boyonil tho otlus-H, A
broiitl black band alon^ Hide, itn lower ud^e paHain^ uIouk I«>wci- imI^' of
i>vo and up))er cd^o of puctoinl, tbcn alun)( iniddio of Itody curving up-
wind to biiHH of upper lobu of caudal; belly liclow tbin abruptly |)ulcr,
lirowniHb poHturiurly; u faint brown Btroak alonj; HidcH from beliind pec-
tonil to middle <»f caudal baHe; dark lateral baud fading iuHuuHibly above
itilo tbu browu hue of the back; upper jiart of back a^ain Idack; head
nil dark, black above, thu color gradually fading beb>w to brown; 2 pain
bluish HtreukH from lower part of eyu downward and backward; a black
H|)()t at upper baHO of pectoral; dornal black, with u narrow pulo margin
oil tlie Hoft part; caudal pale, its upper and lower rays abruptly black,
iind narrowly eilged with pale; anal brown at bane, ])ale at tip; pectoral
iiiiiwn, with a blackish area toward tbu tip. Length about 3j incheH.
liiilf of California, in rock pooh. Known from Cape San Lucas, Ma/.atlan,
luid Trcs Marias. Hero deHeribed from ',\ HpuciniunH (No. H715I, U.S. Nat.
Mus.) brought from Tres Marias iHlands by Alphonso Forrer.

,hili» liiramnu».iiUA-, I'nx'. Ac. Nut. S(!i. Pliila. 18B2, 142, Cape Son Lucas; (iONTHKK, Cut.,

IV, 1«4, 18«2; JoKiiAN & iiiUiKKT, I'roc. V. S. Nal. Mum. 18H2, :t(17.
ThiildtHitiita liiramiivm,Jo\i\>AV, Cat. Fi«li. N. Am., 98, IHK.'i; .louiiAN &. llroHBM, I.e., 1886,

U8; JuKDAN,rroc. U.S. Nut. MiiH. 1888, ua:i; JoUDAN, Keviow Labroiil KIhIidh, 052, 181)0.

8015. (IIIiORirHTIlYK KO<'OBItOKNSIN (liillioit).

llead:Uo3i; depthHtoSi. I). VIII, 13; A. Ill, U; 8cabH2-27-H. Depth
of caudal peduncle 2.! in head; maxillary 3j ; snout 2j{ ; interorbital ij(.
Interoperclos meeting below on median line of throat. Scales reducetl
on broaift antl nape, the latter Hcaled over uie<lian line ; 8 or 0 scales in a row
along nape, arranged in 5 or (i oblique series; 13 obli«|uo rowu on breast;
well-developed scaly sheaths along bases of dorsal and anal, and series of
HcaloH running out «m membranes between rays of caudal. Outer caudal
rays little produced, the outline of fin greatly concave, longest ray equal-
ing length of head in front of prooporcular margin ; ventrals short, the
outer rays not produced, the inner rays cimtained I'i- in length of outer ;
pectorals short and broad, lit i)i head; dorsal S]>iu«'8 strong and sharp.
Deep brown, each scale on sides with a vortical bluish bar at base, nar-

I

11

■^a^ys^KET-

1608 liuUctin 47, Utiited States National Museum.

rowly margined with lifrht l-.Iue; Hidea of licud thickly covered wiih
Hiiiall purplish or hliiiHh spotu and broken lines niargiuod with dark< r
hlue, those on clicoks arranged in lines radiating t'roni the eye; dorsal iiml
anal purplish, a sultniarginal light stntak (prohaldy blue in life), au<l a
narrow white margin; a blat'k blotch on anterior rays of spinous dorHiil;
pectorals and ventralb purplish at base, with more or less orange (U- yellow
on distal portion; caudal brownish, the out«'r rays tipped with ItbiiK.
Keviilagigedo Archipelago, abundant at Hocorro Island; th<^ longest '<\.i:.i.
men known, 10^ inches long, ((iilbert.)

Thalaimoma Hoeorroense, (riLBKiir, I'nx;. V. S. Mut. Miia. IHIHI, 09, Socorro Island ('I'yim
Ko. 43081. Coll. Albatro»a) -, Jokuan, Kuvicw Labroiil Fii«lic», 653, 1890.

2010. l^ilLOitlClITHYS NITIDVK ((iiiiither).

Head 3J (4i in total) ; depth 4 (4i in total). D. VIII, i:^; A. II (III). J J ;
scales 2-26-8. N«> poHterior canine tooth. Dorsal spines pungent, shorter
than the rays; caudal lobes very slightly produced; the length of tbo
ventral | of that of the pectoral. Color in spirits, a violet baud, uuiteil
with its fellow on the snout, runs through the eye and ac-ross the bend ol'
the lateral line to the caudal, sometimes broken up into large sixits,
forming a single series; dorsal iin brownish, darkest toward the margin,
which is white; a black blotch between the 4 anterior spiut^s; ana! white;
caudal with i^ blackish streak along each lobe; a black spot superiorly in
the axil of tue pectoral, which is transparent. Jiimuica (GUuther); uot
seen by us. Length 3 inches, {nit'idua, shining.)

Julii nitida, GUnther, Cat., iv, 190, 1862, Jamaica. (Coll. Dr. I'arnell.)
Thalaisoma nitidum, Jukdan &. Hughes, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1886, 68; Jordan, Keviow
Labroid Fishes, 653, 1890.

8017. CilLORlVHTHYS MTIDI8S1MUN (Uuode).

Head 3|; Depth 4. D. VIII, 13; A. Ill, 11 ; scales 2-2&-8. Body slender,
compressed; ventrals very short, 2jt in pectorals. Top of head and back
brillii»:<t yellow, this color extending on sides of head and to ventrals ; a
large yen*, w blotch on cau<lal fin ; lower parts rosy white; a maroon band
backward from eye, breaking up on body into a series of 6 quadrate spots
of bottle green, the last blotch extending on outr-r rays of caudal; dors.il
mostly gr«H>ni8h, with pale margin, a dark blotch between second and fifth
spines; pectorals pale; ventrals yellow, Bermudas (Goode) ; not seen by
us; probably not distinct from Chlorichthya nitidua.* (nitidimmua, most
shining.)

Julii nitidissima, GoouE, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts 1877, 293, Bermuda. (Coll. Goode.)

* In describing Julis nitidissima, Professor Goode indicates liis suspicion that it is idfii-
tictil v'ith Jidix liitida. The only tangible distin<'tion would bi^ in the length of the ven-
trals, § the pectorals in C. nitidus and ^ in C. nitidisrimiis. Tht- other ditference-s may bn
dne to the fact that the type of nitidistimus was freshly caught ; thosn of nitidus •preserved
in alcohol.

m V

Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 1609

1018. OIILOItlCIITilYH STKIXDACIiNKRI (Jordan)

Heiul 4 in totiil, to otul of middl** caudal rays; depth 5; scales --27-9.
( iiiulal deeply forked, its produced rays, as also the head, bluish vioh-t;
lower and posterior edge of caudal pah;; olmrure paler streaks on side of
Iliad; breast to voutnils vitdot, palt-r than head; body violacooiis, its
.Ulterior third paler, the scales posteriorly edged with dull violet; dorsal
(lull violet, its base paler, its edge whitish ; anal with a violet stripe above
tlio pale edge. Pectoral tin wltli a large blue-black blotch pointed
forward toward its tip. Acapulc >; 1 specimen D.J inchet< long (.St« iudaeh.
nor) ; not seen by us.

Dr. Steindachner observes: "An exaniph^ caught at Acapulco agrees on
the whole so closely with ,Ui\\s melanochir that I <'an only op account of its
color regard it as a variety of that species. Julia melanochir coiucs very
aiiiindantly on the coast of the Sandwich Islands, and it may from thence
extend its range to the west coast of North America, which, on the whole,
possess but few Labroids." Inasmuch as this account of th»i Acapulco fish
differs considerably from Juli8 melanochir as shown in Hleeker's figure, and
as the Labroid fauna of the west coast o»' Mexico is in general wholly
unlike that of the western Pacific, it is probable that vhe lish fnmi Aca-
pulco is not identical with Julia melanochir.

(Named for Dr. Franz Steiadachner, the discoverer of the species.)

.hiUa melanochir, Steindachneii, Ichtli. Hoitr., in, 03, 1875, specimen I'roni Acapulco; not.

of liLGKKER, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo Xederl., vui, 77, 1859.
Thalassoma steindachnen, Jordan, Koviow Labroid I'ishc!". 654, 1890, Acapulco; alter

Steindachneh.

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2019. CHLOBIIHTIIYS BIPASCIATl'S* (Blocli).

Head 3^; depth 3h D. VIII, 13; A. 11,11; scales 2-27-9, Caudal fin
deeply forked, the outer rays much produced, especially in the adult.
Hody bicolor, the anterior and posterior halves ditt'erent; anterior half
deep blue, the head paler, posterior half bottle green, a dee)* blue band
across the body covered by pectoral; a fainter one behind gill opening,
the two perhaps sometimes coalescing; spinous (lorsaldark; tip of pec-
toral dark; caudal pale, its lobes dark blue (m the outer part; soft dorsal
greenish ; anal and ventials bluish. West Indies ; not uncommon ; known
from Cuba, Jamaica, San Domingo, and Martinique, {hi/asciatus, two-
banded.)

Labrus capite ohtugo. Gkonow, Zoopliyl., No. 243, 1781, Antilles.
I.ttbrvshifas„iatut, l5i,o(H,Iclitliy., 131, jd. 283, 1792, West Indies.

I.abrux hi/axciatiig var. torquatus, Bloch «Sc ScHXEmEB, Syst. Ichth., 243, 1801, Antilles;
lifter Gboxow.

* " HPiitl and iris very dark jiurple ; bo ly to tip of pectorals blaclc, posteriorly green, tlie
liaaei' of tliesciiles darker; caudal pedunule dusky; greenisli on sides; apale jfreenish liand
across back and sides tlirough front of spinous dorsal; outer rays of eaiidal black, inner
white; sjiinous dorsal bl<i<'k, soft dorsal ;;reonish witli a pale margin ; anal greenisii, dusky
anteriorly; pectoral white, the tips and base black; outer rays of ventrals black, others
pale, head without color markings, but the numerous pores on the cheek seem to have
mucous tubes r.idiating from the eye. I'ectoral black at tip." (Jordan aud Kutter:
iSpeciinuns from Jamaiua.k

3030 24

1610 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

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Julii deteraor, Cuvier & Vai.Rncibnnes, Hist.Nnt. PoIhs., XIII, 408, 1839, San Domingo;

Martinique ; UI^ntiibk, Cat., i\r,186, 1862.
Lahrv* omaUu, Ghonow, Syst. Nat., £d. Gray, 83, 1854, Antilles; after Lahrus capii^-

obtuso; not of Carmicharl.
Jxilig gillia..us, I'OKY, Memorias, ii, 214, 1860, Cuba.
Chloriehthyi bi/aiciaUu, Swainson, Nat. Iliut. Class. Fisli., ii, 232, 1830.
Julig bifagciata, GCntiieb, Cat.,iv, 186,1862.
Julia bi/a$eiatui, PoKV, Enuniemtio, 107,1876.
Thalangoma bi/asciatum, Jordan & Huohes, Proc. U. S. .Nat. Mus. 1886, 68; Jordan, Vmr.

TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 540 (types of Julia deteraor) -, Jordan, Koviuw Labroid Fishis,

6&4, 1800.
Thalaaaoma bi/ateiatua, Jordan, Beviow Labroid Fishes, 56.

2020. ClILOKICilTHYN URAMMATICUS (Gilbert).

Head3ito3J; depth 3 to 3i; t^ye 2i in snout. D. VIII, U'j A. IIi, 11.
Maxillary 4^ iu head ; BUoiit3; iutororbital width 4. Two canines in front
of each jaw; no posterior canines; teeth gradually enlarging towartl
front of each jaw, those next the anterior pair not more than t their
length. Interopercles gr»'atly produced, meeting or overlapping on me
dian line below. Scales somewhat reduced on nape and breast, cimtiunuus
over median line of nape; 7 or 8 oblique rows in front of dorsal, 9 or 10
series in front of ventrals; well-detined sheaths at bases of dorsal and
anal. Caudal iiu very deeply lunate, the outer rays greatly produced,
forming lobes nearly twice as long as median rays in the adult, but little
produuod in the young; outer ventral rays produced, not twice length
of inner rays, not reaching vent; pectorals 1^ in head; dorsal spin<>s pun-
gent. Bright green, each scale of sides with a purplish bar at base ; head,
nape, breast, and belly purplish, the head with 4 green streaks ou each
side margined narrowly with brown ; tlie lowermost bar runs ou mandi-
ble, lower preopercular margin, and interopercle; the second runs from
mandibular articulation across cheek ar.d subopercle, showing a strong
upward curve below eye; the third is neurly parallel with the second, run-
ning from angle of mouth to opercular margin, passing through lower
margin of orbit; the fourth runs backward from orbit to upper posterior
angle of opercle, then downward along margin of operclo to base of pec-
toral ; these streaks are continued backward more or less as wavy green
stn'aks on breast and sides below pectorals; dorsal and anal purplish
with a wide terminal green bar nearly i as wide as fin ; upper and lower
caudal rays purplish, the median rays light; pectorals and ventrals liglit
purplish; a small black blotch on base of pectorals above. Revilla-
gigedo Archipelago; abundant at Socorro Island; a single specimen
from Clarion Island, the largest obtained, 11^ inches long. (Gilbert.)
(ypajujiKxriHo?, streaked.)

Thalassoma tjrammatictim, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 68, Socorro Island ; Clarion
Island (Type, No. 43083. Coll. Albatrosa) ; Jordan, Koview Labroid Fishes, 655, 1890.

2021. CHLOBICIITHYS VIRK\S (Gilbert).

Head 3; depth about 3. D. VIII, 13; A. Ill, 11; scales 27. Depth of
hc^ad Ii in its length; maxillary 3i in head; snout 2f to 2*; eye 3j^ in
snout; interorbital width i snout. Two strong canines in front of each

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1611

jiiw, tho other teutb increasing in Imgth uutoriorly, but not nearly equal-
iij<r untt'riur pair; no pustvricr cauiut>8. Scales on breaHt and nape re-
(liice«l in si/e, the latter continnous over the median line of nape, in about
7 rows in front of dorsal; about 10 oblique rows on breast; 27or2KtrauB-
VI rso rowH on Hides; 2 full series of scales above lateral line, and 4 or r>
siiiiill scab's along base of fin. Depth of caudal peduncle 2,1^ in head ; outer
( audal lob<'S greatly i)roduce<l, 1^ in lu'ad, th»* nii<ldle ])ortion truncate, A
li iigth of head; outer ventral rays produced, but not nearly reaching
;iiial, twice tho h'ngth of the inner rays, \ length of head; pectoral \?.
ill head. Dorsal spines strong, pungent. Uniform bright green, with-
iiiit distinguishing streaks or spots on head or 1)ody. lievillagigodo Archi-
liolago; very abundant at Socorro Island; tht^.largest specimens seen, 13
iiicbes long. (Gilbi'rt.) (rirt'H«, green.)

T/nii((Mo»ia i'ire»i«, (■"•HEKT, Proc. IL.S. Nut. :Miia. 18!»0, (!8, Socorro Island (Coll. iltba-
trats) : JoKDAN, licview Labroid Fishoa, 655, 18!)0.

641. DORATONOTUS, (Jiinther.

Ihratonotus, GI^ntheii, Cat. Fishes Hrit.Mu8.,iv, 124, 1862 {me!)ale2>U).

Body compressed; head not compressed to an edge anteriorly, its pro-
file in front straight or concave; preorbital not vi^ry deep; mouth rather
wide; teeth in a single sca-ies, 2 large canines in front of each jaw; a pos-
terior canine; (thocks and oporclcs scaly; gill membianes united, free
liora the isthmus; scales large; lateral lino interrupted behind, beginning
again lower down; dorsal tin with 9 strong pungent spines, some of the
initerior elevated, the median spines short, so that the outline of the fin
is concave; caudal rounded. Colors brilliant. Size small. This genus
contains a single species, one of the most beautiful of tlie Lahr'xhr, and
tlie genus to which it belongs is one of the best defined in the group.
{66(iaroz, spear; j'&irof, back.)

B'

2023. DORATONOTIN MKOALEPIS, Giinther.

Head2f ; depth L'f. D. IX, 10; A. Ill, 9; scales l.V-20, 6,V pores. Body
much compressed, moderately eh-vated, its greatest width behind head
f of its height; caudal peduncle short and deep, its length but little
more than A its height; profile from dorsal to nape convex, carinated;
occiput and supraorbital region depressed and Hat, the snout protruding,
the profile of top of head thus strongly concave. Snout slender, sharp,
compressed, its length 3,^ in iiead ; mouth wide ; maxillary 4 in head ; teeth
H;rowing gradually larger anteriorly, the 2 front teeth in each jaw dis-
tinctly the "largest, canine-like, diverging, opposed to each other; a small
but distinct posterior canine in upper jaw, none in the lower; eye mod-
erate, little wider than interorbital width, 5 in head; cheeks Avith a
single series of large scales, 4 in number; opercle covered with 5 or 6
similar scales; gill membranes broa<lly united, free from the isthmus.
Dorsal spines robust and pungent, the first 3 with conspicuous filamen-
tous appendages; first and second spines with their filaments about equal,
\\ in head; withouttheiriilaments the second spine is slightly the longest,

.i >

I ifii|i,iij..iii)mjjiipmn«i .ji(sii!iujii|i)Hi f,-

ri

1612 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

equaling distauct! ftom end of snout to middle of oye; the tin rapid iy
dencends to the fourth spinu, which is ^ as long as tli«^ second, then griKU
ually risos to the ninth and highest, which is, however, shorter than tlut
following soft rays; longest soft ray 1^ in head; anal spines similar to
those of dorsal fin, the longest about Ahead; caudal evenly convex, il.s
l()ng«>8t ray 1^ in head; ventrals short, about \ length of head, an elou.
gate scale between thorn at base; pectorals reaching beyond tbe ventrals,
but not to veut, If in head. Membranes of vertical fins, with elong!ir(>
scales on basal portion; lateral line following outline of back 1 hc!iIi>
beyond end of dorsal fin, thence intermitted and continued on 4 scaleH of
middle of caudal peduncle. Color in life, very intense grass green, ahoiit
uniform over the body; head more yellowish, slightly paler below; oiitu-
cles mesially a little darker ; iris red, with a green ring; dorsal, anal, ami
caudal grass green, mottled with light orange ; tips of lower spines greeu,
of short ones orange; ventrals deep green, the membranes largely orange;
pectorals light yellowish. Length 2J inches. West Indies north to Key
West,* rare. Here described from the type of Doratonotus thalaaainnt,
obtained with a seine in eelgrass at Key West. One of the most beau-
tiful of American fishes, {/.leyaz, large; Xeiri?, scale.)

Doratonotni megalepia, OCmthgk, Cat., iv, 125, 1862, St. Kitts ; Jordan, Knview Labr >iil

FiahoB 655, 1890.
Doratonotm thalainnus, Jordan & Gii.beht, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mua. 1884,28, Key West.

(Type, No. 34a69, U. S. N. M. Coll. Jordan.)

642. XYRULA, Jordan.

Xyrula, Jordan, Beview of Labroid Fislies, 656, 1890 (jetsicB).

Scales very large, about 20 in the lateral line, which is placed on tlie
first row of large scales below the dorsal sheath ; head not trenchant above,
otherwise as in Xyrichthys. A single species from rather deep water. (A
diminutive, suggested by Xyrichthya.)

S033. XTRVLA JESSI.E (Jordan).

Head 3J ; depth 3^. D. IX, 12 ; A. (probably) HI, 12 ; scales about f-20-7.
Body oblong, rather more elongate and rather less compressed than in
species of Xyrichthya. Head rather less deep and less trenchant anteriorly
and superiorly than in X. 2>sittacu8, its anterior outline boldly convex
rather than parabolic. Depth of preorbital from eye to angle of mouth
2^ in head (2,^„ in X.psittacua). Cleft of mouth 4^ in head; anterior in-
cisors strong, I as in X.paittacua. Eye moderate, 4| in head. No trace of

* Of this exquisite little fish only 5 specimens are known : (1) The type of D. me<jalepis
a specimen in poor condition fron» St. Kitts ; (2) the type of Z>. thalatsinus, a swecinien in
fine condition from Key West, now in the U. S. National Mnseiini; (3) a thira specimen
sent by Professor Poey from Havana to the museum <it Cambridge; and (4) 2 speci-
mens taken by Dr. James A. Henshall at Garden Key. These last specimens have tho
snout less slender than in the original types, but tliis diilerence may be due to tlicir
greater age.

We have little doubt of the identity of D. fhalannmt* with D. megalepis, thr diight dif-
ferences in the descriptioua being apparently due to the poor condition of Dr. Giinther'»
specimous,

imi::'^

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1613

KCiilea on cheeks; lon^^th of cheek n little move than \ itn height (oiuch
IfiHH than A in A'. pHiltaciia). Scaiea very large, the lateral line rnnning
;iliing the back on the lirHt complete aeries of HcalcH. (Owing to the inju-
ries wliich the specimen has received the nnmber of scales can not bo
csiictly connted. It is, howevek-, apparently 20 or 21.) Itotween the sixth
spine and the sevcntli soft ray of the dorsal H scuUts remain. In the same
distance on .W psUtaciis there are •! scales, the total nnmber in the lateral
lino being abont 27. The tins are nil injured by the digestive process, and
ill r not evidently different from similar parts in A'.j<«»7<a'H«. The dorsal
sjiines seem rather more slender, the anterior spines not prodnc<>d, the
.soft rays of the yen trals filamentous. Color in life, uniform scarlet red;
the sides more yellowish; no blue spots or lines anywhere. Snapper
I'.anks olf Tampa Hay, Florida; from the stomach of a lar^e gronper; the
typo in rather bad v ondition on account of having been partly digested.
Length of typical exatuple 6J inches. (Named for Mrs. Jessie Knight
.Ionian.)

Xiirichthii jemiw, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1887, 098, off Tampa Bay.

;ii)420. Coll. CIms. H. Bollmaii.)
Xi/nila jetsia; Jordan, Uevlow Labroid Fialie«,fl56, 1800.

(TyiMi, No.

643. NOVACULICHTHYS, IJleeker.

S'lii'aeulichthyi, Bleekkk, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1801, 414 {macrolepidotut).
niiiialacocentrut, Gu.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1803, 223 {kallonoma); "tirst two dorsal
spines more or less detached."

This genus is very close to XijrichthijH, from whi«rh it diflFers chiefly in
buving the upper profile of the head more or less obtuse, not cnltrate;
the preorbital is less elevated than in Xyrichthya, and the first 2 dorsal
spines are flexible, sometimes spaced, produced, or otherwise distinguished
I'roiii the others, but not forming a separate fin ; ventrals sometimes pro-
(lir;ed ; cheeks naked, or with a few small scales below the eye. Species
riither nnmerous; the group apparently intergrading with Xyrichthya.
{HovacHla, razor; Z^Oi)?, fish.)

((. Two anterior spines of dorsal flexible, sometimes elevated, always difterent from the
remaining spines; ventral tins much produced in the adult, shorter in the young;
a few sc.iies below eye.
6. Scales 23 or 24; third and fourth spines of dorsal lowest, the spines thence
slightly increasing to the last; second spine connected by a membrane with
the third ; flrst and second spines elevated, IJ in head ; caudal rounded ; a
series of small scales below eye; head otherwise naked. Color (male) liglit
olive, liead more yellowish ; body with 5 brownish cross bais, the flrst obscure
at the nape, the last fonning a blotch at base of caudal; a small yellowish
spot at base of caudal and a fainter one above it; cheeks and lower jaw
banded; an olive blotch on operclc; some brown dots behind eye; dorsal
clierry red, paler posteriorly, darkest on produced anterior rays ; caudal
pale; anal cherry red, with 2 spots of deeper red ; pectorals plain; ventrals
deep cherry red. Femiile, orange brown, much mottled, 5 cross bands,
darker and broader tlian in the male; 2 yellowish-brown bands across from
eye over lower .jaw; 2 similar 1>ands across breast before ventrals ; caudal
and pectoraLs plain ; ventrals deep brownish red. uosiPBS, 2024.

I ■

}

W

■i

i

w

'^^fmf:m,mA'\jf.i^mm^ii)»\mfmp^wiii^

;.1J

V.

^

1014

Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

bh. HcalcH 26; dorHiil niiil cniulal faintly Imrrod; vontriilH iniirli ]>ro(ln('cd, tin ir
I'olor pourl.v; lint 2 ilorHiil hpiiiOH lloxiltle, not niiieli ])nidiicod.

VKNTRAI.IH, -Jliir,.

aa. Two anterior npinoH of dorHal Niiiiiliir to tlin otberH, none of th«ni pnngont ; vontnilH
nioderat4\ not reaching anid.
It. Chcok lielow eye with a row of 4 or 6 nniall Hcah'H; head 3); de]>th3}; hcuIps
'.'7; grayitih, dorHal edged with darki^r; iixil hlackUh, Home ntrcakHon hisul.

INFIRMt'H, 'JdllC,

rc. Cheek hoh>w eye without HcaleH; anterior prolilo of the head not very Hinp
and not trenchant; head 3|| in h'ngth; depth 'A\\ Hrah'H 2-20. Color in
HpiritH, rcildish, the llim dark (in tlie male); head without evident liliir
lines; a Idiui vertical Htreak on each Hcale, an in other HpecioH; no Hilvrrv
blotch, and no inky Hpot on liody. MAKTiNlCENsis, 'Jii'.'T.

2024. NOVACITLU'HTIIVK ItO>ilI>KS (Jordan <& Gilbert).

Head 3?; dei)th 3!. D. IX, 13; A. Ill, 12; scales 2-23 or 21-8. Ho.iy
sharply compressed tind oC moderate lutiglit, the anterior protWes not com-
pressed to it sharp edge, the upper profile descending in a regular gent)(»
ctirve from dorsal fin to end of snout, thus much less nearly vertical tliaii
in most species of the genus; the snout eomparntively hmg and pointcil,
the preorbital low ; maxillary nearly reaching vertical from front of orbit,
3^ in head; teeth as usual, no posterior canines; height of preorbital 'i\
in head; eye large, H times intenu'bital width, 3.? in head (in young);
distance from snout to eye \ head ; a series of small scales below eye, hciid
otherwise naked. Two anterior dorsal spines (in young) much elevated,
with filamentous tips, their length); that of head; the third or fourth
spine is the lowest, the spines thence slightly increasing to the last; sei -
end spine, connected by membrane with the third; longest soft ray ol"
dorsal about 2Jt in head; caudal rounded, H in head; ventrals \%\ pec-
torals li. The young male d«^8cribed above, 2 inches long, had the fol-
lowing coloration in life: Light olive, scarcely paler below, the heiid
more yellowish; body with 5 irregular brownish cross bars, the first
obscure at the nape, the last forming a blotch at base of caudal; a small
yellowish spot at middle of base of caudal and a fainter one above it; a
dark-olive band downward from eye, with a spot-like band of the same
color before it, and another, which becomes yellow, on the cheek behind
it; all 3 of these pass around the lower .jaw; an olive blotch on
opercle; some brown dots behind eye; dorsal cherry red, paler poster-
iorly, diirkest on the produced anterior rays; caudal pale, scarcely tinged
with reddish; anal cherry red, tlu* lateral stripes forming 2 spots of
deeper red on the fin ; pectoral jilain; ventrals deep cherry red. A second
specimen, smaller in size, probably the female of the species, had a dil'
ferent coloration, as follows: Orange brown, everywhere much mottled,
the edges of many scales being brown, the brown becoming yellowish on
lower parts, .5 brown cross bands darker and broader than in the other
specimen, the first at nape, the last at base of caudal, ending behind in :i
sharply defined convex curve; two yellowish-brown bauds across from
3ye over lower .jaw; tip of lower .jaw of tlie same color; 2 similar
bands across breast before ventrals ; «Iorsal and anal transparent, except

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. lOlf*

whure orosrod 1»y the bandH; ciiikIjiI iinil portnriilH jtlniii, voiitralM tlocp
brownish red. Key West. Two spec-iiiions ivro kiiowu, both yonu^. Tlie
;i(lult will probiibly bo found to approach the Hra/.ilian species, Soracn-
lirhthyn aplendeiiB (Castelnau) in form and colorntion, probably having the
2 dorsal spines lower and the ventrals lonjrer than in the young. The
\ oiing o{ NovaculichthyH »plen:Uni> has the caudal barred, while in X roaipea
it is plain; wo have noticed no other characters by which tho j'cMing of
I lie 2 can be separated. Tho adult of Xoraculichtkifa aphmlena has an
iiil<y-black lateral blotch surrounded by silvery, (roaeiia, rosy; jiea, foot,
from tho red ventrals.)

XiiiiehthiiM roiipf I, JonnAS A- (iU.nEnT, I'rop. V. S. Nut. Mum. 1HH», '.'7, Key West (Coll.
.Tonliiii); Jordan, Koviow I.uliroiil FIhIich, KiX, \S'M).

2025. NOVACDI.irilTllYS VKNTIiALIS (Bpmii).

Head 3J; depth SJ. D. IX, 12; A. Ill, 12; V. I, 5; P. 11; scales 2-20-8.
Itody compresHed, of moderate height; upper ])rolilo of head not forming
a very sharp edge; profile descending in a very regular curve from begin-
ning of dorsal to tip of snout; snout comparatively short and blunt; i»re-
iirbital low, its width at angle of mouth equaling length of eye ; maxillary
scarcely rt^aching verti<'al from front of orbit, 3A in head. Two strong
canines in front of each. jaw, those of the mandible being received within
tiie maxillary canines; both sets of canines with a lat<'ral an<l backward
curve; no posterior canines. Eye distant from upper prolile only about
^ of its diameter, which is contained 1.1 times in its distance from tip (»f
snout, and M times in length of head with opercular da]>; a few faint
rudiments of scales behind and bebtw orbit; intororbital width equal to
short diameter of eye; snout 3 in head; first 2 dorsal spines floxiido, slen-
derer than the others, but not evidently differentiated from tho rest of the
iin; length of first spine aln^^st | that of head; second spine slightly
shorter than the first; third spine 3 in head; ninth sjtine slightlj* longer
than third; first soft ray 2^ in head; last ray 5 in body; anal spines mod-
(^rate, tho third as long as third spine of dorsal; last anal ray ^ as long as
liead; caudal slightly rounded, 0 in body; first ventral ray produced,
extending to base of fouith anal ray ; pectoral as long as head without snout.
Lateral line piercing 20 scales before the interruption, which occurs under
tenth ray of dorsal. Color in spirits, j)nrpli8h-gray; a broad streak of
solferino in middle of sides, beginning near head and extending back to
above middle of anal, the width of this stripe uncertain, but probably twice
that of tho eye; iris solferino with a narrow light circle around pupil;
several narrow stripes a littlo darker than tho body color from the eye over
])reorbita1 and check; a similar stripe running almost vertically on oper-
clc; dorsal mottle*! with dusky; other fins pearly, except caudal, which
is slightly dark, with a light margin, and anal, which shows some faint
niottlings in alcohol. Another young individual 57 mm. long is probably
of the same species. The first 2 dorsal spines are flexible, the others stiff ;
the ventral scarcely rea<;hes tho anal origin; across tho top of the head
and back are 9 or 10 light blotches, some of these being continued down

J 1;

ill

1616 liullrthi 77, United States A^ational A fusciini.

'it-

the Hidi'H, fortiiiu^ about f) diatinct bantls. CoKiiniel iHland, Yiiratnn ; L'
HpecinieiiH. ( Moan)- Very clo8« to X. rosipes and N. Hplendens; ])OHsi))l,v tli<<
atliilt of (lie former, (nnlralia, pertaining to tliu belly, from tho Imi;;
ventruls.)

Xyrichthii* rentralit, llKAN, IJnll. U. S. FUli Comiii. 1888, 108, pi. 2fl, fig. 1, Cozumel (Coll. Dr.
H«-(in. TyjMs So. 37077) ; .louDAN, Kiiview Lnbroid FIhIich, 060, 1800.

802H. >OVA(;i LiniTllYH INFIRNrN (Himi).

ITcadSJ; depth .^i. I). IX, IL'; A. Ill, 12; V. I,.''.; T. 11; scalos 2-27-11.
Form of body Himilar to that of N. rentralis, the doacent of thi* piolilc
mom abnipt, tho Hpecics in this i'«Hp«'«'t bearing more rescmblancii to .\ .
imttacus ; upper prolil<> of head not forming a very sharp edge ; snout
comparatively short and blunt; the ]»reorbita1 very much higher than in
N. rentralis; the shortest distauco from the angle of mouth to eye nearly
. twicci length of eye; maxillary not reaching vertical from front of orbit,
its length 4 in head; canines as in X. rentralis; (^yo distant from ui»])or
profile nearly^ of its diameter, which is 6 iu head and more than 2 in
snout; interorltital width equal to length of eye; a fi>w scales below the
orbit; distance from snout to eye 2^ iu head. All dorsal spines ilexilile,
and of about equal length; third spine 3 in head; last soft ray very
slightly produced, and about 2 J in head ; anal spines very week, the third
s))ine about .SA iu head; last anal ray little less than 3 in head; caudal
nearly truncate, in some si)ocimens the middle rays very slightly longer
than external rays, the middle rays, from the end of the scales, 7 in
length of body to base of caudal ; ventral spine slender and weak, lirst
.\. 'T reaching about to vent; ventral about 1^ in head and 5 in body; pec-
toru^ nearly as long as ventral ; lateral line piercing 20 scales before the
interruption, the twentieth scale being under tenth ray of dorsal; scales
of breast and abdomen much smaller than any of the others; posterior
angle of most of the scales acutely produced. Col(»r in spirits, light olive
gray, the dorsal and anal fins being darker except along their basal por-
tions; axil of pectt)ral very dark, the dark blotch sometimes bordered
behind by several bluish streaks on the scales; 3 narrow stripes extending
ftom the eye over the preorbital and cheek ; intei'opercle with 6 or 7 short,
nearly vertical, lines of bluish; irissolferino; the dark color of the dorsal
morepronounced on the spinous portion. Cozumel, Yucatan. (Bean); four
specimens known. Evidently close to Xoraculichthys martinicensis, but
probably distinguished by the dusky axil and the scales (m the cheeks.
(infirmus, limp, llexible.)

Xyrichthys infirmus, Bean, Bull. IT. 8. Fish Comm. 1888, 199, pi. 29, fig. 2, Cozumel (Coll. T.
H. Bean. Type, No. 37076) ; Jordan, Koviow Labroid Fishes, 060, 1890.

2027. NOYACULICHTHYS MARTINICENSIS (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Head 3i; depth 3t D. IX, 12; A. Ill, 12; scales 2-29-9. Dorsal spines
similar, all soft and flexible. Ventral fins moderate, not reaching anal,
not produced in a long filament; no small scales below eye; body more
elongate than in Xyrichthys psittacus, the anterior profile of the head less
steep and less trenchant. Color iu spirits, reddish, the fins dark (in the

'TO!

Jordan and F.vcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1617

iiinlo'); head without evident hlno linsH; a blae vertical streak on each
Hi'ulo, as ill other sporioH; no Hilvery lilotcli, and no inl(y spot on body.
Miirtiui(|iu\ Here d<-Hcri lied from Mie ori>riiial types of »uiWiNi'o«NMiM and
vUia in the ninstnini at I'uris. Tlie 2 are not uvidently diifuront, althon^h
llioyunt not in vory ^ood condition for comparison. The characters of
tliiH spocieH arc yet to bo made out from freHh specitnens. (m«ir/tN<c(tiMiH,
liom Martinifpif.)
The following are onr notes on the types of those nominal species:
Xl/riohthys mnrtiHicenaiH: Eiglit specimens, about .13') mm. long, in jtoor
condition; Martinique. (Garnot.) Color fudt>d; I H]H!cinion (male) with
ilark fins. Anterior profile rather lc<)8 troncliant than in A'. pnUlacua.
( 'anines strong, | on each Hide. No scales on bead. Anterior dorsal spines
not produced; none of the spines pungent. Head '.i* in length; depth
iiliont the same. HculeH 29.

AyrichthyH ritta: From the "Cabinet du Stadhondcr;" .14 mm. long.
Specimen a little deeper than the typos of A'. martinicen^iH (head3j| ; depth
5')> ^"t apparently not otherwine ditl'orent. A yellowish streak along
sides where the muscles Join (perhaps not evident in life).

Xynehthya martinicenidx, Ct'ViKR vt Valenciknnkb, Ilist. Nut. PoiHs., xiv, 49, 1830, Martin-
ique ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miih. 1886, 541 (note on typo) ; Jordan, ICoview Laliroid
Fishes, 050, 1800.

A'i//-icA<Aj/« Ditto, CuviER A- Valenciennes, Hist. Nnt. I'oiss., xiv, 51, 18:tO, no lo«:!iIily
given: Jordan, Proc U. S. Nnt. Mum. 1H8«, 541 (nott^ on typo).

Somcula martinicenna, UUntiier, Cut., iv, 171, 1862.

;]>;

644. XYRICHTHYS, (Jnvior.

(Razou-fi.siiks. )

Xyriehthyt, CtJVlER, M^moires dn MnB6um ilHIst. Nat., i, 324, 329, 1815 (novaeula).
Xovacula, CuviER, Regue Animal, E<1. i, 265 1817 (novaeula); Novaeula of Kleeker and

GOnther, not Novaeula, 611.L, wliicL is Ilemipteronotus of Lac^.im'.de und Blbeker,

a genus distinguished from Iniistiut, Qiu., by its scaly clicoks.
Aviofphoeephalut, UowDicn, Exc. Madeira, 238, 1825 (i/rauulaUn).

Body oblong, compressed, deepest behind the occiput, thence tapering
backward. Head very short and deep, the profile almost vertical, the
upper and anterior outlines coiiipre.ssed to a sharp edge; profile parabolic.
Preorbital very deep. Eyes small, high, placed near the top of the head.
Mouth small, low; 2 anterior canines in each jaw, no posterior canines.
Cheek and opercles naked, or with only a few very small scales below
the eye. Scales large, with membranaceous edges, about 26 in a longi-
tudinal scries; the lateral lino running on the second row of large scales
lielow the dorsal sheath; lateral line interrupted behind, commencing
a^ain lower down on the caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin continuous, with 9
luiiigent spines essentially alike. Colors brilliant. Tropical seas, {^vpov,
razor; ix^vi, fish.)

<t. ISIack ocellus larger than eye at base of caudal, Just bolnw lateral line; none on dor-
sal fin. MUNDI('EI>8, 2028.
an. Tilack ocellus wanting, not present anywhere on body or on fins in either sex.

h. Scai3.s of sidi's of body each with a vertical blue spot. General color more or
less red; side of body with a diffuse silvery area below and behind the

1AI8

Ihuh'tipi /7, United Sfaits National ^fuscum,

W. «

I!':!

.1.

i
f

I,

■r

pectoral tin, oftnn wnntinK nr (ItiinppAarInK In nplrit* ; acalea Ixtlow thin nn ,i

wltli pttarly vertical Htrciikri; color roHo ruil or brownlMli, with a liluu vfrii-

ral Htrouli on ciich Hrulii; viirtii^nl liliu< Htriinl(M on tliu IikmI, an in otliT

HpocifH; nialtm (In lit'<\ alwiiyn) witli u <lur)( rt<il rroMH hIiihI<' iM-hlnil jm .

toriilH, tlilM disappfurinK In HpiritH; (lorMiil Ininiurulat*!; iiniil with oliliiinn

TiolaRi'onii Htr<<al(ii; niiiilal with 0 nr H <lnrl< croMii ntrcalcH. Ili'iiil UJ m

lunKth; dt'ptli ^, eyo miiiiiII, &i in heail ; nraliH 2-'20-H. i>8rrrA('i'H, Uojn

vj), H4^ali)a of hIiIch of lin<ly without liino HpolH; h<m<l witli but 5 vtTtical Htrniki

of bluo. (Johir uh\, thx tluH nrarly plain ; a red asiUar iianU, tiiHa|>|Nsariii;,'

innpirita; irianMl; caudal trunratuj othi^rwlHc aaln A'. i'Wffrioitx, ofwliirli

it Ih prohnltly a color variety. moukhith, 'Mm.

i!02N. XVKiniTIIVK NINIMCKrH, (iill.

Head 3^; dopth altuiit 3^, tho muhm «leep«r than fuinaleH. D. IX, 12; A.
Ill, 11; Hciiles 2-24-9. Anterior prolile of Lead parabolic'; preorbital vtuy
deep, its depth i the head; eyi near top cT head, its diameter not k
depth of preorhital; anterior prcO!;. ot the liead more or loaH trencliaiit;
uanally a hiiio vertical bar on <>ach Hcale. Head in niah) with blue vertical
Btripen; ii blaiilioccUiia larger than eye at Itase of caudal, JiiHt below latoml
line, none on doraal (in ; 3 concentrif, blue, curved lines on flap of opcrdo ;
3 narrow bine lines acroHH ch<^ek; a vioh't verticttl line on baseof eadi
scale; lower Jaw with nnnwrons lines; finspalo, nnniai'ked; female plain
lijrht brown, without inarkin^B on head or body. A very handsome spt'cios
known fnmi nnineroiis specimens, the original tyjics and others, t-olh'ctcil
by Mr. .loliii Xantiis at Cape 8aii fjiirns; not yet seen elsewhere, {miiiidin,
neat; cepa, head.)

Xijnehthyiimundicepi,(Uu.,Vriw.Ar. Nat. Muh.Si-J. IMilla. 1802, l4:i.CapeSan Lucas(('oll.

XuntUM); .loKliAN &(iiuiKl(T,Pro(!. U.S. Nat. MuH. 1882, . '167: Jordan, Review Lalimiij

FmheH,<)eo, IHflU.
Novaeiila wtundtccjw. <H'Ntiier, (Jat., iv, 172, 1H02.

2020. XYUM'IITIIVH l>NITTArrM (LinntrnB).

(RA7.(>KFI8H.)

Head 3i; depth 3|. D. IX, 12; A. Ill, 11; scales 3-26 or 27-8; eye 5.i in
head, very Hmall and close to the profile; depth of preorbital, from eye tu
angle of head, 2i^j in bead; length of cheek nmch less than i its height.
Body oblong, very strongly coinpreHsed ; profile very steep ; the jaws equiil,
the canines^; pectorals reaching past tips o::'veiitrals; caudal rounded ; a
few embedded s(;al(>s under eye; lateral line with the tubes simple. Color
rose red or brownish, with a blue vertical streak on each scale; vertical
blue streaks on the head; side of body with a ditlnse silvery area below
and behind the pectoral fin, often wanting or disappearing inspirits; scales
below this area with poarly vertical streaks; males (in life, always) with
a dark-red cross shade behind pectorals, this disappearing in spirits; dor-
sal immaculate; anal with ob1i([ue violaceous streaks; caudal with 6 or 8
dark cross streaks. West Indies, rather comiiion, north to Pensacola and
CharleBt«m, south to Hahia. Length 15 inches; a handsome species, per-

Jordan and F.vcnnann. — Fishes of North Anurica, 1019

linpH not tlidtiiK't froiii thf rnzor-llHli ( Xyriihthyn'' nnrarula liinninin) of tliu
MflditorraiHmn. {ilnrraxDi, ixirmt.)

t'oriii>l>ieita pHtlaeuii,^ I.inn^i-h, Synt. Niit., Kil. xii, 44H, ITflO, Charleaton. (Cull. Dr.

Iiuril«<ii.)
XiirirhlhfiH imHaeu», <i<m>|)B.V Hkan, Troc. ('. S, Nat. Mim. 1HH4, ir)i IHriri, loft (null) on typo

of Coriii>hif)ia piillaeu») \ IlK.AN, lliiil. IJ. S. FImIi Coiiiiii. IHH8. 2U'.>.
Ciiiijiliifna liumtit, (}mki,in, Synt. Niil., llUf), 17HH, Charleaton. (Coll. Dr. Canlon.)
XiiriehlhyH veutmluii, I'oKY. Ktiiniii'riitlo, 110, IH7&, Martinique; HiibHtitiittt lor A*, lineatim,

Ci'VIKH iV. VaI.RNCIK.NNI'.H, MUplHIMOll to lie ilitri^rtMit fntiu \. (t>ti-a^tM ol' OMRI.IN; IIkan>

Hull. r. S. I'InIi Cointii. 1HH8, u'UO.
XitriehthiiM lineatut, CiviKii & Valknciknnrh, ]llHt. Nut. I'oIbh., xiv, BO, IHIIQ; JniiitAN A

riii.iiKliT, I'ron. 11. S. Nitt. Miia. 1H82,UU0; .Ioiidan Jk lill.iiRiiT, SynopHln, flun, IHtfll.
.Snvaeiila lineala, (llt.NTHKU, (Jut., IV, 171, IHtW.
Xlirielilhin verMieulatiiii, I'okv, MitiiioriiiM, ii, 'Jl.'i, 1800, Havana ((Joll, ru«\v) ; •Iokdan A.

OiUtRUT, .SyiiopHlH, OOS, 1H83 i llEAN, Bull. Fltli Comm. 1888, 202.

SU»». XVRIOIITilYM NOItKNTlIN, Pooy.

ITeminf, in totnl with cantliil; (lo))th 4^. D. IX, 12; A. Ill, 11; hcrIos
2H-30-10. Hody and head very nmch oonipreNHod; eye lliiil, rontainod 0
tiiiieH in dintancu from tlio nioutli to tliu point of tli« opnrolo, 3 in nnont.
XoHcaleHon licad. Kirnt ray of dorual struuKer tlian the others; caudal
triinoat«\ Color carinini* hiko; In-own poaturiorly; opurclo grooniHli
yeilow; Iioad witli r» blaclt vertical liaiuls; a di>op-rod band iu axial cov-
ering base of pectoral ; linH i)ale, scarcely Htreaked ; iriured. Diilera from
nriiiioulataa in truncate <;audal, buignr pectoral, fewer stripeH on head, and
abHcnce of streaks on trunk; the Hpace behind pectoral rod instead of
brown. Cuba. (]*ooy) ; not seen by us; evidently very close to \.p»itta<uiii,
of which it in probably a color variation. {modtrntnH, inodeHt.)

Xiiriclithi/s madentuit, PoKV, Kojiortorio, ii, 'JUS, 1807, Havana (('oil. IVnty) ; Tory, SynopsiH,
.'130,1808; Jordan, Koview Labroiil FIhIius, 001,1890.

645. INIISTIUS, Gill.

/(uwriiM.GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philn. 1802, 143 (pavo).
Xiiriehlhyt, Blkkkkk, Atliis liilitli., 149, 1802 (pavo); not of CrviER.

* Wo have cuiiipiircd iiimiktoiih HprulnieUH from I'ensnooln nnd Charleston, with all the
(h'Hcription.s available of the Mediterranean Hpecies, aud can tin<l no dirt'erenoo whatever.
Wo are, however, uiiwilliu);; to place A', psittaeut in the oynonyniy of A', nuvacula without
ai'tual conipariHun of specinienH. TheHO Charleston Hpet^iuieni* seem to represent the ptit-
taeua of Linnaeus and the Unrata of Guielin. The vermieulatuu of Pooy aeenis to be the
same, as is also, incur opinion, his vemist.ua {linealui, (.'uvier \- Valencieiines). The white
peritoneal blotch of venuttus is evident on some of our specimens and not on others. If
the synonymy be corre<^t, this ra/.or-tisli would have a distribution unusually wide for a
Labroid. Dr. Itean ailniits, provisionally, X. pitittaeug and X. vermiciilatn» as species dis-
tinct from the connuon American form, for which he retains the name X.venu»tnii. As,
however, the types of X. pnttactm came from Charleston, they bdonj;, ^trobably, to the
species with the pale lateral blotch, ti>e only ..pecies yet found in that region.

t The following is the synonymy of Xyrichtht/s nor'acula (Linnteus) :
Cortiphwna palmaria pulchrevaria, (hyr»o aeuto, Aktkdi, Genera, 15, 1738; Artkdi, Syno-

nymia, 29, 1738.
Con/phivnn novacula, LiNNiEUS, Syst. Nat., E<l. x, 202, 1758 ; after Artrdi.
Xyi-iehthys novacula, Juruan, Review Labroid Fishes 080. 1890.
.1 m(>rphocephalu.i granulatux, Jlowuicii, Exc. Madeira. 238, 1825, Bona Vista.
Corypliti-na liiuoldta, Uakinesque, Caratteri, 33, 1810. Palermo.
Xyiiehthys citltratus, CrviKii & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 37, pi. 391, 1839,

Martigues, Montpelier, Ivica, Seide.
Novacula cuUrata, GUntueu, Cat., iv, 109, 1802.

■'iBt^

ii-

^^Mk

1020 Hulhthi 47, United States National Mmnim.

Fimt 2 tloi'Hiil HpiiK'H <li<t»oli«<l from tlin otlitMN uiitl iiiHerted on or rlniio
hohiiid till* (x-i'ipiit; nniiiuN lni-K<S iihiiiit, 2tl in th» lutornl lino; liiteriil lino
on tlio Herontl row of Inrt^e Hi'itloa bolow the iloraal Hheiith. Thin (^^niiiN
flontiiiiiH Motne ft «>r H spetiios, liiielly of tliu woHterii I'liuillr. Th«>,v ww
Riiiiiliir in most ri^NpuctM to thn typicnl HpeoicH of Xjirirhthyn, (Utforini;
I'hieliy in liiivin){ tho 2 antorior HpinrH of tliu <loi-HaI fin proilncod, loparuti-ii
from tlie oUkth, nml pln«o<l tin n H4<pnrut<> tin on the niipo. {iviov, uapn;
itirtoy, Huil, in nlluHion to tho tirHt dorHnl tin on tliu na|io.)

i.M»!ll. INIIMTIIIN MIINDirORIMIN, illll.

IIoiul »| ; (loptli 2i|. D. Il-Vir, 12; A. Til, 12; eye 6 to 7 in bead, snont
2Ji ; tirHt tlliimontoiiM (loi-Htil Hpin» nearly an long as benil; pectoral eipinlH
ventral, nearly 2; HcaloH 2-2H-11, IWxly deep, compreNHed, tlio profile very
Hteep; the lirst 2 doraal Hpinen lonj; and tilamentoiia, not connected with
the other HpincB, the longcHt spine »l>out H in head and 4^ in body; height
of head cipuil to its length; anterior profile steep and broadly curved,
vaninuHj; a rihju; of deeply embedded Mcales aronnd posterior margin (»f
orbit, head otherwiwe naked; sealen on nape deeply embedded; 3 broad
bars of dark olive on the l>ack and Hides, thcHO bars nearly as wide as the
interspaceH ; moHt of the scaloH o'.' the back and sidi h with it vortical li^ht-
bluiHh Htripe; in the middle of the first dark band are 1 or 2 NcaleH
of a ditlurent color, the posterior half of each Jet-black, the base li^ht
blue; dorsal with narrow dark striiies rnnning obliqnely downward antl
backward; anal pale; a c<mHpi(!non8 light horizontal stripe near the tipH
of rays; a narrower similar stripe near the middle of the fin; bluish
elouds on opercle; vertical palc-blne stripes below eye, a faint dusky
streak below eyt< ; female ]ialer, plain yellowish or brownish; dorsal with
several oblique bars between its rays. Rocky iHlands on the Pacific coast
of Mexico. The original typos of this species (females), and afterwards
some other specimens, have been sent to the United States National
Museum from Cape San liUcas. Specimens have also been taken on tho
west coast of Mexico by Dr. Gilbert. Length 8 inches. This very han«l-
somo species uuk^Ii resembles tho type of the gi^nus, Inilatiua paro, of tho
Hawaiian Islands, {miindua, neat; corpus, body.)

Iniutius Mundieorpitt, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nnt. Bet. Pliiln. 1862, 145, Cape San L.uca» ; JonnAN

Review Liiliioid Fisht^s, 062, 1890.
Ifovaeula mundicorpiis, Joudan, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Mim. 1882, 367 ; Jouiian, {. c, 1885, 384.

FamilvCLXI. SCARID^.

(T/iE Parrot Fishes.*)

Body oblong, moderately compressed, covered with large cycloid scales
as ill the Labndw. Mouth moderate, terminal. Teeth in the jaws more
or less ooalescent, at least at base; lower x>haryngeals much enlarged,

*Iii Cuba, tho naiiMi Yieja (Old Wife) is applied to nil the dull colored parrot tishes:
that of Loroia the f^reeii and bine form h : Quacamaia to those with {;i'e4;n tdeth, IIipmu
beinii called I'errien in Mexico. Loro, I'errico, and Ouacatnaia are the names applied to
parrots. The small species with dark Intoral streaks aw known as Jtullon.

ilf

Jordan and Evcrmann. — fUhcs of North AmaUa. lOUl

tii)ito«l in II ('onravo oi fponii-Hliii|)(Hl body, thi^lr tooth hroiMle»«t trniinvorHoly
iin<l triinnito, iirriiiiKtMl in inoitaio; ilorHul fontiiiiionii, itn foriiiiilii iiHiiitliy
|\, 10; iiiitil riiyH II, {); 2:{ to 25 nrnloH in tlio liiteral line; v<'rh>l»rii' iihoiit
11 -f- 14 - 2r>. HoxoH Nimilarily rolorod, Mir ooloration alniont alwayn hril-
liiint; Hn rayH oHHt-ntially tlio Bamo thronKlioiit tlio Ki'<Hi|t, tlio Hi|iiaiiiation
\aryinK littlo fxcopt on tlio lioail. OoneraT; H|>oci««R al)out 110; of tlio
tropical HoaH, ONpeoially aluiiiilnnt about uoral roolk. lIorbivoroiiH IIrIm'h,
ol'ton of lar;;o hI/.o, not valiioil an tboil, tlio lloali boiii;; noft and panty. Tlio
sporioH in tlio vnrioiiM ^onora iiro vory oloaely lolatod, boiiiK dintinKuiHht'd
cliiolly by tho roloration and tlio dentition, both hofIoh of oltaraotorH bein^
liiKhly Hpociali/od. Wo bo^iii tho ^roiip with tiio inoHt ){oiiorali/,«>d ^joniiH,
tlio one noaroHt tho l.iibroid anceHtorH of the •Sraridd'. (^Labndtv Svurhiu,
(iilnther, Cat., 1V,308 to ^10.)

Si'AHIBOMATINil'.r

a. Lower pbaryiifcenl lironilnr tlinn lonK, tlnttlHli or 1>aAlnM)inp4Ml ; Kill inenihniiioM

ItruaiUy Joined to llie IrIIiiiiiix, not loniiing at'olil noroHit it : liit«i'iilliii« Hiiltrontin-

uoui; McaiuH ulioiit huiiil l«-w mill liirf{*N tliimo on t!iO rlifok in I row; lower

Jaw projeiittii^t: toetli wliitinli or rimy.

b. DoPHul itplnuH tl(txil>l«; tu<>tli iiioroor loHH ili«tio<-t, lit Inist iintrriorly.

0. Tevtii 111 r..i-ti Juw ill tVw HttriiiM, not iiiiliriratnl or i|iiiiiniiixi littt-riil tortli

of oacli Jaw coiileHcont in n iiiorti orleHH i-ontlniioiiit <Mittiii(( <'iIk<', tlm

toetli inoro frou anteriorly anil not ndnalo to tliu dental plate.

Cuvn()TOMrfl,046.

ee. T<<otli In eaoli Jaw in :i or 4 HxrioH, all inil>riratcd in iiuiiiciinx ordor on

tho dontal pinto, to whicli tluty ar^- udnate 1)y tho poHtorior fare; <;iit-

tlnK ('dj{e ot«>ai'h Jaw t'oriuf^d by teeth. Calotomi's, 047.

bb. Dorsal spinoit atilV, pungent; teeth of npper Jaw at Icoat more or leaa coalea-

<!ont.

d. Teeth of eac^li Jaw cliiotly coaleHcoiit, tlio Jaws divided l»y a rather iiidlH-

tinct median Hiitiire. KrAuisoMA, 048.

S(;ARIN/K :

aa. Lower pharyiif{oal apoon-Hliapud. ninch lonf(or than broad; teeth of JawN fully coa-
lesced, each Jaw divided liy a distinct median suture; gill niembranes forniinf;
a fold across the IsthniUR ; dorsal spines tie xiblo; lateral line interrupted liehiud,
bcKinning again lower down on the peduncle of the tail; Hcithm about head
rather numerouH, those on cheeks in 1! or more series; lower Jaw iiu'Juiled.

•. Teetl' and Jaws whitish or rosy in <Mdor. Scakum, 64V.

ee. Teeth and Jaws blue or bluish green. rHBUuoHCAitus, 050.

[i

646. CRYPTOTOMUS, (ope.

CalUodon, CuviBit, Utgno Animal, Kd. If, Vol. 2, 266, 1820 {spinitieim) ; not CalliMUm of

(iKONow, nor of Bi,o('H & ScnNBiuBR, which is Scar us.
Oallyodon, (Uivikb &. VALENriENNEs, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 285, M'Mdpinnlenii, mtiit, etc.).
Crypotomu*, Topk, Trans. Am. Phil. Soo. 1871, 462 (ro$eus).

Lower pbaryuoala, upper pharyngeals, iHtbmns, and lateral line pre-
cisely as ill Spariaoma; lateral teeth of upper jaw coalescent into a more
or less continuous cutting edge, the teeth more separate anteriorly ; free
posterior canines often present ; anterior teeth separate or coalescent at
baso only; lower jaw with a single serios of ]»artly coalescent tooth lat-
erally, and 2 or more series of nearly Bejtarate teeth anteriorly; median
suture of jaws not evident externally; dorsal spines Hexible; jaws siib-
oi^ual ; scales about head large, a single row on cheek, 4 or 5 on median

1622 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

line before dorsal. Species nuuieruus, of sinali si/.e, mostly of dull or
olivaceouH ooloratiou. This geuiis is closely related to S}^ar\6oma, difl'eriu;;
from it in having the anterior teeth nearly separate at all ages and in hav-
ing the dorsal spines flexible, as in Scarun. The dentition approaches
that of a very young Sparisoma. This genus has been gonerally known as
Callyodon. The genus Calliodon of Gronow and of Hloch &, Schneider wjih.
however , based on a species which apparently belongs to the genus Scarici
The name was transferred by C'uvier from the type of Scams crokrnsis to
the present group. This transfer is inadmissible in our view, and the
name Calliodon should not be used for the genus. Cnlhjodon, variant
spelling of the same word, is also inadmissible. The name Cryptotomux
was proposed by Cope for a fish having the "dentition of Calli/odon, but
with the numerous dorsal and anal spines of the group of Ifarpe." The
fin rays are given D. XI, 8; A. Ill, 8. The numbers in all known specicH
of Scariiur are 1). IX, 10; A. Ill, 9 (8). We find on exaniin.ation of the
original type of Cryptotomim that Professor Cope has mistaken 2 of the
(broken) soft rays of the dorsal and 1 of the anal for spinea. The differ-
ence between spines and soft rays in this group is very slight. We there-
fore regard Cryptotomita as a synonym of Callyodon Cuvier, and the latter
name being ineligible, wo adopt Cryptotomua as the name of the genus.
(;i/'pf7rro5, hidden; ro//ds,cuttiag (teeth).)

a. PoHtorior canines normally present (occaHionally wanting; un oneaiileor both in soinr
species).
6. Lateral teeth of lower jaw arranged in a'sories continuous witii the anterior

tcetli, thus:

\iaw

c. Snout long and sharp, 2 in head, the profile somewliat unevenly convex ;
upper lip double only jiosteriorly ; posterior canines 2, strong, recurved

UENT1EN8, aOU'J.

cc. Snout Bhortish, its length (measured along the axis) nearly 3 in head; pio-

fllo strongly convex al)ove eye, thence nearly straight to tip of snout ;

posterior <;anine usually single, very strong. HETRAOTUt;, 2();)H.

66. Lateral teeth of lower jaw suhequal, arranged in 2 rows which are not parallel.

the posterior teeth of the anterior series standing below and outside the

Hl^

anterior teeth of the posterior series, thus :

d. Posterior canine usually preceded by 2 or 3 smaller ones ; upper lip double

for its whole length. usxus, 20;i4.

dd. Posterior canine usually single, sometimes wanting; teeth otherwise

much as in C. ustttii, the anterior canines seialler; upper lip not

double for its whole length. a-l'kopunctati«, 2035

act. Posterior canines none; lateral teeth in each jaw suboqual, those of the lower jav

larger than those of the upper and forming a continuous series.

e. Teeth of outer (anterior) series in upper jaw few, small, not t-anine like, scarcolv

ditfereiit from the lateral teeth; lower jaw without enlarged teeth; upper

lip doable for it? entire course, the inner fold very narrow mesially , body

moderately elongate, the depth 3^ in length ; head 3J ; snout rather sharp.

2J in head; profile gently curved, Tiot steep; dianuiter of eye 4 J in head, U

in its distance from the angle of the n<outh; caudal subtruncate. Color

olive gray, much mottled, sides with faint longitudinal whitish stripes;

head with some greenish spots; tins pale, mottled with olive.

UERVLLINUS, 2U36.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1623

ee. Troth of anterior series in iip|>er,jaw loiij^, eaiiiue-like, directed forward, Hep-
arate to their bam'Ki; lower ,jaw with itit anterior tooth long and mime what
cunino-liko; HoaloH of hreaHt and belly considerably enlarged, 3 scales
before ventrals, 5 before dorrtal ; body Hlender, elongate, little conipressed,
the depth \\ in length; bead \\\\ oyn large, about 5 in head, more than \
snout i Huoiit very Hliarp, tho prolile Htraigbt to above eye; caudal trun-
cate; H»i.ii;'s of dorsal long and very tloxilile. Coloration nearly plain rosy
purple, with 4 dark cnms sbadoH; the back vaguely barred; caudal barred
with darker, a diHtiuct blackish axillary H]iot; lower tins ])ale, ]>robably
yellow in life. roseuh, 'iMM.

20!»2. <'KVl>T4»T0Mi:s l»K\TIK\N (^<'^y).

Hentl 3.^; (lepth 3.V; Hnoiit long iiiul Hliarp, 2 in luttul, th<> protile sonic-
wliat unoveuly convex; nitpcr lip double only posteriorly; poHtt-rior
caniueH 2, strong, recurved; anterior ciinines strong; tcctli of lower jaw
not very une<inal, tho anterior teeth a litth^ longer than the middle ones,
tlio posterior teeth little eularfj;ed. Lateral teeth of lower .jaw arranged
ill a series continuous with tho anterior teeth. Fins rather high; eye
'i\ in heatl. Color in alcohol, olivacp<>"s, tho fins much mottled, the sides
of the body with conspicuous pale spots; in life, "greenish, the scales
yeilow at base, their edg&s bliiiah; vertical fins whitish, with rosy ver-
tical spots; caiid!'.! wine color, with bluish vertical markings." Cuba;
jipparently .are. Hero described from a specimen sent by I'oey to the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. (f7<'«<ien8, developing teeth.)

I'nlUndon dentient, I'OEY, Menioriaa, ii, 422, 1861, Cuba (Coll. Poey); Toey, Knuinoratio,

115, 1875.
Criiptotomtis dentiens. Jo'JDAN, Keview Labroid FishoH, 665, 1890.

, i

30»8. niYI'TOTOMI S KKTUAt^TI'S (I'oey).

Head 'M; depth 3. D. IX, 10; A. Ill, 9; eye fi in liead; snottt 2^^; jiec.
ionil IJ ; highest dorsal spine 2J^; scales 2-23-«i. Profile strongly convex
iibovo eye, thence nearly straight to tip of snout; posterior canine usually
single, very strong; anterior canines 2 on each side, divergent, directed
forward and outward; lateral teeth of lower jaw very unequal, the pos-
terior i"ucli larger than those i»ear the middleof the sideof the jaw, which
are wholly coalescent; distance of eye from angle of mouth about twice
its diani<?ter; upper lip double for its whole length; gill rakers short and
sharp, about 4 -|- 6; caudal truneato; pectorals reacaing past ti]»8 of v;mi-
trals, which retich about midway from their base to vent. Origin of
ventral spine under anterior end of pectoral base. Color in spirits, olive
jfreen, each scale with a faint brown central blotch ; head nearly plain;
vertical fins greenish, blotched with brown, the membranes of tho first
2 spines blackish. West Indies, north to Peusacola; known to us from
2 specimens — 1 from Havana, the other from Pensacola. Our identifica-
tion is somewhat doubtful, as Poey says that the upper lij) is double
posteriorly only, {retractus, drawn back.)

Culliodon retractus, Poey, SynojiHis, 345, 1868, Havana (Coll. Poey); Poey, Enuraerutio,

116, 1875.
Cnjpti}tomr» dentiens, Jokban, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 45 ,...,1 :''7; not of Poey.
Cryptolomxt,* retractun, Joudan, Ueviow Labroid Fishesi, 065, 1890.

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1624 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

2084. CBYPT«T0JIU8 USTtIS (Cuvi.T &. Val.'ii.'i(Miiie8).

Head about 3i ; depth 3. I). IX, 9; A, II, 8; scales 1^-21-6. IJody rnod-
(^ately elongated, coiiipresaud. Mead rather pointed ; luterul teeth of lo\V( r
Jaw Bubeqiial, arranged in 2 rows which arc not parallel, the posteridi-
teeth of the anterior series standing below and outside the anterior teeth
of th«» posterior series. Posterior canine usually proccdtsd by 2 or '^ .sinalln
ones; upper lip double for its whole leugth; profile slightly convex above
eye and somewhat concave before it ; snout long, 2]^ in head ; distance iioin
eye to angle of mouth 3 in head, and 25^ times diameter of eye; eye small.
0| in head; anterior canines about 4 on each side, strong and divergent;
lower teeth larger than in other species. Color in spirits, olive gray, with
irregular marblings of slaty gray; 1 ditfuse dark blotches along base oi
dorsal; dorsal olive, finely mottled with dark cross lines, the membrane
of the first 2 spines black; caudal and anal i)lain olive. West Indies,
north to Charleston, south to Bahia; rather common. We have examined
specimens of this species from Kio Jiinoiro, Pensacola, and Charleston, a.s
well as the original type from lira/il.* (ustux, scorched, from the color.)

OallyodoHuttus, CrviER& Valenciknnks, Hist. Nat. Poisa., xiv, 280, 1839, Brazil; (li'.NTHEn
Cat., IV, 214, 1862; GuicHENOT, Scariiles, 59, 1865 (note on types) ; Jordan cfc Gilbeut,
Synopsis, 606, 1883; JoiiOAN, Procj. V. S. Nat. Miis. 1886, .')4I (note on type).

Oiiptotoinvt utttis, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mus. 1886, 228; Jordan, Keview Labroid
Fisliea, 666, 1890.

20»6. t'llYPTOTOJIUS AUROl'UNCTATIS (Ciivier & ValencieiiuesV

Head 3; depth 3. D. IX, 10; A. 11,9; scales 24. Lateral teeth of lower
jaw subetjual. I'osterior canine usually single, sometintes wanting; teeth
otherwise much as in C, uatus, the anterior canines smaller; upper lip not
double for its whole length; snout sharp, the front not steep; snout 2'i in
head; eye 5. Color in life ''greenish, with small gilt spots arranged in
oblique irregular bands (m the vertical fins; a yellowish line from eye to
mouth, and others on side of head." San Domingo. Known only from
the original types t examined by us in the muset m at Paris, (aiirum, gold ;
jynnctatuH, dotted.)

Callyodon auropiinctatv*, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 290, 1830, San
Domingo; GCnther, Cat., iv, 214, 1862; CJcichenot, Scarides, 60, 1865 (note on type);
Jordan, Proe,. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 542 (note on tyi)e).

Cruptotomvs anropvnctahts, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886,228; Jordan, Koview
Labroid Fislies, 666, 1890.

♦Wo liave tlie following note on the type of Callyodon ugtiis: "A drie<l skin somewlir'
distorted; 0.23'" Ion;;. Brazil. (Delalahtte.) Color all laded. Lower later.il teeth ver\
regularly arranged; some teeth not dissimilar outside ol" these in front. Lower teelli
growing rather stronger backward. Ii'pper lateral teeth very tine and even, close set.
One canine near middle of jaw turned outward and backward.' No other canines evident
on left side; right side broken."

tWe li.avo the following notes on the typaa of Callyodon auropiinctatus: "In fair con-
dition; O.l?"" long; from S.an Domingo. (Kicord.) Body rather elongate; the snoiil
sharp, the front not steep. Ey8 5inliea<l; snout 21); head 3; depth 3. Teeth on edge of
each .jaw regular, those of lower Jaw twice as large, the front .series standing outsidt; of
the lateral series. LTpner ,jaw with 1 strong canine hooked outward and b.ickward, a
little behind the middle of its side. Anterior canines small, those of the lower .jaws
scarcidy unlike the ordinary teeth. Upper lip not double for its whole length. The otiicr
specimen, 0. 13"" long, also irom San Domingo, numtioued by Cuvier, lacks the posterior
canine, but seems to be otherwise similar.

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1025

2086. ("BYPTOTOJirS BKRVMJMJS, Jordan and Sunin.
Head 3^ (3i| with caiuliil); depth 3j^ (4j^); eye 4^ in head; snont 2J.

D.

IX, 10; A. II, J(; wrah's 2A-24-(). Body iium^ elongat*' than in ndatt'd spc-
(ioH, ronipresscd. Jaws ]>uh', tho median wntniv not t'vidcTit; n-ntral
liortion of ««u<;h tooth with a leddish-brown spot. Upper jaw laterally
with a '.'ontiniums cntting i'd<;e of coalesced t»'cth, this edge t'vcn along
(he middle of the ,ja\v and Homewhat senaiie posteriorly; anteriorly the
cutting edg»' gives place to abont 2 series of lanceolate, rather obtuse, com-
pressed teeth, which coalesce at has*' only; no posterior canines in any of
(hi^ many spei-iniens examined; lower jaw laterally with a series of com-
pressed teeth, coalescent for a short distance and close set ; in front are 2 or
;; series similar to thos«' in the upper jaw. Jaws subequal, the lower very
slightly included; upper lip doable for almost its entire length, its inner
Ibid narrow inesially, the lip covering most of the upper jaw. Isthmus
moderate, the gill membranes not forming a fold across it. Snout rather
acute; cheek with »■ single row of about 5 scales; 4 or 5 scales on the
median lino before uorsal. Lateral line subcontinuous, its tubes each
with 4 branches, which cover most of the scale. Dorsal spines very slen-
der, not pungent; caudal fin slightly rounded, its outer rays 1^ in head;
jiectorals reaching past tips of ventrals, which reach midway between
their base and front of anal; origin of ventral spine directly under ante-
rior end of pectoral base. Lower pharyngeals formed exactly as in Spari-
soma, not quite twice as broad as long, the surface slightly concave. Color
in life, olive green or olive gray, mottled above with darker and small
whitish bhttches; some whitish blotches above lateral line; some ahnig
lateral line, a row of 5 or 6, smaller than pupil, in a straight line below
lateral line; 5 or 6 faint greenish blotch-like areas along sides; 2 or 3
narrow, parallel whitish stripca more or less distinct along lower parts of
side bordered with brownish, tho upper running from below eye straight
to middle of caudal, the lower passing just below pectoral; some whitish
bands radiating from eye ; usually some dark-green spots before and behind
eye ; top of head vermiculated and dotted with black ; a brown band a«ross
chin ; dorsal pale, mottled with olive; a dusky blotch on front of dorsal ;
caudal greenish, edged with brown, its outer rays barred with Itrown and
light olive, speckled and barred with brown ; ventrals pale, faintly barred
with brown; pectorals pale; ventral fins in adult edged with light brown-
ish red. The whitish lines of sides become fainter with age. In s])irits
the brown coloration gives plac*- to grayish or greenish, each seah^ often
with a grotuiish blotch. Length 6 inches, l-'lorida Keys; occasionally
north to Mew Jersey, south to Rio .Janeiro; connnon about Key West on
nm.ldy bottoms. A single si)ccimen secured in the market at Havana, 5^
inches in length, where Poey seems not to have noticed the species. A
specimen from Rio Janeiro has the anteri<u- profile steeper and the eye
smaller, 51 in head. We have examined the young specimen described
and figured by Dr. liean as " ISjxtrisoma xp." from Somers Point, New Jersey.
It is idtntical with young specimens of Cry plot emus heryllirua from Key
West. The occurrence of this tropical fish at a point so far to the north-
ward is surprising. {berylUnus, color of beryl or emerald.)
3030 25

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1026 DuUctin 47, United Slates National Museum. .

CnjptiittnnuH bert/lliniit, Jordan & Swain, Proc. I'. 8. Nat. Muh. 1884, 101, Havana; Key
West (TvpcH, NoH. a'lOO? niid 3,'>ir!2. Coll. I). S. Jordan)-, Johuan, I.e., 137; Jouhan
J'roc. V. 8, Nut. Mu8. 1880, 48; JouDAN, 1886,228; JonnAN, U«iviow Lnbrohl Fishes, Cdn
' 1890.

fSpariiioma «p., Hean, Bull. U. S. Fish Coiiini. 1888, 1U7, Somers Point, New Jersey; .voiiii;;

H]H!CilllCn.

2037. rRYPTOTOMI'S RONEI'N, Cope.

llviid 31 ; depth 41. D. IX, 9; A. Ill, 9; c.vo 5 in 1 cud; niont 3f ; scale s
l,t-2r>-0. Liitcnil teeth in each jaw Hnhoquiil, iho^v «ii the h)wer jaw
liiifjcr than tho.sc of the upper and forming; a contiifuous series. Teotli ui
anterior series in upper jaw lonj>;, canine-like, directed forward, separato
to th<'ir hases; h»wer jaw with its anterior teeth long and sonu^whai,
cuuine-like; upper lip double* for all its length; scales of hreast imkI
belly c«ui8iderably (-nlarged, 3 scales before ventrals, 5 before dorsal;
body slender, elongate, little compressed; eye large, uaoi'c than ^ snout;
snout very sharp,, the ])rofil«' straight to above eye. Caudal truncate;
spines of dorsal long and very flexible; pectorals reaching past tips di
ventrals ; origin of ventral spine under middle of pectoral base. Coloration
nearly plain ("rosy purple" according to Cope), with 4 dark cros>
shades; the back vaguely barred; caudal barred with darker, a distinct
blackish axillary spot; lower flns pale, probably yellow in life. West,
Indies, south to IJrazil; apparently rare. Of this 8i)ecies we have exam
ined the ori.-rinal type iu the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences
at Philadelphia, and 3 smaller specimens taken by the Albatroiis at Bahia
It is the most slender of all the Scarida:. (roseus, rosy.)

Cruptotomng rogevt, Cope, Trans. Am. Thil. Soc, xin, 1869, 462, St. Martins (Coll. Dr
Van Ki,ijj;er8ina) : Joiidan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mn.s. 1885, 545 (note on typo); Jobuan,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1880, 228; Joudan, Review Labroid Fishes, 666, 1890.

647. CALOTOMUS, (Jilbert.

Calotomus, Gii.beut, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mas. 1890, 70 (xeiiodon).

Teeth distinct, equal, imbricated in re^^nlar obliqut* rows in both j.iws,
wh<dly <'oncealing the dental plat(>8 to the anterior edge of which they
are aflixed. Cntting edge of each jaw formed by the outer teeth, tlio
dental plate not reaching the edge, and visible only from within. Lips
double for a short distance only. Scales of cheek in 1 row; lateral
line continuous; bases of dorsal and anal with scaly shc^aths; dcnsal
spines 9, soft and flexible; gill membranes broadly joined to the isthmus.
This genus is based on a large Scaroid of the eastern Pacific, allied to
Crjiptotomus, but diftering in the arrangement of the teeth. Some of tli(
East Indian species referred by Bleeker to Valliodon may belong to Caloto-
mus. {HixXoi, beautiful; ro//d?, cutting.)

20iJ8. CALOTOMUS XE>'ODO\, (lilbert.

Hoad3i; depth 2*. D. IX, 10; A. Ill, 9; scales lf-25-7. Body deep
compressed, snout short and convex, 2* in head; interorhital width I

* In our specimens ; double on sides only according to Cope.

Jordau and Evcrniann. — Fishes of North Amciica. 1027

maxillary 3J ; oyo 2Jr in snout. Teeth pointed, iiiibrirated in <inin<'niix
iiiilor, both tii)H iiiul edj^es wliolly free, tlie anterior fact' convex, the pos-
terior fa<'(^ alone udnate to the d«-ntal plati*; of equal si/.o and similar in
I)(>th.jaw8, there boinf; 3 or 4 teeth in an obliquo cross serieH anteriorly,
;il»out 12 of these, series in the upper Jaw, and M in the lower; 2 teeth in
the upper jaw atthean^^le of the mouth are conical aud (Mirved downward
;ind backward. Scales on cheek in a single series, 3 or 4 in number; 4
•Hiiiies on median line before the dorsal fin, the anterior «)ne encroaching
nn occiput; s<'ales on breast not reduced, 3 on median line before ventrals,
II series of scales between lateral line and dorsal, the \ series forminj;
a sheath alouf; base of tin. Dorsal spines rather hi};h and llexible, tho
(iiif^in of the tin over base of pectorals; 4-audal dee]>ly luinite, the outer
I ays produced, ^ bmger than tho middle rays, 1^ in head ; none of the ven-
tral rays ehmgate, the tin reaching about halfway to vent, \\ in head;
pectorals with wide oblique base, the free margin of fin somewhat
/-shaped, tho upper angle acute, the lower rounded, the longest ray IJ^ in
lie id; origin of ventral spine under middle of pectoral base. Color mot-
tled silvery, slaty, and brown, without detinito pattern; top of head and
snout dusky; pectorals black at base; ventrals dusky at tip; dorsal and
anal black on basal half, mottled distally; caudal mottled, narrowly
edged behind with white. Two specimens from Socorro Islan<l, the long-
est 14 inches long. (Gilbert.) (|fV 05, strange; oSovg, tooth.)

( idotoimiB xenodon, (iiLnERT, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mua. 1890, 70, Socorro Island (Coll. Alba-
tross) I JoHDAN, Review Labroid FiMlies, 0G7, 1890.

648. SPARISOMA, Swainson.

(V1E.IAS.)

S}iarisoma, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class. Fishes, «'tc., n, 227, 1830 (ahililgaardi).

Si'arus, Bleickkk, Versl. Aknd. "Wot. Amsterdam, xn, Scaroid, 3, 1861 (cretensis; not of

Forskal).
/.».9cor«s, Jordan &. Kveumann, Check-List, 416, 1806 (crctensix).

Lower pharyngeal broader than long, snbhexagonal, its surface mo<ler-
ately concave or tlattish; teeth in each jaw largely coalesceut in adult,
their tips more or less separate in the young, tho edge, especially of the
lower jaw, remaining uneven ; the ujcdian suture in each jaw present, but
not well defined; 1 to 4 radiating canines sometimes present on each side
of upper jaw above its cutting edge; * gill membi-anes broadly united to
t be isthmus ; dorsal spines pungent ; upper lip double for its entire length ;
lower jaw projecting beyond upper; lateral line not interrupted, passing
uradually from its row of scales posteriorly to the series next below it;
tubes of lateral line much branched; scales about head large, those on
t heek in a single row, those on the median lino in front of dorsal 3 or 4 in
number. Species of rather small si/.e, most of them American; some of
them showily colored, Spuriyjma cietennia (Linna-us) the )Searus {6Hdpoi)
of the ancients is the only nember of this family found in Europe. It is

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* In some species having normally 1 or more canine teeth, some or all of them arc
occasionally absent, on one or both sides.

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1028 Ihillctin /7, United Stales National Museum.

m

an ally of Sparisoma Jtarencen8. Wc begin the group with tho smallcsi
and uioHt gt-neralized fornm, those wlioae iluntition approacliea noarcHt tn
Criiptotomiis and its l^ubroid aiuu^storH. (dTtdfjo^, Sparuu, ancient nanic <<{'
Honie Hparoid llsh ; dco/na, b(>dy. Hparius is said to bo I'roni dTraifjoo, I gUHii. )

Sl'AniSOMA :

a. U|)|)cr,jaw with oiio or inon« cnniiivB abovo itH cutting uil^e (tlii-fiii occasionally uli.sd
loto on OIIO or liotli Hidt'ti) ; coloriition often lirilliuiit.
b. Ciunlal triuicato or HlJKlitly rounded, tliu angles not acuto.
0. I'oBtorior canines 2 to 4 on oacli Hide.

(^ Cniidnl tin witli more or lenH of black on posterior margin, yellowiali :it
base; anal li^ht bluish and reddisli, its ti]i duHky ; cuniuus Htroii;:,
4 (rarely 11) on eacli side; 4 or r> scales on <-lieek. Coior olive grcin
nlmvt*, mottled and speckled with red; Hnoiitwitli bluelincH; abliii'
band around lower Jaw; axil and base of ])ectoral deep blne-bhu K
tins mostly light orange and yellow xystrudon, 2(yM.

dd. Caudal (in without black in the adult; 1 or 2 more or less distim i
whitish bara across the chin.
e. Canines ;< or 4 on each side, radiating horizontally; axil with littli
or no blue, but with a dusky blotch partly hid<l;.u by the tin .
front stce|H)r and less curved than in hoplomyntax; body and
tins mottled, but mnch loss so than in hojilomystax.
/, Canines 3 on ea<'h side ; pores of lateral line with but 'J
branches; sides of head much dotted with black; caudal
barred. Atomakium, •J04i).

//. Canines 4 on each side; tubes of lateral lino much branched,-
i\ distinct narrow streak of blue downward and forward
from eye; caudal nearly plain, dusky olive; anal mot

tied. KADIAN.S, 204 1 .

ee. Canines 2 or 3 on each side; axillary region extensively deci)

blue in life, this forming a large blotch around and on Imso

of pectoral; a curved series of small white specks around

the blue on base of pectoral; body deep and robust; tins all

mottled, the anal with 3 darker areas; body with 3 faint ]iiilo

lengthwise streaks, more or less obscure; 2 of these bound

a more or less interrupted dusk}' baud from eye to base of

caudal. hoi'i.omystax, 2042.

cc. Posterior canine single on each side; body rather stout. Color grayisli

olive, closely speckled with whitish and dusky; lower half of body

abruptly paler from level of eye; upper half with a narrow whitisli

stripe continent with the back from nape to end of dorsal ; the part of

back below this crossed by irregular <lusky bars which end abrui)tly at

level of eye; lower half with obscure pale lengthwise streaks; a blai k

spot as large as pupil on end of opertde ; axil and liase of pectoral (lar]< ;

dorsal gray, througliout mottled with pale and vaguely barred and

spotted with blackish; caudal dark (dive, with narrow palo cross bars;

a broad olive cross bar at base; anal colored like soft dorsal; ventral

faintly barred ; pectoral plain ; chin with 2 broad silvery cross bars, and

2 irregular bars of dark olive. niphoiilks, 204:i.

66. Caudal tin simjjly lunate, tlie outer rays more or less exserted, but not twice ;i>,

long as the inner rays and much shorter than tho head; canine single on

each side (rarely obsolete or duplicated).

<j. Head with a scarlet stripe from below eye to angle of mouth; a small

scarlet streak behind eye; color chieHj' ]mr]>lish brown; a round 8|)()l

of yellow and black behind head,, just below lateral line; flns chietly

red ; angles of caudal black ; axillary spot obsciin^

AUROFRENATDM, 2044.

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Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1629

lioily lirowniHh, not Htripctl ;
oxviiRAiJiiU'M, U04r>.

gg. Ileail witlinnt Hoarlct Htri|»ti.

h. Pectoral vi<ry \n\\^ and almrp, 5 in Ixxly

no axillary H|>ot.
AA. P«>rtoral nioilerate, I<>hm than \, lonutli.

». Color dark rmldiHli brown, with wliitr niottlinKA; no yellow or
Mack H|>ot ; Ixdly abruptly red ; tiuH inoHtly cherry red ; ax-
illary Hpot ol»8olct«; body riitbnr deep; Hcah-H larKO, tlii-lr
oiitlint'H widl lU'llnt-d. aiiii.I)(iaari>i,'JU4A.

tt. Color browniHli, with :i<>r4 ))alo longitudinal Htrvakn, th-< upper
running to a faint palu l>lot<'b on back of tail lictwncn l!
dark-brown blotclier*; cnuilal diHtinctly jialo cdircitl bvliii:(l
and nioro distim'tly barred than in >V. jtaueuceni; Hjiot at
baHo ol ]iectoral brownlHli and very faint; about 4 Huuiil
dusky bh>t('h<'H along bane of dorHal, the last one nioHt dlx-
tinct at baHO of hint ray; caudal with many croHx barn ai:;!
IdotcheM; Huout duHky; chin with 1 or 2 wliitiah croHH
bars; caudal concave, with Hharp anglcH ; dorsal and anal
mottled with brown; pcctoralti and ventrals ]>lain; young
with dark opercular blotch and dark ]>ointH about ey(«.

IMSTlNf :TtTM, '2047.
t'lu. Canilal flu in adult deeply forked, the npper lobo about as long as the head,
and twice or more the length of the inner rays; caudal fin variegated.
j. Canines 3 or 4 on each side; pores of lateral line excessively branched,
each with several (0 to 8) much divided branches. Coh)r bright green-
ish blue (the sides sometimes with a blue band) ; caudal lobes blue, the
middle rays red; dorsal and anal red; pectorals yellowisli, the axil-
lary spot largo, black, edged with red. chkvsoi'teui'.m, 2048.
jj. Canines 1 or 2 (m each side; upper and lower caudal lobes greenish.

k. Opercles without black and yellow spot, pores of lateral line each

witli a few (4 or 5) nearly simple branches, ('olor in life c.hietly

light blue, without sharp markings, fading to reddish in spirits;

caudal dull greenish, the midtllo raya reddish: other fins mostly

s(-arlet; axillary sjmt well defined. lohito, 2040.

kk. Opercle with an inky- black spot, in front of which is a golden sjiot;

1 short blunt canine; no spot at base of pectoral; axil dark

within; a white blotch near root of caudal; gill membranes

red; pectorals dark green pcioriorly; anal green at base and

margin, brownish in the middle; caudal with a red crescent,

separated by a green band from the transparent posterior mar

gin. VIRIDE, 2050.

Et'.scAncs («i!, true ; (Txapo?, scams) :

aa. Upper jaw never with posterior lateral ciuiincs; colors dull, usually mottled brown

or greenish.

{. Caudal slightly rounded, the angles not produced.

m. Scales of lateral line, and some on nape and opercles black; dorsal spines
stout, olive, the vertical tins edged with violet; axil violet.

STBIOATUM, SO-ll.

II. Caudal lunate, or truncate with sharp angles (rounded in the very young).
n. Caudal tin distinctly barred with irregular brown spots and markings,
o. Body without distinct pale longitudinal streaks above; caudal not
evidently pale edged ; s]>ot on base of pectoral blackish and dis-
tinct; no evident pale or dark blotches on back of tail.
p. Caudal lunate or 8ubtrun(;ato in adult, rounded in young. Gen-
eral color olivaceous or reddish brown, clouded, and washed
with cherry red; lower fins mostly red; pectorals light
orange; chin pale, with a whitish cross band.

FLAVESCKNS, 2052.

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1630 Ihilktin 47, United States National Museum.

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!?i

I

p;>. Cntulnl tninrntc, not at nil Innato in tlw< ndiilt. tli<> aiiKlcH mi v

Hli^lilly iirotliit'uil.

</. ('(tlor oIlvai'xiiiiH or liliiisli urccn, ii wliitiHli Hlrciik bflur

iiioiitli ; a (lark nxilliiry n)i<>t iiHiiiiUy |iruMfiit : a wliii ,,.ii

liaiiil on rniKliil; tiim dottud. Ki'iiKii'iNNK, :>(IJ ;.

nn. (.'uiiilal (in not <'roHHl>arri'il,

r. Axillary H|i<it lilack, vrry dlMtinrt; ont«>r rayH ol" cniidnl cnnHiili r-

alily prodnt'iid, the lon^tli of <<XH<«rl(<d part ii to i t'lot of licatl.

f. Caudal red, IIh outer rays );roon; axillary Hpol viiry distimi ;

Ixxly oliva('<M)nH, nearly ]dain, reddiHli ludow; Honio gri'oni>ii

Idiiti on lii'ud; II faint K''<'**i>i>*l> streak running liackwinil

from the an^le of tli<- mouth. iiw '.'iiii ai.r, lmi'< i.

M. (Jaudal violac.i'ouH, ittt outer rays \ head ; a dark »i'>ot at haue i>r

]it'ctoral; ciilor duHky red, ai'aleH of hack and aidt-H with

red HpotH. MAHCIIALESI'II.OS, 'JO'if..

rt. Axillary sjiot faint or wanting; coloration uniform dark purjili^l,
violttt ; :i lari;<! Hcaloa on cheek; dorHuI B|>iiieM rather Hlcnilir.
hut iiuuKt'ut; caudal <>inarKinate; IuIm'm of each Hcale of lalcr:il
line nuich ramified and uxtendin); over the wludu Hcalo; toetli
of moderate Hize, very distinct on the ed^iCH of thojawM.

riiONUosUM, 20j(!

Subgenus SPARISOMA.

2030. NPAItlSOMA XYSTKODOX, Jordan & Swain.

Head 3 (3? with caudal); depth 2^ (33), D. IX, 10; A. II, 9; Hcalcs
2i-24-6. Body oblong. Jaws pjile; npper jaw with 3 or \ exsei'tfd
caniucs on each side above the cutting edge, the largest in front of tlic
angle of the month, curved outward and Horaewhat backward, the otlicis
farther forward, 1 of them being near the median suture; upper liji.M
covering most of upper jaw. Eye moderate, 4| in head; snout bluntiHli.
2;|; cheek with 1 row of 4 or 5 scales; pores of lateral line each with '.\
to 6 branches, covering most of the scale; 4 scales before dorsal ; pectoral
broad, its npp(T angle broadly rounded, not reaching nnich past ti]t8 of
ventrals. Caudal lin slightly convex when spread open, its outer rays
scarcely as long as middle ones, lA in head. Color in life, bright olive
green above, ]talor below, tlie upper parts very much mottled, speckled
with white and marbled with coppery red on various scales; head
similarly green, dotted with whitish above, a narrow ring of bnglit
blue above eye, interrupted above, a blue stripe from it straight to
angle of mouth; blue and coppery markings on opercle; lower part of
head light yellow; a blue band around lower jaw; axil and a spot at
base of pectoral in front above deep blue black; dorsal orange llesh color,
its tip paler; caudal yellow at base, paler beyond, its posterior portion
more or less jet-black, the fin with a few whitish dots toward t\w base;
anal light bluish and reddish, its tip dnsky; ventrals pale; pectorals
light yellowish; lining of opercle blaci<ish. Other specimens having tin
same markings were pearly bluish rather than j^reen above, livid below;
the blue on head paler, the red of a light yellowish carmine. Some highly
colored specimens are greener, with belly bright yellow, brightest at
throat; anal and caudal chieily jet-black. In spirits this species is dark
olive green above, paler below ; caudal and anal very broadly margined

Jordan and Evennann, — Fishes of North America, HWl

V. itli blnok; black Itur acrofw biwe of ^toctornl very diHtin<-t. The ainoiiiit
III' bluck on caudal aii«l anal aconiH tu dopoiid ou a^c, the vnry young
sliowing scarcely any. West Indies, north to Key West, generally coui-
iiion, but confused with other species. TIiIh species is found in eclKniss
.iiid VncM% about Key West, in company with S. hojtlomtiHhtx, on«l is equally
aliundant with the latter. It reaches a still smaller si/e, none of the
many specimens obtained exceeding .5 inches in length. These aresexu-
illy mature. One or 2 specimens of this species were seen in the market
it Havana, and many s]>ecimcu8 were obtained by the Alhalront at St.
I.iicia. Dr. Uean found the species at Co/.umel. (ijOc/t/jok, a scraper;
o6ovi, tooth.)

S/iarisoma xi/ttroiton, Jouvw \ SwAm, Troc. V. S. Nut. Muh. 1884. 01), Key West; Havana
(Type, No. :t5174. (.'oil. Jordan & Dye) ; .loBDAN, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mim. 1884, 1;t7; ItEA.N,
Bull. U. H. FiHh Cointn. 1888, 108; JoniiAN. Kcviow r.iihrold FImIios. 078, 1890.

3040. SPARISOMA ATOM.VIliI'M (I'oey).

Profile regular, the form elegant; depth '3\ in total length; eye 4^
in head; 3 posterior canines; scales of lateral lino with but 2 small
branches diverging at base; caudal truncate. Color carmine red in life,
paler below, with pale streaks along the rows of scales; anal orange;
branching pores below orbit; sides of head much dotted with black;
caudal with pale vertical bands ; soft rays of dorsal and anal dotted ; mem-
lirane of first 2 dorsal spines dusky; anal bluish. Length 120 mm.
('uba(Poey); not seen by us. (atomariuH, marked with atoms or dots.)

Scania atomaritis, Poev, Memorias, ir, 423, 1861, Havana; Poky, Synopsis, 34:t, 1868.

2041. SPARISOMA RADIAXN (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Head 3A; depth 3. 1). IX, 9; A. II, 9; eye i in head; snout 3; scales
l.V-26-6. Body oblong, compressed; anterior profile evenly convex; front
steeper and less curved than in S. hoplomyntax ; posterior canines 4 on each
side, radiating horizontally, the anterior canines pointing forward, the
lateral curved back, those near the angle of the mouth the largest; 4
scales before dorsal in a median line; about 5 scales in the row on cheek;
scales of lateral lino with tubes much branched ; pectoral reaching slightly
])ast the tips of the ventrals; caudal truncate or slightlj' rounded, the
angles not acute, liody and fins mottled, but much less so than in the
preceding; reddish brown; axil with little or no blue, but with a dusky
blotch partly hidden by the fin; a distinct narrow streak of blue down-
ward and forward fron> eye; <-audal nearly plain, dusky olive; anal mot-
tled; 1 or 2 more or less distinct whitish bars across «'hiu. West Indies,
south to Brazil, not rare, but ofttMi confounded with other species. Here
described from 3 specimens taken by the Albatross at Bahia, the original
locality of S. radians. Th»'se agree so well with S. lucrmosiim of Poey
that we regard the latter species as identical.

A spec. men sent by Poey to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, shows
the following characters: C«dor in spirits, mottled brown, the caudal sim-
ilarly mottled and faintly barred; no dark axillary spot; head plain;

*'niW"V»Vi"W»i

m^w^^'mi^mwfim

W'l

1032 Bulletin /7, Ihiilcd Stixtcs National Museum,

dorsal iiiottltMl. Cundiil abort, ti'unciit««; tiiboH of Intiiil linn liitli-
hraii'liod; Itody ratln'r <Oonfj;itte, tlio d*<))th 3^ in Irnj^tli; iM-rtoral nIioi t;
2 HtroiiK ])OHtorior raiiiiinH, l)el«>n< which aro Mitvcral Hiiialh^r pointitl
tt^oth. Another Hp«'ciin«-ii has \ poiiitt'd t«^oth on (Muh Hid** of n])pei- Jnw .
Thi'Ho proltald.v belong to tSparhoma railtuiiH. (nidiaiiit, rudiatint;.)

Sen nii rmlinnH, CvviKH A. ValkncIICNNrm, IIIhI. Niil. PoUh., XIV, 'Jon, IHIII), Brazil ; Oi.'iciir

MIT, Sciirldp^t. 17, IH*)r>: iiottmii ty|)flH.
Sparinamii ritilianti, .Iukdan, Urvlnw Liilirold FIhIioh, 077, IMOO.
Scant* laenmo$tn,* I'usv, Mi^iiioriiiN, ii, 4U.!, IHOI, Havana; I'uRV, Synopaiii. :i4:i, IHtM.

2042. HiMBISONA IIOPI.ONYKTAX (Cope).

Hoad 3\ (3v',r with caudal); depth 21 (34); oye modorate, 4A in hcnd:
HHout rather obtuse, 3. 1). IX, 10; A. 11,0; scalt-s 2.^-21-6. Bo<ly obloii;;:
a Singh' Htout canin*^ dirrctt-d ontward and usually slightly backward on
each HJdr of upper jaw, in front of angle of month; a second canine oftin
)>reBent in front of thin; a HUiall canine directed downward on each side oi
front of npper Jaw above the entting edge and close to the median sntnre ;
upper lip eovering most of tlie npjjer .jaw. Cheek with 1 row of large
Bea1<*8; pores of bittTal lino each with 4 to G branches, which cover nearly
the whole of the scale; 4 scales on median line before dorsal Peetoral
broad and fan-shaped behind, not reaching greatly past ventral; eandal
slightly convex when spread o|)en, the outer rays scarcely as long as the
median ones, lA in head. Lower pharyngeal nearly twice as broad aw long,
its np]>(T surface almo.st tiat, less concave than in related species. Color
in life, upper half of body olive green, the color very much mottled and
Hpeckle<l, nuirbled with whitish and streaked with green; lower p.-irts
tieshy red, e(|inilly and similarly mottled; top and front of h*>ad most
extensively mottled; sides of head similarly mottled; lower Jaws usually
more or less brown, with 2 whitish biuuls, the anterior continuous, the
posterior of 4 separate whitish blotches; edge of opercle bright greenish
blue; axil extensively deep bliu*, with some reddish s])ots; a deep-blue
blotch on base of pectoral; dorsal colored like the back; caudal greenish
at base, with a pale-yellowish band and some small whitish dots, its edg««
blackish, the fin elsewhere translucent; anal dull gray with orange,
mottled with brown; ventrals pale flesh color; the yellow and orange of
fins and red of belly become grayish in spirits; the blue of the axil
becomes dark green in spirits, but does not disappear. Length of type 5*
inches. West Indies, from Key West to Uahia, generally common. Hero
described from the type of Sj)ari8oma cyanolene from Key West. This
little fish is very abundant about Key AVest, whore many specimens were
taken with the seine in the kelp. None of thes<> was more than (J inches
in length, and as they were sexually mature at that si/e it is not likely
that they grow much larger. The prevalence of blue around the base of
the pectoral is a striking color mark which does not soon disappear in
alcvohol. Specin, .s were also obtained by the J/6a//-o«« at St. Lucia and

*SparUoma Incnnintum, according to Pooy, is notable rliietiy for the 4 postorlor canines,
tlio last turned backward. Caiidiil truncate. Color rose, a blue baud irom orbit to coni-
missure, fading in spirits; tins brown rose, faintly marbled; ]>ectoral plain, with no axillary
spot; scales of lateral line with 1 tube, from which spring 4 much ramitled branches.

#

-:(,!

Jordan and livcrmann, — lushes of North America. 1033

of
xil

his
cere

;it Ituliiu, iiikI by Dr. lieiiti at Co/iimol. {onXuy, woapoii; /ii'dra^, iippur
Jaw.)

I.ahrui radiant, CASTF.r,NAr, Anim. Nonv., etr.. Ani/Tiqiio dii Sud, 20, IRiri: not Searut

ntilittli*, C'rVIKU \. VaI,IC.N( IKNNKH.
SfarilM railiiniM, (irNTIIRII, (.'Ut., IV, 211; .ToIIDAN iV (ill.llKKT, HvnopHiM, UUfl. lH8:i; not of

CrviKH A. Vai.knciknnkm.
>,itni» hoploiiniildjr, Coi'K, Tmnn. Am. I'liilo. Soc. IHHO, 46'.>, St. Martin*. (Coll. Dr..!.

Vim KIJuiTHiiin.)
Siiaritiiiiia <-j/aui<l,it,; .loiiPAN & .SWAiN, Vrw. V. H. Nut. Mim. 1HH4, OH, Key Weit (Coll.

Joriliin A Dyi); Kkan, Hull. V. S. FUli Connn. 1X8K, \W.
SiiatlMoma hojilutnyiitax, .JoRiiA.v, Ucviow Lubroid KisliuH. 077, |il. 10, IHIM).

204». NIMItlHONA MPIIOilLKS, .rordiin vV Itollnian.

Head 3!j (4 with caudal); depth 3J (H); o.vo inoderiite, 4.1 in head;
snout obtuse, 2*. I). IX, 10; A. 11; BcaleH 12-24-0. Body oblong. A
Hiiuill cauino directed downward on each sidt« in front of up]>er Jaw iibove
cutting; ed^e and close to the luodiun suture; another single stout canine
ilirected outward and Ituckwiird on each side of the upper Jaw in front
i)t' angle of mouth; upper lip covering most of upper jaw; cheeks with
I row of r> largo scales; tubes of lateral line each with 3 to 5 branches,
usually 3; 4 scales on median line before dorsal. Caudal truncate, the
outer rays not produced, 1;^ in head. Color in spirits, brownish olive, the
color HO nu)ttled and speckled with whitish as almost to hide the groun«l
I'olor; head much speckled with bluish and bla<-k; dark spots smaller
iiiid mor«> detinod on top of head; brownish regi<Mis most prominent
iiround eyes and l«>wer i)urt of cheeks; chin crossed by a silvery band,
behind which is a brownish baud, and then a row of six silvery spots, of
which the lowermost are largest; an ill-delined whitish band from lower
margin of eye across opercle connecting with one above base of po(;torals;
Htales o(i body marked like those on head; jaws pale; black spots more
prominent above lateral line, the white below pectorals; above D bluish-
white stripes fidlowing rows of scales, the one above lateral line most
prominent, the one under lateral line not distinct; between the bund
above lateral line and the one above base of pctorals are 5 slightly
oblique dusky blotches, of which the third (from the head) is least distimtt;
the last 4 extend on dorsal fin ; region around caudal fin brownish, the
Hpots less distinct; a small black humeral spot; 2 scales in front of dorsal
dark; uxil rather dark; dorsal with 4 distinct darker mottled areas, the
lirst between fifth and seventh spines, the second between last spine
and third ray, the third at base of lifth and sixth raj's, and the last at
eighth and ninth rays; upper part of soft dorsal with 2 or 3 rows of
brownish spots ; caudal brownish with 4 or 5 narrow, wavy, white vertical
liars, of which the last 2 are most prominent; anal with 3 darker areas,
its markings similar to those on dorsal ; pectoral yellowish, spotted at
l>ase and near tips of rays; ventrals faintly brownish and indistinctly
spotted with white. Known from a single specimen 5A^ inches in length,
taken by Dr. Charles L. Edwards at Green Turtle Cay, in the Bahamas.
{vi^aifiXr}^, snowed upon, from the white spots.)

HparUoma niphobles, Jordan A- Bollman, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 551, Green Turtle
Cay, Bahamas (Coll. C. L. Edwards) ; Jordan, Keview Lubroid Fishes, 677, 1800.

t V

u '.

it'.*

m

t\

I?

li

IP-

HKJ4 nulh'lin 77, f^nittd Stales National Museum,

«044. NI'AKINONA AIHOVROATUM (Ciivirr .V VulKni'lonnM),

Head S| (I with caiidal); dopth 'Jf di). D. IX, 10; A. II, 0; Hnd.
2i-24-<i. Hody idliptiriil-oldoii^; <\vu rathttr liuf^o, iji In head; Hiioiit ini
hliiiit, H ill lioiid; fliuok with u HiiiKl** row of I or o lur^n Hniilot; I nrali •<
on iiiudiiiii line iM-t'oro dorMiil; It hul'oro vi'iitritiH; puroH of hiterul lint« mm h
Itriuudied, tiovcrinK niOHt of tlio Hcaltm. r«tct(tral rrmliin); wtdl paHt lip-
of viMitraJH; oandal lin moderately Iniiato, \\w npptT l«)l>u tii«« longur, 1^ in
htMid, tJ^ tinx'H len};tli of middht rayH. 'I'eoth 1«>hh dintinrt tliiiii nHiial in
thin typf, tint iMl;r» of tho nppitr Jaw m-arly entire, tlie cd^r of the h>W('i
Jaw more uneven. A Hinall ranine in front of the an^ltt of the month nn
eacli Hide (thiH oitHolite on both Hidtm of 1 (»f the :i MpeoimonH t-xamined).
A Hmall ciininc near Muturo of up|>er ,jaw on both Hidi^it iiHiially preHnii ;
nppi^r lip covering more than ^ of upper Jaw. Color in life, purpii^li
brown, becoming reddish on uitlra, and llnully livid ^rrcniHli beluw; hcail
purpliah-violot about eyes; HideH of head with a Htiipe of vivid Hnirirt
running from corner of mouth JuHt below and siiKhtly pant eye, a Heroml
Hhort Htreali of tho same c(dor above tht> lirut behind the eye; JawH pal(^
in color; a j^olden-orange spot rather HUialler than eye on and below tlm
tilth H«;ale of the lateral line, ItH upper ])orti(m black; doraal orange, Hlaty
at biiNe poHteriorly; oiiudal scarlet at bane, then blood red, yellow isli
in the ccntor, whitiHh behind, the projecting tips of both lobes black,
the whole tin faintly mottled an<l barred with dusky; anal crimson, its
edge light blue; ventruls livid purplish; iiectorals light yellowish, bluisli
in axil, dusky at base in front. In spirits the orange and red colors fade
to light yellowish ; a more or less distinct <lark stripe on each row of scales
below the lateral line, paler on lower rows; pale greenish about eyes;
dusky on snout above; edge of scales on body above, and r sides moni
or less dusky. Length of example described from Havr S^ inches.
West Indies; rather common at Havana. Others examined mi Cuba,

Sombrero, St. Thomas, and St. Lucia. In color it is one of the most strongly
marked and handsomest species, {auntm, gold; fnvnatus, bridled; in
allusion to the scarlet band backward from the mouth, which is vermil-
ion rather than golden, for which reason I'ooy has substituted the name
miniofrenatua.)

•:>earut auro/renatua, CuviEU Sc VALKNCtENNBS, Hist. Nat. Poisa., xiv, 101, 18;i9, San
Domingo (Coll. Kiuord) ; GCnthek, Cut., iv, 212; Guichenot, .Scaridos, Mug. I'ariw,
13, ISOr.; CoPK, Trans. Am. Philos. St>c. 1871, 461.

Seams minio/renatut, 1'oey, Jkluiiiorias, u, 1!79, DO:), 1860, Cuba.

iipantoma auro/renntum, >roRDAN & .SWAiN, l*ro«!. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 96; Jordan.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1880, 47; Jordan, liuview Labroid FiHhos, 676, 189U.

2045. SPARISOMA OXYItKACIIirM (Poey).

Head nearly 4; depth 3.^; eye 4^ in head, If in snout, 1 in distance to
mouth. A small posterior canine on the right side; lower Jaw roughest;
line of belly less curved than in S. distinctum; scales of lateral line with
3 branches. Caudal truncate; pectoral sharp-pointed and very long, 5 in
total (6 in S. distinotum). Color brownish, without longitudinal streaks,
base of scales darker; lower parts yellowish, rc-ddish in life; fins yellow-

m

Jordan and Evfrmann. — Fishes of Worth America. UWW

isli or rnddiMli, not Hpottod; iin *liii-l< nxillitry Hpot; ptn'tornl with wliito
poiiita nt buHe. l.iMi^tli 1.'10 inin. Ciiha. (I'ooy); proWuhly not tlJHtiiict
ii'oiii S\mr\Mma ahildiiaaiili, (oii'i, nbiirp; (iintxi<^^y, arm.)

•imnt» oxuhraehiiit, Tokv, Syiioimlii, :I4'.MH(W, Havana.

£04(1. Mi'AmMOMi AIIII.IMiAAItIM (III<m^Ii).

(UKII I'ARHoT flHIl; UoHK MACK I'AHHOT.)

Hond 3Ji {'.\l witli raiuliil); di^ptli 22 (IM). I>. I\, 10; A. II, {>; himiIoh
'2\-'M-H. Itoily riithor iliM>p; u hmiiiII, liliintiHh cuiiiiio oii curli tthlo of
iippi" ,|uw ill t'ruiit of an^l*' of iiioiiMi; tippor lip cnv<*rln){ iiioHt of iipp«r
Jiiw. IIoimI nitluu' Hlioi't ; «yi) ratlirr \tUK*% H in head; Hiioiit ruthur
.iciite, 2}; *'h(«ikH with a Nitigh^ row of hir^e HtiilttH; each poro of hitnriil
lino with Ti to 8 l>ran<'h('H covering nioHt of thu Huale; 4 Hiah^H on iiuidian
lini< lioforo doi'Nal. Pci'toraU rathur lont^tM- and Hhiirprr than in ndat«d
HpfcieH, not rt-achiii); far past tipH of vvntralH; oandul Iin liiiiiit<-; tii«)
tiiiddle a little convnx whon Hpiinid optMi, the oiitor rayH HJightly pro-
liuctMl, the upper rays 1 A in huad in tliu largOHt Hpeoiini-iiH exaniinod. (,'olor
in spiritH, ainioHt |dain diirlw brown, Hoimnviiat inottlud with paler; a few
ijiii'k dotH on opercle, the edge of the operole being more or Iuhh bbukiith;
pale gray beluw, from tip of .uwer Jaw tu cautlal; teeth ]iale, tinged with
I eddiHb ; JawH pal<> ; all the tins pale, the doiHal narrowly edged with dusky,
the fhi Home what mottled with darker; axil of peetoral pale, the base duHky
;iliove. In life, the dorsal, eanilal, lower tins, and belly are bright cherry
red; lent of body brown, tinged with red; pale dotn and mottlingH on
sideH of head and on body. West 'idicH south to Iha/il; generally coiii-
inun. Here described from Havina spei^imeiiH, 8 ineheH long. (Named
liir Abildgaai'd, profesBor in the University of Co])enhagen, author of
(leseriptionH of worms.)

Vieja, Pahba. Dcncr. Dif. IMozaB Flist. Nat., ns, pi. '.'M, tli;. 2, 1787, Cuba.

Seama abildgaardi, liLocii, IiOithyol., pi. 2.')0, 17U1, America; t'niiii n Hpeeinicii Hent by

I'rot'. Aliildgauril.
Scaru$ eoeeineut, Bi.ocu & Sciinp.idek, Syst. Tchthyol,, 280, 1801, Cuba; iit'tiT Pakka.
Scarus aureoruber, LA(;i^:i'|'':db, Uiitt. Nat. PoIsh., iv, r>5, 103, 18u:i, Martinique; un ii ilrawing

by Plumibr.
Saarut ainplu», IIanzani, Nov. Gomm. Ac. Sclent. luMt. Bonon., 324, taf. S, pi. 25, 1842,

Brazil (/id« Ouichknot; not neeii by us.)
Smru* erythrinoidei, (inciiENOT, Scurides, Mub. Paris, 10, 1865, San Domingo.
Seartii oxybraehius, Poey, SynopsiH, 342, 1808, Cuba,
Si a I- II* abildgaardi, C't'ViEH &, Valenoienneh, llist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 17r», 1839: OI^nther,

Cat., IV, 209; (rUiCHENOT, Scarides, Miis. Paris, 10; I'dEV, Eiiuni«ratii>, HI; Coi-K,

TriiiiB. Am. Pliilos. Soc. 1871, 402.
Sparisoma abildgaardi, Swainson, Nat. Hist. (Jlnss. Fislies, etc., ii, 227, 18:t»; .Iordan &

Swain, Prite. U.S. Nat. Mils. 1884,97; .Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. iMus. 1880, 47j Jordan,

Koviow Labroid Fishes, 070, 1800.

2047. SPARISOMA DlSTIXt'TIIM (Pooy).

Depth 3^ in length ; eye 6 in head, 2 in siiont ; snout sharp ; body deep,
nsnally a small posterioi* eanin«^, this, however, often absent; scales of lat-
eral line with a central tnbc, which bifurcates and which has a very short

i 1

I t

it'.

jliiil--

II 'f ^f

1630 Bullciin ^7, United States National Museum.

Rimple branch at base (ii. character which sopuratoB tho specicB from s.
frondosura). Sides with S rather faint darlc streaks, alternating with :;
pale ones; back greenish, sides brown; belly rosy; first dark strenk
between lat«'ral lino and back; second broad* from opercle backwiird.
third narrow on .sides of belb ; a black axillary spot above; red spots
bolow lower Jaw; pectoral ye'Iowish; other fins reddish, with points and
shutles of carniino; a pale 8pace on candal pednncle behind dorsal.
Cnlta and Jamaica, sonth to Bahia; not rare. (Pony.) A specimen fiom
Bahia is thns describ«>d: Depth 3; candal fin Innate, th«; angles short but
sharp (ronnded in the very ycnng); dentition of Sparisoma ftavcscens;
cheek with 3 scab's. Mottled olive brown ; body with 3 or 4 piP.e long!
tudinal streaks, tho npper running to a faint pale blotch on back of tail
between 2 dark-brown blotches; caudal distinctly pale-edged behind and
more distinctly barred than in S. Jtarexcena, the margin abruptly whitisli ;
spot at base of pectoral brownish and very faint; about 4 small dusky
blotches along base of dorsal, the last one most distinct at base of last ray ;
caudal with many cross bars and blotches; snout dusky; chin with 1 or L'
whitish cross bars; caudal concave, with sharp angles; dorsal and anal
mottled with brown ; p(!ctorals and ventrals plain ; young with dark oper
cular blotch and dark points about eye. {diatinctii8, distinct, from tlie
dark streaks.)

Scarut diitineUit, Poky, MemoriaH, n, 423, 1861, Havana; Poev, IJeperforio, n, 163; Pokv,

SyiiopHis, 341; PoEV, Knum., 114.
SpariKoma distinctum, JonDAN, Review Lal)roi<l Fisi.io, 076; JounAN &. Rutteu, Pror. Av..

Nat. Sci.Philii. 1897, 119.
Scnrui /rondosui, GCntukb, Cat., iv, 210; not of C'fviER.

2048. SPARISOMA CKRYSOPTEBDM (Blod. .t Schneider).
(Blue Parrot-fish ; Vikja.)

Head 3i (4i with camlal); depth 2| (3*). D. IX, 10; A. II, 9; scales
2^-24-6. Body oblong ; a strong canine directed outward and backward
toward angle of mouth in upper jaw ; besides this about 3 smaller canines
toward front of jit w, chiefly turned forward; upper lip covering about
I of upper jaw. Eye 5J in head; snout not obtuse, 2|; cheek with a
single row of 3 or 4 large scales; each pore of lateral line ramose, many
times forked, and covering most of the scale, the pores nioro branched than
in any other of our species ; 4 scales ci median line before dorsal. Caudal
deeply luiiiite, the outer rays much \»roduced, upper lobe the buiger, twice
as long as inner rays, as long as head. Color in life, bright blue, almost
everywhere tiug«>d with green; head and portion behind pectorals
brighter; an ill-defined pale band on lower part of side; dorsal and anal

■ One of Pooy's types of Seams distinctus is in the National Museum. It aj^eps very
closely witli Sparixoma ruhripinne, diti'ering cbietiy in tho presence of a posterior caniuV
and in the ujoro sharply «lelined coloration. Speciniena from Jamaica show the followi'--
characterc: Sides olivaceous, mottled with darlter, an indistinct dark band from abovt^
pectoral to caudal; vertical tins mottled with bright red, especially posteriorly, the caudal
being entirely red in some specimens; a wliite cross blotch on tail beliind dorsal; the
scales below 'more or less distinctly pale edged; pectorals tinged witli yellowish olive;
ventrals white ; some specimens with the belly an(' ventral tins almost entirely red, the
outer rays only being wliite, others with but little red anywbero.

BSl'J »•

f'f

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1037

and middle of caudal brick red; cdgo of caudal liluo; veutralH Itlnish
i^rcen; pectorals greenish yellow, their l)aHo red around ii larjje bla<k
Hpot; te»'th bluish; jaws pale. In spirits the blue is more or less faded,
Icavinff the iiah chietly green, darker on head ; the red and yellow of tins
lioconie pale grayish. According to I'oey, there is usually a dark blue
horizontal stripe along sides behind pectoral fin. Length of example
described (from Havana) \\\ inches. West Indl(i». not ran-; recorded from
('uba, 8t. Thomas, Jamaica, Martinique, Guadeloupe, San Domingo, St.
Cioix, St. Kitts, and Bahia. (^^judo?, golden; itrfijoy, wing or tin.)

Vieja, Paiiua, Dcpcr. Dif. Piozns Ilist. Nnt. 1787, 08, pi. 28, ilg. 4, Cuba.

Seams chryioptenis, Huxii it Scuneujku, SyHt. Iclitli., 2HC, pi. 57,1801, American seas;

liguri! apparently IVom a dried Hkiu; (.'uvikii & Vai.enciennks, Hist. Nut. I'oiHs., xiv,

185, 18.'!0; GCnthek, C'ai.,iv, 12. 1862; Guichenot, Scurides, Mus. Paris, 12, 1865; CiU'E,

TranH. Am. Pliilos. Sue. 1871, 4(i2.
Scarus chluris, Bloch & Sch.nkideb, Syat. Iclith., 289, 1801, Cuba; after Pauua; (Jooue,

Bull. U. S. Nat. Mu8., v, ;i4, 1876.
Scanit lateralis, 1'OEY, ^lemorias, u, 219, 1860, Cuba ; Poey, Synopsis, ;I37, 1808.
! ! Scarw ^pinidcns,* Guichenot, Scarides, 15, 1865, Bahia. ((Joll. I'uiv. do Gcnevo.)
Spunnoma chi-ysoplcruvi, Jom>\:i & Swain, Proc. T. .S. Nnt. Mus. 1884,94; Johuan, Proc.

U. S. Nat. Mua. 1880, 47 ; JoiiUA.v, Review Labroid Fishes, 674, 1890.

2040. SPARISOMA LOKITO, Jordan & Swain.

Head 3H1 """ith caudal); depth 2i; (31); eye rather large, 4ij in head;
snout rather acute, 2|. D. IX, 10; A. II, 9; scales 2^-21-6. Body oblong,
moderately deep ; 1 or 2 small canines on each side, dirc^cted outward and
backward, in front of the angle of the mouth, 1 on each side, 2 on the
other, 111 the typical specimen; upper lip covering more than | of upper
Jaw; cheeks with a single row of large scales; pores of lateral line less
branched than usual in this genus, not covering nearly the whole surface
of the scale, those on the caudal peduncle most branched, those on the
anterior region mostly once or twice forked; 4 scales on nu'dian liuis
before dorsal. Caudal fin deeply lunatc!, the outer rays much produced,
the upper lobe slightly the longer, nearly twice, as long as inner rays,
and nearly as long as head. Ccdor in life, pearly blue, the color mixed
with greenish and gray; jaws pale; teeth pale; dorsal reddish, tinged
with gray; lobes v»f caudal greenish gray, washe^l with lirown, center
of tin reddish, posterior margin grayish; anal rather dull scarlet mixed
with gray; ventrals pinkish; pectorals light yellowish olive, a dark
hlotch at base above. C»dor in spirits, brownish olive on dorsal region,
grayish olive ir.ixed with crimson on sides, and light green below;

*Scarug spinidens is thus described by Guictlienot:

" ISody obloiij;;. the snout slijtlitly convex; \ipi)cr Jaw rough with salient, conic points
in 2 or it irn^gular rows; lower .jaw with stronger cronnlations and marked by tooth in
i|uincunx ; Bcales of lat"ral line each with a pore having a short stem and sending branches
over the whale scale. Caudal lunate, its .ingles much produced, as long .is the tin itse'if.
Color silvery red, paler below, e.ach scale with a brown spot. Head red, varied with i)ale
yellow; dorsal reddish; anal and vcntrals yellow, the former edged with violet Caudal
red medially, the upper and lower edges and the interval between them violet; a large
black spot "at base of pectorals, which are violet, edged with yellow. Length of solo
specimen (from Bahia) 421) nun., to middle rays of caiulal."

This spociea is evidently close to iSparmoma chrytopteruin, but the colors are not the
same.

i i

Ui k

fTj '^

1038 nnllciin //, United States National Museum.

head greenish; purplisli on cheeks, lijjht green below; lips green; dorsiil
and anal orange, the rays grayish dusky ; caudal pale orange, tho outer
rays greenish, the posterior margin of I'm dusky; vontrals llesh color,
tinged with pinkish; pectorals orange olive, the base ofupper rays with ;i
dark spot, its axil pale. West Indies. Here described from the tyj)©, an
adult Bpe<'inieu 10 inches in length, taken at Havana. Other specimens are
in the nmseuni at Cambridge from St. Thomas, Sombrero, liarliados, and
.leremio, Hayti, and in Stanford University from Jamaica. Although it
is evidently not a rare 8i)e(;ies, wo are unable to identify it Avith any of
those described by Poey, or by Cuvier »fc Yaleucienncs. (lorito, Spanisli
•liminutivo of loro, parrot.)

Sparigoma lorito, Joi jan & SwAiN, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 95, Havana (Coll. D. S.
Jordan); Joki>.\n, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, il; Joudan, Roviow Ijubroid Fi.sluH,
674, 1890 ; JonDAN & KuTTKB, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Tliila. 1897, 120.

!!OriO. SI'.VItlSOMA VIRIIJK (Honnatorro).

(Dark Ciiken I'ahrot-pish.)

Caudal fin in adult deeply forked, tho upper lobe about as long as tho
head, and twice or more tho length of tho inner rays, variegated; canines
1 or 2 on each side; upper and lower caudal lobes greenish. Deep
blue, scales edged with brownish, which above makes 1 or 2 contin-
uous streaks; top of head light grayish brown, a similar band from eye to
above gill opening, another paler stripe from opercle to corner of mouth
and edges of both lips; edge of opercle below pale grayish, changing to
bright orange above, a dt>cp-yellow spot at tip of opercle; no inky-black
spot on opercle ; lips deep blue e.vcept for the gray edging ; head below
livid olive; dorsal light yellowish, tips of spines and rays normally blue,
base of soft part blue; anal bluish gray, with deep.-blue baud at base and
edge; pe<'toral blue gray, edged with bright blue above, tips broadly
orange; caudal blue green, with a lunate yellow baud, behiitd this a deep-
blue band, tips of rays pale, outer raya deep blue, a faint band of golden
gray at base; ventrals yellowish, blue anteriorly. West Indies; generally
common ; one of tho largest and most strongly marked of the parrot-fishea ;
the specimens here described from Jamaica, Sombrero Key and St. Thomas.
(viridis, green.)

IHscis viridis bahamensin (the rarrot-fisli). Catkshv, Nut. Hist. Ciir., ii, 29, pi. 29, 17118,

Bahamas.
Searuft viridin, Bonnateri'.e, Eiic. M6th.,x, 9fi, 193, 1788, Bahamas, aCtor CateshV; not

Smrnx viridin, BloCH, 1790.
Callyodon psittacHS, (^.KONOW, Ed. Gray, 84, 1854; not of Linn^fas.
ScaruK melanotiu, Bleekeb, Noticoa Iclithyologique-s, l-x, 4, 1802, St. Croix.
.Scarus cateshij, Lacki'i'.de, Hist. Nat. Poish., iv, 10, 1803; after Catesbv.
Scams catvibmi, Cuviek & Valkn'ciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 183,1839; Poey, Koper

torio, 1, 372, 1807 ; Gl'Ichenot, Scarides, ll, 1805 ; GUntheb, Cat , iv, 210, 1862.
fiparisoma cateshyi, Bkan & Dresel, Proe. T. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 153.
Spariioma catesboei, Jordan, Proc. I^. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 131.
Sparisoma viHde, Jordan, Review Labroid Fishea, 675, 1890; Jordan i UuttEB, Proc. Ac.

Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1897, 120.

jii®^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 1039

Subgenus EUSCARUS, Jordiiii \ Kvcriiianii.
2051. NPAItlKOMA STRKIATUM (P.iiiithei ).

IJpiuir jaw without poat'Tior lateral cauiiioH. .Scales of tlie lateral line,
those ou th«' iiiipe, and a few on the opercleH, black Hhininj; vioh-t; dor-
sal HpineH Htout, the anterior not much lonjirer than tlu- orbit, (ieneral
.((lor olive (in spirits); outer jiarts of the vt-rtical tins violet; 2>oMterior
part of the axil blackish violet, ((iiiutl -r.) Locality unknown. Ah the
ocnus SparinoiiKi in chielly coulined to American waters, we include this
species iu the present pajier as ](robably American. {stri<jatun, striped.)

Si-anintfriijatiiii, (H'ntheb, Cat., iv, 21*2, 1«C2, loiiility uiiknown.
Sjiaritoma strigatum, .If>unAN, Jtcviow Liibroid FislicH. (!71, 1800.

2052. SIMIUSOMA FLAVKSJJKNS (IJlocli \ Scliiicitl.T).

(Mil) PAHUOT; VIEJA COI.OHAUA : VlK,IA MlVfEK.)

Head IH (1 with caudal); depth 2§ (3.^). D. IX, 10; A. II, 9; scales
2A-24-6; eye 5Hii I'ead ; snout H*. llody oblong; no canine teeth ; upper
lip covering most of n]»per, jaw; eye rather small ; snout bliiutish; cheek
with a single series of about .") huge scales; tubes of lateral lino dividing
into about 5 branches, coverinj; most of the scale; 1 scales on median line
Id'fore dorsal ; pectoral fin reaching past tips of ventrals ; origin of ventral
spine under middle of pectoral base; caudal tin slightly lunate, the upper
lobe longer and narrower than the lower, 1^^ in head; the jtndongatiou of
the outer raj's varies somewhat and is greatest in the adult; the cou<'avity
(if the tin is evident in specimens 3 inches long, but in the very young the
liii is truncate or oven slightly convex. A few specimens of (> to H inches
are in the collection in which the caudal fin appears fairly truncate when
spread open, the angles remaining acute. In most ca-ses, however, the fin
is slightly concave. Color of adult in life, olivaceous, somewhat clouded
with light and dark, and usually Hushed with itii.kish, especially below, the
edges of the scales more yellow olive; scales of belly and lower parts light
orange red toward their ba.ses, giving a decidedly reddish cast; dorsal
mottled with ditterent shades of olive; caudal creamy, mottled and br.rred
with darker mange, the markings more distinct on the outer edge; ventrals
and anal rich cherry red, mottled and barred with brown; jjectorals light
orange red, the color formed by narrow orange cross streaks on a paler
ground; alight band across lower jaw, Avhich is otherwise brown; teeth
white; a dusky or black blotch at base of pectoral ; sometimes blackish
spots on the scales at the base of the soft dorsal. In 8j)irits the red of body
and fins and yellow on scales become pale. Young individuals have small,
bright, rosy spots on sides of back; 2 faint, darker, longitudinal shades
along side. Length of specimen described (Key West) 11 inches. West
Indies; Key West to Rio .Janeiro, everywhere the commonest species of tho
genus. This species is excessively conmion at Key \Vest, swarming every-
where about the isl.md in the eelgrass. It rarely excetuls a foot in length.
At Havana it is apparently equally conunou, tho numbers seen in the mar-
ket exceeding that of all other species combined. It is one of the least
brightly colored of the species of the genus. As a food-fish, this, like the
others, is held in low esteein. The llcsh. although not unpleasant in

Jf"

p)^flj(!r»T^

'^ "TT^ry^.yri fi^i'^'^.^jw|^T«]w(;*v '

'("i

it'

i

IC-IO linllethi //, United States National Museum.

llavui, ia soft and rather poor. In the Havana market it is UHually cullod
Vxvja volorada, but tbu Hpeciea of this group are seldoiu distiuguishud by
the tishermen. We have exainiued specimens from St. Thomas, .)<'>r(^iniu,
llayti, Port au Prince, Tortngas, Nassau, Rio Janeiro, Jamaica, and St.
Lucia. There is considt^rable variation in the amount of redness in tiii>
species, largo ones being usually more rosy than the young. (JlavcKceus,
yellowish.)

Vieja, Pahua, Dcscr. PieziiM Dif. Hist. Nat. 1787, 59, )(1. L'8, lis- 4, Cuba.

Se%ru» jlavetcetm, Hlocii \ S(HNEn)EK, S.vst. Itlitli., ;.'1MI, 1801; after 1'aiiha; Toki,

Eiiiiiiit'riitio, li;t, 1875 (iileiitilication of .S'can(» »(yHrt/ie/i(» with Pahiia's tiyuro) ; .Juk

DAN, Prof. IJ. S. >fiit. Mils. 1884, 13V.
Scaritu s<iiialidus, Poey, Memorias, ii, 218. 1860, Cuba; Poky, SynopsiH, 338; Jokdan .>.

(JiuiEitT, Synopsis, 9:18, 1883; (IUntiikh, Cat., iv, 212, 1802.
Calli/odon jhvesecnt, Cuviek &. Valenciennes, Hist. Xat. Poms., xiv, 288, 1839.
SparUoma jlavetcens, Jordan & SwAiN, Proc. V. S. Xat. Mus. 1884, !t2; .Iobdan, I'roir. I'. ,s

Nat. Mus. 1886,47; Bean, Bull. ir. S. Fish (.'omni. 1888,198; Joudan, Revieu Labnijil

Fislios, 072, 1890 ; Jordan & Kutter, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 119.

2053. 8PAUIN0MA UUIIBIPINXK (Cuviur & Valeuciuuues).

Head 4 in total length with caudal; depth 3Jl ; eye 5J in head, 2.^ in
siu)ut, 2 ill distance from ang1.e of mouth; no posterior canine; lower jaw
jnojecting; pores on head; suborbital with venules; a fleshy promineiir
on forehead; scales of lateral line with 3 or 4 ramifications. Adult witli
the caiulal truncate, not concave, the points very slightly salient. Oliva-
ceous; a yellow transverse band below mouth; dorsal olivaceous, clouded
with dark points on the soft rays; anal rosy, clouded; ventral rosy, witli
red and white points; pectoral yellowish, with a ^liH'use reddish-brown
spot at its base above; caudal olivaceous, with clear brown points;
a vertical band of clear yellowish, separated from the margin by an oranj;*!
area; another specimen has the caudal orange olive, with irregular bands,
the Bubterminal bar not pronounced. West Indies. This description is
based upon the specimen which Poey took as the type of his Scarutt irmi-
catiia, which we ar»i unable to separate from this species. A sppcimen
9 inches hmg, from Jamaica, in alcohol, was olive, mottled with lighter,
nearly white below; a rather distinct white band below chin; dorsal
mottled; caudal stronglj" marked with cross blotches, a pair of subter-
miual blotches of white which nearly meet in the middh>; other fins all
white, the pectoral dusky (not black) at base; no yellow blotch behind
dorsal. Margin of caudal concave; forehead strongly convex. {rubn\
red; pinna, fin.)

Seams rubripmnig, CDVIER& Valenciennes, Hi.st. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 199, 1839, San Domingo
(Coll. Ricord) ; Gi'NTiiER, Cat., iv, 211; (Utichenot, Scarides, 13, 18C5.

Scarus vireng, CrviER &. Valenciennks, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 203, 1839, Porto Rico
(Coll. Ploc), Martinique (Coll. Aciiard).

Sparigoma nihnpinne, Jordan &. RirrEn, I'roc. \r. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1897, 119.

Seanig ehlong, Ul'iciienoTj* Scarides, 14, 1805, typo of i^eanm vireiig; not of JJlocii a
Schneider.

* Guichenot jjives the followiiiK account of the types of Scams vireng. called by him
Scarus chloris:

"Body short, thick: upper ,ja\v scarcely denticulate on the edge; no posterior canines;
lower , jaw granulated and stronj^ly crenulate on the edge; caudal .squarely truncate.
Color water green, tinged with brown, voiitrala reddish, as is also the anal, where there
are small brown spots forming faint bands."

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North Anioica. 16-41

Si-arut tnmcntug, Poey, Synopsis, MO, If'W. Havana; I'OKV, Kniinicnilio, 114, 187.5; VoKV,

Fauna, I'liorto liiiiuttfia, :tU8, 1K78.
Scarun cireumnotatnt,* I'okv, Moiiiorias, 12;!, 1801, Havana ; I'oKV, Synitimis, ;U0, 1868.
.' ><carvs emar<iinatHm,\ I'OKY, Synoimis, 'AW, 1808, Havana.

3054. SPAKINOHA BK.U'lllAlil': (roty).

IIea<l :H (I witli caudiil); depth L'J (3^. 1). IX, 10; A. II, «>; bcjiIcs
•J -21-(>. liody iModcnitcly dceit; no caiiiuo tcuth ; Literal lino «^iuliiig
under last ray «>(' Hoft dorsal and Imginnin;; j|nr;iin about 2 Hcalt-H t'artbur
t'lirward, so that tho tw«» parts overlap; «\t3 rather lar;;c, l.V in head;
snout rather acute, 3; cheek with a sinj^lo row of about l scales; l scalcH
111 lore dorsal, 3 lieforo voi'trals; each jtoio of lateral lino with 4 to 7
l)r;uu;h«'H which cover most of the 8<ale; \ scales on median line before
(IdiHal. TecloralH reaching slightly past tips of vontrals; caudal tin niod-
ciiitely lunate, the middle jtart a little convex when the fin is spread open,
tlio outer rays moderately prodiiccHl, the upper lobe 1 -^ in head. Ccdor in
Hpirits, dark olive green above, somewhat mottled; paler below; a faint
jjreonish streak rumiing backward from angle of mouth; jaws pale; no
(I istincfc spots or stripes on body; teeth pale; dorsal dusky gray; caudal
iTii'sially reddish, somewhat mottle«l, its posterior border bluish; veutials
;in(l pectorals palo, slightly greenish; a very distinct dark blotch at base
iif ni»i)cr rays of pectoral; the axil pale. Cuba. Hero described fnmi a
Mingle specimen 7^^ inches long. In spirits its ccdois are ([uile ditf<'rent
fiom those of S. Jlaviacena, though in td.her respects the t\s o boar miuli
iviseuiblauce. (Latin, hrachiHm; Greek, fjfjaxiojy, the arm, from the
axillary spot.)

S'-iinahrachialis, ToEY, Meniorias, Ti, 345, 1861, Cuba; Poey, SynopHis, 3;t7 (misprinted

braqiiiaUt} ; Poey, I'^iiunicratiu, 113.
JScarus hnmerali*, Poey, Moinorias, u, 422, IKtil, Havana; basuil on old drawing'; a black

axillary spot, sown with whito xioints.
Sjiiinsomafrondosum, Joudan & Swaix, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 1)3 ; Jouuan, Proc. U. S.

Nat. Mus. 1880, 47 (not ficarus/rondoniiit, Citvuck).
Sparitoma brachiale, Joudan, Koviuw Labroid Fishes, 073, 1800.

y." '

hii

2055. NPAKISOMA MASCIIALESPILOS (Blit kor).

Outer rays of caudal produced to about | the length of the head;
a, (lark spot at base of pectoral. General color dusky red; iins yellowish
red; caudal violaceous; scales of the back and sides with many red spots.

' Scarug eircuiiniotatus i» thus described:

'Head more than 4 in total; depth 3^; eye 5 in head, 2 iu snout, more than 1 in distance
1(1 angle of moutli; venules below and Dchind eyo; prolih* regular, without depression or
iiiiiininonco; no pores above head; no posterior canines; scales of lateral line with 4
tiiiuiches; caudal truncate or with slight points at the au<;lo; pectoral short, 6 iu lenj^th.
(jiecnish blue ; dorsal and anal green, with brown points on tlio sol't rays and on the caudal
ii\i'nil)ranes ; anal reddish with brown shades ; pectorals and ventrals vermilion, the latter
witli translucent points; no black spot in the axil ; some yellowish under the head."

f Sparisoma fmanjinatnm is thus described :

"Very close to IS. circwinuitatm, dj^'ering in having the mouth lower and farther from
the eye, the hiwk higher, the belly less curved, the form therefore less elegant; preopercle
slijihtly emargiuate behind ; venules less marked ; front of head with porous roughnesses ;
caKdal" truncate; pectoral 5.J in lenjfth; no posterior canines. Greenish, with some brown-
ish scales intermixed, the edge or each scale brownish; pectoral pale, with cross series
of white points. Length 185 mm." Cuba. (Poey).

3030 26

^ ■'.?

H^

1642 Bulletin 47, fhiifed Stales National Museum.

Surinam. (Itleeker.) Not Hoeu by na. It ia perhaps distinct from .S. /»■(«■
chtah, thdiigli evidently <iloHely allied, {fiadxti^^r;, armpit; dnlXo^, HjK.t.)

Scaru» inaMchaleKjnliit, Blekkrii, KoticoH h'htliyolof(iqiieii, I-X, 5, 1862, Surinam.
Uparinowa ma»chale»pilnt, Johuan, RovIow Labroid Finlum, 673, 1800.

2()ftft. NI'AKISOMA KRUNOONrX ((^iiviur).

Throe large scales on <^lieek; dorsal spines rather slender bnt pnn^<>iii ;
candnl emarginatr; tnbes of each scale uf lateral line mnch raniitit'd imd
extending over the whole scale; teeth of moderate size, very distinct on
the edges of the jaws; no posterior canines. " Coloration uniform dark
purplish violet. (rSilnthor.) Jamaica to Braxil; evidently closely reliitcd
to Sparisoma ruhripinne, but distinguished by the branched pores. (J'ron-
doauit, branched.)

Searus/romloius (CvviHH M.S.) Aoassiz, Spix, Vise. HraHil., 08, 1829, Bahia (ColLSpK):
Ci'viKK \ Vai.enoiennes, Hist. X.it. Voiss., xiv, 204, 18;i9; OuiCHENOT, Scarides, iHiiJ,
15; JoHDAN, I'lKC. U. .S. N«t. MuH. 1880, 542 (iioto on type).

Seariii amcanija, (iCntiiku, Cat., iv,200, 1802, Jamaica.

Sparisoma aracanga, Jordan, Review Labroid Fiohcs, 074, 1800.

649. SCARUS, Foiskiil.

(LoROfS : PAKUOT-KI8HK8.)

Oallyodon, Gkonow, Mimeiini Iclitbyol., n, 8, 1764 (croiceimiii) -, iioiil)iiioiiiiul.

Seams, Fokskal, Descr. .Vniiual, etc., in Orient. Olmerv,, 2.'), 1775 (psittaevs, etc.) ; iiui oC

Geonow, 1704, which (nonbiuomial) = Labnts L.
Galliodon, Bi.oc'H & Schneider, Syst, Ichthyol., 312, 1801 {lineatus^ croicen»i$) .
Hemittoma, SwAiNSoN, Class'n Fishes, etc., n, 226, 183!» (reticulatus Swainson —/>(•;)« lien

nott) (=^Searu>i).
I'ctronason, Swainson, Class'n Fishes, etc., u, 220, 1839 {psitlacus, etc.) ( - Seanii).
Eryehlhys, Swainson, Class'n Fislies, etc., 11, 220, 1839 {croiceiisit, etc.).
Ghlorunis, Swainson, Class'n Fishes, etc., II, 227, 1839 (gihhus) {---Scans).
Callyodnn, Gronow, Systeniu, Ed. Gray, 83, 1854 (lineatus, etc.).
Scams, .ToRDAN & Gilbert, Synopsis, 938, 1883 (psittacut).
Galliodon, Jordan, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 591 {eroicensis).

Lower i)haryngeiil8 spoon-shaped, ovate-oblong, trausversely concave;
teeth in each Jaw fully coalescent, appearing as tessellations on the sur-
face; jaws with distinct median suture; the edges of jaw even, the teeth
whitish or rosy in color, never green. Upper pharyngeals each with 2
rows of teeth; gill membranes scarcely united to the narrow isthmus,
across which they form a broad fold; dorsal spines flexible, scarcely dif-
ferent from the soft rays; upper lip laterally double, the interior l'(il<l
becoming very narrow or obsolete mesially; lower jaw included it tiio
closed mouth; later.1l line interrupted posteriorly, commencing agaiu on
the next series of scales below; tubes of lateral lino scarcely branched;
scales on cheek in 2 to 4 rows; scales in front of dorsal on median line
fi to 8. Dorsal rays IX, 10; anal II, 9 in all species; scales 2.^-24-6. Body

* 'We are indebted to Dr. G. A. Boulenger for the int'omiation tliat in tlie types of Spu
risoma sti-igatiim and jSi. aracanga there are no posterior canines.

Jordan and Evcnnann, — Fishes of Notih America. 1(»43

i>;iuu ou

robiiHt. Hpecies very iiiituuruns, iiiOHtly of liirg*! Hi/«, loiind in noarly all
tropical HURH. Tlie naiiio Srarug waa UHcd by the aiifiouta and by Home
jiio-|jiiiii»'iin writers on /.ooloj^y for the Meiliterranoan species of nS/niri- .
siniKi, l.iihniH crvUniH'm liinna-iis. lly (Jronow, a iionbinoniial writer, in
I7ti4, Sv,aru8 was a])plie<l to a group Hiibstuntially identical with the Lin-
iiiiiin >;;enus l.ahvuH. The lirst use »i Svantt as a generic name in binomial
nomenclature is that of Forskal in 177."). Tlio genus Svanm of Forskal was
hased on several species obtained by him on the ("((asts of Arabia. A few
III' these are n«it Hcuroids. 'i'he others all belong to this group. Korskal
Ii.mI apparent!)' no ac(|uaiiitance with Lahnta nrteii»iH, and this species ran
iiiit in any proper sense be talien us tlie type (»f his genus. One of tlio
species mentioned by him should be so taken, and as all his sjtecies belong
to the same genus it makes no special ditVerenee wliieh one is selected.
,l(»nlan A- Gilbert h.ive regarded ScKnm j>8Uta<nH Forsknl its the tyjte. If
SiiariHoma crctense shouM be taken as the type of Sranm, tl»e jtroper name
for the i»res«'nt genus would be Calliodoii, and several of the useless generic
mimes of Sw.iinson have priority over PHendoHcaritx, The genus Scania
coutaius the majority of the species of the Svaridir, It is more widely
ilistributed than the other genera; its species reach for the most ])art a
liirger size, and in genenil they are more brightly colored than the others.
Kixi'cpo?, Scarus, ancient name o( Sjntriaoma ervteime, said by Koudelet to
he from tJX(XifJMi', to pasture.)

ScAltUS;
(I. rpiierjiiw witli from 1 to 4 postiTior canint's.
b. Cluu'k with I'rom '2 or 3 rows of sciilcs.

c. Ili'iul with 11 loii;;iluiliiial haiiil ; .1 yi.'llow h)n{;itiulinal Mtripu ou body; outer
rays of caudal not colored like tlie inner ; caudal siibtruncato.
d. ( )uter rays of caudal blackisli or ^reenisli, darker than the median rays.
<'. Yellow stripi' above peetoral about on a level with the »\v<!; outer
rays of caudal deep mreenish blue; ujjper .jaw with 1 i)(>ste-
rior canine (rarely duplicated); 2.J rows of aiiales on cheek;
head with 2 bluish-green stripes, tlie interspace reddisli or yel-
low ; dorsal and iiiial eiu'li with U y;reen bands and 1 oranjie (»no,
the anal having a roundish blue spot ou the nieiubrane between
every 2 rays. General color bluish green mixed with orange.

eUNCTULATlIS, 2057.

I'e. Yellow stripe above p((Ctoral, mostly below the level of the eye;

outer rays of caudal blackish, the rest of the caudal green;

ui'per jaw with 2 posterior canines; 2 rows of scales on cheek;

upper part of head dark green, below eye bright yellowish

green, with bluish markings on opercle; dorsal blight green

;il base; ventrals pale; basis of pectoral with a blue-black

mark, (ieneral color in life, l)right green ; darker on the l)a<:k,

paler below. HOLLMAM, 2058.

(id. Outer rays of caiulal orange, lighter than the median rays, it;, edge

blackish; yellow stripe above [tectoral, below the level of the

green stripes on the head, which are nearly horizontal; upper Jaw

with 1 posterior canine (rarely du])licatcd) ; 2j^ rows of scales ou

cheek; he.id with 2 bluish-green stripes, the inters]iaces I'eddish

or yellow; dorsal and anal each with 2 gretui bands and 1 orange

one, the latter without blue spots; basal band of dorsal not broken

into green spots. General color bluish green, mixed with oi-angc.

T^NlOl'TERUS, 2059.

'•: r

w

1044 lUiUctin .//, Un Hid States A^itional Museum.

fi- ■>■

cc, lloutl wit hunt l(iii)(itiiilliiiil liuiidi; ]Mmtt<riur ciiiiinuH 2 to 4.

/. Caiiilitl tnincatd; 2 Huriitn of hoiiIom iiii clu'ukn, iiiiil 12 hoiiIoh nii lowi r

Iiri«>p«)r<'iilur liiiili; I'liiiintm 2 or It on uacli 8i<i", ('olor uiiilnini

violot iMirpli'; vt<rti('al dim vory (lurk. AUacanoa, '.'hOh.

ff. (.'iiikIiiI till liiiiiito, tlii^ oiittT i-a.VH iiiorti or !chh productMl ; <'lic<>liM win,

2} or :i rowH of hciiIiih; ]ioHl«)rior cniiiiioH 3 or 4 ; color (ilriitil hKIhi

liliiiii lirowniHli, tlio iiaiiiliil in 1 iipt'ttimcii diirkcr, or imlitr hii'miuIIn .

itn liordor itiid iiiikIi'h dark. tiuhpindmik, '.'imii.

hh, (y'lici-kH wllli 4 rowH of hcuIch; rii);1i-h of caudal more or Ichh Hallciit.

I/. (Jidor dimky olivaccoiiH, hoiiik Healths with a rimy Idotcli at Iimhu; d<ii'-i;i|
C4i;;t<d with ilimky ; caudal dark, palit at lia.so, and with pale Hliadcs. iia

iinKlimlittlu ]>rodii I; opi^rcltt -^-itli Idiio Idoti'licH; ciiniiitm 11; 4r)ius

of HcaloH on <'llc<^k; Huoiit rather acute : 7 HcalcH licforo dorHal,

<:r/,AMii,.i;, •.'"(i:.
\j\}. (,'olor dark itky blue; ,jawH with liriglit colore ; liim cliiclly lilue, dniKi i
oil pectoral and front of caudal; middle of doi-Hal riMldLsh, with lilij>,
MpotH; a red hand near the edj^o of the caudal, 1 on tlio haHe of tlir
anal and I near the ii)iper eil;{0 of the ))ectoral)4; vcniralH inoHlly riil,
their external border blue; caudal with very milient anj,des; ii|i|iir
,|aw will) red and bine edginjfH; Hiiout luodcrale; 2 (rarely :)) LiIiimI
(■aiiinu.s in upper Jaw. ScmIom brown t^dged; eyo with blue spui-i
aliove and behind; a green band from the an;;lu of the moiitli, licir
ilered above and below l)y red. Teeth i|uitc hiiuiH. VE'i'fi.A, L'oc;;,

(/i/f/. C<d(a' brown, with '! '"-own lateral bandx. (iNATiiouuis, 'Jii(;i,

CAIXIODoN (icaAAiV beauty ; ';i)oi)s, lootll):
aa,. Upper jaw without cuniiioH; 2^ seriuH of .icaUm on cheek.

A. Third (partial) row of Hcales of tlio cheek of .'I or 4 scales , tho.se of the upjn i
row littlo larger than thone of the Hccoiid row *.
i. Caudal slightly rounded, its outer rays not produced.

j. Sides of body with 2 broad dark loiigitudin:il .shailes: sides of l>ell\

each with 'i sharply dctined lines, eacli on a row of scales, thito

8tri|)cs running from the breast to hoyoiid front of veiitrals (thix'

lines usually becoming faint or even ob.solete in old individuals).

A'. Stripes on side of breast, if present, whitish. Color dark redd i>li

brown above, paler below: back dark ; sides with 2 dark \v,\x

allel stripes of the color of the bai^k, se])arated by jiajer intii ■

spaces, the upper one extending backward from eye; Hnoiit

above bluish brown; a narrow wbilish streak running Irmn

iicad along the middle line of belly ; a faint dark Mi>ot on ha.si'

of pectoral ; caudal pale oraiigtt red, the outer rays somewlmi

barred with brown; dorsal orange, edged with bluish; otlni

tins nearly plain. choice.vsi.s, llod.'i.

kk. Stripes on side of breast, if present, inky blue. Color bri^rlii

green, oltv;u:eous above, paler below, the lower half of tlic

body becoming posteriorly more and more yellow, and on tin

lower half of the caudal iicdunclo bright light yellow, tins

color being briglitest aliovo front of anal ; longitudinal shades

on sides of bo<ly bright crim.son, separated on the head by a

band of greiMi; no s])ot on base of iiectoral; caudal tin ^ircn,

its lower half yellow; dorsal, anal, and pectorals green, ;ii

least at base; ventrals yellow. kveuma.n.ni, l.'Ot>i;

jj. Sides of body without distinct, broad, darker stripes. Color brown

no bands or lini-s upon body or held; dorsiil s\)otted with violii

and edged above and below with yellow, like the caudal; ciindiil

without spots; yellow line near the edge, and another along tin^

base of the dorsal. , flavomahoinatis, 2(HiT.

•These two characters not verilied in Hcarux jlavoinanjinatus )r in H, acutv^.

Jordan and Ever ma nn, — Fishes of North America. 1645

a. rniitlal triinciil<>, Kh poiiitH Hliulitly MnliiMit ; h1)|i>h with u liroail whlttHli

Imilll. ACl'TUB, *_'0«W.

hh. Tliinl (imrliul) niw ol' hcuIch on tho clitirk ol' I iir 2 hciiIoh only; m-alfa ur tint
ii|i|M>r row iiiiicli litr|{t'r tliitii ihoMoiil' tlifHccoiwl row; t'ltiulal Hulitruiifut««,
itM outer ruyH iitoro or luHrt iiriMliiceil, liofoiniii); nuicli olou|{Ato with ago;
ailtill Willi II lloHliy liiiiiip altovo llio Hiioiit.

I. Color bright blue, the yoiin^ iiioro or Iohh HliaiUt<l witli retlillHli lirowii;

IliiM nioHtly blue. Sl/.o larni*. <'.-KUlTl.Kt'H, 'JOGll.

II. (/'olor (liixky olivo; a palo-yellowiHli Hlruak I'roiii ii)i|ii'r part of ityn to

iijipir biiHo ol' laiiilal. kmiii.ematic'uh, 2070.

Subgenus SCARUS.

2057. NrAKIN IMIXCTIII.ATHK ((hivier \ Valenciiniinii).

(lal)

^i\\

;U[;); eyo Hiiiall, 5] in bead; Hiiont
riitlior acute, 2ii in bead. 1).IX,1(); A.II,9; scales y.J-24-(). Kody oblong-
elliptical; ii canino directed outward above angbt uf niontb on oacb Hide;
:i seeond Huiall canine proHont on eaeb Hide in tbu specimen described;
iippfr lip covering about .} of the surface of tlie upper Jaw; cheek with
•1 rowH of scales, those of the upper row being about j^ larger than those
of tho second row, 2 Hcales below the lower series; 7 scales before dor-
Hal ; origin of ventral lins directly under pectoral, tips of (ins not rench-
iiii^ (|nite halfway from their base to front ol anal; pectoral reaching
nlxnit midway between tips of ventrals and front of anal; eandal fin
triincute or Hlightly rounded when spread open, the angles not produced;
tlio outer rays l'[ in head (in specimen of 6 inches). In life, orange
lirown; the centers of most of the scales liright bluish green, these
blotclies large, so that the green predominates over the orange on most of
the body ; on the anterior part of the back and on the top of head there is
little green, this region being more brown; a light-yellow longitudinal
li.'iiid, higher up than tho similar band in S, Utniopteriis, and above the
level of the green stripes on head, running backward I'rom upper part of
■j;ill ojtening nearly to the end of pectoral; below this is a dark-grayish
liiuul, about as broad as eye, extending about to end of pector.-ils; this is
bordered above and below by briglit green; these green stripes become
very distinct on tlie head, where they extend ft)rward on snout, 1 above
;ni(l 1 below the eye, tlie lower meeting its fellow on the upper lip, the
upper on the forehead ; interspace between these bands dark gray ; JawB
wliitish; a grass-green band around lower Jaw; lower half of head light
yillowish green ; belly jtalo greenish ; dorsal JMid anal bright green at base
II nd tip, mesially orange, the orange with a median moni or hiss interrupted
liiiiid of blue, the eorrespcmdiiig band on anal forming a row of spots ; caudal
bright greenish blue, the outer rays entirely blue, the inner with their
iiieinbranes orange; pectoral pale yellow, the axil not dusky. West
Indies ; rather common ; one of the most brilliant of the group. It may be
known by the coloration of the anal lin, which has suggested the name
piinrtulatus. Here described from a speeimon 0 inches in length, from
Havana. Another from I'orto Rico is in the museum at Cambridge.
(pniicliilatua, dotted.)

u

r —

I

■i-

5 t.

1040 Bulletin .f.y. United Slates National Afuseiim.

SiiiriinptiHclulalu*, Ci viKit >V Valkni'IB.nnkh, llUt. Xitt. rolHM., xiv, lOS, IHIIO. Martinique;

•louDAN \ Swain, rmc. I'. S. Nut. Mum. 1H84, HU; Jiuidan, Ut-vixw Liiltrolil KiMliiN. ti.-j,

ISIlii: .loKDAN \ KiTTKK, Proo. Ac. Nut. Sol. I'lillii. 1HII7, ll>l.
J'm-ilili'MCiirui punrtuliitu.i, OUK'IIKNOT, SriiriiU-n, Mint. I'iii-Ih, UII, 1H0&.
Nmni* ilimlima, ('rviKU .v Vai.knciivNNI'.h, lli«t. Nat. I'oIhh., mv, lIHt, lri:i9, Martinique;

<'<>|>E, TniiiH. ,\iii. I'liil. Six-. 1871, 401.
I'triithncanit ilidili'mit, I'liKV, SyiiopniH, :ii7j I'oKV, Kiiiliii)>riitlo, 116; (iUiiMIKNOT, Siii

riili'H, 2H, IHd.'i (iioluiiii ly|i«H).
I'Kfudnneanii twniopliriiii, (iONUlKU, <^il., iv, 2'2<l, 18i)2, Trinidad; «tKi'.«lluiit (IttHcriiitimi ;

not of Dk.mmaurht.
Seanm /(I'tiioiileruM, .Iokda.n, I'riMr. V. S. Nat. Mr». IHHfl, 47.

20AH. NOAItlX IIOIJ,MAM,.li>i-ditii & Kvitrnmnn.

HtMul :V1 in loiigtli (;|> ill totiil); depth \i\. 'J"wo hiiiuU l)lunt postorior
caiiinuH in tipporjaw, luiiir iingle of inuiith; ciiiuliil Nhort, almost trnncat«>,
tho middle laya a little Hliorter thiin the outer ouoh; '2 r<»wH of hciiIis
oil cheek. In life, bright )<;reon, darker on the back, paler below ; a Itniail
lateral baud mostly below level of eye and twice width of eye, of a brilliant
orange-yellow color extondiiig from ^111 opoiiln^ to opposite vent, whcro
it ccaHcs almost abni|itly; upper part of tliiii 1)and a yellow streak moii'
than k as wide as eye, and nearly on level of (uipil, ])orHiHteiit and bright
yellow in ah^ohoi, while the orange fades to pale; behind tho vent, the
side is a little braosy or yellowish, this shade scarcely tontrasting wilh
the green ground color; there is also in life an ill-detiued band of blouil
ml nearly a scale wide above and below the ground color; base of pectornl
with a blno-black mark, upper ]>art of head dark green, below eye, bri^^lit
yellowish green, with some bluish markings on o])ercle; caudal fin groMi.
its outer rays blackish; other fins injured in both the typical exam|doH,
the dorsal bright green at base, ventrals pale; teeth pale. Gnlf of Mexico,
in deep water. Two Hpeciincns wore obtained from stomachs of Red
Groupers {EphiephditH morio), the first one by Mr. Charles II. Itollman, oil
Tampa Bay. The second was sent later by Mr. Stearns. The latter, 5
inches long, is especially the tyr e of the foregoing description. (Named
for Charles Harvey Hollman.)

Searus hiUlinani. Jcikdan \ Eveh.mann, Vntc. U. S. Xat. Muh. 1880, 47(i, off Tampa Bay
(Type, No. ;»7093. Coll. Silas SteariiH) ; .Iordan, Itcview Lahroid FiHlies, C8:t, 1800

Smfi. WkRVH T.K\IOI»TERI!S, DeamaroHt.

Head 3 (3.if with caudal); depth 2ii (3^). 1). IX, 10; A. II, 9; scales
2^-24-6. Hody oblong-elliittical. A canine directed backward ;ind ont-
Avard above the angle of the month; upper lip covering more than A <il'
surface of ui)per jaw; eye small, 6 in head; snout rather acute, 2;'; in
head; cheek with 2 nearly equal rows of about (> scales each, 1 or 2 liujie
scales below the lower series ; 8 scales on median line of back before dor-
sal; i)ectoral reaching just past tips of ventrals; origin of ventral spine
under posterior end of pectoral base ; tips of ventrals scarcely reaching to
midway between their base and front of anal; caudal fin when spre.ul
out very slightly rounded, tho outer rays very slightly produced, 1^ in

Jordan and Ivvertuaun. — Fishes of North . \mcriia. KMT

lii'iul, ill Hp«M-lintMiH of U iiicboH. Color in lifn, «li(ik oi'iui(;it lirowii ultovo;
tlir i-<>!it<-r of oiirli H<-iilo f(r«><>niHli 1iliii>; latlittr u1n'ii|)tl,v ]>iili>i- Im>Io\v,
wlit^ro i\w liliiu ]»r(>iloiiiinat(>H uh it «Io«>n alHo on nuuliil |)*-<1nn('|i>; Hi*lcH of
Iii'imI with 2 liori/oiitiil atripcH of il<>«>p ItliiiHh ki'<'|'|>> riiiiiiiiiK from an^^lit
(if opt^rrlo throtifrli <\vo uihI iiicutiiiK arotiiHl *sniiiit, tlu^ iiit«<i'Hpaco nntn-
lidily y«'IIowiHh, posteriorly lirowiiiNli; hoad lifflit ^leeiiisli Inflow; JawH
|p:i1o; 2 urt'eii Htrip«>H, with a yrllowiMh intrrMpiMo on lowrr jaw; a
liioati, lirijjiit-yollow Itaiul h«!h»w lovel of uriseii Htrip»H of head, ruiiiiiii>r
iKiiii haH«) of p<>ctoralH hatUwanl nearly to inithlJM of lioily; (li>i-sal tin
i;riM'uiHh itiiie on lower linif; iihovo tliiH a liroad orange )>aiitl, tiie tin niur-
^riiied with Hivy hliio; caudal indigo Miii.sh, with Home va^ne yellow
sliadeH, the oiit«>r rayH 1>ri;!;ht oran^re, ed);e<l with indigo Idiiinh ; anal );reen-
isji, Idtii) at haHe, then a rather narrow Htripe of orange, the outer half of
(lie tin MiuhIi; vontralN Kreeninh aii<l yellowJHh; pectoral li^ht yellow, no
(liirk iilotcli at itH haHO. In Npii ifH the oran^re fadeH to yellowish and the
hlno to bright jireeii. The yellow lateral hand is. in spirits, diished with
nd. West IndieM; generally coninion. Hero deseri hod troni speeimens O.J
inches Ion); from Havana, tho types of Scania virijinuUH. ( ithers (fxaiiiiued
!iie from Porto Hico and St. Thomas. The name jmttaciiH has heon used
liy roeent writers for this species. The original type of Coryphttna pnillii-
iiiH, sent hy Dr. (Jarden from Charleston, is still preserved hy the IJniiiran
.Society of London. It lias been uxainined hy Dr. lioaii, who has found it
to l»e a XiirU'hihijs. {raiy/a, rihhoii; nrffjoi', tin.)

Si-anii tifniojtttrut* Desmakkst, Diet. CliiH8i(|ue, xv, 244, |>1. 12, 18;tl, Cuba; Civikk *
Vai.kntie.nnkh, Hist. Nat. I'oiHS., xiv, U).'> (Mniii(> tyjic) ; Johhan. I'roc t'. S. Xat. Mas.
IRHtt, 543 (note on ori^'inal t.v|)o) ; Jordan. Rrviinv Laliioiil Ki.>4licH. nai, IKno.

Si-amt vctitla, (,'rviEii it Vai.knciknnes, [list. Nat. I'oin,H., xiv, l!».l. IHilli, St. Thomas; not

of Hl.OCH \ SCIINKIDEH; l)asc(l oil a tlj-llic of I'AIIKA.

I'femloHcarus pnltaetm, GCntiikk, Cut., iv, 22.'>, 1H02 (alter Ci>n/iili(fiia ptittaciiu, L.,wlil<'li

in a spo<'ioH of Xyriehthijt t not Scanm pitittaciis, ForskAi., an AHJatic n\ icH) ;

(iClCHENOT, Scaridt'H. Mux. Paris, 25, 1805; PoEV, Synoimis, ;i47 ; PoEV, Enniiioratio, 1 10.

Sfariii lirginali*, JoiiDAN & Swain, I'roc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, K8. Havana (Coll. Jurtlun) ;
JoRnAN, Proc. r. S. Nat. Mum. 1886,47.

I'teiidoieaniH ttumoptenis, (ii'iniENOT, Scaridt's, Miis. Paris, 26, 1865.

Si-uruD psitlacus, Coi'E, Trans. Am. Philoa. Soo. 1871, 401.

M ;

2000. SCARrK AltA('A\(M (Giintlicr).

Two series of scales on cheek, and 2 scales on lower preopercular
limb; canines 2 or H on each side, the middh^ series composed of 0
sciiles; lips broad; Jaws rosy, the ujiper with 2 or 3 small pointed ]>romi-
nences at tho angle; teeth small; dorsal spines tlexihle; caudal trun-
cated; 14 i)ectoral rays; tubes of the lateral lino simple; lateral line

* Wo hnvo tlic following notes on the type of Seams Uvnioptfrux Dksmare.st:

'• .Specimen 0.27 III. lon}i in very bad eondition ; tlie color ('iitirely faded. Ciilia. (Des-
inare.-it. ) Tlio dorsal sliows faintly 2 colors, witli a spot at tlio l)as(^ of ca(^li nieiiibraiie."

Another s])etMiiieii from the ninseiim at Geneva, U.:)U m. lon^, is in better condition,
'file colors on the dorsal sliow more )ilainl,v, and there are 2 dusky bands on the anal.
Till! outer ray of caudal above an<l Itdow is jialer than tlie others.

This is idftiiti(;al with the other specimen, and liotli neein to lichmgto the species called
Scanit virijinalis, hy Jordan \- Swain (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 88).

.;i^

1^' i

1048 linlktin ^7, I 'm'h'd S/ntrs National Museum.

iiitorniplud. <'oI<»r iiiiil'oriii viul* t |Mirple; vertiral thiH v«<ry dark. Jn.
iiiitirii (Ollnthor); unknown to im. ArcunUnff to Dr. Oilntliur "it Ihih
««xiU!tl,v tlio Nitino ntloiation (hh Sftarinoma frotxUmum), with wlilcli it iiiuy
bo uiiHily cuiit'uiindrd.'' (I'ortu^uuHt) imniu for hoiiio ]iiirrot.)

Pneuilniifariii nrarnnt/a. (II'NTIIKII, (Iiir., IV, 2".'7, IHO'i, Jamaica.
Sitanit nrncaitija, ilnBDAN, Kuvluw Liiliruiil FIhIu'm, OHlt, IWK).

•J(NII. NC.Ud'N TKIsriXONIN, Ciivicr \ ViilriicloiinM.

Tho typo, 11 drittd nkin, Ih tlnm duHi-ribud by (iiiiclionot:

Form itf J'»euih)»t'atiiii {fiiaramaia: JawM tliicly <Tciiiiluti' on th<' m\k>\ Mirlr Murriicc
HiiiiMitli, i>xi'i<)it on lou'iT iiiw; tt^i'tli ))iili<; !) poHlcrior ciiiiliittH iibovo; Hriiltm of i'lit'cU in
3 rows; citudnl Hoiiiinvlmt roiinilcil, itn aiiKl<'t |ii'oloiii{t'(l in Hliiirii points. Color iiiiiroi'in
reililiHli brown, tlio raniljil nicdlally palor, ilH iiimtniior margin and polntH lilaukiHii. A
vory largo iikin sent by tho MuHcnni of LiMbon,8nppoHvil to conio from Brazil.

Tho Hpocinioii called Siariin iiitadriiipinoBiiK in not evidently difffient.
ThiH Ih 11 dried Hkin iOO mm. long and Ih thim duacribfd liy Quichenot:

Voi'm of Seanii Ueiiwpteni$: .Thwh tri*ncliant, tint'ly ciuniilnto on th(>e<lKo, tlintritnrfncp
Hiuootb; 4 caniiioH on oarb aido aliovo; 3 rowHof hcniIim on tb<> rbio'k anil 4or.'>on opKirlr:
candal minaroiy trmicatc, its lolionobluMO and vt-iy nbort. Color oiivo brown, paler on
Hidos and bidly, with no tract) of bandn nor liut-H on bead nor Ihm; Una ycllowiab, uxcrpt
the caudal, wbicb Ih diiNky.

We have the following notes on tho Name Hpoeimon:

Color entirely fadud, poHHibly bluo in lifi'; 4 diHtinct jiontcrior caninOH on ri|bfbt Hide oT
iipiMTJaw (tlio li'ft aide biokcn) ; hiiiimI rather lout^; caudal Hiin|dy luniitc; check HoalcH in
'2i rowH; 7 HcaloH boforu dorsal: axil pale; tina apparently pale and plain.

West Indies to Rrn/il. {Irlaphiosiia, three-spined.)

Searut liitpinosug, Cl'ViEli \ VAi.HNtiKNNKH, Hist Nat. I'oisa., xiv, 182, 1839, Brazil; .loii

HAN, Kovicw liabrold l''i.><be8, 084, 18U0.
Searni nuadnspiniMiug, CuviKii \- Vai.e.\<iknneh, lliat. Nat. PoiHa., xiv, 197, 183ii, Mar

tinique; flUKiiENoT, .Scarld^'s, 27, 18(15 (note on typo); Jokuan, Proc. U. S. Nat. iMiis.

1880, 542 (uoti) on type).
Vteudoscunis quadritpinoms, (iooDE, Hull. U. S. Nat. I^Iuh., V, 34, 1870.
t I'Keudoneanis chloris/ (U^miiKH,('al., iv, 227, 1802: not Ufarugrhloris, lli.otui iV Schneimkr
I'lcuduscarun trispinutvn, (JI'iciienot, .Scaridcs, 23, 18G5 (uotu on ty]ie).

20(12. N< AltlJS (il/AMIL.K, Itvan.

Depth 3^. D. TX, 10; A. Ill, {>; eyo 7J in head; sealos 2-25-7. The
body is somewhat fusit'orm in shape. Tho Jaws are whitish at tho margin
and olivaeeons over tho rest of their Hurfaco ; 3 canines, directed outwaids
and slightly backward on lower posterior odgo of tho upper jaw ; uj>])er
lip covering rather less tlum .1 of tlu^ surface of the upper jaw; snout
attenuated ; a considerable de))re8sion above the nostrils; distance from tip
of upper jaw to the iri.s, measured obliquely, equals ^ dorsal base and

* The HpecimonH from Jamaica, wrongly calleil rievdoncarns efilorin by Dr. Oiinther, are
thus described : " Two Heries of Hcalos on cheek and 2 acalea on the lower limb of tbo pre-
o]ierculnm; the second series is composed of 4 scales; caudal nnindcd, witb tbo lobes
]>roduceil; 15 |)octoral rays; teeth very small. Nearly nuiforni greou; vertical tins edged
with dark green ; iiape or opercles somotimoB reddisli."

Jordan and liverniaHH, — Fishes of North Amcrita, 1049

Hourly \ tlioliuiul; (\vn HltutittMl ralluM' Iimh tliiui I of itH (lijiiiitstuiN Iroiu
llir iippt^r prulilo ol' th*i li<<ii«l and iioiirly It of iu (lliiMM't«rH IVoin tho l<>\v«<r
|)ri)lilu; I rowH of «cuI«h on tli» rliooU, Im-hjiIi-h a row of hciiIoh upon tli«
siihopttrculiini iinil inti-roponiiliini; lown- Httrii^s on chook contuinin^ o
suiilt'H iunl tho othur HuriuH tVonilitoT; 7 HnrirH ol' hciiIi'M on Ww nii<(liiin
linitoC tlin hiivk lioforo tlio iIoi-hiiI, Ilui^lit of liuily not (h|iiii1 to liMi){tli
III lii-iid. iiOUMt hoit{ht of titil o<|nal« htii^th of poHtot'ltital part of limul
,iM(l not *|nitn \ the Kr*'att>Ht hri^^hl of liody; ori>(in of «lorHal iibont ovor
llititof the portoml; ItaHO of tloi'Hal «\a«;tly IwicunH lon^ iim thutufunal;
ilorHal Hpint-H about equal in Hi/c, tlio fourth Npino iMjualH ^ tho )(reat««Ht
lioi^ht o.*' hody, and Ih containo<l :< tinioH in Ihe dintanco from tho tip of
Iho upper lip to th<> oi'i);in of tho dorHal; length of prctoral about \ of
total luufrth lo cud of tho tiiiddio caudal rayn; ventral ii little iuori> than
I as lout; an hi-ad. Lateral lino intorruptod undor end of Hoft dorHal, IK
HcaluH liein^ pit«rc*'d before the interruption. CoUhh of the ulcolnd Hpcoi-
Miun: HpiiiouH durnal with a narrow, dark margin; soft dorHul with a
liroad, dusky margin, tho r<>st of the tin lifrhlor; anal light at baHe, a faint,
ihiHky band covering about thi« outer jj of the lin; portoral and ventral
|iaIo; caudal light at baHo, and with Hcvcral broad, light arean extending
out on tho rays; tho major portion of the lln, however, Ih very dark; gen-
eral color dusky olivaceous, many of the scalcH having a rosy blotch at
the base; operculum with a few irregular blotches of blue; iris yellowish.
Length I^HO mm. Cozumol Islaml, Yucatan. (Mean.) ("In alluaion of
the ancient name of the island" t>f Co/uuiel.)

Scarm cuzaiiiilit; Hean, bull. I'. S. I'MhIi Coiimi. 1H8H, lOll, Cozumel ('I'.viif, No. .'I712H. Coll.
Ilfun); .loKUAN, Uovicw LiibroMi I'MhIibs, i184, 18tio.

2(Mt:i. S4;AR|TS VKTIII.A (nincli iV HcluioitUM).

I ,.

(Ml'DFISU; VlICIA; ( )UI WlKB.)

Cheek with 4 rows «if scales ; angles of caudal more or less salient; teeth
(|uite small; snout moderate; 2 (rarely 3) lateral canines in u))perjaw.
(ieuoral color dark sky blue; scales brown-edged; eye with blue spots above
and behind; a green band from the angle of the month, bordered above
and below by red; no pah^ lateral band; fins ohielly blue, darker on pec-
toral and front of caudal; middle of dorsal reddish, with blue spots; a red
hand near the edge of tho caudal, 1 on the base of the anal, and 1 near
the njipor edge of the |)e(;toral ; vontrals mostly red, their external border
blue; upper Jaw with red and blue edgings. West Indies; generally com-
mon. One of tho most gorgeous of tho parrot- fishes, roaehiug a length of
nearly 2 feet. The specimens hero desi-ribed were sent by I'rofessor I'ooy
to tho museum at Cambridge, (reliila, old woman, given in allusion to tho
Spanish name Vuja; English name, Old Wife.)

I'lVjo, rAK.{A, Dif. I'iozn.s, etc.. 58, i)l. 28, 1'. 1, 1787, Havana.

Ncartis vetnlft, Ib.ocii \ S< iineujf.u, Syst. Iclif liyol., 2H9, 1801, Cuba, after Pauiia ; Crvicn
il- Vai.enciknnks, Hint. Niit. PoIhr., xiv, VXi, 18;i!>; Giicuenot, Scaridt'S, 'J5, ISC'; (note
on type); Jordan &. Swain, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 9<>; .Tokdan, Review l.aliroiil
Fi.-»lie.s, «84, 1890.

i|f

I ■ y

Ij:?

!£■

II

■■■S I

1650

nllctin ^7, United States National Museum.

Searu* tuperbvt, Poky, Memorias, ii, 218, 186<», Cuba.

rteuAotearux tuperhuit, (JCntiikk, (.'at., iv, 'J18, 1862; roEy, Hyiiopsis, 346, 1868; I'oey,

Knuiiiorntio, 110, 1875.
l'»eudoncanni velula, Ooodk, Jlull. V. S. Xat. Mus., V, H2, 1876,

20«4. MrAlirs ONATIIODirS, I'ooy.

Hrown, with a t'h'iw l)rowii buiul iiloujj middle of trunk and another
along lower part of b(>lly ; posterior canines strong; edge of jaw Htroiiglv
emarginate; posterior border of ciiiidal llexuoiiH. Cubi; (I'oey): not iieeii
by lis. This species may be, as I'oey cuspects, simply the normal form of
ScaruB ncittiis, the type of the latter having no canines. The coloration til
the two is the same. (yi'aOoi, jaw; 6dov<;, tooth.)

iSeanis ynnthodvn, I'oKV, UL-jjertorio, n, 240, 1867, Havana.

I'seudotcarti* ijnaihodxig. Poky, Syn<»i>His, ILIO, 1808; Poev, KniiiiH-ratio, 119, 1875.

Subgenus CALLIODON ((Iroiiow) S(r)ineiilor.

•.•Oft'i. ^'f^AK^S CKOirRNNIS (Blocli).

(I'.ri.LoN.)

Head 3(3^' with caudal); depth 3 (3;). D. IX, 10; A. II 9; eye small,
5i^ in head; snout not obtuse, 2J; scales 2i-l'l-fi. Body comparatively
elongate. No posterior canine teeth ; lip covering most of surface? of upper
jaw; cheek with 3 rows of scales, the lower with 3 or i scales, those of
the upper row scarcely larger than those of the second row; 7 scales on
median line before dorsal; pectoral reaching just past tips of ventrals;
origin of ventral spine slightly behind base of pectorals; tii)8 of ventrala
leaching slightly more than midway between base of fiii and front of
anal; caudal slightlj and evenly rounded, its outer rays 1^ in head, not at
all pro<luced in specimens examined. Color in life, of young of 2 to !
inches, dark olive, little mottled, rosy below, on ba^es of scales and lower
part of head; 2 dark, lateral, ])aralk' .stripes, the upper pa.ssing through
eye and about equaling it in width, being twi<'e as wide as lower stripe
which meats base of pectoral; jaws reddish; teeth light rcddi.^h; dorsal
orange yellow, its edge pale bluish; caudal and anal similar, the former
mottled; ventrals red orange; pectorals plain, the base yellowish without
dark blotch. In spirits the rosy color becomes grayish and all the fins
pale. Older examjiles, 7 to 9 inches in length, are dark reddish brown
above, paler below; back dark, sides with 2 dark parallel stripes of the
color of the back, separated by pale inter'-.paces, the upper one backward
from eye; snout above bluish brown, a narrow Avhiti.-sh streak running
from head along the middle line of belly ; 3 similar streaks on each side
of breast, there being 1 on each row of scales; teeth dark red; a dusky
blotch at ba^e of pectoral; caudal pa(e, orange red, dusky at tip and
sides, the outer rays being somewhat barred with brown; anal light
bluish, dusky, paler in front and on edge; ventrals and pectorals pale;
dorsal orange, edged with bluish. Here described from a speitimen from
Havana, 7 inches in length. West Indies, north to Key West; generally

■■'!!I!1

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 1651

(M)iiimou; 1 of tho siUiillDr s]K>cie8; taken hy Dr. Jordiin at Havana and
Key West. Spefimons from Bermuda, Tortuj^.ts, St. TboniaH, and St.
Croix fxaminod by ns. I'oey reiogni/.es l'neii(loNvoni» Jincmatus, with tho
',\ HtreakH along the Hide of the breast, as a species distin<t from /*. aancto-
rrufin (cvoicenais), in which these markings are obsolete. These stripes
are present in all our specimens from Cuba and Florida, but in a larger
example from St. Lucia they are very faint or obsolete. Their absence is
])robabiy a matter of age, not of 8i)e(ilic ditfereuce. {croivensia, living in
St. Croix, where the species was discovered.)

Calljiodon, GRotntW, IMuhoiiiii Ichthyol., ii, 8, 1703; (ritoNOW, Zoiipliylacmmi, 244, t.7, t. 4

{nine jiatna) .
Scani» croirennis, Bloch, Ichthyol., pi. 21!1, 175)0, St. Croix; ]>robiil)ly more than 1 Hpecics

iiicludert; Jordan \ (iii,Hi;nT, SynojiMia, 938, 1883; .J()ud.\n \ Swain, Proe. I'. .S. Xnt.

Mu8. 1884,87; JoHDAN, ?. c, 137; JoHDAN, Proc. I'.S. Nat. Mim. 1880, 47; Hean, IJiiU. V.

S. FLsli Coiiiin. 1888, 198; .^oiiUA.v, Ilcvit-w Laliroiil Fislios, 085, 1800.
KnjchthjiK oniicimiti.s, SwAi.vsox, Xat. Hist. Clasn'ii KiMlics, n, 220, 1839 (iiaiiic only).
NcrtCKK t*i(iMte-«ff)ic<«;-(!ri<ci», ItLocn &. Scunehjeh, Syst. Ichthyol., 285, 1801 (after ISuxii),

St. Croix.
Calliodon lineatn.i, Bloch & SoHNKmr.n, Synt. Ichthyol., 312, pi. 02, f. 2, 1801 (Rl'ter( Ikdnow) ;

(tRONOw, Syst. Nat., Kd. (Jray, 84, 1854 {sinr patria).
Scanis (ilti'nianii, Ccvieu \-. Valexcikn.nes, Hist. Xat. Poiss., iv, 2(M), 1839. Martinique.
J'ufiitloscaiun lineiilatiis, PoEV, Kepcrtorio, ii,239, 1808, Cuba ; I'oey, F)i)iiineratio, 119, 1H75.
I'teutloKarus •^aiictwenicin. CCxtiikk, Cat., iv,226, 1802; Gimciiknot, Scaridc.s, Mhh. PariH,

29, 1805; PoEY, S.VDopsiH, 350, 180H ; PoEY, Knunicratio, 119, 1875.
Scanis sanetie-crucis, Coi-E, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 1870, 401.

20««. S( AKUK KVEKMANM, Jordan.

Head 2fi (3^ in toial); doi^th 2(;. Teeth pale; no canines; caudal iin
(mutilated) apparently subtruncato in life; scales on cheek in 2 rows. In
life, bright green, olivaceous above, paler I)elow; the lower half of tlie
body becoming posteriorly more and more yellow, and on the lower half
of the caudal i)8duncle bright light yellow; this color brightest above
front of anal ; a longitudinal band of bright crimson (fading to whitish in
spirits) on body on level of eye, but narrower than eye and growing
fainter behind ; some crimson marks on the scales above this band forming
a faint iuterrnpted band below lateral line; both these bands continued
<m head to eye with a band of green (brown in spirits) between them;
sides of belly each with 3 sharply defined lines of indigo black, like ink
marks, each on a row of scales, these strijxs running from the breast to
beyond front of anal ; no spot on base of pectoral ; bright green on top of
head above eyes, redclish below; caudal tin green, its lower half yellow;
dorsal, anal, and pectorals (mutilated in the type), apparently all green,
;it least at base; ventrals yellow. In spirits, fading to brown, with 1
distinct pale lateral stripe on level of lower part of eye, and a fainter one
above it. Blue-black streaks on sides of belly not fading iu alcohol; a
small dark spot on u]»i)er edge of caudal peduncle near baso of caudal.
Gulf of Mexico, in deep water, with Scarnx hollmaui. The type, 3 inches,
was obtained from the stonmch of a red grouper, off Tampa Bay, by
Charles H. BoUmau. Very close to Svarna vroicinula, and similar to it in
patt(<rn of coloration, except that the sharply defined streaks on the sides

y

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1652 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

of tho breast are in 5. erermanni inky blue, in iSi. croicensii* whitisli.
(Named for Harton Warrou Evermann.)

Scarui evennanni, Jobdan, Proo. U. S. Nnt. Mu8. 1880, 469, off Tampa Bay (Typo, No.
37000. Coll. O. H. Bollmaii); JonDAN, lieview Labroid Finhcs, 085, 1800.

20«7. NCAKUS FLAYOMAIUaNATUN, Cnvicr & Vr.lenciennos.

Jaws trenchant, their creniilationH little niarketl ; no canines ; 3 HcricH oi
scales on the cheek ; cumlal squarely truncate, its outer rays not produced ;
body deeper than in S. croirermiH, the snout more blunt. Color yellowiHli
brown; no bands or linos upon body or head; d«)rs<al spotted with violet;
a yellow lino near the edge, and another along the base of the dorsal;
caudal unspotted. (Guichenot.) Martinique. Known only from the scanty
descriptions of Valenciennes and Guichenot, taken from one young spoci-
inen. (flaniH, yellow; inarginalus, margined.)

SeartiB Jlavomnrginatui, Cuvikk &. Valkn(;iennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., .xiv, 202, lH;t!),

Martinique ((.'oil. P16<() ; Jordan, Roview Labroid Fialioa, 08(), 1890.
Pseudogcanit Jlavomarginatus, Guichenot, ScariiU's, 30, 1805 (note on tyi)o).

2(M)8. SCAUIIS ACIITUS, Pooy.

(LORO.)

Head rather slender; depth 3| in length, equal to length of hc.d; eye
7 in head in middle of its length; caudal subtruncatc with salient angles;
snout r.-.ther pointed; nostrils close together ; no posterior cnnines; cheek
with 4 rows of scales. Teeth whitish ; general color violaceous ; sides with
a broad whitish band; iins plain reddish, the upper violaceous; upper lip
deep blue, lower carmine; head olivaceous above, rosy below. Cuba
(I'oey); not seen by us. Perhaps identical with Scania (/nathodus, whielj
seems to differ only in the presence of posterior canines; their absence in
the types of acHiiia mny be due to individual variations, (acutiis, sharp-
l»oiuted.)

Searvs acutus, Poey, Mcnioria.s, ii, 216, 1861, Havana; Jordan, Ituview Labroid PMslien,

084, 1890.
I'grudosearvt acutus, 1'oky, Synopsis, ;!,'>0, 1868; Poev, Enniiienitio, 118, 187.').

200». SCAUIIS (M'lKIILEUS (I?lo<!b).
(IUaie Parrot-fish ; Loro; Ci.amahohe.)

Head 3i (3f| with caudal) ; depth 3i (3[0. D. IX, 10; A. II, 9; scales 2i-
24-6; eye small, 5| in head; snout rather acute, 2^ in head. Body rather
elongate, tho form subelliptieal in the young, becoming deep with age, a
great deshy hump on the ibrehead in old iiulividuals. Jaws small, with
smooth edges, whitish in the adult, rosy in tho young; no posterior canine
teeth; upper lip covering about ^ of upper jaw; cheek with 2 rows of
scales, the scales of the upper row nearly twice as broad as those of the lower ;
below the lower part is a partisil row of 2 scales; 6 scales on median line
of back before dorsal. Pectoral not reaching past tips of ventrals; origin
of ventral spine under po.sterior end of pectoral base; veutrala reat^hing
midway between base of lius and front of anal; caudal slightly rounded ;

Jordan and Kvcrma^in. — Fishes of North Ameriai,

105.']

w'mm Hpn-ad o[>cn its outer rays a little produced, 1* iu head, in young of
;i tout ill length, said to bu niuuh l(>ng<;r in adult. Adult deep unilonn )dn(^;
partly grown specinunis ( from llavauii) Itright sky hint- everywhere ; some
lirown on upper scales; lower lip reddish brown, edged with blue; lins
blue, with some brown; teeth pale reddish. Young (1 inches; Key West)
lii^ht, livid Iduo gray, tinged with brownish on l»ack, «|uite lilnish below;
vellowish olive on top of head, but no sharp markings anywhere except
((II tins; jaws rather bright Mesh red, the snout bluish; teeth pale; dorsal
<'dged with bright blue, below this dull orange, its base livid; caudal
ifiiiyish, faintly banded with (dive, its upper and lower edges bright bliu-;
anal llesh ccdor, edged with light blue, ventrals greenisli-blue, fading on
last rays; pectorals Hesh color; axil light blue. Color in spirits, greenish
idive above, pale below; dorsal dusky; caudal and anal grayish; tins
otherwise pale.
Large examples from Jamaica have the following colors:
Hody nltaniarine Itlm^; lins blue, dorsal edged with darker blue, the
iMend)rane of spinous dorsal blackish at base; asky-l>lue biindfromeve to
,md across each lip; a pale band below it on under lip, a narrow pale
edging above; pectoral with base and upp«)r ray blue, rest of tin pah-;
anal deep blue, blackish at base; vt^ntrals blue, the last rays paler;
caudal deej) blue, the <mter rays darker, posterior (Mlge pale; teeth i»ale.
Specimens about 6 inches bmg have the back yellow, scales (»n sides yel-
low with green «'dges; belly nearly uniform greenish; outer rays of caudal
deep green, middbi rays paler; dorsal yellow, edged with green; anal
pale yellowish, edged with green; pectorals nearly (•«>lorles8, slightly
orange at lip; ventrals greenish.

Length t>f example described from Havana, lOi inches. The species
reaches a length of 2 or 3 feet. West Indies ; generally common ; straying
northward along the coast of the United States; taken in abundance in
pound uets oft" >St. Gettrge Island, Maryland, about 12 ndles from Chesa-
peake Bay, in August, 1894, some speciuKsns weighing 12 pounds (Dr.
Hugh M. Smith.)* Abundant about Key West and in the Bermudas. In
the adult (obiuaas) a great lleshy hump is deveh'pt^d on the forehead and
the lobes of the caudal become much produced as iu J'sei ioscarna tjau-
ramia. {ccvrtileua, blue.)

.Vo«acMteceerMZea(thoBlii<fiMli), <;A'rKSiiv, Nut. Hist. (''nroHuii, eU;., 18, pi. 18, 1743, Bahamas.
Liiro, Pakra, DoBcr. Dil. I'ieziis Jlist. Nat., 57, pi. 2!, flg. 1, 1787, Cuba.
Tromj'a, I'ARRA, I. c, tifj. 2.

Conjphivna ercrulca, JJumjh, AiiHliiiuliHchu Fi.scho, n, i;jO, pi. 176, 1780, in piirt; ufWv
C'atl '.y and a flgiiro of Auukiet, altered from a figure by I'lumieu.

*Dr. Smith writes as follows under date of October 13, 1894: "I am now able to fiiruisli
NcMiio additi lal data on the parrot-fish. I have interviewed 2 centleinen who saw the
lish when lir.st taken, and now jireseut their description of the colors: The back was very
(lark greenish blue, which color extended from the upper part of the beak to the base of
ilie tidl; this shaded otf on the sides of the body to a light blue; the under parta, includ-
iuf; the mandible, were white; the fins were very dark green or blue, almost black; these
colors apply to a specimen weighing 8 pounds. Thinking that it these fish were found in
I ho Potomilc River they would also probably be taken in tbe Chesapeake, I wrote to a well-
informed fisherman anil fish dealer at Ope Cluvries City, Virginia, inclosing a figui-e of a
j)arrot-tt8h jind asking whether any had been caught this year. He replied that a few fish
resembling the figure and my description were obtained in pound nets between C!ii)o
(,"harles and Hungers Creek in August and September. He learned of 6 to 10 of these
' new ' fish taken noiu time to time, seldom more than 1 at a lift.''

if

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1654 Bulletin //, United States National Musctim.

Hoaru* loin, IIlo<'H A Schnkiukk, Systciiiu Iilitlijol., 288, 1801 ; after Ijoro of 1'akua.
Searut IrilobaUm, La<'KI'K1>k, Hint. Nat. I'oiHH., iv, 21, 1803, Martinique; on ii druwin;; li\-
I'l.r.MIEU.

) Seanii hnloci/nneoii, I.aci.i'Khk, Hist. Nat. I'oims., iv, 45, 1803, Martinique ; on a cii|>y l,y
Ai'itiiiKT (il'a drawing of J'l.i'MiKii; tlm copy colort-d ontii-dy bliio in order to rr|H(.
Hont this Hpocit'H; the orij;inal drawin;; probalily intunilxd for Sjiariioma chvyKuj,.
tenini; tlio Hanio copy l)y Ai'iikirt, the original of Hi.och's engravinn of Sennit
ccenileuB.

Seanm ohliiiun, I'oKV, Mcniorian, ii. 217, 1800, Cuba; adult.

iScanig niicliaUii, I'onv, Mt'iiioriaH, ii, 220, 1800, Cuba; yoiin;;.

Pj««M«lo«<!((n(« c/itori«, (rCiNTiiKii, Cat., IV, 227, 1802; not Scams clduris lii.ocii \- Schneidkh.

Scaruii aeruleuH, IJux'H \- S("IINEII>kii, Syntcina Ichtliyol., 288, 1801 ; alter (^atk.kuv, ninl
Trouipa of I'akbA; Cuvikii \ Vai.knciknnes, Hi»t. Nat. I'oiss., .\iv, 18(1, 18:m; ,Ioi:
dan \. Swain, I'roe. V. S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 85; Johdan, I'roc. l. S Nat. Muh. 1884, i:i7
Jorijan, I. c, 1886, 48 i JouDA.N, Keview Labroid Kislio.s. C80, 1800.

Piieudo»carii» cnntleiit, GCntiier, Cat., IV, 227, 1862; Giiohenot, Scarides, Miis. I'aiis
(Proo. Soc. Imp. Nat. (Jherliourg), 18H,">, 24 ; I'oEV, IJeitertorio, i, :i7;t, 1867 ; I'oEV, Synoji
sis, :M8. 1868; GooDK, Hull. V. S. Nat. Mus., v, 33, 1876.

rKeudogcarvg nuchalis, PoEV, Synoi»nis, 348; Poev, Kniinieratiu, 117.

I'teudoscarut obtutuH, Poey, Synopais, 349; Poev, Knunicratio, 117

M

2070. KOAKIJS KMKIiKMATICrs, Jordan &. lliitter.

Head 3; doptli 3^; eye IJ in head. D. TX, 10; A. Ill, 9; scales 3-21-5.
Dorsal and ventral outlines regnlarly and similarly curved, body hii^licst
over pectorals; nostril in front of eye, close toj^etlier, very small, scarcely
larojer than some of the numerous pores which sni round the eye, the an-
terior round, with a circular marginal valve, the posterior oblong, with ;i
valve on lower side; eye lij in snout, low, a lino drawn from corner ol'
mouth to angle of opercle passing along lower edge of orbit; jaws project-
ing, the upi)er without canines; cheek with only 2 rows of scales; origin
of dorsal iiud root of pectoral in the .same vertical, which is anterior to ti])
of operclt!; tips of last dorsal and anal laya reach base of rudimentary
<-audal rays; caudal truncate, slightly rounded when the; fin is spread.
Hack dusky olive, a pale yellowish streak from upper side of eye to upper
base of caudal, below this a band similar in color to the back extends
from eye to caudal, sides below pale Avith an indi.stinct dusky streak from
above pectoral to caudal ; a horizontal green stripe from upper end of gill
opening forward through uppt^r edge of eye and across top of snout;
another parallel with this from gill oi)ening through lower edge of eye
and around upper lii>; lower lip white, edged with green, a green band
across chin, and a pair of indistinct green blotches on throat; breast
washed with green; base and edge of dorsal and anal green, a broad
white stripe through the middle of each; upi)er and lower rays of caudal
white, tipped with orange, edged on each side with grtu'ii, the middle rays
pale dusky green, paler at base; pectorals and ventrals white, the former
not dusky at base; teeth white. This species is most nearly related to
Scants cwrnleus, but differing decidedly in the c(dor markings. The abov(^
description is oased on a single specimen 6 inches long. .Jamaica; only
the type known. {! n/iXvmxriK6<^, banner-like.)

Scartw emhlematicus, Joudan it Uutteh, Vislies in Jamaica, in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila.
1897, 122, Jamaica. (Type in L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. J. S. Roberts.)

M'

Jordan and Evcrniann. — Fishes of North America. 1055

650. PSEUDOSCARUS, m««!ker.

(CillACAMAIAS,)

I'snidoHeaniii, IH.BKKKK, Vi«inl. Akiul. Wet. Aiimtordimi, Scaroiilrii, xii, IKOl, a {micror

rliinos).'
I.uro, .loitDAN \, EvKKMANN, C'lieck-Lisl Fislion, 41H, IH'Jti {(jmicdmaia).

This genus differs from SvariiH, as hero uuderHtouil, cliieJly in the dooji
i;reou or blue cohjr of its higlily uioditied Jaws and teeth. Tlu* species are
mostly of large size and robust form. {t(>evd)f(;, false; dxiX/joi, Soarim.)

I'sECD08CAKl-8:

a. Uppor Jaw with c.iiiinoH; cniulr.l fin with aiigloa mticli ex8ort<!(l, eHpucinlly in I ho
.i<1nlt; soft dorsal ami anal endini; in puiuts; '2J iow« of .srales on chock.
b. Upper Jaw usually with I posterior cauino. Ccdor hrij{Iit l)ln»', tlio edges of the
acales hrownish : tins dark brown, with jireen upon the oxtornal border of
the ventrals, which are long and ])ointcd ; forelteud with a tleshy hump in
the adult.
(!. Tubes of the lateral lino considerably branched. ('(KMOstinus, 2071.

cc. Tubes of the lateral lino not branched. si.tu'LEX, 2072.

bb. Upper, jaw with from 3 to 6 posterior canines; ,jaws very convex. Color green
under pectoral, .and along the side and posterior jmrt of the body; head,
anterior and up])er part of the back, and lielly grayish yellow; dorsal and
anal brown, spotted with green along their bases; pectorals and ventrals
tinted with green ; caudal grayish yellow. Size large. i'LEiANUS, 2073.

I.oKO {loro, parrot) :
aa. Upper Jaw without ]>08torior canines; teeth deep blue green. Size large.

d. Caudal deejily notched, the angles much produced in the aduli (the tin trun-
cate or rounded in the young) ; body moderatt^ly elongate; depth 2J to 3 iu
length; cheek with 2.J rows of s<:ale8, those of the u]>per row larger than
those of the second, 1 scale below the second row. Color olive green,
with more or leas ill-defined green markings on head ; lower parts more or
less reddish ; vertical fins brownish orange, all edged with deep blue.

GUACAMAIA, 2074.

dd. Caudal roupded, the angles not produced; body robust, the depth in adult 2,!
in length; cheek with 2 rows of scales, the lower of 4, the upper of 5
scales; lower limb of preoi)ercle wholly naked Color light brownish,
with some greenish shading on sides aiul bluish green on caudal peduncle ;
flna all bright Idue; snout and forehead bluish; orbits surrounded by
radiating dots and dashes of green. rEBBico, 2075.

I- s

Subgenus PSEUDOSCARUS.
2071. PSEUDOSCARUS CffiLESTIXUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

(LOKO.)

Jaws large, their edges marked with strong dentionlations, upper Jaw
blue on its edge only, lower almost entirely blue; upper Jaw usually with
1 posterior canine ; caudal fin with angles much exserted, especially in the
adult; soft dorsal and anal ending in points; 2^ rows of scales on cheek ;
tubes of the lateral line Aery much branched. Color bright blue, the
edges of the scales brownish; iius dark brown, with green upon the

* Pseudotcarus mierorrhinot, the first species mentioned by Bleeker under Pseudoicarus,
must, in accordance with Bleeker's custom, be regarded as the type of the genus.

r"

■

1

•

4

i

I,'

166C Bulletin 4'jy United Sfatcs National Museum.

extorual border of tho veiitralH, which are long and ])oint(Ml; Ibiehcad
with a llualiy hiiiii|> iii tlio adult. W*-Ht IndiiiH; ])rol)ahly not raru, roacli-
iug a large si/e; ro^orded l»y I'oey from Havana, and from St. ThoniaH liy
rioe; known to us only from the t^xiimination of the original typo, a dried
skin in tho muHeum at I'ariH. (vwhatinua, heavenly (blue).)

Scaru* c<vle»(inn»,* Cvvi«H & Valknciennkh, lliHt. Nat. I'oiss., xiv, 180, 1839, St. Thomas.

.I()iii>.\>, I'riw. U.S. Nnt. Miis. 1880, 543 (iioto on (nigiiiiil tvpf); .Joudan, itcvitw

Litbroid Fishes, 087, IKUO.
Pneniltiscitnta cwlestinun, Guiciienot, Strariilrs, 22, 1865 (iimIii uii iy]io) ; I'oky, .Synoiwio,

341), 1868; VoEX, Eiianioriitio, 118, 1875.

2072. 1>SI:IT»0N(:AIUIS SIMIM.KX, I'ik^v.

\l'.

Iii

■J-jV^c

Huout pointed; jawu largo, blue, with coarso crennlatious; tubes of
the lateral lino witliout branches. (!olor entirely blue. I^ength 3 feet.
Cuba. (Poey); not Hcen by us; apparently dilVoring from I'HemloHvaruH
firhstiniia only in the simple tubes of the lateral line, {simples, simple )

r»e%uloacani* timpkx, Toky, K<'i)ertori(>, i, 185, 1867, Havana; I'oEV, SynopHiM, 340, 180)8;

I'OBV, Kiiiiiiieratio, 118, 1875.
tScania thnj'lex, JonuAN, Keviuw Labioiil Fisliea, 687, 1890.

2078. PSEIJDONCAUIIS PLRIAM'S (I'ooy).

IJody oblong oval; Jaws large, very convex, the crenulations large and
round; iipi)er part of tho Jaws blue; upper Jaw with from ;{ to (J ]»o8terior
canines (3 on one side in type, 5 or 6 on the other); cheek Avith 2^ rows
of scales. Color red, shaded with blue and green; green under jjcctoral,
iind along the side and posterior part of the bo«ly; head, anterior and
upper part of the back, and belly grayish yellow; dorsal and anal brown,
si)ottod Avith green along tlu'ir bases; pectorals and ventrals tinted with
green; caudal grayish yellow. Size large. St. Thomas. Only the type,
a very large dried skin, known ; not .noen by ua. It is evident that Scarim
gtiaoamaia Cuvier cV Valenciennes, the "Grand Scare aux niachiores bleus,"
with 3 to 6 posterior canines, can not be the original Scanis guacamaia of
Cuvier, Avhich has no canines at all. No writer has examined any other
specimens referable to the guavamaia of Valemtienncs, but Poey has given
to these descriptions the nanw Scarua 2yleianua, which the Hpecics must keep
if it be leally valid. (Named for M. ri(3o, who collected for Cuvier in the
AVest Indies.)

Scarus guacamaia, CuviEU &. Valenciennes, Uiat. Nat. ToisH., xiv, 178, 1839, St. Thomas.

(Coll. rioo.)
PteudoDcarnt gttacamaia, Ouichknot, Scaridi's, 21, 1865 (uoto on typo); not Searnt i/iiu-

camaia, Cuvier.
Seams pleianiin, PoEV, Momorias, ii, 393, 1801, St, Thomas ; 1m.soil on Scarus gxiacamaia,

Cuvier & Valenciennes; Jordan, Review Labroid Fishes, 687, 1890.

*\Ve have the following note on the type of Scarus cwlentlnux: "A large stnlfed skin,
0.60 ni. long, from St. Tlionias. (Pli'ie.) ' Color now i)lain dusky (perliaps blue in life) ;
teeth apparent! V dark green; foreliead fat; a single canine on rignt side of upper jaw,
none on left; clioek with 2J rows of scales; 7 scales before doi'siu; caudal rounded, bill
with the outer rajs much produced, about ^ their length being exserted ; next the last rays
of dorsal and anal similarly prolonged iiitoapoint; ventrals long, pointed; form rather
robust; head -3 J; depth 3^."

m

Mr

Jordan and fivcnuann. — Fishes of North Amctica. 1057

Subgenus LORO, Jordiiii .V Kvornmnii.
2071. rsi:iJI>OK( Altl!N (M ACANAIA (('iivior).

((il'ACAMAIA; (iliKKN rAUUol-Klsll.;

lload 3 to :)| in Icngtli to buHe of caudiil; dopth 2'f to S]! ; oyo Hniiill, <>
ill head; Hiioiit uot vory obtuse, 2ji ii» hoad. J). IX, 10; A. II, !•; scuihis
L' -21-6. Uody HKtderatrly elongate; no t'nuiiio teotli ; upper li|) covering
iiioro than i of wurface of uppei' jaw. Choolt with 2 rows of Hcales of 5 or
i; in each row, those of the upper row nearly twice as broad as those of
the lower; a single scale )»elow the lower row; Oor 7 senlos on median lino
liiforo dorsal, I'ectorals reaching just past tips of ventrals; origin of
ventral spine below the middle of pectoral base; caudal rounded when
sjjicad open, its angles slightly i)roduccd, its outer rays (in speeiniens S
iiiciies long) A in head. In adults the outer rays are longer in ])roi)ortion,
mid in very old examples, none of which has been seen by us, they are
Haid to be greatly produced. Color in life, of specimens of niodenito size,
olive green, each scale edged Avith clear brown, its middle, especially
aliove, bright verdigris green; sides of ho.ad brownish gray; belly white,
tinged with brown; a bright green stripe from eye nrouiul snout, another
fi oni eye to eye above, another undulating stripe below eye ; several green
spots and dashes behind eye; upper lip reddish; jaws deep bluish green,
tile color not fading in spirits; teeth deep greenish blue; vortical fins all
lirownish red, verging on orange above, their edges, including sides and
tips of caudal, all bright greenish blue; ventral llesh color, tinged with
orange, its anterior edge gre<'nish blue; pectoral very pale reddish, the
lirst and last rays light blue; a greenish dot at the base of each membrane
of dorsal and anal; axil reddish. Older individuals similar in color, luit
with the head more pinkish and its markings more diffuse. In spirits, the
gieen stripes and spots on head become fainter and the red of u])per lip
and axil and the orange of iins fade. Length of the cxam[de here described
I'roni Key West, 7.V inches. The species roaches a length of 2 or 3 feet.
West Indies, north to the Florida Keys, south to Kio do .Janeiro; every-
where common. This species is abundant about rocks at K«?y West, and
is also not uncommon in the Hav.-ina m.arkot, where it is known still as
(Inacamaia. Our iish is certainly the (liiacamaia of I'arra, on which, as the
[iriuted record shows, tho Scarua (inacamaia of ('uvier was based. The
s|iecimen in Cuvier's possession, afterwards described by Vfilenciennes
under the name Scams f/uacamaia, has canines in the upper jaw, and must
liohmg to a distinct and (to ns) unknown species, to whiih I'oey has given
th(bMiuiie Scarua pleianu8. We have seen no specimens a yard in length,
as mentioned by Parra, nor h.ave we seen any with tho caudal lobc^s pro-
longed to the extent shown in his figures. None of our specimens, young
or old, show traces of canines. We have examined tho typo of Scanis
turcheaiua * in I'aris. It seems to be the same as I'aendoacarua (fuacamaia.

" Tho ty^eo! Scams turche$iiii is thus deaoribed by Guichoiiot: " "Fmui of Pseudosearus
ridestinus: Jaws finely crenulato on tlio odce, otlierwiso sinootli : no posterior canines;
'1 rows of scales on cheeks; caudiil rounded, its angles little jji-odiiced. Color dark $;r«eii,
palor on sides, rosy below ; green areas on membranes of dorsal, of wliich the edge is

3030 27

•

Iv' ■ :*

IfifiS nullclin ^7, United States National Musemn.

Poi'y'H Si-aniH ronltuitun " sotMim to be Imned «»ii youiij; e\niii]>l<>8 with rutin r
Hharpor snout tliaii UHiial. (fimionmaia, Spnuisli iiaiiu* of a lar^o parrot
with very thick JawH.)

(htaeamaia, rAiiKA, DcHtr. Dlf. Pl«>ia« Hist. Nat., p. r^, pi. 20, 1787, Cuba.

Searu» iimtcamaia, (^'rviKit, U<'';;iio Animal, Kd. ii, Vol. 2, 205, lti2l); nodcHcriiitinii; haHi'tl.iii

I'AKiiA; not Si'aniii yvacamaia, CvvwAi \ Vai.kncik.nnes Scarvi }>leiaini», \'<>\\,

.InuDAN &• (iiLiiKur, SynopHis, !»3H, 1883; Bean, Hull. V. S. Flnh Coin. 1888, 1!)8.
Seartit tu>ch<»iuii, Cuviek .t Vam-'.nciknnks, IliHt. Nat. IN.Ihm., xiv, 181, 18119, Porto liit,.;

(iuiciiENOT, Scaridt'^H, 23, 1805 (note ou type); JouDAN, Prou. U. S. Nat Mas, 1880,, Ji::;

noto on original typo.
iScarus ronlratvg, Poky, MemoriaH, ii, 221, 1800, Havana.

rxnidoxcanis roxtrattm, PoKV, SynopHin, 349, 1H08 ; Poky, (Cniinicratio, 118, 1875.
J'xfi((h.<icani8 tiirchcmu*, Poky, KejuTtorio i, 317, 1801; PoEY, Synopsis, 348, 1808; Pok.v,

Fauna Puerto Riqiu-ria, 337, 1875.
I'nemlonearua gvaeamaia, GCnthkh, Cat. , iv, 233; PoEY, Synopsis, 348, 403, 1808.
llemiKtoma yuiicamaia, Joiidan &. Gimjeht, Synopsis, 007, 1883.
l<carva guaeajtiaia, Jordan \ Swain, Proc. V. S. Nat. Miis. 1884, 84; Johdan, I. c, i:;7;

Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1880, 48 j Jordan, Itovlew Labroid FishoB, 088, 1890.

2075. PSKI;I)OS«:AK|;s PKRRirO (Jordan &, Gilbert).

(Pkrrico.)

Head 3 in lenj,'th ; dcptli 2 !, . D. IX, 10 ; A. II, 9 ; scales 21 . Hody rolmat,
deep, compressed; top of hciid with a large adipose hump. No pointed
teeth at anglo of mouth; upper lip covering about i the surface of thu
upper dcntary jdatc ; lower lip covering base only of lower dcntary plate.
Cheek with 2 rows of scales, the lower of 4, the upper of .5; lower liiuli
of preoperclo wholly naked. Caudal fin somewhat rounded, its lobes
not produced; pectoral fiii J length of head, reaching to tips of ventrals;
ventrals inserted under front of p«'ctoral8. Coloration in life, light
brownish, with some greenish shadings on sides and bluish green on
caudal peduncle; fins all bright blue; snout and forehead bluish; orbits
surrounded by radiating dots and dashes of green; teeth green. In
spirits, a yellowish area below and in front of eye; upper edge of dorsal
and lower edges of caudal, anal, and ventrals yellowish, as is the lower
side of the head. Pacific coast of Mexico; known from Mazatlan, La
Paz, and the Venados Islands. A large species common in the rocks about
Mazatlan. It is seldom caught, and is not eaten. The type here described
is 23 inches in length. It is remarkable tliat this single species and Calo-
/o/» 1(8 xeMO(7on are the only Scaroid fishes yet described from the eastern
Pacific, {pvrrieo, a Spanish word for parrot).

dark green or blue, as is that of anal and that of caudal between the points; pectoral.-'
and ventrals yellow, tlio latter tinged with green toward the edges. Typo, a dried skin.
not fully grown, from Porto Rico."

On the sanm specimen examined by us in Pari.s we have the following note: ",S'c«i"*
tvrchesivs. (Cuv. &Val., xiv, 181.) A dried skin, 0.40 m. long, from Porto Rico. (Plcci
Color faded to a plain brown, paler than in S. caelettinun ; no canines. Forehead not vei \
fleshy (young) ; raudnl with its hibos exserted for J to J their length; dorsal, anal, iinil
ventrals less produced than in the type of Hvarug copletti^ius ; scales on cheek in 2 ro« s:
head 3§ in length ; depth 3J ; teeth fadtKl, but still iiartly green."

*Poey describes Pgeudotcarus rottratiis as brownish blue, with ultramarine blue on tlic
liead and margins of dorsal, anal, and ventral; teeth blue, size rather small. Accordiiii;
to him I'stmdoscarus turclie/tiun differs from I', rostratvs in having the ^jaws less teriniiml
and the head uniforinly colored; posterior part of caudal bordered with blue, as is tiio
dorsal and anal.

:iii

Jordan and F.virmann. — Fishes of North America. 1059

Sranit jifrn'co, . I oBDAN & Oii.iikkt, IVdc. 1'. S. Xiit. Afiiw. 1881, 3r»7, Mazatlan ('I'yiie, No.

'J8;t28. Coll. (". H.iJilberl); .loKliAN, Ucvltiw l.iihroiil KislicH, tWH, 1H9().
Scanit iirrrico, JoKUAN, FinlicmiC Siiiulon, in I'loi. ("iil. Ac. Sci. 1806, 483.

Gnmp ZEOIDKA.

ThiH (froiip contaiiiH thu Hinj^le fuinily Xridw, IIh rclatioiiHliipH iiro
iiiicertniii, th<' arumtiirc and thr inrntaHrd niinilK^r of tht^ voiitrnl layH
indicating relatioiiHliip to tlio Uivyviilw, wliilti th« uttachnu'iit cd' the poHt-
tcuiporal tu tbo skull BiiK;>:eHtH atlliuity with the I'cuthidiiUv.

Family CLXII. ZKID/E.

(The .John Doriks.)

Mody short, deep, much <"ompreH8«d and elevated, naked or covered
w ith minute smooth si-ales. or with l»ony jtrotuberances. Mouth lar«j;e,
terminal, the upper jaw i)rotra(tile. Teeth small, in narrow bands or
singl)^ series on the Jaws and vomer and sometimes on the palatines.
ilycs lateral, plared high; operch' much reduced; some of the bonrs of
head usually with spines; pn-opercle not serrate. Post-temporal very
liiinly attached to the skull; lower linili a<Inate for its whole length;
tlie distal end only of its ui)per limb is attached. The supra-elavicio
^liort and triangular, bearing a short spine near its anterior angle, its
posterior edge divided into 3 spines, '2 or 3 of which stand out aliove
the surface of the skin. Ventral edge often serrate, with strong bony
])lates. liateral lino well <leveloped, concurrent with the back. Hranchi-
ostcgals 7 or X. Gill openings wide, the membranes little united, free
from the isthmus. Pseudobranchia' large. Air bladder largo, (iill rakers
usually short; gills I, a slit behind the fourth. Dorsal fin euiarginate or
divided, the anterior part with spines, which are often strong, the pos-
terior i)iirt longer, its highest rays behind the mitldle; soft anal entirely
similar \o soft dorsal, usually jireceded by 1 to t spines which are not
graduated and which often form a separate, fin; ventral fins thoracic,
well developed, their rays usually I, (5 to I, 8;* pe<'torals small; caudal
tin rounded, on a moderate piMluncle. Lateral line obscure, unarmed.
Pyloric ca'ca exceedingly numerous, ^'ertebrie about 32 (Zcm.-*). (jieuera
S; species about 15; fishes of singular appearance, iidiabiting warm seas,
often at considerable depth. The species undergo great changes in the
course of development. The ".John Dory" {Zens J'alnr) is a wt.'Il-known
food-fish of southern Europe. The relations of this family are not evi-
dent, and it should form a distinct group or superfamily. The increased
number of ventral rays and the armature of the belly suggest relationship
withthi^ Herycoids; the adnate post- temporal suggests thu Clnetodonts.
\ot having any better arrangement to suggest, we leave the Zeidiv in
association with the Chivtodontidw, removing them from the neighborhood
of the Scombroid forms, to which they bear only the most superficial resem-

' Said to be I, 5 iu Oreotoma, which may he an error in counting.

i

1000 liullclin^y, I7nilcd Stales National Museum.

Iilttiico. (Sfomhrulir, j;""''"!* VtilUna, (tiiiithor, Vni,, II, IMKKHMi, lX(i(ij
Cilttidit; Oiliithor, Iiitr. Study FIhIi., ino, 1«8I.)

a. PorMiil Hplnt'H very Htroii);, iiioroor Insa (niiinontoitH; niiiil h|iIiicm .'lor 4. KoiiyMiiliKiii
|iliitt'H |)r<'H<iiil iiloiii; ItiiHi'H III' viM'tiral IIiih hiiiI Ix'twoi'ii vimiI iiiIs niitl aiiiil.
h. Aiiiil HpliifK ;i; liolli iloi'HuU Willi atroiit; bony M|>iii<iiiH pliilcM nt hum-, vi-ni' i|
niyM 1, tl or I, 7. /KNopmim, (.,,i.

CV'ITIN/K:
aa. DurHkl H|iini'H low; anal H|iiiit'M 1 or >; vcrtit'ol iiIuIch lltllo il«\(t|o; cil.

c. Itoily willioiit lar^o lioiiy |ilal«>M or wa<tH, tlntHkiii covori'd willi Hiuall nraliH;

liaMo of (liirMal ami anal willi liony |)lal<'H. /knidn, livj.

fc, Hody Willi larj{o conical bony protiiborancoM, 'J on cncli niilr of tlii< back nml

many on tlu< belly. OiiicottoMA, Uoi.

■r

651. ZENOPSIS, fiill.

/iiwjiih, liirx, Tron. Ac. Nal.Sci. I'liila. IHlt', I'Jll {nebuhmm).

Kody ovate, iiincli (■<)iii])rn,sH«Ml, without hcuIuh, anil without wartH m
hiiiii]»H in the adult. Ili-iid deopor than lon^, ItH antttriiu' |irolil<' stoop
Afouth rather hir^e, ujipor jaw protractihs teeth HUiall on JawH and vomer,
nono on the pahitinnH. Various boncH of the liead and shouhler ^;irilli'
armed Avith spineH. Hi-ries of bony jdatrs abdijj the Hidt'H of the belly aicl
the bases of both dorsal and anal, each plate armed with a strong spim.
Eye large, ]>bi«'ed high. (Jill rakers short. Dorsal spines very strong
usually 10 in nnmber, some of them tilaiuontous; anal spiues :<; ventriil
(ins l«»ng, the rays I, (i or T, 7. Caudal peduncle slender, the fin not
forked. Three species kr n, differing from the European geuus /««»,•
nuiinly in the presence of ',i anal spineH instfad of 4, and in the greater
d«'velopment of the spinous armatiin'. I'elagic. {Z>'/^', :vim; ot/>t?,ai>i}(ii\i-
auce. Zens is from Zf.v?, Jujuter.)

2070. ZKNOPKIS OCKI.LATIIS (Storer).

Head 2^; depth IJ. D. IX, 2(>; A. Ill, LM. IJody short, deep, com-
pressed. Skin wholly naked, except for the bony bucklers, which ■•iic
armed each with a central spiiui lutoked backward and nuirked witii
radiating ridges; 7 bucklers along the base of the dorsal, the fifth and
sixth largest; 2 on the median line in front of the veutrals, the second
largest; 1 median plate, 6 i>airs between veutrals and anal, and I aloiii;
the base of the anal. Tojt of the head with roughish ridges, but without
spines; a spine at the base of each deutary bone; the broad uiaxillarieH
each with a supplemental bone; teeth nearly obsolete. Eye largii, mudi
ui^arer gill opening than tip of snout, (iill rakers short. Caudal ])ediin-
cle very slender, caudal fin short and rounded; pectorals very short; veu-
trals large, the rays I, (5, the first soft ray closely a]>2)ressed to the spine;
anal spines short and stout, the soft rays, like those of the dorsal, low ;
dorsal spines filamentous. Color silvery, nearly plain; a black lateral

* Tlio European genus, Zevt, containing the common "John Dory," Zevs faher, a well-
known fooil-fish in the Mediterranean, ha8 not been found in American waters.

Jordan and Everniann. — Fishes of North America. lOfil

iircfllatodMpnt in lH'i', (liHapptMirin^ tiiHpiritri, r*>litp;ic; 1 MpMcinioti known,
i:iUt'n oil' l'ro\ inntuwn, MiiHHuclnimttts. Mt^Niription t'roni th« original
tvpe in tlio niiiHuuni oftlu^ MoHton Society of Niitunil History, {owllulmi,
iK'oUatr.)

/iiin nciUatu*, Stouku, Prim, IhiM. Sjw. Nat. Hint., vi, 18SH, nH)l, Provlncetown, on Cape
Cod.

/iniipHit OCfllalUt, .InllliAN A (ill.llKKT, Sytlii|IHiM, 4M, IHHII; li<H)liK \ ItKAN, Oi'«<tllli(!

Ii'lilli., 'Jl!4 with |)liit«, INIHI.

65a. ZENION, .Torilim A KvtMiiiiinn.
/.fnion, Jordan Sl Kvriimann, <'li<H!kLiMt KiHliiN, tls, ihihi {holiiUi>iii).

|{o(ly oonipruHHud antl olovuteil, cuverctl witli vory Hiiiall H<>aI«H; inontli
|ir(itrii(^til<>. Doi'Hul tiiiH (>iMiliK:u«)iiH, thu lirst with (i or 7 low Hpint^H; ii
short Hpino buibn; tlio uniil ; Itony pliitoH pruHent alon^ tlio liuNeH of the
ilor.Hiil niul anal tinn. Ah iu /.eiin, vontriil linn conipoHtMl ouch of 1 Hpino
iind It Hoft rayH, not dopruHHihlo in a groove. VtM'y niiniito teeth in the
jawHaiul on the vomer, none on the palatine honrH. MranchioHtogalH S.
I leup aeas. 'i'lio Hingle HpocioH (lenerilied helow HeeniH to be the type of a
ilistinet gennH, diD'erini; from the Australian genua CtilliiH in the aimence
of ventral groove and in the preHenco of bony ])IatnH along dorHal and
iuial. (A dimiuutivo of XniH, Zfi'^, tho .John Dory.)

2077. ZKM4».\ IIOI.(M.I-:iMS ((iooUu iV Httaii).

Head 2ii ; T.epth 2A. 1). VI or VII, 20; A. 23; V. I, (5; P. 1(5. Kye very
largo, 4A in body or nearly 2 in head; interorbital width 2A. I'reniaxil-
hirioH protractile and, when drawn out, a deep liorHOHhtie-Hhaped groove
is expoHod b<«tweoit tho orbits; proniaxiilary 2 in h(^ad without auont;
maxillary thin, broad, obtune at tho oxtreuiily, itH length equaling that
of iutororbital area; length of mandible nearly k that of head; mouth
!iluu»Ht vertical when elo.sed. Quadrate Ixuie ending posteriorly in a
liroiid, obtuHO spine, and with several ridges witii minute cirri; supra-
orbital iilso with several minutely <irrated ridges. Teeth in Jaws inilis-
tinguishablo, except to the touch. Nostrils plaeetl close to front of eye
somewhat above its niitblle, tho ])osterior, which is much the larger, a
pear-shaped slit al>out '.^ times an long as anterior. Pseudobrauchia' well
developed; II or 1.5 very small lanc^colate gill rakers behtw the angle,
(iill openings very wide, the membranes very deejdy cleft and only luir-
I'owly attached to tho isthmus in frout. Hrau(;hiostegals K. Dorsal and
ventral origins iu the same vertical; distance of the Bpiuous dorsal fnnu
snout equaling greatest height of bo<ly; spinous dorsal of H or 7 spines,
the lirst of which is minute, about ^ as long as second, which is as long
as eye; second spine finely serrated in the middle of its anterior nuirgin
and dihited at tho root so as to partly conceal base of third spine; rays
of soft dorsal increasing in si/e backward, the lirst being onlj' ^^ as long
;is last, which is about ^ as long as head, the longest rays about the
niuetoenth to tho twenty-fonrth, these are slightly longer than the
last; caudal almost truncate or very slightly rounded when expanded,

i

:P

r

I

m^

IfW'J

Jiullctiu /7, Unilfii Stati's iWitional Miistutti,

tli(^ iiiidtllo ra.vH nciirly iih Ioiik nH oyo: vnit iinilor firth ruy of hitoilI
(lorHiil; uiiiil (irl^lii iiihIim- Hixtli ruy; uiiiil rayH imriMtHiiiK in Ni/i« liml.
wai'il, tliu loii|(imt, not; iinirtt tliun 'j iih Iihik uh tliimu of ilorHal; ruyH of
Hoft ilorHitl luid iiiiiil nil Hitiiplo iiiiil urti('iiliit4>«l; IoiikMi of vniitinl Hpiint
\ of Ixxly, oxiuHtiliiif; tliiit of tlii< ]on^«'Nl Noft my; viMitrul, wlini fully
u\|iuii<I(mI, Hiilitrlitii};iilar, tiio Hpino iiiiniitely H«rriiti><l on itH iintt^riir
iniii'Kiii; poctoral Hiibrirniliir wlicii t'x|miMl<'<l and conipoNiMl nitiri'ly of
Hiiiipli- arti(Milatuil rayH, tlio lon|{fNt, in inidtllo of tin, \ an lun^ »h fyi .
Alioiit 10 ruwH (if NcaloH li««t\v()un tlit* laliMiil lino and ItiiNo of H|iinoiiH dor
Hal, and about t>7 in latrial linu. Plati's at Ihihu of iIoi-huI and unal well
di)v«>lo|HMl. Jiun^tli :< to \\\ lti(*h«H. Tlir typo Hpociniun wan taken by tiir
AlhalroHit at Htation 'J'.i'>X in TJi) fiitlioniH, otV Yiiciitan ; 2 other H]it>riiii(>iis.
No. IM)2t)7, from .tlhatroHM Station l.'(i5r>, on Littlo llahania liaiik, in ',i'.\x
fathomg. ((ioodn I.V liuim.) ((lAu;, whole; Af7/'$, H<-al«.)

<'yttu» hololepit, (tooiiK it. liRAN, Ocounic I<-litliy<>lo|{y, 225, IIkh. 2:iU, 2U;i«, niiil 2;i:il), IHlHi
off Yucatan and Little Bahama Bank. (Typo, No. :I02U6. Coll. Albatrim.)

653. OREOSOMA, Ciiviir A ValoncicnnoB.

(tr«tni>ma, CrviKii \ Valkncirnnkh, lliHt. Nut. I'oiHM., iv, 516, IH.'IO {atlnntieum) .

Kody elevated and coinprtmaed, Ncaleh-as, rou;{li or warty, and providod
with several lar^n, docidiiona, conical, bony protubcrancoB Hynimetrically
arran^red, the Hiirfaco " roHomblin); a relief map of a vohtanic country,"
about I of thcae on thr ba(;k and 20 below; posterior part of body with-
out «'oneH; no bony ]ilato8 at baH<* of dorHul and anal. Head without
BeiTationa; a Hiiiall horn above ouch eye; opercle small; )>r<>o))ercle with
2 ridges. Month oldi((iie, the lower jaw projecting. Villiform teeth on
jaws, vomer, and ]ialatiues. Dorsal spines low and sHiall, partially bidden
by the humps. Hott dorsal and anal similar, rounded iH outline. Pec-
torals short, ronnde«l. Caudal rounded, on a slender peduncle under
pectorals. Ventrals * well developed, thoracic. One species, scarcely
known, probably belonging to the Zeidw but its relationship uncertain.
It may very likely be a larva of the species called CytiopHia roavuv (Lowe),
or of some other s]iecies of CyitopsU or of Cytiiis. {opo^, hill ; 6d)fia, body. )

S078. OBEONONA ATLANTI^UM, Cuvier \ Valenciennes.

Head nearly 3; depth about equal to length of body. B. 7; D. V, 2!>;
A. 26; V. I, 5; C. 14. Trolile straight, nearly horizontal; month nearly
vertical; forehead broad between eyes, above each of which is a small
conical horn; suborbitals and preopercle entire; opercle small; tail and
region between dorsal and anal closely compressed and unarmed; trunk
much thicker, with 2 great conical warts on each side above, and about a
dozen on each side below, 4 on the median line; these dermal (-ones arc
readily detached, and are marked by concentric rings parallel with their
base. Spinous dorsal inconspicuous, hidden by the cones ; pectorals short ;

* Accord ill j; to Ciivior & Valencienucfl, tlio ventnils "out lo uombre ordinaire du I, 0.'
But we may doubt if this number is acouratoly counted.

Jordan and /ijrnnann. — Fis/n's of Korlh Anwrica, \W\\\

u'litriilft loiiKi nii*l<ll« ra.vH id' dcirHiil ami itiiiil loti^oHt. ('oI<*r ({rtiyiMli,
' i|)i>ii Atlitiitif, Known I'roiii II Niii^luN|H<<'iiiifii, 1^ iuiliiw lun){, (('iivloi'«&
\ til«^noiiMim-ii.)

iheonoina ttllantimm, (;rviKU .V VAi.KNcrKNNKH, KiNt. Nut. TdUm., iv, TdS IH'Jl), open
Atlantic; (iCNTiiKK, (,'ut. FImIii-h, i JK, anil ii, lltKl; (iooOK A IIkan, iKii-iii.li' Irlilli., '.".'H.

iirtii$i>ma roni/tiiiin, Ci'VlKit \- N'At.KNClKNNKB, I, e., pi. UU; ■uiiiii typo; u Nlip uriHtiit; Ikuii
iiiiriirri'Ctril iiriiof kIii'oIm.

(lioui) (!API{0M)1<:A.

A group of doubtful iilHiiitloH, contniniii;; tho Mknglu laniily Cupioiiltr.
It liaa tbtt ventral tWiH normal, Uio poHt-tttinpoial a«lnato tu tlio Hkiill, anil
is, in luuny roHpuctH, Himilar to tliu Siiiiumipinntx.

Family CLXIIl. CAPItOID.K.*

(Till') IIOAK-KIMIIRH.)

JJody comprossed and «l«vateil,<'ovon!d with Hniall, ctenoid Hcalos; hIiIoh
uf liuad Bcaly; preorhital and pri'oporclo nioro or Iohh nerrato orarnusd;
opercle small; gillH normal; gill nioinhranoH Hcparato, fn-o from iHllinnis;
top of head l)ony ; ])remaxillarii<H vnry protractile, tliu ])OHtorior proroHs
vory long; mouth moderate, the lower Jaw projecting, the teeth very
Ftiiiall; lateral line uot extending <m caudal; dorHal liu long, the Htout
spines separated from the soft rayH by a deep notch; dornal spines not
i;raduatcd; anal fin with '.^ spines separated by a notch from the soft rays,
tite fust spine longest; soft part of anal as long as soft dorHal; ventrals
I, 5, the spine strong, inserted below pectorals; caudal tin idunded, on
a moderate peduncle. Upper limb of the post-temporal widened at its
distal end, which affords a very firm attachment; the lower limb short
and thiok. The snpra-clavicle long and slender, its posterior edge sharply
serrate, tint serrations standing out above the surface of tlie skin. Ver-
tebra* in normal number, 10 + Hi =:; 2;{ (in Caitros). Two or ;{ species,
arranged in 2 genera, and living in rather deep water. CaproM aper, the
Hoarflsh, superficially resembles the .John Dory, /nta faher, and is com-
mon on the coasts of southern Kiirope. This fandly, like the preceding,
is of doubtful affinities. It is only remotely allied to the Zeidw, and its
relationship to the Caranyidw or other Scombroid forms is not evident.
Antigonia bears much auperticial resemblance to the Kphlppidiv, a resem-
Idance probably arising from real affinity, as is shown by the form and
attachment of the post-temporal. An extinct genus, Proantit/onia, is said
to connect Antujonia with Capros. (Capridw, Lowe, Fishes of Madeira,
1843, XII.)

ANTiaONUNiG :

a. Lateral lino complete. Body deeper tlian long, covered with rough Hciilim.

b. Teeth slender, in jnws only; anul spinea strung. Antioonia, 054.

fl

* Called Caproidce by Dr. Gill to distiuguiHh the group froni Capridee, the family of
Oapra, tbe goat.

?T^ i*'',',*"- •'* '^r"*'''

■;i:

■^1

M

lCfl4

Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

654. ANTIGONIA, Lowo.

Au^iflroni'rt, LoWE, Prnc. Zoiil. Soc. Loud. 1843, 85 (cnpro*).

Caprophoniiii, Mi'LLKii \-. 'I'ltosoiiKi,, ll()rii> lclitli,vol()j;icu', in, 28, 1845 (aurora).

Tljipsinotux, Sc'iiLKdEi., Fauna Jnpouica, I'oiHH., \lii, 84, flg. 2, 1847 {ruhi-tci'iti).

IJoily very deop, tho fh^pth imuih greater than length of body, v.-hich
is excessively coiiipreHsed and covered Avith moderate-sized, (inn, ron<;li
ctenoid scales; ])rofile from najie to dorsal very steep and nearly straiffht.
Surface of head above with roufih bony striic; preoporcle and suborbital
bones armed with slender antrorse spines; mouth small, its cleft nearly
vertical; premaxillary with a vi-ry long process, so that it is oxtremel.\
protractile, perhaps less so than in Capros; lower jaw projectin;f ; np]ter
jaw boroewhat 'protractile; maxillary broad, scaly; small, very slemler
teeth on jaws in 1 row, none on palate; chiu rough; preopercle with
rough stria', becoming antrorse spines below; cheeks deep, covered witli
rough sciilcs; operclo short, scaly. IJranchiostegals 6; gill membi;/incs
separate, free from isthmus. Lateral line concurrent with the back. Fin
spinos stiff and strong. Dorsals united, the third spine stout and ele-
vated, tho sixth or last spine shortest, lower than the soft rays, the fin
is thus distinctly notched. Soft dorsiil and anal similar, long and low,
none of the rays i)roduced; anal spines 3, joined to the fm, the first
longest. IJase of dorsal and anal with a sheath of small, rough scales
extending on tho fiii spines and slightly on tho rays, not on tho mem-
branes; caudal peduncle short and deep, deeper than long; caiidal short,
sijuarely truncate; ventrals strong, of moderate length, at lowest point
of ventral outline, well behind pecio; als and directly below spinous
dorsal, which is at highest point of dorsal outline; ventral spino large,
1'ougl.ened anteriorly; pectorals nu)derate, not falcate. Probably a single
siiecies, Avidely distributed. A very singular fish of uncertain relations.
It is placed by Giinther among tho ('(trangidic with Vlatax, PseUns, I'senes,
Xanchi8, etc., tho natural character of tho family being destroyed by the
'ntrusion of these diverse forms. Wo see no real resemblance between
AnHgotiia and any of the Carangidiv, nor docs it seem to us to possess
Scombroid affinities at all. It seems to be related to Cnpros, as Stein-
dachner and Gill have indicated, in placing Antigonia among the ('«-
proida'. The union of tho post temporal with tho skull in Capros suggests
'iftinity with Zanchis and Cluvtodon, a suggestion borne out by the long
pubic bones, in its fin armature, scales, and roughness of head, Antigonia
suggests Friacanihus, to Avhich genus it may be jmssibly related. Capros
shows some external resemblance to Zeus, but tho systematic position of
Zeu8 is equally uncertain. Nothing but its small, smooth scales allies Zeus
to the Scombroids and its singular ventrals suggest the Berycoids. Zens
has 32 vcrtebr.e, iind the pubic Ixmos not elongate. (Avnyoi^Eia, a city
founded by Antigonus, tho allusion not «5vident.)

1*3

"■V

¥

Jordan and Evcnnann, — Fishes of North America, 1GC5

207». ANTUIOMA (AiMiOS, Lowe.

(SlIIHIIIDAI.)

Heart 3; depth (greator with jiko) always moro thau length of body ;
eye 2} in head; snout 3J. J). VIII, ;{G; A. Ill, H3; V. I, H; I'. 13; C. 12;
scales 15-r){t-40. Anterior jirolilo of head steep, but growing steeper from
tlio nape to first dorsal, so that it is concave above eye; basn of dorsal
lorming a steep oblii|ne lino, corresponding to anterior prolile; base of
anal and outline of broawt also very obli<ine; maxillary reaching front of
eye ; 3 or 4 rows of scales on cheek ; prickles on chin ; ])reorl»ital and other
hones of head longer and more nnmorons in males; top of lioad covered
with rongh serrate stria-; third dorsal spine strong, rough, and curved, 1^
in head; first anal spine about as long as eye, 2\ to 2s in head; ventral
si»ineii; caudal 1 A. Scales very rough, much as in /'n'arflM//i«8. Lateral
line complete, concurrent with back. Air bladder large. Color golden
red. Length about a foot. In rather deep water, widely distributed in
the Atlantic, and also in the Pacific about Japan and the Ki Islands, and
Miinado, if the Pacific species, Aiitigonia rithescviix, ))roves to be identical
with -'1. vapros, as is sup^n'.sed. It lives in about 100 fathoms. (Stein-
(lachner; si^ecinions from Tokio.) (Capros, a related genus, from ndnpoi.,
II grunting sea-fish.)

XniUjcinia cayros, Lowk, I'roc. Zoiil. Soc. T-ondon 18J3, 85, Madeira.

Ciijirophonv/i attrora, Mt'i.i.EU it Tugschkl, irono Ichthyologicir, in, p. 28, pi. 5, fig. 1,

1845, Baroados.
I [ i;pginotus rubesceiin, ScilLEdEI,, Fauna .raponlca, I'oisaous, 84, pl.4L', lig. 2, 1847, Omura,

Japan.
Ant!tjo)iia mUllfn, Ki,(:nziN(1kk, Sit/.b. Akiwl. Wiss. AViiMi., l.xxx, 1879, ^80, pi, (I, llg, 3,

King George's Sound.
Antiijonij. capros, Hoouk. \- ]!kan, Oceanic Ichthyology, 229, tig. 235, 189C.

Suborder S(^UAMIPI:N^NES.

(Tim S(!ALY-FINS.)

llody compressed, covered with small or minute ctenoid scales; lateral
|iiie unarmed, concurrent with the back; mouth small, with shinder or
brush-like teeth; operclcs armed or not; nostrils double; gills I, a slit
'tchiud the fourth; gill membranes united to the broad scaly isthmus;
pscudobranchia' present; air bliidder iiresent; dcusal (in long, the spines
usually well developed, the soft part usually more or less scaly; caudal
usually truncate or double concave; anal similar to soft dorsal; ventrals
thoracic, scunctimes rudimentary, sometimes wifli 2 spines, the pubic bono
Itocoming progressively elongate; vertebra' usually 10-fl4-=21, but some-
times still further reduced. IJasis of cranium double, with a double mus-
cular tube; po8t-temi)oral trifureate or bifm-catein KphiitpMtv and other
tiansitional forms, as in the Scombroids and Percoids; in other species
liiiidy united to the skull, its structure showing the usual 3 forks, the space
lietwecn them filled in by bone, so that only a Au-amen is left; Second,
Ihird, and fourth upper pharyngeals small, usually reduced to vertical

w

■ifl^^mimimmm

W'

I

1666 BiiUctin ^7, United States National Museum,

:)■:■ A

transverse laminii-. Ilypcrcoracoid witli niedijiu foramon; pectoral with
\ 8h(ut )»ji8;il l)oiie8. Tliis group comprises a lur^c niinil>cr of lishi'S, aoiin
of tlioin Bliowiri/j( .inalogics with tiie Variunjidu on the, one liaiul and witli
(■crtain J'crcoid (ishes 6ii tlic otiier; the typical foniiH specialized in dire(
tiona Iendi///iC toward the PltrUtfiiMthi. The limits of the j^roup are uncc r
tain, alMiongh thcr< is nodonht about the relationship of any of the genera
here treated. Perhaps several of the taniilies currently recognized as
Sconibroid belong he*/ . Krom the Sq u a luipiniw)! the I'leitogiiallii are cai-
taiiily descended. The close relation of /ialisfes to Tcnihi8 admits of no
tloubt. Tliis relation.ship is shown in the osteology, the r(^dnced post-
temporal and coalesced boues of Jaws, in the great development of tin
pubic hone, in the restriction of the gill ojx'nings, and in the character of
the scales, especially the armature of the tail. In a natural system the
/>V/7J8//V?rr would follow the Teuthid'uhv and Sujanidw. The Tcnthididtr and
the lialU 'hi' are as nearly r«'lated to each other as the Ephippidw are to
the r/frc. )nHd<t'. («7Hffm«, scale: ;>m»a, tin. The gr(»up is called Ti^jje/us
inia by ('oj)e, but tlie uauio Sijnamipiuues is older, and the Chatodontido
are the chief cttustitnents of ))oth groups.

Families of S(ii;amipinne8.

a. Post-temporal bifurcate or trifnrcate, not nnitpil with the skull ; dorsal fins 2; sepa-
rate tcetli slender, liiirdly Iu'uhIi like ; iiiaxiMiiry di.stinct. Kpnii'i'iu^;, CLxn
aa. Post toniporal iipparently simple, tlrnil.v united to the skull, dorsal tin contlnuoiiN.
ventral rays 1, fi.
/). Teotli brush-like, setiforni, tliick sot; post-temporal witli a fonmen whicli is
usually fully i)errorate; carnivorous (Ishes willi the intestinal ranal short
the caudal i>edunele unarmed and llio pubic bone not greatly develojied;
maxillary distinct.
c. Scales well developed. CH^KTonoNTro^f;, ci.xv.

tc. Scales reduced to minute asperities; some of the dorsal spines tilamentou.s.

ZANfI.U)/F., CLXVI.

66. Teeth incisor-like, in a single series; post-temporal with u foranu'n which
does not i)as8 thronjiii tiu) bone ; scab's minute, roujjii ; herbivorous fishes
witli the intestinal canal elongate; the caudal peduncle usually armed
with spines or tulieriles; maxillary and jiremaxillary immovably united;
l)ost-tenii>oral united witli skull; pubic bones very long, hcnt, firmly
attached to each other. TeuthujID.*, clxvu

Family CLXIV. HPHiri'ID.FL

(TiiK Spade-fishes.)

Body compressed, usually greatly elevated, the anterior profile steep,
the caudal peduncle short. Scales moderate or small, ctenoid, densely
covering the soft parts of the vertical tins; lateral lino present, f(dlowin,ii
the curve of the back. Month small, terminal, horizontal; premaxilla-
ries slightly ])rotractile ; maxillary short, without sujjplemental bone,
partly 8lii>ping under the narrow preorbital; jaws with bands of slender,
]»ointed, movable, brush-like teeth; nostrils double; pre* percle very
finely serrated or entire; gill membranes broatlly attached to i.vtamus, the
openings restricted to sides; branchiostegals 6 or 7; pylori^ ctnca few;

1 1'

Jordan and Evermann . — Fishes of North America. 1667

;jill rakers very nhort; pseudohrancliiip present. Dorsal liiin 2, Houw^what
(!oiinect«'d, Ww lirHt of 8 to 11 spinen, which are dopreHsible in ii groove;
soft dorsal and anal tins anteriorly high, their bases thickened by the
stales; aii;il spines 3 or 4, short: candal tin trnncate or doubly conoiivc;
liectorals short, the rays all branched; ventrals thoracic, normally I, 5;
sometimes rndimentary ; a hirge iiccessory scale as in the Sparido'; air
Itliuider larp;e, «'ommonly bifurcate in front, and with 2 slender horns
hebind. Vcrtcbnc lO-\-H~-'2l. I'ost-toitiporal bifurcate as usual among
lishes, not joined to the skull. As here nndorstood, a group of about 4
:;enora and 10 or 12 species, related to the Chntodontidw but showing
important ditlerences in the skeleton, which shows resemblances to both
Scombroid and Sparoid formf. Shore tishes' mostly of large size, in warm
seas, often valued as food.

The following diagnosis of this family is given l»y Dr, Gill: Oha'todon-
loidea with a wid(^ scaly isthmus extending from jiectoral region to the
(hiuaiid Hepariiting the branchial ap<'rtures; spinous partially dideren-
tli|tc(l from the Hott ])ortion of dorsal; upper jaw scarcely protractile;
ethmoid carlnifoi'iu above (not sunk and concave) and vomer declivous
1 ii(»t |irn|ecting forward or refuse), parapophyses sjjiniform and posteriorly
iiicloHJng a ha'mal canal, and post-temiioral bones bifnrcated. (KphippuH,
etc., Giiuthor, Cat., li, (il, 18(50.)

Ki'lllPPtNiE:
(I. First dorsal fin cotiiiioHi'il of spiiii's connected by ineinliraiii', llic (liird spine lii^liest;
ventrals well doi l()])i'd, I, 5.
,'(. Scales small, f .'> (o 70 in tlie liitcriil line. rn.i;roi)ii'TEui;s, Go.'i.

MoNODACTVLlNyK:
((((. First dorsal tin coniijoscd of sliorf free sjiines, tlir last one iiigliest ; vejifials small
or rudimentary,
c. Ventrals sniull but uominlly doveloi)ed. tin- rays I, f); body not deeper tiiuu
long. I'AUAesETTrs, 060.

655. CH.<ETODIPTERUS, Laeepede.

t'h(t1odipterus, LACKi'ftni;, Hist. Nut. Poiss., iv,50,1, 1802 (j;/u»jiicH faber).

Body much elevated and compressed, its outline nearly orbicular, the
anterior profile nearly vertical. Scales small, .">.') to 70 in the course of the
lateral line. .Jaws about equal; no teeth on vomer or palatines; teeth <!D
Jaws slender, somewhat movaltle; preoperc'e finely serrulate. Uranchios-
trniila tl. Dorsal tins 2, somewliat connected, the first of nstially Osjiines,
Hie third of which is elongate; anal spines 3, small, the second the longest;
\entral with a large aci'essory scale. Pyloric caca 4 to 6. Americ.in;
distinguished from the Asiatic genus EpUippns, by the very much smajjer
xales. (^(r/rof^fwr, (hatodon; 5/?; two; nrffjov, fin, the dorsal bei/ig
divided.)

(/. Third dorsal spine more or less elev.ited, especially in ihe young. Ailantic.

FAHER, 2080.

ita. Third dorsal spiue scarcely higher than I'ouith, not more ilian A length of head.

Pacific. zo.N atus, 2tml.

■ ^

. ■•)

P

.: .i

16G8 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

SOSO. ril.KTOIMPTKiUrs KAIIKIt (liroiiHHoiiot).
(Anohl-kisii i Spai>kki«ii.)

TIraa :i to Hi; doptli 1 to 11. 1). VIII-I, 20; A. Ill, 1«; scales fiO; ca-ca
4 to fi. Vortical fins low in the youiif;, falcate in ttio udult. Tliird dor-
Hal spine more than \ head, in adult about as lonjj; as from tip of snout to
edg« of prcoperdo, its membrane blackish, more prcxlncfd in the yoiinji;
cliin witli a row of pores; ]»r«orbital nearly as wide as oye; jxtctoral con-
sidcrably sliorterthaii ventral, the first soft ray of the latter fihunontouK.
Grayisli; a dusky band acr()88 the eye to the throat; o. second simihir
band, broader, bcj^inning in front of the dorsal and cxtondinj^ a<roH8 base
of pectoral to the belly ; a third band, narrower, extending to middle of
sides, from the base of fourth and iifth dorsal spines; a fourth broader
baud from tlio last dorsal spine to the anal s]iines, the remaining ItandM
alternately short and long; all of these bands growing obscure and dis-
ai>pearing with age; ventrals black. Length 2 to 3 feet. Cape Cod to
Rio Janeiro; very abundant on our South Atlantic coast; an excellent
food-fish, reaching a large size. Very large specimens, which we suppose
to be old individuals, but which have been regarded as a distinct species
( Kphippus ffi(/n8, ('uvier), have the occipital crest and anterior iuterhii-mals
developed in thick bony niasses. Similar changes occur in the adult of
Selene and other Carani/'uhi: {J'nher, blacksmith; the species was called
Fither marimm by Sloane.)

ruber viarinnx /ere r/«rtrfrafi(« {tlio Pilot-flsli) Sloane, Nat. Hist. .Tnniaica, ii, 2!)0, jil. '_',')1,
1793, Jamaica.

ChiPlddon fahcf, ISroussonkt, Tditli. Bccas, 1, v, pi. 4, 1782, Jamaica ((JolL.T. Kllis) ; Caro-
lina (Coll. Ur. IJliigilcn). [Society Islands, ISai'ks Si. Solaiider. |

Znis ijuadratus, Gmklin, Syst. Nat., I, 1225, 1788, Jamaica; after Faher inarinvg fere
(juadrutuH of Sloane.

Chfptodon plumieri, rii.ocn, T('htliy.,pl. 211, 1703, Martinique; after Pi.t^MiEn.

Selene <jvadraiif)iilans, T,.\('i:i'i':i)K, HiHt. Nat. Poi.ss., iv, .'504, 1803, Jamaica ; after Sloan'K.

Chn'todnn ov!/(>nnh; M iTcnn.L, Tran.s. Lit. Jind Phil. Soc,., i, 1815, 247, pi. .I, tig. 4, New York.

Kphippus giijax, Cuviku, Kt'^no Aniin., Kd. u, Vol 2, 191, 1829, America; very old
exainple.s with swollen occipital crest; OOnthbr, Cat., it, t51, 1800; IIoliiiiook, Ichtli
S. Car., 107, 1860.

Kphipimgfaher, CCntiiek, Cat., n, 01, 1800; noLimooK, Iclitli. S. C.ir., 107, 1860.

Chcetodipterus/aher, Jokdan \- (Ju.iiekt, Synopsis, 613,1883.

20.H1. (ILKTOniPTKKI'S ZO.\ATI S (Cirard).

Dorsal VIII-I, 18; anal II, 16; scales 70. Long rays of soft dorsal and
antil i longer thtm head. This species agrees with Chotodipterua faher in
nearly all respects. The chief differences are that behind the great band
from soft dorsal to anal in C. zonatua there are 2 other biinds; 1 under mid-
dle of soft dorsal, the other at base of caudal, both distinct comphite
rings; no other bands. The third dorsal si)ine is not very liigh, being
only about \ length of head, and about twice lieight of the fourth.
Length 2 feet or more. Pacific coast of Aiiicrica, Siiii Diego to Pananiti;
rather common southward. Occasionally seen at Ma/atlan, several speci-
mens being taken by us in the Astilhro. It was found by Dr. Gilbert at
Mazatlau and Panama, The original type of the species came from Sau

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America, 10C9

Diej?o, where no Huthor aubsequont to Girard lias B«(eii it. It is probably
j^ontTally ditlUHod alon^ tlm coast, although loss abiiiKlaiit than tho corro-
Hj)oiidin>; species {Cli<ito<Ui)tcni8 fabir L.) is in tho Atlantic. {zonatuH,
/ouod or banded.)

i:i)liiiii)ii>i zonalu.1, OiUARn, Tar. II. K. Siirv., .\, pi. 110, 18.'>8, San Diego. (Coll. A. CiishIiI.v.)
Cliii'lodiptenit zonatuu, Jobua.n, (.'at. Fi.sli08, 10'2, 1885; Kvkkman.n a Jknkins, I'roc. U.S.
Nat. Mu». l.SUl, 160.

656. PARAPSETTUS, Steiiidarhiur.
I'araincttus, .Stkindaiiinek, Ichtli. licit., 111, M, 1875 (imnamentU).

Mod.v short and dcei*, much compressed, tho depth not greater than tho
length. Scales very small, strongly ctenoid, covering the soft rays of the
vertical lins; lateral line evenly arched. Snout short, vertically truncate
iit tip; mouth small; teeth close set, slender and sharp, in 3 or I rows, the
(tutor slightly larger. Opercles unarmed. Soft dorsal and .anal long and
high, the tips falcate; spinous dorsal represented by 9 short free .spines,
scarcely rising above tho surface of the scales; anal with 3 very small
spines. Pectorals short; ventrals small, I, .'>; caudal double concave, the
(inter lobo pointed, tho median lobe rounded. One species. This genus
(lillers from the East Indian Monodaetyhis {-^I'settiis Cuvier & Valonci-
imnes) in having the ventral fins perfect and the body not excessively
deep. The relations of this genus seem to us evidently with the Eph't])-
pidtv rather than with the Scombroids, among which MonodartiiluH has been
generally placed. JJut Capros and AnWionia art! not far distant from it.
[Ttapd, near; Pscttiis, from ipijrTix, a llatiish, turbot.)

2082. l»ARAl'SETTi:S PAXA.MFXSIS, Steindachnor.

Head 3; depth 1,!. D. IX, 28; A. Ill, 24; T. 18. Form of Clmtodipierna
faber; the snout very blunt, the lower Jaw included; maxillary reaching
middle of «\ve; eye longer than snout, 1 in head. Last dorsal spine ,J
as long as eye, as long as third anal spine; longest rays of dorsal and anal
as long as heail, last ray of dorsal and anal shortest, the posterior part of
lin rounded; caudal slightly longer than head; pectoral slightly shorter
than head; first soft ray of ventral filitbrm, twice length of last, 2 in
head. Color silvery gray, paler below; bas(* of caudal yellowish, with
Inown dots. Panama (Stoindachner); rare; several specimens lately
obtained by Dr. Gilbert.

rarapsethis jianamcnsit, Stei.'^uachnek, Iclitli. I5cit., ui, .'ii . 1875, with an excellent liguro,
Panama.

Family CLXV. ClIyETODONTID.E.'

(TllK 15UTTKI{FIA'-I-'ISI1I'.,S. )

liody strongly compressed, elevated, siiboibicular in outline, covered
with moderate-sized or small scales, which are finely ciliated or nearly

* For a review of the genera and species of Cha'todontiditj of > rth America see paper
liy Eigeumaiui & Iloruing, iu Auiiala N. T. Ac. 8ii., iv, . j87, 1-18.

» .

'J !■::

;^'f

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1670 Bulletin //, United States National Afuseum.

aniooth; luti-ral line iiresent, concnrrent with the hack, not extending on
the cuudal lin; mouth Hiiiall, protractile, terminal; niiixillary very Hhort.
irregular in form, divided in two by a longitudinal suture; u|»imt part ol
skull Holid, occipilal crest strong; poHt-teninoral iiriuly Joined to tht
skull, its form really trifurcate though ap])uai ig simple, the interspaco>
between the forks Hlled in by bone ho that o 'v a foramen is left; Itisl
bone of suborbital ring firmly Joined to the pruoperculum; tooth bruHli
like or aotiform, often extremely long, in narrow bands in the Jaws; ih>
teeth ou A'omer or palatines; no canines, nutlars, or incisors; eyes lateral,
of moderate size; branchiostegals (5 or 7; psoudobranchia' very large; air
bladder present. Gill membranes more or less attached to the isthmus;
gill rakers very small. Dorsal fm single, continuous, its rayssomotinicH
filamentous, its soft part as well as the soft part of the anal densely cov-
ered with small scales; anal similar to the soft dorsal with 3 or 4 spines;
ventrals thoracic, I, 5 ; caudal nanally truncate. Vertebrjc 10 -f- 14 = 24, the
anterior abbreviated; insertion of the ribs inferior; post-temporal usual1,\
reduced, and not bifurcate. Carnivorous fishes of the tropical seas, noted
for their singular forms, bright colors, and great activity. Genera 8 to 10;
species about 180, most of them belonging to Chatodon and Pomacantlnis.
The excessive quickness of sense and motion enabhi these fishes to main-
tain themselves in the struggle for existenc(^ in the close competition of
the coral reefs notwithstanding their bright colors. The young are very
different from the adult, ami pass through a stage termed Tholkhthi/s in
which the membranes are greatly developed, forming coll.ars and sheaths
about head and neck. {Sqitami2nnnc8, part, Giinther, Cat., ll, 1-57, I860,)

CH^TODONTlNi«:
a. Preopercle unarmed ; dorsal Bpiiies not Ki'ftd«<ttd< »onio of tlie in(<dinii H])ines lougcr
than tlio last Hpiiios; mchIch comparatively larj;o (young with tlio Thnliehthy.s
form).
b. Snout (nasals, palatines, etc.) with premaxillari(?8, articular, and dentary hones
TDUch produced, beak-like; cleft of mouth, with maxillaries, short; lateral liiii>
ceasing under soft dorsal.
(!. Dorsal spines 12 or Vi; soft rays about 20 (19 to 23).

d. Scales large; beak moderate. Pkoonathodes, 0,57.

d(l. Scales small, about 75 in liorizontal series; beak very long.

FoRcipiaEii, C.")8.

hb. Snout little if at all ])rodiiccd; dor.sal spines usually 12 to 14; not graduated,

some of the middle ones liighest; anal spines 'i. C'h.ktoijo.v, 65!).

POMACANTIIIN^K:

aa. I'reoperde armed at its angle with a very stro'ig spine, which is sometimes grooved.

e. Interopenle unarmed; vertical limb of iireopercle above 8])ino entire or nearly

SO; dorsal (in with 8 to U sphics. its soft rays 215 to 32. PoM.vcA.NTHrs, (iCU.

ee. Inten)])erclo short and broad, armed with 1 to 4 strong spines; preojjorcle ser

rate or spinous; dorsal spines about 14, graduated, the last one longest:

"scales rather small : isthmus very narrow.

/. Vertical limb of preoiierele Him))ly serrate, with lii to liO snuill teeth ; bod.v

oblong, rather robust. IIolacantiics, Clil.

/'. Vertical limb of jireoporele with J to 9 consi)iciioii8 s])ineH; body ovate.

much compressed, Anuelichthys, 662.

T'

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1G71

657. PROGNATHODES, Oill.

I'rognathodeii, (Jill, Pro*;. Ac. Nat. 8ci. IMiiln. 1802, 2:m (pclta aculratut: imnm only) .

This genus is inturni«Mliute brtwoeii Chelmon iiiid Chatodon, having th«
|)ro(luc('(l snout of tliu fornuT and n tin formula more like that UHuully
Hoen in the latter. .Scales large. One H)»ttie8 known. {Tt/jo, before;
yyixOo?, jaw; c/SoS, likonosa.)

2088. IMtOdNATIIOUEK AllILKATIS (IVioy).

Head 3; depth 2. I). XIII, 19; A. Ill, 1.5;. scales 8-IO-lf». Snout mod-
erately produced, uboiit k length of head; profile steep, concave. Maxil-
lary reaching to middle of snout. Anglo of i)reopercle rounded, minutely
serrate. Dorsal spines long and very strong; fourth sjtine 2 in depth;
membrane between spines deeply notched; soft anal higher than soft
dorsal, their basal halves alone scaled; caudal truncate. Uniform reddish
brown, with shining lonj^iitudinal streaks, following the series of scales;
spinous dorsal and its base blackish; soft dorsal bordered with orange;
other lins yellowish or colorless; border of opercle orange; ocular band
dark, narrower than eye, without jtaler border, not extending below eye.
(GUnther.) West Indies. Known only from the accounts of Giinther and
Poey. (aciilfatiia, s|)ine.)

Vhelmoii aculeattis, I'oEY, Memoriae, n, 202, July, I860, Havana.
Chelmo pelta, GUntueu, Cut., u, .18, Septi'iiilM'T, 18C0, lociilitv iinknowii.
I'rofjuathodes aciili-atun, PoEy, Syuopals, 354, 1868; Eioenmann &. HoUNiNO, Aim. N. T.
Ac. Sci., IV, 1887, 2.

li

658. FORCIPIGER, .Jordan & McGregor.
Foreipiger, Joudan &. McGiiKdOii, new genus (lomjiroxtrit).

This genus differs from Chehnon, Cuvier, in the long and high spinous
dorsal, which is composed of 12 stout spines (9 in Chelmon). The snout,
as in Chtlmon, is very long and slender, bearing the short, lorcep-like
jaws at the end. From Pro<inaihodi8, a genus still more closely related,
Forcipifier differs in the small scales, there being about 75 in a horizontal
wenes. Pacific Ocean. Two closely related species known — /•'. loiKjirontris
(Cuvier & Valenciennes) from the East Indies, and the following, (forceps,
tweezers ; (]e)'o, I bear. )

2084. FOBI'IPHIKU FI.A VISSIMrS, .Ionian &. McGregor, new species.

Head 21; depth 2; eye (il in head. 1). XII, 22; A. Ill, 17; snout 1^ in
iioad. Potly short, strongly compressed, its outline angular; anterior
protile very steep, concave. Mouth small, at the tip of the projecting
snout; cleft of mouth 1^ in eye. Scales ((uite small, ctenoid, 9-75-35,
irregularly placed, smaller on head and bases of tins, the rows along lateral
line parallel with it only anteriorly, those below run horr/.ontally on lower
parts of the body and irregularly upward and backward above; lateral
line concurrent with the back. Dorsal spines extremely strong, fifth

-■(■

1672

linlUtin /7, United States National Museum,

apino If in bend, lon|i^ost Hoft rays 2j in heiid; caudal 2,'; in head, sli^litly
tunate, upper lobe longer; third anal Hpino very long, much lunger tiian
Hecond, l.;| in head; pectoral 1^ in head; ventral \\ in hea<l. Color briglii,
orange, deepest at base of dornal; hea«l and n.-ipe abruptly bla( k to level
of lower i^oint of eye, below thiH ])oiut rud<liBh pearly; breaut and lown
jaw nearly white; preorbital bones ]>aler than cheekH, which are niottleil
with bntwiiiah; median regi<m of top of head paler; pectoral slightly
dusky; dorHtil and anal colored like body, the hiHt rays of anal with :i
large black blotch, vertically oblong, its longest diameter a little greater
than diameter of eye, not ocellated a.s in h\ lomjWoHtru ; soft rays of dorsnl
and anal blackish at tip, the very edge pale; caudal abruptly blackisli.
This species is extremely close to F. lonyiroatris, which is common in tlio
Kast Indies. The American species ditlers, however, in the deeper body
and the much larger anal spot, which is almost round in the East Indian
species. Rocky Islands, otf the west coast of M(!xico; numerous speci-
mens from Clarion and Socorro islands, (> to 8 inches in length. (Jlari88i-
VIU8, very yellow.)

Forcipiger Jlavixtimn/i, Jokdan \- McGkkciou MS., Clarion iiiiil Socorro islands, Revil-
lagigedo Archipelago. (Type, No. 5709, L. S. Jr. Univ. MiiH. Coll. Kiclinrd (J. Me
Orogor.)

659. CH^TODON '■ (Artedi) Linnanis.

( ISUTTEKKLY-KISIIKS.)

ClKVlodon, AuTKDi, Gonora, 51, 1738 (niiniorous Hpociuti, the first one mentiouod bolo.ngiDg
to I'umacunthvii; nonbinoniiul).

Tetragonoptnig, Klein, llistoria Pisciiuii, 37, 1744 (many species; strialus, etc.; non-
binomial).

ChfKtodon, LiNN.T.us, Systoma Nature, Eil. x, 272, 1758 (includt's all known Cha'todnntid(v).

Vhalodoii, CiviEK, l{tj.;n() .Vninial, Ed. 11, \'ol. 2, 189, 1820 {»tnatus, cainstralwi; lirat
restriction ol' the niimo to the present group).

h'abdophonm, Swainson, ClaH.s'n Fishes, 11, 21, 1839 iephippium) .

Cilliarwdus, Kaup, Wiegmann's Archiv, 1860 {iiwi/eri).

Linophora, Kaup, Wiogniann's Arehiv, 1860 {aiiriga).

tiarofhrodnf!, Giu., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Thila. 1862, 238 {Chmtodon CliVlEli, nee AiiTKDi;
offered as a substitutu I'or C'lia'tudon, the latter name being tran.sl'erred to I'omacaii
thus).

Tholichthys, UiNTMKU, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 18G8, 4r)7 {ossciin,- larval lorin).

Tetraijonoptrus, Bi.kkkku, Kev. Famille (Mia-todouioidus, 52, 1877 (ttriattis).

ChiHodontopg, Hi.EKKKU, t. <;.,53, 1877 (riilltiris).

Ifemuiicetudoii, JM.ekkkk, i. ('.,53, 1877 {capUtratus).

[ji'jndochu'todon, Mi.ioEKKU, J. c, .'>4, 1877 (iinimnctUattts).

(lonocha'fodoii, I'.LEKKEU, i.e.,. "it, 1877 {tnanimlnvi).

Chatodon, Jordan \-. (iii.iiEUT, Synopsis, 014, 1883 (restriction \n ca2>in(raUis)

Anitochcetodon, KlOnzingku, Fische des Kotheu Meerea, 54, 1884 (aiiriga).

* The Linniean genus, dhwlodon. is based on varuius si)oeie.-', eliielly of this family, the
Pumacentridce and Triit/iididie. Forskiil, in 177.'>, removed the latter elements to' form
his subgenera .li(((/('/</('/ and AcaiilliurKU; I'dinacanthim and Uolafunlltus were removed
by Lacepede, r.nd by Ciivierthe genus was limited e.Hsentially to its present boundaries.
One of the two Liiimean species, Uriatiis and cni>in(ratux, mentioned by Cuviermust be
regarded as the type of Chwtodon. Of these stiiatun was chosen as tyjio of Tetrac/onup
tenis, which would apiiarently leave capittraliis as the type of VIm'todon. The use by
lUeeker of Vhmtodon for I'oVKicaiithns is justilicd only by the peculiar rules of nomenclii
ture adopted by lUeeker. This code recogni/ed pre'^aiimean genera, and made the lirst
species mentioned under a new geuerit; name as the type of it.

Jordan aud F.vcrmanit. — Fishes of North America. 107.3

Body short, deep, very strongly roinproftsod, oHpo(!liilly al)ov« and bnliind ;
lnMid small, coiiipreHsed, almost everywiioro Ht-uly ; mouth very hiiiiiH,
tormina], the Jaws pntvidi-d with long, HltMidor, lloxihle, Itristio-Uko tooth;
\(inicr HomctimoH with toeth; prooiHTculiim entire or nearly h«», without
H,iiuo. DorHul lin Mingle, continuous, not notclu-d, tho H])iuouH ]uirt longer
than tlio soft part, of ab(Uit 13 spiuos, tho spincH not graduated, Homr
(f the middle ones being longer than tho luHt; lant rays of soft dorsal
usually rapidly Hhortoiied, some of tht>m ocoaHioually tilamontoiis (in Kast
Indian Hpocit's); caudal pedumle short, the caudal lin fan-shaped; anal
Miiiilar to soft dorsal, preceded by 3 or 4 strong spines. Ilody covered
w ith rather large ctenoid scales, somewhat irregular in tlu-ir arrangement;
I iit> lateral line curved, high, parallel with the back, (iill openings rather
narrow, the membranes narrowly joined to tho isthmus; branch iostegals
(1. A very large genus of singular and beautiful lishcs, abiuip.vling in the
tiopical seas, especially aliout volcanic rocks and conil reefs; nmst of
tliom have tho body crossed by transverse black bars. 'I'hcy are all very
;i( tive, feeding on small animals, {xairti, bristle; ol^nvz, tooth.)

a. Scales on trunk all subnquiil, their poHteriur niargiim rcf^iilurly ruunded. Noun of

the rays of the Koft dornal produced.
Cii-KTOUONTOI'S (('hwltidoti; uj\jj, a|>))caraiicc) :

b. Series of Htwilen lidow axis of liody rinuiiii;:ol>lii|ii('ly upward and backward, the low-

eHt beeoiniiiK more or Ichh liori/oiitul.
0. Ucular baud exteudiii^ from nape only to e.>e; a trauHverHO band between eyc.s.

NKllMltOSTIUS, 2085.

CO. Ocular band extending from nap<! beyond eyo across tiic check and intcroperclo.
d. Base of soft dorsal with a large black spot, not ouellated.

DCEI.LATUS, 2080.

lid. Haso of soft dorsal without black spot,

e. Humeral band present. IICMERAlib, 2087.

ee. ilumcral band ab.sent.

/. Body with a dark band lietwecn dorsal and anal, no caudal

ocellus,

g. Ocular band edged with yellowish or whitish above, soft

dorsal and anal witli much lilack. sEDKNTAKirs, 2UH8.

gy. Oculiir band .j('t-l)lack, not white edged; soft dorsal and

anal without idack. ava, 2()80.

//. IJody without black cross baiMi;^, tlic ocular liamlonly present ;

an ocellus on caudal peduncle. at.kniatih, 2000.

Ch-KTOUON:

bb. Series of scales below axis of body extending downward and l(a<'U ward, forming an

angle wili\ those aliovo, each .sia'ics marked by a continuous black streak.

h. Body without ocelli, crossed by dark bands. stiuaTUS, 2001.

hh. Hody with a largo black ocellus below soft dorsal. cai'ISTBATUs, 2092.

hlih. Body with 2 ocelli, a large one on caudal peduncle and a snuiller one on lirst

8 or 9 soft rays of dorsal bbicei, 209a.

i\

Subgenus CH.ffiTODONTOPS, TUeeker.

2085. I'H.tTODON MtiUIItOSTKIS (CJill).

D. XII, 24; A. Ill, 20; scales tl. Body deep, tho depth If in extrenm
length; snout little produced, its length less than that of eye; ocular baud
extending from dorsal only to eye, not iicro8.s tho check; miizzlo with a
3030 2«

ii

•

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I:

.!-

TiflR HI

li,

411

1674 nullctin /7, IhiHed States National Museum.

bltit'kiHh biiiitl; it tniiiHVt'rmi buml butwu<<ii lliu oyuH, iiiiich iiurruwur tliim
eyo; u biiii«l bntwtMMi dorHiil tin aiitl interoibitiil iir««ii, deHuoiidiii^ to tcn,-
pleHiiiHlbor(lur(><l witb wbitiHh; another aoroHHtloiHiil tin, caiiilal {MMliinch ,
and nuiir margin of unal, the anterior inurKin of >vhlrh extciulH from tlio
baao of tlin iint«M'ior Noft rays to axilla gf anal tin; oiiiidal, inodiicfd ]iiiit
of dovHiil, niiir^iu of aiinl, and nil of pectoral and ventral lina palu. ('ii|,<'
San LucaH; only tlieort);inal typra known, (hm/o)*, black; >-o«/r>M/(, buiiK )

Sarothriidm Mt'/WcoWWti, (ili.i., I'ror. Ac Nut. Sci. Philn. 18fl'.>, 24;i, Cape San Lucbs ('mII.

Xiiiilim.)
Vha-tiiilim ni>jnn>Mtiiii,.)om>AN .V <in.UKHT, Troo, V. S. Niit, Muh. 1««2, ;t63j Kiuknmakm .v

UuUMNd, I. v., 7, 1887.

tona. ni.KTOiM»\ orKUiATi's, iuim^Ii.

(I'AIUMM. J ISAIIKI.IT.V I)K I.A Al.TO.)

Head 3; deptb 1.1. 1). Xll or XIII, 20; A. Ill, U\; Hcalos «!-:J4-ir» HI i ,
u median Hi>ritiM. Hody Hnbrhoniboidul, the anterior protiln concave; .snout,
Homewliiit ]»rodnrod, lonnor than eye in adnit; lateral lino extenilin^- to
below posterior third of Hoft dorHal ; dorsal and anal tins an^ulated behnnl.
Color golden Ki'ay ; a larjje nonocelli'ted black spot on base of soft dtirHul,
an indistinct band exten<ling vertically from this spot to base of auul ; u
small black spot on tip'of soft dorsal (not present in young); ocular bainl
narrower than eye, extendinjj from in front of dorsal through eye ami
over interopercle; no humeral band; a black spot onopercle above. West
Indian fauna; common at Havana, the young straying northward in tiii<
Gulf Stream to New Jersey and Khodo Island. (oceUatua, with eye-liko
spots. )

Chivtinlon iit'ellalvn, lU.OCll, Iclithologiii, ))1. 211, llg. 2, 1787.

Vhivtoilon hliiMciilatun, Bux'ii, Iclillidlo^ia, 1)1.210, ll«. 1, 1790; Cuvier &. Valenciennkh,

IliKt.Nat.PoisM., vii,fl7, isai; ToKV, Meinorlas, u, 1171, 1800; GltNiiiKn, Cat., n,!t,18G0;

J()Ki>A\ iV (Ju.inaiT, SyiioiMis, 040, 1883.
Hanitlirodumnaculociiictui,* CiU.i,, Proc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. Pliila. 1801,00, Newport, R. I.; younc.
Sarotlirtxlus amiiU:ticiiUin, I'OKV, lOiiiiineriitio, Oil, 187.'>, Cuba; young.
OlitfUodon iiiaeuloiHnctiiH, Joudan \-. (in.iiKit'i', .Synopsi.t, <U6, 1883.
Cliietodun ocellatuM, Ekie.nman.n &, IIoumno, I. c, 7, 1887.

2087. < II.KTODON III MKItAI.IS, (iiintlier

(MuSkca; Doi.i, Fish.)

iread3; depth U; eye:?. 1). XIII, lit); A. Ill, 17; scales (i-:J0-17. Mody
deep, the back elevated, the prolilo steepand slightly concave or .straight;
snout very slightly produced, shorter than eye. Scales rather large; .ill

" Cliwtodon maciilocinctii.1 (Gnx). Head 23; ilopth IJ. 1). XII, 19; A. Ill, 17. liody
Hiiborbicular, closely (Mini]>reHHe<l ; proUlo steep, concave, tliti Bhort xnuiit j)ro,ji't'tin;;;
nioiitli very sniiill, niaxilliiry not riiachinf; tlie vcitical from the anterior nostril; cauiliii
l)eilunclo very short; luteral lino beuinnin); at iiiiper angle of operde, running ol)li(|iitly
upward to o]>posito tlio base of noft dorHal and tiien decurved, ending opposite extremity
of soft dorsal. Olivaceous, darker above; a dark-brown band from beginning of doi>-.il
tin obli(|uely forward through eye and across the cheeks; a second bar beginning in ,i
blotch on H(»ft dorsal, runs vertically atToss the body. Atlantic coast in the (iulf Stream;
doubtless the youug of Chaitudon occllatut.

Joniau aud EvettnanH. — rishes of North Anicriai, 1075

in Mt-rloH niiiiiiiiK nitwiu<l ami l»m'l<\viinl, IIm* H««ri«s not iMiirkc«l liy coiitlii-
iHiiiH liliK'.k HtriNikH, oitlit'i' plain (ir wiili dimky HpotM; liiteral liii<> oxtt^iul-
ini^ t<» lioluw iiimtt'iior »mi(1 ul" suit dniHiil. Coloi- ;;i>lilt>ti K'".v ; lh«» Itliitk
(Millar liiind nnrruwin' than o,ve, ed^til >vitli pulo, cxtt^ndin^ tVum napu
ai'i-oHH «\vc iiiiil over cluM-k and int<'ro))ni-(lo; lnim<Tiil liatid picsont, liro.idcr
tliaii t^yc, I'Xti'iidinK lioin tVotit of spinous dorsal tliitin^b liaHo of pt'cloral
10 ventral; a lirou<l hand iVoni last dorsal spines tu haso of anal; soil dor-
sal and anal with a dark hand parallol witii tho niarj^in; :i dark liandu
acroHs cautlal pt-diinrlr at hanu id' lin; ramlal tin with a taint hainl; von-
na Is dark; ]it;(>toral ant I cd^i^sol' vurti< al tins pah). I'ai'ilic coast of tropiial
America frotn <inayniari ' .> Panama ;* very r.onimoii, «'Hpei;ially aliont rorks.
I.i'ny,th S iindies. A handsonu^ littlo tish. {hutueralia, iK-rlainin;; to the
shoulder from the hroad humeral hand.)

rhirtmhiii Inniifniliii. (irNTUKIl, Cut., II, 111, IHIKI, Sandwich Inlands (l>y orror) ; liiMiiKlt,
1''Ih1h's Cciitinl Amcriiii, H'.l, jil. (i,'i, liy. It, IHIWI; ICiiiK.NMA.NN i»i: IIoummi, /. c. s, I8H7|
KVICIIJIANN \ .iKNKlNs, I'roc. U.S. Xllt. Mu8. ISUl, 1(10.

20HH. < iii:toim>\ si;i»i:>TAitirs, Pooy.

llead:U,; dejjth If. h. XIII, 2»; A. Ill, li); scales 7-:tS-17. llody rather
deep, the haek elevated; Huoiit suhuonieal, somewli.'it produced, scarcely
as loii^ a8 eye, the itiolile concave. Dorsal and anal somrwhat rounded
behind. Kows of scalcH cxtemling upward and hack ward on up]ier parts
<<\' hody, those ahove most ohli(|ue, those of siiles of hclly mostly nearly
liori/ontal ; no dark streakH alon-;; scales. Hody yellowish, tlnsky above;
iicular hand dusky, very hroad ahove, narrower holow, edjicil with whit-
ish ahove in front, and broadly niarj;ined with yellow behind above,
roiitinued below ai'ross the intcropercle. tho j'djiinjis iiierj;inK below to
silvery; a very broad tlarU-brown vertical hand from extrcMiiity of dorsal
across tail over posleritir half <d' .soft dorsal and anal, tidied iudiind with
white; camlal and ventrals jiale. West Indies; rather seance; our speci-
iiien taken by the Alhatross at St. Lucia. (xedi-Htariidi, quiot, juonc to sit.)

CliiHixUin svilentaiiiin, I'oKV, MuiiiuriiiH, ii, 'JOI!, 18(5(>, Cuba: Kuib.NMANN & Hduninu, I. c,

8, 18H7.
I'luvtitdon iiittcilU, (U'NTIIBK, Ciil., Il, 2(i, 18(iU, Caribbean Sea; West Indies.
Sttfotlirodu* scdentariiix, I'dkv, Syiioi»tds, ;iU4, 18U8.

i

!>•

•JOHH. (11 KTOI>(» AYA, .l..i(liin.

Head 2.i; depth 1:1; snout 2ii in head. D. XU, 1«; A. Ill, 17; scales
!)-I56-17. Hody short and deep, 8tronH:ly compressed. Snout narrow,
sharp, considerably produced, its outline lbrmiu<j; in front of eye a sharp
aii}j;le with the prolilo of tho head; anterior profile steep and straij'lit
liom before eye to lirst dorsal spine; eye larf;e, about as lonj; as snout
(in young), a little longer than post-orbital part of head. Dorsal lin
high, the second spine highest, very strong, as long as head; soft dorsal

* ICrronuoiiHly attributed to tbu Sumlwich Lslaiuls by I>r. (iiiiithur: tho lyiics itrobulily
troiii fanuuiu.

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WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

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1076 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

hi^h, higher than thu poHterior spiues, tho lougestrays about i, head; aiiiil
Hiinilui- to aoft UorHul, its hocoikI spine stouter than third, ami about <'i|iiiil
to it in length, about 4 length of head; caudal iin somewhat rounded, l.i
in head; ventrals not quite reaching anal; pertorals still shorter. Scalen
of moderate size, tlu^ soft parts of tho vertical tins loss scaly than usual :
lateral lino running very high and ceasing abruptly under tirst ray of suti
dorsal. Color in spirits, light yellowish, with 2 oblique jet-black cross
bunds, and no other spots or ocelli, first band involving first and second
dorsal npincs, then extending downward and forward, close beliind tin
line of the prolilo and across the eye and across the cheek, where it is
fainter; this band a little narrower than tlieoye; the Hecond Itand niont
than twice as broad as the first, beginning abruptly with neai'ly all the
membrane of the fourth and fifth dorsal spines, covering the fifth spine
from its base to near its tip; tho posterior border of the black band
extending from near the tip of the fourth spine in a straight line across
the dorsal fin and the body to near the base of the last anal ray; tho
anterior margin runs in a slightly concave line from the base of the fourth
sjiine to the middle of the base of the anal; the lower border follows the
base of the anal tin without including any of it; this band broadest on
the dorsal fin and gradually narrows downward; middle line of foreheail
with a dusky shade; no <lark on soft dorsal, caudal, caudal peduncle, anal,
pectorals, ventrals, or opercles. Glulf of Mexico, in rather deep water; tli<'
type \h inches long, taken from the stomach of Xcomanis luja on thi'
Sniipper Banks. («»/«, specific name of the fish {Ntomanta aya) in whose
stomach the type specimen was found.)

CAeefodon iii/o, Jordan, rroc.l'.S. Nat. Afus. 1886, 225, Snapper Banks, near Pensacola,
Florida (Type, No. 37747. Coll. Jordan & Stcarus) ; Eiuenmann &. Hobnino, I. c, x.
1887.

52090. liI.ETODOX AT.KMATLS (I'ooy).

A

Body oval, the depth 2 in total length; eye 3i in head (3 in young
of 1 inch); scales not in series, having contrary directions as in Chatodon
capiatratus; scales in lateral line 35, the scries ending at end of dorsal.
Color steel gray; fins yellowish; ocular band present, but no other cross
bands; below end of lateral line and above middh; of caudal peduncle a
black ocellus smaller than in Chwtodon capiatratus. Havana (Poey) ; known
from one very young specimen, unless Chwtodon univolor is tho same spe-
cies, as is probable, (a-, without; raivi'a, ribbon or band.)

Sarothrodut atcmiatun, I'OKY, Synopsis, 35!), 1868, Havana.

f Chwtodon unicolor, * Sauvage, IJull. Sci. I'hilom., iv, 222, 1880, Martinique. (Coll. Bt^lan
ger.)

* The following is the original description of Ghcetodon unicolor .- D. XIII, 19 ; A. Ill, If) ;
lat. 4U. Hauteur du corps conteiiue deux fois dans la louuuenr. Aluseau pointu, un pen
plus lojifitquelediainetrede I'oeil; preopercule denteJe. Corps decoleiir brune unifomie,
rembruni sur le dos; uue bande oculaire etroite; extr^mite ue la dorsale molle et de Tan-
ale de coui^^ur claire; ventrales griaAtres. Longeur 0.80 ui. Martinique. I161auger.
{tmicolor, cue-colored.)

ii

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1077

2001. Cil.KTODON STIHATIJN, Lliinirns.

(HUTTEHKLY.)

Head 3; depth li ; eyo3;?. D. XII or XI, 21; A. Ill, 8; Bcalos 8-40-16. Ilody
oviite, coinpreHsed, the anterior jtrofilc somewhat concavo. Soft dorsal and
Miiiil Homewhat angrlato b*-hiud; snout litth' produced, vory little lonjjer
tlian «'ye. Scries of soaloa above lateral lino riiuning npwiird and haek-
wjird, less straight than in Chatodon vapistratits, above and below with a
I ontinuons black streak, which i.s conspicuous, the Htreaks soniowhat
undulate, convarfjing backward. Series of scales below axis of body run-
ning downward and backward, more nearly horizontal than in ('hotodon
rajmtratus. Sid«» whitish, with narrow dark lines between the rows of
.scales; a black stripe from occiput through eye to lower side of head; a
broad, dusky band from anterior part of dorsal across sides behind pectoral
iind ventral, not hiding the longitudinal markings; an4»th«>r similar one
IVom posterior i)art of spinous dorsal to and across middle of anal ; an olive
biind across caudal peduncle and tins adjacent; soff: dorsal and anal light
lit base, a broad olive biind through middle, this edged with black, the tips
narrowly yellowish ; caudal similar, but with an additional col«»rles8 mar-
gin; olive mottlin.ijs at basi* of caudal; pectoral colorless ; ventral plain,
dusky, lighter at base; sometimes a large, ill-defined, rosy blotch behind
pectoral. West Indies to Brazil, rather connnon ; our speciiiien from Ituhia.
(«/>•».-<<««, striped.)

ChiHodon maerole%ii(^:tlns, lineiK utriiKpie trihus ni<;ris hili*, Artedi, Synopsis, 05, 17^8; no

locality.
Ldbrus rostro rcjlexu faaeiis lateraUInu Inhuxj'ugcU, LinN/KI's, AinaMi. Af.., i, 595. 1749 ; af'tttr

AllTEDI.

Vhattodon striatus, LiN.\;F,rs, Syat. Nat., Ed. X, 275, 1758, India (after Chmlodon inacrolei>i
dolus, etc., Artedi); Cuvier &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. PoisH., vii, 10, 1831; J'oev,
Memorlas, n, 371. I860; GC-.nthek, Cat., n, 8, I860; Eioenmann & Hornino, I. c, 8, 1887.

Sarothrodut striattm, Poey, Synopsis, 352, 1868.

Subgenus CH.STODON.

,,■ t

2U»2. Cli.ETODOX CAPIKTKATl'S, Linn.-niis.

(PARCHfe.)

Head 3i; depth IJ. D. XIII (or XII), 19; A. Ill, 17; scales 6-42-17.
Hody not very deep, the back moderately eh'vated, the anterior profile
somewhat concave; snout somewhat produced, as long as the eye; soft
dorsal and anal fins angulated behind; dorsal spines rather slender;
scales rather large, their arrangement peculiar, those above the level of
the upper part of the eye placed in straight serif's which run upward and
liackward, those below this line in series running similarly downward and
backward, each series of scales being sharply marked by a continuous
blackish streak on the skin underneath the scab's. Ocular band black,
edged on both sides with white, much narrower than eye, and extending
across eye and cheek, the 2 meeting on the nape; a very largo jet-black
spot, i broader than eye, broadly ocellated with whitish on body below
soft dorsal; soft anal and caudal each with a brown baud becoming black

l(i}78 Didldin ^7, United States National Museum.

on oacli (Mlge, tlio ono on caudal iiiOHt distinct; tlic edges of verticiil (ins
Jibinptly pair. Length (i inclioa. West Indies, generally common; our
npecimens examined from Havana. A most beautiful little fisb. {miu-
atratua, 'wearing a bridle or headdress. )

(Jhcetoihm capistrahit, Linn;j;us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 275, 1758, India; on a specinion in Miis
A(lolpliFre<loiicij Ci'viEUit Vai.k^ciknnes, Hist. Nnt. I'tiisH., vn, 64, 1831 ; (ilNTiii ii,
Cat., n, 12, 1800; Joudan & (Jilheut SyiiojisiH, !»4n, 1883: Ekjenmann A^ lIonNi.su, I. r.
9, 18K7.

SarothroduH capintratiin, Poky, Kiiiiiiittratio, 02, 1H75.

in.-

'y ■■■$'

. V'l-

2(H>:t. ni.KTonoN itni(;i:i, ir. m. Smith.

Head about 3; deptli 11; oyo largo, 2{; in head. l).Xin,20; A. III. IS;
scales (i-'iO-17. IJody short, deej), and mneh eompressed; profile steep.
slightly convex; head rather large, pointed; mouth small, terminal; snout
not produced, {; length of eye; lateral line beginning at posterior edge ol
eye, curving upward and Itackward, and terminating under anterior part
of soft dorsal fin; scales large, the rows above longitudinal axis ot
body directed upward and backward, those below inclined slightly down-
ward. Caudal peduncle very 8h(»rt, about as broad as eye. Dorsal long,
elevated, the longest spine 'i length of head; soft dorsal evenly roundetl ;
basal half of both portions of lin thickly covered with small scales; dor-
sal origin opposite posterior edge of opercle; anal fin deep, long, rounded,
the proximal | of soit ])ortion densely s(]namated, the small scales also
covering the bases of second and third spines; caudal short, rounded ;
pectorals J length of head, rounded ; ventrals as long as pectorals, pointed.
Colors in life : Geiu^ral body color, pearly gray ; a glistening jet-black liaml
about * width of eye and having a ibrward curve beginning a short dis-
tance in front of dorsal and extending downward through eye and thence
downward and backward to lower margin of gill opening; this not
extending on breast and hence not meeting its fellow of the opposite!
side; above eye this stripe is bordered on each side by a very narrow pale
streak; a dull luaekish baud, li times as wide as eye, running vertically
acro.ss body from base of dorsal to median line of abdomen; the anterior
border of this band extending from front ot dorsal to posterior angle of
opercle, thence itbliqnely downward and backward behind base of pectoral :
behind this band and separated from it by a space somewhat wider than
eye is another dark bsind, duller and f wider, with its anterior edge curved
forward and its posterior margin on the caudal peduncle; involving about,
J width of this band, and extending from dorsal to ventral edge of body
is a large, circular ocellus, more than li times eye, consisting of a dark-
blue spot surrounded by a narrow white zone, which covers a part of the
base of the soft dorsal; immediately above this, and within the cxtensiim
on the dorsal fin of the dark band, is another similar but smaller ocellus.
about the size of eye, involving first 8 or 9 rays of soft dorsal; a narrow
dark-brown vertical bar on caudal peduncle, separated from base of caud.il
rays and from that part of the broad body band posterior to the ocellus liy
narrow white spaces; head in front of ocular stripes, and breast, greeni.sli
yellow; a black cresccntic mark on t»percle; spinous dorsal dusky, the

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1G79

{capi

(lurk vertical band oxtiMiding on the lirst Twpincs; solt doiHiil diiik, with
sharply do'ined pale «^dgo; part of anal covered by Hcaloa dusky, with a
narrow darker margin; unsealed portion yellowish white; caudal and ito<r-
torals pale; ventrnls dusky, edged with yellow. Length IJ inches.
Woods Hole, Massachusetts; only the type and 2 (»thcr specinieuH knowu,
all ccdlected by Dr. H. M. Smith in the summer of IHflT; evidently the
young of Home tropical species brought north in the (>ulf Stream. (Named
fur Capt. .lohu .1. Brice, Ti. S. Commissioner of Fish iind Fisheries.)

i'lin-tiulonhricei, H. M. Smith,:»ii11. U. S.FishConnii. 1897, pi). 102-103, with pliilt-. Woods
Hole. (Ty)M<N'\48.'>20.)

66o. POMACANTHUS, T.accpide.

(ClIIUI VITAS.)

I'limacanthiis, LAcr^:pf:nK, IliHt. Nat. ToisH., iv, .'in, 1803 {areualiis, as restricted by Ciivior).

I'omacaidhodety Gnx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1802. 244 (zoniiteetua).

Vhcetodon, liLF.EKKK, Aicli. Nedcrl. Sci. Nat., XII, 5, 187C (transfcfrcil to siiccics of Voma-
ca7i//iu«, as the first species of Chcetodon mentioned by Artedi belongs to the latter
gruiip, and the first spoeieH moutioned by Lac6p6de nmlor I'omaeanthvn belongs to
/anclvt) .

Body much compressed and elevated, covered with small scales, among
wliich smaller ones are distributed so that the series are not distinct; pro-
open lo with a very strong spine at its angle, the vertical limb entire in
the adult, usually serrulate in the young; iiiteroperclo entire or nearly so;
dorsal fin entirely scaly, with .'' to 11 graduated spines; soft dorsal usually
much elevated in front; anal with 3 graduated spines; branchiostegals 6;
iiir bladder with 2 posterior horns; pyloric ca'ca numerous. Species few,
in the tropical seas; chiefly American; the young brilliantly colored, the
adult usually dull colored. The species vary greatly with age, and have
been almost inextricably confused, as the age variations are much inoro
striking than the specific distinctions. The numlM^r of dorsal spines is
usually diagnostic. {Tt'Ofta, operculum; dnavOiX, spine.)

I'OMACAXTHUS:

(T. Dorsal spines VIII to X, 29 to 32.

b. Scales in lateral line about 50 to D.n , dorsal VIII or IX, 30 lo 32. A. Ill, 24.

Colorof adult steel gray or scarjely yellowish; young with 4 ■.vhitish cross

bands. AUf-uATUS, 2094.

bb. Scales in lateral line 70 to 90; dorsal usually X, 29 or 30; anal III, 23 or 24.

Color black in a<lult, with yellow mottlings ; base of pectoral yellow ; young

with several yellowish cross bands. PABi;, 2095.

I'oMACANTHonES (Pomacatithut; «I6o?, likeness) :

aa. Dorsal XI, 23; anal III, 20 to 2i;. Adult brown, with a dark pector.-jl band; young

with about 5 yellow curved cross bars. zonU'ECTUS, 2096.

Subgenus POMACANTHUS.

2094. PO-HACANTHUS AUCI ATI'S (Linnnus).

(Black Anoel; Chirivita; Poutuoais.)

Head3i; depth H; eye 3^; snout 2^. T:^. VIII or IX, 30 to 32; A. Ill,
24; scales 8-53-27, the larger scales purrounded by smaller ones; caudal fin
rounded. Color : adult grayish without tinge of yellow, the center of each

>.*

TU

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hi

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I

■■U'

JC80 Bn//c/in ./y, United States National Musnim.

scale Macklsh, the \A%a i»early gray ; head and vertioal ftnsdiisky gray,their
tips ItlaokiHh; no pair Btripo bcforii eye; spare behind ]>roopercular Hplni'
pale; a narrow yellowish bar near tip of caudal, followed by a dark streak,
the tip of the iin whitish; pectoral yellowish, especially its inner side aii<l
its basal half, its tip translucent; no orange on baseof pectoral; lower Juv.
palo lleah color; ventrals brown, yellowish at tij); ycuinjfer individals
have a whitish cross bar on the anterior ])art of body, behind whi(!h nre
soniotinios still others; in alcohol rich russet brown, the black spot on
each scale faded, the pearly gray edge satiny white; vortical iiiis brown,
base of dorsal with numerous small white specks. Length \\ to 2 fool.
West Indies, occasionally north to Now Jersey, south to liahia. Common ;
lik« th«^ other species of the genus, varying oxc^ossivoly with age. Fro
»iuently taken with spear or hook; not valued as ii food-fish. (arciiutKn,
archod, ndating to the curved cross biuids.)

Ohietoilon arcutttui, Linn.*;l's, Syst. Nat., E«l. x, 273, 1758, India; from spw. Mii». Ad. Vv. ■. D.

VIII, 30; (liiHky with 5 dark bunds; roEV, Syiioimis, 351, 1868.
Chaitodonatireits, \UAM'n,lchi\iyo\.,i^\. 193, t\ji.i,l'iS7, Martinique; on n drawing; liy I'm

MiER, tlio HpinoH 9 in tho original drawinfi: Poky, Synopsis, 350, 1808.
Ohii'toilon liiteseeng, Honnateuke, Kncycl. Motli., 182, 1788, Jamaica ; alter Itnow.SE.
Cfiretodon littoricola, POEV, Synopsis, 351, 1808, Cuba (('oil. Pocy) ; black IIiih bordered with

ycllowisb; tin rays not counted.
J'omacanthHH balteatun, CrviEU & Valenciennps, Hist. Nat. Pidss., vii, 208, 1831, Porto

Rico (Coll P16o); P()EV,Monioria8,n, 371,1801.
I'omaeanthu* chigulatut, Cuviek vfc Valknciennes, Hist. Nal. Poiss., vii, 2011, 1831, West

Indies ; i)robably sent by Pk'o from Porto Ri(^o.
romacantltun quint] ueeinetus. CuviEii &, Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vii, 210, 18:il,

West Indies, probably from Porto Rico.
Pomaeanthxu axtreus, LACftPKDE, Ilist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 518, 1802: (Juviek A, Valenciennes,

Hist. Nat. Poiss., vu, 202, 1831; Ekienjiann &. Hoenino, i. c, 12,1887.
J'omacanthtit j>a)-u, GOntiieu, Cat., ii, 55, 1860 ; in part.
Pomacantlnis arcuatus, Jokdan &. Hutteu, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1807, 125.

20»5. POMAIAXTlirS PARI' (Hloch).

(Paku; Indian I''ish; Klatfish.)

Head 3i; depth IJ. 1). X, 29 or 30; A. Ill, 23 or 24; scales about 05 in a
median series, 85 to 90 in the series above the lateral line ; caudal fin trun-
cate. Color bla<'k; young with 5 yellowish cross bands, tho first on the
snout, the second across tho operclo, the third across the body under the
tip of tho pectoral Iin, the fourth across the posterior third of the body,
and the fifth on tho caudal peduncle ; the third turns backward above and
extends along the outer edge of the dorsal fin to its tip ; the fourth crosses
the anal near its middle and extends backward across dorsal in a similar
way; base of pectoral orange; caudal rounded, its border not pale; most
of the seal<!8 edged with yellow. This species is well distinguished from
Pomacantliua arcuatus at all ages by the smaller scales and by tho presence
of 10 dorsal spines instead of 9. The adults of the 2 are also different in
color. In Pomacanthi(8 arcuatua each scale has a whitish crescent; there
is a white .tripe from eye to nostril; the caudal and dorsal without pale
edge, and there is in) pale area behind preoi)ercular sfdue. In both spo-

li ViiM

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. lOSl

cieB the yoniij? show pale rross bands, and of thcHe the one Itehind the
HhoiiMtT jtersiNts longest. LengtL a loot or nior**. Wrst Indies, Hoiith to
r .Ilia; not rare H<»uthward; not yet recorded from the coastof the United
States. (I'arif, a Hra/.ilian name, used by Marcjjrave.)

ahatodon paru, IJi.oni, Iclithyol., pi. 107, l\ji. 1, 1787, Brazil ; on ii (Iruwiiitj; I'oKY, SyiiojmiM,

:)51, 18(18.
I'ovtaeantlniH ureiiatiit,* C'uvieu & VAi.ENfiENNE.M, lliHt. Niit. 1'oIhs., vii, all, 18^1; not

dhtHoihtn arriiatnn, L.; LOtken, Spolia Atlniitica, 01, 1880; JoitDA.N \ Oimikut, S.vii-

opniH, 61(1, lH8:i ; KlOENMANN & HoHNlNd, I. C, 9, 1887.

I'nmneanthux parii, Ci'viEU & V.M.ENriENN s, IliHt. Nat. I'oIm.s., vii, Jdr), IKll : (JI'nthkk,
Cat., n,55, 1800, ill part; .Ioruan Jt Kutteh, I'ioc. Ac. Nut. Sii. IMiila. 1807, 124.

Subgenus POMACANTHODES, (iill.

80»(>. PONAC'ANTlllS ZOMrECTI'S ((iill).

(MO.JAHUA KE LA.S I'IKDUAS.)

Head 3i to 3J; depth UinadnlttolJ in young; eye .3^^ in head. r).XI,23;
A. Ill, 20 to 22; scales 70. Profile very steep, uneven; preoptncnlar spine
longer than eye, .3^ in head; proorhital equal to maxillary, Ij^ in head;
last dorsal spine l^ in head ; longest dorsal ray ^ longer tlian head, fal-
cate; anal rounded, its soft rays miudi lower than those of dorsal ; caudal
short, truncate, li^ in head; ]»evtoral moderate; ventral very long, i- longer
than head, the tir.st r;i,v lilamentoiis. Scales irregular, largtt and small
ones intermixed, thostt of head, breast, and nape minute. Intcroperclo
with one stoutish spine; preoporcle very finely serrate. A large humj)
iit nape in adult. Adult, dark gray, blackish posttaiorly, most scales with
black centers ; edges of scales bright sky blue in life, especially posteriorly ;
a triangular bron/c-yellowpat(di in front of line connecting pectorals with
ventrals, then a diffuse blackish bar from front of dorsal ahmg region
behind pectorals to ventrals, tlu'n a broad curved bar of yellow, obscured
by blackish centers of scales, behind this a ditriiHe blackish area; breast
\ermiculated with blue and yellowish; a blackish bar covering most of
head, behind which the opercles and nape are yellowish ; Jaws i)ale bluish ;
dorsal orange, vermiculate with sky blue, the edge bright sky blue, below
which is orange; caudal orange, vev-miciilated with sky blue, the edge
or.ingc, the very margin blackish; anal blackish, vermiculated with sky
blue; pectorals light; orange, marked with grayish bin; ventrals largely
blue black, tipped with orange ; spine bluish. Young, pure black on dorsal
and anal; to]) of head with a median line of bright yellow, dividing at
the snout and extending along each side of mouth and m«!eting on throat
below; side with .5 very distinct narrow bright-yellow cross bars, strongly
convex forward ; blue lines between these bars. Length 18 inches. West
coast of tropical America ; rather common about rocks from Ma/.atlan to
Panama; a beautiful fish, showing great changes in color in the course of
development, {^dyvtf, zone; pectus, breast.)

^ Most recent, writers have called this sjiecies I'omacanthui) areiiatvt, but the tru« arcu-
(ttim ^A Linnicus must bo the preceding Bpecies.

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1082 Dulletin ./7, United States National Museum.

VmnacanihoAtt zonipeetui, Giu., I'ror. Ac. Nnt. Sri. I'lillii. 1862, 244, San Salvador.
Piitiiacanihus crrscentalit, JnnnAN \- (Jimikkt, Troc. U S. Nut. Mhm. 18H1,358, Mazatlan

yoiiiiK- (Type, N(». 'J8i;)lt. Coll. (iilbert.)
I'oiiiaraiilhiiii zimipirUm, Jordan &. (iiLUEUT,]'roc. I'. S.Nat. Muh. 1882, ;i7C; Kioknmann

iV lloKNlNO, J.c.,14, 1887.

66i. HOLACANTHUS. Liirr^i.ide.

I

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I "'W ■

(Cataijnkta.s.)

irolaeanthu*, T,Ari;;pi>.DB. IliBt. Nat. Poihh., iv, .V20, 180:i (tricolor).
(It.iiicanthun, Swainson, (JIhhh'ii FiMlics, ii, 211!, 1839 {laiiinrckii).
Oentiopi/ye, KaI'I', Wicniiiaiin's Arcliiv, .\xvi, 187«, 1118 {fibiren),
AeanlhoclicetodoTi, Blebkkk, Archiv Neerl. Sci.Niit., xii, 5, 187tl {lepiduleinH) .

lUuly (iblon);, rather robust, the hack not >;r«atl.v elevated nor coni-
pressoil; scales rather Hniall, roughiHh, olten mixed with snialh-r ones.
Verti<'al limb of the preopercle with small equal serrii- ; a strong spine :it
the angle of the ])r((opercU', this usually grooved; interoperclo Hhort,
armed with 1 to 4 strong sjtines. Dorsnl fin with 12 to 15 strong spines,
wliirh are usually gi-aduated, increasing in height to th(> last; soft dorHnI
moderate, with 17 to 20 r;iys, usually not (ending in streamers. Coloration
usually brilliant and well defined, the changes due to ago less thau in
Pomacaiiihus ; species numerous in all tropical seas, abounding about coral
reefs. (oAoj, whole; (htai'Oit, spine.)

a. Cuntlnl subtnincatc, Its aiiKlcH not proiliicod hi IHanioiitn, its color yollow

h. Scales ill lateral liiif 7.') to 80 ; aratlicr narrow (-urvod traiiMvcrm' w-liitisli Imiiil
lioliind Ijaso of pectorals, ilx width much loss than liMiKtli of iioctoral.

tasskr, 201)7.
66. Scales in lateral line about CO; body olive brown, with a very broad oraii;;e
area behind head, it.s width nearly uiiual to length of pectoral.

cr.AHIONENSIS, 20!)8.

an. (!audal lunate, its anjflcs produced in ttlanients; preorbital with a blunt spiiu';
body iiioatly bhu.'k, the bead and tail yellow; scales rather larger, about 48.

TKICOLOB, 20i»».

2007. H0LA<;ANTI{|!S PAN!iJ':R, Valenciennes.

Head 4; depth 2A. D. XIV, 17 or 18; A. Ill, 16 to 18; scales in lateral
lino 75 to 80. Scales subefjual iu size, the rows lengthwise and crosswise
([uite distinct. Ascending limb of pr«!opercle armed only with small
serra; ; spine at angle of preoperclo about 2| in head ; preorbital with 2
or 3 blunt points. Color dark purplish brown, crossed below the seventh
spine by a whitish band attenuated and cnrved backw.ird below; 4 nearly
equidistant, indistinct, vertical, bluish lines across body between the
white band and base of caudal; caudal margined with brown; doisal
and an<al with 2 indistinct lines parallel with the borders; posterior
margina also bluish; caudal [veutraLs*], pectorals, and margin of anal
yellow; head girdled with 2 distinct bluish bands, 1 in front of eyes,
and 1 from front of dorsal and behind the eyes. (Gill.) West coast of
tropical America ; Cape San Lucas to the Galapagos Islands; rare. The

* "Dorsal " yellow in (Jill's description i.s probably a slip tor " veiitrals.'

Jordan aud Evcnnann, — Fishes of North Apncrira. 1083

form called llnlacanthuH striiiatus, ahnvo dflRcrihnd, ifl dniibtloHH tlioyomijj
of llolaoanthitH pasHcr. Tho latter Ih lignrcil iin without ItliiiNh inurUiii^H
oil lie.id or body, tho dorHiil and anal ed^ed with yidhiw or Itrowii, and itH
candal plain yellow, {pasan; a Hparrovv; tho word alHo applied to curtain
llouudorH.)

lldlacanthua patter, Vai.knciknnks, Voyapi'V(''iiiiM. ;i'J7, jil. rt, IHlfl, Galapagos Archipelago;

(iCNTIIKII, Cat., 11.4(1, IKiid.
Ifiiliieantlivt Ktrtijatvt, (iii.i,, Vrtw. Ati. Nat. >S<-i. IMiila. 18)i'.>, '_>t:i, Cape San Lucaa.
I'omaeanthu.t paxner, Kiuknmann iV ilouNiNu, (. c, 14, J«H7.

t!0»M. IIOLAOAMTIirS ( LAItiO\E\SIN, (iilliort.

Head I ; depth IJ; cyo 4.V in h«ad. D. XIV, 18; A. Ill, 1«; h< aloH 00 to
(>">, ahiMit 36 witli poreH. Eye hmiuII, littlo more than \ snout, Ij in intor-
orbitul width. Anterior profile very slightly concave above orldtH, the
Hiiont not protrnding; iniixillary I in head; preopercnlar rtpin5 f^eiitly
curved, its outer face channeled, the spine fitiiu^ into a j;roovo in front
of base of pectoral, 2k in head, not reaching vertical from margin of oper-
cio; vertical limb of preopercle with 20 to 25 short, strong spines, hori-
zontal limb with 2 spines pointing Itackward; the anterior portion of
margin of interopcrcle with 2 strong spines, from 1 to 3 smaller spines
'xOiind these; preorbital with a stiong, compressed, blunt si>ino directed
forward, and 2 sharp ones below it; posterior margin of subopercle with
a series of sli«>rt spines; no oper -nlar s]uncs; membrane of first dorsal
.><]tiao free from scales, of second and third, partly scaly; other spines
with membranes wholly scaled; length of fourteenth spine 2;^^ in head;
soft dorsal aud anal not jiroduced, the angles rounded, the posterior mar-
gins inclined but slightly forward, and about on vertical of base of (cau-
dal; longest rays of dorsal and anal equal, 1^^ in head; caudal truncate
when widely spread, the angles not rounded, the outer rays not at .'ill
produced, about equaling length of head; pectorals .ind ventrals about
oijual, equaling It^ngth of head; the ventrals with outer rays slightly pro-
duced, reaching to or slightly beyond vent. Scales large, evi'iywhert^
covered with small basal accessory scales, all rough ctenoid; lateral line
iinuh arched, concurrent with the back, iucoinpleto, ending under nii<ldle
of soft dorsal, with only 85 pores. Head and body very dark olive brown,
a Avide orange red bar behind head, including nape and back as far as
sixth dorsal spine, becoming narrow on middle of sides, and expanding
again below to include region from gill openings nearly to vent, being
here, however, darker aud less distinctly detiucd; the yellowish color
continues backward as a siibmarginal band on dorsal and anal, th<; margin
lieing deep blue, broader posteriorly; caudiil bright orange red, with very
narrow blue margin; pectorals yellowish; ventrals yellowish olive; verti-
cal tins otherwise with color of sides. I^ength about 7 inches. This
brilliant species is extremely abundant at Clarion, Socorro, arid Sau Bene-
dicto islands of the Kevillagigedo group.

//oJ«c«n</ii/»cIarione«u.?, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S.Nat. Mua. 1890, 72, Revillagigedo Islands:
Clarion, Socorro, aud San Benedicto. (iioW. Alhatrots.)

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1084 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

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'JO0O. II0LA4 ANTIITH TKKOIiOK (Itl(Mh).

(K(K;K HKACTY; CATAI.INRTA; VAIjIIKTA DK DOS COLORKH.)

TToad 3^ ; dopth Iji. I). XIV, 1!»; A. Ill, 18; huiiIuh 3-18-25. First dorHiil
Hpiiu) H ill Inifrth of tho lust, which iH 2A in liead; aHC(mdiii(r liiiih of jm;
oporulo urniod only with hiiiuII Hoi-ni>, thu hirgcst not iiioro thiin /^ the Ifii^tli
of tho hir^u Hpino ut the iiii)(l*s an^luH of tlio caiidnl produced into hla
iiioiitH; ])reorbital with » diHtinct lilniit Npinu; HcaloH nearly iiiiiforin in
Hize, the loiigthwiHc and crosHwiHo rows qiiito diHtinct. (.'olor in lift'.
head, anterior part of trunk, and candal iiu jjolden yellow; rent of liody.
Hnoiit, and chin black; dorsal, anal, and operclo edged with Hctiiiit;
orange on upper and lower ray of <;andal; \v\h yellow, blue above and
below. Went IiuIieH, north to Herninda, south to Hiihia; coiiiinon; not
known from the rnitod Ktates. {tricolor, three-oolored — orange, yellow,
and black.)

CalaUnetOf I'abra, Dtscr. Dlf. Plcz. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 12, pi. vii, flf. 2, 1787, Cuba.

Chu-Uidon trlcnlnr, 15|,()<'!I, Iiilitli., pi. 41!6, niW.

Ilitlaeanthui tricolor, Lac!KPi';di;, IIIhI. Nut. I'oisH,. iv, .VJ5, 1803; Ci'viKli &■ Valkncirnnrh,

IliHt. Nut. PoisH., VII, 102, 1831 J ODntiikr, Cut., ii. 40, 1800; I'nKV, AloiDoriuM, ii, 371.

1801; I'nsv, Knuniciutio.OI, 1876; Jordan &. Uuttkh, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sci. IMiilu. 18117,

12ri.
(Umieimthui tricolor, SWAINKON, CIuhm. FIhIhih, AnipliibiiiiiH, niiil Uoptilus, 11,212,18,30.

I'ouiacanthun //tcnior, JoUHANiV (iII.HKKT,S.Vn<>;.»iH, 041, 1883; KlOKNMANiVifelloUNINd, f. c,

1.5, 1887.

662. ANGBLICHTHYS, .Jordan &, Evernmnn.

(ISAIilOI.ITAH.)

Anijelichthyg, .ToBDAN & EVERMANN, (!ht'ckLiHt FIhIich, 420, 1890 {eiliariH).

ThiH genus is separated from Ilolaoanlhux by the presence on the anoend-
ing liinb of tho preopcrcle of several Htont graduated npines in addition to
the large gi-oov«>d spine at the angle. The soft dorsal and anal are much
falcate and the preorbital is without spine; interopercle armed with 1 to 4
spincH; 8cale.s rather large; body ovate, rather deep, and compressed.
The known species are among the largest of the Chintodouts and perhaps
the most gaily colored of all. Species all American. {ayyeXoif angel;
/^Ot'»?, fish.)

a. SpinuH on anconding limb of preopcrcle inodernte, the longuBt less than \ length of

tlie large Hpino at tho angle.

h. Nape with u blue ocellus; Hoft dorHul and anal edged witli darl^ blue; depth IJ

in length in adult. ciliakis, 21(10.

hh. Nape without distinct ocellus; no dark-blue edgings to soft dorsal and anal:

body deep, tlie depth Ig in Icngtii in adult. isakeuta, 2101.

aa. Spines on ascending limb of preopenlo very strong, tho longest about J longtli of

tlie long spine at the angle; no ocellus at nape; no blue edging to soft dorsal

and anal; depth IR in length. lODOCUS, 2102.

2100. ANOEUVHTHYS tILIARIS (Linoivus).

(ANOFL-FISH ; IsABELITA.)

HeadSi; depth 11; eye 4^ in head; snout 2\. D. XIV, 21; A. Ill, 21.
Body obloiig, oval; anterior profile straight, steep, sharply <'onvex in front
of dorsal; anterior dorsal outline and ventral outline nearly parallel;

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far ,

Jordan and F.vcrmauu. — Fishes of North Amirita. 1(5«S5

jawH piojrrtiiii;, Li'iiKth of head oi|iiiil to itH depth frotn iint«Tii>i- iniirgiii
(if bliio lin^ ill front of dorsal ; the proorhital j^ hioiider than nvn, wiMi 1
or '2 indiHtinct HpiiicH; ]>i'<M>p*>r(!le with ii Ntroii^, ^roovi>d, HlighMy ntrvid
spine at aiigh% about jim lon^ &>" orbit; 5 or (S Hhurt blunt Hpinrs witli intor-
iiicdiat<i niiniitu ones on uppur limb, the lont^oHt of thuNo Hpini<H 0 in tiio
spiiut at the an^lo; 2 or \\ Hhort Htroii); Hpinon on luwiu- limb; int«r-
(ipei'cle with 1 or 2 short Hpinos; ]>iTima\illar,v very thick, itH widUi above
<M|iial to orbit; a furrow from front of eyo liolow noHtrils; interorbital
^rroater than prcorbital, equal to diMtancu b«t\vu(<n eye and uppor ond of
1,'ill opening. Soft dorHal and anul falcato, the tilaniuntoim tips matdiing
Miiich beyond the caudal; ])octoral broad, iddiquely rounded, 1^ in h«>ad ;
vt'Htrals long, the upinu long, Ijj in head, the ruyn slightly tilanieutoiiN, nut
<|iiite reaching anal, ecpial to hea*l; caudal roundt'd, equal to hoad behind
|ireniaxillary; lateral line ceasing before reaching md of dorsal, th«< Hcales
Itclow regularly arranged, those aluivc irregularly. Ground color <dive,
ttMininal half of soaloH on sides yel'.ow, side of head yellowish olive, tup
of head dusky ; a blue ring in front of dorsal surrounding a black spot
('<mtaining a few pule-blue specks ; iris yellow, blue al>ove and below ; upper
jaw blue black, some yellow at eoriier of mouth; lower jaw, lower side of
head, and breast dusky olivtt ; a dark blue margin to operele miieli broader
above than below ; upper edge of preopercular spine pale blue; edge of
dorsal fin blue black, a black blotch «iu last rays, the tin otherwise red-
dish or orange, becoming paler toward tip of iilaiiient; anal similar to
ilorsal, but darker; caudal entirely pale orange or clear lemon yellow;
pectoral lemon ytdlow, the base witli a brown blotch bordered anteriorly
liy a narrow blue stripe; ventrals lemon yellow, somewhat dusky at base.
West Indies; common. Here described from speciuu-ns from Jamaica. A
large showy fish, {dliaris, with eyelashes, referring to the ]iroduced fins.)

.Viiijelfish, CATKsnv, Nft. Hint. Caroliuii, etc., 1737.

Itabi'lita, Pakka, l)if, 1 i«>zn3, etc., 1787, Cuba.

Cluetodon eiliarin, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Kd. x,27«, 1758, Indies; in imrt ; IJum-ii, Iclitli., i)l.

•214, 1787.
dhwlodon ff>/t((tmu{0A'i<«, SliAW, NiUuraliHts' MiHcelliiuy, 27.'>. 17H9-18I3; al'tcr .Vi!K<'l-littli

of Cateshy.
(Uiwtddon parrcB, Ili-ocH \- Sciineikek, SyHt. Iclilli., '-'35, 1801, Cuba; after Isabolitii of

I'ARHA.

lloUtcanthut cornutun. De.smarest, IKicado Ichthyologiiiue, 44, pi. 3, (!>:. 3, 1823, Cuba.
Ilolacanthxit fonnumn, Castelnait, Aniin. Nouv. ou ranssde TAuii r. dii Siul I'oisHonH, 19,

pi. 2, flg. 2 1855, Bahia ; GOntheb, Cat., II, 47, 1860.
Ihilacanthut ciliaris, LAcfepfeDE, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., iv, 527, 1802; Cuvikk \ Valew iennem.

Hist. Nat. Poiss., vu, 154, 1831; PoEV, Moinorins, U, 371, 1861 ; (iiNTiiEK, Cat., ii, 4C,

1860; PuEY, Synopsis, 361, 1868; LUtken, Spolia Atlantica. 200, 1880.
I'omaeanthus eiliaris, Jubdan & (iILBEbt, Synopsis, 015, 1883.
Angelichthys dliari*, JoBDAN & EvEBMANN, Cbeck-Ll.st Fishes, 421, 1890; Jordan \. Jlur-

TEB, Proo. Ac. Nat.Sci. Pliila. 1897, 125.

2101. AXGELICHTilV8 ISABELITA, Jordan & liutter.nuw speclea.

(ANQEL-Fmil.)

Head 3^ ; depth U ; eye 3^ in hea<l (young) ; snout 2|. D. XIV, IH ; A. Ill,
10. Body nearly oval, anterior profile very steep, much steeper than in
llolacanthua eiliaris, the lips not projecting ; length of head scarcely greater

,; •r^■''f

U\Sil

IhiUctin ./7, Vuittd Slatts National .Unscum,

tliim ItH <lo])th Ix-low top iit'fv'o; pruorltital '| iih hrutid uh uve, williiiiit uii\
iiKlinition of a Hpinu; pruopcrciilur Hpiiiu Htron^, ^ len^lli of eyi-, \\>\ ji,
huiid, \\ or I v«<i'y nhort ntoiit Hpiiiitrt on iippur liiiih, tlii< loiiUfHt iiltuiit n in
Mpiiio lit iiu^Im, 1 on lowttr limb; I Hpiiio on intoroptti-cl*-; proniaxillai \
nut vury Itroatl on top, vury protract ilt^, nut proJiM-Mn^ Itoyond uiitt«ri<>i
pr«)lil«); intoi'orbitul );ronter than proorltitul, «t(|tial Ut WiHtanoe hotwitu
4>yu an<l upper un<l of ^ill opt-niny;; In now in front of «tyo iiidiHtiiKt ;
(lorHul an<l anal fuloiito, the fMauKMttoiiH tipH roachinK ninth 1)«<yoii*l oninlul ;
puctorul ol>Ii<|iiul.v roiiiuleil, oipial to lioad, tin- lowir ru\H very Hhmt ;
vuntrul Hpiiie 1'^ in Iiead, tho tilaincntoim rayH ruarhiiiK ori^rin of im.il,
uliont \ longer than h*'u«l; caudal roiindod, longer than liead, hut shorti i
than ventrnl, lateral lino ouaHJnK lieforo rouchiiif; end of dorHul, tlu'
HoaluB ]>olow rugnlarly arran^ri'd, thoHt> above noarlv ho. ('olor in life,
yrlluwiuh brown on HidoH, uui^li Hcaio with a liarker or oran;;o Hpot; b.-iru
Hhad«>d with violrt, which ^iowh bri^rlttor and iiiurKox into inteiiHo hU.v bliu
ulung thr od^i-H of HpinuiiH dursal and on tho rr^ion liofuie tho dorsnl;
HcaloH uf iloi'Mal region with browu HpotH lil<e tiioHo on Hidim; head paler;
thr ujiptu- lip yellowish; lower Jaw redd lull; Hpin«!H of proopercio and iiImi
of oportde vory brijjht sky blue; iriH yellow, iiiarkt'd altove and below li.v
bliii«; a blue bar extondiu^ from in front of lirnt dnrnal Hpino halfway id
oyi>; broant sky blue; pectoral sky blue at liaHc, then broadly noldon, itf<
o;ljje paht; vcntrals ^oblen; posterior edge and pruduccd lobes of dorwiil
and unul golden yellow, caudal broadly edged with yellow; iiu diatiiic)
oeelliiH at nape^ and nit dark-bliit« edgingH to soft dorsal and anal. 'I'liis
Hiiecies is closely related to .hiiidichfhiis viliarix, but dill'ers decidedly in the
color markings, e8)iecially those of the najie and dorsal, in the great depth
of the head, and in the iioiiprojecting month; also somewhat in general
contour of body. Florida Keys and probably neighboring waters; com-
mon; reaching a largo si/.e. This description is based on the ty|ie, a sin-
gle specimen 4.| inches long, from Key West, Florida, collected by l)r.
Jordan. (habeliU, the Spanish name.)

J'oiiiacanthii* eiliariii, I'Ikjknmann \ IloitNiMi, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Hci. 1H87, 15; not oriiiitlioi-
AitiielivhthiiK uabilita, .Iuiidan \- Kvk:oia.\\, ("Ii«m k List FiMlioM, 420, 18U0; iiiiino oiilv.
(Type, Ko.a03, L. S.Jr. I'uiv. Mim. Coll. Dr. Jorilun.)

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^MK

■itV.

aiOiS. AXUKLICIITIiYS lODUOUS, Jorduii .V Uiitter.

Head 3?; depth U (2 in total); eye 41. 1). XIV, 20; A. Ill, 20. Body
very deep, .forming almost a regular ellipse, slightly concave above ami
in front of eye. I'reorbital without spine, shorter than width of intor-
orbital, which is narrower than distance between cyo and upper end of
gill opening; spine at angle of preopercle straight, longer than orbit,
about equal to preorbital; 8 or 9 spines on upper limb of preopercle, thesi-
nearly i as long as the one at angle, very much longer than in Annd-
ichtliifs ciliaris; 2 weak spines on lower limb, and 2 on intero]>erc|c.
Soft dorsal and anal falcate, the longest r}>.ys tilamentous; pectoral very
obliquely rounded, the lowi'r rays scarcely ^ as long as the tipper, whi( li
are 1^ in head; ventral slightly filamentous, equal to head. Lateral lini

Jonitxn and /\icfinann. — Fishes of Norfh America. 1^87

ru^iilaiiy iirclird, Itiit a|i|)roauliiii^ tlio <lorHiil oiitliiu) poHttMinrly, ceiiH-
iiig Ixtl'oru luiM'liiiig tMiil of dorHui. Hialim hrlow hitoral lino roKiiliirly
iiiraii^cd, thoBi^ iiliovo irit^^iilar. (,'olnr in iilcolml, iiiiiionii Ki'"y (proli-
iiltly oruiigu ill Iil«*) ; Ht'ul<'H«><lj;<Ml with Hilv«(ry ; ii very fiiiiit, iiiinow, IWiirIi
or (lark -1)1 110 oil^o to dorHJil uiitoiior to tlliiinriit; ttu'ininai halt' of portoiiil,
j^ of caii.liil, .'iiul tipH of doiHiil jiiuI anal lioliind and including tlio I'alcatu
IttbfH ytdlow; no Idiio on con'tavity of doiNal and anal; lipH palo; odgo uf
(ipenlu dai k Itlin-; a faint indication of a dark Idotcli in front ot dornal;
no Idiio-black blotch on baHo of poctoral. ThlH npocitm ditViTH fnnn .Itujel-
ichthjiH ciliarin in tho form of tho body, in color, and oNpccially in tin* vory
iont; BplneH on tho iip|>fr limb of prcopcndo. A Hiiiglo Hpt'cinioii, i> inchuH
long, from tho (•ala|>agoH iHiantlH, odlucttMl by rnitcd Stati-u Kish < 'oin-
miHHion Htri'miM' .llhutruan, (iuduKu^, a Hhuaf of airowH, from tliu biiHt-
ling prooporclu.)

IfuliieaiithuM iodueun, JouOAN A lU'TTKii, in (illbart, Vvin: I'. S. Nat. Mux. l8tMI. 4ir), Gala-
pagos Archipelago (Typf, No. 47747, V. 8. ^u;. Man. Cull. Mhal nim) ; .Iouuan A

KVUKMANN, CIlUckhlHt I'MmIiuh, 4'Jl, 18IHI; Iiailll) (Mllv.

Family OLXVI. ZAN(!LIl).i:.

(TlIK MuulMSlI IDOI.S.)

Hody oblong, much romprcHHed and oluvatud, rovuied with niinnt*' rough
HcalfH. Month snnill, with long, Hlundrr, brush liku tooth ; no tool h on tlio
palato; bonoH of top of head thick and Holid, developing with ago a cou-
spicuouH mudiau horn on the foruhuad, wanting in the young. l'r«>o)M>r-
cle unannud. Dorsal Hinglo, with 7 spines, tho third an<l rT^MM-ooding
spines prolonged into long lilanionts; interspinal bone ]>ruJocting buforo
dorsal. Anal similar to soft dorsal, long, with its anterior rays produ«;o<l;
a small antrorso spino bt-foro anal. Caudal peduncle unarmed, tho tin
lunate; pectorals short; ventrals pointed. Intestine long. Coracoid
bones largely developed. Vertebral reduced in number, J)-}- 13 = 22. Air
bladder large. BranchiostegaJs't; jiyloric ca-ca II. One species, "witlely
distributed about rocky islands of tho Pacilic. (Geuu.s Zandus, Giinther,
Cat., II, 192-191, I860.)

663. ZANCLUS, Cuvier &. Valeneieunes.

/aneluH ((N)M.MEi{80N) CuviBU &. Vai.knciennkh, lliHt. Nut. I'oiHH., vii, lOJ, 1K31 {eornutvB).

(loiioiiterun, (iKONOW, Cat. Fish., Krt. Cray., V, 1851 (incei-eim).

iliiathocentrum, Guicmbnot, Ann. Maine et Loire, IX, 4, 1860, {evntriKjiiathum); youug.

Characters of the genus included above. {%dy xXov y a sickhs)

n

210;i. ZANCJiUN <'OU.\rTi:S(LinniPu.s).
(Moorish Idou; De^ian; I'kjoiek; I'outk Knskiune.)

Head 2)!; depth about as great as length; oyo 2A in snout. D. VII, 38;
A. Ill, 33; Hu«mt 1^^ in head, greatly produced, the ni)per j»rolile very con-
rave; horn on forehead well developed, wanting iu young; teeth Hlender,
brush-like, very much projecting. Anterior rays of dorsal and anal pro-

1688

Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

1}

dnoed ; tirnt and aecoud dorsal HiiiuoN very short, tbo third greatly prodtu-vd ,
onding in a long filament exceeding total length of tish ; x\w longest soli
ray abont 1^ in body; posterior dorsal rays ehort, vertical or oven inclineil
forward; pectoral some longer than (tnont, abont equal to vcntrals. Color
in life, snout chiefly whit«i, point of upper jaw black, followed by a larnc
orange patch separated from the white by a narrow blacdc band; lowei
Jaw mostly black ; anterior part of body from first dorsal spine to ventral^
Idack, this crossed by 2 narrow vertical Idue linos, the first beginning at uii-
gin of ventrals, extending upward ana forward, tht-n backward just behind
orbit, and ending on median line of back in front of dorsal iin; the second
beginning on abdomen, crosses body at bane of pectoral and ends at origin
of dorsal fin ; a third le'.4S distinct one extends u])ward and backward from
eye; a broad whitish bar, nearly as broad as lengtli of head, begins en
anterior partof dorsal fin and crosses body somewhat obliqnely backward,
covering anterior portion of anal fin; posteriorly this bar is Vi ashed witli
yellow or orange, whicli gradually fades into the white of the anterior
part; next comes a black bar .1 as wi<le, covering the bases of about II
dorsal rays and widening out m-ou the anal so as to cover the greater part
of about 24 rays; in the posterior part of this bla<-k band is a nariow
white line; next a yellow or orange band covering all of the caudal pednn-
cle and the posterior portions of the dorsal and anal iius ; caudal fin black,
a narrow white line at base; tip of caudal fin with a crescent-shaped bor-
der of white more or less wasiied with yellowish ; pectorals paie ; vontrals
black. East Indies and islands of Polynesia; common and widely distrib-
uted; Tangingeast to the Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Gilbert; McGregor.)
Not taken elsewhere on our coast, {^mrnntm, horned.)

1 Ohijetodon caneieeng, Linn.bus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 273, 1758, Indies; after Aktedi; young.
Ohcetodon comutut,* Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., FaI. x, 27;i, 1758, Indies; after Abtedi; adult ;

LACiSpfcDE, Hist. Nat. Pols.*., iv, 473, pi. ?, fig. I, 180J.
Zanelus centrognathus, C 'vmii & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vii, 528, 1831, near

Equator, 75° E.
Oonopterus m'jerens, Gbonovv. Cat. Fislies, Ed. Gray, 77, 1854, India.
Zanehin eomufUK, Cuvieb A- Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vii, 102, pi. 177, 1831.
? Zancltu canttcms, GCntiieb, Cat., n, 493, 1860.

Family CLXVII. TEUTHlDID/.i.
(The Stii»iEON-FisnE.s.)

Body oblong, compressed and usually elevated, covered with ve'.y small
scales ; lateral line continuous. Tail armed with 1 or more spines or bony
plates. Eye lateral, high np ; preorbital very narrow and deep. Nostrils

♦According to Bleeker, our species, wlii«,h is Zanelus cornntus, is distinct from Zanclu.i
caneieeng, dinering in the absence of the preopercular spine, in tlio longer head (3 in total
length), and in the presence of a large black fenestrated spot below eye and on snout,
iileeker's figure shows a black streak from fore Load to tip of snout, with a black streak
running horizontally backward toward eye, then upward to join the first, thus formin^^
en each side of snout a right-angled triangle inclosing a triangular ^>atch of the ground
color. Tliese black marks are wanting in Zanelus caneseens. Accorduig to other authors,
Zanelus eaneseenn is the young and Zanehis cornntus tlu) adult of the same species, the
name eanescens having precedence. The above description is from specimens tukim at
Uonoiolu.

hV

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of N .rth America. 1G89

double. Mouth small, low; each jaw with a sin^lo series of narrow inci-
»ui'-liko teeth; vomer iiml palatines toothless; preniiixilhirios somewhat
luovablo, hut not protru^itile ; maxillary short, closely united with the
])romaxillary ; gill rakers oltsoh'te; pseudohranehia^ large; gills 4, a slit
bohiud the fourth; gill meinhrancs attached to the isthmus, the openings
tliiiH r»!8tricted to the sides. A single dorsal fin, with strong spiues, the
s[)inous part of the fin shorter than the soft part; anal iin similar t«> soft
ilorsal; pectorals moderate; ventral tins present, tl'oracic, mostly I, 5
(never I, 4, 1, as in Siganida). Pelvis bones long, narrow, eiirved, closely
connected, evident through the skin, as in Jialiatida; with which group
rhe Teiithididd' have the closest affinities. Pyhnic caua rather few; air
bladder largo; intestinal canal long. Vertebno 9 + 13 = 22. Postt-rior
suborbital bone.; in close contact with the preoperele; post-t«'mporal im-
movably united with the skull, appanmtly simple, but really trifurcatw
with the interspaces filled in with bono, the foramen not passing through
it; interneural bones with transversely expanded buckler-liko subcuta-
neous plates, which intervene betw«'en the spines and limit their motion
forwards; epipleurals ditveloped frcmi the ril)8. Herbivorous iishes of the
tropical seas; genera 5 or more ; spt-cies nearly 80, most of them belonging
to Tenth. „. Those fishes undergo large changes with age, as is the case
nith the Chaetodontida', the young having often been described as distinct
genera. (Avronuridn'.. Gunther, Cat., lii, 356, 1861 )

a. Caudal armature developed aa a movable a.itrorse, extremely sliarp, kuife-e^lgod spine,
erectile from a groove.
6. Ventral rays 1, 6; teeth fixed and strong; dorsal spines usunlly 9. Teotiiis, 664.
aa. Caudal arniattire developed as immovable tubercles or lamina.

c. Voutrals 1, 5 j rual spines 5 ; dorsal spines usually 8 ; caudal plates 3 to 6.

Xescuus, 665.

V:: ;•

■i y

11 n

664. TEUTHIS,* Linnaeus.

(DOCTOU-I'ISIIES.)

Ilhomboiides, Klbik, MinBus (nonbinoniial).

/f<7)0<M«, 'jrKONOw, Zoopbyl., nO!i (hepaUit; nonbinominal).

TeiillU, LiKN.KUS, Syat. Nat., Ed. XII, 507,1766 (hepatus; jaiuts ; after Hepatut, GiiONOw).

AcanUnirus, FokskAl, Bescr. Anim., 59, 1775 (Ghcvtodon unicorniii).

Ilar2>urui (F0R8TBK) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1269, 1788.

Aipiturui, Laci::p6de, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., iv, ."JuG, 1802 {nuhar).

Theuthig, CuviER, Tab. El. Hist. Nat., 371, 1798.

Thcutis, CuviEB, Rfcgre Animal, Ed. 1, n, 330, 1817 (restricted to Lex Avanlhurwt; allies

of TeuihU htpatxis),
Teuthijs, SWAINSON, altered orthography.
Khombotideg (Klein) Day, Fishes India, i, 202, 1876.
Acanthurut, of authors generally.

at. Sci. Phila. 1884, 227-231, for the synonyuy of
Gill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 275, for the lull f

the

sya-

* See Meek <fe Hoffman, Proc. Ac. Nat
American species of this |;enus, and Gill
onymy of the genera of this family and of the Siganidce.

The name Teuthisi has been transferred by Cantor .md Giintlier to the typo of Teuthis
javxig, the genus called Sigunut, by Forsk&l, and Amphacanthus, by Bloch & Schneider.
Tlie application of the laws of nomenclature here oilers some dinicnlties, as the name
Tmthit was neglected by most followers of Linna-us. Apparently, Dr. Gill is right in
applying the name to the present genus iu place of Acanthurus,

3030 29

■'i

. ji i >■"

J J.

,mf22s:s!^

1090

Hull din ^7, United States National Afuscum.

This genua inclmles those Teuthididw which have the tail armed wifli
a sharp, antrorso, lancet-like, movable spine ; strong, fixed, incisor teetli ;
ventral rays, I, 5, and usually 9 spines in the dorsal iin. The numerous
species are found in all tropical seas ; herbivorous fishes, living about cural
reef's; the adult protected by the murderous caudal spine, which growH
larger with age. (revOi?, the Sqjiid, l.oWjo; substituted by Linuiuus for
Gronow's name, Jfepatut, for no evident reason.)

a. Caudal spine small; spooios pale, barred with black. triohteoub, 'iHii.

aa. Caudal spine strong ; npncios not pale, bai-nd witli black.

b. Dorsal and anal without yellow ntreak, widened behind on dorsal and anal.
c. Uutlino rhomboid, the depth 1^ in length, color brown, wnsheil with d(*o)>

blue. CiKKlTLKlS, 2105.

cc. Outline ovate, the depth about 2 in ]<)Dgth; color brown, never blue.

d. C'audal simply luuatu. ubpatub, 2100.

dd. Caudal deeply omarginate.

e. Up; )er lobe of caudal not filamentous. crrstonis, 2107.

ee. ITf per lobe of caudal pro<luced in a filament. RAUIANUS, 2108.

bb. Dorsal and .anal w . ^h a yellow streak broadened behind ; a flesh-colored crescent

under eye. AUALA, 2101).

210}. TEIJTII18 TRIOSTKCJIW (Linntvus).

iiisi

Head 3| ; depth Ig ; eye 2^ in snout. D. IX, 23 ; A. Ill, 21. Body ovato,
anterior profile gently curved, most convex over eyes; snout somewhat
produced, concave above. Dorsal fin moderate, anterior spines more oi'
less concealed in the skin, the longest spines about 1^ in snout, the soft
rays shorter; first anal spine very short, the third longest, about equal to
longest dorsal spines; soft portion of anal about as high as the third anal
spine; caudal slightly lunate, the lobes but little produced; pectorals
about as long as head; ventrals as long as snout. Color in life, dark
greenish or slaty above, with yellowish cloudings; clun, bdlly, throat,
and a narroAv strip along base of anal, white; vertical fins dusky; anal
with a narrow white margin; pectorals plain; ventrals white on under
surface ; sides with 5 black bars each about as wide as pupil, the first,
beginning just in front of the brauchiostegals, extends upwtiid and back-
ward across cheek, through eye and to median line of back, where it meets
its fellow from thelither side ; the second begins at front of dorsal fin and
extends downward to base of pectoral from Avhich point it is continued
downward in a narrower line beginning on base of pectoral and ending
just above base of ventral; the third begins near base of sixth dorsal
spine and extends across side to 1)elly at a point midway between anuH
and beginning of anal fin ; the fourth begins on base of first dorsal ray
and extends to first anal ray ; the fifth begins at base of seventh dorsal
ray and extends across side to base of fifth anal ray; a black spot on
upper side of caudal peduncle. Pacific Ocean; very abundant about
rocky islands from New Zealand and Australia to the Hawaiian Islands
and the Revillagigedos; not yet found elsewhere in American waters ; our
specimens from Clarion and Socorro islands, (triostegud, rpeii, three;
(Sreyoo, to cover.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1691

Oheetodon trio*tegua, LiNN^Krw, Synt. Nat., ¥a\. x, 274, 1758, India.
Ilarpurus /asciatiis, Fokmier, I)«'8cr. Aniui.,£(l. Licht., 121(1.
Ohatodon zebra, Lackpkhe, Hint. Nut. Poids., ill, 25, tig. 3, 1800, no locality.
Aeanthurus zebra, Lackim'odk, Hist. Nut. Poiss., iv, 540, pi. 0, li^. H, ]8()'J, no locality.
Olicetodun couaga, Lac^;i'i:i)K, lii.st. Nat. PoisH., iv, 71!7, 18ii2, no Imwilily.
Acanthurun hiriindo, Benneit, Ceylon Fialius, 11, pi. 11, 1830, Ceylon.
Teuthia auntralin, Gray, in Kind's Narr. Survey Coaxt of Australia, ii, 435, 1826.
.ieanthurus Kubarmatus, Bennett, Wlialinj^ Voyage, ii,278, 1840, Society Islands.
Aeanthurus trioHteijui, CuviKii & Valencienne.s, Hist. Nat. I'oias., .\, 19', 1335; GDnthek,
Cat., 111,327,1801.

2I0S. TEi;THi8-(J/KUUIiKilN (IShxIi \- Siliuuiilcr).

(liAHBlCKO; BLUE Sl'ltOEON ; BlI'E TaNCI.)

Hejid 3i; depth li. D. IX, 27; A. Ill, 2\. Body rhomltoid, the ant«rior
lirofile subvertiuiil, iieurly Mtraight, iiinking an anj^le of about 60*^ with
axis of body. Ciiudul deeply eiuarginute, its lobes Bubei|iiiil, the middle
rays j} length of outer. Color deep blue, or rather brown, washed with
deep blue; body with undulating longitudinal pale-bine streaks, no
dark cross bars; vertical iius blue '.. ith obli(ine bronze streaks; lips and
caudal spine yellow ; edge of caudal black ; pectorals yellow ; young with
the blue shades obsolete. West Indies ; generally coiuiuon from Key West
and Bermuda to Bahia. (coBruieuSjhina.)

Turdus rhomboidalin, Catesby, Nat, Uist. Carolina, etc., 1742, basod in part on Bloch.
Aeanthurut eteruletm, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Icbth.,214, 1801, after Catesby, Parha

and Browne, Carolina, Havana, Jamaica; Cuvier Sc N'^alenciennes, Hist. Nat.

Poiss., X, 179, 1835; GCnther, Cat., in, 336, 1861.
Aeanthurut brevis, Poey, Meinorins, ii, 207, 1860, Antilles and Havana.
Acanthtirus brousgonetii, Dksmabest, Preni. Doc. Ichtb., 26, 1823, Cuba.
Aeronunts eceruleattis, Poey, Enuineratio,69, 1875, Cuba; young.
Teuthit ecenUeug, Meek & Hoffman, {. c, 228, 1884.

2106. TEUTHI8 HKFATIJS, Linnaeus.

(Common Suhokon; Dcxttok-fish ; Lancet- fish ; Barber; Tano; Sakineub; Barbero.)

Head -S^; depth 2. D. IX, 26; A. Ill, 24. Form ovate; anterior profile
moderately convex, forming an angle of 45^ with axis of body. Caudal
simply lunate, its inner rays about f length of outer rays; caudal lobes
HMbequal, the upper never filamentous. Color dark «dive jrown, more or
less distinctly greenish ; middle of sides paler; sides with ul»out 12 dis-
tinct blackish vertical bars, rather narrower than the interspaces, most
distinct over front of anal; a brownish stripe along base of dorsal; spi-
nous dorsal with alternate stripes running upward and backward, of dark
blue and bronze olive, the two colors of a'jout equal width; soft dorsal
with a bluish streak on the anterior side of «'ach ray, and a bronze stripe
behind it ; tins verj dark, often almost black. West Indies ; common from
Florida to Bahia. This is the most abundant species of the genus, being
apparently common throughout the West Indies, and certainly so at Key
West and Cuba; ranging northward perhaps as far as Charleston, doubt-
less not to New York, where it is reported on the authority of the confused
collection of Milbert. (hepatus, an old name of some iish, from hepas,
liver.)

w

p^^

¥

1692 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

Teuthii hepatuji, LiNN^X's, Syst. Nat., Ed. xn, 507, 1766, Carolina; after Ilepatu* mucrotir

rejU'xn, QuoNow.
Chcetoihin cliifiirgus, Uiajcii, AubI. FIsoh., 99, pi. 208, No. 24, 1784, Martinique ; on u tliaw

iiig by ri.i'MiKK.
Aeanthunm hepatus, liuicii Sc Kciinkidbr, Syet. Iclitli., 211, 1801; in part, not of later

writerH.
Acanthuntt phlebotomu*, CrviKR & Valenciennes, Ili.st. Nat. roi88.,x,170, 1&')5, Martin-
ique, Brazil, Havana, New York; I'uEY, Keperturiu, i, 250, 1867; PoKY, iSyuui>»i.',,

245, flg.?, 1868
Aeronurus/mcHii, Gronow, Cat. Fishes, E«l. Gray, 110, 1854 (same type as T. hepatun L.j
Acronuru»cari>euii,VoK'i, Meiuoiras, ii, 207, 1860, Crba; young.
Acanthurus ehinirgus, CuviER & Valenciennes, Uist. Nut. I'oIsb., x, 168, 1835; GOntiiku,

Cat.,m, 329, 1861; PoBY, Synopsis, 355, 1868 ; Jordan \ (J ilhert, Synopsis, 617, 1883.
Aeanthunu nu/rtca?i«, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 041, 1883; not Ohcetodon nigricans,

Linniiiiis, fron< the liod Sea.
Teuthi* hepatus, Meek &. Hoffman, I. c, 229, 1884.

2107. TKUTIIIN CUKSTUMS, Jordan & Sturks.
(Bariiero Neoro.)

Hciid3i; depth It*. D. IX,26; A. Ill, 24; siiontljiii head; oyo 3i^; pec-
toral e<iual to head ; caudal \ hmguT than head ; loiigest dursal Hpiue equal-
in;^ longest soft ray, 1^ in head; ventral 1,! in head. Body deep and cuiii-
pressed, the anterior profile steep, convex heforo eye; caudal lunate, tlie
upper ray i longer than middle one, vontrals very long. Body slaty
brown, mottled with gray but without bands; dorsal with a Iduish gray
band at base, then a bronze one, forking on soft dorsal, inclosing a Idiiisb
gray band ; 5 gray bands and 1 bronze ones on dorsal more or less distinct,
especially in young; anal with 5 bluish gray and 5 bronze bands more
oblique than those on dorsal and hence not continuous the whole length
of lin; caudal peduncle black, a whitish yellow cross band behind spine,
faint in adult, the anterior margin vertical, the posterior concave; rest
of caudal black; pectoral yellowish; ventrals dusky, the spine black.
Adult with the pectoral quite yellow; pale baud at base of caudal grow-
ing faint with age; a blue streak along base of dorsal. Length 8 to 10
inches. Rocky shores on the west c«»ast of Mexico from Mazatlan to
Panama; common at Mazatlan. Also obtained by Dr. Gill>ert in 1881
at Mazatlan and Panama. Those specimens having been destroyed by
fire, have never been described, and were provisicmally and incorrectly
referred to the West Indian species Teitthia iractus (hahianm), from whicli
this species differs in a few respects, (Named for Creston * Island, a com
manding peak in the harbor of Mazatlan at the base of which this species
abounds.)

leuthis eregtonit, Jordan &. Starks, Fishes of Sinaloa, in Proc. Cat. Ac. Sci. 1895, 485, pi. 47,
Mazatlan. (Type, No. 2899, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkin.s expedition to Sinaloa.)

'' " Beyond the headland with its palm tree lone
Flashes the beacon light on tall Creston ;
The last and haiigbriestof the cragsv horde,
Sierra Madre aeuus forth ocean ward.''

m '

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 1093

210H. TKUTIIIS BAIIIAM S (Ciistelnau).

(liARIIKIRO; OCEAN TANU.)

Head 3^ ; depth 2. D. IX, 24 ; A. Ill, 22. Outline ovnte ; anterior proflin
moderately convex, making unfile of 45^^ with axis of body. Ciiudul
(l<'(fply emarginate, its upper lolte much the longer, in adult 8lend«^r and
usually produced into a tilanient, the inner rays if length of ont<T rayH
(in adult). Color dark brown, blotched with paler ]»elow, no transverHe
bars; brown, wavy, longitudinal streaks on sides of body; 8 dark lines
running parallel with edge of dorsal fin for its whole length and H0))arated
)>y interspaces of Hame width; margin of caudal tin bluish with a violet
base; no distinct dark cross bar at base of caudal. Length 1 foot. West
Indies and neighboring (toasts of tropical America from Key West to
Hahia; the adtilt easily known from related species by the form of the
caudal, the young by the fin rays and the markings; our specimens from
Key West and Bahia. (Name from Bahia.)

Aeanthums bahianu*, Castelnac, Anira. nouv. ou Rares de L' Amer. da Sud, 24, pi. 11, fig.

1, 1855, Bahia ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1890, .123.
Acanthurv$ tractut, 1'oey, Memorias, ii, 208, I860, Cuba ; I'OEV, Kepcrtorio, .350, 1807 ; Joii-

DAN & Gilbert, Syiiopais, 941, 1883.
AcronuruM nigriciilug, Poey, Enumeratio, 69, 1875, Cuba ; larval form.
AeanthuniM matoides, JoHVAH & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 626; not of Cuvier &.

Valenciennes.
Teuthis traetus, Meek & Hoffman, t. c, 229, 1884.

2100. TKUTHiS ALULA (L«Hflon).

(PmLOSOPHE.)

Head 3| ; depth IJ ioU; eye 3^ ; maxillary i^ in head. D. IX, 30 ; A. Ill,
26; from eye to corner of mouth li in head; gill opening Ijs in head;
opercle short and obliquely set, 4^ in head ; humeral bone striate. Body
ovate, strongly compressed, closely covered with small rough scales wbiith
become shagreen-like on head; lateral lino present but obscure; anterior
profile strongly convex above and before the eye, thence somewhat concave
and nearly vertical to the small projecting mouth. Teeth broad, digitate,
each with 4 or 5 claw-like serra) at tip; lower teeth with the serrie much
smaller, forming notches. Jaws very short, about e<iual, about 10 incisors
in each. Anterior nostril moderate; close to posterior, which is mu4;h
smaller. Dorsal and anal low, continuous, rounded behind; longest
dorsal ray near end of fin, 2j(- in head; longest anal ray 2 in head; caudal
lunate, upper and lower angles produced, but acuminate and short, luiddle
rays 1^ in head, the outer 1 in head; caudal spine very strong, 2;^ in
head, attached near its posterior end, the short sharp posterior end free,
the long knife-like anterior portion slipping into a groove in the flesh;
pectoral long, i longer than head ; ventrals 1^ in head. Color dark pur-
plish brown, almost black; a pale-yellowish or flesh-colored crescentie
area under eye; a ring of pearly whitish around month, not quite contin-
uous above ; a pale streak along dorsal fin, widening behind into a pale>

'.|!

1694 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

X i

is- I
^ ,1

orange patch, ocoupyiiig } nf height of lant ray; base of last ray dnaky;
anal marked in the same way as the soft dorHal ; a very narrow pale eil;,n
to soft parts of dorsal and anal; pectoral black; caudal abruptly palo at
end of black candal peduncle, Avith a curved dark Htreak parallel wiili
edge of fin and nearly the diameter of the eye behind it; behind this a
diffuse yellow area itarallcl with the dark streak; (in behind with a nm
row pale edging; flap of opercle narrowly pale. East Indies to wt'Ht
coast of Mexico; taken in abundance on Socorro and Clarion islands li\
Mr. Riithard C. McGregor. Our spocinnms above described seem to agrot
in all respects with accounts of the East Indian species. (ikan-aU-aln.
its name at the island of Oualan.)

Acanthurut aliala, Leshon, Voyage Co<|uilln, Zonl., n, 150, 1830, Oualan. (Coll. Losaoh

&. Oarnot.)
Aeanthunu glaucopareius, CnviER & Valenciennes, Hist Nat. PoIhs., x, 100, 1836, Oualan :

Molucca (after Harpurns glaucoparrins, Forstek, unpiibliHbod ilrnwlnK of Hpi-(:iiiicii

from Otaheite, calle<l Ilarpurua nigricant by Bluch & ScHNBinSR) ; OCntheii, Cat., ii,

330.

665. XESURUS, Jordan & Everraann.

Xeiurns, Jordan &, Evermann, Chock-LiHt Fislies, 421, 1806 (ptinetatun).

Teeth in 1 row, each 5-lobed; caudal peduncle armed with 3 large bony
plates, placed in a right line, each one with a bluntish, nonserrated keol.
This genus is close to the East Indian genus, Prionurua Lac<^p^de, differ-
ing chiefly in the character of the caudal armature, the plates in rrioniirim
being small, sharper, and in greater number, (^edt s, scraping ; ovpd, tail. )

a. Body very deep, the depth in adult Ijl in length; body and fins everywhere covertil
with round blackish spots; caudal plates with elevatcil keel (in the male), sur-
rounded by smaller tubercles. pdnotatds, 2110.

aa. Body not very deep, not covered with blackish spots.

b. Bo<ly ovate, the depth 2 in length ; coloration nearly uniform.

TLARIONIH, 2111.

bb. Body obloug, the de]>th 2J in iongtii; a broad brown lateral band.

LATICLAVIUS, 211'J.

2110. XKKIIKIIS PIINCTATUS (Gill).

(CorHINITO.)
/

Head 4; depth 1?. D. VII, 26, or VIII, 26; A. Ill, 23; V. I. 5; snont H in
head; eye 5jt; pectoral long ns head; ventral 1| in head; caudal 1^; second
dorsal spine 2 in head. Adult (of 16^ inches) : Body deep, compressed,
covered with fine velvet; anterior profile concave before eye, then con-
vex, the short conic snout projecting, lower jaw included. Preoperelo
obliquely placed, its bony edge slightly roughened. Caudal with 3 stout,
compressed, blunt spines, with broad bases, the tips turned upward, the
spines whitish, with black bases. Some specimens, probably females, with
no other spines; others, probably males, with many spines, similar in form
but much smaller, scattered over posterior half of body, most numerous
about the other spines, these black in color. Young with 3 small blunt
laminsB only. Gill rakers extremely small and weak. Caudal evenly
lunate ; pectoral not falcate. Teeth § on each side, incisor-like, lobatc.

' ;jt.'/*->f-ii'u'SSi.Ji'u>.-i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 1005

(;olor of adult, olive green, slightly palor below, everywhere evouly cov-
erud with Nmall, round, blac-k spotH, cloau set but not contiueut, the lurgt'st
about equal to nostril; cnudtil peduncle and tin abruptly bright yellow,
unspotted; other tins colored like the body and similarly Hpott<>d, the
spots more sparse; vertical tins dusky-edged, the spots fuwt v on the edge.
Voiiii<;, light steel blue or gray, paler below ; a triangular silvery patch on
iirrastand opercles; caudal tin canary yellow, sometimes white, clouded
at base; second dorsal and anal black, a dark bar from napo through eyo;
Huout duHky ; small dark spots everywhere on body, those soniotimes so
iiinnerous as to reduce the ground color to reticulations. Rocky places
on thePacidc coast of Mexico; reaching a length of 18 inches; the young
of 1 or 2 inches in length abundant in rock pools about Cape San Lucas
and Mazatlan. The adult taken by us about Creston Island and by Dr.
Gilbert about the Revillagigedos and Cup ^ San Lucas, {■punoiatv.a, spotted. )

I'rionuntt punetatu$, Gill, Prm;. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 242, Cape San Lucas; yoiiiit;.

(Coll. John XantiiH.)
Xi mnu punctatuB, Jordan, Fishes of Sinaloa, 486, pi. 46, 1895.

I 1

2111. XKSUBU8 CLARIONIH, Gilbert &. Starks.

Head 3^ in length to base of caudal; depth 2. D. VII, 26; A. Ill, 22;
oye 3 in snout; pectoral 4 in length; ventral 7. Protlle undulating; con-
cave on snout and above eyes, produced before eyes and at occiput; occi-
put forming a well-rounded angle, behind which the curve of the back is
iiniforni to the caudal peduncle. Teeth in a single row, alike in both
Jaws, wide and tlat outer margin oblique, divided into 5 rounded lobes;
lower jaw inclnded ; gill opening equal in length to pectoral ; tirst dorsal
spine f as long as the others, which are snbequal; ventral spine extend-
ing to middle of vent, i length of soft rays; upper rays of pectoral pro-
tluced, the tin somewhat acute at tip ; posterior margin of pectoral concave ;
anal slightly higher than soft rays of dorsal but similar in outline. Body,
bead, and tins everywhere with a villous covering; 3 largo bony plates
u*>ar tail, not with recurved spines in our specimens. Color in alcohol,
uniform dark brown, often tinely mottled with darker in life, the caudal
(lark yellowish. Numerous specimens 15 inches long, obtained by Dr.
(jilbert {Albatross Coll.), at Clarion Island in the Revillagigedo Archi-
pelago. This species is much deeper than Xeaurus laticlavitis, as shown in
the figure given by Valenciennes, and shows no lateral band, but it may
be the adult of the same species.
Xesitnu elarionis, GiLnEKT &, Stabks, Proo, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1800, 445, pi. 51, Clarion Island.

.:^-l

i i ' V

2112. XESURUS liATlCLAVlUN (Vald'oioiines).

Head 4; depth 2i; eye 4; snout H. D. VII, 27 (VIII, 28); A. Ill or IV, 23.
Snout much produced, anterior protile below eye concave, between eye
and dorsal fin convex; 3 plates on median line of caudal peduncle, of
nearly uniform size; 8 incisors on each side of upper jaw. Color yellow-
ish or orange, a broad band of darker or brownish extending from gill-
opening to base of caudal fin, narrowing toward posterior end; body

.■iti^.U.:^^

'■&i

V !;

1696

Dulleiin ^7, United States National Museum,

proftiBoly covered with flno darker pnuctiilations ; fins nil pain oran;,"'.
(l)escriptiou from Viileiiciennea'ti plate, which may inrorreotly rt^prvsont
Xesiiriis punctatiia.). Galapagos Isluuds; ouly the typo known, {lalus
side; clavia, stripe.)

Prionuniii lalielaviun, Valkncienneh, Voyage V6nnH, 33n, pi. 7, (Ik. 2, IMfl, Gatapagd:^
lalands; (iUnthkh, Cat., in, 347, 1861.

#r ' • ;

Group PLECTOGNATIIT.
(The PLECToaNATHOus Fishes.)

One of the most important oflfshoots of tho Acanlhopteri is the groii]* or
order Plectognathi, including the 3 suborders of Svlerodermi, Osiraendermi
and Gymnodontea. The extremes of this group show a n^markable diver-
gence from tho usual type of spiny-rayed lishes. The more gencrali/t'd
forms are, however, very close to the group called Squamipinnra, and esjtc-
cially to the family of TeuthidUla:. There can be no doubt of the common
origin of lialiatida' and Teiithididw and that tho divergence is compariitivcly
recent. The close connection of these groups leads us to subordinate tho
I'lectognatlii to the Acanthopieri and to place its .3 suborders in their naturtil
position as an offshoot from the Squamipinne$, The riectoynathi may be
thus defined : *

Scapula suspended to the cranium by a post-temporal which is short,
undivided, and anchylosed to tho epiotic. Premaxillnries usually ooosificd
with the maxillaries behind and the dontary bones with the articular;
interopercleaslendorrod; lower pharyngeal bones distinct; upper pharyn-
geals laminar, usually vertical and transverse; skin usuiilly with ron^li
shields or scales or bony jdates; skeleton imperfectly ossified, the number
of vertebra? usually small, typically less than 24 (usually 14 to 20) ; rarely
considerably increased. Gill-openiugs restricted to tho sides; ventral tins
reduced or wanting, the pelvic bones usually elongate. Spinous dorsal
small or wanting ; air bladder without duct. Fishes chiefly of the tropics,
mostly inactive and depending on their tough skin or bony or spinous
armature for their protection. ( jr Aexrdj, braided or joined ; yvdOoi, jaw. )

m

Suborders of Plectognathi.

a. Jaws with distinct teeth.

h. Spinous dorsal present ; 'uo<ly with scales or movahle plates. SCLBKonKRMi.

bb. Spinous dorsal wanting; body encaso<l in an inunovablo carapace of hexagonal

plates; the jaws, bases of fins, and tail only free. Ostkacodekmi.

aa. Jaws each modifled into a sort of beak ; each jaw with an enamel-like covering anil

without distinct teeth ; scales rhomboid or spiniform, with root-like insertions;

spinous dorsal wanting. Gyhnodontes.

* Tho definition of this group is taken from Dr. Gill. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 412.)

i «

i,.lj.^-;r

il^

Jordan aud livermann, — Fishes of North America. 1697

Suborder SC^LEUODKRMI.

P1ccto)piathn with :i HpinoiiH dorHal composed of one or more spines
iiisertod JuHt behind the nraiiiiiiii; hody of the normal iish-liko Hhape;
scales rough, or H])iuiK<^roiiH, of rcj^iilar form; jaws with diNtinct teeth,
conical or inciHor-Iiko. Four faiuilicH may be rocogni/ed. {dnXtfiJoe,,
iiiird; SFfjfia, skin.)

a. ViMitrul lliiH roprcHttntciI each )iy it liirKo npinc, nnrmally iirticiiliitinK with tho pelvin
ImnoH; NcalnH rniiiiilpd, nioro or loHH Hpiuitrcroiig ; vcrtehric III.

'I'HiAfANTinn.K, ci.xvni.

aa. Ventral IIiir ohHoloto or tho pair rcpronentnil by a iiii]i;l« Hpiiio at tlic mil of the long

pnlvic hoiii^ Hcaloa roii^rh, rhoiiiliic, <tr M]>iiiilorin.

b." Vertchnc in Hiiiall iiiiiiibcr, 17 to 21 ; no barbel at chin ; k'H oponinK »ot bororo

the eyoH.

e. Fii-Ht dorsal composed of 3, nroly 2 HpincH, the llrnt apino very largo, I he

second locking it ir ■Toctiou; Hcah-Hciimparatively large, bony, rough,

forming a coat of 1....I1; vcrtebne 17. Ualihiio.*;, ci.xix.

ee. Firflt doraal of a single spine, with a mdimcnt at its baae ; scalos niinut«\

not bony, tho edges spinoacent, ho that the snrface of the body la

rough volvoty. MoNAtANTIIIDiK, CLXX.

Family CLXVIII. TRIACANTHTDiE.

Body compressed, covered with small or minute rounded scales more or
li'Hs spinigerous. Month small ; teeth in 1 or 2 series in ea(;h jaw, conical
or incisor-iike. First dorsal fin of 3 to 6 strong spines, tho fust one largest;
soft dorsal rather hmg and low, similar to anal; ventral fins each a strong
spine attached to the pelvic hone; vertebrie (in TrirtcafW/j««) 9-f 10=19.
I'lireo genera and about 5 species; tropical shore fishes, chiefly East
Indian, 1 of them American. {Triacanthina, GUnther, Cat. Fishes, viii,
208-211,1870.)

ruiACANTHODINiK:

(I. Teeth conical, not incisor-like ; oandal po<lunclo short.

i" I

b. Teeth in one row in each jaw.

HOLLARDIA, 660.

666. HOLLARDIA, Pooy.

llnllardia, Poet, Memcdas, il, 348,1861 (hoUardi).

Body compressed, rhomboid; the back elevated mesially, the dorsal
and ventral outlines similar. Dorsal inserted posteriorly, with 0 spines,
not depressihle in a farrow, thfi first spine much larger and longer than
llio others; ventral spines long and rough ; teeth conical, in 1 series, about
10 in each jaw ; no distinct lateral line ; scales each of several simple spines
separate to the base, long and sharp. One species. (Named for Henri Hol-
Iard,t at one time professor of zoology in the faculty of sciences at Poiters,

* Vertebrae 20 or 30, chin with a long barbel, gill openings before the eyes, in tho East
Indian family, I'idlocephalidce.

t " Je prie M. llollard d'acceptcr mon homniage, coninie un tribut de reconnaisaanco
pour le bean travail qu'il a in86r6 dans lea Annales des Sciences Itaturelles." (Poey.)

1008

liuUetiti 4y, Ihiilcd States National Museum.

IIonr,iHl, antltcir of "Mono^rnphindoliiramillcilcH nalintoideA" (1H53) niiil
otiKT ])ri|H«ra, tlie chief H«iurr» of «»iir knowl«Mlf(«^ of the Htructiiri' iiiul
relutlouH of the riootot^nathH.)

:!ll». IIOI.I.AKIUA IIOIJ.AKDI, I'ooy.

Ileud 2ii ; tli^ptli \\ ; «\vo liirKo, L'i in \ww\. T). VI, 17; A. M ; \\ ir.; C. ij
(Fppnr and lowur prollh-H of li«>ii«l <!<|iiall\ ohliqiio; tlrnt doraal Npino at
middle of body iind at itH hi^lieMt point; Aah^Wx Hlunder, H-f 5 in earhjiiw ;
tin I'tiyH all rough; vtintral iipinos longer than longoHt dornal Hpine, li^ In
head; noft vertical linH rounded; ])ectoval nhort, pointed; gill opfnin^;
vertical; Hkin everywhero very rough. Tale greeniHh, Avith interrupt«Ml
dar)< banilH. Cuba; ii ningle injured Hpeciinen, 9^ incheH long, M'ashod
ashore on the reef n«<ar Havana.

llollardta hotlardi, PoKV, MoiiioriaH, ii, 348, jil. IH, llg. 11, 1801, Cuba; (M'nthkk, (.'at., viii,
200, 1870.

Family CLXIX. HALISTID^.

1 ^ '

;f

■J'"''

it 1 'H

'Mi ■ Ti
":%,. ■:.:■

■■■■.?■ ■■■^i i!,i,

is "

■ fp, ■ Ml

(TlIK TKUlGKIt-KIHIIEH.)

Body oblong, or ovate, nioderat«dy couipreHsod, covered Avith rath(>r
large rongh scales or scutt's of varying i'orm, the B<-utcH not forming an
immovable carapace. Lateral line obscure or wanting. Mouth small,
terminal, low; jaws short, each with about 1 series of separate luciHor-
like teeth; eye near occiput; prcorbital very deep. Chin 'without barbel,
(fill openingH Huiall, slit-like, above or in front of pectoral flns, and not
before eyes. Dorsal itns 2, the anterior of 2 or 3 spines, the first spiuc
highest, very strong, the second locking it in erection; second dorsal
remote from the first, of many soft rays; caudal fln rounded or forked;
ventral tins wanting, their place o<'cupied by a single stout thick spine at
the end of the very long, usually movable, pubic bone. Post-temporal
short, simple, the forks obliterated, the b<uie grown solidly to the skull,
and with no foramen. Vertebra* in reduced number (17). Genera about
9, species about 50. Shore ilshes of the tropical seas, of rather large size,
carnivorous or partly herbivorous, very rarely used as food, many of them
reputed as poiHoucuis. According to Dr. Day, "Eating the flesh of these
fishes occasions in places Byni])toms of most virulent poisoning. Dr. Men-
nier, at the Mauritius, considers that the poisonous flesh acts primarily on
the nervous tissue of ^e stomach, occasioning violent spasms of that
organ and shortly afterwards of all the muscles of the body. The frame
becomes racked with spasms, the tongue thickened, the eye fixed, the
breathing laborious, and the p.vtient expires in a paroxysm of extreme
suff'»Jring." {lialistida; genus lialiatea, Giiuther, Cat., vii, 211-229, 1870.)

a. Caudal peduncle coinproHsed.
6. Teeth white or ]mlo, not red.

c. Teeth unequal, ohlique, each one deeply notched.

d. Gill opening with n number of enlarged bony plates or scntes bchiml
it ; ventral flap movable, aupported by a Hories of spineR, muro or
less free at ti]), and resembling tin rays ; cheeks entirely scaled,
without naked grooves or patches; eye with a groove before it;
scales rather small, 60 to 75.

Jordan aud F.vertnavn. — Fishes of North America. H509

«. DoritKl nnd mini Ahm fnlcnto In tlin ndnit; rnnilnl InlHtH ArnmliiAte
III adult : litttTiil lino Hlt'iiilur, iiiidiilati<, nioro or I<>hh davol<)|t(Ml;
Mt'uli'N of liill and iHrnttTlnr pnrlM iiiiiirinftd, Hiniilur to tlioHnoii
n<Ht of liod.v ; M'litnil llii|i will) idi'ndnr, nliiirp h|>Iii<<m: Ihinl
dorsiil apliMi liltir Hiiiallrr llian mM'iuid and roiii<)t<< fnim it.

ItAIJSIRH, (HI7.

n. Dornal and anal IIiin low and rounded, tlicir iiiikIcn and IIioho ol

ciiiidal not |iMdu I: litlcnil linn oliHo|<tt«, or with a triic« at

tlit< tthoiildiT; MialrM ol' |ioHl<-rlor partH i-nrli willi a liliint
Npliiti or tiilxTcli'; v<Milral Map narrow, itM Hiipportlnu Mplni'ii
Hloiit and thick in tliu adult; third dornal Mpino Niiiall.

rACMVNATIHTH.IMW.

dii. (illl oponinR with only ordinary Hcalox hidiinil It; no iinhu-|{)'d phiU'H
or Hi'iitcH; vi-ntnil (lap Hcarcely niovabh', IIm ■iirliK'tt Healed; lat-
eral llnt> idmolitto; third durMal apino Hiiiall orwanllnK; viTtical
thiH in adult nioro or Iohh nnt;nhito or falcalp.
/. Chin not projootini;; chuvkH vIoHtdy Hialod; dorHal Hpinna 3;
Hcali'H of ])(mtvrlur piirtit unarmed or kt<«<l«d.

Canthidrhmiii, (WW.
/. Chin mucli pro,|c('tini;; choi^k with 3 to 0 narrow purallid
groflvcH; dorHal spinoa 2; aoalca of ])oHtorlor pnrtH more or
loHH keelud. Xanthu-iitiiyh, 070.

ce. Toeth even, inciaor-like; sralen of posterior partH more or U'm* keeled; a
groove before eye, enlarged acuteH behind it; lateral line oliaolete;
third doranl apine aiiiall or wanting ; elieeka entirely acaled, bnt marked
by narrow groovea ; (>nlarged nealea prcHont behind gill o|ieiilng; ven-
tral tlap scarcely iiiovuble, ita Hiirl'aee acaletl; vertical Una morn orleaa
nngulateil. Mklichtiivh, (171.

667. BALISTES (ArttMli) Liniiii'iiH.

(TRKKIKIM'ISIIK.H.)

l\a\i»ien (AuTKni) Linn^.tth, 8yHt. Nat., Kd. x, 327, H.W (vthtla).

CiiliriKeui, Rafinksqi^E, Iniliee, 41, 1810 (eapriseu*).

Vhalitmia, Swainson, Nat. Hiat. Claaan Kiohen, 11, 325, 1830 {puleherrima) .

I'apiitcu*, Swainson, Nat. Hiat. Claaa'n Fisliea, 11, 326, 18.1U {eaiirineuii, after Capriteui of

WlIXCOHBY).

Htxly coinpresHetl, covered with thick, rough HcnleR or plates of moder-
ate H\'/,o, 50 to 75 ill a lengthwise series; a naked groove hefore eye b<>h)\v
nostrils; lateral line more or less developed, very sleiidc^r, iiiidiilat«>, eoii-
spiciKms only when the scales are dry, extending on the cheeks. Pelvic
Ihip large, movable, Biipported by a series of slender, pungent spines.
Caudal peduncle compressed, its scales unarmed, without spines or diller-
I'litiated tubercles similar to those on rest of body. Gill opening with
enlarged bony scutes Itehind it; cheeks entirely scal,v, without naked
patches or grooves. Both Jaws with irregular, incisor-like tet^th, usually
I DM each side in each jaw. First dorsal of 3 spines, the anterior of which
is much the largest, the seccmd acti as a trigger, locking the first when
ciceted; the third nearly as large as sec<md and remote from it; second
dorsal and anal long, similar to each other, in the adult always falcate or
lilainentoUH in frcmt; caudal fin rounded, with the outer rays mn<^h pro-
iliiccd in the adult; branchiostegals 6; vertebra; 7 + 10. Species ratlier
I'uw, chiutly American ; some of them straying to the Old World. {/JdXXoj,

. \: "'71'

i ■, I V-i

t,..| H

1700

Bulletin ./7, United States National Museum.

1 'i-'

';i-' ,■ 1

'Wl •::■

HK/ii [III

to Hhoot; halinta, nil iniitriiiiioiit for throwing nrrowN, in nlliiHinn tn tli'
tri|{u«r-lik)< Hpiiin; tlit^ wonl iH takt'ii direi'tly t'rnin thnltnliiin iiaiiio 7V«ci
ItaliHlra, (!I'oiih-Im>w llHh.)

("AI'HIMf't'M;

a. Liktornl * llni> <'oiii|ilrto, lieKlnniiiK on tlio low<«r pnrt of oh(>i^k, thMX^A ext^'nillii'
ii|>wur<l to iM'liliiil iiyi<, tliitiM'i' liiickwiinl to Imyonil tIrMt. ilorMul, lliniirr iilii ii|ill\
ilowiiwar! to ahovii iiuiil, tlK'ti iipwiinl iiiiil nt ImmI. Iiori/oiiliilly liiM'k wiiril on
ntiiiliil |ir<iliini'l«<, tint lliiii in-*M-ywli«rt> iiiik'Ii iintliilalt'tl, tint IIiu'M oT tlm two mIiIi .
<'oiiiM'(;li'<l liy II croitN linn nt tint nape; ilomal tin l'alcat«t ur (lluniontoiiH; ilorMal
ra,VN about III, 27; A. Uft,
b. Hcali'Mi|iilt«tHniull, nl>out7i> to7Sln it liuiKlliwlHn Hi>rl<^H; ilorMitl anil mini nniuiirki'ii
or marly no. imii.vi.kimm, 3114,

hh, Srnlt-H iiiiNlitriiti', In nliont OU (TiO to (iro in uli'iiirtliwiNo HerieH.
e. itiNly with I'uw liiiix H|ioliior none.

(/. DorMal aiiit anal Una |)laiii iliinky ullvo; mn\pn M). NAt'CRAninM, 'Jlt.S

dd, DorMAl and unal with olilii|ui< dark IhiikIh of IiIiiIhIi Hpotit; yoiiiit;

i-loiiiloil, anil with va^uo, ilimky blotrlii'M at liaHit of ilorHnI ; HraliN

ullOIlt 60, C-AUdUNKNHIH, 21in.

ee. li<Mly rovitreil with roiimliNh lilno-black H]Mit«; ilorHHl niiil anal Himilarly

Npottud. roKcii'A'rus, 2117.

Dalihtkb :

aa. Lateral lino incompleto, iiNunlly ilcvnlopod only on head, napn, and caudal pi'dunrli' ,

cheek with 2 broatl riirvrd bliiit liandH; Hniallitr baniU rndiatliiK from oyo; domal

111 adult with till) anterior ruya lllaincntoiiH. D. Ill, 28 or 20; A. zn to 27; Hrnli'x

flO to o:i; dornnl and anal with oblliiuo blulHh bnndH; U7 Noalea l)etwei>ii oricin nl

doraal and vent. vktula, 21 1h

Subgenua CAPRISCUS, Unfinoaqiie.

8114. IIALIHTKN POLYLKPIN, Steindaclinnr.

(I'BZ ITEKCO.)

Head 3i^ to 3* ; dopthlj; flnont lMi» lieail ; eyo5inliead. D. Ill, 27; A.
25or2(S; scaloH 70 to 75. ('andal pndniM'Ie iinariiiod. Upper proHlo mod-
erately elevated. Eight t«etli in each Jaw ; a groii]» of largo plates hehind
gill opening; a groove below the nostril. Dorsal and anal much eleviiteii
in front, the longest rays ahont as long as hoi i in the adnlt; caudal con
cave, with its angles much produ<-ed; pectonil short; lateral line exactly
as in JinliHtes varolinenaia. Color brown, a half ring at the corner of tlin
month; diffuse blue spots on nape and about spinous dorsal; vertical tins
nearly plain olivaceous. Lower California to Panama, generally coininon ;
a large species, reaching a length of 2 feet. (TfoAti?, many; \f.7tii, scale.)

Italittei polytfpU, Steindachner, Ichtli. Deitr., v, 21, 1870, Magdalena Bay; Mazatlan;
Acapulco.

8116. BALISTKS NAUFKAOIUM, Jordan .«. St arVo.

(PE7. PlTBRCO I>B LAS PlEDRAB.)

Head 3; depth 1;>. D. Ill, 27; A. 24; scales 50, 12 rows on cheek ; snout
li in head; eye 5; first dorsal spine Ijl; longest ray U ; longest anal ray K ;
upper caudal lobe li^; pectoral 2^. Body very plump, not strongly coin-

* The lateral lino iii these fishes is usually not noticeable unless the scales are dry.

Jordan and Evtrmann. — Fishes of North Amcriax. 1701

|trt>HM««l; no N|>iiiiiluii on t'liiiiliil pt'dnnrln; » tew lar>;ur hcuIoh hnhintl ((ill
oponiuxa; ((loovu liel'oro o.vo Hli^^ht, not nuktHl. Liit«rul lino trui'«ti(l»l«t lor
iiiost of itH lon^tli. I'li'Ht tloi'Miil H|)ino very Htoitt, tlie Miinl lunioto, inoil-
ci'iitu; (luiHiil niotleratoly oluviitnti und rulcuto; anul runn<l«Ml; niutliil
I'.iiiiltle funi-uvo, tint pointotl iintor ruyn lon^ur tlmn tliu ronndod inner
iiiioit. Park dull oliv««K''*'**'"> »(*<^rly pluin, od^uHotNraloH lur^oly |iiilo Iduo,
oNpuciulljr toward tint tail; taint tnicoH of nnnn^ro'mdark cfohh bandH; no
MtroakH on rluHtkii; thiH diiHky oliv««, tli*< jtcitoral and tlr^t dornal palur,
hartu of ]>o<-toral dnnky. Hov«>ral spiMiMienN, oarli about ii toot loii|;, went
tiikon front th» wr»fk of a I'ruurli man-of-war iu tlio AHtillt<r«> at Ma/i.t-
Ian by nsin^ dynaniito. Fonnd in ronipany with l'omavuntl,u» iotiipevtU'f
;tnd Xtiurut ^tUHctatHx. (utiufranium, a Hliipwreck.)

V,ali»li't naif/raiii\im,.\om\KV fi .Stahkh, FiHlicH dI' Siimloa, In I'roc.Cnl. Ac. Srt. IHUfl, 4H8,
Maxatlan. (TyiMt, No. 1050, L. 8. Jr. Uiilv, NtuH. Coll. llupkiuH ExiHidltioii toHiiialon.)

Slid. IIALINTKM CAItOlilNKXNIN, (imullti.

(LKATIIKKJA'JKKT; CUCUYO; " TlIKllOT.")

Iloadai; depth 1^ 1). 111,27; A. 25; scalcB UHnally about (iO (r>5 to 08) ;
al)()iit 35 HcalcB in an obliipio Hurien from vent ii|>ward and forward. Third
ilorinal Hpino shorter but stouter than tint Hucond and romotu frinn it ; idatuH
on head similar to thtmo on body; caudal lobvH produced in adult; Hoft
iloraal hi^h, itH longoHt rayH olevati'd but not tilamentous, in atlult 1^ in
iicad. Ventral flap large, aupported by Hevoral slender iningent HpineH
I'l-scnibling tin Hpinoa. Lateral line very Blonder, nhowiiig only as the
HI ales begin to dry, itH eourBe everywhere undulating and very eruoked;
it I'xtends from eye backward to inturspai-e between dorsaln, then bendn
alirnptly and obli(|uely downward to opponito tirHt third of anal, then
loiiiiB a V-Bhaped tigure, returning back to level of middle of <^audal
pt'duncle, whence nearly straight to base of caudal ; a branch from behind
u\ e extuuds obliquely downward and forward to the breaHt below pecto-
ralH ; a orosB branch at the nape connectH the lateral lines of the two sides.
Color iu life, olive gray; a more or less distinct darker cross bar un<ler
rntnt of H«>cond dorsal and 1 under last ray; some small violet spots on
upper iwrt of back; usually a ring of blue spots, alternating with olive-
;rrecn streaks, about eye; violaceous marks on sides of Hnout; first dorsal
spotted an<l clouded with bluish; second dorsal pale yellowish with clear
sky-blue spots separated by olive-green reticulations, the HpotH arranged in
rows; blue markings all fading in alcohol, leaving the olivaceous streaks;
liatie of dorsal with 3 or i dark difl'nse shades in the young; base of pecto-
ral bluish, with olive spots; anal colored like soft dorsal; jtectoral green-
ish. Tropical parts of the Atlantic; occasional northward in the Qulf
Stream ; very common on our coast and iu the Mcditcrraueau, rarely uorth
to England. (Eu.)

Ualistet earolinenHt, Omblin, Syst. Nat., 1, 1468, 1788, Carolina.

Hali$te$ capriieiis, Gmeun, Syst. Nat., i, 1471, 1788, Indian and American Oceans, alter

Gbonow; GUntheb, Cat., vin, 217, 1870j Jokdan & Gilbekt, Synopsis, 855, 1883.
Jialittea bvniva, LAcgpivUE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., i, 1798, Nice ; on a specimen received from

Profeasor Buuiva.

■«• H

! '■!

' 1)

f ■-■'!.■■] ■■■'

1702 nuUctin //, United Spates National Museum.

Halintea eaprimu, YALUNCiB.NNbH, Iclith. lies Cnnariea, 94, pi. 16, 1830, Canaries.
Iiali»te» fnlioinom*, I)K Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fislies, 339, pi. 67, «g. 188, 1842, New YorV.
JittlUtet Iceitiojiterua, I'oey, MomorioB, ii, 326, 1801, Havana; adult.

2117. BALI8TEN FOBCIPATCS, Omelin.

Head 3; depth 2i iu adult. D. Ill, 26 to 28; A. 25 to 27; scales «C; ejo
•^,1 iu houd; Biiout 3i. G«*neial form of Balitttes caprinma. First (lorsal
spine stout, rough anteriorly; third spine SRmll, inserted well behind
Hecond; soft dorsal with ^be third, fourth, and tifth rays much elevatetl,
considerably longer than head, in males at least; anal rounded, its ante-
rior rays not elevated; caudal double concave, its upper rays produced
in a short acute lobe. Four scapular plates— 2 large, 2 small. Golden
brown uibove, yellowish below; sides of head with many greouish-bluo
spots, oblong in form; a streak of similar color across snout; sides of body
with blue-black spots larger than those on head ; larger on lower parts
but most distinct on back ; most of these with a pale ring or ocellus ; soft
dorsal with similar spots, smaller and more ocellate; anal with smalhr
spots closer together; caudal unspotted; base of pectoral blotched with
black. Lateral line evident. (Steindachner.) West coast of Africa and
the neighboring islands, apparently straying to America, if Baliaies mori-
hundua and lialiatea powelli are the same, as seems probable. (Jorcipatns.
having fo/ceps, from the form of the tail.)

Stipviseh, WlLLUOHBY, Hist. I'lsc, Appendix, I, pi. 9, f. 4, 1086, High Seas, near St.

Vincent.
Ouaperva lata foreipata, Lister, in Willughby, Hist, rise. Appendix, 21, pi. 1, 22, lG8ti,

Brazil.
Jialittes foreipatuB, Gmehn, Syst. Nat., i, 1472, 1788, Brazil; after OvMperva lata of

Lister ; GCkthek, Cat., viii, 216, 1870.
JtalUtes punctattu, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1472, 1788; after Stipviieh of WiLLVimnw
BalisteM ap'totopterygiui, WalbaOM, Artodi Piscium, ill, 456, 1792, Brazil ; after Guaperrn

lata. Lister.
Balistea guttatut, Walbaum, Artedi Pise., in, 407, 1792, St. Vincent; after Stipvitch of

"T'lLLPOHBY.

Batiste^ oiliat'Ui, Blocii & Schneider, Syst. Iclith., 471, 1801, Brazil ; after Lister.

BalUtea liberiensis, Steindachner, Icbtb. Notizon, iv, 9, 1867, Monrovia in Liberia.

? Batistes potvelli* Cope, Pron. Ac. Nat. Sol. Phila. 1870, 120, Newport, R. I. (youn;;ii

JoRDAM &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 855, 1883.
BaVitft moribundus,^ Coi'E, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1871, 479, St. Martins; young.

* Baliites pow.lli, Copk. Head 3* in total length; depth IJ. D. Ill, 26; A. 22. Form
elevated, profile convex; scaler without prominent spines; 2 or 3 scapular plates; tii'Hl
dorsal spine rugose, 1^ in muzzle; third dorsal spine well developed. Ashy above, pnlo
below; sides every where with series of longitudinally oval azure spots; dorsal and anal
fins marked with smaller blue spots. (Cope.) Newport, Rhode Island : a doubtful spo
cies, probaljly the young of Baltgtes forcipatua ; in any event a species straying from the
"West Indies in the Gulf Stream. The shorter anal is the only evident character by wliidi
powelli could be distinguished from /oreipattu. (Named for its discoverer, Samuel Powell,
of Newport.)

t The following is a description of the type of Baliates moribundus. Cope : Head 'J ; :
depth li ill very young; eye 2 iu snout in young. D. 29; A. 20: scales about 00. Noni' of
tlu) rays produced (in the young). Caudal regularly convex, probably concave witli ii;;!';
iirst dorsal s]>ine bristly in front; third spine well develo])ed, much Itehind secoud ; ]!el
vie bone elongate, 8]>inous behind, its posterior part movable, its tlap with ray-like spiut'N :
scapular plates about 4; anterior teeth acuminate; cheek scales iiumeroug, rugose, no
naked fissures; anterior profile of head nearly straight: scales rough, their outlines in-
distinct, each with 2 rows of spinules, several hi an anterior curved row, and 2 in a
posterior row ; no spines on caudal peduncle; lateral line not evident in the type, prol)
ably appearing with age. Color br')wn, with many small, pale-blue epota all over BJtfcs of

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1703

, (younv:i ;

Subgenus BALISTES.

2118. ItALISTKS VETIILA, Lliiiin'n»,

(Old Wife; Old Wkn(;iij (.'(tciiiNo.)

Head 3; depth Ij^. D. Ill, 29; A. 27; Bcales 03. Lateral line placed as
ill Balistea carolinensia, but tho median ])art, from base of Irst dorsai to
IVont of caudal peduncle Avituting in tlui adult, brani^b on clioek ceasing
opposite gill opening; crosa branch present; ventral tlap well duvtdoped,
with slender, nharp Hpinos. Si^ales on head ninch smaller and more crowded
than thoue on body; third dorsal spine rather shorter and weaker than
second, remote from it; caudal fin widely forked, the lobes iilamentoui
and about equal; dorsal in adult iilamentous at tip; anal little elevated
anteriorly. Two curved, str<»ngly marked, bluish, dark-edged bands on
the side of the head, the lower from the angle of the mouth towurd the
throat, the upper from above the snout to the root of the pectoral ; th<)
color pevHistent in alcohol; a black, light-edged line, similarly curved
below tho eye; several other similar lines radiating from the eye; caudal
I'm margined above and below with bluish, and with an intra-marginal
bluish band ; dorsal and unal fins with transverse bluish bands ; young with
Home irregular oblique black lines following the rows of scales. Tropical
parts of the Atlantic. This species, according to Day, occurs also on the
coast of India, but the Indian form, called Balistes vetula, has a larger
number of fin rays. Common in the West Indies ; occasionally northward
ill the Gulf Stream as far as Woods Hole, {retula, an old woman; a
name commonly used for the species in the West Indies, aud^ like vit[ja,
its Spanish cognate, also applied to certain Labroids.)

Guaperva, Marcqrave, Hit«t. Bran., 1G3, 1G48, Brazil.

Tiinlu* oexdo radiato (the Old Wife) Catesby, Hist. Carol, pi. 22, 1725, Bahamas.

Ilalistes vetula, Linn^us, Syst. Nat , Ed. x, 329, 1758, Ascension Island; after Balistes

vetula of OSBECK, Iter Chinenaie, 294, 1757; GiJNTUEB, Cat., viii, 215, 1870; Jobpan

& Gilbert, Synopsis, 855, 1883.
Ilaliste* belhu, Walbaum, Artedi risciuiii, ni, 467, 1792, West Indies, after Fboyeb.
Chttliosma velata, Swainson, Class' u Fishes, ii, ;t25, 1839, after Vetula,- ]>rol)ahly a misprint.
Ualistet equettris, Gbonow, Cat. Fishes, Ed. Gray, 31, 1854, American Seas.

668. PACHYNATHUS, Swainson.

' \\

■I: "M

f

Ii:

22. Form
.tes; tirst
L»ove, pule
I and anal
btful ppe-
froiu the
by wliiili
IPowill,

I Head 'Jj;

N OUl' ol

I with an*'-,
Tcond; pel
BiO 8piue« •
hiEOSC, IK)
Ufines in-
tnd 2 in a
^pe, pvoli-,
' sides ol

I'achi^nafhus, Swainson, Class'n Fishes, ii, 326, 1839 (trianijularii—capistrattu) ; not Paehy-
gnatha uor Paehygnathus, both tliese names earlier used for genera of spiders.

This genus differs from Balistea in the rounded outlines of the vertical
liiis and in the presence of spines or tubercles on the scales of the poste-
rior part of the body. Ventral fiup small, somewhat movable, its support-

lu-ad .and body, most of them oblong, most distinct posteriorly, wanting on breast; other
spotH distinct on sides of snout; 3 largo black biolches at base of second dorsal tin
and 1 at base of tirst, the latter ditfnse, vague dark bands descending from these; dor-
!<al and anal with pale spots, none on caudal ; base of pct^toral dusky. St. Martins Island,
in the West Indies; known from 1 very young example obtained by Dr. von Kijersma;
tlio above description from this specimen whicti is probably the young of Balistes ford-
fialus, from which only the rounded fins distinguish it; this evidently a character of
iinniatnrity. We are indebted to the kindness of Dr. Edward J. Nolan for an opportunity
tu examine this and others of Professor Cope's types, (moribundus, causing death.)

f4

1704 Bulletin 4-7 ^ United States National Museum.

iug BpineM short and very thick; luterul line reduced to a trnce at Viws
Hhonldor. From the more closely allied genas Jiolistapiis, to which most
of the East Indian Balistoids belong, Pachynathm ditFttra chiefly in the
presenco of the prcocular groove. Species rather few; all of tho Pacilic
Ocean; 1 ranging to our coasts. (TTtr^t^f, thick; yvdOo'^, jaw, hence cor-
rectly written Pachygnathua, u name preoocupied.)

li' 'i

2119. PACIITNATHUS t'APISTBATUS (Shaw). .
(Fez Pukkco.)

Head 2)f ; depth 2. D. HI, 30 or 31 ; A. 27 or 28; scales 51 to 64. Body
rather oblong, a groove before the eye. Each scale, for about 9 rows on
the tail and posterior part of sides, with a small, smooth, inconspicuouH
tubercle ; aboat 34 scales in several parallel horizontal streaks in front of
pectoral, a transverse series from soft dorsal to vent ; a few bony scntcH
behind the gill opening, 1 of these considerably enlarged. Lateral lino
obsolete, reduced to a slender groove on a few scales behind eye. Dorsal
and anal tins rather low, with outlines rouiuled or slightly angular in front,
the first rays not produced; caudal double truncate, the angles scarcely
produced. First dorsal spine strong, somewhat roughened. Ventral flap
small, somewhat mo\ able, supported by a few short, thick spines. Uniform
blackish brown; a yellowish ring from middle of upper lip around the
lower jaw; a straight yellow stripe from this ring toward the pectoral,
not reaching the gill opening ; this sometimes absent or indistinct. Two
types of coloration seen by us. Some specimens, probably females,
are dull olive with darker clouds; no yellow on jjosterior parts Avhich are
scarcely paler behind; fins all plain olive blaitkish; streak behind moutli
light bluish, very faint, soon fading after death ; lower lip blue, then golden,
then a blue ring, then yellow, then bluish ; upper lip livid, bluish above.
Other specimens, which are probably males, are dark olive clouded with
darker; posterior half of body deep yellow below median line; tins black-
ish; first dorsal bright olive yellow on membranes; green on caudal mem-
branes, the rays black; anal reddish; streak behind mouth bright red in
one, whitish in another; upper lip livid blue, then orange, then golden,
then livid, blue, or purplish, then orange, then crimson, then dark. Still
other specimens have whitish marks instead of red. Pacific Ocean ; widely
distributed through the East Indies and on the coast of China; also abun-
dant on the Pacific coast of tropical America from Magdalena Bay to the
Galapagos. The specimens here described from the Venados and Croston
islands at Mazatlan, and from La Paz and Chatham Island. Our (male)
specimens agree perfectly with Bleeker's figure drawn from East Indian
examples. (oapi8tratu8, bridled.)

Le Batiste bride, JukctPtDK, Hist. Nat. Polss., i, 335, 1798; on a drawing by Commebson;

wiuhont locality.
BalMtet capUtratut, Shaw, Gen'l Zoiil., -•, 417, 1804; aft«r Laci&pj:de.
Balisteu amboinensis. Gray, Hardwiclce, Illast. Indian ZooL, 1834, Amboina.

*The sexual organs in specimens taken at Mazatlan in January are too little developed
to enable us to recognize the distinctions.

at th(i
1 most
in the
I'acilii'
i;e cor-

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1705

naliitfn viiiis, Bknnktt, I'roc. Coiiiin. Zojil. Soc, i, 1831, IRO, East Indies ; (iONTiiEit, Cat.,

VIII, 218, 1870.
I'achynathvt triangularin, Swainbon, Clnss'ii riHlies, ii, :'>2G 1839, Vizagapatam ; aftor

JU'SSELL, pi. 20.
Iiiilistes hippe, KicilABDSON, Voy. Sulphur, FiHiitm, 127, 1843, East Indies.
liuliiteg /renatus, liiciiAitusuN, {. c, 129, 1843, East Indies; Kleeker, AiIuh luil., pl.323,

1862.
iudUtei tehmiltii, Ulekkek, Verli. Bat. (ien., xxiv, 37, 18ri2, Sumatra.

■OWH on
picuoua
front of
y scutes
srul lino
Dorsal
in front,
scarcely
itral 11 lip
Unilonu
)un(l the
pectoral,
ct. Two
females,'
vhicli are
id mouth
m golden,
ih. iibovf.
ided with
Ins hlack-
idal moni-
Iht red in
a golden,
•k. Still
; widely
Iso abun-
,y to th<;
tl Cr<^8ttiu
iir (niah)
it Indian

JMMBBSON ;

I developi >1

669. CANTHIDERMIS, Swainson.

(SOUACO.H.)

('(inlhidermU, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. ClaHs'n. Aniui., 11, 325, 1830 (angulosus—maovlatua).

This genus differs from lialiaies chiefly in having the gill opening sur-
rounded by ordinary scales, there being no developed bony scutes behind
it. Body much more elongate than in lialiates; dorsal 8])in('S 3; dorsal
and anal elevated in front; caudal with its angles acute; scales moderate,
not very rough; scales of caudal peduncle unarmed, or with a median
spine; cheeks completely scaled; a naked groove before eye. Species
not well '■'■■ own, inhabiting both Indies. Giinther places all except C.
(iureolu8 in tho synonymy of Canthidermia mcciilatns. The variation in
»«(juamation and in tho number of fin rays shows that at least C. aufflamen
and especially C. sobaco are distinct from C. maculatua. {ocHavOcx, spinu;
(^ep/iia, skin.)

(I. Sciilc8 of trunk each with a me«lian spine or keel ; eye moderate, 4 in snout measured
obliquely ; tips of vertical fins moderately produced ; D. Ill, 2C ; A. 24.

SOIIACO, 2120.
ua. Scales of trunk without median spines or keel.

b. Dorsal raj's III, 27; anal r.ayt 25. £ye large, 3 in snout, measured obliquely;

tips of vertical fins much produced; adult plain brownish, unspotted, but

sometimes clouded with paler. suffi.amen, 2121.

6b. Dorsal rays III, 22 to 24; anal 19 to 2t; scales uot very rough; adult with

more or less of blue or pale spots. MACi'LATUS, 2122.

bbb. Dorsal rays III, 20; anal rays 17; lower parts spotted with white.

WILLCQHUEII, 2123.
2120. t'A>'TIIIDEK.«IN SOBACO,* I'oey.
(Sobaco.)

Head 4 (in total with caudal) ; depth 2. D. Ill, 26; A. 24. lioc'.y com-
pressed; first dorsal spine 7;^ in total length; hijihost dorsal ray 3^; anal

* The following nominal species is probably tlio young of Canthidermii sobaco :
Canthidennis aiperrimus, Copk.

D. 26 ; A. 24. Orbit large, 2^ in muzzle, 4 in head. Pelvic depth IK, humeral 2j^ times in
totiil length; anal depth 2jt times intheHame. The scales possess a convex vertical series
of short acute spines, with a median large spine directed backward from middle of series,
lis anterior margin is sharp, and its anterior base supported by a number of convergent
ril)s. Spines) of aorsal scales have a br.anch scale at base in front. The cheek scoles are
very numerous and not larger than those of body. Dorsal spine strong, stout, with 4 rows
of spinules, smooth behina; no larger caudal spines; caudal flu convex, without project-
iiij; angles; profile nearly straight, interrupted by the convex orbital margin. Color
brown above, yellowish below; 4 longitudinal dark-brown stripes above middle of side,
wliich break into spots posteriorly ; 3 brown spots at base of dorsal fin; belly with broad
irrogular dark bands; on the caudal peduncle avid pelvic region similar broau bands form
;i coarse reticulated pattern; flns brown-spotted. Tvpe 3 inches in length. Locality
uncertain, supposed to be from St. Martins, West Indies, or from Darien. (Cope.) it
belongs to Division I. A. of the genus of Hollnrd ; that is, the scapular snuamation similar
to that of the sides, and the third dorsal spine well developed ; tlie cheek scales not sepa-
rated by naked fissures. (a»pernmti*, most rough.)

3030 30

1 - . ■ 1.-

Bi;

slu.

.■'■-iw-^-^t^il.^-*

c -I' .i- a'rwViiS . 'fiM ;■■ J

1706 Bulletm 47, United States National Museum.

ray 3|; oye 5^ in head, 4 in anoitt; pecturul uliort, rotmded; caudal nu-
Hiiilly convox, the pointH produced aud equal ; first dorsal spine over base ol'
pectoral; distance from tip of snout to tip of pelvis equal to greatest
depth of body ; dorsal and anal falcate; scales granulated, those on the
pelvis and base of dorsal and anal longer than broail; thoHe of caud:il
region keeled or spinesccnt. Dark brown ; vortical fins duaky ; sexoH si m i
lar; air bladder lar^e; no pyloric caecum. Length 2 feet. West Indies,
rarely north in the Gulf Stream to Woods Tlolo, Massat^husettH, \vh»!re J
younj? individuals, ligreeing essentially with Cope's description of V.
aapirrimua, were recently obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission. {Sobacu,
tho Spanish namt^ at Havana.)

Haltiteti nobaeo, Poey, ^MoinoriaH, ii, ;)24, 1R01, Havana.

Balintes anperrimus, (Jope, Tin:j». Am. Phil, So(!. 1871, 478, Huppoaud to bo from St
Martins. /

2121. CANTIilDKRMIS SI'FFLAMKN (Mitchill).

(.SOBACO.)

D. Ill, 27; A. 25. Differs from Canthidernm sobavo in the larg(3_ oyo,
which is 3 in the oblique length of suotit. Points of dorsal a d an:il
longer, that of dorsal 3 in total length; produced tips of caudal xunger,
reaching beyond the convex middle of fin. Seales of trunk without
median spine or keel. Body more elongate. Dorsal and pelvic spines
smoother than in C. aohaco; scales generally loss rough. Plain brownish;
sexes similar. West Indies; our specimens from Havana. This species
and the preceding are referred by Giinther to the synonymy of Canthi-
dermiH maculatua. This reference soems to be incoiTect. Canthidernm
macidatus is covered with round white spots; its vortical lins arc higher
than in C. sufflamen, and the number of fin rays is much less, (eufflavuii,
an impediment; referring to the second dorsal spine, which prevents th(^
depression of the first.)

Sobaco, Parra, Dif. Piezas Hist. Nat. Cuba, 17, f. 1 3, 1787, Havana.

Baliites tufflamen, MrrcHiLL, Tranii. Lii. and Pbi) Soo. N. Y., i, 1815, 467, locality unknown ;

»ti<l by De Kay to bo from the South Atlantic.
Balistea maerops, Poey, Mouiorius, i(, 326, 1861, Havana.

2122. CAMIilDERMIM MACULATUS (Blouh).
(Ocean Turbot.)

Body elongate. D. Ill, 24 (II, according to Bloch, who overlooked tlio
third spine; III, 22, according to Gronow); A. 21 (19). Dorsal and anal
fins short and high; body and fins with round blue spots; eye small;
scales without median keel. West Indies. (Bloch.) Not seen by us.
The description of Bloch agrees a]>parently with the species called Balistes
melanopteru8 by Cope, who describes a specimen from *'Darieu," but
whether A:om the Colon or the Panama side of the isthmus is not stated ;
probably the former. If wo can trust descriptions, this species (main-
latii8=:melanoptcrH8) is closely allied to the oi.-; here called Canthidermis
aujjlamen, differing in the shorter dorsal and anal and the spotted bo*I,\ .

-■'-rl-ixr^^:^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1707

iidal iiu -
sr base nf
greatest
le on the
)f caudil
BXOHsiini
it Iiulirs,
I, wh»iie 2
ion of C.
(Sobacu,

1)0 from SI

I'oBsibly Oiintber Ih ri^rbt in reforriug 8ufflanun, macropx, orulaUts, uiul
irlUuijhheu to tlio synonymy of maoulaliia, l>ut in tbat cad«« tbn variations
Ml color untl in <in ruya must bo unnsnully large, {nuuulatua, spotted.)

Itnlutes radii) dortali-venfrali'iue hnmilimn, etc., (Ikonow, Zoopliyl., 102, 17<15, American

Ocean; ilorsiil rnyn III, 22; ' . 19; belly himiUoiI witli whiUi.
naliKtenmaeiiliitii*, |{i.(h;ii, IcIilliyoluKiii, I>l. 151,1780, West Indies (IihhimIuu a specinii-n

with 1). II, 24 ; A. 21 ; Ixxly itnd Huh spotted with blue) ; GCntiie6, Cnt., viii, 213, 1870 ;

i:: piirt.
l!(i[iiite»ainericamu,GMK\AS, Syst. Nat., i, 1472, 1788, America; aftor GnoNOW.
lUilistes maeropteniH, Walhaum, Artodi IMrc.., mi, 4(!r>, 1792, America; alter Gmipfow.
: llalUtenoculahu," iiiiAY, Ilardwicke's Illimt. Iiid. Zoiil., Fishes, pi. 8, tig. 1, 1832, India

(young); figured by Ui.EKKKK, with white spotM. D. Ill, 2^ ; A. 21.
Iktliiten ru/im, GnoNOW, Cat. Fislies, Ed. Gray, 30, 1854, American Ocean. 1). Ill, 22;

. A. 19; after G ondw.
Uttlietei longus, Gronow, Cat. Fishes, Ed. Gray, 37, 1854, American Ocean. I). I'll, 24;

A. 21 j color reddisli, paler below; eye inoderato,
a, ili»te» melaHopterus,i Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 1871, 478, Darien.
lUtliatetmaculatus, Day, Fishes of India, 688, 1878,* iu part.

argc^- oyb,
[ a d auiil
lal monger,
k without
Ivio spines
brownish ;
his 8pecio.s

of Canthi-
anthidermin
are higher

{aafHamin,
revents th(^

ty nnlcuoNvii;

looked the

|l and an ill

Bye small;

len by iis.

led BalisteH

Irieu," but

lot stated;

pies {mavn-

inthidermis

cted botlv.

2138. CANTIIIDKRMIS WILLIJGilBKII (Lay &. Itennott).

Hcad.SJ; depth 2jt; cy« moderate, about 4 in snout. D. Ill, 20; A. 17;
scales about 63. Body elongate, covered with smoothish scales, those on
caudal peduncle not keeled. Third dorsal spine small, not fjir behind
Hccond; ventral flap as in Xanthichthya, obstmre, immovable, scaled over
ill adult. Jaws subequal. Dorsal and anal short and high, tlie longest
dorsal ray 3i iu body, longer than base of fin. Caudal uu^sially rounded,
with sharp angles. No lateral line. Greenish, with round bluish spots
from size of pupil nearly to size of eye, on body and bases of vertical lins.

* The following is Day's do8«!ription of the East Indian species, Canthidtrmi* oeulatus
(( ira;, ), to whicii he give>i the name Vantliidermis mactilatut. This de8crii)tiou apparently
rolcrs especially to Vnntliidennis oeulatus, but it includes Atlantic specimens, ami may be
t I'used with Canthidi'fmiit siijllamen :

•B. VI. D. Ill, 26 or 27; P. 15; A. 24 or 25; C. 12; scales 4 . to 55 ; L. tr. 28; length of
111 ail 31} to 4, of caudal fin 6^ to 7; heighv of body 2} to 3 in total length; eve 2 to 2J
diameters from end of suout and 2 apart. A groove iu front of eye. Teeth uneven,
iiiiIcIhhI. First dorsal fin commences above gill opening, its anterior spine strong and
nearly i as long as head; ventral 8])ine usually movable; posterior edge of caudal convex
or uiididated; second dorsal and anal high anteriorly, especially fn adults. Cheeks
entirely scale<\ ; no osseous scutes behind gill opening. Scales rough .tnd granulated, but
wiiliorit spines or prominent tubercles, except in the immature. Itluisn black; youcg
examples arecovered with numerous light blotches, more especially in lower half of body,
lliese snots are less numerous and larger in adults; dorsal spuie black; eyes hazel. Indian
anil Atlantic Uceans, more especially iu their tropical and .subtropical portions; also the
Paeitic, and occasionally on the British coast. It is very common at Madras, attaining at
lea^t 16 inches in length."

t The following is Cope's description of Batistes melanopterus :

liadii 2. D. 24; A. 21. Diameter of orbit twice in muzzle and teeth; front convex in
|initilo, head rather acuminate; anal depth 2.66 times in same. Length of head (to
bianchial slit) 3.33 iu same. Anterior rays much larger than posterior, but not produced
lieyond membrane. Extremity of caudal fin slightly rounded. First spinous dorsal ray
ns'long as from orbit to rictus oris, rugose, the rug<e almost spinous distally, the poiut.1
,ill directed forward, not outward, as in H. aspernmus. Third spine well developed.
Siales with 3 rows of spines on posterior and 4 on anterior part of body. On the former
1 anterior is prominent and directed backward, some 10 rows being most marked; they
ilisappear toward other parts of the body, and the rfmaller spines become tubercles. Thcs
whole surface of the scale is covered with these, and the radiating ridges which converge
tiivvards them. Scales on scapular region very small. I'elvic plato narrow, without
jiiint, cheek scales in transverse series. Post-pelvic rays indistinct or wanting. Color
lilacki.sli above, brown below, spotted except ou head and anterior part of back with ]»ale-
bi'owu spots smaller than pupil; unpaired fins uniform black. Durieu. Length 4 inches.

'•' B V

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1708 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

Si/,0 liirgo. East IikUoh; onco (loiilttfnlly recordoil from Ai'ivpiilco. V»ir\
ii\ofiv> to CttnihidermiH niuviilatiia, if roiilly ditVoreiit. IthiiHHtill fowor lin
rays if the figiiro of Itleolier iind tlio duAcription of liay «.V Heiinett ciin hn
trusted. (Named for Francis Willughhy, the learned author of llistoriu
Pisciuui, in 16«6.)

llaliHti* willuijhheii, Lay it IJknnkit,* /oiildK.v "f lUiochoy'H Voyuno, 08, pi. 'Jl, \\\i. j

18;i0, Acapulco.
} Jlalintes maculatuii, Ulkkkkk, AUiih IihI., ]i1. 21M, tlK.4, 1802, East Indies; uulut' J(u>< ii

370. XANTHICHTHYS, Kaup.

XanthiehthjMi {K\vv) Uiciiauuson, Encyclo|>iHliii Uritiujiiicit, K«l. xu,. 'till, 185(1 (cuniv*,!
vicun) .

Hody oblong, covered with nioderato-si/ed HiiioothiHh sitalos, thoflo on
posterior p.-irtof body usually with blunt keels; no enlarged scutes bfhintl
gill o|iening; no lateral line, or only a triK-e at the shoulder; a groovo
before eye; il to 5 narrow grooves on the cheek. Cuu<Iai peduncle deeper
thau broad; dorsal spines comparatively small, 2 only; soft dorsal and
anal moderately elevated, the tips acute; caudal lunate; mouth small,
placed high, the teeth as in lialiHtcH; the lower jaw mu«'h projoctiiit;;
voutral daps und«ivoloped, immovable, and scah>d ovt^r. Cbielly American ;
2 species known; allied to CanlhidenniH, but ditVering in several reganis,
especially in the grooved cheeks, projecting chin, and fewer dorsal spincH.
{qayOdi, yellow; /V^t'?, fish, which is not true of any species; possibly
Xanthium, the cocklebnr; I'xOvi, fish, was intended.)

* The following is the lull toxt of tlio (Umrriptioii of Lay & Ueniiott:
" lial. ohlongo-oualU, infra confortini albido giittatiiH; squaniiH lateralibUH iioBticisnui'
Hul>Hi>inoHiH; pinniit dursali Hucunda anuliquu elevntiH, trinngiUaribiis; caiulali trilolM.
D.3,20; P. 14; V. — ; A. 17; C. 12, Plato xxi, t\a. 2. (hia/ierva longa, etc, WiLU, Iclitli.
App., p. 21, tab. r, 20; Kay, Syn. Pise, p. 48. Pricklo or longest File-fisb, Grew, Uav., ji. i 1:1,
t.ib. 7. Hab. in Oceano PactHco, propo Acajnilco. A spocnncn of this tM\ was preHcrvcd
by Captain Helcbcr, K. N., and presented by liiin to tlio Muhouiu of the Zoolofjiial SociLty.
Its form is more olonuattid than is usual anioug its ooii^onerM, its hui^ht being less I linn ^
of its total Icnstli. Its surface, as in other spccios of 7/aZt.vtt'«, is divided into compaLl-
nii^nts, of wliicli those l)ehind tlio gill openings on each sido are not evidently larijcr t li;iii
the adjoining ones, their distinction in this part being very faintly marked ; eacliof tint
<;oni)iartment8 posterior to the fu^ctoral tins, excepting those of thenack and belly, is I'lii-
uished, toward its anterior part, with a short whitish, somewhat spinous, tubercle, dirccti':!
backwards. On the tail tuese tuliercles form 9 rows, bnt none of tln^m is sutlicicntly
strong to deserve the name of spines, and they can only be regarded as reprcseDt in;: t Im
strong arnuiture of this part in some other species. The total length is 11 inches, of whicli
the caudal tin occupies 2 inch From tlie ti)) of the nose to the anterior part of tlio
orbit tho distance is !« inches; the diameter of the orbit, H of an inch; th(. anterior r.iy
of the tirst dorsal tin, 1 inch in length, is ]>laced 1 ini^li behind tho orbit; lengtli of tlin
lirst dorsal, 1 inch ; between it and the second dorsal, 1.^ inches ; length of second doi'.s;il,
2 inches, that of its fourth ray being 2J inches ; from its termination to tho base of I lui
caiulal, 1} inches ; length of the outer ray of tho caudal, 2 inches, of the middle ray.s, 1 •; ;
from the base of the caudal to tho anal tin, IJ inches; base of tho anal tin, 1} indies, its
fourth ray lieing 2 inches in length ; hence to the ventral, Avhich is J of an inch in leii^M )i,
II inches. The pectoral fins aro moderate, 1 inch in length by Jin their greatest breadtli.
'rlie greatest height is above tho ventral fin; it is here 3J inches; the depth acro.'<s llio
tail is 1 inch. Tho only distinct mention of this ilsh which we have met is contained in
the works of Willughby, liav, and (irew, -whose several figures anrl descriptions rest ;ill
apparently on a single' specimen, existing in their time In the Museum of the Kiiyiil
Society. Of the identity of our species with tiieirs it is almost impossible to entertain a
doubt. TJio synonyms quoted from them are referred by Uloch an(l succeeding writers to
the lialittea maculattis, Bloch, a species ditlt^ring in various respects, and particularly liy
its greater comparative breadth, its longer dorsal and anal fins, and the larger number (if
rays in those fins." (Lay &. Hennett.)

f Xanthiclithyn, Kau)> : Alarked furrows on the face ; 2 rays in the first dorsal ; no shield.-*
behind the gill opening; 1 species, X curastavieun. (Ricliardson, I. c.)

'ii tail

!s-..v,,,j»w^^--m;:.„v,k '.■

Jordan atid Fvcrviauu, — Fishes of North Amrrua. 1709

(I. Clio(*k witli ;i ({roiivi'H; HCiily biiHal )iart <>l' ilorHHl tiiiil iniiil r*><l; Hiili«M with illHdnrt
litica (if piiritlixli H))iitH. itiNiiKNH, 'J124,

aa. Clii'dk will) n imrrnw j^roovrH; Hciily IuihiiI |iiirt nf iIiu'hiiI iiiiiI iiiial Muck; hIiIch
witliiiiit tliHtinct Htript'H or IIiivhdI'iIuIh; hciiUh nf |>oHtt>rioi- part of liotly olmniruly
tiiborculalv. mknto, '.!ll!5.

Bfjll (OH»'(«.v«i(

8124. XANTIIiniTllYM lUNOKAN (laiiim um).

(COCUYO.)

IToftrt 3; (loptli L'. D, II, .31; A. 28; P. 11; sraloH :W. n.tdy ohlonj;, its
<lo])th at aiiiiH ^ It'HH iliaii at ])oIvij; oyu vory high, r> in head, 3 in Hnoiit
to tipH of n])p«r tenth ; preoriihir fnrrow niodorate ; lower jaw nmcli huigor
than np]>or; noonlargbtl platoH behind gill op«^ning; chock with 3 oidiqne
naked Btri]ieB like scara from gill opening to chin ; dorHa^ Hpinos 2, the first
vory large; soft dorsal moderately elevated, itw longest ray \ length of
haHe of fin; anal similar, the margin little concave; caudal lunate, itH
an^los well marked; ventral and dorHul spines not very rough; verticol
ilianieter of scales double the longitudinal; median tubercle ])re.sont only
on the tail. Color clear violet, the stripes on cheeks violet black; body
with interrupted longitudinal lines formed of a large violet point at
each intersection of scales; lins of the ground color; upper and lower
liorders of caudal violet red, the posterior edge blood red; a narrow yel-
low streak along front of other fins; scily sheath at base of tins red.
West Indies and southward; recorded from Mauritius; probably widely
distributed. Length 10 inches, (ringcna, Huarling or showing the teeth.)

UiilhteH rinj/en*, LiNN/KUH, Sjst. Nat., Ed. X, 329, 1758, no lornlity; Miis. Adolpli. Frid., 1,

U%. D.III,2B; A.20; "liiteribuH ciipitoH tripliratcH;" (ii'xrirKU, Cut., vin, 221.
Cuciijio, Pakka, Dif. I'i«v/a«, etc., Cuba, 1!», 1787, Havana; after Linn.kuh.
liaUstet eiiratfavicus, tiMKMN, Syst. Nat., i, 1472, 1788, Curassavia (Curasao) ; after

(IRONOW.

Jiatitteinotatut, GRONOW, Cat. Fishes, Ed. Grny, IIO, 1854, both Indies.

lliiUstes nitidvt, (liioNow, ('at. Fislios, Ed.(iray, 30, 1854, American Ocean.

lialiiteii lineo-punctatii», Hoixaud, Aiiu. Sci. Nat. 1854, 4th SericB, Vol. 1, 05, Bourbon

Mand.
Utili.iteg cicatricottis, I'oey, Moinorias, u, 327, 1801, Cuba.
Ilalistei heckeli* J. W. von MCllkii, Ueiseii in >'^ereinif!ten Staaten, Canada und Mexico,

1, 182, 1804, Mexico.
Xanthichthys eieatricosus, Poey, SynopHii*, 435, 1808.

* Jlalistes heckeli, A-on Miiller, is anparontly a species of Xanthichthyi, and is probably
iilcnticnl with A', ringent. Tlie original description is very imperfect and reads as follows :

"Der zwoite Fiscli gehort deni (jenus liaUsten an, dessun Cluiraktero in Folgendcni
licstclion: Acht Ziilnio in jcdcr Kiunlado, zwei Kiickeutlossun, von welchen die erste nus
ciii Oder zwei hdruerartigon Stacheln bosteht, die sie in eiut; Kinno aiif deni Kiipfe niodcr-
lt';;i'ii kiinnen, die zwcito abcr woich ist und iibor der Afterilosse stelit; die liauchflossen
I'chlon und sind diircb ein iihnliches Horn wie das anf deni Klickon orsetzt.

"Die yegenwiirtijje spocies, welclie icb ebeufalls n'it Striin^ea von Fucna pyri/eruii
aiiDischte, ist nrachtvoll ultraniarinblau auf dent Kiicken, wehdies nacb der I'nteraeite in
Wci.ss iiberjtj'iit; anf der Oberseito niit nelbrotlien, nacli dcin Banche blassziegelroth
wtM'den den Flecken ; st'inimtliche Flosscn undSchwan/. lebliaft zief^elrotb; die wach vorn
iiiit starkcn Siigeziihnen versehencn Horner dunkel Kraublao; das Auuo feurig rostbrann,
vii'd lebhaft und intelligent bin- und herbewegt. Brust- und Afti>rn<>sBen befinden sich
bci dicseni Fiscb in einer fortwiihrend auserordentlich raschen, zitterend Bewegung. Ich
liabu die Species nieinen beriihniten, zu friih dabin gescliledenen Freundo ilcckol zu
lOliren Halistes heckelii genaunt."

(J. W. von Miiller, Keiaen in den Yereinigteu Staaten, Canada und Meuco, i, 182, 183,
1864.)

1 I.

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1710 FiuUefm 47 ^ Untied States National Museum.

iVHu XANTIIiniTIIVS NKXTO (.rorilim \ (iillmrt).

\\m<\ 3i; aopth 2)i. D. II-I, 2J»; A. I. 2»J; HonleH 37, 23 in an ol>lif|ii(,
8ori«>8 iipwuril aiul forward from fVniit of niiiil. liudy oblong, elliptim I,
Hliglitly lioiivieHt forward; doraul and vontriil uutlinos Biiiiiliir, iiuitlicr
much aroliod ; body not atrongly couipreasod, ita greutust thiitknesH a littli>
lesH than \ its groatnat dopth; month vt^ry aniall, t<>rn)innl, higbnr up
than usual, nearly in lino of axia of body, the chin protruding boyonil il ;
widtli of mouth from angle to angle about equal to diamntia' of ryo.
L(»wt'r Jaw the longer, its teeth atightly directed backward; upper Jaw
Avith its teeth directed alightly forward, shutting outside of the Iowim'
teeth. Teeth pale browniah, aonicwhat une(iual; lower teeth wed;;^.
ahaprd, brondeat and nearly trnnrato at tip; teeth of upper jaw obliqut-ly
truncate, slightly emarginate, the outer angle pointed and jtrojeotin;; ;
about 8 teeth in outer row ; the mouth so closely abut that the iiin<>r row-
can not be seen; eye small, high, and well back, ita diameter containtil
nearly twice ii< interorbital width. 3 in snout ; a groove in front of eye below
noatrila, about as long aa diameter of eye ; 5 narrow grooves on cheek below
eye, extending from near movtth backward toward baae of pectoral.
Height of gill opening slightly greater than diameter of eye, its lower
edge oiiposite middle of pectoral. Hcales of body comparatively snjull,
not very rough; scales of belly somewhat reduced in size, arranged in
oblique series running downward and backward from pectoral region,
these forming a contrast in direction with scales of aidea; scales on caudal
peduncle without keel or spines, similar to those on rest of body; b( alfs
on posterior portion of sides slightly cariuate, forming low ridges alon<r
rows of scales. Gill opening surrounded by small scales and without
larger plates. Firat dorsal spine very robuat, placed somewhat behind
eye, its height a little more than twice diameter of eye, the deep dorHiil
groove aa long as spine; second spine ahmt and slender, its length about
equal to diameter of eye; third <lor8al spine wholly wanting; soft doisal
rather high, its longest rays more than i length of base of iin, Ijf in
head; anal similar, its base a little shorter, a few series of small scales
covering base of each iin; caudal moderate, lunate, its depth from tip to
tip more than its length, and 1^ times in length of head. Caudal pednnclo
subterete, deeper than broad; ventral spine alightly movable; pectoral
short, rounded, less than \ length (tf head. Coloration in spjrita, dark
olive above, rather pale below, the skin between scales somewhat darker;
scaly basal part of dorsal and anal abruptly black ; membrane of these
fms yellowish, the tips dusky; scaly base of caudal dark brown, tlie
medial part lighter brownish ; a lunate band at tip yellowish; pectorals
olivaceous. Rocky Islands off the west coast of Mexico, not common;
close to Xanthichthya ringens. Length 1 foot, (mento, having a long chin.)

Baliiteg mento, Joruas &- (iUJiebt, Phhi. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1881, 228, Clarion Island,
Revillagigedo Group. (Type, Ku. 28387. CoU. Lieut. U. £. Nichols.)

#•■■; -M

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Jordan and Evermann . — lushes of Norih A me pica . 1711

671. MBLICHTHYS, HwuiiiHoii.

Meliehthyn, SWAINHON, CIubr. Aiiini., II, 3'jn, IHIIO {riniienn, IlLfMii; not of LinN/KUH).
itilanirhthi/t, GUntiiir, Oat., vill,2'J7, 187(1; ttornoitutl H|H<lliiii{.

ThJH guniiH ditVers frimi lUtlMfH chit^lly in tin* pruBonoo of a Horios of evim,
white, iiiciaor-liko tooth, iuntuiul of thu irregular iuciHorH of Italititea. Tko
I nil is iinurnied or th«* hahIoh slightly Icoelod ; a groove is prt-aont before tho
ryo Itolow the noHtrils, and the cheeks are wholly scaled. Tho vertical
tins are angulatod, hut n<»t produced in lllanientH; ventral llajt small,
inuuovable, and covered with rough scales. Tropii-al seas. {fieXui, black ;
/'X^vi, (Ish.)

a. I)<»rHul H|iiiifH;t, soft rnyH ;J4! anitl ra.VH 32. picki'm, '.'120.

aa. Uumul spiueH 2, Hut't rayH :)2 ; uiiitl riiyH 2t>. iimpiNum'H, 2127.

8120. MKLICIITIIYN I>I('KI:m (Pm^y).

(Oalakatb; Black ULUwirB; Calakaik.)

Head 4 in length to end of middle of rays of caudal. D. Ill, .34 ; A. 32;
Hcalos about 53; eye 4 in snout, as long as preocnlar furrow ; dorsal spines
;<; raudal truncate with its points produced for a distance i length of lin.
Blue 1)lack, a sky-blue band along bases of dorsal and anal; a white band
.'ilung posterior edge of caudal parallel with the border. (Poey.) West
Indies and southward; not very common; very likely i(l<!ntical with the
East Indian species, which has been wrongly identified by authors as
lialistea bunii'ttf ringens, or niger. If the species are identical the i..-niA
piccua should apparently be retained, as none of these earlier names was
iutended for this fish, (pioeua, pitch-black.)

ItnUstes nigra, O^heck, Iter GliinoiisiH, 205, 17'i7, Ascension Island; pre-Llnuii>uu ; c»Uo(1
BalinteR ringens utter Linn.«us iii litter or poat-Liuuwuu cditiouH.

Qalafate, Pahra, Dlf. PiexiiH, utc, 18, 1787, Havana.

/ Melichthyg ringenii, Ulekkek, Atlas. Ind. Icbth., v, 108, pi. 220, fig. 1, 1802, East Indies;
not BalUtea ringenii Linn.«:it8.

Italintfi pieeut, Poey, Proc. A<^ Nat. Sci.Phila. 1803, 180, Cuba.

? /in;i.«(e«bunioa, GUnthbu, Cat., vni, 228, 1870; not of LACi:;pftnE.

/ HaU»teg niger, OUntubb, Fishes Zanzibar, 135, pi. 19, Ug. 1,1800, not of iMuuko I'ark nur
of HoUard.

2127. MELICHTHTS BISPIXOSUS, Gilbert.

Head 3!^ ; depth 2. D. II, 32 ; A. 29 ; P. 15 ; scales 52. Lower jaw but little
protruding in open mouth; 8 teeth in »!ach jaw, the 2 anterior of whieh
arc* broad truncate incisors without notch; 3 lateral teeth in lower jaw
lonspicuously notched, tb« anterior angle projecting; in the upper jaw
the posterior tooth is truncate, entire, and the other 2 lateral teeth but
Hlightly notched; teeth in lower jaw each with a strong horizontal back-
ward process ; eye 5 in snout; length of anteorbital groove | eye; Avidth
of gill slit i snout; distance from end of dorsal groove to soft dorsal 2^ in
Huont; first dorsal spine very heavy, its tip curved backward, its length
), head, the front and sides of spine rugose, but not spinous, the ru-
gosities coarser in front and above; second dorsal spine very slender.

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1712 liulUdn 47, United States National Museum.

'i height of (IrHt; no traco of h third apiiie, th*< iiiuinbrnno oxteiulii)^'
alinoHt to itoHtorlor end of groove, tlio length of ita base iiboiit } HUout ;
Huoond dorHul iind anal not falcuto, the upper outline Htruight, the tins
becoming uniformly lower poHteriorly; caudal fin alightly convex behind,
the tips pr«)ducod for a diatunco about equal to diameter of orbit; platen
very rough, with Itrokeu ridgea radiating from Ihimo, eaaentially Himilnr
in ahapo on aidoa of body and hiuid, ahowing no tendency to conleHc <
on chcoivs; 8 raiucd linca formed of rough median creats on the plat«'.s
on poaterior part of aidoa, the croatH not bearing diatinct apinen; Hovcral
enlarged platea imyiediatoly behind the opercle, oaoh with centrall,\
radiating lin(>H; pelvic apine very rough, aa well aa the membrane innno-
diately behind it. Color, very deep cobalt blue in life, becoming nni
formly black in apirita; a narrow light blue line along baaes of dorsal and
anal, becoming white in siurita; caudal with an intramarginal black band,
edged poateriorly with a very naii-ow white line. Very abundant iit
Clarion and Socorro islanda. {hispinoBut, having 2 apinea.)

Meliehthj/s bi»pino»uii, (iiuiERT, True. U. S. Nut. Mur. 1800, 125, Clarion and Socorro
islanda, of the Kevillagigedo Archipelago. (Coll. AlbatroHn.)

Family CLXX. MONACANTHIDyE.

*,

^li

(The Film Fihhes.)

Body much comprcased, covered with very small rough scalea, forming
a velvety covering ; malea aometinies with apincs on the caudal peduncle.
Upper jaw with a double aeries of inciaor-llko toeth, 6 in the outer, and
4 in the inner seriea; lower jaw with 6 similar teeth in a single aeries;
first dorsal with a ainglt; strong apino and generally a rudimentary om-
behind it; seeoud dorsal long, similar to anal; ventral lina reduced to a
simple osaoouH, lixed or m«)vuble, amall appendage at tlie end of the luu};
pelvic bone; this api>endage often Tudim(>ntary or entirely absent; no
barbel; vertebne 7+11 to 14=18 to 21. Genera 6 or more; apociea aliout
50. Herbivoroua shore flahi^a of warm seas, closely allic<l to the lialistUhi',
differing ehieHy in having the first dorsal represented by a single spines,
behind which is sometimes a rndiment; scales small, spinigerous, the skin
mostly rough velvety. The sjiecies are mostly small in size and are not
uaed as food, having little fieah and thai; of a bitteriah taste. (Genus Mon-
acanthm GUnther, Cat., viii, 229-254, 1:^ "0).

a. Pubic bone with a small spine at its end; gill opening Abort, nearly vertical; dorHul
and anal moderate, each of less than 40 rays.
h. Pelvic spine movable.

c. Dorsal spine not barbed, its edge merely rough. Cantiiertnes, 67..'.

ce. Dorsal spine armed with strong retrorse barbs, usually in 2 series.

MONACANTHUS, 673.

bb. Pelvic spine fixed; dorsal spine with about 4 series of small barbs.

PSKUDOMONACANTHUS, 674.

aa. Pubic bone without spine at its end, gill opening long, oblique; dorsal and anal
long, each of 40 or more rays ; dorsal spine without barbs, inserted almve th<>
orbit. Aluteba, 675.

m

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1713

and Socorro

07a. CANTHERINES, HwiiiiiHon.

Canlherinft, Swainson, (InHn'ii FUIioh, It, 127, 1H30 {natiitim — inudmirhfuint) .

I Aeanthoilerma. Aoahhi/., I'oIhh. Ki>Hnilt>M, Vol. 2, 2ril, IH4;i (orrt/c, I'dhnII ; nuiiitt |imocciiplt><l).

I.wmnnacnnthvn, Hi.kkkrii, N«m1. TyiUkr. Dlork., HI, 11, IWJfl (pardaltB).

Cii nthorhinui, (iiu.; vorreihul hiwIHiik-

ThiH ^t'nuH (litVtMH from Moiiacanlhim chietly in th)« iibntMico of liiirbH on
I III' iloi'Hal Hpiiie, whicli \h htu^, Htroii^, uiul pliici'tl over tli«> front of tho
lyi'. SoiiloH miiiut<>. SiM'cics I'rw. {H(ivOui,»nH,nruntTolikv\ydHayOa,
spiiH^; fjiy, Hnont.)

fi. UorHiil I, Sfi; A. Ml. rui.i.rs, 2128.

(la. Dorsiil I,U8i A. 34. rARoLvK, 21211.

2I2H. CAKTIIKniNKN IM:I.I.I:n (Uiui/.aiii).

(LiJA Color ADA.)

Depth about 2. I). II, 35; A. 31. Hody luodorately olevated; Riiont
modunvtely ])rod(i('od, tho upper protlln Hlightly concnve; poHterior lunr-
•;in of oye directly above axil. Adults (12 inchoa long) with 2 to 6 pairs
of strong recurved spines on each Hide of tail; caudnl short; dorsal spine
nearly straight, rather shorter than head, without barbs, serrulate in
front, situated ab(»ve front of eye; skin with a velvety appoaraiice; the
Hcnles minute, ('oloration variable, generally with a Avhitish <4pot behind
the last dorsal ray, and several more or less distinct pal-j longitudinal
liands along tail; head with undulated bhuHh streaks; body Hometimea
with scattered round light spots, each with a dark speck in the center;
young sometimea uniform silvery; color probably varying with surround-
ings. RoacheH a weight of (i pounds. (Qilnther.) AV est Indies and coast
of Brazil, occasionally north to southern Florida; specimen** from Bahia
examined by us, brown in color, without markings. Identitied by (Sliu-
tlior with tho widely distributed East Indian species, Canther'.nes pardalia,
perhaps correctly, but the color seems different, {pullus, dusky gray.)

Lija eolorada, Parra, l)if. Ple/.as, etc., pi. 23, 1787, Cuba.

Monaeanthnii 2>ullv>i, Uan/ani, Nov. Comm. Act. Sci. Inst. Uonon., v, 4, pi. 1, 1842, Brazil ;

Jordan & Gilhkrt. Synopsis, 858, 1883.
Monaeanthttg maeroeerua, Hollard, {. c, II, 327, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1854 ; adult, Bahia ; bo4ly

covered with rounded spots, size of eye.
Mnnaeanthut ruppelii, Castelnau, Anim. Am. Nonv. Am6r. Sud, Toiss., 97, pi. 47, fig. 2,

1855, Bahia; D. II, 35; A. 30; body with orange spots.
Monacanttiut irroratttii, Poey, Meniorias, ii, 330, 1861, Cuba; cheeks with oblique orange

streaks ; body with longitadinni brown streaks and pale spots.
Mnnaeanthus stratus, Poj,T, Momorias, li, 329, 1861, Cuba ; 6 spines on each side of tail.
Monacanthus parraianns, Poey, ?roc. Aj. Nat. Sci. Phihi. 1863, 185. Cuba ; after Lija

Colorada of Parra ; 4 spines on eaih side of tail.
Monacanthus punctatus, Poey, Synopsis, 437, 1868, Cuba ; no stripes on sides of cheek ;

spots on body yellow. /

}fonacanthus pardalis, GOnther, Cat., viii, 230, 1870 ; in part, probably not of ROppkll.

'* >

'' t ;

2129. CANTHKBINES CAROLS, Jordan <fc McGregor, new species.

Head 3^; depth 2. D. I, 38; A. 34; eye 5^. Body elliptical, com-
presHed ; anterior profile somewhat concave, oblique ; mouth small ; teeth
largo, white, and irregular; gill opening somewhat in front of pectoral,

"■1

I'

■» r

m

,1

Si ■

i I'ili

If:

1714 Jhilhtni 47, I ^nittd States National Museum.

itH loiiKtli i(j^ i'l lioud ; ilornal N|ilno vrry Htuiit iiiitl Htrnlfiht, ovorywIuMi
roii^li, iHit without «liHtiii(;t Ititrim, \\ In liiiiil; tluiHol ruyn 2 in hoiul; aimi
rny 2 in Im^iuI; rniidul Hliort iiiul roiiii(l<«l, Iq in lu>u<l ; iintoriil 2J^ in ht^id;
pulvlr liimo with viMitriil itpinn flriniy iittuchcd, tlio liittcT- with about Id
riidlntitiK Hpinuh'H; vi-ntrul tliip littlo iii-vulo)it>d; t-uudul pvdun'rh) witli I
Hti'oMK. hluutiHh HpiuoH, turu«Ml forward and Hrrayud in 2 pairH, 1 iihovi
and 1 htilow tho niiddi*- lino. Color dull grayiHli olivii; hnad tintdv
Hpocklrd with darker; tluM all paitt; lipn whitiHh. iHlandH otV tho wi-hi
coaHt of Mnxiro; I Hp*'cim«-n about 7 iiifheB lon^ from Clarion iNlaiid.
(Naniud for Mrn. Cbarlotto Mi-tiref^or, niothor of Uirhard C. M<'(ireKor.)

Cnntherini'i eamln; Jdkhan .V MrdKKonii MS., Clarion Uland. ('ry|)«, No. liwn, I,, s
Jr. I'uiv. Mm. Coll. It. ('. Mr<iri't{or.)

673. MONACANTHUS, Cnvler.

Stonaeanthim, Cuvirr, Itt'gno Aiiliiml, K<l. t, lfi2, 1817 (cliinfH$iii),

Triehmlenna, Swainhon, CIuhm'ii I'IhIm-n, rlc., n, :il!7, IHMO {uriipuH -^UttlitttheHiuf, Lac^lM^d««)

Stfi>hani'lei>it, On,i., I'roo. Ac. N«t. 8cl. IMillii. 1H61, 7H {Meti/er).

Body Hbort and doop, very strongly coinprosHtMl, covered with miuuto,
rough Bcales. Mouth very Huiall; upper Jaw with a double BorieH of
iucisor-like teeth, usually ti in the outer and 4 in the inner serieH; lower
Jaw with about 6 inciHors in a Hingle Heries; teeth connivent, une(|nal ;
gill opening a huuiH ulit, Hhorter than the eye, nearly vortical below tli<'
posterior part of the eye, and Jnst in front of upper edge of pectoral.
Dorsal spine Inigr, armed with 2 series of vetrorae barbs, and no con-
spicuona tilaiueuts; second dorsal and anal lins similar to each other, ol
about 25 to 35 rays each; caudal fin moderate, rounded; pelvic bone with
a blunt, movable spine, the bono oonnerted. by a movable flap of varying
Hi/e; side of tail often with a patdi of spines, especially in the uudt>H.
Vertebral 7 -f 1 1 to 14 = IS to 21. Species very numerous, in warm scan,
niostof them reaching a siuiill Hi/c. All are l*>an tishes witblcatliery Hkin
and bitter Hesb, unsuiiM fo- food, (juovoi, one; iXHurOa, spine.)

MUNACANTHUS :

a. Ventral flnj) In tlio niliilt Rrontly developed, extending mnoli beyond tbo vontral
spine; adult with 2 or 3 pnirH of rm'urvod spineH on caudal peduncle; youii;^
without thine charaotufH, aiinilAr to young of Utephanolepia.
b. D. I, 30; A. 30. Color very variable. oiliatus, 21:)(i.

Stbphanolepis ((TTdiftavot, crown; Acirt'f, scale);
aa. Ventral flap, even in adnlt, moderately developed, not reaching beyond pelvic spine .
no recurved v'nes on caudal peduncle.
c. Dorsal and i. i.r 1 each with 30 to 32 soft rays.

d. Depih n.orethan ) length of bwly. lUSPlDUS, 21.11.

dd. Depti less than ) length of body. 8i'n.c)NOTUs, 213'J.

cc. Urrsal and anal each with about 27 soft rays. oppositus, 2i;i:i.

2180. MUNOCANTHVN CILIATVS (Mitchill).

(Leather Fish; Lija.)

Head 3i; depth If; young 1|. D. I, 30; A. 30; scales very small, with-
out median crest. Spines becoming longer on caudal peduncle, whicli
has in addition 2 or 3 pairs of strong spines curved forward, these prom-

Jordan aud pArnnanti. — Fishes of North Anwrim, 1715

Ml*, Lao^p(tdp)

liK'tit nnly In ndiiltn; vcntriil lliip Iniificnr thnn IhmmI, nhoiit \ l«<nKtli of
Itoily. Hnili^H (III ventral Map ilintOnpod uh flat platiiH, with tht'ir frno niar-
uinH prrtinatH. Siiuut poiiitnl, tlio iippitr prolll)' ronrav««. DoPHal npin«>
Htmng, nuaily iih Ioii^; hh li«a<l, iirnuMl lit'liiinl w itii 2 rowH of retrorHn ItarliN ;
vcntnil Npin<< Hiiiall, ron^li. Color varying; vny niiii']i with tlio Nuri'oninl-
iiiK^ of th<> tlHh, from tiiill olivi> ^ruy to tho most vivid ^raHH ^rcm; thn
iiiurklnuH not w*-ll d«<lln«'d and not very t-onNtant; t^ivfn, with wliit«< cirri
iin Hides; a wliitish lon^itndiiial floiid Ixdilnd pcctonilH; a pah* htiiid down-
wind anil forward from «\v«; low<^r Hiili- of tioad with darker croNH ItaiidH;
dorHal and anal jtinkiHli, wltli (iiNnally 3) darker Hpots at liaae; vuntrul
Map «Ml({ed with srarlet; oi'M.dal Krot^ilHli, niottl<Ml with darker and pale;
Home H]iurinieMHHliow neither red nor ^r«»n HhiideH, and have vaKin>, diiHky,
lonj^itudinal rttripuN. WeHt IndieH and Florida; vury almndant aliont thi>
rhirida KeyH, with M, hiapiduK. The yonn^ of th« 2 very miu'h alike, but
eUialuH in alwayn nioro ulonjjate, and as it (^rowH older the pelvie llap growH
mueh larger and the annatnriMif the tail more distinct. Leuxth 4 tu 8
inches. (Hliatua, t't'mgeil with laHhes.)

llalUtei eiliutui, MiTcnibL, Anier. Monthly Miik. aiitl Crit. Itev., Mnrcli, 1818, :i20, Bahama

Straits.
MonaeanthiiB piraaea, Knru, Novura I'MhcIiu, 390, 1807, Rio Janeiro.
MonandnUiunoecidfutaliii, (iONTHEU, Cat., vni, 237, 1870, Puerto Cabello; Jordan Si. (Wi,-

HKUT, SynopHiH, 8.'>0, 1HH3.
Mimacanthut danUhoni," Coi'K, TrnnM. Anier. I'hll. 8o<\ IMilla., xiv, 1870, 470, Florida Reef;

JoilOAN A- OlI.HEKT, SyilO|)HiH, H.'>7, 18H3.

Monaennlhut ot(ta(u«, Jordan, Trov. U. U. Nat. Muh, 1884, 146,

21»1. MONArAXTillM IIINIMIMK (LiiiniKiis).
(Fool Fibh; P'ilk Fish: Lkatiiku Fihh; IIobny Conyj Lija.)

Head 31; depth 1}. D. I, 32; A. 32. YoniiK' slightly deeper (1^) pro-
portionally than adnlt. Kody rather deep, .laws Hnbeqnal; eyes large,
abont 3 in snout, (iill opening about as long as ej'e, separated from the
eve by an interspace nearly o<|ual to its length. Anterior jtroflle slightly
concave. Dorsal spine somewhat shorter than snout, more than ^ head,
inserted above posterior part of eye, stout, rough, armed behind with 2
rows of retrorse barbs; first ray of soft dorsal often filamentous in the
adult (male?), its length varying from that of snout to that of de])th of body
(longest among specimens seen by us is 1 from the Canary Islands); pec-
torals small. Pelvic bone long, ending in a short, blunt, movable s])ine,
beyond which the abdominal Ihip does not extend. Scales minute, each
with a crest of about 3 prickles, those on caudal peduncle villous, those on
ventral Hap larger, elongate ; no naked areas; no recurved spines on tail,
(irass green or olive; back and sides with faint, irregular whitish spots;
head plain; spinous dorsal and caudal green; second dorsal and anal

* Depth 2i. D. I, 30; A. 28. Scalen with 3 scutcH on a coninion base; long, Hh>ndor,
re(!urv('d npineH on tail, in 2 or 3 cluHtora eiu-h ; Hiilea with nlend^r Hcutten-d HlaniuntH.
Dornal apinu with HtronK teuth, itH height ) depth of body; pelvic plaits oliinKato. Hpinous
nil aronnd. Brown, with 5 lonKitiidinal bandn with )ialu centtM'ft, the ii]>|it'r and lower
forming 3 dark l>lot4;heH at buMO of durHal and anal ; head unspotted ; caudal with u brown
cross baud. Florida Keef. (Cope.)

r

y

t;

Ki*f-..;ii'.'i.^i',^r^

i-:! '>b.-i»t>^i'n£*<i, ■'•.-■/: ^^.-/^

iillll

Hill'!'?

1710 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

m

1;./'

translucent; adult less variogatod ; dull olivaceous, mottled with dusky.
Length 10 inches. Ciipe Cod to (!ui)a, ahundant on our South Atlantic;
coast and the Florida Keys; also found southward, through the Wrst
Indies to Brazil, a largo specimen from Bahia having heen examined byuH.
It occurs also in the Canaries and Madeira. This species has hoen identi-
fied by Gilntherwith the East Indian Bpe<'ios, Monacanihtia actifer, Bennett
(1830), but thab species seems to have the dorsal spine weaker, rather Ichh
than ^ head, {hisptdm, bristly.)

Baliiteii hUpidui, LiNNiEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 405, 1766, Carolina; .Tordan, Pror. V. S. Nat .

MuB. 1884, 145.
Balistes hroecus, Mitchill, Trans, Lit. and Thil. Son., I, 1815, 467 New York.
Monaeanthut fllamentctiis, Valenciknnes, tics CaiiarioH, 05, 1830, Canaries; adnlt.
Monacanthu$ gallinula, Valenciennes, tloH Canarien, 05, 1830, Canaries; young.
SI(macanthu» variun, Ran/AN'I, Nov. Coinm. Bonon., v, G, 1842, Brazil.
Monacanthun ma$iiaehusettenns, Db Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fislies, 337, pi. 57, flg. 187, 1842,

Massachusetts Bay; Stoker, Fishes Mass., 174,1846.
Monacanth%ig seti/er, De Kay, N. Y. Fnnna: Fialios, 337, pi. 50, flg. 194,1842, New York

Harbor; probably not of Hennett; GI'ntiier, C.it.. viii, 240, 1870, in part.
Monaeanthus dgnifer, Stoker, Synopsis Fishes N. A. ,497, 1846, Massachusetts; substi

tute for Metifer, preoccupied.
Monacanth'KS auriga, Lows, I'roc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1850, 253, Madeira.
Stephanolepia leti/tr, Gnx, Oat. Fishes East Coast N. A., 78, 1861.
Monacanthttt broceus, Joudan &, Gilbert, Synopsis, 8.'>6, 1888.

2132. HONACA>'THl'S SPIL0N0TU8, Cope.

Depth 2J^. D. I, 32; A. 31; scales each supporting a pedicle, whoso
summit divides into 4 or 5 radiating spines. Body elongate, outline of
front straight; dorsal spine long, with simple teeth, 4| in length of body;
dorsal and anal fins medially elevated; no brush or spines on caudal
peduncle. Pelvic shield elongate, spinous all around, the movable portion
present. Light brown; si)me longitudinal lines just below the dorsal fin,
the median developing a dark spot below middle of soft dorsal. Gulf of
Mexico. (Cope.) Not seen by us. Perhaps the young of M. hispidns, but
moreelongate than any specimens seen by us. ((?7rAo5,8pot; v&to?, hack.)

Monaeanthu* spilonotus, CoPE, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila., xiv, 1870, 47o, Gulf of
Mexico (CoU. Capt. Baker) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 857, 1883.

2188. MONACANTHUS OPPOSITUS, Poey.

Depth about \ of total length. D. I, 27; A. 27; P. 12. Preanal flap not
extending beyond pelvic spine; profile of h«'ad not concave; dorsal spine
over posterior part of eye; spine snu>othish in front, with 2 rows of barbs
behind. Ventral spine not "etalee;" anal inserted a little before second
dorsal; dorsal and anal highest mesially. Scales on tail with brush-like
spines. Color yellowish brown, with dark points forming irregular, inter-
rupted longitudiuiil streaks on sides. Length about 6 inches. Cuba.
(Poey.) Not seen by us. Apparently similar to Afonacanthtis Impidits, but
the fins shorter, (oppositua, opposite, from the position of the dorsal and
anal.)
MonaeanthiiB oppodtut, Poet, Memorias, ii, 331, 1861, Havana.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1717

674. PSEUDOMONACANTHUS, Hleekfr.

I'teudomonacanthxin, Blkkkbr, Nodil. Tydakr, Diork., in, 1860, Jl {macrunii).

This geuu8 dilfers i'roiii Monaranthiia chielly in having tliu ventral 8|>ino
immovably utachod to tho pelvic hone. Th«« dorsal Hpine has iiHiially
:ibont 4 rowii of small barbs, the anterior edge ao well as the posti :ior
liuing armed. Species chieHy East Indian. (^£i;5/)s, false; Munacanthut.)

2184. PHEUDONONACANTIIUS AMPillOXYS (Cope).

Head 2f ; depth 2. D. I, 35; A. 30. Eye moderate, 3 in snont (in yonng
individual 2| inches long). Scales each with a single spine; no larger
spim^B or brush on caudal peduncle. Dorsal spine strong, inserted over
front of eye, 1^ in b"ad, its anterior face with 2 rows of small spinulos
directed downward, and a single median series directed upward ; near the
base of each spine of lateral series is a short branch spine directed upward ;
a very weak series of spines down each side of the posterior face. Gill
opening slightly oblique, below posterior part of eye. Pelvic i)late short,
Nvithont movable portiou, with 2 si)ines din^cted forward, 2 backward, and
3 on each side upward; ventral Hap inconspicuous. Color uniform dull
olive, the jelly more silvery; caudal peduncle mottled with darker; fins
])laiu. Known from 2 young spc^cimens collected at St. Martins Island,
West Indies, by Dr. Van Kijgersma. The above account taken from one
of the types kindly sent us bvDr. Edward J. Nolan. The species is a true
I'xeudomonacanthuD. {d/tiiln, all around; d?i''5, sharp.)

Mmacanthua amphioxyStCoPK, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1871, 477, St. Martins.

675. ALUTERA, Cnvier.

(File Fisiiks.)

Let Alutdret, CnviER, R(>gno Anim., Ed. i, 153, 1817 {iitonoceros).

Aluteia, AoAssiz, Spix, Pise. Brnsil., i;t7, 1829 (monoci-rox).

( U'ralacanthus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Phila. 1861,57 {aurantiacus).

Muti-rei, Alutariut, etc., corrected spoiling.

ihbcckia, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fialies, 424, 1898 {scripta).

Bcdy oblong or rather elongate, strongly compressed, covered with
iiiliiute, rough scales. Mouth and teeth essentially as in Monacanthus, but
the lower jaw more projecting, so that the lower teeth are directed
obliquely upward and backward. Gill opening an oblique slit, longer
than eye, situated below and in advance of eye, its poste.ior end behind
base of pectorals. Pelvic bono long, falcate, movable under the skin,
without spine at its extremity. Dorsal spine small, inserted over the eye,
rough, but without barbs ; soft dorsal and anal long, each of 36 to 50 rays ;
caudal fin convex; pectorals small. Species numerous, (a privative,
Xvrrjp, a deliverer; or (according to Dumeril) a'Aotros, unwashed,
.sordid.)

(!i:UATACANTHUH (xepaf , horu ; aKai<(ra, spine) :

a. DtTsal rays I, 36.

b. Anal rays 38; coloration nearly uniform. scHdoi'Fii, 2135.

m. ■

■■,>*' .'S'

li' l!:ii

1718 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

lib. Anal rays 38; body covered witli aiiiall, round dark-brown npots.

I'UNOTATA, 213»!.

an. Dorsal rays about I, 46 ; niial rays about 50.
()hiik(;kiA:*
c. Caudal tin ulon^atc, with rounded nuKles. Coloration not uniform, tho head and botly
with irrei;ular bluo spots and lineti, besides small round black spots; upper pro-
file of snout concave. SCRIPTA, 21:^7.
Aluteha:
cc. Caudal fin sliort, subtriincato, vlthacu(« anglos. Coloration uniform; upper pro
file of snout convex. mu.nocerus, 2138.

Subgenus CERATACANTHUS, Gill.
21.15. ALUTKKA sriKKI'KIl (\Valbaum).

(FiLK FiSH; UlIANOE FiLB FiSH; LiJA; FoOL FlSH.)

Head SJ in length; depth 2 in adult to 2\ in young. D. I, 36; A. 3S.
Body growing deeper with age, the outlines u)ore convex in the adult
Eye small, about 4 in snout. Gill slit nearly twice as long as oyo, its
upper posterior edge nearly under middle of eye. Anterior profile very
slightly convex, growing steeper with age; a slight depression at l)a.sti
of upper jaw. Pectoral fins scarcely \ longer than eye; dorsal spins'
slender and weak, longer in the young, 2 to 3 times length of eye; dorsal
and anal fins low; caudal very long in young, becoming shorter in adult,
its angles rounded. Scales minute, shagreen-like, unifor > iver body.
Coloration nearly uniform dirty olive gray, varying to or;i • igc „ cxiuw, often,
especially when young, mottled above with darker bluish or dull orange;
caudal sometimes dusky, edged with white, usually dull yellowish in the
adult. Length 24 inches. Cape Cod to Florida and Texas; rather fre-
»iuent on sandy shores, especially in the Carol inas. A large, lank fish, of
unattractive form and useless as food. (Named for Dr. .Tohann David
Schopf, an excellent botanist and an acute observer, sent as a surgeon with
the Hessian troops on Long Island in the war of the American Revolution.)

Jialittcs schae.pfii, Walbau.M, Artodi I'iHciuni, 401, 17!)'J, Long Island; after SciKKi-K, 15oi-

lin Ges. Naturf., vni, 186, 1788.
Jialigteit aurantiacus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 181.5, 468, New York ;

adult.
Alutera cuspieautla, De kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 338, 1842, New York ; yonng.
Ahiterus holbrooki, IIollakd, Ann. Sci. Nat., iv, 7, 1855, North America.
Alutentg cultrifrons, Hollard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 4, iv, 8, pi. l.fig. 2, 1855, "New '; ik

and Bahia."
Geratacanthus aurantiacus, Git.L, Cat. Fishes East Coast N. A., 57, 1801.

W i

2180. AL1;TERA PU>'< TATA, Agassiz.
(Long Minoo.)

Head to upper end of gill opening 3^ in length; de])th 2^. D. 1, 36; A.
35; orbit 4^ in head to upper end of gill opening; length of gill opening
3; caudal 2i in body; base of dorsal 3. Profile concave ; lower jaw much

* Named for I'er Osbet-k, a student ol.' Linna-us and an excellent ichthyologist, who col-
lect4}d in China, his Iter Chinensia first i>ublislied in 1757.

'jSssb

'■m

Jordan and Evcrmanyt. — Fishes of North America. 1719

))ro,jectin)j;, toci>h in ii aingle Hnries in n.'ich Javr; oyo 1^, its diameter below
dorsal outline of body; dornal spine (broken) sitiiattMl over middle of «>ye
ii little nearer soft dorsal than tip of snout; base of soft dorsal sligbtly
shorter than that of anal; pectoral sliort, etpial to gill opening, its base
under posterior ^ of gill opening and anterior margin of rye ; cundal pedun-
cle 2A times longer than «>ye; caudiil long and ronndotl behind. Color in
apiritu, slaty brown, darker abovcs covorod with small round dark-brown
spots, about \ as big as pupil; snout dark ; dorsal and anal dusky; caudal
black. West Indies to Itrazil, replacing A. achapjii southward. Hero
described from a specimen from Jamaica about !) inthos in length.

Alutera jmnctata, AOASSIZ, Plsc. nrasil., 137, pi. 7fi, vory bad, 182'.», Brazil; Castki-nau,
Anini. Noiiv. Kares., 90, isnr); Jordan &. IU^ttkr, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sol. Thila. 1800, 1'27.
:' Monacanthuii punctaUis,GV!tirnEU, Cat., vin, 254, 1870.

r lUKI'K, r>oi-

New York ;

Subgenus OSBECKIA, Jordan <.V. Kverinann.
2137. ALIITKKA 8t'UII>TA (Oabcck).

(Unicorn Fi.sii; I.ua Tkompa.)

Depth 3 to 3J. D.I, 44 to 48; A. 47 to ."2; vertebnc 7+14. Body oblong,
its depth being nearly equal to distance of hind margin of orbit from
extremity of snout. Snout pi'oduced, with the upper profile concave,
".•orsal spine long and slender, above middle of orbit, about IJ in head.
.Middle of gill opening in advance of middle of eye; pectoral fln below
]iosterior part: of eye; cau.ial fin «>longate, nearly as bmg as or longer than
liead, rounded; dorsal and anal fins low; ventral spine none Head and
body olivaceous, with irregular light-blue spots and curved streaks ; besides
these, numerous round b'.ick spots about as large .as ])upil ; dorsal and anal
yellowish; caudal reddish ; ukin finely velvety. Length 2 to 3 feet. Trop-
ical seas, comnion in the West Indies, occasionally northward to South
Carolina; also occasionally taken about the islands otf the Wijst coast of
Nb'xico; specimens before us from Clarion Island of the Rcvillagigedo
Archipelago, and from the Vonados at Ma/atlan. Apparently the Ameri-
can species is not distinct from the Kast Indian form. Should differences
ajtpear on comparison of specimens ours should stand as Alntcra hvria
(Hloch). (acripius, written, from the form of markings.)

I ' nicormi pUccsbahamentis {the Unicorn Fish), Catksby, Hist. Nat. Carolina, etc., n,i>l.

19, 1737, Bahamas.
littlittes gcriptui, Osbeck, Iter Chin., i, 144, 17.')7, China.
Kalitfes tnonoceros, var. «crif>t«», (Imelin, Syst. Nat., 1463, 1788; after Osukck.
LIja trom2>a, Takha, Dif. IMozas Hist. Nat., 40, pi. 22, fig. 1.
nalitteg Icevis, Kloch, Ichthyol., ix, 82, pi. 414, 1795, Morocco ; Tranquebar.
Hiiliatet ornatut, Mawion DE rKOCj::, Hull. Soc. IMiiloin., 131, 1822.
Mute res pareva, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 106, 1828.

][onacanthu8 proboscideu*, Sanzani, Nov. Comm. Ac. So. Inst. Bonon., 1842, 8, Brazil.
Ahiterun veno$us, Hollabd, Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, IV, 1855, 14, pi. 1, fig. 3, New Ireland,

Bismarck Archipelago. (Coll. Lesson & Garnot.)
. I lutera 2iieturata, roET,' I'roc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. I'hila. 1863, 183, Cuba.
Moiiacanthus seriidxu, GOntheh, Cat., VHi, 252, 1870.

,i'rf*

mm '

\'y,ii::fj

u;!. .:■,

Ill' : ■

lit

m

\i'

1720 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

Subgenus ALUTERA.

8188. ALUTKRA NUNUOKROK (Ottbuuk).
(Lma Kabbuda.)

Depth 2^ to 2f. D. 1,48; A. 50; vertebrtu 7 + 13. lJo<ly oblong; suout
produced, with upper profile convex. Doi?nl Binue slender, short, U'jt
J longer than eye, above middle of orbit. Lower part of gill openin<;
in advance of eye; pectoral fin bidow postori ;r purt of orbit. Caudal tin
subtruncate or double concave, with acute angles; much shorter than
head, and shorter than its own }>eduncle; dorsal and iinal fins low; ven-
tral spine none. .Skin finely velvety. Color uniform brownish olive, or
grayisb, finely mottled with darker, the region below dorsal with faint
dusky Bp(»ts amid paler reticulations. West Indies;" also recorded from
the East Indies and .Tapan, whore it is said to be rare and to be used as
food, (inouoceroa, the unicorn; /10K05, one; xspa^, horn.)

Vapritcus murium dentibtu miuulis, Klein, Ichtli. Mibsuh, ni, 25, 1742, pi. 3, fig. 0, very bad,

no lo<;ality.
BaliHct jftonoceros, OsnacK, Iter Chiiiensis, 110, 1757, Asia; Linn/KUS, Syst. Nat., i, Ed. x,

327,1768; after OSBECK.
Balutei oblongiusculus, etc., Gronow, Zoophyl., Ko. 193, 1765, Indian seas.
Tjijii barbuda, 1'arra, Vif. Piozas Hist. Nat., 48, pi. 22, ti;;. 2, Havana.
SalltU'n kleinii, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1788, Indian seas; alter Gkonow and Klein.
BalistPi, barbatus, Walbaum, Artedi riscium, in, 404, 1792; after Klbin. '
BalUtet monoeeroa, var. unieolor, IJloch & Schneider, Syst. IcUth., 463, 1801 ; after (]melin.
Balistei Herratieomis, FBl^iiuiNViLLE, Not-.v. Bull. So. Soc. Philoni., No.67, 249, pi. 4, Ug.l, 1813.
Aluteret berardi. Lesson, Voyage Coquille, Zool., 108, i)l. 7, 1828, New Guinea.
Alutera cinerea, Tehminck & Schleoel, Fauna Japon., Poiss., 292, pi. 131, fig. 1, 1847,

Japan.
Alutariut amphacanthut, ISlbeker, {. c, 23, pi. 2, tig. 5, East Indies.
Alutarius obliterattu, Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 353, 1850, Pinang.
BalUtes linguattila, Gronow, Cat., Ed. Gray, 35, 1854, Indian seas ; after Baliatet oblongi-

uaeulus, etc., of Gronow.
Aluterua angiitoaua, Hollard, Ann. Sci. Nat., iv, 1855, 11, East Indies.
Baliatea unicorvua, Hasilewsky, Nouv. Mtim. Soc. Nat. Moscow, x, 203, 1855, China.
Alutarius wner acanthus, Bleeker, Verli. Bat. Gen., Balist., XXIV, 22, pi. 3, tig. 6, 1862, East

Indies.
Alutera guntheriana, Poey, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1863, 184, Havana.
Monacanthus monoeeroa, GCntiier, Cat., viii, 251, 1870.

Suborder OSTRACODERMI.t
(The Teunk Fishes.)

This group includes those Plectognaths which are without spinous dorsal
and which have the; body inclosed in a 3-augled, 4-angled, or 5-angled box
or carapace, formed by polygonal, bony scutes, firmly joined at their

* The American species seems to be identical with the East Indian Alutera inonoceroa.
Should ditferences appear on conii)arison of specimens, the former should apparently
stand as Alutera guntheriana, Poey.

t For an excellent review of the species of tluH croup, see (r0o«le, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua.
1879, 261. See also Uullard, "Monographie do la Amillo des Oatracionidea," Anualcs Sci.
Nat. 1857.

r%

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1721

oilges, aiul with (listiiict toeth in tho Jiiws. Thero is bnt 1 t'aiiiily, the
(hd'aciidw, a Hingiihir ort'Hh«)ot froiii the ScIfTodermi. (o'tfrwrtKoK, u hard
sbt>ll, like tbat of an ovHtor; dtffjucx, skin.)

mg; snout
abort, not
ill opening;
Caudal fin
lorter than
I low; ven-
sh olivo, or
with taint
!orded from
» be used as

Ig. 9, very bad,
, Nat., I, Ed. X,

LEIN.

; after(JMELIN.

pl.4,llg.l,1813.
31, flg. 1, 1847,

talinteg oblongi-

^hina.
Ig. 6, 1862, East

inous dorsal

l-a»gled box

3d at their

ra monoeerot.
id appareutly

I. S.Nat.Mns.
Anualca Sci.

Family CLXXI. OSTRACIIDAE.

(TlIK TUITNK FiSIIKS.)

liody short, cuboid, tri<|iietroii8 or pentagonal, covered by a carapace
Ibrined of firmly united polygonal bony ])at«'lH>H, the Jaws, buses of tbe
tins, and cautlal peduncle free iitid covered by smooth skin. Month small;
c.ich jaw with a single series of long, narrow teeth. Maxillariesand pre-
iiiaxillaries firmly united. Gill opening a nearly vertical slit, below and
behind the eye. Dorsal fin single, short, without spine; anal short, sim-
ilar to dorsal; caudal rounded; no ventral fins; vertebra- II, the anterior
!) elongate, the last 5 extremely short; no ribs. Genera 3; species about
jO, all of tlie tropical seas, living near the bottom in shallow waters,
rhe species of this group are so singular in appearance and so easily
|ireserved that they have been conunon in collections ever since tho col-
lu(;ting of tropical curiosities began. The 4 American species were well
known to Artedi and Linnaeus. "The locomotion of the trunk fishes is
very peculiar. The propelling force is exerted by tlie dorsal and anal
tins, which have a half rotary, sculling motion, resembling that of a screw
propeller; the caudal fin acts as a rndder, save when it is needed for
unusually rapid swimming, when it is used as in other fishes; the chief
liinction of the broad pectorals seems to be that of forming a current of
water through the gills, thus aiding respiration, which would otherwise
be difficult on account of the narrowness and iullexibility of the branchial
aperti'res. When taken from the water, one of these fishes will live lor
2 or 3 hours, all the time solemnly fanning its gills, and when restored to
its native element seems none the worse for its experience, except that, on
aocimnt of tho air absorbed, it can not at once sink to tho bottom" (Goode.)
{Sclcrodermi, group Ostraciontina, Giinther, Cat., viii, 25.5-268, 1870.)

((. Carapace forming a conliimous bridge behind the aiiul fin ; ventral surface not cari-
nate ; caudal rays 10.
i>. Carapace tritpietrous, or 3-angleil, a median dorsal ridgo p.nd a ridge on each
side uf belly prominent; ridge on each side of back obs(dcte or wanting.

LACToruEYS, 676.

676. LACTOPHRYS, Swainson.

(TliKEK-AXOLED TRUNK-KISIIES.)

Oitraeion, part, Linn^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 330, 1758 (many -species; first restricted by

Swainson to 4-angled forms, cubicus taken as typo).
Lactophryt), Swainson. Nat. Hist. ClasS'u Fishes, n, 194, 324, 1839 (trigonus, etc. ; restricted

to species trigonal, with spines).
h'hinetomus, Swainson, Nat. Ilist. Class'n Fishes, n, 194, 324, 1839 (triqueter).
Ontradon, Kal'p, Archiv Naturg. 18r)5, 214 (triqueter; restrictetl vo trigonal fonns, the

4-anglod forms being named Oibolion).
Acanthostraeion, Bleeker, Atlas Iclithyol., v, 27, 1862 (quadrieomis).
Uvtophrya, Bi.eekkr, Atlas Ichthyol., v, 27, 1862; corrected spelling.
Vhapinus, Jokuan &, Evehmann, CheckList Fishes N. and M. A., 424, 1896 (bicaudalit).
3030 31

M '

I ;

I

i

r-'^ifi;i.^:^.".i^'o'?-.>,_ i,r

^t,A.;.'.^-..'*.K--'=;.Wvj

I -M

M,-

1722 DuUcdn ^7, United States National Museum.

Trnnk-tialioH with the carapace S-angled, the ventral Biirfnoe Hat or con
cave, iiover cariuat<< ; carapace closed behind the aual tin ; carapace wit)
ur without frontal and abdominal spines; dorsal rays 9 or 10; caudal ray^
always 10. This geuus contains r> species, 4 of them American, and dlt)'e^^
from the Old World genus Otitruvion only in the form of the carapace, 'i'ln
median dorsal ridge of the carapace is much more devtdoped than tlir
others, so that the body is 3-sidcd and 3-angled, instead of 4-sided ami
4-anglcd, as in (htracioii. Although this character is a striking one it i^
not one of higli structural importance. liollard and Uleeker have dis
carded it as being of no real systematic value. All writers agree that tin
species of the group are most closely related, and that the relations ol'
the si»ecics are closer than they appear. Wo think, with Dr. Uoode, that
the shape of the carapace atfonis " the most reliable guide in the arrange-
ment of the 8])ocieH of the genus," and wo think it not improper to accord
generic distinction to the 3-.angled species, as distinct fVom the more H])e-
cialixed t-angled forms. (Shortened from Lactoria, a milk-cow, o0/Ji;5,
eyebrow, from the projecting horns of Lavtophrya tricorv.ia.)

KlIINRHOMrS (pii-r), file; iruna, body):
a. Carapace without apinoH anywliero. tuiqiieteb, 213!t.

aa. Carapace with distinct npinos, at least on tlie ventral ridges behind.
b. Frontiil spines none.
CUiVriNi's {Ohapin, the Spanish name) :

c. Curapaco open behind the dorsal fin; bo<ly every wliere wit Ii ronnd dark

spots. DICAUOALIB, 21411.

Lactophbvs:

ce. Carapace closed behind ilio dorsal fln ; bocly mottled with paler.

TKIOONC8, 214 1
ACANTHOSTRACION (axavja, spine ; ovTpaieCov, a little box) :

bb. Frontal region with 2 strong spines like liorns. tricoknis, 2142.

Subgenus RHINESOMUS, Swninson.

iiiao. LAt^TOPHRVS TRU{IIETfilt (Liunaus).

(Thunk-kish; Rock SiiBLLrisit: Dkunken-fish ; Chapin; Pi.ate-fish.)

Head 4; depth 2! ; ej-e 8 to 9 in total length, 4 to 4* in height of .sido.
D. 10; A. 10; IM2; scales 9. Carapace trigonal, without spines; breadth
equal to | length of body in adults, greater in young. Ventral surface of
carapa<*e convex anteriorly, coui-ave postericvrly. Hack elevated, com-
pressed, sides joining at an angl(> of about 30 degrees. Carapac»i con-
tinuous behind dorsal fin. Interorbital space concave. Upper surface of
snout concave. Teeth long, spike-like, 8 to 10 in each jaw. Scales of tlii^
sides hexagonal, in young with striie radiating from center to angles of
each scale, in adult armed simply with tubercles, 9 to 10 in longitudinal
series from gill opening to tail, 8 in median line of ventral surface, 8
between ventral keel and angle of back; posterior dorsal scute unarmed.
Branchial aperture oblique, its length greater than diameter of e\(>,
descending before base of pectoral. Fins obtusely rounded; caudal of
moderate length and rounded. Dark brown, thickly studded with cir-
cular spots of yellowish white, each about ^ of an inch in diauio-

HIQUETER, 213!t.

TKICOUNIS, 2142.

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1723

ler; tho position of thear apotH appeurH to huvo no n'ltition to i\w ahiipo
(if tlu^ platt'a of tho carapiK-o; ventral Hnrfiit-o liglitfr and Hpotlcaa; opi-
(Icrmia olttMi abrixleii, leaving; tbo hIh«II nniforni tawny whit*-; lipa,
liaaos of th*< tiiia, ami tail atrin lirown \'\k^\ i\u\ ^rnuiiul color of tho body.
In dried MpecitneiiM the epid«>rniia dri*>H and Iohch ita *!olor, and th«^ abidl
.shows thron);ii with a lijirbtei- shade. Giinthrr atati-a that the lips, roots
of the tins, root of tlie tail, and tip of the randal ar)< black, ((joodc.)
I.cu^th 10,^ inches. Yonn^ in life, li^ht olivu, covered everywhere above
ind below with ronnd darker apots of greenish l)Ine abont aa lar^^e as
l>ii]iil; tins jdain; caudal pednucio with a few spots. West Indies, north
to the Bermudas, Key West, and P(>iisacola; very common in the Tropics;
I 8lii<rgish tish living on tho bottoms about reefs, feuding on minute aui-
iiials. {truiuelcr, three-angled.)

Oitnieiun poli/odon invrmi* tiiijueter, LlNNiKUs, Muhciiiii Adolphi-Frcdcriei, I, Oi, 1754,

India.
Ostrneion triqueter, Linn.kus, Syst. Nat., E<1. X, 330, 1758, India ; iiltor Muh. Ad. Fr. j (iON-

TIIEK, Cat., vni, 250, 1H70; (iooDE, Proc. U.S. KatMiiH. 1870, 271; .ToHDAN A: Uu.brrt,

SyiiopslH, 065, 1883.
Ditracion* eoiieatenatuii, ISloch, Ichthyol., iil. 131, 1785, Martinique; on a painting by

I'LUMIEK.

Subgenus CHAPINUS, Jurditn iV Evcriuann.

2140. LAOTOlMIItVS HUArOALIS (Linna-ua).
<Chapin; Spotted Tudnk-kish.)

1). 10; A. 10; P. 12. Ostracions with trigonal carapace and with llat
|)i'oniinent spine on each ventral ridge. Itrcadth of body less than ^ its
length without caudal. Space between eyes concave. From the median
dorsal line the sides of tho back descend rapily, curving ontward slightly.
Caudal fin rounded. Color yellowish, wi"- numerous small, round, brown
.sjtota on carapace, tail, and caudal flu. Length 1(> inches. West Indies,
ficnorally common, from Cuba to Ascension Island; not yet recorded from
Florida. (6icoMrfoii«, two-tailed; that is, with 2 siiiues below the tail —
"spinis subcaudalibus 2.")

nutracion trianyulatus tvberculi* hexagonU radiati*, etc., Artkui, Genera, 57, 1738, India.

Ostrneion bicaudalis, Linn.i-:u8, Syst. Nat., Kd. x, 330, 175K, India ; alter Aktedi ; rTi]NTHEK,

Cat., vui, 257, 1870; Poey, Keportorio, u, 442 ; Goode, I'roo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1870,274.

Subgenus LACTOPHRYS.

8141. LACTOIMIUYS TKItiONUS (Linn.cus).

(Common Trunk-fish ; Chapin; Shellfish.)

Head 4 ; height of sides 2. D. 10 ; A. 10. Body rather sharply 3-angled ;
110 spine before eye. Each ventral ridge with a large Hat spine; dorsal
ridge high and sharply compressed, descending rather rapidly forward, and
ending opposite posterior margin of orbit ; carapace open behind the dorsal

* As Blocli says distinctly that his account of Ottraeinn eomatenatut is based on a figure
liy I'luniior, the name slioiild uppareutly not be used for au Hast Indian species, but is
l)iubably a syuonym ot° triqueter.

l;'i'Mi,!f'

ri li'i:!'

1724

nulh'ihi /7, Unift'd States National Museum.

■I -', '„;

•A I,':

lln. Olive Ktay ; iv very faint Mue Hpot in tlio ciMitor of oiu-li of nuist of Mi.
hc.)iI«h; noHtril in w yellow Hpot; b(»iiu«lari«N of nppur HCiiteH liliickiNh, oi
iowui' bluiHli; oiitUneH of variolic Hc-nttm huliind {rill opttniug blucl\, foiiii
\\\^x\ «liiHky ui-o)v,oH]iccijilly diHtinct in tho vonnj'; a Hiniilar Bniallur <lnHK\
area on Hide on lovul of i\vi>; iriH yellow; fhiH all pale (tlivi;; vent yellow .
belly ligbt olive, outlines of the HtMiten bluiMh; bane of peeturiilH yelluwiHli.
I.un^rtli about a foot. WcHt Tntlied; very eoninion an tar north aH Hernindii
and Key West, oceaHionally northward in the (lulf Ktreani (lIolnicH Hole.
iMaHH., Storer; WoodH Mule; (Mieaapeake Hay, Lu^^jrer). All I of onr h|m'
eies oceur ill the liarbor of Parii, in Hra/il. TIiIh npecieH and otherH an
Haid to utter gruntin^r soiindH. {rptt^, three; y6vo<i, ai!^;lo.)

Ontraciun triaiigiilalxtii Iniibis jigiifarttnim hexinjimarum eiiiinvntiliUH, etc., AuTEDl, (Jen

era, Titl, 17:iH, Jamaica; Boeii by Artoili in tlio colliittion of Sir llnim Slimiie uiiil in

tlie Nu(;g'h Head Inn, Loiiilon.
0»tiaeiumtri<iimii$,\A^K.v.v», SyHt. Nut., E«l. x, 330, 1758. India ; iiCter Akikih; (UTntheii,

Cat., VIII. '.'.'■>«, IH70; OooUK, Troe. V. S. Nat. Mas. 1870, 27«.
OUracion i/ali-i, Stokeii, Ituat. Jouru. Nnt. Hist., i, 1837, 353, Holmes Hole, on Marthas

Vineyard.
iMftojiliri/M inticfjm, Kaim", Aroliiv Naliirg. 1855,218; H]ieciiii«nH with 10 dorHal ruyH, I, in

mens haviuj; fjiveii hy error "D. U " In the uri);inal <li-Heri|ition of <>. triyonii*.
(Mracion undulatii*, Poky, Synopsis, 441, 1888, Havana.
Oitraeiou ixpanmm, Cope, Trans. Am. Thil. Soc. 1870, 474, flgs. 0-10, St. Martins, West

Indies,
LacUiphryi trigonui, I'OBT, MemorioM, ii, 362,1861.
OHraciuin trlgonum, Jouuan & Gn.nEi(T, Synopsis, 853, 1683.

Subgenus ACANTHOSTRACION, liloukur.
S142. LACTOPHKYS TKIi'OUNIS (Linnaeus).

(CCl'KOM); ToKO; CoWKIHII.)

Hea«l 4J; dei)th 2^^. D. 10; A. 10. Carapace trigonal; adultu with a
broad low ridge on each side of the bac^k, the dorsal ridge more elevateil
than ill the young, which are somewhat tetragonal. Ventral siirfucc
nearly flat; angles of body cariuato ; a stout spine directed forward ovei
each eye; abdominal spines flat, directed backward; a median dorsal
8|)ine said to be sometimes present, never persistent, none in our speci-
mens; bridges behind dorsal and anal each ending in a flat spine; caudal
peduncle with or without a free phite * above or below; carapace closed
behind dorsal fln. Color brown, yellow, blue, or green, with irregular
blue blotches, the centers of the scutes often lighter than the margin.s.
Young, light gray, tinged with olive; belly white; head and carapace witli
round spots of rather light blue, these sometimes forming more or leas inter-
rupted longitudinal stripes; about 4 of these stripes on cheek; tail above
with blue, brown-edged spots; dorsal olive, its base blackish ; caudal olive,
edged and mottled with light blue; anal similar; pectorals olive. Lengtii
18 inches. Tropical parts of the Atlantic; very common from Carolina to
Brazil, ranging northward in the Gulf Stream to Charleston (Goode) and
Chesa{)eake Bay (Lugger); occasional about the shores of the Gulf of

* "Out of 14 RpecinienH cxuminud 5 had plates above and below, 1 had 2 above, and C
had none. " (Goodc. )

lias;?-' I

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 17-5

artins, West

Mt^xico, at PoiiHacohk uiuKialvi-Htun; nluo ranging <'ivMtwiinl to(iiiiiieuaiul
tlio (.'ii|io or(ioo<l llo))o. It IH rarely ItroiiKlit to tlui iiiiirUrtH, Itiit in said
lu Im* a good foo«l-liHh wh««ii baku*I in the hIioII. (/'ca, throo; rornnn, horn;
llin namu refurs to tlie 2 frontal liorna anil to tho Hupracaudal i>lat*',
lifinrod hy Tiiater an an oiect Hpino, thn lljjiiro apparently l»a8»'d on a Hpecl-
iiien with thr plate torn Ioohu at one end.)

/'i»('i« tnangulariti caiiiti coi-nu(ii» ciiie mtilia cauila riittinfa aeiilnit longu* erij/itun, Lihti'.u,

III WilltiKliliy, Hiat. IMhc, A|ti>eiiili\, 11), IflHfl, I ility not {{Ivfii.

Ontraeion trianijulatu* arulfis ilunhux in euiiitf ft vnico lonyioro mijierne ad eaudaiim,

AllTKDI, (SuntTii, 5<1, I7;ifl; aCttr Ijstku in \Villiii;liliy.
nttrai'ioii triinijiuliitiiii diinbiiii iinileiK in froitle et tutiih-tn in iiiiii ri'ntre MubetnidaU'xiiue

/h/ii'*, AuTKiii, (ienorn, TiO, 17:iH; apocinioiia Hwn in London iit tlir Iioiihii of Mr. Mlljii

und in tint NiiRt;')* Ilftid Inn.
Ottriieion tricomit, Ijnnakis, Syat. Nat., Ktl. x, 331, 1758: nl'tor .\uikki.
iifltnciiim quadrieorniH,* LuiNAKt'H, Sysl. Nut., Kil. x, WAX, 17'iK; iil'tir AuTKOi; (JCn-

THKii, Cat., vni, '.'57, 1870; (ioonK, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mii«. 1H7», 278.
Ostraeiimliileri, Lac'I.PKdk, Hist. Nat. PoIhh., 1,408,1708; al'ttT Wii.u'diniY.
Ostraeion aexeornutun, MrrcHiu., Amor. Monthly Mii);., u, 1818, :i28, Mouth of Mississippi

River.
nt^traeion maeulatut, iloixARi), Ann. Scl. Nut. 18.17, 149.
Ottrncivn guineeniiiH, Ki.erkek, N«mI. Tydskr. Dierk, II, 21*8, Guinea.
Otlracion gronovii, liLEBKBit, Nod. Tyd.><kr. Uierk, ii. 208.
.\canllio»ttaeiim pi>l)j!/oniti», Poky, Enunicratio, 175, 1870, Cuba.
(Mracitim qxiadrieume, Jokdan Sc Oilheht, Synopsis, 854, 1883.

Iiibovo, ami C

* Coiic»>riiin}; tlio noiiiinii] Mjiecit's of tliis tyju". Dr. (ioodo n'nuirka: " 1 liiivo iii'vcr him-ii
iiiortt tliiiii ono Hpocios of tliiH type, and tlie Hyiioiiyiiiy at tlm hi'ad of tlii.s iiotlt'(t expreHttt'S
I lio views of tho majority of icnlliyolojiiHts alt well an my own. It him-ims only fair, how-
tviT, to (|iioto the oninion of Dr. 'lilct'kcr. ' It a]>puara 1o \w\ vory ovidi'iit,' wrote lie,
'that there are ut lenHt 5 speeieH of triniitnilar (or nilher )>enta;'oiial) iMrarionit with
frontal nnd i>i'o."inal npiue.s. Of the.se this (O. iiuadrimnns) is tho one longest known, and
niiiy be easily distliigniHiiod by the nearly vertieal protile of the head as well as hy tho
str(>nK 8]>ine which teriiiintiies tlie ])ost(To-sii|HM'ior dorsal ]ilate. Tho oth<>r s|'iocies
iesenndinf{7"(Ji'''<c'>»*"i»are Ontraeinn iiotacanllnis lileeker, Outraciontrieornit L. ( Ostra-
fiiin maeiilatiiii Hollard), Oftraciim iinniuvii Bleeker, and ODtraciun <jiiineeii$is lUeoker,
hilt none of these exhibits tho reninrkahle<-liai'aeter of the postero-sn'perior dorsal angle
drvelonod into n H|)ino. Ostraeion mttacanlhax is eharaeterized liy tho ]>resen(^e of a spine
upon tlie doraal crest, hy its obli<iiio protlht, nnd by the h(<xnuoiial or irref^ular black ring
^villl largo Yellowish coi'iter which ia ]>laiiily visible upon eaeii plate of tho back and the
lliiiiks; whilo Onlracion nronovii is easily reeo^ni/ed by the greater length of the frontal
and preaual spines, by tlie absonco of thoniediau dorsal spine, and by the very obliiiiie
]ii'otlIo of tho snout, (htrucion tricorni* Linn., which appears to bo idontiearwith tlie
species described by llollard as (htracion inaculatitt, is niiirked by its nearly vertical
lirot'le and by longitudinal brown hands upon tho cheeks. Ottracion'fiuinecntit'iH iiiarkeit
liv tlie siibvertical protilit of On^ractuu tricor-niii, but has cheeks without bands, and the
|)late of tho cara|iaco ornamented with acentrnl oeella of jiearl <'olor or blue.' The ]ires-
eiice of plates upon the ••aiidal inMlnncle is apparently iiiM'ideiital. They may possibly
liavo some relation to sex, but certainly none to age. Out of 14 s|ieciniens examined 5
had plates above and behiw, 1 had 2aliovo, and 6 had none. In none of the specimens can
I distinguish truces of the spine in tho middle of the dorsal riilgo montioned by Dr. Giin-
tlier. The color of young sjiecimens is well described by (liintlior; the bands on tho
cjiei'k are, however, of a bright blue. Adult specimens are colored in n rich bright blue
(ir green, lighter in tlie center of each hexagonal plate, giving tho a]ipearance of annular
markings, which quickly vanish after death. In some individuals the color is worn
fioni the ridges of tho carapace, leaving putches of light brown. lileeker claimed for his
species, Ottraeion notaeantiiuii, a peculiar system of color.ition. but it is in nowise different
IVoiii that of the onlinary type of Ostraeion (/iiadrieorniM. ' The largest specimens are 21
iiiclies long. " If Dr. (loode is right in referring nil these forms to one species, it slioiild
1m) called LactophriiK tricornis. Tlie only doubt seonis to be in regard to Lactopht-yg nota-
canthus which looks to us like a ditfereut flsli.

' "Mais en outre le syst^mo do coloration do I'espece quo jo crois nouvelle est tres
dillerent, chiuino lumclier do lu tete, du dos et des tluncs Citant ornft d'lin anneuu violet on
noiratre d'lino forme hexagone, ]ientngone, qiiadraugulairo, ou meme ronde, et it centre
largo orange ou rougeatre. On ne voit rien do |iareil sur le <^orps du quadricornis. Puis
encore, la queue est brumitre et a taches Jaiinatres et les pectorales out iin rayon de jiliis.
■le uoninie cetto esp^iH; nouvell<3 Ostraeion nutacanthuM, " M6moiro sur les PoisBUUb du la
Cute de Uui&uc, pur P. Bleeker p. 21.

1720 Uulhtiu ,/7, UitiUd States National AfnscNtn.

SuIhm (lor (} YMNODONTKS.

I

!i',!'"'*'

■1 ' I
-i -I

|i|

'?' !/ 'i

'.':,;f'

IMflctop^iiatliH witlioiit n HpinniiH dnrHal, with tlio hotly Hliort and witli
th» belly iiilliituble; the Hciih'H typically Hitiniform, with root-like iiiHor-
tioiiH (iirchetypiciiUy rhnnihoid), and with the Jaws in an enaniel-likt;
eoverin^ env«>lop<>d without diHtinct tot-th. This f^roup containii dogradtMl
I'lectognaths which have loHt the Hcalen, spinotiM dorsal, and distinct
teeth. In the extreme forms the pelvis, ribH, and caudal vertebric are
also lost, the species depending on their dermal armature, leathery skin,
or inllatnble belly for protection from cncmi«^H, while little power of
active movement remaiuH. (;'i;//>'(i$, naked; 68uv(;, tooth.)

«i. I'ttlviH mill rilm iiltHoli'to.

h. Ciiiiiliil rct(liMi noriiiiilly ditvelopotl, wiMi ii caiiiliil iicdiiiiclo.

e. IJpimr iiiiil lower Jiiw ourli iliviilc«(l liy n nimliiin Hiituro; mnxillarlcH nnil
cleiitiiriitH uncli (Mirveil (lutwnril bcliind tlio prtiinaxillnrieH; ctliiiioiil
inure iir Icbh ]ini|(u'.tin|; in front of frontalH; pontfrontalH uxtuiullug out
wiird at lonHt as far an froiitaln.
d. Vertfline comiinrativcly few, 15 to 21 in tiiiniltvr;* dorsal and anal
Hliort, of 7 to 15 rayn.
e, ^Frontal lioneH articulated with the Hiipraoocipitnl and pontfrnntals
tionllned to the sidoH; efhnioid Hhort, narrow, little promi-
nent to view above; vortobra3 few; head hrond; nostriln
variuaH. Tktraodontui.k, cxxxii.

ec. Frontal lioneH Heparated from the Hupraoecipital by the post
frontalH which meet in the middle; ethmoid prominent above,
enlar^red and narrowed forward ; snout pointed ; doraal ami
anal very ftbort ; notttrila obsolete.

CANTniOA8TERlD;E, CLXXHI.

ce. Upper and lower jaw each undivided, the preniaxlllary and dentary bones

roositled into sutureless arches; maxillaries extended laterally bchiiiil;

body covered with stout, rooted spines. Diodontid.i?, clxxiv.

bh. Caudal region of body aborted, the body iruncatod behind the dorsal and anal :

Jaws each without median suture. MoLiDit:, ci.xxv.

Family CLXXII. TETRAODONTID^.

(THR riTFl'KISS.)

Body oblonj? or elongate, nsually little compressed, sometimes very
broad; head and snout broad; belly capable of great inilation; skin Hcale-
less, usually more or Ichs prickly, the spines or prickles usually weak and
movable, not rooted; in I genus (Ejihipplon) the skin is armed with bony
scutes forming a sort of carapace, approaching that seen in Oairaeion: each
jjiw confluent, forming a sort of beak which in each Jaw is divided by a
median suture; maxillaries curved outward behind the premaxillaries;
lips full; nostrils variou.s. Spinous dorsal and ventral iius wanting, the
fins compo -1 of soft rays only; dorsal fin posterior, opposite and similar
to anal; caudal fin distinct, no ventral fins, the pelvic bono nndevelope<l ;
no ribs; pectoral fins short and broad, the upper rays longest; caudal fin
and its vertebrte normally developed. Medifrontals articulated with tlio

:'|f

* The Ohonerhinidee of the East Indies have vertebra) 29; D. 32 to 88; A. 28 to 32.

'-^^S

Jordan and livcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1727

and witl>
ikn iiiHtM'-
lainol-liko
(logrii(l)Ml
I (liHtinct
tflbnr mo
hory skill,
power of

KiUartca ami
DH i otliiiioitl
tuiidiug out-

ml and tiiial

postfroiitali
little i>romi-
onil; iiostrilN

riD.K, CLXXll.

by the pout
nineiit alMJvc.
; doraal niid

id;e, CLXXiii.
lentaiy hones
rally behind;

[0.15, CLXXIV.

Hal and anal :

L,iniE,CI.XXV.

times very
Hkin scale-
weak and
kvith bony
icion; each
iridcd by a
axillaries;
gating, till-
11(1 Hiniilar
levelopcd ;
Icaudal lin
. with tho

; to 32.

siipruoccipital, the poHtfrontalH conllned to the HidoH, ethmoid rnori^ or Iohh
projecting in froi-t of trontals; poBtl'rontalH fxtcnding outward as turnH
irontalH; proBethmoid uhort and narrow, little prominent to view above;
vertebrae few, 7 or H-f-0 to 13. Oill openingH Hniall, placed cIoho in front
i,f pectoralH; air bladd«>r pruHent. (ienera abont 10, Hpucius abont (M),
inhabiting warm suas; llnheH of sluggiHli movemmta, noted for their habit
if tilling the utomach with air. WIkmi diBtiirlxMl thoy then lloat on tho
Hiirfacu belly upward. Not tiHed an food, the lloHh being ill flavored and
ii'lintedpoiHonouB. (Te(ro(?on«n((, part, (Jllnthor, Cat., viii, 270-316, 1870.)

iKTHAOnoNTIN.*;:

a. Frontal Ikiuum expanded sldowiHO and IbrmliiK tho lateral roofit of the orbitH, tlui

poMtfroDtals llnilttiti to the ponterior portionx. Spt-cieH chlclly marine.

h. Nuatril on uach mUIo with 2 distinot opeiiinga ; rrnutal r«i;l(in longer than broad.

c. Doraal and anal tlim coniparatlvcly Iohk, faloato, each of 12 to ITi raytt;

caudal lunate; vurtobrif alM)iit 8 i i:i 21: noHtrlla Ht^HitilK, or nearly ho,

not I'orniiug adlHtiuct papilla; niiiuoiiH tubeH on uppiT part of lirad and

on tides of body very couHpieiioiia. LAOocRi'iiAi.rH, (177.

ee. Dormtl and anal tlna comparatively Hhort, roimde<l, oai^h of 0 to M raya;

caudal uaually rounded ; vertebra* about 8 i lo IH; noHtrilH at the

Hiininiit of a hollow, Himple (or lobed) papilla; muconH tubeH incon-

apicuouH. . Si>iiKK()n>ic8, 07H.

bb. Nostril on each Hide witli a bifid tentacle without distinct oiioning; frontal

region broader than long ; tins and vertobne aa iu Spheroidei. Ovoidks, 070.

(JOLOMEHIN.* :

na. Frontal bones narrowed and excluded from the orbit, tho postfrontaln being elon-
gated and projected forward and connected with the prefrontalH; dornal and
nnal tins Hhort, rounded; nnout very obtuse; vertebriu 8 (-11 = 1^; nontriln
(probably) aa iu Spheroidea, Fluviatile species. CoLOMuaua, 680.

677. LAGOCEPHALUS, Swaiuson.

l,(ifjoefphalu», Swainhon, Nat. Hist, and Class'n Fishes, 11, 194, 328, 1839 (j)ennanti=:
lagoeephalnt),

rhysoganUr, MUllkb, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 252, 1830 (1841) (lunam); name pre-
occupied.

<ta»trophysu8, MUllbr, Wiegniann'n Arohiv,ix, 1843, 330 {liinari»).

Lfi Promecoeephalet [Promeeoeephalus), BiDRuN, Kevue de Zoologie, 270, 1855 (argentatui).

'Mrodon, Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 15, 1873 {Icevigatus) ; not of LiNNiGUS, oh ]iro|i-
erly restricted.

Body comparatively elongate; skin smooth or variously prickly, the
prickles most developed on tho abdomen; abdomen capable of very great
iutlation. Dorsal and aual rather long, falcate, of 12 to 1.5 rays each;
caudal lunate. Nostril without distinct papilla, each one with 2 diHtinet
cponings; mucous tubes on upper part of head and on sides of body very
conspicuous. Lower side of tail with a fold. Species reaching a rather
lirge size, chieily tropical, one of them, Lagocephalus lagocephahts L., reach-
ing the coasts of southern Europe. Vertebra" in increased number (about
x + 13=21). The increased number of vertebra^ and of rays in the vorti-
cal fins mark a transition toward the allied family, Chonei'hinidw, in which
there are about 29 vertebriu, the dorsal rays about 35, the anal 30. {\<xyo?,
hare; neiltaX-i^, head, from the incisor teeth.)

((. Body elongate; head 3^ in length; depth 4|.
aa. Body stout ; head 2§ in length ; depth 3}.

li^VIOATCS, 2143.
PACHVCBPHALUS, 2144.

:'i

1728 Bulletin 47, Unilcd S/o/ri National Museum.

I

1141. I.Afl04'KIMIAI.I N LKYKUTI N (LIniiii iih).

(Smooth I'ikkkh.)

HoikI 3|; (Inptli M. Ii. lt;A. 11'. Ky«) largo, Hilvnry, L' in Miiout. Hodv
rloiigiitu, tuil Hluixlor, ii fold of Hkiii 011 itH luwur <mI^o on imch hMu. Int«<r
orltitikl Himcfl flat, HhorttT than Hnout, \\ in «yv. Itully i'ov«>iu«l wltli largr,
Nnbu<|ual, It-rooted Hpinea, w<«ll Hnparatod, no Miniillcr oii«!H intorniixod ; liatk
iindHidflH HHionth. Gill opi'nin); midway botwutniHiiont 11 lul front of dorHii!
DoiNnl iind ami) linH tiir^o and lalrate, the lant rayH rapidly Hhortcnt-il :
height of dornal 1} in head; oandiil lin Innate, the hmgOHt ray M in li«>a<l.
Olive green ultuvr, nideH and helow liiHtroMH Hilvcry white; no diHtiiirl
niarkingit. liCngthli feet. ('ape(!od to Hrn/il; ruinnionHonthward; riitlitT
rar<< nortli of Capo llatteras. (hiviyntiit, Hniootlied.)

Ottraeion cathHoiilaUo ublonijut, Aicricni, rii'iiorn I'iMr., |{(<iniii fiS, Hju'cleit 1.1, 173R; urt<'i

ihrhi* lagoei'phaluK, Orkw, ctf.
THroiUm hrvigatuit, Linn.kcs, SyHt. Xiit., VA. mi, III, 1700, Charleiton, South Carolina

(Coll. Dr. <ianl.'n) ; (irNiHEH, Cat., vni, •.'74, IM70.
Tetrodon curvun, .Mrrciin.i., Traim. Lit. iiiid I'IiIIoh. Soo.,i, 1810, 474, New York; ymiiiK.
Tetrotlim viathemalicii*, MiTcnii.i,, Trniis. Lit. iinil I'hiluB. Soc, i, 1HI5. 474, New York.
Uolaeanlhns vielanothut, (iitoNow, SyHt. Nut., £tl. Gray, 24, 1H54, Carolina ; liitHud on Tflra-

odon laiiHgatHii of Liiiniciis.
Tetrodon lineiilaUtt, I'oEV, SyiiopHis, 432, 1808, Cuba; youKg.
Lagoeephaliii lii'viualuii, ,Jim\)AS Sc (iii.iiBit'r, HyiioimiH, 800, 1883; Jordan & Kuwakh.-^

Troo. U. 8. Niit. Miia. 1880, 232.

I

8144. LAOOrEIMIAMIN PAniirRPIIALrN (Itanxani).

(JUU-FIMH.)

ilead 2ft; depth 3.1; eye 31. D. 14; A. 13; P. 17. lin. ..avy, taperiny
from middle of hfiid backward; Hnout blnnt; length of Ciindal p<>duni'ic
equal to head in front of midtllo of pupil. Vertical diameter of eye i of
liorizontal diameter. Intororbital npace sliglitly «'oncave, 2 iu distance
from end of snout to middle of pupil; diHtaiice between eyes equnl to
snout. Oill opening vertical, hroaderthan base of pectoral. Nuchal <tohh
line of mucous pores halfway between snout and origin of dorsal, and i
the distance to base «tf caudal. Dormil and anal alike and opposite, both
somewhat falcate, the la,st ray altout 4 J in bnigest, which is 1ft in head;
pectoral very broad, the margin oblique, slightly sinuous, lowest ray '}
longcHt, which is as long as snout, 2 in head, the fifth ray from bottom
shortcHt. Upper and lower rays of caudal slightly ])roduced, middle liiys
even, upper lobe larger, as long as caudal peduncle, 1| in head; folds on
lower part of side of tail extending forward and meeting on chin, a very
slight f(dd on each side of tail above. Small, embedded, 3-rooted spincH
on the belly between tlie lateral ridges, not extending on to chin nor to
vent, skin otherwise perfectly smooth. Liues of mucous pores as iu Lnt/o-
cephalua Iwvigatus; 4 short liues inclosing a quadrangular ari^a behind the
eye, from the anterior corners of which extends a line surrounding the eye,
the posterior inner corners connected by the nuchal line, the lateral line
extending from the posterior outer corner. Lateral line extending directly

Jordan and F.vfnnann, — Fislu's of North America, 1720

Kickwunl till iifliirly oven with the dnrial tin, then rnrviuK ilownwurtl
ml oxtoiidiii^ itlouK iiilildio of thr« tiiil to haN*> of rumlal. Culor in nlco-
'ml, Hilvory, olivu »))ov», tlouilM*! with iliirk olivo, \\ fniiit ){r««aiiih-oIivn
;ir)-a ttlon^ Hidt-H; lower part of iiitl<> niivi^ry; holow whito. ThiH npmiioH
(iillorH front l.iigoreithahiH loilfiatux in the rohnnt body with Hhort ciindiil
|cdim<'l<s tho nH'n'lyoniiirginutu nmdul tin, und tho nhiipn of thn )HM>toral.
Wost Indltm to Itrii/il; not common. Iloro di'acrlhod from 2 Hp«cini«*nH,
v inolms loiiK, from.Iiimaici»((!oll. .I,S. Uohorts). (ff-a^r?, thick; HuSirXt'f,
, '-ad.)

I , tioiliin iiaehiiefiilialun, IIan/.ani, Nov, (?oiniii. Ai\ Scl. Iimt. Iloiion,, iv, 1H40, 7:i, pi. It,

ItK. 2. Brazil.
1. iKjiieephalim paehniuiihaliii,, fiilWAti & IUttI'KH, TriM-. Ac Nat. S<|. riilla. tHI)7, VM.

&. KUWAIIDS

678. SPHEROIDBS, I.act'prdc.

(SWKI.L-KIHHKS.)

I iH iphfrnida, LAri::pi;nK, fTlnt. \at. l'oiMM.,ii, 1, 17118 (Fninoli nnmo only; tiihtreuU).
Siihfriiiil*», I>cmi^:rii„ /<N)li)t;io Analytiiiue, :i42, 1800 (tubtrculatui tpengleri, from n ilru'v-

iiiK hIiowIiik a front viinv).
ihliiihiH, llwishMitw., Anal.vHo ilti lu Xntiiro, on, 181.'> (Hulmtitiito for Lft i/thirold**,

f,A(|-.l'l.l»K).

>iih<i'r<iiile$, La(;ki'KI)K, I'illot Kdltion, IIiHt. Nnt, PoUh,, vi, 270, 18.11, (/(/b«rci(<aMi« -«j>«t»-

ijlfri).
r//TAt«omi/Ji, SWAINSON, Nut. Hist. CIumh'ii FUIu^h, n, 104, :i28, 1H:I9 («;»■»{;(«'»').
( hiiUfhtlniii, Mri.l.KK, Ahhandl. Akail AUh. Itfrlln, 2.VJ, IHIIO (1841) (teittHiUnfiii).
Ihdacanthui, Ghosow, i^yst. Xnt., Kd. (ifiiy, 211, 18.54 (invliiilcH all TetrodontUiue and Pio-

doiUithf) ; name pronocupicd.
Aiiehitotium, Kaitc MS., ItKiiAKOHON, Voyawe Ilitrald, 16fl, 162, IS.II (niientjleii, etc.).
I.fn Htfnometope* (StiiiometopuD), Uiukon, Kcviik du /oolo{;ie IBi'iS, 270 {tfutiidiiieiin); n»

diaKnortis.
A I'ltieephalitt, lIoLl.ARU, l^.tudeH Miir Ion (iyninodontoH, .T24. XHIST (tfnttuUneu*, ntc..).

Itody oblonj^, not elonj^rntc ; Hkhi varionnly prickly or Hniooth, Honictinios
with <;irri. A Hingle, Hhort, Hiniplo nasal tnhc «tn each sidu, with 2
rather large openin^H near itH tip. Dorsal and anal iinH short, little fal-
ciito, of 6 to 8 rays each; caudal truncate or rounded, rarely slightly con-
cave. Vertebra^ 8+10^18. Frontal bones expanded Hidowisc and form-
in;; the lateral roof of the orbit, tho postfrontals limited to thu poHtorior
portions. Kpecies nnnierous, in warm seas; largely Araeri>'an. Our spo-
cies represent 2 well marked subgenera, the extremes of which appear
very ditlercnt from each other so far as the skulls an^ concerned. Some
i>f tlie typical species of Sphcroidvs approach CanthigoHtcr in the narrow-
iitHS of the frontal area, (ds'xrifioi, sphere; e^So?, resemblance; the genus
based on a front view, in which the fish was represented as spherical.)

."^I-HBUOIDES:

a. Skull very narrow above, the interorbital area more or less concave, 2} to 6} tiinon
in the length of the long auout, 5 to 12 tinion in head; Hidex of body usually with
small dermal Haps.
b. Interorbital area very deeply concave, chauueMiko.in the adult, sliKhtly con-
cave in the young.

i'\

i

ilHIii'pi

'£

:,' '■';

UBiw'^

.-1^^

U'

.^i

1730 DuUctin ^7, C/«/V< i States National Museum.

e. Book and belly without prickles in tbo adnit; 2 rather largo dormal ''aim

behind bead, 1 on each .^iiio; coloration nearly uniform, tbo flideH of

belly with or without dark blotches. anch'sticeI'S, 2145.

ee. Hack and belly more or le»s prickly; dorsal cirri Hinul'.cr and i'urt'ier

apart, often wanting; color not uniform, tbo sides with a series ol'

round dark blotches ; tbo back green, mottled or spotted with maroon

and sky bl.jo. lohatus, 214(i.

6b. Intororbital space flat or moderately concave; no dorsal flaps; sides with v.

seiii's of about 12 black blotches or bars bounding pale color of abdomen;

bac^k without curved cross streaks; upper ray of caudal prcKluccd.

d. Sides of bead and body always smooth except nonuitimes a strip behind

pectorals; spines larger, higher, moro stellate, widrr apart than in

Sphcroideg 9n(iri(toti(«, irregularly placed and often wholly wanting;

side!* usually with small dermal slips or Haps, especially in the young;

bli ck blottthes on sides nearly round ; <'audal with a broad dusky bar

on base and tip. spbnoi.kui, 2147.

dd. Sides of head ai.'>i body always ])ri<'kly, aa is the back from upper lip ^o

base of dorsal; belly prickly, the prickles all similar, small, H-rooted,

stiff and close sot, never obsolete; no cirri: back with dark spots;

black blotches on sides forming short oblique cross bars, those behind

pectoral moat couspicuous; caudal nearly plain, darker at tip.

f-. Color dark brown, with bbu^k blotches; a series of about a do/.oii

irregular black spots along under side. MACUI.ATUS, 2148.

ee. Color dark, olivaceous above; biack blotches on lower part of sides

in the form of short, oblique cross bars. makmoratus, 2149.

CHEILICHTHTS (x«'Aos, lip ; Ix^vt, flab) :
aa. Skull very broad above, the interorbital space broad, flatfish, or very little concave,
its width more thaa ) snout aud 2| to 4 in head; sides with no series of dark
blotches bounding the line of belly.
e. Caudal fin rounded or subtruncate; back and sides with many small irregular
black spots ; no series of larger blotches bounding the edge of the belly.
/. Dark shades on back, broad, appearing as tbo ground color and crossed by
pale curved cross bars and streaks forming arcs of concentric circles;
these sometimes broken by reticulations, everywhere profusely spotted
with black in adult: body rather sparsely prickly above aud below or
sometimes entirely smooth.
g. Interorbital t,pae,o moderate, slightly concave ; snout somewhat pro-
duced, the eye a little behind middle of liead ; pale markings
usually irregular, not forming continuous arcs.

TKSTCDINKDS, 2150.

gg. Interorbital area very broad, nearly flat; snout short and bluntish,

tiiij eye nearly midway in head; pale markings comparatively

regular, forming distinct area. ANNIILATU.S, 2151.

//. Dark shades on back " \ i)earing as bars and spots on a pale ground color,

the pale areas foiiuing more or le.<>s distinct concentric streaks; the

dark areas above large bbn;k confluent blotches which form above

curved streaks and cross bars, irregular and variable but aborply

marked; interorbital space very broad and slightly convex; back and

belly prickly. Formosus, 2152.

ee. Caudal fin lunate or truncate, with the angles acute or produced.

h. Dorsal rays 8; body more or less prickly, above and below.

i. Color brownish above with irregular grayish spots, and sc^i.etimos
dark cross bands; eye e<iual to interorbital width, furthf, 215;i.
a. Color brownish above, .'eruiiculated with paler; eye broader tlmn
interorbital space (in young of 4 inches). teichocepiiai.,us, 2154.
hh. Dorsal rays 10. Body (in a' ult) everywhere perfectly smooth; inter-
orbital space broad, equal to snout and twice diameter of eye,
brown, with darker spots Above. FACHVaASTEB, 2155.

,^iii

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1731

lormal ''ajiH
lio HiileH ot
ricKi'S, 2145.
iml lurt'ier
a aories ol
ritli maroni]
UATUS, 214(i.
lilies witli i:
if abdomen ;
ced.

itrip behitid
art than in
ly wanting:
I theyuung;
d duskj' bar
«(ii.KKi,2147.
ipper lip to
nil, ;i-rooto(l,
dark H])otH;
1)080 behind
ttip.

unt a dn7,on
IIATUH, 2148.
part <j>' Hides
iRATUS, 2141).

tie concave,
iries of dark

nil irregular
the belly.
1 crossed by
trie eircles ;
ely spotted
d below or

Subgenus SPHEROIDES.

2146. SPHEROIDES ANGUSTICEPS (Jenyns).

Head 2\\ depth 3J (wLen not inflated). D. 8; A. 7. Body compara-
tively eionj^ate, the snont very long, concave iu prolUo, a little longer than
lost of head; eye largo, 2 to 3 in Hnotit. A well-marked pair of small
ilermal Haps, black in color, 1 on each side of median line of back, behind
I ho occiput, and just behind gill opening, the two close t<)geth«'r; inter-
(ibital area very narrow, deeply concave, channol-like, not so broad as
cvrt, the width of its bony part 6.^ in snont, about 12 in head; snpra-
(irbital bono prominent. Sides with a few small whitish dermal cirri or
liattish Haps, irregnlar in size and position, sometimes wanting; our adnit
txamplcs (Galapagos Islands) entirely smooth, the skin everywhere
loiijih velvety; nostrils tnbular, with 2 lateral openings near the summit.
Caudal gently rounded, the middle rays longest; a slight trace of fold on
ciiudal poduuclo; pectoral broad, rounded, the npper rays longest. Skin
on back and sides tending to form oblique lengthwise wrinkles. Color of
adult, dark smoky gray, nearly tmiform, the belly scarcely pale ; bsise of
fius dusky ; no trace of lateral blotches. Pacific coast, from La Paz to the
(Jalapagos Islands; rather rare. Here described from 2 adult examples (9
and 10 inches long) from Chatham Island of the Galapagos. One of these
lias the eye larger, the snout shorter, and the interovbital space much
deeper than the other, a difference perhaps sexual. Both are uniformly
colored and without prickles, (antjitsliia, narrow; ccps, head.)

Tctrodnn angu»ticepg, Jenyns, Voyage Beagle, Fishes, 154, pi. 28, 1842, Galapagos Islands
(Coll. Charles Darwin); large specimens in poor condition, the skin not nrickly;
(;i:NTHER,Cat., vui, 287, 1870; JOKDAN & (iiLiiEUT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mu8. 1882, 631.

Arichisomus angiigticejiii, ItiCHAHDsoN, Voyage ilerald, Fisbcs, 159, 1854.

Siihceroides anguitici'ps, Jordan &. Edwards, I. c, 236.

^vl

^ewhat pro-
markings

llNKnS,2150.

]d bluntish,
iparatively

|ATns,215i.
tund color,
ireaks; the
>mi above
lit abarply
; back and
psus, 2152.

BO'^iotimps

Irthi, 2153.

lader than

u.DS, 2154.

|tb; inter-

of eye,

bTEB, 2156.

2146. SPHEROIDES LOBATUS (Steindachner).

(BOTETE.)

Tload about 3; depth about 4; eye moderate, about 5 in hesid. D. 7; A.
7. Gener.'J form of Spheroides angiisticeps, the body elongate, the head
long, the long snout 2 in head, its profile concave; interorbital space nar-
row, deeply concave, the width of its bony portion 4 to 5 in snout, 7 to 10
ill head; nostrils small, papilliform, each with 2 openings, essentially as
in Spheroides apengleri ; a slight trace of fold on caudal peduncle; black
post-nuchal dermal flaps sometimes present, these farther apart than in
S.angu8tice2)8, and often wanting; sides with fiattish dermal flaps, pale in
color, rather numerous, but irregularly scattered. A rhombic saddle of
sharp 2-rooted spines on back, from nape to behind gill opening, thence
hack to near front of dorsal; a small patch in posterior part of gill open-
ing ; belly velvety, with rather sharp, partly embedded spines from throat
to vent; head, sides, and caudal peduncle without spines. Caudal short,
rounded, 1^ in head; dorsal small; pectoral broad truncate, the upper
rays scarcely longer than the lower. Color dark green, usually bright,

\i

m

I ^»' ;-■

1 -.V ;

1

WM

1732 Bnlletin /7, Ihiitcd States National Museum.

■t

with many irregular, small, well-deflnod, bluish and maroon-colored Hpots
above; a row of siiiall, diffuHe blackish blotcbes along lower part of sidcH
of bead and body, some faint dark clouds above; a dark blotch at biiHo ot
pectoral and of caudal. Gulf of California to the Galapagos; coininou
in shallow water about Mazatlan, the largest example seen 10 inches long.
from Albatrois Station 3006. In this the dermal Haps are obsolete. In I
from La Paz these flaps are as distinct as in Srthiroides angiiaticepa, bul
farther apart. Some from Panama have the sides of bead and body
prickly. There is considerable variation in other respects. The species
may prove insepar.-ible irom Sphtroulea anguaiireps, representing the younjj.
the other the extreme of adult variation, (lobatua, lobud, from the lateral
daps.)

Canthogaaterl lobatxm, Steindachnkb, Ichthyol. Notlzeii., x, 18, pi. v, llg. 3, 1870, Altata.
Spheroides (oba(u«, Jordan, Fishes of Sinaloa, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1805, 490.

2147. SPIIRROIDES NPEXGLRKI (niocli).

(Southern Puffer ; Swell Toad; Tambor.)

Heads. D. 7; A. G. Head compressed, narrow ; interorbital space very
slightly concave, or flattish with a slight median ridge, narrow, about,
^ as broad as eye, its width 5 to 6 in head, 2| to 3 in snout, which is 2 in
head; profile of snout not steep. Body variously prickly, sometinirs
smooth, usually a pat<'h of minute spines from occiput halfway to dorsal
fin; belly spinous to near the vent; skin of h(?ad, tail, and most of the
skin of the sides smooth ; sides usujilly with snuill dermal cirri, especially
in the young, these not very conspicuous. Young examples have Ihr
back .ind belly covered Avith rather large, not close set, stellate prickles
as described in the original account of Tetvodon nephehis. Of the largei
individuals, some have prickles only on the back, others on the belly only ;
1 or 2 only on a small area behind the eyes near the median line, while tlit^
majority of the hii'gest are entirely smooth. There is no doubt that these
all belong to one species. The loss of the prickles is pi'obably to souh'
extent dependj-nt on age. Adult olive brown, with numerous small light-
bluish or greenish spots everywhere, many of them forming ocelli nrouinl
darker spots of the ground color; numerous scattered black spots as laigc
as th(f pupil, one in axil below most distinct; some obscure dark spots
along sides of belly, this region beting ilesh color, with pale rivulations;
]>ectoi'als yellowish; caudal pale, usually with 2 dusky shades. Y(»unu',
gray and olive above, nmch mottled with blackish; back with numerous
irregular blue spots; Iris coppery, the pupil green: belly Avhite, grayish
brown along the sides; 12 round blackish spots along the boundary
between sides and beily; a whitish bar at base of ciiud.al; caudal with L'
bars of blackish olive and 1 of white; other fins plain; back and sides
with whitish cirri. West Indies, very conniion, ranging north to coast of
Texas and western Florida, south to Rio Janeiro and to the Madeiras and
Canaries; the most widely distriliuted species of the family. Length 1
foot. (Named for Mr. Spongier, of Copenhagen, who sent the type
specimen to Bloch.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1733

r

Tifroilonupcnpleri, Bi.ocii, Ichtliynlogia, 1,135, jil. 144, 1782, East Indies; OCnthkr, (.'at.,
VIII, 284. 1870, I'oEY.Enumenitlo. 17;}, 187.1; .loKDAN &• Gimikrt, S,viio|iHi«,081, 188:i.

LeTetrodimplumier, Lackim^.DB, Uist. Nat. I'oisH., I, 504, 1707, Martinique; ou a drawing
l)y Plumiek.

/,(• Spheroide tuhi-rcule, LACfcl'fcUK, Iliat. Nut. roL-is., ii, 1, 1708, Martinique ; on a front- view
drawins by I'LUMIEU.

rilrodonplumieri, liLocH &. Schneider, Syst.Iclith., 508,1801, Martinique; after Lack-
i'i':uE.

SliliitroUies tuberctilatits, IMllot Edition of Laeep^do, vi, 270, 1831, Martinique.

Iitioilonturgidus, I'oev, Synopsis, 432, 1808, Cuba; not of MnciilLL.

letrodon nephelu*, (iOOI)E& Bean, I'roi'. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 412, Indian River and Pensa-
cola, Florida (Types, No. 31427 and 31428 from Indian River (Coli. U. Edward Eurll)
and 26570 (CoU. Silas Stearns)) ; .Tokda.v A^ (iILIIRKT, SynopMin, !>36, 1883.

Tilrodon tunjidus ne])hehis, Jurdan &. (Jiliikkt, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 300.

Siiheruidei ipetujleri, Joud^vn &. Euwauus, I. c, 237.

214H. KPIIKROIDKH MA('VI.ATi:8 (liloch & .Seliiieider).

(PuKFEU; Swell Toau; Ui.owkr.)

Hea<l 2J; depth 3; oye small, 9 in head; iiiterorl»ital width 3A; Hnout IJ.
J). 7; A. (5; C. 7. Body abuut as wide as deep when not inlluted; inter*
(iil)ital space somewhat concave; profile not very steep, depressed in front
III' eyes. Sides of head and body always prickly, as is the back from upper
lip to base of dorsiil; belly prickly from lower lip to vent; prickles all
HJiailar, small, mostly 3-rooted, stiff and close set, rather largest posteriorly
on back and belly, never obsolete; sides without cirri. Caudal slightly
rounded. Color dark olivaceous above, somewhat marbled and dotted
with black; black blotches on lower part of sides in the form of short
iross bars, somewhat oblique, the first one behind pectoral most conspic-
uous; caudal fin plain or nearly so, the tip darker. Close to Sj)hei-oi(leH
upcngleri, the spines smaller, closer together and never wanting; no cirri.
Length 6 to 10 inches. Atlantic coast of the United States, from Cape
Aim to Florida; very common northward, replacing the closely allied .S'.
Hpaxjleri. The only species of the genus common outside the Tropics.
{maculatus, spotted.)

Tiiadfish, ScH()PF, Beol)acht. Gesellscli. Naturf. Freunde, vni, 189, 1788, Long Island.
I'etrodon hispidus, var. viacnlaUii, Hloch <fc Schneider, Syst. Iclitli., 504, 1801, Long

Island ; after Schupf.
letrodon tunjidus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Pliil. See, i, 1815, 473, i>l. 5, f. 5, New York ;

GDntheh, Cat., vni, 285; Jordan &. Gilbeht, Synopsis, 861, 1883.
Siiheroide$ maculatus, Jordan &. Edwards, I, c, 238.

2149. SPHEROIDES MARNORATUS (Kanzani).

(Spiny-back Blow-fish.)

Head 2f ; depth 4; eye ih in head ; snout long, 1| in head. D. 7; A. 6; P.
11. Outline of head concave in front of oye ; eye full and high, its distance
above a line drawn from corner of mouth to upper base of pectoral equal
to its longitudinal diameter. Interorbital space very narrow, grooved, its
width equal to that of pupil. Nostrils at end of a tube, situated about
e(iually distant from end of snout and posterior edj^e of eye. Gill opening

f**,.:?

I'", '

1734 BitUctin 4"/, United States National Museum.

equal to baso of pectoral, but higher. Length of caudal peduncle frntu
anal 2 in head. Length of head equal to k of diKtance in from ( f
dorsal. Posterior rays of dorsal H iii longest, wliicli are 2^ in head.
Pectoral very broad, folding fan-like, the niurgins scalloped, broad I \
rounded, lowest ray 1* in upper, which is 2J in head. Caudal fin 8li;;liily
longer than the distance of its base from dorsal, its rays all of in\\\\\\
length, if in head. Prickles on ventral surface between chin and vtsut,
extending on side of head in front of pectoral fin, on side behind pectoral
fin to vertical from dorsal, above from nostrils to tlorsal; only the snout,
axil of pectoral, and caudal peduncle naked. Lateral line very faini,
extending obliciuely upward from side of snout under eye, then backwaid,
curving slightly downward under dorsal, most distinct on side of tail.
Color in alcohol, above v(Ty dark brown, with black blotches, the sides
lighter, with very pale reticulations, a series of about a dozen irregular
black spots along lower side; bolow white; caudal slightly dusky, wiili
no indications of bars; other fins colorless. This species diflVrs from
Spheroides spenghri in tlie high and prominent eye, the very narrow iut( r-
orbital, the strongly concave outline of snout, the extensive distribntidu
of prickles, and in color. West Indies to Brazil; our Hpecimens collected
at Kingston, .Jamaica, by Kev. Joseph 8. Roberts, (niarmoratus, ni il»lcd.)

Tetrodon mannoratus, Kanzani, Nov. Comiu. Ac. Sci. Inst., lioiioii., iv, 1840, 7'J, jil. iii,

11^. 1, Brazil.
Spheroides marmoiatut, Juhdan & Kuttkb, Proo. Ac. Nut. Sci. riiila. 1807, 129.

§1 ^

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Subgenus CHEILICHTHYS, Miiller.
2150. 8PHEI10IDKS TK8Ti;i)INKIJS (Linuiuus).

(TAMBOU; GLOKE FISH.)

Head 3; snout moderately long, 2 in head; eye small, about 7A in bead,
nearer gill opening than end of snout; intcrorbital width 4 in head. D.S;
A. 6; skin of back from nape to before dorsal fin covered with small,
sjtarsely set prickles; belly from throat to anal with prickles which aic
rather large and closely set; axil usually prickly ; these prickles rarely
wanting or obscured; sides sometimes with cirri. Back dark olivaceous,
with whitish curved lines and streaks paler than tlie ground color, tiuse
streaks usually arrangt^d as follows: a circle or rhomb on the middle of
back, in front of dorsal fin, this surrounded by an elliiiae, the ollijise
sometimes broken up by cross streaks; before this 3 or 4 cross streaks
extending downward and backward, the one at the nape and the one
behind the eyes connected on the median line; back and sides with many
irregular, round, blackish spots of different sizes; a dark bar at l)a8e of
pectoral; caudal dusky at base, then pale, the posterior i blackish; skull
not very broad, the intcrorbital area somewhat concave, the prefrontal
grooves narrow. West Indies; very common; occasionally ascondiuj;
rivers; ranging occasionally northward in the Gulf Stream as far as New-
port, {testudineus, lilici a turtle, Tesfiulo, from the form of the jaws; "orbis
oblongus teatudinis capite" of Clusius.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1735

xHtraeion oblongu» ylaher, Artepi, Genera riHciiiin, j;enii8 60, 1738; after Clusids, Will-

uiiiiiiY, etc., Balk, Aniocn. Arml., i, 5S»l, 17J1».
Orbit ItrrU varie(jatii» (tlic (ilolie Fish), Catksiiv, Nut. IliHt. Ciiri)Iiiii(, pi. 28, 1743, Virginia.
Mraoilim tettudineun, Lin.n.kus, .Kyst. Nut., K<1. x.:in2, 175H| hnuvA imi Mai.k anil .Viitedi.
.' Tetimlon i)unctatut, Bloch & Schneidku, Syst. Iclitli., 500, 1801, Brazil ; I'oey, SyuoiwiH,

432, 1868.
Mrodon geometrieun, BLorii & HciiNEinER, Syst. Iclitli., 508, 1801, Virginia j alt«'r Catksht.
yctrodon amiiuicrnjttnt, (iOBse, Nut. t^ojourn Ji.inaicu, 287, 1851, Jamaica.
AnchUomus riticulitriii (Kaii-) ]£iciiahi)BON, Voyiige Herald, 161, pi. 31, 1854; not Tetrodon

irticularis, BLOCK & Schneider, which is* Tetrodon tcttudineuit, Ulocii, not uf

LlNN.Kl'8.

UolacanthuH Inonothos, Gronow, ("at. FIhIios, E«l. (iriiy, 24, 1H54, American Ocean.
Mrodon teitttdineun, GI'ntheh, (Jut., viii, 282, 1870; PoEY, Knunicratio, 172, 1872; .ToRUAX

& Gilbert, .Synopsis, '^61, 1883.
Spheroidf* teatudineus, JORDAN &- KowARUS.i. c.,2'tU; Jordan & Ruttek, Proc. Ac. Nat.

.Sci. rhllu. 1897, 130.

2151. SPHKROIDES ANNIILATUS * (Jcnyns).

Head 3; depth 4; eyo small, 4 to 5 in head. 1). 8; A. 7; interorbital
space very broad, nearly Hat, it8 -width 3^ in head, 1^ in snout, which is I'f
in head. Body robust, moderately iutlatable; the head broad and short;
Huout short, steop, and nearly straight in pi-ofilo; caudal subtruncate, Ijj in
iiead; dorHal rather high; pectoral broad, truncate, the lower angle
rounded, upper parts from nostrils to dorsal covered with small, sharp
prickles, closely set; a few prickles on lower part of cheek and on front
of belly; most of belly smooth with longitudinal wrinkles, the Hjtines
ciuliedded in the thick skin; whole body souietinies untiiely smooth (poli-
lii8). Caudal peduncle smooth ; upper parts everywhere with small, round,
blackish spots, much smaller than pupil, these most conspicuous on sides
of body and on sides of head; ba<k dark brown with concentric pale
rings and curved strejvks or sutures; a V-shaped mark before dorsal, an
ellipse surrounding it extending Just before dor-sal and behind nape; 2
(lark, oblique bars on <audal peduncle, with 3 corresponding oblique
streaks on head, these markings loss distinct in old examples, the dark

Concerning this species T>r. Gilbert remarks:

"Spher<rides annulatu* \n \ ery cIoho to ,Si>heroides tettudineus of the tropical Atlantic, dif-
liM'inj; probably in the .soniewbut longer snout, the smaller size of the black spots on back
anil si(Ie8, and' the weaker ilevelopinent of the Hpinen, which rarely protrude in adults.
'I'lio only ditl'erences which have been alleged to separate politna from annulatu* (heraldi)
i.s the greater development of 8])ine8 in the latter, politus being described as perfectly
.-iiiiooth. The young, however, usually have evident spines; the pits which contain the
H))ines can always be mailn out in adults, and the spines oecaMionally protrude, and are
evident in specimens differing in.no otlier respects from others which are perfectly smooth.
This is due in part to varying developnu-nts of the spines, but is largely attributable
to (litVerences in state of preservation and degree of intlation. Young specimens seem
always to show the concentric light rings in front of the dorsal fin, and the light cross
Itars'on head and nape, the latter extending downward and backward on sides. The
smallest ring is usually connected with the one surrounding it by a median line running
forward, and by a cross streak on each side. The dark areas are sometimes solid and uni-
fonn, more frequently covered with .small, rotuiil, black spots, and sometimes divided by
reticulating light-blue lines into small polygonal blotches. The lower part of the sidi-s
is marked with large black spots. Larger specimens often have this pattern of colora-
tion indistinct, adults showing back and sides almost uniformly covered with small block
.<pots."

Among our many B])ecimens from Mazatlan we find all ranges of variations, from those
wholly without spines to those prickly above and below, both kinds being taken in the
»ame haul of the net.

•11

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1736 DuUetin /7, Unixcd States National Museum.

spots becuining more marked as tbo pale streaks lade away ; caudal iiourl .
plaiu, diiHky buhiud. LtMigth IX iiiehos. raciiic coast of tropical Amori< a ;
generally common in saudy bays from Cerros Island to Ecnador; oiui'
recorded from San Diego; representing the very closely allied Spheroid, ^
teatudineua of the Atlantic. Here described ttou\ specimens from the Clal;i
pages, typical of annulatua. It is ])Ossible that tlie species is not i'oall\
distinct from Spheroides teatudineua, but the siiont seems a little sliortn
than in the latter, the head broader and the ])ale markings more detiuitely
resembling couceutrio ellipses. {annulaUia, ringed.)

Tetrodon annulatvt, .Tenvnh, /ool. ntMi^lx, 153, 184:!, Chatham Island, Qalapagos Archi-
pelago (Coll. ChiiH.Durwiii); Stkinuaciinick, Ichtli.Iiflitr., V, '.::), 1874.

Anehisomua ifeoinetricu* (Kaui>) Kiciiaruson, Voyage Herald, 156, pi. 30, 1804, Galapagus
Islands; not of Hloch & Schneidkk.

Tetrodon heraldi, GU.nthkr, Cat. Fish., viii, 283, 1870, Galapagos Islands and Panam.-i;
after Kichauumon's HptMuuiun, prittkly 4iud with the iiiti^rurbital upacu broad uud iliil.

Tetrodon geometricug, ODnther, Fish. Centr. Amor., 480, 1800.

Sphceroidei testxidineui annulatus, Jordan & Edwards, I. c, 240.

Kepreseuted northward (Guuymas, Mazatlan, La Pa/, etc.) by

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2151a. SPiiKROIOES AXXULATUH POLITUS (Girard).

This form diilers usually in having the small dark spots smaller, more
numerous, and more unequal in size than is usually the case in Spheroides
annulatua of the same size. It is also more frequently devoid of prickles,
but this character seems to be subject to great variation. At Mazathiii
smooth and prickly specimens abound in the Astillero, and may be taken
together in the same drawing of the net. Professors Evcrmann and .Jen-
kins further note that the interorbitiil space is Hat in S, politua and con-
cave in S. annulatua, but we arc unable to appreciat<) any such differcnco
in the comparison of politua from Mazatlan with annulatua from the Ciala-
pagos. The difference in the size of the spots is, however, tangible and
ai>parently fairly constant, {politua, polished.)

Tetrodon politut, Girahd, Facitic R.R. Survey, x, 340, 1858, San Diego, California, spec i
mens perfectly Hmooth; GCnthkr, Fish. Centr. Anier., 480, 1869; GDnthbr, Cat., viii,
281,1870; Jordan Sc Gilbert, Synopsis, 860, 1883.

Sphceroidei politus, Jordan & Edwarcc), {. c, 239 ; Evgrmamn &. Jenkins, Troc. U. S. Xat.
Mue. 1891, 165.

2153. SPHEROIDES F0BX0SV8 (Gunthor).

Head 3; depth 2^ to 3; snout 2^ in head; eye 5 to 5^. D. 7; A. 7.
Body short and stout, the head short and very broad, the snout short,
slightly convex, and not very steep; interorbital space very broad, tiiif,
with a median bluntish ridge, its width 1,V in snout, 2J in head; lo cirri;
nostrils in a very short, thick tube, with very large, slit-like openinjjs
extending to base of tube; outer opening wholly lateral, but the inner
encroaches largely on the anterior face of the tube ; back, froni nostrils to
dorsal, with rather small, sharp prickles, close set anteriorly, sparse poste-
riorly; belly, from throat to vent, everywhere with small prickles; head,
sides, and caudal peduncle with smooth skin; fins rather small; caudul

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. \TXl

proc. U. S. Xiit.

iiiiiuat*', IJ in h(!ii(l; pectoral obliqiioly roun(le«l. Color* grayish; back
uinl Hul«H rlo8t'ly t-oveied with shiirply di'tiiied, roiiiulish or oblong, Idack-
i^ii spotH, varying from Hi/.c of pn](il upward, Honio of thcui <|iiito Hniall,
tliosr on back coullnent into curved concentri(! or transvcrHc ntruaks,
siirrounding median palo iirouH; 5 to 10 clo8«i-8ct, trauHversc, dark strcakH
(III to)) of head and front of back, tiio markingH varying coiiHidcraldy in
iliHercnt specimcnH, liut always sharply dolincd, and forming spots and
ciiiicentrii; Itars and ollipsoiils. Panama. Hero described from nnniorous
s|)t3cimens obtained by the .llhatrosH, the longest about 10 inches long.
Tliis specieH seems allied to S2)heroi(lv8 bujaeu (Castelnau), from Hahia, and
is very distinct from Spheroidca anniilaiua. {J'ormoaiiH, comely.)

IVIiodon/ormoiiuii, (jl'NTllBU, Cut,, vni, 2S:\, 1870, South America, ((^nll. ('inning.)

2153. SIMIKKOIIIKS FIRTIII (Sr. iiiiliK liii< r).

Head 2?. I). 8; A. 7; eye 1 in head, about equal to the interorbital
width, which is 3ji to 1( in head; snout short, prodle of snout rather stcej),
its length 2i to 2^ in head. Numerous line sharp spines on ujtper parts of
liody from eyes to base* of dorsal fin, and below from throat to vent ; a slight
fold along each si<le of tail; <'audal fm weakly concave. Hrownish above,
with small irregular bluish-gray spots; sometimes ',i faint Idackish cross
bunds, the foremost on the forehead, the others on the back before the
dorsal; a dark band on base of p»!ctoral; fins yellowish. (Steindachner. )
I'auama; rather scarce. Length ;$Hnches. (Named for Ignatius Fiirth.)

letrodon J'urthi, Steindaiiinkb, Ichtli. IJoitriige, v, 22, 1874, Panama (Coll. Fiirtli); Joit-

1)AN, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mm. 1885, ;iU3.
Sphceroidesfurthi, Jordan &. Euwauks, I. c, 2110.

2154. SPilRlUtlDKS TltI(il<)<'KIMI,iLi:S(C(>l>e).

Head 3A^ in total length; eye 3.1 in head; interobital width li- in eye.
]>. 8; A. 7. Profile suddenly descending from i)refrontal region to jire-
inuxillary, arched from the former point backward; belly sidnons to near
vent; dorsal region from a little behind the uares to above the ends of
the ]»eetoral lins spinous; spines on the head long, close set, like seal
liristles; caudal liu truncate, with prominent angles. Brownish above,
faintly vermU .".lated with lighter ; sides yellowish, becoming white below ;
liiis un*' r , light yellow; a brown spot at base of pectoral. (Cope.)
(iiilf Stream. Known only from Cope's description of a small specimen 4
inches long taken in the Gulf Stream otf Newport. Possibly the young of
!^l>hero\de8 pachygaater. {QfJi'i, hair; ««0«A//, head.)

■■ The coloration of Splieroidcn .fortiwsni is more striking than in testiidineiis or attnii-
littiis. IJelly pure white; back black, crossed witli narrower lifjlit lines. The latter have
u transverse direction on head and nape, wiiere they form 7 or 8 cross bars, and show a
moro or less evident tendency to form concentric rings on back. Each nostril in a black
spilt surrounded by a white ring. Tlie liglit bars are much narrower and more numerous
lliiin in teatudineils, and are frequently connected by cross branches, tluis dividind up
I lie dark baokground into disconnected series of largu'black spots. Anal largely blackish,
tbu other tins fight, unmarked.

3030 32

txM\

I

1738 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum,

Tttrodon triehocei)halii», Copk, Proc. Ac. Not. Sol. Vlillu. 1870, 120, Quif Stream off New-
port, Rhode Island; JouitAN \- (iii.iiBUT, SynopHia, 802, 1883.
Hjihteruideii trichocfiihalui, Juuuan &. KuwAUUS, (. o.,2Ue.

8155. NI>liKHOIilKN I'ACHYOAHTKU (Miillur & Troachel).

DorHul rajH 10; inturorbital width twice diuiiietor of oyc, or o<|iial lo
lent^th of Huoiit; noHtrilH nearer eye tbuu to tip of snout, pupillary, with
2 opouiiigH. DorHal iin in front of anal ; caudal truncate, upper and lowiti
poiiitH Bomewhat elongated, liody aniooMi all over in a<lult (probal)l,\
priclcly wlien youn;;). ('olor bright brown with darker spots on the back.
(Glinther.) Length 14 inches. "A vnry scarce species around the Uarlta
dos." ((lilnther.) Not stM-n by recent collectors; possibly the typo of :i
distinct subgenus. (Tragus, tliick; y(x6rt)fi, belly.)

Tetrodon {Cheilichthyt) paehijyaster, Ml'LLGR iNi.Tiiom('hei. iuS(°lioiiil)urgk, Hist, narliiulns,

077, 1840, Barbados.
Tctruiton jiacliyijOMter, GUntbkk, Cut., vni, '-'87, 1870.
Sphairuidea paehy garter, Joudan &. Edwauus, {. c.,235.

if;

miii

::'''|'

^1

fi-c,, OVOIDES, Lac6pfede.

Let Oeuidfn, Lackpi'cde, Hist. Nat. Foiaa., i, 256, 1797 {fance; French uamea only); boacil

oil trout view ut' Tetraodon »Mlatu$,
Ovum, Hloch & Sc'iiNEiUER, Syat. Ickth., fJO, 1801 (commersoni) i alter LAcfa-feDE ; uuiin

preoccupied In uioUimkH.
Ovoidct, UiMi.KiL, Zoolojjie Analytique, 1800; after LAOiiiPfeUE.
Oonidus, Kakinesijue, Analyse du la Nature 1815, 00 (substitute for Ovum).
Arotliron, Mi'LLEB, Abh. Herl. Akatl. 18:19,252 (tentudinarius — reticularis).
Les IHloboiiij/ctireii {Dilobumycter), Kuihon, Kevue Zool. 1855,279 (retieularit,Hc.).
f Leu Dichutomyetirct (Dichotomy cter), BiUROM, Rev. Zool. 1855,279 (fluviatilis; no dia<.'

Dosis).

Body rather robu.st, the skin usually raore or less prickly. Nostril on
each side with a t( ntacle, bilid to the base, its tips without opening, the
brunches of the ]ar,;e olfactory nerve ending in cup-like depressions ulou<;
the inner edge*- uf the two lluttish lobes. Dorsal and unal tins nhort,
rounded, euc'i '>f 7 or « rays ; candul rounded. Vertebra* usually 8 and
10. A ring muscle about the eye forming eyelids. Postfrontals and pre-
frontals dellected, to describe the segment of the circle. Species numei-
oiis, chielly of the tropical I'acific; distinguished from Spheroidea by the
solid nubul tentacles, and from the still more closely related African genus
Tetraodon (Tetraodon Uneatus, L.) by the form of its frontals, the two
genera being similar in external characters, {ovum, egg; eiSoz, resem
bluncit.)

a. Intororbical space concave, its widtli nearly twice eye; spines on body coarse; color

dark, the back with round pale spots; aevei-al parallel longitudinal streaks

l)elow pectorals. ERETHIZON, 2150.

aa. Interorbital space tlattish, its width IJ times eye; spines slender; color yellow.

blue, or brown; back and belly with or without round pale spots; nodistimt

dark streaks below pectorals. SETOSUS, 2157.

st. lturl)U(los,

Jordan and Evcrmaiin, — Fishes of North .America. 1739

•.M5((. OVOinilN KKKTIIIXON (JonlMn \ (iilliort).

P. 9; A. 10. Kntire body, except Hiioiit and caiidnl podunolo, tliukly
hcHttt witli loii^, robust, i|iiill-lik(^ spiiMtH, wbich ar« loii}{«>st and nioxt
niinit'i'ouH on bt>l|y, thcHo npincH Honiotini«s a|»|tai'Mntly wiintiug, bt^in^;
hiiriod in tho hUIu. Hnont Hhort, unboid; intororbital space wide, oou-
I'iivc, itH width greater llian length of Huout, iind nearly twite diameter
iif eye; nasal tentacle bifid to the liaHe, tlie inner surtaee of each diviHJon
;liii-k]y ctivcred with minute, cup-Hhaped depresHions, the openings of tlie
iioHtrilH; length of tentacle \ its distance I'runi eye, or ] diameter of
i'y»«. Color dark brown, every wliere above with nnind whitish spots, most
iiiiUiieronH on caudal peduncle, the largest )> diameter of pupil; a dark
area around base of pe<-toral, bounded by a white line; several parallel
longitudinal Idack streaks below the pectorals. Size large; length about
:i foot. Panama and ueighlmring islands, apparently rare, {irrthizoii,
I be |)orcnpine, from lfje.fH'^00, to irritate.)

Aiothron <'nthi2on,Jo\iiiAS &. GlLiiKiiT, I'loc. I'.S.Nat. Miih. 1882,031, Panama (Typo,

Nil. 2iMi71». Coll. Frank H. Itimllcy) ; .Tohuan, Proc. l". S. Kut. Muh. 1H8.'., W.i.
ritraodoneretliizon, JuuuAN Jc KuwAltus, i, c.,244.

2157. OVOIDES SKTOSl'S (Koaii Smith).

Head 4; eye 4 in head; snout H; interorbital space moderate, nearly
ll.it, H times width of orltit; upper profile of snout aiiruptly concave at
lip. IJody everywhere thickly beset with short, slender, stitf spines e.\-
icpt around mouth, vent, and l)ase8 (»f lins; sitinules nearly uniform, some
motlesH, others with 2 to 5 roots, about 70 in a row from «'ye to dorsal.
Nostrils each with a tentacle, bifid to tho l)ii,se, the lobes flattlsh and with-
out distinct opening. Caudal Kubtruueate, i longer than peduncle; dorsal
iiiul anal rounded. Coloration extremely variable; the type specimen, as
ilescribed by Mrs. Eigenmann, dark brown, everywhere with roundish
wiiite spots, as large as pnpil or larger; these spots larger below, coales-
( iiig on ventral surface, forming vermicular markings; spots on belly
liroader than spaces of ground c«dor, on back narrower; fins with similar
liiit smaller spots; no stro.aks or black marks any wliere; pectorals and
dorsal white-edged; anal with a pale marginal streak; most of those seen
ill collectitms agree with this type. Our many specimens collected Ity the
[Umirosa at Clarion Island are, however, of various shades of color, rang-
ing from deep blue to lemon yellow, and with the spots equally variable;
Momesi>ecimeu8 ared(^ep blue, unspotted, some yellow with dark mottlinga
or blotches, some blackish with pale bluish or white spots, close set and
profuse; still others are black with the white in thti form of vermicula-
tions and angular streaks. One sp(!cimeu is pure ytdlowish white, Avith
a black bar across the pectoral onlj'. Tho causes of these excessive varia-
tions are unknown. In all, the.prickles are slender and very numerous.
West coast of Mexico, abundant about the Kevillagigedo Islands and on
rocky shores in the Gulf of California, dried specimens being often sold
at La Paz, and even in >San Francisco. Length 14 inches. Very close to
tlio East Indian species OcoUles melcat/ris (Lacdpede.) {actosuii, bristly.)

. :^;-t

:*:■ '' '

ISKlJiii

f

IW'

til

^W"

17M) Didktin /7, United States A^ationat Museum,

Tftniodim titonn, liimA Smith (now Mth. Kkik.nmann), Itiill. (Jul. Ac. Set., ii, fl, Nov. |;i
18U*I, Mexico. (Tyiio, u drletl ukiu, No. 2UU0. Mum. Cul, Ac. Uci.)

,i

I

ft

eSo. COLOMESUS, (iill.

Lfn Ilatrachopet, MiiiuoN, Ituviio /ool<>t{i<iiii) IH8.'>, '.'70 (iniHaeut).

Hatruchnim, UoLLAiiD, l^tuiluM siir leu (■yiniKMlontrH, ll'.'l, 18.')7 iiintlaeuf), iiuiiio pri'm

l!ll|)lt!ll.

Viiloiiieini$,Uiu., I'roo. U. S. Sni. Mum. IriHI, 4'J2 (imiUneiin).

This geiiiiH iu cxtvrimlly Hiiiiilur (o Siiheroidcx, Init dllVors Htrikingly in
tlii^Hti'iK-tiiie of tlie hIviiII, tlio I'ruiittil boiii'M ituiiiv; iiarrowtMl inul ostliHlril
from tlio orliit, tlio poHtfroiitals huin^i^ eloiiKiitoil, projected forward uiiil
cuniiuctud with th*« prufrontiilH; Niioiit vory ohtiiHt'; dorHiil and anal nliort,
roiiiuled. NostrilH as In Spheroiden, on eacli ai(h) a hullow papiMu with
2 oprnin^H. Vortclnic H -j- 11. Oiio Hpories; Soiitli American. (noAth,
dofiu'tivo; /iidoi, middle; from thu narrowed froutalH excluded from tho
orbitH.)

ai5H. (OliOMKKI'S I'NITTACrs (Blooh & Schiiei<It>r).

D. 11; A. fl. Hody Hhort and thick, covered with small, 2-root»'d Hpiue.s,
except on snout, arouml pectoral tin, and on caudal peduncle; sonic
H|)iucB behind dorual in adult; Hpines on sides with their points directed
toward the l)aek. Snout very ol)tn8o, Hli<;htly concave behind lip, ii,
length less than interorbital width. Eye rather larjjjc, not i^ intcrorbital
width, uMieh nearer tip of snout than gill opening. Pectoral and caudal
truncate, other lius rounded. Ih'uwnish, with (i dark cross bands on
buck, the 2 bands between dorsal and pectoral sometimes conllueni,
the band behind pectoral and that at base of caudal ntost distinct :
])ectoral dusky at base; no distinct spots anj'where. River mouths,
Guiana and nortliern Hra/.il, rather common; not known to descend to tin
sea. R4>corded from the Hio Bianco, Kssei|uibo, Marafiou, and (*apin :il
I'ara; also from the West Ir.lies. (^i'rrn^o?, parrot, from thti form nl
the beak.)

Ottracion Mraodon, SKltA, Tlicsaunin, etc. (pro-Liiiiiii>an).

Tilioiloii jitittacuv, I5i.(« II vfc ScuNEmEU, SjHt. Iclith., .'iO.'i, 1801, Malabar; (JOnthiii,

(Jilt., viu, '2m, 1870.
Cheilichthjis aneUui, Mi'Li.EK \^ Tuuscmki. in SclioinbiirKk, llritiHli Giiiiiua. ui, 641, 18Il<,

Guiana.
Cheilichthyt puittaeu*, Steinuaciinek, IcIi. Mittheil, u, 1861, 141, pi. 4, fig. 2.

•I

i.

#■■

Family CLXXIII. CANTHKJASTEKID/E.

(The .SiiAKP-NosEi) Pukkkks.)

This family includes small Puffers, similar in external appearance to tli(>
Tetraodontido', but with the snout sharp and the back more or less com-
pressed or ridge- like. The skeletal character.s by which the group i.>
detined are thus given by Dr. Gill : Medifrontals sepiirated from the supr.i-
occiptal by the intervention of the spheuotics which are connected

.jSS^

imiiifl |iri'ii>

Jordan and F.vftmanu. — F/s/u's of Norlh America. 17tl

loRflther and liitonilly oxpiimliMl, hut uliort; \\w proHotlimoid unMiilnoiit,
iilidvo, oiiIiu'^cmI ami imrrowtMl t'orwanl. \'<rt«'l>rji» ulioiit H -f 10. Iload
I'lHiiproHHtMl, with a itroJuttliiK. atttMiiiatiMl Hiuxit ; «lorHal niul anal nhort,
li'W-rayiMl. NuNtrilH obHolotf, iin|M«rforat«\ Ono ^oiiiih, witli 15 HporicH,
I'diiik' in th«« tropical Hoaa; noim of tUeni n'achin^ a Ifu^th <>r morn than
.'i iiiohuH.

68i. CANTHIOASTBR, Swaiiiison.

Ciinthinanler, SwaINhoN, Nut. HUf. KIhIh>h, ii, 11)4, IMIHt (iliuKiiimlH oiilv; no wpcclos null

tioiii>il; riintriitiin iiit<<ii(l(til).
ruilttiiiitiiii, SWAINHON, Niil. lllHt. FinhcH, ri, ;!2H, \h:w (riinlratiiii) . Hiilmtltiilc tor Canthi

I'ltnti-f; not I'liiliiiwtiiii, II (jrniiM of llioiii'nnjitfftl t>( prior iliitc.
I'rilonotiis (Kai'I' MS.) IJiriiAitnsuN, Vo.viiko |[i-ral<l, HVJ, 1H54 (roiilfatiiii\.
riiiiiitliehtliiit. Ili.Ki'.KKit, Nat. TytU. \t(l«<rl. Iiiil., IV, lrt,''i4 (ralcntini).
.\ iidsiiiiiiit, I'l/iKiis, Wii'iiiuann'K .Vrt'li. IHrri, 'J74 (/'»'/ii(i/i<«).
l.'hiDirhotui (IllKKuN) lIul.i.AUt), I^.tuilori GyninoUuntuH, ;i20, 1857 (inrnni).

Cliaiiifitors of the jjoiiuh inc!lu(lo<l ahovc. (d'hiiyOa, Hpin»<; yixdrt/f},
litlly; SwaiiiHoii h*TO an t-lHinvhtMo takoH xitrOit to nivan Hpint^, a iiHago
without clasHical warrant.)

a. No liliu'k iK't'UiiH litilow tlio ilnrxitl.

6. rppiT jmrts uvovywIitTti lieliintl licnd oovorcd witli ronnil palo R|)ot«; thm nil

piil«>; (lorHiil rays 9. immi atimsimi m, 2iri',t.

hh. I'ppiT pnrtH dark lirown witlioiit wliilmli spotH; caiKlal alwayn n-arkol with

lilnck; (lorxal rays fl. uostiiatus. 2100.

2lf>». < AXTIIHJASTKK IMXCTATIS^JlMI'S (dimlhor).

1). !>, Snout ]»ro<lnce«l, its uitper ])rolilo slightly concavo; spinos on
lioUy an<l front of hack. Upper jiarts cvorywhoro behind hea«l covcnMl
with round whitish spots, not larger than pupil, and Hcparatod from each
otiier only hy a network of tho hrown ground color; tins all ununirkod,
pale. Length 3 inches. Pacific coast of America, Oulf of Culiibrnia to
I'luiania; not common. {pHnctatiaaimita, very much dotted.)

Ttrmlon punctati8»imii», (iONTHicu, Cat., VIH, 302, 1870, Panama. (Coll. Cnpt. Dow.)
ntfiidon oxyrhynchiis, Lockinoton, Tioc^. ,\c. Nut. .Sol. Pliilii. 1881, 110, Gulf of California.
I'siloiintuspmietatUiniinis, Johdan it (iii.iiEUT, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mu». 1882, 370.
Caiithiganter punctatisnmuii, Jordan & Edwakds, I.e., 240.

2160. CANTIIKJASTKIt KOKTKATrS (I'.loch).

D. fi. Snout moderately produced, rather more than twice the concave
iiitcrorhital space; caudal slightly lunate. Body smooth, except abdo-
men, which is covered with very small, 2-rooted spines. Upper parts
ilark brown, without white spots; upper and lower margins of caudal fin
abruptly black, the middle of the llii pale, inunaculato; an irregular
brownish band or series of dots from pectoral to upper margin of caudal,
continuous with the dark baud on the latter; lower band of caudal con-

* Prilonotv$ in "a name invented 1>v Miiller, and in mentiontul by liini in his FortHot/.uiig
(Icr Myxinoidcn and in Arcliiv fur !^faturg«Hehi<■ht() t'iir 1841." (liichardsuu.)

M,

1712 Ihillcthi ^7, Uniitd States Natioual Mnsnim.

titiiiud nil Hiito of tuil; ikIuUh (iicconliiiK to I'ouy) witli (-hfHtniit-coloD'il
IihiuIm (»ii ciiiidiil i)«mIuih'1«) uiitl on rhin; diuk strvitkHiiltout ttye. A yoiitij^^
Nptiriniuii iH'lurc iih, 2 iiicliuH in Ivtigth, tVoiii tlin Hiiiip|M^r HiiiikH otV Pni
mrooIa, (Io«>h not hIiow IIiuho hiirs. l'|t]i«)r liiid lower cd^oH of ciindal
Ahiiiptly ,i«it-lilack, thix color oxtonding iih » durk Htripo along tlio nicdinn
\'\\w of cuiidiil ]M<dniu'li) altovo and btdow. No rnmH biindH on tiiil. Itt'lls
with fonHpicuoiiH 2-i'ootiMl jiricklMs; Honio pricklcN and KrunnliitiunM im
Ww liiM-k. \V«>Ht InditfH, north, in rnther do«p water, to thu hankHoll' I'oii
Na<-ola; uIho found in tli<i MadciraH uml UurinudaH. {roHlrntM, lon^;-
Hnout«Ml.)

Tffrodon roitrn^ui, II|.<>(!||, IcIitliyoloKlii, I, |il. UA, 1783, India; (irNTllRli, Cat., Vin, 3U'l,
lH7iii OooDK, Am. Juiir. Hoi, ArlH IK77, 'JUO; (U^ntueu, Slioro Fixlieit, CliulloiiKer, li,
1H80.

Telrixlon rai'iitiatiii, LoWR, I'roc. Zonl. Koc. r.onilon IHIIU, 9<), Madeira.

I'riloniitiia {Aiiehitomim) cainJiciticttm, HlfilAltUHU.N, N'liynKu Herald, 102, pi. 30, fluH. I :i,
1M&>, locality uiikiiDwu.

Telradononiatui, I'oKV, Syiioimi.^, 433, 1808, Havana; <i('NTiiRli, Cat., vni, ;i(l3, 1H7().

TftrotliinrautUi'iiu'Uii, (JCntiikk, Cut., vili, aOII, 1H7(I; I'okv, Knuiiioratio, 73, 187S.

CiiHlhiijaiiti-r eamlieinetiiii, Coi-k, 'I'rjinM. Am. I 'hi inn. Soc. 1871,470.

Canthiffaiter ruttralu*, JoitUAN \ Kdwauum, {.c.,24G,

Funiilv CLXXIV. ninDONTIIUi."

m.

:i

•iii

Criii'; I'oiicri'iNK ri.siiKH.)

Hody short, hroud, di^prcsHtid above. IWdly niodorntoly inilatahic, cov
(irod «'vorywhoro except <mi tlie lips and caudal peduncle with Hpinen,
which are uHually 2-rooted or lUrouted at their Ittujy )>a8e. Caudal jio-
duuclo Hhort and slender. Mouth moderate, terniinal, each jiiw covenil
with a bony plato like the beak «>t' a bird, the.se not divided by a nieilimi
Huture. NoHtrilt) on each Hide forming a. Hinall tentacle, nHually with L'
o])oning8. Kye rather larjje, gill opening moderate, immediately in front
of the pectoral, which in Hhort, broad, and rounded. Dorsal and anal tins
short, similar to e.'ich other, rounded in form and placed i)OHteriorIy.
Genera about G; specios 15. Sluggish tishea, living on the bottom ilMloll^
weeds and corals, in tropical seas. When distnrbed, they swallow air niMi
float belly upward on the water. Their capacity of intlation is very
much hiss than that of the Tctraodoiitidiv, from which family they ditVcr
chielly in the stnmger armature and in having no division in the bony
I)late of either jaw. They are rarely used as food, being generally
regarded as poisonous. The species are mostly avcH known in collections,
the singular form luiving attracted tho attention of travelers in the ciii-
liest times. (Tetrodovlido', i»art, (Jiinth«T, Cat., vni, 300-.S10, 1«70.)

a. Dcniial (iHHiticntiona very small, oai'li one 2-ro<>t('(l, witli n finn floxiblo Hjtinc or li.iir

liko l>ristli<. Nusiil tontaclua proHent. 'I'uichodiodun', fiS'.!.

aa. Dermal osMiflcatioiiH mo.stly Sroottttl ; II10 H])inc8ratlior HltMidor, butstitVaiidercrtilc.

NaHuI tout ado simple, with 2 lateral openinjiH. Diodon, (W:i

*See Eijjenmann'H Review of tlie Oeuera nnd S|x'cie» of IHodimtidcn found In Amori(';in
Hens, Annals N. V. Ac. Sci. 1885, 207.

Jordan and Ih'crmaun, — Fishes of North America. 1713

<Ma. Dermal ONHiflcntiniiM nil or lu'nrly nil .tro<)t<«<1, oacli with n Nliort, alllT, lmiiii>vnl>lfi
iipiiin. NuHiil D'litiirlit Riiii|i|<>, Willi 2 o|M-iiinKN. Cmii.dmvi iKiit m, liMl.

(laaa. DuriiiuloHHlilcutloiiit ul' tluttlNli, |iu|H<ry nr oarlilu(;iiioiii iiIhIch with iiiliiuUi hulr-
Uk« imiiillic; iioMii'il Hliort, •tiitlri<, wllli '.' lutcnil i>|M<iiinKM.

l.vtmi'ii.f.iiA,i<MO.

68a. TRICHODIODON, Itlnkni.

Tiii-hnilloilnn, ni.RKKK.K, AtliM Ic.hth., OyiiiiKNliiiitrrt, lU. tH()7 (i>ilii»iiH).
' Trtehuevrlut, orNTiiKK, Cut., vill, :ilfl. 1H70 (ninm^fuii jnlniui).

Kody obluiig, littlo (UtpruHHud ; iiiisal tmtiK-lo pruHont; (hernial oHHillca-
tiuiiH very Hinull, nifli with u ]inir of lutonil routH, uiul ouch Un'iniiiuthi^
III It Ihio, tii-xiblo, iiriatlu-iik« Hpiiio; Hub iih in Itiothn, of whirli tin- HpuciuH
art) poHHibly tbo vuiy young, ((ii/j/^, biilr; lHodoti.)

in AmeritMii

lilOI. TI(l('IIOI>IOIM>> IMM>MrS(Mltchill).

Thia npecios, which may b*^ uiniply the very young of IHodon hyslrix, is
known only from luxoiintH givuii by Mitchill, Ciivier, iind (iiliilhiu'. It is
poNHiblo that thoHt^ 'A iloHcriptioiiM ri^fer to 3 <litlVrent HpucioH, but moio
likely all of thom aro btiHud on young Diodoiis. Mitchill Haya: " lluiry
Diodun ( Diodon piloaita). With a covuring of briHtly hair. Length about
.'111 inch and a half; broiidth less than lialf an inch ; depth nearly a <|iiiirter;
iriaking a blunt lump of a lish. Ih covered all over — back, HideH, head,
mid belly — with bristly hair. The briHtlen strong and llexiblo, without
(lie power to scratch or to prick. Hair about an eighth of an inch in
li'iigth. Com])luxion dun <»r brown, \vith spotH on the back, sidoH, and
toward the belly. Huh, at lifHt glimpHO, the appearance of a young iiioiiho.
Month Hiiiall, midway, and horizontal. lOycs vertical, lateral, and large.
iVo ventral fins. Pectorals broad. Doi-Hal and anal very far back, and no
liair between them and the tail. This is but a HUiall projection from the
tiiick aud clumsy body, and is terminated by u liu of 7 rays. Dorsal, aual,
mid pectoral fins contain each about 13 rays."

Cuvier, referring to Mitchill's description, says; "We posHesH in the
iiiiiseiim a large individual, more than 2^ feet long, entirely (Covered aud
roughened by Hiendcr spincH like the pointH of ])inB, I line of Hpiucs ]>rom-
iiicut nearly on the back and on the sides, and li or 3 under the belly. The
region of the mouth, that of the eyes, the base of each fin, and the end
of the tail alone are deprived of spines. The color of the skin is gray,
with round brown points scattere<l all over it 4 or .5 lines broad. Similar
sjiots are scattered on the lins, which seem to have been yellowish in
rolor. While waiting to know if this IHodon is not the adult of that
which Mr. Mitchill has described, I will name it Diodon anper."

Under the name of Trivhocifvhts erinaceun (lilnther describes a very young
example, apparently of this same type, as follows: ".Jaws without me-
dian suture. Body covered with very small dennal ossifications, each
with a pair of lateral roots, and a line, llexiblo spine. A nasal tentacle.
Dorsal aud anal iiiis as in tho allied genera. The spines are hair-like, ^ of
ail inch long in an example lA inches long." Locality unknown.

I'Jiii

::^,!.

174'4 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Do Kay, in the Fiiiina of New York, page 326, liufs tlio following ilt-sirij)-
tloii of IHodon 2)iloiiun, from a Hpocimen 2 inches loug, accompanied by ii
figure which evidently reprcscntH (he young of IHodon hyatris: "Mody
oblong, cuboidal. Every ])urt of the surface except a Hmall space round
the mouth and eyrs, and another including the base of tlie caudal fin.
furnished witli bristlos; these are from v'o to v*,, long, directed bacliwiinl.
though probably capable of erection at the will of the animal. They are
somewhat longer and more crowded on the dorsal and posterior parts ol
the body; they are all soft and flexible, suggesting the idea of hair-lil. •
processes. Eyes large and lateral; the space bet^^^eu the orbital margi:
depressed, concave. Ts'ostrils single, with an obliquely truncated tub
orifice. Mouth terminal, broad, with thin membranaceous lips. ,Ja^.., . r
rather tlie teeth, ending in an acute tip iu front. IJranchial orifice ear
shaped, i>laced in front of the upper part of the oase of the pectorals.
The dorsal slightly anterior to but over the anal, rounded on its margin,
higher than wide; i)ectoral short and broad, its upi)er rays longest; anal
fin broad, and similar in shape to the dorsal ; caudal lanceolate. Browuisli
above; ashy white beneath; the i»ricklos of a metallic golden color; on
the back .and alongthe sides several oblong, distant, blackisli-brown spots.
Length 2 inches. Fin rays, D. 12 ; P. 20 ; A. 14 ; C. 9. This remarkable little
s]>ecies, which has been occasionally taken in the bay of New York, wns
first described by Mitchill. It was subsefjuontly referred by Cuvior (Op.
8ui». cit.) as the young of a species which he names osjjcr, 2^ feet long.
It is probable that his opinion underwent some modification subsequent to
the publication of that paper; for in the last edition of his Regno Animal
D. pilo8U8 is cited as a distinct species."

While we niay infer thai the sjiecimens of Mitchill and De Kay were
both supposed to come from New York Harbor, it is not likely that Diodon
hyiitHx was ever found in this locality, and it is probable that the speci-
mens called "pilostia" came from some Avarmer region. We have never
seen any species referable to the f^enus Trichodiodon, and doubt the exist-
ence of Trichodiudon pUosus as a distinct genus or species, (pilosus, hairy. )

IHodon 2nlo»ux, Mrrciiu-L, Traua. Lit. and Pliil. Soc. N. Y., i, 1815, 471; supposed to bo

from New York Harbor ; speoiiueii 1^ mcbes long.
IHodon asper, Cuvieu, Mom. du Museum, iv, 1818, no locality; specimens 2 J feet long.
? Triehocyehis erinaceut, GfJNTHKH, Cat., vn, 316, 1870, no locality; specimen J inch long.
jMchodiodon pilosus, GOnthek, Cat., vui, 316, 1870; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 862.

683. DIODON, Linnteus.
(PoucuiMNE Fishes.)

IHodon, LlNNy-EUS, Syat. Nat., Ed. X, 335, 1758 (hystrix).

Paradiudon, Blekkehl, Atlas Iclitli., Gymnodonts, 56, 1807 (hystrix); name a sulmtitiilo
for I'lodon, tr.ausl'erred to another giinu.s; the firHt speeiea mentioned by Liunu'iis
being Diodon atinga, ■which was therefore takeu by Bleeker as the type.

? Trichodiodon, llLEEKEF, Atlas Ichth., G.ymn., 49, 1867 {pilostis; larva?).

? Tnchocydtis, GOnthek, Cat., vui, 316, 1870 {erinacem,- larva?).

Body robust, the belly moderately infiatable.
Btitf, most of them 2-rooted and erectile, a few

Dermal spines .strong,
3-rooted and therefore

?'!'

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1745

iniinovablo ; both ,jawa ontire; nasal tnbo simple, with 2 lateral o]iei]-
liigH. Pectorals bio.'ul, their iiiiirgin unilnlato, the u]»per lobe longest;
vertical fins ronndod, the dorsal and anal short, posteriorly inserted, sim-
ilar to each other. Tropical seas ; the lew species very widely distributed.
((5/5, two; 6(Joi.V, tooth.)

((. Spines tfirt'to.

6. Frontal si)ines not as long as poBt-pectoral .ipinos (in ntlnlts not J as
long, about as long as eye) ; predorsal spines very short, S-rooted, fixetl or
nearly so; "20 spines in a series between snout and dorsal; post-poctoral
spines very much elonyato, especially in the adult, shorter in tlio young;
dorsal rays 15; anal 15; u])por lobo of pe<toral little lonfjor than lower.
Adult above everywhere covered with round blaek siutts, tlu'so largest in
front of dorsal, smallest on naked area about month; white bulow; tins pro-
fusely spotted with black ; young with fewer spots, but never with largo
blotclies. iiVSTKix, 2162.

Vb. Frontal spines long, usually longer than post-pectoral spines, about twice as
long as eye in adult; predorsal spines not shortened, 2-rooted. erectile; 14
to 17 spines in a series between snout and dorsal; post-pertoral spines not
especially elongate, their development variable ; dorsal raj's usually 12; anal
12; pectoral broader than long, its upi>er lobe i)ointed, lower lobe rounded.
Body marked ■with black spots and blotches irregular in size, usually a
broad black bar from eye to eye, continued below eye as a narrow bar;
a broad bar across occii>ut ; a black blotch above each pectoral ; a short bar
in front of dorsal ; another in which the dorsal is inserted ; a blotch behind
pectoral, and many small spots and blotches on ujtper parts; iins with few
spots, usually unmarked in the young. HOLAfANTHts, 2163.

aa. " Spines compressed laterally, short; 15 spines in a series between snout and dorsal;
upper parts covered with round spots, those about pectorals sometimes con-
fluent into a blotch ; iins immaculate." macuukeu, 2164.

•I;-:

21«2. DIODO.V IIYSTUIX, Linnajus.

(PORCUPINE-FISn ; EUIZO; rtERCO Esi'INO.)

Head 3; depth 3|. D. 13 to 15; A. 13 to 15. Spines strong, dilated at
biiso, with a pair of basal grooves; frontal spines not as long as post-
pectoral spines (in adults not \ as long, about as long as eye) ; post-
pectoral spines longer than any others, especially in the adnlt, usually
aliout as long as pectoral lin, those of the posterior part of back and
tail short and broad, 3-rooted, and therefore not erectile; predorsal spiues
very short, 3-rooted, fixed or nearly so; about 20 spines in a. series
between snout and dorsal; upper lobe of pectoral little longer than
lower; upper and lower part of tail with 2 or 3 ptiirs of 3-rooted, im-
movable, recumbent spines. Adult above everywhere covered with small
round black spots, these largest in front of dorsal, smallest on naked
;irt'a about mouth ; white below ; fins all more or less spotted in the adult,
iKuirly plain in the young. Length about 3 feet. Tropical seas; every-
where common; north t.> Lower California, Florida, and the Hawaiian
Islands; abundant in collections, being stuifed and dried as a curiosity;
not used as food, {hystrix, the ])orcupine.)

(hhis echinatus, Rondelet, De Piscibus, 324, 1558, Northern Ocean.
Uiininajacufiiiara, ^lAHroHAVK. Hist. Nat. Bras,, 159, 1648, Brazil.
Ontrado" conico oblonyut, Aktedi, Genera, 60, No. 19,1738.

l4

. 1 "■

.i.

174G Bidletin 47, United States National Museum.

Erizo, Parha, Dese. Dif. Plozas Hist. Nat. Cuba, 60, pi. 29, flg. 1, 1787, Havana.

Diorfo/t /*i/«tri«, LiNN^irs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 335, 1708, Indie; alter Autedi; G('ntiikii,

Cat., viii, :i06, 1870; Jordan & Oiliiekt, SyuopsiH, 86.'t, 1883; Joudan &. IturiBU, I'mi.

Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1807, 130; and of writers generally.
Diodonatiniia, IJi-orn, Iclith., iv, 7.'>, pi. 125, 1787; not of Linn.kus.
Le Diodon (Plu.mikr) Laci^^'khe, Hint. Nat. Poiss., Ii, 1 and 10, pi. 3, tig. 3, 1708, Martin.

ique; on n drawing by Pi.iimikh.
Diodon hrachiatxiH, llLOCii it Sciikeider, Syat. lehtli., 513, 1801, Cuba; after Pauha, pi.

29, fig. 1.
Diodon punctatus, Citvier, Mi'sni. Miih. IliHt. Nat., iv, 132, 1818, no locality.
Diodon echinu$ (llAVH^ESiHK) Konapaute, Cat. Mot. Pise. Eur., 87, I84G, Mediterraneun

Sea; accidental.
/Dioduii ipinusisiimus, GCntiikh, Cat., viii, 307, 1870.

2168. DIODOX IIOLA<;.i>'THrS, LinnsiMis.

D. 12; A. 12. Very similar to JHodov hynlrix, but with the frontal spiiK s
usually lougi^r thau tbo spiues Itoliind the pectorals, about twice as loiij,'
as eye. Prcdorsal spines not Hbortened, 2-rootcd, erectile; about 14 lo
17 spiues in a series l)etwe«'n snout and dorsal; post-pectoral spines not
especially elouj^ate, but nu»vablc; pectoral broader than long, upper lolx'
pointed, lower lobe rounded. Coloration much as in Diodon hystrix, but
more variabh*, the spots fewer and larger; usually a broad black bar from
eye to eye, continued below eye aw a narrow bar; a broad Var across oc( i-
l)ut; a black blotch above each pectoral; a short bar in front of dorsal;
mother in which the dorsal is inserted; a blotch behind the pectoral, and
many small 8] tots and blotches on the upper parts; (ins with few spots,
mostly immaculate in the young. In all warm seas, north to the Florida
Keys, Lower Calilbrnia, and the Hawaiian Islands, its range coincidiiitr
with that of Diodon hi/sirix, from which it may prove to be not distinct.
An example before us is from La Paz. The distinctions are generally evi-
dent in the atlult, but young specimens apparently intermediate arc often
found. Possibly the two are diftereut sexes of the same species. Lengtli
1 to 2 feet. None seen by us of as large size as the largest hyatrix. {oAui,
wholly; anavOa, s\*'mc.)

Ottracion nblongus holacanthu.t, Artedi, Genera, 60, No. 20, 1738.

Crmjracion, Xos. !) and ir>, Klein, Hintoria Piac, 19 and 20, pi. 3, fig. 6, 1740.

Diodon Iwlocantlnig, LiNN^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 3o.'>, 1758, India; baaed on Artedi ; iiiIm-

print for hdlacan'.hus.
Erizo Gummbana, Pahua, Desc. Dif. Piezas Hiat. Nat. Cuba, 62, pi. 29, lig. 2, 1787, Havana.
Le Diodon tachetc, LACi':ri:uE, Hist. Nai. Pois.'^., n, 13, 1798, New Cytherea.
Diodon liluromi.1, Shaw, Gen. Zoiil., v, pi. 2, 436, 1804; after Diodon tachetf, lj\ci:vi:nE.
Diodon sjnnosig/iim.ii. 9, CuvuiU, Mt''n>.Mus., iv, 134, 1818; no locality.
Diodon novemmaculattis, CrviEH, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., IV, 136, jd. 6, 1818, no locality.
Diodon Hcxwaculatus, Cuvier, Mem. Mus. Hiat. Nat., IV, 136, pi. 7, 1818, no locality, (Un

TIIEH, Fisb. Centr. Am., 396, 1869.
Diodon muUimaeulatus, Citvikr, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., iv, 136, 1818, no locality.
Diodon quadriinaculatiis, Ci'ViER, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., iv, 137, pi. 6, 1818, Otaiti.
IHodon melanoptis, Katp, Wiegmann's Archiv 1855,228.
Paradiodon qiiadrlmaculatiis, Bi.eeker, Atl. Iclitli., Gymnod., pi. 8, fig. 2, i865.
Diodon mactdatus, var. a, GL'ntiier, Cat., Viii, 307, 1870; based on Diodon tacheir of L.vci:

PKDE; St. Croix; Jamaica; Panama; South America; Hawaiian Islands; China;

Sooloo Sea; Indian Ocean.
Diodon macnlatu.% Jordan & Gii.heut, Proc.U. S. Nat. Mua. 1880, 70 and 453; Jouda.n,

Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1884, 46.

Jordan afid Evermann. — Fishes of North Ai)icrica, 1747

Mediterranean

2104. DIODOM MACIILIFER, Kniip.

Spiues rather wbort, sti'«»ug, reiuarkiibly flattened, and compresBod trans-
vorsely. Upper part of tail without ossillcations, Imt a pair of Hpinea
lying alongside their root on side of dorwal iln ; loots of spines strong and
long. Ahont 15 transverse series of ajtint'S hetwcen snout and dorsal /in.
r|>))er part of head and body with ronud l>la<-k s])ots, each of about the si/.e
of the pupil of the eye; sometimes the spots above or near the pe«5toral
( (lulluent into a blotch. Fins and abdomen immaculate. Length 10 inches.
(^(Jiinther.) Cape of Good Hoi)e. A specimen recorded by (liinther from
Cuba. This is perhaps an error, as neither Poey nor any other American
writer has noticed specimens in the West Indies. The fljiecies is unknown
to us. {macula, spot; fero, I bear.)

IHodiin mamli/i-r, Kaui', Wiegiuauu's Arcliiv 1855, ii'JO, Cape of Good Hope; Gi'XTHEii,
Cat., VUI, 300, 1870.

453; JOKUA.N,

684. CHILOMYCTERUS, I'.ibron.
(liuim-FisiiEs.)

Chilomycterus, "Bibrox, in Unrnoville, Kovuo Zoologiquo, 40, 184C {reticulafut— tiijrinvii).
Cliilomyeterun, Kaup, Wiegiii. Ardilv 1847, 365 (antennatus).
Ciieliclithi/g, Kaup, Wiegm. Arcliiv 1855, 231 (orbiciilaris).
I'liamchthrjH. Kadp, Wiegm. Arcliiv 1855, 231 (ecerulcng).

Dindon, lit.EEKER, Atl. Iclitli., Oyiiiuoil., 55, 1805 (atituja), tlie first species mentioned by
Linnajns: not Diodon, as earlier restricted by Kaup to Diodun lii/strix.

iiody broad, depressed, moderately intlatable. Dermal spines short,
stout, immovable, triangular, each with 3 roots; nasal tube simple,
with 2 lateral openings; the tube sometimes rounded, sometimes ilat-
loued, and with the pjirtition feeble and easily torn so that the tentacle
iippears divided; caudal peduncle short; fins small, formed as in Diodon;
jaws without median suture. Species numerous, of smaller size than
tliose of Diodon, the spines broader and lower, their bases forming a coat
(if mail. (^c?Ao?, lip; fivHrr'/p, nose. "Xarinesnon closes an sommet, mais
cliaciine ayant Tapparence de deux levres, 011 formee do deux tcntacules
rciinis a la base." )

(Yri.icHTHVS {kvk\(t<!, round: ix^us, flsh) :
n. Nasal tcntado sulicylindrical, not divided.

b. Fins unspotted; supraorbital spines 2, with gencr.ally a tentacle between them;
a Mpine 1 middle of forehead,
c. Superciliary edge raised.

d. Upjier parts greenish black, with a series of undulating bliickish stripes
running from nape backward; a similar series between eyes and
across face ; an ocellated black spot above i)ectoral ; a larger one he-
hind pectoral ; an ocellated spot on each side of dorsal, and an elon-
gated spot behind e.ach of the ventral .inteuiiie. schcepfi, ?165.
dd. Upper parts plain, without series of lines; spots as in sc/nrj)/.

SPINOSUS, 2100.
ddd. Upper parts covere«l with black, hexagonal reticulations.

ANTII.LAUUM, 2107.

cc. Sn]>erciliary edge not raised; upper parts with inimcroiis blai;k dots, souu)
with bluish centers; a black sjiot in middle of nape; a large kidney-
shaped spot above pectoral, and a subtriangular blotch before and along
base of dorsal tin; a series of autenuue along lower part of side.

ANTENNATUS, 2108.

!•¥

m\ li..

^s

.. •'/,

1748 BiUletin ^7, United States National Museum,

I

1\

CniLOMYCTEnua :

aa. NuHiil t<>ntarlo flattened, divided; flnH Bi>otted witli tilack; siiprnorbital npineH ;;,

i'ooble ; nunc on Torelioad.

e. Supraocular cirriiH wi'll developed; upper pnrtH densely covered witli small,

round, blackish HpotB; a large black blotcli liefontand around doi-Hal; aniitliii'

on vnch side abovo gill (ipening and ])ectoral; HpiucH Hhuit, coni]>reHHed nii

tcrior root flat, longer than tlio othera. atinoa, 2\ni

ee. Supraocular cirru.i wanting; upper parts with short, dark Hlreaka or bai>,

becoming blotches on the sides. rALiFuUNiENBl.s, 217ii

Subgenus CYCLICHTHYS, Kaup.

2105. ('ilYiiOMYI^TKIU'S SCIKKPFI (Walbaum).

(Common IUtrk-fish; KAiiniT-Fisn; Swei.ltoad; Swki.lfish.)

Head 2i; depth 3. l\ 12; A. 10. Body a litth^ broader than deep at
gill openings ; interocular space broad, concave ; eyes large, lateral, nearly
as long as suont, each with a cirrus above it, longer than pupil ; gill o])eii
ing about as wide as eye, opposite upper anterior part of pectoral. Aboiil

9 spines between eye and tail, their height e(iualing diameter of pupil;
spines on belly unich smaller, partly embedded in skin; some of the po.s-
torioi with cirri; spines on caudal peduncle; anterior root of each spine
little if any larger than others. Pectoral fin deeix-r than long, the margin
undulate, the upper lobe longest. Greenish; belly pale; a round, black,
ocellatdd spot above pectorals, not as large as eye, a larger one behind
pectorals, another at base of dorsal, with a smaller one below it ; back nnd
sides with parallel black strijies of uniform width, about as Avide as the
interspaces, those on the back running longitudinally, those on sides
obliquely downward and backward, those on front of head running cross-
wise, a dark bar at base of dorsal ; belly pale in the adult, often black
in the young; other fins plain. Length 6 to 10 inches. Cape Cod to
Florida; very abundant southward in shallow water; especially nunuT-
ous on the coast of the Carolinas and Florida. The hotly is capable
of considerable inflation, but less than is the case with the Tetraodonts.
"This species is readily recognized by the dark and light lines of tlio
tipper parts. The lines are parallel and meet toward the back. A retic-
ulation is sometimes formed when these lines meet on the anterior jiart of
the back. In the young there seem to be more lines than in the (dd. Two
specimens examined, 3 inches long, have 17 lines between the pectorals; n
specimen 5 inches long has 10 lines; and the largest specimen examined,

10 inches long, has 12 lines." (Eigenmann.) (Named for its discovert?!-,
Dr. Johanu David Schopf, noted as a botanical collector.)

The Toadfish, SchOpk, " Schriften Berlin Gesellsch. Naturl". Freunde, vii, 192, 1788, " Long

Island.
Diodon schmpji, "Walbadm, Artedi Pise, 001, 1792, Long Island ; after Schopf.
? Dindon mmlini, Walbaum, Artedi I'isc, 602, 1792, no locality.
Diodon gcometricus, var. Uneatus, Blocu ii. Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 513, 1801, New York ;

after Schopf.
Diodon maeulostriatus, Mitchill, Fish. N. Y., 470, pi. 56, fig. 3, 1814, New York.
Diodon rivulatun, CuviEli, Meiu. Mus. llist. Nat., IV, 129, pi. 6, 1818, New York; al'l.r

Mitchiix.

I" '■;

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 1749

niodun niiji-olinfatwi, AYRE8, Jiost. Juiiru. &'at. Jlist., iv, 1842, 08, Brook Haven, Long

Island.
l)iodimJuligino»u$, I)e Ivay, N.Y. Fauna: Flubes, ;i'24, ])1. .W, 11};. 181, 184'2, New York;

young.
Iiiddun verrucotug, Db Kay, N. Y. Faunn : Fialu'n, ;t'25, pi. 5»!, lij;. 184, 184'2, New York ;

young.
( j:ilnmijetcrv$ geomotricui, Kait, \Vlogni. Arcliiv 1847, var. n antW*,- UOnther, Cat., Viii,

310, 1870; (JooKE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1879, 109; JoiiDAN & (iiLiiEUT, Synopsis, 86;i,

188U; uut Diodon geometricui, Blocu & Sciinkiuer.

21rt«. nilLOMYrTKRrS SPIXOSrS (Linnaus

I'liis spocios, according to (tiinther, (lifters from Ckilomiicterufi achupji
only in the coloration, the dark lines on the back being absent. We have
Hcun no specinu^ns of it and do not know whether it is a distinct species
or not. In case the two species arc identical tlie nanu^ Hpinomix ha.s priority.
West Indies and coast of Brazil; not seen by us. {Hpinoaus, spinous.)

liiiainaiacu atinija, Marcorave, Hist. Bra.sil., 168, 164K, Brazil.

()i>ii» tnuricatUK, Itanmrictu Onamaiaev yUinjra, WnxroHBY, Historia riscium, 14.'i, ''CSti,

Brazil ; description copied from Makcorave, but with a now figure rcpresuiitiug Vhilo-

vitjcterug tchcej'fi-
.1 thi'ia alter minor orbicularis, Lister, Willugliby, Hist. Pise, 15.5, 1686.
Hnainaiaeuatinga, Marcgrave, Hist. Nat., 168,1648, "in mari."
Ontntcion tubrotundus ventre ylabro, Artedi, Gen. 69, No. 15, 1738.
Diodon spinosuB, Iah^mvh, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 335, 1758, India ; based on Artedi.
Le Diodon orbe, Lackimcde, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., u, 16, 1798, Rio Janeiro.
Diodon yeometricnn, Blocii &. Schneider, Iclitli., 513, pi, 96, 1801, America.
Ciji-iichthys eornutus, Kaup, AViegm. Archiv 1855, 231, Bahia.
(7ii7"»ii/ott.TM# flicy)«ctnc«#, var. 1/, GCnther, Cat., 311, 1870; typo of Cijclichthys curnutus,

IvAUi'.

2, 1788, ' Long

i. New York ;

2l«7. ( IIILOMYCTKKUH AMILLARI M, Jordan & Uutter.

Allied to Chilomijchrua achapfi, diftering in having the whole body cov-
ered with black hexagonal reticulations instead of parallel lines. Snpra-
oiltital spines 2, 1 frontal 8i)ine, a single spine below and in front of eye,
2 l)etween eye and gill opening; interorbital space deeply concave; a
transverse series of cirri i)n chin, and nearly all of the spines along the
in.irgin of the belly have cirri, but there is none above the eyes. Spines
short and flat. Color in alcohol, above, chestnut brown, paler on sides,
yellowish below, the body everywhere covered with reticulating black
lines inclosing more or less nearly hexagonal areas somewhat smaller than
the pupil ; on the belly the lines become heavier, so that Poey's character of
••orange spots in a dark background" is not far wrong; an ocellated
black spot about the size of tlie eye above the pectoral, another behind it,
;ind 1 on each side of the dorsal; a black blotch on chin in front of the
row of cirri and another at each end. Cuba and Jamaica. Here described
from specimens taken at Kingston, {(tntillarum, of the Antilles.)

Cliilomycterut/uliginotus au species dubia .' 1'oey, Synopsis Peso. Cuba, 42D, 1868, Havana.
Chiloiiii/cterut aniillarum, Jordan & IIutter, l*ro(!. Ac. Nat. Sci. Thila, 1897, 131, Jamaica.
(Type, No. 5056, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mu8. Coll. Kev. J. S. Eoberta. )

. d:,-

yi

.■I . ; ■I'J

1750 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

iU\K CillLONYt'TEBI'K AXTKXXATIS (Cuvier).

SpiiK-H strong, Itiit Hbnrt; 2 abnvo tlio orbit, 1 luort) or less proiniiiuni
in tho nii«ldb« of tbo ibrrbt'iHl. .Siipcrciliury cdjjt" not iiiiscd; gem-rnily ,1
tcntiiclo bctwct'u tbr tsiiperciiiary spines. Tont.u'Ies iilony; lower part »il
Hide, 1 on each Hidu an<l in advant-e of anal liii Itring »8puciully din'tl-
op«Ml. Tail HpinclosH, but tb»^ roots of 1 pair of Hpini-a rt^at-bin^ across
lichind dorsal fin. A black s])ot in niid<IIcof nape; a large kidncy-sbapcil
spot nitovc pectoral, aiul a subtriangnlar blotch befo:'*^ and alou;> biisu 01
dorsal lin; generally a small black spot bel(»w eye; some or all of thesi
spots edgt^d with lighter; npper and lateral parts with nnnieronc biads
dots, some with a bluish ptipil; abdomen brown ; lins unspotted. Lengti;
8 inches. West Indies and southward; recorded from St. Croix, Jamaica,
Porto Rico, and the Capo of (Jood Hope. Not socn by us. {anhnnalux,
having I'eelers. )

IHodon antennatuM, Ci'ViEU, Mt'in. Miis., iv, llll, j)!. 7, 1H18.
Cliilomiieteni»])>invticulatii», I'oEY, Anal. Hist. Nat.,.'J4(l, 1881, Porto Rico.
Chilumyctcrui antennatus, Kaui', AVicjjm. Arcliiv 1855, 23iii UUntueu, Cut., vni, Jll, 187(i.

Subgenus CHILOMYCTERUS.
21G0. ClIILONYCTKItllS AT1>'»A (Linntsus).

;:ii

(AriNiiA.)

Head 2^; depth 2 J. D. 12 or 13; A. 12 or 13; P. 12; C. 10. Spines very
short, compressed, Avith long, strong, flat, ridged roots, tho auteritir loui
the longest; supraocular cirrus avcH (leveloju'd. Forehead flat, without
spine. Three fc«'blo supraorbital spines, tho inner root of tho foremost
overlapping frontal bones. Nostrils in front of orbit. Generally 2 osseous
stripes across back of tail, behind dorsal fni ; abdominal ossilications nearly
as much developed as those on back ; 8 in a longitudinal series nearest to
median line of back. Body and fins mostly covered with small round
black spots; a large black blotch before and around dorsal; another on
each side above gill opening and pectoral ; sjtots of the ba<rk more or less
ocellated, and of the size of the pupil; those of tho tins much smaller.
W«'st Indies, north to Bermuda and Florida Keys, common southward ;
readily known by the spotted tins, (atiiiga, a Portuguese name of the
species in Brazil.)

Orbis muricatus et reticulat.us, Listku, in "Willughby, llistoriiiPisciuiu, 155, pi. i, IS'o. 7, lair,
IC86, uo locality.

Ostracion subrotundus aculcii undique brevihug triijuetrit rarin, Aktkdi, Genera, 59, IT.iX,
descrijition from a sijocinien seen iu the Greuu Dragon at Stepney, presunmbly of tliis
Bpecies, as Lister is (ptotetl iu the .synonymy, and his figure is characteristic.

Oitracion bidfns sphcerints aculeis undiijne Uensis trlquetris, Autedi, Genera, 50, 17:JS,
based on a specimen in the collection of Soba at Anisterdara " Jrtacttte nigrce lata, ad
2>inna8 et caudani; " reference in synonyniy to Atinya alter minor orbicularis, Listei:,
in 'Willughby, Ilistoria Piscium, 155, 1086, which seems to be Chilomyctems tpinosus.

IHodon attnj/a (misprinted atringa), LiNNiKCs, Syst. Nat., ¥:A. x, 334, 1758, India,- after
Oitracion bidcns sptiwricus of Abtedi ; not of most lat«r authors.

ill'

IIk.

li!'

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fisfies of North America. VITA

[)r<)inineiil
euoiiilly ,1
«'!■ part 111
illy lUivtl-
iiijj; across
«'y-Hliap(ii
uj> biisc of
11 of th.s.

«HU blue Is

. Leiijitli
, Jamaica,

III, ;J11, 18711.

IHodnn reticuUituK, LiNN.KUH, SyHt. Nat., Kd. x. :i;n, 17.08, India : after OHtracInn tuhrutuiuHii,

utc.AuTKiti; (iCNTiiKii, Cat., VIII, ;ti:i, 1«70.
■ liilomycteruM rHiculatug, JoitOAN A (iiMiEBT, Hyiio|miH, OtlO, 1H8.'I.

2170. UillLOMYCTKItrH CALII-'OitMKNKIS, Ki;;nniiiuiiii.

No t.('Uta<'l('Haiiy wiiiTc. SpincHofhack all low, those of lV<mto»|)e»ially
(>, iiicruaMin^ in size toward lu-ily whcro tlusy heroine imich lar^for tiiaii
I lioso of hack. .No spiiio ou iiiiiUllo (»f forehcatl. A spine at upper ant«>rior
initio ul' orhit; 1 ahovo, HOiiiewbat hcliiiid its iiiidtlle; 1 slightly behind
and nhovi^ its npper posterior anjjie; another hallway between the last and
I he upper anjirle of pectoral, and another before and a litth^ above the
upper margin of pectoral. lUne abov«!, white below; forehead and bases
i'\' all the fins with Hiiiall (/,; in.) dark spots, fewer on anal; back densely
coven'd with short streaks or bars, which become larger spots on sides; a
low r«)un«l dark spots (:j^ inch in diameter) on belly; spots below eye larger
than those on fondiead, similar in si/e to those on caudal peduncle.
Length 9i inches. San Pedro, California. (Eigciiuiaun). Apparently
very rare; only the type known.

iliilomyeteruH cali/oitiiinns^ Kkiknmann, Amor. Nat., V, 1891, 2."), 1133, San Pedro, Cali-
fornia. (Coll. C. II. Eigminiann.)

ipines very
[terior root
without
foreni(»st
2 o.sseous
ons nearly
earest to
all round
uother on
ore or lews
smaller,
uthward ;
me of tho

I, No. 7, fair.

;ra, 59, 17:is.

lably of tills

tie.

ra, 51), 17U8,

jrce latce, ail

ris, LiSTEii.

ipinosux.

ndia; after

685. LYOSPHiERA, Evennann A Kendall.

Liioiphatray Eveumann & Kendall, ISiill. V. S. Fish. Coinm. 1897, 131 (ijlobom).

This genus is distinguished from Ch'domyvtvrutt by its armature of flat-
tish, papery or cartilaginous plates to whicli are attached minute hair-like
]iapilLe. The nostril, as in Diodon, is undivided and has li latei-al open-
ings. {XvGO, to loose, i. e., lax, llabby; (5>(>'.xipa, sphere, ball.)

2171. LYOSPH.ER\ CaiOBOSA, Kvennaiiii & Ki)iidiill.

Mead 3^; depth 1|; eye 3^ in head; snout 1. D.ll; A. 4. Form oblong
ovoid; head broad, interorldtal space slightly convex, broad, its width
i.i, in head. Dorsal and anal far back, each separated from the caudal by
a space etjiial to | diameter of eye, vm-\\. very small, the anal rays scarcely
distinguishable; pectoral broad and short, about 20 rays, the length less
than interorbital width. Tooth of each jaw scdid and continuous. En-
tire body sparsely covered with minute hair-like appendag*', or very
liexiblc dermal papilhe, these very short (;,\t inch long), appearing to be
2-rooted, and attsiched to Hattish, papery or cartilaginous plates. Nostril
in a short papilla with 2 lateral openings and no division at tij). Ground
rolor yellowish white, this <'olor regularly broken up into numerous round-
ish or hexagonal spots by a network of dark brown, the width of the
lirown spaces being usually h'ss than :J: the diameter of tho spots which
are smallest on back and top of head ; a villous papilla in the center of each
s])ot. Length of typ«' 1| inches. Atlantic coast of the United States;
known from the mouth of the Rappahannock River and from Biscayne

s

,#.

f-

H

1

iiii

1752 DuUdin //, United States National Museum.

May, Kloridit. Tlio 2 Bpt*ciinenH from th« Uiip|talmiino(k ajjiw '"loHoly in
color, but the 1 from (.'iipu Florida, wliich iiitpoarH to ho ii yoiiugur intii
viduul, ditiurs from thorn Homewhat \\\ color. It may bii dt-Hcribod .is
bein^; ]>alo yellowiMli white, with about 50 narrow dark-brown or Idac.K-
ish ringN or circles, each iiicloHiug a cirnilar spot of tlio pale yellowiNli
white, thcHe circleu HiiialluHt on the back and not touching each oth( i
aiiywh«>re; on the belly they are distant from each other a distance aboiii
equal to their own diameter. It seems that as tho lish grows older thcst'
dark rings ajiproach each other and tinally unite to form the reticulations
seen in the 2 other specimens. Wc were at first disjHJsed to regard these
specimens as being tlio young of some known species, or possibly Triclio
(CiodoH piloHus* (Mitchill), but an examination of Do Kay's figure t show,-
that they can not bo Mitchill's species. It is ei|ually apparent that tliey
can not be Cuvier's Diodon nspert or Giinther's Trkliocijlus crlnaceua^.
(Evermann &, Kendall.) (t/loboHus, sidierical.)

Lijoaphtrra globom, Eveumann & Kendai.i., Hull. l'. S. Fish ("oiiini. 1897, KM, jtl. 9, tigs
11 1111(1 12, Rappahannock River, near mouth of Windmill Creek, Virginia. ('I\vii<',
No. 48704, U. S. Nut. Mu». Coll. Evermann Jt Konilull.)

Family CLXXV. :M0LID.E.

(The Hkai»-i isiiks.)

Body oblong or more or less short and deep, compressed, truncate behind,
so that there is no caudal peduncle. Skin rough, naked, spinous, or tes-
sellated. Mouth very snuill, terminal ; teeth completely united in each Jaw .
forming a bony beak without median suture, as in the Diodontidw. l)«)rsal
and anal fins similar to each other, falcate in front, the ]M>sterior parts
more or less perfectly contluent with the caudal around the tail; uo spi-
nous dorsal; uo ventral fins; pelvic bono undeveloped; pectorals present.
Belly not inflatable; gill o])ening8 small, in front of pectorals; an acces-
sory opercular gill; no air bladder. Fishes of the open seas, ai)parentiy
composed of a huge head to which small fins ar«- attached. Cienera 8, spe-
cies about (), found in most warm seas, pelagic; in habit, and reaching a
very large size. The very young are variously shortened in form and
armed with spines. These have been often regarded as a di.stinct genus
(MolacatithuH). The flesh in these fishes is coarse and tough, and they are
not used as food. ( Gymnodontea, group JiloHna, Giiuther, Cat., viii, 317-320,
1870. )

MoLIN.B :
a. Body suborbiciilar, not twlco as long as deep; skin thick, rougli, gristly, without
hexagonal plates. Mola, 68ij.

RANZANUNvK:

art. Body oblong, about twice as long as deep; skin sniootli, tessellated, witli sniootli
hexagonal plates. IIanzania, fi.ST.

* THodon pilotvt, MlTCmfJ-, Trans. Lit. and Phil. .Soc., A^>l. i, 1815, 471, pi. 6, tig. 4.
I Do Kay, N. Y Fanna: Fislies, ItaO. j)!. .OD, fig. 180, 1842.
; IHoiIii'h atper, CuviKK, Mem. du Museum, iv, 1818.
§ Giiuther, Cat., vu, aiG, 1870.

_^js^««i?:^=^!^-

' '

Jordan and Evermatin, — Fishes of North America, 1753

Itmoly ill
;er iiuli
i'il»0(l ;is
r ItlucK
ellowisli
I'll otbt I
I'O ulmiii
Icr thesis
'uliitions
.1(1 thosf
y Tricliu-
at Bhows
that tliey
inaveua vV

1>1. », tigs,
ia. (Tvjir,

to behind,
us, or tcs-
1 each jaw,
Dorsal
rior parts
; no spi-
s present,
iin acces-
parcntly
3ra 3, Bpo-
eachiuj; a
form antl
I't genus
they arc
, 317-320,

Jly, without
IMOLA, 681!.

ith smootli

IZANIA,087.

le, fit;- •!•

686. MOLA, {"nvler.

(IIead-ki.siiks.)

\!(ila, UrviKH, Talileim filt'iii. liiHt. Niit. Aniiiiaiix, IIJIl, 171W {rotiinda - mola).
<>ithniiii>ri)iviiii, Bi.ocii, Sy«l. li'htli., .Sflmciilt!!' K<l.,5I0, 1801 (luvla) ; iiiiHi)riiit for OHhtujit-

rincxii. '

I ,-phalut, Shaw, ( iencrnl Zoolojjy, v, 2, 43a, 1804 (uiolit).
I uthmiiun, JiAi'i.sK8(iUK, (Jarutt. Ale. Niiov. (ien. e Nuov. Sp. Aiiini. « IMaiilo doUa Sicilia, 17,

1810 {Iniut mola).
IHlilaitcliia*, KAKiNKS(iUE, (,'aratt. .Vic. Niiov. Gen. e Nuov. 8p. Aiiiiii. e I'iaiilo di 11a Slcilin,

17, 1810 (namii—mola).
TiimiKiiiomium, Ua.nzani, Novi Conini. Ac. Sci. Itonoii., v, ;i, )il. after ]•. 81, 18;i7 (yttanei.^

mola).
TiiuiatopHt, ItANZANi, N(»vi (Jomiii. Ac Sci. Honoii., v, 3, pi. after p. 81, IS'JT (irillinjhbeii —

mola).
(i:oilura, Kanzani, Novi Coinni. Ac. Sci. Uoiion., v, 3, pi. after \>. si, 1837 (ortiui mola).
I'nUtUiin (UuiLUiNO MS.) SWAINSON, Nat. Hint. aiidClass'ii KIhIios, i4c., V, 1, 101); v, 2, 105,

:!21), 1839.
.Uii/oH, Uastelnau, MC;m. sur roissonB Afri<iuo Aiist.,75, .'1800 (»toreri=^mola).

I.AUVAl. FolOIS.

Mtitacantlinx, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist, and Cla.'<s'n Fishes, etc, v, 2, 195, 329, 1839 {pallasi).
I'ttlldHia, Nahdo, Anu. Sci. Uc^no Liinibard., Venct., v, 10, 112, 1840 (iiallagi).
.1 cini/Z/osoma, 1)E Kay, New YorkFaiiiia: Fishes, 330, 1842 {ca linatnm) .
(nitauniM, IvAUi', Archiv, Natiirgest^li. 1855, i, 221 (hoops).

Hotly ovate, stronjily compressed, covered witli a thick, rou<;h, leathery,
ela.stio skin, which is without bony i)lates. Profile forminj? a projecting
llesliy nose above the mouth. Dorsal fin beginning not far behind pecto-
rals, short an<l high, falcate, confluent with the anal around the tail; no
liu'fie spines on the body. Clumsy fishes, found in most warm seas, reach-
ing a great size ; the yonng (Molacanihun) " Avith the body deeper, much com-
pressed, without trace of caudal fin, its place taken by a row of marginal
s})iiics. {molu, a millstone.)

2172, MOliA MOr.A (I.innieiia;.

(SCNKI-HU; llBAD-FISU; MOLA ; TkZ LUNA.)

Head 3; depth T?. D. 17; A. Ifi. Dorsal und anal tins high in front,
r.iiiidly decreasing backward, the height of each about 2.A in length of
body in adult; caudal fin low, with a wiVvy outline. Depth always more

The uoniiunl g^oniin ifola can thus, Swainson {Pallana, Nardo; Acanthoiioma. Do Kay)
liiis llius hi?eu detinwl: Body suborhicular, niucli coini)re8sed. doejter tiiaii long, covered
liv :i tliin silvery skin on ^vhich are nianv strong spines. Dorsal and anal tins hi^h and
Hliipit, not <'oiitliieut, the space on the tail between them occupied by a row of sniiill spines;
im interspinal bones for the support of the caudal ; pectorals moderate. Intestines short,
Willi l)ut 2 turns. These small tishcs were long {{enerally considered as the younji of
Mola. The researches of Prof. Frederick Ward i'utnam (Am. Nat., Dec, 1870) seemed to
sliow tiiat they were adult tisbes allied to Mola, careful comparisons having been made by
liiiii between Molacanthus and tlio younjtof J/of«. In a specially valuable paper "On the
iiii;;iu of heterocercy and the evolution of tiie tin.s and tin rays ot' fishes " (Kept. U. S. Fish
Cuiiiin. for 1884), the late Prof. John A. Kyder, of the University of Pennsylvania, has
caiifully discussed the relations of MolaccinUius to Mola. The researches of Professor
Rviler leave no doubt that Molaeanthnit is simply a post-larval piiase in the devehipmeiit
of Miila, as was supposcil by Liitkon, Steeiistrup, and Giintiier. According to Uvder, the
c.irliest forms of Mola (corresiiondiug to the form called Ostracion boops by Uichardson)
will 1)0 found to have a distiuut tail.

3030 33

I? |t'

m

1

17r»4 Ihdktin ^7, United States National Museum.

tliiiii \ length, iiihI in t)io yoiin^ tho Vfitical <liaiiift»r uxcucdiiijL; tli'
loi);;itu(linaI. Form viiryiii); iniich with \\\i\\ tho budy Uucoiiiiiif; iiioii'
«lungiite, tlio tiiiH «-oiii]ianitiv<'Iy Hhortor, the («yo iniKh Hiunller, uiul 1
hiiiiip being (It'vdopud iibovo the month, top|)e<l Ity an oHHitoiin tubeK li .
Dark gray; sides grayish brown, with silvery relleetionM; holly dii,si<\ ;
a liroad blaokiHli bur viinning along the baNos of the dorHal, caudal, iiml
anal linH. I'elagic, inhabiting most tt^niporate and tropical nouh, Hwin
niing Hlowly altoiit, near the Hiirface, the high dorsal ub'ovr the Nurtiu c.
Common northward to Kngland, (JapeC'od, and iSan FrarM-isoo; rare in tlm
Wettt Indifs. It reaches a weight of HOO to l,r><)0 poiindH. The largest
specimen known t«> us was takrn at Kedondo Itcach, Calilbrnin, in ,)niii>,
Wd'Af and nH)nnt(<d by Mr, T. Shooter, of Los Angeles. ThiH was 8 feet '1
inches hmg an<l weighed in life 1,800 jioiinds. The I'acilii^ Ocean form.
which ranges from San Franci8<o to Mazntlan, Keems to bo fnlly identic il
\i\i\\ Mola nuAa, (Eu.) (}»o/u, a niillstono.)

Tetrodunmnla, Li.NN.Kfs, Syst. Nat., Kd. x,ay4, 412, 17B8, Mediterranean; aftor Ostraifn

eatlietoplatrnt nubrotundiit, Aii'i'ii:i>i, (leiioru, 61, 1738.
Tetroiliin liiiif, LAcrii'i.DK, Hist. Nat. PoIhu., i, fioO, 171I8.

Miiln aciili'dla, KoLBEri kk, Nov. ('omiii. I'ntroiiol., x, l"(Mt, ;137, i>l. 8, llfj.s. 'J ami 3.
OrtUrnijorixr.uKhinnihig, Wunu \ ScHNEnn:n, S.vst. Iclitli., 511, 1801.
OrlliragoritetiK itr Luna 2>itcig, Ito.MiEl.KT, Du IMhc!'>iih, 424.
JHodun earinatu*, AlncHiLi-, Ann. Lye. Nnt. Hist. Now York, n, 1815, 204, pi. 6, fig. 1, New

York.
Afanthosiim* carinatvm, De Kay, New York, Fauna: Finlies, ;i30, jil. ,'>."), llg. 170, 1842.
Mola rotunda, Cuv'eb, Tableau Kloni. Nat. UiHt., 323, 1798; attM Tetrodon mola, Linn.ki>.;

Jordan it Gilhkut, Syiu>i>8iH, 8(1.''>, 188?.
OrthaptirUai* viola, ItLOCii ciinhideu, .Syst. lelitli., 510, 1801.
Orthmjorucus /atciatun, IJlocji ifc Scmneideh, Sy.st. Iclith.,511, 1801.
Cfjihalit* brcinn, Shaw, On. Zooloj^y, v, 437, pi. 175, 1804.
('pphaliis 2>allasianu», Smaw, Gen. Ztiol., v, 440, 1804.
OrthanoritcuH ipino/nti,CvyiEn, lU'fjne Anim., 1817.
dephaluD oitha!iori»cu§, Kisso, Eur. Merid., Hi, 173, 1826.
Ozodvra orsini, Kan/.an'i, Nov. Coiiini. Ae. Sci. Inst, liunon., ill, 82, 1839, Mediterranean

Sea; llAN/A.M, I.e., pi. 0, 1839.
Tijinpanotniiim planei, Kanzani, I. c, table, 1830, Adriatic Sea.
IMplanehiaK namm, IJa.nzani, I. c, table, " in niurei HicuI6."
Tremntopitin n'illwjhei, 1!an/.ani, I.e., table, in oceano.
Orthragorincvt ri'tiii, Hanzani, I. c, table, no locality.
()rthragon»cuH ghini, Kanzani, 2. c, table, Mediterranean Sea.
Orthragoritcus rondeletii, JIanzani, I.e., Mediterranean Sea.
Orthragontcua hlocldi, Kanzani, I. c, "in marl oceano."
Orthragorigcns alcxandrini, Hanzani, I.e., Adriatic Sea.
Ortli ragorhcus redi, Kanzani, I.e., Mediterranean Sea.
Orthragoriscus oculeatun, Hanzani, I.e., no locality.

Orthragoriscvs lunarit, OUONOW, Cat. FishCB, Ed. Gray, 105, 1854, Mediterranean Sea.
OrthragoriscuK Solaris, Gronow, Cat. Fislies, Ed. Gray, 165, 1854, Mediterranean Sea.
(Mhragoritcvs elegans, Hanzani, I.e., Atlantic Ocean.
Orthragoriicvs hattarm, Ranzani, I.e., Adriatic Sea.
Aledon storeri, Castelnau, Poiss. Afr. Austr., 75, 76.
Alcdoa eapcnds, Casteijjau, I.e.

Pallasia pallaii, Nahd J, Ann. So. Regno Lombard. Venet., X, 112, 1840.
Orthagoriseus analis, A yres, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., II, 1854, 31, Hg. 54, San Francisco.
Mola nasiii, Steenstrup &. LI'tken, Overs. Danak. Vid. Solsk. Forh., 36, 1863.
Mola rctzii, Steenistruc & LCtken, I. e.
1 Orthagoriteun, sp., Swinhoe, Ann. &. Mag. Nat; Hist., xii, 1863, 225.

T'

Jordan and F.vcnnann. — F/s/trs of North Anwrica. W\Vi

i)ttliniijiii-i*oiiii ti:iiduia, llMiTiNii, Vitrhuiul. Ak. U >■{. AiiiHlord., I 4H, \>U. I H, \MH.
iiitiiifiiiii hitiiiit, KiciiAiiiiHiiN, Voy. l''.r»l)iiH A Ti-rror, 1< liili., WS, 1MJ4, South Atlantic.
I I'll ((I II ruN bvopi, KauI' (vi<ry yuiiu^ lurvu), An hlv. Niituru., 1, 1800, '£i\.

687. KANZANIA, Nanlo.

(l\lN«i <)l' Tlir. Ma( KKKKI.H.)
L'liiizania, Nauiio, Ann. Scl. It(i);ii. LotnhRnl. Vciict., V, Id, !().'>, 1840 (triinenluii).

Itoily oblong, Mio (le|ttli tiboiit ^ height; nkin Hiiiuoth, tfHMollatol,
ili\i(I«>il into Niiiull li»\aKonal Htiitolla; <Miu<iul truiivato; othurwiHt) UHHfii-
liiilly aH in .\fola, thu mi/u Hniallttr; tlio larval I'DiinH nnknown. I'fla^io.
(Niuneil I'ur Cuinillo Kan/ani, of ltolo;;ua, an oxcollent natnraliHt, who
wan le<l l*y the variati«>nM in tlio form o( MoUi to uu inoll'«-utiv<> Hubdivision
III' tbf HpucloH iutu numy genera.)

iftcr Ostraci'ii

1.5, lig. 1, Niw

Mediterranean

21i». UAM/AMA THI NtiTA (1M/,Iiih).

M.'iul not quite 3; depth ab<»nt 2. D. 1(5 to 19; I'. 12 or i:i; A. 19; C. 18
t(» '2'2. 15ody elongated «)vato with the sides coniprossed. Kye 2 to .'{ times
in snont; snout straight; niontli anterior and opposite renter of eye.
(iiiidal very short, its base straigiit, slightly oblique; dorsal and unal at
the *>xtremu end of dorsal and abdominal protilos and connected to the
caudal; pectoral somewhat pointed. Skin smooth and divided into small
luixagonal plates like nu>saic. Color: "Immediately before death the
(dlors were most brilliant, the back being of a dark purple, gradinilly
(Ircreasing in intensity to the belly, which was white with golden rellec-
tinns, the side marked with green lines on the ])urple; toward the tail
till re were several irregular white spots altout the size of a threepenny
|iii;ie; the dorsal, amil, and pectoral tins were of a pale lead color, hut
liii- raudal tin was nu)st brilliiint, being of a bright burnished silver, with
|ii ismatic retlecti(MiH, the rays tinged with purple, while between the rays
tlicre were keyhole-shapcnl markings, edgiid with gold, forming such a
luilliant combination of colors as is not easily innigined; luit this bril-
liiiiiry entirely vanished a few minutes after the death of the lisli, when
it assnmotl the dull-blue color of the lignre in Couch's Fishes of the IJrit-
isli Isles, which is exceedingly good, but might have been a few shades
iliirUer." (S. Clogg, Zool., 312, 1883.) Horlase's specimen was tiapple.
Npotted darker on the back, with streaks \ inch wide from eye to pectoral
(ill. (Day.) Si/o much less than that of Moht »i«/rr. the length about 2
left. Pelagic; occasional off our Atlantic coast; once taken on the Uer-
inudas. A related but ai)parently dillerent spt'cies * is occasionally taken

Tanzania »i((fc(/a, Jenkins. Tho following in the .substanco of Dr. Jtuikins's desfriii-
tiiiii (if tills .spcries:

■1). 17; A. 18; C. 19; P. M. Depth 21 in lenj,'th to basii of c.auilnl; liea(12;'i; oyo 0 in
lii'iid, 'JV in Hnoiit, Moily much coinpressi'il, thu ventral niar^rin a .iliarp, evenly curved
Kiel. Eye much above axirt of body, a littlu nearer Buoiit than base of iiectoral. Teeth
liiiiiiing a turtle-like beak, completely hidden by projeetinj^ folds of skin, which form a
ti'uiicated openiu^; to the tnoutli. tiill oiiening Just in front of upper ba»e of pectoral,
ciivered by a 21obed valve. Hody covereu by an armor of small jilatcs, more or Ichh hex-
iiLimiiil and concealed. Pectoral about IJ in head, above axin ot body; liei;{htof dorsal
iilidut equal to liead ; anal aii^htly lower; dorsal and anal each 8e|iarated from the caudal
li.v a notch. Color bright silvery on sides, np)ier parts dark; sides with brij;liter silvery
liMiiils, the first :i with distinct black borders, the next 4 with uuiuvroiis black spots, the
lihick margins appearing only on lower x)arts. DiUeriug from Jiatizania truncuta vhietly

t ;■;

I : :i

it J :

1, . f.

''9S'

1750 Ihdirliu ./7, United S/o/rs IVationaf Museum.

iilMMit tli<< llawiiiiiiii InIiiikIm, whtti'o \i In i-o(;iirilfl<l with voneratloii n« tlir
kill); III tlio tuiiiiiuH mill iiiurki-rilH. (Innivntim, <'itt oil Hbod.)

Tefruiloit triincafun, Hktxii'h, Vot. Ak. Nyii lliiiiill . vi,2, I Ifl, I7M&.

OrtlidiiiiiiiieiiK iihlomjin. Ill.ocil \ Si'MNKIiikk, S\Ht. Ichtliyul., 511, IMUl.

('I'liliitliiM iitiriut, HllAW, (ii'ii. Zool., V, VM>. IMl)4.

Cflihiiliin rlniiiialiiM, KiHHo, Kur. Mrrlil., ill, ITU, It^'M.

M'di iitiiHii, Nauix), III IVrimHitr, Miill..Si'i. Nut., .\iii,4:t7, 18J8.

CfliliitUit foehcnnii, 'I'liAliJ., Wiiriior. Mitiii., vi, IH31!.

Orthiijfiniii-uii tivneiilut, OdNTlllCK, Cut., Vlll, 'III), 1H70; I>av, FUli. (Jt. lirit., pi. 14U, 'JTD

IHHi.
liaiuixnia (riuttiutu, JuitUAN .V (ilUtUUT, HyiiuiMtlH, UUU, lUMII.

BulMMclcr I.()i:iCATl.»

mm

(TlIK MAIi. ('IIKKKED FlSIIES.)

ThJH (^roiip iH (liHtiiiKniNhcd by ii Hiii);lo |iuculiur rliiirart«r, tlio extoiiHidii
uf tiiu third Hiilxirhitiil Iioiiu iiitohh tho chuuk to or toward tht* ]>i-eo|>ri<'l( .
Fi'oni tilt' Craniomi, iin otlHhoot tVoiii the Hiiiiitt ^roiip, in whii-li thu dfvoloii
iiiriit of tlio Hiiborhitiil Htii.v in carrifd idik'Ii larther, the prrmtiit ^i'ou|i is
dlNtingiilHhud by thi- iioniiiil character tif thcHhoiiidiT ;;irdlo. Thu follow-
ing (Itiliiiitiuu of the Lorivati in given by Dr, Gill (i'roc. U. S. ^'ut. Mii^,
IMMH, 5S«>):

AcautlHiptvrj'KiaiiH with tli« Hciiimlar nrcli normnl, thn jiont-toniporal imil poMcin.
t<'iii)Kiriil t'liniilii;; pnit, anil tlio latti'.r iiitiTvi'iilu;; liittwriui tlii) iiimttcniiioi-al ami iln'
primvapula. Iiit'raorliital rliiiin witli all Iiimioh eiilt'iiii^^ into the orliilul iiiarf;iii anil I'iiik
tional, only |)ai'llall,v I'xtvnili'il omt tint I'hi'i'k; wllli IIik lliiril lionii liy|ii<rti'opliii'il ;iiic|
ilitvi'Io]ii'il U8 II Htay iinpiiiKlnt; on tin* anturior wall of tlio pi'i'iiporitiiliiiii; poHt-lrnipuijil
vMriinmly I'onniTtril with th« i-plotir anil ptiTittic; iutoriMaxilluriuH with wvll-dcvulopiil
inweiiilinc podicli'M kIIiUii^ ovit thi! front of tlio proHothinoiil,

In all othrr r«H|»o»'t8 thr giou|i is Hiibji'ct to groat variation. Coiicitii-
ing tliiH, Dr. tiill has the following uxci-lleiit diHriiHaion:

III view uf tlio wlilo ruiiKo of variation that linH boon tvliowu to be niniiil'eHtoil liy tlii>
varloiiM iiioinlM'rH of tlio ^loat ^roiip of mail rlioekoil IIhIioh it may lio lonsiiluroil that il I'.
not a natiirnl Kroiip. In ono hoii.io it Ih not. Thu ilitforoncoit aro rurtaiiily Hulliriciil Id
jiiHtify tlio Ho;{roKUlioii of itH ohimontH, not only into ii niimbur of faniilios but into ncmh
Hiiporfamilit'H. NovortlioloHH, tho lulationn hotwoon tlio varioim mombui'H aro Hiirli hh in
inilioato that tlioy form ii natural although miit'li-intorruptod sorioH, ami the {{ui.-h of
Cuvior Ih apparontly Ju.>itl<)eil liy a dutailoil oxamiiiation of tho anutoniy.

Thu iiioHt K''Uorali/.uil of tho niail-ciiookoil IIhIics ujipoar to bo tho Scorpa'noklea. Tlii'.tc
biivo tho gouoral foriuof orilinary tl«he« liku tho ScrraniilH, Spnriils, anil niimormiH otiicis.

iu tliu Hinaller oyo, in baviiig the oyo iilaoeil well above the mouth ami above tho iixi.s nl'
tho body, iu tlio°liigh pimition of the jioi'toral tin, in tho liiKhur dorsal and anal, ami in
tlio coloration. Known only from 1 Hpeoimon in L. S. Jr. Univ. Miih., '20 inolioH hm^'.
takou at tho mouth of I'uarl Harbor. Honolulu, by Mr. Iliol Kapu, and soiit to Stanrnnl
rnivoi'Hity by Mr. ('Iiarlott H. Wilson. (»(aA'i<a,*thu iiativo. namo of tho tisli, moaning
tho Hoiircu from which tho Bonito and the Albicoro Hpriin<; in agoH piiHt.')"

KamntiUi iiiahm, Jenkins, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., series 2, v, October 31, 1895, 780 to 784, u itii
oolorud ]dato.

* Called CataphracH on pa!'e781, \mt Luncati is tho earliest single word apiilied iisa
namo to this group. Dr. (iill riunarks: "Cuvior gave no latin name to tho ^JoveK itii-
raanees,' and it has neon atteniptod to roinody tho ili'foot by tho ]iroposal of various iiiuiii :<
involving the idea, o. g., Biic-.ie Lorlcatw (Mo^Iiirtrio, ISJti), Loricnti (Joiiyns, 181l.'>). I'm-
eiploindie and Parcuplitfe (Uichardson, 18H6), ('nnthileptfi (Swalnson, 18118), Catapli ladi
(Miillor, 1843), Schropavei (Gravenborst, 1845), Hclerogenidce (Owen, 184tJ), and Vataphiuc-
toidw (Cantor, 1850)."

w

Jordan and F.vennatni. — Fi.<iht's of S\>rth Anirnca. IT."*?

itlon nil the

I \Vl'll-lll!Vl)l()|M(|

II. Coiiccrii-

780to784, NNitli

i.ii'dloKy »)>«<> rorrohorittt'tt tlir ni'iircr ri'liilloiiNlil|i nt' iIiohi' tnrmn tn tho nnnnnl Aran-
<i|ilri°yulnli IIhIii'm. II'\vi> liiiik iiiikiiik iIidhi' iinrinitl rnriiiH lur I lii> iiriirt'Ml ii'IiiIIvi'm of tliti
i,..iil'i'li«<'kril Mslii'H, III till' |)r)<Hi>iil Mlair ii( our know li-ilui<, w« ii|i|M'ai' to mI UmiiI ii|i|)iiixI
r.itK lliti li'iitli III rliilinliiu liir tlii'in a iii'iircr r<<litliniiNlii|i with (liu ('lirltliU lliiiii iiiiy
,>ilii>rii. TIiIm view, liowi'vnr, Im Mlniply liypiitlii^llt'al, anil can not Im< coiiNlilt'ri'il to Ih<
, <t;il)liHh<'il iinlll wi< lim;oiiut l)«lti>r uri|iialiili'<l wllti llii' anatomy of tlii' xiirloiiM iiii'IiiIhtii
,. (lie Hiilioi'ilt'i- Ariinlhi'iitiTiiifii. Wlilcli of tho Sinriiifnuiitm aii' tiio iiiohI Kcnrrali/.i'd i«

I 'iiolit (lilllrtilt i|ll)'Htloli to ailMWrr.

Ill Moiiio ri'NportM tho ('liiriiN, or lloxauriininililM, »)>puar to lio niornK*Miornlir.iMl Ihiiii tho
S' orpti'lililM. 'l'h<<y ui'o Iomm arnii'il witli HpiiirM tliaii llio otiirr t'i>pritm<iiti>l|vi>Hof tlin ({roiit
Miiiiip of iiiiill'chiiKktMl tUlii'M, unil, what is mIIII iiiorr Hii'iilMtiint. thr illrhoHt or liiiHi
^|iiii iiolil Ih iiiori' ili'Vi'Iopi'il anil approarhxH in I'onn that rxiuiplilli'il In tiii' nnriiial Aiitii-
iKxpli'i-yuiaiiH; iiovi'rth(>l(>MH, till' parii'liil lioiii'NroiiviT^i' loA'anl Iho front mo dm toalimiHi,
ll not i|iiit<<, toiii'h ov<>r tlii' front of tlin Hiipraorripitino. 'I'lii' paniKphi'iioiil hi'IiiIm i'Ioii-
|r:iii'il proi't'HHXM tipwarit to nii'ot fornrnpomllnu proroH.m^H of tlui HiililrrtalM or orhitimplu''
iioIiIh. In lioth of thi'Mo cliaractorH tln-y ilcvial)' froni Iho SrorpiciiiilN ami approach tlio
ImiiIiIh. Kim- thirt rciiMon. thcrofuro, they ai'o placttil iiftor the ScorpirnlilH ami licforc
llii' ('ottlilM. Tiio coinparativt'ly Hll;;ht valiio of the iipproxiiniition or ^4l'pllratlon of Iho
|i,ii li-talM lliim appi'ara ami ilcmonMtralo.t that It Ih liiailviHahlo to Hcparato wiiluly groiipH
.11 I'liiltlint; each other in ho many chiiraotcrM liocauHo of hihIi ilitl'i'i'i'iicox.

\n cloiiKiitu HpiiioiiH portion of the iIoi'miiI tin ami an inviu'Hely Hhort rityeil portion aro
ili^i'lopoil in till lleniltripteriilM ; iieverlheleHM, tliime lisheH a):r<Mi in iiioHt imteoloulcal an
\M II ar* inoHt external cliaractorH witii the (!ottiilM; consei|iieiitly. the iiiniiiliiralncHH of

II moving them far lyuiii the CottiilH anil aHsociating tliom witii tlie Scorpa'iiidH, ax well
at iliohlii;lit value of tho relativo iiroportionH of the gpinouH nud raycil |iortlons of llio

ilmsal (III, liecoiiieH eviilellt.

'I'lie osleolo){ical characters of the IMatycophnliils anil Ifo)illchthyiil>i aro impprfoctly
Uiown, ami it reinaiim (or future iiiveHtigation todetonntne what are tlioir exact rolatluii-
sliipH anil cliaracti^riNticH.

riie TiiglldH and I'orlntediids depart very widely from tho otlior tfroups, as will lieconio

III riaftcr nianifost ; hut, notwitlmtandini;. tlieir relationHhipH apiiear t > he inoro iiitimato
\s iili the |{(*nerali/.cd inailchfloked llHheH than with any oth<>r (.'roup.

'I'lio Uaiitylopteridf* depart still more from all other IIsIioh than ilo tho Tfiiilnlilffi. AVe
liMiU in vain, however, for any nearer relation of thoHo lislieH than the Triiiloidi'a, nuil
i'iiii-ii'i|iiniitly it may lio aHHiinied that they are thu derivatives fruiu a typo from which
Ihi- TrijisHdH have least dlver;;eil.

Inline, tlio relatioiiHliips of tlie varioiiH familion of niail-clieeked Halios, In tho present
stiiic of our kiiowludgo, may h(> oxproHsed in the following; ;;cnealo);ical tree, in which the
lili liand liranch in ouch cano reproHents tho more Kenerali/ed ty|M<ot' each pair;

Cirritidio
Caracanthidio 1 {

•s

*

8

a

SI

s

a

{lorica, a cuirass.)

a

wo
'E
H

Q

— ,

W

si

u

r^

V

«3

TS

^

*J

>»

ft

M

e^

Q

C -v.

} i

It j '

■'' t-v- .1 - ! ;

.11.11

<Wjif!i|iyii^NJM!^»l«"^^'P»!»",'

1758

fiullcthi /7, United States National Afnseiim.

m

%■■■

Families ok Loricati:
a. Myodiiiiic' nioro or loss di!velope<l.

6. I'oHt-tciMiionil bil'iu'cnto nad coniiuctod with tlio craniuin by its processes in
iiorinul iniiiiiiur.
c. IJody and hoad co!n])ross<!d or moderately doprossed.t

d. Actiiiosts iiioderato and inserted on poHlorior edges of hyporcnraroiil

and liypocorucoid ; ribs, typically, b(>"ne on enliirged paraiiopliyscs.

e. Gills .'1^ or 4, tbo slit behind t)ie Inst gill small or wanting; spinous

dorsal well devcloi>ed J anal witli ;i strong spines, fliefin ratlicr

short; body covered with scales; a siiight lateral line; top of

liead more or less armed; vertebric rather few, 2S to 31.

ScomvKNiD.i';, ('i,xx\ i.
ec (Mils 4, with a large slit behind tbo fourth; l)ody «'.overed wiili
small scales ; cranium unarmed ; dorsal r.ud anal fins elongali ;
vcrtebrir numerous, more than HO.
/. Nostrils normal, the posterior well developed.

Anoi'i.oi'omatid.k, rr.xxvn.
ff. Nostrils single, tlie posterior represented by a small pme
* •^ well beliiiid the ctiier and not funcHonal.

IlEXA(il(AMMII)vF., ri,XX\ III.

dd. Actincsts largo and partly intervening between th« byi)<;ro(ira('oi(l
and the bypocoracoid ; ribs sessile on the vertebrie ; vertebi ;r
numerous, 30 to 50 j no anal spines ; body not nnifornilj* scaled.

COTTID.i:, C'l.XXIN.

66. Po."t-temporal expanded and connected with the cranium by an exteiisho
liiiture.
(J. Anna subraedian; ventrals subabdoniinal; gill openings very small ; exo-
skeleton developed as spinH'orin prickles; head excessively large.

ItHAMl'IlOCOTTID^T.;, CI.XXX.

rig. Anus thoracic; ventrals subbrachial; gill opening moderate; exoskeli-
ton developed as plates arranged in about 8 longitudinal rows; spi-
nous dorsal short or wanting. Aqonid^k, ci.xxxi.
DisconoTi:
aa. iMyodomo completely wanting; ventrals completely united, forming a round sink
ing disk, wliicli i.s rarely obsolete; spinous dor.<«aI little developed.
/(. Body cavity elong.ate; c.'.udal region sliort. Cycloi'tekid-E, ci.xxxii,
hh. Uody cavity short; caudal region elongate; skin smooth.

LlPAItlDID.K, CI.XXX III,

Family CJLXXVI. SCORP^ENIDiE. t

If

(The Rock-fisiiks.)

Body obloiif?, more or less compressed, the head laige, and with one or
more pairs of ridges above, which usually terminate in spiiios. ()por( le

*Myodomo r>r muscular tube, "a chamber for tl?e rectus nnisclcs of the eye. Tliii is
isolated from the brain cavity by thi; development of a platform from the ba.siocciiiiia)
continuous wit li liori'/.ontal ridges or slielves divergivig Irom the inner walls of the lud
otic bones and meeting along tii« middle, thus con.stituting a roof for the muscular eh;iiii
ber ind a Hoor for tl:e cranial cavity." (Gill.)

tHody and head rnucli dc]»ressed in tlic family of Platycephalidm and its n^laiivc^.
group.s'not represented in the Westei'ii lleniis|>here. Two si)ecies of /'?a<j/c«^</i((^'»' lia^'
been erroneously ascribed to the region under consideration. Those are mentioned mi
page 2028.

J T!i<i original draft of the account of this family is contributed by Mr. Frank Craim r:
to this numerous additions have been made bv tlie present authors. Some, of the dcsn i|i-
tions are adapted from those in Jordan & tiilbert's Synopsis Fishes N, A. All t'.u-*''
have been v-eritied on now material.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North Amcnca. 1759

processes ill

round suck

D,K, CIA'XXll.

.K, Cl.XXXIlI,

usually with 2 HpiiioiiH processes ; proopercle with 4 or 5. Mouth terminal,
usually large, with villiform terth on jaws and vomer, and usually on the
l)alatiucs. I'reniaxillarius protractile; maxillary broad, without stipple-
mental hone, not slipping under preorhital. Gill openings wide, extending
forward Itulow; the gill membranes separate and free from the isthmus;
itsually no slit behind the fourth gill. Scales ctenoid, or sometinifs
cycloid, usually well developed, sometimes nearly obsolete. Lateral liui*
single, continuous, concurrent with the back; a narrow bony stay extend-
ing backward from the suborbital toward the preopcrcle. N'entral lins
thoracic, of the normal percoid form, I, 5, the rays branched; dorsal lln
continuous, sometimes so deeply notched as to divide it into 2 parts, with
H to 1() rather strong spines and about as many soft rays ; anal rnther short,
with 3 spines and 5 to 10 soft rays; soft rays in all the lins liraiuhed,
ixcci)t some or all of rays of the pectorals; pyloric cicca in moderate oi-
small number (less than 12). I'sendobranchiie large. Air bladder usually
present. Actinosts moderate, inserted on the posterior edges of hypercora-
coid and hypocoracoid ; ribs borne on enlarged pleurapophyscs. Post-
temporal bifurcate, noi i.ially connected ; niyodome mon; or less dovel()])ed.
(ienera about 30; species about 250, inhabiting all seas, but especially
abundant in the temperate parts of the Pacific Ocean, where they form a
large proportion of the tish fauna. They are nonmigratory fishes livin;;
about rock^. Moat of them are of large size, and all are used as food.
Many of them are viviparous, the young being produced in great numbers
wlien about i inch in length. (Trujlidw, group Scorpwninu, GUnthor, Cat.,
II, 95, 1860.)

SkHASTIN/E :

a. Dorsal spines more than 12; vortebrin more thun 10+ 14.

6. Dorsal spines 15 or 16; vertebra) about 12 1-19; palatine tp<th prosent; lnjl nP
bead acaly, scales ctenoid,
c. Anal III, 7 or 8; pectorals long, narrow ; vertebral 12 (- 19^ 111.

Seiustes, 088.
cc. Anal 111, 5; pectorals with lower rays broadened or proloug.id into liiigui-
form lobe ; vertebra) 11 + 18 =; 29. Bkh ASTOLOUUS, 089.

66. Dorsal spines 13 or 14 ; vertebra) 12 -t- 15 = 27.

d. Talatine teeth present. Skhastodes (HI >.

dd. Palatine teeth none. Sebastoi'SIS, 091.

Hit. Dors.il :ipines 12; vortebrsc 10 + 14 — 24.

e. I'al.itine teeth present; anal r;iys usually HI, 5.

/. Bones of head scarcely cavernous ; occiput with 2 pairs of splne.s ; scales
ctenoid or provided witli dcrutul (laps.
y. P£,"t'"'nl with some of its median rays more or less branched.

h. Scales on top and sides of licad (Ctenoid; cranium much .is in

Sebastodes, tlie armature moderate. IlELicoLKNt's, 092.

hh. Scales on top uud sides of head cycloid oi' wantinj?; craniinn

■with many spines. .S( oju'/E.va, 093.

gg. Pectoral rays iiU simple; head more or less sc ily, the scales ctenoid.

PONTINl h, 094.

ff. liones of heatl with large muriferous cavities; occ-'put with only 1 pair of
spines; scales cycloid ; pectoral rays 20 or mor ); head s<'alele88 above ;
no groove at occiput; some of the pectoral rays branclied.

SETARCHES, 095.

r \

iti

i

^ ;

|-

m

i

HI

17()0 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

688. SEBASTES, Cuvier.

(RcvsE-l-'ISHKS.)

MniHlii, i'riif.fi, Mum- Animal, FA, 2, Vol. ii, lOti, 1829 {ni>rvegica—7)ittrliius).
ICiisebattes, SAdy/LUi',, Noiiv, Arfhives Mus. Paris (2) i, 187m, 1421 (noi-vej/icuii).

iJody !)l»loiig, coi/iprfiiseil. lload large, scaly iibove and on sides; era
iiial ri.lg<'S well <l< v»lii|>ed. Month teriiiiiu;i, very broad, ol»li(|ne, tlic
Inoad short maxillary extending t<> below the t'yo; lower j.iw projecting;,
with a liony Itnob at the symphysis, fitting into a rostral notch; villirorm
teeth on jaws, vomer ajid pulatines. Kyc very large, close to npper ]iro
file; preopercle with 5 diverging sjiines, opercle with 2; 8upra.scai)ni.ir
spines strong; gill rakers long, slender. Scales small, ctenoid, irregniariv
arranged J no dermal liaps. Dorsal tin contiiiuouB, very long, the spinons
part nch longer than the soft part, of ITi stionu: sjiines; anal spines If,
atron^ caudal emarginate; pectorals long, narrow, Uranehiostegals 7,
Vertebra: 12 -j- 19 = 31. Coloration mostly red. Ovoviviparous. (tne
species known, in the North Atlantic. (6ffia6r6c, niagnilicent.)

2174. SKHASTKS MAItlM'N ( Linuii'ns).

(ROSEFIS 1 ; liEDKISIl; SNAI'I'KH; IlEJnirilOAN.)

Tie.-iil 3; depth 2}. D. XV, IH; A. 111,7; lateral line 40 (tnbes); scaloH
abontSo. Hody ovate; back elevated, thn ventral outline straightish ; loji
of head evenly scaled; interorbital space with 2 low ridges, between
which it is concave; nasal spines present; cranial ridg(>s moderate, ratliei
low and sharp, the spines sharji; preocnlar, supraocular, postociilar,
tympanic, and parietal ridges present, the latter with the tips abruptly
divergent and with parietal ami nu-hal spines; suprasca])ular spines very
sharp and prominent ; opereiilar spines long ami sharj) ; snbo])er('niar spine
])romincnt; preopercular spines slender and sharp, the second longest;
suborbital stay close under orbit, not reaching preopercl'j; preorbital nar-
row, with 2 spines. Eye exceedingly hirge. 3 in heiid, more than twice as
wide IS interor))ital space. Mouth very large, obliijiie; maxillary very
broad, reaching middle of eye, its length 2^ in head; premaxillaries on
level of middle of pupil; tip of lower Jaw much projecting, with ii ( on-
spicuons, pointed symphyseal knob; mandible and maxillary scaly;
pceudobranchiu! very large; gill rakers long, stiH' and strong. Dorsal
spines sharp, the longest about as long as eye, the fin deeply emarginate, the
soft rays not very high, higher than tht; spines ; caudal narrow, moderately
forked; anal spines moderate, graduated, the second a, little shorter than
eye; ]»cctoral rather long, reaching vent, its base narrow, some of the
upper rays divided ; ventral reaching to vent. Scales small, irregular, not
strongly ctenoid. Orange red, nearly uniform, sometimes a dusky oper
cular blotch, and about 5 vague dusky bars on the back; peritoneum
brownish. Length 1>< inches. North Atlantic, abundant oa both coasts,
especially northward; recorded from the north and westcoas'^f of Europe
to the Hritish Channel, rare sonth of the Faroe Islands; / .ctic Ocean,
Spitzbergen ; Iceland, Greenland ; a shore fish as far south as Main", south-
ward iu deejter waters, as far as off coast of middle New Jersey. Accord-

Jordan and Evcnnann, — Fishes of North America. 1761

injj to (ioode »fe Heau it breeds ahundantly olV the south coast of Now
I'lii^litnd in lato aiiuuner Itetweeu 100-180 i'uthonis and there is no reason
to helieve th.at the yoiui}; rise 1o the surfuoo; the fry were caught by
tlie bushel at theso dupthH. (\nn\inna\ marine.) An iniportiint food-lish
lieiiutifully colored. (Eu.)

Vircn matina, LiNNVf;u8, Syst. Nat., Kd. X, I, 290, 1758, Xorway; Artctli's rofeicm^a to

Ni'rriniiniicriba (M'l'onooiiHly incbiilctl in tlui syiioiiyiiiy.
I'cira norvi'(jica, AscANii'n, IconeH Krv. Nat. 1772, i, 7, tub. 10, Norway.
Iliildci'iitnit Kaiii/mni'iiD, Faiieb, FiHchc I.sliuids, 120, ia2'.t, Iceland.
sibimtcfi »ei>tentriuiialii. Gaimakd, Voy. lalaiuls and tlroi'^nland, I'oi.ss, pi. 9.
Si-hastrs fatcUituit,* Stoker, Proc UohI. Soc. Nat. IliHt,, V, 31, 1854, Provincetown, Mass.;

yoiinn Hpi'cinieii, said to lia\o but Kt dorsal ajiinu.s.
I'lvea nonciujicd, ^Mf'i.i.KU, /oril. I)aiiica,4(!, 1779.
Si'lHifles ii<inrc<iiniii, Cl'Viek a V'ai.i.ncik.n.ses, Wnt. Nat. Pois.i., iv, 327. pi. 87, 1820;

J{iCilAHiiS()\, P'auna IJoniiliAmtT., .12, 183(1; Stokkh, Hist. Fisbcs Mass., ;i8, pi. 8, (jy.

!, 1817; GI'NTiiElt. Cat., n,9r), 1800; (U'N'i ilKTi, (,'halIcngiT U( pdrl, .\.\u, Dci'ii ,Sua Kislics,
7, 1880; (,'iiiJ.i;lT, NortrcM Fi.sbcH, 19; Day, Fishes of Creat ISrltain, i, 42, pi. 18;
}()IH)E\ IlKAN, lliili. K.sscx Inst., XI, 14.
Siliimtet mariiiKg, W'lili'i:, (Ja(. Urit. I'"i.sli., 8; OiI.i.ett, Norske NordliavH Expedition,
l''|«lin, ifi, p|. I t|(XH. ;iand 1, I8H0; .Iohdax & (iiLitEur, S\no|)8is, 0,51, 1883; Lii.i,.)ei)oiui,
Hvtiflgcm och Norgcs FIskar, 92, 1891; (looUE 6c JJean, Oceanic .^jhtliyology, 200, flg.
248, 1890.
seZ/Kx/c* jiiri})(iri(«,tKR<")yER, Natnrhist. Tidsskr., I, 275, 1844-4!>, Norway, in .sIi.iIIdw walcr;

(iil.U I'ron. Ac. Nat. Sri. I'liila. 1803. 333; (iCNTlIF.U, Cat.. Il, 90.
Scliantft inariinii vii'ijmrut, .(nui)A.N \ (in. HEiir, .Synopsis, 051, 1883.
'^ihastes re'julus, EKiTHoM, Skaud. Fish.. Ed. i, 197, iilate only, no description.

'.■'[■

689. SEBASTOLOBUS, (iill.

Si'hattnlohus, CiiLL, Report Smithsonian Institntion 1880,375 (1881), (fnacrocliir).

Pectorals with a wide l)ase, produced backward near tlio upper margin
and not iiUMlially, lower rays tliicUeiied, extending luuch lyoyond r;iys next
;iliove in ;i linguiforni lobe; ventrals directly under axils of pectorals,
with the outer ray.s j)roduced, thick, branched; an;il III, '>; vertebra'
li-fl8;=L"J; otherwise a,s in Sebustes. racific Ocean in deep wate".
((iF(ia6r6i, Sebnstes] Xofiof, lobe.)

a. Donsal rays XVI,9; branch io.stegal8 naked; oyo 3? in head.
1(0. Dorsal rays XV, 9; branchiostegals scalj'; eye 2:-; in head.

ALASCANCS, 2J76.
AI.TIVELIS, 2170.

Head .slightly more than .j,^ ;

2176. NKHISTOLOIUS Ai.ASi AXS, I'nan.

fi- depth I. 1). XVI or XVII, 9; A. 111,5; pec

loral 22. Lateral line 31 (pores). iJody compressed, head large, jibout as
wide ;i.s high. Eye large, Si in head, a little longer fli;in snout, Ipteror-
inial space narrow, coiLcave, nearly 3 in orbit, with a pair of ohncupfi Uifh

Itody elons'ated, not convex in front of dorsal tin: 4 distinct dark-brown tvmi'iVUfUt
liiiiuls on the sides, the broadest at tht! [josterior jjortion of the body. Dorsal XI 1 1. H:
null 111,7. (Storer.) This is doubtless a young exaniplo of Seba»tis inarinux, and not n
•<'l><ii(tu(Jet.

I Sihattet vivipanii is thongl)t to be a shore form or variety of Sebaates mariimn. Wo
!i:ive not been able to distinguish it. The ehar.icters alleged are tho following:

• ieneral coloi' brownish red, sonie«hat nuitt •!, with a blackish blotch ■n the operele,
and some other brownish spots on the body. !'<'cloral (ins a littlt^ longer t inn in Hcbantet
iiiiirlniiH; interocul.ir space rallier narrower. Heiul 3.1 ; depth il.J. I>. \\, 14; A. II!. 8.
Noriliern .seas of Eurjpe; smaller than fhi' i>re<eding, and li\ inu ne \v shore; thought to
'»' a shallow water variuty ; perhaps coufiincd to tho fjords uud uoep oaya of the North.

f

mm

17C2 DuUdin ^y. United States National Museum.

\.

%

in

Ji>'

'tf

};itiulinal ri«1goH. Cranial ridgoH thin nnd Hharp, rather liigli; naHiil,
prccH'ular, postocnlar, tynipaiiic and iniolinl spiiios prominent, sharp, tho
supraocular and parietal Huiallcr, all arranged in a nearly Htraight lim^; u
small Hhar|» spine hehind orbit, followed by a larger ridge and spiue; a
rather sharp sjuiie on .shoulder; preorhital with '1 broad blunt lobes or
spines, with a large pore between thtin; siiltorbital ridge nearly continn-
ouH from front of pn-orbital to preopcrcle, close up under eye, thin and
high, with 1 spine under anteri(»r nuunin of orbit, auothej- under its
middle, and '1 Iteliintl orl)it; uppermost ]>reopereular spine long, with :i
smaller oik; in front of its base, the following 4 much suiiT^ller, ihe last one
minute; ojx'rcular ridges and spines weak. Moutli lar^je, nearly horizon-
tal, maxillary reaehing nt^arly to ]>osterior mur<;in of orbit, about 2 to 2\ in
head; Jaws ecjiuil, the lower included laterally and terminating with ;i
slight symphyseal knob; anterior ends of premaxillaries enlaroed, dcii-
tigcrous, with a prominent bony projection, and widely separated by an
interval into which tits the tip of lower Jaw. Teeth in very narrow bands
on vomer and palatines, in broader bauds on Jaws. Gill rakers short, den-
ticulate, alxmt 11 movable and about 5 rudiments on anterioi' limb of tirst
arch. l'seudol>ranchia' rather lar};e. Dorsal sjiines rather low, the fourth
and fifth longest, abouf 3jj in head, tho thirteenth and fourteenth very
short, more than 3 in th(^ fifth; second anal spine longest and strongest,
2\ in head, a little longer than soft rays, but not reaching their tips when
laid back; origin of ventrals under base of pectorals; pectoral rays
long, reaching to vent, and much beyond tip of ventrals; rays nearly all
branched, the upper much longer, about 7 lower rays broad and exserted ;
base of pector.'il not pi<»current, broad, 3:f in head. Scales on body larj;o,
strongly ctenoid, those on head partly cycloid; mandible, branch iost<5gal
membranes, and tip of snout naked; maxillary with a patch of scales;
preopercle with a few; i)reorbital, cheeks and interorbital space scaly;
basal half of pectoral membranes and whole of rays, basal part of spi
nous dorsal, basal half of soft dorsal membranes and whole length of rays
and the ventrals, caudal and anal almost entirely scaled; breast scaly;
basal part of ventrals naked. C(dor red; a dark patch between first and
third dorsal spines, another between sixth and eleventh; distal parts of
caudal an«l ventrals and lower rays of pectorals dark; gill cavities some-
what dusky; peritoneum white. leering Sea and I'acilic coast of Alaska,
\Va.sbiiigton, Oregon, and California, in 109 to 786 fathoms. Here de-
scribed from specimens obtained by the AWmWoxs. (alaavaitiis, Alaskan.)

SfbastolohuB alascaniis, ]5kan, Prnc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1890, 44, off Trinity Islands, Alaska,
in 159 fathoms (Coll. Albalros») ; Oii.nicitT, liopt. U. S. Fish Conim. 1893 (1896), 4ii0.

* Dr. (lilhcrt has the followiiiy; note on Sfha.itolohun alancamts:

" Uesemhling closely .S'. macrochir, hut ditt'ering conatantI.y in the increased nnmher of
dorsal .spiiicm, 16 (17 iii ono s|)ecinien) iustoad of 15, and in the longer second anal spiin'.
Head 2g in len;;th; depth 4 (in specimen 'AW mm. long). Pores of lateral line l!5. Dorsiil
XVI, 9; anal III, 5- i)ectoral 21. Mouth large, the maxillary nearly reaching vertical Irnm
jtosterior boidcr of oi'hit, 2t(t2.!, m head, its widtl grcater'than (liameter of pupil. I'li-
maxillary hand of teeth widi-, shutting largely outside mandihle in front and on llu'
sides; a coiisi)U'uoiis tubercle at tip of ea<di preraaxillary with a deep cniargination lir-
tween tin two. into which fits tho tip of the mandihle. A small knob at ii'andibulnr
symphysis. lOyi largo, '!,', to 3J in head, 2Jtinuis the interorbital width. Cranial ridges ami
spin«^s about as in the other spi'cies of u\c, genus, but the occipital ridges not stron;;ly
diverging, as in .V. inacrorhir. I'reorbital jiosteriorly with a spinous point, as in <S'. altir'Un.
Dorsal spiucs low, the contour of the liu evenly rounded, the spines iuureasing regularly

^A

r.-:3£S9»«3

Jordan aud Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1703

2170. SKHASTOI.OIUS AMIVKMS, <;ilbi'it.

Hody sleiulor, dupth 3J in length; lit-ad U.} ; lutoral lino ;{;{ to .V) poroH.
D. XV, 9; A. Ill, 5; pectoral 2'_'. Mouth Isirjife, 2 in head, maxillary reach-
in*; poHterior inar<rin of pii]>il; mandible laterally and in iVout Hhnt-
ting within the wide prmiaxillary hand of teeth, its tip fitting into an
cniargination between premaxillaries, and bearing a ahort symphyseal
knob. Bands of ttseth on mandible, vomer, and patatinoH narrow. Eye
very large, 3 in head, \\ times interorbital width. Interorhital narrow,
scaled, ccmcave, with 2 low, rounded ridgcH. Cranial ridges strong, ter-
nunating in sharp spines, agreeing with those in N. iihiHtaiiim aud A', mavro-
rhir," Preorbital wide, ])artially overlapping middle third of maxillary,
posteriorly with a forwardly directed trianguhir spine, in front of wliicli
is a long slit-like mucous ])ore. A Idunt tubercle directed forward from
front of each prcmaxillary, less prominent than in S, alaHcaniiH. Dorsal
spines long aud comparsitively strong, the third always the highest,
the outline of fin behind it straight or concave, never couvexly rounded,
as in S. macrocliir and -S'. alaavtniuH. In the ty|)0 spetiimeu the longest
spine is C(mtainod I3 times in length of head. The spine before
the last is scarcely longer than the one preceding, the last si»ino again
lengthened. Second iiual spiuo usually curved, much longer and stronger
than third and longer than soft rays, its length 1.^ to 2 in head. In the
type it IS abnormally curved. N'entrals re.'ichiug to vent; pectorals to front
of anal; i)ectoral <iu very broad, the lower 7 rays thickened and extended
Iteyond membranes, the lobe thus formed subject to nuicli variation, being
unusually short in the type. Scales rough ctenoid. Mandible scahid at
base only, the bead otherwise completidy invested, including the branehi-
Kstegal rays and membranes. Fin membranes covered with line ctenoid
scales. Color red ; a dark blotch t)n membranes between first and third

Ironi tlu) first to the fonrtli, then as regularly diininishing to the fourteenth ; the fifteenth
and sixteenth iifjain Iciigthoned. Tim lonjjcat spin« in cttntaint'd frmii 'JJ to 2,i tiiiics in
tilt! luHjgth of tliii head. Second an.al spino loiii:' i and .stronger tlian third, equnluij; or
cxccednig length of soft rays, itHliuigth 2 to 2i in that of hea(r. Ventrals usually scarcely
reaching vent, the pectorals not reaching front of anal. Lower i)e<;toral lobe iinusiuilly
liroad, contains 7 to 9 thickened rays, llead less completely scaled than in ,S'. altivelis, tlio
Wranchiostegals, mandible, maxillary, and lower ])ortion of proopercle wholly naked,
dolor red; a black blotch occupies the membranes of the first three diirsal spines, a sec-
ond extends from the sixth to the eleventh spines; mai-gin of i)eclonil and ventral tins
l>lack; no Mack blotch behind second anal spine; i)eritoneuni and lining of gill cavity
wliite. This species difi'ers from »S'. altirelis in tho lower, longer, evtnily rounded Mi)inoiis
dorsal, the white lining of tho gill cavity, .and the ])artlv naked liuad. It was taken
aliundantly on the Alaskan expedition, being re])reseute(l from tlie following stations:
:!i;27, :(:i24, aiWO, 3:t;tl, ■A:a2. U;i;t7, 3;J38, :i33<J, 3340, 3343. 3346, 3347, and 3348. These are located
111 ISering Sea, north of rn;ila8ka Island; in the ^.'-tli Pacilic southeast of I'niniak
Island, and otl' tho coasts of Washington, Oregon, and C'difornia, in de]>ths of from 109
to 786 fathoms. "
" Tho following is a description of the type of tho genus Sebastnloliiin fnmi .lapan :
Schantidobus -iiiacruc.hir {Gimthcr) : Head2.'i; depth3i. 1). X'-'.*i; A. 111,5; l'.22('.v).
I.at. lino, about 45. Scales rather regular, liyt^ very large, mucli longer than rnout, 3 in
head. >iouth wide, maxillary readiiug beycind middle of eye. Teitli on niandibles,
vduior, aud i>alatinesin very narrow bands, tliose on iiremaxillarie.-, in somewliat broader
bands. lnterorl>ital spaC(! tiattish, narrow, scalehiss, about 24 in orliit. Occipital region
Hat, with some rudimentary scah-s. l'rt!oeular, siiiiraociilar, ])ost(n itlar, tymi)anic, jiari-
ptal, and nuchal s]>ines jjresont. Intcrorbitai stay with strong si>ines. I'reopercle witli
5 pointed spines. Each ran\us of mandible witli 3 large jtores. I'orsal s|)ines rather lee-
ble, third to sixth longest, 2J in head. Anal spines stnm};' ■ Smt she- rter than longest
dorsal spines, ('audal truncate. Pectoral extremely broad <ir 0 lo>ver rays elongated
lieyond tlumo above them, their extremities somev " it thicki iied, and used like the simi-
lar onttT ventral rays, as an organ of locomotion. Vectorals reacliing vent, ventrals
tieyond vent, IJed, a "large bhick spot on posterior half of s]>inous dorsal, another betweei.
aualspines. LeugtU 11 inches. Inland seaof Japan, otflnosima, 345 fathoms, (tiiinther.)

.1, 1;

■,!(■; ;

'! K

' t.

M

t

-M

1704 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

%%

dorsal HpineA, and a largo one beginning back of fourth sitino and extend-
ing along entire upper edge of fin; edge of pectoral, ventral, anal, and
soniotiuies caudal, black. In Honie specimenn a black blotdi on nienibriitio
back of Hecond anal spine, aa in S. macrovhii Opercular lining bla<-kis]i,
thiH visible externally as a dusky blotch. A ntian Islands. The type is
a specimen 325 mm. (12!{^ inclies) long, taken south of the Alaskan Pcniii
sula of Alaska at a depth of 625 fathoms. No other specimens weir
secured during the Alaskan expedition of 1890, but the species was later
found to bo almost etiually abundant with S. alanvanus in deep water oil
the coast of California. From S. aluacanuH it is distinguisliable at Hi<;lii
by th(* contour of the spinous dorsal (in, the smaller number of doiNiil
spines, and the dusky lining of the «)perile. From S. viacrochir, with
whicli it agrees in its fin formula, it is distinguished by tlic greatia'hciglit
of both dorsal and anal spines, and in the different contour of the spinous
dorsal.

Tlie following description is taken (by Mr. Cramer) from a specimen
from off San Diego:

Head 2\ to 2} ; depth 3ii. D. XV, 9; A. Ill, 5. Transverse row of seales
about 33. Body compressed; head rather large, very slightly compresseii
in rogi(m of orbit. Eye very large, orbit 2j} in head, nearly twice as large
as snout. luterorbital space very narrow, 3^ in orbit, moderately con-
cave, with 2 closely approxiutated frontal ridges. Cranial ridges thin and
sharp, not very high; preocnlar, supraocular, postoeular, tympanic, ])arie-
tal, and nuchal spines present, arranged in a straight line, all sharp; a
sharp spino behind orbit, 2 on shoulder. Mouth largo, nearly h<n'i/ont:il ;
maxillary reaching posterior margin of pupil, 2'i in head, somewhat dilated
behiud. .Jaws e<iual ; lower jaw included laterally, and with a very sliglit,
syniphyseal knob; premaxillaries not meeting in front, each with a small
bony prominence; tip of lower Jaw fitting into the emargination. Mroad
bauds of teeth on jaws and narrow bands on vomer and palatines. I'rc
orbital rather broad, with 2 largo slit-liko i)oros, its lower margin sinuate,
without sjjines; suborbital stay close under rim of orbit, with 3 shaip
spines, tho sharp, liigh keel beginning at anterior edge of preorbital and
extending across prcoperclo; preopercular spines small, sliarp, divergiuj;,
tho uppermost largest, with a small spine in front of its base; opercular
spines minute. No pit between suborbital stay and orbit. Gill rakers
short, 15 on anterior limb; pseudobranchia' small. No pit at oeel]>ut;
space between parietal ridges slightly concave. Anterior dorsal spines
somewhat curved, the third hmgest, 2^ in liead, the thirteenth about J\ as
l<mg; longest soft rays alxmt e((ual to longest spino; second anal spine
strongly curved, much stronger and longer than third, about 1+ in head,
readiing beyond soft rays; ventrals not attached to belly by a meni-
l)rane; pectorals reaching far beyond ventrals, about to origin of anal;
lower 5 rays slightly thickened, oxserted, rays all branclied; base of fm
broad, abort 3.J in head, not procurront. Scales of body large, ver\
strongly ctenoid, easily deciduous, those on head cycloid; maxillary, pre-
orbital, cheeks, interorbital space, oi»ercle, breast and branch fostegal mem-
branes scaly ; fins thickly covered with cycloid scales; lower jaw nake<I.
Color in alcohol reddish; a small dark blotch between iirst and third

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1706

tluraul Hpiuett; Hpinous dursal black-ed^eU ; tipH of caudal nn<l vuntral tiiiH
iiiul of posterior anal and lowor ]>e('toi'Hl rays dimky; pcritoiicmn 8ilv«ry
with Bcatterrd Niiiall black upotH. LtMi^th about a foot. AlaHkaii i'eiiin-
Hula to 8au Diego, in dei>p watt-r. {allirvlis; altna, lii^li; velum, sail.)

Seba»lolobuii altiiH-Ui,{iii.nv,ut, Uupt. U.S. Finh Coniiu. 18U;i (IHOG), 41U, pi. 23, south of the
Alaskan Peninsula at Albatross Station 3338, iu 025 fathuniH. (Ty]H<, No. not
aH8ij,au"a, V. S. Niil. Miih. Coll. (lillttrt.)

Sfhattet inacrochir, (it'NTiiKit, ClmlltiiKctr Kuimrt, Shoru Fisheu, U5, pi. 27, 188U, Inland Sea
of Japan, off Inosima, in 345 fathoms.

690. SEBASTODES, Gill.

I'le-
linuato,
hIi.'ii'p
il and
Iverjriu-;,
cnlar
rakers
ipiit :
Kpincs
lit A a.s
spine
n head,
muiii-
f aniil :
of liii
vei\\
■y, pro-
1 nieni-
iiaked.
1 third

(KOCKFISIIKS.)

Sebaslodi'*, Oiu,, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliilii. 1801, 10,'i {pnueinpinit).
Scha«tichthijii, (iii.i,, I'roc. .\c Niit. Sol. IMiilii. 1802,329 (iiiijroeinetuH).
•SebattowtiiiiM, GiU-, I'roc. Ai . Nat. Hvi. I'liiln. 1804, 147 {inelaiiupM).
Sebantomiiii, (iiLi., Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1804, 147 {ruvaeenn).
.\cut(imetttu)ii, Kkikn.mann &. llKE.soN, American NaturaliHt 1893,000 {ovaliH).
l'ninosi>itia, Kkienmann & Hickson, Anioncan Natiiralint 1893,008 (myittinuB).
."tfiuiiodiiK, Kkie.nmann & Bf.eson, American Naturalist 1893,070 {malijei).
Aiielonjdiia, Kkie.v.ma.sn &, Bek.sO.v, American Natiiralittt 1893,070 (auticiilatiiM).
h'lmicola, Jordan & Kvekmann, Check-Li.st Fislics N. ami M. A., 429, IHitC [pinnvjir).
Kusebttntes, .Fokdan & Kveilmann, (Jiieck-List ]"'i.slie» N. and .M. A., 430, 1890 {aurora).
//i.v/(«Huci(«, JoKi)AN\ KvKRMANN, ClieckLlst Kishert N. andM. A., 431, 1806 (rubrivinctttii),
i:iiiiiielag,Jouv\y & Kvkrmann, new HubgtaiuH {<jlaucu8).

l$ody and h(!ad somewhat coiupresaed; head lar^e, 2j to 3§ iu length of
liody;** depth 2^ to 3J iu length of body; mouth moderate or large, with
lh(( Jaws e(|ual or the lower more or less projecting; the ma.villary reach-
ing middle of eye or beyoud, aonictinies beyond posterior edge of orbit, its
length from IJ to 3 in head; teeth in villiform bands ou Jaws, vomer, aud
palatines. Head more or less evenly scaled, without dermal Haps; inter-
orbital space couve.x or concave, widening markedly with age; cranial
ridges t more or loss developed, one or more of the fidlowing pairs always

The lonRth of body iu these (loHcriptions m measurcfl in the usual way, i. e., from
ii|i of iiuuiit to base ut caudal tin.

t IHaijmm 0/ cranial ridgcii «f Seba.ilodes.

; ]■'

,.h

(I. Nasal.

b. I'reocular.

I'. Supraocular.

d. Postocular.

e. 'ryuipanic.
/. Coronal.

a. P.irietal.
ft. Nuchal,
i. Eyes.

i

i

m

, 1*

3^

17fiO

Hullctiu /7, United States National Museum,

proHont, tiHually ending In spines: prt'ocnlar, supraocular, postcxtiihir,
tyuipiinir, coronal, ])iii'iutal, and nuclial. I'ivi' ]>i'(;opurcular and 2 npi r
cular Hpines; I tolt HpiiieHon tbeHiipraHcapulu. Hiil)orbitalMtay nioduratt-,
usually not rcathin^ proopcn^lu. Gill rak(trs variouH, from very Ion;; and
sltiudor to very short. Sinles niodonitu or Hiiiall, nioHtly ctenoid, M5 to loo
transvn-Ho HoriuH. Dorsal tin continuous, eniarginato, its I'orniula Xlll. 12
to Iti; anal tin III, 5 to i). I'octorals well developed, the baHe broad oi
narrow, the lower ravH undivided. Caudal HliH;htly rounded, truncate, oi
Hliv;htly forked; Hoft parts of vertical tins more or Iohs scaly, ryloric
cicctt (i to 11. Verteltrai 12 -f- 15. Species of varied, often brilliant coIoih,
mostly red. Sexes eobued alike. The f^roup inhabits the two shores oi'
the Northern raeitie Ocean; some of the Hj)e(!ieH are extremely localized;
extieediuj^ly abundant in rocky ])laces along the west coast of the United
Htates. Tliey seem to disajipear rather a'lrujitly to the south of southern
California, lunl the number of species dwindles northward; none Arctic,

SKItASTODI'.H lt()8AC"KrS.

Spintm: a, prcnciihir; h, Hiipraocuhir; c, iiohIociiIiit'; ({, t.yiiipfiiiic; c, parictul.

the bulk of the group inhabiting temperate waters. The vertical range
of most of the species is rather limited ; some live in and near tide water,
and a few species have l»eeu taken at a (lejtth of 1,()()() feet. All are
ovoviviparous, bringing forth great numbers of young, which are nearly I
inch in lengtli when born. The species ditVei- greatly in form and arnia
ture, and in the extension of the bones of the cranium, but the genera
based on these dillerences intergrade too closely to admit of delinition,
notwithstanding the great differences which appear on comparison of
(extreme forms.

The following detailed rem.'irks on the osteology and relations of Sehus-
todea are taken from Cramer's memoir, "On the cranial characters of the
genus Svhaatodea :""

'■Vrin-A'aX. Ac. Sci , series 1!, Vol. v. 189."), .'jTItOlO, |)l8. 57-70; ropriutuil as (Jontributi<>ii!«
to Biology from the lIoi)kins Seaside Laboratory, Xo. n.

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 17<i7

ixmtoculiir,
ukI 2 opcr-
y iiiotlciuti',
ry Idii;; .iml
id, H5 to 1(111
iiliiXlIl. l.>
se liroail or
briiiiratt), or
y. Tylorir
liaut coIoiH,
r'o shores of
J localized;

tlm Uiiitod
of Roiitlicrii
lono Arctic,

aiiital.

tical liiugc
tide waler,
All are
irt) Tiearly 1

and anna-
the fienera

definition,
iparisou ol'

18 of Sehas-
tcrs of tlio

!()n tribute III St

The cliaraeteriHtic Hpines and rid^cH are: The preociilai' on the untrrior
superior border of the orhit; the Hn|>raocular, near the ed);e of the frontal
lione above the middle of the orliit; the poHtocular, li'diiiid tint Hiipraocn-
iar, and the tynipanie, behind the poHtocular on the frontal bone near the
superior poHterior anji;le of theoritit; ami the parietal, present in all the
species, a longitndinal n.lge on th(^ nii<ldle of the parietal bone, of thcHe
I idgoH all may be absent except the parietal, and in the <lil)er«-nt siterieH
III which they are present differ excuiedingly iu the degree of their devel-
opment. The thicknesM of the bones of the sknll is generally correlate*!
with other characters, rather thin ))a])ery sknlls bearing strongly (h)Vel-
()p(!d bony ridges, while thicker an<l more bony skulls have the ridges low
I ir obsolete. Hut therti are several exceptions to the rule. Other eharae-
tfU'H at first seem important, but as they occur in a few sjiecieH only, far
:ipart lu the series, they must be regarded as hpora<lic. Thus nuchal
spines are present in S. /en's, chlorostictiiK, aurora, and cotmtellaliiH (m the
hist species connected with a tendency of the ridges to break up into
spines and tubercles), but they are inconstant even in the species in which
tliey occur, so that it is doubtful whether they an- always present in any
slieciea. The coronal spines, likewise inconstant, a.o usually jjieseut in
N. aurora, and nearly always present in S. aurivulatun.

In some snecies in which pairs of s]»ines are normally absent, those are
Hoiiietimes present in a rudimentary or distort ed form, eitlier singly or in
pairs. Although the paucisphiiH grouj) is characterized by the abseuc**
cif the usual pairs of spines in adults, 2 adult paiic'Dtpinin skulls had a
I iidimentary supra- or post-ocular on the left side, and a very young skull
ipf this division had rudimentary tympanic spines on both sides and a
postocular on the left side; a niediura-sized wc/a^ojw had a rudi:uentary
right tympanic; and a large one had a ]iair of i)08t:)cnlarH aiul a deformed
loft su)»raocular; a young Jlaridny had a rudinmntary right postocular; in
,111 vloiKjainH, in which the supraoculars are normally absent, the spines
were still present in the form of low humps on the ridge; iu another speci-
men the supraocular spine was sharp and perfectly distinct.

Ililgendoif expressed the belief that when 1 of the \\ pairs of spines
(supraocular, postocular, and tympanic) is absent, it is the supraociular
and not the jxistocular that has disappeared. ' This is proved by several
series of facts. When the 'A spines are jjresent together, the distance
from the base of the tympanic to the base of the supraoculiir on the one
hand, and the distanci^ from the supraocular to the preocular on the
other hand, are to each other in nuiny species as 1 to I, varying from
this ratio to 1 to 3 in rosaccu , while where 1 of the spines is absent,
the relative distances vary from 3 to 10 to 3 to 15 (except nebulo>in», 2 to.")).
These measurements give the all but invariable rule that, when 1 of the
spines is absent the so-called supraocular occupiea the position of the
jiostocular. When both the supraocular and postocular are present and

* Hilgemlorf : UobiTsicht iilicr dio Japaniarhcii Si'ba&tes-Arten, SitzuiiM-Horicht, dor
(lesellsi^liaft Naturf't>rsi'b«iuli'ii Fniiuulf zii Ucrliii, 1!I. Dec, 1.S80. ji. I(i8. "T)aH inaxiiiiuiii
von Doi'iieii am ()l)('.rl£0]it' koiiiiiit \n\\ S. marmanxliif mip, iiiiiiilii^h lincr in ilor NaaciiKo
jiciul, (Icr iiaHalddi'ii, dri-i auf dom Aiinenrand, Orbital-dorneu, vondeuon der mittlcro boi
den auduru Arteu zuurst vcrseUwiudct."

. I -
'I

, (

17(18 Ihdh'tin //, United States National ^fltseum,

<liflr«r iti Hizo (which Ih iiHiially tlin caso), tiui Mupniiiiiilar in iiivuniilily
woak«r tliiiii tho poHturiilai'. 'I'hn duprnHHion hotNV(M-ii thit tyiiiiiaiiic anil
poHtociilar Ih iilwayn <l<'»i>, wliilu botwortt tho ]t(mtoniliir and Hnpniurul:i|-
th«Mo Ik froiitioiitly a woIl-iiiarktMl riilfjo (cliloroiilirtHH, rlioilovliloriH, riihini
miiH). In hri8 tli(> triio Hnpraocnlar is umiall.v prcHont; in the skull jit
han<l it wuh altNent, Itiit on onu HJdo a lilnnt knob orciipitMl th<< poHition
rtHpiircd Ity tb«) nilo of ndutivu dlHtaiu'xs, and ,|nHt liuhind thiM point, (in
l)utli HidcH, th<-r)> waH a dcpnmNiou in thr othcivvisu < (inUnuniis riilp\
marking thr dopi'dHHioii hutwoon the nnpru- and poHt-ocMilaiH. In thoNkiil)
of eUmtjalUH, in whicli 1 uf thu p.iirH of HpinoH is normally altHont, Mit>ro
in a low, t-oiiiciil, riidinuMitary Hpini* on tiio left uidc, occupying tlio posi-
tion of tho Hiiprnonilar, as reqiiirod by the riilo of rrl.itivu diHiiinirK.
TlicNo facts, takon to;{othMr, nooiu to ostablish tho cont-liision tiiat wlu>n
1' of tho trio of ])air8 of HpiiicH is ubsont, tho Hnpraociibir spino huH di.s-
nppoured, and tlio supraocular rld^o nior;{od with tho jiostoi iilur.

Of tho chauv,0M that tako placo with incroasini; a^o, tho followin;^ uii
among tho most constant: The bonus of tho skull ;rrow Miickor and in
vory largo spocimcus bo<-onie «poiifey. Tho processes of tho nu'sothinoid
bocomo doprossfd; and tlio voutnil jtrocoss of tho basisphcnoid. wlnii
present at all, Homotimes sutlers complete, and always ]>artial absorption.
Tho intcrorbital space grows relatively wider, this Ix-ing one of the most
striking and constant variations. Tho width of this sjtacc is always given
as measured at its narrowest ])art (which nanally falls imnu'diatoly behind
the ])roocular spines), and compared with the total length of tho ba.se ol'
the skull. In n young rcxiUartH, tho ratio of intororbital width into the
length of tho base of tho akull isftj, in a niodium-si/ed onot,", and in u
largo one 4. In a young maliiiir it is I-,, in an old one 4^; in a young
minidiun 3^, in an old one 3]^', in a young, //a ri(?ii.s ;{/,, in an old one ;<. In
a very young ruhcrrimnH it is (51, in one L' or 'A times as large 5^', in one in
which tho cranial ridges are abnost completely serrated 5, and in a very
large old specimen ^./^ .

It will be soon from tho key given below that in several parts of the
group clcsely related spocdes have the parietals in contact; but whih* this
serves well as a character of subordinate importance, the more fact that
any 2 8i>eclo8 have parietals which meet or overlap is no proof of aflinity
unless it is supported by otlna* agreemontB. Tho most reliable cranial
characters for the purpose of ciassilication of tho species are; The degree
of curvature of the base of tho skull; the convexity or concavity of the
intororbital space and its relative width ; the direction of tho uiesethmoid
processes; the d<'gree of devolopment of the ventral process of tho basi
sphenoid, au<l tho strength or weakness of the cranial ridges. These char-
acters are closely correlated, and furnish tho only basis for tho arrangt^-
meut of the species within the genus. In the jKn/cj«;>twi8, tnelanoim, and
piunUjer groups (.see ciassilication below) the base of the skull is strikingly
curved; the intororbital space is always convo.K (at most llat, never con
cave) and relatively wide, its width never being more than 3^ in the
length of the base of the skull; the uiesethmoid processes are ue\cr

Joniixn ami Evcnnann, — Fishes of North America. 17<»D

iliit'(tiHl iipwanl; tlii< voiitnil ptocuHs nf the l)iiNiH|ilii'iii>i<l ih iiltHoiil, or
iu(1iii'«mI to II iiit<ro point, or lit iiioHt oioiiHiuntilly pi«>iii>iit in vor.v yonii({
^pffiiiiuHH; tlir friiniiil riil^'OH tiro poorly or not at all iluvulop«il, aiul thu
sjiliiOH lilt' (iMJii'iiUt or aliH'nt. In tlie vhmicvhh- nrUuluHun ^lonpN tlio Iiiini^ nf
ihf siviill i,H NtraiKlit orncmly ho; tlic iniororhitiil Hp.icii iH alwnyH coiuavu
ami narrow, ita ratio in tbo biirtu of tho Hkitll vuryinu Ironi l| to (if; tlio
iiicsctlinioid proccHsi'M an' ul\Miy« ilimttMl nii)n> or Ichm upward; ami thu
M'litral proiuHH of lliu liaHi-iplionoitl, tlio cranial ridguH and tlio HpinoN uru
-lron;;ly do\elo|»od.

TliuHo 2 ;;roii|iH of chanicterH woiihl fnrniHli an aiiipli; haniM for tlie
iliviKioii of tlm };rnii < into 2, if tin spriios innitiomd \vuti> alone to Im>
. .Misidi'reil. Hilt Itft Wfon the 'J (iioiijis distiiiv;MiMluMl hy tliiMii «'lla^a(■tor^4
lirN anotlit'i' (inlroui;i*r-ttiirorn) in wliidi the baso of the MknII in Hoiiitnvliut

tiirvod ( approaching; Htiai^htiit'SM), liie inti rorliital sp; is Hat or Mli<r|itly

(iiiicave, of niedinni width, I li> 1^ into the Imsc of liio .skull, the prort-sHeH
(if the uteHi-thntoitl are directtMl but little iipwartl and the ventral proo-HH
iif the liaHiHphi'iioid is pooily d*>vi'lop<>d. My the interpoHition of thiH
uniiip it \h poMHible to aiianj;*' a Hcriis from I'liinhpiii'm to roiKiicuH in which
there is an almost perfect gradation <>f all the above-incntioned ehaiacters,
Hiiiii Htrikingly curved to straight bami of hUuII, from convex and broad to
(oiicave ami narrow iuterorbital Hpac»«, lioin niestthmoid proccHses do-
pit«ssed to those directed lo' above the dorsal plane of the hUiiII, from u
iiiilimentary to a fully developed ventral proeosM of the baMi8idienoi«l, and
11(1111 ueiirly (di8olet«> to t»tron;iIy developed cranial ridj^es.

The 8in;;le Hpecies rubfrrhnus furnishes at dilferent stages in itfldevelop-
iiioiit a aeries of charaeteis that parallel in a striking way the series just
described. The very young skull is so inuch like those of roaaceim and
iliiidorhlorh that, if it were the only niherrimiiH at band, it might easily b«
put iietween them in aseries. The width of the iuterorbital space istij into
tlio Itase of the skull, relatively narrower than that of any other skull in
tlii^ collection of .">(), and deeply concave; the mesetbmoid processes are
(liiectcd upward and the ventral process of the basisjihenoid is well »level-
iipisd. The very largo skull of thi^ same species is almost exactly adapted
1(1 the descri](tioii of the aurora-intronUjer group. The iuterorbital space
is perfectly Hat ami 4-/,, into the baso of the skull, the niesethmoid proc-
esses extend forward nearly horiztmtally and the ventral proc«'ss of the
liasisphenoid is rudimentary. The gap between these two extremes is
loiiipletely closed by skulls of iutermediate age.

N. naxicola and diplopioa constitute .mother intermediate group with the
base of the skull markedly curved, the inteiorbital space slightly convex
(11- llat, of medium width, 3!} to 4i into the base of the skull, uiescthnu>id
processes directed but little upward, aud the ventral process of the basi-
sphonoid rudimentary or fairly developed. This intermediate group, unlike
ilie other, lacks the supraocular spine and probably forms one of the links
Iietween the fw<0Hi«;ia8-/>iHHiV/er group and the other rockiish in which the
sapraocular is wanting.

The following classilication (containing most, but not all, of the species),
3030 34

i

1

•*^: [

>

^MAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

US

1^

2.2

I.I

lit

lit

lit

140

2.0

l(.25

U |,.6

Hiotographic

Sdences

Corporalion

23 WIST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) •72-4503

^.^\^

^ '^'<^

^^V

^

fK

6^

>t'

iriRwprrT^"~^^'

ii

fi ■■

•I-,

I m ])>

si? ■'■■

l:i

■li;

1770 Btilletin ^7, United States National Museum,

based exclusivi'ly on crauiul characters, suiiiinari/es what has been Haiii
and incliideH Honio <letail8 not hitherto mentioned:

a. Unso of HkiiU niurkfUly curved. Intcrorbital spaco convex or Hat, broad, less tlian
\S\ in tlio base of the nktill. I'nH'i'sai's of lueHotliiiioid not diroctou ii])wai'(l.
Ventnil process of biiHispli<;noid rudiinoutary. Crunial rid(;i"H obsolete or weak,
spines absent or dclioute.
b. Crunial ridges (except ]iarietal) obsolete or very slightly developed. Crauial
spines absent or very inconstant and weakly develoiHtd.
c. Farietals not meeting; mesethnioid ])roGessos weak and depressed; skull
moderately tliick; parietal lidges weak, with minute spines or nouu;
other ridges none.
(J. Interorbital space plainly convex. paucispinis.

dd. Interorbital Hpace nearly Hat. .ioudam; ooodei.

ce. Parietals meeting in the midtlle lino, bnt separated posteriorly by a wed^o-
shaped t^xposuro of the suprnoccipital. Mesethnioid processes better
i^oveloped, straight, and horizontal; skull thick, the bones .striated;
parietal ridges low, spineless, other ridges none,
e. Preocular spines none. KLAVIDU8; mklanoi'.s,

ee. Preocular spines present. mystinus.

66. Cranial ridges somewhat developed; preocular, supraocular, postocular, tynr
panic, and parietal spines jn'osent, all delicate; ventral process of basi-
s]>henoid sometimes present in young. (Tympanic spines usually absent or
imperfect in atroeiycns.)
/. Parietals not meeting; interorbital s])ace usually plainly convex; buues
thick, more or less striated.
g. Supraocular spine ]>re8ent.

h. Base of skull strikingly curved; parietals nearly meeting.

KNTOMELAS; OVALIS; HOPKINSl.

hh. Base of skull less strikingly carved ; parietals well separated.

t. Interorbital plainly convex. PINNIGEk.

it. Inter'»rbital space flat, or nearly so. miniatcs.

gg. Supraocular spine absent; parietals well .separated ^ interorbital space

but little convex; mesetlimoid processes dir<«ted somewhat u)i-

ward. ATKOVIREiN.s.

aa. Base of skull markedly curved. Interorbital space flat or slightly concave, ol
medium width, UJ to 4^ in base of skull. Processes of me.sethmoid directed
but little upward. Ventral process of baaisphenoid rudimentary or fairly de
veloped.
j. Cranial ridges fairly -leveloped ; supraocular spines absent ; skull thin, papery ;
mesethnioid |>roce8ses horizontal,
it. Parietals not meeting. saxicola.

kk. Parietals meeting. diplopkoa.

aaa. Base of skull nearly straight (slightly curved). Interorbital space flat or slightly
concave, of medium width, 4 to 4) in base of skull. Processes of mesethnioid
directed but little upward. Ventral process of basis])henoid rudimeutaiy or
poorly developed. Cranial ridges and spines quite strong.
I. Cranial ri'lges well developed. Preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic,
parietal and nuchal spines present ; coronal spines usually present.

INTRONIGEB; AURORA; MELANOSTOMIS.

aaaa. Base of skull straight, or nearly so. Interorbital space concave and narrow, 4J
to 6j in base of skull. Processes of mesetlimoid directed upward. Ventral
process of basisphenoid well developed. Cranial ridges high and strong,
m. Supraocular spine present. Parietals not meeting.

n. Skull thick; cranial ridges broken into tubercles and spines; inter-
orbital space Oat ; mesethmoid processes horizontal ; ventral proces.s
of basisphenoid rudimentary in adult (the skull of young almost
exactly as in rosaeexu; see below). KUBUBumuii.

*-

Jordan and Everniann, — Fishes of North America, 1771

nn. Skull Hoiiinwlijit ))a)iory; riilgcs Hiiioutli; intororbitnl Hpare coiiciive;
niCHothiiiDiil piocoMHOH (lirecti'(! upward; ventral i>rocess <>t' l:n«i-
splivuoid well tl(!VL')<iiit't1 in Itotli voun;; and old. co.v.stell ATI's ;

ll( SACEVS; KHODOCHLOlilH ; CHLOUOSTICTU8 J ULTESTUIS.

mm. Siiprnocular 8))int' almiT.t.

0. InttTorbital space not widening markedly backward.

jj. I'arietals not inci'tin};; Hkuli papery. ELONOATl'S.

yy. I'arietida nieetiiiK; rtkiill bony.

q. Nuchal 8|)ines none. RunRlviSCTUS; LEVIS.

qq. Nuchal Hpiuea present; ridges thick and hi;;ii.

SEIUUCEI'S: NKIROCINCTUS.

00. luterorbitnl space widening markedly backward; purietnls not
meeting.
r. Coronal spines present j skull bouy. aouiccijitcs.

rr. Coronal spines none.

a. Skull thick; bones striated; iuterorbital a]>ace slightly

convex. rastkkli.ioeb.

Sf,. Interorbital space concava and the cranial ridges strong

and high. VKXH.IAKIH; MAI.IOKK; CAKNArUS;

('IIKVSO.MKI.AH; NEUlLOsrS; (IILDEKII.

The interorbital space bt conies more concave and narrower uud the ridges stronger
.iiid higiier from the beginning to the end of the series.

Messrs. Eigenmann &.. Beeson have sitteinpted to subdivide this geiitis
into several on the batsis of cruniul chuiacters. iMi'. Cramer lias given in
detail in tiie paper ab«)vo quoted bis reasons for rejecting tiiese proposed
u-ueva and for reverting to the seriueiice of sji^cies in Jordan & Gilbert's
SvDopsis. The charaeter especially put forward by Eigenmann & Heeson,
that of the contact (not union) of the parietals, seems to us of very slight
value, even as a specilic distinction.

The following is the analysis of genera of Sebastinu> given by Eigen-
mann & Beeson.*

SUBASTIN.K:
rt. Yertel"'a> 27 or more.

h. Dorsal spines 14 to 16; the lower pectoral rays thickened, unbranched, and
produced; ventrals directly under pectorals. Suborbital stay strong, spi-
nil'erous. SiiiiASTui.onvs.

66. Dorsal spines 13; vcrtebne 27.

c. Palatines witii teeth. Lover jiectoral rays unbranched, their tips pro-
.iccting.
d. Parietals meeting above the 8upraoccipital,t except sometimes in
I'rimotpina.
e. Jaws equal; head n.arrow above: high and ]>romiueut cranial
keels endii>g in spines. I'reocular, supraocular, tympanic,
and parietal present. Ciill r.ikers usually short, spatulate
or clavate, their broadened ti|)8 spiuiferoiis. Scales usually
very strongly ctenoid ; accessory scales nunitu'oiis; sub-
orbital stay directed obliquely downward and backward;
second anal spine much heavier than and at least as long as
third. Body short and deep, back arched, mouth very large
but rather narrow, head heavy. Inter and sul) opercle with-
out spine. Hranchiostegals and lower jaw naked. Three or
4 large pores along each ramus of the lower Jaw. Species
usually with cross bands. Sebastichthys.

r T <■

* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 1894, 375-407.
t See Sebastomwt eereus and elomjatut.

.'I

m

I

1773 Dulldm //, United States National Museum.

ee. Lower Jaw niiioli projecting; lutad broad, nknll iiHiially (midvi^x;
iTuninl ridges when jireMcn* uwnally low. Gill rakers very
long ami Hlcndor; Hcal.iH iiHiially hiiiooMi, lew, if any, ancs.
Hory scales . Hrancliiostegals and lowei ,jaw Mcalcd. I'oics
of lower Jaw concealed except in sonic species of Acuto-
mentum.
/. I'niocular 8i)ine» well develojied. Perilimeuni black.

g. rostocnlar spine present. Siii)raocn'ar, tyniimnic

and occipital si>ines well developed. Second anil

8]dne HtronKcr and usually longer than tlietliirl.

Synipliyseal knob strong, proJe(!ting forward.

Dorsal low. Lower pectoral rays normal, not

thickened. No s))in<>s on inter- and subopcrclcs.

(Mandible and »naxillary scaled.) AcrTo.MKxrr.M.

gg. rostoculnr 8]>ineH not develoi)ed. Siipraoeidar and

tyni|>anic sometimes iiresent, always concealed

by the skin. Oc(ii)itals ending in s)>ines or nol.

Interorbital wide, convex. Lower pectoral rays

thickened, their tips projecting beyond <1io mem-

braiK'. Hones of the skull striate and ]>itted.

Mouth small, narrow. Spines ou inter- and suit

opercle sometimes present, reritoneum black.

I'KIMo.si'l.NA.

f/. Preocular without sjdne; skull smooth, without s|)iiie.s.

Lower pectoral rays norniiil. No s|iincs on inter, or

suboperclc. I'eritoneum usually white.

Skhastosomus.
dd. Parietals separated by the supraoccipital.*

h. Uranium with parietal ridges only. Lower Jaw much project-
ing, entering the iirotile; a prominent synipliy.seal knob
directi'il forward. Head broad, convex. Interorbital con-
vex, nearly smooth. Lower pectoral rays normal; no
spines on inter- anil .wubopercle. Exposed hrancliiostegals,
maxillary, and mandibles densely scaled. Pores of lower
Jaw concealed by the scales. SKn.vSToDK.s.

hh. Crfiniuiu with many ridges, all ending in spines. ISranchios-
tegals (excejit in A.miiora, H. iiroHijet; and «S'. rufui/) and
usually the lower Jaw naked. I'ores of lower Jaw, except
in Aucti'Kpina, very large, con8]>ieuous, sPtlike.
i. Postocular and tym)ianic. spines lioth present. Lower
pectoral rays thickened (e.xcept in Srbattoiiiug rv/us) .
Interoporcle and suliopi^nde usually with spines.
J. Coronal and nuchal spines present ; a sjiine below,

another in frmit of eye. ( ).

jj. Coronal spines not developed. SEnAtaDMis.

ii. Postocular spine not developed; interopcrde and s.ib-

opercle each with a spire at tlieiv approximated

corners.

k. Coronal spines not devehiped ; lowt^" pectoral rays

usually thickened; interorbital usually witli

a groove in its middle. The large pores (■•)

along e.ich ramus of the lower Jaw open. >Iax-

illary, mandible, and hrancliiostegals usually

naked or with minute embedded scales.

Ptkkoi'odus.

* Except in (ereun and sometimes iu elongatus.

t
?'

5]i-

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1773

lly convex ;
'itkers very
any, acres-
led. I'oics
>« of Xcutu-

black.

tympanic,
^cconil aniil
n the tliii'l.
g loruanl.
iiiniial, nut
ubopcrdcs.
■ToMKxrr.M.
locnlar and
s concealed
lines or nol.
eetoral ray«
1(1 tlio niein
and pitted,
er- and huIi
leiini blai k.
'Ul.Mosi'l.NA.
loiit Hpines.
on inter- or

A8T080MUS.

iich project-
lyseal knob
•orbital con-
iiorninl; no
i'lliostei;als,
•es of lower
Un.VSTODKS.

JSrancliioH-
. '•!'/««) and
i aw, except
u.

Lower
u»rv/us).
pines,
no below,

( ).

IBASTOMl".-;.

and Hdb-
>ro.\iniatcd

•toral rays
iialiy witli
pores (-1)
I'n. Max-
Is usually
es.

IKOrODUS.

I'k. Coronal spines developed; interorbital with a

nic.lian ridge; gill rakers long; lower jiectoral

rays normal, not tliickencd and Mushy. I'oreg

of lower Jaw (in anriciilatiia) entirely closed

by a thin membrane. ArcTosiMNA.

ce. ''alatines without teeth. I'reocular. supraocular, postocular, t\ mpanic,

parietal, nuchal, and coronal s]iinoH developed. Suborbital stay witli

a sharp spiniferous riilge. SiohastuI'HIS.

.vbout 12 or 15 sprcies * of Sehaainileii luivr liceii (Icsrrilied from the wat<irs
itt' Japan, and iihout 5r» 8i»ecies from tho I'ju'ilic coiist (if Nortli America.
riiiiB far non(; liaH I)«m-ii found common toliotli coauts of tho Pacitic. There
is proof that at htm't 'A H|>ecies inhabit the west coast of South America.
In view of the fact tliat nearly all the species of this genus have been
(liacovorcd during the last 15 years, that there are strong indications that
tilt! coasts of .Ja])an and temperate South America may contain nearly as
iii(!at a variety of forms as has been brought to light on the coast of
America, and that tho range of known species is likely to be greatly «!X-
touded, it has been th(m,<j;ht i»roper to apjtend in footnotes the diagnoses
of all the known species of this remarkable genus. (Sebantea ; f 1^601;, re-
semblance.)

Analysis of North .\MEnirAN Species op SEnASTODK.s.

oi.AuruB, 'J177.

KmMEI.AS (er, in ; Hc'Aa, black) :

I. Dorsal spines M; skull tiiick, with small spines; colors dull.

I I. Dorsal Njiine.s always lit.

((. Interorbital spae(! more or less convex (never concave), broad, less than ;ij in base

of skull: cranial ridges vt'Ty low or (d)solete, the s]iines, when jin'sent, delicatts

base of skull strongly ciu'ved, nu!sethmoid processes not elevated (not directed

ui)ward), ventral process of baaisphenoid riulinientary (or fairly d(n(doped only

in young) ; skull usually thick; anal rays III, 0 to 111, 0; gill rakers usually long

and slender; snoiir, ]>reorbitals, aud.iaws more or h-ss scal.y.

b. Cranial ridges (except pjirietal) all ob.solete or very slightly developed, cranial

spines absent or very inconstant and niiiuite (regularly present only in young),

(preoeular spines \ >iially present in myslimm) -, lower .jaw much projecting.

SEBASTODES:

c. Parietal bones not meeting; racsethmoid processes weak and depressed ; scales
small, 90 to lUO transverse series of scales above lateral line, 5;') to 80 tubes;
lower Jaw much projecting, entering protlle, a large syniphyseal knob,
directed forward. A. Ill, 8 to 111, 10.

A fossil species is referred to this genus, viz: Sebafitoden rotce, Eigenmann, known
Iroiii a fragment found at Port Harford, (Jalifornia. It is thus describetl:
■ Si'hastoden ( I ) roscv, Eioenmann, Zoe, i, Ki, 1890.

'■ During half an hour's search in ii '■)ed of Tertiary fossils at Port Tlarford, California,
;i cc)mparativ(ilv large number of Hsh reiuain.s were 'discovered. They consisted mostly
ol isolated, and in many cases fragmentary, bones, mixed with tho rei'iiaius of mammals,
liii'ds, crustaceans, radiates, an(' nH)lIusks.

■' .\mong the tish reuuiiiis is the h»wer of the jinjopercle of a Hebastodes, or some related
;:rnus. It represents a fish about 0.30 ni. long. The \i lower iireojiercular spines are
<>r :ihout equal size and the distance between them is about e(iual. They are all directetl
downward and backward. The ridge between the exposed portion of the limb and that
liiirtion serving for the attachment of the muscles of the cheek is less inarke(l than
in living species, and the latter surtiue is shallower and broader. Compared with liv-
ing species of ISebastodf* this species most rc^sembles rotacnix; the preopercle is, how-
ever, miu'h heavier. The openings into the mucous canal dltl'er from all living spctMea
very strikingly. There are 'A such openings, or pits, on the anterior half of the tirst
.s|iii'ie, decreasing in size backward (the posterior is quite small and not in view in tho
;i('i'omp;inying figure). There is a large pit between the tirst and second, and another
iM'tween the second and third spines, and 2 smaller ones on the anterior half of tUeaecond
spine. The species may stand as Hebatttodcn ( I ) rotce," (Eigenmann.)

1,!-

, : ■liv'

"tX

1774 Bulletm ^7, United States National Museum,

d, Perifoiipmii wimlly black; liody v«!r,v HloiidtT, tlio dopth 4 in l<<n);lli; cdl
oriition silvery olivii or rod; Hkcleton ratlior lloxiblo. A. Ill, Dor I(j,
H(;iiloH 55, Kill rnkcrs a:+2!>. .iC)nr>ANi, 217h.

dd. Peritoiiutiin whitour with dark (iotn; doptli about 8J iu lcnf$lli ; Hkoletmi
Hrni.
e. Anal rays III, 8; porca of liitoral lino about 55; ^ill rakcrit x i^:.
duHky olivaccoiia above, nilvury on sidcH, more or Icbh IIuhIicmI with
rod. fifxnjKi. '2\~\i.

ee. Anal riiys III, C; tubno of lateral lino 05 to 80; color li;;bt oliviicciiii-.
red; young olivaceous, Honicwbat iiiottlcd. PAi'cmi'iNis. i!l.«i'.
ec. Parietal lumos usually nicetinj;; niesetlnnoid procesHos bettor dovuloiicil.
straiKlit, not elevated.
SebamTobomus {Sehanten; aii/xa, body) :
/. Peritoneum white; dorsal tin deeply emarginate.
g. Anal rays III, 0.

h. Pectorals reaching tips of ventrals, but not quite to vent ; olivaceous :

caudal yellowish green. flavidis, 2IKI.

hh. Pectorals not n^aching tips of ventrals, not nearly to venl ; gras oi

varying shades, the back darker; u series of large white blotdits

along sides of back much more marked in some than in others;

flns yellowish. sekhanoidk.s, i;i8J.

gtf. Anal rays III, 8; color dusky, sides spotted with black; caiulal dark.

MKLANOI'.-t, 21H3.

PRiMO.srixA {priuivs, first ; uphivs, spine) :
//. Peritoneum black ; colors dusky, tins blackish, dorsal flu not very deeply eniiii-
ginate.
i. Anal rays 111,8; |)reocular ridges obsolete, frontal region between tliein
not specially convex ; color greenish, s])C(^kled with olive.

(■|I,IATU.«, 21iJ4.

ii. Anal rays III, 9; preocular ridges present, usually ending in M[»ine«. iVdii
tal region between them bulging; color blackish. mvstinus, lM8.'i.
lb. Craniol ridges soinewliatdevelo])ed, itreociilar, postocular, tympanic, and ])ariei;il
spines usually all present, delicate (su|>raocular also present in some species :
tympanic upually absent in atrovireim) ; lower jaw projecting ; ]>arietal bones
' usually not meeting.
ACUTOMENTUM {aetitun, acute; mentum, chin):
j. Lower jaw much projecting; scales rather small; lateral line 50 to 75 ; analrnvs
III, 7, to III, 9; dorsal fin not deeply em.irginate, soft dca'sal low.
k. Second anal spine scarcely or not longer, usually shorter, than third.

I. Supraocular spine wanting; color creamy olivaceous; peritoneum

black. BNTOMELAS, 218(i.

I{. Supraocular spine usually present.
m. Peritoneum black.

w. Anal rays III, 8; compressed, elongate ; rufous, variously
marked w^itli brown. nuFU.s, 2187.

nn. Anal rays III, 7; elongate; head pointed; mostly hl^ick
above, lateral line vermilion, black band below it.

MACDONAI.DI, 21 KK.

mm. Peritononm white. buevisimnis, 2is'.i.

kk. Second anal spine notably longer than third ; peritoneum black.
0. Supraocular spines usually present.

p. Body rather ovate, the depth less tiian 3 in length.

g. Lateral line about 70 ; color chiefiy creamy. ovAi.is, 21!ui.

(jq. Lateral line about 4U ; color darker. eicexmanni, 21'.il.

pp. Body elongate; depth more than 3; pores of lateral line rm

to 52.

r. Pectorals not reaching vent; A. Ill, 7; color creamy wit li

dark bauds; spines on head very weak, oftt'u absent.

HOPKUiSi, 2rJ2.

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America, 177.')

lotweeii tlifiii

vr. I'octoralH roacliiiiR vents A. Ill, 8; diiMky aliovc, with
faint trncuH of lUrkur blotclicM along Wack.

ALUTirt, 219:1.
00. Bupraociilnr KpinoH aliHont, bmly rather ))lon);iito; A. Ill, 7; color
cliii'lly rt'il. ntouioKK. '.M!>4.

Kosicoi.A (riiteus, n'd; <'((^(, to inlmbil ; living in the zono of rrtl ulj^ii') :
jj. Loworjiiw littlo projpctinn; Rcalcs niodcratn, liitnral llni: 45 IoTm; A. 111,7,
or III, (1.
». Supraocular I pineproHnnt; A, III, 7; color hmI.

t. ScalpH on niandiblo Hniootli ; color chictly orango. I'lNNHiF.u, SUI.").
tt. ScaloH on mandibb' vc^y roiiKli; color cbinlly brick red.

u. Color above. dcf|) vermilion, niottletl with lloahctdoron HidcH;
belly light red.
V. No K|tin<'H below oye. minmati'h, 211)6.

Dii. SpineH prenent below eye. ai.KI'TIA.m s, 2ll>7.

ute. (Jolor reddmli orange, inncb mottled on back and upper part
of sideH with dark brown. ATROIlt'ltKNa, 21it8.

M. Sapraocnlar H])ine wanting; interorbitnl npaee but little convex: man-
dible with a few Hmooth Hcales; color oil vaceus. A. Ill, (i; tynipaniu
spine iiHiially abnent. ati'.oviuk.n.s, "jII)'.*.

Eo.'^F.BABTES (qio*, dawu ; Sebastct) :
aa. Interorbital space flat or alightly concave, of medium width ; me.sethmoid proce.sKes
but little or not at all elevated, ventr.il jfrocesH of bimiBphenoid rudimentary.
Cranial ridges and spines moderately strong. Lower , jaw moderately or not
much, Hometimes not at all, projecting; gill rakers usually long and slender;
A. Ill, 6, to III, 8. Deep-water species.
w. Base of skull stjongly curved, supraocular spine absent.
X. Parietalrt not meeting, lower .jaw somewhat projecting.

y. Gill rakera 10 -f 22 : dark bars on sides faint, becoming obsolete with

ago. SAXK'OLA, 2200.

yy. Gill rakers 10-1-21, slender, 2J in orbit; no distinct dark cross bars.

IHAMKUI, 2201.
yyy. Gill rakers 10 -|- 27 ; 2 dark half bars on side con8pic\ious and per-
sistent. sEMiciNt rus, 2202.
XX. Parietals meeting; pnimaxillaries with prominent dentigerous knobs,
between which the tip of lower .jaw fits. Dipr.opuoA, 220U.
w«). Base of skull nearly straight; supraocular spine present, luite strong;
coronal and nuchal spines usually present.
z. Second anal spine much longer and stronger than third. A. Ill, 6;
pores of lateral line about 29. auroua, 2204.
zz. Second anal spine little or not at all longer than third. A. Ill, 7 or B.
Mouth and gill cavities more or less lilack. melanostomi's, 2205.
zzz. Second anal spine e(|ualing third in length. A. Ill, 7. Lining of
mouth and gill cavity larg 'y black. inthonioeu, 2200.
aaa. Base of skull straight or nearly so; interorbital space as a rule concave and nar-
row; the cranial ridges and spines well developed. Mesethuioid processes
directed upward ; ventral process of basisphenoid well developed; skull com-
paratively thiiL Gill rakers usually short.
Sebastomts (Sebaxtes; uiio's, shoulder):
a'. Supraocular si)ine present; interorbital space concave.

b'. Second anal spine scarcely longer than third ; color red, neaHy pHin. Cranial
ridges broken and armed with accessory spines ; iuterorbital sj»ace nearly
flat in adult (ridges smooth, interorbital space concave in young, as in
Sebastodes romveus). KUBKRUlMrs, 2207.

bb'. Second anal spine much longer, usually stronger, than third. Cranial ridges
smooth.
e'. (/'olor more or less rosy, with 3 to 5 round blotches of pink on sides of
back.
d'. Dorsal spines iiauall.v low, the highest less than } the length of
heiid ; no small green spots on sides of back.

t';

i i

KJ;

W

p^^^"^^

r«<;

i:

177C Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

m

e', liody ovor.ywhoru with siiiull round imlo HpotH.

CONSTELLATt'S, 2208.

c«'. Ilody without Htcllnte Hpotn.

/'. Secoiiil iinitl H|)ine h)iii;op thnii third.

y'. Mundildo Hfiilv ; tlio Ti Iurp< pinic blotrhen wanhrcl
»\ itli (iraiiut^ ; (icncrnl ccdor ll;;lit orniiKc, oviirlaiil
with bhu'kiHli; internrbitul ttpave riillicr liroud.

umuhohi,'!*, 22(iii.
g<j'. Mandihli< iinl<r)d; pnlo IdotclioR on Rid<<ii Hiirroii'idiil
liy piirpit* Hliiides: hend with piirpllsii abovr.
h'. Siiprnurbital rid^" ratliur lii^h, willi Mpincx.

ROSACKUS, 2'JIO.

hh'. SnpraorliitalridKclowur, thi(k(T, and williont,

HpincH. AVHKsi, 2'Jll.

Vgg', Mundil>le partly scaly; hccoimI ;inal vi-ry U>\\)i.

cranial ridden very Hharp; palo ))l(>t('heH on pidcs

Hurrouuded hy green shadoH, no purple,

lIHOIKMIIUUllrt, 2'.'rj.

ggijg'. Maudiblo and maxillary scaly ; dorsal rather hij^li ;

interorbital tlattish with deep median groovo;

pale blotchi's washed or t'mltMl. Kos, i:213.

/'. Second annl H])ino about an long an third ; mandil>lo naked ;

no 8ynii)liyneal knob. OIMJ, 2J14.

dd'. Dorsal spines very high, the iiighest J the length othead ; bodyaliovc

witli many small round green spots. Seeond anal s])ine miiili

longer than third; mandible naked. f^iii.oRoaTicTUS, 22l.'i.

cc' . No ronnd blotches of pink on Hides of back. Nuchal s]iiii('s jiresent.

KUrESTHlS, 221fi.
HiSPANicrs ('Iirn-oi'io. Spain ; 'iavavht, Spaniard; Spanish flag):
aa'. Supraocular spine witnting.

i'. Mandible sc^ily; i>eritonoum dusky or black.

j. Lowerjaw only slightly or not at all i»rojecting: peritononm Jot-black.

A'. Mouth and gill chamber Jet-black. U. XIII, 12, A. Ill, 5. Lower

Jaw not projecting. sinensis, 2217.

kk'. Koof of month posteriorly dusky, buccnl and branchial cavities

othtrwiso white; lower jaw a little projecting. I). XIII, 14 or

1.'); A. Ill, 7 or 8. ZACENTUUS, 221K.

ji'. Lowerjaw much])roJecting; sides above with irregular horizontal inter-
rupted olive-green bands ; peritoneum dusky. D. XIII, I.T ; A. Ill, fi.

ELONOATUS, 2210.

ii'. Mandible naked; peritoneum pale or white. Body usually deep.

v. Scales on head mostly cycloid; lowerjaw projecting; head large, pointed-

m'. Second anal spine 4^ in head; color pink, with 4 interrupted cross

bars of black ; back sometimes dusky.

L.T.VIS, 22211.
mm'. Second anal spine 2) in head, much stronger than third; color

pinkisli white, b.inded with deep crimson.

Hi'BniviNrTi's, 22J1.

IV. Scales on head ctenoid; lower jaw usually included; second anal spine

little enlarged.

n'. Nuchal spiiaes none. Body not barred with black. Interorbital

space widening markedly from before backward.

ACCTOSPINA {auetus, self; »pina, si)ine) :

o'. Coronal spines usually present ; color brownish, mottled. AUHiCUl4ATrs, 2222.

00'. Coronal spines none; ridges with entire edges.

PTEBOPODUS (mtpov, wing; ttous, foot):

p'. Gill rakers cTtremely short, most of them as wide as high; general coloi
dusky greenish. UAmiiELuoEU, 222!.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1777

LLATUS, 2208.

j)})'. Gill rnkorK IiIkIiof tlmn wl<l*<.

H'. IliKln'Ht iliirsiil H|iiii« iKilnlily iniim tlinn \ lenijlli of liuiitl.

r'. IIoikI iinti ii|i|i('r ])nrtHii<it Hpt'cklt'il witli iiriint;(\ iiD^inlirnTin or

H|)iiioiiH (loi-Hiil not very ilopjilv inriHctl.

f:'. Color dark lirowii, viiricil witliliKlit lirowin tlorHiil Hpliu'H

iiioilcratit. ('AI'HINI'H, 2'J24.

««'. (,'olor rttildiHli, viii'lt'il witli yollowiHli; <lori«al H|t!ii<'M ex-

li-ciiu'ly )iij;l'. VKXll-l.AitiH, '.••-"J.'i.

rr'. lluafl and iipin-r jiartMi'Vorywliorc H)i('cklfd with oraiiv'o; front

<if l>a(',ky(*llo\visli ; Hoft tinx lilai'k ; dorHalH)iineMf\ti'fnii>ly

IiIkIi, tlioir nicinbrancA doi'ply inriHcd. mai.iiikk, 'I'l'M.

77'. HighrHt dorsal 8]iinu littlo, if any. nioro than \ tlio length of liimd.

/'. Pule lilott'lii't< on Hidt'H not forming a uoutinuonH lateral band;

|)uri(<lal riduoH niodt'ralo.

If'. Palo nwirkingH hrirk red, dark niarkintsH l)iackiHh ; dorHal

nionilirann very deeply ini'lrtcd. (iii.nKUTi,2227.

mJ. Pale luarkinj^M lU-Hb color; dark niarkinKMolivaeeoiiR.

CAUNATI'H, 2228.

MUM'. Palo niarkingK yellow ; dark iiiarkinKM hiackiah.

t'llUYSO.MKI.AS, 2229.

W. Pale lilotcluM on Hides forming a contiuiioiiH lateral band;
body and Hmh profusely speckled wit li pale; dark niurk-
ingH black; pale niarkingH yellow; parietal ridges very
strong. NEIIITI.().SU8, 2230.

SHBASTICHTHYS {Seha$tei: ix""?, flsh):
nn'. Nuchal sidnos p-esent, sometimes eoalescent with parietals; cranial ridges
bigb, arrangi'd iU!:irly in a right line on each side of the narrow top of
head; body with black cross bars, some red, at least on head.
*j'. Cranial ridges with their edge.s entire; color olivaceous, with bla<'k
cross bands, the red cbielly eonlincd to the jaws, .seimuceps. 22lil.
vv'. Cranial ridges with the surface broken, spinous; frontal ridges
elevated; color bright red, with blacR bands overlaiil by red.

NIUUCKiNCTUH, 2232.

k-:

Subgenus EMMELAS, Jordan &. Rvermann.

Intcrorbital

LATtJS, 2222.

2177. SKBANTODKS (JLAUCl'S (HilgendorO.

Head 3jt in length ; dei^th 2^; eye l)i in head, 11 in snout; iiiterorhital
width 3;i| ill head. D. XIV, 16; A. Ill, 8. Lateral line with 5({ pores.
Hij^best dorsal spine 2;^ in head, thirteenth spine 4^, fourteenth spine 3^;
second anal spine 3.:*, third anal spino 31^, longest soft ray of dorsal liHi-
Crown and occiput very broad, more convexly arched tlian in any other
species known to us. Nasal spines low, but strong. Ocular ridge low,
(evident only above front of eye; occipital ridges barely evident, evenly
sciiled over; top of hetul otherwise without spines, ridges, or furrows,
the even convex curvti unbroken. Vertical distance from middle of inter-
orbital space to upper edge of t>rbit e(iualling i vertical diameter of
iM'bit. Anterior margin of preorbital with 2 rounded lobes which do
not bear spinous points; preopercular spines very strong, the upper 2
(losely approximate, the; others widely separated, all the spines sharp
l)oiuted, the uppermost very wide at base, the second much narrower,
the others short and wide; upper 2 spines directed backward, the 3
lower downward and backward; opercular spines strong, Hat, often bifid

t:: I

'I'

It

1778 liullelin 77, United States National Museum,

or trilid; Hpiiuis on ailjacoiit iin^IrM of Hii)>op<>r<'li> niid intoroporrle Konir-
tiiiioH bilid; Ix'hiiitl tlioHO on iiijir^iii of Htibopcnli^ » ftnv nIioiI Hpinon,
points, (iill rakors v«*r,y Ion;; and Hlondcr. ll-|-2!) in iinnilior, tlin antttrioi
1 orL'of lowi*r arrli tulteroiilar, tli» lon>;(v«t (liDniin.) nioru tiiiin jj dianictM
oforltit. Mtin(lil)l«^ vjm'.v lioavy, th<< Hynipli.VHiH not pioilnrod, tin' 2 Jaws
Hnl)0(|nal. VonuM-inf^ and palatini patrlies of fo.^tli fxtroniidv narrow.
Finn 1ii;;li, Mio tliird to H*>vcnth doiNai HpiiifH Hnl)«><|na]; (andal vei \
Hli^litly <fniar>;;inato; anal spinos ;;radiiat*Ml ; pcctoralH scnrruly roaolii'i;;
vertical from vent, tlio lowur !) Hinipltt, tint 10 npp(>r t'orluMJ; vtMitral noi
roacliini; vc^nt, n Ifngtii ol'lnad. Ctindal Hcnlrd to ti)t on inenilnannH iiml
rayH; Hot't dorNal ami annl wiMi narrow lianilN otHralos tollowin;; Ww ra\
to rr niMirly t«> Micir ti))s, tho nienilirancs of tho lirHt II or 4 rayH in oacli fm
wholly Healed on Itiisa! Miii'd; HpinoiiH dorsal nuked; pectorals Niiilcd on
Itasal half; ventruls naked; lioad, Mie maxillary and niaiulihh^, tint lirnn
ehioHt:t;;al rayn, the anterior an<l nppor half of interoperelo, and all of
preorbital uxeept a minute area alon^; itH ])OBterior nniTKin. naked. The
body is covered witli small woakly etenoid seales, lar;;ely covered ovrr
by the extraordinarily developed arcessttry sealoH; scalcH on breast, bell,\,
and ]>repeetoral area Hmooth. The naked skin (utvcrin^ bonen of head
is minntely wrinkled or papilloHo. Color in spirits, light browniHh on
b«>dy and (ins, with darker nhadeH on li|>s, jjill niembraneH, opereles, and
top of head; it may have been reddiHh in life; month and gill cavity
white; |)eritononm .jet-black. One specimen l!» cm. long, from Heri?ii;
iHland. The identilication is made with Home <Ionbt, owing to la<d\ of
any detailed <leHcri])lion of the ty]>e, a dried apocinuMi from Vchso, and to
Home minor discrepancies betweiui the two. Our Hj)ecimen has ">(» (not
4il) tnbcH in the lateral line, the nasal spine iHHmall bnt not propt^rly to Ix-
called rndimentary, the dorsal notch seems somewhat deeper, and the
Hecond anal npine somewhat Hb<»rter. North Pacific; coasts of Japan and
lleriug Island, {(iluiicua; yXavHos, hoary blue.)

t,

ji

m '

Subgenus SEBASTODES.

2178. SKKASTODKK .lOlinAXI, (iilbert.

n. XITI, 11 or 15; A. Ill, i» or 10. Pores iu lateral line 54 to .58. Max-
illary rea<hing vertical from middle of eye, 2.J iu head; snout 3^ in head;
interorbital width \'i; eye large, 3S. Body very slender, the depth I
in the length; the least depth of caudal peduncle J diameter of eye;
head very slender, 2i in length, tapering regularly to the very siiarii
snout. Mandible projecting, its tip entering profile, provith'd with ii
rather snniU but distinct symphyseal kn«d». Interorbital width Hat or
slightly convex, wholly scah'd over, the orbital ridges obsolete or a faint
trace only of the supraorbital, which ia always without spine; occipitsi!
ridges are low and sharp, terminating each in a spinous point. In addi-
tion to these, the tym]tanic spines are sometimes weakly developed, and
the nasal spines are present; head otherwise whollj' smooth; preorldtal
very narrow below ey«!, wide anteriorly, without distinct lobes, but with
1 or 2 weak spinous points; gill rakers long and very slender, 29 present

a., s

Jordan ami Evcrmanyi. — Fishes of North America. 177!l

on horizotitiil limb urontrr iircli, tin- long<'Nt m|ii)i1in)r \ <lininet«'r of orbit;
l»n'0|Min iilar H])iiir,s r>, (oinitiirativcly Hlfiidir, itll ilin-rtid Imckwartl ; «lor-
Hul HpiiioH very Hluudrr, tlio t'oiirtli tlin longest, or tlie foiiitli luid liftli
tM|iiiil, routii'iKMl 2ii to '1\ in length of liitad; tlornal v«ti-,v dcxply notclicd,
tilt' twidftli H|)iiu; liiit ]( art loii^ as tlio loii^rcHt, and bandy coiiiuMMt'd at
baHO witli Mil* cluvciith ; Noft dorsal Hrarcoiy as lii|;li as tbo spiiiuiis; first
anal spine very short, (lie Hfcoiid very HJi^litly Ntroii};t>r than tin^ third,
ai<d nearly or tpiito as lonj; iiicaHiired from basi>, its leii^tli K.^ in head ; tliu
seeoiid H|)inn appears miieli shorter than tlie tliird when tlio fin is declined ;
l(ni^cHt i.oft ray of anal 2;^ in licad; caudal deeply noteluMl. Aiiiih anterior
in poHition, midway between fust anal s)iine and liase of ventrals; tipH of
ventralH ex'tendiii^ to or beyond it, and the pectorals extnidin;^ lieyond
tips of vontralH. Scales Hiiiall, everywhere ctenoid, entirely covering; head,
inultidin^ maxillarioa, mandibles, and snout, except a trian|riilar area on
to)) of snout, beneath v/hich lie the ])rema\illary H))iiicH. Color as in
.S(/n(«/o(/(« //rtorfci, dusky (dive al>ove, brijjht silvery on sides of hca«l and
body, and below; jiiobably witli some red in life; tins unmarked; month
iiiid <;ill cavities j)Uie white, the i)eiitoiieum, jet-black. Skelettm eompi>r-
ativcly flexible as in deeji-water lisheH. I.enKth !) inches. Most nearly
allied to SchtistodcH i/oodvi, from wliich it ditVers iii the much slemleier body,
the longer aual spines, the black peritoneum, and the more nnmeroim ^ill
rakers. From S. vutomvluH and oviiHh this species differs in the obsolescence
of the cranial ridf;ea, iis w(dl as in other details, ((Jilbert. ) This species
stands at one extreme of this jfonns as SdiaHtodcH iiiiiiooiiit'lns stands at the
other. Neither type represents the primitive stock, and it may be, as Dr.
lOigenmaiin has Hugj«'ested, that SihuHlodrx tniintinim is the species nejirest
the pri'::'Mve ty|»e ("rom which thu Lorku It are all descended. (Named
lor Da /id Starr .Jordan.)

Seba»todtgjordani,GiUttKHr. Kept. U.S. Fish Coniin. iskj (1890), 400, coast of California at
Albatross stations agas, 3103, and 3114, 32^^ to 37'^ N., in 63 to 124 fathoms.

2170. SEItASTODKS (iOODKI, Eigcnmann & Kigonnmnn,

: ' • 1

1:

,t '

1

f. ■ '

Head 2^; depth 3S; eye 3? in he.ad, D.XIII, 11; A. III. 8; lateral line
"> (pores), about 90 transverse series above lateral line. Hody very slen-
der, with n.'irrow constricted caudal jieduncle, sharp snout, .ind much pro-
Jocting lower Jaw, the latter well entering profile and furnished with
sym|)hy8eal knob. Kye moderate, slightly longer than snout; maxillary
reaching slightly iieyond middle of oridt, 2^ in head ; least depth of caudal
peduncle less than diameter of orbit; preorbital narrow, its least width *
pupil, with a minute spintt or none. Nasal spine ob.solete. Top of head
.snuxttli. Interorbital width 4^ in head; preorbital region not prominent;
all but the parietal ridges scaled over; preopercular spines flat, sharp, all
directed backward, the second and third equal, the others shorter; »)per-
cular and sniirascapular spines well developed. Gill rakers long and slen-
der, about 25 on anterior limb of arch, the longest -^ length of orbit.
Dorsal spines low and slender, the longest about 2;! in head, the twelfth
i height of thirteenth, the latter about ^ height of soft rays, which are

!■:•«'

> '

»■'- ' KS '

fcfUL, -Si

f

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if'

1780 DuUctin 47, United States h\xtioual Jlfuseiivi.

lowni' tlian \\w H))inoH. Catulal forked for \ its length. Aiinl vory hiiiuII,
tli«t HpiiicH Hliort liiit Htruii^, ^ra*liiiit(t«l, tlio Hflcotitl Htronucr ami Hli);liilv
Hliorter tliaii third, its lon^th it orldt. Soft anal ra,vH low, their ludKlit |
lioad; ]ii'<-torai not nuicliin^ voiit, Ijj in licud, jtrolcctin^ liovond tipH of
vi'iitrals. HraloH rnngli-ctonoid, fonipluttdv inv('Htin}r liead nnd ImmIv,
int'indiiiK niuxillaiicH, nuindil)l«>, and onter iirnnchioHtepil ruyH. (iiH
lakorH 10 or 11 +I2:i to ^o. In '^ yoiiuij; HpoiiinmH tlio occi|)ital HjuncH arc
ovidtMit, tlio otluM'H conroalt'd or not di>v(do]M>d. 'I'litt yonu); hIiow T* diiNky
ItarH downward from bat'k, nndor front, iniddio, and ondof HpinouHdornal,
litdow Hoft dorsal, and on candal p*-<lun(do. 'I'lic head iH contained L'jj tiincH
in tlin ItMi^tii ; the depth :t !. The Hccond anal Npine \t^ an lon^ an tho tliii <l.
hnt douH not \v\\p.\\ its tip when iin is de<-liMod. iJimky oliva-uouH iiliovc.
Hilvery on sides a'.id below, more or Ionh Unshod with red; npinons dorsnl
somewhat dnsky, vortical (Uih othorwisu yellowish, without distinctive
markings; liidn^ of month and i;ili cavity wiiito; ]ioritonenm white, with
Hinall scattered black stellate spots, iin<l more or less clonded with nnniit>'
specks. Hones of skull modoratcly thick; cranial ridges (except ])arietals)
and spines obsoleti*, occasionally a minnto ty'.ipanie or parietal spine pres-
ent; parietal ridfjoH low but distinct, jtariotal bones widcdy separated,
interorbital space nearly Hat (slijjhtly convex), broad, very nearly IJ in
base* of skull; ventral j»rocoss of basisphenoid rndimont.iry, tnesetli-
moid processes weak, Hat, depressed, bjise of sknll (parasidienoid) mark-
edly curved. Lenjjth IH inches. San Dieyo to Han Francisco. More
described from specimens from Albatross Station, 29'l!t, off Hanta Harbarfi
Islands, in 155 fathoms. 'I'h'^ species is now taken in abundance about tln^
('oronados Islands, Santa Calalina, and tho Cortez Hanks. (Named for
Dr. Ooorji;e Urown (Joode.)

Sehiutoilcs goodei, KiOKNMANN \ KiOEVMAN.N, I'roc. Cal. Ac. .Sci. 1800, 12, San Diego. (Coll.

('. n KlKcninnnn.)
Sehaitiehthy$ goodti, GuAiEur, I'roc. IT. S. N«t. Miis. 1800, 75.

21S0. NKBANTODKS PAl'CIKI'IMN (Ayre8).

(BOCAOCIO; MEnOlT; .JACK.)

Head 2ij; depth .SJ; eye 4 to fl in head. I). XIII, 13; A. Ill, 9; VJu
Lateral lino with 65 to HO tubes, about 100 scales in longitudinal series.
Rody elongate, compressed, prolilo straight from ])rotruding tip of lower
jaw to Iront of dorsal. Head large, long, narrow, and pointed. Month
much larger than in any other species, ob1iqu(s tho broad maxillary reucdi-
ing to beyond eye, its length IJ in head; lower Jaw very strong, with a
projecting knob at tip, which protrudes farther than in any other sjjecies.
Prcmaxillary on level of lower edge of pupil. Interoenlar space broad,
with 2 low ridges; top of head scaled to tip of .nout; maxillary and
preorbital scaly; preorbital with narrow neck and 3 small 8])ine8; subor-
bital stay moderate; preopercular spines sharp and diverging, third
largest, the lower often divided; opercular spines moderate. Gill raktrs

* Base, of Hknll measured from tip of vomer to po.sterior euil of basioccipital.

Jordan and liviyniann, — Fishes of North Anuriai. 17HI

hIouiIit, foiiiprttHHfil, not vur.v loiiu. Kyo Iki'^o, Hli^litly iiiuru tliiiii iutt^ror-
liitiil vvidtli. SniluH very hiiiiiII iiikI roiiKli, irri>K>iliii'; at'iMNHuiy hi'iiIkm
low. IMiI'huI HpiiH'H low, riithcr Hlomlor, llii (Im^ply eimuniiiiifts loiij^unt
rpiiio > It'ii^tli ol' lii'jiil, -Ht'iiKuls lii^lit'i' Miitii Nol't iiiyN; <miuIuI ciiiar^inato;
.'iiiiil low, itHHpiiiuH Hinall, Hhor(. ^iriuliiiitt^il, tlio Metoiid Mliortrr tliiiii i\vo;
|icctoi'iil.s iiiiirow, I'u.luT Ion;;, not iii>iirl\ rearhin^ viMit, tlio haHu '\ <iiuni«-
li'i- oloyr; vcntrals Hhortor, itit rracliiii^ tips of |M'ctoralN. I'ali* «lnll
(irauj;« umI, dark Wrown aliovt-, tlm Miil»!HN('in«i\vliat va^nrly Hjiotloil ; vonny
ip|iva('»)()HH; liuM nearly plain, lowor rtMldiMli; npptr dnsky; tip oC lower
i:i\v tiark. HonuH of nUiiII tlilck; rrnnial ri«l;;i>.s (f\<>«'pt pariftaJH) and
Hpiiu'sall o1)s()l«it<-; HHiall HpiiH'M nNiiallv )irt'Hnit in tint vonn^. occasionally
in adiiltH; pariotal ridgt-H low but diHtinct; parietal bones UHually widely
separated; intcrorhital Hpace convex, broad, very nearly :{ in baHc of Mkiill
III adult; incHcthnioid procesHCH wcik, Hat. deprewHed ; ventral process «d'
liusisplienidd rndiinentary, base <d' sknll (parasplu'noid ) nnirkedly cnrved.
Length :(() iinhus. Han l>ie^o to Han rraueiHcu; altnndant iu rulhur deep
water. (/mHci, few; NjMNrf, spine.)

.S'battiH iKitiriHiiiiiit. Aviikh, rroc. <'a1. Ao. Sel., I, 18r)4,«. San Francisco; riMtAUn, t'. S.

I'ac. K. It. Snivey, X, I'inlios.B:!, 1858; (in.r., I'me. A«. Nat. Sli. I'liUtt. 1801, lOu; AvilKS,

I'roc. Cal. Ac.Sci. 1802,215; <irNTMKH,<'iit,, n, 1)8.
,s,l)aiitodeii paucinpiniifJoUUAS iV (JiLUliUX, .Syiioi).si8, 050, 188:i.

, t

Subgenus SEDASTOSOMUS, Uill.

2181. SEB.iSTODES I'ii.iVIUI S (Ayres).

(Yellow-tail Kockkish.)

lleadM; dei>tli 3; pectoral I. 1). XIII, 1;5; A. Ill, 9; scales abont tlO.
Ilody oldony, compressed, back not much elevated. Head rather lon^,
pointed; nninth lar^e, oblique, tbu nmxillary extending to nearly oppe ^te
linsterior inar$;in of eye, 12 in hea<l; prenuixillaries iu front ou level of
liiwer uiarv;iu of pupil. Lower jaw strouj^ly projecting, its synipliyse.il
kiiol» very promioeut, but le.ss so thau iu SchaHlotUx pamispiuia, I'reor-
Itital uarruw, without spines. Top of head evenly scale*), nasal spiiuiH
enly present and very MUiall. Only the parietal ridges visible under
scales. I'reoperenlar spines rather strong, all of them directed strongly
backward; opercular spines moderate; su])rascapular spines snuili, the
upper obsolete. Hcalea medium ; accessory scab's varialde. Dorsal spines
low, slender, longest 3 in head; soft rays rather high, fin very deeply
ciiiarginate, membrane joining thirteeuth spine at about i its height;
caudal tin notched; anal spines low, regularly graduated, third spine less
tiian \ the height of soft rays, second as long as eye ; pectoral tins shortish,
rather broad, reaching tip of ventrals, but not ijuite to vent. Olive greeu,
riither pale, plain or finely spotted with yellowish; fins olive, caudal
strongly tinged with yellow; young mottled; peritoneum white. Bones
of skull rather thick, cranial spines all absent, parietal ridges low. weak,
curved, the outer ridges absent ; parietal bones meeting ; interorbital space
widOj 3 iu base of skull; uearly evculy convex ; mesethmoid proceases (luite

\ i

i

i\&:i

r

nmm

.*'^'

(, ■

1782 Dulktin 47, United Siafcs National A/uscinn,

strong, Hoinowhat compressed, not oloviited; ventral proc^'Hs of bnsispli*'-
iioid riKliiiM'iitary, baHo of skull stronjjiy <'urved. Length 24 iiicheH. San
iJifgo to .San Franciaco, abnudant; an important food-li«u. (JlurUlua;
flcpiia, yellow.)

mebaMtuden jlavidim, Ayrbs, I'ror. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1862, 200, li^.O^, San Francisco (Coll. W. ().
Ayreti); Jokdan &. Uiliiekt, SyuupsiH, U57, 1883.

I
if

Iff'-

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2182. SKIIANTODKS SKKltANOIDES, Eiijonmnim & Elf;enmann.

Head 3; depth 3jt to 3h ; eye U in head. D. XIII, 15 or 16; A. Ill, 9; lat-
eral lino (50 (pon-H). Klonf>atf, slender, the dorsal profile but litth' more
arched than ventral; head coinprusseil, anterior profile almost straight;
snout long, pointed; lower jaw projecting, its tii» entering proiile. I\y<'
large, li( in snout, l|r in strongly convex interorbital. ( 'ranial ridges nearly
obsolete, none of them ending in spines; nasal spines minute, not evident
externally Parietal bones meeting above, Preorbital without spines:
preoperc^ular spines long, slender, the lower ones as well developed as tlio
middle ones in largest sjteeimend ; opercular spines as in Scbtialodca Jixridim.
Gill rakers long and slender, as in Sebaslodca Jlaridiia. Scales large, those
of head greatly reduced; snout, mandibles, and even the lips closely scaled
in the old; palatine patches of teeth peculiar, a constriction near their
middle, the anterior angle turned inwanl. Dorsal fin low, the highest
spine about 3 in head, notch betwe«'n the 2 fins «leep; caudal notched ;
anal spines slender, graduated; pectorals not reaching tips of ventrals,
not nearly to vent. Gray of varying shades, the back always dsirker; a
series of large white blotches along sides of back much more marked in
some examples than in others; fins all more or less strongly tinged witli
yellow and edged with dusky. Length about 20 inches. Cortez Banks
oti" San Diego. (Eigenniann.) {Serranus; siHoz, resemblance.)

Sebaiticthyg jianidiu, Eiuenmann & Eiuenmann (not ot Aykes), West American Scientist

1889, 128.
Sebastodes serranoides, Eioenmann & Eiqexmann, l»roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 18U0, 36, Cortez

Banks. (Cull. C. U. Eigenm.^.nu.)

nns. 8EBASTODE8 MELANOPS (Girard).

Head 3; depth 2f. D. XIII, 16; A. Ill, 8; scales 60 to 70, 53 pores;
peotoral 4^. Head long, in form intermediate between S. mystiiuts and
S. flavidus. Maxillary not (juite reaching posterior margin of orbit, its
length a littl*^ less than i head; lower jaw protruding, its tip on a line
with descending protile. Eye large. Cranial ridges all sealed over and
without spiui's in the adult; space forward of eye rot projecting; pn^-
opercular spines short, but sharp. Gill rakers longer than in S. mystinus,
very slender. Dorsal rather low, deeply emarginate, highest spines 2^ in
head, a little lower than soft rays; caudal slightly emarginate; anal
? spines small, the second shorter ])ut stouter than third, longer than eye :
pectorals short and rather broad, not reaching as far ad tips of ventrals,
which scarcely reach vent. Scales moderate; accessory scales numerous;
mandible, maxillary, preorbital, and snout closely scaled. Olive brown,

Jordan and Ever fuaiui. — Fishes of North America. 17°3

(lark above, aideH paler; upper i)art of sides thickly nmrked with simill
Hhity-black bh)tcheH; head blackish above; a dark streak on maxillary
mid one from eye airoas cheek; fins dusky, dorsal paler at base, with
many dark oliva-brown spots; a black ocMilar spot; lower ra>8 of pecto-
rals often tin;;ed with orange; peritoneum white. Hones of skull thick,
irai^ial ridj^es (except parictals) and spines obsolete; parietal ridges
moderate, sometimes ending in a small spifie; snuiU supra- or postocular
spine sometimes present; parietal bones touching or overla])ping in middle
tliird of their length ; iuterorbital space broad, convex, nearly 3 in base of
skull in adult, mesethmoid procesaos not elevated; ventral process of busi-
splionoid rudimentary; base of skull (paraspheuoid) markedly curved.
I^ength 20 inches. Monterey to Kadiak, most abundant northward; very
abundant at Sitka, where it is called " Hlack Hass.'' At San Francisco
much less common than S. mjtstinus; about Humboldt Hay much more com-
mon, being the most abundant food-lish. {/neXas, black; Mtp, face.)

Si-lmstet melanojig,* CiRARD, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila., vni, 1854, 135, and in V. S. "^ac.

U. K. Surv., X, Fialios, 81, 1858, Astoria and Cape Flattery; Ayues, Tiuc. C'al. Ac. Sci.

1862,213, flj;.66j (ICnt'IEH, CJat., U,98.
Sibaxtosoiiiitii giiinilann,* Gn-h, I'roe, Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1804, 147, Cape Flattery.
/iebagtodeti melanops, Cuameu, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., series 2, v, 18l>5, 592, pi. 58, tig. 4.

Subgenus PRIMOSPINA, Eij^enmann ^'v: lieesou.
2184. SKBAKTODKS ('IMATIJ8 (Tilesiiw).

Head 3J ; depth 3 to 3i. 1). XIII, 16 ; A. Ill, 8 ; P. 18 or 19 ; transverse (ob-
iiipie) rows of scales 46 or 47 (-|-3 cr4 on cau«lal) ; pores in lateral line 16 or
47. IJody compressed, deep. Its width over the base of the pectorals about 2
in the depth ; dorsal outline descending rapidly backward in a slight curve
from origin of first dorsal to end of second dorsal; depth of peduncle
more than 3 in depth of body; h.ad compressed, profile steep and nearly
straight; eye moderate, orbit circular, its diameter a little Iongt>r than
suout, 3;q in head, its posterior rim at about the middle of length of head.
Iuterorbital space strongly convex, its depth a little less than orbit, 3!f to 4
in head. Nasal spines small ; cranial ridges and spines all .obsolete, except
the parietal; parietal ridge very slightly developed, with a minute point
or none, covered with scales. Mouth moderate, quite obliciue; tip of
upper jaw on a levtd with center of eye; maxillaiy 2^ in head, its pos-
terior end reaching about to vertical from posterior edge of pupil; lower
jiiw a little projecting, with a slight symphyseal knob. Very narrow
liauds of teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Preorbital moderate, its
lower edge scarcely at all indented or entirely continuous, spineless ; sub-
orbital stay scarcely visible; preocular spines small, the 3 upper directed
backward and slightly diverging, nearly equidistant and of e(][ual size,
the 2 lower minute or obsolescent; opercular spines small, without visible

* Ileferring to Dr. Girard's description of this specios. Dr. Gill remarks:
' It is also proper to remark that 2 species are apparently confounded by Girard under
tlio naiiio Sf'baitfs melanopn, 1 with 'a small spine upon the suprascapular bone, 2
otiiors upon the edge of the operohj,' and another from Cape Flattery, with the lower
Dpercular spine as well as the supraorbital ridges obsolete, and the forehead between the
eyoa perfectly arched. The latter may be named ISebastosoinus gimuians (Gill)."

\ i

. . ^ -■-.W'i'i'-is'ti .i-ri.'.*,;

II I." I., VP-

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.» iaKi j|H||

1784 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museiun.

ridges. Gill rakers 8l«-nder, 2 iu orbit, 23 or 24 on anterior limb of lirat
Jirclj. Dorsal (iu rathor low, the spines delicate, the iKth longest, 2i to '1\
in head, the set-ond about equal to the eleventh, the twelfth about li in
the thirteenth, the metnbrano rathor deeply incised anteriorly and reach
ing about halfway up the thirteenth spine; soft rays about e<tualing the
spines; caudal fiu slightly Innate, its length about l.V in head; second and
third anal spines about equal in length, the former a little the stronger, l.l
in the soft rays; pectorals reaching very nearly to vent, a little less than
head, 3A in body, their 1>?»80 nearly 3 in their length, the median rays long-
est; ventrals not reaching vent, about 1^^ in pectorals. Scales on body,
opercles, and interorbital space strongly ctenoid, those on mandibles, max-
illaries, and most of those on cheeks cycloid; ])reorbital and snout with
minute scales; accessory scales few. Color in alcohol, dark reddish
brown, mottled with lighter; top of head nearly black; a dark stripe on
edge of lower jaw, another on maxillary; a dark-brown band from ])ro-
orbital downward and backward to posterior edge of preopercle ; a broader
band from posterior rim of orbit backward and downward across pre-
opercle and opercle ; tins all dusky, the dorsals somewhat mottled ; peri-
toneum black. Coast of Alaska, rare; not recently noticed except about
Kadiak. The above description is taken from 3 s})ocimen8, 5^^ to .'i'f inches
long, from Kadiak, in the possession of the Alaska Commercial Company.
No others have been obtained since the time of Pallas and Tilesius. {viliu-
tua; cUiiim, eyelid, with the lashes.)

EpinepheluM «7ia<H»/ Tilesius, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Potersb., iv, 1810,474, "Camtschaticus

et Americanus; " no speciflc locality given, probably from about Kadiak.
I'erea vanabilitt, Pallas, Zoojjr. Rosao-Asiat.. in, 241, 1811, Aleutian Islands. (Typo in

luuseiini of Berlin; red specimeua of SebnitodeH aleutiauKS iucludud as the Huiuiuer

coloration of "variabilis.')
Sebastcn vnriabilis, Cuvikk & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 347 j GUntheb, (^at.,

II, 99.
Sebastodeg ciliattit, Jokdan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 658, 1883 j Cr.vmer, Proo. Gal. Ac. Sci .

1805, 592.

2185. SEBASTOOES MYSTINUS, Jordan & Gilbert.

(PfiCHE PRfiTREj Priest Fish; Black Rockfish.)

Head 3J ; depth 2f ; pectorals 3J in head. 1). XIII, 15 ; A. Ill, 9 ; scales (Jti,
50 to 55 pores. Body oval-oblong, compressed, both outlines evenly curved.
Head rather blunt, compressed; profile oblique, almost straight, becomiuj;
c<mvex with age. Mouth smaller than in any of the preceding species,
oblique, lower jaw protruding; preraaxillaries on level of lower rim of
orbit; maxillaries dilated behind, reaching posterior margin of pupil,
thickly scaled behind, their length 2\ iu head. The region between and
in front of eyes bulging considerably; preopercle with rather strong
spines, the 2 at the angle longest ; opercular spines rather strong. Si^inous
dorsal very low, the longest spines 2^ in head, lower than soft ray.s, tin
rather deeply emarginate; second anal spine stronger than third, and ii
little shorter, 3^ in head; pectoral fins long, about as long as head, their

" D. XIII, 14 ; A. Ill, y ; scales 43 ; no description of color.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1785

iiiiddlo rayH longest, rciicliiiij; beyond vontrala to about tenth dorsal spine;
(iiiulal eniarjjiiiato. liont-s of Hkiill thick; Hpines all absent, except pre-
(iciilar, which is Hunietinics present, ritlges obsolete except the parietal,
which are low and weak, somewhat curved, the parietals meeting or
slightly separated; iuturorbital space broad, evenly convex, 2| in base
of skiill ; mesethmoid processes small, somewhat compressed, not elevated ;
sontral prctccss of basisphonoid rudimentary; base of skull very strongly
curved. Slaty black, becoming paler below the lateral line; sides more
or loss mottled; tips of lower jaw black; top of head with 3 indistinct
cross bars, extending on the cheeks; a dark bar on anterior edge of oper-
clo; fins all dusky; peritoneum black. Length 11 inches. I'uget Sound
to San Diego; the most abundant specios of the i'amily abotit San Fran-
cisco; found in rather shallow water. {i.iv6xr}<i, a priest, from the dark
color.)

S'basliehty/i myitinui, Jordan &. Gn^BERT, Proc.TJ. S.Nat.Mus. 1880, 455, and 1881, 56, 70

San Francisco. (Typo, No. 2696.'i. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert.)
sehastodes mij8tinu8,:ionDKV & Gilbert, Syuopsi.s, 059, 1883.

Subgenus ACUTOMENTUM, Eigenmann & Beeson.

2186. SEBASTODES EMOMKLAS (Jonlan & Gilbert).

Head 3J ; depth 3]^ ; pectoral 3| in head. D. XIIT, 15 ; A. Ill, 8 ; scales 65.
liody oblong-elongate, back little arched. Caudal peduncle slender. Pro-
lilo less ate(!p than in S. oralis, snout blunter. Month small, short maxillary
extending to below middle of eye, its letigth 2^ in he.-id; lower Jaw pro-
truding, its tip entering the profile ; preorbital very nai-row, without spine.
Eye large, loss than interorbital space, 4 in head. Cranial ridges mostly
covered by the scales ; preopercular spines small, directed backward ; oper-
cular spines small; jaws, preorbital, and snout with small scales. Gill
riikers numerous, long and slender, their length about f diameter of eye.
Dorsal spines very low and slender, longest about 3 in head, tin moderately
cniiirginate; soft dorsal long and low, not much higher than spines; cau-
(l.il Innate; anal low, its second spine stronger than third, but not so high,
3j in hei<.d; pectorals moderate, reaching beyond ventrals, not to vent.
Hones of skull rather thick, ridges all absent except the parietals, which
arc low and weak; preocular, supraocular, postoeular, tympanic, and
parietal spines usually present, weak; parietal bones scarcely meeting;
interorbital space broad, 3 in baso of skull, convex; ventral process of
liasisphcnoid weakly developed in young (rudimentary in adults; ; meseth-
moid processes somewhat compressed, not elevated; base of skull very
strongly carved. Dull olive green ; sides with obscure, round, rusty spots ;
billy, lips, and lower parts tinged with creamy ; obscure light and dark
shades across cheeks; 2 or 3 obscure dark vertical bars; fins all dusky,
somewhat reddish tinged; lower half of pectoral reddish ; peritoneum jet-
black. Length 12 inches. Coast of California, Point Concepcion to Mon-
terey Bay, in deep water; rare, {ivroi, within; jneXa?, black.)
3030 35

I'

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mw^-

w

W'

m

m

m

Vv

u

m-

,,i 'lii

mi

u

11 ii--

1780 DuUctin 47, United States National Museum.

Sebantiehthj/t enfumdas, .lonDAN \ GiMiKUT, Troc. I^ S. Xiit. Mim. 1880, 142, Monterey,

California. (Typo, No. 27044. Coll.Jonlnn \ (iilliert.)
HehaMode* mtiimclas, SuMUW A- (Jii.iiKUT, SynopsiB, 059, 1883; Cramer, Troo. Cal. At.

Sol., BericH 2, V, 1805, 20U, pi. 58, U^. T).

2187. KKRASTOnKS RIJFI'S, EiKoiiniann & Eiconinnnn.

Head 3; depth 3A. D. XIII, 14*; A. IIT, HA; 5fi pores iu lateral lin. .
Body coinprcHsed, elongate; prolilo straight, less steep than in St'hn»tudvn
oi-dlh, snout broader. Eye moderate, orbit slif^htly longer than snout, 3.^
to 4 iu head. Maxillary rearhiujj; to middle or little beyond mitldle of eye;
mandible with a prominent symphyseal knob. Interorbital 8li;.fhtly (ion-
vox, as Avide as orbit in smaller specimen, wider in the larger; i)reoculiir,
supraocular, postocular, tympanie, and parietal spines present; the pari-
et.al ridges higher, narrower, more diverging and more conspicuous than
in S. oralis; preoeular rs fully developed as in S. oralia; preorbital veiv
narrow, about 4 in orbit, with 2 small backward-directed spines; preoi>er-
cnlar spines long and slender, all of them longer and stnuigerthan S. oralis,
the lower 2 very long, the second reaching beyond l»ase of third, not nearly
reaching base of third in S. oralis. Head entirely covered with moderate
sized seales, those of body larger. Outlines of spinous dorsal little arched,
highest spine slightly more than 3 in head, the highest ray about e<|ual
to highest spine; caudal emarginate; anal si)ines graduated, second equal
to highest dorsal spine. Rufous, variously marked with brown; lateral
line rufous; upper angle of opercle, a line from eye downward and back-
ward to upper half of pectoral, another parallel to it from upper angle of
maxillary backward, and tips of jaws dark brown; these markings con-
spicuous; head otherwise rufous; axil black; margin of spinous dorsal
and greater part of membranes of soft dorsal black ; base of dorsal rufous,
spotted Avith darker; caudal dusky; membranes of the remaining lii-.s
chielly black, the rays rufous; peritoneum jet-black. Length alxuit 22
inches. San Diego; Cortez Banks; not seen by us. (Eigenmann «&. Eigen-
mann.) {nij'iis, red.)

Sebattode* rtifus, Eioenmann &. Eioenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Hc\. 1890, 13, Point Loma;
Cortez Banks. (Coll. C. H. Eigenmann.)

2188. SEBASTODES MACDOXALDI (Eigenmann & Bcemu).

Head 3 in total length; depth 3f. D.XIII, 13^; A.in,7L Elongate;
head pointed; eye small, orbit Ij in snout, 4f in head, IJ- in interorbital ;
lower jaw projecting; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of
eye, 2 in head. Interorbital slightly convex, without ridges ; cranial ridges
low, obscure, all terminating in short spines; preoeular, supraocular,
postocular, tympanic and parietal spines present; preorbital if diameter
of orbit, with 3 retrorse spines below, the posterior smallest; a retrorsii
spine just below orbit; opercular spines simple and strong. Mandiblf.
maxillaries, suborbitals, and entire snout scaled; scales of head sm.ili,
ctenoid, those of body larger. Spinous dorsal regularly arche<l, fouitli
and fifth spines highest, 3 in head, highest ray 3* in head; anal spines
gi'aduated; the second considerably stronger but shorter than third; tiie

m

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1787

latter 5j^ iu Lead, longest ruy 3 in hoad; pectorals leaching somewhat
Itoyoml vuiitralH. Top of brad and back cliielly Idack, lateiul line ver-
milion, 11 Itlackish l»and jnst hclow lateral lino, nnicb wider forward,
oxtendin^r on sides below tiiu lifth dorsal Hpine; a lai'ijo opcrenlar spot, a
liroad l»iind downward and liackward from eye, a narrow one auroHS
cheek below eye, lii>s and tip of lower Jaw chielly lda<'k, rest of head and
^idcH ehielly vermilion; anal and ventrals vermilion, pectorals and caudal
lilackish, dorsal nearly Idack, axils dusky, reritoneiim, Idack. Length
L'l incheH. San J)iej;o; not seen l»y us. (Kigeumann & Kigeumauu.)
(^Nauied for Hon. Marshall McDonald.)

Sihatlodex proriger, Eigenmann &. EKiBNMANN (iKit of Johdan & OiLUKKT), Troe. Cal. Ac.

Sci. 189U, 15, San Diego.
Acutoinentuvi, macdonaldi, UiUENMASN & liEKSUN, Aiuor. Nuturiiliat 1803, (iti9, San Diego.

(CoU.Elgonniuun.)

Point Loma;

2180. SEBA8T0DES BREVl^PIMS (IScan).

Head 2J; deitth 3L D. XIII, 11; A. Ill, 7; scales Hli or 87, 51 tubes.
i')i)dy elongate, compressed, its greatest width ^ length of head; caudal
peduncle short, its least depth ^ of its length from end of soft dorsal to
base of middle caudal rays; head similar in shape to that of S.prorh/er.
Cranial ridges almost obsolete, except on the occiput, where the spines
are long and depressed, nearly as long as the eye; preocular and supra-
ocular spines present; no tympanic sidnes. Mouth large, the broadly
cxpandeil maxillary reaching beyond the middle of the eye; length of the
ujiperjaw (intermaxilla and maxilla) almost \ length of head; lower jaw
iiiMch projecting, its length equaling that of eye and postorbital jiart of
head; upper half of the maxilhi covered with very fine scales; the man-
dible also has fine scales along its middle and i^osterior portions; numdible
with a well-developed knob at the symphysis; eye J as long as snout,
lather more than 1 length of head, and about equal to width of the
nearly Hat interorbital space; width of i»reorbital less than k lengtli of
eye; preop«'rcular spines short and sharp, second longest, about ^ as long
lis the cy«', the first, fourth, and fifth very small; the points of the fourth
and lifth directed obliquely downward and backward. Gill rakcjs mod-
erately long and slender, 11 -\-23, the longest at the angle k as lo.ig as the
snout or J as long as the eye. Spinous dorsal low, tin- first spine g as long
as the second, and rather more than | as long as eye; the fourth to the
sixth spines longest, rather more than if length of head. Membriiue of
soft dorsal and to some extent that of the spinous dorsal scaly ; longest
solt ray of dorsal rather shorter than the longest spine; the last soft ray
ii8 long as the first spine; first anal spine very short, }■ as long as the sec-
ond, or i as long as the eye; the second spine shorter and stouter than
tiie third, equal to the snout in length; the third spine nearly 1| times as
long as the eye; longest soft ray exceeding length of longest dorsal s]dno
and nearly equal to the postorbital part of the head; i)ectoral8 shaped
very much as in S.prorinei; the lower 4 or 5 rays slightly exserted at the
ends, the middle rays longest, slightly longer than the head witliout the
l)ostorbital part; veutrals not extending as far back as the pectorals,

wmr

^m

II

1788 Bulletin 47, United States National Mmcum.

their distuncu fVoin the vont oqniil to \ their own len^^th, whicli is \ JctiRtli
of hejul. reritoiH'Uin Hilvery white. In Hpirits tlio buck ia pule rnst,\
brown; the si«leH below the lutt-riil line jmler; belly whitish; traci-s ol
diirk color on the membrane of the sitinons (lorsul; Moft dorsal, poctoialN,
vontrals, and anal pale; s(»me traces of browniisb on the candal nicni
branes. In S. iiroriiicr the second anal spine is distinctly lon^^or than tin
third; he ]ieritoneuni is black; a tyni])anic H|)ine is present; the ;rill
rakers 40 in nnmber and many of them ulub-sbapcd at the end, the lon^'cst
rather nion; than i the length of the eye; the fourth and llfth prcopercu
lar Hjines are directed horizontally backward, and the scales are iu l'<
rows. These com|)ari8ons are drawn from the typt' of S. proritjcr. Leujjth
tlA inches. Coast of southeastern Alaska (Kean); not seen by ns; known
«>nly from the type taken in Hassler Harbor. (t/rii», short; sjx'nNrt, spine.)

.1;
■ k,

If'
IfS-

Mi si

If:

s*

SebanHchthi/s prorijivr v«r. brvvitpwis, Hean, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Mufl. 188;i, ;i59, Hassler Har
bor, southeastern Alaska. (Typo. N'»- 112004. Coll. Cai>t. lloiir.v K. Nichols.)

SehaHoden ])rori<ier,,loni)\li & Gn.HEitT, SyiiopsiH,* 050,18811; AlnHkaii M]K'ciiiieiiH.

SehattichthiiH hiei'isjnnis, JoiiDAN, Cat. l-'ishes N. Auicr., 107, 1885; Ukan, I'ruc. U. S.Nal.
Mu8. 1804, 027.

2100. SEBASTODES 0Y4LIS (Ayres).

(ViiTVA; Widow-fish.)

Head 3 ; depth 2|. D. XIII, 14 ; A. Ill, 8 ; pectoral 3i ; height of dorsiil 8 :
lateral line about 70. Body deep, almost oval, back considerably elevated,
])rofile steep, lower ,jaw considerably protruding; mouth not large, max
illary reaching to posterior edge of pupil, its length about 2| in head;
preopercular spines long and slender, all projecting backward; opercular
spines strong ; preorbital narrow, with 2 bluntish spines. Gill rakers very
long and slender, longest J diameter of eye. Eye large, slightly longer
than snout. Dorsal flu very low, notch between sjiinous and soft parts
very shallow, height of 2 parts about e(|ual (2i in head), the membrane
joining l'..dt s]>ine at about i its height; second anal Bi)ine longer and
stronger than third, almost as high as soft rays, 2^ in head ; pectorals
long, reaching ))eyond tips of ventrals; caudal emarginate; maxilLiry
and mandible scaly; bones of skull rather thick, {ireocular spines strong,
supraocular, postocular, tympani«-, and parietal spines present, small, and
weak, ridges nearly obsoh^te, except parietal, which is low and weak ;
parietal 1)ones meeting; interorbital space 3^ iu base of skull, slightly
<5onvex; ventral process of basisphenoid rather weak in yoiing (rudimen-
tary in adults) ; mesethmoid processes compressed, rather weak, not ele-
vated; base of skull very much curved. Olivaceous, strongly tinged witli
creamy red, especially below; membrane of both dorsals covered with
many small, round, black spots; similar spots usually on body; upper fins
greenish, lower yellowish, mostly dark-edged; caudal lin dark; youni;
more green, with 2 or 3 large black blotches on uit{)er part of sides, and

* The statement iu Jordan & Gilbert's Synopsis, p. 950, that Sehattodes proriger has bt'cii
confounded by Tilesius and PalJas-with Sebantode* ciliatun is erroneous. The spuciiiiciiH
called by them dliatug and variabilis include ciliatut and aUutianus, The true proriger in
not yet known from Alaska.

7 ii

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1789

without tliirk 8|)utH oil liiiH; puritouuiim Itliiok. Lun^th l-l iuclius. Coast
of Cnlirorniii, Sun Diejjo to San t^iiiH'iHco, raro; in rtithur <l«>op water.
(oval is, oval.)

>i>batiodes nvalin, AvitES, T'roc. Cnl. Ac. Sci. lriA2, 200 tii 212. ftn- Or>. San Francisco; JonnAV
it Un.HRRT, Synopsis, (160, IHfl'J; CUAMEK, I'roc. ("al. Ac. Scl., Hirita 2, v, 181>.'), .'>94, pi. :>»,
llg.O.

s,ba$Ufhlhy» ovalit, .loHDAN &. (in.nBRT, Prmi. l'. 8. Nat. Mus. 1880, 14;t; Kkien.mann A
KinEN.MA.NN, WoHt xViiioricaii ScittntiHt IHHO. 128.

2101. NEItASTODKS ElflF.XMAXM, Crninor.

1 lead 2, '„; depth 2f;. D. VIII,ll; A.III.S; P.lH'i|;poi«>8inliitorallino41(+
L' on busflof camliil); triinHvcrsu rows of Hcalea 41. liody coniprcaHcd, its
witlth (behind oporcleH) about 2^ i.i its depth; greatest width of bead 2;{ in
itH length; prolilu steop; interorbital spacu Hat, .51 in lieud; supraocular
:ind parietal ridges ([uite well developed, the formt^r flat, the latter diverg-
ing backward; preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic and parietal
hjuneH preHent, not very large, but sharp ; a curved shallow groove at each
side of interorbital space in-side of the supraocuhir ridges. Orbit large,
nearly circular, 3J,- in hoiul, its upj)»'r rim on a level with the profile.
Snout short, about equal to interorbital width; preorbital moderate, with
L' small, sharp spines directed downward and backward; maxillary 2>
in head, reaching a little beyond vertical from po.sterior edge of pupil;
mandible projecting somewhat, with a moderate symphysoal knob. The
ii|ipernu>st preopercular spine small, directed a little upward, the second
longest, hori/.ontal, the fourth and fifth small, but evident; upper oper-
cular spine slender and sharp, the lower shorter, (iill rakers long and
Nlonder, about 2^ in the orbit, 23 on horizontal limb of first arch. Kcales
rough, ctenoid, those on o))erclo8, cheeks, and interorbital ajiace and snout
somewhat rough ; those on maxillary, mandible, and breast mostly cycloid ;
very few accessory scales. Spines of dorsal moderate, the fourth longest,
L'[ in head, the fifth, oi\th, and seventh nearly equal, the twelfth 2^ in the
fourth, the membrane deeply incised ; longest dorsal ray about e(|ual to
longest spine; anal s])ine8 graduated, the second nearly as long as and but
little stronger than third, 2'i in head, 1^ in the soft rays; caudal truncate,
or a little rounded; bjise of pectorals 4 in head, the 9 lower rays 8im])1e,
tlie middle rays longest, reaching a little beyond vent, 3.{ in length of
body; ventrals reachinfj vent. Color in alcohol, reddish brown; pale
bolow; dorsal and pectorals dusky; membranes of spinous dorsal black-
edged, and tips of ventr.als blackish; peritoneum white, with a few black
specks. This species is nearest to Schas odes oralis, hnt the mouth is
linger and the color diflt'erent. One specimen, 7 inches long, taken at
Monterey, California. (Named for Dr. Carl IT. Eigenmaun, of the Uni-
versity of Indiana, in recognition of his work on the genus Schaatodes.)

Schastodes eigenmanni, CnAMEii. in .Iokdan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 2:»9, pi. 42, Monterey
California. (Coll. Dr. W. W. Tholmru. Typo, No. 4048, L. S. Jr. Univ. Una.)

2192. SRBAKTODES IIOPKIXSl, Cramer.

TIead 3; depth 3?. D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 7. Transverse rows of scales
(halfway between lateral line and back) about .")2; pores about 51. Hody
compressed, not very deep ; profile steep ; depth of caudal peduncle a little

w

i

Im

i:

1790 Dulktin 47, United States National Mnsenm.

leHH tliaii orbit. Ilcail c()ni])i'eaHe«l ; oyfl lurtje, (»rl»it \\\ I11 lu'iul; inter
orliitiil space ovoiily convctx, \\ in head; cranial ridjjcs nearly oliHolctc;
parietal rid^fes very low but bn)a(l, brown; nasal Hjtiiies Hiiiall, lar ajiarf ;
prcociilar rather strong, triangular; auprnucular and pOHtocular U8uiill\
present, very niiniite; tympanic and parietal spines HonietinieH present
Mouth iu()«lerate, oblitpie; nuixillary very little more than 3 in lieail
nearly rcaehiujir vertical from center of pupil, its posterior end very wide.
2 in orbit; lower Jaw niiicli projecting, with a ]>roniinent, forward! \
directed, symphyseal knob, which enters the profile; narrow bands of
teeth on Jaws, vomer, and palatines; preorbital rather narrow, its lower
margin lobate, with sometimes a small spino; preopercnlar s])ines Hat,
sharp, nearly eipiidiHtant, all directed backward, the second longest,
fourth and fifth minute; opercular npiuoB Hat, shar]), somewhat diverging,
the u|)per considerably larger; spines on shoulder weak ; gill rakers l.'!i
on anterior limb, long, slender, very little more than 2 in orbit. Dorsiil
H]>ines sh-nder, low, the fourth longest, 2K in head, the twelfth \ as hui;;
ns longest; soft rays equal longest spines; only a slight notch between
the 2 dorsals; caudal lunate, 1^ in head; second anal spine stronger and
considerably longer than third, longer than soft rays, longer than longest
dorsal spine, very little more than 2 in head; pectorals reaching beyond
ventrals, but not to vent, a litth' less than head, 3J in length of body,
their base narrow, equal to orbit, the lower rays not thickened. Scales
rather small, everywhere strongly ctenoid; accessory scales not very
numerous; preorbital, snout, maxillaries, mandible, and branchiosteg.nl
rays scaled; all the fin rays more or less scaly. Bones of skull thin,
cranial ridges nearly obsolete, parietal bones meeting; interorbital space
somewhat convex, 3iV in base of skull; a slight dei)re88ion on each side ol'
a sharp narrow median ridge, and another just within each supraocular
ridge; ventral process of basisphenoid rudimentary; mesethmoid ])r()-
cesses compressed, not elevated; base of skull very strongly curved.
Color much as in St;l)(isfodtH oralis; dark olivaceous, tinged with reddish,
especially below; a large irregular dark blotch under soft dorsal, crossing
lateral line; a smaller one on lateral line below posterior part of spinous
dorsal ; top of head and anterior part of back to about ninth dorsal spine
nearly uniformly dark to below lateral line; 2 indetinite dark bands from
behind orbit across ])reoperclo and opercle; lips black; dorsal fin oliva-
ceous; spinous dorsal dark-edged ; soft dorsal darker at base; caudal and
pectorals olivaceous; axils dark; ventrals yellowish; analpaie; no sm.ill
round black spots anywhere; peritoneum black. Length of type spec!
men 7i inches. Monterey Bay, California; not rare; formerly confounded
with the young of S. oralis; more common than the latter. (Named for
Mr. Timothy Hopkins, founder of the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory.)

Sebaatodct hopkinti, Csamer, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 594, Monterey Bay, California
(Type, No. 2286, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mas. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert) ; Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac
Sci. 1896, 237, pi. 41.

2103. 8GBAST0DE8 ALFTUS (Gilbert).

Head 2| to 2J; depth 3 to 3^; eye 3 J in head. D. XHI, 15; A. Ill, 8; 1'.
17; scales 60. Mouth large^ maxillary reaching back of pupil, 2i to 2^ in

Jordan and livcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1791

IioikI; |)r»tna\illiiri«-H iiotcho*!, tlio HyiiiphyHoul piitcb of teeth, htiwovor,
Hliiittin^ odtHido (h«;iii. Tuutli uii Jiiwh, vomer, and paliitineN in very nar-
row 1>jiiu1h oxiept ut Hympliysis an«l on vomer; a conNpirnouH ilcpruHHioii
(III uticli Hide of NympbysiH tu iceuivo the antorior premu\illary patcb.
Kyo very lar^e, tho diameter oxcoedini; Niioiit. Interorbital space vury
wide, (lat nr Hlijjlitly convex, conspieuously jjrooved, its width lij «ye.
Sttft tins wholly uii velopetl in lino sealus. Cranial ritlges all low, thu spines
HJunder; ooronul and nin-hal spines alonu nbaenf. Mandibiu projuftinj;
iiincbl)uyon<l the upper prolileof bead, the sympbysoal kiudt very strongly
developed in the adult, not noticeably so in ytmii^. Gill rakers loti^r
and nuiiierotiH, \ as lon^ aa oyo. Second and tliird anal spinoa about
equal. Cranial ridges all very low, ineonspicuoiis and with a small
H|dnoornone; nasal and preoeiiiar evident; Hupraoeuiar, postocular, and
tympanic present but hid(^>n by scales, more conspicuous in the very
young; parietal ridge> ivident, ending in low spines; preorbital narrow,
its least width \ eye, its anterior edge with 2 long mucous slits, and in
Bomo cases a single backwardly directed spine; opercular and humoral
spines well developed; preopercubir spines flat, not very large, the upper
2 approximate*!, the lower 2 broadly triangular, tipped with short spines,
directed downwartl and backward; «lurdul spines curved, the longest 2.^
to 2\ in bea«l, the twelfth about f the longest; soft dorsal about as high
as the longest spines; anal spines strong, the second slightly shorter than
the third, which eipials or slightly exceeds diameter of eye. In the
young the second anal spine constantly etjuals or exceeds the third, but
ffrows relatively shorter with age; soft anal rays higher than soft dorsal,
2^ in head; cau«lal well notched, vontrals long, reaching vent; pectorals
longer, reaching nearly to front of anal. Gill rakers long, clavate, \
diameter of orbit, 25 on anterior limb of arch. Scales rough, ctenoid,
with many accessory minute ones, which are especially abundant on head
and nape; head wholly scaled, including the interopercle, maxillary and
mandible, and the outer brancbiostegal rays; anterior surface of pectorals
and outer caudal rays c^losely invested with minute ctenoid scales which
extend well toward tips, also of soft dorsal and anal tins. Color bright
carmine red, lighter on belly ; dorsal dusky, edged with black ; an elongate
olive brown blotch along base of soft dorsal; a shorter one under the last
spines, f<nd a faint one under the middle of spinous dorsal, the latter
extending farther down on sides ; a dark blotch on back of caudal pedun-
cle ; belly silvery, washed with I'cd ; a dark blotch on opercle, 1 on
axil, cross bar on occiput, 1 on snout and 2 dusky bars on cheek;
lower lip and tip of mandible blackish; mouth and gill cavity dusky;
fins all rod, the spinous dorsal broadly margined with blackish ; perito-
neum jet-black in tho young, varying from black to gray in adults; length
12 to 18 inches. Pacific coast from Bering Sea to Santa Barbara; com-
mon northward in deep water. This species was described from a single
immature example, dredged by the Alhafross south of Santa Cruz Island,
southern California. No additional material was obtained during the
extensive dredging operations of the J Ihatroas on the California coast.
The species is, however, very abundant in the north Pacific, both north
and south of the Aleutian Islands. It was taken at varioua dredging

I

r

£-.i: 7A='-'_Vi-'-

1702 1) idle tin ./7, United States Nationat Must urn.

Wi

m:

Httitiuiis, iiortli of (Itialiiskii IhIhimI. in tli«) vicinity of Unimiili I'iihh, in
HriHtol lluy, iiiid Hoiitli of Mm AliiHl<aii I'cniiiHiiln, in (luptliN of :ts to I'.'k
futlioniH. A HinirJH in*liviilnttl watt alno tiilxcn witli hool< unil lino in I'na
hiHku llui i)or. At one of tlio aWovi' HtationH IM Hp«>riuii<n8 wrro taken wltii
the buani iiuwl. Thi.-t atltlitiunal material hIiowh that i^. ululna in ono oi
tlio l»ri^lit-ro(l rocktiHli, inoHt cloHi-ly nllitvl, prrhapH, to .s'. nitHJa/it*. From
tliu iattor it dilVorH conHpirnonNly in tlio ){r«-atly produced nuindilMilar
HyniphyHiH, with tlio very ]ironoun<'ud HynipliyHeal knoh, uh well hh in otluT
rcHpuctH. It 1h nlliod hIho to S. jtrorhitr, bnt <litIVrH anion;; otiiei' pointH in
having both postornliir and tyiupanit; npini-ii di^vt'loped. Uh rulationH to
*S'. btrrUpiniH, Hoan, am uIho clo8«^ (Oilbcrt.) (<iAt»t»rt)j, nnwaHhun, from
tho Hpecklod coloratiou.)

Scbailifhflii/t alutim, <;n.iiEi(T, I'ror. IT. R. Nat. Mas. 1800, 70, Santa Barbara Ulandi,
(Typo, No. 48244. Coll. Albalromi.)

2101. MRBAKTODKM PKORKiKR (Jordan & Oillx^rt).

Head 3; depth 3j^. I). XIII, 13; A. Ill, 7; V. 3^ iu length; Hcales To.
liody elongate, Honi«'what conipreHsud, a little le^H slender than in Sihos-
todvB cloiKiatuH, which thin Hpeeiea niiieh reHonibles in color and form.
Head rather Hniall; month Hniall, much an in >s'. oraliit, tho nhort, broiid
maxillary extending to beyond the middle of the eye, tho premaxillary on
tho level of 1ow«t margin of ]in]til; maxillary '2^ in head; lower jaw
strongly projecting, with u conspicnouH symphyHoal knob. Eyo very
large, longer than Hnont; pntorbital narrow. Cranial ridges very low and
weak; prooeular, Hnpraocnlar, tympanic, and occipital prcHcut; most of
the ridgeH partly covered by scaloH; tympanic Hpine minnte; ocei|)ital
ridge not conHpicnons, tho spine depressed; preopercular spines sharp,
the second longest, thtt points of all dire(;tod backward; opercnhir spines
moderat«\ Interorbital space broad, nearly as broad as the eye, somewhat
regnlarly convex, the middle being elevated. (Jill rakers very long, slen-
der and nnmerons, the longest longer than snpraocnlar ridge, and about
i the diameter of eye. Scoles rather small. Dorsal lln very low, as in A'.
oral'iH, not deeply emarginate, the highest spine little more than i length
of head; soft dorsal low, ^ as high as long, the highest ray about equal to
the longest spine; caudal tin moderately forked ; anal tin low, its length
nearly equal to the height of its longest ray; socond sjune much longer
and stronger than third, scarcely shorter than longest ray, 2i in head;
pectorals rather long and narrow, the tips reaching beyond tips of ven-
trals to vent. Hright light red, mottled above with dusky olive green,
the ground color forming distinct blotches under third dorsal spine and
under first and last rays of soft dorsal ; lateral line running in the middle
of a very distinct continuous red stripe, precisely as in S. elonf/alufi; head
above with ])urplish cross shades ; opc^rclo with a dusky blotch ; 2 olive
shades radiating from the eye; lips and tip of lower ,jaw blackish; iris
red; caudal lin bright red, speckled with dark olive ; spinous dorsal bright
red, the posterior part of each membrane blackish ; soft dorsal olive and
red; lower fins bright light rod, with shades of olive yellow; peritoneum

a.-..

I i

I' K

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. MSSW

lilauk. L<'nv;tli 10 iiiclirH. CoiiNt of ('uliloriiiii, froiii iSati I)i»){o t(» San
I'raiK'iHro, in (Ifcp wut»r; not ran-, {pioni, pmw; ijrro, I bonr.)

sehailiehthyii prorigfi; .Iohhan a 4iII.iu:i(T, I'rot'. U. S. Nut. Miih. IMU, 3'J7, Monterey.

(Tyiic, No. 'J7lnr>. ('oll.Joriluii a (iillxrl.)
M7;1x^><iM t>ronijtr, Juiida.n \ (Sii.HKitr, .SyuoimU, (lAI, IHtU.

Submenu* ROSICOLA, •Tonlnii A P.vornmnn.
219ri. NKIUKTOUI'iK IMWKlKIt (lilll).

(FMOMA; DKANiiR KotKriHII.)

Head 2ii; depth 2?; pectoral 3A. |). XIII, 11; A. Ill, 7; H('al«>H IK. Hody
Hither robuHt, olovatud, ami (■(nnpn'NHod; mouth lar^o, olilirino, maxillary
ruarhiii); to helow poaturior margin of lar^o oy«>, its Ivugth k head; man-
tlihlf somt!what projortiiig, with a knol> ut tip ; tbi^ niiddlo tuoth on u raiHttd
basu whicii titH into tlio cniarKinatiou of nppcr Jaw; intonirbital Hpnce
iiH wid«MiH uyo, which i« I in head; Hpact> botworn parietal ridg(>H concave;
lioth JawH, prcorbital, maxillary, mandible, and Huoiit H<-aly, Hcalra on
lowor Jaw Hniooth; prcorliital rather narrow, with 2 HpinoH; pr4'0]ior(ii-
lar HpincH long and Hharp. Dornai lln deeply enuirginatc, itn spiuoH ratlior
liigh, nearly as bigh as Hoft rays, longost 2.) in bead; caudal lin lunat«s
jitfctoral lin long, reaching to tips of long viMitrals, past 'teni; liaHoof
pectoral narrow^ altont an broad as eye; secontl anal spine strong, nearly
as long as thii'^l, W in bead. (Jill rakers very long and slender, nearly I
iliameter of eye; accessory scales numerous, especially on head. Mones
of skull thick; parietal ritlgus quite strong, ending in a spine; pr-ooular,
Hiipraocular, postocnlar, and tympiinic sjiines present, thin, sliar]), and
KJcnder, their ridges weak; parietal bones well separated, int orbital
Hpace convex (ccmcavo on each side of center), broad, ',\\ in base ot skull
ill adult; mesethmoid itrocosses not elevated, vi'iitral process of basis-
phenoid rudimentary; base of skull markedly curved. (Jround color
light olive gray, jtrofusely blotched with bright <'lear orange red or with
light orange yellow, the ntd shades predominating above, the pale below;
lielly nearly white; top of head with cross blotches and nuirblings of
orange, alternating with pale; sides of the head llcsb colored, with 3
I iright orange bands radiating from eye; maxillary with orange touches;
lips pale, tinged with blackish; inside of mouth pale; dorsal lin with
membrane bright orange, a largo black blotch occupying membranes be-
tween seventh and tenth dorsal spines; this spot is usually distinct, but
in old examples sometimes obsolete; pectorals light red, mottled with
yellowish; other tins all ^-'jht orange, without dusky tips, slightly mot-
tled with paler at base ; lateral line running in a distinct continuous light-
Kiay streak, which is not crosst^d by the red markings ; old specimens some-
times with largo inky blotches on ditl'ereut parts of the body; peritoneum
pale. Length 25 inches. Pacific coast of the United States, from San
Diego to Paget Sound; one of the most abundant species; constantly
found in the markets, (pinniycr, large iinued. )

TfT'TWr-

1704

nulh'tiu ^7, ['nihil Statt's National Must inn.

I I i

■

r

I i j

4

;i

m

%

SfhiiitmlfM rimacKiK. Avkbh, I'roc. (.'ul. Ac. Hrl., II, 11)02, 218, IIk- "2; imt Srhatltn rutareiit

lilllAltl).

Si'hanlitiioitivii fiinniii^r, Ull.l,, I'roc. Ar. N'lit. Scl. riillii. IWU, M7, San Francisco.

iSihanti-hlhin iiiiiniiii-r,A>>UttAf< \ lllI.llKlir, I'roi'. I .S. Nut. Miih. IMHO, 72.

SrImHimli'i iituniiji't, ,liilitiAN A < 111.111:11 1, HviioiihIm, (1*12, |HH:I| KiuKNMANV \ KlOKNMAN.N

I .oc. Ciil. Ac. Scl. IHUO, It); (;HA.MIClt, I'l'oc. C»l. Ac. 8«!l., acficH 2, V. IMUS, noO, |i|. I^ti,

tig. 7.

SliMI. SKII.iNTOIIRH MIN'IATrH(.ronliin\ (iillinrt).

(KaHCIKHA; ItANIIKIi.)

Il(m<l2'|; *l<>|)tli:<; ])(«ct<)ralH DL l>. XIII.ll; .\.III, 7; HtahmlT. Iluily
oWloii^, tli«« lonii niiifli iih in SrlniHliidrx itiuniiiir; liitml iiioditnitu. hoiim'w li.ii
|KMiit«t«l; moiitli riitluM' liir^e, tlitmiuvillary itMicliiiiK ]iaHt |)ii|iil,ilH Icii^tli
2 ill httiid; |in;iiiii\illai',v on liut'l ol' li>\v<>r utl^4t of pupil; Iowit Jaw pt-o
Jcetiii); (ioiiit^wliat liuyoiitl iippor, witli a iiiotltMiito Hynipiiy.sral l<iioli;
iiiitliilo ol' iowur jiiw 4^lovati-<l, llttiiiK into an «)iiiar;;iuati<»ii of tlio upper.
II»U(1 iMoro (!oiiiplotuly Nt'iily tliiin in rttlatotl Hpct-ir.s, Mm hciiIvh roiif^bui,
th«) Hcalivs tni th«) pri-oibital and lu'.-id ({t'liiMaily bfinv; fully i't«)noid; inaii-
dibli^ B<-al(>(l oven to (lie ;tyinpliys(Ml i<iiul>, ItH Ht^aifH alwayH roiiKbly
<-toiioid; inter«)p«tri'l«) fully scaltMl; nioHtof tint ItrancbioHteualH witb Ht^ricH
of houIuh; niaxillary, prooibital, and tijMtf Hiioiit fully Hcaitid; pruorbitnl
witli n narrow neck; intt^rorbital Hparo very broad, witb u Hli^lit depn'H-
Hion on ttacb Hide of a tnudian rid^u; proopoicnlar apiiiuH ratliur lon^ und
Hhurp, tlie Ht'conil tlie lon^^urtt, tbo HpincH railiatin^. (iill '.i;kurH. iih in
^'. itinnitjcr, vory loti); antl Hleiidor, tlio lon^cHt abont jj diainutfi- of the
oye. DorHal tin low, ratliur dutiply eniar]u;inato, altoiit an in S.pinninn; but
ratbcr liighur, tbo Hoft ruyH hi<;lii'r tbaii tliu Hpinen; caudal fin Hliglitiy
«;niai'ginat»; anal tin rather lii(;h, thu Httconil Hpinu al>ont an long iih third
and stoiitt^r, littlo moro than k tlio height of Hoft rayH, abttiit :t iu head;
pectoral fin moderate, the tip roacbing aliotit to vent, the biiHo rather nar-
row; ventralH very long, iiHiially r«ia<dting joiHt vent, alinoHt to the begin-
ning of the anal. iionoH of hUuII thick; parietal ridgeH low but broad,
ending in npint'H; preocular, Hnpraociilar, ])OHtociilar, and tympanic Mpines
preHtMit, sharp, broad at base, their ridgcH weak ; parietal boneH widely Hep.i-
ratctl; interorldtal space convex (nearly Hat), broad, '.i in Itase of skull ; ven-
tral process of biLsisphenoitl partly developed; ineHethmoid processes well
developed, cimipressed, not elevated ; ba.se of skull (parasphenoitl) strongly
curved. Color above, deep vermilion, mottled W'tb flesh color on sides,
belly light rod; back and sitles everywhere with clusters of black dot.**,
so that th«^ whole Itoily has a dusky shut'e; top of head and back wit )i
vaguely defined cross blotches made of dark points; 3 ol)souro orango
stripes radiating from the eye ; maxillary with a red streak ; lipg red, niot-
tled with blackish; under side of head light red, mottled with darker;
inside of month red; fins all bright vermilion; spinous dorsal spotted
with olive gray below, the membrane posteriorly edged with blackish ;
soft dorsal spotted below with blackish, a vertical dark-olive streak on
each membrane; other fins tipped with blackish, the membranes more or
less dotted; no black blotch on the spinous dorsal. Length 24 inches.

lt*» rutaceiit

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — Fishes of North Amtrica. 170.»

CoiiNt lit' Ciilirornin, Sun I'riiiiciNco tn Snn l>io);o; cntiiiiiun in tlio tnuikotH;
llir hri'rlit It'll I'oluratiun ilitlorrnt iVuni tliut iil' nil otluT H|i«u-ii!H. (uiiNiufiM,
vorniilion.)

Siba'tiilillinii iiiinialin, .Fhkiian >v Oimikut. Pnic. If. S. Nut. ^(llM. IHMO, 70, Monterey,

K.'iill.liirilaii .V liillirrt.)
Sehastnitit miniiiliin. .liim>\s \ (iiMiKiiT, S.vniitialt, IKKI, lri8:ii (Juamiu, Proc. C'«I. Ac Hrl.,

nitIum 'i. V. iHur,, ouri, pi. m. iik. m.

Subgenui ZALOPYR, Jitnliiii Ar RvortiiHiiii.

8107. MI:IIAHT4MIK:N AI.KI'TIAM'S, .IokIuh a Kviniiiiiin, iii«w Hfwcloi.

Ilonil 1>!; (li'ptli :\. I>. XIII, i:(; A. Ill, K; HnileM :.r>. (.ill riik'TH If L>0.
i'.yo t in Im'iuI; niaxillnr.v 1.'/,, ; Nnont I; Intnrurhital H|iac» I ; iiortmul 1{;
vontrul 1,;; third ilorsiil N|iinit!<1; Hol't <lorHal rayH 2|\ ; himoiiiI uniil Hpine
:t'j ; Hoft anul rivyH 2; nindal li",,; l<)n;;i'Ht giU r ker i uyc. Ilody rutin-r
ilfop, t\w hiu'k tit'cliod, tlio iint<>rii)i' protllo HtitV iinil nnirly Htnii^ht; tup
of huad limad iind liatti.sh. Interorhitul Hparo vtM-y liroad with a low
naktid ritl^o ttn uith«T hIiIu niidwiiy b('tw(!«-n eyo mid niudian lino; Hparo
on oacli Hido of each ridgu cotiriivu. Nanal Hpinu Hliiirp; proociilai' Hpiii««
whoi't aud Hhai'p; Hiipra<)<;ulai- rid^o low, its Npino incoiiMpirnniiH, hut
pntBunt; pimtociilar Hpiiio Hiiiiilar, hut lari;ci'; tynipanir Hiinilar and still
hir^or. Frontal r'u\ne mi i-itlior Hidu nakud, without Hpino, hut with tho
Hhort HJiarp coronal npiuo huliind it, and continnoiiH with it under tho
Hcal ,H. Ot-cipital ridgu Hharp, rathrr low, ini<Unv; in a h>w H]iini-, and
with sonietiini's 1 or 2 HpinuH on itH iip|ier Niirluio; a low oroHs furrow Hep-
aratin^ the occipital from tho Hharji, short, nuchal Hpinc. A HJiai]), short
spinu on the orbital rim at bnun of suborbital stay; ',\ othoiHon the orbital
rim before it; 3 on tho lower ed^c of the prcorliital. Pimt-teinporal with
2 or 3 spinouH points, a nharp spino bi'hind it above angle of gill opening;
a Mat spino on the humoruH. Operclo with 2 strong spines diverging, each
arising from a ridge on the bono. Two H])ine8 at Junction of subopercle
!iiid intoropercle. i'reoperi'lo with r> ra<liatiiig spines, tho second longest,
:tHn eye. Space between occipital spines nearly tlat. I'osterior nostril
twice as long as anterior. Lower jaw with l largo mucous pores on each
side, lower jaw projecting, the Hymphysis thickened. Scales rather large,
rough ctenoid, deciduous; rough scales on middle of maxillary, and
almost all parts of lower jaw. Dorsal siiines low, slender; soft dorsal
higher. Se(;ond anul spine somewhat shorter than third, the soft rays
liigh. Pectoral rather long, not <|uite rea<-hing vent, but beyond tips of
ventrals. Caudals slightly lunate. Color plain uniform brick red, the
edge of dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventral blackish; pectoral without
dusky shade; traces of 3 dusky shaderi across cheeks and operdes;
inside of mouth aud gill opening coppery red; peritoneum silvery.
Aleutian Islands to Kadiak; iirobably common in water of moderate
depth. This strongly marked species is the typo of a distinct subgenus,
/ahpyr, .Jordan & Evormunn, characterized by tho spinous suborbital
and the increased number of cr mial spines. The species * is here described

I »

I ■

I :

* Speciinens probably of this HpocioH liave been t»i'''">n in Btoniachn of the fur senl (Oal-
lorliinus alancanus, Jordan iV. Clark) about KadiaK. It la Hald that this specisH aud
Hebattodet eiliatus are occasioually takeu iu salmon nets at Karluk, on Eadiak island.

::•:».« ;ll

I'f.f ;f-J|f"'

■''■ rLiW 1

':l

■*i

1790 Dulleiin ^7, United States National Museum,

from 4 specinieiiH,* lA^ to 2 feet long, dredged in 110 fathoms in Shelikol'
Strait, Alaska, off Karlnk, Kadiak Island, July 20, 1897. (Coll. AlholioHs. )
It is noarost Sehnatodcs viinititua, but differs from that and all other Ameri-
can species in the increased number of cranial spines, and especially in
th«i presence of spines below the eye. It is evident that this is the hmI
species wrongly identified by Pallas as the adult of his Percu rarinbilin,
the Kp'mvphvlws (uliatm of Tilesitis. One of Pallau's specimens from thf
Aleutian Inlands has been examined by Dr. Jordan in lierlin and de-
scribed undar the name, doubtless erroneous, Scbaatodca matsubarw, the
true matzubarrw being a Japanese Hpecies.

Perea variabiliii, Vallas, Zoogr. Kosso-Asiat., hi, 241, 1<''11, Aleutian Islands; in part; the
HiippoHed ailult or Hi:inmer form. (Specimen, No. 8145, Miih. IScrl.)

HehaHodes viatzubarce, .Tokdan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Vhila. 1883,291; .Tohdan, Cat. Fish. N.
A., 108, 1885; probably not Sebastes matzubara Hilqendosf, Sitzg))er. Gch. Naturl.
Freundo, lierlin, 1880, 170, .rom Yesao.

S108. SEBASTODES ATROSUBGXS, Gilbert, now species.

Head 2?; depth 29. Snout 4 J in total length of head; eye 4; interor-
bital width 5; least width of preorbital 2J in pupil. 1^. XIII, 14; A. '11,
7; V. 17; oblique rows of scales above lateral line 4.5. Body deep, com-
pre.s8ed, its greatest thickness aboiit i its greatest depth. Candal peduncle
very deep, compressed, its leaet depth about i gro? test depth of body, and
greater than length of peduncle behind base of dorsal fin. Head wide,
heavy, its upper profile descending in a g«!ntly convex curve from front
of dorsal, the occipital area slightly depressed, but not transversely flat-
tened. Interorbital region and occiput strongly convex trfinsversely, the
former with a shallow channel running parallel with each orbital margin.
Lower jaw projecting beyond the upper, the tip entering the protih>. No
.symphyseal knob. Maxillary reaching a vertical drawn midway between
hinder margin of the eye and back of pupil, its length, ra<>a8ured from tip
of snout, ecjualing length of snout and eye, and | length of head to end
of upper opercular spine. Preopercular spine short, regularly radiatiui;^,
the second .ind third longest diverging, the uppermost very short, about
equaling the fourth. Preorbital with 2 very wide strong spines directed
downward and backward. Cranial ridges low and inconspicuous, but
evident throughout and terminating in strong spines. The nasal, pr(>-
v^calar, postocula'*, and parietal alone are present. Gill rakers long and
slender, 9+22 on anterior arch, the longest 2\ in orbit. Dorsal spines
high, slender, flexible, the fourth, fifth, and sixth equal in their height,
which equals length of snout and eye. Outline of the spious dorsal
regularly convex, much as in Perca. Membranes not deeply incised. A

* The following description is from a specimen in the Berlin Mnsenm bronght by Palhis
from the Aleutian Islands : "D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 7. Spines of head low, developed abuii I
as in Sebattodes miniatui and pinniger. Preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic,
occipital, and nuchal spines distinct; a pair of small coronal npiues p: lent, as alf>o :i
small spine before and one just below eye. Maxillary reaching to posterior border of cyn
lljin head. l?oth jaws covered with rough, ctenoid scales. Interorbital space flattis'Ji,
scaled, its breadth a little less than that of eye. Preopercular spine short, simple. Pre-
orbital spines simple. Lower jaw scircelv projecting. Second anal spine scarcely longer
than third. Longest dorsal sjiine 2} in head, a little less than the longest short ray^.
Pectoral ii in body. Color chietiy red; 3 dark shades across cheek.'

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1797

ileop notch bet\ve<iii dorHnls, the twelfth spine contained 'I'i tinioH iu
tbu fourth; soft dorsal hi^hiT than Hpinons dorsal, the lon^eHt niys
Mli^^htly muro than 4 length of head; candiil evenly rounded, li,' in head;
anal Hpines gradnated, the second not Htrouger than the third, con-
tained Ij- times in its length; third spine 2^ in head; longest Loft ray
li^; ventrals reaching vent, l* in head; pi-cl<orals reaching beyond vent,
nearly to oppusitc first anal spine, the 8 lower rays much thickened, sim-
ple and undivided; base of 2>c"torals wide, 3} in hoa<l. Scales on sides
of body weakly ctenoid, feeling smooth to the touch, those on breast
minute; no accessory scales on body; Lead very completer^' scaled,
including top of head as far forward as nasal spines, entire suborbital
ring, exposed portion of maxillary, and the mandible; accessory scales
iiumerrus on sides of head; scales on maxillary and mandible minute,
smooth, partially embedded; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal densely envel-
oped in minute scales to their tips, the scales e<[ually (tresent on rays and
membranes; ventral rays settled on aut^^rio^ face, the membranes naked;
the lower thicken(*d rays and the up|)er 4 or 5 rays of pectoral scaled at
liase only, the others scaled to tip; axillary side of pectorals naked. The
;i;eneral color, '.vheu fresh, reddish orange, much mottled on back and upper
l»art of sides with dark brown; dorsal, anal, and caudal dusky orange,
with darker membranes; pectorals and ventrals dusky; lining of gill
cavity and peritoneum, bright silvory white; opercular llaj) orange, pre-
c(!ded by a dark blotch; 3 faint dark streaks on side of head, 1 run-
ning lengthwise of maxillary, 1 from the narrow suborbital across the
cheek to the fourth i)reopercul.ir spine, a third from eye backward and
downward to base of upper 2 preopercular spines; snout and mesial por-
tion of lower lip dusky; top of head mottled with brown and orange
red; 1 inc^onspicuous round spots of clear orange along back, 1 under
third and fourth dorsal spines, 1 under seventh and eighth, 1 under origin
of soft dorsal, the last under its terminal rays. Most nearly related to
S. atrovircns, having a strongly convex interorbital space; strong, low,
cranial ridges ending in short, strong 8})ines, of which the postocular and
nuchal are wanting. Caudal convex. It ditters most conspicuously in
its red color, strongly protruding lower jaw, and very long slendtjr gill
rakers. Length about a foot. Coast of California; known from 1 spsci-
iiion, probably from Monterey.

Sebantodeg atrorubent, GiLBEUT MS. (Tyi»e, No. 1873, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus., from San Fran-
cisco market.)

ai»9. S£L'ASTODES ATllOVIKENS (Jordan &. Gilbert).

(Gaubupa.)

Head 3; depth 2i. D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 6; scales 52. Bones of skull
thick ; parietal ridges moderate, ending in spines, supraocular spine absent ;
l»reocular and postocular spines present, sharp, slender, the ridges little
developed; tympanic sometimes present, small. Parietal bones widely
separated; interorbital space nearly 3^ in base of skull, nearly Hat, a
median depression between 2 ridges, covering mucous canals; ventral

ipi . . «#

~m

1708 Bulldin f.y. United States National Mtiseum.

II

procesH of basisplienoid rudimentary, HonietlnieH fairly w«>ll developotl,
iiieHethiiioitl ])ro(;oH80M conipreHSfld, Mlijuflitly elevated; base ci" skull (]»iira-
Hpheiioitl ) Htrougly curved. Hody obloug, not tapering riipidly backward ;
head uiodorato, rather pointed; mouth moderate, the lower Jaw souiewliat
projecting, the maxillary extending to beyond i)08terior liorder of puj)!!,
its length U in head; premaxillary below pupil; eye large, 3J in head;
nasal spines promintait; preorbital very narrow, with 2 stout spines; pie-
opercular spines short, rather sharp, the second longer and slenderer than
the others; opercular and suprascapular spines sharp; tnterorldtal space
widened backward, its width less than that of the eye and more than the
leLgtli of the parietal ridge; gill rakers slend-jr not yery long, the longest
i diameter of eye; preorbital scaly; maxillary partly scaly; mandible
with some smooth scales; scales large, regularly arranged. Dorsal tin
rather deeply emarginate, the spines moderate, the lifth J length of head
and lower tiian soft rays; caudal truncate; anal Jin short and high, its
spines slender, the second sliorter than third, and not much stronger, about
2i in head; longest soft rays 1 A in head; pectorals long and narrow, reach-
ing past vent nearly to beginning of anal, their length \ that of head,
tb'ur base narrow; ventrals long, reaching just past vent. Olive green,
marbled with darker, sometimes brownish; belly pale yellowish green;
tins olivaceous, no red anywhere. Length 15 inches. Coast of California,
San Diego to San Francisco; generally abundant, especially southward.
(«/<'/', black; rircits, green.)

SeJ)a.iticlitliiis atrovirenv, Ji-.iti \ti \ CilLliKnT, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mus. 1880, 289, Monterey.

(('oil. Jordini &, Gill)ert.)
Hebaiitodeii alrovireiig, .Iokdan it (iii.BKRr, Synopsis, C<i2, 188;»; CliAMER, Proc. Cal. Ac.

Sci., series 2, v, 1895, 505, \tL 00, tig. 10.

Subgenus EOSEBASTES, Jordnu & Evorniann.

220«. SKBASTOI>ES SAXI4 OLA ((Jilbcrt).

Head 2;i to 2|; depth 3 to 3}. D. XIII, 12 or 13; A. Ill, 7; lateral lino
with 45 pores; eye large, 2^ to 3i in head, much hmgor than snout or
interorbital width ; mouth large, maxillary reaching n»'arly to posterior
margin «»f pupil, 2i in head. Mandibhs laterally inchulcd, the tip strongly
projecting, with conspicuous symphyseal knob, which enters profile. The
least width of interorbital space about equaling siumt, 5 in head; preor-
bital narrow, ^ pnpil, with 2 strong triangular lobes with spinous tii)8;
preopercular spines directed backward, or the lowest slightly obli»iue. Gill
rakers long and slender, the hmgest | orbit, constantly 10+22 or 23. The
second anal spine varies somewhat in length, always extending slightly
beyond tip i>f third anal spine when th(! tin is declined, usually not reach-
ing tips of soft anal rays, its length 2^ to 2^^ in that of head. Yonnj;
individuals with fatat dark bars occupying usual position; a jet-black
blotch on middle of soft dorsal with a light streak below it separating it
from the back. Highest dorsal spine 2i in head, the spines moderately
strong, the membrane not deeply incised; height of soft rays about equal-
ing that of spines; caudal emarginate; second anal spine longer and

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Amerka, 1790

Htroii^rer than third, and l(Mi<rur than sut't rays, 2 to -'^ in head ; vfutralu
tisiially not to vent; puctoraia nearly to front of anal. >Scal«<s rongli
ctunod on breant, maxillary, niundible, and Hiioiit. lionos of hUiiII thin,
|)r* Dcniar, postocular, tynipanir, and parietal, and sunictiincs nuchal Hpinus
present, small, sharp, the ridges nioderatoly dcvt'loited; preocnlar ridge
liromim-nt, the spin*! jirojeeting above or))it; parietal ridges Honu-whut
curved, jiarietal bones not moctiiig; intcrorbital spae<> wide, 8} in base of
skull, a little concave, nearly Hat between the supraocular ridges; ventral
procesa of ba8is]»h<'n((id fairly developed ; mesetUmoid processes snuill, com-
ptessed, not eh-vated, base of skull strongly curved. Olivaceous above,
silvery below, overlaid b«>low with light rod; young with ;{ or 1 brownish
lilack bars on side, becoming faint in older examples and sometimes als<»
ill yi>ung; in these a dusky blotch on occiput, 1 including front of dorsal
;ind 1 on back of tail; dorsal sometimes with bhu-k Hjiots, the spinous
liortion often with a subniedian band of black, above which the incised
membrane is white; conspicuous olive-bniwu spots on caudal, nsually
confined to base and upper lobe of Hn; peritoneum black; buccal and gill
i.ivities white. Length 12 inches. Very abundant in deep waters otf the
coast of southern California; Santa liarbara Islands, in from 14 to 155
fathoms. (Gilbert.) («flXM»i. rock; co/o, I inhabit.)

Sebattichthyn saxicola, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 18!>0, 78, Santa Barbara Islands.

(Coll. AlbatrosK.)
Hi'haslodet taxicola, CRAMER, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci., series 2, v, 1895, 590, 60, lig. 12.

2201. MEBASTOOGS OBAMKBI, Jordan.

Head 2| ; depth 2^. D. XIII, 14 ; A. Ill, 7 ; P. 19iHi ; pores in lateral line,
t^ (-|- 1 on caudal); transvj'rse rows of scales 49. IJody compressed, its
thickness 2i in its depth. Interorbital space Hat, 4.i in head; cranial
ridgt's low but evid«Mit, the parietal ridges thin. Preocnlar, supraocular,
postoculai*, tymjtanic, parietal and nuchal si)iues present, the last-named
Hidnes being uuirked oft" from the parietal ridges only by depressions,
iiud the i)arietal spines not well marked. Orbit nearly circular, 3^ in
head. Snout about equal to interorbital width; preorbital with 2 tri-
anguhir lobes, but no distiin^t spines. Maxillary reach'ng a little beyond
vertical from middh^ of eye, 2^ in head. Mandible scarcely projecting,
with a small symphyseal knob. The 3 upper i»reopercular spines nearly
etjual, a little divi-rgent, the lowest one obsolescent. Opercular spines
moderate, nearly equal. Gill rakers slender, 2^ in orbit, 21 on horizontal
limb of first arch. Scales of medium size, those on opercles and cheeks
ctenoid, those on snout, preorbital, maxillary, and mandible scarcely
ctenoid, or cycloid; accessory scales in moderate number. Dorsal spines
rather low, the fourth longest, 21 in head, the twelfth about i as long;
th(; membrane of spinous dorsal rather deeply incised; longest dorsal
rays about equal to longest spines; second anal spine about equal to
the third, but stronger, curved, 3 in head, about 1^ in soft rays; caudal
emarginate ; base of pectoral 2f in head, the 10 lower rays simple, the
middle rays longest, 3^ in length of body, and reacliing a little beyond

-Ife

h il

m

:#

1800 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

origin of uiml; ventrals ronching a littl«» hoyond vmit. Color in ulcoliol,
ycUowisb, darker abovr (doubtless brifi;lit rod in litV) ; 4 short faint crcsH
bands on upper part of sidits, 1 under second, third, and fourth dorsiil
siiines, a second under sixth and sovt^nth spines, a third under ninth, tenth,
and uhfvunth 8pin«>s, and the fourth under the soft dorsal ; a black spot on
upper part of opercle; uiembrane of spinous dorsal black-edged; dorsaln
an«l pectorals a little dusky, flns otherwise pale; insitle of mouth a little
dusky at the sides and in front of tongue; insi(h> of gill eavities dusky m
front of pseudobranehia* ; peritoneum dark brown. Coast of Alaska ; only
the type, 6i inehos long, known. (Nanit^d for Mr. Frank Cramer, of Lt^lain!
Stanford Jr. University, in recognition of hia work on the genus
Scbastodca. )

Sebattodes erameri, Jordan, I'roo. V. S. Nat. \Iua. 1806, 451, coast of Oregon, at Albatross
Station 3091, Lat. ^s"^ 43' N., Long. 134^^ 13' W., in 87 fathoms. (Type, Nu.47745. Coll.
GUbert.)

2202. SEBA8T0DES SEXICIXCTUS, Gilbert.

D. XII-I, 13; A. Ill, 7. Head 2,"„ to 3; body slender the depth 3? to 3^
in length. Mandible with a moderate symphyseal kno)>, whicdi projects
to enter the proKle. Maxillary scarcely reaching vertical from middle of
pupil, 2;| to 2* in heiid. Eye averaging smaller than in S. aaxioola, 'd^ to
3i in head (rarely 3 in head). Interorbital space of moderate width, flat,
with a slight median lengthwise groovi; bounded by a pair of low rounded
ridges, the groove and ridges sometimes not «'vident. Preocular, supra-
ocular, and occipital ridges low, but sharp and evident, terminating in
strong though slender spines. Nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, and
occipital spines present, the preocular the strongest, directed outward
and backward so as to project over the orbit. Parietals not in contact;
preorbital narrow, with 2 triangular or rounded lobes, with or without
slight spinous tips. Preope^cular spines with compressed triangular base,
the upper 2 usually nearest together, directed backward or slightly
upward, the others backward and downward ; a subopercular and an inter-
opercular spine closely approximated; 3 humeral spines. Gill rakers
long, slender, very numerous,, developed as movable rakers tothj extreme
anterior end of the arch ; 10 or 11 gill rakers on vertical limb of anterior
arch, 27 on horizontal limb, the longest slightly less than diameter of eye.
Fifth dorsal spine highest, 2^ to 2^ iu head, longer than the soft rays, tbe
membranes between spines not deeply incised ; the notch between dorsals
rather shallow, the twelfth spine f to 7I length of thirteenth ; caudal emar-
ginate; second anal spine strong, longer than third, usually not reach-
ing tips of soft rays when fin is declined; length of second spine I
that of head; ventrals usually reaching to or beyond vent; the pectorals
varying from slightly behind vent to slightly behind origin of anal.
Scales on breast cycloid or weakly ctenoid, elsewhere on body rough
ctenoid ; head completely scaled, olie scales on top of head and on cheeks
ctenoid, those on snout, maxillary, mandible, and branchiostegal rays
much reduced in size and smooth, 46 to 48 tubes iu the lateral line; about
95 vertical transverse series above the lateral line, each series under the

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of Ngrth America. 1801

(Idraal fliiH coiitaiiiiug 7 or 8 sciileH. Color in Hpirits, lijfht brownish above,
silvery on lower iiaIf«>f8i«l«'H and below (tinj;eil with red in life); Huont and
top of head dusky; sonietiuioH a dusky streak from tip of snout to eye, a
M'('ondonecrossiu„ between preocular ridjjes, and a third, loss often visible,
(MMu-cipnt; a diamond-shaped brown blotch on na]io and under front of
>{iinous dorsal, extending downward nearly to lateral line; a snuill blotch
under sixth and seventh dors:i! spines; a very conspicuous saddle-shaped
liiown crossbar under tho ei<;'hth to eleventh spines; this is wider and
lii,d»ter next the back, becomes narrower and more intense just above the
literal line, then widens into an intense "ortically elliptical blotch on
iiiidi 'e of sides; a similar less intense bar under soft dorsal, and 1 on
ciiiidal peduncle; the lighter portions of these bars showipg darker spots
iiiiil mottlings; those beneath the fins encroaching somewhat on their basal
portions; membranes of dorsal tins with ill-defined roundish spots of light
111 own; caudal rays with a few eh>ngate olive-brown spots, some of these
Dlten forming a vertical series near base of fiu; membranes l>etweeu the
riiys largely olive-brown on basal \ of fin; a faint dark spot above middle
(if base of pectoral; pectorals, veutrals, and anal white, unmarked;
iiiDuth and gill cavity white; peritoneum brown. Length 7 inches.
\'( ry closely related to S. sajicola, from which it diflfors conspicuously in
its smaller si/e, its sharply defined cross bars, the smaller head, smaller
mouth, and smaller eye, and in the longer, more numerous gill rakers.
Coast of California; taken rather abundantly in the Santa liarbara Chan-
nel, and at first confused with the young of S. saxieola. Specimens are
t'roiu Albatross Stations 2949 and 2959, in depths of 155 and 55 fathoms,
((iilbert.) {svmi, half; cinctus, l>anded.)

Sihattodeggimicinctut, UlLnERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 449, i)l. 53, fig. 1, Santa Barbara
Channel, Lat. 33° 57' N., Long. 119° 53' 30" W,, in 155 fathoms. (Type, Ko. 47581.
Coll. Albatross.)

2208. SrBASTODKK DIPLOPROA (Gilbert).

s under the

Head 2*; depth 2J. 1). XIII, 12 or 13; A. Ill, 7; 35 pores in lateral line.
.Maxillary reaching beyond middle of pupil, 2* in head; premaxillary
produced on each side of median line, forming 2 forwardly projecting
(lentigerons lobes, in the deep emargination between which tits tho tip of
mandible; symphyseal knob small. Eye large, 3 to 3A in head. I'reor-
bital narrow, ^ pupil, with 2 strong diverging spines; interoibital s^ace
l:i ill orbit; preopercular spines strong, the second usually the longest,
the third, fourth, and fifth directed downward and backward; opercular
.spines hmger than those on preopercle; 2 small spines on shoulder. Gill
rakers long and very slender, the longest )f orbit. Dorsal spines mod-
erate, longer than soft rays, the longest 2^ in head, the twelfth f its
height; caudal emarginate ; second anal spine longer and stronger than
tliird, shorter than soft rays, 2| to 3 in head; veutrals barely reaching
vent, the pectorals slightly beyond, 1| in head, with broad base, the
lower rays not thickened. Scales large, minutely spinous and readily
doeiduoiis, very small and cycloid on maxillary, mandible, and breast.
Fin membranes thick and scaled. Bones of skull thin, cranial ridges
3030 36

IpfftfP ::■■'•''

^'

i

■

l"l:~i

J802 Bulletin //, United States National Muscvm.

iiioderatoly developed, piiriotal ridges markedly curved ; preo<Milar, post-
ucnlar, tyinpanir, and ))arictal Hpinea pn-Hent, mostly thin and Nhiir<i:
parietal hones meeting; inturorhital space 4 in hane of skull, concave, tln'
tlat center hordered hy 2 ridges (the roofs of the mucous canals); tlic
Mipraocular ridges forming an elevated horder; nieHethmoid processes
coni])resBed, not elevated, ventral process of hasisphenoid partly devel-
oped; hase of skull strongly curved. Uniform rose-red above, liright sil
very on sides and below, sparsely black pimctate, a faint dusky bar
behind pectorals; spinous dorsal with dusky margins, the tins otherwise
unmarked; peritoueuni Jet-black. Coast of southern California; maiiv
H]»ociniens, the largest described 7 inches long, from about the Coronado
Islands, in 21 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (<5/VAooS, double; itpoinXy a prow.)

SehaHichthi/s iKploproa, (jILI«krt, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1890, 79, Coronado Islands, Lat. 32
44' ao" N., Long. 117° 23' W., in 134 fathoms. (Type, No. 48'.'38. Coll. MbaUo$ii.)

Sebantoih't di/iloproa, CiiAMi'^K, Proc. Cut. Ac. Sci., scries 2, V, 1895, 590, pi. 01, lig, 13; (in.
UKUT, Kept. U. S. Fish Comin. 1893 (1890), 407.*

i

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2204. SEBASTODES AURORA (Gilbert).

Head 2i ; depth 2J. D. XTII, 13 or 14 ; A. Ill, 6; lateral line 29 (porcR) ;
eye large, 3^ in head, much longer than snout or interorbital spai 0,
Mouth large, maxillary nearly reaching vertical from posterior margin of
orbit, 2i in head, its width etiualing diameter of pupil. Mandible, hitcr-
ally as well as in front, largely shutting within the wide premaxilliiiv
band of teeth; bands on vomer and palatines also wide. I'reopcrcul.ir
spines regularly radiating, the U2)per 4 more nearly equal than usual.
Proorbital wider, its least width jj- pupil, with 2 strong triangular sjunes,
directed downward and backward. Gill rakers slender, .he longest little
more than ^ eye. Dorsal spines strong, not high, th«; longest 2i in head,
the twelfth i'bout i its height; soft rays lower than spines; caudal
slightly emarginate; second anal spine very strong, much longer and
stronger than third, and about equaling in length the soft rays, its length
about 2^^ in head; veutrals reaching to or slightly beycuul vent; pectorals
to front of an.il. Scales very rough ctenoid, those of lateral line enlarged,
covering breast, branchiostegal rays, mandij[>le, maxillary, and part ol'
snout, ever., »vhere rough. Fins enveloped in a more or less lax nic]!i-
brane, invested with line ctenoid scales. Bones of skull very thin; preoc-
ular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, nuchal, and usually
coronal spines present, sharp and slender ; ridges moderate ; parietal rid^ts
high, thin; parietal bones not meeting; interorbital sjiaco narrow, long,

* Upon these specimens Dr. Gilbert makes the following remarks :
"All these show the characteristie silvery-white coloration on lower half of siilcs.
There are traces of dark bars on the sides; 1 ou nape and under front of spiuoiLs dorsul:
2 on side.s diverging dowuwtird from behind middle of spinous dorsal; 1 under middb' dl
soft dorsal. There are corresponding dusky marks on the tins, that on soft dorsal lie in;;
a distinct blackish blotch. The projecting lobes of the promaxillaries are evident in tlie
youngest individuals. Fins and spines ot head about ns in adults.

"The gill raker.>< in this species are 9 or 10 + 23 to 25. Tlie maxilhiry is 2J to 2J in head.
The interorbital space is very slightly nioro than J eye. The ventral (ins extend nearly
to vent. Pectorals lil in head. There is considerable variation in the direction of the
upper preopercular spines, which are directed sometimes straight forward, sometiims
obliiiuely forward and downward. Lower ])reurbital spiiio directed obliquuly duwu-
wan: and backward."

•$1

Jordan and pArrmann. — Fishes of North America. 180.'J

\\ ill 1)1180 of skull, A «li!iiiu!tur of ori)it, nuxlemtoly roncavo; 2 broad
low riil^eH over the lar^o mnooiiH canulH; iiirHuthiiioid proceNHCH coiu-
|)r«.HHod, thin, very littlo tdevated; voiitral pro(;oHH of I>aHiH]>lienoi(l riidi-
iiientary, ba^e of skull inoduratoly curved. Gill rakers v«ry larjje and
iliick, «'oiiii)arativf.ly fow in imnibor, 7 <tn vortical limb, and 14 or ir>
iiiovablo ones and altoiit :t tiiborclos on liori/ontal limb of ^iil arch. The
ruronul spinoH aro an inconstant foatiim of this spocics, absent nearly as
often as i>resont. In 1 specimen a slijrht prominence on 1 sitle indi-
liites its position. Uniform rod, li>;ht below; a narrow black streak
along edge of spinons dorsal, the triangnlar incised portions of membrane
above it w'lito; n similar mark between second and third anal spines;
liiis otherwise unmarked; ))erit(meum black; mouth cavity white.
Length 12 inches. Abont the Kanta llarbara Islands, in 233 aud 2G7
liitlioms. (Gilbert.) {miiont, dawn.)

S.banHchthyii aurora, (Muiert, Vntf. U. S. Nat. Mas. 181M1, 80, Santa Barbara Islands,
Lat. 33<2 5.-' 30" N., Long. 119° 41' 30" W., in a66 fathoms. (Tvi«', No. 482.iU. Coll.
AlhatroM.)

Sfhattiiili-n aurora, CRAMKU, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci., Berios 2, v, 18U5, 600, pi. 50, tin. 15; UlL-
BEKT, Kept. U. S. Fish Conim. 1H0;J (1800), 407.

22U5. NKiiASTOKEK MKIiANOSTONTN, Ki;;oniiiaiin & Ki^'onmauii.

The original types of this species aro thus described: Head 3| in total
length; depth about 3. D. XIII, 13i; A. Ill, 7.}; lateral line 13. Uody
Hliort aud deep; head heavy; month large, lower jaw projecting, maxillary
Kiaching to below posterior border of pupil; eye very large, orbit 1 in
snout, 3|i in head; interorbital space slightly depressed, 4| in head; pre-
.)i'l)ital narrow, 3 in orbit, with au anterior simple and a posterior many-
liointed spine, '^^'•anial spines low but distinct, smooth, and covered with
slvin to their tip; the 3 ocular, the tymitauic and i)arietal si>iues present;
o|>ercular aud preopercular spines long, simple; maxillary, maudiblc, pre-
(II bital, and snout scaly ; scales of opercle rather large ; scales of sides very
large, with but fow accessory ones. Gill rakers slender, 3i in orbit.
Horsal spines all very low, the third and fourth the highest, loss than an
orbital diameter, the soft rays 3 in head; anal spines graduated, the sec-
ond not much more than ^ length of soft rays. Body scarlet, shading into
madder brown or blackish red above lateral line; fins vermilion, the first
(lorsiil with its membranes narrowly black-edged; all other lius more or
less black ou jiosterior half, the caudal most so; head vermilion, tinged
with black; inside of mouth aud gill cavity almost wholly black; upper
posterior portion of gill membranes black; a black bar above ojiercle;
peritcuoam black. Length about 22 iuches. Point Loma, Califoruia.
(ii/-'A(X?, black; dro/mt, mouth.)

Schantodes melanottomus, Eioenmann & EifiEXM^NN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., sorica 2, lu, 18','i,
17, Point Loma, near San Diego, California. (Coll. C. H. Eij^eniuann.)

2206. SKBASTOWKS I>'TKOMGKK (Gilbert).

Head 2A; depth 2}; eye 3^ to 4 in head. D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 7 or 8; P.
IS; lateral line 3(5. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching to middle or
posterior third of oye^ 2 in head, its greatest width i its greatest length.

www

»!»«^5ji^yijH»|uj|j_j5|ijfyji

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inj.;i

1804 Bulletin //, United States IVational Museum.

^[aiHliblu protruding, iMiturin^ ])r<)nio in liir^^o H|H«ciinenH, 1«mh iiromini'iit
in the y«Hing. HyniithyHeai kn(»h pruHunt, Ixit not <M>nHpii'nouH. T«>etli on
,i»\VH, vuniur, und paliitinitH in niirrow ImumIh. Kyu liir^o, lon^tT tlian
Hnoiit. Inturorbital HpacH slightly t-oncavo, witlt 2 t^vulonr Idn^itiulinal
ridgOH. Cranial rid^cH Hliarp-tMlgtid and moderately olovated, tbeB|>.nf>
Htrong. Nasal, itreociilar, Hiipraocular, postiXMilar, tympiinif, <-oroniil
parietal, and nuchal spiiieH present; t or both coronal Hpinos <K.(!asionall,\
Avantinji;. I'roorbital of niodorute width, ItH anterittr lobe sonietinioH <>ihI-
in^ in a spine, the posterior with a sharp spinous od^e bearing 1 to I Hhar|i
pointH. l*reo])ercular HpiiieH large, re^^nlarly radiating, the '1 u)>per ones
approximated and more slt-nth-r, the others broadly triangular, directed
downward and backward. Two spines sometimes present at angle ot'snli
opercle; opercular spines sometimes double. Lower rim of orldt soni*
times serrated, (till rakers long and slender, the longest ^ diameter <>l
eye, 22 or 2U on lower limb of outer arch. >SpinouH dorsal rather low, tlir
twelfth spine \ the height of the last, which is ^ head; the longest spine
2^ in head; second .mal spine stronger, but scarcely longer than the thinl
2.i in head; pectoral without thickened lower rays, reaching to vent, I*
in body; caudal oniarginate. Scales large, ctenoid, about liO tubes prcs
ent in the lateral line; small accessory scales numerous; all )>arts of tlic
head, including cheeks, maxillary, mandible, branchiostcgal rays, snout.
and interorbltal space covered with scales; gular region scaled; all tiic
tins invested to their tips with line s<!ale8; scales large, ctenoid; litis
scaled. Cranial ridges and spines rather low but strong; coronal ami
nuchal spines present; nniudibular symphysis prominent, with small syni-
physeal knob; p«>ritoDeuni, mouth, and gill cavity black or dusky. Color
uniform bright red, duller than in S. mhiiuliiH. Smaller specimens reddish.
Traces of line olive-green bars on back ; numerous dark s]>ots along lateral
line; a dark blotch on opercle; 3 bands on cheek, and a blotch in the axil
of pectoral; all the fins edged with black. Several specimens were taken
in Hcring Sea to the north and west of Unalaska Island, in depths of K'l
to 350 fathoms. The species evidently lives at much g eater depths th:in
does S. aliituH. The cranial ridges are well developed and terminate in
strong spines. Coronal spines are usually present, but may be absent on
one or both sides. In both types of S. intronujcr, taken at a depth of 2(1(1
fathoms in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, the cor jnal spines arc
wanting, but as they agree with our specimens in all other importiint
dotuils we make the identitication without doubt.
The following characters are taken from Alaskan specimens:
lioues of skul' rather thin; preocular spines long, sharp; supraocnhir.
postocular, and tympanic spines broad, strong; coronal spines small in
Alaskan specimens, wauting in those from California; '^ parietal ri(l<;c
high, strong, with 2 spines; jiarietal and nuchal produced by interrn)i-
tion in parietal ridge, which in some instances shows a slight tendency to
break up into a series of spines ; the other ridges lower; parietal boms
well separated or barely uniting ; iuterorbital 82)ace 4 to 4^ in base of skn 11,
Hat; mesethmoid processes somewhat ••ompressed, with broad upper sni-

■ Types of Hebastodes introniger.

%]

Jordan and live nnann. — Fishes of North Amcriea, 18()5

tiicoH, not uUnatod ; vnntnil itro(M>8s ol' haHiHplionoid nitliniintary or a litMo
ilov«.>]o|io<l ; bahi' orHUnll iiioiloratoly cihvimI (U>hs tlinn in SrhiiHtixhn ainora).
I'.'icilin ruiiHt. of Aiiwrira, in il«!0)i watrr, from tlio Al«>ntiiin iHlanils, in M'l
III :t50 latlinniH, to Santa Iturbaru iHlamlH, in 2i>t> t'athoniH.

.■•.haMtli'litliiiM intriiniiii'i:' nu.nvMT, I'rmi. V. S. Nu». Mux., xiii, IH!iO, 81, Santa Barbara
iHlandH, Lat. 33" 55' 30" N., Lon^. 119" 41' 30" W., In 366 fathomH. {CoW. .ilbatintM.)
^■hanlodi-v inliiini;ier,{i\uu.Kr. I{«'|it. f. S. Finli. Coiiim. lMt>:i (imtrt), .lo".

SiibgenuB SEBASTOMUS, (illl.

i!207. SKIIAKTOIIKN Itl IIKKKIMI K, (;riiiii<tr.

(UkI> Uik'KKIHII; Tamiiiih.)

Iload 3; depth 3ij ; oyo U. 1). XIII, 14; A. Ill, 7; latf-rnl lino almnt 50.
Iiody (>hlon<7, rather det^p, not nin<-h conipreNHed; head largo, Idnnt, mouth
l;irg(^, maxillary reaching nearly to poHtorior edge of eye, its length I,
lliat of head; preniaxillary ou level of lower edge of pupil; lower jaw a
little projecting, the syniphysoal knob slight; intororbital space coarsely
scaled, with 2 slight ridges anteriorly. Preorbital wide; preopercular
s|)inos broad, usually divided, the third multified. Scales on head rough;
J.iws naked ; snltorliital stay weak. Gill rakers short, clavate, the longest
I eye. Scales on body rough ; accessory scales nnnuTons; pectoral short,
liioad, its length l in body; dorsal spines stout, rather lov. the tin not
deeply notched, the longest spine al)oiit as high as the soft rays, 2k in head ;
cai!(la1 truncate; soft fins scaly ; second anal spine little stronger or longer
tlian third, ^ height of soft rays, 2:f in head. Skull of large adult: lUunfs
thick, spongy, cranial ridges well developed, entirely broken up into
Hpinesand tubercles, parietal bones widely separated, interorbital space
lliit (n compressed longitudinal ridge above mucous canals on frontals)*
slightly more than 4 in base of skull; ventral process of basisphenoid
rudimentary, mcBethmoid processes strong, compressed, not elevated, base
of skull straight. Skull of young: Ridges well developed, sharp, not at
all serrated; preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal
sjiines all present, sharp; interorbital space diseply concave, 6J in base of
skull; ventral process of basisphenoid partly developed, mesethnioid pro-
rosses elevated. Color, clear deep vermilion red, paler below; a narrow
undulating whitish streak along the sides, from the eye to above the base
of the anal, and another along the lateral line; these indistinct in the

»

* This species has been idoiitiflcd with iS. melanoatntnug, 'Eigoiimniiii, by Crnnier niul by
•lorcliin & Kvormanii. The types of the two have not been compared, and tlio descrijition
III S. melanottomn.i fails to ngreo in so many details with specimens of .S. introniger that
it si>oms best to keej) tlie two apart. S. introniijer lias tlie hea<l larger, 2} in total length.
'I'lie intororbital space is narrower, 5J in length of head. The scales are larger, 34 in the
(•nurse of tlie lateral line. Tho accessory scales are very numerons. The gill rakers are
intiili longer, tho longest containc^d 2.\ to 2J times inthodinnieterof theorbit. The second
anil third anal spines are equal, or the second slightly the hmger, contained l^ times in
liiuirest anal rav. In >S'. uielanostoinus the head is III in total length. There are 43 scales
ill tlie lateral line, and but tew accessory scales. The gill rakers are contained 3J tiuies
in tlio diami^ter of orbit, and the anal spines arn graduated, the second "not much nioru
llian J the length of the soft rays." Two specinu-ns of »S'. introniijer, 30 cm. and 44 cm.
liiTig. entirely agree in the respects above mentioned. Tho dill'ereucea uUtigcd to aoparato
tliu two species can not, therefore, be duo to age. (Uilbert,)

' f'if ''

\\

w^

1800

Biillvtin /7, United Stales National Afuseutn,

I

h

adult; faint duHky Hlindon riidiating frnm t>yo; (Iiih red, Hoft fiiiH nlwayrt
liii'Koly blarkiHh at tip, cMpi'cially in yonn)(; yoiiiiK nion« diHtinctly niarl^i'il
tiian adiiltH, wliicli ar« nuarly plain liri<;i< r««d ; i)fli-iton«<nni whito. Len^l li
:^) ini-liMH. I'acillc coant of tli«> (Jnitcd Stat«^H, from Han Die^o tu Pn^ii
Soninl; almndaiit; ntacliuN a lur^or ni/o tiian any of tlin other HptM-iiN.
oxoopt poHHildy SihtiHloilm pnuiixiiiniii ; an iniportunt iood>liHli, varying
inn(;li with af{e. (nilHrrhniiM, vciy n-tl.)

Si'liantotlfi luhet; Jokdan >V Ou.iikrt, K,vnii|miH, Gflri, IMBll (not iif AviiP.H), anil of liii<

iiulliorH Ki'iii'nilly,
Miailmhti iiihiiniiiii*, <!HAMK1I, Vrnr. Cnl. Ao. Scl., hitI«h '.', V, IHIIO, r»07, pU. Ol', (W, iiiiil «!i,

Monterey Bay, California. (Coll. Cniaior.)

220H. NKIIAKT;»i»l-:H ('(tNSTKM.ATI'N (.Ionian \ (illlK-rt).

(Sl'OTTKI) UOCKKISII.)

Head 2J; depth LH. I). XIII, KJ; A. Ill, (5; lateral lim> 53. Hody robust,
licavy forward, tapcrinji; into a nlondor cantlal pediinclo; lutad ratliur
pointed in protile; montli iar^e, ol>ii(|ae, lower jaw Hlightly prqio(;tin}{
beyond oumrginatcd tip of npper Jaw, a small knob at the BynipliyHis;
maxillary very broad, extending beyond pnpil, ita middle part with many
Hmall HcalcH, itH leugth 2 in head ; premaxillary in front Juat below the levti
of the eye; mandible almost entirely covered with Mouill rough HoalcH;
muK/.le and preorltital sealed to tip of anont; head densely covered with
small HcaleH. I'rcoporele with its aecoiid Hpine long and aharp; preorbital
wide, ita edge lobed. Eye large, 4 in head. Gill rakera abort, clavate,
the longeat of them abont | the tlianieter of eye. Scalea atrongly ctcnuid,
the accessory acali^a largely developed Doraal spines rather strong and
low, the fonrth more than ^ the length of head, the liu rather dee|>l,v
eniarginate; soft <lorsal rather low, abont as high as second anal spine, l''|
in head, robnat, curved, considerably longer than the third or aoft rays;
caudal alightly enmrginat*; ; pectorala rather narrow, reaching beyond
ventrals, abont to vent, their length ^ that of head. Skull long, the bones
moderately thick, the preocular, supraocular, poatocular, tympanic, and
parietal spines present, broad at base, moderately thick and sharp, th*;
ridges strong, high, the parietal ridgea curved, with a alight tendency to
become aerrate antl develop small spines; parietal Ixmes widely se|)arated,
interorbital space narrow, 0 in base of akuU, deeply concave, the supra-
ocular ridgea very high, and a deep de])resaion between the ridges over
mucona canals; ventral process of basisphonoid strongly developed, nies
ethmoid processes compressed, thick, elevated; base of akull straight.
Orange red; back olive shaded; belly yellowish; cheeks with red and
yellowish shades; head and body everywhere closely covered with small
roundish pale spots; spots above light-rose color ; below larger and nearly
white; 4 or 5 roundish roae-colored blotches on back, besides aome mot-
tlings of similar shade; the first spot, often obscure, under the fourth
dorsal spine, the next near the lateral line under the eighth dorsal Bx>ine,
the third cloao to junction of the two ]iarts of doraal; the fourth under
end of aoft dorsal; u lifth sometimes near base of eighth dorsal spiue;

Jordan and livcnnann, — lusfits of North Anuriia, 1807

opurciiliir Mil]) with uroiiy npot; Huh li^^lit rnliliHli; (Ioi-niiI Hpvckluil at Imino
with lit(lit uiid diirlv ; poritoiiniiin wliite. Lni^^tli lo ini;h«-H. ('niiHt of
('aliloriiiit, Sun l)i*-){n to Sail KrHiiviMco; al>iiiHltiiit in ruthur tloop wiitor,
(■ttpucially Honthwiinl ; » biiiliautl.v rolorud tlHb; uuu of thu haiidHuuicHt of
iliiHHliowy ^ronp. (conHlrUnliiii, Htarrud.)

^ihiistiditliiit eiinntiUatiit, JoititAN A (in.iiKBT, I'ror. |T, H. Nat. Mim. IMHO, 2«rt, Santa

Barbara Channel; San PranciHco. ('r,v|ii'. No. JtitHin. dill, .luriliin iV (■lllM<rt.)
'<,ba*linl<:i CM>t<t<//a(i/«, JouiiAN I.V. (ili.liKUT, SynopalH, 0U5, IHMII.

!!-.>0U. NI'IIIAMTIHIKM I'NIiltOSI'N (.rortliiii Xr (iilliurt).

H«Mul2!!; <l*>pth2t; «\v«< lar){<>, I in head. I). XIII, 12; A. Ill, 6; lateral
lin*t 40 (tMh«!H). Uinunn] {mm oWSilwatodm foittltlliiluH, Month niodttrato,
iiiditpio, lowur Jaw Hctarcely proJrctinK, itH tip tlttiu){ into tin- oniar^inato
lip of nppurjaw; maxillary 2 in litmd, reaching poHtorior nnirKtn of pnpil;
racli Jaw with hiiihII, HnioothiHh HcaiuH. ( 'ranial ridgt-a rather sharp, lower
than in S.^onHtrlltttun; preoonlar, aniiraocular, puHtot'iilar, tympanic, and
parietal HidneH prenent; interurbital area conuuve, with 2 prominent
ridgeH, the region mnch broader than in S. voniilrllatiia, ji width of eyi';
Hiiprliociilar ridge low, its Hpine smaller than tympanic Hpine; pre«)cular
Hpine prumiuent; preopercniar spinea all acute; preoiltital narrow, with
2 spineH. (fill rakt'i-H ratln-r long and alender, the longeHt ahont \ eye.
ScaleH moderate, with many a<;eeaHory aciilea. DorHal rather low, deeply
<Miiarginate; fonrth apino c(|nal to aoft rays, about 'j, heail; aoft doraal
longer than high; aecond anal apin:) large, 2^ in head; eandal slightly
euuii-giuate; ]ie<^toral not reaching vent, 3jj in body. Light orauge, over-
laid everywhere with blackiah, the latter c<doi' forming on lower part of
sides retieulutiona iu flue pattern, the eentera of aoales being paler than
edges; aides of head with tlusky shades; sides of ba';k witli some large
areas of blackiah; upper parts with 5 large rounoed blotches of pink
washed with orange, these blotches arranged as iu S. coHHtillutiiH, but
larger, leaa ahurply delined, and of a ditl'erent hue; the second blotch with
a smaller one above it; a rosy s|>ot on opercular (lap; Una pale orange,
shaded with <lusky. Length about 18 inches. Coast of California from
I'oint Concepeion to Coronado Islanda; acurce. {umhvoaus, shady.)

Sebantiehthjii wnbronus, Jordan & Ghjieht, I'roc. U. .S. Nut. Mas. 1882, 410, Santa Rosa
Island, oil' Santa Barbara, California. (Types, Nos. 31HU and U1141. Cull. Audruu
r.arcii.)

Seliattodfn <vreu»* Kioenmann &. Eioenmavn, Proc. Cnl. Ac. Sci. 1890, 20, Coronado
Islands (.SanUiogo iiiiirkct). (Coll. C II. Kigonmann.)

Sihaiit(ideiiumhromi*,JiiHi)AV cc QiLHEur, Synopsis, 050, 1883.

* Sehastndfitwreug in thnni\enor\bMl: Ilewl 2^ toSJ; dtptli 2Jto;i. I). XIII, 121 to i;i: A.
Ill, flj; lutenil 1. (i>or«>H) 117 to 40. Slmi)o of Sehastodi'ii rosaci-u$. Jaws equal, maxillary
ruitt'liiugpaHt pupil, 2ur Hli<;litlyl('H8 thau2 iiilii-ad. I'l-i-orbital narrow, with 'J tlut spines;
cyu large, 3} to 3J in head, ^ in'intororbital. (Jranial ridges high and narrow, t<;nninatiiig
in sharp spines; prcocnhir, supraocular, postoc.ulur. tynipanir, and occipital spines; inter-
orhital concave, with a narrow median groove horderi'd Ity narrow ridges. Maxillary and
iiiandihle entirely scaled. Highest dorsal spine 2.^ in liniul; second aniil s])ine little longer
than third, considerahly shorter than ravs, 2i in head. General color (in life) pink,
overlaid witliltronze; top of head and hacit above lateral line bronze with .5 pink s|>ots:
sides below lateral line finely veriuicnlated with bron/.e, whi<'h occuiiies more simu'o than
ground color; )>ink spots of back ]daced as in related s|iecieB, not surrounded by jireen or
purple; posterior nart of lateral line pink: sides of head bronze (with ]iink showing
through) with au Ul-dulined streak backward I'roui upper auglu of eye; a light pink spot

'1^

f

»i:

W^w

\m

^^

1808

liullilin /7, United S/n/is A'ulioHal .^/nstiim.

tiU). NKUANTOUKM KOHA« KVN (Olranl).

)

!|

%

%

(CORHAIK.)

llomrJil; <1epth3; «\vo very liirj(r, Mi in IhmkI. I.. XIII, 13; A. Ill.t);
lutunil liiiu IH. Iloily oltloii);, littlu»lnvutu<l ; lirutl rutlDT pointfld; nioiitli
in«Hloi'ui«n tliuJuwH itliont «<|iiitl, tho lowi<r witli ii Hmtill knob; iiiuxllliiiv
not roiirliiiiK poHtnior Ittmli^i* of «<yv, itn lonKth 1' in Im^iuI; promiixillaritN
Ih'Iow tlio iiriiit. Muxillury iinii proorltitul purlly Healed; inantliblu iiml
Hnont nai\«'(l; pruoperoular HpinoH Hhort. Oill rakriH niodrruti^ lonircr
than in S. t'onHhUtiliix, not rlavato. SciiIoh nioiloratu, tho uccuHHory on«*s
.nnnierouH. OurHnl Hpin«>H rutlior low and Htronj;, t\w i'onrth if tliu lun^tli
ot'thulicad, abont aa liiKb hh th« Hol't rayN, tlio iln ratiior dct'ply unnir^i
natu; caudal Nli^lilly noti'liiMl; anal ratliur low, with th« necond Mpiiit'
curved, '2jt in hoad, nimdi longer and Btron){t'r than tliird, ahortcr than
tho Hoft rayH; poct«>i'al iino uiodvrnto, roaciiing bryond tipn of vc^ntraln,
paHt tint vent, :H in body. Koik'h of hWuH thin; prrocular, Htipraoniliir,
poHtocuhir, tympanic, and parietal HplneH i>roNont, nlundur, Hharp, tlic
rid^t'H tliin, riitVicr hi^h, pariotal boncH well Hf|)aratud; interorbital ttparc
narrow, 5^ in base of Hknll, concave, with '2 Hnnill ridguH over mucous
canalH; ventral procoH8 of baHinphonoid well developed; mcBcthmoiil
proceHHCM compressed, Htrouj{ly elevated (at an au>i;le of about i'y'); base
of Hkiill very nearly straight, ilright orange red, tlie young Htronglv
tinged or niottic«l with golden yellow; Itack with I pale H]>otH, arran^eil
precisely as in <S. vonxti llaliis, rhoduvhlorU, and vldorottUvtm; these always
very distinct, of a rose-pink c<dur, or sometimes almost white; the darker
border around them is of a decj) ])urplo or lilood color, never greenish ; tins
roay, mottled with orange; head with radiating stripes of orange and
rosy; nape with alternating bars of yellowish and deep red, the colors
blending; no decided green, and no small pink spots anywhere; p«>rito-
neum blackish. I ongth 12 inches. Coast of California, San Diego to
Ban Franciaco, \c rather tleep water ; the most abundant of the red species,
aud one of the siualleat; coloration very brilliant, {roaacius, rosy.)

Sebastes roaaeeus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMilln., vu, 1854, 146, and iu U. 8. I'oc. U. U
Sui'v.,X, FIhIiub, 78, pi. 21, 1808 (poor ilKuro, I'roiu a Hpeciiiion in bad condition), San
Diego; San Francisco (('oil. A. Cassidy and Dr. Nowltorry); (rONTiiEU, Cat., n, 08.

Bebattes helvitmaculatui, Ayrks, Froc. Cal. Au. Hci., n, 1859, 26, f. 8, San Francisco. (Coll.
W.O. AyruR.)

Sebastodet .os'ceti.i, Jordan * Gu.bkrt, Synopsis, 066, 1883| Cramer, Proo. Cal. Ac. .Sci.,
aoric- j, - , 1805, 608, pi. 0:t, fig. 20.

2211. SKBAST0DE8 AYRE8II, Gilborl & Crnmor.

Head 2i; depth 2it. D. XIII, 13; A. Ill, 6; lateral lino (pores) 42 to 11 ;
transverse rows of scales 43. Very closely related to Schaatodes roaacviiK,
but the supraorbital ridge lower, thicker, aud without si>iue. Body oblong,

on upper angle of gill opening; head below orbit pink, with bronze bar througli ciiopU ;
maxillary pink, witli a median bronze Htreali; nioniliraneH of niuxillaries cliielly bronze;
lower surface of iiead rose colored; breast yellowisli pink, abdomen nearly wliite; iirc;!
alwve anal yellowish; dorsal light blnish pink, clouded witli bronze, the rays of all tlie
other tins pink, the m«mbrau«s brouse. Lengtli about 11 iuvb«s. Coronu<io Islands.
iflsrtvu, bronze.)

fordan and livcrmaiin, — Fishes of North Anutiia. IH(M)

not iiiiu!li rliniitiMl, itH witlth nl>..ut '1 in itn «l<tpMi. < >rliit liir^i*, \\\ in linitl ;
Niiont alioiit li ill orbit. Inttuoiliitiil .H|>aru loiiciivo, 2 in orltit, witli »
inctliiin f;i'<M>vo iKinlorml Ity a piiir of lidurM divurKin^ hiirliwunl. Cmniitl
liil^tH wi'll iluv«*ln|i«Ml, tiio pi'iMirniiir, poNtmnliir, tynipmiir, nml purii^liil
Npint'H pr«*H<Mit, Hliiirp. Mouth ninilomtin Juwh iilMuit «M|nul, uiaxillidy
iilMMitL'A in Ih'iuI, roiii'liinK to vurtinil Irnni poNtrrior lionlt^r of pnpil; tlio
loworjaw with u nnuill nynipliyHnal knoli. 'I'ln- nppiT proopttn-nlar Hpin*>«
iiitarly <'<|ual, Hhiirp an«l ionm, tli<« tliini HJiortfi' an«l IiioimI; lowur opor-
rular Hpino liori/.ontal, tlio npp(tr larger lintl tlir«)'t«<<l sonicwiiiit upwanl.
<iill rakiTH nuulrratu, thi^ InnKi'Nt altont :t in orliit, 21 on iiori/.ontai linib of
lirst iircli. Htalt^H nioduratc, cMtnoid, nccosHory Niaius niiiii«TouH, mun(lil>lM
naked; intcrorliital Hpuc*s prt^orititulH, nnixillaritm, tlio rayn of tln< dornal,
ainil and <'andal Hhh, and tli» nindian raynof tin) prctoralH Hialy. Konrtli
doFHal ruy lon^ont, ahont 2^ in iiuad, tlie twtdfth about 2\ in tliu fonitb,
lliMdurHai layH HborttT tlum thn lon^imt Hpini'H; Hucond auul H)dnu nniuli
lon^or nntl Htron^t-r tinin tbird, about 2 in litMid, tliu rayn uqual to tbe WiV-
ondnpin*); caudal Hli^litly tMnar^inatf; pcctoralH niodiTutt-, ruacbinf; a
littUtboyond vont, tb«) nusdian layH iouKust, \\\ in loii^tb of b(»dy, baH« of
I'm u little b'HH tban orbit, the 7 luwur rayH Hiin]do, Honiewbat thick-
tuH'd; ventral rayH rt'acbin^ vont. ('olor in ulrobol, likt> S, lOHariun;
dark ItrowniHb ubuvu, paler >)ulo\v ; UHniall pab' piukiHb spot innnt'diutcly
Miid«T buHo of fourth «b>rHal H|>inc, and another Hinall one inuut'diatcly
under ba^o of idy^htb Hpinc; a tliini hir;;<-r spot just above lateral lin«- and
under the ninth spino; » fourth Hpot innnt^diately under t\w tirnt, and a
lifth under the biHt dortial rays; peritoneum (Uirk brown, speckled with
black dotH. DiHtin^niHhod from StbuHlodiH losariun by thr abHcut-o of the
Hupruocular spine. Lenj^th 9 inrheH. Coastof California, One specimen
taken on a trawl line ut Corte/ Manka, near San Diejro. (Nuniod for the
late l)r, William (). Ayros, of 8an Francisco, an excellent naturulist, one
of tbe pioneers in the study of the fauna of California.)

Scb(t»to<lfii aiiri-nii, ( iii.iiEUT \ CiiAMKU, I'roc. I'. S. Nat. Miih. 18iW, 4.')0, Cortez Banks, near
San Diego. (Type, \o. 47744. CoW. AlbatroM.)

Si'il'i. NKnANTUl»i:s KIIODOC'IILOItlK (Jordan .V^ Uill)«rt).
(Fly-fish.)

Head 2i; depth 3. D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 0; lateral lino 08, the ncceBsory
scales very numerous. Body oblong, more olon j^ate than in related species ;
maxillary 2^ in head, roachin^r Iteyond pnpil; jaws about equal; pre-
orbital luirrow. Kye very large, Hi in head. Preopercuhir spines lonjj.
(iill rakers as in S. ronactus ; mandible Hnely scaled near tbe base. Dorsal
(in moderately einurginate, lower than in roHnveita, longest spine nearly 3
in head; soft dorsal as high as spines; caudal slightly notched; second
anal spine longer than in any other species, longer than maxillary, higher
than soft rays, ^ length of head; ])ectoral reaching past ventrals, nearly
to anal, 3i in body. Skull long and narrow, the bones thin ; preocular,
supraocular, postocmlar, tympanic, and parietal spines present, long,
slender, sharp, the ridges thin, high, x)arictal bones well separated, inter-

fe

1

y>w.

'i!

1810 DuUetin ^7, United States National Afuseiim.

ti.

orbital space narrow, 6 in base of Hl<nll, luss than lengtli of Bupraocular
ridge, deeply coucave, tlie Hiipraociilar ridges high at the sides and a deep
depresHion betwe«Mi tlie ridges over the mucous canals; ventral process of
basisplienoid well developed; mcsethnioid processes compressed, thin,
elevated, but not as strongly as in Sthaatodea rosacvuH; base of skull
straight. iJright, dear rose-re.l, witliout trace of piirplisli ; region above
lateral line with much deep green in tlie form of ret'culating strealis;
below lateral line the green gives place to bright golden yellow similarly
mixed with red; top of head with cross Itands of green and red; green
streaks radiating from the eye; 1 bright paht pink spots on aides of back,
arranged precisely as in rosutriiH, vonsMUiluB, and vliloroatictua, the color
brighter than in these, surrounded by rings of green, without any trace ol
purplish shading; a pink opercular spot; a pale area behind eye; tins all
with the rays red, the membranes »dive or golden; peritoneum dusky.
Length 12 inches. Off Monterey and San Francisco, in deep water;
rare. {fJoSov, rose; ^Acj/aos, green.)

SebastichthyM rhodochlori'^, JonnAN &. Gii.bebt, Proc. IT. S.Nat. Mus. 1880, 144, Monterey

Bay, Californii. (Typo, No.26!)07. Coll. Jordan \ (;ill)(!rt )
Hebattodes rhodochlorit, JouuAN & Gn,BEKT, Synopsis, 667, 1883.

2218. SEBASTODES EOS, EiKonmaiin & Eigenmann.

Head 21 (3 to 3,'j in total length) ; depth .3 (3.1 to 3!f). D. XIII, 13i; A.
HI, (U ; lateral line 37. Hody oblong. Lower Jaw included, its symphyseal
knob strong; maxillary reaching beyond eye, 2 in head. Orbit i in snout,
little more than 4 times in head, greater than interorbital width. Inter-
orbital deeply concave, grooved medially, .5A in head. Cranial ridges very
high and narrow, ending in prominent spinee; pr^ocular, supraoculiir,
and tympanic spines directed outward and backward; postocular upward
and backward; occipital ridges in largest 8i)eciniens (5 mm. high, the v-
gicm between them depressed ; operculiir and preopcircular spines long aad
strong. Preorbital little less than i width of orbit, with a single, ilat,
downward directed spine at its posterior angle. Gill rakers all short, the
longest ^ orbital diameter. Mandible, maxillary, and snout, except a
median triangular spot, scaly; accessory scales very numerous on jheeks
and opercles. Spinous dorsal deeply incised, the membrane of fifth spine
meeting sixth spine near its basal fourth, less deeply incised in smaller
specimens, highest spine 2 to 2i in head ; highest dorsal ray 2^ to 3 in
head; second anal spine 2| to 3 in head; highest anal ray 2^ to 2J; pec-
torals reaching to twelfth dorsal spine, 4| to 5 in total length. Color
marks all having a washed or faded appearance; body and head intense
rose pink; back and dorsal tin indistinctly marked with raw sienna; tins
cfdored like body; 3 pink spots, 1 below origin of soft dorsal, 1 below its
end, and 1 abovelateral line below ninth dorsal spine ; membranes between
maxillaries saturn red ; peritoneum perfectly white, or luon* or less dusky.
Length about 22 inches. Coast of southern California, Point Loma, San
Diego, in 100 fathoms. (Eigenmann & Eigenmann.) (>)&»?, dawn.)

Sebastodes eos, Eigenmann & Eioenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 189U, 18, Point Lorna, near San
Diego. (Coll, (J. U. Eigunuiaiiu. )

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1811

2214. KKBASTOD'-IS UlIiLI, KiKuiitnann \ Ki^* nniann.

Head 3 (3i to tip of caudal) ; depth 3 (3A). 1^. XIII, \\\\ ; A, III, 1\ ; lat-
eral. i;n»« (pores) 14 or If). 8iu)ut very hroad, blunt. Mouth veryohliipie,
the preniBxilliiry on a level with superior ed^^o of pupil. Or''it 1 in snout,
lito4.i in head, a little gn-ater than iuterorbital; interorbital nearly evenly
concave, the median groove shallow; lower Jaw projecting and entering
profile, without syniphyseal knob; prolilo nearly straight to origin of <lor-
sal fin, not steep; maxillary reachiiig posterior edge of i.upil, a in head;
preocular, supraocular, iiostocular, occipital, and nuchal spines sliarp;
the first 4 very short and broad, the supraocular spine about 2\ in
iuterorbital ; occipital spines very high and stout; nuchal spines almost
continuous with occipital; opercular and preopercular spines lon^ and
strong, the 3 8uperi«)r ])reopercular conical, directed backward, the other
2 Hat, triangular, downward and backward; preorbital with a sharp, sub-
conical anterior .npinc, r.ud terminating posteriorly in a similar but larger
spine; maxillary with a few scales superiorly on its median third; inter-
maxillary i)and of teeth shallow in front, 5 in orbit; snout either naked
oi with ii few scattered i>atches of scales; mandible entirely naked.
Scales strongly ctenoid; accessory scales very numer(ui8 everywhere,
especially so on cheeks; scales of head slightly ciliate, de]»ies8t,d; mem-
branes of soft dorsal and anal with minute scales on basal half of lins; a
few scales basally on spinous dorsal. Vonieriiic^ teeth in ji V-ahaped patch;
;)aiuL:ne band of teeth short, 4 in orbit. Gill r.ikers very short, ^ to \
orbital diameter, 9-f 17 or 18. Spinous dorsal low, the highest spine 2\ to
2i in head, the lin deeply notched, the highest ray about equal to highest
spine; caudal tnincat*!; second anal stouter and about as long as third.
Buccal iind <»percular cavities and peritoneum white, sparsely dotted with
black; ventral surface light geranium red, shading into scarlet on tail;
dorsal surface rather closely covered with small l)r«)nze, roundish spots,
which <!Xtoiid upon the membrane of soft dftrsal lin and a few on spinous
dorsal ; series of continent bronze spots forming radiating streaks or bands
on sides of head, 1 extending from eye to upper angh; of gill opening, 1
to tip of lower opercular spine, which is continued upon the shoulder as a
conspicuous blotch, I to lower angle of opeiclo, I downward and slightly
backward across cheek; lower lip and anterior part of maxillary dusky;
a few consiiicuous spots on base of pectoral ; all the dark markings becom-
ing blackish and persisting in spirits, the radiating streaks of the head
especially conspicuous in the alcoholic specimen; a light sjiot under last
dorsal spine; 1 on opercular <lap. Length about 23 inches. Point Lonia,
near San Diego, California. (Eigenmann & Eigenuianu.) (Named for
Dr. Theodore Gill.)

Sehatloile/i fjilli, Eioknmann & Kkjenmann, Amor. Naturalist, Feb., 1891, 154, Point Loma,
iiuar San Diego, California. (Coll. Dr. EigciiiiiHnii.)

2215. SKBASTODKS Clll.OUOSTICTIJS (Jordan & Gilbert).

(Pesca Vkumioma.)

Head 2i ; depth 2J. D. XIII, 13 ; A. Ill, G ; lateral line r>0. Body oblong.
Head moderate, profile rather steep, with a nearly even slope. Mouth

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1812 Bulleti7i ^7, United States National Museum.

largo, obliqno; mftxillaryrcacliing to behind tho pupil, itrt lengtli al)ont21
in head; |>reiiiaxillary in front below tho level of the larg«* eye, whicsh is
3J in head. Jaws eqnal in cloHed month, tip of lower fitting into eiiiar-
ginnte upper jaw ; a rather conHpicMioiis 8yni])hyHeal knob. Preorbital
Hinuate. Preoperciilar Hpines rather sharp, second longest; opercular
spinitH Hharp. Gill rakers long and rather strong, not clavate, the longcHt
about t diameter of eye, longer than in related species. Scales on head
fewer than iu S. conaUHatiiii; snout wholly naked ; maxillary partly scaleil ;
mandible iiakcd. Dorsal spines very high, nearly as high as in vrxillarin,
the fourth highest, nearly | head, higher than soft, rays, which are also
considerably elevated; dorsal tin rather deeply omarginate; caudal tin
emarginate; anal tin not very high, its second spine much higher and
stronger than third, about as high as the soft rays, 2^ in head; pectorals
3i in length, with moderate base, reaching beyond tips of \entrals, about
to vent. Bones of skull thin ; preocular, supraocular, postocular, tym-
panic, and parietal s])ine8 present, strong, long, .and sharp, the ridges strong
and high; parietal bones well separated ; interorbital space 4f in base of
skull, concave, the ridges over mucous ]>ores high and thin; ventral pro-
cess of basisphenoid well develojjed; mesethmoid processes compressed,
moderately elevated; base of skull nearly straight. Olivaceous above,
sides pinkish and golden; 4 roundish spots of pi nlaced as in S. con-
stvUatus and S. rosaciiis, but less distiuct; a plak i.otch on opercular Hap;
upper parts of the bodj', from just below lateral line, closely covered with
small round siiots of a clear olive green, these spots most distiuct on back
and top of head; on sides of body, just above and below lateral line, those
spots form 2 continuous series, following course of lateral line; eyes
above with green spots ; fins nearly plaiu red ; base of dorsal spotted with
olive. The preorbital sjiines can not bo used to distinguish this species
from S. (08, Eigenmann. If the two are distinct, they are distinguishable
by the scaliness of the maxillary and mandible, the length of the second
anal spine, and tho color of the peritoneum. Length 15 inches. Pacific
Coast of California from San Diego to Siin Francisco; abundant in deep
water; a very pretty fish, (x^-copoi, green ', (Jrzxroj, spotted.)

Sebattiehthys chloroatietut, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 18P0, 234, Monterey

Bay, California. (Type, Ko. 20964. Coll. Jorilnii & Oilbert.)
Sebastodes chlorostictu*, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 668, 1883; Cbauki , I'roo. Cal. Ac.

Sci., series 2, V, 1895, 599, pi. 63, lig. 21.

221G. SEBASTODES RUPESTBIS (Gilbert).

Head 2J; depth 2f' to 3. D. XIII, 13; A. Ill, 7; lateral line 31 (pores),
about (50 vertical series counted above lateral line. Eye 2if in head, longer
than snout or interorbital space; the latter narrow, conc.ive, without
ridges, the least width | orbit. Maxillary reaching beyond nnddle of
pupil, 2i iu head; jaws equal, tip of lower jaw scarcely projecting; teeth
in very nan'ow bands in jaws and on vomer .and palaliies. Preorbital
very narrow, its least Avidth less th.an J pupil, lob.ato anu -vithout spines.
Supr.aocular ridge short; nas.al, praocular, supraocular, postocular, tyin-
paaic, occipital, uud nuchal spines present, the ridges of modei'ute height,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 181 !

'■'I

il !:'

eyes

teeth

but the Hpii)«<s, especijiUy postoeiilar and tyinpaiiic, strong; pieocular
ridge hut little con8]iiuuouH, the siiino much smaller than in SvhusUnU*
aincnaia and f<eho8tod(8 zaccntriia. Spines <m shoulder little <level()ped ;
opereuhir spines rather weak; preopercular spines small, the 2 upper
directed backward, the others downwani and Jmckwan^. Dorsal tins
not deeply notched, the longest spine 3 in head, the twelfth i its length ;
unit dorsal not high; caudal truncate; second anal spine longer and
stronger than third, as long as soft rays, hut not reaching their tips when
the flu is declined, 2J in head; pectorals short, 1)1 to 2 iu head, reaching
liej'oud ventrals, hut usually not to vent. Scales rough ctenoid; snout
naked or nearly eo; scales on maxillary and mandihlo minute and smooth,
little evident, those on hreast rough; tins invested in a thick menihrane
covered with tine scales. Color sis iu Schaaloiica zticentvus, but usually
wit' 2 elongate black streaks beh)W lateral line; a black l)lotch on middle
ofventrals; a bar at base of pectorals and in axil; iieritoncum black;
buccal and gill cavities white or slightly dusky. Coast of California, in
deep water. A single specimen, 5 inches long, of this species was
obtained at Albatroaa Station, 3189 in 218 fathoms, and it is evidently
allied to the roaacms group, but is without the pink spots. Below the
lateral line is a single black streak, Avhich grows more intense opposite
the dark vertical bars. The interorbital space contains 2 low inconspicu-
ous ridges, its width is contained 2^ times iu diameter of eye. No spine
or a very weak one at lower angle of subopercle. Five specimens, the
longest oi inches from the Santa Barbara Islands. (Gilbert.) (nqnatris,
living about rocks.)

Scbastichthys itipestris, Gilbert, I'ruc. V. S. Nat. Miis. 1890, 76. Santa Barbara Islands,
at Albatross Station 2946, Lat. 33° 58' N., Long, iig^ 30' 45" W., in 150 fathoms.
(Type, No. 48241.)

Subgenus HISPANISCUS, Cramer.

2217. SEBAST0DE8 SINfi^Sil^^ (Gilbert).

Head 2^; depth 3. D. XIII, 12; A. Ill, 5; lateral line 40 to 45 (tubes) ;
eye very large, 2f to 3 in head; snout 4| to 5 iu head, liody short and
deep, heavy anteriorly, with slender caudal peduncle ; mouth large, nuix-
illary reaching beyond pupil, 2k in head, its greatest width less than i its
greatest length; jaws about e(inal, the lower mostly included within the
up])er, but the tip titting into a notch between iutermaxillaries, and with
a somewhat projecting symphyseal knob ; teeth present on vomer and in
a long slender patch on palatines ; interorbital space rather narrow, cou-
cave, with a pair of low ridges, its width 6 in head. Nasal spines pres-
ent; preocular spines strong, triangular, directed outward; supri^ocular
ridges low, butevident, diverging posteriorly, ending in strong spines ; tym-
panic and occipital spines also strong; upper 3 preoperctilar spines e(]ual
in length, placed close, and usually nearly parallel, directed backward;
lower 2 small, directed downward and backward; 2 opercular, 2 supra-
scapular, and 2 or 3 strong preorbital spines present. Gill rakers slender,
the longest i; orbit, 21 on anterior limb of outer arch. Spines rather high
and strong, the dorsal moderately notched, the highest spine 2J^ in head,
about eiiual to soft rays, the lowest nearly ^ its height; membranes not

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1814 Bulletin ^7, United States National Muscmn.

deeply incifled; secotid anal spine longer and stronger than third or tlum
any of dorsal HpinoH an<l longer than aual rayH, its length ahont { head;
caudal slightly lunate, A head; pectorals reacliiug slightly beyond vent,
the lower rays not thickened, th'i fiii 1;,' in head; ventral spine as long as
soft rays, 2^^ in head. Scales Hnia^l, 1 ot re;,'ularly imbricated, smooth and
cycloid, exc<fj>t those on occipnt ami ;i nnv along lateral line on posterior
part of body; snout naked, niaxilli'.ry and mandible only ]>artly scaled ;
soft rays of all tlie tins covered with scries of small scales. I'ale below,
dusky above, blotched with reddish and black; a blackish blotch on
opercle; fins dull reddish, irregularly nuirked with bbickish, the caudal
mostly red, sometimes with a blackish tenitinal bar; cavity of mouth and
gill chamber and peritoneum Jet-black. Two specimens, the largest 7
inches long. Gulf of California, iu deep water. (Gilbert.) (simcmsjs, liv-
ing in the gulf.)

iSchattielithi/t ginensis, Gilbeiit, Troc. V. S. Nnt. ^Uxn. 1890, 81, Gulf of California, at Alba-
tross Station 3015, Lat. 29" N., Long. 113° W., in 145 fathoms. (Typo, No. 4308').
Coll. Gilbert.)

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2218. SKRASTOIIKS ZACEXTllUS ((.ilbort).

IIead2i; depth 1^; caudal peduncle narrow, ;{* in dej)<^h of body. 1).
XIII, 14 or 15; A. Ill, 7 or «; tubes of lateral line about 12, 70 vertical
series above lateral lino. Body elongate. Mouth moderate, maxillary
reaching vertical from middle of pupil, 2^ iu head; lower Jaw slightly
the longer, the tip with a small knob; teeth in very narrow bands. Eyt;
much longer than snout, 3 to 'iii in head. Intentrbital space narrow,
somewhat concave, Iji iu diameter of orbit; prcorbital extremely narrow,
its least width f pupil. Ridges on head low, but sharp, the spincH
rather strong; ]»ieocular ridge strong, triangular, ending in a stronj;
outwardly directed spine; nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occijii-
tal, and sometimes nuchal spines present; 2 spines on shoulder, 2 on
opercle, and the usual 5 <m preopercle, this latti-r directed backward; i)re-
orbital lobate, but without spines. Gill rakers long, very slender, .J
diametcrof orbit, 2Gpre,senton anterior limb of outcrarch. Spinous dorsal
low, with strong spines, the longest 2^^ to 2i in head; notch between dor-
sals rather sh.-illow, the shortest spine more tliiiu i the longest; soft rays
about ecpialing the spines; caudal truncate or slightly emarginate, I3 in
head; second aual spine very long, usually longer and stronger than
thii'd, curved, lA to 1* in head, reaching to <»r beyond tijis of soft rays in
declined lin; ventrals reaching beyond vent, I'i in head; i)ectorals reach-
ing nearly to front of anal, 1^ in h«'ad, the lin not procnrront, the lower
half with greatly thickened rays. Scales large, rough ctenoid, those on
maxillary, mandible, and breast smoother. Five vaguely defined black
bars on back, 1 downward from nap*; and front of dorsal, 2 approximateti
under spinims dorsal, 1 under middle of soft dorsal, and 1 on cau«lal
peduncle; those under dorsal encroach more or less on the fin ; all but the
first continued bi'low lateral line on middle of sides, the third interrupted
above lateral line; 2 black strt-aks backward from eye, the upper termi-
nating in a conspicuous black blotch on i)percle, the lower ending on sub-

Jordan and Ilvcrwann. — Fishes of North America. 1815

(. I

opiTcli'; cuuiliil iiiiiiiarkt'd or with im oliHcuif tluHky im-diiin Moich;
otht-r tiiiH iiiiinai'krtl; u I'liint diiHky axillary Motth; sides inarketl witb
S0I1K1 red in lif«<; loof of nioutli postoriorly dusky, Imuu'ji! nud Itriincliial
cavities otluTwiso v'-"'., peritoiioum Jot-Mack. Coast of California.
Types, 3 spociiueiiK, 5.i to (51 in<-hes lonj;, from the Santa Barbara Islands, in
1 15 and 150 fathoms. ((JillM-rt.) (?(i, an intensive particle, and Hevrpoi',
spino, strong-spiued.)
Dr. Gilbert observes:

Sovoral Hiu'clineiiH wero taken iiorlli of Point Ueyes (»n tlio cotiHt of ('alifornin, ntdoptlm
(if 75 anil 51 fallionis (Mbatrogs StatiouH, ;i;i50 and :i:i51). The HOcoud anal N]iint< in alwa.vH
very larKO, Init fretini'nfly fails to roacli iijiMof Moft anal rayH wliun dopressnl, tluiH ditl'ur-
iiijr from the type Hpecinu<UH. The deptli is also gn^atcr, 3 instead of 'S\ in length.

Scba»lichth}/t zacentrun, Gu-Hkht, Troc. T. S. Xat. Mas. 1890, 77, Santa Barbara Islands,
at Albatross Stations, 3893 and 2996, in 145 and 150 fathoms. (Type, No. 48243-
Coll. Gilbert.)

2210. SKKA»ST(U>KS KLOXIATI'S (Ayres).

(Ueina.)

Head 2'! ; depth 3i^; pectoral '.ik. D. XIII, 13; A. Ill, 6; scales .58. Body
more elongate than in any of the other species (except paudspiu'm), com-
pressed. Head long, rather pointed. Mouth large; maxillary extending
to posterior margin of pupil, its length 2^^ in head; prcmaxillary on level
of lower margin of orbit ; lower Jaw strongly projecting. Eye very largo,
longer than snout, 3jt in head; interorbital space broad, concave, with low
frontal ridges. Preopereular spines very sharp, all pointed, directed back-
ward ; opercular spines very long and sharp. Gill rakers long and strong,
the longest about \ the eye. Scales largo, not very rough; accessory
scales numerous; maxillary, mandible, and preorbital scaly. Dorsal
spines moderately high, rather strong, the highest about ec^ual to soft rays,
2| in bead, the fiu not dee))ly emarginate ; caudal iin lunate ; anal fin ratlu'r
low, second spine A length of bead, much longer than third, higher than
soft rays; pectorals moderately broad, long, reaching beyond tips of shoit
ventrals to vent. Skull long, bones thin, preocular, postocular, tympanic,
and parietal spines present, slender, sharp, the ridges moderately devel-
oped ; sometimes suiuaocular spines present and distinct ; parietal bones
widely separated; interorbital space long and narrow, 5^ in base of bkull,
moderately concave ; ventral process of basisphenoid well developed, mos-
ethmoid jirocesses compressed, slightly elevated; base of skull somewhat
curved. Gill rakers 9 or 10 + 20 to 22, extending full length of arch.
In the yonng the lateral stripes are broken up into smaller blotches, the
interruptions to the dorsal stripe loaving a series of saddle-like blotches
along the br.ck, which correspoud in position with those of S, auxUolu,
There is 1 under first dorsal spines, 1 under middle, and 1 under end of
spinous dorsal, 1 under soft dorsal, and 1 on back of caudal peduncle.
This correspondence is interesting in connection with similar c<dor marks
discovered in the young of S. diploproa and those known to occur in the
young of the rosacimH group. Color light red; sides above with irregular
horizontal interrupted olive-green bauds, which are more or less broken

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1816 Bulletin ^7, Ignited States National Mnseum.

iuto blotches, 2 of these bands billow latorul line, bocoiniiig conlluent
behind; a distinct pale baixl following course of lateral line; upper fins
blotched with olive, lower pale red; heud olive and blotched above, pule
red below; chin black; peritoneum dusky. I.eu^rth 12 inches. Coast of
California, from San 1 )i«go to San Francisco ; not rare in rather deep water.
This spoc'ies bears considerable reseuiblance to Sibuxtodtii pro'iinr. {clou-
yatiiD, elongated.)

Sebantcs eloiiijatiis, Avkkh, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., n, 1850, 20, ti^. 0, San Francisco. (Coll.

Dr.W. O. A.vns.)
HehuilinhnelonijaluH, Jordan &. C.IUIKKT, SynojtHiH, 601), 1883; (Jkamuu, Proc. Cul. At;. Sci.,

series 2, v, 18U5, 000, pi. 04, llj;. 22, ami pi. 70, llg. 40.

I*

i-f.

222U. SKBANTODKS LKVIS (Eigeniuaun &. Elgenniauii).

Head 2J; depth 3; eye Ijf in snout, 5^^ in head, 1 in interorl)ital, which
is very wlightly convex. D. XIII, V^k•, A. Ill, 7A; lateral line 50. Head
very large, pointed, its upper and lower outlines equally inc-linod. Month
large, lower jaw projecting and entering profile; a Avell-developed sym-
phj'seal knob. Maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil,
greatly dilat«Ml behind, its width about e(iual to diameter of eye. Sub-
orbital .stay weak; opercular spines strong, pointed. Gill rakers all short,
about twice as high as wide. S«'ales of head all cycloid, each scale with
numerous snuill accessory scales. Mandible, maxillary, and tip of snout
naked; pieorbital with scattered patches of scales; scales of body weakly
ctenoid. Highest dtusal spine little less than ^ length of head, the
membranes very deeply incised, those of first 3 spines meeting the suc-
ceeding itnes «)u their basal fifth, the incisions becoming gradually shal-
lower backward, the tenth membrane meeting the eleventh sjjine on its
upper third; dorsal rays considerably lower than the highest spine ; cau-
dal emarginate ; second anal spine greatly thickened, 4| in head; ventrals
about2inhea4l; pectorals li*. Skull long, bones thick, spongy; preocular,
postocular, tympanic, parietal, and sonu'times supraocular spines present,
the ridges moderately developed; ]»arietal 1)«>nes meeting; interorbital
space a little more than 4 in base of skull, concave, and on each side within
the supraorbital ri<lges, higher in center, with a small median ridge and
2 others over unicous canals; ventral process of basisphenoid moderately
developed; mesethmoid processes compressed, their upper surfaces de-
pressed, l)ase of skull straight. I'ink, with 4 interrupted crossbars of
black, the first below origin of dorsal, second below sixth dorsal spine,
third l)elow tenth spine, fourth below seventh dorsal ray ; back sometimes
dusky; 1 specimen having a large black blotch on anterior part of soft
dorsal; peritoneum white. (Eigenmann & Eigenmann.) Length 2 to 3
feet; one of the largest specimens weighing 29 pounds. Coast of CaU-
fornia, from San Diego to Monterey; not rare in deep water; occasionally
seen in the markets of Los Angeles, {levis, capricious or fantastic, the
root meaning light.)

Sebastichthys levU, ElQENMANN & EIGENMANN, Notes from the San Diego Biol. Laboratoiy,
1, 6, 1889, San Diego (Type, No. 41904. Coll. Eigonnianu) ; Eigenmann &, Eigenmann,
West Aiiu'rican SdientLst 1889, 129.

Sebastodes levig, Cuasibb, Troc. Cal. Ac. Sci., scries 2, v, 1895, 601, pi. 64. flg. 24.

Jordan and Evcrmann — Fishes of North America. 1817

il'lX. HKIIASTOUES Itl IiltlVl>-( Tl'H (Jorduu & Gilbert).

(Spanihh Flag.)

Head 2i; depth 2^; eyo very large, 3J in head. D. XIII, 12; A. 111,7;
scales 55. Itody robust, ratber deep and eoiupreHsed. Head long, aonto
in profile, there being a nearly straight slope from a !• >ny proniinonee in
front of spinous dorsal to tip of lower Jaw. Mouth rather largo, obli<|ue,
the lower jaw projecting; maxillary broad, extending to opposite middle
of eye, its length 2;^ in head; premaxillary «»n level of lower border of
eye; intcrorbital space nut so broad as eye, not widened behind, with
sparse, smooth scales; mandible naked; maxillary with a fow scales; sub-
orbital stay very prominent, its tip nearly reaching preopercle ; preoper-
eiilar spines very strong, the seeond longest; opercular spines long; pre-
orbital wide, (iill rakers rather short, robust, much compressed, the
longest about \ of eye. Scales on head all small and thin, mostly cycloid ;
scales of body smoother than usual; accessory scales very numerous.
Dorsal spines robust, rather high, the iifth not <|ulte \ the length of head,
those bohin<l rajddly shortened, the nu-mbraue Joining the thirteenth
spine below its middle; soft rays about as high as spines; caudal slightly
emarginatu; anal low, its second s])ino 2.^ in head, much longer and
stronger than third, both robust; jjeetorals moderate, not reaching vent,
3| in length, the base equal to diameter of eye; ventrals not reaching
tips of pectorals. Skull long, moderately thin; preocul.ar, ]>ostocular,
tympanic, and parietal spines present, long, strong, bluntish, the ridges
moderately developed; parietals meeting; interorbital space long, nar-
row, 5jt in base of skull, nearly Hat, a rather deep groove between the
broad ridges over mucous canals ; ventral process of basisphenoid well
developed, mcsethmoid processes compressed, not elevated; base of skull
somewhat curved, about as in .^hmiodfs elonnnliia. Very pale rose-red,
almost white, with cross bands of a deep, intense crimson red ; these bauds
broadest on the back; 1 of the bands runs across eye, snout, suborbital,
and m.ixillary, its boundaries indistinct; the next across nuchal region,
front of dorsal and operclo; the next across middle of spinous dorsal,
including ventrals and posterior half of pectorals; another across soft
dorsal and anal; another across base of caudal, the lin itself being deep
rose color; the other iins share the color of that part «>f the body against
which they He; peritoneum white. Length 15 inches. Coast of Cali-
fornia, San Diego to Monterey, in deep water; mu\ In life the most
lirilliautly colored large fish in our waters, (ruber, rod; rinctus, banded.)

Siliastichthyt ruhrivinctut, Joudan & fiii.nEUT, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mxis. 1880, 201, Santa

Barbara Channel. (Type, No. 28989. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert.)
Stbastodes ruhrivinctm, Soviuxs & GiLUEiiT, Synopsis, 0C9, 1883 ; Ckameii, Proc. C'al. Ac.

Sci., series 2, v, 1895, 601, pi. 64, flg. 23.

i^

Subgenus AUCTOSPINA, Eigenmann &. Reeson.

2222. 8EBASTOOE8 AUBICCLATUS (Girard).

(Bhown Kockkibu.)

Head 3^; depth 2i. D. XIII, 13; A. 111,7; scales 45. Body oblong;

rather deep. Mouth moderate, T>elow axis of body, the jaws nearly equal ;

3030 37

1818 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

{

niaxilliiry icachiiiff licyoiid oyo, itH h'lijjtli 24 in head; i)r('orl)itiil liroad;
pn'0]>urniliir H])ino.s long, all dirt't'tcd backward, tbu accond lon^'ost; ojnr
onlar Npinrs w«!ak ; 3 NiipraHiapiilar HpinoH. Scalt'Hon botly large, cttnoiil ;
acccHBory scales not very nnnu'ioiis; mandible nakf<I. Spiuons doi>al
hi^Ii) till' longest 8pin<< 2 in head, higher Ihau the Hol't rays, which arc
much tdovated; second anal spine longer and stronger than third, L' A In
lutad; soft ]>art uC anal high; pectorals rather short and broad, the tijts
barely reaching the vent, th«>ir length lU in body; ventrals reaching to
vent; candal truncate. lionus ol'sknll rather thin; preocnlar, ])Osto<'iilai,
tympanic, parietal, and coronal spines present, 4|iiit«' slender, sharji; ji.ni
otal spiuea sometimes divided; tlie ridges moderately thick and hi;;li:
parietal bones <juite far apart, interorbital sjiace narrow, 4 in base ni
skull, its middle convex, a depression on each side between th<< convexity
and the supraocular ridge; ventral process of basisphenoid strongly devel-
oped; mesethmoid processes compressed, thin, elevated; base of skull
straight. In one specimen the gill rakers are7-f 1^; oii the upper limit
2 only arc long and compressed, the others are roitntl and thick, Imi
slightly movable; on lower limb all those enumerated are <'ompresH('il ;
(n front is a mass tluit might represent nuliments of one or more. Color
blackish brown, much mottled Avith liglit l.rown; top of head dark; ;i
dark blotch on the upi»er anghi of the opercle; eiitin^ body Hushed with
brownish red, this color most noticeable on front of head; a brownish red
streak along middle of maxillary, and a second from the preorbital down-
wanl and backward across the cheek; another from eye to lower pari of
opi'r<"le; fins all marked with dark and light olive and reddish, the latter
hue esi)ecially on the ventrals and anal; base of pectoral blackish; uortli-
ern sitecimens are more blackish, and less uniform in color; old specimens
are often nearly uniform reddish brown; the young sometimes with
obscure dark )»ars, the caudal fin speckled. Length 18 inches, racitic
coast of America, from Capo Mendocino to Cerros Island, very abundant;
the only species entering bays and caught with ho<di and line from wharves.
It may be known at once by the coronal spines, these, however, often obso-
lete in the northern form, var. dallii. {aiirictihilii>i, eared.)

HebattCH auriculatus.GlKAUD, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1854, 131, 140, and 1'. S. Tnc. K. It.

Siirv.,X, Fishes, 80, 1858, Presidio, near San Francisco (Typo, No. 347. Cull. Limit.

Tro\vbri(ljj;c) ; AviiES, rroe. Ciil. Ac. Sci. 1862, 215, tiju;. 08.
Sehaiftes ruber, Aykks, I'roc. Cnl. Ac. Sci., i, 1854, 7. San Francisco; ndiilt.
Sebantcs ruber, \ur. parvv^, AvKES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci.. i, 1854, 7. San F-ancisco; youiij;.
Sebastoden atiriciilatii*, Jordan <fc (.Jii.uekt, Synopsis, 070, 1883; C'uameu, Proc. Cul. Ac.

Sci., series 2, v, 1895, 001, pi. 65, fig. 26.

Represented northward (Vancouver Island to Point Reyes) by a form
much darker in color, and lacking oue or both coronal spines in about hn 1 1
the specimens :

2222a. HKDASTODES AURICULATUS DALLII (Eigennmnn & lieusoii).

This form is thus described: Head 3; de])th 3. D. XIII, 14^; A. Ill, fiL
Dorsal spines moderate, 2 iu head; lower jaw proje<"ting. Maxillar\
extending beyond eye, about 2,! in head. Eye e(jHals snout, 3!f iu head,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1H19

itnl liroail;
^'cst; opcr-
[(', ott'iioid ;
loiiB dorsal

wbitli arc
ihird. I'i ill
1(1, tbr tipH
•cuchiiij; to
l)OHto(ulai,
liarp; ]iaii

un«l Li^li:

ill Itasc (if
L^ convexity
ii^ly <l(ivil-
8C of 8knll
upper liinli

thick, lull
OlllprcHSnl ;
ore. Color
ad dark ; ,1
iiHlicd with
owiiiisli icil
l)ital dowii-
vvor pari of
1, the lattir
isli ; uortl)-
Ispeciiiinis
times with
Taciiic

abundant;
wburvcs.

often ()l)so-

S. I'nc. K. It.
Coll. Lieut.

isco; yoHiij;-
'roc. Ciii. Ac.

»y a Ibrni
al>outb:ill'

on).

A. Ill, fil.
Maxillarv
6 in bead.

cnnBidenibly more than interorldtal widtli. Inferorldtalconeavc, 12 ntroii);
rid^eH dividing it into a median and 'J lateral ^rouveH; preorbital narrow,
witb 2 llat Hpine proceHHes. rreoiiercniar npincH directed liackwnrd. <iill
rakerH about 1.' in orbit; Neeond anal Hpine L'l^ in bead; maxillary, man-
dibles and snout naked; HcaleH mostly eyeioid. Lower pectoral niystbiek
and llesby. Tbre«) strai^lif, dark ttross bands, 1 from nape acrosH l)ase «if
petrtoral, I from sixtb to sevcntb tlorsal spine toward anus, a ball' one from
ei^fbtb to t«!iitb dorsal spine to Literal line, a broader one below soft dorsal ;
these bars extentl on to the dorsal lin ; a few small dark spots on bane of
pttctorals and on shoulder; sides of tail more or less mottled ; darkHtreakH
radiating from eye; jieritonenm pale. Specimen, SA inches loiiy; San
Francisco. The type specimen belongs to the collection of the Indiana
University. (Kigenmann iV Heeson.) (Named for William Ilealy l>all, of
the Hmithsonian Institution, who has l>een intimately identilled with the
I'acific coast zoiiloj^y for many years.

I'teropoitut ilallii, Kkiknmann & Hkkson, \m. Nat., Vol. xxvin, .Ian., 180J, 0(i, San

Francisco.
.Scbantoden auricitlatut dalli, Joun.VN \. SiAiiKS, Prue. Cul. Au. Soi. 18U5, 71)8.

Subgenus PTEROPODUS, Eigeumann \' Ileeson.
'2-2'2'i. Si:B.iSTOUKS ItASTItKLLHJKB (Jordan &: Uilbcrt).

(GitASS KoCKFISH.)

Head .3; depth 2J. D. XIII, 13; A. Ill, «;; scales 17. lb)dy oblonR.
deepest at the shoulders. Head short, blunt. Mouth moderate, little
oblique, maxillary reaching to posterior margin of eye, its length 2\ in
head; premaxillary rather below level of eye; Jaws e(|nal, without
symphysoal knob. Eye small, anterior, U in head. Prcoporcular s^dnes
short and stout, the 2 upper Biibe<iual; o]»ercular spines very broad and
llat, sometimes bifid; suprascapular spines strong. Gill rakers very short,
wide, compressed, the longest almost as wide as high. Scales on body
large; accessory scales few. Dorsal spines low, the lifth about i the
length of head; the tin little <>inargiuate; soft rays considerably higher
than spines; caudal slightly rounded; anal high, its spines low, the second
as high as third and much stouter, 3 in head; pectoral rather short, reach-
ing vent, its base extremely broad, its width about ^ length of head; the
lower rays mueh thickened; length of pectorals 3f in body; ventrals
moderate, not quite reaching the tips of pectorals. IJoues of skull thick ;
preocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present, strong, the
ridges l«)w but thick; occipital ridges very long, e(|ualling diameter of
orbit; parietal bones separate; interorbital space li in base of skull,
slightly convex, concave laterally inside of sujuaocular ridg»» narrower
than eye; ventral process of basisphenoid well developed; mesethmoid
processes compressed, strong, slightly elevated; base of skull very nearly
straight. Ulackish green, with paler niottlings, sides spotted with darker;
belly pale greenish; paired fins dark, often bordered with reddish; other

1820 liuUdin ^7, United States A^ational Museum.

tluHchii-tly oliviu!*'ouH, Apottoil with darker; tlii< )iriKhtu<-HH of tbo olivo
aiitl f{i'«utiiiHh nIihiIoh In ijiiito variultlo, Itiit tlio H|M*ci()H JH iiIwu.vh witlioiit
(lutiiiito luarkiiiKB "ixl without Itri^lit red; peiitont'iiiii ItrowniHh. L()n|;tii
irtiiichua. Coaatof Oulit'ornia, from San Dio^otoHau KraiiciHoo; abiiiKlunt
Hoiithward. A Htrouj^iy iniirkud NpoficH, known at oiico liy its Hbort \:S\\
i-iikt'iH. (riialnllHin, diiuiuutivi) oi 1 antrum, a rako; yno, I Itoar; from tlic
Nmall ii'ill rnkui'8.)

Sfbantiehthyt rantrelliger, .InnDAX & (iiLnKKT, Troc. U. 8. Nat. Sinn. 1880, 2'JO. Monterey.

(T.viM-, No. •.•7o:i;i. Coll. Jonlnit iV (iillH-rt.)
Sebantoilet raitiilliger, Jokda.n \ liii.iiintT, SyuopHiH, ATI, I88U; CuAUKlt, I'roo. Citl. Ac.

.Sci., Hi'iivit 2, V, 18U&, UU2, iiIh. (13 and 7U, |I|{h. 27 iiiul 41.

i'2H. SKII.iKTOIIKS rAI'llIMX (UiclmrilHon>.

t

II

lload 1'^ ; drpth 2'; ; oyo and nnont 0(|ual, 2 in mavilhirv, 4'^ in hoad. 1).
XIII, 12 to U; A. Ill, ({ or 7; 1M7 to 19; HraloH 41 to 44 (poieH); ti!Ui.s-
vorHb rows of Hcalvs 42 to 47. Hody stout, comproHued, tho back elovated.
Head Ntron^ly romprcHSod; tliodorual ]>rotilu nearly Htrai^lit; inturorbital
Mpac«- nearly Hat bctwoun thu nioloiatuly uluvatcd Kiipiaocular ridgvH,
5)( to 5j| in head; naual, preocular, pOHtocular, tym]ianic, and puriotiil
Hpines preHent, Hhurp, the ridgCH moderate; maxillary 2| in head, itH broiid
liOHterior end reaching about to posterior rim (»f orbit; lower Jaw Home-
what projecting witli a Bym])hy8eal kimb; lino scalen on maxillary and
part of lower Jaw. Preorbital Itroad, with usually 1 or 2 small, rather
blunt, spines; suborbital stay short; preopercular spines directed back-
ward, the 2 upper sharpest, the middle one datter an<l larger but not
divided. Dorsal spines high, strong, tlie fourth longest, 1^ in head; mem-
brane of spinous dorsal deeply incised, attached to the tliirteenth spiiio
at about the middle of its height; the soft rays a little sliorter than the
spines; second anal s])ino scarcely longer or stronger than the third, 2^ lu
head, li^ in soft rays; first anal e([ual to eye ami snout; caudal truneato;
pectoral reaching to or beyond vent, 3,^ to 3i( in length of body, its base
3 in its length ; accessory scales few. Dark brown, more or less washed
with coppery or yellowish, the dark shades being dark red, the palo
shades light brownish and better defined than in S. rrxillaria, but similarly
placed. In alcohol, body and head Idackisb above, with a very slight itink-
ishtint; paler below; tins all blackish; pale shades whitish; peritoneum
white. I'nget Sound to Sitka; abundant uorthward; replacing ^\ r<jr(7-
hiriH. This species is very close to Sehosfoiha rcxillans in general char-
acter, but differs from it in color. It has fewer accessory scales, a more
I eminent, somewhat projecting, lower jaw with symphyseal kno)», a
broader preorbital, less flattened cranial ridges, a longer second anal
spine, and lower dorsal spines. The body is apparently more compressed,
the pectoral a little longer, the posterior end of the maxillary a little
broader, with a slightly different outline. Here described from speci-
mens from Seattle, {caurinua, northwestern, from caurus, northwest
■wind.)

Jordan and Evcrniann, — Fishes of North Anicrka. 1821

SthatUtcaurinni,' UiciiaRIWON, Voytjreof tlio Siilpliiir, Iclitliyology, 77, J>1. 41, flj(.l.

IMS. Sitka. \
Stbattudu eiturinut Jordan & (ilLiiiCiiT, SyiuipiiH, 07'.', 1883.

8a2ft. NRDAMTODEN VEXILLAItlH (Jorilnn A- (Silliert).

Eyo inodoriitt^ hl^^h up, 1 to 1} in licftd. I). XIII, 10; A. Ill, fi; hciiIch
.">'>. Ilody Htoiit and conipriMHttd, hiick ulrviitml. Month ratlicr liirfro,
Inoad niuxillary oxtondin^ behind oridt, its Irn^tli 'J in liuad; )>r«tnmxil-
liiry on lovtd of iowvr odgo of pupil ; Jaws Hnli<!i|inil, h)Wi<r Honicwhat |>i'o-
.irctin>;, but witliout HvniphyH«;ul kncdt; upper Jaw rnuirginato at tip;
intcrorbital apace narrower than eye, occu)dod by 2 raist-d rid^ca, cov-
irt'd by the acah'a; preopercnlar apinoa niotluratu, aonio of thoni nanally
divided into 2, 3, or 1 at tip, middle one largest; preorbital very Itroud;
Hiiborbital atay abort. .lawa naked. Gill rakora rather lon^ and strong,
the longest alightly clavate, about 2 in eyo. Doraal apinea vory strong
and high, about aa in S. chlorostictus, nearly na high aa in S. wtilliivr,
the highoat more than ^ length of head, and rather higher than the
very high Hoft raya; membrane of apinoua dorsal rather <lufply incist-d,
but leas so than in S, maUgtr; aet-ond anal apin«> ',i in head, acarcely longer
than third and not much stronger, about ij aa high aa noft rays; caudal
truncate; pectoral ahoiter than head, not reaching vent, its baae rather
broad, length 3J in body; ventrala not reaching vent. Honea of akull
thick; preocnlar, i)natocular, tympanic, and jtarietal ai)ineH present (tym-
panic apinea aometimca abaent), the ri<lgea rather low and heavy; parietal
bonea far apart; intcrorbital apace 3} in base of akull, aomcwhat concave;
a deeper median groove between 2 amall ridgca over the niucoua t^anala;
ventral proceaa of baaiaphenoid well developed, meaetbmoid procesaea
comproaaed, a little elevated ; base of skull atraight. Bright i)ale yellowish

* The following is the orif^inal deHcriptlon of tliiH HpeclcH: "Vhar. Spec. S. Renis inor-
iiiibiis, linoiH clovatiB intra orbitiis niiliiH, xpiuiH nasi iitrinqtic l>iiiiM, Hpinin ct'tcriM oa|iitii4
ilniiiiHgiH; ])ai'U) HpiiiOHil piiiiiii* (lorai altj'i arciinta; piiinix iniinaciilatN." Katiii: I). Ill 111;
A.3/0; C.iajj; P.Uetviii; V. 1/5. I'latu XU, fl);. 1. Half iiat. Mi/.e. "I'liis upccicM greatly
n«8einl)lcH tlie S. nofreijiciis in tint arniatiiro of itH head. I)ut ditl'crH in the greater lieiKlit
of its doFHal HplneH and the lartfer mze of tliu scalea. It itt better armed tlian the >S'. varia-
bills, which, !il<e itHelf, ia an inliabitant of the North I'aciHu Ocean, and it dill'erH in the
niiinhor.s of itH tin rays botli from that Hptu^ius and tlie S. uiermin of >lapan. It lia^ more
ns!4einblanceinitHHpinei)to.s'.»(armora(u.v(T<>nini. ScSi-hU'^e], Fauna Jaiwn.. tab. 21. UK- 1),
lint the niarkingH on tiiu linn ditl'er and tlie doraal rayH ot cauriims are hif^her than tliose
(if any of theao 3 .^tpecies. The length of the liead and the height of the liody are abont
e(|naf, and are contained 3J times in the whole len;;th of the ti.sn. Tlie interofbital space
is flattiHli, and is acarcely di^preaaed below the margin of the orbit. Hi-Hides the iiMiial
H|>ine abo'. e tin; nostrils there is a smaller one at tl..) anterior opening. There is an ai^nto
point near the middle of the orbital crest, another at the posterior angle of the orbit, and
A third amaller one on the temples elo.se beneath it. The lateral cranial crc^t, com-
mencing over the temporal spine, is low and even and ends in a similar point. The
siipraacapular shows an acute but not elevated edge, which ends in a sharp, angular
IMiint. Another point of the same bone is with dilHculty detected among the scales lower
down, and the sca|)iila haa also a spinous point. The preorbital is divided into 3 aballow,
truncated lobes, which are a little tilt;d No ridge can be traced externally across the
cheek nor any spines under the eye. There are the usual 5 preopercular angles of spiiiei)
and 2 opercular onea. Two minute teeth exist in the sulioperciilum and interoperciiliiin
at the point where these bones meet each other. All the spines are closelv reeiimbent.
There are 43 rowa of scales in i>, longitudinal row, excliiaive of some small ones on tho
base of tho caudal. The apecimen. being dried, has lost its colora. Length 15 inches."
The northwest coast <it America. The spee.iinen was ]irocured at tho Kussiau settlement
of Sitka. (Richardson, Voyage of the Sulphur, iiago 77.)

! This specioa ia very abuuuaut iu Sitka Harbor, where many apecim^ns were taken
by us iu 1896.

wm w m

■'^FTT'

1822 JhtlU'lin /7, UniUd Sinks Nntioual Museum.

M

red, hct'niiiiii); li^lifer bolow, tlio rnthliHli iiii*l yellow iali roriniiiK liir({i> tiiiil
irre^iiliir mriiH, HiMiietiineH uiit) hIiimIo preiloiiiiiiiitinu, HoinetiiiieH tlieotlior;
11 pink rrtiHH blotch on hiiuk at liikm' of Heroiul ami tliini dniHul H|iiiitis
HoiiiittiiiivH pri-Ni'iit; upper purtH of heiul inoHtly pink, witli liroiHl olivn
HliuileN riiiiiiiii^ l)ii<kwur*l, I on lower lip, I on maxillary, 1 IVoni preoiliital
region tlownwaril, 1 I'roni eye Itackwunl an<l ilownwnr<l ihtohm eheek, and
anotlnr iieroNH opercular HpiiieH; linN all pinkiMli ro<l, nieinbram-H olive;
vertical Huh narrowly eil^ed with tluHky ; top of head iiNiially with alter-
nating ei'oHH shatli'H of ))inkiHh and yellowiHh ; yellowinh nhadeH Homutiims
replaced by li^lit olive; other HpecinienH are(|niti' ro<l; ntill otliern brown-
inh; li^ht areaH on buck havo a position Niniilar to that of the rouy N|>otH
in Sihunlmlm loimlvlhitus: peritoneiini white. Length 1.' feet. CouHt nt'
California, San Die^o toCajie Mendocino, very common; <mu of the larger
HpocieH. {rijillitriH, Htandiird bearing.)

StbnHtiehtlnii vexiUarin, .Iihidan \ ( ;u,iiki(T, I'roc. II. .^. Nat. Miih. 1H80, 'JU2, Santa Barbara
Channel; San Francinco. ( r,v|ii<, No. 'J7087. Cull. •Ionian .V Ulllirrt.)

Stba»liiili» iu-jill<iii.i, .loiiDAN \ (iii.iiicUT, .S,\uoimiH, 07:.', 1883; C'liAMUU, i'roc. Cul. xVc. 8ci.,
■erlo» 2, V, 1805, 002, \A. 00, IIkh. 'J8 auU 2»

ii^

III'

P h

1 1 ;

|!lS:J: l

vv.

III

'iHn. SKItASTOI»i:S MAI.KJKK (Jnnlan \ (iill)ort).

{YELU)WItA<'KKl> UlH'KFISM.)

Tlond 2?; depth 2^. D. XIII, i:{; A. Ill, 15; scalcH -17. Body oblong,
robnHt; he.'id large; month niotlerate, the, jav learly etjual when cIohciI ;
maxillary reaching to oppoHito jtoHterior m of eye, itu length aboi't

i that of head; preorbital moderate, with ..u angular lobe; prcoper-
enlar spinoH very short; opercular long. (Jill rakers moderate, Bomcwhat
clavute, about as long as pupil. >S<'alcs rough; Jaws naked. Doi-Hiil
spines very high and strong, higher than in any other species, the mem-
bianes very deeply incised, so that i or more of the length of the highest
spines is free anteriorly; highest spine about g length of head, the tin
deeply ennirginate; soft dorsal high, but lower than the s])ines; caudal
truncate; anal high, the se<-ond spine 2^ in head, little higher than the
third, not if height of soft rays; pectorals very broad and rounded,
reaching beyond ventrals to vent; base of tin broader than eye, the lower
rays thickened, its length 3^ in body, iiones of skull moderately thin;
pH'ocnlar, postocular, tympanic, and ]iarietal spines present, strong, sharp,
the ridges high and thick; parietal bones well separated; interorbital
space 4^ in base of skull, deeply concave, with rather high ridges ovei'
mucous canals; ventral process of basisphcnoid well developed, mescth-
moid processes compressed, strong, much elevated; base of skull nearly
straight. Color warm yellowish brown, the anterior portion of the back
and sides nsually clear yellow; bn-ast yellow; anterior part of body ami
head, especially in the adult, closelj' covered with small round spots of ii
clear orange-brown color; posterior part of body darker than anterior,
variously mottled; soft fins all slaty black, the pectorals and dorsal paler
at base and speckled ; brownish shades radiating from the eyes; p«'rito-
ueum pale. Length 20 inches. Pacific coast of Aiuerica, from Monterey

Jordan and livermann, — Fishes of North AmcrUa, 1H23

to Hitkii, iiioHtly ill ili-t^p water; very iiltiindnnt iiortliwiinl; (tiie of thn
l;ki');t>Ht H|M<clr8. (»i((/m«, iiiuMt; '/<>'(>, I lu'iir.)

stbitntichlliiiii inaliijtf, irdRDAV Si OiMiKitr, I'roc. I'. S. Nat. Mom. IriHO, T.^J, San Francltco.

(TyiMs Nit. 371)01. <:i>ll..l(iriliin ^v (illlirrt.)
^.baitoiles tiiatiiifr, .Ioiiiian iV (iil.liKUT, SyDupnU, 073, IHKI; CUAMKR, I'ruo. Cul. At'. St:i.,

H<'i'ii'it2, V, IHUO.UU'i, pi. 06, tItf.ltU.

I load

') 7 .

>iiii!7. HKIIAKTOnCS (UMtKltTI, OaiiM r,

depth L"t to ». I). XIII, i:i; A. Ill, (>; V. 17; triiiiHvorHe
iol)lii|iiM) rowH of HcaluH It) to 42; liitm-iil lino (porrH) ulimit :{!) to 42.
Kody Hoinowliiit coinpnvssfMl, ItH widtli ovtu- hiiHit of poctonilH iiciirly 2 iu
tlio dttpth (ovor tho HlioiilderH). Ili-ad loiiiprt'HNtMl; piotilo Htt^op, nutiiiy
Ntrai|{lit; piuociiliir, poHtonilar, tyi^panic, and parietal Hpiiit's and rid^rt'H
prcHent, hII ratliur dtdicato, tlio HpineH Huinrwliat appiesHed, thn p:iri<-tul
lid^roH div«>rKiii}; liuokward in Hlifrlit ontwurd ciirveH, Inturorliital spiite
1^ in orbit, a litMo concave, witli a pair 'if low ridges and a hIijiIIow median
groove between tlioiii. Orbit hiv;b up, iieuriy eirnilar, i in head, itN puH-
tcrior rim nt about iniddlo of iun^fth of head. I'reorbital Hcanely loliato
1)11 itH iiiur)<;in, iiHiially with I Hhort triaugiihir npinu poHteriorly; hiiW-
Di-itital Htay not viHible uxturiially ; prooperciilar spincM all diiectt'd back-
ward, the 2 uppennosf (doaer together than tho otheiH, the 2 lo\verino.st
weak; opercular H])iii .s rather Hinall, nharp, without vJHible ridges; month
nearly horizontal, the tip of tho npper Jaw nearly on a level with the lower
lim of tho orbit; niaxilliary 2? in head, itn poHtorior end reaching alioiit
to vertical from posterior rim of orbit; lower Jaw very slightly projecting,
with a alight HymphyHoal knob. Teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, the
liands on tho latter narrow. Gill rakers rather slender, 2 to 'A in orbit, 21^
on anterior limb of tirst arch. Fourth dorsal spine highest, Ij', in head;
the meinbrano of tho lirst dorsal very deeply incised, reaching only ]t of
the way up on tho anterior side of tho third, and about ^ of the way up
on the fourth spiuo, nearly to tho tip of the twelfth, and about halfway
up on tho thirteenth spino; soft rays lower than the spines, about Hiu
the longest 8])iuo; caudal tin truncate, with 11 or 12 full-length rays, about
I -I in head; second anal spine longer and much stronger than tho third,
'2r in head, 1\ iu tho soft rays; pectoral tin reaching to or a little beyond
vent, 3^ in length of body, the median rays longest, the H lower rays
unbranched and thickened, base of tin 3 in its length ; ventrala reaching
not quite to vent, the spine about 0(|ual to third anal spine. 8<-ales rather
small, those of body, cheeks, aud iiiterorbital sptr.ce all ctenoid, those of
Itruast cycloid; maxillary with miuuto scales, lower Jaw and top of head
naked; accessory scales few, some of them ctenoid. Color in formalin:
head blackish above; lips dusky; a dark band from front of orbit for-
ward along side of snout; a dark stripe on maxillary; a blackish oliva-
ceous band from preorbital backward and downward across proopeiclo ;
another broader band from posterior rim of orbit across preopercle and
lower end of subopercle; a dark blotch on opercle; a blackish areo in
front of dorsal aud in front of lirst and second spines, <3Xtending with

:■¥

i

1824 Dulletin 47, United States National Miiseiim.

:M

intt>rruptioiia to axils of itectorals, und on to the hase of tho tin, and down-
ward and bn<'kward in a narrow broken band toward tho vent ; anotiier
band from belo v sixth and seventh dorsal spines downward and backward
nearly to ori^rin of anal; a third short one from below ninth and tentli
S|)ineH to lateral line; a broad one nnder soft dorsal ext(mding below lat-
erui line and another across back of peduncle; all these dark areas extend
np on the dorsal tin, their outlines are not sharply defined, and they, as
well as tlid lighter areas of the body, are mottled with scattered and niucli
darker spots; tho ligliter areas of the sides were in the fresh state a dull
brick re'l, becoming lighter below; dorsal membrane blackisli between
first and third, and between fifth and eleventh spines; soft dorsal S))otted,
with blackish anteriorly; membrane of caudal dusky, the dark much
broken into spots ; anal and ventx-als dusky ; pectorals with a broad trans-
verse, dark, spotted band near base, ,and a transverse dusky area with
uarker spots on distal half; tins in life probably more or less tinged
with the reddish color; peritoneum white. Coast of California, rare; 3
specimens from San Franeisco market, 7A, 8J, and 8^ inches long; speci-
mens also taken at Monterey. (Nanied for Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert.)

Sebaitodog rjilberti, CRAMEH, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1806, 241, with plate, San Francisco. (Coll.
Dr. Jordan.)

2228. SKBASTODEK CARXATl'S (Jordan &. Gilbert).

(FlJiSU-COLGRED IvOCKFISH.)

Head 2|; dei)th 2?. D. XIII, 13; A. Ill, 6; pyloric civca 8; vertebrn'
12-f-15; seales 43. IJody rather short and deej); mouth low and rather
short, maxillary extending to rather behind posterior edge of eye, its
length 2 in head; premaxillary entirely below eye; jawt. about equal ; no
symphyseal knob. Scales on head rather rougher than in S. cliryno-
mi'las; lower Jaw, maxillary, space in tront of eye, and nasal region
naked. Cranial ridges well developed, but somewhat lower than in >'.
chrysomelas, covered with thick skin. Gill rakers short, elavate. Spi-
nous dorsal always higher thcan in IS. chnfsortu'lan, tho highest spines 2 in
head, rather higlier than the soft rays, the membianes more deeply incised
than in ^'. vhrysomvhis caudal truncate ; anal moderately high, second spine
2| in head, stronger and slightly longer than third, about J height of soft
rays; pectorals rather short, 3h in head, about reaching to vent, their
bases very broad, the lower rays thickened and Heshy; ventrals reaehinj;
vent. Bones of 8ki;ll moderately thin; prcocular, postocular, tymjianii',
and parietal spines present, sharp and strong, the ridges high and stnmj;;
parietal bones widely separated; interorbital space 5 in base of skull,
concave; ventral process of basisphenoid well developed, mesethmoiil
processes compi-essed, thin, very much elevated, the points curved down-
ward; base of skull straight. Yellowish brown, with blotches of clear
llesh color or pinkish, the uark color predominating above, the pinkish
below; membrane between third and fourth spines always pale, this color
forming a blotch at the base of these spines, and then extending obli(iuel\
downward aud backward, usually joining the ventral color: in front of

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1825

this light area on the sides is a narrow obliqne dark one, in front of which
in turn is a pale ono, whicli bej^ins at angle of opercle and divides, pass-
ing around pectorals and uniting below thoni ; a light blotch under eighth
dorsal spine, extending up on the fin ; another at Junction of the 2 dorsals,
and another nnder last ray; under each of these arc irregular undulating
pale areas; sides with pale blotches of all sizes; hea<l above with cross
shades and bands radiating from eye, its light shades tinged with purplish ;
iins colored like neighboring parts of body; peritoiieuni white. Length
II inches. Coast of California, from San Diego to San Francisco; abundant
in very shallow water, the young living close to the s'.ure among rocks.
(carnatua, flesh-colored.)

Sehcutichthyx camatui, Jordan & Gn.nEHT, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Mns. 1880, 73, Monterey
(Coll. Jordan & Gilbert) ; Eigenman.n' & Eioen.mann, West American Scientist 1889, 130.
Sebastodet carnatus, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 674, 1883.

Cisco. (Coll.

2220. 8EBAST0DES CIIRYSOXELAS (Jordan &. Gilbert).

(Black and Yellow Rockfish.)

Head 2f ; depth 2f. D. XII, I, 13; A. Ill, 6; scales 45. Body short and
stout, compressed. Head short, bluntish. Mouth rather small, entirely
below the axis of the body; lower jaw slightly included; premaxillaries
on level of lower edge of orbit; maxillary reaching posterior margin of
eye, its lengtli 2 in head; preorbital wide. Cranial ridges covered with
thick skin, ending in strong spines which diverge backward; preopercnlar
spines short .and thick; gill rakers as in SchaatoiUa carnatus. Scales
moderate, rough, the accessory ones \'e>\\', lower jaw, maxillary, nasal
region, and space in front of <^yo naked. Dorsjvl spines high and strong,
the highest 2^ in head, rather higher than soft rays, the tin deeply
emarginate ; second anal spine 2f in head, much stronger than third, the two
about equal in length ; pectoral 3| in head, with very broad base, reach-
ing beyond tips of ventrals, which reach nearly to vent ; lower pectoral
rays thickened; caudal truncate. Bones of skull rather thin; preocular,
postocalar, tympanic, and occipital spines present, the ridges very high
and strong; parietal bones quite far apart, sometimes nearly meeting;
interorbital space, in its narrowest part about 5| in base of skull, concave;
ventral process of basisphenoid strongly developed ; mesethmoid processen
long, compressed, thin, elevated; base of skull straight. Pattern of
coloration precisely as in S. carnaim, the colors different; the light shade
a clear, wnxm, brownish yellow, with some specks of deeper orange,
varying from a dnsky orange to olivaceous yellow, the latter color more
<)ft(^n seen on the belly ; dark shade, black or dark brown, with slight
olive tinge; dark color predominating on back; membrane between third
.'ind fourth dorsal spines and an area at base of these spines always pale;
a yellow blatch extending thence downward and backward, usually join-
ing the light color of belly; another light area passing from near angle
of opercle around pectorals, uniting below them; 3 other blotches along
back, 1 under eighth dorsal spine, 1 under last spine, and 1 under last
soft ray ; from each of these, irregular pale areas extend down the sides ;

I

■1 '\- V :

-' ,. '"'If

; -i ' J

,■:,.' t

m

w ; ;i

1826 Bulletin 4."^ , United States National Museum,

S

I

i

f

li

tit

iiuH tlu) color of the region to which they helong; head above with
(lusky (>ro8H Hliades aud faint baud.s radiating; from eye; poritoiuuim pale.
Leiijjth i;{ inches. Pacitic coast of America, from Puget Sound to San
Diego; almiulant in rather deep waf.ar; northern npecimena more dull in
color than those frciu San l-'raucisco. {xpv66%, gold; /tisAai, black.)

Sehastichthi/s chnimniwlat; .louo \N &. (tlMiERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1880, 4r)5 and 4(i5, Mon-
terey. (Typo, No. 26968. Coll. , Ionian & Gilbert.)

Sebaitiehtliys ehn/somelax var. pnrjntreun* Eiqenmann & Kiqenmann, West Aiuuricun
S(;iciiti.st188i), i:iO, San Diego.

SebantijM'n clifi/xomi'las, .Ioiidan & (rn.DiciiT, Synopsis, 675. 1883.

ii:iO. KKBASTODKS XKBULOSUS (AyroH).

(VBU.OW-SPOTTEI) ROCKFISU.)

Head ^; depth -J'}; eye large, 3 in head. I). XIII, 13; A. Ill, 7; Inteiiil
line 49. l$ody robust, the back elevated, the profile steep. Mouth rather
large, the Jaws e(|ual, the maxillary 2 in h^ngth of head, extending to
beyond pupil; jaws nnked; preoperuular spines short. Gill rakers jih in
S, clirynomcliis. Dorsal rather high, ccmsiderably eniarginato, the highest
spines 2 in head, higher than soft rays; caudal truncate; second anal
spine 2.V in head, stouter and slightly longer than third, much lower thiin
softrjiys; pectorals short and l)roail, 3.} in length, reaching beyond tips
of ventrals to vent. Scales rough, the accessory scales numerous. Hones
of skull moderately thin; preocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal
spines present, the ridges very high and strong; parietal bones far apart;
interorbital sjyace narrow, 5 in base of skull, made dt^eply concave by the
very high dupraoccii)ital ridges, with nearly Hat center; ventral proces.-^
of basisphonoid well developed, mesethmoid processes compressed, thin,
much elevated; base of skull straight. (Jround color blue black of vary-
ing shade, sometimes tinged with yellowish anteriorly, everywhere finely
and irregularly freckled and spotted with yellow or white, the light color
usually bright aud sharply defined; these spots smallest and most numer-
ous on head ; a broad irregular yellow band, made of contiuent blotches,
from between third and fourth dorsal spines, involving their membrane,
downward to lateral line, thence backward to base of caudal; fins all
black, with light spots at base; under parts soiled yellow; peritoneum
pale. Length 12 inches. Pacific coast of America, from Vancouver Islanil
to Point Concepcion; a very pretty species, in rather deep water; abun-
dant. {nehulosiiH, clouded.)

' I>r. Eigeninnnn thus dcscribos Seba.itichthys chrynomelas pvrpnreus:
" The 8Uj)riii«Mil,T spines are raised niiicli auova the, surrounding ])arta. Dor.ial in one
speeiiiicn Xlll. l^i in the other XIV, 12J. MenibraneBof all the tins dark greenish, tippril
witli purple. Hase of anal yollow. Head and baek dark brown; lower portions of siiles
purple; base ot pectoral and its upper half brown, tinged with yellow. A purple bar ex-
tending from eye downward' and backward to suboporcle, below whicli is a greenish band.
Gill nierobrane.s an<l niombranos below nif>xillary, breast, and belly dirty yellow; niandible.s
purple, lower lip yellow, upper slate blue; membranes between third and fourtli and
soveatli and eighth dor.sal spines purple, the color extending on back; a sim.lar spot on
and below last dorsal spine ; sides irregularly blotched with purple, this color not forming
a band iriong posterior part of lateral line.'

Two specimens from the San Diego market. (Eigenniann & Eigemnann.) Whether tliis
IS a distinct sitecies or blmply an Inteusiticatiou of the usual black aud orange coloration
we cauuot determine.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1827

.seba»tt»/asciattti, Giuah», Proc. Ac. Nut. .Sci. Philii. 1854, 146, and in I'. S. Ptic. U. R. Surv.,

X, FiHhos, 70, 1858, San Francisco; not of Stouur.
SfhtttO's nebulotus, AviiES, Proc. Ciil. Ac. Sci., I, 1854, 5, San Francisco.
S'liaslichthi/s/asciolarlii, LocKiNdroN, Proc. U. S.Nat. Miis. 1880. 2it7, San Francisco.
Sfbantodes nehulomt. JoiujAN & <iiLHEKT, Syuopaia, 670, 1883 ; CuAMBH,Pruc. Cal. Ac. Sci.,

8crio8 2, V, 181)5, 003, pi. 07, lig. 32.

Subgenus SEBASTICHTHYS, (ill!.
2281. SKBASTODES KKKKK'KPS (.lordun & <iilbert).

(TUKEFISH.)

Iload 3; depth 2i; pectoral 3.}; I'ye small, 5 in liead. D. XIII, 13; A.
Ill, 5; scales 50. IJody robust, compressed behind. Head compre-ssed.
.Month large, the raa.villary reaohinjjc to opposite middle of eye, its length
:.H in head; Jaws e(|ual. Cranial ridges covered with lax, thick skin,
placed nearly in a right lino on each side; interorbital space closely
sciilcd; preorbitiil rather broad; preopercnlar spines sharp; .ja\v,s naked;
iiicmbranes of spinous dorsal thick, covered with small scales. Gill
rakers short, stitf, and clavate. Dorsal spines strong, rather low, scarcely
exserted, lower than the soft rays, the longest 2jf in head; second anal
si)iiies 2\ in head, stronger than third, scarcely longer; pectorals broad
and rounded, the lower rays thickened, the tips reaching vent; ventrals
reaching bey<md vent; caudal rounded, liones of skull moderately thick;
])r(M)cular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, and nuchal spines present, short,
tliick, rather blunt, the ridges very thick and high; nuchal spines some-
tiiiios coalescent with parietals; parietal bones meeting in a straight line;
interorbital space narrow, 6 in base of skull, concave; 2 strong ridges
over mucous canals; ventral process of basisphenoid well developed;
nicsethmoid processes strong, compressecl, slightly elevated, distal half
dicurvcd; base of skull straight. Dark olive, blackish above, yellowish
below; sides with about 7 oblique black cross bands, widjr than eye,
usually sharply defined, but sometimes faint in the young; 2 black bands
downward and backward from eye; lips, mouth, front and lower part of
head strongly washed with coppery red; bases of tins with small whitish
spots; lins blackish olive; cranial ridges black; peritoneum pale. Length
\'l inches. Coa.st of California, from Point Keyes to Cerros Island; very
abundant southward, about rocks near shore; on(! of the most singularly
marked of the rocktishes. {svvrii, saw; -cvpa, head.)

Scbattichthyt serriceps, J onvAN &. Gilhekt, Proc;. 1'. S.Xat. Mua. 1880, 38, Santa Catalina
Island; Santa Barbara. (Typo, No. 26918. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert.)

Hi'bastodeg serriceps, JoKDAN & CriLBEUT, Synopsi.s, 070,1883; Chameu, Proc, Cal. Ac. Sci.,
series 2, v, 1895, 001, pi. 05, tig. 25.

letlierthis
coloration

2'232. fSKIl.lSTODKS M(JBOCI.\( TIS (Ayrea).
(Black-handed Kockfish.)

Head 2^; depth ?.^; eye large, 4|r in head. D. XIII, 15; A. Ill, 7; scales
">0. Hody short, deep, and compressed, dee])er than in any of the other
species; back arched. Head large, conipresb. d. Mouth very large ; max-

Ijff

.11

1828 Bulletin ^7, U?tited States National Museum,

illary extendinf; to beyond pupil, 2 in bead; lower jaw very Hlightiy pro-
jecting, the Bymphysis not prodnced; premaxillary scarcely below eye.
Cranial ridges higher than in any other species, their Hpines blunt, tlic
ridges arranged in 2 nearly parallel series as in S. serricepa, the snrfaoe ot
the larger ones roughened by accessory spinous tubercles ns in S. ruh< r
rimua; occipital ridges very high; skin covering cranial ridges thin 01
obsoh'te, not lax; intercrbital space S])ar8eiy scaled, very narrow, its
breadth a little more than i diameter of eye, with very strong frontal
ridges, which are not covered by the scales; jaws naked; preorbital broad,
a low ridge extending along its surface and that of the suborbital; this
ridge, somewhat rough and not covered with the scales, is continuous
with the short suboribital stay; preopercular spines short, very blunt,
the opercular spines very strong ; scapular spines moderate. Gill rakers
short and stout, clavate, the longest nearly i the diameter of the eye.
Dorsal spines rather high and strong, the longest 2^ in head, about as hi^li
as soft rays, the fin not deeply emarginate; caudal tin rounded; anal I'm
high, its second spine 2| in head, higher and much stronger than the thinl ;
pectorals broad, fan-shaped, 3J in length, their base J bronder than tlio
diameter of the orbit, their tips not quite reaching tips of veutrals. Scales
rough. Base of skull nearly straight; interorbital space concave and
narrow, about 6 in base of skull; process of mesethmoid directed nearly
horizontally (in an old specimen); ventral process of basisphenoid well
developed; cranial ridges very strong and high; interorbital space widen-
ing quite markedly backward, parietals meeting in middle lines. Briglit
orange red, with .5 jet-black vertical bars, overlaid with bright red; tluHc
bars comparatively narrow, none of them wider than eye; 1 at beginninu
of dorsal, extending downward on opercle and scapular region; a second,
broader one, under middle of spinous dorsal; a third under posterior part
of spinous dorsal; the fourth narrower, under front of soft dorsal; the lit'tli
under middle of soft dorsal, all of these extending on the dorsal fin ; J
oblique black bands from eye, downward and backward across cheek ;
another upward and backward toward the nape; fins uniform deep orangt',
anal and veutrals tipped with blackish; mouth red; peritoneum white.
Length 2 feet. Pacific coast of America, from Monterey to Vancouver
Island, in deep water; very rare southward; occasionally about the J'aral-
loncs, where the specimens here described were taken ; rather common in
the straits of Juan de Fuca; a large and singular species, the most strik-
ing in color of the group, and scarcely less beautiful than Schastodesnihii-
vinciua. It is evidently closely related to Svbaatodea avrriccpa, {nigcr, black ;
cincttia, girdle.)

SebaHes nigrocinctus, Atres, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., n, 1859, 25 and 217, flg. 6, San Francisco.
Sebagtichthijii nigrocinctus, Gn.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1802, 278.
Sebastodee nigrocinctus, Jorpan & Gilbert, Syuopsis, 677, 1883.

Note.— For purposes of comparison we here append diagnoses of tho
(■emaiuing known species of Scbaaiodea.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1829

1. Si'ECIEH UkLATED to SEBASTODES MEIJINOPS AND S. OVALIS, KIIOM THE NOUTUERN

Shores of Jai>an.

a. SEBASTODES I>'EU3IIS (Cuvior & Valencioiinos).

(Me waru.)

Head vory sliglitly raoro tlmn depth [ depth 2i to 3. D. XIII, 15; A. Ill, 7; lat«'ral
iiiin :iHto 42 (ponis). Nasul, proix^uhir, postociihir. tyiiipauic, and puriutal Hpinos present, all
iinliiiientary. Upper profile of huad rising rather rapidly, without curvinUi to the slightly
I iiivtsdnaiJO. Head pointed forward. Lower jaw projecting, witlisyniphyseal knob. Orhit
r:il her more than 3 to 31 j snout (to tip of rhin) 23 to 2}; interorhital space 4i to4J in la-ad.
Jlciuth oblique. Maxillary reaching middle of eye or a little beyond. Teeth in narrow
blinds on jaws, vomer, and palatineH. Proorbital low, with 2 strong 8)>ines directed back-
wiinl. Maxillary and mandible scaly. Ui.per outline of spinous dorsal <iuit(( strongly
curved, fifth and sixth spines nearly \ as long as head, first spine but little more tnan
\ orbit, the twelfth about eiiual to snout. Vontrals about 2ij, pectoral about IJ, caudal
alioiit \\ iu head; ventrals reaching nearly as far back as longest pectoral rays, In some
cases nearly to origin of anal; second anal spiuo stronger, sometimes a little shorter,
Biiiiietimes a little longer than third; caudal nearly truncate. Maxillary extieiiioly
weakly scaled ; mandildo (tiel), snout, and pieorbital scaloless. Lateral line parallel with
dorsal outline, 38 to 42 jwres on body, 2 on caudaL Dlackish gray or reddish violet, paler
Ik low. Abundant at Tokio. (St«indachncr & Diiderlein.)

6V(;(f*(!c« infir»ii«, CuviEB & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 346, 1829, Japan (inter-
orbital space not concave); GCntueb, Cat., 11, 97, 1800; Hilgkndork, Sitz.-Bericht.
(leselliiaturf. Freunde, IJorlin, 172, 1880; Steindachneb & DOdeblein, Beukschr.
Akad. Wiss. Wien 1884, 205.

h, SEBASTODES VEXTBICOSl'S (Temminck & Schlegel).

I'pper surface of head flat, the ridges and spines very feeble; interorbital width 5 in
liead; Jower jaw acutely prominent; maxillary reaching middle of eye. Fourth dorsal
Hpiuo longest, nearly \ length of head, much longer than third aual spine. Brownish.
Sea of Japan. (Giiuther.)

Uilgendorf regards .V. centricofiw as identical with iSi. tnermw, Cuvier & Valenciennes;
but it appear? to be distinct.

Si'bnsteii venti-ieomg, Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japon., Poise., 48, pi. xx, figs. 1, 2,
1842 ; Bleekeb, Ycrhaud. Batav. Guuootsch., xxvi, 80 ; U Ontukb, Cat., 11, 97, 1860.

Francisco.

loses of tlio

c. SEBASTODES JOYNEBI (Guuther).

(TOKBNOKO ME WAIIU.)

Head 3 to 3A; depth 3. D. XIII, 14 or 15; A. Ill, 7; P. 10 (V) ; lateral lino al)out 42 to
411 (pores). Orbit 3; snoutand iuterorbital width more than 3Jin bead. Mouth moderate,
olilicitio; projecting lower jaw with sympbyseal knob. Teeth delicate, sharp, iu narrow
bands. Maxillary not <iuite reaching middle of eye. Preorbital low (broad?) with 2
strung spines directed downward and backward. First (uppermost) spine of preopercle
11 little weaker than the fifth; second longest, the others decreasing rapidly in length.
Opercular spines parallel, the upper stronger. Maxillary, under side of lower jaw, as in
IS. ini'nni». Preorbital and greater part of snout (nearly whole head except lips) scaled.
Pores of lower jaw inconspicuous. Fourth to sixth dorsal spines longest, 2 in head ; sec-
ond aual spine stronger but eijual to third in length, 2 iu head. Pectoral somewhat
pointed toward tip, as long as or only a little shorter than head, reaching beyond vent or
oven to origin of anal. Ventral and caudal IJ in bead, the latter slightly concave; basal
half of spinous dorsal with minute scales; whole of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal com-
pletely scaled. Color in life (Diiderlein), red, darker on the back; 5 blackish cross

1830 Dullctin //, United States National Museum.

I

I- :

bamlH running npon dorsal fin an.l on<Une bolow (except second and third) at lateriil line;
laHl 2 Imndrt Hliort, rounded; tlio toug(>st 2, niiddlit bunds soniotinit'M interrii|itcd, niiii
Honietini(>!4t'()rniin;;2Hpota. Len^itbOJ incht's. Japan; Nijiiion, Tokio; a|i])art!Utl.v indi'i p
water. (StoindaclmtT & Uodcrlein.) ICrronoouMly identiliud with S. inerinit, Cuvicr a
Valencit^nneH, by llil;;endorl and Dtidcrli'in.

Hebaiitfi joyneti, (JOntmek, Ann. and Maj;. Nat. Hist., i, 1878, 4H5, Niphon; Clialleii;;(.|

Report, Sliore Kishes, 04, pi. 20, 11):. A, 1880.
Sebaitteii Uwrmin, IIu.uKNDonF, S, IJ, (Jesell. natiirf. Freuude, llerlin, 172, with plate, 18KU;

8TEiMJACiiNii:u & DUUKKLEIN, DeiikHvli. Aknd. WIhb. Wion, 200. 1884.

rf. SEBASTODKS KLEWAXS (Stcindacbnor & Diidorlein).

Head and deptb 23. I). XIII, 12; A. Ill, 0; scales liS (pons). Nasal, postoenlar, tym
]>anic, and oc(;ipital spines present, but little developed. Urbit 3} in bend, and attain-. ;
ot snout, iJ of interorbital space. Maxillary rcacliin;; posterior rim of orbit. Teotli in
rather narrow bands. Inferior border of preorbital slightly sinuate. Maxillary, nmn-
dible, and preorbital naked. Pores on lower Jaw plain. Fourth to seventh dorsal spinrs
longest; second anal spine a little stronger and lower than third; all the pectoral mvs
are simple (said by Steindachnt'i to bo only a i)eeuliarity of young individuals) ; ciuulal
truncate. The following measurements are tiiken with the head as standard: Widllmi'
head 2J; fourth dorsal spine 4J, penultimate 4,\, the last 3J; donsal rays 2J; pectoral ll :
venlrals V{ ; base of pectoral Itj!; ventrals reaching to veiit, the pectorals beyond. Cdldv
light; body with 5 dark brown, more or less interrupted cross bands; similar spots cnv-
ering tins and nnder side of licad and body; heml dark above and with several diirK-
brown baiuls radiating from eye. A single individual. Tagawa. Length 2J inches.
(Steindachner iV Dilderlein.)

Sebanten ekijang, STiiiNUACiiN'K &. D<ideulein, Deukschr. Akad. AViss. Wiou, 205, 1S8I,
Tagawa.

e. SKBASTODES STEINDA(il>EUI (Hilgcndorf).

(AKA SOI; YANAOI no MAI.)

Iload^i. D.XTII,15; A. 111,7; P.18(!;); lateralline 30 (pores). Spines not prominent.
Xasal<iuite strong; preoeular, supraocular, and tympanic rudimentary. I'reorbital wiili'j
blunt spines or lobes. Scales moderate; mandible and preorbital naked; pectoral sculv,
rough. Orbit (longitudinal diameter) ;ij in head (J in snout). Interorbital spacie I ; in
orbit (vertical dianu^ter), 4 in head (ju-obably convex). Maxillary reaching beyond niiddU*
of eyo. First dorsal spine 2J, penultimate 2f, to 3J, last 2J to 3 in head. Second anal spino
longest, 2J in head ; third 2| to 2] in head. Red; adark spot on ui)i)er partof opcrcle. l)is.
tinguislied by the long i)enultimate dorsal spine. Length 11 inches. Yezo. (Hilgeudorl'.
De8crii)tion from dry si)ecimens.)

Sehastes gteindachncri,'R.\hQV.T^iioVLV,ii. B. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 172, with pl.uc,
1880, Yezo.

/. SEBASTODES OBLO\«US (Giinther).

Head 3g; depth 3J. D. XIII, 12; A. Ill, 5; lateral lino about 05. Scales rather irrp;,'n
lar, much snuiller above than below lateral lino. Heart scaly above as '''ir forward as nos-
trils; very minute scales on preorbital. Snout pointed, longer than uj'C. Interorl)ii;il
space Hat, er|ual to eye, 0 in head. Kone of spines on upper side of head projecting, those
on preoiiercle obtu.se. Teeth in broad l.auds on Jaws, vomer, antl palatines. Maxilhirv
reaching |(osterior margin of eye. Dorsal s]>ines strong, fourth t" seventh longest, 2! in
head; anal spines stronger, much shorter than longest dorsal. Brownish, marbh'd with
darker; lower parts and all tins with brown spots; an obli()ue brown streak from prenr-
bital toward angle of preoporcle. Inland sea, Japan ; market of Yokohama. (Giintliei-. )
Si'ba-stes ohlongna, GOnther, Challenger Report Shore Fishes, 04, pi. 28, 1J80, Inland sea,
Japan, Yokohama; Hiloenuguf, S. B. Gcsell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 171, with plate,
1880.

m

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America 1831

ij. SKItASTOI»KS NITZCKritll, Crimicr iitw Hpoclcx.

Ilonrl 1\\ (Ipptli :ii. 1). XIII, 1i!; A. Ill, 7; liitonil lino VI (|.(in>M). Nimnl, imntoniliir,
lyiiipiitilc, anil |iiii-ii-tiil H|iin<- pri'HiMit, all niiliiiu-iitiir.v. Oi'liil <'i|iiiiliii); inltTorbital h|iiii'(>,
V. ill lit'ad, 1|^ ill HiKiiit. Maxillary rvachiii;; liryoiiil iMmtcriorriiiKil'tirlill. Tci'tliiiii jawH
HI liriiail ImiulM. Inferior bonier of prt'drliiial vrrv Hli;;litly lolx'd. Lower iin'oiicrciilar
s|>lii('H lu-arly olisolctr. lluail Hcaly, maxillary ami iiiaiidiblv iiakcil. I'ort'soii lowi-r jaw
liiit liltlu (lt)Vt>lo|i('d. Fourth to Ncvcntli dorsal H|iliieM loii);est; Hccond anal H|iiiii' longer
iiiid HtniiiKi'i' than third- |ioi'loral roiiiidi'd; caudal Hli^htly concavo. Tlin following
iiicaHurciiu'iitH are taken with the head aH Htaiidard. Width of head 2^ ; fourth dorsal
s|iliie2|: peniilliniato 5; last dorsal H|iino -il ; second anal H|)ine 11, third 3] : dorHal rays 'JJ :
|M'c'toral 1^ i ventrals \l\ hasuof pei^toral 4^ ; vent ra Is reaeliini; lo vout, pectorals hoyond.
I'xiily dark lirowii; r> dark hniids radiating; liackward from uyo; lower part of head
|i;ile with brown Hpots. Single individual. Tokio LeiiKth 1'.'^ iiieheH. (Sleindachner &,
Diiderlein.) Stcindachiier has called this a doubtful variety of ,S' o^iojij/K/i, (liinther; but
II HceiiiH to be diHtinct The dilliciilty of coniparison is increased by diacropaucieH
Iji'twucn (iiinther'H deHcription and tlgiiie.

SAxtilfii oblouiiua (Viirf), Steinuach.nku \ 1)<")Di;hi,ein, Deukschr. Akad.AViss. Wion, 204,
1884, Tokio.

;i. KEUASTODKS TACZAXMVSKII (Stelndnchner).

on, 205, 1S8I,

Head 3; depth fi little morP than :(. D. XIII or XIV,13orl4; A.III,7; IMO, latornllin-
l(i i](ores). llend as in.V ineniiis, Cuvier \- Valenciennes. Su]iraocuhir rejiion and occiput
without externally visilile spines or ridgcis. Nasal and i>reocular H]iiiie8 present, weak.
SpiiioiiH dorsal low, with evenly (curved iiiarKin ; sixth dorsal spine bifjhest, equal todis-
tiiiic(< from posterior niar;,'iii of orbit to tiji of iijiper opercular sjiine. Masai third of
s|iiiiouH dorsal and more than basal half of soft dorsal and anal scaled. Pectoral 3ij in
liody. Orbit 3J; interorbital space 5; snout (to tip of sliglitly projecting <'liin) 3J; ^rfi't-
est width of head 2^ in head. Tcetli on Jaws, vomer, and palatines, small, shar)). Triiii-
lute end of maxillary reaching nearly to ])osterior rim of orbit, rrooperclo wit!i r> si)ines,
sicoiid and third longc'st, nearly ennal the )ioints directed upward and backward, the
lowest very short ; an;ile of preopercle rounded; ojiercle with 2 sharp sjiines, the iijiiht
l(pii;;er. Anterior dorsal rays highest, little longer than longest spine; caudal nearly
tiiiiicate, almost entirely scaled, second anal siiine longer and stronger than third,
sli^ilitly curved, a little shorter than caudal; first ventral ray longest, J of bead, the
•spine as long as highest dorsal siiine. Mrownish violet, grailiially ]ialer toward belly;
wiihoiit or ■with indistinct i)atches of darker shades on body and longitudinal bands
bcliiiid ej'O; tins blackish; caudal -white edged. Length C inches. Northern Japan.
(Steindachnor.)

Dr. Jordan and iJr.Gillicrt have the following notes on a specimen 10 cm. long, from
Sliiina Bay, Itiiriip Island (one of the Kiirlls). The specimen agrees well with .Stein-
dachiK-.--' description of the types, which came from northern Ja]mii:

nil • tvarni brown above and on sides, paler brown below; (d)8cure shadings of darker
iirown on upper ])art of sides; many scales with basal or central area darker; opercles
Willi a dusky sliaile; no dark streaks on head; tins brown, all except the ])eetorals and
ciiulal becoming distinctly black on distal ]iortion; lining of buccal and gill cavities
wliite, but with a narrow dark streak along each side of tloor of mouth anteriorly ; peri-
loiieiiin brownisli black, uniformly and densely lugmented. (Jrown an'1 occiput evenly
ciiincx, without sjiines or ridges. Nasal spines low and strong. A rather wide, low pro-
IK iilar ridge, ending in a strong depressed spine ; su[iraociilar ridge nearly obsolete,
without sjiine, its posterior portion evenlv scaled over. Preorbital sinuate anteriorly,
without spines; preopercular spines short and strong flattened, the second and third
llu^ largest, directed backward, the fifth reiircsented by a sliglitly ])roJecting lobe; oper-
cular spines similar to tliose on preopercle, the lower the largest. Gill rakers long and
slender, 10-f27, the longest half the orbital diameter. Head 3} in length; de]>th 2,'';,.
I.iiist dejith caudal jieduncle 3i in lii.'ad. Kye llj in head; interorbital space 4i; snout 4;
iiiiixillary 2. U. XII, 1, 14; A, III, 7. Pectorals with 16 ray, of which the lower 7 are

' .'■ -kV

I'

i i ''

Mil

•

l!

m

I

18;J2 DHlletin 4J, United Stales National Museum.

Hiniplu. Fnrlydve pnreH in tlio liitonil lino. S|)inouH iloi-Hnl luw, with evenly roinxli d
vontuiir, till' toiirtli, lll'lli, nnil Hixtli H|iinttH i'<|nnl, twico tin* t WL'll'tli, 2^ in IioimI Longest
Hot't riiy uf tloiHul 2] in IicikI. Sticonil iinal H|iinu l<>n^'t>r uiul much NtronKor than tlitnl, j
in huml. CiiikIuI Hli)(hlly (tniarginiitit. I'ci^lornU rcncliinK lit-yond vuut, 3J in lutif;ili.
VentriiU HllKhlly uvttrliipping tlio vont, e<|niklinK diHtuuro from tip ct' Huuiit to upper end
of preiipercle. 8<'alu8 atrougly ctonohl, i)xc«|it on t-heukH, broiiat, iinil tina. Topof lirad
Mculi'il forward toiwiHal apinitH. Chveka, oporclcH, and iiroorbititla wholly inveatod, exciiii
the anterior extremity of the latter. MnxiUary and mandible with |iurtiully onibediit d
cycloid acahm. IhauchiuHlegal raya naked, or partially inveated. Kculua on bruaHt and
prepectoral area ex(U^HMively amall Many HUiall aixeaaory acalea on hack uud aidi s.
Baaal ^ to J of vertical linH denaoly acalud iSeriua uf flue aculua follow pectoral and ven-
tral raya nearly to their tipa.

ScbasteM taezanoirtkii, Stkindachneu, Sitzlt. Akad. Wina. Wien, 280, pi. 2, ilg. 1 (dorsal
XIV, 13), 1880, Baya of the Gulf of Stuietok, Sea of Japan

II. Si'KClEH ALLIED TO SKnASTODEH H08ACKIW, FBOM SOOTU AMERICA AND THE CAI'E SKAH.

i. 8EBAKT0DES OCVLATUS (Cuvior &. ValuncienuoB).
(Oaurilla.)

Uodythiclcftet, Ita depth .Hn total length. D.XIII, 14; A. 111,8; IM8. Nasal, preociil.n,
aupraocular, pontw—Ui, (.^nipanic anil parietal Hpines preaent, (julte atrong. Openie,
supruauapularbnd ac.^'pula with Hmaller Hpinea. Nutehinga of the preoporcle distinct ami
us atrong aa the apinea. Doraal apiuea xlender, anal apinoa longer and atrongt^r. Caudal
truncate. Color (m., (iray's lignre', reddish brown on back, ailvery rose below; 4 brilliant
roayapotaonthebrownof backat oaaeof dorsal, thotlrat under foiirtli spine, aocond undir
ninth apino, the third under origin, and the fiiurth under end of soft dorsal; there I.h a
tifth spot on the aide at the height of the Hhouldur and between the tlrst 2 spots; tins
brown (more or less deep) and bordered with bright rose. Description baaed ou an indi
vidual 4i inches, the ilguroon one 8 inches long. On rocky bottoms in deep water, \ al
paraiso, Coaat of Chile. (Cuvier ifc Valenciennea.)

Sebantcs ocvlata, Cdvier &. Valenciennes, Uist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 400, 1833, Valparaiso;
GUmthbb, Cat. fishc , 105, 1800 (in part).

j. SKBASTODKS UABWIM (Cramer).

Closely a.'f i<>d to Sehastodes rosaceim. Spines similar in number and position, but a trilli<
higher; up'>er spines un preoperde longest. Gill rakera slender, x + 18, nearly as long an
pupil. itwa aube(|ual. Pectoral short IJ in hi^ad, the lower rays tliickeued Second
analjpi.io long, curved. Anal III, 0. Compared with a specimen of S. rosaeeus ot tln'
aame size, the snout is blunter in >S'. darwiin, the cranial ridges are a shade higher; tiir
pectoral is ahorter, reaching only to vent, wliile iu S. rosaceu/iit reaches to second anal
apine; the aeuond anal spine is much longer than third (subequal iu H. rosace u n) -, the
dorsal spines are lower, 3 in head (2^ in S. rosaccitu). Scales similar. Mexillones, Pern
Here described from the MS. notes of Dr. Jordan ou the typo in Mus. of Coiiip. Zool ,
Cambridge, Alaaa.

Jenyua described a specimen from Valparaiso as S.oculattiti of Cuvier & Valencieiiinh,
but pointed out distinctions between the two, whi<'li with later knowledge of related
8pcc'':<i, prove beyond a doubt that it is distinct ; it is probably identical witli S. danrini
from Peru. He also mentioned the ligure of another species from Valparaiao, very (lis
tinct from the others in having the apines of the head less developed. About 50 Hpeei<s
of the genua have been described from the north temperate waters of the Pacific coast dl'
America, and it is not improbable that the species of this geuiis will be found numcruu.s
in the temperate waters of the South American coast.

f Sebastea oculata, Jenyns, Voyage H. M. S. Beagle, Zool., Fish., No. ii, part 4, 37, 1840,

Valparaiso. (Coll. Darwin.)
Sebatte. darwini, Cbameb, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, Mexillones, Peru.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America, 1833

CAI'B SEAH.

k. SFItASTOHKM ('AI>K.\SIS (Oinnllii).

lloiiil3; iloplh 34 111 tofnl lon«tli. I). XIII, i;i; A. Ill.fl: Internl lino 70; pyloric rn'cii
1 1. r|>|M'r (turl'iii'ii of lit'iul rather Hat, wit It low rid^TN ami hoiiic dcpri'SMi'tl H|iiii<>N lii'liiiiil
nrliit. Iiitcrurbltnl wUlMi 6 in liitnil. Maxillary rvachiiiK Itoyimil iiiiilillt' of I'yu. Third
to Hi'venth dorniil Hpini's in-iirly n|ual, H in lioad; Hccond anal 8)>in(' lonKUHt. ICoddiMli.
CaiirSonH. ((iiinthor.)

Stclndaclincr haw coriipartMl .v. oruXatHt, T'livior \- VnlcnrionncH, with nj)crinii'ns of S.
(,i\ien»\x Ivrnw tlio Cn))o nl' (inod Ilupn, and I'liund no ditrcrcnci' wliuti'vor liotw(>on tlioni,
ami conHiilerit tlu>ni idrntiral. 'I'ho oarly liiHtury of thf i;roii|i 1h full of idontillcations of
iljilrront HpiM'iuH whoHo diHtinctnoMH in now oHtiililislu'd hcyond ii duiilit, nnd it Ih drairahlu
tliiit oxt«'n8lvo t'oinparUonM he niad(> between lliese twos|iecie.t before they are merged.
Tliire are «oine striking di.sere))ancie;i in tlie rarioiia descriptions and ll^uros of .S'. ca/'cn-
AiV, and it wonld not be Mnr]>rlHinK if a eloge Htudy Hhoiild re\'eal scvorul wolliuarked
H|i( rie« at the (;npe itHelf.

/'• ica dofUtt monnptcri/gio, iinnsow, Zoopliylnr.fMim, No. 20;t, 83, 1763.
Siiiiiiiina enpfimis, G.mki.iv, SyHt. Nat., in, iui'.i, i7H8, Oapo of Good Hope.
Si-«ri>ifna (ifricniin, L.xcki'I.dk, Mist. Xiit. I'oiss., iii,2ti«. IHO'j, Cape of Good Hope.
li,oaslcKcniifii.ii». CrviKii \'. Vai.knciennks, IliHt. Nat. I'oisH., iv, 341, 182!>; (Ktoy \- (!ai-

MAiiit, Astrol., Vol. Ill, I'oiHs., 01)0, pi. 11. (!«. 3, 1831; S.tUTll, lllustr. S. Air. I'istea, j)!.

'."-MlK-l. 18-l-'>: <iUNTIIKH. (;at., J''inli.,ll,0((, IHIiO.
I'ma a/ra, Uuonuw, Cut. Fish., KU. Gruy, 113, 1854, Cape of Good Hope.

III. ALUKI) to SKKASTODErt ALEl'TIANUH, IS THK JAPANESE Si'KriKS.

I. SKB.ISTOHKS MATSritAlt.K (llilfiendorf).

(AKA TWO.)

Ile.id 2h D. XIII, 12; A. Ill, 0; r.20 (',!;); lateral line nbont 30. Trcocnlnr, snpra-
iii'iilar, postocnl.ir, tynipnnie, coroual, ]iarietal, and iiuc.lial spines {iresent ; preocnlarH
lai'Ki^, the parietal and nuehal H]>inus close to;;otlier at the end of a Bhnrp-edf;ed jiarietal
ri(l;:o. A i)air of wtMik ridjjes on iiiterorbital space, between them a median ;;roovo. Pre-
i)rl)iial witli 3 spines, the tirst blunt, rounded, the seeond and third siieceasivoly more
pciiiilod, tho last directed nearly downwaid. Scales moderate; head nearly completely
scaled; pectoral tin scaly. Horizontal diameter of eyo 2| in head, J iu length of snout.
Iiihnirbital space 1 J in vertical diameter of eye, 4 in head. Maxillary reaching beyond
iiiiildle of eye. Lon^t'st spine of tirst dorsal 2J in head, the last but one, 4, and the last
spine, :!.l in the head; second and third anal spines equal in length, 2J in head. Eye
larue. Coh>r red. (Ililgcndorf.) The tyi)e on which this description is based came from
llm Island of Honto. Another larger specimen from farther south (Yezo) difl'ered from
till' above in the following cliaracters: Anterior spine of the preorbital not developed,
and the third spine double. :). XIII, 14; A. Ill, 8; 1M8 (V). Lateral line 32 to 30.
SihUs larger, those on ])ectoral tins prickly. Head 3; hori/.ontal iliameter of eyo 3J iu
head, I iu length of snout. Interorbital space IJ in vertical diameter of eye. ^Maxillary
rai hing middle of eyo. Last dorsal spine but one. .'ij, and the last one, 3§ in head; sccondr
anil third anal spines 3 in head. Tho local uamo of this form is aka nwo. Ilonto, Vezo,
ilapau. Thespocimens from tho Aleutian Islands, in Pallas'a collection (No. 8145, Mus.
IScilin) referred by Dr. Uilgendorl to .V. iiiattubam: is our Sebantodvs aleutiaiius, an allied
itlHiies with smaller scales and lower spines. (Named for Matsubara, a Japanese uat-
lira list.)

Siljaiten matmhara, IIiloendorf, Sitzb. Gesell. naturf. Frouude 1880, 170, Honto, No.
U280, Mus. Ber. ; Yezo, No. 11279, Mus. Ber.

' IV. SPECIBS allied to SEnASTODES NEnULOSCB, FROM JAPAN,

m. SKBASTODKS NIVOSUS (Ililgondorf).

(KOOUMESO OH KESHIMUYO; GOJIA SOI.)

Head and depth 2J (about 3i in total length). D. XIII, 12; A. Ill, 6; P./r; latorallino
70, pores 36 to 39. Nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal apiucs present.
3030 38

:1'

'^tkA., ill

18.'U PnlliliH /7, UniU'd States National .'\fiiscum.

■', -1

\<

ft-

Vpjinr prntlle iilli{lill3' ooiivkx to lMt((iiiiiint; of ilnrniil, nllKlitly tloprnintMl Im-IiIihI oyr
Kyx mill Miioiit 4], liiti'i'orbltiil M|)af(t TiJ In lifliid. Miixllliiry riMiching to poittorlor rim c:
orbit, in oldi'i' iiiiiix idiiulHMiiiiit'Wliiit furliu'r. Iiil'xrior lionlfr of priMirltltui witli M iimru >>i
lcHHroiiiiiii«t lolicM, tlit< liiNl wllii u mIioi'I Itiiiiil. Hpliio. Iiitororbitul Npiirit Ix-twmm llioi'l'
viiIimI Hiipriioruliir rlilK<^i« wimltly coin ox. licaii t'litiriily sriilrd, i<xi'fpt jiiwm, hiioiU lin
front of iioMlriiM), prcorliitiil, ami iicariy llin wlioln of iiit('rop)'rol(>i mcaIch of In-ail mimll
llrni. i'oiikIi, willi itcoeHHory m(ni1<!ii liU« IIiohk on lioily. I'rfopflroiilnrHpinrH r>, hIioiI, bnnnl.
I)liiiit. SpliioiiN itorHal iinH'orMily roiiu<li<<l ; lll'tli ami hIxIIi Hplnt't lonKOHt, in yoiiiiK, 1', m
ailiiilH iiKitrly, 'i\ in licail. Srt'onti anal Hpiiio iniiili Hti'oii){i'i', but lltllr loii){i'r tliiiii lliinl
L'^toJijiii licail. INn'toraialioiit ", 111 Ik-iuIi voiitrai iiioro llinii Ij) in licaii ; i-amlal i'<|ualliii .
vi>nlral, Hliglitly convex; HO to 30 ponm on lioily, '1 to :) on Iimho of tali. lilacklHii brown,
Willi liiniiiiitM'al)lo Hiiuiil wlilto dotH on body hikI Hum. In hoiiio iiidividiialfi tlio iiiiil'tiiiu
darii brown of body \n IntiTriiptt'd by llfjIitiT hIiikIum. (Stoindacliuur kV. DodiTlclji.i
IiOMKlii lO.Ji liicliuH. Not rare ut Tokio; 1 HpiM'liiii'ii at IIiikiMluto.

Hvbanlfii iiirotim, Steinhaciinkk .t DiiUKKl.iiiN, DonkMchr. Akad. WIhh. Wb'U, ao'J, jil. V,
1884, Tokio; Hakodate.

n, SKBASTOUKSSnil.KIJEI.II (lIili;uiidorf;.
(Kt'iio n(ii.)

Ilond 2^1 to 23 ! drptb Iimh Ib.inlM^'i in ("tal iruKtli). i). XIII, IL'; A. Ill, 7 or K: l.ii
oral lino aliout nO lo 70, NnHal, iircociilnr, potitociilar, tyinpanic, and jiarii'tal H|iiiii i
|>iVMOiili liif»Torl)ltal npaco iirobably concavo, with iiitt-rorbital rldBi^H. Orbit 4^; hhi'iiI
(to ti]> of HiiKlitly ]inijrctiiig cliin) n liltio b^sn tliuii 4; iiitflrorbltal Hjiai'o 4.. 06 in hiiul.
Maxillary reaching; jiOHtorior inarKiii of orbit. Proorbital wilb 2 tolluiiarp Bpinnii diri-ctiil
downward and bark ward. Preopcrcb^ with 5 Hat HpinrH, tlio Ht^i^ond from ubovo iiiii<;i xi,
bori/oiital, tlu- iiltli (in adiiltH) often blunt and liruad. Intcropercio witli a W(>ak. nliaip
H]duo, buHido it HonietiiiieH another on lower end of subopert'lu. Head Hcalod ; jawH. hikimi,
and anterior part of preorbital seaieles.s. S<'al«M on interoporc^leextrtMiiely small. .St!vii;il
larjio jioreM on iindor Hide of lowi-r Jaw. Sixth and Bovonth dorHal Hpiue.s loiigeiit, a iitliii
more than '_' in iiead. .Second anal HtroiiKor, HonintlnieH a littlo shorter, HOinotimnH a liiilc
loii;;er tlian third, 2j{ to ;t in head. l>e<^toral a littlo lon};cr tliaii vuntraU, about 1^ in hcud.
('aiidal nearly truncate. Tip of VBiitralH reachin;;, peetoralM not quito reaching vent.
lirowiiiHli ti^ay (in alcul j1), with li^^hter and darkor shadoH; a dark Htripo on niaxilliirv
and 2 or 3 on clioek; opercle above and below with washed out sjiot. (Steindaeliner .v
Diidorlcin. ) Leiifjth 12 to 15 iixdieH. (juitu <^onimoii at Tokio; Gulf of Strletok, Sea of
Japan; Ye/.o, V(mI(», anil IlakodRtc.

l>!ebaKlr/i nt'ldnieUi, IIii.uKNDoKF, S. I!. Gesell. natiirf. Kreunde, 1H80, 171, with plato, Japan;
iSTKKNDAra.NiSB & DouKKLEiN, Donksclir. Akad. Wiss, Wicu, 1884,202.

o. NKIIASTOUKS TKIVITT.VTI S (llilfrendorl) .

(Sni.MA HOI.)

Head 2;! to 3. 1). XIII, 13; A. 111,0; pectoral 18 (0 or 10 lower rays simple); lateral
line 30 (tubes). Oanial spines prominent; nasal, preocniar, postocular, tyinpanic, ;iiiil
parietals prcHoiit. Interorbitiil Hpace 1 to IJ in vertical diameter of orbit, 4j to 0 in lieml,
concave, with a pair of intororbital ridges at the sides of a median groove, rroorliiiiil
without proniinnnt spines, with 2 blunt or rounded lobos. Scales median; niaxilliuv,
mandible, preorbital, and J of iuteroperde naked. Pectoral tin scaly, tlie scales roinili.
Gill rakers long. Orbit 3| in head, niaxillarj' reaching middle of e.ye. First dorsal H|iini>
1 J! to 2^ in head, penultimate 4 to 4J, last 3}. Second anal spine longest, 2^ to 2J in In ail :
third 24 to 3 in head. Caudal slightly convex. Light brown ; 3 dark longitudinal baini.s.
(Hilgendorf.) Length 23 inches. Yezo.

Sthattex ^-ti'i'^o^jf*, IIiLOE.NDOBF, S. B. Gosell. naturf. Freundo, Berlin, 171, with plato, 17J,
1880, Yezo, Japan.

Jordan ami EvcKmatni. — Fishes of North .Inuriai. 1H.T»

I'lilml I'Vi
>rli)r rim iii
li :i iiiortt '>t
Hin lint I' I'

I, Hllllllt I ir

lii>a<l Niiiiili

llorl,1)l'ii;i.l

,'ouiiK, 'J, Ml
tliiill tliiiil
lli'(|IIHlllii

;|nIi brow n,
,lu( lllliriinn

Diidrrli'lii.i
n, 20*2, ).l. V.

, 7 or 8; lilt
•Irtnl Hpliiri
Dlt4l! Htliiill

o I> in hi'iiil.
llie» (liicrtrd
»OVt< lllIiyrHl,

wciik, rtliiiip

,illW(», 8111)111,

inM. St^viiiil
igeHt, II littlit
tiiiinH II Hull'
it 1^ in liiMil.
lulling vent.

limxilliirv
intliiclinci' .\

tok, Sen of

plate, Japan;

uple) ; lattMiil
•nipanic, iiiiil
to S in head,
I'reorliilal
I; niiixilliirv,
jcaluB rouL'li.
, dorsal «iiiiii'
to2J in luiiil;
idiual baiiiU.

ith plato, 17J,

p. NKHASTOItKM VI'I,I*KH (Si< UkIiiiIiikm- it l)<i<li-rluin).

Ilciiil 'J^lo'.'i; depth an toll. I). \in.i:i; A.III )i; I'.;;: Iiitornl lino <ll (T.> to:m pori'x.)
VaNUl, priMK'iiliir, poHlornliir, tviiiiuinlc, and inirii'tiil HpliuM iiri'Ncnt, i|iiili' mIi'iiuKi i>,v« I
III \\, Mnoiit (to ti|i of RviiiplivHritl knoll nl' Iowit jiiw ) I !■> t|, intiTiirliital h|iii('u 5|| to 'o In
lii'iid. Maxilliki'N rrarliiiiu poNlrrior Miiirt{in <it' orMl ; Ionmt Jaw |iriiji'rtin|{, with Hyiii-
|i|i,VHi>al knob, I.owit liordcr of lirimd prioi liiial with 11 liliinl IoIk'm; pii'oiicn'lo w Ith 'i
tliliii'H, tlid °J lowrr liroad, liliinl, thu :i iipiirr inoio Hlrndrr, Hhiirp, tho 2 opviriilar
-|ihii'Miilroiiuly dlviM'^iiiK: iippor end of inti-i'o|ii-irh', it»pi'riall.\ in ohirr IndividniiU, with
i\ Mplni'; Iowit I'hd of Niihoprnlr with II wt'akitr npiiin wliirli NoiiD'tinii'H divi)li>M into
H' vrnil. Snniit, aiiti-riiH' purl of pri-orliital mid lowi-r jaw MralrliMH: a low vi'iy Niiiall
.Hiah'M on iiiaxillary iMdiiiid and iindrr pnwiiliital; rcHt of ln'iid tlilrkly nivi'ird willi
niii){h Mcnli'H. (Sovorai porrH on rai'li itido iindrr Ionmt Jaw. Inti'roriiilal Hpait' ni'iirl.v Mat,
\\lih v(>ry wtiak intoroihitnl ridKi'H. (iill ritkiTM lonu <tnd Hh'ndi'r. lipiirr piotllc riMi'R
iiiiiilfrati'ly, Hlit.'htly ciirvrd at tlio Niiniit. I''itlh or Hixth and Hcvonth dorsal H|iiiit<H
loiiiirnt -to2\ in Iliad. Si'innd aiiiil Hpiiii' Hliini^it'i'. Imt NotiiitiiiirH a liltli' Hhnrli'r than
tliird, 24 In lirail in Hinall iiidlvidiiiilM, iiriirly .1 in liu'urr onis. I'oi'lonil I'ljiialH liitiid
willioiii Hnoiit, I'l'iicliint; vi'nt in udiiltM. iilittlr luiyond in yoiinm voiiind \\ to I [ In hiad;
r.iiiihil i'i|ualinf; vrntrulH, xli^litly convox. Srali'H inodrratoly liir(!r. with homik a<'rt<)tHory
.siah'H Itody, ilorHiil, aniil, and niiidal iImh iiiinuli'd ri'ddlMli lirown and wliitiMli; pec-
tMial and vtinlral Kriiyi.sli; upper liiilf of hrad ii'ildish Imnvn, nIitwii with small dark,
lii'iiwii spots wliii'h postirioily aliiiiisl iiiiitr in wavy stripis, or inarkcd tikubody: lowrr
.siili' of lioail and liody wliiiish yellow. Not laif in llsli inaikctt) of Tokio. \'cry rloHr to
s.nflili'geUi. Ilil^^i'iiilorf, Imt easily ilistingiiiHlicd by tbeulmvucoof 8|>iuo on Int'rriur bordvr
III |iri-oi'liitiil. (Sti'indarhuer &, Diiiiirli'lii.)

,S( ^(/*^■.? niljirs, Stejm^aui.nkii »v DiiDi.iu.KiN, Dinksrhr. Akad. Wiascnm h.Wiun, 2n;), pi, 2,
1884, Tokio.

691. SEBASTOPSIS, Cill.

S.hn.itopsi.1, (iiix, rriic. .\c. Nat. Sri. I'liilu. 18(i-j, 27h (imhtliiit).

This gnnus tlillers fiom SrhiHtoden in the ahsonco of pnliitino tootli. I).
Xlll, !• or 10; A. Ill, 5. No deriiiiil lliij)8; cliecks iiiiil opncleH scaly; i»to-
mliitiil with olittiHO s]tiiieM or none. The kiutwii siiecics are all of very
siiimU HJze and lue often preserved in Chinese iusccit boxes. (*'(7*</n/(«;
oiJ'ii, appearuuce.)

'2'2'M. SKIIASTOI'SIS XYRIS, Jordan A (lilbirt.

Iloiid 2,\; depth '.iL 1). XIII, 10; A. Ill, 5; scales iX; ninxillary 1> in
hr.id; eye 3^ ; pectoral ahoiit 1; longest tlorsal spinel';'!; second anal
Hpiiie Ijf; ventr&I 1A; middle caudal ray alioiit 2 in head. ISody nioder-
atfly clonjjate; head rather sharp; Jaws equal; intcrorldtalspace concave;
top of head scaly and without occipital depression; usual spines sharp,
with 11 llcshy llap nearly as lonj; as pui)il; spines altove eye each with a
Niniilar lleshy llap; preorldtal, siipraorliital, jtostorliital, and tympanic
Kpiiics present, each sharp ami liif-h; occipital and nuch.il spines also well
(lt;velopo«l; ii .small trmpoial spiu*-; ii small spiiir iiiuh-r the eye on the
sharp stay; a spine at end of stay in front of the perpendicular spines;
till! last with .1 sniall spine at its liase; 2 sharp spines Itelow opercular
>liine. Cheeks and operdes covered with ctenoid and iinhricated scales
without Haps; body scales ctenoid and closely imluicated, without Haps.
• ■ill rakers very short and slender. Mreast covered with imhricated
cycloid scales. Viliform teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines.

^. :

™

X

n

if

|l

1830 llullitin 77, United States A'at/oua/ flfuseum.

Doi'Niil tliin aixl iiuHlerutoly <lm«ply nntclwil ; ciiikIiiI roitii<l<>(l; third iiiial
H|iitic ^rnit<>r tliiiii HtM'ontl; ptM toral witli iip|i«<r iiiyH lirini<'h«Hl; lower or
Niiiiplo luyM tliickriHxl iind tlifl upp<!r of tliciii ImiKoi' tlinii any of tlir
ImiiiicIkmI rayH. Color liKht oliv<<, lrrflui>l<i>ly I'aniluii uiitl lilotclHMl witli
(lai'kur; IIiihIumI with cliurry rod ; Hiilioporrlo with lar^^o Idatk lilotch
Hoiiit'what o*'olliitt>d ; hoad Idotrliod with olivu aixl palor;.|nwH and tliro;ii
lai'K'ly orutif^o; dornai inotthMl witli Mood rod, ornii^o and whitish; pair
yollowiHh Itiir a<;roHH Hoft dorHal, th<<n a Idatkish Htroak; roBtof llnN whiii ,
tippod with Idiirk; cuiidul lurM;tdy liri^lit Ncaiiot, Mack toward tip; anal
laryt'ly H<'arl«t, mottlod with Idack; poctoral yollowiNh, liarrod with wliiic
and hlack, 1«>w«m' part (d' tin waHliud with Ht-arlot; vontral li^ht yollow,
with a low Mack spotH on posterior half, aud Hcarh-t NpotH on antoiioi
portion. Tho most th^finitu marks arc a dark liar IVoin HoTt dorHal to Inim
of anal, overywhuro waNliod with scarlet, and thu Idack spot on the siili
oporcle. I'acillc coast of Moxico and neij^hliorln); islandH; tho ori^inul
types from Cape San Lncas, a few other s)ie('iniens taken liy tho .llhiilronH
off Lower California, tho aliove notea on thu color Irom Npocinicns nil-
lectod hy Mr. Mc(Jre;;;or at Socorr«» Island, rospeotively 3i, 2^, and j
inchuH long. (iV/jor, razor, from the sharp spines.)

Sebantnpiiiii lyrit, .Toudan \ iili.riKiiT, I'loc. U. 8. Nat. Muh. 1882, 809, Cape San Lucas.
(Tyjiu, Hi). 3UU7U. Coll. Juliu Xuutu>t.)

lit'''

I:

692. HELICOLENUS, (Joodo Sl Keau.

llelicolcnui, Goodk & Hean, Oconnic Iclith.,248, 1890 {ilachilupUrus).

llody ohlonj?, somewhat eom])roHsod; hoad larjje, ctenoid flrales on its
tip, and on chocks and «>percIo8; several scries of spinous rid,<.fes on lioinl,
hnt no occipital pit; mouth lar^e, with hands of vllliforni teeth on jaw.s,
vomer, and palatines. Dorsal tin continuous, not deeply notched, with
10 stout spines and 10 to 12 rays; anal with H s|un(!s :nid 6 rays; ])e(;to-
rul broad, fan-8hai)ed, with rays arranged in 3 j^roups. the first of 2 sim-
ple rays, the second of S or 0 lirauched rays, the third of 8 simple riivs,
Bomotiincs prolon<;ed, with their tips tendril-like and free from mumhraiie
for h their lenj^th or less; soft dorsal with tips free from memhraiic;
Huhorhital keel smooth, or with a single anterior spine under eye; prt-
orbital with spines small and hidden hcnoath the skin. Vertebra- 10 -f-
14 = 24; no air bladder. Atlantic. Very close to 5forj)<rn«, dill'eriuK only
in the SchaalenAike cranium, the two genera i)robably coiiuected by iuter-
mediato Ibrnis. (>/A/«o5, strong; (b\ivif, elbow, arm.)

a. Genornl color bright roil. DACTYLorTEHUs, 21!:!t.

aa. Goucral color clear acarleti preoporcular spines raoro promincut, parallel.

MAuuBKKsiij, 22;jr>.

Il

ff

Jordixn and Licrmann, — fUhcs oj' North America, IHJJT

'.*'.*:il. IIKI.MOI.KMN I»A(TVI.0I'T»:KI'N (l)«lii Itiic'hi).'

(HKHUAN IMPKIIIAI.: h'AKKOAI.i (IAUIidN.NICRA ; H<'t>|(rANn>l Kl'NAI.; CUAIIIU.)

lliMKl \\\\ tlrptli L'li- ■>■ XII. 12; A. Ill, r>: liitonil lino \\\, ll<>«ly not
iiiiich ulnviitiMl, litr.lr rninproNHed, th« tiiil hIi'IkUm*. Iliud liir^:*), littlu roin-
pinNHiMl; clii'okH, opiTcloH, uiitl oroipital ■•■i^ion \v«^ll hciiUhI; ni» <l<>riiial
iliiliM aiiywln-ri'; Niilxirliitiil nfny Htniiij;. Mtmtli liitlu-r liirjj«\ \\\i\\ tooth
:iH iiHiiJil oiiJiiWH, voiiior, iiiid paliitiiioH; iowitrjiiw not proJortliiK; inaxil-
l;U'y (^xtenilin^ to Ix-yonil pnpil. Siilioibitul witli ii n.irrow ralH<Ml niiiooIIi
liiluo, wliicli cikIn in ii Hpin«< at the ItaHoot'tiin Htay; |iitM)i'liital narrow, ItH
I'll^o Nli;>litly Npinoim; Intororliilal Npacr nairow, witli '1 ))arall*tl raiHOil
ii(lU«'H and a <l<!op ^roovo. Cranial ridgtm Hiiort, Hlinrp, aboul aH in Sihtin-
iiidiH rtmt('(Hn; pntocnlar, Hnpi'»o< iilar, poHtoiiilur, tv ni])aiiii', occipital,
.ind nnulial KpinuH pruHont; HnpraHcapiilar NpiniH Hliarp; no osoroipitalH;
iiporciilar HpinvN niodcrato; pruupurcular upinttH Hliarp, tlir H(M;ond lonv;L'Nt.
i'.yo very iarK<', 'i in liuad. .lawH nal^ud. (iiii ral^orN ratiior ion^ and aloii-
(lor. I'cctoral very narrow, tlio rays not procurront lioiow nor thirlieniMl,
rcacliin^ anal; v«)ntralH Hniall, ri-achin^ paut vt<nt; anal Hniali and low, itn
Mooond Hpino a littli- Htontur but not lon^or than third; dorwal low, littlu
t^Miargiiiato, tlio NpinoH slender. Scales ctonoid, rojriilarly arranged; no
iiccosBory Hcaies. Color dtlicato scarlet red, the opcrcle and dorsal lin
soiMowhat mottled with browniHii. Deep water of tlio Atlantic; very
common in the Mediterranean; occasionally oil'onr coast, from Narrag.in-
sctt to Clu'sapeake bays. Here doscrii>od from a specimen taken off Chesa-
j)cako Hay; a buautii'ully cidored species. (Eu.) {6dHTv\u<>, linj^cr;
Ttrepdy, tin.)

Scoip<eua tlautiiloiitcia, De la UonrB, Ann. Man., xin, 1801), i»l. 22, flj;. 2, Ivicja, Barcelona ;

RiHsii, Iciitli.vol. iln Xl(i«, 180, 1810; <;i'NTUBii, Challtnisor Kcport, Vol. i, i»t. vi, (t, 1880;

JoiuiAN \ ('■luiRUT, SynopHlH, U70, lH8:i.
Svhasti'n impefiaUH, CrviEU »t V ai.e.vciknnes, IliHt. Nat. PolsB., iv, 336, 1820, Nice.
Sihtixtft ilactyloplfntii, OCntiiku, Cut., ni,09, 1800.

SihantoplKS daetijlopteru*. « Joodk & Hkan, lUiU. Mns. Coni]>. Zool., x. No. 5, 214, 1883.
Ilelicolmut dactijloi)tenis, (ioouB & Bean, Ucoauiu Ichtliyulogy, 240, pi. 08, Ug. 244, 1800.

2235. ilKLU'OLKM'S N.VDKUEXSIS, Uoodo &. Boan.

(Boca NEdUA; Pai ue CJato.)

Hoad 3; depth 3.V in total length. D. XII, 12; A. Ill, 5; T. 19; scales of
lateral lino 29 to 30. Eye 3 to 3A iu head, not projcctinj; a1)ovc prollle.
Iiitcrorbital space very deeply concave, stnnigly ribbed, scarcely k diameter
of eye. Snout scarcely c(|ual to eye. Suborbital staj' not very prominent,

Tlio following puintH arc taken from (coodc ifc Hcnn's (lescrlption of Ilelicolenvs dac-
tillnplcniH:

" Hack nrcnatc; hoad 2J; 28 to 30 tubes, abotit 50 scalos; dorsal lin ineorted al)ovo inner
ii|)p(>r angle of o|ior<'tilar lia]); lungtli of spinouH iiortion considurably less than bead;
lliii'd spino longest, tbciico ii gradual decrvaso tootovonth; boigbt of soft dorsal couMid-
t'lably more tbun liigbest spine, the rays projecting far boyoutl llic membrane; base of
pcc^toVal almost eciual to longest rays, which reach vent; first 2 rays simple, following
'• branclied, last 8 simiilc, slender, witli nearly § tlio length of the rays f rue from lUL-iu-
liranu; color of buck u.\tuudiug iu trauavcruc b'uuda upou aidea."

18.'J8 Buirctin ./.y, United States National Museum,

' 1

In '1

pi

•«»■'

scarcely at nil or very fecMy uiul iuconspicuously aculeate, with p'lioriilly
only 1 sli;rht ispiiio. Pri'orltital Hpiucs only sniall, olisoloto teeth on angles.
the anterior larger; Hpines of ]»rc<»porclc larjje, equidistant, nearly eqiml,
Ne(H)ntl slif^htly the larj^cst; paraliol, hori/outal, nearly 8traif>ht or slifiiitlv
curved upward; scapula and suiirascapula Huiall, no Innneral spine; UiiHal.
preocular, Hupraocnlar, postocular, tympanic, parietal, and nnchal spinch
present; spines of Iioad hcconiing more cdtsolete in rull-<rr<.wn individuals
liower Jaw witli syuiphyHcal knob. Dorsal (in (as seen in fifjure beji;iiis
slif^htiy beiiiud upper anterior angle of ojx'rele, and the roots ol' -rst ami
second sfiues seem clos^e together; third spine highest, the fol' g ones

slightly decreasing to the eleventli, last soft ray forked; eaudai tvuiitati':
second and third anal spines about equal, origin of lin under origin of soft
<lorsai; pectorals reaching beyond vent, rather abruptly truncate, fan
shaped, tiie liase about e«iual to orbit; first 2 rays simple, following i)
branched, only the tips free, the last S simple, exserted for \ their length.
Ventrals rcacliiug uearl;^ to anal, inner ray not attached to body by mem
brano. No laciuia' on either head or body, each spir.o of dorsal ti^iped with
a short filament. Scales ctenoid ; ch'^cks, opercles, maxilla, and breast
scaly; snout and lower Jaw naked; soft dorsal, anal, and pectoral scaly nt
base; lateral line nearly straight, 2!) to 30 scales, each with a little spine-
like i>oint directed toward the tail. I'ale flesh cohu, with 5 darker or
l)righter inegular broad scarlet bauds, often mottled or sulfused with
dusky, disappearing on middle of sides, the first and smallest under origin,
the fourth under end of dorsal fin, the last at base of caudal ; all fins scar-
let without spots or bars; spinous dorsal mottled, its spines and iilanuiuts
tipi)ed with white; soft dorsal, ventral, and anal edged with white; head
bright scarlet; operde clouded with a large suffused i>atch of leaden or
pale violet black; gill cavity deep mulberry black; back part of month
and tongue and gullet nujre or less deep load color, approaching black;
front of mouth ami touj^; ■ pale or whitish; iris golden or topaz, shaded
with brown, pupil violet or opalescent. (Live examples taken in Augu,sL
most brilliant scarlet imaginable, with the bands <leeper, but pure intense
scarlet; eye singularly beautiful; anal fin broadly edged in front with
white.) Peritoneum intense* shining inky or mulberry black. Five to 7
ca'ca. Vertebia' 10-|-15, rarely 11, including aurostyle. Length 15 incheu ;
probably breeding in summer. (Lowe.) Madeira Islands, rare (Lowe);
off eastern coast of United States, from New York to Cape llatteras and
outward, and oflf the coast of western Florida, in 70 to 373 fathoms. ((Joodo
A: Hean.) Vcrj' closely related to S. d<tctyloptcru8, with which it has been
confoundad. {madircnsis, from Madeira.)

Sebattes imperialis, Lowe, Fishes of Miuli.ir."., 171, pis. 24 and 25, fig. 3, 1843-18G0, Madeira ;

UOt of CUVinii it VALENCIKNtrHS.

llfUcolcnut maiUreimix, (ioouK A- Bean, Ocwinic; Tclitliyolofry, 250, 1890, Gulf Stream,
off Cape Cltarles, Virginia, at Fish Hawk Station 897, lat. 37° 25' N., long. 74° i8'
'W., in i.',7i fatlr^ms. (Type, No. 26723.)

tifbastea da<'l>/l<iptcruii, UOntueu, (Jat.,n, 99, l&CO; in part.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1839

693. SCORPiENA (ArttMli") Liuiiuoua.
(.ScourioN KisiiKs.)

Hcofitrnxa, AnTKDi, Gonora, 17, xx, 47, 17.18.

SroriKvna, Linn.kuh, Syst.Nat., Kil. x,2B0, n.lS {pornis).

XroKchaiitefi, (JuiCHEVOT, M6111. Sof. Sci. Nat. Cliorliourg, XIII, 8;i, 1868 (panda).

l'nra»corp(mia, Hi.ekkicu, Versl. Ak. AniHt (2), ix, pt. ;i, 290, l«7ti ipicta).

I'xeiKlnsrhastes, SAUVAriK, Noiiv. Arcli. Mus. (2), 1, I87H, 111 (howjaiuvilUi).

Seba»lapi»tc8 (Gii.i. M.S.) Stueets, Bull. U. S. Nut. Mu»., vii, 62, 1877 (ttronuia).

IJody oblong, Homewhiit compressed, ifead large, not niucli comprosHcd,
nuked iibovo, and nion- or le.ss nnovcn with spinous ridges, often witlnlcnual
11,11)8. Mouth largo, with bauds of villiforni teeth on jaws, vomer, and pal-
iilines. Scales ..lostjy cteiioi<l, of moderate size, often with skinny Haps.
Doisal fin with 12 stout spines; nnal withltspines, the second eoninionly the
longest; pectorals large, rounded, the base usually |)ro(Urrent; some or all
of the upper rays divided, the lower simple ; ventrals inserted behind peeto-
liils. No air bladder. Vertebra' lO + l-t^^^t. Species numerous in the
(ropieal seas; fishes of singiilar forms and bright colors; the variation in
H(;uanuition and armature very great, but, as in most sinular cases, it is
not easy to find definite characters for subdivision, {dnopitaivcx, i\n'
ancient name of Nco/7>«'H« scro/Vf, from (j;^op;r/o?, scorpion, in allusion to the
dorsal spines, which inflict a very i)ainful sting-like wound. The modern
(ireek name of SuopTtirira (Scorpwna avrofa). According to Apostolides,
d'tofjTtiog is now the common name ot' Srorpdna ponus. JSHop7rio^:^»vov-
pion. As name of a fish, Aristotle 1531«, 20, 508/^ 17, .">93« 7, 598« 11. It has
many pyloric appendages, breeds (spawns) twice a year, alternates iietween
the open sea and the shallow water along the shores; the dHofjir/de^, breed
ill the open sea (ro TteXayos). (Athen., vii, 115. Num.) "Red dxofj-
itioz" Ilicesius says: "Of i\w dHoijnioi one kind is pelagic, the other,
littoral ; the former is a fiery red, the latter blackish." Epicharmus calls
t lie dMopTTios 7roiHiA.oi;, variegated. It is solitary and cats seaweed. Aris-
totle mentions dnopTtioi and dhOfjTtidei; in diflfereut places. It is not clear
whether he means the sami^ lish by those names. That we have fr ([ucutly
eaten both dHopnawtx and dHopnloi aud that the llavors are difterent, n(»
one is ignorant, Archestratus, in his "Golden Words,'' says: 'nuythe
small dHopitioi;, but beware of a big one." (Athen., viii, 02.) The tawny,
pelagic dnopTtioi are more nutritious than the large ones of the shoal
water near shore.) (Horace A. Hoffman.)

* Tim following European siiooies of iScorpceiia has liecii attrilnitcd to (nir fauna, i>rol)-,
altly Wy orror:

Si'ori)(i'napori!Us,JASV.v.vs. (Pi;^-foot; Scorpi'-ne) : D.XIII.IO; A.III,r>: lateral lin(> 40.
I'ludy oblong, compressed; back soinowliat elevated, liigbcst at i»rigin of spinous dorsal;
siil)orl)ital stay close to eye, without any i)it between it and the eye; supraocular Hap
lu'oad, a little" lower thanoye; no Haps on posterior edge of preoperde, 4 on occi|)ital
ri';ri«>u, few along lateral lino; ])reocuiar, supriioeular, tympanic, occipit.al, exoccipital.
and nuchal spines preseut; a pit before occii)ital spines; opercular and preopercular Hjiines
sliort; maxillary reaching uosterior margin of orldt. Scales ])r ent ou postiXMilar region
iiiid upper part of ])re(>per(!ie ; scales on body somewhat regularly placied; breast naked.
Kins higli; pectorals much less procurrent at biise tliaii in .S'. jidnnicrt, reiichiisg beyond
tii)sof ventrals, whi(^h reach anal; spines slender, the second anal slender, little longer
th;in third. (Jill rakers short and tliii^k. lletldish brown, mud! motth'd above with
darker, and dotted with black ; luuub leas vuricguted tUau iu IS, plumieri; usually u black

%^V

I, J?:-

;ih

. ! '

;ii,

i iw

■1

If

''^\M

1840 nulldhi ^7, United States National Musenm,

a. IJronst scaly.

6. Occiput witli a distinct qua«lrnto pit.

(,'. Supraocular toiitacle Iohb than twice diameter of orbit.
d. Dorsal rays XII, 9.

e. Top uf head scalelosx, 3 suiall spinoH on suborbital carina.

AOAKSIZII, 22;i6.
PC. Top of liood not wholly scalolesB the intororbital space incoiuplctcly
scaled; Huborbital carina with 0 spines. ciustulata, 2'S.i'.

dd. Dorsal rays Xll, 10.

/. Anterior border of orbit witli no distinct pit below it.

g. Suborliital stay with 3 distinct spines; third anal spine
longer an<l stronser than second. nuASlLiENSis, 2238.

gg. Suborl)ital stay without spines; cliucks more or less scaly;
second anal spine longer and stronger than third.
h. Pectorals 20, about 7 or 8 branched; vontrals reaching
beyond vent ; llap above base of pectoral with contin-
U0U8 edge . jiistrio, 22119.

hh. Pectorals 19, about 10 branched; ventrals not reaching
beyond vent; tlap above base of pectoral much tat-
tered. PANNOSA, 2240.
ff. Anterior border of eye with a distinct pit between it and suli-
orbital stay.
i. Lateral line with about 50 scales; no dermal flaps except small
ones along lateral line; supraorbi .1 tentacles small; nxil
pale, mostly unspotted. guttata, 2241.
ii. About 30 scales on lateral line, most of the scales Avitli donn.Tl
flaps; 8ui)raorl)ital flap largo, longer than cyo; axil black,
with largo wliite spots.
J. Color rather pale or reddish; intororbital area narrow;
occipital pit deep. PLUMIERI, 2242.
jj. Color blackish; interoriiital space broader and flatter;
occipital pit broader and less deep. mystes, 2243.
ec. Sui)raocnlar tentacle more than twice diameter of eye; flaps on lateral line
longer than eye ; suborbital stay with a small spine near its center, anotiier
at its posterior end ; axil gray with many small white spots.

OBANUICORNIS, 2244.

bb. Occiput with only a very shallow depression or none,
it. Pectoral with 4 or more branched rays.

I. Occiput with a very shallow but distinct depression; .suborbtial stay evi-

dent, with several small spines. uussula, 2245.

II. Occiput with no depression, or only a slight crescentic notch ; suborbital

stay very low, a minute spine at its posterior end. BONORiE, 224t>.
kk. Pectoral with but 2 branched rays; no pit at occiput. inermis, 2247.

223«. SCORP.E>'A AUAS8IZII, Goode & Bean.

■ Head about 2i; depth about 3; eye 24 in head. D. XTI, 9; A. ITT, 5; P.
20; scales 5-47-11, 28 tubes iu iateial line. Width of head about ^ its
length; interorbital space nearly 5 in head. Sujiraocular ridge elevated
above general profile, snout abruptly declivous and very short, less tlian
i length of eye. Maxilla reaching posterior margin of orbit, 2 in head;

blotch on posterior half of spinous dorsal. Southern Europe; a specimen said to have
been sent toCuvier from New York by Milbort, a st.'itemeut extronioly doubtful.
Seorpcena porcus, LiNN.fEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 220, 1758, Mediterranean and ocean; after

Scorpcena pinmdis at ocnlit et narcs of AUTKDij CuviER it Valenciennes, llist. Nat.

PoiBB., IV, 300; GOnxhbe, Cat., H, 107.

Jordan and Evcrmann.— Fishes of North America, 1841

tiiandiblo reachiiif; hoyoml orbit, about 4 in loii}>;th of body, a littlo less
than 2 in head, with prominent symphyseal knoli. Nasal spines small, S
spines at top of orbit, 1 in front and 2 l)ohi'Hl; 2 spines on each side of
vrrt(!X and 1 on each side of nape; a tympanic and a humeral spine; two
spines on operde, 5 on prcopcrclo, the first with a small supplomontary
spine at its Jtjise, the stnmj;; i»roorbital spinos overhan;; supramaxilla;
siiliorltital carina, foclde, witli 3 small spines. Top of liead scaleless;
sidcHof head incompletely scaled. Cephalic filaments all small, the louj^est
iiliove orbit, about 3 in eye. fiill rakers 6+7. Distance of spinotis dor-
sal from tip of snout e(iuals length of its base; first dorsal spine 2 in
second; third to sixth about equal, 2 in head; penultimate spine 1^^ in
l;ist, which is about equal to orbit; Ionj;e8t ray about 2 in head ; caudal
v<3ry lon<f, its middle rays about 3 in leuf^th of body; anal orijrin under
eleventh dorsal spine, its base 2iJ in head, third spine very little lonjjer
than second, twice as long as first, about equal to orbit; longest x\\y
little more than \ head. Vent under tenth dorsal spine. Pectoral very
long, longer than head, reaching to end of anal, the uppermost 1, and
tlie lower 10 simple, the others branched; ventral reaching origin of
anal, nearly \ as long as head. Color above, light orange yellow, creamy
white l)elow lateral line; fins all pale. Length 3* inches. Mid-ocean,
X.lat. 23° 13', W. Ion. 39^ 10', east of Cuba. ("Named for Alexander
Auassiz in recognition of his eminent services in deep-sea explorations.")

Sc'irpcma agagaizil Goode &. Bean, Oceanic Iditliyology, 247, fig. 243, 1890, N. lat. 23"' 13',
W. lor 3. 39° 10'. station 259, Steamer Blake. (Typo in M. C. Z.)

2237. S('<UU\E>A rillSTI LATA, Goodo i Hean.

Head 2?^, twice length of upper jaw; depth 3; depth of caudal iieduncle
(Mjual to snout; eye nearly 3^ in head, f length of maxilla. D. XII, 9; A.
Ill, 5; P. 23; scales about 8-60-15; lateral lino tubes about 35. Inter-
orbital space moderately concave, 4 in up'>cr jaw, about 8 in head ; mandi-
ble reaching to posterior margin of eye, slightly I'Miger than postorbital
part of head; teeth in villiform bands on jaws, v^omer, and palatines, a
naked space at symphysis of maxillaries. Anterior nostril nearer eye than
tipof snou . Apair of spines on preorbifal; 6 spines on suborl)ital carina;
T) on border of preoperculum, the uppermost largest, Avith a smaller sup-
plementary spine at its base; nasal spines developed; 3 supraorbital
spines on ca<'h side and 3 more on each side of the vertex and the nape;
a postocular (?) spine, a tympanic and 2hunierals; 2 thin, ilat spines on
perculum. Nearly all spines of head with short filaments behind them,
longest filaments above orbit, scarcely J of eye; anterior nostril tubular,
with 2 dark-c(dored filaments. Gill rakers short, stout, the club-shaped
extremity armed with minute spines; 4 developed, and 2 rudiments
above angle, 8 developed on anterior limb, besides 5 sessile rudiments.
I'seudobranchiai present. Interorbital space incompletely scaled; supra-
maxilla finely scaled. Distance of spinous dorsal from tip of snout equals
twice length of upper jaw, first spine equaling interorbital space,
second nearly twice as long, third about 3 in head, penultimate little

;..-,: I

:'.^-M.

"W

hi

V,

IT

i*,

1842 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

iiioro than ^ lon;^tU of last; lonjjest soft dorsal ray ^ Itaso of spinous
(loi'sal. Cuiulal slij^htly romuU'd, middle liiys nearly ^ of head. Ori^jjin
of anal nnder last dorsal spine. Anal spines .stout, second and third
about equal, altout twice as lonff as lirst, lonj>e.st ray about 3 in head;
ventral sli«;htly lou<;or than nuixilla, not quite reachinjf vent; pectoral
reaching;; vent; 1 upper and S or 9 lower rays simple, the other I::
divided. Color (in alcohol) li};ht oranf-c yellow, a faint dusky blotch on
upper part of opercle; an irre;;ular area of dusky un»ler second half oi
spinous dorsal extendinj;- down to about middle of body; another ill
delined blotch J length of eye on basal half of solt dorsal; membrane ol
spinous dorsal beyinnin/j; behind fourth spine interminj;led with duskv.
Length (! inches. Only the type known. Deep water olf coast of (jieorj;i.i,
(Ooode A: Bean.) {crinlulatus, >vith a snuiU crest or tuft.)

Scorpmna crittulata, (ioooB it Bean, <)c. Fclitli., 240, fig. 242, 1896, N. lat. 30o44',V/. Ion.

79° a6', off Georgia, in 440 fathoms, at Albatross Station 2415. (Typo, No. 3!>:t2(i.)
Scorpieiia schiiiita, Ki'tULKK, Ann. I'niv. Lyons, xxvi, 474, 024, jil. 27, lig8. 4 to 6, 1890, Bay

of Biscay, in 700 fathoms.

828S. SCORP.KXA IIRASILIEXSIS, Ciivior & Valpnciennes.

!;!

Mi

Head 2;?; depth 2ij to 3; orbit 4 in head. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 5 (.'.l);
transverse rows of scales (oblicpie) about 25 to 30, (vertical) 50 to ()();
tubes 25 to 30. IJody short, comprcsse*!, i)rolile convex, depth of caudal
peduncle a little less than 4 in head. Head compressed; interorbital
space narrow, a little more than V orbit, about 7 in head, deeply conca\e.
deepest between preocular 8pin<'s, and with 2 marked longitudinal ri(l<rts
on frontal hones, parallel with the supraocular rid<i;es; a deci) pit at the
occiput, deepest behind, its anterior side sloping back from base of coro-
nal (tympanic) spines, its posterior side nearly vortical; i)reocular, supra-
ocular, postocular, and coronal (tympanic) spines moderate, parietal and
nuchal spines sharpest, their ridges thin and sharp; exoccipital 8i)ines
and ridj^es present; spine between orbit and occipital small, not bilid.
Preorbital very broad, with 2 sharp spines; no pit between anterior infe-
rior border of orbit and suborbital stay, the latter low, with 2 or 3 small
spines; uppermost prcopercuLir spine much the longest, a small spine at
its base, the others very small or almost obsolete; opercuhir spines rather
small, with not very prominent ridges; all ridges of head less prominent
than in Scorpacna plumien. .Jaws equal, the lower with a small 8ymi)hy-
seal knob; maxillary reaching posterior edge of pupil, about 2:^ in head;
teeth on Jaws, vomer, and palatines in rather nairow bands. Pseudo-
branchia' reaching down nearly to epihyal bone; gill rakers short, com
pressed, about 7 <m anterior limb. JJorsal fin deeply notched, membrane
ref\ching halfway np the twelfth spine; dorsal spines slender, low, the
longest equal to maxillary, about 2^ in head; soft raya higher, about li
in head; anal spines graduated, the second a little the thickest, soft rays
If in head; caudal truncate, or very slightly rcmnded; pectoral reaching
beyond origin of anal, a little shorter than head, its base not procurrent.
the 10 lower rays slightly thickened, exserted and simple, the upper

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America, 1843

I ays (except the uppermost oue) brunched; vnitrals reaching lieyond
\eiit, the last sol't ruy iittadied to the body for % of its length by a ratlior
liroad nicnibranu. Siipraociiliir Ihip h)ng and slender, longer than orbit, a
little more than W in head; proocnlar tlap small; tlups at baso of spineH of
jireorbital and lower spines of preoi)ercle, small ones on cheeks, uiom-
hraiie of spinous dorsal, and on many of the scaltis of the body; larger
ilaiis on lateral lino and abmg base of dorsal fin. Scales large, rather
Muiooth, with membranaceous edges; a few mdinuiutary scales on front and
ilap of operdo, on i»r<'opfrcle and lower i»art of cheek; breast with small
Kiales. t'olor dusky (divaceous or brownish, whitish below; a few largo
(lilVuse dark spots on eidcs above, nearly as largo as eye; the posterior
])art of each scale darker, giving a slight speckled appearance; axil pale
with suKill dark spots, which are also 8|»arHely present along lower part
III' sides; pectorals mottled, faintly banded, their lower part paler; spi-
nous and soft dorsal and anal irregularly marbled; caudal with median and
tirmiual blackish bands; ventrals dusky at tip; sides of head dark, with
some snuiU darker spots; snout, interorbital space, and tip of maxillary
(lark, faintly marbled ; under sidt! of head whitish or marbled with brown-
ish; peritoneum white. Atlantic coast, from Charleston to Rio .Janeiro.
riie s])ecimen8 on which this description is based are from Peusacola,
Florida. (hraaiHiiidH, from Ibazil.)

Sioriimin hyaMien»i», Citvikh & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. PoisH., iv, :i05, 1829, Brazil ;

CCntmeh, Cat., u, 112, 18fi0; JoiJDAN, Ciit. Fish., 109, 1885; Meek &. Newlano, I'roc. Ac.

Nut. Sci. I'hilii. 188.-), 1195, 399.
Si'orixnia sleanisi, tiooDE it Bean, Vroc. U. S. Xat. Xru.s. 1882, 421, Pensacola, Florida

(C((1I. Silas Stearns); .JoitDAN &. Uu.beut, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 614; JoitHAN &

UiLUBUT, Syuoi)sis, 951, 1883.

22!{«. SIOUP.EXA IIISTUIO, Jenyiis.

Head 2/^ (2{^ in total length) ; depth 3^ (4 in total length) ; Avidth of head
over preo]tercles IJJ; orbit high up, li in head. 1). XII, 10; A. Ill, 5; P.
I'D; transverse (oblifpie) rows of scales 25; tubes of lateral line 23 to 2.5.
|{ody compressed, its width at base of pectorals 2 in head ; caudal peduncle
whort, its depth a little less than orbit. Head heaA'y, its depth and width
eiiual. Interorbital space narrow, 2 in orbit, deeply concave, the con-
cavity with sloping edges and rounded bottom, and without prominent
lidges; preocular ridges very thick, prominent, with strong, prominent
Hjiines; supraocular ridges thin, high, with very blunt spines; postocnlar
spines on rim of orbit, external and posterior to supraoculars; another
snuiU spine on rim of orbit below and a little behind postocular; the bifid
spine a little behind middle of posterior margin of (trbit, and behind this
a small exoccipital spine with a thin i)rominent ridge; a pair of sharp
"coronal" spines, with snuill pits in front of them; thin, rather high
l>arietal and nuchal ridges, of about e»iual length, with blunt 8]unes.
• )<ciput with a pit of moderate depth, its longitudinal width 1;^ in its
transverse width, continuous on each side, between "coronal" spine and
parietal ridge, with a pit behind superior posterior border of orbit, its
anterior side 8loi>ing backwar<l, its ])osterior side nearly vertical, 8lo]»ing
slightly forward between anterior edge of parietal ridges. Nasal spines

ir

fl'i

1844 Bulletin .//, United States National Museum,

strong, nearly vertical. Preorbital very wide, withont prominent ridgos,
its interior 1>ordur lobate, with 2 or 3 Huiall npines; no pit under orldt, Init
a broad sluillow depression under whole length of orbit; suborldtal ri(l;;o
quite far from eye, ociuidlHtant from lower edge of eye and upper edge i>r
maxillary, its carina composed of 3 or 4 minor ridges, each bogiunini^
above the one in front of it and ending below the one behind it; a sin^lr
small spino at posterior end of last ridge. Uppermost preoporcular Hpinc
longest, a liltle below the line of suborbital ridge, witli a small spiiic
above its base in line with the ridge; the second, third, and fourth hihiks
Hiu'cessively snuiUer, the llfth obsolete. Opercle with 2 somewluit diveii;-
ing Hat ridges, ending in strong spines; 3 thin, sliarp, ]date-liko ridges itii
shoulder; first 2 scales (»f lateral line with bony keels. Mouth very larjic,
nearly horizontal, wholly below inferior edge of orbit; maxillary readi-
iug beyond posterior edge of orbit, very slightly more than 2 (2|',|) in
liead; jaws e(|ual, the lower withont prominent symphyseal knob; brond
bands of teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Pseudobranchije lar^ie,
reaching down nearly to epihyal bone; gill rakers very short, broad, with
many minute spines, about 12 in all, about 8 developed and 3 or 4 rmli-
ments. Scales moderate, mostly cycloid (or very weakly etenoid); ver-
tex, interorldtal space, snout, cheeks above suborbital ridge, and botli
jaws naked; smaller, embedded scales behind orbit, on base and Ha]) ol
opercle, and below suborbital stay; breast scaly. Anterior nostril witli
liiciniate Haps. Supraocular Haps minute; numerous Haps on sides of
body and preopercle, preorbital, and under lower jaw; a few minute ones
on sides of head. A very broad continuous Hap, width about It in orbit,
above base of pectoral, parallel with edge of opercle. Origin of dorsal
opposite upper angle of gill opening, not deeply notched, the spines only
moderately exserted; third and fourth spines equal, longest twice .-is long
as first, about 2\ in head, the following spines gradually and slightly
decreasing to the eleventh, wliich is a very little longer than first; longest
soft rays about equal to longest spine; caudal truncate, Ij in head;
second anal spine a little longer than third, about 2| in head; soft rays a
little longer than second spine, readiing base of caudal; pectoral 3;^ in
length of body, reaching nearly to origin of anal, the base procurr«'ut, its
width 3^^ in head, the 11 or 12 lower rays a little thickened, simple, hardly
at all exserted, the next 8 or 9 rays much longer, branched, the iipitcr-
most one simple; ventrals reaching a little beyond vent, 2 in heail.
Color in alcohol: Top of head and sides dark brown with a slight wash di
cherry red, belly white; cheeks under eyes mottled with light and dark;
3 to 5 small dark bands or spots between orbit and suborbital stay; soft
dorsal dark; membrane of spinous dorsal and base of soft dorsal stronglv
washed with cherry red ; a similar spot on opercular flap; S(mie of tlic
flaps of the sides of same color, others white; pectorals with 3 daik
bars alternating with lighter, the axils cloudy; caudal with 2 broad
dark bars, the lighter bands much mottled with white; posterior part of
sides with several white spots; a narrow black band across top of
peduncle just in front of caudal;* peritoneum white. Length 9 inches.

* JenyiiH mioti's Darwiiii} color iiot(!8: " Whole body scarlet red, fins rutlier paler, witli
small irregularly shaped black spots."

B;:t

Jordan aud livcniiann, — Fishes of North America. 1845

I'iiiuuna to .Mian Fernandez. Tlio Hitecinicn fnim wliicb this drscriptioii
in taken is from ChiirlcM Island, (Jalaitaj,foH Anhipolajfo; recorded from
Juan Keniandoz, Oalajtagos Archipolago, Chiurhas Islands, an<l I'anama;
a shore lish. {hiatrio, a 8ta<i;e player.)

Sciirj)ti'>in hUtrlo, Jenvns, /ool. Voy. Itmi^le, FIhIiph, 35, pi. 8, IH4'J, Chatham Island,
Galapagos Archipelago ((.'oil. Darwin) ; (i("\rnF.n, Cat., ii, ll'i.lHtK); SiKiNDAfiiiNKit,
lclitliy"l"Kim:lit' Jltii(ni({o, ii, H, 187ri; .l<)ur).VN I'n.c. Ac. Nat. Sui. I'lilla. 188;t, 20'J;
J^lKKK it NkwlanI), I'nic. .\o. \at. Sci. I'liila. 1885,31(5,31)1); JuKUlN \. BoLUlAN,
I'loc. U, S. Nat. Murt. 1880, 182.

2240. SrORP,K>A PAXXJSA, ('ranior.

Head 2} (2(/ in total length) ; depth 3 (3'f in total length) ; width .it base
(iT pectorals 4; width of head over preopercles 3^^. I). XII, 10; A. Ill, .'j;
ptictorals 1J(; transverse (obliqne) rows of scales 2."); lateral line (tubes)
al»oiit 25. Uody compressed. Caudal peduncle short, lis depth a very
little less than orbit. Depth and width of head about equal. Orbit high
lip, li in head; intororbital space narrow, 2 in orbit, deeply concave,
without iirominent ridges; proocular ridges thick and prominent, with
Htroiig .si)ines; supraocular ridges thin, with blunt spines; postocular
H|tiiies on rim of orbit rather sharper; no small spine on rim of orbit
liohind and external to the postocular; a bilid spine behind middle of
liosterior rim of orbit, and behind this a thin exoccipital riilge with a
blunt 8i)ino; a pair of sharp, broadly triangular ''coronal" spines with
Hinall pits between them and the snpraocnLars; thin parietal and nuchal
ridges of about e<iual length, with rather blunt spines; occi])ital pit of
moderate depth, its longitudinal Avidth V~ in the transverse width, its
.interior side sloping backward, its posterior side sloping slightly l»ack-
wiird, forming a shallow pocket in posterior part of pit; the pit is coiitiu-
iKjus on each side between coronal spine and parietal ridge, Avith a pit
behind postero-superior border of orbit; nasal spines .sharj), strong ; pre-
orbital very broad, with moderate ridges, its inferior border lobate, with
1 small spine directed forward, another downward; no pit under orbit,
lint a broad, .shallow depression between orbit and suborbital ridge; sub-
(iibital ridge well separated from eye, equidistant from lower rim of
orbit and upper edge of maxillary, and composed of 3 or 4 minor ridges,
each beginning above the one in front of it, and ending under the one
behind it; a single small spine at posterior end of last ridge; uppermost
preopercular spine longest, a little below the line of the suborbital ridge;
above its base is a small spine nearly in line with the ridge; second, third,
and fourth preopercular spines successively smaller, the fifth obsolete;
iipercle with 2 diverging Hat ridges with strong spines; three thin,
sharp ridges on shoulder; first 2 scales of lateral line with bony keels.
Mouth large, nearly horizontal, wholly below inferior rim of orbit; max-
illary reaching about to posterior margin of pupil, 2| in head; Jaws ecjual,
the lower without prominent syniphyseal knob ; broad bands of teeth on
jaws, vomeir, and palatines. Pseudobranchiie large, reaching down nearly
to epihyal bone. Gill rakers very short, broad, with many minute sjiines ;
about 6 developed, the anterior rudiments tending to form a contiiiuuus

r"""

'I

' i
i

9i *J-'

hi

1840 liiillciin /7, United States National M'lisciim,

HpinouH rid^e. Koalt^H iiioduriite, iiumtly cyrloitl (or vory woiikly otoiioid f) ;
vortt'x, intororbital Hpimc, mioiit, lioth Jhwh, and tlmekH abovo Hiilmrhitiil
stay, iiaktHl; Niiiall tMiilxnlditd HcaloH hohind orliitH, on cht'okH holow hiiIi
orbital ntay, on Imiho ami Hap of oporcio; Hcalcs on ItrcaHt Hiiiall. Ante
rior iioHtrilH witli broad, bMit'-liku biriniato (laps; proociilar UapH minute,
Hn))raoculiir Haps Ion;;, more tban \ orbit, alioiit \ as broad an lon^
nnmurouH liajis on back and nideH, on o))«r(di% and (mI^c of ])r«opi;rcli
and pruorbital; a fow small onus on clietdv and on oyo abovo pupil; w
lar^(!, niu(di-inci8*;d and divided lla|) abovr base of po(ttoral ])arallcl witli
ed;>;<) of opercular lla|), Its bn^tli about \\ in orbit. Origin of dorsnl
opiM)Hito ujipor anj;lo of ^ill oponing; dorsal fin tmt very dcojily notched,
tlio s])inos only nuidurately exHi;rtcd, third an«l fourth spines oqual, about
2'J in head, the following sjtines decreasing to the eleventh, which is 1
times as Ion;; an the first; lonv;i'Ht soft rays about e((uul to longest spines;
caudal truncate or vory slightly rounded, V\ in head; secimd anal spim
a little longer tban third, about 2^ iu head; Hoft rays a little longer than
second spine, not quite reaching liase of caudal; ])octorals about H,;, in
length of body, reaching nearly to origin of anal; the base jirocurrent,
its width about 3^ iu head; rays 19, lower « simple, slightly exserted ami
thickened, the next 10 branched, much longer, the uppermost simple;
veutrals reaching only to vent. (Joneral color apparently scarlet; cheeks
under orbit.s mottled with small, dark, mostly round 8]»ots; dorsal and
pectoral pale, with slight cloudings and small sp<»t8 of dark; il&pBof sidcH
l)alo or scarlet, caudal with 2 faint cross bars of dark spots, faint white
spots on the lighter bands; no trace of white spots on posterior part o I
sidles, and no trace of dark band across top of caudal peduncle; axils
pale, with ai)))arently 3 or I darker H))otH ; a large dark spot on side behind
opercular Hap; 2 luirrow dark bands under ixisterior half of spinous dor
sal, reaching on to abdomen, a broader one under soft dorsal; peritoneum
white.

This species is very closely related to Scorpana histrio, .lenyns, from which
it diifors in the following points:

Scoiyrena 2>(tnnoia.

Ninotoon jipctoral rays, the lower 8 aiin-
plp, tlio next 10 braucUod, tliu uppermost
Hiiiiplo.

Occipital pit deeper boliiiiil, its posterior
wall slaiitin^ backward. lt.s longitudinal
width 15 iu tlie transverse width.

Maxillary does not reach posterior border
of orbit, 2\ iu head.

Ventral fins reaching only to vent.

Soft rays of anal not quite reaching base
of caudal.

Senrpa-na hist no.

Twenty pectoral ray.f, the lower 11 or VJ
siui])le, the next 7 or 8 branched, the upper-
most simple.

Longitudinal width of occipital pit 1,', in
the transverse width.

Maxillary reaches beyond posterior bor-
der of orbit, very slightly more than 2 (2i'(,)
in bead.

Ventral flns I'caching beyond vent, about
J of distance from vent to front of anal.

Soft rays of anal reaching base of caudal.

W

Jordan and livamann. — Fishes of North Amciica. 1847

tleiirpa'na paniuna.

liroad tin]) altovo baHo of itoctornl iniicli
iiiclMetl anil tattorvd.

liill riikurM tower, the nidiinpiitH on tlio
iioiit Jiarl of tlir uiitcriitr limb iipparciitly
loriiiiiiK It rDiitiiiiiouH H]iimiloUH riilK«'<

No small Hpiiii' ou rim of orbit bi-liind
|iiHtociilar H]iinu.

No tnu'oof white apotH on poBtcrior parts
III' siiUm or of a Hiiinll dark bar acroHH back
III caudal pcdillicln.

A diHtiuot lar^e dark npot on aldo behind
ii|i(>n'iilar tla]*. I'cctoralx and soft dorHal
uitli very little dark.

Uuiiural color in alcohol faded Rcarlet.

Scorpwna hUtrio,

Itroad llap above bnaeof jwctornl witli a
nearly cuutiuuous huail.

A Minall H]>ine on rim of orbit behind pout-
ocular rtpine.

Several white spotB on posterior part of
si(ti>H, iind a Hmali dark bar arroHH back of
caudal pfduncle.

No distinct dark spot on Hide behind op(>r-
cnlar llap. PectoralH and .soft dorsal with
much dark.

(Jrncrnl color in alcohol dark brown and
cherry red.

Supraocular llap larj;o, more than ^ orbit. Supraocular llap Hnuill.

In his original <lescri;ition of tieorpwna liistrio from GalapagOH IslandH
(length 1> inclies), Jenyns yives tho lollowiuji details: Maxillary reaching
))(iMlerior margin of orbit; Hniall spine on rim of orbit behind postocular
^llille iirosent only on left side (entirely absent in a smaller spe«'imon);
runspicuous (laroe) palmated snpraoiiilar Haps; eleventh dorsal spine a
little longer than the first; '20 pectoral rays, tho 10 lower simple, the next
!) branched, the nppermost one simple. His 2 specimens exa<'tly agree
in number of fin rays. Tho plate accompanying his description (both
iloscription and plate based on same specimen) gives the 12 lower pectoral
rays simple.

rnforttinately, we have only 1 specimen of Srorpwna hiatih from Galapa-
l<;o» Islands and 1 of tS'.pannasa from Panama for comparison. It would
111! very desirablo to have a series for com])arison in order to dotermino
the amount of variation in the color and in the other points in which tho 2
.species differ from each other. (Cramer.) I'anama; only the typo (7^
inches long) known, (jmnnonua, tattered ; referring to the shoulder llap. )

Smrimiia pannom, ViiAi\KU, in Gilkkkt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1896, 440, pi. 42, Panama.
(Typo, No. 47573, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatnm.)

ital pit 1.', in

ise of caudal.

2241. SlORPiENA OUTTATA, Glrard.

(SCOKPENKi SCORPION; SCULPIN.)

Head 21 to 2|; depth 3 to 3 J. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 5; lateral line 30
(tnlies), 50 to 60 scales. IJody robust, litth^ compressed; interorbital
space not very deeply concave; a pit at the vertex in front of occipital
riflges, much broader than long, narrowest at the middle line, its anterior
edge running outward and forward on each si«lo to base of tympanio
ypinc. Mouth very broad, little oblique, lower jaw included; inaxillary
very broad posteriorly, 2,i, in head, reaching posterior margin of orbit.
(iill rakers very short, broad, comx>ressed. Cranial spines bluutish,

wmw

1848 DiiUdin /7, United States National Museum.

11:

'l!

IiIkIi; jnoocular, siiprftncular, postonilftr, tympnnlc, pnrtfltftl. nnnhal, .mkI
occipital H|)iiii'H pnmoiit, ItuHiileN h billd Npino hotwrcii tlio oxoceipitiil ami
orbit; upper preopun-iilar Hpiiio iimcli tliu loii^ost; opoiuiilar H|)iufH imi
lar^n; HiipriiKCiipiihir HpinitH :i, kniru-likii; th<- pnorliltal with It or I mod
ttrutt) rid^HH tlivMr^iiit; (orwaid and (Midin^r in Hpiiics; a Nniiill diHtint^t pit
betwucii lower iinturior ninrj^in of orbit and Hiiborliitiil Htay, tb» latti i
nioibratcly carinato, with Honu^tininM 2 or 3 blnntisb Hpints. Iloiid naked;
breast and royions bolbr« pectorals covered witli Minall cnibodditl hijiIcs
(witli exception ol' opercular llap); anterior niai'Kin •>> preorbitalH, inaifrin
of preopercle, and nostrils with skinny lla|)H; u rather Huiall llap behind
pruociilar Hpine, a larger one betwei^n siii)ra aiitl post ooiilar spineH, ^i
little more than 2 in orbit, besidcH Hoveral Hmaller ones on varioiiH parts
of the Lead. Scales Hiiiall, nowhere distinctly ctenoid; nearly every scale
on the upper parts of bo<ly with a small membranaceous tlap, the lla])s
lai'|>(tralon}r lateral lino. Dorsal s])ineH hi;;h, higher than the soft rays, tli<
longest 2i, in head; second anal spine longest and much the strongest, :i
in hoail; pectoral very broad, short, and rounded, its lower rays ])rocui-
rent, its tip reaching beyoiul the ventrals to vent, its base more than ^ in
head, its length 3.< in body, the 10 iowc^r lays simple, thickene<l, the rest
(except the uppermost one) branched; caudal rounded. Hrown. irregu-
larly mottled aiul blotched with rosy puri)lish and pale olive; opercles
and cheeks, a bar behind eye, and 5 or (J large blotches at base of dorsal,
])urpliHh; head, back, and sides with many snuill round dark-olive spots;
belly unspotted; )!'acic region pink ; spinous dorsal blackish, its middle
part with nuiny roundish jiale spots, forming a continuous stripe, besides
smaller black spots; caudal and i)ectoral with vertical bars of dark ami
pale spots; soft dorsal and anal spotted; ventrals pinkish, little sjtottcd;
jaws and branchiostegals yellowish, more or less mottled; axil pale, with
rouiul dark spots; peritoneum white. Length 12 inches, racilic coast
of America, from Monterey to Ascensiou Island, on the west coast of Lower
California; very abundant a))out 8au Uiego; a good food-liah. Here ilc-
8cribe<l from San Diego specimens, {ijuttutits, speckled.)

Scorpaina guttata, (JniAiiD, I'roo. Ac. Nat. St^i. I'liilii. 1854, 14r», Monterey (Coll. Lieut.
Trowbridge); GinAiii), l. S. Piic. U. It. Surv., x, FIhIios, 77, i>l. 17, ti),'H. 1 to4, 1858; .Ion
DAN iV (iiMiKUT, Syuuiisis, 079, 188;i; Meek .V NEWLiVNU, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila.
1885,390, 3!I9.

Si'battapistiM yuttatus, Stueets, liiiU. U. S. Nat. Mim., vn, 02, 1877.

224l>. StOUP.EXA I'LlMIKItl, Ulocb.

(Rascaoio.)

Head 2^ in length; depth 3. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 5; lateral line 40 (rows
of scales) about 25 pores. Body short and thick. Head irregular in
form, with numerous grooves and pits, and many lleshy Haps; a large deep
pit below the eye, between it aiul the front of suborbital stay; supraocu-
lar flap at least as high as eye; large Haps on preorbital and edge of pre-
opercle, preocular, supraocular, i»ostocular, coronal (tympanic ?), parietal,
nuchal, and exoccipital spines present; a deep pit behind coronal 8i)ines,
as long as broad; preopcrcular and opercular spiuos moderate, bluutisli,

Jordan and liver maim , — /'islirs o/' A\>r/// . Innr/ia. IHIO

.iiltorhitul Htuy |irniiiiiiuiit, with !< or I Hliurp NpitioH; » r«w ncuIch on pro-
upttrt'le uii«l oporiMiliti' Map; lioiul ntlirrwiHu nuked; niaxillury rxucliinK to
Lii'IiiihI o.vo, not <|iiit«) ^ lioiul; lowt^r Jaw iiiclnilod ; linsiHt covnrod witli
.iiiiitll t)tnlt(ul«l«ul HCiihtH; HcaloH of liody lar^c, not ctonoid, llrni, many of
ilnni witli nirnibianiK ooiiH llapn; latuial lino witli a hoiIuh of llonliy lla)m.
Iiiitjiul low, tlio hi^lioHt Hpino 2'j in lirad, Hornewliat low«r than the Hol't
iiiys; poctoralH vury l>road, pronirront, rciciiinK about to front of anal
ini; Ht'cond anal Hpino vt^ry roliiiHt, L'i{ in ht>ad, inucli larger than thir<l;
till' rid^KH, HpineH, and ^roovoH of lioad all uxagK;(M'at«Ml ; a Hniull bilid
spinu bt<t\vt4<n orltit and oxoccipital s)dno; inturorbital N))tic» deeply con-
lavo, tliu pit at uccipnt bowl Hhajiud ; maxillary r»acliin){ nearly to poHto-
lior margin of «yo; JawH al)ont oqiuil; teeth on Jaws in ratluir broad
iMudH, thoHo on vonior and palatinoH in narrow bandn; gill rakorH very
Hlmi't, as broad as high; ]iH«ndobranchiii> large; orbit high np, 5 in head;
pioorbital wide, corrngatitd with about I ra<liating ridgoH, itH inferior
liiiider with l{ Idunt HpincH; lumoof poct(»raI 2^ in head, the 10 or 11 lower
r;i ys Hiinple, a little thick(fned and exnerted, the up|u;i' rayH (except the
ii|i|>ernio.st ont^ branched; Heeond anal Hpine Homewhat longer than third.
Tliu color highly variegated, Hubject to much variation; Hand color, with
L' 1 1 road blackiuh MliadoH on the body and 1 on the head; belly ])urpliHh;
lower Hide of head liuely H]K)cklud in all Hliatlen of light, <lark, and pearly
liluiMh; upper partH covered with whitiHh cirri and ]»rotnsely Hpockle«l, the
Miirface looking as if covered with aand; eye with radiating dark 8])utH;
(Idisal covered like body, with some well-marked whitish spotH; dark
liiiiid of body paHHing on to Hoc<md dorsal; caudal variously mottled, with
:t pale and 3 black bands; anal whitish, variegated with reddish and
liiuck ; ventral similar, with more maroou red ; pectoral still more varie-
{f.iied, the tip scarlet shaded; inside of pectoral largely bright yellow,
tlnn blackish, tinged witli cherry rod; axil Jet blatsk, with large, round,
white spots; lips barred with black and whitish; membranes and angle of
iiioufh light bright yellow; peritoneum white, ^lomo examples, espo-
I iiilly old ones, taken in red alga), largely scarlet on body and tins. West
Iiullos and IJrazil, north to Fh)rida; very common everywhere from the
Florida Keys southward. (Named for Father Charles I'lumier.)

Srnri>n'mi plittnieri, Hl.ocH, Nyii. llimdl. Stockli., x, 234, 178'J, Martinique; llLOrn &
S('IINKU)BU, 104, 1801; (iUNTIIEU, Cut., II, UK, lR(iO; JOHUAN &, GUAiElVV, SyiiopHJa, U80,

188:i; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 137; Mkek &. Nkwi-and, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci.

I'liila. 1885, 390, 400; GOntiiek, Cliallcnmir Keport, Shore Finlics, vol. I, I'art Vl, !>, 1880.
srni-iKCiia liu/i), (Jdviku &. Valenciknnes, Hist. Nat. Poisa., iv, UUU, 182!), Martinique.
.Siii7/a'na rancacio, Poey, Synopsis, 303, 1808, Havana.

2248. SCOUP.ENA MYSTE8, Jordan &. Starks.

(Lapon.)

Iload 2i; depth [^h. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 5; scales about 30; orbit OA in
he;i(l; maxillary 2; pectoral 2; highest dorsal spine 3A ; second anal spine
li; caudal 2. liody robust, not much compressed ; interorbital space wide,
iii)t deeply concave, .^ wider than orbit; a pit between prcorbital and eye,
and a broad depression behind coronal spines; membranaceous Uajis on
3030 39

I
I

1850 liiilUtin /7, llniti'd States Natiomil Museum,

|iri>nrliltnl, rdjjiH of prooporrlo, oviT iioNtrllM, iiiitl iibdvn «yo»; prt'dnilm,
MiipriUH'iilitr, t.viii|>iiiii(;, coroiml, onripital, niii'liiil, iiiiil xxuciipitul Hpitii .
pri'N^iit. Miixilliiry ri'iidiiiiK to lM«liiii<l oyo; lo\v«ii- jitw huliiilnil. (iill
mK«rH Hhorfc iiml thii^k, iilioiit 3-f' I; IumiiI iiukt'd, witli tlio oxorptioii of i
f«\v t'lMlicililctl Hcali-H oil pi»i)poi'<'l<! iiiid poHtui'ioi' pint of upiMrlit; Hralci
oil liody lui'KOi iiiiiiiy of Minn with iiioiiiliriiiiiiiM'oiiH lltipH. Olive hrowii,
iiiiiioHt MiM^k, iiihi'IiUmI witli iiK;lit ilnili; opitrniliii- tliip witli pul«> imI^i ;
tlio liiiH iiiiicli HpolliMl ami iiiariilril, all ttxripf HpiiioiiH iIoimhI, w itii \v|iit>
iiiar^iii, iiioi'i' tliHtini't in tlitt yiiiiii^; faiiilal tin HJiowiii;; W intliHtinrt (Tohs
liai'N; asil ,i««t-lilark, with \vliit(«NpotH. Allied to Siorimiia i>liimi<ti itloc h,
wiiieii HpiM'icH it ropr()H«<iitH on tint I'lirilio CoiiHt and from which it dilloiH
ill liaviii^ a wider and llaltur Interorhitul ariMi; th«« lowor Jaw wider ami
more ronndi^d in iron I; the kiioh at HymphyMiH not ho Hliarp and proj«*eliii;;;
the pit heliind coronal HpiiicH hroadtu' and not ho deep, and tliu color
darknr. I.enirlli ir>inciieH. I'acilic coast of America, (InayiiiaH to I'ananii,
ptnorally coininoii on lock.N Hhoreu. {/niirt/^, prieat.)

ticuipiinti (/((/»'»'» .loiciiAN \ WTAIiKrt, I'roc. Cnl. Ac. Scl. lMI»r>, 41H, |il. 52, Mazatlan. (Tyim,
NuM.i:>Ul, 11)10, 1017, V!91B, L.H. Jr. Uuiv. Miia. Cull. llu|ikiiiH Kxp. to Mu/.atlaii.)

'i'iU. M Olti'.K.NA (mANDiroltMN,* Cuvkr H. ViUeiiciuiinva.

(I.ION FlMII.)

Head 2.} ; depth 2\. I). XII. !t; A. Ill, T); lateral line LT. (pores). I»...ly
ratiier Htoiit; deeper than in Siorpnnti itlmnicri and inmli Ichh varic;;atcil
in color; Hides and head witli dermal Haps; llapH on lateral line lon^; ;i
Hlijjht dcprcHHion helow eye; " coronal '^ Hpinos none; HuhorbitalHtay witii
abont^Hinall HpincH, I near middle, the other behind; occipital pit very
deep; npiues of head sharp; a few scah-s ou opercle; breuHt with rndi-
nientary Hcalcs; Hupraocnlar llap very large, wide, and fringed, more than
^ length of head, reaching to beyond front of dornal; eye about I in liemi;
maxillary n^achiiig po.sterior margin of eye, 2i in head. Dorsal spines
higher than in related species, the highest e(|iial to Hecond Hpino of ainil
and about 1 head. Gray, with brown shades and faint cross bars; sides
with nninerons bright yellow spots in life; axil dark gray, with round,
white dots, each surrounded by a dark ring; pe(;toral largely blackish
above, a Itl.iek blotch at base below, the liu largely tinged with yellow,
especially on the inner side; supraocular lilament blackish, with gr.iy
fringes; soft dorsal largely blackish toward tbetiji; spinons dorsal cliidly
dusky; ventral tijiped with )>lackisli; anal with li black bands, catiil.il
with 2. a faint band at its base. Florida Keys to Hrazil ; coinnion in shal
low water among alga-; a lish of striking ai»i)earanco, much dreadeil li\
the lishermen. The specimens here described from Key West, (ijnnnli.t,
largo; corna, horn.)

* Tlio whoro species o[ Scorprrna found in the wiilora of the Unitod .States may be dis-
tin^riiisiicil by tfio color of tlio axillary region, an follows:
.v. (/ If »a^a, pale, iisiiully unspotted; 1 or 2 dark spots behind it.
a. jdumirri. Jcthlack, with a few large white sjiots.
a, hrairilieniiig, pale, with several round, blackish spots.
8. inrriiiis. pale, witli dark s)>ecks, and a dark sj)Ot above.
S, yrandicornis, dusky gray, with uuuiorouB whito stollato sjiots. (.Jordan.)

J

/onitin ifnif f'A'i'nUitiin. risfnx of JVorf/i .hnirim. LSTil

Siorpfma iirnnitUnniin.Cvvitn A Vai-kni'iicnnkii, IliNt.Nut. roln*., jv, :m», 1H".>», Martin-
iquB, Porto Rito, Havana, Sun Domingo ; (liSl ilKli, Cut., ir IH, IHflO; I'uky, S\rn)|i.
Hh ;i():i, IK)18; .liiuiiAV, I'riii'. 1'. S, Nat, Miih, |sh|, |;iri; .rmiDAN, Cut. i<'Uli., lnU, ItMOj
Mkkk iV. NicwLAM), I'roo. Ac. Nut. 8<-l., riiilu. IHM, IIIMI, 4Ul.

'.'-.M.'i. M OltlM-'.> A III HHI |,t, .Ionian ,V lli.lliiiuii.

Hmd '2\ to 21 (:» to :»,',); *lr|>ili ;i' t..:n, (I lo l|). 1). Xir. 10; A. [IF. 5;
iiilt'i'iil litin I.") to 17. Itoily rul)ii.st, roiiipn sHcd ; liiick littliMthix iiti'tl; pro-
lilo vor.v ^nitl.N iirrlit'il iVoiit Hiiont to origin of H|)iiioiiH <|oinhI. Kyr iHr^c,
:ij ill hniil. Moiitli liir^f; tiiuxilliiry loiuhin^ poHti'iior iniirmlii ot' pupil,
'.' ill lit'iiil. Snout \\ ill lioail. Iiit< rorl)it;il Hpiicr iiiinow, roni>:iVi\ its
wiiKli II littlr lesH timii k i'\t\ Oit'lpitai iiinl Miiltitrliitiil iiits alisnit. (iill
iitliiii'H Hliort aii«l tliii'jv, T) or ti ili^voloptMl. NiiniiI HpiiiuH siiort and Hliiirp,
nut loii^t'i tliaii l*'ii<;lli of nostrils; proocnlar spiiir voiy pronilnrnt,
iargor than otlicrH on top of head; siipraoriiliu- spino not ho stroii;;: as
poHtocnliir lint! tympanic, wliirli itro close to^ctliur, llu> latter follnwotl by
a low Htriiitu riil){o witicli bears tliu low occipital ami niirlial spines; no
coronal spines; temporal rid^o |»roiiiinent, eiKlin^ in a spine, iind with 2
blunt spines in Iront; below these, and about liaHway to snburltital stay,
another Hiiiall and Idiiiit spinu; pro<irl>itul with 2 liir^e forward projiMtin^,'
spines ill front; suborbital stiiy with a prominent t'\i\^*i wliich beaiH a
small spine below anterior margin of ])iipil, ami L' mure behind posterior
iiarj^iu (in tho yoimy; the lirst of tliese 2 is .ilisent). I'reopercle with I
iliHtinet spiiicH, besides somo 4 sniallur pnijeetiuiiH, the lar<;eHt spine with
a small ono iinnuvliately below; opercfiilar spines 2, lar;;e and sharp, tlio
lower tlio loiij^er. Scales small, Hcai<ely ctenoid, those on belly niiicU
reduced; breant and region in frontof]iecturnl8 and veutralH scaled; ante-
dorsal ref^ion with ){ or I rows of embeildtMl Hcalcs; teiiiporiil rojjiou with
;i few embedded scales; cht^ek with about I rows of larj^e Bcales below
tlie Huburbital stay; niembrauo (»f oporelcs witii a few scales, the oporcio
itself naked; scales of body Avithout lloshy flaps. Supraorbital tentacle
developed in the youii<;', disa])peariu}r in the adult. Dorsal spiium not as
lii;;h as soft rays, the iiii de«!ply notched; lirst spine 2 in «iye, second I'i,
lliird almost eqiialinji; eye, fourth and tifth almost oijiial, [\ in he.id, twelfth
'.'<[ in head; lon<;'est soft ray of dorsal 2.^ in head; first anal spimt2| in
second ur 2 in eye, second anal spine lon^^er than third and ei|ual to eye;
loiijjCHt soft ray 0)|nalin<j; that of dorsal ; peetorals loiitj;, 1! in head, the
lower 11 rays simple, the next G br.inched, the uppernu)rtt 1 simple; ven-
tral reachinjf vent, very slightly more than 2 in head; caudal equal to
jtectoral. Color, dark brown above, ])rol»ably crimson in life, pal»» below
level of upper half pectorals; upper half of head dark but without any
distinct spots, the back more or less mottled with dusky; spinouB dorsal
with a dusky band at base and another amoss its middle; soft dorsal dark
at base and with ',\ or 1 irregular rows of small, obscure brownish sj)ots;
caudal tipped with black, traces of a narrow dark bar across its middle;
[lectorals slightly tipped with black, the middle slightly mottled; ven-
tralsand anals pale or Avith traces of black on tips of rays; ])eritoneiim
white. Lougtli G iuches. I'acitic coast of Colombia. Numerous specimous

I ''I

1852 Bulletin I-'/, I hi itcd States National Museum.

wciro (IrcMl^ied iit a (Ipptli of 33 fathoms nt Alhaiross StatioiiH 2795 and 2707.
(Jordan &. iiollnian.) i^rmmlm, reddish.)

,Scori>mna niKHvln, Joiiuan \ JJoiXMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1888, 105, Pacific coast ol
Colombia. (Typo, No. 411(10. CoW. Alhatfvsn.)

% t-

224«. SrOlli'.KNA SOXOR.K, Jonkiim \. Kvorniaun.

Head 2\ (Hiu total); doptli 3| (4i); oyo3 in head. 1). XII, 10; A. Ill, 5;
scak'b (1-47-15. JJody oblong, Blightly compressed; hack not {greatly rlc-
vated; i>rofile };ently arched from .snout to orij^in of first dorsiil, and Itiil
little convex from there to caudal lin; ventral profile nearly straight to
origin of auiil, Avhere it makes a broad angle with line fo base of caudal.
Head large, little compressed. Mouth large, obli<iue; maxillary large,
triaiigular, 2.} in head, extending to posterior margin of ])npil; premaxilhi
ries with a deepsinnsat tiiemiddloof their anterior margin into which fits
the slightly projecting lower .jaw. Occiitut having no distinct pit; no
])it Ix'tween the lower anterior margin of the orbit and 8uborl)ital stay.
Teeth in villiform bauds on Jaws, vomer, and i)alatiucs. .Suborbital witii
a sharj) ridge bearing .S small spines, these in a line with a strong spine
on the preoperclo; nasal sjiines small, with a prominence between fhcm
made by the n])per posterior tips of tlie prcmaxillarles; the preopercul.ir
spine the largest; the supraocu'"" ridge with 2 small spines a little bidiiiul
middle of eye; on the upper posterior margin of the orbit a strong tuber
cle rising into 3 small spines from which a well-developed occipital ridge
extends backward, ending in a sharp spine; tympanic spines (|uite small ;
coronal ridges quite prominent, Avith at least 3 distinct spines on eacli ;
nuchivl spines avcII developed; operdo with 2 strong ridges, both begin-
ning at the same point on a level with the pupil and at a distance from it
equaling diameter of eye, the lower one running nearly horizontally back-
ward across the opcrcle, while the upper and weaker one diverges from it
at an angle of about HO degrees and extends to the lateral line; thelengtii
of each of these ridges equaling diameter of eye, both ending in spines;
five preopercular s]tiuc8, the uppermost mucli the largest, in a line
w :th the suborbital ridge, and with a very small spine on its ridge near tlu
middle; the second, or ntixt s])ine below, is very short and inconspicuons;
the third slmrt and broad and jtrojccting slightly downward; thofourtli
smaller than third and inclined still more downward; while the filtli
is still smaller and projects nearly at right angle with the first; suli
orbital ridge prominent, bearing 2 small spines, the anterior one directly
beneath the pupil, the other at anterior edge of preoperde. Origin ot
spinous dorsal a little in front of ojiercular Hap, its distance from snout .'!
in body to base of caudal ; first spine short, less than snout in lengtli ;
second spine equaling eye; third equaling distance from tip of snout to
middle of pupil; fourth, fifth, and sixth each a little longer; the remain
ing 1 gradually shorter, the eleventh about as long as first, thus makiun
the fin emargiuate; all rather strong .and pungent; the next spine slen-
der, greater than eye in length; distance from base of dorsal to caudal
iiot 6', lulling height of the former; anal moderate, its height a little

Jordan aud livcrmaun. — Fishes of North America. 1853

^routuT than itH len^tli, its urigiii under beginning of ho ft doi'Htil; tlio
lirst spino shorter than soi-ond spine of dorsiil; the seooud much stronger
and longer, \ length of lieud, longer tlian longest dorsal spine ; third more
slender, shorter, about equaling longest dorsal; soft rays about equaling
longest spine; anal and dorsal lins equally distant from caudal; pcctoials
long, l,''i, in head, their tips just ]>iissing lirst anal spine, inaerttd a little
in advance of ventrals and mud' below axis of liody; the upper rays
branched; ventrals close together, moderate. Just reaching vent; caudal
moderate, about equaling pectorals in length. Che ks well scaled, oper-
clcs nearly naked, occipital region with a few poorly developed stales;
l)ody covered with moderate cycloid scales, about 17 in a longitudinal and
21 in transverse series ; tlie lateral line l)eginuing at the upper angle of
operclo, then curving downward to a line vertical from the tips of the
ventrals, and then upward to near middle of base of soft dorsal, from
which it is nearly straight to caudal (in ; but few dermal Haps upon scales.
Coloration in ol^'.ohol : body pale below, dark above, mottled with darker;
licad (lark, snout and jaws covered with linopunctulations; a dark blotch
between the eyes, an irregular blotch extending fiom below eye to edge
of operclo, and another on suborbital just below pupil; spinous dorsal
with 3 dark blotches at base extending onto body, outer edge mottled
with black ; soft dorsal with a dark spot at the base, a black spot greater
than di.ameter of pupil on middle of outer pai't, aud another on the tips
of the last rays; pectorals with 2 distinct black bars and /iiottled with
black near the base, the narrow outer edge white; axilla pale; ventrals
white on anterior half, tlio terminal half black; anil white, tips of last
rays with a Idack spot; caudal Avith \\ black bands, the lirst partly on the
l)edunclo, the second about e<iualing \_ the eye in width, (lie posteilor
edge at middle of (in; the third on tip of fm, abo\it e(|ualing snout in
width. (.Jenkins »fc Evermanu.) Length about 1 inches. West coast of
Mexico; Guaymas, Mazatlau, etc. t'omuion in shallow watu'. A sniall
species, closely allied to the group called Vonlxnun.

Scorpaiita sonora; Jenkins \- Evkumann, I'loc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1888, 150, Gua yinas, Sonora
(Typo, No. ;!i)044. Coll. Jeukius vV- Kvuriuaiin); Juuuan, Fislica tif Siuuloa, in X'roc.
Cal. Ac. Sci. 18»5, 492.

2247. SCOKP.K.W INKU.MIS, Ciiviia' \ Valcntiuiinos.

Depth U in t^tal length. 1). XII, 8; A. Ill, 5; 1*. 1!). Body ebmgate;
opercniar lobe short, £1 in head; eye H^ in head, e(iual to snout; interor-
bital space concave, 5 in diauu^ter of eye; orbit high up, maxillary reach-
ing posterior border of orbit; 2 pores along the lower jaw; the iirst sub-
orbital with 2 spines on its inferior border; jtreopercle spinous as in S.
jihimirri, the other 8i)ines in the head less pronounced; the internal spine
("coronal") of the principal fnmtal lacking; suprascapular with 2 par-
allel spines; spines of dorsal unequal; pectoral rounded, its lirst 2 rays
simple but articulated, the next 2 branched, the following 14 simple;
second anal spine very short, about '.i in height of body, almost eiiual to
diameter of eye; occiput without pit; supraorbital Hap quite short, a

m^''

m.

1854 fiuUcfi)! /7, Thiitcd Sfatt's National Museum.

very small ojw ut tlio nostril; soiuf small (ilaiiumlH on the sitloH and <»ii
l//>( nil lino. General color that of S. i/nnulicDnna, Cn\'ier, marbled wiili
yellowish fl/id l»ro\vn. the belly i>aler; an obscnro blotch on snboperclc,
another on inferior haao of |)eetoral; eatidiil with I} vertical browi; bauds
:>n a yellowif^b i;round. I at base of iin, tlu; Hceond in middle, the third
terminal; eye marked with red and yellow; axillary rej^icm entirely
whifish; no small white points on the scab's of this reeion. Ticn^th :!^
inches. (Pooy.) West Indies, north to Florida ; recorded from Martini(|iie,
Havana, and Clearwater Harbor, Florida. This species, with only 2 of (lie
pectoral rays branched (Goode«.Sc lk>an, in their descrijjtion of the Florida
type, say "rays all or nearly all simple"), seems to form a transition to
*he fifenus I'ontinits, which can be di8tin<(Misli(d from Scorpuixi only by the
ndivided condition of the pectoral rays. (Iiicrniis, nnarmed.)

,SV((r/;(«*;i« inennis, Cuvn:u \- VAi.KN(ii:NNi:a, Hist. Nal. I'lilss., iv, ,'Ul, IH'J'J, Martinique.

(Coll. M. llicliard.)
Scin-iKi-na (iccijiitalin, POEY, MfiiKirias, n, 171, 18011, Havana; I'oKY, SynojiKi.s, 3(1,'!, iwis

Jordan, Cat. Fishes X. A., 100, 1«85; Mekk .'v Kku'Lanh, I'loc. Ac. iS'ut. Hci. J'liil.i.

188.">, 397, 402.
Scor2>cena calcarata,' Uoodk \ I'.iiAN, Prou. U. S. Nat. Mils. 18xi!, 12'-'. Clearwater Harbor,

Florida (Type, Ko. '.';t6«6. Col). Dr. J. W. Velii); JnuDAN \ (iu.MKirr, S.\ iioj).-*!:,,

694. PONTINUS I'oey.

Piintinvg, POF.Y, Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, U, I7'J, 1800 {ratln)-,.
Si'bantoidvK, (iii.i., I'roc. Ae.Nat.Sei. I'hila. 180;t, 208 {kuMii).

This genns diifens from Scorpcvna chieiiy in having the pectoral rnyti nil
simple and their ti]ts only free; anal with 5 to 9 rays; suborbital Keel com
posed, of 3 or l distinct, differentiated spines, 2 prominent retrorse spines
on each preorbital. No pit at occi])ut; scales ctenoid; clieeks and opci
ehis usually scaly; pectorals not ])rocurient. The American species nil
have D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 5. (pontiiiun; pons, a bridge, referring to the sub-
orbital stay.)

* lltirt) is fjiveii CiKxlo \- I'oan's (les('i'i])ti(m of -Vfiy/^ioKf calcarata « liicli species .Im
(Ian and Meek iV Newland have identilicd willi Si-oi-ikiiiii (iri-ipildlia, j'eoy:

Seoriin'ita calcarala, (Jodhk \-. Hean: l)ei)th 3. I). XI-I, it; A. III. '5; P. 10. Jalcnil
line 28 (2.') tubes), liody nmderato, ri>l)iist; eye larKc, nearly 3 in head; lower .j.'iu sli(r|illi
i)ro,joctinj^, with a siuall syni])liyseal knob; maxillary roacjiinf; past pujiil, its Icnglli J
lioaid; jireorbital with 3 di vermin}; s|)iues; suliorliital without j)it, the bony stay niodcralc,
armed witli 2 small si)iiR's; nasal s)>iiips small; inteiMu-bitai spa(0 narrow, with 2 lc)ii;;i
tudiiuil ridjics, its \vi<ltli i l(>ii;;tb of oyc; cranial rldyiis ratlier low, with sliarj) spiiif-,
iirranf^i^d as in Scotiiti-tKi k/;'((;;(s(. ()( i'i]iitiil (inilj' almost olisohtc, rejiresentrd liy ,1
alifiht dciire-ssion ; ]ire(>pcrcnlar spines 5, the lowernKist alout, directed ilownw'ird ami
forward, tlie uiipermoat rather lonff, nioro llian J e\o; opercular anil scapulai spim ,)
nnxleratc; supraocular ll;ip.s nunute, i few other small (hips on hcai) ; cjieidi.s w itii lii

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Jus/iis of North America. 1855

a. liiiHOof pur.toral hroail, tlic tin t'uiiMliaiicd.

h. Snout iiakod iiliov j uh is tlio iiiti'miOiital HiuK't'.

c. Kloveiitli (lorMiil s|iint^ noiirly aa loiij; as twell'tli; iiiiixilliiiy '.! in lioiid ; iiitci'-
orbital si),'i<'i' 10 in liiiad ; eve ;i in head (yoiiuK spi'finii'n). rniloriii
rosy, intoriiiin>;li'd with pt-arly wliilc. MACiU)LKris. '.'248.

tc. Klt'.vnnlli dorsal H]iin« J as long as tvvi'lftii.

(/. I'".yi' GJ in lirad; maxillary reaching f, across oye; iiead 1 in total
Iciigtii: spinouB dorsal low; iiuctoral imintcd; siipraorliital tin-
tacio 5 in total length ; carniino red, without niarblin;;s.

CASTOIl, 'JJIlt.
M. I';y(> \ in head; iiiaxiihiry icaehing anterior tliird ut' orl)it ; spinous
dorsal hij;h; jiectoral rounded; <'Mriuiue red, witli vertli-al rosy
l)andH. rui.i.ix, 'I'lW.

hh. Snout fully scaled above; inleroriiital space \\ ith lew scales, lop of liead other-
wise entirely scaly. katuuuni, 'J'-'jI.
(irt. Ilase of pjictoral narrow.

('. Head without lllinnents: nape and top of snout scaly ; ventrals reaching; vent.

I'ecloral ra.\H l(i. i.oNuisi'iMs. 'X'l'i'l.

cc. Head with simple shiidet tiliiimnts; fop of head, including interorbilal 8pi.<'<'

and top of HiKiut, entirely scaled; ventraU not roacliing vint. I'ectoral

rays 18. .sieuha, 2J5:i.

L'L'iS. i'OXTI.NiS .M.VCKOLKI'IS, (Joode and llean.

Hoiul al.>Mit2j; doptli aliout :J; flop th of oaudal pcdiiiicli" i(|Mal to snout.
I). XII, .0; A. HI, 5; P. 17. Widtliof Load about 2 in its l.notli. Soalos
t>-l.'2 (tulH's)-lO. Iiitcrorbital space dcoplyconcavo, 2 in snout, 10 in lioiid.
iOyo al)out ;^ in Load (in a young iiKlividiial). I'osfc orliital jtart of hoad
'1 in distance from tip of snout to orioin of spinous dorsal. .Maxilla
n iuliinjf hoyond middlo of eye, 2 in head; niandlMo rttiicliin.!,' to posterior
border of eye, about 2 in head. e(|ual to longtii of vontrai (in. Toetii in
\illiform bands on Jaws, vomer, and paiatiiio; a uil^od spaoo at syinpby-
sis of intennaxillarios, into wbioli tits a projocting spur at tii> of maiidi
IjIoh; niandiblo with slight sympbyseal knob and 3 large pores along
middle of its snifiieo. Nasal, pieocular, aupraociihir, postoci l.ir, tyin-
piinio, |i(iiiel;;l, iind nuchal spines present; a paroccipital 8))ine and 2
hnniorals; 2 stout, Hat spines on opeiile, 4 on preo]»erole, uj)perni{)st
iMrgest, and with siipjdenientary spine at its base, third larger than sec-
ond or fourth. Suhoibilal cari'.a consisting of 3 spines; 2 on ]»reorlii(.iI.
botii bonding hacKward. I'otir rudijnents and 2 developed ^^ill rakers
(ihove angle, !) develo]ie<i rakers on anterior !imb of ardi, developed
rakers with smiill knob at tip. Preocular (ilament very sliort; supiancular
lil.iinent about 3 in eye. Anterior no.stril tubular, with thin narrow tlap;
distance between anterior nostril and eye etjuals intororl»it/il width; l/os-
torior nostril not tui)ular. Scales larger than in I'ouHnuH lnn</lsifl/ll» tii
(■(iHlor. IntoroibitaJ space and to)) of snout sealeless; he.id otherwise
entirely scaly. Distance of dorsal Irom tip of snout twice tlu' maxilla;
liisl Hpino i| of second; third longest, aliout 2.1 in head; poiniltimato spine
ibmito, and lust B|)iiie 1 in he-d; hrst and last spines eiiual ; longest r.iy
iboiit 3.i in head; caudal almost truncated, middle ray*^ about 2 in head;
anal origin under second dorsal H]Mne, length of base 1 m head; (ir.stspine
iilioiit 2^ in second; second 2^ in head; third shorter than second, about

1850 Bulletin //, Uniicd Stales National Museum.

3,'; in liond; louf^est my oquiils lungest dorsal Hpiuo; pectoral roachiiiL
vent, rays all Hiinplo, loiiyeHt 3.4 in lou<;th of body; ventral origin uiidci
base of ])octoral, i-oaching vent, 4 in length of body. Color (in fioHli
speciiiieu) uniform rosy, intermingled with pearly white; light areuH niosi
conspicuouHon ilns; anterior part of anal more intensely colored than any
other part of HhIi; cephali<- tentacles pale, the supraocular pair with i
little band of rose a little below middle; pupil intense Idue; iris golden
above and below, overlaid with rosy, greenish golden anteriorly and pos-
teriorly; belly and throat jtoarly white; the light areas on caudal simulatr
bands. Total length4^ inehos; t<» base of caudal, 3^ inches. A single, snuill
individual, otf Yucatan, in 130 fathoms. (Goode and Beau.) (/<a«po5,
large; Aear/g, scale.)

riintimig macrolepU, Goouk & Bean, Ocoaiiio Ichthyology, 257, li^- 247, IHliO, N. lat. 20^ 5g'
30", W. Ion. 86° 23' 45", at Albatross Station 3354, off Yucatan, in 130 fathoms, (Tyix',
No. 39324.)

224». PONTIM S TASTOK, I'oey.

Head 2Hn total length; depth efpial to distance from tip of snout to
limb of ]>reoperele, 4 in total length. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, T); P. 17. Eye.")',
in bead; snout prolonged in front of orbit; mouth very large; maxillary
reaching 'i across eye; intentrbital apaccf very narrow; no pit at occiput;
3 pores on eacb side along lower jaw. Teeth as in others of the groiii).
as also opercular spines, which are not striated; preopercle with a ratliei
strong spine on its border which has another smaller one at its base;
below this 2 blunter 8]»ines; first sul)orbital with a llat spine above and
2 others on its inferior border; none on its crests; 1 short backwavdly
directed spine on the second suliorbital and 2 on the third; nasal spines
present; preocular spines very sharp; supraocular, po.stocular, and tym-
panic spines present, in a straight line, joining the parietal and nuchal
spines; a spine on the mastoid, another, sometimes 2, on the supra8C<a])ii-
lar; postfrontal with 2 small spines. Spinous dorsal low; last dorsal
spine twice as long as the one before it ; second anal S)>iue medium; pec-
toral pointed, its seventh ray longest, the others decreasing rapidly; all
simple, articulated. Lateral line plain, a tube on each scale; scales of
back and belly of same form as those of sides, the latter larger, none on
bead, first suborbital, maxillary, interopercle, nor on limb of preopercle.
Flai)8 not branched; supraorbital tentacle long, 5 in total length, tlie
others very short; 1 on ethmoid, 1 on prefrontal, 1 on parietal, many on
lateral line and belly. Body carmine reil without marblings; fins with
alternations of red and orange; iris red with small yellow circle; snjua-
ocular tentacles and last rays of pectoral aiiuulated with brown. Length
8 inches. Havana; very rare in ileop water. (Poey.) One specimen, col-
lected by Poey and agreeing with his description, examined by us, in the
U. y. National Museum. {Castor, twin brother of PoUnx, in Mythology.)

Ponthuii cantor, I'okv, Mciuoria.s, 11, 173, 18G0, Havana. (Coll. Poey.)
Seotycena castor, Meek & Newland, Proo, Ac. Nat. Sci. I'Lila. 1885, 397, 402

1 '■

Jordan and Evcrniami .— Fishes of North America. 1857

>»«>.".i» i»

50. IMIXTIM S IMILMIX, I'ooy.

Very clo8»'ly rel.at<Ml to PoHliinia ntsliir in (orm and color, distiiijj^niRlieii
principally by its skclotou. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, ">; V. 17. B«»ily hifjlior
'lian in I'ontiniia ciiHlor, lioail snuillcr; oyo larjior, 11 in total lun<^tli, I in
licad; maxillary reaching anterior third of orbit; interorbital space only
' of ocnlar diameter; occiput no more dcpre8so«l than \n Ponlinua coator.
V'wHt suborbital with 2 quite strong spines on its inferior border, and 1 on
its crest; a <loubh^ spine on second suborbital, 2 on thiid, in a lino with
tlui double anterior preopercular spine, below the latter 3 others; the otluir
.pines as in I'lmltniia nmlor. Tlie long Ixmy suprascapular tentacle m(«"e
slender; a small preorbital tentacle; others present on the ])ointH of some
of the dorsal spines; the rest ditllcult to distinguish. I'ectoral rounded;
spinous dorsal high. General color carmine red, with vertical rosy bands;
I hese 2 colors alternating on the fins; iris vermilion; jteritonenm silvery.
Length !)if inches. Havana, very rare (Poey); not scou by us. {I'oUux,
line of the Gemini or twins.)

I'luitinuspollux, I'OKY, Meinorins, u, 174, 18G0, Havana. (Coll. Poey.)

2251. rOXTlXrs KATIIin'M, (!o..(l. wv Hean.

Head about 2^ ; de])th about 2.V; cyo and snout eqnal, 1 in head. D. XII,
10; A. Ill, 5; P. 17. Greatest Avidth of head equals middle, caudal rays,
hitororbital spaci^ not very deeply concave, about 2} in eye, about 10.V in
head. Maxilla nearly reaching jjosterior margin of eye, about 2^ in head.
Mandible reaching beyond eye, eciual to postorbital part of head, twice
as long as eye. Teeth in villiform bands on Jaws, vomer, and palatines;
,1 naked 8i)ace at symphysis of intermaxillaries. A pair of recurved spines
oil i)reorbital, t on suborbital carina; 4 on preopercle, the uppermost with
a smaller supplementary spine at its base, the iirst and third largest; a
pair of compressed Hat spines on oporcle; nasal, preocular, snpraocular,
postocular, tympanic, parietal, and nuchal spines present; single pos-
terior spine on each side and 2 humeral spines. Two gill rakers and 5
I udimeuts abovt^ the angle, and 8 rakers and 5 rudiments on the antt^rior
limb, the longest' about 6 in eye, slightly expanded at the tips. Psoudo-
hranchiai well developed. A A-^ery short and slender preocular and a large
Hupraoccipital (supraocular?) lilameut, tlie latter about 1| in eye, expand-
ing at top into a semileaf-like tip ; a p; wall, slender filament between i>ari-
otals and'iiuchal spines, a combined lilameut behind the lower preorbital
spine; anterior nostril tubular, Avith 2 or 3 small filaments. Intcrorbital
space AVith few scales ; top of snout fully scaleci ; Jiead entirely scaly above.
Distance of spinous dorsal from tip of snout equals length of base of
spinous dorsal, 2)i iu body length ; Iirst spine 2 in second; third longest,
iii, iu head, e(iiial to upper jaw, twice as long as penultimate spine; last
spine equals eye, 4 in head; base of soft dorsal 4, and longest rays 6 in

* Poey stntes that ho iioglocti'd to t.iko -""tes on tin- jieiierrc ch.arai^tora founded upon
I ho scales of the head iind Iho Hiiii])!*' ra\ s oii^tho pectoi'al in I'ontinux pnllux, but tlio
siH'cios is so uearly related to rontitius castor that ho lieheves it belongs to the same
Keuus.

':.lt.:ir

II

1858 Bullclin .//, United States National Museum.

]'

hotly luiigMi. ('aiidiil lu^arly trmiciitc, middlo rays l.j in body ltMi;;tli,
first iiiiiil Hpinn about 2A in HtMtoiid, I HtM-oiid lon^^or than tbird ; loiiu<>.si
ray ('(|iiiil,s8ocoud s])ino; jioctoiiil rt'ai inj; sliglitly beyoud voiit, tbo ray;
all siiiipb', the tenth loiif^ost, l in lengtli ol' body; ventral reachinj? vont,
itH HpiiM' 3 in Iwad. Oeiuiral color lifjjht orange yellow (in life jtrobably
roseate); *> dariv blotchea on npper surface, lirst on nii]te, second at be^in-
ninjf of Hjdnons dorsal, third under fourth doisal spine, Ibnrth be};inniii';
under seventh s]une, fifth at ori<rin and sixth near end of noft dorsal, tin
largest a))ont \ eye; soft dorsal with iinnierons roundish dark blotilics
on the skin eoveriufj; the rays; caudal marked like soft dorsal; other lin^
pale, licngth 4i Inches. Closely related to I'onlinita cttnarienHia, but dis-
tinguished bj' shorter ]»ectorals, longer second anal sjdne, more advanct il
position of anal fin, suborbital crest, more advanced position of i)ectoral.
whose base is almost hidden under branchiostegal membrane, etc. OH
Cape Hattoras, North Carolina, iu 80 fathoms. (Goode A, Mean.) ("Nannd
for Mr. Kichard Rathbun, chief of the Division of Scientific In(|niry in
tlio United States Fish Commissiou, in recognition of his important c(in
tributioniJ to marine zoology.")

Pontinn.1 tallibuni, GooDK & 15KAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, '2'u>, (i<;. '245, 189(!, off Cape Hat-
teras, N. lat. 35° 39', W. long. 74 ' 52', in 80 fathoms, Albatross Station 2298. ('i'.v|it',
No. 8U325.)

2*_'.J-_». I»0.\TIMS I.OMJISIMMS, (;o(h1c\ ncaii.

Head about 2.1; depth Uj ; least depth of caudal ])cdunele I iu hciid.
1). XII, 10; A. Ill, .5; P. Ki; rows of scales T—Ut-IB; pores of lateral lin(»
25. Greatest width of head about 2 in its length; intororbital space 7 in
head, 2 iu eye. Eye iik in head, eriual to snout. Maxilla reaching middle
of eye, 2,; in head. Mandible extending a little farther back, alxmt 2 in
head. Teeth in Jaws iu villiform bauds; a slight interspace at symphysi.s,
separating the 2 enlargiid, club-shaped ends of the iutermaxillaries;
vomerine teeth in a very narrow triangular baud; palatine bands very
narrow. Nasal, preocular, supraoculai, postocular, tympanic, parietal,
and nuchal spines present; tlio supra and post ocular and tympanic small;
a postorbital spiuo behind orbit, 2 on Hlu)uldcr; a pair of spines on front
of preorbital, 3 on suborbital ridge, I on preopercle, of which the one ,it
the middle of the bonhsr is the largest; 2 on oixTcle. (Jill rakers stoni,
rather short, 12 develo]»ed on anterior arch, !> of them on .anterior linili,
besides the rudiiueuts. l'soMd(d)rauchia' well developed. No filaments
about head. Cheeks, operclcs, najie, and top of snout scaly; sides ni
snout and nuixillaries naked. Anterior nostril tubular, distance from cm
i of diameter of eye. Origin of 8i)iu(»us dorsal a little in front of base nl
pectoral, distance from tiit of snout twice length of maxilla; first s]»inf
about li in second, second about 2 in third, third 2 in head, the elevciiili
about Ik in twelfth, longest ray 2 J in head; caudal very slightly emargi-
Uiite, middle niys about 1 in body length; origin of anal under first ray
of soft dorsal, its base about 3 in hea<l, second sj)iue longest, the first 'M
in second, 2i in third; longest rlty a little shorter than longest .spim ;
pectoral reaching beyoud vent, almost to end of spinous dorsal, its ongui

Jordan and hlvcnuau)! . — Fishes of North Aiiwrica. 1H59

>ol()W Hi'coiul iiixl tliird dorsjil m|uiu^h, rays all Hiiiall; ventral under p«r-
Dtal, n!achiii<r vont, uboiit 2 in Ix-ad, itH Hpiiio e(|iial to maxilla. \'<>nt
nilor ninth spine of dorHul. Color (of alcoholic H])eciincni li){ht orange;
:Midal with a lew Hniall dnsky hlotches; the other liim italc Not ho dfcp-
odicd aH I'oiiUhhh kniilli, hut its ;;ill rakers, dorsal lin, and the ridjjes of
lieadandof the scales are Hiniilai'. Lenj^th ") inchos. Oiilf of Mexico, olV
■ last of western Florida, in moderately deep wat«!r, ((Joode A Mean.)
'ottjiinphiix; loni/iiH, lon^;; itplnn, spine.)

I'lintiuiit loiiiii»jiinU, (ionuE it liKAN, Ocoiiiiic lililliyiiloji.v, '2UH, ll({. 240, 1890, Gulf of
Mexico, at Albatross Station 340a, 28 ' 36' N., 85 ' 33' 30" W., in in fathoms. jjCryiie,
N(i.8!l32;i.)

'2'2'iil. l><»>TI.\rs SIKitltA ((Hlbirt).

Head 2!,; deptli IJ. D. XII, 10; A. III,.">; 1'. IH; lateral lino 25 (tuhes).
I'xidy of moderate depth ; the Hnontsharp ; caudal peduncle slendc r, wedjj«!-
.siiapcd, least depth less than ! head. Eye largo, ociualing snout, I in head.
Mouth hirye, the lower jaw wholly included, the dontigerous portion of
)iromaxillarie8 shutting outside of mandihlo, with a deep notch anteiioily,
wjiich receives tip of mandilde. A strong symphyseal knob. Maxillary
in adults, about roa(diing vertical from posterior border of orbit, nearly
. lenglh of head. Teeth in broad bands on jaws, vomer, :ind palatines.
Intcrurbital space narrow, concave, with a pair of low ridges much diverg-
ing liehind, its width 2J in orlut. Head very rough, the spines com-
|iressed, knife-like, disjjosed in 0 well-delined series, the upper containing
tin* nasal, the conspicuously jirojectiiig preocular, the sni>raocnhir, po.st-
(iiiilar, tyniitanic. occipital, iind nuchal s)dncs; parocciptal ridge contain-
ing a single spine immediately behind orl)it, and I at its postt^rior
rxtromity; the bri<lge across cheek very stnmg, its ridg(i continued for-
ward onto preorbital boue and containing 1 very strong spines; m.irginof
])icorbital with 2 diverging spines; upper spine of preopercle very
strong, in line witli suborbital ridge, with a smaller spine .'it base; [\
ether ])reopercular spines below this, directed downward and backwanl,
the lower nearly oiisolete in adults. No pit on occiput or below front of
(,\o. (»il I rakers short and broad, iibout as highas wide, the long«^st aiiout
I diameter of ])upil, 7 in number <m anterictr limb of arch. Uetrsal spines
weak, very low. the longest ciiualing diameter of orbit, the eleventh .V
this length; soft doisal short iind high, its longest r;iy 2A in head; cau-
(l.il trun<ate, its length e([UJi]ing length of snout .ind eye; anal spines
not very strong, the second slightly longer and stronger than the third,
i(s length eciuiiling length of snout, 1. J iu soft rays; vcrutrals not re;i(b-
ing vent; pectorals with narrow noni»rocumbent liise. tiieir width about
i(|ualing eye, the; rays all simple. 8<'ales large, thin, everywhere ctenoid,
loviuing brciist, cheeks, opereles, top of head, and a part of snout; want-
ing on maxillarics and mandibles; head with simple slcndei' til.uuents,
usually 1 to each spine; eai'h scale of 8i<les with a tVinge of minute liia-
iiieuts around edge. (Jolor. light red, with irregular dark greenish olive
markings on n])pcr balf of sides; a blot»di of sam<^ coloi- below eye, 1
aliove opercular spine, and a few rounded spots on soft dorsal, more

i>tiidM'

H ^

^i ::

1800

Ihdlctin //, l^niticf St(tf(S Natio)ial Mustum.

iiiitnnroiiH on riiiitlal ; lowrr Hiilii of liuiitl wliito; Imcciil ami jjill cnvitiiM
iiiid prritoiiiiiiim Inijiht whiti'. r-cnytli 10 indioH. fiull" of Ciilir«»nii,i,
in miMlorntoly iloop watt-r. (<JillKirt.) (»i«7T«, a waw, in .Spaiiinh.)

,Srof2>n-na iUrra, Cimikht, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Mim. IH'.K), H'.', Qulf of California at Albatro . ,
Stations 3996 and 3011, in iia and 71 fathoms, N. lat. 34" 30' 15", W. long, no' 3'/,
and N. lat. aS*^ 7', W. long, iii"^ 39' 45"-

695. SETARCHES, Julinson.

Setaiehfii. Joiinhon, Prof. Zool. ,So<i. Loml. 1802, 177 iiiiiiithiri).

ItuthjIKvUdUi'H, SlKINliACIINKIl vV, Di'iDEUI.KIN, DoiiHciir. Al<ll(l. \ViH». Wicii 1H84, J";
[aUn'Kceni).

Head anil l»od\ conipiossed ; head scalelcHS above, its honi's cavenmui,
Hat lictweun tbo oyes; only 1 pair of npin»!.s at occiput; no tninsvoi-^i'
groove at occiput, only small Hpines or none altovo orbit; opercle and jiro-
oporcle strongly ai incd with strai^lit, long HpincH. Eye moderate, near,
but not touching, profile. Mouth terminal, broad, somowhat obliipK ;
maxillary extending to ]tostcrior edge of eye, much <'xpand»Hl behiml.
Lower jaw somewhat projecting, the small symphyseal knob received in
rostral notch. Villi form teeth on Jaws, vomer, and palatines. Prcorbitiil
with 2 or 3 spim-s. Operch^ scaly. Scales cycloid, moderate. Lattnil
line a braad, scalelcss groove with skinny (about 27 to 30) tubes. No laci-
nia!. Dorsal deeply notched, with 12 spines, its origin iu front of ]mi -
toral; soft dorsal shorter, the rays fewer than the spines. Anal inserted
under end of dorsal, its spines strong, graduated. Pectoral broad and
bony, with 20 or nu)ro rays, of which a consideraliie number of median
ones are branched. Hranehiostegals (i or 7. Pyloric ai»pendages few.
Deep water. ((Joode &. ISoan.) (Etymology not ohvitms.)

2254. SKTAIKIIES IMIl.MATIS, Coo.lo

Head 2\\ depth about 21. D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 5 or (i; ab<..it 30 tubes in
lateral line, IJody short, somewhat compressed; head somewhat com-
pressed. Intcrorbital area equal to eye. Eye somewhat l»elow protilo.
Ridges on top of head low and inconspicuous; 2 extending to occipnt,
terminating iu low flat spines; 2 short ones over posterior margin "forliit,
ending in spines. Snout as long as orbit. M«uith wide, somewhat obliqnc.
maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of <u"bit, its extreniily
expanded. Lower jaw scarcely projecting, Avithout prominent Ivuob .ii
symphysis. Sides of head li^jhtly armed; 4 slender elongate spines on
preoperclc; spines on opercle small .and inconspicuous; 2 slender spinc>
<ni proorbital, the anterior one toucliing opening of mouth; edge of snii
orbital broadly scalloped with 2 points projecting downward opposite
anterior and posterior margin of orbit. Dorsal insertion in advance it'
the pectoral, lirst spine more than | second, erjual to ninth; second ei|U;il
to seventh; third and fourth equal, a little longer than maxillary, the lin
deeply notched; anal inserted under posterior ]iart of soft doi'sal, last
spine and longest ray equal, as long as soft dorsal; ventral base under

'^HH|8

I ^;

i t

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fis/us of North .Imcrica. 1<S(»1

I'cuiid dorsal Hpiiie; tip not r<-arliiii^ vtiit; ]>oct<iral l>r<iii<l at Imimu, ulou-
iite, Honio of the mcdiaii rays upiiiirfiitly hrumlifd, tho tip uxtdKliiiK
lM>y<>n<l origin ot'iinal, Vuntclustt tnniigin of aiiHl. 8(;al(«s smull, cyclnjil,
1 iicli with Hovoral eoiin-iitric I'mniWH; Moales mi opcnlo, prc<>por<'It<, aixl
>iil>oporclc; licad otherwiHe scalolcHs. Latt-iMl lino broad, Kcalolcss, wltli
skinny tubes, practiraily parailol Nfith doi'Nal outlint>. ((ioodo iV Bean.)
(Iiilf Stream olVcoasts of Rhode iHlaiid .iiid North (.'aioliiia and ofl' wostern
i lorida; also oil' liarbadoH iult;ito20!)fathouiH. {^wrmutux, Hhieldcd, iVoiu
I lie lar^o scaleH.)

Seiarchen parmatnx, (iooDE, Proc. l^S. Nut. Muh. 18S(), 48o, ynniiK simclnien, from the
" Lopholatilus grounds " in the Gulf Stream south of Rhode Island, at Pish Hawk
Station 876, lat. 39" 57' N., long. 70 56' W., in lao fathoms (Type, No. 28084);
GooOE it IJka.N, Hull. MuN. Coiiip. /ool., x. No. .1, '.Ma, 1HH;J; .Ioiiuan iV (In.ltKKT, Syii
op8iH,<WJ, IHHU; (jCntiiku, (Muillfnjjor llcport, x.\ii, 19 1887; OoooE & Bean, Ociuinic
IcIitUyoloh'y, 204, fig. 210,1800.

Family CLXXVII. ANOPL* )I'()MATID.E.
(TiiK Skil-kishks.)

I'liis laniily is clo.sely allied to the Ilvxiuirainmidw, dirt'oriiifj; chielly in
tlie normal <lo\elopmont of the nostrils, which are f(»rnicd as in the Hicor-
jiii ni(1(i; and as in lishcs jiieiu'rally. The two known i^enera dill'er widely
Irom oacli other. IJoth are found in the North racilic.

.VN()1>I,01'0MATIN«:

a. Dornal fiim widely Hoparatcd; nnnl fin with rt HpinoR.

KkiI.KI'UHN.K:
iia, UurHtil liii continuous, deoply notched; iinal without distinct apiuoH.

Anoplopoma, 096.

EKILKPI8, 697.

696. ANOPLOPOMA, Ayres.

Aimidoitoma, Ayues, Troo. Cnl. Ac. Nat. .S(m. 1859, 27 {merlti n;ivii ^= ji iiibriit) .
■''iviiihfocotltis, I'ETEUs, Hi'iliiicr MonatMber. 1872, bW {miliiKinetiii. I'niibria).

IJoily eliiiij^ate, little compressed, tajx'riiig into a very slender eaudal
peduncle; head rather lonj;;, the snout somewhat tapering; mouth ter-
minal, modorato, the lower jaw included; maxillary very narrow, slipping
iihiiost entirely under the preoTbital; teeth moderate, cardiform, those in
(lie lower jaw in a single series laterally, and in a narrow band in front;
ii|>l)er jaw, vomer, aiul jtalatines each with a band of similar teeth; bead
entirely scaly; no supraorbital Hap; preopercle unarmed, its memi)ra-
iiaceous edge erenulate; gill membranes joined to the isthmus; body
entirely covered with minute ctenoid scales; lateral line single; dorsals
Kliort, well separated, the first of slender, llexible spines; second dorsal
shorter, similar to the anal, which is preceded by 3 weak spines; ven-
tials but little behind pectorals; caudal flu forked; ])eritoneum black;
liyL)ric ca»ca about 2, long and slender; gill rakers slender, iavr, not very
wliort; nostrils normal, the posterior well develo])ed. Two species known ;
liirgo fishes, valued as food. (ciVoTrAog, unarmed; nco/ia, oijerculum.)

iJ;,;!.,r-

M

lHrt2 nullvtin /7, I /nitiii StnUs National A fi(S('nm.

liM. AMOPl.OrOMA FINIIItIA (riillus).

(ItRHIloW; OlAI.KIMII; SkII..)

\Uvm\ 31; tlopMi (>. I>. XXI-17; A. Ill, 15; latoriil Uiiu liX>; oyr 7 in
liuu<l; Hiiuiit:(; roiirtli tliiiHiil H|iiuo:H ; loii^ttst tlorHtil my :S| ; lonj^tNt iiii.il
ruylU; iMxtoriit ly'i ; vuutrnlH I'A ; iipiM'i-cuudal IuImi 1 ,'-'„. lUxlv <^1imi^u(*'
littlo (■(iiiiproHHiMl, t!i])oriii^ iiit<» a vrry Nli-ii«lrr Huticvlitiilrinil, niiidul pi-
diiiiclu; iiniiil ratlior liu')|^i-, coiiit-. Moiitli ttuiiiiiiiil, iiio«luriito, th«> lowci
jaw iiicltiilnl; mtixilluiy iiiirrow, rtiarliiiin to lirlow IViiiil of pupil; tr<<tl<
cartliroriii, ill iihxloriilo IiuikIh on jaws, V()iii<>i-, and iiulatJiii's; iiitcrorliitui
over twice us broad iih <yc, vt-ry Nli>;htly coiivrx ; j^ill lakciH iiKKloratr,
Hluiulcr, ti-f-17; IumuI cntiroly Hcaly; liiis nakiMl. I )(irsal.s niiil anal hii;ii
ost ill iVoiil ; origin of NpinuMs tloiNal bt'iiiinl hano nt' poctoruis, iniilwa.N
betwocii tip of Hiioiit and lirist ray of Hoinud tlorHul, tliu fourth spim
iii^litsHt, tiio spiiii-H gradually dcciuu.siiig in l<Mi;;tii posttn'iorly ; Hoft doiNal
HDparatt'd from H|)inonH by u diHtiimo *>i|nal to lt>ngtli ol pt-ctorai; aiiiil
Hiiiiilar to soft dorsal; ])rotoral shar]dy ruiiudod bcliind, rt'uchin;;;slijriit |v
puat tip of uiiul, not halfway to vunt; vcntrals rathor short, iimrrtiil
slij^htly bi'iiind baso of puctorul, not rcatiilng nearly to tips of pc(•toral^;
caudal forlitd. Color slaty black or ^^rayisli, soniuwhat roticulatod; wliiti
below, the youiiK rather palo; adult nearly black; veutruls and anal
colorless, other lins dusky ; caudal edf^ed with pale; lining;' of ojierch^ black.
Usual h'ujfth IS inches, but sonietinies much larger. Mere de8crib((d from
a bpecimeii II inches in length from Monterey. Monterej' to IJnalaska:
rather eoninion, especially northward. A very singular and interostiii-
lish. It is niroly used for food southward, l)eing rather dry and tasteleiss.
About the Straits of Fuca it betonies very fat and is highly appreciated.
{Jimhrhi, friugo.)

(Inihiajimhrla, Tallas, /oogr. KoBMo-AHlat., in, 200, 1811, no exact locality fji veil; prob.ililv

Aleutian Islands.
.iiiiii>lo])<ima iiwrlnnijuH, AviiKS, Troc. Ciil. Ac. Sci. 1859, 27, San Francisco market.
Scoinbrocolfiii .idliiioncun, I'laKKs, liorliii. .MonatHber. 187'J, 509, Vancouver Island.
Anoplojioma Jitnbria, Jokda.n \- Uilueut, Syuojihia, 050, 18«:i.

697. ERILEPIS, (iill,

Krilepin, (lll-L, Srieiict", Jun. 26, 1K94, 54 (zoni/er).

Myrtolcjiin, Lockixo'I'o.n', Proc U. S. Nut. Miih. 1880, 2-18 (zo;ii/(T) j iiuiuo iiroocciiiiied li.\
Mijnolepit, KuEUTu.N, 18(54, a ;;enii.s "f IoskH ||«1ic«.

Hody oblong, somovvhiit compressed. Head heavy. Month modenitc,
the lower.jaw slightly projoeting; both. jaws with bands of sleiub'r, sliurp
teeth, the front teeth slightly enl.iiged; similar teeth on vomer and ]»;il,i
tines; preoperc-le entire; no (hu'mal (laps. Nostrils 2 on e.ieli side, ('ill
rakers short; gill niembiiines very narrowly Joiiie<l to the istliimiM.
.Scales small, ctenoid, everywhere covering the ho:id and liody and tli'
soft parts «if most of the fins. Lateral line single. Dorsal lin deepl)
omarginate, the spines .iliout 15 in number. Anal r.-ither sJiort, withoni
distinct spines. {f-'fJi, an iuteusive jiarticle; Xenis, scale.)

IH

/on/iin (in(f Evtrmann, — Fishes of Notlli . hiurint. lsrt.T

iipprociutetl,

ii>.>r>(t. KItll.KI'IM /OMK^lIt (l.iiikiiiKtiin).

Iloiitl i in total IciiKtIi willi riiiuliil; tU-pMi Uji. I>. XIV-I, !.'>; A. II, ti;

ih'i'ul lino i:tl), lli'iiil <>v«M'\ wlirri^ iIouhcIv Hr:i|\ , tlio onl,\ iiiikrd ureas mi

ill' hoad l)riii;r Mi(« |i|)H Duil till- riildNofthit Kill nuiiuliianfH. ScuIch on liody
iirgi-Ht |iONtiu'i(*rly, siiiall on \u\iu\ aiitl olioHt. Vttrticiil (InH, uxcu|it the

jiiniinH doi'Hal, cnvi-n-tl ihmii'Iv to tlie tlpHol' the lavs witli Hinall HcaleH;

\t«M'nal smluroH of |taire(l liiiH Huiiiljirly hcmIv; H]iin<)ns iIoi'shI willi a few
-I'iiluH. I'ertoral lii'oad, lauei'o'ate, not resK hin;: tlut \tnt; loiirth dorsal
<|)incr lon^eNt, thu oIIioi'h diminishing re^nlaiiy to tlie twull'th. Kyos hit-
ciai, siiurlor than Minmt; Interorldtal Mpaco broad, sliv;litly roiivex; niax-

llary neiiily reaeliiny to below uiiddlu ofitnpil; teeih MJund' r, 8har|i,
ie( iirved, in sev«'ral rows on frout of Jaws, in a winj^lu row at Hides; vomer

Hid palatines with lo'tb; \^\\\ rakers Hhoit; ^ill membrano'^ nnititd,
attaehtid to isthmns oxiept at posterior niar;;in; intcioibital Hlinlitlv vmw-
t(<\; puetoral leaehin^ to btdow base of «du\ enth dorsal spine; \tMitrais
iiiHortod a iittlo btdiind peeloials. MIa<-k above, whitisli below, with I
liroad black bars on the sides, the lirst over the pectorals, the Hoeond ante-
rior t«) tho vont, almost oneirclinf; the body, the third near tho Itase of tln<
iinal, and tho fonrth eucirelin)r tlux-andal pedntude; a black bar at base of
lainlal and 2 across tlie lin; other Tmih blotched and l)ande(l with li^ht
and dark; ctenoid tijta of the scales white. Length a foot. Monterey
Hay, Calfornia; 1 Bpecimen knctwn, tho above acconnt takou from the
type, {zona, zone; /cro, 1 bo.-ir.)

MyriolepU zonl/er, LocKiNOToN, Proc U. S. Nat. >ru«. 1880, 248, Monterey (Coll. W, N.
Lockingtoii) ; JoiiDAN it <in.iii;Rr, Synopsis, (!l'.», \M'i.

Family CJI.XXVIII. IIKXAOUA.MM ID.K.

iveii; i>robnl(l.\

•ooci'iiiiii'd li\

(TlIK (J|{KKNIJN(iS.)

Mody elongate, covered with small scales, which are ctenoid or cycloid;
liead conical. Bcaly, the cranium withont spiiH)us ridges above; preoi)erele
iiHiially more or less armed, sometimes with entire odg«!8; third suborbital
developed as a bony stay articnlating with the jireopercle; month large,
with acnto teeth in the jaws, and nsually on vomer or palatines; nostril
single on each side, the jtosterior opening re«lnced to a minnte pore ; gills 4,
a long slit behind the foiiith; gill membranes se])arate or united, usnally
tree from tho isthiiuis; brancliiostegals <J or 7; psendobrauchia- well devel-
oped. Dorsal lin continnons or divided, the anterior half of many slender
spinca; anal iin long, with or w ithont siiines; ventrals 1, 5, inserted inor»>
nr less behind the jtectorals ; pectorals liroad, nsnally w ith i)rocni'reut base,
ihe lower rays simple, more or loss thickened; lateral line piesont, some-
times several series of pores developed; vertebra' nnmerons; pyloric ca-ca.
Cainivoroiis lishes, mostly of largo si/e, living in kelp and abont rocks in
tho North Pacific; sctmoof them highly valned as food. (JeneratJ, 2 of them
iDiind only in .Japan. The 1 sulifauiilies are each very strongly marked,
and each might without violence bo regarded as typo of a distinct family.
(Trh/lidw Jletirolcpidiiia, tJiiuther, Cat., ii, 90 to 95.)

^T^V^.:

w \^ ^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

21 125

US

■tt l&i ■2.2

£f 1^ 12.0

u

1.25 giu

1 1.6

Photograpiric
Sdences

uarporalioii

23 WIST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80

(716)872-4503

m

iV

6^

6^

«

I

1804

Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

a. DoFHul iliiH contiguous or connitctod.

h. Anal tin very long, its riiys 20 or more.
c. A mil fin without spines.

IlEXAai(AM.MINi«:

d. Gill uieniliranes broadly nnit4'J; mouth moderate, the jaws with an outer
series of stronger teeth, hut no cuiiines.
e. Lateral lines' 4 or more on etuili side.

/. Dorsal tin continuous, ur slightly eniarginate.

I'LEUROOBAMMUS, OOX.

Sf. Dorsal tin with the spin'v-s soparalod from the soft rays by a dec])
notch. Uexaqrammos, Wi.

OrHIODO.NTINiE:

dd. Uill membranes not connected; mouth large, the jaws armed with stroii;:
canines; lateral line single on each side ; scales cycloid ; preopcrclc
armed. Oi'iiioDON, 700.

cc. Anal tin with 3 stout spines.

ZANIOI.EI'imN.K :

(J. Gill uuMubrauos scarcely united; spinous dorsal greatly elevated in front ;
scales very rough. Zaniolepis, 701.

OXYLKBIIN^: :

(jij. Gill menibraues broadly uuited j dorsal spines low, Btift'j head pointed.

OXYLEBIUB, 701'.

698. PLEUROGRAMMUS, Gill.

(Atka Fishe.s.)

Pleurogrammus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 166 {mcnopterygxtit).

This genus differs from IT exagr aminos mainly in the character of the
dorsiil iins, the Jiigh spines being continuous with the soft rays. Scales
ctenoid. Lateral lines 5 on euch side. The single species known is highly
A'alued as a food-lish, its Uosh being rich and tender. (TfAeC/ao*', side;
yijaf.ii.nff, line.)

2257. PLKUItO<atANMI!S NONOPTERYCaUS (Pallas).

(Atka-fish.) t

Head 4 in length of body; depth 4; D. XXI, 25; A. 24; lateral line 210,
pores 143; eye 5 in head; maxillary 2% ; snout 3^; iuterorbital 3J^; highest
dorsal spine If; highest anal ray 2^ ; pectorals 1^; ventialslf ; eaiulal lobe
li; gill rakers 6 + 22. Body rtither stout, little eomi)res8ed; head not
large, the profile rather steep; mouth moderate, below the axis; maxilliir.\
extending to below anterior edge of pupil; jaws 8ubequal,the teeth cardi
form, in rather broad bands on front of jaws, the outer series sliglitly
enlarged, a single row oa sides; teeth on vomer and a few asperites uii
jialatines; interorbital wide and evenly convex. Scales small, ctenoid;
top of head to just in front of nostrils scaled; cheeks and opercles witli
scales; tip of siiout, preorbital, suborbital stay, maxillaries, mandible, and
a space around edge of preopercle naked; scales running up the base of

* Lateral line single in the Japanese genus, Agrammua.

t Commercially known as "Atka mackerel." It is, however, not a mackerel, nor lia.s ii
any resemblance to one.

Jordan and F.vcrmann . — Fishes of North America. 18G5

jiuftoiiils iiud caudal, fins otherwise iiaivi'il. I'ivo lateral lines; the first
lullowiiig the curve of the I)ac1{, riinniu^ iVoui nape to iipiier edgts of caudal
iin, joiniug its fellow of the opposite side in front of dorsal hut not con-
I iintiuued forward, its distance hclow dorsal liu anteriorly erpuil to \ eye;
I Ik; second runniug Ironi upper part of ^iil opening to middle of cantlal
liii; the third running from a point ou sidr, on level with lower edge of
|ifctoral and hetween tips of pectoral and ventral, to the hcgiuning of
posterior fourth of anal base; the fourth from gill opening running Just
iibove base of ventrals to a short distance beyond their tips; the lifth
numing above base of anal to lower ])art of caudal, anteriorly undulating
oil belly and Joiniug its fellow of the opjMJsito side. Just behind bate cf
ventrals, and continuing forward simply between ventrals to throat.
Ciigiu of spinous dorsal above n]»per erd of gill slit continuous with
soft dorsal, no notch between them; first anal ray a little nearer base of
ciiiidal than posterior orbital rim, coterminous with soft ilorsal; pectorals
III oad and short, evenly rounded behind, reac'.iing to below tlui base of the
fourteenth dorsal spine; ventrals inserted behind pectorals a distance
equal to length of snout, their tips reaching Just past tips of i»ectorals, or
f distance to vent; caiulal forked, the lobes about ei|ual. (Jround color
ill life, of male 18 inches long, pale dirty yellowish; head mottled with
darker; anterior part of body with a few large black blotches; side
crossed bj 5 black cross ba'd, tht first, which is narrower and less distinct
lliau the others, extenuing from the twelfth and thirteenth (lorsal spines
(lowuwiird to below middle of pectoral fin; the second, \ inch wide,
extends from the eighteenth to twentieth dorsal spines downward, its
lower end lying under the pectoral, its posterior edge flush witli the tip
ot that fin; the third lies al)out .1 inch farther back and is about ^_ inch
wide, its upper part indistinct and it does not extend so low ou belly as
the second; fourth bar very broad (1^ to 2 inches), broken and irregular
at top but blackest and widest at the bottom, where it stretc lies from the
sixth to the sixteenth anal ray; the fifth and last bar (li inches wide)
lies between the last 5 dorsal and the last 9 anal rays; above, this bar
extends over the caudal peduncle and back almost to the caudal fin; all
these black bars are continued upon the dorsal fin, the fourth and fifth
most plainly; rest of dorsal tin pale yellowish, the margin with a very
murovv black border throughout its entire length, darkest posteriorly;
pectoral reddish at base and above, black below and at tip; veutrals
black, reddish at base; anal black throughout; caudal reddish; lower
parts white. Another specimen of same size had the following colors :
(iiound color pale chrome yellow, area above second lateral line somewhat
(iiisky; bright chrome yellow below second lateral line; vortical bars not
s(> (lark a>i in the other specimen <lescribed ; dorsal fin uniform light orange,
with a very narrow black border beginning ou the membrane between
the lifth and sixth spines and continuing to i)osterior end of fin ; pectoral
clouded orange or amber above, black below tenth ray, paler at base;
axil pale yellow; anal black, a little lemon at base in front and between
lirteenth and eighteenth rays; veutrals black, yellow at base; caudal
light orange; branchiostegal membranes white aiul pale lemon, a little
3030 40

■^TTi^'T'^^^^^^-^ " "^^ 'ws^T'- f!.-7T '•w^''^.7^i?^^ww'^y|i^7'r'^^»fc7^y'j:^*;"^^^^'»?!^

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18CC niilldin 47, United States National Afuseum.

\f

u

H

<liiHky on ontor piirts. BohmIob these 2 patterns of coloration, of wliicli
tbe tii'Ht is the more conimoii, some individuals are dirly gray with Mh'
l>ar.s not well delinud. North Paritic; abundant about certain of tlic
Alentiiiu Islunds, particularly Atka and Attu,ruthor rare at Unalaaku aini
about the I'ribilof TslandH, but erratic in its movements, r!inp;ing east t<i
Helkofski ; found in the kel)» in '^ to 40 fathoms in spring and early suMimcr,
when it can bo readily caugh*/ by jigging. It reaches a length of 18 inches
or more and a weight of 'S to 4 pounds. A most beautiful fish of oxccUoni
food <|Uulitios, especially excellent when salted; destined to beccune nf
commercial im])ortanco. Here descrilicd from numerous specimens talvcn
at Attu Island, May 28, 1892 (Coll. Evermanuj. {jnoyu^, one; ure/jvyioi ,
fin.)
Labrax monoptenjgivs, Pallas, Mem. Aond. Sci. Potorsb., ii, ilUl, pi. 23, lig. 1, inm,

Unalaska; Pau.as, /oogr. KoHso-AHiat., ni,28t, 1811.
Cliirus nionuptfri/ijlu*, OCinther, Out., u, !)2, 1800.

Ilexa(intmm\t»miiHi)j)ter\iijiuii, Jordan &. (iii.iiKH'i. Syiutps's, 042, 1883.
rieurvjrammiti monoi>tenj(]ius, Tukneh, Coutr. Kat. Iliat. Alaska, n, DO, 188C.

699. HEXAGRAMMOS (Stellei ) Tilesius.
(KocK Tuout; OniCENUNiis.)

Dodeeagrammos, Steli.ku, m Kraiheiiiiiiiikol', Keine in Kamcliatka, 175, 1750 (noiibino-

luial).
Jlexagrammos, Stelleh MS.

Hexagrammos, Tii.Esius, .\ct. Acad. Petrop., n. 335, 1809 (utper).
Labrax (Stellek MS.) Pai.las, M<jni. Acml. Petersb., n, 382, 1810 (lagocephalus).
/yc6ti/»(STELLEii M.S.) Pallas, Zoographia Uo.sso-Asiat., in, 279, 1811 {. nperciliosiit).
Chiru8 (Stellkk MS.) Pallas, ZoograjiUia Ko.s8o-A8mt., in, 279, 1811 {tuperciliositv).
ChiruB, CuviEU, Regno Anim., Ed. n, vol. 2, 249, 1829 {svpereUicsus) .
Chirupnis, GiKAKD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., x, FisheH, 42, Id.'iS {constellatiis).
Oetogrammtis, Uleekeu, V'orsl. Ak. Amat., vi, 1370,1874 (octogrummun).
GrammatopleuruK, (Jn^L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliil. 1801, 166 (lagocephalt^t).
Acantholebitn, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbil. 18C1, 166 (nebulosus; specimen witli tlic suit

dursal in^jiired, tbe number of spines apparently increased).

Body oblong, somewhat compressed. Head subconical, blunt in prolile.
Mouth rather small, horizontal; jaws with bands of motlerate sized, cdiii-
cal teeth, the outer row enlarged; teeth on vomer, and usually but not
always, a aniall patcli on the palatines; preopercle unarmed; a friii;;e(l
supraorbital cirrus, large or small; gill membranes broadly connected,
free from the isthmus; gill rakers short, tubercle-like. Scales sni;ill,
mostly ctenoid, sometimes partly or wholly cycloid; head more or l^s
scaly, without spines; nostril simple, round, with a pore behind it.
Lateral lines usually 5 on each side. Dorsal fiu long, with a deep eiiiar-
gination between the spines and the .soft rays; dorsal spines sleiidtr,
19 to 22 in number; anal fin elongate, with a single rudimentary .*<pine;
rays of pectorals and anal exserted and almost simple; pectoral rounded,
with broad, procurrent base, the rays thick; vcntrals well develdjxd.
placed at a considerable distance behind the root of the ]>ectorals;
caudal subtruncate. Branchiostegals 6. Pyloric ciuca numerous (about

hf"'!.

• iX:,,;.-.

Jordan and F.vcrniann, — Fishes of North America. 18G7

750 (noiibiiKi-

Iwitli the suit

\\\). No air bliuMer. Specica of riitbcr lurji*^ si/o iiud bright coloration;
aliiimlant in thoNorlli I'acitic on hotli shorcn, extcndiiijj southward Ironi
liorlug Soa. (f|, six ; ypann)), lino.)

(t. ('lii)okH iiihI operchis t'lilly iiivcHtoil wllli cycloid Kcalcs, incliu'iii;; (ircii ovcrlyiiiy;

Hul)()rbitul Htiiv. Twu imirH of iitniicoiiH tliijis uii IicmiI.

DEC'AlillAMMrs, 2*J5«.

a((. Chttoka not fully scaled, at least tlio arcii over niiborbital stay iiiiki;<l. No flap on
()c<^i|iiit.
b. Fourth lino of porcH forking i-i ndvanco of hitnK of vcntra'.H, tlio lower lirancli
running to base of anal fin. (icnxiKAMMrH, 2259.

hb. Fc'irtb line of pores siniplt passing close to ventral tin.

c. {IbeeUs and oporcles largely naked, a i)ateh of scales on upper portions
of cbet^k and oporcles, and a small i)Mtcli sometimes |iresenl on niid-
dlo of cheek. s l IXl.KKl, 22G0.

ec. (Mieeks and operdos largely scaled, tlio siiliocular ring, the region over-
lying the suborbital stay, and th(< inloropercin alone naked.
(/. Supraorbital (lap long and slender, densc^ly fringed, its length about
equal to tlie vertical diameter of orbit; scales largely smooth
posteriorly in tlio adult. sii'KRcii.io.xt 8, 2201.

dd. Supraorbital flap small, little if at alllonger than diameter of pupil.
e. Caudal very broad, the posterior margin convex even in tin;
closed fln; scales smooth in adult. l.Aiiucioi'iiALi'S, 2"C2.
ce. Caudal narrower than in //. layoa'phnliis, the jxisterior edge
emarginate vlien fln is closed. .Scales smaller than in
any other speviea, thuso ou sides of head and br)>ast
minute, nearly uniform, less than \ the sixo of those ou
sides of body ; 11 or 12 scales in an obliciue series between
second and third lines; scabs on mid-ventral region
breast, prepectoral area, and sides of head, smooth, all
others strongly ctenoid throughout life; tirst lateral lino
extending beyond middle of second dorsal; fourth line
short, not reaching t'ps of ventrals; littli lino forking
behind middle of ventrals. Kye large, 4i in head.
Supraorbital tentacle very small. Anterior teeth in Jaws
much enlai-g«'d, eani-ie-like. Palatines toothless. Fin
membranes thin. Do sal low, less deeply notched than
usual. Color brown, blotched and barred with darker,
many of the scales »'acli with a silvery spot; no radiating
streaks about eye; black blotches ou dcrsal tin corre-
sponding to a similar number on ba(;k along base of dor-
sal. 1). XX, 23; A. 21. Size small. Known only from
Japan. ii. otakh.*

•2>2o8. HKXAtiUAMMOS DRCUaUNMUS (Pallas).

(UOCK TROUT; BOUEOAT; BODIKKON.)

Head II, ; depth 4. D. XXI, 2i; A. I, 23; scahs 112. Hody elevated at
tlie shoulders, uescendinji rather steeply at the nape ; maxillary not reach-
iui; middle of eye; a very few teeth on front of palatines; supraocular
Ha]! smaller than in other species, shorter than pupil. Cheeks and opercles
entirely scaled ; scales on the body all strongly ctenoid. Snout, jaws, pre-
orbital, interoperclo, and adjacent portion of preopercle scaleless; breast

' llexagrammtii otnkii, Jobdan & Stabks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 800, Yokohama.
(Coll. Koinosuke Otaki.)

mBS^'^FW

if.

:At

IV

Is

I 1

1!

a

•1

I?

E s«^

18(58 liiillctin //, ^ '////<(/ States National Museum,

uiul proimctoral aicii wiMi cycloitl scilcs, imicli less tbiui A tlic si/c oi
tl<()H*> on siileH; snileH MlHowlu-rr rtniDiil; 10 or 11 hcmIch in an (dtliiim
Heries luitwci'ii lateral lino and tho ono above it; nppornioft lat«!ral lini
lorkinj; <»u th« uajje, tlie l)ranclH'8 fuiininjj; tn oitpusitc tli« niiddlo of tin:
second dorsal; the second lateral lino to npjter edyo of tail; the tliirtl lo
middle ot tail; the nnbrancliod fourth to a little heyond the middle di
anal; the fifth lo lower ed^^e of tail; the fourth hejiinning near the lowi r
odgo of the jieetorals and undulatinj;' opjtosite the ventrals, the lowerniusi
on each side Joining just in fntnt of the vent, and proci'edin<;' on the
median line to the middle of the breast. Pectorals and ventrals lar^ic;
caudal sliH;htly oniar^inute; membranes of soft dorsal and caudal dense] v
scaled for more than A heij^bt of fin. Two pairs of cutaneous (laps (ui
head, \\\i' usual supraocular pair, less than .^ diameter of pupil, and ,i
much snuiller occipital j)air which is present in noother B|)ccies; dors.il
hijib, deeply notched; caudal emarj^iuate when dosed, slij^htly convex
Avbeii widely spread. Adults briuhtly ccdored, the males with larye sky-
idue spots, the females with smaller red or orauf^e spots. Young sometimes
plain brown, Avith dark ])lain humeral spot. Males clear l>rownish olive
of varying shade, often tinged with bluish or cop]>ery and vaguely Idotebcil.
often with small blue sjtots; head and anterior part of body with ratliii
large sky-blue spots, each surrounded by a rusty ring, tliese smaller and
more numerous on the top of the head; lips with bluish spots; upper lius
brown, mottled; ventrals and anal dusky bluish; i)eetoraiS dark, boili
rays and membranes crossed liy sharply defined whitish reticulations, si.
that the iins appear to be profusely spotted Avith white. Females brownish,
someAvhat tinged with reddish, closely covered Avilh round spots of a nil
dish brown; these siH)t8 usually quite small and unif(uin over the ^vlioi,.
back and sides; dorsal lin spotted on the scalj' part, the tins otherwise
plain reddish or bluish, tlio ventrals usually dusky ; pectorals light oraii^v,
Avithontmarkiugs. Other females ("wi«CH?os«T(a/H.s'"') have the ground cnloi
slaty blue, Avith roAvs of ro\iud orange si)ots considerably larger than usual.
and becoming A'ermieulat ions on the head; dorsal Jin orange, clouded at
base Avith blue; soft dorsal edged Avith bluish: pectorals plain oranue:
belly Avhite. These vary into the ordinary (ype. Both types Avere found in
abundance ut Sitka,. Length 18 inches. North I'acilic; abundant Irom
Point Concepcion to Kadiak Island, Alaska; esi)ecially about San Fran-
cisco, a common food-lish; tht; sexes very unlike, the fenuilea varying nun li
iu color; the males very uniform. (St^a, ten; yfiani.ii}, line.)

Lahrax dceagramvius, Pallas, Mom. Ac. I'eter8b., n, 380, pi. 22, tig. 2, foniale, ISlii, St.

Elias Bay (Coll. Joseph BilliiigH) ; Pallas, Zoogr. Itosso-Asiat., hi, 278, 1811.
Chinm (juttatus, Gujahd, Proc. Ac. Xat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 132, female, San Francisco.

(Typos, No8. 269, 270. Coll. Dr. Uecruiaun, aud Lieut. Trowbridge; No. 271, Astoria,

Oregon. Coll. Lieut. Trowbridge).
Gryttex lineatus, Ayues, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., i, 1854, 9, San Francisco. (Coll. W. n.

Ay res.)
Chiropsis constellatus, GntABi), U. .S. Pac. R. It. Surv., X, Fish., 42, 1858, male, San Francisco.

(Types, Nos. 263, 264, 205, U. S. Nat. Mas. Coll. l)r. Keuuedy, Ur. llecrmanu, and Lieut

TroAvbrldgc.)
Chinai viaculoseriatim, Lockinoton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua., 1880, 55, San Francisco, t'fuiali"

with large spote. (Coil. Lookiugtou.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1S({'.)

;isco, IVuiali'

r iiioimixuultatiis, (liUAiii), l'. S. Piie. U, K. Siirv., x. Kish.. I», I85P,

( ! ii-ux ili'faijramiini», (il'NTiii'.u, (Jut., II, 02, \>^W.

( hiis c.oniilell(itu.i, (ilNTIIKlt, ('at., II, !»2, IHflO.

!!■ xaijraminitu decagrammus, Jordan & (iiLiiKUT, SvuojihIh, 045, 1883.

■.>'.>.'><>. IIK\A(iltANMOS OrrOiJItAM^rs (IVillils).
(Alaska (iitEENKisii.)

I). XIX, 2R; A. 21; I', lil. Kody liiiMM'nliito; licail conic. comiMTwsod ;
•.noiitohtiiHc. tho iippcrjaw \\w loiij^er; «j.vas liir<;c ; <;ill nmiiihriiiic notduMl;
ilio vertex iind oporcleH liiiely Hciily; scuIoh <m l.odv iimdiTiitc, vmy luiiy;!!
ii> in llrxotiramiiioH xleUcri. Horsiil subcontimu»iiH. Liiteral lines I, tlio
tiist, iind second iilonjj the back ])anillel with the nudiim later.-il line
Irnin lieiid; the lir.st chain-like; tiie sucoinl consjticnoiis, disa|)peiii'iii^
ii(';ir end of soft dorsal; the third from };ill opening ondin<r opptmite the
iiiiildlo ol' caudal tin; tlm other from throat to candal .joinin;; its t'ellow of
tiic opposite side and running simple forward to throat. Hody yellow-
ish l)eh)W, above and on dorsal with many dark spots; back snbcdiva-
ci'ons; (irst dorsal reddish, second with dark spots; pectoral translucent;
vciitrals tipped with black. Found around Kamchatka in the Bay of
Avatcha, and the port of St. Teter and I'anl, and not less abundant
around the Aleutian Islands; called 'Drpiiyh (file) on a«'connt of the
loiijjfliness of its scales; called in Aleutian Idfi ijok. Collected by D. Merk.
(Pallas.) I>r. Gilbert has tln^ followin<j notes on tins si)ecies: "This
species is closely related to //. alelhri, ditl'eriiij; conspicuously in shajte,
ciilor, and fin formula'. //. utelteri is very slender in shajte, tapering rap-
idly from bidow fr(mt of sjiinous dors.'il backward to the very sleixler
cniidal peduncle. In If. oclofiratiimHn the depth is {jreater and diminishes
very slowly backward, the body taperinj; {gradually into a high eom-
l»rcssed caudal peduncle. The vertical height of tlie latter equals dis-
tance from the tip of snout to the middle or beyond middle of eye in IF.
ml )iirammii>i, while the same measurement is less than length of snout in
//. slalleri. .In //. octogtammnH the snont is sliorter and nu)ro bluntly
rounded, the eye is smaller, the month smaller, and the check shorter and
wilier. The squaniation is also more complete, the cheek being entirely
invested, except for the area immediately overlying the suborbital stay.
((iiibert.) The following notes ar»' taken from specimens recently col-
Icrted: Fourth line of p<»res forking in advance of base of ventrals, the
lower branch running to base of anal fin, where it ends, the upper branch
usually short, ending opjxtsite middle of ventrals, rarely longer. Second
lino reaching middh^ of st^cond dorsal. Scales very roughly ctenoid,
except on breast, prcpectoral region, and sides of head; 7 or S scales in
nil <>bli(|ue series between median lateral line and the one above it. Lower
line forked in front of middle of ventral fin. Caudal densely covered with
comparatively large scales to behind middle of l:u, the scales in single
scriof except on middle rays. Supraorbital llaj) large, coarsely fringed,
c(|iialing or exceeding vortical diameter of eye. Eye very small, Tyl in
licad in adults, ('aiidal peduncde deep, its depth greater than length of
snout; the caudal lin very broad, rounded behind, even when, the fin is
closed. Dorsals deeply nftehed. Adults usually deep browu^ with black-

.;i , I,

1870 nulldiu ,/7, United Sfatcs National Museum,

m

ift '^

Wx \

If •

IhIi mottlinfjH ami iiioro or Iohh (listinct traccH of rndinting Htronks around
tlic ryo, and a round, diiHky, liuiiioral Hpot. Yoniifjer individuals iiiv
nt'tt-n liglifcer, roseuiblinj; //. ateUeri, witli sniall silvery wpots on sidt'H, nml
reddiHli finH, oftm Hhowiug very conHjiicuonHly tin? 7 V-shaped or <|uatl
riitn Macklsh Mutclies at base of dorsal fin, and 5 black r. dii diverginj;
from eye. The anal (in is nsually black in adults, but often shows obli(|iii
cross biinds in the young. This species as now tinderstood is found anion.;
th(t Aleutian Islands and westward to Kiinichatka. It is abundant about
Unalaska and was obtained by Dr. Stejnegor at I'etropaulski. The com
nionost shore fonn * of the genus in Uering Sea. Si)eciniens were taUcn
iit Tnalaska, Tctropanlski, Itobben Island, and Iturnp Island, (own.',
eight; ;'p(r;////A lino.)

Lrthrax (ictofiramvius. 1'AI.I..»8, Zoogr. ]{oaflo-AHiaf., ui, 'J8;t, 1811, Kamchatka, Petro-

paulski mill Avatcha Bay. (Coll. ^Icrk.)
(^hinis onliii(ilv».\ Con;, I'roc. Amor, riiilos. Soc. I'lilla. 187:1, 28, Unalaska. (Coll. rinf

(lOo. Dnvi(lBoii).
nptorirammvs pallasi, Hi.rkkkr, Voral. Ak. Ani8t.,vi, 1370; after Pallas.
Cliinis octogramiiiv*. {iiNTiiEii, Cut., n, 02, 1800.
Hexagiammiia oidinatut, Jordan & (tU.UBi<T, S.vno]>.si8 G42, 1883.

* Tills specioahns bocii currently known ns //. ordinatvs. AVe make tlio itlontiticiitioii with
octojiranimuii for tlin foUuwiiig roiiMons; («) It occurs abnnilantly at the type locality Inr
oeto'i)rammus, and so closely resenildes //. asper as to often ri'<|iiirc close scrutiDy to i-fpn-
rate the two simcies. Acu'ording to I'allas, oetogrammv* and asper axe not conHidficil
distinct by the natives, and weie even confounded hy StcUcr. (h) Octogravimii* in s.iid
to he ahiii'idant tliroiiifhoiit the Kiiinchalkan region and the Aleutian Islands. Yet ii ikiI
ordinatus it \aiioi to he identilled with any knowu spocicb, and must havi* escaped tin'
notice of all recent collectors, (c) (Moi/rpmrnvs is described as having 19 dorsal s|iiiiis
and 24 anal rays. This is the usual ''oriiiiila for ordinatus, while no other 8i»t'cie> is
known to have as few as 19 spines. The only important element in the descnption ol
octogra tinmis y^hich fails to apply to ordinatus is the H(|iiamation of the checks. Oiio
(irammvn is said to have the siibocular laniella niiniuely scaled, while in all sjici ns
except //.(fecai/rai<nfn<,« the suborbital ring, as well as the suborbital stay, is sciiirlcsH.
Tlic iiresent species shows some variation in the squaniation of the operdes. The lower
]tortion of subo]ierclo is usually naked in our s]i')ciniens, but is iu some of them ciuii'
■[•letely scaled. There may be exceptionally a few scales on adjacent edge of interopuriK',
iVe append tin counts iu 11 specimens :

V

Ii ;i

?!: j ^t.

1).

A.

r.

Locality.

XIX, 22

23

18

Shana Uav, Itiirup Island.

! XIX, 2;»

24

19

Do.

XIX, 23

24

10

Do.

XIX, 23

24

10

Do.

XIX, 23

24

20

Do.

XIX, 23

25

10

Do.

XX, 22

24

10

Do.

XX, 23

24

10

Do.

XIX, 23

24

18

Petropaiilski.

XIX, 24

24

18

Do.

XIX, 24

24

19

Do.

XIX, 24

25

18

Do.

XX, 23

23

18

Do.

XX, 23

23

20

Do.

f The following is the substance of Cope's doscrlption of O. ordinatus:

iload4^; deptli4: eye 5 in head, 1^ in snout, 1} iu intc.rorbital space; D. XIX, 24: A

26, C 17; P. 18; scales 13-04-34; brancliio.stegals 6. Dorsal tins not very elevated, cmi-

tinuous, but well notched at point of union of the two; a dentate Hap above each eve;

lateral lines of pores 5, only 3 of which extend to the basis of the caudal tin, vi/.. Ilie

Jordan and /Cvcunann. — Fishes of Not! h Anurica. 1871

i'lm. lli;XA<a(AMM(»H STKLLKKI, TiluHiuH.

((■KKKNMNd.)

lUnul lljj; .lopfch Ij^. 1). X,\III (XXII to XXV), 19 to 21; A. 23 or 24;
scaloH 110. Form riithor Hl»ii<li;r. Maxillary ruurhin^ past front of cyo,
iiliout t<» i>iipil. No te<tlj oil itiilatiufH. Siah-H all stroii^jly rt(!iioi<l, cxropt
I'll Hi<li!H of liua<l ; clicokH ami opcrrluH largely iiaU*'<l, a pati-li of hi-u1<'h on
iipp«!r portioiiH of cliook and oporcluH, aii<l a small patcii Honictinu's prcH-
< lit on mitldlo of idicok. First and fniirlii latural Hiiuh very short, varia-
lilt), the fii'Ht randy rxtondiiifr boyoiid mitldht of spinous dorsal, tlH> fourth
In iiiiddlo of voiitrals, rarely hoyond; lower lino forked in front of niid-
(lloof vontrals. Caudal I'm narrow, eiiiarj^inato when closed, loss densely
scaled than in other speeies, the Heales larji[e, in single series; (Mimmonly it
SI ales in nuohliqneHerics hetween median line and the ono ahttve it; seales
on HideH of head, breast, and propcctoral area Hinootli, elsewhere stroiifirly
ilenoid. Dorsal fins l(^ss deeply notched; caudal podnncle narrow, the
ili'pth less than leii;;th of snout. Hnpraoeiilar llap Rinall, shorter than
iliameter of pupil. Color in varying shades of gray and brown or light
nddish, blotclied, marbled, or barred withdn.^ky, and nsnally with numer-
ous round silvery spots nearly as large as pupil. In brightly marked speei-
iiK^ns there is a series of (inadrate <lusky blctehcs along base of dorsal tin,
continued on base )f tin, iniieh as in //. octoiiiainmiia. Like the latter, there
iiio radiating dark streaks arouiul the eye, of which the 2 anterior are
I lie most conspicuous and permanent; no humeral spot. North Pacific *

sci'iiiid, tliird, nnd fifth; tho first i-xtoiida to opposite tlio luidillo of the serond dnrsii! : (li«
liiiirtli coiiiiiiciicoM heh>\v mid in front of tho basiM of tho pectoral, nnd oxtonds to a point
!i little behind that measurrd by tho extremity of that tin; tho iuft-rior serit'H of opposite
siilcs converge and unite a little behind the'bnsis of the ventralH into a singh) median
line, which extends to tne branchiostegal fold. The scales are elon<;ate. and nearly
tnincati distally; on the sides they are in oblique series, but near the dorsal liu from'li
III 5 rows exhibit scales superposed vertically. General coh)r pale orange, witli ill-detiued
l)lacl<ish shade on the sides, and 7 qiiadr.ite blackish spots at the base of the dorsal Hii-,
Ih'Idw bright yellow; dorsal and caudal tin yeUowisli at base, margins with a liroad black-
Uh liand; !) black 8|iots on the middle of tlie first, and 4 on the midtlle of th(^ second dorsal
llii: anal yellow, with 7 idackish Idotchcs extending anteriorly across tho rays; pectoral
Mallow, with brown bjujIs on tho rays nnd a black one nt the" base in front;' eye with 5
lilackish radii, diverging, 2 anteriorly, I upward and backward, 1 backward, and 1 down-
ward and backward. Length 14 inches.

* Dr. Gilbert lulds the followiDg notes on Alaska specimens :

" Vonng individunls were dredged In Inrgo nuinbers in tlio shnllow waters of Bristol
I'ay, nt depths of from 4^ to 14} fathoms. Seining |>arties brought it in but once, a single
young individual, and 1 adalt a]>pearing at Unnlnska among tlie i>revalent llexaaramvios
iif.tiHjranimuit. Tlie largest indivitliinls di'edged mitasiire about 125 mm.; the adult from
I'nalnska 345 mm. in length. The, characters of the species seem very constant. Tho
ilnrsal varies from XXIIIi 1!) to XXIV, 21 ; the anal from 2H to 24. In "lO specimens the
ilipisal formula runs as follows: XXIII,!'.); XXIII,19; XXIII, 20; XXI1I.20 ; XXIII,
lid: XX I IT, 20; XXIII, 20;XXIII, 20; XXIII, 20; XXIII, 21; XXIII, 21 ; XXIII, 21 : XXIII
'1\\ -XXIV, 20; XXIV, 2il; XXIV, 20. The anal fin shows the following counts in 12
sjiecimens: 23, 23, 23,23, 23,23,24,24,24,24,24,24. The body in the young is much more
slender than in ll.octnijrammut, is ligliter in ccdor, and lacks the round humeral spot jires-
ciitiii the latter. The'suprnociilar flap is somewhat smaller, the cheek more extensively
naked, the eye larger, and the mucous canal system less strongly developed. The snout,
dii'cks, opercles, and lower side of head are naked, with the exception ot a patch of siiiall
loosely imbricated scales, on the upper posterior part of cheek and the iijiper third of oner-
clcs. The dorsal line of jiores is very inconspicuous, and terminates in front of the iniildle
iif spinous dorsal. In none of onr specimens are there traces of a line of pores on middle of
sides. The species can bo distinguished at once from all others by the slender caudal
pciliinclo, f he shallow notch between tlorsals, the fin formiihe, tho short upper line of pores,
wliicli ends under anterior half of spinous dorsal, the largely naked checks and opercles, the
siitiplu uubrauchcU fourth lateral line, uud the extreme ruughuess of the scales."

iiPPIF

\i, i

8

!

I *

1' ' ' ■

fil » » ■. ■

«[ 1

I'l : ■' ■

»t ?■ f ;'i'\ '*'

HMHA^b^;

liHiK£^

'I?

187'J Bulhli)! /-, 1 'tilled Slatix Xational }fusvui)i.

fi'oin Kainchatku' iiiul I iiiiljiskii t«> Han I'l'iuurirn'o; uliiiiiiliiiil in riiKd
Soiintl, hnt rutliur raro anions tliu Aleutian iHlandH, and Hrarucly Umiwn
Honth of (,'apo Moudocino; orroni-oiiHly rfcoidcd from .lapan, wliiTo //»x«
tinimnKni olnkii, Jordan A StitrUH, lian Ixm-u uiJHlakun ibr it. (Naniotl for
Oooi-fr Willitdn Sti-llor, tlio indtd'aM<ral>lr natiiraliHt of Itciin^'a voyu^ri^.

Ilixaiirammon uliUfri, Tli-Kxiim, M«iii. Acail. St. IVIcrMh., it, ;i;i5, IHOP, Kamchatka, (fjnll.

SIcll.r.)
lh:rii<)riiiniiios imin r (Htki.I.F.ii, MS.) TiLKHirK, M<'in. Ariid. St. IVttrslf., II, 1810, ;140, pi. l.,,

Kamchatka. (Coll. Stiller.)
Liihrax iU'lhii, I'.U.I.AS, Mi'iii. Ara.l. St. IVtcrnli., ll. ;iO,'i, 1810.
I,iihi(ij- lifXiiijidiiiiiniK, r.M.I.As, Mini. Aiail. SI. IVtcitib., ll, ISIO, 3!ir), |il. L'.l, (Ig, n, Petro-

paulski, Kamchatka . I'.U.LAs, /o(i;,'r. Iti>«.s(>..VHiiit., Ill, 2h4, IHll.
(Uiiroiinin ni-hiilomis, (tiUAliD, I J. S. I'ac. |{. K, Siirv., .\, I-'IhIii-h, 15, 1858, Puget Sound and .it

Fort Steilacoo.n. (("(ill. Pr. Sucklny.)
€liiiuiitti;iraiitiiiiiii. ('i)i'i;, Proc. .Vnicr. Plillog. Sue Pliiln. 1873, 29, Unalaska.
Liihrax lieraiiraiiivnin, 'I'KMMHyiK \ Scili.iKiKi., Kiiiiiia Japonica. 53, |il. 23, 1647; not ui'

Pai.las.
Cliiriiiihexdgritmmuii. (JPNTIIEU, Cat. FIhIicu Mrit. Mus., ii. !M i in part.
Hf.raijraminus aspcr, Stkinha* ii.seh, Moitr. Ki.sclio JapaiLs, iv, lO; not of Stelleh.
llhininhrjaiffamtinin, (il'.NTiiKli, Cat., 11,01, 1800.
Vtiinm iirhiilosii.1, (irNTllKli, Cat., II, 03, 1800.
.( mnlhiiMiiiiH iithiilosiia, (} ii.i,, Proc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. Tliila. 1801, 100.
Uexatiiainmuthexiijirammus, JoiiUAN &. Evkuma.sn, ClieikIJnt Fishes, 434, 1800.

!i'.>Ol. IIKVA<JltA.>I.MON SI PKIM'IMOMIS (Pallas).

(UE1> liOCK THOtTT.)

Iload 4; depth 3L D. XX, 23; A. 22; scales 107. Hody ratluT rohuHl ;
Hn]iraor1iital llaji loii"- aiulHlunder, densely lrin<ft'd, its Icnjjth altont tM|iiaI-
ing vortical diiimotcr of orl>it. Scales iiio.ntly cyclcid, a Itaiid of ctoiwiid
Hcales often i>r:>8ont on postaxial lojiion; 8 or 9 scales in an obiiiiiic
series between second and third rows of ]»ore8. A small patch of toclli
often present on front of palatines. First and fourth lateral linos loii^'.
usually roachiiij? beyond the iniddhs of soft dorsal and anal; caudal very
broad, rounded posteriorly, even when fin is closed, the membranes coveicil
basallv with small scales, tho.se on lucdian membranes in several Horics;
dorsals very deeply notched. Colors usually bright, but varying throiiuli
green, brown, and bright rod, usually dark green with largo round ifd
spots, but extremely variable and sometimes finely mottled. Heriiii;

* Dr. Jordan has the following note.>< on tliis species :

"Two H)>ecimenH from Potropnulski; 1 yoiini' example from Fnnlnska. This sppcics
8('cni8 iiiiich le.ss abiintlant alouy the Hliores of Bering Sea than Jl. nctoiirammiis {ni'diiiii-
tiiS). The Petropanlski sipecitnens give the following data: Donsal XXll, 21 ; XXI 1 1, 'Jd;
iiiinl 23, 24; pectoral 20. Cheek HcalvMl above .md behind the suburbital Htay, naked in
front of and including the stay, except for a small patch of scales immediately bidow iln'
Htay, present in 1 sjiecinien. Interopercle, Hubopercle, and opercle naked, except foramiiill
patch of scales on upper partof the latter. Upper lateral line oudingundor seccmd or foiii i!i
spine in 1 specimen, under tenth or twelltli spine in the other; the fourth extiiids
barely to base of ventralsin 1 specimen, to opposite end of basal fifth of veiitrals in the oi Iut.
There are 7, 8, or 9 s(;aIos in an oblique series between second and third lines, counted nciir
middle of body. The lowermost line forks at a point slightly nearer base than tip of viii-
trals, its distance from ventrals loss than J its distance from vent. Ventrals poiiiiid,
extending beyond pectorals and more than halfway to front of anal. The crmdal tin in
strongly omaririnate when closed, beccmiing truncate when spread. It is scaled on Ici.'^al
lialf onl V. Color as usual in the species, the lii;ht spots on sides numerous, about as largi' a.s
pupil; n:is bright reddish or orange, especially on basal half."

Jordan ami ICverinann, — Fishes of North America. 1S7.'^

Ifi47; not i.r

Isliiiid to Monterey; not riiro; bocoininfr more foniinoii nortlnviinl; ii very
sliovvy Hp«M'i«!H. oxtrt'iiH-ly viirjalilo in (lolor. hr, (Jilhert obHcrvcH that tlio
H|)nrii>H JH alnindiint in rnalatku. Ho Htattm that tho pati-h of pahitine
Ifotli In an iinrulialth' cliaiactor, as f* H|ic<-ini«>iiM out of tlio H oxaiiiiiiod do
not oxhihit it. 'V\w HpocicH is woll diHtin^iiishod hy tlio dc)ith of tho dor-
Hal notch, tho comparative HnuiotlincHN of the H<ah>s, ami tho lar^o hI/o of
the HM]>raociilui' tiap. Tlic ii|>por lino of ])or«>s oxtends well hack nndor
ham> of Hoft dorsal, ami tho fourth line in iinhranchcd. Tho nidoH of thn
head aro H(;ah>d, oxce|)tin^ tho re;iion over suhorhital stay, the snout, and
the int«!ro)»ore!e. {miiicrcUhmiis, pertainiii;; to tho »'yel»ro\v.)

I.ahrax nvjittfiliiiniM, I'Al.l.AS, Mcin. Aiad. St. I'etfiNli., n, IISH, 1«10, Unalaaka (Coll,

JiMOpli ltilliii);s) : PAi.r.AS, /iio^r. Uhmmo AHiiit., Ml, 'J7'.), 1811.
ri,i,ii»i /lictiit, (■iHAiiD, Pror. Ac. Niit..S«i. I'liila. ISVt, 1.12, San Francisco (Coll. Drs. Herr-

iimiin lUid NewbiTiy), Humboldt Bay ((JoU. M-Mit. TrowbriduO ; OO.NTiihU, (Jut., n,

!i;l, IHtiO; liOUKINOTON, I'riir. l'..S. Nut. MlUS. IHgO, r)4.

chiiimhalutK, ('()|>E, I'i'DC, Aiiicr. IMiIIoh. Soc. I'hila. 18711, 28, Captains Harbor, Unalaska.

(Coll. I'rof. Oo(irjrt< Diividson.)
tlixthirammut ncalx r,* IIkan, I'roc. I'. .S. \at. Mas. 1881, 1">4, Amchitka, Unalaska (Tyjie,

\<t. 27920. Ooll. lUiiin) ; .Ioudan .V. ^iiuiiciir, Syni»imiH, U41), 1883.
Chiiwrn* jnctus, (;iHAUi), U. S. I'nc. U. li. Siirv., x, Finlii's, 43, 18,">8.
lhxa<jramiMi» »ujiercitiosii». Joukan \ (lii.iiEitr, Syiiu|miH, G44, 1883.

SSni. lIKX.VMt.i^lNOS r.\4iOiKI>ilALl'S(l>nlliiH).

Head 3)} to 1 in h-ngth; doi)th 3!^ to 3'; oye small, about 5i in head.
1>. XX to XXIII, 22 to 21 ; A. 22 to 21 ; P. 20 to 21. Outer row of tooth
enlarged in both upper iind lower Jaws. Teeth on vomer and front of pal-
atines. Maxillary extending to below middle of eye in adults, 2^ in head
(2.;[ in young). A smaU lltip iibove eye, fringed iilong tho margin: no
tentiicles on nape. Finis hij?'') *!'<' 8i»inou« dorstil deeply notched, the last
itpine Honiewhat longer thaa the one preceding; in tho adult the fifth
spine is the longest, nearly i length of head, the third tind fourth Hjunes
nearly equal to the fifth; from tho fifth the spines graduiilly diminish iu
height to near the end «)f the liu, when they become rapidly shortened to

* Tlio following is Dr. Bean's description of ][. iscabrv:

"Head 44 without o|>or(iiliir lla|i: depth 4^. I). XX 1,24; A. 24: Intornl lino flbont 107;
tninHverso about .">(); oye 3 in head. equal to interorhital. Hudy oblong, niodeiately com-
pressed: iii)i)er outline of head convex, but with a Hlijiht frontal de))reH.sion ; least ho^^ht of
lailei|ual.s A of head: ,jawHO(]ual: thu maxillary not (|uite ttxtending to anterior margin of
pu])!!: teeth on jaws and vomer, none on italatines; a tentacle over each eye. Origin of
spinous dorsal direc tly over bnH(M)fi)ectoral, the lon>{''^*t spine 11 in body ; thelon^estMorsal
iiiye(|Mal to iiost(U'bit"al part of heati: dorsals deeply notched : bageof anal 3 in body; vent
ripiidistant uutween lip of snout and base of caudal tin: caudal decidedly forked; ))ecto-
rain M0t<|nite n^achin;; vent, the lon;:th equal to head with ojiercle (lai»: distance of ven-
iralsfrmii snout more than twic<« length ot ventrals, which is 7 in body ; U lateral lines on
e:(cli side, the uppermost mcethiK its fellow on tlu^ oppositt^ side in front of the dorsal, and
continued forward on the n;tpe in ii sin};le short line: it runs backward (dose to the base of
dorsal and ends at beginning; of last third of soft dorsal ; second beginning at nape, k as far
I'roiu the u]>permost as it is from the third, and exteudinu to the caudal ; tho third ue<;Mmint;
at tho upper end of the i^ill oponinKan<l ending on thi^ caudal, ihofourtha little above the
pectoral, cnrvin;r vei'y slightly downward and disa]ipeiirin<; about the middle of the body,
not so welldeveloiied'as tlie rest; the tifth originates close under the pectoral, near the ijill
openini;, ])a8se8 aoove tho ventral and on the lower part of the side of the bmly, ending
at about the beginning of the last tliird of anal; the sixth meets its fellow of the oppo-
site side a little beliind the ventral ha&e, and extends forward in a single line, and runs
)>:ickward close to the base of the anal tin, eudin<> ou the caudal; scales everywhere very
rouf-h. Light bro»vn, silvery below: each dorsal with 3 dark blotches, smaller than eye,
not reacbinj; base of tin: ]iectoraIs. ventrals, and anal immaculate. Coast of Alasl^a;
known from young specimens only, the hirife.st 3 inches long." (Hean). We have exuui.
iued thoao upecimeus aud tiud theiu, beyond question, tho youu^ uf II. aupirciliomt.

IPPF

If

1;

i

1«7I

liiillctiu /7, I'niltd Stain A'otional Mnuiini.

t'oriii tlii> iiotcli. ('iiiiilnl vny liroa<l at Iiiiho, ronvrx iit Uh |ioHtoi'ii<r iiiiir
Kin ovoii wlinii ilio llii Ih rloHvd; |M'ct(ir»lH Itroatlly ntiiiKltMl, rathtti- Hliitit,
Ml*- liiiiK<>Ht. rayH 1| to 1! in lioa«l, nut noiirly roarliin^ vortical iVoin vent;
vontrui tinH l/j to '2 in ImnkI, HJiorl and roitndi'*! in tho yoiiii);, lio<'oniiii)(
lont;<*r and more puintt'd in udnltH; (HM'toial and vontral rayH very broail,
<>Hp*Tially toward tlitdr tips, anti niurli iir.inrhi'd ; Hot't ra\H td' dorsal iiml
anal linn t'lrl't on terminal tillli, iih in oilier HprciiH, tli«^ two lialvtm noi
ilivrr^inK; o lii(oral lincH on oacli sitlr as nHual, 2 dorsal, a nindiiin, ami
2 ventral; nppor dorHal lim- rtintinn«>d to Itoyond middle of HtM'ond dor
Hal lin, nsmilly tndin); nnd«<r tlll^ roiirtrciith or sixtucntli ray; lower tlorNul
lino and tlio median lino oxtendfd ti» Iijiho of «'aiidal; upper vnitral lim'
originating Itelow and in front of the pt^'toral lin, p.-iHsiii^ immt>diat<-ly
aliove bane of ventral to wliirli it doeH not Hond a Hepiirate liraiicli, ami
forrnimitin;; opposite middle (d' anal lin ; lowtM' ventral line sin<;leon breast,
l'orKin<r in advaner ol iniddle of vmlral lins, the branches jtaHttin^ to liaHe
of eaudal. In the yonn^^ the scaleH are all ctenoid, oxco))t those in mid-
ventral rejrion, breast, prepectoral area, and siiles (d' head, all becondn^'
smooth in adult; Hiioiit, sulioenlar rin^, Huiiorldtal stay, interojiercle, am!
UHually the low<>rm(>Ht portion of Hnb«>percle, NcalolesH; basal half or more
of caudal and basal third of soft dorsal with the nicndtranes densely scaled ;
]>ectoral biiHlH also deuHely Hcaled; sealcH on breatit not greatly reduced,
more than .) as large as tlume on ndddle of sides; median lateral line willi
110 pores; SorilHcales in an oblique sericH between median linean<l the one
above it. ('olor in most of our specimenH a >iearly iiinform warm brown,
lighter on under |)artH, marked <mly witli irregular Kuiall itl.ick Hpota aixl
lines, which may extend <m the dorsal and pectoral tiuH; anal and ventrals
black, the thickened tipHof the rayH in thostt and the (tectoral fniH often
white; n large, blackinl* Innneral spot in young Hpucimons, often disa])
pearlng iu adults. One 8pt>cinien (Iturup Island) has the upper parts,
including dorsal and caudal lins, bright reddish, with Home dusky blotches
and cloudings, the humoral spot conspicuous. The lin rays are us follows
in 12 specimens:

1).

XX. 24

xxi.-.';i

XXII.
XX 11,
XXII,

XXII, 23

A.

'i'i
%\
2:1

P.

D.

21

XX 11,211

20

XXII •Jil

21

xxii,2;t

21

XXII, 23

20

XXII, 24

21

XXlll,23

A,

P.

2t

21

2:1

21

23

21

24

21

23

21

23

21

-

- -_

West shore of Mering Sea; not known from Alaska. We ^lave nnmor-
ons specimens from liobben Island. 1 specimen each from Bering ami
Iturup islands. Young H])ecimens up to 20 cni. in length have the Hcaies
all rough ctenoid as in II. e'elleri and //. oilofjvammus. Specimens .SO cm.
long have nio.st of the scales smooth, a few along middle of sides still
ctenoid. In an adult 54 cm. long. all the scales are smooth, those on head
and nape partially embedded. In shape and general appearance this
species very much resembles 11. octog rum nuts. It has a deep caudal peduii-

Jonian and livvrmann, — fi&hts of\\)yth .Innrirn. 1H75

rl<>, a roiiVbvly loiiiitlnl oiiihIiiI IIii, anil ii nit her Miinlly i'uiiiiil<'<l Niioiit,*
{,\ay(i>i, Iiiii««; wfOctAv, lieiul.)

I.ahrnx Ittijufiiihitl'it, I'am.AH, Mt'iii. Ac St. IVIimh1> . it. H10, .'IH4, Kuril iHlandn.
llraiiiiiKitiiiilfiiriin lihiori'iiliiiliiM, .loiltiAN .V 1''.vi:iimann, ( 'lirrk I.InI KiHlirM, i:ir>, IHIHI.
IliXiiiiriiiinininilir.itiiiiiiiiiiiiii. KicAV iV. IlKAN, I'roi;. IJ. S. Nut. Mim. l8tHI, :im:i, miiitIiiii'Iim rroni

l'i'll'<t|i;luUI<l; mil III' I'AI.I.A.-^.

lli'TiiiinimiiiDH UiijiH'i'iilinluH, JoiiHAN A (iii.iiKiiT, l''iMli)'-4 ol' llciiiiK ^*''>. I*> i(<'l>t" >'■ H. Kiir
S*>iil Iiivo,sll(;uti(iim. IHUri.

700. OPHIODON, (iiriinl.

(('Ill.lis CuhH.)

O/ihinilon, (iliiAim, Pnic. Ac Niil. Sfl. I'liilii. IKM, l.XI (flnnpnhf).

O/iloiioiiiii, (iiUAKi), I'ruc Ac Niil. Stti. i'liiiit. IHIM), i:i& iiKintli-rina floniintut).

Itody elon^atu, low, littli^ roinpn^KHnl. Ilnul lon^, ruthor ]><)inti>)], its
Hurt'iKn HrithtlfHH. Mouth tt'Miiinul, vory liir^o. .Iuwh with vory Htroi.^,
Nhiu'p, iiiioi|iial tr«'th, Homo of tii(^iii < aniii<^-liko; loii^ Horii^H of canliforiii
tuntli oil v«iiiiiT and piiliitiiiuH. (Jill o])«iiin^H very wide, tiio iiifliiihraiioH
not iiiiitfltl, t'rco t'roiii tlio isthiiiiiH. ri'oo|h)i'i'l<) with a t\i\\ hliiiitiHli H|iiii»H;
a diTiiiai llap ahovt> tho «y«. S<-aluH very Hiiiall, )KM!oiiiiii(; Hiiiooth witli
agd. Lateral lino Hingltt, rontiiiiioiiH. DorHul (in loii^, dcuply notchod,
tho H|)iii(v>4 ahoiit 'Ji in Diinihor, Hhtndor and tloxililo, tho niiddio onos hi^h-
I'.st; anal tin lon^, without diHtinrt Hpincs; vontralH 1, r>, iiiHoitrd hoiiiu-
what Ix-hiiid iioctoralu; pectoral lin hroad; pylori*' iji-ca vury iiiiiimrniiH;
frill rakura tiil)t<rcle-liko. Sp<M-i»M of lar^o hI/o; aiiioii(; thn lar^oHt of thn
rottifonn IIhIioh; imrd a» food; thu IIchU livid bliiu or ^fuon in color.
(o''0/s, Huakc; 060O1;, tooth.)

i!L>(i:i. OIMIIOIM».\ KI.O\(JATIS, Ciriinl.

(Cri.TlS Col); lfl,IK (y'oii; llrFKALO Co.l.)

Head :iA; depth r>. D. XXV, LM ; A. 212. Koad larfro, the snout sharp,
colli*'. Month very larjro, the lower Jaw prominent; maxillary reacliinj;
beyond orbit; each Jaw with a Hcries of larjjo pointed teeth bont inward
and iiiiinovable; front of iii»]ter Jaw with 2 to 1 larger caninoH; ontMide of
the Herios of large tooth each Jaw has nuiiierous nniall, Hbarp teeth; vomer
anil palatincH with a Hinglo row of eaninoH; Hupraorbital tentacle much
Nhortor than pupil ; dorsal tin be^^inning above preopercle, the fin very
deeply notched, the higheut HpiiieH nearly ^ length of head; caudal
eniarginate. Dark brown above, much mottled; dorsal fin and whole
upper ])art of body (iovered with small rusty brown spots of varying si/e
and hue; lower ])art8 of body of a livid bluish green, especially in the
adult, the llosh and all membranes tinged with green; ground cohir often

* It will bo iiotoil that all <tf tlic speclciH of Ifexaijrainmon, (>xcei>t 11. olnk-ii, worn known
to I'allaH. //. otakii Iuih also liccn Ion); known to coUt'ctors, tlniagli but recently diHtln-
Kuinbt-d from //. utelleri. It hccihs probaltlit tbtit all existing Hpt'cics of Hexa;iraminiiii
in-o now known to H8. Tb<«rc aro unil'ornily f) lateral linos on encb nUW in all Hporios of
llexanrammoi. Tlio Hccond, third, and Ittt'b linoH are (toniplulo in all, while the iirut and
I'ourtu are varioiialy duvolupud, and oUur vuliiablo apecitlc churoctera.

, -t-

'If

!l

—g^

1870 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

Itlniflh or rojldiHli tinged; young sometimes bright green; fins duHlcy,
mottled, tlie dorsal ai; 1 cnndal with a very narrow, pale edging. Ijengtli
'10 inches. TaciHo coast of America, Sitka to Santa Barbara; very abim-
(lant, reacliing a weight of 30 to 40 ponuds, l)vMng one of the most importnut
food iislies on the coast. (ilon!)(tlii8, elor.gate.)

<>^l>lii()(lo>i elotiijatu*, GiltAKD, Prof. Ac. Nitt. Sci. I'liila. 1854, 133, San Francisco (Type, No.
270. Coll. Dr. Hofriiiaiiii), Humboldt Bay, California (Xo. 277. Coll. Lieut. Trow-
liridgf): (JlItAlin, V. S. Par. U. U. Surv., .X, VMwh 48, \t\. 18, figs. 4 to 7, 1858;
(irNTHEU, Cat..II,94, 18i;U; JOUOAN iV (JlMlHRT, Sjliopsls, 040, 1883.

(yplopoma 2>(inth"ri!ia, GiitAKD, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sci. Piilla. 1856, 135, Cape Flattery, Wash-
ington (i'ype. No. 27."). Coll. Lieut. Ti iwbridgo); Girauu, U. S. Pac. It. Jt. Surv., .\,
FLslioH, 40, j.l. 38, fl^s. 1 to :••, 1858.

Ophiudon paiUlierinus, GCnthkk, Cut., ii,03, 1800.

701. ZANIOLEPIS, fJirard.

Zaniolepli, GiRAnn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1857, 202 {latiinn:\iii).

Body elongate, little compressed, tapering from the nape to the long and
slender tail. Head short, conical, the profile decurved. Month rather
small, low, terminal, horizontal; cardiform teeth on the Jaws, vomer, and
])alatines; no supxaorbital cirri ; preopercle with spines. Gill membranes
not united, free from the isthmus ; gill rakers tubercle-like. Scales small,
im'uricated, extremely roughly ctenoid. Lateral lin<i single, continuous.
Dorsal fin with about 20 spines, some of the anterior spineH more or le8.s
elevated, a deep notch between the spines and soft rays; anal fin very
long, with 3 8i)ineH, the second of which is longest; ventrals I, 5, long,
inserted a little behind iiectorals; pettorals moderate; pyloric cseca fe\,
(5 or 6). North Pacific, in deep water; small fishes, not vaLiod as food;
singular in form and appearan(;e, and bearing some resemblance to the
Icelu8-\ike VoUiiw, (qaviov, a comb or card; \£7tig, scale; hence more
correctly spelled with an initial X.)

a. Tliird dorsal spine greatly elevated, much longer than head; head le.sa than J len^tli

of liody; no supraorbital (hip. LATIpinnis, 2204.

aa. Tliird 'lorsal spine moderate, Hhorter tlian liead; head more than ^ length of body;

supraorbital llap present. frenatus, 2265.

2204, ZAXIOLEPIS LATIPIXNIS, Girard.

Head t^; depth 5}. D. XXI-1, 11; A. Ill, 17. Body elongate, fusiform,
scarcely compressed, the dorsal outline rising rather steeply. Mouth
snudl, horizontal, low, the maxillary reaching nearly to the middle of tlio
eye ; the premaxillary entirely below the eye. Eye very large, longw than
snout. Si in head; no eirrns above eye; preorbital wide, partly covering
the scaly maxillary; interocular space rather narrow, somewhat concave,
nasal spmes present; preopercle with 3 sharp spines. Dorsal spines slen-
der, stift", the first and second longest, usually greatly produced, but atiiBsh
to the tip, scarcely connected by membrane, reaching to nearly middle of
second dorsal, and more than I the total length of tne fish, but often
much shorter; a deep notch between spinous and soft parts of dorsal; sec-

Jordan and Evcimann. — Fishes of North America. 1877

oiul (lursal hi^li, i to ruys gradually Hhurtoiiod; iuial long, its spinuH high;
vuntrals «>loiigutc, wide iipart, roaihing paHt front of anal; pcctoraltsislioi-t
and uai:o\v; caudal short, .slightly cmargiuiite. Head and body evory-
whcre covered with minute, inibricatod, v«Ty rough, Hhagreou-like .scales,
olivaceous, the body and upper fins spotted with rusty brown; the vcrti-
lal fins marked with blackish ; a black streak before eye; suborbital bluish
silvery. Length 12 inches. Tacitic toast of the United .States, from .San
Francisco northw.ird; abundant in deep witer; a alonder tish of dry, firm
substance and singular form. Here described from speoiniens fn'Ui otV
I'oiut Keyes. (/«<««, brou'l ; piiina, tin.)

/.iininleinti latipinnU, GutAKU, Proc. Ac Nat. Sc.i. Pliila. 1857, 202, Fort Stcilacooni, Paget
Sound (Coll. Dr. Suckleyi ; Giu.vuu, f. S. I'lic U. K. Suiv., x, Fish., 7:t, pi. 17, llj;,s. 5 iind
6,1858; (JCntheb, Cat.,n,04, 1800; JoKUAN & GU.UERT, Synopsis, 047,188:).

22«.». ZAMCU.KI'IfS FIIKNATLS, Kifjiimiann.

Head 3? in length of body ; d<^pth ;>|. D. XX-I, 12 ; i^ III, 15 ; eye 3J in
head; snout 3J; mu.ullary3; third dorsal spine U; second dorsal ray 2;
|iectoral H ; ventral li ; second anal 8j>ine 3^; caudal 1^. Form of Z. laii-
j/iiinis, slender, ta|ternig backwards, anterior profile gently convex, the
snout sharp, the lower outline scarcely curved. Mouth at lower side of
snout horizontal, the maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, 3 in
head. A blunt spine on head of maxillary in front of nostrils. Teeth in
broad cardiform bauds on jaws, vomer, and palatines; no canines. Nasal
spines very stro^^g, much more developed than in /. latipinniii. Eye very
hirge, 3Hiihead. Interorbital space uarrowerthau in Z. /ra'tj^in/iis, strongly
concave, with a deep, median, scaleless groove, widening anteriorly. A
long, narrow, supraorbital cirrus, more than J as long as diameter of eye,
on supraorbital rim behind middle of eye. (A minute tlaj) similarly
l>laced in Z, latipinuis.) Two or 3 preopercular s])iues developed, with 1 or
2 on shoulde'*; no other spines on head. Gill rakerp. short, tubercular,
not toothed, 10 or 11 on anterior arch. Gill membranes narrowly joined
iicross throat. Dorsal beginning over upper angle of giil opening ; spines of
anterior part ot iiu with membranes deeply incised, the tirst 3or 4 beingmore
tiian half free ; none of the spines produced into iilaments, all stiff to their
tips, which are pungent; the anterior spines varying in relative leugtii,
but the third seems normally the longest, IJt to 11 in head, the second and
third about equal, the fin thence shortened to the twentieth spine, the
twenty-first again lengthened; anal s])ines strong, the second the longest,
\ longer than third; anal rays free at tip and thickened, becoming
gradually higher posteriorly, the last rays not abruptly lengthened as in
Z. laUpinnit; pectoral long, * head, its upper portion longest, the lower
rays thicliened towards tips, and serving as a support as the iish rests on
the bottom; ventrals long, the outer rays thickened, longest barely reach-
ing vent ; caudal truncate. Scales as in Z. latip'mms, minute, but regularly
disposed, their posterior e<lge with 5 to 8 strong spines, nearly as long as
width of scale; tubes and pores of lateral lino not eMtemally visible;
head and body entirely scaled, except snout, premaxillaries, part of inter-
urbital space, and lower side of head; serios of spinous scales extend to

:: li

»»IW.8WllWBWWWm«LV.*»WjlWWJgm

i i ''

II

1878 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

ti|)s of rays iind spines of tlovHal, candul, and pectoral fins. Color, back
witli a Heries of (> quadr.-ite blotches, correspondinff to or ulteruiitiu^ with
u siiniliir series of larger Idotcluis b<>li»w the lateral line, the spaces lie-
tween with voriuiculatinn; linos of j^ray, inclosing darker spaces, tlieliglit
lines sometimes produced below tlio lateral line iu v-shiipi^d or ) (-shaped
markings; head dark, a silvery line on suborbital chain, edged above
witii black ; spinous dorsal translucent, with round, black spots, fre-
quently more or less contiuent to form horizontal or oblique streaks; soft
dorsal similarly, but much leas distinctly, marked; caudal dusky, black
in males with white ])OHterior margin; anal black in males with white
uuirgin, in females unmarked; pectorals Avith 2 blackish bars, white
edged; veutrals black iu nuiles, white edged, plain iu femalea; in males
the lower parts of body are uniformly blackish, ((jlill)ert MS.) Oil" shore
banks of southern California. Hero desciibed from a spt^cimeu, K inchts
long, taken olf the Santa Harbara Islands, by the Albatrona. (J'renaliis,
bridled.)

Zaniolepii frenatug, Eioenmann, West Aiiit rk'an Siiontist, Nov. 9, 1889, 10, Cortez Banks,
off San Diego. (Coll. Capt. Carter.)

7G2. OXYLEBIUS, Gill.
Oxj/lebiiit, Gn.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 277 (pietui).

Hody oblong, somewhat compressed. Head conical, very slender acumi-
nate, the profile somewhat concave. Mouth small. .Jaws each with n
band of teeth, the outer scirles considerably enlarged; minute teeth on
vomer, few or n<uie on palatines. Top of head with dermal Haps. Pre-
opercle with 2 blunt spines. (lill membranes broadly connected, free from
the istlnnns; gill rakers short, not very stout. Scales small, ctenoid;
a single lateral line. Dorsal tin emarginate, with altont 16 low, rather
strong spines; soft diu'sal mod«'rate, its membrane clo.sely scaled; anal
with 3 stout spines, the second the longest; caudal truncate; pectorals
rath«'r long, their bases not procurrent; veutrals moderate, inserted w<'ll
behind pectorals. Pyloric cieea fvw. Small fishes of bright coloration.
(o^vi, sharp; Lehiiia, an old synonym of Hcxafframmos, from Xe/Jux?, a kiiul
of a small lish suitable to be cooked in Xe/Sitfi, a kettle. )

2260. OXYLEBIUS I'lOTUS, Gill.

Head 3i; depth 3j^. D. XVI, 15; A. Ill, 13. Body rather deep, com-
pressed. Head littbi compressed, slender, pointed; lips thick; lower jaw
slightly included; maxillary small, barely reaching eye. Eyes large,
about equal to snout, 4 in head; nasal spines present; interocular space
narrow. Scales on sides of head very small ; scales on body small, ctenoid,
with strong horiztmtal striae, those on breast minute. Dorsal fin continu-
ous, its spines stiff, the middle one highest, and all considerably lowev
than the soft rays; second anal spini^ longer tlian the third, about equal t<>
the soft rays; pi'ctorals barely reaching anal; veutrals to past vent.
Tawuy grayish, with about 6 black bart;, alternating with areas of i»alc

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1879

iiriiii^o, th«> liitu-r oliscui'utl l>,v «liisk,v spots aiul lilutchcs; X\w dark hiirM
('xteu<liii;r on th<« liiis, thr iirst acrosM thr uiiim-, tb*^ Hccoud across tlir iiiid-
(llr of tho spiuoiiH dorsal, tlio third liroador, across postrrior part of spi-
nous dorsal and front of anal; 1 across niid«ll*' of soft dorsal, 1 on posterior
part, and 1 at 1>uso of caudal, the Itars altout as Avid«> as tlie int' nspaces,
and their 'rdffcs irn!jj;aLir, lint sharply dcfnu'd; pectorals and caudal
orange, with cross series of spots; ventrals larg«'l.v Idack; under side of
licad orange, freckled, spotted with pale; 2 fringed cirri over each eye,
scarlet; hreast and lielly niarbletl. Length 10 inches. Kocky shores,
on the Pacific coast of the United States from MonttTey northward to
I'cigot Sound, living annmg alga;; ahundaut, hut rare in coUections, being
seldom taken in nets. Hero described from speciiuons from Monterey.
A nutst beautiful and active little iisli. (j>JctH», painted.)

(irhii-bhis pietus, (Jill, Pioc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 277, California; no deflnite locality.
Joiii)A\ &, GiLHhUT, Syiioiwis, 048, 1883; JoiiUAN & Stakks, rroo. Col. Ac. Sci. 18«5,
802, pi. 78.

Family CLXXIX. (JOTTID.E.*

(TlIK SCfLI'INS.)

llody moderately elongate, fusiform or couipresse<l, tapering backward
from the bead, which is usually broad and depressed. Eyes placed high,
the interocular space usually narrow ; a bony 8ta.y connecting the sub-
orbital with the preopercle, usually covered by the skin; Jipper angle of
preopercle usually with 1 or more spinous processes, the head sometimes
wholly unarmed. Teeth ecjual, in villiform or cartliform bands on .jaws,
and often on vomer and palatines; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary
without supplemtmtal bone. (Jills 3^ or 4, slit.behind the last small, often
oltsolete; gillrakers short, tubercle-like or obsolete; gill membranes
liroadly connected, often jointed to the isthmus. IJody naked, or vari-
ously armed with scales, pritikles, or bony plates, but never uniformly
scaled; lateral line present, simple, sometimes chain-like. Dorsal fins
separate or somewhat connected, the spines, 6 to 18 in number, usually
slender, sometimes concealed in the skin, the soft part elongate; caudal
lln separate, r«>undcd; una! fin similar to the soft dorsr.l, without spines;
lusctoral fins large, with broad procurr«'nt bases, the rays mostly simple,
tile upper sometimes branched; ventrals thoracic, rarely entirely wanting,
the rays usually 1, 3 to 1, 5, their insertion well forward. Pseudobranchiai
present. Vertebiic numerous, 30 to 50. Scapular arch normal; myodome
developed; actinosts large, i)artly intervening between hypercoracoid ;
ribs sessile on the vertebraj. Pyloric cicca usually in small number (4 to 8) ;
air bladder commonly wanting. Genera about 60; species about 250,
mostly of the rock pools and shores of northern regiims; many species
found in fresh waters ; some of the salt-water species descending to great
depths. Most of the spesies are of small si/e and singular aspect, and
none is valued as food. The family is an extremely varied one, which

' We are under obligations to Dr. Wilbur \V. Thoburn for many notes on tho American
dottidce.

'% ' if

Ul:

1880 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

can uot readily be thrown into subordinate groups. Almost every H])e*'i(>s
liaH au individuality of its own, and among tbo marine forniH it in neut-Hsary
to recoKiii/e ali'iost r.H many ^ronera as species. It is impossible to throw
these small genera together into large groups. Of tbo American forms,
probably Jovdania is nearest the primitive scaly stock, fnim which sudi
forms as Zaniohpia and OxykhiuH are also descended. HcmHrlplerua and
Nautichtlnja seem to be the most specialized genera. Fresh- water degener-
ation is exemplified in CM^hfM and I'rauidm; deep-water <logeueration in
ZeaticvJua and Cottiinciilua, and the degradation associated with sluggish
habits in Amrlichthya, raifcliioliilva, ami (iilhertina. { Triy I i4w, grou]} Col-
tina, part; groiip Scorpanina, part, Giinther, Cat., 11.)

I. S)iinoufl iloi'sul tividviit, uot coiuu-ultxl in tlio llosli nor iii<liiitiii;;iiiHlialiln from soft part ;
head with Hpines or lubcrclus (oscutit iu raro cases), it.s boiieti not all hidden in
lax xkiii.
a. Ventral tins well developed.
b. I'ectoral tins separate, not eoalcscent l)elow.
c. Ventral rays I, 5; vomer and palatiuus witli teeth ; ^ill membranoa broadly united,
free from tlie isthmus.
JORDANUNili:

d. Body more or loss scaly above, or witli rough plates or prickles.
e. Dorsal tiu very long, of 17 siiinuo; anal long; no slit behind last gill arcii ;
back with rough scales; sides with obliixuu serrated folds; ventral lins
well behind pectorals. Joruama, 7o:i.

ce. Dorsal tin moderate, of 12 or 13 spines; anal long; body very slender:
sides of back with rough plates.
/. Last gill arch with uo slit behind it; chin with 2 barbels.

rARICELINUS, 704.

//. Last gill arch with a slit behind it; chin without barbels.

Alciuka, 705.

SCORP.T'lNlCnTnYIN^ :

dd. Body covered with smooth skin ; a slit behind last gill ; dorsal rays 11 ; body
rather robust. SCORPiENICHTHYS, 700.

cc. Ventral rays not I, 5; usually I, 'i, sometimes I, 2, or I, 4.
g. Spinous dorsal shorter than soft part, of less than 13 spines.

nEMn.El'n)OTlN.K:

li. Body delinitely more or less sciily above, the scales sometimes arranged in
bands, or .sometimes modilied as bony plates, tlie.se usually placed aluu.:.;
lateral line or at base of dorsal (skin naked in Artediellut).
i. Last gill arch without slit behind it; gill membranes united, free from the
isthmus.
j. Vomer and palatines with teeth.

k. Preopercular spine with 1 to 5 enlarged hooks or antlor-liko p^oce3Sl•^^
above, I)esides the 2 on its bifid or emarginate tip.
{. Back above lateral line evenly scaly ; spinous dorsal emarginate.

CHITONOTI'S, 707.

II. Back above lateral line with a series of enlarged plates or soale.s.
the space above aiul below this naked.
m. Lateral line armed with a series of bony plates; preopercular-liko
processes usually numerous,
n. Dorsal tin with 1 or more of the anterior spines elevated and
filamentous; scattered plates behind axil.

Tarandichthys, 70^^.
nn. Dorsal tin without filamentous spines; no plates behind axil.

ICEUNfS, 703.

• •J-,

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America, 1881

a-

intn. Lateral lino iiiiiiriiicil <ir with hiiiiiII bidden sculeH only; Ixxly
rather rolxiMt; no fllmntMitouH HpinuH; top of limid Hciily;
preoptTculur upino with but I bookod procnsH above.

ASTllOLYTKB, 710.

kk. i'r<>o]>crciilar Hpinit bitld ur Hiinplo, witliout hooka or autlur-liko pro-

CL'HHCH llboV*.'.

0. Vent very elo.te behind vontrals; aupriiorbital cirrutt very higli.

ARCH18TE8, 711.

00. Vent woU behind vontriils; supraorbitnl cirrns low or wanting.

p. Back with a dlHtinct bund of hciiIch on oaoli side above liiterul linv;

head Hinooth aitovf, tlie iiiterorbital Hpaco lint or coucuve.

ly. Interorbitul Hpuoellat; head >v itbout cirri above.

AnxEDii's, 712.

ij(j. luterorbital apaco concave; top of head witli short cirri.

AXVIUA8, 713,

pp. Hack covore<l with rough soalcH above ; Iieml very rough.

r. Preopercular spine more or leas evidently bifurcate; a small

cirrus above eye. JIuscarius, 716.

rr. Preopercular spine simple; sides scaly below lateral line.

1{ASTIIINI'8, 710

ppp. Back with a series of larger plates along each side bolow base of

dorsal tin above lateral line; head naked above; sides with

scattered scalu^4; body and bead slender; skin above with

warty scales and prickles. Icelus, 717.

pppp. Back and sides wholly naked; preopercular spine simple,

strongly hooked upward. Ahtediellus, 714.

Vomer with teeth, palatines with none ; the side with a series of bony

keeled spinous plates.
t. Plates on head larger, similar to those along lateral line ; body very slen-
der, depressed above. Radulinus, 718.
tt. Plates on liead very rimall; hotly rather robust; proopercle witli 4
spines, the upper hooked upward. Stelqistrum, 710.
a. Last gill arch with a distinct slit behind it.
M. Sides of body with oblique serrated folds; preopercular spines small,
simple or bitid ; gill membranes wholly free from isthmus ; spinous
dorsal not emarginate; no palatine teeth; body slender; ventrals
moderate.
V. Caudal tin truncate or slightly emarginate.
w. Back with a series of bony tubercles along base of dorsal; body not
very slender.
X. Breast naked, with cross folds of skin, containing mucous tubes.

• Trioloi's, 720.
xts. Breast with small scales and no cross folds. Stermas, 721.

WW. Back without bony tubercles along ba«e of dorsal; body very slen-
der; lower rays of pectoral produced. Prionistius, 722.
vv. Caudal flu deeply forked; body very slender; lower pectoral rays
produced. Elanura, 723.
«M. Sides of body without oblique, serrated folds ; no bony tubercles along
dorsal ; body very robust.
y. Back with 1 or 2 bands of largo rough scales ; lateral line without bony
shields ; palatines with teeth ; preopercular spine short.
z. Back with one band of scales ; ventrals greatly elongate ; gill mem-
branes free from isthmus ; spinous dorsal not notched.

Melletes, 724.
zz. Back and sides with 2 separate bands of coarse rough scales ; ven-
trals motlerate; spinous dorsal notched.
a'. Gill membranes jiartly free, forming a broad fold across isthmus;
naked skiu of body tirm aud thick. liSMUJU>u<uxut>, 726.

3030 41

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1882 DtiUctin 47, United States National Mnsenm.

ua'. Gill niomlirnncH unitctl, not foniitnK n diHtlnot fold ncroHH iMtliiniiK
(iiiilcBH the skill is slirivitlled) ; naked Hkiii thin and Inx.

Calyoilkpidotus, 720.
j/i/. llody wltlioiit Hcnles, Init witli a band of coarMo bony plateH uIoiik
lateral line*; gill niHuibrant'H broadly united tu the istlimuH.
b'. Preoperciihu' spine Hiniple, very long and Htrong. KNoriiiivs, 7L'T
bh'. Preopercular spine i-xlreniely long, armed above with recurved
hooks. CKKATOCorri'H, 7'JK.

hh. Hody not definitely wnly above, the skin smooth, prickly, villous, or with stai
tered scaly processes; no bony armature to lateral line.
Coitina; :

C. Skin smooth or warty or velvety, not evenly hispid with stiff prickles.
e'. Gill membranes broadly united to the iHthmiiH, not forming a fnld
across it; fresh-water species with the head feebly armed; \m\n
tine teeth present or absent.
/'. Ventruls with a concealed spine and 4 soft rays; skin often ]irirklv.

COTTUH, '•J'.l.

/J'. Yentrals with a concealed spine and U soft rays; skin not pricklv ;
palatine teeth usually olmolcte. Ubanidea, TM.

<■(■'. Gill openings narrowly Juiued to the iHtlnmis, without fold.

[ Lei'tocottu.'*, 7i;!.|
eee'. Gill membranes free from the isthmus or else forming a broad fold
across it.
ff'. I'.alatino teeth none.
h'. First dorsal spine not e.^pecially elevated.
t'. Preopercle with 3 spines only, the Jippor straight, the third
turned downward; skeleton well ossified; lat4)ral line duvi'l-
oped, with or without concealed plates.
j'. Lower jaw shorter than upper; suprascapula with a sinjrlc
spine. MyoxocEi'HAi.us, 7:11.

jj'. Lower jaw longer than upper; suprascapula with a doiilili'
spine, the upper branch shorter. MEOALocoTTrs, 7.'!2.

ii'. Preopercle with 4 spines, the lowermost or fourth turned down-
ward; bones of head more or less cavernous; lateral iiiio
often modified or reduced to scattered pores.
k'. ITpper preopercular spine curved or hooked upward or else
obsolete and hidden in the skin; skin smooth; occipilal
ridges little developed.
I'. Nasal spines obsolete ; bones of head soft and spongy ; lower
jaw projecting; lateral line reduced to scattered jtoreti;
deep water sculpins allied to rsychrolutei.
in'. Vomer with teeth ; palatines with none.

n'. Preopercular spines distinct, uppermost long, shar-p.

o'. Uorsals well separated. Zesticeli'.s, 7;!li.

00'. Dorsals contiguous. DAsvconxs, 7:;4.

nn'. Preopercular spines very short, hidden in the HJiiii;

dorsal Hn continuous. CorruNCULUs, 7:!5.

mm'. Vomer and palatines toothless. Malacocottus, 730.

IV. Nasal spines strong ; bones of head firm ; lower jaw incliidi'd.

p'. Ventral fins very long, reaching past front of anal.

Akoybocottus, 717.
jip'. Ventral fins moderate, not reaching vent.

POROCOTTCS, 7:i8.
A;Jl-'. IJpi)er preopercular spine straight; lateral line chaiu-liluv
vomer with teeth, an evident slit behind last gill.
q'. Top of head with ridges or crests ; marine species.

Oncocottcs, 7:iy.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North Amaka, 1883

qq'. Top of lieiid uimriiicd.or iieiirly nn; lacuntrino HpovieH.

Tnioi.iiPsiH. no.

kkk', t'piicr pri'npi'iTular Hpiiio Htiiiit, nrincil with 1 or .'I nnlli>r-

lik(« priH'OHHi^H i slit lioliinil last \i\\\ Hiimll or wanting ;

vomer toothluxH. OvMNocANTiirH, 741.

hh'. First (lorxiil Hplne «<lovnicil: Hkin purfiM^tly HtinHtth; Kill iiuiiii-

l>raii<-M t'trtr.int; <k liroail I'olil acroHH iHtliiiiiiH. Leiocuti'Uh, 742.

(//;'. Palatine lectli prt'Hriit (rarely oliHolote in one apeoieH).

f'. (fill nu-nil>rnneH narrowly Joined to the islliiiiiia, not I'onninK a
Cold; preopurcular Hpine willi antlor-like prurcHHeHJ Hkin
Hhiootli. LKiTOCdiTl'S, 74;».

rr'. 0 ill iiii'uihraneH Tree from the iHthnniH; preopen'ularapiuuHliorter;
head and Hiden iiHiially v/itli many ahort cirri.
»'. Skin oJ" Hiden with acattereil prieklen or rudimentary Healen;
preoperciilar Hpine liitid; head pointed. Clinoc'UTTI's, 744.
««'. Skiu perfectly Hniooth, without ncalen or prlckluH.
V. I'reopercular apintt lonK and aharp, Boniutinica with 1 antler-
like prweHH ahove; nnoiit acute. Olioocoitus, 745.
tv. Freopurcular spine sharp, curved, simple; anout acute.

O.WCOTTUH, 746.

UV. Preoitercniar Hpine short and Idunt; Huoutmoreor IcHHolituso.

Itl.KNNKHiTTUH, 747.

rrr'. tSill momhraneH free from the iathmuH; no cirri; preoperculur

Hpine slender, liuokcd upward. [ AuTEUiELLl'S, 714.]

BLKI>SItNi« :

ee'. Skin almost everywhere rou){h with small bluntish prickles; lirst duraol.
elevated in front; head small. comprcHHcd.
u'. Gill menibranos free from the isthmuH; ventrals HUiall.
V'. Spinous dorsal not emargiuato; no smooth areas on hmly.

IIlSTIOCOTTI'S, 748.

vri'. Spinous dorsal deeply notched ; sides with smooth areas. ItLKP8iAU,740.
nu'. (iill membranes united to the isthnuis ; ventrals lonj;.

w'. First dorsal little elevated, its base scarcely raised above occijiut.

NAUTI8CU8, 7.'>0.

Witt'. First dorsal greatly elevated, its base raiseil abruptly front the
depressed occiput. Kauticiithys,761.

liBMITRIPTBRINil-::

ijij. Spinous dorsal longer than soft part, of 14 to 18 spines; skin rough, with prickles
and tubercles ; teeth on vomer and palatines ; gill membranes free from isthmus;
no slit behind last gill.

as'. Spinous dorsal of 15 ajtines, not notched. Uloa, 7.')2.

■XX'. Spiuous dorsal of 16 to 18 spines, deeply notched, the anterior spines liighttHt.

HUMITUU'TBUUS, 753.
SVNClIIRlNiE:

hb. Pectoral tins continuous arounil tlie throat.

J/'. Back witli spinous scales; gill membranes free from isthmus ; no slit
behind last gill; teeth on vomer and palatines; ]>reoperclo with a
short bifid spine ; ventrals iiiHert«d far back. Synchiucs, 754.

AsCELirHTHYINiW:

(la. Ventral fins wholly wanting. Skin perfectly smooth; no slit behind fourth gill;
gill membranes free from isthmus ; teeth on vomer and palatines.

ASCELICHTHYS, 755.
rsYCHROLDTIN.a5 :

ir. Spinous dorsal not evident, its slender spines wholly hidden in the skin or else indis-
tinguishable from soft rays; head unarmed, its Imnes hidden in lax skin; skin
smooth; no slit behind last gill; gill membranes broadly joined to the isthmus;
no teeth on vomer or palatines ; maxillary covered by skiu of preorbital; ventrals
moderate I, 3, the base odnate to body.

t I

I ,1

i ' ii-"

rv"

rl:1

1884 Bulletin //, United Staks National Musciun.

z'. .SpiuoiiH (lorflftl wholly hiddoii in tbo Hklii; boiioH of head not ;;ri>ntly rnrcrnoiiH:
lowi'r.jitw U'Bl>tO**)*li l'>* rami widely Hppariitcd. rHVciiKOKUTKH. T.'iti.

zi'. SpiuoiiH dorHiil vvidcnt, tho mvIuuh not wliiilly hidden; Ixiuutt oC huud cuvcrn-
uusi lower Juw luu;;, U->*'>UI>*>*1< 't** I'D"'! uiiproxiiuiito ut baau.

UlLUKUTlNA, 757.

703. JORDANIA, StiiikB.

Jonlania, Staukh, I'roc. Ac. Nut. 8<'i. i'hilii. 1805, 41U {zuiwjie).

Itudy elongate, not greatly t-omprettBod ; head iiiodorato, partly Hcalud,
with dermal ilaps above; uioiitU moderate, Avith buiulH of villiibrm teetli
on JawB, A'omer, and ))alatineH; body above lateral Hue closely coven;il
with Htroiigly ctenoid Hcaleu; lower half <»f body with plate-like t'oh\n of
akin, rnnning obliquely downward and backward from lateral line to
within a Hhort distance of anal iin, the posterior edge of each fold iinol.v
and Hhari)ly Bfrrate; gill nieuibrancs united, free from isthmus; a slit
behind last gill arch. Three prcoperciilar spines, only the middle one well
developed. 8])inons dorsal with a very long base, of about 17 spincH,
longer than the soft dorsal; anal long; ventralsl, 5, inserted much behind
pectorals. Vertebra- 10 + 36 = 4(5. One species; in waters of moderate
depth; a Hingnlar gt'uus, approximating the Uvxafirammidw. (''I take
great ]deasure in naming this remarkable genus for my teacher in ichthy-
ology, David Starr Jordan," 8tarks.)

m^

2207. JORDAMA ZONOPK, StnrkH.

Head 3^; depth 5^. D. XVII, 15; A. 22; pores in lateral lino 50; orbit
3| in head; maxillary 3j^; longest dorsal spinel^; longest dorsal ray 2';
'longest anal ray 2^; length of ventrals 1|; pectorals \ longer than head;
caudal 1^. Body rather elongate, comprfsssed posteriorly, not much, if
any, anteriorly ; the back not elevated; dorsal and ventral outlines almost
straight from head to caudal peduncle; head not large, proiile from front
of dorsal to eyes nearly horizontal and straight, then abruptly turning'
steeply downward to end of snout; lower profile gently curved from chiu
to ventral fins; mouth small, the maxillary not reaching the vertical from
front of orbit; jaws about equal, or the lower slightly projecting; teetli
in villiform bands on jaws, vomoi, and palatines; eyes large, set high in
head, a little shorter than snout ; interorbital space deeply concave, ^ :is
wide as eye; a slip of skin, \ as long as the diameter of the eye, over tlic
anterior edge of each eye, and a longer one over the posterior edge; a ffw
minute fleshy slips on nape ; nasal spines loug and sharp, somewhat curved
back; spine on preopercle simple, hooked up, a minute spine above it and
a blunt spine below; posterior end of opercle prominent, forming a blnnl
spine ; opercle produced posteriorly in a flap, which lies in a shallow groove
in the shoulder girdle; no opercular spine; gill membranes united, but
not joined to the isthmus ; s, distinct slit behind fourth gill arch ; brandii-
ostegals 5. Top of head to middle of eyes, opercles, and upper part of
preopercles closely covered with small rough scales, head otherwise
naked; body above lateral line completely covered with ctenoid scales,

I" f f

Jordan and FA'crniann. — Fisfus of North America. 1885

!iiit very rflgulnr in hIzo, amingod in about ()7 Horios; lower halt' of lio«ly
I'ovurod to within a nliort tlistaiicu of unul with about 50 obliquu platu-
iiko foblH of skin, tlwi posterior nd^t^s of which are tiiiely and sharytly Hnr-
liito, the pores of lateral line situated in the upper end of these folds;
pectoral base, bully, and a narrow space alonj; base of anal naked; (ins,
with the exception of pectoral, which has a few rough scales on the rays,
naked. Dorsal H])iues slender, the tirst one inserted in advance of pectoral
liase, directly over tlie upper end of gill opening, the lin somewhat rounded
in outline, the spines not Taryiiig greatly in length, with the exception of
•J or 3 on each side; soft dorsal a little lower than spinous, the rays sub-
('(|ual, its base a little shorter than the base of lirst dorsal, and slightly
longer than the length of head ; ventral tins long, inserted well backward,
tiie base nearly \f a head's length bebii pectorals, their tips reaching
)iast front of anal flu, their length e<|ual to the distance from snout fo
( ilgeof preopercle; the ptibio bono very prominent ; pectoral tins long and
curved upward, the middle rays tln^ longiist, reaching past tips of von-
trals and front of anal to the space Itotween dorsals, the ends of lower
r.'iys ira% the width of the tin at its base contained 3 times in length of
head; caudal roumbMl. Color in spirits, blackish, with traces of 4 or 5
darker cross bars on back; sides below lateral lino mottled, faint da^h
spots along lateral line, more conspicuous posteriorly; a dark bar ^ as
wide as eye, running from eye downward across check to anterior end of
intoropercle, bordered on each side by a liglit streak, a similarly bordered
liar running across top of head, slightly turning around posterior margin
of orbit, down vard along margin of i>reopt!rcle, and ending on posterior
ou<l of intoropercle; snout abrui>tly black, lips dark; tins all dark and
slightly mottled; tips of ventral, anal, and caudal rays a little lighter;
caudal an«l pectoral dark at base; slips on top of head black; l)elly very
liiiely dusted with minute dark points. Puget Sound, in \ to 8 fathoms;
types, 3 specimens taken in channel rocks at Point Orchard, near Seattle,
the largest 4 inches in length. The life colors of this brilliant species
wore not taken. There is in life much red on the lateral plates and else-
where on the body and fins, which disajipears at once in alcohol. (J^wvtf,
zone; oitr}, window, from tlie banded eye.)

Jiifdania zonope, STAiiKS, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1895, 410, Point Orchard, Puget Sound
(Type, No. 3124, L..S. Jr. Univ. Mu.s. Coll. Maudo Parker and Adam llublmrd); Jou-
DAM &. STAUK8, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 802, pi. 79.

704. PARICELINUS, Eigenmann & Eigonmann.

I'lirictlinvit, EiciENMANN &. Eigenmann, West American Scientiat, Nov. 9, 1889, 131
{ltu2>litiCHS) .

Ventral I, 5. Spinous dorsal well develo])ed; gills 3J, no slit behind the
l;iHt; vomer and palate with teeth. Gill membranes (probably) forming a
fold across the isthmus. Sides covered with stitf, villiform prickles; a
series of large idates, each ending in a large recurved spine, along the
l>iises of the dorsals. Head well armed, the occiput, preoperchi, suborbi-
tal stay, preorbital, and part of the supraorbital with spines; uasal spines

•.,.i-.

-■Piitn^wi » mjiui-iwj!|.ii j

I^ '\

18H(l Ihillctin .(.y , United Slates A\itional Afnsfufn.

linmont; chin with 2 liitrhols. ItiuiioliiimtuKnlH (S. 8uft dnrHiil aii<l ainil
long. Au ini|torfuctly l<nown ((ontiH, rvi«l«>ntly allioil io JonUiiiUt, ioxiuA
in I'uthur do«p water in Calilttrnia. (itdfja, nuar; JnUmni,)

iMH. I'AKK KM.M S IIOIMJTin S, Klt;«iiiimnii ic Kltftminuini.

Iloadl; tlupthft^. ]). XII, lit; A. l':t. Mudy olonKuto,Hu)icyiln<lrlcn1 foi-
wurd, Honiuwiiat foniproHHfil lirhincl; rngiou 1)otw«'en tlorsal aruiatnru lint
Mnoiit puintt'd. Kyo larj^t^ olovatod, I in Hnoiit, :tj in head. Inturorltitnl
i'0(;iun with a duep inediau groove aud 2 shallowur grooves, its width Ionm
than dinmuter of pu])il. IJppur jioHturior portion of orl)it strongly h«i-
rato. Posterior margin of prvorltital Horratu. Bnborldtal stay with 'J
Htrong npward directud spincH htdiind the oyo. Top of hen<l dupressod,
a series of 1^ spiu«>s on either sido, the posterior 2 removed from tin
anterior ont^ 2 small spint-H abovu poBt«-rior part of each eye. Moiitli
large, maxillary reaching to below ant«Tior margin of pnpil, :t| in
head. Both Jaws with liandH of teeth, the outward anterior ones
recurved; vomer and palatint's witli smaller treth. A barbel on cither
Hid(> of the lower jaw about as long as pupil. Origin of spinous dor
.nd above thi> ])ost('rior portion of the operclo, itH cud above the nri(;iii
of the anal; caudal broad, rounded; ventralH reaching the second anal
ray; pectoral very broad, reaching the lifth anal ray. A narrow stripe
along base of anal naked; prickles along lateral lino enlarged, formiuj^ J
series of spinelets along its .;nt«>rior portion; 84 pairs of strong recurveil
spines along th«; sides of the back. Sides ashy with scattered rusty spots;
a Hcries of conspicuous puri)le spots below the lateral lino; lower Burfiicr
white; dorsal and caudal marked with rusty bars. Cortez Banks, otf San
Diego, California (Eigenmaun); not seen Ity us. Type, a single well-
preserved specimen, 15 mm. long, from the stomach of Svhaatodva IvHb, from
IS fathoms. {6it\tTix6i, armed.)

Parierliiiug hoplitieus, EiflENMANN & EioENMANN, West Anioricuu Scioutist, Nov. 0, 18*.i,
131, Cortez Banks. (Coll. C. H. Eigeiuiiaun.)

705. ALCIDEA, .Jordan & Evermann.

Alcidea, JORDAN &. EvERMANN, now jjenuH (thobunu).

Body elongate, with slender and spinous head. Branchiostegal mem-
branes broadly united, free from the isthmue. Preopercular spines sim
]de, 3 iu number, all directed downward; a distinct slit behind last gill
arch. Teeth in Jaws, and on vomer aud palatines. A palmate supra-
orbital cirrus ; others present on preoporcle. Nasal spine strong. Body
thickly beset with short, stiff, villiform prickles; a series of plates aloni;
each side of base of dorsals, bearing each a strong spine; plates of lateral
line spinous. Both dorsals and anal very long; caudal rounded; pectoraln
with the lower rays simple, exserted, produced; ventrals broad, I, .">.
Alcidea differs widely from Icclua in the structure of its ventrals and pec-
torals, in the very spinous head, and in the nature of the body covering;.
It is, however, evidently very close to Parioelinus. If Dr. Eigenmaun s

:'-.<>$:;'

.Si-i;.6.,.„'i,'i saatjioj,, ■

Jordan and F.irrniann. — Fisfus of h\nth America. 1887

nccoiiiit Ih corr<M-t, th«t two nIioiiM bo KOiiurically \v^ w«>ll iis Hporillciilly,
tliHtinct. (iillMTt obmTVfH:

"(hir HpiM'Imeii nnciiiM l>> nitrtm in mowt nf iU iliarAi-terH with Kigpnmann'ii tyiMor
VnrieAinui, liut illir<iri« I'roin IiIm tli-Hcriptioii In u nniiilxu' of tniixirtnut n<H|H'ctii, wliltii, if
nirrtH^tly t{'^'<'»i ^'onlil Intlli il« h|i(icIIIi' Hi'inirution tor oiir H|ie<'lni<'ii. Tim litltiT il<ir>t not.
poNMUHH It pull* of lonjf liurlx'U lit llio rlihi, liiit hiiH oIIioi'm, not iiiitiitioiicil, uliovo t'ytt iin<l
aloiiK niiii({lii of pi'(>up<M'<'l(<. Tlio Hiiliorliltiil Hlay iIoi'h not poiihomh 2 hIi'oii|{ iipwurilly
(llt'iti't Mplnt'N ImiIiIihI ityc, Init it Im tlilclily licHut wllli ii iiiiiiil)*<r of crowiluil Niiiuller Hpln''M.
riit) nittxlllary Im contnliifti \\ IIiiium, not 3J, In IkmiI. A dUtlnct hIII t'slHt* iit'liinil I'oiirlli
::ill iircli. Tho oi'it;iii uf Mio HpliiouH iIoi'muI Im iiI>ovo nii(i<lli< of opitrcle, not ovi-r itN )mih-
li'i'liir portion iim Hlutcil In lliu ilvacriplion. Tlio lownr portion of pcrturitl llii hiiM ItM rttyM
Mtry niiii'li iixHcrtud iiikI Nonicwiiat proiluceil, ii point not ni(«ution«><l liy KlKonniunu."

((lAxf), tliu <*lk, from th*^ proopurciilur H])ioe; ei6u%, rcMuiiibliiiioe. )

Jov. 9, 188!i,

UMi. AI.MUKA TIIOIirUM (liilUort).

Hoaa 31 ; <b|>th 7; «yo Sj} in hoad; Bnout 3^^. D. XIII, U); A. 23; I". 15;
V. I, 5; jtoreM in lutorul lin<« 43 or 41; branohioHto^alH ((. Mody very
slrndor and vb)ngatt>, the ventral lino Htraigbt, the denial outline duHeuiid-
iiig rapidly forward to tho Hleiider, Hharp snout, and decliniiii; very ({ontly
backward to tbe comparatively short and compresaod caudal peduncle.
Kody bi^bcrit at tbe Bbonlders, compresHcd, everywhere deeper tlian wide;
ieiiKth of caudal peduncle ^ itH length from base of hint dornal ray. Head
narrow, ita greatest width eiiualing its depth, its prolilo convex above the
orl/ita. Month nearly hori/.ontal, the maxillary reaching a vortical midway
lictwceii front of eye and froiit of pupil, 2} in head. Teeth cardiform, in
rather broad liands on Jawa, v<»mer, and palutinoa. Snout slightly greater
than length of eye. Supraorbital rim greatly elevated, the interorbital
H]iace a deep narrow groove, with a pair of low, rounded, Icngthwiae ridges
along ita floor; interorbital width 3,\ in diameter of orbit; anterior half of
Hiipraorbital rim snuxtth, posteriorly besot with crowded clusters of short,
strong spinea, occupying the upper posterior quadrant of the orbital rim;
ii of tlieso spines, somewhat larger than the others, lie 1 on either side, the
otlier in front of the supraorbital cirrus; upper margin of suborbital stay
coiitinnous with that of preorbital, elevated to form u thin knife-like
crest, which !» irregularly serrate with abort spinoua teeth, the anterior
tlio largeat; between thia ridgo and the eye lies a deep, narrow groove; ii
strong ])oatocular apine directed backward, followed after an iutervul by
2 similar apines on occiput, the 2 series thus formed diverging backward ;
nasal spinea very atrongly developed; upper edge of the postero-temporal
minutely serrated; in advance of this a series of 3 apines, parallel with
t)iu occipital series, tho posterior one remote froiu the two anterior; oper-
cle iiiuirmed; proopercle with 3 simple, str>^ .g spines directed backward,
the middle one on a line with suborbital stay and slightly tbe longest, its
length f diameter of pupil. Branchiostegal membranes broadly united,
iVeo from tho isthmus for its entire width. Gilla 3|, a distinct and com-
paratively long alit behind the fourth arch; gill rakers undeveloped,
tubercular. Body covered with alender, short, villiform i)rickle8, which
ieiive only a very narrow naked strip along base of anal, and continuous
over the dorsal series of plates, reaching the base of the dorsal flus; a uar-

[ifr

ji

f:l

t'

!

;>

B'^l

•I

E .' .J

V

I

Ijl ■
ill-.

'ii j

■:■(

^
•}}'

P

1888

riulhtiu ./7, ^ '///Av/ States National I\fiisnttn.

rtiw bnnd of prtcklni in nxi] of portnrulH, IioIiIikI IIiIh u wiitn naked nifii
(t\t«Mi<llii){ iluwiiwuril iiikI liiiikwiiril to l>«hiiiil huHn oC veiitralH, tli«- :.'
uruiiH Hopuiutod hy n iiitn-ow inuaiul Itund of |irlrkluH on Indly ; niinilur
prii'kluH i'ovui rontiniioiihly tlio o<;i'i|Mit, tlio oprrcleH, and tlir |iortioii ol'
rli<>«d<H and prvopitrcli*^ wliicli lio aluivo Hnhorldtal Htay; a narrow !un((tli-
\\\m\ liiind of prirkluH on chrrk lii>!ow Hiiltorldtal Htay, thn lowor iiido i>t
licad lo^rctliorwith Hiioiit anil intcorldtal region otherwiHn nakiul; nNoriim
of ;il broad platoH ulon>{«'arh nidoof dorHnI llnM, «txt»nding from the inipit to
tlio niiddloof caiulal podnm-lo; tiarh plato tranHvcrHoly nn|;ulati>d, Ww outer
half diroctud outwai'd and downward, tlio inner luilf nearly liori/on-
tal inward, iliv an^l«« Ituarin^; a very Htron){, ronipr«^HR«-d., Itackwiirdly
lio«ikod Hpino; tin* dotHal liiiH tlinH ocmity tln> niid«lloof a tint dorHal Htrip,
Itonndrd l»y tlir L'Horii'Hof HpinoH; a niiniltur of nilarK«td Hpiii«-likr ]trirk]«>.s
accohi|>uny Mio lateral linu, oacli )Miro of wliicli lies in tlio axil of ono Hnrli ;
anteriorly, tlwHu prickluH nro arranged Honiowlint d«>linituly in pairn, 1' to
each pore, l>.it tluH arran^feniont Ih lost ponteriorly ; a norioB of enlarged
prickles is placed convexly at base of cAndal tin; the upper nntnodiliod
rayH of tlio pectoral iln, and all rayH of dorsal and caudal ilns, accompa-
nied by series of ])rickleH; other tins and thickonetl pectoral rayHsmootli.
Itody without filuiuents. No barbels at chin nor on nnindiblu elsowhere.
A Hlonder tentacle, palmated at tip, above posterior portion of <»rbit, its
length slightly less than diameter of pu|dl. A slcniler braurhod teutarlr
near base of middle and lowernioHt ])reopercnlar spincH, and a simple one
at an eiiual distance below thum; a similar 1>roadIy jHiInuvted tentacle on
cheek, behind end of nnixillavy, lost on 1 side in our specimen, but the
scar ap])arent. Dorsal lins separate, the membrane from last spine Join-
ing base of tirst soft ray ; spines Vi^y slender, the sixth the longest, 2j^ in
head, very slightly shorter than the soft rays; base of B])inons dorsal H i»
head, of soft dorsal 2j( in length of head and body; front of anal under
twelfth dorsal spine, the longest ruy A head, the length > i the base slightly
less than \ head and body; candal rounded, lj( in head; the lower (> pe(;-
toral rays simple, thickened, oxserted, the membranes very deeply incised,
the upper 3 longer than the brancdied rnys above, the longest extending
to opposite tifth anal ray; vcntrals broad, tln^ inner rays shorter than tlni
outer, which extend to opposite second anal ray. Color in life, light
olivaceous, with 4 brown cross bands, 1 nnder spinous dorsal, 3 under soil
dorsal; a series of 9 roundish dusky spots along middle of sides bolow
Ictoral lino; back and sides with snwill golden spots and streaks; a dis-
tinct series of round blue spots above lateral lino, and soui / Bcattoreil
bine spots and blotches on back and head ; iris green and dusky; spinous
dorsal light green, crossed by narrow yellow lines; soft dorsal translu-
cent, shaded with reddish and bluish; vcntrals translucent, posteriorly
greenish, with white pigment; pectorals translucent, tlie rays crossed witli
reddish and greenish bars, which are littlo conspicuous; supraorbital cir-
rus green; preopercnlar cirri white. Coast of Oregon (Gilbert); 1 speci-
men, 105 mm. long, dredged in 75 fathoms. (Named for Dr. Wilbur Wilson
Thoburn, in recognition of his work on the Cottidai.)

J'aricelinu* thohurni, GiLDERT, Kept. I'. S. Fi«li Conini. 1803(1890), 432, pi. 30, coast ot
Oregon, in 75 fathoms, at Albatross Station 3350. (Coll. Gilbert.)

Jot dun ami /Cvtrmauu, — Fishrs 0/ North Ametica, IHMO

706. aCORP/RNICHTHYS, (ilninl.
(Cahk/onkk.)

,s,nrpirttirhlhy», (iiiiAiin. I'l Ac. Niil.S«'i. I'lilla. ISM, \'M (marmorntiM).

II(>«ly rutlirr robiiNi, oovrroil with hiihioIIi, tliick nklii. Ilmd Iiiruo,
KDiiiowlint foiMprt'HMuil, itH ii]))t(^r Niirfaoc ni^oiiis iiioutli rutlirr 1ui'k<\ >vitli
villiforiii tortli on JiiwH, voiiuM', iiml pHlutiiiiiM; k'iII inciiiliriin««H liroiitlly
iiiiitnl, IriMf !'roiii tlu^ iHtliiiiiiH; n lurf{o nlit iMtliiiid I'xiirtli ^ill ; ]>r«n|H^r-
I'liliir Mpiiit'H Hiiiall, Hinipln; HpiiioiiH ilormil loii^, Ncan'nly oniiirttiimtf, iMit
Hli^litly «I<i|»ri'HNeil nniir itH inidilln, tlio iliHt I Hpiiit'H Hhortor than thonn
iiiiiiii>diat<*ly following; v«>ntral lliiHliir^o, r,r». Si/« hii'K«. I'arltic, On'iin.
A uiUI-innrlvrtl ((«>nnH tliHtin^iiiithrtl I'roni itH nllii-H liy itH porfuot vontrnlH.
(uuiifiitiog, 6Hn)jnittvix, Srorpa'Ma; /^^r?, Ilsh.)

t'r,\h MOKIMlMniTIIVN MAUMOUiTI M (Ayn^N).

(C'AIIK/ON.)

Ilottd LT,; depth 3< ; eyo 5i. I). XI, 18; A. 12; P. If.; V. I, 5; lateral
liiioH (porcB) W); 1'. IJ; C. Ijj; vcrtoltra" IS-f-iil ^^IMJ. Top uf liuad rugoHo,
\N itliont HpiiX'H; interorbitu! Npacn cuncavo, nnrrowflr than thi^ largo eye;
;i lUmhy tlap on middle of Huoiit, and 1 on end of maxillary; Hnpercilinry
cirri lar^'e; more than ^ dianit'tur of orbit, laciniate; up)>er preoporcnlar
H|iine Hhort, Htraight, about ^ diameter of eye; Hnborbital Htay very broad;
iiiiixillary fxtondin;; to beyond eye. KirHt 4 Hpiut's of durHal Hnbeqiial,
HliorttT than the lit'tb; dorsal Huh Hcarrely connected at bane; )>oct<»ralH
shortish, not reaching anal; nkiu thick and leathery, without prickleH or
cirri. Larval Hpccimenn 1 to 2 inchoH lon){ are smooth, silvery, and coni-
IHcsaed, looking quite unlike the adult, the number of ventral rayH readily
ilistin):;iiiHhing them from other young Hculpins. Olive brown, thickly
iiKittlod with dark blotchoH and light spots, and reticulated with different
sliudos of green and brown ; sides with 5 irrcgnlar, dark, vortical blotches,
of which 2 are under each dornal and ext«nd on the tins ; belly livid Iduish
or ;;reon, reticulated with olive; the ground color exceedingly variable,
running from cherry red to green; lips blotched with white; llns all more
or less barred; lleHli and membraneH livid bluish, th<^ coloration of the
iIchIi variable, like that of Ophiodon clonfiatiis. Length HO inches. Hero
(IcHcribcd from a specimen 10 inches in length, from San Francisco. Puget
Sound to San Diego; very abundant; used for food, but coarse and tough.
'I'lm largest of the Cotfido; reaching a weight of 20 to 2r> pounds. Com-
mon ill the markets, but not esteemed as food, {mattnoratiis, marbled.)

Ilriiiitripterut marmoratus, AvnKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1854, 4, San Francisco ; Qirard, TT.
S. I'nc. U.K. Surv., FisboH, x, 04, 1858; GOntheb, Cat., Ii, 154, 1800; Johdan & Un.UERT,
.Synopsis, 710, 1883.

707. CHITONOTUS, Lockington.

ciiltnnotui, LocKiNOTON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1881, 141 (megacephaUiM).

I'lody <'longate, its upper part, except along base of dorsal, »,.»vored with
Miiall, very rough scales; preoporclu with u long spine armed with 3

I

1890 Bulleiin .;/, United States National Museum.

autler-like processes ubove. Aual papilla of male exoesflively dovul-
oped, with a tubular filament. First dornal divided iuto 2 portions, tlic
aiiteric- ttie nhortor, its front spine elevated. Lateral line armed with ii
Hories of keeled scales, tootbed on the keel and on hinder mar*;in. Otlx v
chai ictors as in Arivdim, the body more slender, and the scales roughei.
{X^tibv, chiton, a tunic; v(bToe„ back.)

Ui

%'

2371. rHITO!VOTi;s PUGKTENSIS (Steindachner).

Head .3; depth 5. D. ITI-VII,15; A. 14; eye 3^ in head; maxillary 2;
first dorsal spine IJ; pectorals 1*; ventrals IJ; caudal IJ. Body mod-
erately slender, robust anteriorly, tapering into a slender caudal pt*-
duncle; month large, maxillary reaching to below posterior margin nf
pupil; teeth in narrow villiform bands oii JawH, vomer, and palatines; 2
pairs ot small spines just back «»f eyes, and a pair at occiput; nasal spines
moderate; preoperelo with a large process with 3 upward-directed spines,
and ending in 1 horizontal one; 15 spines below it, the upper one dir«M'ti d
backward-downward, the 2 lower ones forward-downward; intororbit.il
space very narrow, h'ss than \ of pupil. Top of head to in front of eys
closely sealed with strongly ctenoid scales ; a row of (|uadrat« plates alonj;
lateral line, their upper and posterior edges strongly serrate, lower
and anterior edges embedded, iibovo these th j Itsick evenly covered wifli a
belt of i'tenoid scales in .5 or 6 series; a nar.ow space below dorsal; lutdy
below lateral line naked. First dorsal spino elongate, reaching t«» tlie
base of the next to tin* last spine, its length <inite variabh', the iirsi 3
spines separated from the rest of the (in by a deep notch, the third spine
shorter than the fourth; pectorals reaching past front of anal; ventrals
long and slcTider, inserted slightly behind base of pe(!toral, their tips
scarcely reaching to vent. Color pale olivacecnis, with indicatiinis of
dark ;"<)ss bars above ; lower parts white; pectoral, dorsal, and caudiil
with dari: cross bars; viMitrals and anal white; tip of snont dark; a dark
blotch at base of caudal. Length 6 inches. Puget Hound to J?au Fran-
cisco; not rar<^ in waters of moderate depth. Here described from a spec-
imen from Puget Soun«l, 4 inches in length. Sptuimens from oft" San
Francisco {mef/accphalus*) have the first dorsal spine usually higher, the

* The Ibllowing is a description of a 8]ieoinien from oil' Point Royea, typical of Ghito-
notiu megacephalus. Head 2J ; depth 5J. D. IlI-VII, 15; A. 15; V. I, 3; Bcales 38. Itci.ly
fusiform; liead long; eyes large, separated by a very narrow, slightly concave inter-
orbital space; mouth large, the maxilhiry extending to"posterior border of eve; preoiHMclo
witii a strong process armed with 3 or 4 upward-directed and 1 horizontal point; belcjw
this 3 other spines; 2 or 3 spines close behind eye on each side; 2 occipital ridges, cudiu^^
in spines, the space between them concave; ton of head, int«rocular space, snimt, ap|*r
part of opercle, and a narrow belt close under tiie eye covered with rough scales; lateral
line with a series of (juadrate plates, their upper arid posterior edges strongly serrate, i he
lower and anterior edges embeddcid: .■•bove these the back evenly covered with siiiiillir
scales, the lower and anterior part of each scale embedded, and tlie Tii)per edge stroTiiil.v
toothed; 5 to 8 rows of these scales; a narrow nrike<l area at base of dorsal. I>(prsal
s]iines slender, the tirst usually louuer than head, reaching past front of soft dorsal wlieii
depressed; the second and third spnies i)rogro8sively shortened ; the fourth higher fliaii
third, the membrane between third and fourth deeply emarginate; second dorsal hi;:li;
pectorals reaching i)ast front of anal ; ventri'ls to vent; anal papilla very largo; no cdu-
spicuous cirri. Color pale olivaceous with darker cross bars; tins in the male blacKi'-li ;
ventrals and anal whitish, unmarked ; eye dusky above. Length 6 inches. Otf smi
Francisco, in deep water; takeu iu swe p nets (parramelle) otf i)rake Bay and I'oiut
Seyea.

Jordan and F.vermann. — Fishes of North America. 1891

Itody moTfl Blonder. Tli(;s«( clmractors aro variablo, and sp*!ciiiiuus from
tlio Oregon const sliow varioiiH intcrnradatioim.

Artediui pugetenna, Stkindachnei, Iclitli. Doitriiee, v, 133. pi. 14, fl^;:. 2, 1876, Puget
Sound, Fox Island near Steilacocm, Port Towns^nd, and San Francisco. (Cull.
Steliidaclinor.) *

ciiitonotus tnegaeephttlui, Lookinoton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 141, off San Francisco.
(Coll. W. N. LcMkiiifctdii.)

I,>'l;:ipugetenn$, JoKDAN & (ill.nERT, Synopsis, 692, 1883.

I,,lii$ megaeephalim, .Toudan &. (lii^iiKUT, Synopsis, 692, 1883.

Vltilonutita pwyetensi*, Jordan &, Starks, rroc. Ciil. Ac. Sc! 1805, 805.

708. TARANDICHTHYS, Jordan & Evermann.

laiandiehthyt, Jobdan & Everjiann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sol. 1896, 225 (filamcntosui).

Tliis genus is close to Icdinus, from ■which it differs ir the presence of
bony plates behind the axil, and in having 1 or more of the dorsal spines
produced in filaments, these sp<M'ially developed in the male. Three or 4
nreopereular spines, the upper one strong and widely branched. The dorsal
Itaud of plates is less complete than in fcelinua. Doe]» water of the North
Pacific. (rdpavSoi, reindeer, from the antler-like spines; tx^vi, fish.)

a. Occipnt with a pit-liko depression ; nasal, 2 postocular, and orcipital spines, strongly
developed; first 2 dorsal spines flliimcntuus in the male; postaxillary platens
present : dorsal series ot' plates scarcely reaching end of soft dorsal.

cavifron's, 2272.
aa. Occipnt with no pit-liico depression.

b. First 2 dorsal spines filamentous, about eqnally produced ; dorsal series of

plates much longer than head, rcacliing end of soft dorsal ; postaxillary

plates present ; nasal filament ]>re8ent. filamentosus, 2273.

bh. First dorsal spine filamentous, the second little, if at all, produced; dorsal

series of plates usually shorter than head, not reaching middle of soft

dorsal; no nasal filament; postaxillary plates present. tenuis, 2?74.

2272. TARANDICHTHYS fAVIFEONS (Gilbert).

Head 2| to 3 ; depth 4i ; eye 3i in head ; snout 3^. D. X, 14 or 15 ; A. 12
or 13; lateral line 38. Body not slender; depth of caudal peduncle about
i its length. Month small ; maxillary reaching but little beyond front of
pupil, 2| to 3 in head ; interorbital space narrow, groove-like, its width
I diameter of pupil ; nasal spines very strong, more than i width of pupil,
without filament; supraorbital ridge ending abov<^ posterior margin of
orbit in a strong spine as large as that on nasal bone; by the sid(t of this,
liihind the eye, another equalh/ stro/ig; behind these spines thc^ outline is
Hiiddenly broken by a. deep circular pit, as large as pupil, bounded later-
ally and posteriorly by the short occipital ridges; occipital S]>ines strong;
Hii])ruorbital flap well develop(;d ; no other conspicuous filaments in our
specimens; upper preopercular spine strong, J diameter of orbit, with 1
process directed backward and 3 to 5 upward, the usual 3 spines below
this ; a spinous point at low4tr angle of subopercle, and a short spine on

* " Kommt in sehr grosser Mengo im Puget .Sundo bei der Fox Insel, niichst Steilacoom,
Ix'i Port Townsend, viel seltener bei San Fronciaoo vor and laicht iu October an seichteu
saudigen Uberstellun," (Steiudaclmer).

isgfm

ammim

-^^gmB^mBOBBS^

iV

II

11

'1

; i . «

1892 nnUctin ^7, United States National Museum.

ahonlder. Dorsal soricn of scalos rather nhort, loiifrer than head, c::t<>n<l-
iiig from oppnsito fifth dorsal spino to bosci of third to liint ray of soft dor-
sal, this st'dcs usually becoming single for a short distance poatoriorly,
and containing about 19 in a series ; a few scattered HpinouH plates behiiul
axil of pi^otorals; the 2 anterior dorsal spint^s filamentous in males, iiot
elevated in females, in our si)ecimen8 extending, when elevated, to mid-
dle of soft dorsal. Ground color varying witli surroundings from oliv.i-
ceous to bright coral red; a broad black bar below eye, and 4 across biiik ;
1 under spinous dorsal, 2 under soft dorsal, and 1 acroHs caudal peduncle;
J»elly white, the dark bars encroaching on region below lateral line; malfs
darker than females, with black punctulations covering sides and below ;
the branchio8tegal meinbrancH, the lower J of pectorals, the ventrals, and
anal black; spinous dorsal irregularly blotched or mottled with black;
soft dorsal, caudal, and terminal ])ortion of pectorals (in femalcH) with
dark cross bars. Length 3^^ inches. Coast of southern California; nu-
merous specimens obtained by the A Ibatrosa in 44 and 30 fathoms. (Gilbert. )
(cavu8, ooncavu; frons, forehead.)

leelinua eavi/ron$, 6n uekt, Proc. 17. S. Nat. Mns. 1800, 83, ofT Santa Barbara Islands, at
Albatross Stations 3907 and 3945, in 44 and 30 tathoms. (T3rpe No. 44405.)

2278. TABANDICHTHT8 FIL ».MEJJT08US (Gilbert).

Head 2?; depth 4^ to 4J; eye 4$ in liead. D. X-16 or 17; A. 14 or 15.
Body shaped as in Icdinua quadriaenatue, but heavier; caudal peduiicit'
f diameter of orbit; mouth small, maxillary not reaching vertical from
middle of pupil, 2^ in head. Teeth in broad bands on jaws, vomer, ami
palatines. Interorbital space not narrow, grooved, its width more t'laii
i diameter of orbit; preopercular spino strong, f diameter of orbit, witli 11
short terminal point and 3 or 4 strong upwardly directed barbs, curviil
si ightl J forward; below this 3 short simple spines directed dowTiwa id,
and downward and forward; nasal spines strong, occiput with a broa<ily
rounded ridge, ending behind in a rather blunt point; no pit behind eyos;
no other spines on head. Gill membranes broadly joined, free from istli-
mus. A simple slender filament at base of luisal spine, a conspicuous 0110
on tip of maxillary, 2 on occipital ridge, 3 on preopercular margin, iin
inconspicuous one near base of opercular ilap; a large black supraocular
Hap, about as long as diameter of pupil. Body armed essentially as in
quadriseriatiia; the upper series of plates double throughout, boginiiiMj:;
under third or fourth dorsal spine and terminating under hist dorsal r.iy,
28 or 30 in each series; 36 or 37 plates in lateral line, their posterior lior-
ders occasionally with a slender white filament; axil of pectoral with
from 2 to 6 half-embedded spinous plates; skin otherwise smooth. Fins
large, tlie spinous dorsal with the first 2 rays produced into long slender
filaments, which reach beyond middle of soft dorsal, and are much Ioniser
than head, the membrane between these not incised, and they are not sep-
arated from rest of fin; dorsals not connected, the longest my of soft (ii>r-
sal nearly i head; pectorals not long, IJ to \\ in head; ventrals about
i head. Olivaceous above, white below; a distant black blotch under

-f,-T<-,

Jorda n and Evcrma n n . — Fishes of North A vie rim . 1 89.'i

•.|iiiiouH «l<)i-sul, 1 or 2 «UlViiHo blot -Iich iiiulcr Hot't dorsal aiitl K'tvoriil aloii^
lateral line; IkjIow lateral line an irrej^iilar HerleH of Huiall pearly Hpots,
iiMist distinct anteriorly ; a tlark bar vertieally croHHing chuck; gill luem-
l>i lines (luMky ; pectoralH black at base and on lower rays, upper part white,
with 2 irregular croHH Imrs; ventralH dusky ; anal white, margined with
lihu'k; eaiidal with a dusky crosH bar at base and tip, mesially white;
dorsals translueent, narrowly edged with blaek, an«l witli narrow oblique,
Miiiiewhat irregular, dusky eross bars. Length U inches. t!oast of south-
I'ln California; several specimens obtained by the Albatrosa in 145 aud 55
fathoms. (Gilbert.) (filamvntoaus, thread-like.)

Icdinti$Jilamento»tu, Gn.Br.KT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miin. 1800, 85, off Santa Barbara Inlands

at Albatross Stations 3893 and 3959, in 145 and 55 fathoms. (TyiK3, Nu. 44407.)
Tarandiehthyi Jilamentotus, JouDAM, Froc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 225, pi. 28.

2274. TABANDlt'HTHYN TENUIS (Gilbert).

Head 3i to 3% ; depth 51 to 5i; efe 3i to 3f in head. D. X-17 to IJ); A.
1.5 to 17. Body slender, tapering into a very slender caudal peduncle,
wliose depth is less than ^ its length, and i diameter of orbit. Eye largo,
longer than sPout; maxillary reaching slightly beyond middle of orbit,
2' in head. Bands of teeth narrower than usual, present on jaws, vomer,
and palatines. Interorbital space narrow, i diameter of pupil, slightly
concave x)osteriorly, the ridges converging anteriorly and meeting above
front of pupil; upper preopercular spine smaller, about as long as pupil,
with a short terminal process, and 2 or 3 upwardly directed ones; below
this a simple spine directed backward, and 2 directed downward and for-
ward; nasal spines strong; 2 strong spines behind upper edge of orbit,
and a single sharp one at end of occipital ridge; occipital region gently
concave; no pit behind eyes; no spine on oporcle or suborbital, and no
distinct spine on shoulder; a simple black flap on upper rim of orbit pos-
teriorly; no other flaps on head, and usually luino on plates of lateral
liiir; plates of lateral line an in related species, 41 in number; dorsal
Niiics of plates arranged in a double row as usual, but very short, begii -
iiiiig under fifth dorsal spine aud ending tinder first third of soft dorsal,
il8 length varying from slightly longiir thAn head to f its length, double
tliroughout; sides immediately behind axil of pectorals with about 15
plates similar to those of lateral line, but smaller, scattered or showing a
tendency to regular arrangement; first ray of spinous dorsal very slender,
lilamentous, varying in length, in adults reaching end of soft dorsal, the
second spine sometimes sligtly produced, but never long; the 2 dorsals
entirely disconnected, the height of soft dorsal i or ^length of head;
licetorals long in msilcs, reaching much beyond front of anal, as long as
iiead ; ventrals nearly f orbit. Color light ol'.vaceous above, white below,
the back with 4 black crossbars, the first under spinous dorsal, the second
and third under anterior and posterior parts of soft dorsal, the fourth at
base of caudal; back and sides, including head, with pearly dots and
lines; those on upper parts frequently curved and margined with dark;
spinous dorsal with a small dark blotch posteriorly, and some dusky

1894 Bulletin /7, United States National Musenm.

iiiiirkiii;i;s; noft (hu'Hiil triuiHlucont, with Itroad o1)li(ino cluHky hntH ; cmuliil
with \\w (liiHky liiiHiil har contiinu'd on iippiT and h>w«ir rayw at Itaso, tlir
baKal lialf of fin trauHliicont, itH ttMiuinal portion with 2 or 3 Iduckisli
croHsbarH; anal hlack-cd^cd in niah>s; vcMitral bhick in inuluH; biMo ami
low('r half of pectoralH larg 'ly l»bick in nnUcH, %\w tormina] portion witli
prarly and dnaky bars; brandiioHtcgal mtmibrancH bhick in malcN; ,1
broad bhi('k l>ar l)«low «iyc. Ltnigth 5^ iiu-heH. CoaHt of B(mt]i«;rn Cali-
fornia, in rather (h-np water. (Gilbert.) {tninia, Hlcnder.)

Icelinus U'liuis, (ilLiiERT, Vtw„ TJ. S. Nut. Miih. IROO, 80, ofTSanta Barbara Islands, at Alba-
tross Stations 3893, 3946, 3959, 3977, and 1983, in 45 to 150 fathoms. (Typ«, No. 43086.
CoU. Ullbort.)

709. ICELINUS, Jordan.

Icelinus, Jokdan, Cat. Fiahua N. A., 110, 1885 {qnadrineriattu).

Body slender, little conipreHsed; upper preoperculur spine luug, with 2
to 5 hooked processes above; a well developed series of Hpiuoas scales or
plates along the back, these meeting behind dorsal; another series alon^
lateral line; no plates behind the axil. Three or 4 prf opercular spiuea.
No alit behind last gill ; gill membranes broadly united, free from the
isthmns. Teeth on vomer and palatines; spinous dbrsal short, withmit
notch or filaments; ventral fins small, 1, 3. Deep waters «»fi' the coast of
California. Size small. (Name a diminutive from JcelH8,''lHe\o?, a god of
sleep, from the quiescent habit of these Northern fishes.)

a. Nasul tentacle broad and palmate, with narrow stoni-liko base; nasul, 2 poHtoculiii'

and occipital spine present; interocular spaco about i pupil; supraocular lila-

ineut usually fimbriate. Head 2^ in length. fimbriatus, 2'.>T5.

aa. Nasal tentacle simple, slender. Eye very large; iaterocular apace very r arrow,

about i pupil ; maxillary reaching posterior be rder of pupil ; no postooular or

occipital spines.

b. Freoperculnr spine moderate, shorter than eye; head 2} in length; eye larju'e,

3jj in head. oculatus, 2270.

bb. Preupercular spine large, as long as eye ; hewl 2J in length ; eye small, i in

head.

BOBEALI8, 2277.
aaa. Nasal tentacle obsolete.

c. Head small, i length; interocular space 2|^ in pupil; dorsal series of plat(>s
usually interrupted under posterior rays of soft dorsal, then contiiiiicd
on back of caudal peduncle; nu postoculor spine ; nasal and occipital spines
present. quadim8EBiatu8, 2278.

cc. Head larger, 2J in length; dorsal series of plates continuous, the series
double, except for last 5 or 6 scales ; a short dermal flap behind eye.

STBABO, 2279.

2273. ICELINUS FIMBRIATUS, Gilbert.

Head 2^ to 2f ; de])th 4|; eye 3| to 4i in head. D. X, 15 or 16; A. 12.

Shape much as in Icelintia qiiadriseriatna. Depth of caudal peduncle

f orbit. Mouth larger, the maxillary reaching beyond middle of pupil,

2^ to 2i in bead; teeth as usual; nasal spines strong; interorbit.il

.space narrow, grooved, i length of pupil; preopercular spine very

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1896

BEALIB, 2277.

Iiuavy, slightly more thiiii i orbit, with » toruiinal tooth, and 3 up-
wardly directed procoHHes; 2 Idui * npinrg behind eye, and another at
end of occipital rid^c; 3 prcojtercular spiucB boloAv the main one; no
distinct spint's on opercle or Hhoulder; a spine at lower an^le of sub-
opercle; couHpicnous, palmate tentacles on namil spineH an i above and
lii'hind eye; bvHidos these, anumbur of simple or divided iilamentH on eyo-
liiill, occiput, preorbital, maxillary, ]ireopercle, and along lateral line, the
latter mostly in groups of 3 to 5; jtlates on side as in related spocicH, 36 to
'M along lateral lino, 3'^ in upper dorsal sories; thr dorsal Herica becoming
single behind dorsal flu, double eljsewhent, beginning between third and
fourth dorsal spines; no plates in axil; none of the dorsal spines tilamen-
loiis, the middle ones the longest, the soft rays still higher; dorsal tins
wholly separate; ventrals small, about jj diameter of orbit; pectorals
HJiort, abont | head. Color olivaceous ab»»ve, with about 4 irregular
Itlack bars; white below; middle of sides black, with larger or smaller
rimndish white spots; lips black, crossed by narrow white streaks;
Itranchiostegal membranes blackish ; ventrals white, other fins all crossed
with oblique or vertical black bars; spinous dorsal largely black ante-
riorly and at tips of posterior spines; jtectorals largely black on basal
portion of lower rays; barbels white, except the supraocular, which are
black. Length 5^ inches. Otf southern California, in rather deep water.
(Gilbert.) (fimbriatiia, fringed.)

Icelinus flinbriattu, GlUtERT, Prix;. F. S. Nat. Moh. 1800, 87, ofT Santa Barbara Islands, at
Albatross Stations 2893 and 3975, in 145 and 36 fathoms. (Type, No. 43U87. Coll.
Gilbert.)

2270. KELIXUS OClILATrS, Gilbert..

Headlong, 2s; depth 5i; oyo 3ij in head ; snout Sjj. D. X,15; A, 14; lat-
eral line 39. Body elongate, tapering rapidly backward to the very slen-
der caudal peduncle, whose least depth is 2^ in its length ; lower profile
straight; head sharp anteriorly, th«! occipital ridge blunt, tlie included
space gently concave, not pit-like ; eye very large ; interorbital spacti very
narrow, slightly concave post«'riorly, with a median ridge in front, very
strongly expanding ov«'r front of eye, its width t pupil; month large, ex-
truding beyond vortical from pupil, 2i in head; teeth in rather narrow
bands in jaws and on vomer and palatines; preopcroular spine rather
small, in the single specimen known, bifid at tip and with 2 strong
autler-like processes directed upward, the number varying in all known
s])('cie8, and probably normally greater than 2 in this species; below
this, a weak spinous projection directed backward, and 2 stronger ones
downward and forward ; a spinous point at lower angle of subopercle,
none on occiput, shoulder, or opercle: branch lostegal membranes, gill
rakers, ind armature of side as usual, the dorsal sc^ries of plates unu-
sually well developed, extending from opposite second dorsal spine to
beyond second dorsal, where the series becomes single, those of the two
sides closely approximated; no scattered pLites behind pectorals; an
elongate, simple supraorbital flap, a filament in connection with nasal
spine, 2 on occipital ridge, and 1 on maxillary ; a iew lilamuutti on plates

ir

''>---y>ir'-:(-'i><

P

K

1890 Dulletin ^7, United Stales National Museum,

uf liitorul liiir; uouo of tho dorsul Hpiiics uluvated; prcturula n^ucli-
iug Blij^rhtly boyoud origin of auul. Color uh in T. (itiKM, 1>iit th«i light
spots on iii)p««i' ]»art8 of body not rlougatu, and not dark margined; \w
couspicuonH durk bar bt^low orbit; anul fin transluoont in the spocioirtt
huru d(t8oribt;d, a fumalo. Leugtii 5^ inchos. 8outbem Culifomiu; i
8pucim«)n known. (Qilbert.) (oculutita, largo-eyed.)

leelimu oculatua, OILBBBT, I'loo. V. K. Kat. Miia. 18U0, HK, off Santa Barbara Islands ut
Albatross Station 3935, in 134 fathoms. (Coll. UillH^rt.)

8877. ICKIilMJK IIOKKALIN, (iilbert.

Hoad 2i; depth 4 J to 5i ; <«ye 4 in head. D. IX or X, 10; A. 13 or 14 ; 1'.
16; lateral lino 39. Very similar to IcvUnua oculatuH, bnt ditVering in tlir
large size of the preoperciilai' spine, the smaller, less elliptical eye, tlm
wider interorbital space, less abruptly exitandiug anteriorly, the lower
occipital ridges, and in the mueh smaUer size. li«>dy slender, tapeiin;;
rapidly backward to caudiil jteduncie, whose least depth is 3} to ii in its
length; bead long, smaller than in 7c«/(nu» ooulalus; oeoipital ridges blunt,
the included space gently concave, not pit-like; interorbital space widur
than in IccUnua ooulatm, not distinctly concave, the median ridge vi^ry
faint, the width about 4 in eye (in oculatus about 10 in eye) ; supraocular
and occipital ridges rugose or minutely pitted; 2 conspicuous mucous
pores behind eaeh eye, the anterior margins often elevated to form a spi-
nous projection; mouth large, extending beyond vertical from pupil, L'j
in head; teeth in narrow bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; the 2
ant<>rior pores on mandible open together at symphysis as in all the otluM-
species of the genus except IcvUvus oculatua, where they open separately,
on either side of the symphysis; preopercular spine large, about as Iar;;o
as eye, with 3 antler-like processes directed upward; below this a wejiii,
spinous projeetion directed backward (wanting in many specimens), unci
2 stronger ones downward and forward; a spinous point at the lower
angle of subopercle; an indistinct spine terminating in occipital rtd.i>o;
armature of sides as in lodinui. ..itlalua, the dorsal series of plates exttnd-
ing continuously onto the back of caudal peduncle; no scattered pIutcM
behind pectorals; a large, rather broad supraorbital flap, bitid or trilid,
or occasionally with more than 3 terminal filaments; the height of lla|i
equals or slightly exceeds diameter of pupil; a white filament near tip of
maxillary; 2 pairs on occipital ridges; 1, not wholly constant, on check
overlying suborbital stay ; a few scattered ones accompanying plat' s
of lateral lije; none of the dorsal spines elevated; pectoral fins readi-
ing slightly beyond origin of anal. Color olivaceous above, sides of hcul
» ad body vermiculated ami blotched with olive brown, especially along
laiddle of sides; white below nearly to lateral line; the back with 4
black cross bars as in Icelinua oculatua; a dark blotch on cheek, and a dark
streak forward from eye; membrane between first 2 spines of first ilor-
sal dark; usually a black terminal bar ^yosteriorly ; second dorsal, ixc-
torals, and caudal with faint oblique bars; no dusky patch at base uf
pectoral; anal translucent. Length 2i feet. Aleutian Islands, coast of

Jordan and ICrcnnann. — Fis/ies of North .\mcrica. 1^07

Alaskti;* iiiiintTous Hpt'ciiiH-riH (i!k<-ii lioth north iiiid aonth of tbo Alt'iitiiiii
iHliiiida iiikI ill lirlHtol litiy, in 38 to 59 latlioius. ((tilbi'i't.) (bontiltH,

liol'thlTll.)

lielintm boreiiUu.CuMy.HT, Kopt. U. S. FiHli.C'onini. 189:t (1800), 415, |>l. 25, Aleutian Islands
and Bristol Bay, at Albatross Stations 3313, 3314, and others, in 11 to 121 fathoms.

Islands ut

237M. K'KlilMK ({lAIMtlSKKIATrH (lAHskinKtun).

H.iulJiit; (l('pth5i. D. VIII, 13; A. 12; V. 1,3. Ho.ly sl.-iulcr, littl.' com-
|iii'Msi'(l, tiip«!rlii); from the HlioiildriH to tlic hIi-ihIit tail; nioiitli uiodtraU-,
the maxillary rt-achiii^' about to iniiblb- of pujiil; a pair of rid<rtH on tb(;
iKcipiit, t'lieb I'lidiiig in a spiin', th«' Mpacc bct\v»'(Mi tbuni concave; iiitcr-
ociilar (spiico very narrow, grooved; upper preoperciilar Hpine very long,
tiriiied with ab«iiit 5 hook^, all '.iiit 1 directed iijiward; below this 3 Himpbt
^llille8; head naked or very nearly ho, with conHpii-iioiiH iuiicoiih pores
iil)ovc and u few minute cirri; dorHul liiis neparated; pectorals broad,
iil)()iit reaching anal; veiitrals very Hinall; hit^-ial line with a series of
sliiiioiis plates; above it along the back a doniile series of spinous plat*'S
placed at an angle, the upper plates with the free edge downward and
backward, tlu) lower i)lates with the free edge upward and backward,
tills band composed of a single seritts befon^ and behind, anil not extend*
iiig around the ibtrsal in front; si^in otherwisi* perfectly smooth. I'ale
ulivacuous, somewhat mottled; lateral line with dark blotches; braiichi-
ihtegal region Idaek in the mabs; a black bar at base of caudal; a black
s|ti)t at front of spinous dorsal, ami I at tip of the last spine; pectorals
with a dark spot at base; other (ins olivaceous, little variegated. Length
3 inches. Coast of California, in water of moderate depth; locally very
abundant, great numbers being sometimes taken in the sweep nets be-
tween Poirt Reyes and the (ioldeii Ciate. {qKudrmrialun, four-rowed.)

Artiditu ijuadriscriattin, KocKiNcnoN, Proo. IT. S. Nat. Mu8. 1870, U;tO, off San Francisco.

(Tvpo, No. 2U50I(. Coll. Lockiiigtoii.)
Ii-ituii 7Mrtdri*ma(«», iIoiu)AN A,- (riMiKin, SynoiisiH, GUI, 188H.
lecUiutu quadriteriatus, Gilueut, I'roc. I'. S. Nat. Mus. 1800, 83; Juhuan, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci.

1896, 225, 1)1. 20.

227W. U'KLIM S STKAlUk, .Stiiik.-*.

Head 2| in body; depth 4. D. IX-15; A. 13; eye \ in bead; maxillary
2 ; ; snout 4. Body robust at shoulders, tapering into a rather slender
I'aiulal peduncle ; upper prolile of head evenly curved from snout to dorsal,
the snout rather steep; mouth horizontal and placed at the extreme lower
aspect of head; upper jaw piojeirting slightly )>eyoud the lower; narrow
liaiids of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; maxillary reaeli-
iiif; about to posterior margin of eye. Nasal spines prominent; upper
spliui of preopercle longer than eye, extending upward and backward, and
litaring on its inner edge 1 or 2 antler-like processes; below it on edge of

* •■ It in imposfliblo to coiunaro this or any otbci- dest-ribed species of Icelintts with /ce-
Uii'is (nutraliM, Eigeniiiaiiii, described from p'.rtially di^osted ><i)ociinoiiH. From Ei};t'ii-
niiinii's descriutioii of the preoijurciilar sjiii'j, it is even doubtful whether that 8iiecio» is
a muuiber of tlie genus iceJutus," (Gilbert.)

3030 12

18t)8 nuUctin 47, United States National }fnseuin.

|ii'iMi)>i>"i-li« III'*- 2 small Npiiit'H, thf iip|H'i- riitli<-r liliinl uiul not fitiiHpiniiniN,
till- lower longer aiitl sliiup, pointing tlowiiwiiid un*l Houiewhut rorwiinl;
on each Hi«le of o( eipnt in a nniull Idnnt tiib<Tele, a Hintrt dtiriiial Hup
heliiinl eneh eye, and 1 sometimes present behind <-aeh oecipitnl tiilu'reli ;
head naked; a hand of seales al.>ng Itack, t'olldwing «lorsal ontline, emu
posed of '2 rows of seales for most of its length, hnt the post4-rior r> oi tl
seales are in a single row; the onter and anterior edge of eaeli se;ili
emhedded, the inner and posterior edge strongly etenoid, so the opitosin;;
edges of the rows are etenoid edges; a single row of 37 seales along lateiiil
line, the anterior ones rongher than the others. Dorsal spines slendri,
the fins not eonneete«l ; front of aiuil slightly nearer tip of snout than lm>i'
of eandal; ])eett)rals rather wide, reaching a little past front of soft dorsiil.
Color olive gray, with faint irregnlar darker eross liars on l»aek, the tir-i
nnder middle of s|dnous dorsal, the seeoud uinler first fourth of soft dorsal,
thi^ third under last fourth <d' soft dorsals, iinlieations of 1 on eamlal
pediinele, and a dark streak at Itnse of eandal fin; sides and haek mottlnl,
nnder ]»arts white; ventrals and anal white, other fins crossed with dark
wavy lines. This species is closely related to Iwlinus honalis, dillerini,'
from it in having a smaller eye, a stonti-r caudal peduncle, a slight Iv
wider intcrorhital space, shorter harhels behind eye, the barbels at occiput
not so constant in their prcHeiice, and in having the end of maxillary in a
dirt'en-nt ielati<»n to the eye. The eye of Ivelinus bonalia is contained only
3 times in the length of the head in spe<-iiuei)H of the same size as Ivdhiiis
Htrabo ami the maxillary scarcely reachcH past pupil. This eumparison
is based on specimens of /. honvlis taken by the Albatross in tlyi Straits (if
Fn«'a and in Uristol Hay, Alaska. Pnget Sound, at lN»rt Ludh)W, Wasli-
ingtou, where many specimens w«'re «d)tained in 1896 by Mr. Starks.
{6Tpixfi(i)v, 8«iuiut-eyed.)

Iciiinit* atiabo, .Stahkm, Proc. Cal. Ac. Scl., soriea 2, Vol. vi, 18116, 551, Port Ludlow, Wash-
ington. (TyiMj, No.5451, L. S.Jr. TJnlv. Mus, Coll. E. C. Stiuk».)

710. ASTROLYTES, .Jordan & Starks.

Attioli/leii, JoKUAN & Stakks, Troc. Cnl. Ac. Sci. 1805, 807 (feiieUralis).

This genus is close to ArUdins, with which it agrees in most respertB,
differing in the presence of stellate scales on top of head, in the concavu
interorbital area, the rough vortex, and in the form of the largo preopi r-
enlar spine, which is bifid at tip with 1 antler-like process or hook above.
The mouth is smaller than in Artcdius, fho ventrals longer, the band of
scales on back more developed and the nasal spines larger. There is sonu'-
times a small pore behind fourth gill arch. Shore fishes of the Nm tli
Pacific, {ixdrpov, star; Xvnjp, releaser.)

a. Edge of prooperde beluw with blimt Hcrrated procesces below the Hpine; liaml of
Hcales not luectinK its follow bvhiud dorsal tin; dorsal rays IX, 15.

NOTO8PILOTUS. •-•280.
art. Edge of preopercle below spine with processns ontire, covered by skiu; baml of
scales meeting its I'cUow behind dorsal liu ; dorsal rays IX, 17.

FENKBTKALIS, -'J81.

^Vii\^ii^M,a^.lft>'.,\.ii5£'}: C^^i^ri"

Jordan nn<f h.irnuaun. — Fishes of Xorth America, 18J)9

iSsO. ASTKOI.VTKM .>0'IO>(ni,OirH ((iiniiil).

Iloiul 2^; «l«>ptb V\ ; <«yo \l in lieatl. D. I\, l.'i; A. 1 1 (tr 12; h«mi1oh altoiit
II. lioail sburt and liroiul, itn vt«rttt\ tl<>|in-HHu«l; niulial region with a
iiiiHH ridge, ill fntnt of wliich In a <|iiaili'ato *ltt|>roNHiou; 2 liliint tiibi-r-
.lis b«diiiid «*afli «tyo, ainu>d at tip witli small N|iiiios; livliind llu^se 2
olliitrh witbonl HptneH, on tb«^ (x-tipital rid;;us; fatb of llumu NpinuH witb
.1 Miiall «'irni»; a hiiiuU ciniiH abovo jioHttrior part of «\vu; a ininiito ono
nil tbu maxillary; iiiterorbiial Hpat-tt d<<uply i-oiicuvc, tbu Hiipraonilar
iiilgeH rlfvatfd. Mouth moiltMali', broad, tbo maxillary «>xtondiiig tu bo-
sdiid tbo pupil, itH Inigtli nearly \ that of the bead; Hiiborldtal Htay
strong; ]iroo])«>rcl*- witb a strong prout-ss, biiid at tip, and witb I or luuro
ii|)ward-dire<'tt!d HpincH; below thiH \\ Idiint serrated jiroeeHseH or niiil-
lilied spineH; vertex, temporal region, interorbital npaee, and opereleH
(iiverud witb small, detaebed, stellate seales, stiitiigly spinooH at tbeir
eilges; tbe8e Hmaller than tbu uealeH of the dorsal bund. OlivaceouH, often
tinged with pnr|)li8h, and niiiih variegated; a blaek bar at oueipnt ;
iinotber from middle of spinous diusiil to tbe axil; 1 untler front of seeond
dorHal exteiuliiig oblifpiely forwiird; 1 iiuiler ])OHterior part of Heeuiul dor-
sal; 1 on caudal petluncle; bars jiud iuters|iaees everywhere tinely retic-
ulated and mottled; lower partH dusky, with brassy tinge, often witb<lurk
ret ieulatioiit) around wbittsli spots; brantdiiostegals blaekisb, witb yellow
tinge; tiuH all variegated, tbe lower tins generally dunky ; a blaek npot
ocellated v,:tb orange between lirst aiul seeotul dorsal spineH, stuuetimeH a
iliillerone between third and fourth; a large blaek Hjtot between sixtb
Mild eighth spines. Lengtb 10 iiiebos. Coast of California, fnun Cape
>'endocino southward; abuiulant oil' Santa Harltara. Here described from
.specimens from Santa Barbara. {vCoro<i, back; (3ff//lt»ro5, s|iotte<l.)

( Klilfilepidoliit lateraUt, Avhks, Vtw,. Cul. Av. Sci. 1855, 77 ; not of ( ilRAUD.
\ili'tliu» nutoKjiilotiin, CiiRAKD, I'roc. Ac. Nat, Sci. Philii. 1856. i;t4, Tomales Bay (Types,

Nim. ;t2i) Miul ;m7. Coll. E. SiiiiiuclH ami Dr. W.O. Ayres); liUtAHD, I'. S. I'uc. K. U.

Siirv., x, FiHht's, 71, 18.')8 ; (ilNTMKli, Cat., U, 174, 18(10.
Ii>hi» tlolOKpilolilD, JoitUAX &. UU.IIEHT, .'syiioimiH, GOU, 188:1.

2281. .iSTKOLVTKS FKMXrK.lM.S (.Ionian \ r.illifirt).

Ileiid 2t', depth 4i^; «'ye .") in head. 1). IX, 17; A. 12; lateral line 3(J.
(ii'iieral form of Atilrolyles iioloxpiloluB. iJody rather robust; bead large
iiiil broad; lower jaw included; maxillary extending to posterior part of
rye, 2', in bead; eye ratber larg«', about ^ l>roader than tbe concave inter-
iiibitiil space; luisal spines strong, with a conspicuous cirrus behind tbeni;
top of head less depressed and less conc.-ive tbiin in A. notoapUolus, its
liitcriil ridges sniootb and covered by skin, without spiius-like projec-
tions; no tuberculin' proniinenc«'s behind eye ; preopercb^ ending in a short
process, which lias usuiilly 3 spines at its tip, tbe 2 uppermost booked
upward; the 3 prominences below this spine small, entire, covered witb
KMiootb skin. (In A. iiolospilolua these projections are mucb larger, and
more or less coarsely serrate.) A few small dermal Haps on top and sides
oi head; head with sunill stellate, uonimbrieate scales, arranged much as

IWM) liulhtin /7, I 'nihil Shilts XaiioHaf Museum,

I i

M-

«iJ3.'l#.:.--dB

in .1. iiolotiiHoliin, Init I'xtiMHiiiiK lowiT on hIiIi'H of liciid, rovi-riiiK miiIi-
urbit.il au'l )>OHtoiliital n-^ionH, iih fur down hh Hulturbitiil ntny. SciiIih
on lioily riip-Hkiiptul, iirrtniKi'*!, hh in .1. HttloHftiluluH, in ii broinl biindalon^
oufh HJtlrol' Itacli; eiicli band about !)m<')iIi!II in bruatltb; thJH band <-xt<-n(l-
in^ iiinrli laithtM- bi>cl\ tinin in .1. iioloHiiilohig, inctttin^ its iVllow uitosh
tlie back of tail l>vhin«l tloiHjil lln; a Hnnill, but iliHtinot, ])ore-likr nlit
behind tlu) lourtli gill (wlioily wantiiiK in •'. volo»pilohin). V\uh I«»\v, tin-
doiHal nnicli lu\v*-rtlnin in .(. iiotoMpiloliii: tlio lon^KHt dorHul sjiinu aiioni
«M|nal to Huout, \ii in h«<ud (in tinf lonnilr), piolialtly higln«r in niitlrH; vm-
IralN alMiut i'*Micliin({ vent; pt'ctoralH pant front of anal, ('olor in spirits,
MMHtMitially as in .1. iiotimf>ilolnn, but palt-r; oiivaci'tiuH, tlin liuad uiottlfil
and bari'tMl witli blaikiHli; back witii about I Nudilb'-liko itbick liars; basi'
of caudal IduckiHli; tins all, except tho vcntralH, which ate pale ( proltably
tluHky in males), with uross bars ami HvrieH of .spots; a black blotch l»or>
dered by oraiijre between first and second doiHal H]unes, and unotlii r
iietween seventh ami ('iglith. Iicn);th Ti inchcH. I'u^et Uouud ; loraily
common. (J'nirHlialin, with a winibiw, fmm tlu> Hmall gill pore.)

Arttihut /vneBtrnliH, .lounAN .V (in-iiRin. I'roc U. S. Nat. Mu«. IHHU, r>77, Puget Sound
(Typo, No. 27".'00, U. 8. Nut. Mim. Cull. Junluii & Gilliert); JoKhAN A Stakks, I'r.M .
OiU. Ao. Sci. iWo, 807.

711. ARCHISTES, .Ionian A Gilbert, new ^'euns.

.1 lehUten, iloRDA.N Sc Gn.iiKiiT, KIhIikh of liuriug Si-u, in Kvi>t. Fur Suul liivtrntitfiitioim r«r
IHUO, 1897 MS. {jiUnnarhit).

Head and body eomproBHcd; lateral line armed with a Heries of spinuns
plates; a aeries of Hmaller similar plates along base of dorsal widcmni;
anteriorly BO as to till the space between dorsal and lateral line, but not
extending around front of diu'sul to connect with bund on the other side.
Head naked; gill meuibranos broadly united, free from the isthmus; no
Hlit or |»ore behind Ijist gill; in» spines above eye or on vertex; a single
gently curved preopercular spine, not forked and without cusps or proc-
esses; a large fringed supraorbital Hup; snnill tlaps and cirri on occiput,
sides of head, and along lateral line; teeth on Juws, vomer, and palatines;
(lorsals continuous, notched betwu«-n spiucms "udsoft |»ortions; ventr.ils
I, 3, without seta;; vent far forward, immediately behind base of venJr.il
tins, the nnile with a long anal papilla. { a fjxos, \eut; uUudiug to its
unusual positiou.)

2282. AIU'HISTES IMil'MABIUS. .Toitlan & Gilboit.

Head 3i( in length; depth 4; eye 3A in head. 1).X,2«; A. 18; P. 1.5 or 1(1.
Anterior portion of head rompressed and narroAV, with vertical sides, tin'
width at augh^ of mtmtli little great<'r than diauu't«'r of orbit. From tin'
ocular region the b«'ad widens rapidly ba«'kward an<l «b>wnward to jtn -
opercular spine, leaving the occiput narrow; greatest width of head iiml
body near preopercular spine, slightly h-ss than depth of head at occiput ;

Vf,^^----.- .-^fc:.-.,:

f<'r^,:^rr^iiff-\±-.

/ok/oh Olid JCvctmann. — /ys/irs of North Awerua. lOOl

lioily rniiipKHMt'il, I'vi-rywlicri- iiiiirli ilirpir tliiiii wiilr, Moiiili Nli^litl.v
olili<|iii>, iniixilliirv I'fiicliiiiM; Nli);litl,V Itryoiiirvrrtiiiil tVoiii tiniit nl' pupil,
\\\ ill liciiil. .Iiiwm iiihI noiid'I' witli nitlii'i' wiil*- hniiilH nl' iiiiit'oriii line ti-cth;
:i Hiiiiill piiti'li on tVoiit of piiliitiiii'M; iiiihiiI Npiin-N Htiniig, lixi'il; prrnprr-
I'liliir Hpiiii> Htroii^, HJiiipIt', dii't-rti-d iipwiinl iiiid liiiilnviii'il, i^nitly I'lirvi-d ;
|iir<M'iiltii' iiijiruiii withiiiit riii'tli<<r H])iii<>N or prniiiiiiciKtH. ( tpi'irli' thin,
witliDiit lilt or spiiit-; Niiprjioniliu rim *-i)<viiti-<l, ]iruj«><'tiii); iiliiivt- prolil«t
nlliniil; iiitri'orliitiil Hpni'i- iiiiiiow, ilo'ply thiiniH'liMi, tlic Niil<-M Hlopin;;
Kiiivrxly; occiput ilcpicHscil lidiinil tlic cycM iniil tninHvcrHcly toiiiiilcii,
ii'iidcriiiK tlic ])rntllc Noincwiiiit cunciivc ; ]iuNtcriiirly tlic uccipiit i iHcN jiimI
is litcriilly iiiiKiiliitctl.sniiicwhiit i|iiiitlriitc tlicrcl'mc in cidHHNcction ; vertex
witliont ridges o.HpincH; Hiipniociilni' tlnpiiHlonj^uH eye, Itiiiccuiatc in t'orin,
(iiiii'Hcly tVinp-tl nloii^ the niiir^iiiN; a ])iiir of broiHl, deeply elel't lliipH near
iniddle iif occiput, and a Hecuinl pair at poHterior (MJgu of occiput; a lon^
nasal ciirns, a series of short lilainents aliuijrniar^rin of preoperele, 1 oiihiiIi*
nrliital stay, 1 near tip of maxillary, a cleft lilanieiit neiu- o)u<rciilar aiiKh'.
iiiiil a Hcries of t iilamentH aloiiji; middle of lateral line; anterior uostrilH
ill a short tulie; gill iiieiiiliraneH widely joined iiciohs the throat, entirely
free from isthmus. Lateral line rising in a biy^h convex curve aiiteriovly,
the curved and straight portions er|nal ; along its ciuirH«> irt a seriew of ||
|iiateR, with the upper edgi' free and spinous, large along the «'urvcd por-
tiiiii of the line, hut diminishing rai)idly in size posteriorly, the free edge
liecoming smooth or nearly so; a sericH of much Hinalier hut similar platcR
lii'S along base of doraal, extending halfway ahuig liack of caudal peduncle,
widening under anterior half of spinous dorsal to form a hand which iicnrly
nils th<« space hetweeii dorsal and lateral line; skin otherwise entirely
n:iked. Dorsal heginiiiiig a pupil's diameter liehind occiput. S])incsvery
slender, the anterior ones highest, each <'rowned withamemliranacvoiis llap
which isdigltately deft; the third spine longest, \ length of head; thi> last
HMine iihoiit \ the third and .) the siiccee<ling short ray; ]iectoral rays all
HJiiiple, the lower thickened with incised niemliranes, the longest rays
ir:i('hing vertical from third anal ray; veiitrals narrow, reaching fr<uit of
iiiial Avheii declined; vent immediately behind ventral tins, the long anal
|iMpilla reaching front of anal tin when declined. Color in spirits, light
jii.iyish «dive, a series of o irregular quadrate bhitches ahuig the back,
usually connecteil at their lower margins; middle of sides with dusky
iii:i ridings, from the lower edge of whicli a seri«^s of 7 V-shaped black
lilotchcH descend toward lower outline; tb" dusky marking of sides inclos-
ing;' small round spots of ground ctdor; an oblii|ne dtirk bar on snout and
a Mack blotili on lower portions (d" iheek; iiitenipende jiml upper
liiiiiicliiostegals with cniss 8eri«'w <d" black spots; jM'ctoral witli a largo
(l.nk blotch and indistinct cross bars on the rays; anal crossed by oblique
• hiik bars; ciiudal indistinctly cross-barred; dorsals dusky, without deti-
nitc pattern; vcntrals ]daiu. Lengtli ?> inches, Ushishir Island, of tho
Kmil (ironp; only tlie type known. (;>/M?Hon'««, feathery.)

.1 rrhhteii pliiiiiariiiii, .TonDAN & (iii.iiKiiT, Fislies of Bering .Sea, in Uopt. Far Scnl Invest.
181M), 1807 MS., Ushishir Island. (Type, in U. S. Nat. Mas. Cull. Junlitn )

11 !

I1M»2 liulhfin /7, Ignited Sfntt's h^otional Miisnnn.

H

mi

ik
i-f> ■ ■

71a. ARTEDIUS, (iininl.

ArUiliiit, (iiKAKii, IMoc. Ac. N'at.St'i. riiilu., viii, IMO, t:U {latfralit).

Hotly liroiid and dt'preNHid anti-rioily, conipi'*-HH«ul toward cntidal, wiili
a broad Itand ofroiindrd HralfH aloii^ Hide of biii-k, not t-xtondin^; on IhmiI
and not iiifi!tin){ behind dorsal; no pliitfH at liaHr of doTHal; li<<ad iar;;i
depD'HHod, niikfd above, tlic intiTorbital Hpare narrow and Hat; pnioiiii-
cle with a iiioderat<- bifid Hpine; nanal H|iin«>M Nnuill; inimth lar^*', <^lfri
th«) lowor Jaw incln<b>d; ti'uth on .Iuwh, vomht, and palatincH; ijlll nuiii
brani-H Itroadly united, ti'«>e from JHthniiiH; branchioHtejriilH t>; no sin
behind laHt ^ill; dotHal tInH Heparated ; vi-ntralH short. Shore llHheHot'tli)>
Pa<'itieooaNt of America. (Named for I'etrnH Artedi, the aHHoelate of I, in
na-iiH, callfd the " Father of IchthytdoKy." l" "memory of an i<hthyoloHisi
whoMO workH ]H'( pared the ruad toward a clear and cuiiciso ■/.*w]og'u.\\
iiomenclatnre.")

((. Diirxid liitixl ol'Hcnli-H iiiirrow, ul' H rt'tvH niitcriiirl.s , iiiiil '.' or 3 iMmturiorly.

I.ATKIIAI.IH, I'JHI.

an. DorHul Imiid oI'h<'uIi« wIiIit, of 11 i-owh uutcriurly. ahi'Kuuix'h, 1"jhi,

2im. ARTKnil'M LATKKAIilN (Olrnnl).

Head 2'i; depth r,. I). IX-l(i; A. 13; V. I, 3; Hcales about 28 in lohKi-
tiidinal HerieH. Itody rather Hlemler, » little com])ruHHed; head lon^ uml
low, IcHB deep than in the other Hpecics; occiidtal reg!«»n almost Hat; iiitr:
o(;ular H)>aco much narrower than the eye; eye Hhorter than Hnont, nearly
5 in head; skin of head everywhere peifeetly Hmootli, its upper Hnrfaie
with nnmerouH HUiall (M)n8]dcnoUH jtoreH, ini<l nniiiy nleuder Hiuall cirri; im
dlHtinct aiipraorbital cirruH, am? no occipital lidgeH; miHal spiueH Hin;ill:
mouth very larjje, the jawH nearly c'lual, the maxillary extending to below
the i»osterior t-dgeof the eye, its length about i that of the head; prt!(i|ii'r
cular apiiio very Hmall, covered with the ukiu, forked at tip; (Vorsal liiinil
of Hcales narrow, of about 8 rows anteriorly, 2 or 3 posteriorly. Lateral
line anteriorly, with Huinll cirri; doraal a]dueH very Blender, the lirsi 2
Hhorter than the otheru; peetoralH reaching front of anal. Dark di .ir
olive green; liead reddiNh rhaded, the buck with sharply defined cioss
blotches, alternately dark <M /e aud pale; lower half of sides usually willi
numerous small pale Hpots; belly bluish; fins barred with different sliiulrs
ttf olive, rt^ldish brown, aud black; northern Hpeeiuuuis with a bliMk s|>(it
on the front of the Hpiuous dorsal; below it n scarlet crescent, bordi nd
with yellow. Length 5 inches. Tacilic coast of N<n'th America, froni
Pnget Sound to San Luis Dbispo, in rock pools; not eoumjon. Ihii'
described from speeimcns from Monterey. (Itiliialia, pertaining to I lie
sid»*.)

Scofpmikiehtlnin lateraUx, TJuiAKD, Troc. Ac. Kat. Sci. Pliila. 1854, 145. (Types, Niis. "Jt*.

San Luis Obispo, Coll. Liont. Tro\vliri<l(.'<'i imd 30fl, San Francisco, Coll. Dr. W. (>.

Ayrca.)
Artediim lateralis, aiiiAun, I'roo. Ac. Nat. Sci. riiila.'lSSO, 134; OntAitn, U. S. Pac I.' 1!

Surv., X, Fislien, 70, pi. 22a, tigs. 5 and 6, 18."i8; GCntuer, Cat., n, 174, 1860.

Jordan ami Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1U03

tiJMl. AliT»:i>ll S \MI>»;KI I.I N, SturkM.

HoimI 2*t; (Irittli 4. I). I\-I(t; A. 12; «yi> I in lica.i; miixilliiiy 'li\
iiiHlt \. I'liilllc ol' lit>iHl iM'oiiilly luiiiMlfil tVoiii tip ul' Hiiiiiil. t«i occiput, Mil'
siMiiit Vriy Ntft'p; Iowit itiitllii<> nl' lit'iul iiniily lioii/itiitiil, iiioiitli iit Inwt'l'
.ispcrt of linid littl«', if any, oltlii|iii>; niiixilliiry n-acliin^ to lirluw niiiidic
of i>yt>; villiforni tuctii on jiiWH, voumt, an<l palatim-M; naHal tpint's pritnil-
iH'iit. prcoprrniiar proiTHH HJioi't, liifnicatts the rntiic Hpin«< rovcrnl witli
Mkin, W Ninall spincN ilrvclopcti on «-<1ut' of prropcnii' licjow it ; top of in-a«l
naki'tl, with many inuionH poi-i>H; intiToihital Huarc narrow, coinavr, itn
witltli alMMit \ ry«>; a .viilc hand of Hti'on|r|y rtt-noiil HialrH ajon^ hark,
stiirtinu ojtpoMitr front of HpinonH tlorNnl, ami Im>Iow it a tlintainr n|Mal to'
IHtpil, ^ratliniliy rnnnin^ npwanl anti nrarly toucliin^ tin* liaKi< nf hiift
iliHHal, joining; itH f*-Mow of thi* o])poHit«' Hi<li< ht'liintl dorHal, and ron-
tihuin^ on caudal jinlunt'lo to mitlway ht'twern hint ray of dornal and
lias*' of cainlal ; at its '.vidcHt part, iindcr front of Hoft dorHal, it in !l KralfH
wiili' in an oldiipU' Hfrirn; B3 oldii|no scrirs in itH Irn^tli; latt-rnl linr
iinurd with 35 ctMioid H«alt>Hin a Hinglc si'rit'H; all tin- HialfH rnilM'ddt'd on
llicir lowtT anterior rd^rg and ftmoid on tht'ir upper poHtrrior imI^cn;
iiaki'il ur«'u hctwi't-n lateral liui< and hand of HcaleM, at its widest part
narrower than han<l of Heales; spinous dorHal ronn<led in outline, not
joined to Hoft dorsal; peetoral reaehin^; to haHe of Hoveuth or ei^htli ray of
Hiift dorHal; ventrals reaehin^ vent. Color olive hrown, with 1 or 5 dark
irregular croHH itarn lUi huek, whieh hreak up and form retienlatiouH
around white H]»otM on siden, the htwer of these M|totH forming; Heniieireles
Diily where they run into the white of the helly, the lirHt erotsH liar under
iViint of spinous dorsal, the Heetuni under front of sid't dornal, the third
iiiHler posterior third of soft dorsal, ami the fourth imlieate<I hy a Idoteh
nil oaiulal pedunele; a dark streak at hane of caudal lin; under partH
wliite; veutralH and anal white, other tins crossed with umlulatin^ Mim-h;
lips dusky. This spccleM differs from ArUdiiin latrral'm, with which it
Minis to he moHt closely related, in having ii wider and longer hand nf
HI ales, and in other Ichh important characterH. Len){th U inches. Pn^^et
Siiiind, in the vicinity of I'ort liUtllow, Washington, where U Hpeciuu'us
were ohtained in IHlHi hy Mr. Htarks. {asptrnliia, »oniowhat rough.)

Aitediimaiperulus, Stauks, I'roo. (Jul. \v.. Hi-i., mirii'H 2, Vol. VI. 181MI, r>r>3, Port Ludlow,
Washington. (Tyiw, No. 5040. L. S. Jr. Univ. Mas. Coll. K. C. Starks.)

713. AXYRIAS, .Starks.

.1 ri//in«, Starrr, Proc. Cal. Ac. Scl., HerlcH 2, Vol. vi, 1800, 5.'i4 {harringloni).

Top of head with patches of ctenoid Hcaloa and cirri; a hanil of very
small scalcH below dorsals, an<l asiiiKle row of hn^er oiu^s tollowiu); the
lateral lino; villlforra teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatineH; preopercular
spines 3, the upper short, very narrowly ftu-ked, the others Hniull ; dorsals
iiitt connected; };ill membranRs united, free from the iHthmiiH; no slit
liiliind last^ill; ventrals I, 3. This jfenns is closely related to Artidiua,
t'liiloiioliis, and Aatrohftva, It ditfers from Artediiia in the rough head and

■ V!"^!ssry '•S*cSt??«?

1904 Ihillctin 4.7, United States National Museum.

Hinnllcr HoalcH, and from Astroli/tee iuhI Chilonotiis in tlir Hinj^lr fork to tlic
picopcrciiliir Hpiiu\ and in tbo sumlh-r Hcalcs. (rt-privative, ni^t; ^vpiiti, a
shaveliiifi;; d^VfJiai, ouo unshorn.)

2285. AXYBIAN HARRINOTOM, SurkH.

Head 28; depth 4^ D. IX-10; A. 12; eye 4 in head; maxillary 21.
Upper profile of hesid steep from tip of snotit to above eyes, thence nearly
horizontal; month at lower aspect of head, the jaws snbe(inal; maxilliiry
reaching to the vertical from pnpil; villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, iiiul
])alatiiies; eye sot hi<;h in head, its dianu-tcr a little less than length oT
snout; iiiterorbital space nearly concave, its width about i eye; \i\)]\va-
preopercnlar spine short, its length about i of eye, very narrowly bifnr-
<-ate at tip, the forks very small; below it on edge of preopercle a second
spine, small and blunt, and a third scarcely developed; nasal spincH
prominent; top of head and upper part of operdos with patches of ctenoid
scales, a patch on posterior part of interorbital space and behind eycH.
sending a narrow band backwards along each side of head above opercles,
and a few in front of dorsal, leaving a seminaked area in front of occiput,
which has a few scales scattered over it; many cirri on top of head scat-
tered among the scales, 1 above posterior edge of each eye, 1 over anterior
edge of eye, 2 or ii around edge of preopercle, I on end of maxillary, and !
at each anterior lateral scale back to about middle of lateral line; a baml
of rough scales along back, about 7 scales wide anteriorly, and compoatid
of about 47 oblique series; the scales obliciuely eml»edded, the upper pos-
terior edges strongly ctenoid, the lower anterior edges embedded; a naked
area of nearly the same v/idth as band between it and spinous dorsal, the
band running upwards posteriorly and touching second dorsal at about its
middle, running back and joining its fellow of the opposite side beliind
the second dorsal, and eiuling midway between base of last ray and base
of caudal; a r.ingle row of 36 scales similar to the others following later;;!
line. Dorsal spines subequal from the first to the sixth or seventh, the
fin not cciniected with soft dorsal, which is about the same height as the
spinous; pectoral rather large, reaching to the base of fourth or fifth dor-
sal ray ; ventrals scarcely reaching vent ; insertion of anal midway between
middle of eye and base of caudal, its longest ray about e:xual to thofc of
dorsal. Ground color olive, with about 5 dark cross bars on back, tln'
first bar under middle of spinous dorsal, the second under front of soft
dorsal, the third under its middle, and the fourth under its end, the liltli
being represented by a blotch on top of caudal peduncle; a dark streaU
at base of caudal fin ; sides ,vith many clear-cut, round, white spots, grow-
ing larger downward; the lower row only half spots where the white of
the spot runs into the white on lower part of body; belly white; lips iiiul
under parts of head with dark, olive brown, wavy bars of about the same
width as the interspaces; fins with wavy dark streaks, except anal and
ventrals, which are white. Coloration very similar to Arledius l<itcva}r.'.
Length 2i inches, Puget Sound, in the vicinity of Port Ludlow, Wnsh-
iugtoii. One specimen taken in 1896 by Mr. Starks. ("I take pleasuK;

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1005

ill iwiining this Bpecies for I'reHuloiit Mark Walrod Harrington of the
University of Washinj^^ion." Starks.)

.I.ii/rirt» Itarringtoni, Staiikh, I'soo. Cal. Ac. Sci., srripB 2, Vol. vi, 1896, .IM, pi. 74, Port Lud-
low, Washington. (Type, No. 5047, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. AIuh.)

ine; a baml

714. ARTEDIELLUS/ .Jordan.

\miliellu8, Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 110, 1885 {tineinatm).

lU'iul liroad; tocth on vomer and palatines; proopprrnlar spiiios 2, the
Mjjper larg*^, Htrongly booked upward, with no antler-like pnices-scH ahove;
no slit behind last gill; gill inenilManes free from isthmns; skin naked,
MiMtoth; spinous dorsal short, not notcheil. Northern .seas. This genus
seems to ho nearest to ArUdiua, from which it dillers chiefly in the naked
skin of head and hody. (Name a diiniu'.'.tive of Arlcdiits.)

a. Pectoral rnys about 30; caudal rays ((lfvelo])e(l) 11; head with few cirri.

h. Occiput witli a bony "^T/iulieraiu'e on i-acb side, provided with radiating ridges.

UNCI.NATDS, 2286.

bb. Occipr* rt'itbont bony protnberanro having radiating ridges, its place taken

by a blunt occipital rid<,'o or Hi)ine. atij^nticus, 2287.

aa. Pectoral rays 22 to 24 ; caudal with 9 developed rays; head with many ('irri ; occiput

with A'ery low round ridges or with none. pacificcb, 2288.

2286. AIITEDIELU'S l><I\ATIIS (Roinhardt).

Head 21 D. VII or VIII, 12 to 14; A. 11; P. 18; V. 4; eye 2i in head;
pores of lateral line 18. Head brosid, oviitc;; eyes set high, the inter-
nrldtal very narrow, niuoh less than diameter of eyi-; j;iwK subequal;
teeth rating' slender, on .jaws, vomer, and palatines. Preoperele armed
with 2 spines, the lower short, pointing downward, the upp«'r long,
s*'()iigly (curved and sharp; opcrcio below with a single spine, termi-
i..iting above in .a soft convex flap, eoneealing beneath a depressed, but
sliiirp-poinred spine; between the anterior and posterior pairs of nostrils
occur 2 short spines .-md at the occiput 2 others, all of which, in oonimtm
with the otiier spines, are directed downward, and project but slightly
iiltove the integument; si small, short cirrus on th(^ posterior margin
of the upper jaw, iinmediately in front of angle of mouth; si small,
])ointed cirrus above eye; origin of first dorsal above base of pectoral, its
licight i head; second dorsal a little higher; anal as high as si'conu dorsal,
coterminous with it; pectoral extending slightly beyond front of seeoinl
•lorsal (in adults); ventrals long, reaching nciirly to vent. Color whitish
with 3 grayish brown bands jicross body, middle band broadest from base
of second dorsal; in adults the bands are brrdcon up and not conspicuous ;
tins with <d)lique traverse bands, well (b'lined, except on anal, where they
iire faint. (Collett.) Arctic Europe; s.t id to cross to Greenland; its range
southward uncertain. (Eu.) (uncinaliis, hooked.)

"The Japanese genus Trachidennus, Heckel (CentridermicMhm, Richardson), to which
this species and many others of our Cottoids have been referred by authors, diti'ers from
.U-U'diellus in having' the slit behind the last gill developed and thJ' gill membranes fully
united to the isthmus. It is an ally of Cottus, of which genus it may be the ancestor

:w'

1900 niillttin 47, United States National Mnseuni.

Cotttiit nneinatus, llGiNirARDT, Vid. Selnk. Natur. Math. AHi. 1833,44, Qreenland.
Jcelvg uncinatus, KnovEii, Niiturli. TidsHkr. 1844, 253.

Cintridermichlhji» i(»»cino<M«, GDnther, Cat., 11,172, 1860; Cou.ett, Korske Nord-Iluv:!
Kxp<!d., 20, 1880.

iiW. AIITKDIKLLIIS ATLANTICIIS, Jordan & Evermanii, now ftpecies.

H(>u(l2?,; (l<'i»th.-.; D. VII, 13; A. 11; P. 20; cyoSinhead; maxillary 2':
pfctoral H; ixncs in lutcn'iil liiu! 20. liody rather eloiijjate, loliust aiitf-
liorly, greatest height at origin of dorsal; l>o<ly tapering gradually into
the long slender caudal peduncle ; mouth moderate, tln^ maxillary reaehinj;
to below middle of pupil; narrow bands of villiform teeth on Jaws, vomer,
and palatines; interorldtal a narrow ridge; anterior nostril ending in ii
short tube; a line of pores around orbitals to preopercle; nasal H])iiii s
present, very short, a pair of blunt protuberances at occiput; a larjic,
sbar]), strongly curved spine at preopercle, and a short straight quo below
it pointing downward and forward ; a suuill Ih'shy papilla in front of eui li
eye, and a minute thread-like tentacle at «'ud of nuixillary ; origin of dor-
sal over base of pectoral ; pectoral reaching past notch between dorsals,
ventrals inserted behind lower end of pectoral base, in distance equal to
length of snout, their tips not quite reaching vent. Color in ■ 'vi(s,
creamy, witli indi<"ations of reddish-brown cross Itars, the sani' c , jis
back; a dark Itlotch at base of caudal; head somewhat mottled wilL
brown; spinous dorsal blackish with 2 white streaks and a series of spots
running transversely across the spines; second dorsal with 6 dark cross-
bands, anal with 4 similar bands; pectoral and caudal with 2 or 3 irregu-
lar cross bars. This species difters from Collett's figure in the spines on
the occiput, being represented in the cut as lower down toward the sides
of head, and with radiating striations. Labrador to Cape Cod; in rathir
deep water. Here described from a specimen 21 inches long from Massa-
chusetts Bay, taken by the U. >S. Fish Commission. Very close to Arteditl-
Iii8 niicinatun with which it has been hitherto identified, but apparently
distinct.

Iceliis vncinaius, .Johdan &. ( iILBEUT, Synoijsis, fi!K!, 1883, specimen from coast of Massa-
chusetts.
Artedielhu uncinattu, (iOode &. JtEAN, Oroaiiii' Iclith,V(ilojj;y, 267, tig. 255, 1806.

22S8. ARTKIIIKLLIIS PAMFU'IS, (iilhert.

D. VII or VIII-12 or 13; A. 11 or 12; P. 23, 2 (22 to 24); V. I, 3; caudal
with 9 divided rays (not 11 as in ArtedkUus nncinatna) ; lateral lino 24 (L'2
to 20) ; length of head (measured to end of OT>ei:cular flap) 2| to 2\^g ; dei>tii
4,'; ; b'ast de])th of caudal peduncles IJ tinu's in orbit; its length, from base
of last anal ray, 2fj in head. \'ery closely related to ArtcdieUus uniinulii»,
differing in the «'ntire obsolescence of the occi]>ital protuberauces or
ridges, in the incn^ased number of cirri on the head, the more numerous
pores of the lateral line, the greater number of rays in the pectoral tins.
and the reduction in the rays of the caudal. This diagnosis is the result,
of a comparison of our types with Collett's description of Centridirniieli-
thys uncinalna (Norske Nord-Havs Expediti ni, 1880, 29), no typical

-j

■.i)w^..v -Aij "Xfi

V- — :^'f^--^:'\

i^-Jc-':j^aU'j>it''4-i£'J^-.w

m

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1007

spcciinons btdng at band for C()in|iariHon. Hoad ovonly ronndod in all
(lin-ntions, t\w orbital region not olovatrd, tbr snout not angnlatt-d;
inontb Bligbtly largt'r in nnilcH than in ft'Uiiib'H, reaching vtTticnl from
middle or po.iterior margin of pupil, 2 J to 2^ in hiMid; lower jaw shorter
iliiin the upper, a portion of tht! premaxillary band of teeth projecting
lieyond the niundible in closed mouth; teeth cardiform, in rather broad
li.inds on jaws, and in patches of varying si/e on vomer and palatines; in
hiiMie siiecimens a few teetli occur in a singh* convex series on front of
\ Miner, and but 3 or 1 form a line on ])al:itiiies; in others, we find an irreg-
ular double 8eri(>s or a narrow baud on each of these bones; the teeth are
:i I ways strong and are probably in adult Hpecimens never entirely want-
ing ou either vomer or palatines; longitudinal diameter of orbit 3i in
luad ; interorbital K]),i<e very narrow, shallowly concav«', <'ntirely occn-
|)i(»l by the supriaocuiar eauals, which unite in a wingle port* opposite
[losterior margin of orbit; least interocular width | pupil; premaxillary
piocesses projecting but little beyond the ]trotlIe; nasal spines very small;
liiith pairs of nostrils in short tubes, the posterior situated on anterior
oiltital rim; occiput with 2 very inconspicuous low rounded ridges,
!i|ipieciated with ditficnlty, and sometimes entirely wanting. No trace of
the occipital spine seen in Massachusetts specimens of J >7«rfic//H« atlan-
llriis, nor of the conical pi-otuberances described and figured by CoHett.
iiarbels numerous; maxillary barbel large and conspicuous, sometimes
simple, more often compound, furnished with from 1 to 4 short lateral
liranches; a well-develo]»ed supracxinlar cirrns, and a pair of cirri on jms-
l( rior margin of occiput, the 'atter occupying the position of occipital
spines; a short cirrus near ba»o o+' opercular ilap, and 2 or 3 on pr«'opercIe,
'.' (»f which aro usually at base of th»» y»reopercnlar s))ineH; 2 cirri on ante-
rior part of trunk, 1 immevliately above base of pectorals, the otln^r half-
way between lateral line and fiont of spinous dorsal ; 8ometim<>s additional
cirri above front of lateral line, and on lower margin of snbocular ring;
11 series of 4 or 5 very short cirri crossing the eye horizontally immediately
iiliovo tlie pupil; gill membranes broadly united, joined to the isthmns
iiutcriorly, with a wide free margin; gills 3i, no slit or pore behind last
;iich; preopercular B]>ine8 as in ArteiUiJlus imnnattia, the ujjper one with-
imt smaller basal spine. Dorsal tins well separated, low in females,
extraordinarily developed in males, the spinous dorsal in the latter well
overlapping front of second dorsal and having all of the spines exserted,
tli;' median ones for + their length ; these exserted spines with their free
portions narrowly margined with membrane w^hich widens at their tips
to form a cutaneons Ha]); soft dorsal also somewhat eievatcd in males;
viiitral fins reaching halfway to vent in feniab's, about f this distance iu
males. A series of 5 wide mucous slits running along lower edge of sub-
orbital ring and across ch»'ek; pores of lateral line minute, at the ends of
uliort downwardly directed branches, the main line opening in a large
slit-like pore at base of caudal. Color much as in Ailed'uUuH unvhmtua,
the lower parts whitish, unmarked, the dorsal region of the trunk crossed
by 3 wide dark bars, which often, in adults, break up into s]>ot8 separated
l>y verniiculations of the lighter ground color, 1 of these bars below the

•1

. . ■ I: ;

• ■■ ..1'

'»PE • ■^

i i

1008 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

spinoiiH dorsal, running downward and forward to base of pectoralH, tlir
Hocond under soft dorsal, the third on caudal peduncle; top and sideu ol
head generally dark, with fine light dots or v^rniicnlationH ; a ii;;lit
Htreak Houiotinies prcHent, extending from prcoperciilar spine forwanl
and inward, meeting its fellow inniiediately behind tyes: "^his V-Hha]M'(i
niur|{ usually absent or inconspicuous, but sonietiuu's, in young spccinicns.
formed of bright silvery- white pigment; other silvery spots or blottlirs
may occur on the lighttT intervals of the back or sid^s; pectorals, dorNiil.
and caudal cross-banded; a black blotch at baso of n))per and 1 at liasc oi
lower pectoral rays; tips of «dongate dorsal s])incB of the nuihi black;
veutrals and anal unmarked. Coast of Alaska, in Bristol Itay, soutli ni
Saunak Island and north of Unalaska, at depths of from ^ to 61 fathoms.
((Gilbert.)

Artfdifllvg pacificvt, Git.HKRT, Ropt. U. S. Fisli Coinni. 1893 (1896), 410, south of Sannak
Island, at Albatross Station -216. (Type, in U. S. Nut. Mim. Cull. Gilbert.)

715. RUSCARIUS, Jordan & vStarks.

Jiusearius, Johiian & Stauks, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 807 (meani/i).

This genus is allied to Inlus, differing in the stouter, firmer body, and
especially in having the back, above Literal line, covered entirely witli
scattered rough scales, not arranged in a definite band; no naked area
b(!l<»w dorsal or in front of dorsal; 3 or 4 preopercular spines, only the
upper well dcvelojted; no bony plates along base of dorsal; no scalo
below laleral line; preopercniar spine long, bifurcate. Characters other-
wise much as in Aricdiiix and Tcrhis, {nmrKriKm, from riiscum, the biifcli-
ers broom, a rough plant, in allusion to the prickly scales.)

228«. RUSCARIUS IHEANYl, Jordoii & Starks.

Head 2^ ; depth \U. D. V-U; A. 12; lateral line 6-32; orbit 4 in head;
maxillary 2; snout 4; highest dorsal spine 3; highest dorsal ray 3; pecto-
ral IJ; veutrals 2;}; caudal 2J. Body robust, deepest and broadest at
shoulders, tapering <|uickly backward into a slender caudal peduncle;
back somewhat elev.ated; the ventral <mtliue nearly straight from chin to
caudal fin; dorsal outline gently and evenly curved from snout to caudal
peduncle. Mouth terminal and nearly horiz(mtal, maxillary reach in>i
past pupil nearly to posterior edge of orbit; Jaws subequal, teeth in nar-
row villiform bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; process of premaxil-
lary prominent, extending between and above nasal spines; preopercniar
spine well developed, forked at tip, the forks small, the inner one the
longer, 3 or 4 short spini^s below on edge of preopercle; opercle ending in

*Nniiu'rous aiierimeiiB vrcTO taken in 1890 by the Albatrotg, at Stations 3637, 3638, iiiiil
36.39, otl St. raiil Island, in 32, 34, and 27 fathonis; 3643 and 3(i44, off rrovostmaya, Kiiin
chatka, lUO and 90 fathuniH; 3647 and 3648, ott' Kobbon Inland, in 20fatbonm; also taken
oil' Karluk in 1897. Some of these specimens are in better state of preservation and sliow
the bead with more pore.s than could be made out in the types. The top of head i.s thickly
studded with these pores, 3 or 4 of which are in the interorbital space. A series of very
wide slits alon^ under surface of mandilde, continued to base of preoj>ercular spine. Tlie
wide slits alouj; edge of preorbital and on cheek are usually 6 in number.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1900

;i llap; top of liojid witli doriiiiil tliipH, 1 over mittirior iniir<;iii of c,ve, iiiwl
;i i;n»iii> of L' or W over ]>«)Ht<M'ior iiiiirgin; a few slutrler ones on impc ;
iiiucoiia poru8 iirouiul inautlihle large; oporclu, upper part ol preoperilu,
lop of head to eye8, and the orbital ring, covered with aharply ctenoid
scahw, upper part of iriH with HUiall roujili scales, balance of Lead naked.
Lateral lino with a row of rough plates; ujiper half of body completely
covered with scales, their anterior edge <-nibedded, coiirsely ctenoid on
their posterior edge; lower half of body naked. Dorsal spines slender,
ilioso in the middle highest, the lin without a notch, the longest spines
reaching to front of soft dorsal whore lin is deiiressod, well separated from
«(itt dorsal; llrst dorsal ray inserted over lirst anal ray, the tin longer and
lii<;her than anal; pectorals somewhat pointed posteriorly, reaching Just
piist the space between dorsals; voutrals inserted behind the Itase of
|M<ctorals a distance equal to the length of snout, their tips reaching to
tlic front of the anal; caudal slender, rounded behind. Color olive gray,
belly dusky; back with dark cross shades, irrogular in number and size,
litlow lateral line light with small wavy bars running across to within a
sliiirt distance of anal Hu, and fading out; head with cross shades above;
a dark bar from eye to side of snout, 1 from eve downward past end of
uiiixiUary, another behind it across posterior edge of prooperclo; some
(lark markings «m maxillary; lower lip dark; pectorals light with dark
wavy lines across them ; dorsal fins dark and mottled; anal and ventrals
varying from white to black; caudal with a dark bar at base, light with
irregular dark cross markings. Piiget Sound ; 2 specimens dredged, about
U inches ir length, at Point Orchard, near .Seattle, Washington. (Named
for Edmond Stephen Meany, Professor of Ameri<-an History in the Univer-
,sity of Washington, a leading member of the Young Naturalists' Society
of Seattle.)

liuicarins meanyi, Jobdan & Stauks, Troc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1891), 805, pi. 80, Port Orchard,
Elliott Bay, Puget Sound. (Type, No. 3127, L. S.Jr. I'uiv.Mus. Coll.E.C. Starks.)

716. RASTRINUS, .Jordan & Evermann.

h'dstrinug, JOHDAN & EvEHMANN, Cliock-List Fishes, 437. 1H9H (sexMycr).

Tills genus is near Ivvlus, IVom which it differs in tli«^ absence of the
.series of dorsal plates, the l)aek being elo.sely scaly as iu Jiuscarins. Four
preopercular spines, all simple and weak. Head rough; sides l)elow
lateral line scaly; upper preopercular spine simph; or bifurcate; liody
sieiider; eye very large. Pacific Ocean, (rastruiii, a scraper, from the
lough scales.)

2290. BASTRIM'S SCUTKJKll (Bean)

Head 3 ; depth 5. D. IX, 19 : A. 18 ; V. T, 3 ; lateral line 41 ; eye twice as
litiig as snout and f as long as head; maxillary extending to below middle
ttl'eye, and broadly expaii<h'd behind; interorhital space extremely nar-
row, less than J length of eye; pe«'toral extending to above sixth ray of
iiiial; preoperculum having a weak, simph^ spin(^ hookc^d upward, and 3
weak ones pointing backward and downward; teeth on vomer and palate ;

■'j':l ;

'H 1

■ mjAWUWJPJJJIIIMUlJI,:,

Stl

1910 niilletin /7, United States National Museum.

1i«>a(l with inititito Hpiiiy hi-iiIos, inoHt altiin<liiiit on t1i«< npi)i>r lirif ; nil of tlir
hiifk tiltovr liitrnil lint' tlniscly <'<>v«'if<l \\ if li siiiiill spiny Mrjilts; liitriji]
liiu« uiii(l«« lip of niiNiMl tiib«'H; ii r«nv I'oiijrli Hciilcs initlrr liitiMiil lino on
Ht'i-onil hiilt' of liody; briiiirliiostc};!)! iiifiiilinin«>s liioiiilly iiiiitnl antl wtll
iViTil iVoin istliniiia; slit Ix-liiinl foiiitii ^ill olisolt-to; spinous iIdihiiI very
lii^li, its lon^t'st spiiio jj iih Ion;; ns Ih-jmI; alioiit 4 liirj{i>, tlaik hlotclii.s
an'oHH hark ami st-vcral Binallrr ont-s hrtwcrn tliriii. Li>ii);th Hj^ inclics.
Boring St-a, off Trinity Islanils, in d»')'p water. (Bran.)

Conrrrning this spct-h's, Dr. Gilhi-it oIihcivcs:

This HptM-iuH Ih (listin^iiishttd from all othiM'H in the {i>:uiin8 IwIuh hy the
ubHOUco of thu HoriuH of uiilar^eil spinoiiH platos alou^' thu hasi; of tlio doisiil
till. Our Hpe<-iiueii8 agroo with the typ»» in having tho sides above latoiul
lino densely lovenMl with scales. Those are not nnjforni in si/.n, and air
arranged in rather irregular oblique aerirs. The sides behind pectoiiils
<'ontain large H|»inoiis plates, and (he tail btdow lateral line is diMisilv
scaled, leaving only a narrow, naked strip along viuh. side of anal ha.-c.
As stated, the upper half of head is densely covered with small pricklcn.
As in other species of Icilus, the upper preopcrcnlar spine may be Hiiii|ili>
or bifurcate. The latter condition obtains in nu)st of our specimens. All
of the preoperciilar spines are weaker than in other species of the ;;eiMis.
(!om|)ared with the nearest allies, larlits currops and Icdus eavulifiilalnn,
the species is further distinguished by its more roimst body (the de|itli
approximately 5 in length, instead of nearly (!), by the smaller eytj (in
which the snout is contained l.V times instead of nearly twice), the ii.ir-
rower interorbital space, the very slight development of the occipit.il
crests, the obsolescense of the occipital spines, and the great height of t In-
spinous dorsal fin in the male specime.is. It has also a shorter second
dorsal lin, the formuhein 11 specimens being IX, 19; IX, 19; IX, 19; IX. l!i;
IX, 19; IX, 20; X, 19; X, 19; X, 20; X, 20; X, 20. It has less the appeaianc(^
of a deep- Avater species, the mucous canals and pores being less conspicuous
and the color lighter, with no brownish-black or bine-black tints. In alco-
holic specimens the upper parts are light brown, the lower side of head and
belly, including the ventral tins, whitish. A vertical black bar occupies
base of upper half of pectorals, a streak cxt(Miding from its lower end out
along middle ray of lin. The bla<'k bars characteristic of its congeners
are here represented by irregular, rather sharply defined, blotches on liacU
and sides. These extend also onto si>inous and soft dorsal lins. A distinct
dark streak runs forward from eye, crossing preraaxillariea, and leavini;
tip of snout pale. Mouth and gill cavities white. North Pacific; nuuici-
ous specimens taken by the Alhatrosx south of the Alaskan Peninsula, at ,i
depth of 138 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (scutum, shiehl; ffero. I bear.)

Icelu* scutiger, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mas. 1890, 41, Trinity Islands, Alaska, 56° N., 154
ao' W., at Albatross Station 2853, in 159 fathoms; Gilbert, Keiit. U.S. Fish Couim.
1893 (1896), 415.

M

' -,';L.'..'^i*"^^JL3E;'n^

,*;;

Jordan and Ever mann, — Fishes of North Ameriea. 1911

'; iiilof till'
!<■'<; l.ittTjii

'■'ill liiu; on
"'«l iiihI well
• loiHiil very
'k lilotclii's
'i\ inclirs.

"dm liy tli(.
ftlio dorsal
)ove lateral
izo, aii<l arc
"1 pectoialH

in dtuiNfly

anal liasi-.
til priikJcH.
y bo 8iin|ili'
inifiiH. All

tho >;('iiiis.
vu lieu I (I lux,

(tb« <lf|.||i
lor t-yt; (ill
')> tlio 11. ir-
0 ocoipit.il
iijLfht oft lie
pter hccoikI

19; IX. Ill;

Itpeaniiico
unspicnoiis
111 alcii-
•1" head ami
ir occupies
er ond on!

cou<i;enors
08 ou ]>a<k

A distinct
id leuvinu

c; nniiicr-
asula, at M

)

56° N., 154
Fish Cuuiiii.

717. ICELUS, Kniyer.
Irehm, KH<">rEii, NnluruliHt 'I idnHkr. i, '.'.Vl, 184.1 (/kiwki/i/*).

lieud largo. rro(>))urciiIar spinoH i, the upper booked, sinipln or hifiP'-
catu at tip, without aiitlor-like itroccasuM. Occiput with ur withunt Hpinos.
Itody Hlondur, fusit'orin, with a dorHal sorioH uf Itouy jdatoH I'roni ueck to
l)aHo of caudal; lateral line with ohhoiih tiibia'ch's; Hcittorod scaleH on
sideH aud belly. (Sill inombrauos broadly uuitod, free from tho iHthmiiH,
no slit behind fourth y;ill. l)or>4alH Ho])arato; vontrals I, H, thoracic; nu
jioctural tilanienta. Villiforni teeth ou jaws, vomer, and ])alatinoH.
itranchiostogals 6. Arctic rcj.;ion8, ("/>reAo5, Icehin, son <»f Ilyitnus, tlio
i^od of sleep; Kriiyer says: " Navnot valf?t mod IlenHyn till ulkoartornes
Porskhod, saavelsom til <lou Nordlij;*' llopael, noglo ai Oldtidens Korfat-
tcro anvittte S0vugmlou.'')

((. Anal rays 14 or 15; depth about .I in luiiKtIi; lUirnal IX, 18 to 20; ucri|iiit witli 2
]mirs oCHpiiiOH on iiach sidu, a deep median pit l)cl\vcfn tiion). iiicoiiNis, 2'JOl.
na. Anal rays 17 to 10; dorsal VII to IX, lit to 24 ; depth .5 to 0 in longtli.

h. Dornal witli 10 or 20Hort rays; depth 5 iuleugtii; occiput nearly ]>lain, without
l)itor ])roniinu]it ri(l;;c.s. BPlN'ioi<:u, 2202.

bb. Dorsal with 2li or 24 sot't rays.

0. Dorsal spines IX; head with the nuicons channels not greatly developed ;
top of head scaly fir prickly.
d. Eye 2J to 2^ in head, twice length of snout. KUBYOPs, 220;}.

dd. Eyo2il to :i in head, 1) times length of snout; top of head with :i
pairs of fllaiuents. vkinalis, 2204.

ce. Dorsal spines VII or VI 1 1 ; top of heail mostly smooth ; operclos smooth ;
1 pair of filaments on fop of head; mueiferoiis chitniieln of Lead
highly developed. canaliculatuh, 2205.

ana. Anal and dorsal rays unknown ; body very slender, .epth 7 in length; no occipi-
tal spines; eye 3 in head. AUSTBAUS, 2296.

2-iOl. U;ELI;K KICOKMS (Ileinhardt).

Head 3; depth 5. D, IX, 19 or 20; A. 14 or 15; V. I, 3; P. 18 or 19. Hotid
large, naked; upper preopercular Hpine Huiall, hooked upward, bifur-
cate, 3 spines below it, 2 of them hooked upward; 2 bliiut occipital
spines; vertex depressed. Skin of body above with warty scales and
small prickles; some rows of bony scales from neck to base of caudal ; a
scries of plates along lateral line; sides of body with scattered scales;
scales on sides between the plates variable, as also tho scales below pec-
torals; small scales sometimes along base of anal; iuterocular space very
narrow, its width 4 in eye ; dorsals separated ; pect(»rals shorter than head ;
nuchal spines varying with age; with the young the anterior pair half-
way between eye and posterior pair, with adults, the 2 pairs touching,
the posterior much longer ; preopercular spine simply emarginate iu young ;
adult with the plates more nmgh ; no air bladder ; gill membranes broadly
Joined, free from isthmus; no slit behind last gill. Yellowish, with mauy
brown spots.

Ensign H. G. Dresol thus de.scribes a fine example, 6 inches long, of
this species (No. 28630 U. S. Nat. Mut.. collection) obtained in Davis Straits
l.y Mr. N. P. Scudder: D. IX, 20; A. 16; P. 18; V. 1,3; lateral line 41.

•SsiMi!sr-SSK^m

"■^-fjw^^rsff^Wr'

amvi

!

1911

nullt'tin /7, knifed States Natiotial Museum.

The Ixidy is ('iiMiforin, with tiit- ulMloiiiiniii <mtliiit> nearly Ntniiglit; tin
);i'i>at«-Ht hiM^ht of the hotly nt the <iri{iriii of th*- HpinoiiH dorHiil liii is
][ of th*' total Ini^rth of thr caudal hiiHo. The ruinliil pctluiiclc is HluiKhr.
the least height of the tail heiiig only \ of thu frreatest height of thr
hody. Tb(t head is lar)j;o ami naked, its length lieing eontained L'jj tinie>>
in the total length to the eauilal hiise. The nuchal re;>iun hits a eross
ridge in front of which is a quudiate dH))ression. Tho occiput is aiinni
with a i>air of blunt spines, tho length of a spine being \ of the greateNi
diameter of the eye. At the base of earh spine is a blunt protuberance.
The preopcrcle is armed with \ spines, the njtpor of which is the lon-r
est, bifureate, ami hookcil upward, the 1 next below is slightly bent
upward, and tho remaining 2 are bent downward and forward. The sub-
orbital stay is prominent. The eye is large, placed next to the n]>]ier ])ro-
tile of the head, its greatest diameter is etjual to the length of the snout,
ami is \ of the length of the head. The interorbital an-a is very narrow
and concave, its width being :t of the greatest iliametcr of the eye. Tlie
nui.\illa extends slightly beyond the vertical through the jjosterior nuirgin
of the eye, and its length is c<nitained 2 times in the length of the head.
The teeth are in villiform bands on the jaws, vomer, and palatiii"*. Tiic
body is chietly naked, with a dorsal si-ries of 2\\ bony, scale-like plates
beginning opposite the sixth dorsal spine and extending upon tlm upper
side i)f the caudal peduncle; a secon»l scries of 11 similar plates along the
lateral line. There are 2 or 3 of these plates on either side of tho nape,
behind the occipital spines, and a patch of 4 or 5 plates below the lateral
line in the pectoral region. The spinous dorsal begins ov«t thc^ tip of flic
opercular Hap, ami the length of its base is equal to that of the upper Jaw ;
it is composed of 9 slender iind flexible Hi)iues, the hmgest spine being as
long as the distance from the tip of the snout to the orbit. Th«( soft dor-
sal, of 20 rays, begins halfway between the tip of the snout and the base
of the caudal tin. Its base is nearly as long as the head, and the long-
est ray is \ the length of its base. The origin of tho anal fin is under
the third dorsal ray; the length of its base is equal to th(^ greatest height
of tho body, an<l the longest ray is as long as the longest dorsal 8]»ine.
Tho caudal fin is rounded, the middle rays being as long as the maxilla.
The length of the pectorjil base is \ of that of the head, and tho longest
pectoral ray is equal in length to the greatest height of tho body. Th.'
ventral fin is composed of 1 spin<i and 3 rays, its h'ngth being \ of that of
the head. Ther*^ are lU) gill rakers, but the anterior arch bears 9 or 10 low
tubercles. Color in spirits, a light olive brown above, yellowish below;
belly white; a large dark brown blotch, marked with white, t^xtemls
from the base of the spinous dorsal down upon the side to the bas«' of the
pectoral fin, being darkest Just behind the opercular flap; a second sim-
ilar, but narrower, blotch on the back from the seventh to the tenth dor-
sal rays extends obli(iuely down and forward to below the lateral line ;
a third faint blotch on the back, at the end of the soft dorsal; in addi-
tion ihero ar«i numerous smaller spots and blotches along the lateral lim%
and a triangular spot on the caudal peduncle at the caudal base; cheeks

i':-.:i'^^':JKf-iyMi^.L^~i'':.U^

'wm

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North Amirica, 1913

lirowii, iiiarbltid w-itli yrllow; tlorsiil, catuliil, iiiul ix^ctoral tins with iinr-
ruw lilar|{ truuHTorBU ItamlN; a daik spot on tlu- puotural tin near its ItuHc;
;iuul uad vuutruls oolurlvHs.

Couoorning its occuroucu in Alaska, Dr. (iilbort ubHorves:

"Not hitlierto recorded from Taritir waters. Onr HpeciinoiiH are iiioro
I'onHtaut in their charactorH than tlie Atlantiu individiialH rtiportcd on by
(.'ollett (Den Norako Nord-IIavH iOxpiiditioii, IHXO, :{5). A detinitu narrow
band of line prickles extends alon^ the npp*>r cdgit of tlio dorsal HeriuH of
|ilat«'H, UHiially otciipying less than .1 tlie upace l)ctw«>eii plates and baHu
of dorsals, and extending posteriorly to end of soft dorHal. 8iniilai-
pricklcH rover top and sides of hrad. The plates «)f the lateral \\\w
invariably extend to the root of the caudal tin, and the dorsal series to
tlit^ back of the caudal petlunclu. None of the speeinieiiB befi»re us has
plates along the base of the anal tin. The Hpecies ditlers conspicuously
from fcdn8 spin'ujcr and loelns ranali<;iil(ttun in having a deep pit on occi-
put, bounded laterally by high occipital ridges, each of which bears 2
roumUid prominences or spines. The preopercuhir spines are longer and
Hliarper, and the bifurcation of the upper spine tleeper than in the species
luuntioned. In 2 individuals the upper spine is trifurcate, the brunches
very long and carving upward. The tin rays in (5 speeiniens are as fol-
lows: Dorsal VIII, 20; IX, 19; IX, 21; IX, 20; IX, 20; IX, ID. Anal 10, 1(J,
15, 17, 16, 15. These average slightly higher than counts of Atlantic
specimens, none of which is at hand for coni]>ariaon. The Pacitic form
may jtrove specifically separable. The species is not al»undnntly repre-
sented in our collection. It was taken only within a limited area north
uf Unimak Island, in depths of 17^ to 49 fathoms, at AlhatrosB Stations
,'{250, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, and 3256."

Arctic seas; circumpolar, if all specimens named hicornis and hamatns
belong to one species, which is doubtful. Spitzbergen to northern Kussia,
I'iulaud, Alaska, Labrador, and Cape Cod; abundant about Qreenlantl in
2 to 100 fathoms. Length 6 inches. (Eu.) (fticornis, two-horned.)

Cultus bieornis* Rkinharut, Vid. Selsk. Nat\ir. Math. Afli., viu, 1833, 75, Greenland.

dentridermichthys bicornu, GOntheb, Cat., u, 172, 1860.

Iciim biconiis, Jobdan ifc Gilueut, Syuopsis, 693 ; (iiLUEiiT, Kept. U.S. Fiah. Coiiiiii. 18!»3
(1890), 411.

Icdus hamalu», KRrtYEB, Nat. Hist. Tidsskr., i, 25U, 1844, Belsund in Spitzbergen;
GCnthek, Cat., II, 172; GCnthek, Challenger Ucport, xxu, 03; Collett, Norj;eH Fi«ke,
35; CoLLETT, Forli. Vid. Selsk. C'hriHt., 14, 1880; Coli.ett, Norsk Nordli.Exped., Fiske,
34, tab. 1, tig. 8 ; NytMag. f. Niitiirvid., xviii, 56, 1884; LUtken, Kara-IIavists Fisko iu
Uympbiia-Togtet, 123; LUtken, Vid. Met. Nat. For., 02, 1870; STRfiM, Norsk. Vid. Si'lak.
Skrift., 18, 1884; LiLLJEBOKO, Svorig. ocU Norg. Fiske, 164; Dke«el, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mas. 1884, 252.

Icduafurdge: Malm, Forliandl. Skand. Naturf., 9 Mote, 410, 1805, Bohuslan, Sweden.

' According to Dr. Liitken, Ootttit bicornis is identical with Icelus hamatus, this opinion
being based on a drawing of bicornis left by Iteinhardt. Liitken also thinks that Coitnit
linlari» may bo the sanii; ttsli. dottug polaris is said to have D. Vl to vill, 13; A. 14;
Cottiit bicomw was said to have D. VIII, 15; A. 14; y,\\\iln in Icelu» hamatuti, CoUett counts
D. VIII, 19; A. 15; Lutken, D. IX, If* or 20; A. 14 or 16.

3030 43

-I.
Jjii

1014 DulU'tin /7, (■nitcd States National Museum.

i
m

itXti. li'V.\,lH NPI.MMIK, (iillmrt.

\\M\i\ 21 to :»; iloptli 5; oyo U to \\\ in li.uil. I). IX, 20; A. 17; \\ 18; V
I, It. ('loHoly loHuinblliiK Ictliin hUorniit, but ilitloriiig «-oiiH|>ii;iioiiHly in tiif
Hrniiitunt of tlio dorHul Ni-rioH of pliitt^H in tho roniparntlvuly iilanooiTipiit,
niid in othur fhuravtorH. (Jiinilul )iutlnnrlo very sli-n'lor, itH dopth 2^ in
orbit; iiioiitli liirff^f t\w maxillary reaching Hliglitly boyontl midtlht oi
orbit, itH length A head; teeth very finely villitbrni, pri'Nent in rather wide
bandH in JawH and on vomer and palatin*^ bunea; nuHal HplnuH atron^,
Hoparatud by the high ascending procoHHCH of tb*> )>rt)maxillariuH; int<>r
orbital B|)ace very narrow, grooved, itH width Ichh than j diameter oi
pupil; orbital rim becoming elevated anteriorly and ]>oBteriorly, and, at
tho latter point, Htrongly denticulated; behind the orbital region, tin'
occiput is Hballowly <'oncave, being bounded laterally by 2 low, evenlv
rounded ridguM, which become narrower poHteriorly, and eud each in ii
strong spine projecting backward in line with the series of dorsal prickleN;
pruopercnlar Hpines similar to those of IirliiB hintrnis, the uppermost, a.s in
the latter, oecasionally simple iimtead of bifurcate; the second spine
usually directed straight backward, and th*^ 2 following downward and
forward; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus, iinii
neither ])ore nor slit behind the innermost gill; branehiostegals <>; eye
largo, longer than snout; a slender tentacle present over the posterim
part of each orbit; a series of plates from nape along each side of dorHulH
to back of caudal peduncle, and a second series along lateral line, an in
IvcliiH hicorim; the dorsal series with 28 to 35 ]>lates, each of which ben is
at its center a single strong spine directed outward and backward. In
Iirliia hironiia, each plate is traversed by an oblitiue ridge, the margin of
which is denticulated, the central t«>oth being the strongest and em-
res])ondiug to the single spine present in Irelua apiniijcr. The latter agrees
with Itrl 1(8 canalwiilatiia in having an inner series of dorsal plates alttu-
nating with the principal series, each of the smaller plates b«;arin<,r :i
minute prickle, disotirnible with dilliculty. Tho plates along the latent 1
line, 11 to 44 in number, are similar to those in JvcIuh bicornis, having their
upper and posterior free nuirgius serrulate. A low scattered spinous
plates present in axillary region. Dorsal fins not connected, the spiin s
very slender and rather high; pectorals long, reaching front of anal;
veutrals not reaching vent. Color light olivaeeous above, white below;
upper parts mottled with dark brown; back with 4 faint black cross bars,
the first under spinous dorsal, the second and third under soft dorsal, the
fourth at base of caudal; a brown blotch on cheek, 1 on base of pectoral,
and an irregular Fvies along full length of body just under the lateial
line; 2 prominent black blotches on first dorsal; the second dorsal,
caudal, and pectoral barred; other fins unmarked; mouth and gill cavity
white. Coast of Alaska; numerous specimens from Albatross Stations
3216, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3257, 325«, 3263, 3267, 3278, 3279, 328(), 3292, 3302, 3:U1,
3334; in 17 to 121 fathoms. These stations are located in the vicinity ot

I., li 'JK i£-A t

^ I

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishts of North America, 1015

riitilu.sku iHlaudiiiHl ill Kristol lluy, Aluskiv. ((iilliuit.) (ii;>tn<//«>', Iwitrlnt;
.Hpiiiea.)

/i'>7Mi'«jii)ii|/«r, lilMiliiiT, i:<>|)t. I'.S. I-'IhIi (;(iiiiiii. |M|i:i (IWMI), tl'J. |il. '.'t, Bristol Bay and
Unalaaka, at Albatrois Stations 3ai6, 3333, and elkcwhere, in 17 to lai fathomn.

itm. UKI.IIN 1:1 ItVOPM, II. nil.

lliiMia; .l.ptli r.^ 1). IX, !.':{; a. 1M; v. I. :i; hitniil lino \'^. i;.v«'
:il)ollt twin> IIH Idlig JiM Hiiuiit 1111)1 \ lis loiiy; iis liciul. M:i\illii Hrairrly
lAtfiiiliii); to Im-Iow iiiiililli' tiri-yr; iiitoioi liitiil M|)ii<'i> nlMiiit ^ iriigtii of
i'V(>; ofripiit with '1 Npiiirn; iicrtoral i>\t«)ii<liii^ to nliovr hccoihI niv of
iiiiiil; pi'coiK'irli^ jii'tnril lis ill InluH Hcniiiivr; voiii*>r anil paltitr well tootliuil;
jii'Mil Hctilcil UH ill Ivvhia Hciilhief; lati-nil liii<< roiiipoHi>il of ruJHril tiilx^H; a
^iii;;lt> surii'S of Hpiny HiaittH on hack alon^; haHO of dorsals; hraiirhioHti'^al
iiH'iiihraiii'H hi'oadly iiniti-il, frrr Iroiii isthniiiH; Hlit hchinil laHt ^il| oliso-
li )u. Spinous iloi'Hal low, ita loii^fHt H)iiii<- less tiiaii ^ h-iifrtii of lirad.
rmir dark hands acioHS hack, the tirst over the end of the Hpinoiis dorsal,
2 on the Hoft diuaai, and 1 tit base of caudal, (iciieial culor li^ht
Ihowii. Hciin^ Sea, olf Tiinil.v iHlaiids. (Dean.)

Dr. Oilitert has the followin;; notes on 1 of the cotypes (No. 4r)H»57, U. S.
N:it. Mils.) of IcehtH rnryopx, kindly loaned hy Dr. IJcan: Specimen 77 nun.
loii^, 05 mill, to hase of caudal tin. licad 22 iiiiii. to end of opercular spine;
depth 11; orhit M).^ ; HiioutD.^; maxillary 11; intcrorhital width 1,\. Dorsal
IX,'_'3; anal 1!»; pectoral IM; caudal !• (ilivided rays). I'reopcn-ular spines
iis in ItrhiH rivinalia, the upper spine uhiiornial on 1 side, showiiifr ',\ ]ioints
instead of 2; hclow the forked spine are 3 others, 1 directed backwiird
and a littlo downward, 1 nearly vertically downwind, and 1 downward
mid forward; nasal spines strong; occipital ridges obvious with easily
)Mi(ep'„ible sh>nder spines, about as in Ivelnn richialix, broadly rounded
anteriorly, scarcely rid;;e-like until iininediately in front of spines. Head
latiicr closely invested with scales, scarcely so r«)u^li or so numerous as
in Ivtlntt vlcinalis, but more so than in Iceliix canitlioiilalus', opercle covered
with scales. Filaments as in IviIhh vU'inalin; 1 pair above eyes, 1 ante-
riorly on occiput, and 1 oecupyin;; tips of occipital a|iines; the pair on
opercle cannot be made out. Armature of body as in less stroiif^ly scaled
specimens of Ictlita ricinalis; lateral line provided with the usual spinous
scales. 43 or 44 in number; •<() scales in tin- dorsal series, wlii* li extends to
liiist> of caudal; above it a rather crowded irrejjular series of smaller
SI ale-like prickles, some of which are larger than the others and alternate
rather rej;ularly with the phlti-s on the principal series; posteriorly the
smaller «>f the upper series are alisent, the alternatinj; lar^jtT ones alone
piiseiit; 10 or 12 small spinous plates are irre;^iilarly disposed between

' S))»!cimen8 w«ire obtained in 18116 by this Albatrunt at St ationH 3r)43 and 3644, olT Provost-
iiKiva, Kamchatka, in lUd and 06 fathonm. Females of tiiis Mpecies seem more spinous
lliiiii males. The spines on Hii|(i'aorbital rid(;e are liigber, the sulmrliital stay is fre<iueiit]y
priiviiled with 2 low spinoiis points, and tlii' ton and sides of head, as well as the ba.sea of
tlio duraal series of spinous plates, may be thickly besot witli small prickles.

.t*

^

1910 nullctin /7, rnitrd Slalis National Museum,

t 3

'? H

Itttrral linn aixl tliMHul HnirN; » puti'li of Npitiitiin |iliit<-M Ik-IijihI ptxtorals.
Color (iviilt'iitl.v UH ill Iveliiit rlrlnnlin, tlioiiuli vny ){iciitl,v la<i<'il riiiin
(■x|ioNur<> to IIkIiI; tlii< hin-k hIiowh trmi-H of 'J tiiiik «-ruHH Iiuih iiiiilcr hoU
tloi'Hul; 1 orcil|ii«*M niil of niililiil IMmIiiiiiIc, iumI a V««r,V imUHtiiirt oin
uxtfiiilH «lowiiwunl rruiii HpliioiiH ilorsiii wliii-li is Murk |Hmt««i'lorly ; hcliy

IIIhI IIIhIiT plll'tH ^rUIMTillly (lllHtfll wltll IllH- IlllU'k HpUI'kH, tlin iNtlllllllN

lM>roiiiiii){ aliriiptly wliitc; iMmtiil tiilio wliih-; htilMM'iilttr I'fj^ioii liliitkiMh
tlit^ color coiitiiiui'd I'orwiirtl into ilir pii-orhital, oppoHite tlir front *'iiil ni
wliirli it troHHfH iipprr mill lo\vi>r HpH; a iliuk lilotrli on luaxilhii.s in
inlvaiicx of tl]>: puttoralH «liiMky. (eO/ji'i, yritU^', cj^^, ««yc.)

Iielu.i iuriioi>», ItlAN, I'ror. U. S. Nut. Miih. IH!HI, 41, off Trinity Uland*, at Albatrohs
Station a8s3. <Tyi>u, No. 46;i07, U. H. N. M .)

«*.MM. UVXIH \UIS\IAH, CillHtrt.

m

El <

■* ij;

H«'U«l Hi to 3i; cloptli r»}. I). IX, lil to L'3; A. IH; I'. Itl; (,*. Jt. Tlii.
Hp<'«-i«'H in «>xti'fni«>ly cIohi* liotli t«» InliiH atnoliniUthm, with wliitli it was
foniMl aHHociatt'il, and to lirhis eiiii/o/tB, Hran. From IviIuh tuiuiUruhihiH
it <littt>rs in tlio following rfHp«>i-tH: Tlir i-oloiation, tliongli Hiniilar in ]>at-
tt'in iH iuii*-Ii liirliU^i-. Tlir holly ih dusky, lint not dt-rp bniwii; tin- islli
iun8 nHiially ht'coint'Hahinptly whito nndrr th«> hrundiioHtt'gal nifmhiaiiiH,
and t\w latter aro wliitt^ or dnsky, not hliu« hlack au in Ifvhm vunulUulalm.
Tho lloor and anterior ]iurt of the roof of the uiouth and the ill euviiirs
ar» whiiu, not lihickiKli. The noHtril tnbt^ iH white, not lila«'' ''heo<ri|i-
ital rid^e \h lower and Ichh conNpienoiiH, and tho spineH bIh mt Imtli

are ohvioiiH. 'I'lie Binall Npiiioim point on Huliorliital Htay is Ichm develop* d.
The doraal spines are 9 in nninher in all our s|ieeinieiiH. A elosely ii-owilrd
series or narrow hand of luiekles aeeompanies the doraal Htuies as in Ik hm
vuHalii'iilatuB. It is notieealde, howi-ver, that thos«f of the Herh-s wliii li
ueenpy a pouition corresjiondin); to tint intcrspaeti between the dorsal
lilatesart^ Hoinewbat enlarged, and recall the alternating ])late8of /cc/Huct.
The region between the lateral line and the dorual series is iilniost ctmi-
pb^tely iuv«>sted with spinons scales in nmst s]>eciuittns, while iu Ifiliis
f«n«/u'«/«/«« few or mine are prusont. 'I'he head is tleiisely covered with
small spinous scales or prii-kles especially unnieroiis on top of head, and
«>ii opercle. In IvduK cnimlivnlatHH the head is «>itber naked or spars) jy
covered and tho op«^rch-s almost or <|iiite nake«l. Three pairs of sleinlii'
illamenta on top «>f ]i«'ad, tb*^ anterior pair i\w largest, placed above back
of orltit; the second ]iair iu front of ami sliglitly within i\w occipital
ridges, the third pair oik o«;cipital spines. An aihlitional pair on operc li m
seems to be less constant. The snpraocniar pair alout^ is present iu In lim
canuHculatua. The mucous cauals and pores, though large, are b-ss dcvi 1-
oped than iu Icilua vanaJiculatua, the llsh having, in general, the bathyliiiil
characteristics less pronounced. The agreement with leclua eiirifops is
cbiser than with ledua canaliciilatuB. In fact, it seems to difter from lc< Iuh
mrtfops only in the much smaller eye and the somewhat wider intennliitai
space, agreeing with Ivtlua luryopn in all those respi'cts in whiib it dill< rs
from Jvvluit canuiiculatu9. Iu Jvvluo vicinalia the eye is 2(; to 3 in head, and

Jordiin and I'lvt'rniatiti. -Fishts of Xort/i .h/nr/nt. 1017

Bt Atbatrok*

litit U tiiit«H l«ni;lli of Hiioiit, ikiiil tho InuMt iiitritH'liituI width in II or 12
liiiii'H ill lio»<l. Ill IitIhh iiiijiintH (rotypi*, No. irilUtT, W M. Niit. MiiH. ), thn
iNoiM'JJi iiiiK'H in liiMul iiikI twii'ti Mm loii^tli of tin- Hiioiit, nixl th<- Iriint
intci'orliital witlMt lit liintN in litatl. HiIim-k not Hcmi pioliHl'lo that tli«
M|*o<'ii>H will Miry In tliiit o\ti>nt. Maxillitiy ii-ailiin^ iniilillo of |Mipil,
L'l in h««a<l. lfp|H>i- prt'oprriiilar Hpiin* hIi-ikI) r, t'orknl at tip, (liifrtnl
upward ;iiil ltafl< waitl, the hituikI anil tliini Mpim-H Hiniplu, HloiidtM, tlir
Nt'coiid directed Uownward and Itarlxwaid, llin Miird downward and lor
ward. Intcrorldtal Hpiuo Hhailowly Kroovod, tlir ^roo\o widfiiiii); liark-
uard into an onipital di'pirHHioii lioiindtd in front Ity tin' Hoincwliat
cli'vati'd Intrrociilar Hpacr, latrrally liy tin- occipital rid^'i'H; Niipraoild-
t.il rim nl<*vatod in Ibnit ami lirhind; oi-rlpital rid^tH low, Itroad and
iiiiiinlod aiituriorly, iMMoiiiin^ nni rower and iinni- rn'Htdikc postrrioi |\ .
In addition to tlio ])ri<'klrH and platoM alicndy intnitionod, tlnT<< in a liand
III HpinouiH Hiah'H litdiitKl axil of ptTtortilH, .SpinonH dorHal low, tho lon^-
t'xt Hpiuo 2i ill hi'ad, tint loii^ost ray of Hoft dorHal 2 it, head; ptMtoralH
riMt'hin^ l)OKiiiniii({ of Inni/ontal ]»ortion of lutrral lint., tin* lowur rays
tliickoiK'd, tlirir ineinlnaiiuH imiHrd; vontralH Hliorf, H<'ar«;«dy rearhin^
sent. Anal papilla largfl. ('olor in HpiritH,- li^lit brown altovo, witii 1
liliK^kiah croHH liars, I nndorHpiinnisdorHal Joining tho dark axillary itatili,
'.' mnlor Hoft dorual and 1 at Itano of tail inttrKin)r into tho iiniforin d«>cp
iiKiwn of tho nndrr partH; In^nl li^ht t iwii al)ov<- and In-low; Hnliornlar
ring dark hrown, thin Htroak widoiiin;; forward and croHsing upper ainl
lower lips; UHniiill patch at liaHxof oxpoNcd portion of maxillary ; opt^rilo
liliirkiHh; iipprr half of pectorals light, with or without a In-own IniHal
liiir. tho distal portion indiHtirn-tly liarred with light lirown; lower half
of pectorals, and all of vontralH dark hrown, or Idack; dorsals Idackish,
darkest aliovu the cross liars on hack; anal lilack; caudal whitish, dusky
aliove toward tip. Hristol Hay, Alaska, where nnmorons speciiueus, 'M
to 110 mm. long, wore ohtaiiied liy tho AUhUiosh at depths of KM), :i'»l,
:i."iO, and 4(X» fathoms, respectively, ((iilliort.) (rIciMaiiw, near, to Icvhia
iiirjiopH.)

Iirliit vivinali$, OiLnRKT, Kept. IT. S. F'hIi Conini. ISIKI (ISOO), 41.1, Bristol Bay, Alaska, at
Albatross Stations 3334, 3330, 3331, and 333a, in log to 406 fathoms. (Type, No.
4M737.)

2205. I( KM:S «'A\AIiirrLATrs, (lilliert.

Hoad .3 to 3!t; depthO. I). Yll or VIII, 2:1 or 24; A. 1!); P. 10; V. 13; lat-
iTil line 1:1 to 40. A deep-water species, with coiispi< nons mucous canals
inid |ioros, thill cranial hones, and rather plain hlacki.-«h c(doration. In
iitln-r characters it stands soinewh.-it intermediate between Icelun hiroinis
Mild Ictiiis apinitjer. The dorsal plates have the serrulated cross ridge
of IceliiH bicornh, the occiput is shallowly concave, with low bound-
ing ridges ending behind in strong spines, and the posterior rim of the
(irliit is elevated and denticulated, as in Iniiis spinifier. In its anterior
portions, at least, the series of dorsal plates is accompanied above by
ii Miori^ or less irregular row of sm.-iller plates, which alternate with the
larger plates, and bear each a small spine. Caudal peduiu-le long and

w

-IgHgJg^^MrTw-WTrryiiT ■■■■-»-■ -^p^JBg

1918 DuUcthi /7, United States National Museum.

r 1

0

V .X

very slendor, its depth less than ^t its Icnj^th. Maxillary rearhiiijr lo
or nearly to vortical from nitldlo of orbit, 21 to 2'i in length of lieml;
jawH -".vt'ak; teeth villiforni, with Avidonod haHe, in moderate bands on
Jaws, vomer, an«l palatines; nasal Hpint-H stron<r, proje<^ting above atrtin---
vtTHo depression wliiidi crosses snout ininiediiitely on front of orldts;
intcrorbital space niirrow, its least width 3it times in orbit, itf» width
wholly occupied by the 2 conspicuous supraurliital nunons canr.ls; 0((i-
l)ut a shalliiwly dcjtresscd pit, bounded anteriorly by ttie raised orhilnl
rej^ion, laterally by lew rounded ridji;es each of whi<'h terminates behind in
a very stronjj: s])inc; preopercular spines slender and sharp, the ujtjxr-
inost directed very oblitiucly upward, sharply notched at tip; the second
and thir<l are directed downward and backward, the lowt^rmost down\v;iii|
and forward; bony stay across cheek conspicuously dovelop«'d, and bc.ir-
iug a distinci, si>iue Just l)ehind eye; a series of mucous slits alonj;- undi r
side of suborbital stay; a. sliarj) spine on suliopercle; gill nuimbriiiic-
broadly united, free from isthmus; branchiostegals 6; a distinct slit-iikc
pore behind fourth gill; eye liirfje, 3 in head, lonf;er than snout; top iind
sides of head with many miiiute scattered whitish pores; a minute iii;i-
ment near tipsof maxillary ; x>hites of lateral line 43 to 40 in number, tlnir
upper and posterior edges free, denticulated ; dorsal series with 45 plates,
each of which is crosst^l obliquely by a raised spiny ridge, the central jxd-
tion of which is highest; between the upper angles of these plates a second
series of small plates alternating with the first, each bearing a spine m
prickle, these spines occasionally doubled or trebled, especially in the
anterior part of the series, and recall strikingly the arrangement in
Icclinus; axil of pe<*toral8 with 20 to 26 plates similar to those of LitiiMJ
line, and showing a t<'udeney to a regular arrangement; 2 or 3 sinni.ir
plates along anterior p.'irt of base of analj and a few scattered pl;it( h
on each side between lateral and dorsal series. Color light olivaceous
above, blackish below, except lower Jaw; l)ack with 4 black cross bais.
evident, but not conspicuous; opercles bhick; fins all dark; pectorals
mottled with slate color; Iwi^e of candal tin light; mouth and gill ciivity
dark. Length 5 inch(>8. Itering Sea, north of Unalaska, in deep water.
(Gilbert.) {canaliculatus, with sui ill canals.)

leeliig eanaliculatux, Gn.nERT, Rei)t. V. S, Fish Comiii. 189,3 (1896), 412, pi. 24, off Unalaska,
at Albatross Station 3329, in 399 fathoms.

2296. HELUS AlISTKA/ilS, Eigenniann & Eigenmann.

Head 3; depth 7; eye 3 in head; maxillary 2, Hody rounded in tnui-
verse section, scarcely compressed in the abdominal region, tapering IVmn
the shoulders to the slender tail. Mouih large, the inaxillarit.'s reaciiini:
beyond pupil. Occijiut without ridges or snines; intcrocular space slight iy
grooved, very narrow, its width about i tao diameter of the pupil; protili'
straight; u]»per preopercular spine rather short, simply dilated at tlio
extremity or with a single upward-directed spine near its tip; 3 siiii;>lo
spines below it. IJellyand an interrupted band alo'ig the sides wliite;
a series of blackish spots or interrupted ba.d along the fides. Cort( z

Jordayi and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1919

RankH, ott' San Diogo. TypoH, 2 spflcimuiiH, 0.04 and ().()5 in. to baw of cau-
ilal, in 45 fatbonis. These sitecinit-iiH wci-t^ takt^i from the stomach of Hvhnt-
lodrB miniatiia and arc partly digeHtcd. Thti anal and dorsal tiiiH hav*i all
liHappt«ar<;d. T\w dentition and armatnre of the head indicate that thJH
sPGcies is closely related to Icelinus quadriseriutu^, of which it is poHsihly
Ihc young. (Eigenmann.) A very imperfectly known species, not seen
Ity IIS, perIia]>H not belonging to Icelus, but apparently nearest that ^eniis.
[iUiHtralia, southern. )

Ifelus aiutralin, Kiobnmann &. Eiuenmann, West Amor. Sci. 188t), 131, Cortez n.dnkB,
California. (Coll. C. II. Kigeuiiiuuu.)

718. RADULINUS, (iilbert.

Ilitdidinui>. Gilbert, I'roc. V. .S. Nat. Mus. 18!>o, 88 (anprelliiii).

Body V(Ty slender. Opercular spines 2. Spinous dorsal short, the soft
dorsal and anal very long. Gill membranes broadly united, posteriorly
(rce from isthmus. No slit behind last gill. Broad bands of cardiforni
teeth on jaws, a single .scries on vomer; no teeth on palatines. Preopeicle
with 2 short, simple spines. Ventrals I, 3. Sides arm«'d with a series of
large, keeled, spinous plates along lateral line; similar plates on head;
no smaller scales. Pacilic coast. (>'«dtt/a, a scraper.)

(I. Kyo sinnll, 3} in lioad; interorbitui apaco iiakud. noLBOiDBS, 2297.

((((. £yo larger, about 2J in bea<l; intorurbital xpat'o ariiiod witb Hpiiioua platrR.

ASPHELLUS, 2208.

2'207. ItADUIilMiS ROLKOIDKS, Gilbert, ixw spec ics.

Head 4 in length ; depth 9; eye 3 J in head (2 J in R. asprclhis o( the same
size); snout 3j^; maxillary 2?. D. XI, 22; A. 23; pectoral 18; ventrals
I, 3; 42 plates in the dorsal series. Head and body very elongate, de-
pressed anteriorly, the occiput wider and Hatter than in li. asprdlua;
snout long, depressed and tapering, much as in the Darters; interorbital
spa<e very na.'iow, about ^ diameter of pupil; mouth horizontal, at lower
side of snout, the maxillary reaching a vertical which traverses eye mid-
way between its front and front of pupil. Fine teeth in bands in jaws
and on vomer, none on palatines. In It. aaprellua, also, the vomerine tt^eth
lire in a band, not in a single scries as stated in the original description.
Mranchiostegal membranes broadly united, wholly free from the isthmus
in the type. In It. aaprrUua the gill membranes vary in this respect, being
sometimes wholly free from thc^ isthmus, sometimes attached for ^ or
more than ^ their width. Preoperde with 2 short simple spines, the
upper slender and sharp, directed backward and slightly upward, the
lower broader and shorter, directed backward and downward; below and
in front of these are 2 rounded prominences which bear no spines; opercle
ending m a triangular process which is scan-ely spine-like; nasal spines
rather small, a depression between and behind them; no spines on orbital
rim, which is not at all raised; the narrow interorbital space not grooved;
occiput broad and tlat without ridges or spines; a slender filament on
upper posterior border or orbit and a similar tilameut ou each side of occi-

-' -J.';

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'»l|l>MljM».|MW^^jm7<BIMWIIIU™C»

-.Bv.> .i,.iT|.;iy;yyrt»!;w^rt.t ^

1920 BuUeihi 47, United States National Afitseum.

put oil itH posterior line. Hody with a dorsal series of iuibriciited Hpinous
plates similar to those in li. aaprellua; but tlie plates are sniallor, with
less evident keels and shorter Hpines; along itr. anterior third tlie scries in
accompanied above by a narrow band of sniuUer iiIateH, which are con-
tinned anteriorly on sides of occiput, and merge anteriorly into the patcli
behind the eyes; posterior i)ortion of snout, the opcrcles, and the posterior
lino of occiput with spinous scales; head otherwise naked. Vertical Huh
with long Blende' rays as in 11. aaprellm ; dorsal fins separate, but the
interspace less than diameter of i)ui»il ; distance from front of anal to vent
equaling § diameter of orbit; veutrals short, reaching halfway to front
of anal; pectorals reaching slightly beyond front of anal, I length of
head. Color light olive or grayish, the lower parts unmarked, the breast
and belly silvery; back <rossed by 4 wide brownish-olive cross bars, the
anterior of which under spinous dorsal becomes merged intothegener.il
brownish-olive coloration of upper portion of head and nape; edges of
bands sharply defined and marked with concave indentations whore
encroached upon by rouudish light-colored areas; spaces between bands
slightly dusky and marked with some irregular, small, dark blotches
along middle of sides; anteriorly on the back are pairs of round, light-
colored spots with darker edges, some of them showing silvery pigments:
a small silvery spot above base of each pectoral iin; a narrow dark line
acr<»s8 occiput behind eyes; dusky blotches on cheeks; a dark bar across
maxillary and lip; a pair on maxillaries; 2 faint dark bars on the caiidni
fiu, the iins otherwise translucent or whitish, uumarked, dilferiug from
liadiiUnua asptcUua in the much smaller eye, the scaled interorbital sjiace.
the presence of supraoctilar and occipital filaments, the smaller size and
weaker spines of plates of the dorsal series, and the different coloration.
Oidy the type known, a young female 72 mm. long (No. 18795, U. S. Nat.
Mns.) from Albatroaa Station 3664, off Santa Catalina Island, California, in
5i) fathoms. (/JoA/?, dart ; eiSos, resemblance from its marked likeness to
the Darter, Boleoaoma. )

2298. BADULIM'S ASPRELLTIS, Gilbert.

Head 4i to 4i; depth 8i to 9^. I). VIII to X, 21 or 22; A. 23 or 24; lat-
eral line 38 to 40. Body vory elongate, the greatest depth at oocipnt.
1 J in width of head. Body subquadrate in cross section, the upper angl. s
being formed by the k<'el of lateral plates, tapering gently to the very
slender, tlat caudal peduncle, everywhere as wide as or wider than decji.
Eyes larger, closely approximated, the interorbital space very narrow,
not grooved, less than i pnpil; orbit 2J to 2^^ in head. Mouth small,
reaching front of pupil, 2J in head. Preopercular spines 2 only, short,
simple, the lower directed backward, the upper backward and upward :
nasal spines long and strong, a depression behind them; head other-
wise smooth; o«'ciput not ridged; a series of large, keeled, spinous
plates along lateral line, running high on sides, their free edge turned
obliquely upward, and armed with from 1 to several long spines mesiallv,
and shorter ones above and below; a row of minute spinous plates
along upper edge of series anteriorly, the series along lateral line (!ou-

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1921

liimcd forward ou top of head, niootiii;; its fellow iu a V-shap«^d putcli
miiii^ poHtorior portion of interorbital spaco; similar plates on snout and
()|iorcle, the head and body otherwise uaki' \ In cross section the plates
mark tin ahrupt angle, the hat'k lioing Ihit, th<> sidos vertical. Dorsal
spines slender, the 2 lins well separated; rays of soft dorsal ami anal
v«ry slendor, rathor long ; caudal truncate or rouni'.cd, ij head; pectorals
with 18 or 19 rays, reaching to or nearly to vent; anal papilla very long
in males, more than \ head. Color light (divacoous, with a series of
elongate, narrow, brown streaks ahmg middle of sides, the latter also
liiiely punctate with black; a dark streak in front of eye; fins trans-
Iiiceut, the dorsals, pectorals, and caudal with some black spotting, which
sliows a tendency to form bars; anal and ventrals white. Length 5 to 6
inches. Coasts of Oregon and Washington, the types from depths of from
I ;< to 77 fathoms. Also f<nind iu Paget Sound by Mr. Starks. (Gilbert.)
{(laper, rough; asprelhis, a diminutive from Aapro, a genus of I'ercidw.)

h'adulinus anprellnt, Gu-bbrt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1890, 88, off Oregon and Washing-
ton, at Albatross Stations 3046, 3057, 3058, 3059 (Type, No.4309C) ; JoBDAN «fe Stakks,
Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 805, pi. 81.

719. STELGISTRUM, Jordan «& Gilbert, new genus.

.v/cijrf «/»•«»», JOHDAN «fc GlLi»EnT,Fi8lieH of Bering Sea, in Fur Seal Invest, for 189C, 1897
MS. (utejncgcri).

Shaped as iu JL'milrpidolus, which it resembles in appearance but with
'vliich it is not closely ndated. Gill membranes widely joined across the
throat, wholly free from the isthmus. Teeth on ja^. s and vomer, none on
|)alatin<'S. No slit or pore behind last gill. Upper preopercular spine
Himple, gently upcur\ed, 3 short spines below it. No opercular rib or
siiiue. Nasal spines short and strong. Vertex without spines or ridget.
and without long tentacles. SpinouH dorsal without anterior notch, the
vertical fins all few-rayed. A series of plates along lateral lino and a band
along the back which merges anteriorly into the mass of miimte plates
( overing top and sides of head. Ventrals I, 3, without setic. Vent im-
mediately before origin of anal. (dreXyidrpov, scraper.)

229». STELOISTRUM STEJXKGERI, Jordan & Gilbert.

Mead 23 in length; depth 3*. D. IX, 17; A. 13; P. 16; caudal with
SI divided rays; lateral line with 40 plates; lower series of dorsal baud
containing 35 to 38 plates. Head narrowly wedge-shaped, tapering
upward; width below eyes equaling length of snout and | eye; width
at preopercles equaling depth at occiput. Mouth large, slightly oblique,
till) wide maxillary reaching vertical behind pu])il, equaling length of
snout and eye, i length of head. Teeth small, uniform, in narrow
builds on jaws and vomer;* palatines toothless. A deep naked trans-
verse groove between nasal spines and front of orbits; orbital rims
moderately elevated, the interorbital space very nai.ow, channeled;
oiciput fiat or slightly concave, angulated along lines nuuiing backward
iVoni orbits, but without spines or ridges; a slender filameiit above each

:■ .1

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1922 nuUctin 47, United States National Museum,

Sf

r* ■ V

eye, 2 iiiiiiut«« pairH iilong Hides of ocoipnt, 1 ou aiiburbital stay, 1 on
maxillary, and a fe>v on plates of lateral line; no naaal cirri, none aloii;^
odyo of preopercle; upper preopercniar spine gently curved upward,
without cusps or processes; below it 3 short spines, the first directed
backward, the second vertically downward, the third, somewhat lonji;(r,
directed downward and forward. Kyos small, the dinmoter equaliii;;
longth of snout, ^ length of bead measured to end of opercular llii|);
iutororbital width erjualing diameter of ])U|)il. Straight portion of lateml
lino longer than the oldbfnely placed anterior portion, which is not
strongly curved ; plates of lateral line strongly spinous on their upper ficc
edges, and of similar and nearly etjual si/e throughout; dorsal band cdii-
'tinued on to back of caudal peduncle, where it is continuous with tin-
baud of th«^ opposite side, the lower plates of the bond in a delinitr
lengthwise series and as large as those of lateral line or slightly larger,
the other plates of the band decreasing rapidly in size toward base of On,
where they are minute. 'I'hey are partially arranged in series runnini;;
obliquely upward and backward from the lower larger plates to the bas. •<
of the dorsal rays, on which they extend for at least \ the height of n.
Dorsal spines with minute spinous plates extending almost or quite to
their tips. The snout, top of head, nape, suborldtal ring, opercles, aiul
cheek above the suborbital stay covered with minute plates similar to
tlio upper part of dorsal band, with which the invested area on to]) of
head is continuous; sides below lateral lino naked except for a few pl;iti s
behind axil. Dorsals divided to the base, the last spine extremely short.
its membrane Joining extreme base of the first soft ray; spinous dorsiil
low, of slender weak spines, the longest ray \ length of head; longest Nolt
ray 2^ in head; anal beginning under third ray of soft dorsal, ending;
under its fourteenth ray; caudal peduncle slender, its least width \ its
length; pectorals broad and short, all simple, the lower thicken(;d with
moderately incised membranes, the eighth to the tenth rays the lonf^est,
extending beyond vertical from origiji of anal; ventrals not reach iiifj
vent, 2\ in head. Ground color light grayish olive; lower part of sides
regularly reticulated with narrow dusky lines; a dusky cross bar from
base of posterior dorsal spines and forward to axil; a second much broader
bar from front of soft dorsal, ending irregularly below where it moruos
into the reticulating lines; a third broad bar, less clearly defined, niider
posterior jjortion of soft dorsal ; a conspicuous broad V-shaped blotch ;it
base of caudal, the apex directed forward; a faint dark streak from eve
forward to tip of mandible, and a cross bar behind eyes, continued faintly
on to cheek; spinous dorsal with ii small dark spot on anterior and I 011
posterior spines; rays of soft dorsal and caudal with dusky markings .so
arranged as to form tine ci'oss bars ; terminal half of pectorals fincily cruss-
barred, the proximal half plain, with a large dusky blotch on extreme
base; anal very faintly barred; ventrals "unmarked, Beiing Sea, oil'
Robben Island; one specimen 52 mm. long, dredged in 10 fathoms.
(Named for Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, Curator of Reptiles in the U. S.
National Museum.)

Stelgistrum stej'negeri, Jordan & Gilbert, Fishes Rering Soa, in llept. Fur Seal luvttst.
for 1896, 1897 MS., Robben Island (Coll. Albatross.)

i'-i^^ ^ i'i1."UlV--'.'If*i''i<:^A

;.!■ .*«\A'^'i^'*:J«*d»i*^'.^i j'ti^S-TOtr'fc^^ .

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 1023

720. TRIQLOPS, IJciiilianlt.

Tiitjlopi, Rkiniiaudt, Viil. SnUk. Nntnr. Mill li. A I li., v, 18:i2, 52 (pingeli).

liody rather oloiigatc, the tail very Hloiulcr. Head small anil <'oiii.
]irt'ssf(l. Month inoih'iato; villitoriii tcclli on jaws and voni«'r, iioni' on
the \>alatiu»'.s; prcoptTciihir spines 4, small, siniph-; head prickly, Imt witli-
Miit scales; a row of enlarj^ed plate-like scales iilon;^ the lat«-i'al line; a
Mmilar rowahove it at the hase of the dorsal fin; tiie space lietwoon these
(linsely prickly ; lower half of hody crossed at sli<»rt intervals by trans^
vrrse iindnlating folds of skin, the edjje of the fold with minute rongK
s( ales, causing it to appear sharply and Tiim'I.n serrate, these cross fohU
licing really formc<l by hran<hes of the lateral line. (Jill membranes
united, free from th« istbmns; a <listinct slit behind last gill. Dorsal
spines rather high and slender; ventrals 1, 3. Arctic seas. {TrUjla; Mip,
appearance; the transverse folds resembling the lateral platca of 2Vi///o. >

rt. Breast crossed liy folds of skin similar to those on body.

h. Ej-e moderate, It to 3i in liond; maxillary and lower part of cheek ■without

pri<'kleH; maxillary 2 to 2\ iii l..'ad; soft dorsal of 23 to 26 rays.

c. Back olivaceoiia, varied with durker; tins largely i>ricklyi eye about 3 ip

head. Atlantic. riNui:Li,2300.

ec. Back oliva(!eou8, with 4 black, saddle-like blotches; eye 3J to 3^' iu lieadj

tins less prickly. I'acilic. beani, 2301,

hb. Eye very large, 2J in head; maxillary and lower part of cheek i)rickly ; maxil

lary 2i to 2i in head ; soft dorsal of 21 to 23 rays. acEi'TiCUS, 2302

leal luvwst.

2800. TBIOLOl'S PIXOKLI, Kelnhardt.

Head 3J. 1). XII-2.>; A. 25; P. 19; V. 4 ; scales 48; eye 3 in head. Snont
sluirt and sharp; eyes large, larger than length of snout; interorbital
sjtace equal to diameter of pupil; jaws subc(|ual; teeth minute, on jaws
and vomer. Hody above and head closely covered with minute granula-
lions; encircling the orbit is a series of small warty ]trotuberauces; pre-
opcrdewith 4 small spines but slightly projecting beyond the skin, the
iil)pcrmost pointing upward and backward, the others downward; no
s])incs on opercle; nasal spines present; above the lateral line the whobi
(if the body is rough with granulations, below with oblique and dentate
membranaceous folds ; 47 to 49 <lcntate o.s.seous plates along lateral line ; a
s( rk's of spines along the base of ilorsals, ceasing under the nnihlle of si-c-
iMid dorsal. Space between dor.sals about equal to the diameter of pn]dl,
all the rays slen<ler and very brittle; first dorsal !i little higher than sec-
(inil. Olivaceous, somewhat variegated witii dark«'r; fins barred; a series
of dusky spots along sides; an ocellated black spot on posterior ]»art of
spinous dorsal. (Ctdlett.) Males larger than females and much more
' onimon. North Atlantic, from Spitzbergeii and westci-n Norway to GreiMi-
land an<l south to Cape Cod and Christiansund, in rather deep water; not
1 are in 16 to 150 fathoms. Length 5| inches. (Eu.) (A personal name.)

Tiliilnps pingeli, Keinhardt, Vid. Sel.sk. Natnr.,V, 1832, 52, Greenland.

Triijiops pleurottictutt, Coi'K, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1805, 81. Godhavn. Greenland (anal

rays 27) ; Gt5NTHEH, Cat., ii, 1 73 ; LiJTKEN, Vid. Medd. Naturh. I'oreu. Kjiibenh. 187C, »0 ;

Jordan &. Gilbeut, Synopsis, 713.

, f:^^Ti.''^y.~^:3''r^ji'^fifil'''V W

' f

1924 nulletin /7, United States National Museum.

3»0I. TltnJi,<»l>N liKAM, (ilMtnrt.

HfJiil 3?^ to ;{» ; «lr]itlM>; Nuoiif Idiif^cr tliiiii cy*', 3\ to ?,\ iiiliond; rye
3i to a*; 1). X or XI, 23 to 2(1; A. 21 to 2fJ; C. 12; I'. IH; V. 1,3; lutn.il
liiM'IS to 50; iMiiiK-hiostrgiilHt). ]{o(ly lii'iivy lit Hlionld<-rs, tiiporiiifriJipiiHv
to sh'iuh'V ciiudul ptMlmirlo; <lfpt)i of ciiiulal pt'iluiiclc :i^ its Iciijrth fnun
liiiHr of liiHt doiHiil ray; jircutcst widtli of ln'iid nliglitly 1»'hh than its
d«'ptli, itM lower protih; Htrai^ht, the uppi-r <lcs(>*>ndiii^ in a };nitl«>, cvi n
curve; month nearly horizontal, the maxillary almost reachiti); vertieul
I'nmi middle «)f eye, 2^^, t«» 2^^ in head; villiform t<'eth onJawH and vomi r.
none «ui palatineH; Hnpraorhital rim Hlijrlitly elevated, a groove-like
depresHion Ixdiind it; interorhital space rather wide, forming a shalldw
groove, its wi<lth 3^^ to 5 in diann>ter of orhit; oeeipital ridges ohsoleic,
a faint trace of them sometimes present, never ending in a spine; opeicle
with 4 spincms points, the loweruiost directed downward and forward, tlir
others radiating downward and backward. Branchiostegal memhram s
broadly united, free from the isthmns. Longest dorsal spine 3^ to 4 in
In-ad; base of spinotis dorsal 1|''„ to \\ in head; of soft <h)rsal 2)} to 3 in
length of head and bo<ly; length of base of anal 2,-',r in head an<l body;
caudal slightly «'marginate, 2-[^,f in head. Head and upper part of body
densely coyenMl with very line prickles, nnich finer than in TrvjloiM scr2)ticiin;
lower side of head, the maxillaries, and a narrow strip along the lowi i
side of cheek naked; the usual series of enlarged prickles along the lin>c
of dorsals; lateral folds few in nnmbc, scarcely ('xcceding the scntcs dl'
the lateral line; they leave a wide, naki'd strip ahnig the Itase of anal
juid do not t'ucircle the caudal peduncle below; l>reast with 5 or (5 cruss
folds similar to those on the sides, the scab's along margins of fcdds very
small, those of successive folds widely separated, not overlapping as in
Trif/lops accptitua, CtAov light olive brown above, wJiitish on lower i)arts
of sides and below; the breast and belly, including area in front nf
pectorals, silvery; back crosscul with 4 saddle-shaped black blotches, nidst
distinct in the males; the tirst i>f these under the middle of the spinons
dorsal and extending obliquely f<uward t»» the upper axil of pcnttoriils,
the second and third under tlu* soft dorsal, narrowing rapidly downward
to lateral line, the fourth on the back of caudal peduncle. In males, llu'.
lower <!nds of tln^se cross bars r.re connect«',d by a narrow lengtliwise jct-
bla(^k streak, extending from shoulder below latei'al lino nearly to base of
cau<lal, the narrow interval between this streak and lateral line occujiicd
by a bright silvery streak, interrupt«Ml by the cross bars; a black blotcii ati
base of upper and 1 at base of lower caudal rays; a small black spot miir
tips of the outer caudal rays, the tin otherwise unmarked; .an indistin(l.
dusky blotcli l>elow the eye, and a dusky streak along under side nl
suborliital stay, extending forward along the margin of the preorbital l«i
tip of snout; a blotch on middle of maxillary and upper lip; front of Lt'v<r
lip dusky; a dark blotch on opercle, and a dusky bar on branchiostcj^Ml
membranes. In the females the general pattern of ccdoration is the same.
but the darker markings are less distinct, and the bhick lateral stn iii< nl'
the males is represented by a disconnected st^ri<'s of irregular, daiK
blotches and vermiculatious. In both sexes the dorsals and pectorals are

Jordciti find f^'^'^>fftiV\n,^Ffshi'^ of N'orth America . 1025

( rosHcil hy iij»,,,-,»w,(lii»''^y 1»iir>». furm"''^ '»y ^'''it's of ,|urk Nti-i-ukM on i\w
i.i.vh; uiouth^yj,(«isli;l-"" v;i vity sih'»'''.v %vliit(>, wi t li dii' ('.\,.,.|»ti«>ii of tlio
lining «»f i\n\ , -,riTlc '^'"l tin' <Mit(.i' '''ili "' liiiiiM-liioHtt'^jial ni«'inl)i'iiiic,s,
\vhi«-h im* <lus,|^y- Tl'"** is IIm' l'.i(i<i«- <'''I>''<'.scntativ<' <»f tli«'> Atlaiitir
I'liillops j)ini/vif I'loiii ^*^'"<'h it tlitivi'."^ 'n ""' Krcutfi- »*li'ii«l,.rii«'«M of tlu)
liixly, l»articiil.,',.ly (if t'"' <'ji lulnl jicdi"''-!'"' '" tlir Hoincwlijit HHiiilltTcy,.,
ill.' inoi'c poii||^.|| Niioi'*' ^'u

liw li,„. sMlwI'vision of tlii'Iittvral lulds, the
l.sH ('((inplt'ttt i,,VfNtii)t'"'' of lIuMiiirt ■*^><'' P'''''l<ly Hvjilrs, 1,11(1, jiImivc nil,
HI the iM'fiilinj. (•<tl(,iiif'"U t,l llic n,jil«'. ■'^'iiHkii to I'lijit't S()'» «•«' I lukcii
very aimiuliiiitu. b.v tli<' -"'*«<»•(»*'• m stJ'*'"'"^ •<'(at«'<l Itotli iioith jnnlsoiitli
of tho Alciitiai, jftlmi(l'*''"'*l in IlriNt„i H'^y ; "•»*<) fnnii iilxiiit St. Paul Wana
ill L'i t(» ;{7 fat^^,,|ll^ot^■ Kurluk ill 31 latli<»"'N, aiul ofi' K<>l.b.>i« InIi'imI in
IS fatlionis, ill,, I |(y Mr- *^^'>i-Kh in l'„;i<"< >S"i'iiil, tin- Uciitiis iiiM>.r'"K '"'oin
Kt.i to 42 fatln,,,,^; Ni).-(i"'i'ijH M'J l«n,ioi»**ii- *" length, ((jlilbert) • (Numod
for Dr. Tjal.!t,»,, HolliBi'" Ii«'iiii.)

7V(V/Jo;M^)ijiyeJt, l^^.^N, l'roi''^'-S. I»^iil. M„s. 1^3, n55iu„tof Krisiiardt.

7Vi.;;<-//« /H'ani, (;,,',, i:Ui, KCP*- Xj. .S. I''i«l,(j,»ii'«»». 1*''^ (1890), 41.'m, iil. 28_ (ijj:. U, Aleutian

Islands, Bris^QJ Pay, »' ^'t>atro«» 8tgtiot»s ^jiA, 3JJ7, and many others, in 7I to 42

fathoms.

♦SO''- 'rni<ji,0l's^(I';i»TI<'*'S Gilbert.

Head 3jt to 3j . <leptli ^? to fi^. 1). :Sl--2l ^o 23; A. 22 to 24; P. 19 (18 on
left sitUj ill 2 8|^*t;iiiiouH)5 V". i, :t; q \'J-l'J^^~; lateral ijiio 40 or 47; brau-
(•iiio8te<;al8 (5. j ^oily ydJ i'oV> ut^t, []^^ upper Foflle dcSfciidiujr rapi»lly from
front of dorsal ii' ivreg"J'>'r oiU'Vo t^ tij* oi short nnont; least <lopth of
caudal pedunel^, H to H ''^ it m I»'ii};th ff"»«i '"^^^ of last iuml ray. Ilead of
inodi'rate leu<rt^ itswi'^^ji 1* «"-inits lei>Stii; maxiUiiry reafli'"K to or
nearly to v«rti«,ji ft'oin'ni^Ullu of i)„pil, 2^ to^Huln'aU; mandible sliKhtly
projecting. T^util' ou ji^^^'S aiul H^Qt, Uo»»" on palatines; 2 blunt spines
on occiput, l^y^ vriy large, Ij li,„e9 ^he »»terorbiti,l width, iiml 2| in
head. Preopoj.,.]*? uriue^l ^v-jtli riHUum 0piiiO"8 pointH, the upper one point-
ing upward au^ i>iick\v»'''l> tliu "icoiid ***<! *'^'''*l backward, antl tho lowor
2 point iiigforw^y^jd; opei'cle eialiiij; j^ -.i tri»"Kiilar si>ine. Brandiiostegal
iiicnibraneH broji^tlj' uni*'"'' lr«" *">'om tU*> ift'iuius posteriorly. The upper
jiart of the bo,
tho lower, aut<i
maxillary, thic'

and scale-like xU'^^ '" ^''^'J^t^J*' Pkful'h **"*^ ^^ sides loosely jirruugcd in
.series. Spines .^^<1 uy!< "^ tloi«iil8,'j,jatlul, ^^d pectoral fins covered with
series of prickly^ uouriy to tlieir ti),j excep* the lower thickcuod rays of
jiectorals, whicjj jire luili^'l ; s» row ^j- ^alarg^u pjate-like Scales along thu
lateral line, betj^^jjiiug v«r.v intlistiupt posjtef'^i'ly, more niuuerou« and less
distinct than i,j friiHof pinf/tH, 38 jn UUiiil^erto opl>08ito the l^**** ^W of
second dorsal; .^ ^iuiilai' s^^ieH a'ougtl*** l»*^® "f dorsal (Ins, eu< I i^g oppo-
site the posteritjj. j'aTtol'^^-'Couddofg,,!; lo'^^'^rlialf of liodycrosst^*! ^tshort
intervals by tra,j0verse I'^'Uiljitiugj-Qpls of ^kin^ about 180 in number, the
edge of each folj^ -^vith Hi"i>U i-ousligpjjl«;8 cJ^'^^ing it to appear sbarply and
linely serrate, t,lj^(»G scaK'** 'tui<-li lurg„f and niop,, 8i>iiioii8 than in '^'lilllopg
pinijdi, these of jjijcciissi^'*^ IoIUb nUi^tiuJ? uii'l overlapping; the fo' tls reach-

idy "'"'^ *''" ^"I* ""'^ si'l''* "^ ^^'*'^' i"'*l"«liiig all of cheek,
t,xri"'"- ttB*^ "I>l»«r Piiits of ey"' and exposed portion of the
^^ jvcffid ^vitll prydy l>lij*^**, nnicli larger, uiore spinoi,H

I ! :

•)W?J!^IT.'^'";«»'M!''lil'WJ"Hi)pi,i|i,i,PflliitW

^

1926 Bulletin //, fruited States National Afuseum.

' 'i

: ;

r :

;:^' I

I'/

y

iiiK from liitcnil lino <|iiit« lo the iiiial liii, antl Itehiiitl the anal iMiuipl**tel.\
uiuMr(;l<i tlu) caiul.il iiodiiiirU'. In Trifilopii fiiniieli, the H)>acu along tlio anal
und tliu l(»\viT Hi(li>H of caudal ])odnn(;l*i \h nuUtul. Dorsal thiH not con-
n<'ct(Ml, lh«i niitnibrano IVoin last dorHul npino connecting with extreme hii.sr
of lifHt Hot't I'U.v; HjiiuonH (lorsal hif^hcr tlnm Hoft dorsal, tlie dorsal Hpincs
contained L'^ tinicH in length of head; rayn and HpiueH ulcnder; haHo oi
anal oi|nul in length to that of Hecond dornal, a little niont than 1^ length
of liody; can<lal trnncate, with a nnniiicr of short auxiliary riiyB alio\<'
und helow, and 12 fnlly dcvehiped rayu, each of which is twice hifnrcatr;
pectoralN reaching beyond front of anal, the lon|;est ray 1,\ to Ijf in length
of head, the lower rays enlarged and exserted, forming a tlistiuct lohr,
Hoinc of the rays of which are longer than tlie nppi>r |iart of the (in; \vn
trals reaching hoyond vent, very narrow at base, inserted close togethti ,
the outer ray not provided with the broad nicnibrunaieous lliip present in
TrlijlopH pin;nU. Color olivaceous above, light yellow with more or le.H->
silvery on sides of head and helly; traces of \ sadjUo-shiiped l>ands nl
darker color reaching across back and below lateral line; 1 under lirst
dorsal, '1 under second dorsal, and 1 on back of caudal peduncle; more <.i
less of the outer portion of gill ••"■•nbranes black, edged posteriorly with
white; gill cavity blac^k and nmf of mouth dusky; dorsal and caudal fins
indistinctly blotched with black, tlu^ blotch on tiie dorsal correspondiiii,'
more or less closely to the bars on the buck ; a large black blotch on uppi i
part of pectoral and on side of ))ody just above axil; peritoneum silvery
grayish. Very closely related to Triglopn hcani and Trhjlopx pini)ili, Imt
ditVeriug in the following respects: The eye is much larger, the snout
shorter, and the maxillary shorter and broader. The maxillary bone ami
the lower half of cheek are invested with prickles, not naked. The lower
thickened portion of the pectoral tin is produced to form a lobe, 'flic
scales on the upper half of the body are much coarser. The dorsal series of
enlarged prickles much less conspicuous. The Literal folds are much more
numerous, averaging about 4 to I pore of the lateral line, reaching to oi
nearly to the anal fin u;vl encircling the caudal peduncle below. The ven-
tral tins are much n.*'^ »ower and nearer together. The lateral line has ;i
much more pronoi-. ced u])ward curve over tue Itase of the pectorals. A
short, high occipital ridge is present, but does not terminate in a distinct
spine. (Occipital ridge obsolete in htani, a bare trace of it sometini'--
visible). Aleutian Islands; several specinn-ns, from 68 to 155 nun. in lengtli.
taken from south of Saunak and north of I Inalaaka Island, m 4IJ to IIW fatli-
oms. (Gilbert.) {dxETtriHoi:, thoughtful, reliective, in reference to the
api)earance given hy the large eyes.)

Triijlrps sceplicu*. Gu,I':t.t, Kept. U. S. Fish. Corn. 1893 (1806), 428, pi. 28, flg. 2, Aleutian
Islands, at Albr.cross Stations 3215, 3222, and others, in 43 to 138 fathoms.

721. STERNIAS, .Jordan & Evermann, new genus.

iS^ernias, Jordan iS: Kvermann, new genus (xenogUthus) .

This genus is closely related to Triglops, diftering chiefly in the scaly
breast, which is not crossed l»y folds or mucous channels. Back aud head
coarsely scaled. Pacific, {dripvov, breast.)

&.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fislics of North .\nuriai. 1027

b; more i>r

>J80». STKICMAS \K>OSTKTIirS((MllH<rt).

Ilftul about 4\; dttpth (i; uyo 3,'; in lii)a*l; Hiioiit:{!|. D. XI, 23; A. 2:t;
1', Id; V,I,H; lat»Uiil Mm- t;{; bramhiustc^alH <S. Ilndy Hliapt'd uh in 7Vi//-
lo^,^ liin<iili, rtithiir ht>uvy at slioultlfiH, taiMtring ^tadiially backward ; raii-
(l;il )um1uii('Io HluiidtT, ItH luaHt <li^|tth I'j ill its loiigtii, which in jj leii);th
(il liead; iipptT prulile of head duseoiidin); rapidly in a Htroiig roiivex
(•III vo, iinbrokun tu tip of Hiiout ; mouth larp;, niaxilliiry roachini; vortical
tioiii iiiitldic of pupil, liji in head; intororbital spaco very narrow, J, orbit,
111! orliital rim not idevated, thi' Hpiice neither j^rooved nor ridded; n pair
ol broadly rounded oeeipitiil rid^reH, not en ling in HpineH; nasal HpineH
slinrt and ineonH]>iciiouM, n bntadly noticeable de])rcH»4ioii behind them ; ]tr»-
ii|iciclc with 1 ill-delincd iirojoctions, 1 between each mncoiiH ])()i'e, but
wiilioiitdeiinite .spines; gill membranes uh UHiial; pectoral rays apparently
nil simple, the lower ones thickened; i»rickles covering dorsal region and
liiick and sides of head, unusually coarse and few in number; the usiiul
seiicH of enlarged prickles along either side of base of dorsals; folds Itelow
laltijil Hue numerous, very obli(iue, 2 or H to each ]ilato of the lateral line;
(III sides of abdomen anteriorly to vent, the prickly seiiles liordering the
t'liliis form a dense nniss in which the linear arrangeinont is still faintly
viMblo; breast covered with a very dense patch of similar scales, still more
(l()>cly crowded; lower part of cheeks, oporcles, and preorbital region
iiiiUed. Very light grayish above, with the usual ■! cross bars, those under
Mill dorsal and on back of tail broader than usual; under parts whitish,
liK Dining bright silvery on breast and belly; a series of irregular silvery
white blotches along lower margins of the dorsal cross bars; pectorals
dusky at base of upper and lower rays, with 2 convex dusky bars on
distal half; snout and cheeks more or less dusky. This spiuies differs
widely frcmi species of Tniflopa in the inv<'stment of the breast, which is
without trace of folds and is covered by small, closely imbricated spinous
siiili's, not arranged in series. In all other species of 7Vj///«j)» the breast
is ( rossed by a lew cutaneous folds similar to those on sides of b(»dy. In
^S'. .icnoiilitlins the sides of the abdomen are covered similarly to the breast,
but the scales are arranged in more or less evident series, some of which
can be traced above into the cutaneous folds. The body is not slender,
the liitoral folds are not very uum«'rou8, and the scales on head and on upper
pint of body are very coarse. Length 11 inches. Bering Sea; only the
tyjie known, ((iilbert.) (|eVo5, strange; (JrvOo?, breast.)

Ti!;iti>ii» xeiMttelhux, ( In.iiEUT, Kept. H. S. FIhIi Coiniii. 1893 (1896), 429, pi. '29, (ig. 2, north of
Unalaska, at Albatross Station 3220,in 34 fathoms. (Typo iu U. S. I^at. Mim.)

722. PRIONISTIUS, Bean.

Prinniitiug. BEAN, I'roc!. U. S. Xat. Mus. 188;!, 355 {maeellus).

This genus is allied to Tr'ujlopa, dilf'ering in the following respects: The
much slenderer form, the absence of a series of bony tubercles along the
ba,sc8 of the dorsal fins, the elongation of the exserted pectoral rays so
that the lower portion of the fin is considerably longer than the upper.

Umiqpil Vfgi*ifTWi(|||iwi|f]V«iUHi|Viwii!P*u.iivri|^<pp<^viiwi,iii|i i viammipuil , «■

'T^

1028 ISuUdin .f.y, United States National Museum.

tho proHuiiuo ufHurratiuiiHuii nil tluMluiHul HpiiirH uii*l on tlio tlrHl Mut't imv,
tiiitl tlin oiiiikr^fiiiutioii of tli«^ cuiulul llu. AluHka. (ni)i(ijy, fiVkVi) iCrmr,
Hiiil, rulVrriiiK to tlio dorHul tin.)

lis

.

■I

I

1

ii

4

'.•!i»4. I'KIOMIHTII'N MACKM.rN. lionii.

Huiid I/;; (loplIiH; )inm(liiuHt«)^riilH(i. D. XI-2!); A.2!); (.11 (ilovulopi'il ;
I*. lO-fri; V. I, :<; luturul lino 51. Itttily Nluii«l«r itiul floiij^utu, IIh ki'*' '<-
imt liui^lit uqiiiiliii){ length of luw«ti- ,|uw. Tlio hoi^lit iit tbu vuiitriilii
oquala k of tlio diHtiiiio«t of thu pucturul frosii tlic tip of the Hiioiit, uml is
coiitniiied 8^ tiiiieH ill till) Htundanl body Ini^Mi; citiidul putliiiirlo hIiiiii< r
than ill Trii/lops pinficH, itit luant liui^lit uqiiiillii^ width of iiiteroriiiiMJ
Hpacu; length of cuudiil puduiiclo, inuiiHiinMl from ttiid of anal liii tuuri^in
of iiiiddlu caiitlal ra.VH, 7 in length of hudy ; no hony platus along tlio ilur-
Hul tina; latorul lino with woll-d«>vt>lo]MMl ohsi-iih tuhurclt-H, fiirniHhod hclnw
with ciliatod HcalcH Niinilnr to tlnmu of Triifl<tpn piiii/tli; tho briuiHt, \\i>\\-
oviT, unliko that of thu Hpurit'sJiiHt iiauiod, in nakoil. Tho huad agrees in
tho main with that of TviijIupH phiiii li, but Ih not ho doop nor ho wid«t; the
,jav,H aro about equal in front, (iruatoat width of huad uli^htly nioro tlmu
^ itH length and 7.) in body. Inturorbital width, uioaHurod on tho lionti,
about It in orbit, which *-i|ualH tho snout in h'ligth. On tho top of brad,
cloHo bohind tho orbitH, aro '2 abort, iutorrupted fiiirowa aliuilar to tlnmu
obHorvod in Homo aiiocit^a of I'lionotna. Tho lon;;tb of tho iippor jaw is
containod '2lt times in that of tho hoad, oqiiala that of tho postorbitai jiart
of tho head, and in <'ontained i)| times in tho unit of longth. Tho maxil-
lary extends nearly to cho vertical through the niiddlo of tho eye, tliu
mandible nearly to that through the posterior margin of tho eye. 'l'\w
length of tho inaudible is about | that of tho hoad. Tho dentition in
tho same an in Trif/Iojis itinmli. The length of tho uyo equals that of tin;
snout, and is contained 3} times iu tho length of tho head. Tho braiuhi-
oHtegal membrane is not very d< (Jitly emarginato,. and is free from thu
isthmus; slit behind fourth gill . little nicro than <! as loug as the pupil;
gill rakora on tho anterior arch (piite rudimentary, their length Ikmmj,'
rather Ichs than their width, 8 below the angle. Distance of apinous doi-
sal from tip of suont etjuals that of jiectoral from saiiio poiut, and is \\ ia
body ; base of this lin twice as long as longest ray of soft dorsal ; length of
lirst spiue equals that of lirst ray of soft dorsal, and is coutaiued 3^ tiinus
in that of head; fuurtli spine longt^st, its length being containod 2A tiiiics
in that of head; last spine very little more than ^ as l<mg aa first; 'irst
spine serrated along lower ^ of its autorior edge, and all tho followiii.n
apines, except the last, are similarly armed along tho anterior I'dgo of tlu'ir
exsorted tips; even the lirst ray of second dorsal is thickly set with uiinntu
spines; length of base of soft dorsal 2\ times in body; its lirst ray e(iiiiil
to longest anal ray or the first spine, which equals distance from snout to
orbit; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh rays longest and about e«iual in
lengtli, twice as bmg as last ray and ;V i^s long as soft dorsal base; iikmu-
brane behind last dorsal spine extending to base of first soft ray ; origin
of anal fin vertically beneath base of second soft ray, the distance of the
anal origin from the snout less than length of anal base; length of lir^it

Jordan and F.vermanu. — Fishes of North Aineriai, lOliU

iiiiul niyni|iitilH IuiihI hri);lit (if tail iiimI im .sli^rhtiy hkik, tliiiii \ tliut of lil'tli
to «*i>;liMi, wliirii iirit luiifrrHt, tlio lust rav \ an Ion;; as orbit; \«Mit ni-iiriy
mill way hrtwtnni <>ri){iii of vuiitralH aiitl that of anal; luiitla! «li.stiiictly
tMiiai'^iMato V, lion fully <)\paii(l«Ml, Mi«i lt>ii);tli of iiiiiltllr layn *.) tiiiicM, aiitl
tiiMt of tiiH t'xtttnial ravH 7|',, tiiiioM in irii^th of Ituily, Tlu^ ntnutiiru ol
tlii< pectoral in Niinilar tu that in Tv'kii\u\)» \^\»i\v\\, hut thu Itni^t'st of tint
cxstirtfd lowoi ra.vN cxti'iKls (oiiMiilrralily fartlicr Imi^k lliaii tin- upper por-
liiin of till' tin. 'rii» ori;j;iii of the pn-toral ih (linitiy iiinli'i' that of tin*
s|iiiiiiUH ilorHal. The hwi^th of thu lon^rost uxairtod ray (ili'vonth) is con-
tiiinid \\ tiiii<'H in th«« Htamlartl body length, l-'ivit of the lowt-r puctoral
rii,\ M uru niodilit'd. Tho ti'iitli prctoral ray, which in thf ioiiffoNt of th«< non-
i-.\surttMl portion, iHonly alxnit ,'; aH long aH thuoli<v«-iith and ttxtriids to nt^ar
jiif unil of tho HpinouH doiHal. Tlitt vnitral is sitiiatod farther in advaii(!i>
tiiiin III TiiylopH inni/t li, and docs not ijuito reach to tlic vent whun exteiideil.
llH length is containt'd nearly IL' tinicH in the unit of length. CoiorH:
Tlicre are tracer of the same k bars which ornament the back iinil Hides of
Trinliipx piniicli, but the dorsal )>oition of thu niaikiiigs is very faint and
till' htwur liniitH of thu dark arean are the inost intense and form a HiicceH-
siiiii of uhmgatu blotches along tlie meilian lim« of thu body, (tai tly below
iiiiil partly on the lateral line; dorHiil linH with 1^ HurioH of dark HpotH on
till' ravH and spinuH, but not on the counecting nieinlirane; tliene Hpota
roiining broken buiulH wliich are oblii|ue on the lirst dorsal and nearly
iiiiii/ontul on thu Hoft tlorsal when the linH are raised; a creHcent-shaped
lu'oken Vaud crosses thu top of thu body at the ninth dorsal spine; a
.sliDi't, dark blotch near the root of the pectoral on the tenth, eleventh,
iunl twelfth rays; another dusky blotch in the upper axil of thu pectoral;
I dusky burs on thu puctoral, tho lirst of which is very short, invcdving
only about 5 of the ravs, the secimd and third extending to thu lirst
i'\>erted ray, and the fourth, which is near the tip of the tin, extending on
till! 7 upper rays only; caudal dusky at tho base and with 4 bars, the
lirst of which is faiut in the middle and the last interrupted by the umar-
^iiiation of the tin; lips and uppur portion of the maxilla dusky; a dark
lilolch on tho interopurculum ; niembiane lining the inner surface of thu
uperciilnm dusky ; ventrals and anal whitish. Length 172 nun. (Bean.)

Conceruiug this species Dr. (Jilbert observes:

''The elongation of thu lower exsertod ]»ectoral rays, and tho 'serrations'
(i. ('., minute spinous scales) on the tin rays, are characters -which I'rioniii-
tiiiH shares with related species of TriijIopH. Tlie slonderness of tho body,
the emargiuatiou of the caudal lin, and the elongate dorsal and anal tins
lire ))reseDt and the two former carried to an extniuie in Elamtvu forjhula.
Ill addition to these characters, I'noniatins has the breast naked and the
ilorsal region without the usual series of enlarged jdates."

Three specimens, 77 to 87 mm. long, w(Te secured at stations south of
Sanuak and north of llnimak Islands, Alaska, at 38 and 5() fathoms. The
ventral lins seem to be not more advanc«ul in position than in tlu' other
Npiiies. In other respects these specimens agree well with Bean's admira-
lily full (h'scriptiim. Ah'iitian Islands, south to British Columbia; not
x;\yv. (inaeelliiH, diminutive of mucvr, slender or thin.)
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IIKJO Uulletin 77, L'niled States A\itional Musiuin,

I'rionittiut macfUiii, Hran, Trmv W. H. Nut. Mum. \m:\, U6:>, Carter Bay. British Columbia
(TyiMtH, NiiH. :ilii:iH iiikI :i:i7(KI, r. H. Nitt. MuH. Cull. Capt. II. K. Niubula) j Uiijikiii,
Ui'pt. U. 15. Fixb < 'uiiim. IttUU (UtW), 4ai.

723. ELANURA, nillx-rt.

Ulaniirn. (Jii.mkkt, Kept. V. H. VM\ t'oniiii. IHO:i (IKIMJ), 4'.'U (/m/leafa).

TU\h iH'iuiH is nearly rt-litti'd to t'rioiiiiilhiH, IVnin wliirli itdittriH in iIh
pi'fHrnrt' oi' II HI rii'H of cnliirgftl HiiitcH iilitn^; nirli hIiIc of Iimhi- of il(ii>iil
IhiN, ill till' ])rrHt'nri' of HpinotiH rroHH t'oldr* on the broaMt, iintl in tin- vi ry
(lri'|»ly forkrd oinilal lin. rniopiTtiiliir Hpiin-H I, tlio lower ',\ <li'v*>|ii|ii'i| dm
thill, Hut lolii'H. From TiijilojiH it ilitVorH in thu loikcd (wiinlul, in ihu
gruat t'lotiKutlon oC tlio body, and tlu; li-ngtlK'ni-d dorsal and anal Hiin. It.
agrtTs with Tiiijlopn and I'lioniHliitu in all othur iiiiportiint Htrurtnnd
di-tailK, int'lnding the cxserti'd, more or Ibhs prodneeil lower |ivetoral nivn.
AhiHka. (I'JIunua; t)\ayoi, a kite; uvfja, tail, t'r«»m the long caudal lln.i

8U0A. KLAM'KA KOKFK ATA, (iillHirt.

DeplliOJ to7.t 1). XI-2{»or:{0; A.:i()<o32; r.2l; (Ml; V.l.a; liii. i,i|
line 54 to 50; iMiincliioHtegalH U. Thin Hpeeies \n iiiokI closely leliitnl In
I'rtoiiiHiiHS mtwrlhiH, \\\t]i wliieli it agrees in its extreme elongation, in llir
prodiietion oj' its exseited peetoiiil rays, and in the investment of tin
spines and rays of dorsal and eainlal and iteetoral tins, witli series nj
minute prickles (not "serrations"). The caudal lin is very widely IoiKkI,
not merely einarginate as in l'rioninlh(n viihtIIiis, the dorsal 8»'riesof s|miiiiii.s
scutes is ])reseiit, and also the customary plates <m the breast. Tin mm-
trals occnjiy the ])osition iisinil in the genus and extend well beyond ilir
vent. The iiiterorbital region is a wide, shallow groove, unlike the ii;n
row space in /'riowi»/ii/« mavillits, tlu-re is a nuked streak on cheek tullciw
ing the lt)wer line of the suborliital stay, and the coloration is peciilun.
Extremely elongate, heaviest at the shoulders, tapering slowly and n-n
larly backward, the ventral regitui often disteiuh'd; dejitli of bodyc(|ii;il
iiig. or nearly e(|Uiiliug, length of snout ami eye; length of CiincLil
])edunele, friuii last anal ray to base of median caudal rays, varying li<>iii
[• to 11 times length of snout and eye; body cverywhi'ie eompicsxil,

slightly deeper than wide, the greatest width and depth of head al I

»'qnal; depth of caudal peduncle greater in females than in niiiles, .ivi 1-
aging '■} (liameter of cyo in the former, 'i «'y«' in the latter. ()cciiii!,il
region of head nearly squar*' in cross section, tapering regularly. A |i;iir
of iiiconspiciUMis low ridges diverging from behind eye, and a ))ai: ul
cross grooves, 1 iunnediately behiml «'yes, the other on middh; of 01 1 i-
put, hardly notie«'able in the young ; supraocular rim protruding lalerii llv,
ant»(riorly an<l posteriorly, «leeply incurved above middle of eye; iiitcnn-
bital space wicU', «^venly concavt^ its greatest width over front <d" lyr
equaling length of snout, ita least width | diameter of orbit; snout sIimi]).
with greatly <'onvex upper profile showing a faint transverse giiMivc
behiml nasal spines, its h^ngth less than diameter of eye, 3A to Hr; in
length of head; mouth slightly oblique, reaching a vertical haU\M)y

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Jordan and Evvrmann. — Fishes of North America, 1031

\l\\Vi of orii-

Isnoiitsliiirii.

II UMi'ii rmiil iiihI iiiitlillr III' pupil, 2{\ (in .Vihiiik) to '1\ in IimikIIi nl' Inail;

. \r :(,'„ (hi yniuiK) tn \\\ in liniil. (HII nirtnlinini-N wiildy .joiiM'il, tVrti

iiiiiii till* iKilinins; n wi||-ili'\rliipi'i| Nlit luliinil IjihI ^\\\\ iniNul spint-M

iiiniilc, iiH in I'lioHixliun mmrlliiM, lianlv vinililr; M|ipri' pirupcirnliii'

• |iin«« sliiirt iin<l Nlniplr, X luwir nniN di-vi-liipi'il dm thin runniiril IoIii-k,

I' ir<;nliiri,v scrniltMtr HpinuiiH. S<|ntnniil inn ll^• nsniil in Tiiijluiitt; tlu'liiHly

liiiM- Ihi- lali-riil iini* iiml liir tup ami siilis uf inail thirixly roVi'iril witii

aiall HpiniinM hihIis; liiwcr Niiii< of lirnii, inclinlin^ tin- luwi-r paitN nf

I hrfk anil prruprrrlr, mill a narnnv Htrip alon;^; iowi-r hairi>t'])rriirl>ilal, tlii>
^iiliorliital rin^;, iiiiil llir Hiiltiirliila! nlay iiakril; tin- si-rii-M uf sli^liljy
( iiiarpil ilmsal xriilrH vny irii'^iilarly ili'\ rlnpril, tlir i>lalrH vary iiijf (ruin

II Id III, ill (» spn inicns t'liniili'il. liatrral liiii' Hli^litly ilcprcHm-il aliovo
;i\ii of piM liiiai.H. liii'iiri- asri'iiilin;^ liy a yriitly roiiM'X riirvr, Munii'linirs
iirarly Kiraiulit, with 51 to Titi Ncntrs of tlir iisnal chaiartrr, liavin^; iinilii-
l.iliii;; t'olils ih'Hi I'liiliii^ iililit|iu'ly rriiiii thr posti'iior niaix>ns; nnnirruns
-1 lonilaiy I'ohls also pi«'«fiif, iivcin^in^; alioiit 1' to i-arh HriitiMtf tlii> lut-
I lal liiir, tlir total imiiiiImt of tolil.H count I'll a Ion;; hiwir half ol'siilrn lirin^,
ill ailiillH, aliont lltri; antiTior basr anil axil of pi-rtoials anil a strip
mi'iirlin^ lirrast in fioiil of vi-ntral tins iiaknl, tlio ItrciiHt with a fi-w (5
ill ID) traiiHvrrsi' IoIiIh siinilar to thosi- on siihs; llir latrial folils |ravi< a
wiiii- naki'il strip alon^ ItaM- of anal till anil ilo not riirirclr laixlal pi-itnnrlo
ImIiiw. Dorsal spinrs Ion;;' ami cxtiriiiciy .slt'inlrr, tin- lonyi'st l.'| to ii.i in
lii'iiil, the 1^ liiiH si'iiarato, tin* inoiiiltiaiio of the last spini- i-\ti>nilin^ to
ii.iM' of lirst soft ray; Holt iloisal vny loii;>. its haso 2| to L',-; in h'ny;lli,
liiiliii;; sli;;hlly in ailvaiui- of last anal ray; basr of anal 2\ to '2\ in
lin^tli ; anus anterior in position, m-arly niiilway iirtwrcn axil ^\i vnitriils
mill front of anal; vnitrals insi>rtril in tin- usual positimi, thi-ir ilistaiico
1111111 snout ){'j or I ill li'ii^tli. Alon^ llifir iiiitrr margin thry an- proviili-il
with a wiilo cntam'ons fohl, as in Tvifiloitn humi, 'I'ln-y rxtonil wrll

III yonil tlio Vint, in niair, or nearly to the front of anal; pectonits nsnally
V. itli lil rays, tin- lower 7 simple, tliiekeiieil, exserteil, 2 or 3 of them often
I- lull};' as, or loiij^er than, the bianclieil rays iiliove, the tin thus appear-
ing notelieil or loheil; loiiKi'Mt niys extenilin;r well lieyoml front of anal
iiiiil eoiitaiiieil I j to 1} tinn-H in lieiiil; eanilal lin very Bhar])ly tinil deeply
tiirketl, esjieeially in male examples, where the meiliiin rays are but A the
It iiyth of the longest ones, the eainlal varies in len;;tli from [; len;^tli nf
licad (in males) to ij length (in females), and eontains 11 rays, the lower-
inust (eorrespondinjj to the iipj)einiost deM-loped ray) shortened and
iiiiliranehed, as usual in T/(',(//o/w. Coloration siinilar in the two sexes:
Lifiht brownish (in spirits) above, the baek erossed with the usual \
Miildle-sliaped blotelies, the lirst one broad, under the tirst 7 or 8 dorsal
>)iiiies, the hoeond narrow, under the tilth to the tenth rays of Beeond
ildisal, the third and fourth very narrow, under last dorsal rays and on
liiick of eaudal pedumle; between the seeoiid and third bars are 2 or 3
f-iiiiilai' fainter ones e([ually dividinj^ tht^ interspace; the bars are con-
liiiiied to below the lateral line, where they immediately fork, <;iviiig rise
iliiis to a series of vertical dark blotches mostly arian;;e<l in pairs; the
interspaces between souio of the auterior pairs with a bright silvery spot ;

JBMl'JIBJjpHUa^

1932 Bulletin //, United States National .Ifnsenm.

MiMliTsid*- (if liciid 1111(1 Ixxly wliilisli, tlic iHCiisl and mitcridr pint of Ix-Uy
unir(( «»r icMs Nihcry; liiiiii;^ of opcrcld jct-hliick, tlit^ cdlor dcst^ciKliii;;
(into \\w iiititcrmost brancliiostciriil iJiyH; iiii ill-«l(!liiic(l dark blotch liclow
eye, from whicli runs a narrow streak alonj;' ]>rcorbital to front of snont,
whcni it crosses upper ]!]>; lower lip Mack, exceitt laterally ; no distiiK I
niarkin<>s on basal portion of pectorals, a small faint spot at base of ii>
npper rays, and a nnmber of very fal'it bars sometimes visible in females;
males with 2 conspicn(nis Jet-black bars cntssin;; terniii:al half of the lower
thickened pectoral rays; tips of the narrow caudal lobes jet-black, iiu
other nnirkin;;s visiole, Aleutian Islands; several specimens, from 115 ti
245 nnn. hm;;, from station. 4 south of iSannak and north of IJinmak islandv.
at dejiths of 38 to 50 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (J'orjicatiis, I'l'eidy forked, liki
shears.)

FAanuia /orjieala. <in,liKirr, Kciit. I'.S. Tisli Comdii. 18t);i (lHi)«), 430, ]>l.;f(», lig. 1, Aleutian
Islands, at Albatross Stations 3213, 3314, and 332a, in 38 to 50 fathoms.

|i.;:'

A-'i

724. MELLETES, IJeau.

Melletes, IIkan, I'roc. II. S. Nut. Mu.s. IK7!I,;),'J4 (papilio).

Kody moderately elongate. Head broad, deincsHscd, rounded Jn front,
naked, with several cutaneous Haps; .jaws, vomer, and palatines witli
bands of villiforni teeth; preopercnlar spines simple, rather strong; gill
uiembriMies bfvjadly eonnected, free from the isthmus; a slit beliind the
last gill; ti narrow band of ctenoid scales along sides of back, meeting in
front of dorsal; a few i^rickh's on anterior parts of body, and some small
dennal tla])s on s'des; skin otherwise naked; dorsals connected; tin'
si)inuus dorsal long, not emarginate ; pect(n'als well developed, the rays ,1 II
simple; ventrals very long, I, 4, the inner surface of the rays armed witli
stiff setai; ]>yloric ca'cr. 6; no air bladder. Alaska. { i^ieWt/Tyc, ;i
loiterer; remaining in shallow jtools as the tide recedes.)

2»0«. MKLLKTKS k'AIMLlO, ]5eiiu.

Head 2:i ; branchiostegals (J. 1). XI-1,20; A. 17; ('. 11 (developed rays);
1'. 17; V. I, 4. Body moderately elongate, rather slender, somewhat com-
pressed posteriorly; narrow band of scales close to its dorsal outlim ,
otherwise naked, Avith the excepl,ion 01 a few prickles on sides. HcimI
naked; 2 small cutaneous ai)pendages on chin, 1 near the end of Ciicli
nnixillary, 2 above eyes, 2 on the vertex, and 1 near the upper angle of
each gill opening; branchrostegal membrane free from the isthmus poste-
riorly. TJ'.e greatest, height of body is ^ its length, and e(£uals the length
of the external caudal lays, its height at the ventrals contained 4i^ times
in length. The least Laight of tail e(iuals the distance between eyes and
the length of the antecedent spine of th(i second dorsal. The length nl'
the caudal peduncle, measured from the end of the second dorsal to tho
origin of the middle caudal rays, equals \ the length of the maxillary.
Head e((uals twice thfl length of the mandible, its greatest width e(iii.ilM
the length of the ba^e of the s^duous dorsal; distauce between eyes 3

Jordan and Ever maun, — Fishes of North America. 10.'J3

tiiiit's in lenjjth of 83cou<l and third dorsal spinos; length of snont, or
distance fDoi end of snout to orbit, oi|iials long diameter of eye and \
\<'\\%W\ of n]>per .jaw; length of maxillary otinals twice length of caudal
iirduncle, and .V length of anal base; ntandiblc 2 in head, or 5^ body.
There are 2 obtuHo spines on the snout, 2 above the posterior parts of the
niliits, and 2 on tht^ vertex, thi- last 1 being provided with short lilanicnts,
www on the s))ino of the snout. Tliore are 2 minute, barbel-like lilameuts
(III the chin, and there is I short cntancouM tag close to the end of each
maxilla anil on the membrane at the u|)pcr angle of the gill opening. The
ilistance of the spin(»us dorsal from the snout e(|nal82.l times the length of
lis lirst spine, its length of base o(iuals the greatest width of the head.
1 lie second and third dorsal spines are equal, their length being contained
IK ;irly 5 times in the length of the body ; fourth dorsal spine longest, its
|( iigth 1.1 in body ; fifth dorsal spine.") times in body ; last dorsal spine shorter
tliiiii the antecedent spine of the second dorsal; longestrayof second dorsal \
IIS long as dist::uce of pectoral from snout, the last r:iy \ as long as the
iiiitecedeut spine; distance of the anal from the snout nearly twice that <>f
the spiuousdorsal from the same point ; length of the anal base twice that
ol tlic maxilliuy; longest anal lay twice as hnig as the List; tips of the
Mini! rays fre(^ from the membrane, some of them for a ilistance e(|iial to A
t!ic diameter of the orbit; length of th(> middle caudal rays \{ times in
tli.it of the body, the length of the externol rays, 4 times; length of the
luiigest pectoral ray nearly twice that of the fifth dorsal spine, extending
III vertical tiiroughthe lOot of the sixth anal ray; distance of ventral from
siiiiiit equals 3 times the long diameter of the orbit; length of longest veu-
tial ray nearly \ that of the body, extending to vertical through the ,oot
iifthe seventh anal ray; tips of the rays extending beyond the membrane,
ill one case about i of the length of the tin; ventrals furnished with stiff
sctii' on their under surface, following the course of the rays. Color: The
iiioimd color of the upper part of the body is a light grayish brown, <m
which are 4 markings of a <larker brown, of which the first \\ ar(> baml-like
and extend below the lateral lino, while the fourth is widest below and
sends only a nai-row point below the lateral lino; between the third and
i'ciiirth largo body markings then' is a small blotch of similar color begin-
ning at the lateral line ami ixteuding downward a <listance equal to about
' the long diameter of the orbit; at the base of the caud.il is a band-like
Marking similar in color to the body markings, and the posterior half of
tlKxaiidal bears 2 obscure bands of brown; between the brown markings
tiicie is au area of yellowish white; top of head sienna brown; cheeks
hrown, of a darker tint than th<^ rest of the head; lower parts of head yel-
lowish white, as are the bases of the pectoral and the anterior part of the
111 Uy ; lower parts of the body grayish white, dottcil here and there with
sixits of milky white, largest of these milky-white spots is not more tlian
' as long as the orbit; belly with some similar spots, lesembling m this
iespcvt the male of MyoxovcphnliiH (jrtinlandUuH, but the spots are much
smaller than in that species; spiuousdorsal mainly very dark brown, with
1.' light area.-, in its anterior and posterior parts; second, third, and fourth
body t.arkiugs continued upon the soft dorsal; that proceeding from the

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lO.'i-i Bulletin ^7, l-nitcd States National Museum.

fourth body markiiifj, however, is continued forward, forminf; a mnr<jiii
for tlie np)i<>r ixmterior part of the HoftdoiHal; ;;romid c<tlor of the pec
toral a /riayisli brown; on this ground cohu' the upper portion of the liii.
on itH anterior wnrface, lias Heveral bands of milky white bordered witli
Hieiina brown ; tlie b)wer part of the anterior HUifaee niottle<l with nearly
linear niarkin;;s of Hienna brown bordered with milky wliite; the mark
iufjs of the posterior Hurfae(M)f the ]»eetoral corresi)onding in the main
witli those of the anterior siirfaee, but the tii)s of the membrane between
many of the rays are milky white; vontrals streuked and s))otted with
sienna lirownand mill<y white on both surfaces, the membrane eloisetotin
third ray having? a rejjnlar alternation of these brown and white spots:
anal j>rayish brown sparsely mottled with spots similar to those on tin'
ventrals; peritonenni silvery white. The length of the intestine Ih o<|n;il
to tin* distance from the tip of the snout to the end of the anal fin. Tlir
genital papilla is short, about etpial to the opeiiinjif of the vent. Pribiloi'
Islands. Known fioni 1 specimen, length 185 mm. (liean.) (papilia.
buttertly.)

Melletes papilio, Ukan, rroc. II. S. Xat. Mns. 1879, .'i.'>4, St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group
(Type, No. 2:)751, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. llcnry \V. Elliott) ; JouuAN A: GiLUEUT, Sy nop
ais, 716, 188:).

725. HEMILEPIDOTUS, Cuvier.
(luisir L<)un8.)

TTnnUepidolun, CnviEK, llt'ffiio Aniiii., Ed. 2, Vol. u, lf»5, 1829 (hewilepidotiit).
Tcinnistia, Ukmiakdso.n, Fiiudu l5or. Aiirnr., in, 59, 1830 (ventncogus).

liody with 2 broad bands of rough scale like plates on e.ich side, 1 aloni;
the side of the back, 1 alonji; the lateral line, the upper bands meeting;
anteriorily in front of dorsal; scales roundish, their upper an«l postcrioi
marjiins free; skin otherwise uiikcd, the naketl skin thick and linn; licinl
naked. Villiform teeth on .jaws, vomer, and palatines. Top of head
rugose, the ridges low, without spines, no .spines on su])raorbital run.
liranchiostegals (5. Asnuill slit behind fourth gill; gill membranes joint .1
to the isthmus anteriorly but forming a rather broad fold aciross it; jin-
opercular 8])ine8 simple, strong. Dorsal (ins connected, the first loni;,
with strong sjiines, emavgiiuite, the lirst 3 spines shorter than those wliidi
follow ;ventrals I, 4. North Pacilic, in shallow water. {}}jin , halt', XETfiSayro:
scaled.)

n. Tliiimt and bolly ]>nro wliito, or ]>alri yollow. B. TIT, VTII, 21 ; A. 17. .TOlU)ANI, 2:iii7.
aa. Tlirout and bi-Uy prol'iisoly .spotted with black. 1). Ill, VIII, 19; A.l.").

UKMU.EIMDOTUH, 2:'.t)S

2.'i07. IIKMILEPIDOTIJS .lOKDAM, ISenii.

(Ini.sH LoBD; Yellow Srui.piN.)

Head 3 ; depth 4^. D. Ill, VIII, 21 ; A. 17 ; V. T, 4 ; eye 3 in head ; pccto, ,il
3^; ventr.'illl; third d<n"sal spine 3; eaiulall?. Hody rather robust anlc-
rbuly, tapering into aslender caudal pedunch;; mouth moderate, the mux-

Jordan and Rvermann. — Fishes of North America. 1935

illiiry roiiohiiijjf to inidiUo of eye; lower Jaw incluiltMl; villiform trt^th on
J;i\vs, vomer, and ])alatint>s; intcnn-hital deeply eoneiive, jibont \ eye; a
ll:i|) of Hkin above ]iostfrior inarghi of eye, 1 on check, a eonple at tip of
|n\v*-r jaw, 1 on end td' maxillary, 1 at eacdi .side of nape; topof h(>ad eor-
iu<;'at.ed bnt witliont HpineH. A ban<l of HcaleH alon^ back, in 4 st'iics
iiitfiiorly, 1 or 2 posteriorly; a naked area between this band antl lateral
line (d" abont the same width; a scries of scales alon;^ lateral line, li scries
iliiMji;; th*^ mesial third of its length; below lateral line a band of scales in
7 iir 8 s»'ri»'s, bcconung scattered and embedded under pectorals. Fins
;j;iriitly elavated in the males; »nij;in of dorsal over base of pc4 torals. the
lirsl 3 spines snbeqnal, the other anterior spines ninch lon<i;er, but sliy;htly
slmrter than soft rays; tip of pectorals reaching to below tlio fourth soft
lay of dorsal; ventrals inserted slightly behind them; their tii)s reaching
s (lit; caudal suldruncate. Color creamy white, mottled with dark brown ;
tlie niottlings forming irregular cross bars; some irregular ladiatiug lines
fninieye; ventrals white in the female, dusky or speckled in the male;
ipilicr tins with wavy dark cross bars and spots; lowi-r parts largely bright
yrllow in life. Here described from specimens from Alaska at AlhalroHs
Station 3291. Length 12 to 25 inches. Hering Sea, very abnudantsouth to
I'lialaska and east to Kadiak; much value<l by tlu> Aleuts as a food-tish,
although rather coarse; specimens secured at Captains Harbor, Unalaska,
SI. Paul Island, Bering Island, Unga, Karluk, and at Alhahoas Station 3(»35
utf St. (Jeorge Island in 21 fathoms. Characterized by its comparatively
plain coloration, the pale j)arts being largely bright yellow in life, wider
and .shallower interorbital space, smoother sid«* of the head, and longer
dorsal and anal. All specimens examiui'd have dorsal XI, 21; A. 17. At
aiiteriiU" and posterior ends (»f occipital ridges are centers ai«nind which
radiate very coarse bnd<eu strije, contrasting with the finer grannlati(ms of
U. Iiemilep'idolm, \\\\'\i\\ are .also dis d in Mating lines. The nmles
(I i tier from females in the great dev ; .l of all the tins, the higher ilaps

on head, and the preseuc(^ of more ycdlow on Jaws and branchiostcgal
ngion. TIh' gctieral color of body and upper fin»' is dull (dive mottled
with bluish, the ventral fins an<l sides <d' btdly often obscurc'y speckled,
the under parts translucent white in spirits but largely bright yellow in
lite. (Named for David 8tarr .Jordan.)

Ill iiiilrpidotwi jordani, Be a.v, Proc. F. S. Nat. Mas. 1881,1.');?, Unalaska (Type, No. 27.'>98,
I'.S.N.M. Coll. Sylvanus 15ailo.v) : ( Jn.ltKKT. Kept. 1'. .S. Kisii Coinm. 18!t:i (IH»C),4H1;
Joui'AN &. Gn.i»EBT, Fishes Bering Sou, in Rejjt. Far Seal Invest. 1896, 181>7 AIS.

2308. lIKMILEPIIXtTIS IIEMILKI'IDOTI S (TilesiuH).

(REU SCILPIN.)

Head 2.^ ; depth 3^. D. Ill, VIII, 19 or 20; A. 15; eye 4^ in head; third
dorsal spine 3; third dorsal ray 2J^; pectoral l»; ventral lA; caudal Ik.
liody robust, not depre.s8ed; head large; interorbital space deeply con-
cave, its width I" dianu'ter of the large eye; occipital ridges low and
broad ; bones of top of head extremely rough, but withont sjiines, naked
but with radiating stria-; small tiaps over posterior p.art of eye, at oc<i-
imt, over opercle, and on cheeks, maxillary, preopercle, mandible, and tip

U '

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BuUeliu 4y, IhiUcd States National Museum.

of snout; inoutbinodorate, the luaxillnry reaching to Ixilow posterior mm
gill of eye. .JuwHBiil>e(|ual; villiforiii tectli in broad bands on jaws, vomer,
and palatinos. Skin thick and firm; gill nifnibranes forming a modfratt-
fold across tho istlimiiH; n|i]irr band of H(;alos of about 4 rows, narrower
than tho interspace; (irst 3 spines of dorsal about equal, lower than thos.
following; soft dorsal high. Olivaceous or roddish, more or less mottled
and barred with darker; belly and lower parts pale, jtrofusely covered wit li
small blackish spots; (iiiH all more or less speiiklcd; skin Joining bones oi
jaws llnely spotted with black. Length 18 inches. Kamchatka to Sjih
Francisco; abundant from Tuget Sound to 8itka; not common in Berin;;
Sea. Smaller than HiinilepidoluHJorilani aud much more varied in color.
Here described from a spe(;imon 9 inches in length, from I'uget Sound.

Although much less abuinbint in IJcring Sea than II. jordani, this is tlu'
only «i)ecieH which came into the hands of the older writers. The Cothm
fn(vltiini8 «tf Pallas, BUpsius renliicoaus Eschscholtz, H. lilenii Ciivier A
ValeiicienneH, and II. {lihbai Gill, all belong here. In addition to tli(
striking ditl'crences in color, H. iHinVvp'ulotus is distinguished by tbeuiiicli
narrowi-r and deeper interorbital spact^ and the more extensive! grannlii-
tions of i\\v bones of the head in adults. Tlu^ occipital and temporiil
ridges arc more elevated, the granulations liner, extending onto upper
portion of opcrele, sulnnbital ring, and bony bridge across cheek. Tlic
opercular rib and the suborbital stay are snujotli or faintly striate in II.
joidiivi. The vertical lins an^ constantly shorter and lower than in II.joi-
dani, tlie formula, P. XI, 19, A. I.'), being constant in all specimens oxam-
inod. (7)niAE7tiSa}r6g, half-scaled.)

Cottu* hcmilepidotut, Tilesuts, M^-m. Ac. Petersb., hi, 1810, 202, Petropaulski; based on

Myoxocephalng earn iittis, Stem.ku !MS., 1741.
Cottut trachnnit, Pallas, Zoogr. Koas.-Asiat., m, 138. 1811, Kuril Islands. (Coll. Capt.

Ju8c)>1i liilling.<4.)
Ilemilcintiotm tilegil, CuviBR & Valenoiennes, Jlist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 270, 1829; altir

TiLESiusand Pallas; Gf^NTHEii, Cat., 11,173.
lilcimas ventrirosvt, Esciiscnoi.TZ, Zool. Atlas, lid llel't, 14, 1. 13, 1829, Norfolk Sound and

Sitka. (Coll. Capt. Kotzel>uo.)
Ue.milepidotusgihhsii, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1802, 13, Northwest Boundary Survey;

no dotiuite locality given. (Coll. Dr. Suckley.)
Ifemilepidntus trachvrvs, Jokdan & Gu.bert, Synopsis, 71. '>, 1883.
Tcmnistia ventricosa, Kichauijson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., Fish., 59, 1836.

14^

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726. CALYCILEPIDOTUS, Ayros.

Calycilepidohi$, AvRE.s, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1, 18.')5, 70 (i^pinosus).

This genus is very <'1osp to IlemihpUJotua, from which it differs in the
broad union of the gill membranes to tho isthmus, the skin not forming a
fold across it. The skin of the body is thin and lax and the single known
species is much smaller and less robu.st than the species of Hiinilcpidohit.
The form of the upp«M' surface of tlu^ cranium is also different. The ridges
on head are prominent, broken up into nuigli irregular spines; post«'ii(>r
part of supraorbital rim very rough and uneven. (ndAv^, cup ; XeTtidoorof.
scaled.)

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Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1937

Brior mai -

2:100. < ALVnLi:i>IIM>Ti:S SIMXOKL'S, Ayrcs.

ll.iHl I'i; <l<plli 5. I). Ill, VIII, 1J»; A. 1.'.; scalts <5(); .•><• Ij^ in \wm\\
hiiixillary 2^; foiirtli dorsal spiiu' 4; pectoral 1.J; vnitral 2; raiidal 1^.
i;(nly rather elongate, deprcHsed ; head liroad, Hoinewhat concave l)et\veen
I lie occipital ridgcH; 2 sharp railiating ridges heliind iip|)er posterior
iii.'irgiu of each orhit, somewhat inoken u]) into inegnlar s])ines; pt)sierior
]i:irt of supiaoi'hital rim broUen up into sjdnes; top of head coven'd with
loose skin, and witli thick-set mucous tuhes; inteiorhital spiict> nnn'ow,
(diicave, \ diameter of eye; preopercle with 2 strong, shortish, diverging
spines above; lleshy slips above opercle, near upper posterior part of eye,
Mild at occiput; a Ion;;' tieshy slip on maxillary, ami 4 on lower Jaw; many
M iilcH on sides with small Haps; skin, where not scaly, thin and lax; dor-
s.il bami of scales with alxuit 7 rows at its wi<lest part, anteriorly much
wider than \\w space between it and the lat«-ral band; isthmuH rather
hroiid, the rnentbranes not forming a fohl across it; «Iorsal tins consid-
(•ral)ly oonnect«'<l, spines very low, the highest about if the height of the
soft rays; pc'ctorals broad, shortish, about reaching vent; distance fnmi
8piiu>us dorsal to snout greater than length of pectoral. Color Itrown,
mottled and (d»scurely barred, often tinge<l with r<'d ; top of head usually
with brick red; liiis all, «'xcept veutrals, nutttled with blackish and red-
(li>ii; skin Joining bones of Jaws unsjiotted; Ixdly whitish, immaculate.
Here described from a specinu-n from Monterey Hay, (Jaliforuia, U) inches
in length. Coast of (Uilifornia, in rather <lce)» Avater; not common; knuwu
only from ab«>ut Monterey and .San Francisco. {ajtinoHua, spiny.)

Ciihicilejndotuu tjnnotnt, AvnES, I'roc. Cal. Ai". Sci., I, 1855, 76, San Francisco.
//. inilepidotut sidiiosvs, GiBAun, Proc. Ac. Nat. Svi. Pliihi. 1856, 134; GinAiii), U. S. Pac. 11.
U. Sarv., X, Fish., 68, 1858; Jordan & (iiLUKiiT, Synopsia, 715.

727. ENOPHRYS, Swainson.

(STONK SCITLI'INS.)

Eiiiiiihnjs, Swainson, Class'n Fislics, n, 271, 183!) (clatnger).
Anpieottus, GniAKD, I'roc. Ac. Xat. Sci. Pliila. 1854, 130 (bison).
iJhijii-iicottvs, Aykks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1854, 12 (robustug).

ISody short and thick, depressed anteriorly. Head very large, mailed
iiliove with rugose, bony plates ; a series of larg<', rough, bony plates along
lateral line; no scales. Teeth in vil'liform bands in Jaws and on vomer,
iioiio on palatines; preopenle with strong, straight spines; 8ubor))ital
stay broad, (wtcrnally bony; gill meml>ranes Joined to the isthmus, not
forming a fold across it; a slit behind fourth gill. Dorsal fins separate,
tile anterior short, not notch«'d; anal short. Intestinal <^anal elongate.
Herbivorous, feeding chietly on algie. {Iv, on; O0pv5, eyebrow.)

AsPiroTTUS {a<rni%, shield; (Jottttlj :

II. Preopcrcidar spine about J head, reaching end of opercle or a little beyond; bony

])lateB of side witlioiit Iceel or spine. nisON, 2310.

Knoi'HUYS :

aa. Prcoperciihir spine very long, reaching middle of spinous dorsal; Itony plates of

sides eacii with u serrated kool or apine. clavioer, 2311.

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1938 Bulletin ^7, United States National Miisemn,

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life

Subgenus ASPICOTTUS, Gininl.
'iSlO. KNOIMIKYS lilSON (Oirnrd).

iriiul 2i ; depth 4. D. VIII, 11 ; A. 0; Literal plates 29; oyo 5 in head ;
maxillary 2i; pectoral 1*; ventral 2^^; <-au)Ial 2; Hiiout blunt; uiaxillm\
reachiu^ beyond pupil; external bones of head rough granular; interor
bital spaee elevated and eoneave, the orbital ridgo without spine; suli-
orldtal stay covering most of cheek ; a ridge extending backward froiu
each ttye, the two connected by a cross ridge at occiput; the ridges lar^jv
and rough, and the space between them concave; preopercle with 4 spines,
th<» uj>]»er very long, straight, ami rough, usually reaching jmst opercli ,
a little more than \ head; ojiercular ri«lge very broad; subopercle witli
2 div«'rging spin<!s; a single series of large, rough, granular plates alon^f
sides, from operchi to base of caudal, the plates without keel or spine ami
growing smaller behind ; spinous dorsal small, much lower than soft rayH;
anal short. Olivaceous above, variegated with blackish and n-ddisli,
y<'llowish below; lins olivaceous, mark(<d with black; ventrals juilc.
Length 12 inches. San Francisco to Sitka; very abundant, especially
about Puget Sound; a coarse spcicies, not used for food. Wh«!n distuvbcil
it extends its long preo])ercular spines, making the head flat and very
wide. Here described from a spei-imen, 4 inches in length, from Puget
Sound, Washington. {llUon, the American bulfalo, from its horns.)

Asjiicottut binon, GUiAun, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, lltO, Fort Steilacoom (Typo, Nm.
322, V. S. Nat. Mns. Coll. Dr. Suckloy) ; Fort Point (No. 323. Coll. Liontonant Tr<>«
bridge) ; San Francisco (No. 324. Coll. Dr. lleennaiiii) ; Tomales Bay (No. 325. ( 'nil.
E. Samuels.)

Olypeocottti* robimtiis, AviiKS, Proc. Cal. .Ac. Sci. 1854, 12, San Francisco.

Aspieottus himtn, (liiiAHD, U. S. Pnc. U. 11. Surv., x, FislieH, 06, 1858.

Jinophrys bison, Jukuan >S^ Gilhekt, Synopsis, 710, 1883.

H

A

Subgenus ENOPHRYS.
2311. KNOPIIKYS CLAVIOKIt (Ciivior & Valoncipnne.s).

D. VI-13; A. 11; V. I, 3. Top (tf head everywhere rongh; 2 stvoiiff
nasal spines; superciliary margins nmcli elevated, with a deep groove
between them; 4 preoix'rcular spines, the upper exceedingly long ami
strong, extending nenrly to the vertical from end of first dorsal, serrated
and coarsely toothed on its upper margin, but withcuit antler-like processes ;
"occiput with a very long cuneiform process on each side;" lateral line
with bony jdates, rougher than in Enophrya bison, each with a serrated
keel and .spine; skin subvillons above, with small rough warts; a series of
small cutaneous appendages abovt^ the anal; suborbital st.iy spinous;
vomerine te(>th present; isthmus broad; slit behind last gill large. D.irk
brown, with 3 or 4 vertical bands ; belly white. Length 2\ inches. Beriiiif
Se.a. Here described from the original type in the British Museum.

Dr. Gilbert mentions also: A single specimen, 52 mm. long, from Allm-
tross Station 3233, Bristol Bay, Alaska; depth 7J fathoms. The upi>cr
preopercular spine is long and very slender, extending to below middle

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Jordixn and F.vcnuann. — Fishes of North America. lO.'JO

nf .spinous tlnrsiil, hearing nniiill HerrntiotiH on iintorinr nud poHtorior ndj^os
ol' Ii:i8iil half, )>itt without larger teotli or lU'cosHory Hpinules. Art'a ubovo
lateral plates thickly beset with luinutu jiriekles; pimterior partof abdoni-
iiiiil region and the area above iinal tin niuiilarly besot with prickles wbieli
-carcoly projoet beyond tiie sinall tubercles in which thoy occur. A tew
hn'<;er postaxinl pri<'kleH and a sinall uunil)er of whit<^ lijanients scattered
filon^ middle of sides. Kilauittnts also at base of preopereular spine and
L' or ii at ti)) «)f maxillary. Dorsal VIII, 11; anal II ; lateral line :{>*>.

A specimen, 1.51 nun. lon<f, from .tlhiihoxM Station 'Mil'}, otf liobbcn Island,
ill 10 fathoms, is entiri'ly similar to the one rejxirtetl on by (Jilbert. It
iii;iy !»<' described as follows: I'lcorbital with 2 strong spinous piojeetions,
V liicli overhiji the]»remaxillar}' in closed mouth. Interorldtal space dec])ly
( lianneled, the orbital rim raised posteriorly into a blunt s|»inou8 t nbercle.
A snuill, sjdnous, occipital tubercle, behind which lises a hi;j;h, sharp
iiiirhal rid}j;e, whicfh is highest posteriorly and hiis its upper edge finely
It.othcd. Nocirri on topof head. Upper preopereular sjiine long, Him]de,
II aching beyond head t(» fourth or tifth plate of lateral line; below it !{
short, strong spines, the lowermost directed dowuwanl and forward;
(inter surface of the ujiper spine with 3 or t low, finely serrate<l ridges,
lis inm^ edge smooth, without accessory cusps or spinules; opercular
liilge high, seirate; two sharp spines on anterior angh' of subopercle; top
• iiid sides of head rough, with minute spincnis points; preo])ercle and
lower Jaw with numerous short lilaments, a longer one on end of nuixil-
laiy. IJody entirely cover<'d with niiniite ]»rickles, which invest also the
a lidorainal region ; tho.se above lateral line longest and most thickly ]daced;
lateral line, with a series of plates similar to those in E. bison, each sur-
iiiouuted by a sharp spine; Literal line with 2 curves, approaching back
most uearlyat en<l of spinous jind iit cud of soft dorsal; many conspicuous
white tilaments scattered over sides Itelow lateral line. Dorsals entirely
s( parate, the free interspace as Aviih' as pupil. Head 2J in length; depth
;!;. Eye larger than interorl»ital widtli, 4J in head. D. VIII-U; A. 12
(11 in previously noted specimen); 1'. Ki; lateral line with 3.5 pl.ates.
jiiisky above, with faint, darker cross bars; light below; two black
lilntches on cheek; sonu' faint dusky V-shaped prolongations of the col-
iiiition of the back down toward base of anal tin; tins indistinctly cu'oss-
liaiiilcd; a dark area at base of pectoral, a narrow obli<[iie dusky cross bar
"II base of caudal tin. (ilavis, kt^y; iicro, I Ix'ar. )

Caitvn elavigei; CTvier & VAr.ENCiKNNES, Hist. Nat. Poias., iv, 195, 1820, Kamchatka

((;oll. M. Collce) ; Gt'iN THEH, Cat., Il, 167.
Cnthi.<i('lq;ans, tJuAY, in CuviKU it Valknciexnes, niat. Xat. Poisa., iv, 195, 1829; siunc type.
rnuiihriis cliii'igcr, .Ioroan \- (iu.iiEUT, Synoiisis, 711, 188H: (in.iJEur, Kept. U. S. Fi.sli

Coiiim. 1893 (189Cj,426; JORDAN & UiLltKKT, Fi.slies Jleriug Sea, 1897.

728. CERATOCOTTUS, (till.

i^:

I n-alnenttm, C,\u., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sri. Pliila. 1859. 105 (dicemm).

This genus is very close to Enophrijs, from which it dilfers in havingtlie
Imig preopereular s]>iue armed above with recurve«l hooks or autlcr-liko
pioccsses, Bering Sea. («/:7jac, horn ; Coitus.)

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IWO nnlh'tin /7, United States National AfHseuni.

a. TrntiBVorso ocrlpital rltlgc' not, tlcvoloited ; Intnrorbltal grwjvo ilepp nnil narrow; pre

<>|M>rculiir Hpint'M hiiiiiII. i.ccami, '.i:irj

ua, TnuiMVfrHii occipititl riil;;« wjill (Irvcli)pod ; iiitcriirliitiil groove Irnn deep ikliil wiilci-

lircopiTciilar HpineM lari;t>r. dickuauh, 2:ii;i

•J:|I2. ('KUAT0(:<»TTI:S iiCC.VNI, Jonlun .V r.ilhpit, now HiH'OioH.

Head 2< ill length, iii«aHure<l to end of opeiciilar llap; depth II!,. 1>.
VU, i:{; A. 12; I'. 17 or 18. Kye i'i in head; maxillary 2A; iirropenulin
Hpint^l'A; pectoral tin li!. Maxillary reaching nearly to the vertical t'roin
poHtcrior margin of eye; villiform teeth on jawH and vomer, the outer
HericH in J.-iwh enlarged; no teeth on ]ialatineH; interorhital Hpace vei \
deeply <!hanneled, its IciiMt width ^! <liauieter of eye; upper edge of orhitnl
rim sharp and heset with a single series of small teeth; o(!cipnt iihru])tlv
depressed liehind the eyes to below the floor of interorhital space, as in ('.
(lieinins, nearly Hat both transversely and longitudinally, the occiput ridges
being very low, and the transverse ridge so conspicuous at back of occi])iit
in adult i'.dictvanH is here not developed; nuchal ridges high, elevated.
an<l compressed into a minutely serrated edge, a very small eusp-Iiko eie
viition at their base anteriorly; nasal and proorbital spines as in r.
dircntiiti; upper preopcrenlar spines slender and somewhat deeurved to
ward tips, minutely roughen«'d on the outer surface, and bearing on their
upper edge 'A retrorsely hooked spines, resembling the spines on a rosi
bush; below this 3 short, strong si)ines, the first immediately below tlio
uppi'r spine and diverging from it, the second directed nearly vertically
downward, the third downward and forward; 2 strong diverging spinrs
at anterior angle of suboperclo; opercular ridge elevated; all exposed
bones of head roughened with radiating series of lines which are beset
with minute prickles; lateral line with 36 bony plates decreasing in size
posteriorly, ea<;h plate bearing small slender spines, those on the middle
of plate longer than the others and directed backward. From fragments
of skin left on snout and side of head in 1 specimen, it is evident that
tliis species is colored much at* in C, dicirnua, the ground color light olive,
thickly covered with small dusky sjiots, around which the ground color
forms narrow reticulating lines. When taken the bones of the head were
a bright vitriol green. l$ering Sea; 2 specimens, 135 and 132 nun. lonu;
1 taken from the stomach of a cod, the other from a halibut, both of
which were captured near St. Paul Lsland. The skin is digested oft" from
both specimens, so that the color can not be determined, but they are
otherwise in good condition. Ditl'ering from C. diecraiis in the deeper nar
rower interorhital groove and the smaller size and different armature of
the preopercular spines. (Named f<u' Mr. Frederick Augustus Lucas,
Curator of Coujpiarative Anatomy in the U. S. National Museum and mem-
ber of the U. S. Fur Seal Conmiission in 1896 and 1897.

Ccrati)cottuslucasi,JoRVXti &, (Ulueht MS., Fishes IJoring Sea, 1896, 1897 MS., St. Paul
Island (Type, No. 48234 ; Cotype, No. 0661, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Jordan. )

2313. ("ERATOl'OTTUS DK'EBAIJS (PalLis).

D. VII, 14 ; A. 10 ; C. 12 ; P. 17 ; V. 1, 3. Form of Enoplm/a hison, the hc.nd
large, wider than deep or long; top of heail nearly as in Enopliryfi hiKon,
the ridges higher and very rough; orbital ridges elevated, ccuitiuued

J; ■; i

Jordan and livermann, — Fishes of North America, 1941

hafkwui'il toward the iiupe, thu nccipital ritl^eH Hliarp Itrhiiid; upper pr*--
.'pui'ciilur npiiie very lung, ruiigli, iiuiirly jj au long an htmil, with strong
lociirvcti hook.s or horrationH on the uppt?re<lge; lower pHMiporinhnspinoM
^t^ollg; oporcU) with a huigitndiiiiil rib au<l no dlHtim-t spino; hitural linu
with a row of rough bony Hnitelhi, «>ach witli a iiiiniite central spine;
sUin above more or h'HH viihuiH or prickly, ulH«)whoru sniootli. IsthnniH
witlc; a slit bohiml last gill; vomer with truth. IWTing Soa, ratlutr coui-
iiion from Alaska to Kanicliatka and Haghalin. I lore ilt-Hcribuil IVoni a
specimen in the liritiHh Museum, about (i inches h>iig.

Dr. (iriibert has thJH noto on several atlultu taken with seine at Ileron-
(Icen May, Alaska Peninsula:

There are (J or 7 strong barba inelinud forward on upper surface of pre-
(ipcrcular 8i)ine, which i8 very long, slender, .ind straight, reaching to below
middle of spinous dorsal. Filaments arranged as in l!tiopluiiH <lari{)rr,
liiit those on posterior part of body much mure numerous. Anal paiiilla
very liU'ge, 0.27 mm. in a specimen 195 nun. long. There seems to be no
|irickles on n>gion above lateral line, or on abdomen. 8tonuiehs tilled with
iiidlluscan shells, mainly limpets. I). VIII. 13 or II ; A. 10 to 12.

One specimen from K*d)ben Island, collected by Mr. Harrett-ilauiilton,
and 3 y<mng specimens from I'etropaulski, show the IVdlowing characters:
I'lio de])tli of the occipital depression, the height of the ditferent ridges
and sidnes, and the amount of the irregularity in the cnspH of the pre-
opercuiar spine is subject to great individual variation. We liud no
important ditVerences between this specimen and those from the Alaskan
Teiiinsnla reported on by Gilbert (Report ('ommissioner of Fish and Kisb-
crios, 1896, I2ti). The occipital dejtression is less and the cross ridge behind
it much lower in the adult from liobben Island, the occiput comparatively
liat ami without cross ridge in the young. We do not venture to base any
(lintinctions on these ditl'erences which may be due in part to age ami in
part to individual variation. (5/?, two; xepaoi, horned.)

Cctluv diceraus, Pallas, Nov. Act. Petroiiol. 1783, 354, i>l. 10, tig. 7, Petropaulski, Kam-
chatka (('oil. Stollfl); CUVlEll Jt "VALENCIEN.VKS, Hist. Kilt. I'oisM., IV, 18U, 181!9;
Gi'NTUEK, Cut., U, 189.

.Sliimitceia cefvut, TlLESlUS, Mciu. Ac.Pertorsb., ni, 1811, 278, pi. 13, Petropaulski. (Coll.

.StuUer.)
t'iitlus»telleri, Dloch & Sphnbider, Syat. lelitli., 03, 1801 ; after Steixku.
(\iatncoUu»dict'rau», Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliihi. 1850, Itif), and 1H«1, l(i7.
Enophnji diceravs. .foRUAN &. Gilueut, Syuopais, 711, 1883; Gilueut, licpt. U. S. Fish

Comm. 1893 (1896), 426.

729. COTTUS (Artedi) Linnaus.
(MILLKU'S THUMU.S.)

■s

coitnt, Aktbdi, Genera Plscium, 49, 1738.

' 'itttm, LiNN.EUS, Sy.'jt. Nat., X, 264, 1758 (gohio *).

I'l'iedictis, KafinesqUK, Iclith. OLienais, 85, 1820 (ietalops).

' Gottut gobio, the common Miller's Thumb of Europe, belong.s to the same group "t*
('(ittun polhcarit, philonipx, etc., having no palatine teeth, the skin smooth, ant! tlie ventral
lavs 1,4. The rays are D. VI to VIII, 16 or 17; \. 12. The name VoltH» is restricted to
tills type by Ciivior \ Valenciennes, who remark, " Ce genre (Cottui) avait pour type
primitive, uii petit acauthopterygien de nos rivierea il tete largo," etc.

i

'I

.1

ii 'I

r

k

:;1

,1.
it'

m^

l!)t2

DiiUctin 4j, (^nitcd Sta/i's /National .l/nst'/uu.

Coflopitii, OiKARn, I'ron. HoNt. Soc. Niit. Hint., in, I860, ;iO;i (rt/<j<.r).
t'liliiiiiiHolIu; iilli. Plot'. Html. Sot. Nut. llJHt., VIII, IHOI, 10 {)itniitulatuii).
Taiiridea, Joudan a Hkk, Man. Vurt. K. U. 8., Kil, 2, 2r>0, I87H (cicWi.

FruHk \viiti>i'Hcnl|iiim. Hmly fiiHiforni. iltiiid I'tx'lily iiriimd; Hkiii hiiiooUi
or iiiortt oi- loNH vt^lvttty, itH prickliH, if pirHriit, not bony or hiiiIo liki ;
villitoriii tortli on juwH tiiul vouu'r, ami HoinotiiiioH on puliitiiirH. (iili
opoiiiii^H H()p)iriit<'<l l>y a wi«lr iHthniiiH, ovur which the Muiiiilniintm ihi nut
form a I'old; mt Hlit hrhiiitl fourth ^ill. Mrumhiosttt^ulH l>. DormilH iwarly
or ijiiito Hopai'utts the lirHt ol' *> to !) Hhtudur Hpiiit'M; vcntrulH luoildiah ,
uiicli with a Hliort roncealed Hpiiio ami I Hoft rayN. Latnal liiiu pn.sfiii,
iiHiially moi'f or Uih» cliaiii-Iiko, Honi«*tiiiit>H incomphtto. l'ri-op«T<-le willi ,,
Hiiiiplo Hpiiiu at itH tiii};lu which ih iiHiially ciirvud upward, itH huHo inini'
«)r hiHH coverod by Hkin, very randy ohHolrto; iiHiially 'J or It .spinoH tiiiiiiil
downward bulow tliis; Hiibop«)rch) iiHiially with a concuvu spiuu tiiriittl
d(»wnward. Vcrtolmi- iO-t--I{ - I'li; pylorii; ca-ca al)oiit 4. FishcM of hiii;i1I
Hi/o. inhabiting cJcar watuiH in the northern partH of Kiirope, Asia, and
Ainurica. The HpiMieH are extremely mimeroiiH, ami are very dilhciilt in
diHtiniriitHh, all being very Himihir in form, coh)ration, and habitH. Ii \n
])robable that these are deHcended from Home AHiatic niariue type, ;in
TrurhulennuK {Hentriderinirlitlijis} rather than from MjioxoivphnlnH, In tliJH
caHe CotlUH asjur would approach more nearly to the ancestral form. I'roin
it are dcHcended Coitii» urmlHotihrr and Coltitti iiialojm, with their miiltiliidc
of variations. Coftiis tjohio, ali'iliruM, pliilonipH, and iiollii:arin indicate tlii'
puHsible descent of Uiunidra. i like manner TihiU>it»ls seems to bo (je
sceuded throuyh Ow coco/(«« from Myojuceitlialua. The Miller' s Thumb, ni
Blob, is found in most streams and lakes where trout oc(;ur, and it i.s (nic
of the most destructive enemies of the trout, devouring its eggs in giiMi
numbers. (CoHuh ; hotto?, an old name of the European ililler's Tliumlp,
CotluH (fuhio, Linna'us, from Horra head.)

a, PaliUiut) Ihhh's each with a Imiiit of teeth (tliuMu rarely few in uuniber or wlmlly
abHuul).

rEOKDIcriS (7rr/Y>), fOHIltaiu ; ixAu*! tlsh) :

b. ri'uoporcuhvr ni)iiit< short, hookt'il ujjwaril, ixirtially or wholly coiipoah'il liy
Hkin; 2 or 11 smaller Hpiiies (1ire(;ti>il downward hidow it.
e. Anal rays l.T to 20; hack and sidea Hiuooth or variously prickly.
U. liody ruhiist: head roiiudt^d aiit^'riorly.

e. Vout midway between base of caudal and tip of snout.

Asi'KH, 2;;ii.
ee. Yent nearer base uf caudal than tip of snout.

OULOSL'f, -:iir).
dd. Bwly long and slender; head narrowing rapidly forward, the •^iiniit
»cu1-(dy rounded. kvkrman.m, ■-'iMi,

oc. Anal r.ays 11 to 15.

/. Head narrowt'd anteriorly, the snout long; lateral line oomiiliii-;
bock and sides cuaraely prickly, sometimes smooth.

KHOTHEDS, Jil".

//. Head more or less bluut and rounded in outline anteriorly; the

snout short.

g. Anal rays 13 to 15, usually 15; caudal jteduucle stout: -Kin

SUlOOtll. SHASTA, :!ol<i.

L.1.7!

JonUin and Evctmann. — Fishes of North Amcriux, HH.'J

er or « Imllv

joiiccalt'd lpy

ASl'KH.liill.

(/>/. A mil I'ii.vri It In i:i, iiiiiiully i:i.

h. ChiiiIiiI iiimIiiiii Ik vi>|',\ mIi-iiiIiti IIh IoiihI ilrptli iinl luilrli
Ki'i'Htir lliiiii illiiiiii'h'i'iiri'M' , l>o(|> mill liciirl iiiul'iiMtilv
H|l«i'klrll. I'l'NCIII.AI I'M. 'l'.\\\\.

hh. Callllul |KMlllllclr lll't'l), ilM ll'tlHt (It'plll ('<|IIU| to lt>ll({tll of

Miiiiiit; buck ami Hitlt'N Icnh tllHtiiirtl.v N|ii-<'kl<'il.
i. llt'iiil liliinl, liiw, rtiiiiiilcil iiiili'i'|iiil\ ; liiitly with
viiuiii' (liiiU I'liiiiiU or N|H'rks, not very (li«lini'tl.s

llltl'l'ril ; xklll NIMiMitli or \iiliiillHly |il'it'kl.\ . Hiiliii--
liiiK'H vt'l'y loiiuli, Niiiiii'tiniuH |itii I'l'itiy hiikhiIIi.

HKMIH<'AMI':U, '.'II'^O.

I'l'. Ili'iiil U>MM i'()iin<l)'il, will) a iiit'<liaiMli<|ii't<MHlt)M ; lioily
ii^iiully Willi lii'iiail. iil>lii|iii', ilark liarM ; axil
lIHiiully Willi HiMiio lliii' prlcklrn, tlic but k hihihiIIi.

Ici'Al.oi'N, 2321.
TArinDKA (raiipa, I'OW ; elXof, a|i|i<'arailfO) :
bb. rn'opt'i'ciiiar Hpliic vrry lai'Kn, aH lar^o iih t<y)<, ami Hpirally liiiokeil; back witli
HtilllHli pi'icklcH.
j. Diirmil VIII, IT ; anal 1'.'; hoail xciy Itriiail ami llal , boUy olivHtaMdis, lliicly
Hpccklcil and iiicitlutl. HIOKI, 23'J2.

( iiTTru;
(III, I'alaliiio tcKtIi wAutinK (rarely a I'cw tlcvi'lopeil in nialcH).

A', rrcopcrcli^ with a Npiim at its aiiulc, below wiilrli arc '.' iithora ilirucluil
downwartl.
{. Hack iiiul aiilcH inoro or Iumh jirickly ; (liir.MalH ciuiiicolcii ; lateral line com-
plotei iiruuport-le with a loiiK claw-liku Hpiuc; ibirHal VIII, 17; anal 13.

oNYcuoa, 2;i23.
U. iinck ami aiiloH Rtuooth or prickly behind axil only.

III. I'l'uoperciilar apiiie Ion;;, curved upward in a Hpiral; dornal tlim low,
coiiiiucUmI: doraaln VIl-IU; anal 13. I'ui,i,I('AI{|.s, 2:I2'(.

mm. Preojiorciilar wpiiie curved upward; pectoral as Ion;; aa head; dor-
h;i1 VIII, 18; anal 14. (OON.vrfu. 2;i2.'>.

minm. I'reoporciilar spino very short, hooked upward; dorHalH well
coiiuccted, the Hpimm low, tlie woft rayn hl;;h; lateral lino
incomplete. Lower iireopcrcular apiues well developed ; 1).
VII, 21; A. 15. 1"KIUM.EXUS, 232(1.

kk. Preopercle with a aiiigle Hhort npino at ita tip only, and no distinct sjtiuea
bohiw it, the lower apinea reduced to angh^a of the bone,
rt. rosUjrior nimlrila in abort, but.conaiiicuous tulttia; * doraala couneetud;
akin ainooth or nearly ao; duraal Vll lu X, 18 or lU; anal 13 or 14.
0. Lateral lino very iucoinplete. Ki.AMA'riiKNHi», 2327.

00. Lateral line complete or nearly .iu.

ji, Uoraal spinoM IX or .\. ALEUT1CU8, 2328.

pj). Doraal apinea VII. minutus, 2320.

nil. Poaterior noatrila without tubes; skin nearly amooth; D, Vll or VIII.
16 to 18; anal 12 to 14.
<]. Head moderate, 3^ to 4 in lon;;;th.

r. Mouth rather larKo, the maxillary 2§ in head, ronchiu^ to

opposite middle of eye.

«. Depth 4^ to 5 in lon^'th. iikluinoii, 2330.

M. Depth 6 in lenKth. I'Hiixjnips, 2331.

rr. Mouth \ery small, the maxillary 3§ in head, reaching front

of pupil. ANNiK, 2332.

qq. Ilcad larger, 3J in length; dejitli 5; body much spotted.

8PI LOTOS, 2333.

<l

' I

'il '

* Not described in Cotlun iiiinutuii.

M.';'

r

1011 Ihilh tin ./7. I 'nitt'd Shtcs Kalional AfHSiinn,

kkk. I'n'opi'ri'lit without M|iini>, Km imIu<< covorcft liy Miiinotli <iV\u. u Iriirc ul' tlir

lipprr N|lllll' l'lllrl\ prt'MI<nt ; Hklll Mllliilltll.

/. DcirNiiln Hi>|iiir'iitii. t.rioi'OMi'N, '.'.'l.'ir

((. UurNiilit I'liiini'i'tftl, lung iitiil lnw, u hIihUiiw nntfli Ixttwixn rt|iliH>iiH hmI

•olt piirtM. i-uiN< Ki'H, 'j;i:io.

■ubKenui PEOEDICTIS, ltiilliiiiHi|Ui'.
VttH. rOTTUN \HVY.\U nil liariUuti.

t

rr

u

it ■

m

;1f
-I

: it
■;-'f
'if

i^

m

(ritK'KI.V lit'l.t.llKAIi.)

Iloiul 3H"3' ; •••M>tl' •*• l>. IX or X.l!»t(»lil; A. 17 or IW. rarnly ir> or Id;
oyu 5 ill Iii'ikI ; iiiiixilliiry 2(| ; i>«H!toriil \^\ ventral 2; ciiikIiiI 1'|. Itmly
<l«M«|ieHt ut slioiildurH; niiitlitl |m-(Iiiii(;1m inodoriitt'ly hI«mi<Iim', its ilcptli ii

littl«^ loNN tiiail iDIIKth of HllOllt. lllMUl WI)<l)jr(t-Hllil|MMl HH vir\V<'(| IhiIii

aliovf; iiioiitit i|itiUnit lower ]iroll!<> ol'lieail; iiiaxillary to Itolow poHtrrinr
iiiJirKiiiot'piiitil; palatine t*-<>th in u vi^ry narrow liaii)! on front of paint int'H
only; proopttrciilur Npine long and nlnirp; interorldtal rather wide, aliout
eijiial to y*'rli*-al diameter of eye; ftectoral l>ar<dy reiM'hin^ front of anul;
ventrulH not roacliiuK vent; dorsals sli){litly connected nt biiHo. I'rickli.s
coarHe and HtilV, not cloHidy rrowdt'd ; lateial line eonipletc; vent in lii(>
middle of the body in tlir lar^e majority of HpecinnMis, HiMuetimos Hli;>liily
nearly tail, (/olor grayish olive, miu'li spotted and mottletl with lda('ki^ll;
all IliiH, except anal and ventralH, with dark wavy ciohs Hiich. The cout scr
prickleH, more anterior position of vent, and flatter interorhital Hpini'
HVi\n\rnivi CoHitM anper, at least HiihHpecilically, from the Sacramento IiImi
form, Cottiia iihIohiih. Streams of the (Jaacade K'ange from \'ancoiivcr IhIhiii!
to ()re>;oii, abundant in cold streams; extremely variable, almost evny
variation in the ron^hnesH of the skin bcin^ found. Len;L>th a foot; tli<>
iar^^est specieu of Cotlna. Here described from u specimen iVom Walla
Wallu.

Dr. Oilliert notes:

Five specimens taken in a small stream emptying into IV]>artnie Hay,
Vancouver Island. The head is naked in all of these, and the prickles
absent on Itelly, alon^^ Ikihcs of npinons dorsal ami anal tin, and on cinKlal
peduncle. 1). VIII or IX, 21 or 22; A. Iti to IS.

Still other s])ecimont) from Vancouver Island and about I'ort Townseiul
have a baud of Huiall ]irickles extendin;; alon^ lateral line to middh- of
aecond dorsal, (aapcr, rotiRh.)

Cottim atper, lilCHAiinsoN, Fauna ni>r.-Aiiier., Fish., 2!)5, 1830, Columbia River at Kort

Vancouver, (('oil. Or. (iainhicr.)
TiaehidirtiiU richardaoiii, Ueckel, Ann. Wioiier Mas. 1840, 102, Columbia River; altn-

UlCIIAUDSdN.

Centridennichthy* asper, KiCHARDsoN, Voyage Siilpliur, Iciith., 74, 1845; GUntheh, (';it„

II, 170.
Oottni>n$ atjter. (liBARn, V. S. Vac. R. R. Surv., X, Fish., ."jl, 1858.
Uranidca aitiera, JoRt>AN &. UiLiteRT, .Synopsis, 094, 1883.

2815. COTTIS (JILOSUK (Giranl).

Head 3 ; depth 4^ ; D. VIII or IX, l!t to 21 ; A. 16 to 18 ; eye .5 to 6 in head :
maxillary 2i; pectoral 1^; caudal IJ. Uody not much compressed, the

Jordan and Evirmann. — J'islus of North Annriai, 10 15

I'liitiliil |iuiliin«l«) uliont iiH witio ii>< Icn^ili ul Niioiit, lioml ItrotHll.N roiiiitlotl
il snout im viowuil fruiii iihuvt<; iiinnth lur^o, tlio iiiiixilliiry niui-liUi^ to
llin poNtt^rior iiiar^iii <il |Hi|iiI; IihihIs nf |>;iliitiii<< tcotli \ ai'i.ililu in H|Mt(i>
III! iiH Irom (litlt'iuiit Ir.iilitios, viii-yin^ t'lotii ii iniMlnikt«» liamt to a wiilo oii«t;
iiiiororbitui otpial to whltli of oyo; prttopm-iilar Hpinu nitber Hlmrp uixl
Itinu', rtM'toralH i'«)a<'liiiiK to IVotit ot' aniti ; veniralH not riMii'lihi^ to vtMil ;
iliiisalH Hli^litly coniMicttMl at lianf. Skin prickly or nioro oi- Iuhh Hinootli,
tin prickl«*H, wImmi <l(>vnl<»pr<l, Hniall, tTowiiiMl, anil llcxililo. N'ltnt iioaicr
ItM^o ot' caiulal than lip ut' Nuuiit. Color Kra,\iNli olivi>, niottl«>tl witli
il;iikor; vontriilK li^'lit, iinal UkIiI "T HJiyhtly <liiMky; otlitu' tins croMstMl
with wuvy liiH'H ot' liv;lit und dark. Stroains of the (oaHt Itan^t^ in
Ciilit'orniu noiitb to Point Concopcion, vory <'oniniuu; tho luick und HidfH
usually cloHcly prirkly (iiarrim), iiiit tln> skin ol"t«Mi wholly or partly smooth
((/ii/iwhk), th«(Min«ioth HpocininnH iLsrally with axillary priikh-M; tli« pri«kly
I'm III inorr coniiMon coiiHtwiHo, the other purbaps niort* abundant in Htrt-uniH
(if tint interior, the two not tUstiu^iiiMhahlo liy any iirrnianent character.
Ill re <lur4(TilKMl front specinionH from San Fran<'iNi|nito Cietdi, Santa Cluru
CiiiMity, California, :t to 7 inclioH in lougth. [fiidoinn, bi^ nioiith(>d.)

Ci.ilniiHii ijiilosuK, (tiKAiiK, I'ror. Ac, Xiit. Sci. I'liilii. 1X54, I'.MI, San Mateo Creek * (Coll. U,
I). C'litlH. Type, No. 20(1, I'. S. Niif. Mils.) ; San Joaquin Kivev (('nil. Hr. lltTiiniun,
No. 'J1lI,H|iu('iiiu'iiH prickly in iixIIm only); (iiiiAUU, I'. S. Tut'. U. U. Siirv., n, I''is|i.,ri3,

IH.W.
I'nttni'sU iinnuin. (iuiAUD, I'roc. \i\ N'ul. Scl. IMiilii. IH-^l, 54, Monterey, Presidio, Fort

Reading, Petaluma; prickly Hpcciiiiuns.
Callus SI' III i seal) nt ceiitriijdii'ra. Kiuknmann A. Khiknmann, West Ann-r. Siicntlat, Vol.

VI, No. 41), Novomlior, 18Hi», 140, AUtn Springs, Lake Co., Cal. (Cull. J). Cluvcliiiub ;

s|i<M'iiiion8 with Hides prickly.
VniiriileniiiclilliiiM iiiiltitui, UDmiiKn, (.'ut., ii, 170.
L'laiiidfauuluM, JouuAN ic UlLUiiur, .Syiioiisin, 005, 1883.

8810. COTTl'S KVKKM.V>>I, HillK-rt.

Mead :V' ill lenj^th; depth 5; depth -(f caudal peduncle 2J In greatcHt
ilrplli. r>. VII, 21; A. IS; IMtJ; V. I, I. ireadHinall, depressed, narrow iuij;
rii|iiilly forward, the snout more acutely rounded than in ('. pHnrlulatiin.
Month with distinct lateral eh'ft, the maxillary reaehiii;^; a vertical
iiiiniediately in advance of pupil, 2)f in head. Mandible Hli;ilitly ])rM-
tniding. Teeth in narrow bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines, the
liillir v<!ry weak, app.'ir iitly concealed in part lieneath th(> skin. Total
iiitiKubital width abtuit ij diameter <»f eye, hhallowly concave; occipital
;iri M tiat or ^fcntly convex. Kye small, l,"; in snout, ."> in head. I'ores on
lii-.id unusually large, the most couHpicuouH occurring on Hiiborbital ring,
iiloii;; mandible and preop«'rch', and in a horizontal line above optn-cle;
1{ poioH form a straight fransverso lino behind the orbit; a short nasal
tiilii'; upper preopercular spine represented by a short triangular process,
till' margin of the bono below it being smoothly rounded. Spinous dorsal
sliDit und comparatively very high, the longest spine slightly more than

riiuyounj; iiiiliviilual from rpjmr Pitt Rivor (Coil. Dr. J. S. Newberry), mentioned by
1>|'. fiiriinl, |)roliitbly belongs to (JoUu* thasta.

3030 45

1040 BuUefhi fy, United S/afrs Nafional ]\Tuscum.

't..

\ tin' l(ni>i«'Ht soft lity; lust Hpiim liijjlicr tliaii tlir fiiHt iiii«l iiltoiit /, tlic
loiifjcst, tli<^ least licijfht of the mfinlinm»< joining last spino to fiisl suit
ray cxci'cdinK Icn-;!!! of snout; loiiK«'st my of soft dorsal slifihtly nich
tliiui \ head; all tlio rays of dorsal and anal fins siinpl(\ nnliranclud;
••aiidal lonfi; and narrow, iiearly trninatr wln-ii spread, If lengMi of IichI;
!t caudal rays an' branil.'d at tip for altont \ length of rays. The jm M|(ir;i|
reaches the vertical from fourth ray of soft dorsal, the upper ray sini|il( ,
the next (5 or 7 f<»rked, the reniaining rays lieing thi<"l<eiied with intisnl
mcmli'anes; vcntrals with 1 sjiine and 4 rays, uot reaching vent, IJin liciid.
Lateral line conspiciions anteriorly, running high, interrupted nude i
eleventh or tw(dftli ray of s<tft dorsal, a mere trace visible tlionce to Imsc
<»f caudal. Sidt-s of liody thickly covered with coarse jnickh's, th«' liend,
the breast, belly, and a narrow strip along base of anal tin naked. (Ntjdr
light brownish, faintly verniiculated with darker, with traeosof 5 irrcj;ii.
lar cross burs from back, and ft narrow distinct bar at base of caudal ;
pectorals, dorsal, and caudal cross-barrtMl. Characterized by tlu! {(ju;;
slender bodj' entirely covered with coarse prickles, the short spiudiis
<lorsal very itroadly united to the very long soft dorsal, thi' long anal tin,
\\w iniomplete lateral line, the very large p<i.res on head, the brancin d
pect(U'al rays, an«'. the absence of any distinctly projecting preopercnlin
spiiie. One spet imen, 2^ inches huig, from Lost Rivor, near Klanialh
J-'alls Oregon. (Nauu'd for Barton Warien Everm.'inn.)

Voliui frennauni, (Iilhert, Jiiill. V. S. Fisli (> iiini. 1897, 11, with figure, Lost River.
L>,stine, Oregon. (Type, No. 48228. Coll. Oilliert, Cramer, and Otaki.)

2317. tOTTIS RHOTIIKUS, Rosa Smith.

Head2f;; depth 4,*. D. VII or VIII-16 or 17; A. 11 or 12; lateral liiK
32 to 31; eye .">i in head; maxillary 2^; pectoral 1^; caudal 1(;. liody
rather deep at shoulders, tapering into a slender caudal peduncle; lic.id
pointed, somewhat wedge-shaped; mouth large. Horizontal, at lower ]no-
lile of head; maxillary reaching to posterior nuirgin of pupil; palatine
band of teeth very broad and long; iuterorbital concave, about as wide
as eye, preopercle sjtine sharp, with 2 smaller ones below it. Pectorals
r';aching to front of anal; ventials not i caching vent; dorsals scarcely
connected; lateral lint^omplete. Skin of head smooth, that of back ;iim1
sides usually rough, with short coarse prickles, shorter and stitfer tlinii in
CotlKx anper, Color dark gray, spotted and mottled with bhukish: all
tins, excejtt ventrals, mottled with blackish; beJly white in the smaller
specimens, dusky, with small black points, in the larger ones. Columiiia
River Ba-nn, generally common; a well marked species. Here descriliod
from specimens from Hangman Creek, Tekoa, Washington, from 3 to 4
inches in length.

Concerning this species Gilbert ifc Evermann remark: "This stroni^ly
marked species is abundant in the Spokane region, and was taken at the
following stations : Little .Spokane River at Dart's Mill near Spokane, and
at Chattaroy, Washington; Columbia River at Colville, Washington;
Camr d'Aleue Lii^.o near Cceur d'Aleue, Idaho; Clearwater River mar

Jordan and Ever mann, — Fishes of North America. 1047

i^opt'i'i'iPMr

l-ewiston, Malio; Walla Walla River at Wa!liila, On-jjon; Hangman
( rit'k lit 'I'ekiia, WaHliiii<;toii ; Natclioss I'iver iit North Vakiiiui, WaHliiii;^-
toii; Newaiikum liiver near ('hehalifl, Wasliini^tou ; Suoiiualmlo River at
Mm(|iialiiiio Falls, Wasliiii^fton."

The .salient ft'aturi'H of tluH sj»e<ie8 are: (1) the pointod, wedj^e-Hliajied
|ii(ilile of head, as viewtsd from above, this coutrastiug stron>;:ly with the
iiMially hroadly roiuidtMl contour of other species; (2) the wide Lori/ontal
iiiouth, (|nitf at lower ])roliIe of head; (li) the uotirealdy eoticave iiiter-
oiliital and occipital re.nioiiH; (I) tlm very 1 road and long palatine band
of teeth; (5) the rather slender body and the extremely slender caudal
|)(<luuele, the latter expanding;' fan-like at hasf of caudal iin; (•!) the
(Inisals usually separate; when uniteil, at cxtrenui liasc only; (7) lateral
line com])letc; (S) sides usually well invested with prickles, which are
ti i:Mi;^iilar and coarse, and less closely plactul than in ttsprr. Tlu^y are
,in.iuj;ed more or less deliuitcly in oblique series. 'I'htMt! is considerable
viiiiaLion in the complet^'iiess ( ( i^he investment, and in one specimen from
( lu'lialis an axillary patch only is i)resent.

i'he specimens from Cliattaroy and from Snoi|Ualmic Falls are referred
to this species with donl)t as to tlieir iilentity. The following table will
irjvean idea of the amount of variation in nuudier of lia rays found in
til is species:

Lost River,

Lociility.

Little SpoliaiK! Iliver.

XatclK^ss Kiver

Nt'waukiuii wiver

Walla Walla Kiver...

Colville River

Telsoa

Cd'tu- (I'Alciie

licwistoii

Spiiiims 1).
VII.' VIII.

4 G

•> I

li
5

4 '

I i

Son

tD.

Anal

l'c<

tdial.

T.aund

10

17

U

12

111

ir.

ir>

line.

6

:i

6

;!i;i..;i4

9

.... 1

t)

3iii(.;i;i

1

1 ....

1 2
1

*)

1

'^

1

1

i

5

1!

1 4

:! 1"

1

1

1

t

[I'jo'Jo';, /JoO/rts, rushing of the torrent.)

CtitliLs ihotheiu,llns\ Smith (Mrs. Eioenmann), I'roc. I'.S. Nat. Miia. 18.S'.'. 347, Spokane

Falls, Washington. (Type, Xo. liOTC? )
I'ranidea rhothea, Joiwxs &. (Iiluert, Syuop^id, 953, 1883.

2318. COTTUS SHASTA. .I.inlan \- Starks.

Heads to 3i; depth U. D. VIII or IX, 17 or 18; A. 13 to 15; eye nearly
") ill head; maxillary 2! ; third or fourth dorsal spine 3'5 ; highest soft ray
ii lont 2; pectoral IfV; caudal H. iiody not much comitressed; caudal
!>( ijiincie rather wide, about equal to snout; mouth rather large, the max-
illary reaching to posterior margin of pupil; teeth in a moderate batid on
jnws and vomer, in an exceedingly narrow band on front of palatines;
iutcrorbital space not much over -i eye ; upper preopcrcular spine short,

!W Pj 1. ^panuv iifft>'.\ II KipiiJuuiMitijw^iimiff w

V>-\:

r f^

iVi

1918 BiiUitut ij. United States National Museum.

8

iiof linirli ?io<>l<('(1 up iiiul nof vcryHUarp, ii stiallow conciivi' h));i('o Ix'twti w
it, ,iinl tin- fl<{,'(/ud, ,-^f'flr<'<'ly 11 notch; tlu' Nocoud snuiU jiikI sliarp, the tliinl
l)iit Hliglitly ilovolopcfl ; prctorwl rcjiching to bchtw \\w, fourtli ray of son
(lorsiil; vi'iitr.ii not r<achia^ the vtiit; dorsalu scarcely Cdiincctcd, tin
Hoft «li)i-8al lii'ih, Mir lii^tM-«t rays f(|ual to <y< iiail suoiit; vnit Hliglill\
iicaii I tail than tijt of snout. Skin Hiiiootli, except a few scatlereil jdickl. s
under pectorals. Color very »lark lnowii or blackish ; sides inottle<l ; top
of head uniform Maekish : all the tins more oi less mottled, ventrals wiiii.
or dusky. The followinj; is the tin fonnnla ol I specimens: Dorsal, ].\, 17;
\ I/I, 18; IX. 17; IX, 18. Anul, 14; 1,5; 15; \\\. rpjxr Sacramento lia mi,
about Mount Shasta. Here described from t sjxciuiens from MeCluiil
b'iver, at ird, Shasta (Jounry, California, abotit I uicheH in length, 'flu
species ih , ry close to Cultiis siinifcnhcr, but it has a ioii/^er anal, which in
turn is shorter than in CoIIiih (/ulomis. (NanuMJ for .Mount Kliasta.)

Ciitliis .siiii.stii. .ioHDAN \ STAliKs, I'ror. ('ill. .Vc.Sci. IHlKi, 'J'.'l. McCloud River, at Baird,
California. (Coll. K. C. Stark.s. 'r.vpc, No. 4100, L. S. Jr. Univ. Miia.)

281». tOTTI'S IMXTILATIS ((illl).

Head;}, dopllil'l. 1). VII m \ 111. 17 oi 18; A. 11 or 12; eye (i in licid:
maxillary lij ; third dor.sal s])ine 3; hif-hest ray of soft dorsal U^ ; liiff|ii>l
anal ray 2i ; i)eetorall|; ventral I'/: eainlal l'^ Body tajierinji; inid ;i
slender caudal peduncle Avliieli is not mueji wider than eye ; teeth in w idr
bands on .jaws, Atimers, and j>:ilatines; interorbital space rather wiili,
about e;juaj to eye; maxillarj' reaehiny to posterior marjiin of eye ; |i:i
»>percular spine ratlu'r sharp; \ cut slij,''litly nearer tail than tipof snuui.
Pectoral reaching to below base of fouitli ray of soft dorsal; ventrals not
rcaehiug vent ; dorsals scarcelj' eonneetetl, the soft dorsal extending f;ii-
ther back tiian anal; skin In these specimens entirely smooth. Color uli-
vaceoMs, e\erywhere punetulat(^ with black sjxits, nuue ciMis])icuoiis mi
lop of Ik ad; tij) of snout and lower Jaw dark, dusky ■with djirk pnini^
under lo\\-er Jaw ; dorsals, iteetor.als, and caud.al with wavy streaks ;iii(|
series of spots; anal an<l ventrals white, anal sonieliines dusky; 1 m ,"i
dark blotches on back indicating cross bars; ;i dark bar at base of i undid.
Length 4 or ,'i inclu-s. Hcitdw.iters of (Jreen Kiver, Wvoming. Iliic
des<iibed fr(MU many s])ecimens from (Jreen b'iver, AVyondng, collecled li\
E\ermann &. Kutter. This species will prove to be a local or desert \,iii
ation of the widely distributed CottuH scmiscaher, i'unw which it dilii i-
(Uily in tlu^ slender ciiudal ]>edun(de and the sjx'ckled coloration. 'I'ln
name ixdictnlalus has 2)ri(irity over 8cmifii'a))ir, if the foinis are to b<' iiiiili li,
but in this case it would hardly be worth while to separalo t'}tjjer li in
Cotius i(tahi>H.

(iilb<'rt A: Evermann refer to the 8])ecimeus here described at —
Numerous sjuicimens from Crcen River, Wyoming. Compai'ig tlnsr
with typical ncmlicdhcr from the vicinity of Pocatello, Idaho, we aii aiipio-
ciatc no ditl'ercnce whatever, except iu the matter of armature. Nom nf
our (irocii Iviver specimens shows any prickles whatever. About hall llii'
I'ocatollo specimens are also naked and are indistinguishable from typiriil

Jordan and ICvcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1041)

liiiniiiilatiiH; ill tlir others radrn or Iosh pricklns are dovolopcd, varyinjjj from
:i I'fW in iixil of pcctoriilH to a buiul covoriii^ more tliiiii I of tlio sides.
As tills is not an nnusiuil unionut of variiition, w») do not consider ('otIiiH
M, mitiraher woiti.y of r('co;;nition. 'i'lio relations of I'ottiia pmirtulalita with
t!i(! eastern spia-ies liave not been oarcfnlly worked out, and it seeins best
t(i recof^nize it for the i)reH»Mit as distinct. Siiccinions from ({rcon l»iv»>r,
W yoniinjf, and from Mink ("rock, lioss Fork, and Port Nonf h'ivcr, I'oca-
t< llo, Idaho. The collection contains also 2 s|>ccimens from Thoin|)son
l.ills and '.\ from Flathead F^ake, wliidi hovui to be this species. l>y the
I'.iit Hall Indians this lish is called uliire, a word meaning horns.

, pitni'liilalua, speckled.)

f tiimocolfun vinictiilatiiK, ( iH.i., Proc. I?os, Soc. Nut. Hist. ISOl, 40, Bridgers Pass, Wyo-
ming (('(il . I 'iipl. Sjiii|isiiti| ; (iir.L, I I'll! h. (;a|it. Siiii|)Hoii E.\|il., 4()'J, IHTti. with pluto.
(■■ttu» intnc.luliitiis. (Iii.iii'itr \ i'lviaiAlANN, liiill. I'. S. Fisli ('((iiiiii. ISOi, JO".'.
I lanidea pnitctuiattt, Juuuan \ (JiLuiiur, Syiioiisis, OUT, lH8;i.

2820. COTTIM NKniS( AltKU (Coim).
(RnnK'- MoiNTAi.v liii.i.rrioAD.)

Head ,1; depth li; I). VIII-17 or 18; A. 12 or I'i; eye F) in head; maxil-
liiiy 2| ; third dorsal s|'iiic I in head; liijiliest dorsal rays 2*; pectoral Ij;
\(iitral nearly 2; caudal l-f. Mody not niucli compressed, caudal jtednnde
w ide, <)(|ual to length of snout; head Itroad and rounded anteriorly as
\ icwed from above; mouth larjje, the maxillary reaching about to |»oste-
liui' nuUHin of ey<!; band of teeth broad on Jaws, vomer, and the palatines;
iiiterorbllal space (bone only) narrow, not over i eye; preop(ucular spines
riither stout ami Idunt. Pectorals reaching to front of anal; dorsals not
ciiiinected, scarcely meeting in .some specimens; ventrals not reaching to
\i lit; last rays of soft dorsal reaching almost to base of caudal, iiiglicst
dorsal rays etjiial snout and A e,\e; vent much nearer tail than tip of
snout. Color slaty griiy in spirits, with niottlings on sides wliich form
iiiidiispicuoiis cross bars; jtectorals, dorsals, and caudal, with wa\ y cross
linos; ventrals and anal white or Hii/(ietimes dusky and mottled; a dark
spot on spinous dorsal jtosteriorly, tin edged witli white. K'ocky Mountain
ief;ion, in dear streams on both elojies. Almndant in Colorado, northern
Now IJexico, Wyoming. Montana, Idaho, I'tali, eastein W.ishijigton, uui}
Oregon. I'oimd in the ui)per basins of the Fiaser, Columbia, '.lissoiiii,
Colorado, I'latto, Arkansas, .ind Lake fJonneville, its eastern and northern
limits not well ascertained. It is subject to very great variations in coi/»r,
si/A', and roughness of skin. Most sjucimons are smooth, or rough only ir»
the axj^. St)ine, especially from fioiithern Idaho and I'rov o River, Ctah,
iiic (piite rough, some of them as rough as I'oitus asper or Cottua rhofheiia.
Those rough specimens dilfer in no othor respect from smooth ones from
till sanio )oca)itie.". The s|»ecimens here especially described are from
Kagle Jtiver tlfi Gypsum, Colorado, the largest li inches in length.

W(Migh specimens from Provo are thna <l<*scribed by J(ndan & (iiUii'xt
f.^yiinpsiH, mir.]: Ife.id IH,; depth 4L 1). VII, 18; A. 14; V. 1,4, eye 4.< in
lioiid, Form of CuHiin uvinr, but slender. ISkiu of top of head and entire

i'f

|> n

il'l

1050 BiiUdin //, tJnitcd States National Museum,

IxMly, except lower part oC ciindal petliincle, thickly covered witli hIoikI i
IMipillic; those of iiiiterior and ui)i»cr piirta of body each tipped witl; w,
Hpiiio, miiny of tluMo on head with median pores; top of bead with a me-
dian lenKth'.vise depression. Head narrowed anteriorly, the n»axillaiy
extending; to hcyond pnpil ; oi)er(!Uiur and jtrcopercular spines as in Collar
aspti", lateral line not complete; Hpiiions dorsal low ; soft dorsal andai,:|
hijfh; caiidal long; jtectorals altont reaching anal; ventrals rather Inoml,
reaching ahont halfway to anal. Olivaceous, liarred and 8]u>tted iis m
otiier species; fins mottled; spinons dorsal )iale at base and tip, witli ,i
median broad black band; 2 dark blotches at Itase of candal. Jieii;;!li
1 inches. The specimens hero described from Provo Kiver at I'rovo, win i c
it is asso<!iated witli the smootli form called irlurliri, which ditfers onlv
in its smooth skin. Tn specimens from the Yellowstone Park tlie IkiihI
of palatine t«?eth is very broad; there are no ])rick]eH <m the skm.
The head is Si in length and the rays are D. VII, 17; A. Hi; V. I, 4. ('(un-
paring these (Gibbon River, Wyoming) with Hpecimcrs of Cottiis ictiilaii.t,
from Mannnoth Spring, Arkansas, the differences seem well marked. I'nt-
//(« .srHi/«(a/«r has the head blnnter, lower, and more ronndcd, the clierks
nioretnmid and tlie top of the head without median longitudinal dejuession.
I'otluH ictdhps him the axil jirickly, the outline of the head angular, the
top of the head with a median longitudinal de])ression from snout to n.ipc.
and tljc body has broad distinct black cross bars. These 'J forms scciii
like distinct species, but other specimens are intermediate ; specimcn.s li oni
Torch Lake, Michigan, agree with nemiscalHr in color, and areintermcdiiitc
in form; specimens from White River, Indiana, are colored 1 ike »cfa?o;w, imi
are intermediate in form. Apparently snuiacalxr should be recognized ms
a species, but its range and distinctive characters are yet to bo made (nit
in detail, {scmiacahcr, half rough.)

Cittupsiiiiioiiiiseahfr,* Copk, U.i.vdcii Snivoy of Montan.a, 470, 1871 (1872), Fort Hall, Idaho;

.loKDAN \ (ill.IlKRT, PlOC. U. S. Nllt. Mu8. 1880, 450; .JOKUAN, Jiull. U. S. Fisll Coiiilii.

ISH'.l, 5;i.
I'lfniidi'ti si'uiiscahra, .TonnAN \- Gilbkut, SynopsiR, 605,188;).
T'l-itniili-a vheeleri, (Joi-E, I'roc. Amcr. Phil. Soc. I'liila. 1874. lUS, Bear River, Utah. ((nil.

Liout. G. M. Wheeler.)
Vranidea vlwrlen, Von: \-, Yauuow, Zool.Wliccler'.s Kxpl.W. lOOtli iner., v, 000, pi. 3'J, li^'.'j,

.'I, :!a, '.ill. 1876; .Iohdan ..t Gn.ltKRT, Syiiopsi.s, 007.
Oottiin bairtli jnmctulatus, JonuAN, Bidl. U. S. Fish Conini. 1880, 20, 36, 53 ; with plate.

2321. COTTCS IfTALOPS (K.ifiRcsqiio).

(Miller's Tur.Mri; Klob; Muffi.e-.iaw; Hullhead; Spkinofish.)

Head 3^; depth I to (!. D. VI to VIII, 1(5 nr 17; A. about 12; V. 1. t.
Hody slender or stout, tapering regularly backward to the tail; vciiix

* (Joitopgis semi scalier is thus <lcseril)0«l by I'roib.ssor Uopo:

" Itadii. I). VII. 18; .\. Ki; V. I, 4; lir.st ray of an.al below third of second dorsal, '^kiii
prickly above the lateral line, smooth below if, |)o.steriorly. Body compressed, pi' :il<'
risinic rather ateeplv to the basis of lirst dorsal tin. Eye i.H times in heiid. .75 ti j' in
iiiterorbital sjiace. "Mn/.zle contracted, maxillary bone reaching to belowuiiddleof pniiil.
Two8i)inesoii preojuM-culmn ; 1 on interior anf;'le of operculum. Lateriil line di.sruntininil
on last foiirtli of caiKlal pedionde. Head J, lenfjth, without caudal tin. iJelow yclli'U;
dorsal line with ;i series of dark sputa; sidea with largo dark clouds. Tlil'tie BpeLiiin.Ma
from Fort Hall, Idaho." (Cope.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North .Imcrica. 1951

Miiiifwliut (h^pressml; iiitrrocular Hpiic** witli ii K''<>"Vf; prcopcrclc wifli \\.
sliort, Hliarp spin*>, littlr lioukt-d, dircctt'd Imckwiinl and upward, mostly
lovd'CMl by tlir skin; Im-Iow lliis aro 2 smaller coiicraltMLipiiics; HiihoptMcli^
\,itii a 8t<)utisli apiiic, diicctcd forward. Skin smooth, cxct'pt tlic r<'<;ioii
i iimcdiatcly behind tin' pectorals, wliicli is liesef with very small, sharp
I'lickh's, which arc^ sometimes (d)solet«'; lateral liiu' eonHpicuons, eontinn-
(,UH, or interrupted behind; first dorsal low and t'eelde; ])eetoral tins larj^o,
their len^jth m-ariy eipial to that of tin- head, tln-ir tips usually reaehin;^
1m yond the ori<j;in of the soft dorsal; ventral fins nmderate; isthmus very
liioad, the ^ill membranes not formin<; a ftdd aeross it. <)livaeeous, imire
oi less barred and speekh^l with darker; fins mostly barred oi* mottled,
Lfii^'th .'{ to7 inches. Middh' an<l Northern States, abtninding in all clear,
lucky brooks and lakes east of the Dakotas and Kansas to New Vork and
\ i rgin ia, extendi ng sou thwardalonju: the Allcff ban ies to North Carolina and
IKH thern Alabama, especially abundant in limestone sprinj^s itnd enterinj?
( ,1 ves. Extremely variable ; very destructive to egfJi'S of trout. ( Ictolunis,
the catfish; r.?^ ey*-; "tin; uame nu'ans cat's eye; eyes like those of tho
I atfishes with oblong eyes." Kafine8((Ue.)

Note.— As here niulorstood, Cottux ietalnpg is a -widospro.afl and nbnndnnt apories, vnrv-
ill;;- ill ditfortMil, rt';;it)ii8, us is tlio caso with most noniniuriitory siiccics. In Uiis, iim in
otiK'i'H of .similar riiiijie, tlic iiiluiliitantH of each stream may hIiow local peculiarities. A
iiiiiiibor of tliesc forms liavo rcctuved from Ur. Girard apccilic namcN, whicii arc acc(mi-
pMiiicd by detailed de8cii]>tioii.s. Larjie c(dlectioim of these tislies show that inimuroiis
similar "siHscies" Htill exist uiide.scrilied, as it is a rare tliiii;; to find a specimen which
exactly atii'cea ii> all respects with any of the Hitecies in Dr. i^iirard's " Moiio;'ra|)li of tho
I'rcsh-Water Cottoids." In thin work tho ligures and loujj descnptioua ^ivo characters
III iiidividualH, not of species.

rnjedictix ictatopt," Kaftnesque, Ichth. Oliicnsia, 85, 1820, spring near Lexington, Ken-
tucky.

Ciittug richanlsnnifi Aoassiz, Lake Snporior, 300, 1850, north shore of Lake Superior
(Ctdl. Louis Agassi/, and Dr. C. T. Jackson); GlUARD, Monogr.aiih Fresh-Water
Cottoids N. A., 39; (JCnthkr, Cat., It, 158; not Trachi dermis richaidsoni, Hkckki,.

('(iituK bairdii,', GniAUD, I'roc. Amer. Assoc. Adv.Sci.,n, 1850, 410, aud Monograph Cottoids,
44, with plate. Mahoning River, Poland, Ohio. (Coll. S. F. Haird.)

(latins mendionnlis,^ (iiii.\ui),Vfov. Amd-. Assoc. Adv. .Sol., ii, 1850, 410, aud GuiAKl),
Monograph Cottoids, 47, James River, Virginia. (Coll. S. h'. Itaird.)

' In spite of the errors in description, there can be no doubt that lialiucsque's "cat's
pyc Si)ringlish." Vi'tiedictis ietalops, is the present species; the ilor'sal rays are counted
Mionnly. and tho scales are said to he small. Nevertheless, "in tlie distorted pei'sjiecti o
111' liis mental vision" Uatine.sque could have had nothing else. In other words, liis
ilrscription was drawn uj) hastily and in jiart from nuMuory.

I The form called Vntttn richard-soni, Agassiz, is rather'slenucr. with the vent rather
niurc, ])osteri(U' than usual, placed midway between the snout and the tip of the ciuilal;
ill tlie others it is nearly midway between the snout and the middle of tho caudal. Lake
SM|ie,rior. A siiecaiuen taktsn by Dr. .lordan iu Lake Superior at Marqi;: 'te. Micliigaii,
aiiiies with Citttiis ic<rt/i)/>.9 from southern Missouri. It is a little more sii'iider, the color
a little darker and loss <letinite, the cross bai's fainter, the dark ]iunctulatii)us nioie
roiisiiiiMious. Tho vent has the usual position, although Dr. Girard figures tlie vent in
liK Lake Superior s]ie(^imens, types of Cottus richard»oni, as farther back tlinii in ^'nttiit
ictitli)i),<i. In his figure of ('ottun i%chardsoni tho vent is a shade nearer ba^eof caudal
tli:ni posterioriuargin of eye. In all specimens w<( have seen it is nearly midway botwtM'n
lujHtnl iind cauilal. D. Vlll, 18; A. 12, in the specimen from Mari|uett<!.

' I'lio form called Oc^Hd ^^auv/i', Girard, is small and slender, with tin spinous dorsal
vi'iy low, and the palatine teeth less developed than iii the other fori Cayuga Lake,

Ni\v Vork, to Ohio.

^ (h,ttn,i meridionalis, (Hrard. is rather robust, 'vith the d« .sal tins srarcely connected,
ami Die Tuouth larger, the maxillary extending to opposite posterior liorder of eye; tho
pivopercular spine is sharp and directed well upward. I'eunsylvuuia to North Carolina,
aliiiig tlio Allughauics; abundant.

F

1962 D idle tin 47, United States National Museum.

|{i'

'1

i'k ■ 1

m : -i

:l •)

is

•'fi

&

Cottii.1 wiltoni,* UiKAUti, Monognipli C'ottolda, 42, ISSl.Plt'-sburg, Pennsylvania. (Cdi.

Jiicol) (Ircnn.)
CotUm alvordii,\ Gikard, ^loiiogrii])!! Cuttoidx, 46, 1851, '^ort Qratiot, Lake Hur. .1.

((Joll. Migor IJeii.j. Alvord.)
rotamoeoUtu zoi>lienni, ; JoiiDAN, Ann. Lyr. Nat. lH«t. N. Y. 1870, 320, Etowah River and
tributaries, Rome, Georgia. (Coll. 'lurdan & GIllHirt.)
Uraniilea lichariltoni. Jokdan \- (Jilukht, Sviiopsm. filifl. ISRI.
Uramden richardsoni, .Tohdan & Giluekt, S,vno|iHit*, 090, 1883; Imt tlit« imiiie riehards. „{

Ih ]ir<toccupied iu OuUiih.
(Mtu.1 hairdii, .Toiir)AN, Hull. V. S. Finli Conim. 1889, 20.
PiitainiieoUHs carolliuc,^ (J11.L, Pnic. U0.1t. Soc. Nat. II int. 1801,40, Carolina; (1II.L, in Siinp.

sou Kept, luLtli.U tub, 4UU, 1877.

Subgenus TAURIDEA, .lordiiii \- Rice.

2322. rOTTI'S KKKI, Nelson.

Head 33 ; depth 51. First dor.snl VIII, second doranl and anal do.«itroy( d ;
V, I, 4; P. 15. Eye4i, IJ in iiitciorltital space and «quallin<i;8nont. I'.ody
short and stout, aWruptly contracted opposite hase of anal. Head niiicli
de])rcs8ed, very Inoad and Hat, bioadcM- than body, broudth {greater tliin
lcnf;:th; depth 1 leujjth. Palatine^ teeth present. Tail very small, suh-
terete. Outline tadpole-like. .laws abont equal; month rather narrow;
jaws contracted and somewhat produced. Eyes on npi)er surfaic in ,ir
tofjether. Preopercular spine extremly larjue, 3 times as larfjjc as in .my
other lre.sh-watcr Cottoid known, as long as eye. hooked backward imd
upward, giving a butl'alo-like a]»pearani'c. Tliree si)ineB hooked down-
ward below the larger spine; the lower concealed; a strong spine hooUid
forward at bjise ofoporcles. Hranchiostegals (5. Isthmus as widens from
snout to middle of orbit. IJaae of jiectorals creacentic, their tips just slim t
of anal; rays all simple; vcntrals reaching jj distance to vent. Pidlilc
rising rajtidly to dorsal, whi(;h runs along a sort of c.irina. Dorsal bcu'in-
ning a trille behind vcntrals, just behind head, abont xnidway betwcin
snout and anal. Wont midway Ixstwei-n snout and ])ase ofcandal. Deptii
at first ray of anal less than A length of head, thickening at same jxiint
over ^. Head smooth. Space .ibove lateral line behind heild covered
with small stiff prickles hooked batikward, readily visible as small bl.ick
specks when skin is dry. Color pale brown, irregularly spotted ;uid mot-
tled with darker brown somewhat as in Loia ; pectorals mottled; belly
white ; spines spirally curved, forming k a spiral. The most peculiar cliir-
acters are the strong spines of the prcopcrcle and the smaller ones below,

* Cottiis irilmmi, (^lir.ard, i.s ratlioi' .-tlnntri', witli .stron^;<'i' ]):ilafiiic toi'tli, and M'itli Nomn
of till' up|)ernioHt of tlio jwctoral rays lufurcTte, tlu'se lioiiig entiru in the otii' rs.
Ohio Viillcy, I'l'nnsyhania, and Indiana.

t (jiittiig alvnrdi. (iinird, is Hliort and chiihhy, with the Urst dorsal rather hijrli. :iiiil
Joined liy menibrauf to second more than in the othor forms. Common in Wisconsin mil
JMichifian.

; Cottti.1 zopheriia. .Jordan, is slender and very dark in color, and more ronspiiiiohsly
variejiated; the first dorsal liij^li; the palatine teotli will di'veloi)ed ; jirohubly wiiriliy
of varietal i'iM'iii;nition. Alaiiama Masin.

^ Odttiis randhid-, (iill, is a V(!ry liir:;i' form, railier rolmsl, rearhing a length of inarly
0 ini'hes. witli'Mit axillary ])riekri's. and witli the palatine tec^lli well ilevelopoil. I'lic
lateral line, as in tin- otlier forms, is sometinies <'iintinnim^ and ,><ometimes iiiterru|ii< il.
It ahonndt) ill the liiuustuuu rc^iuu from Indiana to Tennessee, and is I'requeutly 1" '<i<l
in caves.

e rithardx'iii

Jordan and pA'cr maun. — Fishes of North America. 1053

Iio carin!it«Ml liafk niul ;iljrnptl,v coiitniotod luuly, forming tho anltturuto
I iiiuliil pfdmu'lc. Tlu* ])rirI\loM of tlm hUjh an* roiiiHor than in any otlicr
:|M^('io8. (Nelson.) Lcnjjjtli of type '1% inches. (Jrciit Lalvos, tho 2 typo
^pcciMirns from Ijikr Michigan, n*-ar Kvanaton, IllinoiH, in ratlier di'cp
wiittT; romains of othorn occnr amon^ (iirard's typoH of 7Vm/ ?()/>«»» tliomp-
sDui from I.aUo Ontario. Tlio gronp Tttiiridcn, of which this species is
tvpe, may be wortliy of generii' rank. (Named for its diseoverer, Mr. V. L.
i;ice, tlien a stndent in zoolofjy ia Nortli western University at Kvanston.)

I .,lliii lied. NKI.SON, Mull. Ills. Mim. Xut. Hit*!., Vol. I, No. 1, 40, 187fi. Lake Michigan, at

Evanston ((.'oil. K. L. Kin).
I iiuiidin «/)l'^(^/, .loilDAN \- (ill.IIEU'r, .SynopHis, OiU; not ofl'ol'K.
I lunidfa riiU'i, .Joruan \, (iiLUBKT, Synopsiti, U5:i.

Subgenus COTTUS.
2833. <;OTTi:,S ONYtiirs. Kiireiiiiiunii &. KiKt-iiiiianii.

Head H'f ; depth r>L 1). VIII. 17; A. 13; V. I, 4; P. 13; eye 1,V in snont,
1 in interorbitai, 5 in head. Teeth ou vomer, none on ]tiihitine8. Width
ol' head ocinalinj; its len};'tli to end of j>reopercuhir s])ine. its de]>th 2 in
liiifith. Preojterele witli an nptnrned elaw-like spine, below which are 2
dlliora, mnch smaller, the anterior one havinjjf its point tiir?ied downward
:ni(l forward. Ma.Killary not reachinj; orbit; lateral linocomjtlete. Sides
iiltove latoriil lino, with stiff prickles from below lirst spine to below last
dorsal ray; ])riekleM below lateral line coulined to tho abdominal ])art of
t lie sides. Dorsjil connecte<l by a low membrane, the rays mnch h i <;her than
tho spines, 3,1 in head. Pcct(»ral reachinjj past vent, its rays not branched.
A dnsky spot on breast jnst behind anterior end of gill slits; ventral snr-
liue inclnding the ventrals otherwise plain; anal with a few dnsky specks
on its rays; other tins barred; sides and npper snrfaces olive with darker
spots; 3 dark bands below soft dorsal; a dark band Just in front of
caudal. Lengtii about 3.V inches. Saskatchawan Itasin. This species is
evidently closely related to Coitus poUicantt, from which it ditfers chietly
in having many ]»rickles. (Eigenmann.) Not seen by ns and p«>rha]»8 not
(iitl'erent from Cotliis pollicdiis. (c/'u^og, clawed.)

(nttii.i onj/chus, KioENMANN & Ei(!ENMANN, Am. Nat., Nov.. 1892, Ofi.1, Bow River, at Cal-
gary, a tributary of the South Saskatchawan, Alberta Territory. (Coll. C. II.
Kigciiinaiin.)

•2!12I. COTTIS IMtLLK'.VUIS (.lordan \ Gilbert).

iload 3'! in length to base of caudal; depth 4|; eye 5}^ in bead. D.
\ II, 19; A. 13; V. I, I; P. 17. Lateral line complete. IJody robust; nape
piouiinent, the prolile of head steeply declined, thence to tip of snout in a
straight <)r slightly concave line; head mnch depressed, broad and flat
above, evenly narrowed forward to the broad, much depressed, bluntly
rtuuided snont; eyes small, with ("xtensive vertical range, their diameter
less than snont or the Hat interorbitai width; month rather small,
anterior, with but little lateral cleft, maxillary reaching vertical from front
of 'ubit; teeth villiioriu on jaws and vomer, none ou palatiues; preoper-

f,S.:-

iiSt-

I'

4>.

fi

;l

I i

H f

'iu

l : i

Ft- <<

l-'i

19.>4

Ihilh'tin fy, Uuilcd States National Museum.

ciilui'Hpiiio liir^o anil Htroii;;, spiiully ciirvi'd upward aiid inward, wholly
iiivoHtud witit iiioiiiltmno; a isiii^lo uharp luncoalod Hpiiioim ]H>int below
angle of prc()p(trol<-; iHtlinniH liroad, without fold, its widtli otiualiii); dis
taiior front Hiioiit to middle of |Mipil. >Si)inons dorHul rather low, nnarl,\
uniform in lioi;;lit, connected with Hecond dorsal by a low nienihrauc;
longest Hpiue *'(|ualing length of Nnout; Hoft diUHal long, ita longoHt ray
'2\ in head; origin of anal lin under third dorsal ray, its last ray undei
Hixteenth of dorsal ; highest anal ray 2.1 in head; viiitrals I, I, reachiiiu
I distance to vent; pectoral rays all simple, iiiihranehed, the longest
reaehing vertical from vent, and contained U times in head. Vonte<|iii
distant between tip of snout and l)ase r»f caudal fin. Skin overywhcic
smooth. Color olivaceiuis above, little punetulated, lower I of sides ami
whole under side of head and body uniform whitish abov«>, head ami
body with irregular spots and blotches of black; these in (iner pattern
(ui head, and not forming bauds on back; dorsals, caudal, and ])ectoriil-^
with black s])ot8 arranged in nu>re or less <listinct series; anal, ventral>.
and li>wer rays of pectorals translucent, unuuirked. Lake Michigan; ii
single specimen lA inches in length taken olV Kacino, Wisconsin, Ly l)r.
Philo R. Hoy. (pollcx, the thumb, suggested bj' the mime. Miller's Thumb. )

Uranidea pollicari*, Jordan a Gn.nEicr, Vrov. U. S. Nnt.MiiH. 188L', '.'22, Lake Michigan,
off Racine, Wisconsin (Tyi>i«, No. 2900:j. Coll. 1'. U. Hoy); JOUDAN &. (inaJEltl
Syuopsis, 954, 1H83.

232-.. <'()TTUS <0«\ATrS, Kiclmnlson.

(BKAR LAKK lU'LLlIEAD.)

This spocios is thus described l>y Hichardsnu: The Coitus which forms
the subjects of this article was taken in considerable numbers in the cle.n
waters of Gr«'at Hear Lake during the uuuith of May, at which period il
resorts to the stony shallows to spawn. Specimens which we sent t"
Barcni C'nvicr were returned with the remark that they belonged to ;i
species of ('o//tts ami were " tres semlilaliics aux. f'.(/o/</'(>," and they, indeed,
coirespoml in most paiticulars with the extended dt'scriptiou of the latti i
in the Histoin- des Poissoiis. I h.ive since compared these specimen^
minutely with an Knglish gohio, kindly lent to me by Mr. Yarrell, and tin
principal diU'creiice that 1 have been Jible to detect in the American fisli
is tin- greater height of its dorsal and amil hns. Tlu-re is also a dis
crepancy in the number of rays, l>ut this can scarcely be acccmnted a
specific distinction, sin<'e diflerent individuals of gohio show equall\
extensive variations. The Hear Lake specimens having been long in
spirits have lo.st nnich of their <'oIor, but the following particulars may
still 1h^ m>ted: In Collux t/ohio the rays of the pectorals are variegated witli
rings alternately dark and light; in oogiKdiia the color is ahnost nniJonn.
but varit\s in intensity in difierent individuals. In 1 small IV'malo spe( i-
men of th(^ latter, however, there is a slight indication of these rings, and
its body likewise is n\arbled in a mor(^ lively nninner than the rest, haviiii;
a greater resemblan<e to gohio. The males are darker than the females in
the American as well as the European species. Th(> specimen which w.
have described in detail was the largest we olitained, and was selected Ici

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. H^HS

:e Michigan.

Hi. (iIIJlEUT,

il('8rrii»tioii Croiii Uh licinn •"xaitly in tbr hhihc Icnj'th witli tlic </"'*»" with
\vlii(;h it \vu8 roiiipiirrtl. Onat Kciir liiikc, litti^tli 4 iiichis. (Uirlmnl-

(III.) Not Hci'ii l»y rt'rt'iit iiiitiiniiiMtH, prolmldy iiUicd to <'oHiin poUimriH.

lOt/iiafiiH, n-liitt'd, to f'ottiia ijohio.)

.\itt\iH cofinahit, IJhiiaudson, Fniiim Itor.Aiiirr., iii, 4ii, lH;ttI, (ireat Bear Lake (Coll. .1.
Kirliiiril.Moii); (ilUAKI). Moll. Col .,41 ; til. NTH Kit. Cut., II, 157.

ninidea cimnata, iIordan iV I ■ii.iiKur, Syno]miH, 1)53. lH8:i.

i!!l2«. rOTTIS I'Kltl'I.K.M'S, Cilliort \ Evorinaim.

Unul .S! ; (Irpth 4,1, D. VII. 21; A. lo; I». lO; V. 1. I; .yr I; Hiioiit 4;
iiiti'iorliitiil width 5.). I.fiist tliplii of ciiinLiI priliiiiili' <,n'(>iitrr tliaii
-■iioiit, Hji ill hfiid; iiiti-iorltitjil m|iii(c liitiHT l»roiid, about 1.} in i-yo.
r.iKJy dfcpi'i' ami more loniprrsscd than in any otlu-r Hpi-i-ics known to iih,
tlii.s licinji esjK'cially iioti<'<'al>ii* l»ostrrioily ; rundiil iifdniiclc very Hliort
ini'l dci'p, and cntirfly ov<'rlappfd by posterior dorsal rays which i-xtrnd
licyond hast' ot' caudal iiii. Lcn^rth of candal ])cdiinclc iVoin hasi^ of' last
dorsal ray about J depth of same; depth of body at oii;;iii of anal liu ^
lriio;th of head. Interorbital space slio;ht!y concave; occiput Hat or
tiansverseiy convex. Mouth obli(|iie, the maxillary reacbiu'; vertical
tiitm posterior mar^fin of pupil, 2.} iii head. Teeth in a very narrow
cre8C((utie band on vomer, noiui on palatines. Upper preopereubvr spine
short and broad, curved or siinpl\ directed upward; below this are 2
-tout, blunt spines directed downward. Mody entirely naked, lateral line
iiiconiplete, not rearhinj; <^'><l of solt dorsal. Spinous dor.sal low, the
li>iin('st spines not "greater than len^xth of snoiit; .soft fin.s all hiyh, the
lilteenth dorsal ray e(|ualinR snout and cy<'; a broad niembrane always
( ciiinectinjf the 2 «lorHals. the notch inconspicuous; last rays of anal, as
uill as dorsal, extendiu"' licyond base of candal; lirst anal ray under
third ray of soft dorsal; ventral spine and rays slender and weak. Anus
midway bi'tween base of caudal tin and front of eye. Color in alcohol,
hack and sides with vermitnlatione of li^ht and dark, the back with "• or
(; ill-detined black cross bars, which usually reaih the lateral line; the
usual bhick bar at base of candal, «!maro;inate posteriorly ; below the lateral
line a number (»f small, (|uadrate dark blotches, arraii<i;ed in 2 irregular
siries; lower part unmarki'd, except with line dark pniictulatnms; dor-
s:il, pectitral, and candal tins cross-barred with dark; anal and ventrals
with numerous small dark specks. Lenj'tli aliout 3;! inches. Shooknm-
rjiiick and Nowankuni rivers, near Chehalis, in western Washinjrtou.
(tJilbert ».t Evormann.) (pcrphxiia, perplexed.)

<nltvx perplcxus, CtILHEUT \ Kvkumaxn, liull. I', S. Kisli Comni. 1S91, 202, pi. 20. (Type,
No. 4.''.:iH7, r. S. Xiit. Mum.; CotypcH, Nos. rj2» to 1;u:i. I,. .S.Jr. lliiiv. .Mils.); Shookum-
chuck River, near Chehalis, Washington (No. 4.');t88, U. S. Nat. Muh.), uud Newau-
kum River, near Chehalis. ((.'oil. (liUx^rt \'. Jcnkilis.)

2827. COTTt'S KL.VM.VTIIK\SIS, (iilbcrt.

Head 2,^0+0 3 1\, in h'ti^th; depthS ,'-'„ to 4-1. D. VII, 19; A. 14; P.l.*?; V.
I. I. ibidy heavy and deep, the held narrowed and wedoc-sliuped .inleri-
III ly, t hi* snout rather acute and the nututh with much lateral cleft. Mux-

m-- "-'"^

WW

W

ii

ri

! I

lOr»(; riullelin ./7, United States Natioual Museum.

illiity lirutidly *'\|Misrtl, itH tip ri'itcliiii^ vortical from lM*liiiiiI front of pupil,
its li'ii^tli 1.': or 2)^ ill Ik'ikI. Itrniiil IuiihIn \\^ tcrlli on jiiws and vdiiui ;
piilatini-H tnotli]i-HH. AntiTior iioHtril with ii diMtinct tiiho. Kyi^ i,r
iiiudcratf Hi/<i, \\ in Hiiuiit, l'| to 5 in head. Intcrorldtal spacr uij<l
<ii''-i|)iit ;;)'ntly coiicavr in adults, tlic total iiitrrorliilal width Ij^ to I
in orldt, tlit« hoiiy Hrptnm inirrowi-r. Upper pn'oprrmiar Hpin<> rolmst,
Htrai^rjit, diri'ctrd liackward, or liackward and Nli^litiy npward; litlnw
this tin- niar<rin of tiir liono iswitlioiil i-vidi-nt Hpiin-H, Init Imiiis I ni j
Hli^lil itroniinoni't'H wliirli nniy lie loniidcd or arntr; anterior an^lini'
the Niilioperrltt witli a sliort Hpino diriM'tcd forward; operrU* cndin;; in
a Nliort flat H))iiM>. Mead witli lar^^r pores, 2 ])airs aliove from of mini,
those of the poHterior pair nearest to^jether; distant from tiiese, asiiiHlr
median pore on the ]iosterior portitiii of liiterorhital spacM-, from wlmli
div4>r^e 2 lines of jtoreH aronnd the haik of the orhits; spinons dor^.ii
short and low, the lon;^est spine nsnally leHM than \ the longest Boft riiy;
the 2 fins very Inoadly .j<iined ; distanee from l»ase of last dorsal ray to
liase of caudal Hli^htly less than depth of eaiidal pednnele; eaiidal Hliort
and broadly rounded, its len<;'th \'\ in liead; ]M'etorals very short, iiHii.illy
not rea(diin^ vertieal from front of anal, \i in heail; ventrals lar^e, sui
tiiiieH reaching; vent hut nsnally shorter, \\ in head; <'an<lal with !) (soi
tiiiU's X or 10) forked rayn; rays of other liiiH aimide, iinhraiiched. I'ln
variation in tiiirayn is Hhown in th<^ following talde:

lie.

IIC-

Xumbor

of H|)(>ci-

intiiiM.

VII

Uppor Kliniiiitli Lako

Kliimatli Ri viT lirlow lake. |

Lost Kiv»ir

S«!ot t Kivtir

21
4

7
1

10
3

7
1

VIII

2

1

10

20

13

14

18

2

■ ■ ■ ■

16

4

....

1

3

3

....

2

4

1

1

Perioral.

14

•' I

3 l,>

51

if

It ;

|1 !

ii i

Skin mostly nuked, the younjj with a narrowly oldono; patch of prickles
helow the lateral lino and under the posterior half of pectorals, tiiesc lic-
cominjj ffiadnaliy absorlxMl with ajje, adults heinj; nearly or (piite n.ikrd,
Latfial line very incomplet; , tin* last ])ore under some portion of the
anti^rior half of soft dorsal in all our specimens from tln^ lake. From ilic
last por(% a sliallow open <;ro;>ve (>/ tracer follows tin* conrs(> of Ww oliso-
let<' portion of the canal. In 4 specimens from Klamath liiver lielow tlic
falls, and in 1 collected l»y Mr. 1{. (J. Mctirej^or in Scott Kiver, .Siskiynii
County, California (a tributary of Klamath River), the lateral lim is
much more nearly complete, emlinj; under the last fifth of soft <loi-.il.
Color lirownish olive, with 1 or 5 indistinct <lark liars downward fniii
hack, lireakiiiff up lielow into narrow bars which may unit*' to ti>iiii
V-shajietl markiof^s, or (ilten into mere irrejrnlar blotches; a narrow imi'
at base <if tail; caudal with broad dark bars alternatin<; with much ni!-
rower lijjht ones; dorsal and unal with sumewbut narrower obU<iue Imis;

I* -1;

Jordan and Evcruiann. — Fishes of North .hficrmi, 1057

IM'ctoruls vrl V riillspirlliillMly l'll<'<'K('l'i'll, tlir llillk illlil li^llt Hptits (ill tlli>

iiivM uri.iii>i«Ml in vcrticiil snifM, A 1arm<, wlroiijfly iniirKttl >|H'fi«'H, vi-ry
il)iiiMliiiit ill r|i)M'i' Kl:iiii:itli hiiki'. It is rliiiiiDtri i/cil liy Dn .sliitrt H|>i-
iitiiH <liirstil, liriiiiillyjtiiiii'il to t lie Imi^ soil ilnrsul, tin- iiiiiiriiiu liril pi rloriil
i;iys, tlir very iiiroinplctc Inli rul line, llic wi;iK ilrvi'lopinriit oC prirKlcH,
ilif lack ol' ptiliiliiH- tcitli, .iiiil i\u' tliKtiiH'tivo colortttUMi. It is iiioHt
iMiiily rrlaftil t<> <'. pi) itUx. Ivliiniutli LiiUcs, Ort'jioii.

I .iihit maniiiHiiniin. (lii.iiDiir, Itiill. I . S. Kinli ('••iiiiii. IXII7. Ill, IlKiii-f, Upper Klamath
Lake, Oregon. | iypu, Nu,48:!:iU, 1. S. Niil. Muh. Cull. UiUM»rt, CriiiiK r, and (Miiki.j

!}II2S. rOTTIS Alii-;iTin S, flillx-rt,

Ih'iul Hiiiiill, :U to :U; depth '. to r»A. 1). IX or X, 1« or 11); A. 13 or U;
r. ll{ to Ift; \. I, I; ('. 8 or !) ( t'orUt (1 rays) ; ;r» to IS? ]»on's in latoral lltu».
Ill uppcaiaiiru rfHt'iiililiiig CoIIkh pliilonijts; tlio hra<l Hiiiall, its width lint
I (^r»'nt»fr thiiu its dejith; the body low uud but litthi coiiijm'HHod, tho
ili'|ith lit HhonidorH Inil littlo ;;roat(;r tlian tlu^ width, dandiil ]i(!duiiclo
iimdrrato, not HJondtr, its Iriiijth from baso of list anul ray lij to U, in
Iliad, iiieaHiirud from hist doiH.-il ray but little moru than ^ iih luu^r. iK-pth
of caudal |km1uii(-1o 4^ to 4^ in head. Mouth small, variabh-, nuixillary
iiiirhlug vertical from front or middli- of ]>iipil, 2;^ Ut'.i in head. \'omerl!iu
|i.iti'h of teuth small, tho |ialatin«>a toothlcHH. I'ruorbital as wide us ryo,
pmduced anteriorly into a convex lobe, which louccals all but the wid-
I'licd tip of tlic maxillary; both jiairs of noHtrils opiMiin^ in short but
(•\ idcnt tnbe.s, a character not known by ns to exist in other sjiecics of Mio
;,'! HUH. Kyo 1^ to4i{ in head; interorbital Hpace iiarniw, the least width
tilthe boue sli^rhtly Icsh than .\ the vertical diameter of the orbit in adultn
It'll) mm. Ion;;;', much narrower in youn;;er Hpecimons. In this respect our
specimens diller conspicuously from the tyjies of I . mioimhtma, in which
the interorbital width is said to e(|ual vortical diameter of eye. As in
( iilhiH i)hUoiii})» we have but a siiiffle preojicri-nlar sjiiiie, which is straight
Mild directed oliliiiuely upward; jireoperciilar mari;iu below the spine
I'MMily rouude«l; subopercular spine well developed. Lateral line coin-
plete, following outline of back to opposite last dorsal ray, where it
iiliriiptly declines to niidtlle of caudal peduncle. Hody naked, or with a
iiiiirow band of prickles extendiiij^ from ujjiter axil of itectnrals alonj^
under side of lateral line. Dorsals more or less joined at base in all our
specimens, but varying in the height of the connecting membrane, which
usually Joins well u]» on lirst ray of soft dorsal, sometimes at its extreme
liasit. The spinous (hirsal is long, with !) spines in VA specimens examiue«l,
[(•spines in 5 specimens. The lirst 2 spines are very closely approximated,
and spring from a single, wide interspinal; the first spine is easily over-
liioUed, as has been done liy (Jilbert and Kvermaun (Investigations in the
t idumbia Kiver Hasin, 181)4, p. 54), and possibly also by Lockington in his
lit scrijjtion of f/>rtnidc« m/rros/oma. Spinous dorsal low; the soft dorsal
liigiier, the longest rays efjualing length of snout and + oj^e; the last r;iys
wiien depressed not (|uite reaching base of caudal. Anal lin much shorter
tliaii soft dorsal, its last ray under the fourth or tifth before the last ray

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of dorsal; c:iii<lul truncate, slightly roiiiuled when spread, its lenfjtli IH^i
Iji in liettd, its rays twice forked; petitorals reaching to or nearly to froni
uf anal; vcntrals varying in length, not (juite reachint; vent iu . uy orom
spet-imens; pectoral rays all simple; dorsal and anal rays all siiupl<,
except tlie last, which is nsually divided to tlic base in the former, and
8(MnetimeH divided in the latt* r. Head and hody mottled or spotted above,
unilbrmly light brown, the darker markings on back often arranged a> d
cross b.trs, of which 2 are Itelow spinous dorsal, ;j below soft dors.i!,
and 1 on caudal peduncle, these usually broken up into spots or reticnli
tions, and often obscure, sometimes wanting; usually a light bar doun
ward and backward from eye; rays of dorsals, pectorals, and caudal croHsci I
Avith series of dark blot»;hes ; ventrals and anal light, very obscurely barn d
with darker. This species Avas very abundant in the small streams ])iis-.
ing through the village of Iliuliuk, llnalaska, living both in the up|i( r,
strictly fresh-water portit)n of tlie stream, and in the lower, more oi- less
bra<'kish part. A specimen transferred to the salt-water aquarium on tlic
AlhairosH seemed to suffer no inconvenience from the changeof water, and
lived for several days. This is probably the Franidea microatoma of L()cl^-
ington, based on specimens collected near S^. Paul, Kadiak, and consid-
ered by the dcscriber to be identical with other s])ecimcns examined l)y
him from th<i Aleutian Islands. Four specimens were collected by us M;i y
2(5, 1889, in a small stream entering Departure Bay, Vancouver Island.
These exhibit perfectly the differences separating Cottus aleuticm from i(s
nearest ally, Cottus philomps, (Gilbert.)

Uranidea microstoma, Lockinoton, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1880, 58, St. Paul, Kadiak Island
(Coll. AV. J. Fischer) ; iiot Gottiui iiiicrostoiintt, Hkckei., a European .species.

Oottvt aUvMcxu, (Mujert, Kept. U. S. Fish Coiuin. 1893 (1896), 418, streams of Unalaska;
also in Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Coll. C. U. Gilbert).

2a2». COTTL'S MIMTIS. I'aUas.

Head 34. D. VII, 18; A. 13; C. 13; P. 14; V. 2. Head large, conic, tlic
upper jaw longer, the teeth very slender; eyes small, near together; jirc-
operclewith an incurvi'd npine on each ,si<le, its lower margin subdentate;
the head otherwise unarmed; body terete, thick anteriorly, taperiin,'
behind; the lateral line unarmed. Color pale, dotted with large dusky,
irregular black spots on the back; fins all variegated, the pectorals trans-
lucent, with rows of dusky spots; >entrals white, with dnsky rings;
second dorsal variegated; anal dotted with dusky, caudal with dnsl<y
bands; body smooth. Island of Talek, near Tauisk, Sea of Okhotsk;
known from a dried specimen 3 inches long, and a drawing. (!'all;is.)
Evidently close to Cottu8 aleuticus, but n(»t to be identified without inw
material from Siberia, (minutiia, very small.)

Coitus ininntii9, Fallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat., ni, 145, 1811, Talak Island, Sea of Okhotsk.
(Coll. D. D. M-jrk).

2330. C'OTTUS BELDINOII, Eigenmann &. Eigcnmann.

Head 2f to4; depth \ to 5. D. VI to VIII, 15^ to 18; A. 11 to 13; V. I. I.
Head rather short and broad, the profile convex, more steep from eye for-

Jordan and Evcrnmnn, — Fishes of North America, 1050

ward; eyo largo, orliit 4 to 5 in lioad; iiitcrorbitui coijcave, L' in urhit;
iiioutli large, luuxillary leachiiig at loaat to Itulow the pupil, about 2 in
iiead. Preoporclt) with a siiuplu bacltwanl-dirct *ed spino, very ulightly
curved upward. Teeth »»Ji jaws and vomer, none ou ]wihitiues. Skin
HUiootb. Pectorals reacliing vent, or further in tlu^ young; vtuitralN IJ^ to
2 in head. Distance of ana' from caudal \\ in itu d.istance from anout.
Anus nearer insertion of caudal than to end of Huo'it. Mottled with
black and white; about (> blackish cross bars oi back, the lirst across
lie.'id just behind eyes, next at origin of dorHal; lirst dorsal tinged with
rusty, T^be Hecoud less so; all the fins except the ventrals spotted with
(lark. The ground color varies greatly with the bottom over which these
lishes live. (Eigennninn.) Streams of Columbia lliver Basin, south to
Lake Lahoutan; abundant cast of the Cascades. We lind this species
iibundaut in shallow water in Lake Tahoe. Kxcopt by the stouter body,
wo are unable to separate it from Cottiih philonips, and ])erhapB Gilbert
iV Evernuinn are right in identifying it with the latter. We refer to
I'otttta heldinfiii most of the spec^imens called Vottua phUonipa by Dr. filbert
and Dr. Evermann, with the remark that the name Cottna heldhujii is in any
event prior to Cottua phUonipa.

Cottiia heldingii is a sman-headed form, typically with perfectly smooth
skin and unarmed palatines. Like most other sjtecies of the genus it
(iceasionally develops a band of postaxillary prickles, which are often
iiccompp.iiied in the same api "liraens by a small patch of teeth on the
palatine bones. The head is less strongly armed than usual, the single
pi'eo]tercular spine being short, the prcopercular margin otherwise wh«)lly
unarmed. In this respect C. hddwgn differs from all other Avestern
species of Cotltis, except the Alaskan form above mentioned. The dorsal
varies from VII or VllI, 16 to 18; the anal from 12 to 14. The nostrils are
without tubes, and the preorbital little produced, exposing the greater
])art of the maxillary in closed mouth. Specimens were obtain<'d in the
Tort Neuf River near l'ocat«'llo, at Suoqualmie Falls, aiid in a spring
branch emptying into the South Fork of the Cunir d'AIeno Kiver, near
W'ardner, Idaho. We have also seen specimens taken from Hirch Creek,
iu western Idaho, by Merriam and Bailey. (Nanunl for Lyman Belding,
of Stockton, California, well known as an ornithologist.)

( iilttis heldingii, Eigknmann & Eioenmann, Anier. Nat., XXV, 1891, li;i2, Lake Tahoe
(Coll. Lyman Beldiug and C. II. Eigenin.inii), and Donner Lake ((Joll. Eiguumuuii).

ea of Okhotsk.

2331. COTTOS PIIILOXIPS, Eioenmann & Eigonuiann.

Head 3:^; depth 6. D. IX-17; A. 13; eye 4 in head; maxillary 'H ; high-
est dorsal spine 3; highest soft ray 2J; pectoral 1; caudal 1;',. Body ex-
titmely slender, not much compressed; caudal peduncle moderate. Head
fsiiiall, wedge-shaped, as viewed from above; from the side the upper pro-
lilc is broadly rounded from the dorsal to the tip of the rather sharp
snout, lower iirotile straight ; month moderate, the maxillary reaching to
middle of eye; teeth on jaws and vomer, palatines toothless; interorbital
space equals \ eye; eye about equal to length of snout; preopercle with
only 1 small spine above, below which its edge is entire; pectoral reach-

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4

iiig iVont of Mtiiil or past; doiHals not connecti-d, tlio higlicHt Hpinuubout i,
tliu liigbeHt Hoft doiHiil 1',, in huud; vtnitrala leachiiit; to vent. Co)oi
light gray, covered with many st)ota forming reticuhitionH on sides and
top of head ; ventrals white, othtsr tins covered by wavy, dailc bais; dorsid
entirely dusky, with a narrow white «nlgo; belly and lower parts white
Fraser River liasin. Hero described from one of the type spccimcnH. :;
inches in length; collected at Field, Itritish Columbia, in Kicking llorsi
River, by Dr. Eigenmann. This has been compared with many specimen^
of Coitus hehUnfiii from localities in Washington and Idaho and from Lak.'
Taboo. All of these are less slender than the types, the depth being 4.1 to
5 inches in length, but they do not dill'or otherwise, and later investig.i
tions will probably show the entire identity of Coitus pUHonips with Cuttim
hvldhKjii.

This name {Cottiis philonips) was proposed as a substitute for Cottnx
viinutiia, Pallas, supposed to be preoccupied, and Coitus microHtomus {Ijovk-
ington), not of Meckel; but the original description was taken from ,i
specimen from Kicking Horse River. Tiio iirst mentioned is perfectly
available, but was applied to a specimen from the island of Talek, ncjir
Tauisk, in the Okhotsk Sea. It is very doubtful, therefore, whether Cottnx
minutus should be used for any American species in advance of comparisdii
with the Siberian form. From the Aleutian Island species (C. microstomuH
Lockington, C. alenticus Gilbert), C. j:hUonips dillers in many important
respects, and is undoubtedly distinct. Thus the Alaskan form has tlit*
l>08terior nostrils in short, but conspicuous tubes, the proorbital produced
into a lobe which conceals all of the maxilary except the extreme tip, and
the dorsal tin with 8 or 9 s[)iues and 18 to 20 se^t rays. {il^iXeao, to lovc;
viil>, snow, viitrco, to wash.)

Cottus philonips* Kioenmann & Kioenmanx, Aiiut. Nat., xxvi, 90:», 1892, Kicking Horse
River, Field, British Columbia; Kujkn.mann \- Eigenmann, Bull. U. S. Fish Cotmn.
1894, 118; (JiLnKUT &. EviiKMANN, Uiill. U. S. Vish (^oiiiiu. 1894, 204, iu part, iacludc-t
Coitus hddinijii.

23a2. <;OTTUS AXX.E, Jordan & Starks.

Head U to 3i; depth 5. D. VII or VIII, 17 or 18; A. 12; eye 5 in he.id ;
maxillary 3|; highest dorsal 3.V; highest soft ray 2; pectoral 1; ventiai
\'j,\ caudal 1^^, Body ehmgate, not much compressed; caudal peduncJo
Avide, wider than length of snout. Head small, broadly rounded anteriorly
as viewed from above, snout blunt as viewed from the side; mouth very
small, without so much lateral cleft as Coitus pMlonipa; the maxillary
reaching to front of pupil; teeth iu moderately wide bands on jaws and
vomer, palatines toothless, or with a few teeth iu a narrow band on front;
interorbital (bone only) equals \ eye; eye smaller than length of snout ;
preopercle with only 1 small blunt spine, below which the edge is entire.

* This species is thus described hy Eigemnaiin & Eigenmann : Head about 3} to 4. 1 ».
VIII or IX, 10 to 18; A. II, 13; V. 1, 4. Tectoral reaching anal or past vent even in lai;;-
est specimens. Anal equidistant from tip of snout and base of caudal or nearer tiji nf
snoHt. Ashy gray with blackish blotchc*. No well-deflned cross bars excepting soim-
times near the tail. Frequently a dusky blotch on anterior part of spiuons dorsal iiml
another near its |)0Ht«rior end ; the tin sometinuis wholly dusky, margined with wliitr.
rcotor.d.-?, .softdorsal, and caudal more or less barred. The types taken in the ioywafcrs
of the Kicking Horae, at Field, liritiali Columbia, with Ooregonut couUeri. (Eigenmauu.)

m.

spiuc iibou'i 1,
vent. C'o)(»i
'M\ hhIoh and
k bats; dorsul
r parts whitf
5 specinicuH, :;
vickiu)]; llorsr
any specimen-
Hid from Lalo-
itli beiuj; 4.1 to
i,ter invest! {fii
\ps with CottiiH

ute for Cottiix

0«/0«M««(IiO(k-

tiiken from ;i
hI is perfectly
of Talelt, near
whether Cottux

of compariHun
[C.microatomiiH
lany important

form has tlit>
bital prodnctMl
^.treme tip, anil
^iXeM, to lovf;

•2, Kicking Horse

U. S. I'Msli Coiniii.

iu part, includes

eye 5 in hend;
oral 1 ; ventral
iiulal pednnelo
tided anteriorly
e; mouth very

the maxillary
ds on jaws iuid
band on front;
ngth of snont ;

edge is entire.

abowt3ito4. H.
vent even in Initi-
al or nearer tii> "t'
8 excepting soiiir-
jinons dorsal iiml

ined with wliit.'.
intheicywntirs

ri. (Eigenmauu.)

Jordan and livcrmann. — Fishes of North Autcrica. 1J)C1

1 ictoral barely reaching front of anal ; spinous dttrsal very low, from \ to
as high as soft dorsal, its ba^e from its tirst spine to lirst ray of soft
dorsal H >" head; dorsals barely merting, not at all connected. Colt>r
li:;ht gray, somewhat mottled; ventrals and aual colorless, other tins
crossed with wavy lines; a soft s])ot on each end of spinous dorsal. Kagle
K'iver, a tributary of Grand River, ( olorado, (Colorado Kiver Hasin. Here
(li scribed from I specimens fnmi 2.1 to ;$.l inches in h-nglh, collected at
(iy|isuni, Colorado, from the Hagle Hiver. It has hitherto been confounded
with Cottua semiscaher, which was taken in abundance at the same ]da<'e
and recorded as " Cottiin bairdii iiunrti latiia." We have compared this spe-
cies with specimens of Cotlua ItelditujU from Birch Creek, Idaho, and with
a ( ((type of Cotti.a philonipa from Field, Hritisji Columbia. It dilVers from
lioih of these iu having the mouth and eyes snniller, and from the Field
spt'cimen iu having a deeper body. (Name for Miss Anna Louise Urown,
III list of the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory.;

Cniiiin annre. JuuUAN i Stakks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. l«i»<!, 2l';i. witli plate, Eagle River,
Gypsum, Colorado. (Coll. Jordan, Everiiiaun, t'osler &- Davis. Types, Nos. 1^105,
IMS, KtOU, ami 1310, L. S. Jr. Univ. JIus.)

2»3». COTTl'S NPI LOTUS (Cope).*

This species is thus described: " 1). \TII, 17; A. 18; V. I, 'l;IMr»; braii-
I liiostegals 6. Entering ihi- section wit!i 5 ventral rays, and witli an
elongate body, resembling apparently the bairdii, excejtt in its short and
Ulteriorly situated ventral tins. In uilsonii the eye is smaller, and fnmtal
width greater; the pectoral rays are branched, in the present species siui-
|tlc. In Hc/(«/'rf80HU the vent is said to be the metliiin point of distance
from the muzzle to th«» caudal tin; here it is n.ncli neanT the muzzle. In
voijiiatua we are informed that the anal tin has a more posterior po.sition.
Tile length of thti head is eontaini'd .S times pltis 1 orbital diameter from
end of muzzle to base of caudal tin; s.-iid diameter enters 4.1 times length
(if head, ami is ^ greater than int»'roibital w.dth. Tin- head is slightly
contracted laterally, and not so depressed as in C, ahordii, giving the
oil)its le,s8 vertical range. Om- preope^cnla^spilu^. Insertion of pe<'torals
obli(iue, rays undivided, reaching anus and anterior rays of second dorsal;
ventrals below middle of pectoral, insertion in advance of dorsal, exteiid-
iiiji halfway to vent. Width of isthums eijual from border of (closed) pre-
maxillary to opposite himh-r margin of pupil. Dorsal outline low,
lejiuiarly descending to m-ar end of second dorsal. Greatest depth t'liters
."i tinu'8 from end of muzzle to bas«^ of caudal. Lateral line disappears
liet ween middle and end of caudal. First dorsal low, iirst ray f of second,
tliii (I, and fourth : anal begins opposite fourth ray of seconddorsal. Caudal
tin rather small, rays once divided. No trace of palatine teeth. Abov«)
tirown, below yellowish, everywhere densely piinctulated with darker,
cx( ( pt between the vent and anterior to ventral fins; <ioraal, caudal, and
pei loral fins barred; anal yellowish; ba.se o*" caudal iind dorsal spots

" Dr. liean records a flsli from York Factory, Hudson Hay, luider the name Vranidea
iliilniii. Cope, "D. IX, 18; A 12; V. 1,4. (Ino sjieeimen nieasiiriiiK 4 inches without tail,
which in wanting. Vomerine teeth only." (Beau, I'roc. U. t>. Nat. Mua. 1881, 127.)

3030 46

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ItliirkiHli; hirj;'' lah'tiil rouiitl Hputs of the sisiim' (•(•lor HonietiiiieH in 7
or fewer crosB-biirH. Lciijrtli 3 inclics. Hcvcriil HpHcimoiiH from (Jniiid
Wii])i(lH, on tlio (iraiid Ri\<>r, which llowH into Lnk(> Michigan." (CopiM
A litth'-known Bpccice a]>]>arciitl,v cloav to ('olltm hildhiffii. On the ty|Ms
of thiH H])c('i<-8 we have t1u> tollowiu^ notes: It Iihh now no cvith-nt tr( ili
on the pahitincs and the ventral ra.VH are I, 3." The Hkin ia smooth, .inil
tlie jU'eopercnhir spine, althon^li ]>roniinent and directed ii))ward, is imt
hooked. Tlie spots (»n tlu^ body are less sliarply •letined than in ('hiihh
ricci, with whieli .lonhin & (lilberl first hhnititied it. (Jonhin, Cit.
FisIi.N. A., 111.) ((I;r/Aci)r()f, spotted.)

Uranidea xpilota, ('dpe, Troc. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liila. IHC), 182, Grand River at Grand Rapids,
Mich.; JoKUAN A: OlUiKRT, SynopsiH, 954, 1883.

2!ja4. rOTTl'S LKIOI'OJirS, (Jilhort Ar Kverniann.

Head;U; depth .-yA. D. VIl-17; A. 12; IM.S; V.I, 4. Eye4i; snout .!,i;
interorbital width 7^. Lea.st depth of caudal peduncle about e(|U.iIinf,'
length of snout; interorbital 8pac(> very narrow, much less than diiiiiit ti r
of eye; mouth small, nuixillary reaching; vertical from niiddh^ of eve, ,i
wide strij) visible laterally in the closed mouth. Preop(ucular spines
entirely absent, the preopercular margin evenly r(Miuded throu;;iiciiit.
without prominence, and without th(f least trace of a spine. Vomer with
a very narrow band of teeth; palatines naked; skin wholly naked; Lit-
eral line complete. Dorsal fins not joined unless at extreme base; tin.-* all
low, the pectorals barely reaching front of anal under third i'ay of sicdiid
dorsjil, its last ray under fourth from last ray of latter. Free i)orti(in of
caudal pediuicle (liehiud last anal ray) lij in head; portion behind l)nM' of
last dorsal ray 3 in head; neither dorsal nor anal reaching base of cimd.il
when depr(>s8ed. Color in alcohol, head on sides rather finely verniicn-
lated with light and dark; plain whitish below; not coarsely spottrd or
blotched as in C.philonips; dorsal bars indistinct; 2 narrow black lines
downward and backward from <'ye; an c^venly^ convex dark bar at bnsc of
caudal; dorsals, pectorals, and caudal faintly cross- barred. Length iilxint
3ir inches. Upper Little Wood Kiver, Shoshone, Idaho. Closely related to
Cotfns philonips, but remarkably distinguished by the lack of preopcrciilar
spines. (Gilbert & Evermann.) (/Ic/og, smooth ; TrrD/zcr, operclc.)

Vottlt* leiopomits, (llLBERT & Evebmann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comni. 1894, 203, pi. 20. Upper
Little Wood River, Shoshone, Idaho. (Type, No. 45389, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; (-'eiyju',
No. 1151 L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. H. H. Kinsey.)

28:15. COTTUS PBIXCEPS, Cilbert.

Head 3^ to 3;5 in length; depth 5 to 5*. D. VI or VII, 21 to 23, A. Hi to
18; V. I, 4; P. 15. A slender form with small, narrow head, which is iiciiily
(piadx'ate in cro^s section, the opercles and cheeks being subverticai, tlie
greatest width of head but ^ or ^ more than its depth at occiput. Moiitli
small, oblique, the gape slightly curved, the maxillary reaching a vcrti' iil
crossing eye in front of pupil, 2'j to 3 in head. Eye e(iualing snout, I in

' Tliifl is perhaps an error in our notes. The type cnu not now be found in the eellir-
lion at I'liiladelphia.

nni.

Jordan and Evermann. — FirJics of North Ametica, 1063

joiuetiniuH in 7
iiH from (JiiiMil
Kiiii." (Coi.,.!
On till' I.V|ii N
> evident tirih
is sinootli, anil
ii]>w»nl, JH iK.t
than in ('niiiis
(Jordiiii. (at.

at Grand Rapuls,

I' 4;|-; sudiit :!,',;

»lu»ut »M|Ualiiii;

« than diiiiiii'tn

iddlc of eve, a

pt'icnhir wiiiiics

•d throiij;li(iiit.

\ Vomer with

illy nakrd; lat-

w bas*'; tins all

d i'iiy of second

h-rct' i»orti(iii of

bt'hind l)as(' of

l)as(' of" caudal

lincly vcniiicii-

ht'ly spottrd nr

\v black lines

»av at base of

LiMigth aliimt

»scly rt'lnted tn

preoin'icular

rc'lc.)

20a, pi. 20. Upper
it. Mus. ; t'olype,

o 23. A. 1(5 to
hith is nearly
jvertical. tlie
ipnt. Mouth
ing a vertieal
g snout, I' in

id in the (dill' ■

head. TeutI tniall, iinil'oriu, in narrow bandH in the Jawa; vomer witii a
narrow patch; palatines Hinooth. Kyt>s Hiiiall, Neparatod by a narrow, Hat
JuiorHpaco, aH wide an pujii!. Margin of pn)0])er(de »<vonly roiindod, with-
nut dt'vriopt'd Mpihu, a minute spiiiouH point HonictimcH oci'n))ying the
|ii.sition of the ii|t]Mr jiriiopcicular Njduc; opordo without Hpino; tubes
; lid jtort'H of liead extraordinarily developed. A weries of (> very large
{II ire.s across cheek and on lower edge <»f preoritital; a large median pore
a I .sym|diyMi>4, and a series of 7 occupying each ramus and extending o!it«»
edg*^ of ]ireo|)ercle; similar sonu'what smaller por(>s form the supraorbital
series. ItranchiostegalH t>. (iill membranes broadly uiiitetl to the isthmus,
uilhont free fold; no jtore behiixl last gill. Dorsal and anal lins very
Img and low, the dorsal spines very sleiub'r, the iu>teh shallow between
sjiiiious an<l soft portions; pectorals rea<'liiug beyond front of amil ; ven-
tials usually to vent. About ij of our specimens have the back and sides
((Uiipletely invested with minute close-set jnickles, the bead and belly
and a narrow area along base of anal naked; (vandal peduncle also naked
ill varying degree. In the remaining third (itossibly males) the body is
smooth exce])t for a ])ostaxial band of jirickles, and in 1 sjtecimen these
arc absent, leaving the body entirely naked. Lateral line variously in-
complete, interrupted at some point under ]tost<^rior half of second dorsal.
Color light olive with darker markings, whi<di may, on the head, take the
loriii of vermiculating lines; 7 quiidrate dark blotches along base of dorsal
liu, the first and third usually narrower than the others, an eighth on back
ol' caudal peduncle; very distinctly marked individuals sliow a series of
blotches along middle of sides, which may be connected with the dorsal
Belies by broad dusky bars; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral \vith faint bars;
veutrals and anal uumarked. We subjoin table ol liu rays in 12 speci-
mens:

Specimens .

Dorsal
sjiines.

Dorsal rnys.

I

VI. VII.

'21.

22.

23.

16.

Anal.

17. ; 18.

Tectornl.

14.

15.

U

Numerous specimens were obtained in shallow water along the shore of
Upper Klamath Lake on a bottom of tine sediment and vegetable dt'-bris.
This ditt'crs widely from any other species of I'oltna in the very narrow ,
slender form, the long fins, and ospecjially in the extreme development of
tbo mucous tubes and pores. Klamath Lakes, Oregon. (Gilbert.) {prin-
ceps, chief. )

Cdlfufi princeps, Gu.bert, Ball. T. S. Fi.sli Comin. 1897, 12, flgiiro, Upper Klamath Lake,
Oregon. (Type, Xo. 48227. Coll. Gilbert, Cramer, and Ota'd.)

730. URANIDEA, De Kay.

I'tnnidea, De Kay. New York Fanna: Fi.shc», 61, 1842 (qmetcent^^graeilin) .

This genus is very close to Coitus, from which it differs in the reduction
ol' its ventrals to a concealed spine and 3 soft rays, a stey* further in the
deg(Mieration charai'teristic of fresh-water types. The skin is smooth, or

iLj?:ii^i*ri':> ■>■•-,- w^^^

^■»■rF»f^.^

■' (

r

19«4 liulli'tin /7, UniUd States Nathmxl Museum,

vfiy nearly mo, tli<< prcMipt'ioiilar Npiiii'H hiiiuII, niitl tluM'o Ih iisiiaUy itotrari
ol' tfi til on til*' p.-ilatiiH-H. Colil HtruaiiiH aii<l HpriiiKs <•!' \\w Uuitml Stales
tViiiii Now Kii;r|aiHl aiitl thu (Sri'iit L.iUvh tu the I'acitit- CoiUit. (uu/JcrriK.
sky; n'iioi', 1 looked; /. e. Htarjja/t'i'.)

<i. ruliitiiitts with It'l'tli.

b. Doi'Hiil VIIL, 10; )ii't'<ip<'i'<'lt> arinctl willi 4 N|tin<'H, tlic liiii^i'sl iiIhmiI 'J in r\r
luilHt <lu|>tli orriiuili'l |M'<|iiiii'li' 12 ill Ii'IikIIi of iiiiily. IIKNDIKKI, 'j:i:;ii.

III). DorHiil VI, ID; |ir)'o|i.<r<'l(< \vi(ii a MiiiKlo HJiort Hjiiiiu; li-axt ili'|)tli ol' ruiicl.il
|iv(liiiii'lo K,^ in IciiKtli of lioily. (ikkunei, :::!;?.

u». PalaliiiuH t)H)tlili<HH.

0. Anal ruyn 14 or 15; doiwal h|iIih'h 7 or 8.

({. l'rco|i('i'('ular N|iino HJiort. bluntiHli; lirstilorHal dark, will, |ialo margin

MAltiiiNATA,j:i:;h.
(III. I'l't'opt't'ciilar H|iino wt>ll (Icvidoped, broad, i'iiUhm' Hliarp, eiirvvd u|i\viMil.

TKNL'18, •.':;:;'.i.
ec. Anal rayH 1'^ or 11.

f. I'rt<o|)('r('iilar Hpino ciirvtMl ii|i\viii'd more or 1u8H al>riii>tly.

/. Head larpi. about IIJ in loii^'tli.

</. Moutb Hinall, the maxillary barely I'ent'liinj; past front of fy,

pi'Ctoral.s Hliort, not rt'aciii;ii;anal: itrcoperciilarHiiinc sIkhi

luKiked abraptly upward, body very robuHt.

FltANKUNI, 'J'ild.

<j(j. Aloutli laruor, tlio maxillary ri'acliiuK middle «f oyo; pocIhimIh
usually roacliiM^ past front of anal; prt>o)ii)ruular h|>Iiii'
stontisli, little hooked.
h. First dorsal nearly an high as noeond ; anal prickly.

Kr.Mi,ii:r.ii, j;ii.
hh. First dorsal niueli lower than st>eond; axil not ]irii'My.
so far as known; pectorals variable, usually loii^.

ClKACIU.x, .MC.'.

ff. Head snnill. 4J in len$;th. koioiosa. J ;i;i.

n: Preopereular sjiine sliarp, nearly straiftbt, direete<l backward r;itliri

farther than upward ; head naiTowed forward. hoyi. '-':;i4.

28S0. IHAMUKA KK.MHUKI (Itean).

Biau(lii(.8tr|rals «!; D. VIII, 16; A. 12; V. I, 3; l\ 15; C. 15. The hiiulli
«>f the typo is 2.7 inches (G"J mm.) to the hjise of the caudal. The }>reiite.st
height of the body at the origin of the dovHal equals its greatest width
over the base of the pectorals, and is coutained nearly 4 times in its leiiuth
without caudal. The least height of the tail is ,V of the length without
caudal. The length of the middle caudal rays is contained il tinio in
the length of the body. Width of the month equals i the length oi' tlic
head. The maxillary extends a little behind the fr<»nt margin of the eye.
The snout is as long as the eye. The distance between the eyes is 1( ss
than their diameter, and is contained 5 times in the length of the luiiil;
the diameter of the eye 4 times. The length of the lower jaw e(|iials I
the length of head. Preoperculum armed with 4 spines, the largest .it
the angle, and is about i as long as the eye; the 3 anterior ones are very
small and hidden by the skin. The distance of the spinous d^^rsal tioni
the snout is ^ of the length of the body; the length of the lo igest sjiiuo
of the first dorsal is ab<mt i of that of the head and about § of the lonu< st
dorsal ray. The longest dorsal and anal rays are equal. The lengtli nf
the anal base almost equals the length of the head. The length of the

-iSiEKiSfc'tt

(m.

Jordan and I'A'Ctntann. — luslics of North America. IflCW

Hiiully no trai I
UuitiHl Stales

it. (OU/JttKlK,

iiImiiiI 'J ill i'\(

HKMiiiiKi, 'j:i::ri.
«lf|i)li ol ruiiii.ij

<ii(i;KNiii, L';!;7.

MAU(llNATA,J.i:;H.

, ciirvoil ii|iw{iiil.
TKNfis, 'j:;:;'.!.

(list front (il CM .
ciiliirH]iiiic NJiiMi
t.

KllANKUNI,'j:;ill
of oyu; JltM'liPlMJs

•coiMireiilur s|iiiii-

ml prickly.

KIMMKNII, Jill.
lixil IKil. luickly,

iiaiially loii:;.

GKACII,!.-*. JlilL'.

FoHMo.x.v, J ;i:;.
>ackwiir(l r:iili,r
IIOYI. '-'-U.

'I'lio Icii.ulli

The j'Tejitc.Ht

reatest width

in itslt!Il^tll

ij^th witlioiit

4.i tiiiic- ill

eiif^th oi' tilt'

.11 o(" tlic eye.

e eyes is los

»f the hiail;

iiw eijuals 1

le largest .it

Hies are very

<l"rsal I'lom

o.igest 8i>iiio

f the lon,i:i st

'he leiifitli I if

iiigth t'f llio

htiroiul (loi'Hal lisiHo JH a little ginator than the length uf the li»a«l. Tlin
pt^etoralH reaeli to the ori<{iii of tlio anal; veiitrals «lo not reach to the
vi'iit. Voiiierinu and palatine teeth iiioseiit. Skin Hinooth. Color iini-
lotin (lark In-own ahove, lighter on the throat and helly. (Itean.) KaHtern
i)re);on anil not-lhe;'n lilalio, in the (!olnnil>ia KaHJii. ("I take pleaHiire in
iliMliealin^ tliJH Hpeeies to Capt. (.'harloH K. Hendire, an exeeHent cullector
and oltHerver, who ha.s contrilnitetl ho nuu-h to the .MiiHeiim.")

I'llaiiiocDlluii hi-iiiliii'i. liKA.N. riDC. r.S. Nal. Mii«. IHHl, i!7, Walla Walla, WashinKton.

('I\v|>e, No. 1!4HHI. (Nill. ( 'ii|tl. (;iiu.>*. r.<u«lirt'.)
/ niniiha hfinlirei,,\i>ui>.\S \. (ilLULJlT, Syuopslr*, ODIi, IHH;i,

Xn. l'UAMI>i:,V (JKKKN'KI, (WIImmI \ Ciilv.'r, now hixcIoh.

h

Ih; depth I.J

d:

I'Idtal

ont If'l ; interorl
width (boiut only) !*; caudal pedniiele very deep, itH luaHt du])th 'Jh in
head. Dorsal VI, li); anul V2; pectoral II or lo, ventral l,'.\. Head broad
with rounded itrolile, viewed IVoni above, the Hnont and interorbital re;rion
slightly convex, the oecipnt Hat «)r Hlightly concave. Month large, hoii-
xoiital, thi^ maxillary extending as tar hack -a vertical from center of
pupil, 2}f '\u head. Vomer and palatineu with broad baiidH of teeth. A
.single proopercnlar Hpine, rather Hhort, ilirocted Homewhat (d>lii|nely
upward. Lateral hue incow}dete, ending nnder tifteenth ray of Hecotxl
(liifHal; a umall pat<-h of ]>rickh>H behind the axil, and a f<!W along bane of
Hi'cond dorsal. Spinons dorHul high, its longest Hpine exceeding length
of snont, 12^ in head; longeut ray of second dorual about 2 in head; last
dorsal npine joined by ineinbrane to base of tirst Hoft ray; last dornal rays
reaching with their tipn to baH(^ of caudal ; pectoraln rea<-hing to or beyontl
Vertical from lirut ana! ray; pectoral rays all nnbranched; ventrals not
i|iiite rea«-hing veut. Olive brown above and on sides, light below; 2 short
dark bars nnder spinons dorsal, both, or the hinder one only, continned
upward to form a black blotch <mi the tin; a conspicuons dark bar nnder
anterior, and 1 under ]»osterior third of second dorsal, with a shorter
fainter one midway between them; a vertical bar at base of caudal ; area
lielow lateral lino with a series of 6 or 7 vertically oblong dark blotches,
more or less di.stinctly continent at the upper limit, to form a wavy streak,
which is also joined by the darker markings of the back ; a bhukish streak
at I»a8»» of ]»ectoral; second dorsal, caudal, and pe<;torals rather bro.adly
cro.ss- barred with dusky; ventrals and anal colorless. Length 58 nun.
This species is characterized by its short spinons dorsal and its \ory deep
caudal podnnch^. Snake River Hasin, Idaho; only th<' type known. Type
Iiicality, Thousand Springs, Snake River, Idaho, in'ar month of Salmon Fall
h'iver. Collected by C. H. (Jilbert, C. W. tJreene, and K. Otaki, Angnst J),
isiil. ("Named for Prof. Charles Wilson Greene, of Stanford University,
to whose energy was due much of the succi'ss of the exp<^dition.")

9U». IIKAMDKA NAROIXATA, Bean.

Hranchioi^tegals 6; 1). VII or VIII, 18 or 19; A. 14 or 15; V. 1, 3; P. 13 or
11 ; C. 14 or 15. Head broad, slightly depres.m'd, its greatest length «'on-
tained a little more than 3 times in length of body without caudal (4

m

^v.

I

m

IIMIO

lUdh't'ni /7, United Stales Nitional Museum,

tiiiicH ill (iitiil l<iij;tli); <liNtaiH'f fnmi tij* of Hiioiif to eye ('i|imlH Icnjjtli ni
i-vi-, wliii'li is I ill lii'iiil. Voiiirriiir tn'th prrsiiit; noni- on i\w |ialjitiiii .s
Itddy Htoiit iiiilt'iiorly, iiioilrriitt-ly coiiipn-sHod poHteriorly, \iw liciylit at
orifrin oftiiNt durHitl t>i|iitil to its widtli at tlir saiiiu pliuti-, aiul rontiiiiiiil
W tiiiii'H ill Itfiigtii (if lioily witlioiit raiidal; tlio IciHt witltli of tli*< taiidnl
|Mtdiiii<'l«< It'HH iban \ itH liri^rjit. TIk' distamo ItciwctMi tlin cyt's iM|iijiiis
of tlit'ir loii^ diaiiii-ter. Tlio maxilla ttxtciidH to tiio vertical throii^li tin
rod of tlif aiit«'rior tliird of tlir orliit. Tim |ir<'o|)rrciiliiiii lias a slioil.
hroad, ralluT Idinit spiiir at its ati^lc and a iiinidi suiallur on*> on its Ioxmi
liiiih; liotwi'cn tlo'Htt 2 till- margin in Homo Hpccimiiis Ih (rrtniiilatcd, hoiik
times formiiijL; un additional idiint Hpin*>. 'I'lio proo]i('i(Milar Hpinos ar<> nil
liiddrn iindi r tlio Hkir Tlic diNtancr of tin- lirst dorsal from the snout is
containrd 2:i tiim-s in lon^tli of liody without c^iiidal; itH lon^t-st spiin* i^
,.\ aM loii^ as tilt) lioad; tli«^ lun((tli oi*itH ItaHo is rontainrd 5 tinioH in Ifn^tii
of Itody without caudal, tl tiint^s in total h«n^tli ; tliu length of the hccihhI
doi'Hal liaso ia <^ of total Icii^^th. 'I'hu lt'ii;;tli of the nnal haHi- is \ of lon;;i|i
without raiidal. Tln^ htii^fli of tho ventral is contained from (ItotU tiiins
in the total length. Tlio hMi^th of the i»ectoial is \ of lungth of hody
without candal. The colors have faded, hut the ground cidor seeiiiB to Ih'
]dumh«ouH, with oecasionjii Idotches of darker; tho tins are more or less
distinctly ]iiinctiilated; the tirnt dorsal is darker than the body and ii:is
a distinct white margin. (Mean.) Kastern Oregon, in the Columbia Ki\( r
l)asin. Well distinguished from related species by its long anal,
(jilbort &i Kvermann have the f»dl«»wing notes on this species:

Six small s| imens from Mill Creek at Walla Walla (tho tyjx^ lociiliiy

of mtirtihnttiis) agree with Mean's descri])tion an<l diller from all otlur
western sp«!cimens of CotliiH which we have seen, in having but 3 softr;iys
in the ventral lins. So far as can be ascertained fror.i onr very imniatmv
specimens, niaiiiiuahin strongly resembles pirphxus, with which it agrees
in tin rays, naked skin, the incom])lete lateral line, and the absence of the
palatine teeth. Coitus pcrjilcnis has constantly 4 soft rays in the ventrnl
tins, and other ditferences may appear when compared with adnlt speci-
mens. In onr sitecimens of marfiiiialiis, the anus varies in ])08ition, beiii<;
sometimes nearer base of caudal tin than snout, sometimes nearer siioiil.
Twenty-two small sjtecimens, collected by Moan «.V: Woolman at Sand Point,
Idaho, are for the present referred to this species, thongh wo are not cer-
tain that this idontilication is correct. The ventrals seem to 1)0 I, 13; but
the body is more or less covtTod with pfiekles. {mtirf/inuhia, edged.)

Crnitidin marginata, IJean, I'roc. V. S. Niit. AIiih. IHHl, 2fi, Walla Walla. (Coll. Cn\>i.

Charles E. liendiri'.)
Gottiti marginatus, (Umikut \ Evermann, Hull. U. S. Fish (.'(iinni. 1«'J4, 204.

8889. III(AMI>I:A TKNUIS, Kvormaiin & Meek.

Head 31 ; depth 7 ; eye 4^ in head; snout 4 ; V. 1, 3. D. VI-I, 17; A. V>;
vomer with teeth; ]>alatines toothless. Head long, contracted from eyes
forward ; snout rather long; body much compressed, very slender, greatest
width of candal jteduncle 2i in eye; least depth of same slightly greater

in '

:i:^:^'^<^i^.^-irt^l^ilii"::\'^■^y■''.■.•.:J^{■^litiiL::iUM^^fi.'^A^

Jordan and liverniann, — Fis/ws of North America. 11M57

tliiin eye; |)r(>o|M>rouliir Hpino wull «l«)vtl()|te«l, bmnd, riiMier Hhiirp, piirtly
covered by Nkiii, iMirvtMl upward; Itt^low thiH '1 otlitir Mpiiius, the uiiterinr
iiiui blunt, tlio other Hliarp, diritott-d towiird low*>r bime of pttctonil; pcmt-
toiuporal Hidne wt^ll duvidupod. Hudy Huiooth, wholly withotit prirklcH or
HiaUis; lateral line couipl<!t«ex<-uptou caudal ]iudun<'lt>. Color iliiik aliuve
iind on upper !{ of Hi*l«-N, jiale beluw; durHal tiiiN bairt^d with Horiim of dark
ilcitH or ItlotcheH; caudal Hiniilnrly nuirked but lather darker; anal liH;ht
v\ it!> a few dark blotch. 'h; pcctoi jiIh Name aH caudal ; ventraiN plain ; under
Mdc of head prol'uai'ly covered with HUiall round black npockH; luucit'erouK
jKircH on heiid well developed. Klanuith liakoH, Oregon. lteHid«>H the
H|iecinien tlcHcribed aliove we have 2 otherH of the Name Niender Ntyle from
Pelican liny, Up])or Klamath Lake, and inany others from the lake near
Klamath Falls, the majority of which are mu<-h Huialler and Icnh slender,
iho slender oneH are a]>)mrently entirely smooth; a ripe fenuile M ineheH
liiu^ haa a few prickles on anterior jtart of i>ody, while all the Hiualler (uies
are pretty well covered with huuiII pricklcH. (Evernuiiin iV Meek.) (tviiiii»,
slender.)

I raniden tvmiix, Kvkhmann A Mekk, Mall. TT. S. FIhIi (Jiinan. IHOT, K\, tlR. fl, Upper
Klamath Lake, Klamath Palls, Oregon, ('rypo, No. 4H:!J9 Coll. Movk \- Aloxuudur.)

12840. UllAMItKA KltANKLIM (AKnssiz).

Head :U; depth IJ. D. VIII, 17; A. 12; V. I, W. Hody rather short and
Htout; snout not very obtu8t«; maxillary reaching about to pupil; eye 4 in
iit'a<l, twi<;e the interorbital space; preoperculjir sjiine hook-like, very
Mcute; paired tins rather short, the pe(;toraIs not reaching v(mt; lirst
dorsal nearly as hi^h asBeeond; dorsalH conti^^uous; anal inserted under
fourth ray of second d(U'sal; caiulal 0 m length; lateral line incomplete;
vent nearer base of caudal than tip of snout. Length H inches. Lake
Superior, ((iirard.) Perhaps not distinct from Coitus t/radlia. (Named
tor Sir .lohu Franklin, the Arctic explorer.)

Vdttiis frnnklini, AoAssiz, Lakii Superior, 30;j, 18r)0, north and east shores of Lake
Superior (Coll. •rHiiiCH Hall anil Lonin Akiihsiz) , (intAKit, Moiio(;rai>li CottciilM, 53, 1851.
I'lanidea franklini, Jokuan & Oilbeut, SynopHia, U54, 188X

la. (Coll. ('n|ii.

2341. URAMDKA KUNLIKMI, Hoy.

I). VI, 17; A. 12; P. 14; V. 1, 3. Hody sh'uder and elongated, its depth 6
times in length. Head large and huig, 3^ in length of body, its width a
litth- more than } its length, its depth a little less. Eye large, 3^ in head,
iilmut equal to snout, more than twice interorbital space. Base of pecto-
r;iis crescentic, the tin ab(Mit as huig as head ; the lower rays rapidly short-
ened, reaching second or third dorsal ray, and fallin[r just short of anal,
toiirth and fifth rays longest. Vent ciiuidistant between base of caudal
aiirl front of eye. Mouth pretty wide andobliqiu', the maxillary reaching
t(i middle of eye; lower jaw projecting. No palatine teeth. Preopercular
s|iine large, directed upward and backward, not strongly h«>oked. First
liiirsal rather high, {j the height of the second, the second spine longest
iuid tilauieutous, the 2 tins conm^cted by a membrane. Caudal peduncle

HMW Hill Id in /7. nnilt(i Siatcs Naiional flfn^ntm.

Itu

m

l\v:\

1$

!>•

J

-If

«•

1 '

itj,

!

Hlt'iulnr. CiiikIiiI tin iiiirrnw, nmrn tliiin } Irngth of liniul. Hocoiitl dorNiil
mill anal liigli. LaU'ral lino tlisapitcai'ln^ iiikIoi' iiiitltllu of ndooimI <!nrNiil.
Color olilit««rut('(l, trtu^'H of a lilat^k Hjtot on spiiiouH dttrHal. lit'ii^tli •>!'
N|HM'iiiitMi ;{ inrhi'N. OniMtl' hr. lloy'H typoN, in very bail (Minditioii, f\niii
iiMMl by nH. It hiiH yirown Hoft in wt'ak alrobol, and Uh reiiiaikablu sh>n
ilornoHM of body ih perhaps, in part at ItMtNt, dne to thin furt. i.aK>'
Mi<-lii(;an, in doop water, (Nuniud for A. I.. Knndit>n, tbo ornitludo^^ist. )

fraiiitba kinnli<iiii. lIoY. NkImihi. Hull. IIIh. Mum. Nut. lllHt., Vol. I, No. 1, 187(1, il, Lake
Michigan (Coll. Dr. Hoy) ; .J.iuda.n, I'm . Ac. Nat. Sil. riiilu. 1877, 04.

2:Ue. riaMDK.l (ilUCIMSdleckcl).

llvad 3J; d«pth 5. D. VIII, Hi; A. 12. Hody ratbor Hbmder, fnHlfonn;
prooptM'cidar spino niodtMutts con<'«alfld. Montb ratbor largu, tbo nnixii-
lary rtMiciiiu;; to tbu inipil; ))i'ctorals roaobinj; front of aual; vontr.iN
abont to voiit. ('olor oliva<'«'ons, niottli'd, iipprr edgo of spinons dorsal
red in lilti. Stroania of N«)W Kii};land and Ni'W York, recorded from tribii-
tarieH of tbe Connuiticnt, Lake ('bani]>lain, Ilndaon, Delaware, and Sns-
qnidianna; (common; probably u variable form, invlndinf; several of |ii.
Girard'H nominal species, an Dr. W. O. Ayres vigorously iDHistud in IKIT),
before tb«« latter bad bern deHcribed. {{iraoilis, sleinler.)

Oiithii pracilit, IIkckki-, Ann, AVicn Mas., n, IHllO, 148, New York.

Ciittii* ijobio, Ayhks, llosl.-lour. Nat. HiHt, V, 184.^ 121.

Uraniiiea qmetcenn, 1)E Kay, New York Faunu; FInIh-h, 01, 1842, Lake Pleasant, Adiron
dack region, New York.

CottuM viteoius,* Haldkman, .Supiil. Monjir. liininoa, 3, 1840, Susquehanna River (Coll.
S. S. Ilalilcmnn); Oikakd, .Monouraiih Cottoids, 51, 1851.

Ootliis gohioideit,\ (IniAKi), I'roc. Anicr. Ashoc. Adv. Sci. 1850, 41, auil I, c, 66, Lamoille
River, Johnson, Vermont (Coll. Uansoni Colbert)).)

Oottuaholeoidex,* (iiKAHi), I'ror. Amor. Ashoc, Adv. Sci. 1350, 41, nnd I.e., 60, Windsor, Ver-
mont (Coll. Ed. Cabot) ; (il'NTllEU, Cat., n, l.'iO, 1««0.

CottuM copei, AiiuoTT, Troc. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liilu. 1801, 15, uoloculity glvou, probably New
Jersey.

CotHi» urai'iUn, Oirard, Monograph Cottoids, 40,1851.

Vranidea iimnlit, .Jordan & Gii.HKRr, .Synopsis, 099.

Uranidea viucota. JoHnAN iV (in.iiKUT, SynopHiH, 098.

Vranidva <it>bioide», .Torhan &• (lU.itEUT, SynojJHiH, 009.

Uranidea boleoidin, Jordan &, tin.UEUT, SyuopHis, 099.

tiioFHui low, HDt^nuy connecii'a wiin Heconii ; pucioraiH Hiiortor than licau, rcncliuiK hcc
i dorHnl. Color olivaccouH, variccat«id, tlic HpinouH dorsal edged with orango in lilr
I mostly barred. Eastern Pennsylvania and Alaryland, in tributuricu of the Schuylkill
iiiuelianna, and I'otonuu^ rivers; uot rare, entering caves.

* CotttiM risconig is thus rharaeteri/.ed :

Head 3i in Imigtb ; dejilli43. 1). VI, 18: A. 12; V. I, 3. Body rather stoat; mnconsponn
on head usually numerous. 2^[outh small; nnixillary reaching middle of eye; preoitercn
lar snine acute, extremely short, directed obliquely upward; iHthmus rather narrow;
tirst dorsal low, slightly connected with seccnid ; pectorals shorter than head, reaching sei
ond ( .... .

flns 1
Susui

t Vottua ijohioidet is thus described :

Heml aj: dei)th 4|. 1). VII, 17; A. 12. Similar to Uranidea fjradllt, but larger ..i.d
more robust, the mouth larger, reaching to beyond the line of the puj)!!, and tht^ pectorals
Hhiirt, not (iiiite reaching aual; preopercularspine stout, curved Huddeuly upward. Leugtii
4 inches. Tributaries of Lake Cha'Mplaiu. (Girard.)

tOotlu* boleoider is thus cbaracteri/ed :

Head»^; deptl. 5A. 1). VIII 17; A. 11. Slender, snbfnsifonn. Month rathflr larjjo.
the maxillary extendingto opposite the jiupil ; preopereiilar spine acute, directed oblii|iHly
upwards; isthmus narrow. Fins larger than in any other 8])ecies; pectorals reaching;
fourth ray uf auaJ. Luugth 3^ iuckus. Couuecticut Valley iu Venaont. (Girard.)

Jordan and /Cvrrniann, — Fishes of North America. IIHM)

Ultl-I. IIUIVIIIKA FOItMOSA (Oiraril).

lioad >i- l>. VIII-ir>; A. 11; V. I,:i. Itotly HUMidor mid Krnnful; hnid
siiiall, drpruHHi'd a.itve; *«yi« iiindorittis prropi'rnilur Hpiau Hhort, Htoiit,
:ii;iiti>, <'iirvud iipvviinl, a Htiiall Hpiii» Im-Iow it; Hiiliopi-rciilar Hpinu well
ili-vi'lopud. HoihuIh \sv\\ Huparati>d; anal iM'jriiuiinjt iiud<T third ray of
-lift dorsal; piitoralH not nachiii^ to poHterior iiiurj^ln of HpinoiiH dornal;
\>iitralH not nttarly to vent. lien^tli ^i iiichcH. Deep water in l.ako
Ontario, ((tirard.) A doiibtrnl HpocirH, known only iVoin I nuitilattMl
H|ieciai<-n, tin- head Nliortrr than in Vr(tu'uUa ijrmiVxt. (j'ormimuit, pretty.)

t'oltu» formoimt, Oiiiaud, MotioK-nph (.'ottiiiilf*, TiS, 185U, Lake Ontario off Oswego, in

Mouuu-Aiuf hota iiniriiloiia. (Coll. S. I' liiiinl.)
I ranidea /onnosa, Jouuan A (iiuiKUT. Synoimix, U5S.

2»tl. rRAMDKA IIUVI, Putnam.

1). VT, 15; A. 11; V. !,:<; ('.12; the llrHt dorsal low and Hmal!, J as hmj;
i\n Hot't part, and ronnected to it by nicnibran*-. Fins all low. (iloy.)
I'xMly sniail, rather Hhort and tbiek, the depth ubont 6^ in leuf^th. Head
',)\ in lon^rtb to base of candal. Eyes lar^re, hijrh up, and elose tognther,
;iliout e(|util to Bnoiit, :<ii iu bead, 3 tinius thu interorhital space. Mead
rather narrow anil contracted; the lower jaw narrowed and Hliphtly pro-
jecting. No palatine teeth; maxillary reaching anteri(»r border of eye,
or a little beyond. I'reopt-rcular Hpine prominent, sharp, very nearly
straight, directed backward, bnt not strongly upward, its form and »lirec-
tion ])eculiar in this genns. lielow this is another shar)*, promin<-ut spine,
also nearly straight, directed partly downward; one or 2 minute cou-
n iiled spines still lower. Isthmus well developed. IN-ctoral lins long,
longer than heatl, r(>aching beginning of anal; ventral tins long, reach-
in;^ almost to vent. Vent midway between snout and base of caudal, in
the fennile farther back, owing to the distended abdomen. Ventral rays
I. ;< (ou one side of oaidi spocinn'U apparently I, 4 ; perhaps a soft ray has
Itccn split). Color nearly obliterated. Lower ])arts jirofusely punctate.
Length of specimens 2,\ inches. Lake Michigan in deep water. Female
s|i('('imen taken 12 miles olV It'acine, Wisconsin, in 12 fathoms, ,lnne 4, 1^<7.5,
liy Dr. Hoy; tln^ male off Milwaukee, .linio l.'>. The specimens are now in
li.iil condition from rough handling. The female is distended with ripe
cl;i,'s, so that the width of the body is ^ the total length. This species
seems to be quite distinct from all those described by (Jirard. The pecul-
iar characters are the number and form of the preopercular spines, the
lontracted mouth, the large eyes, the small size of the body, and the
length of the ventral tins. The characters first mentioned are the most
striking. (Named for Dr. I'hilo R. Hoy, of Racine.)

Umnidea hoyi (Putnam MS.) Xei-son; Bull. Ill«. Mas. Nut. Hist., Vol. I, No. 1, 1876. 41,
Lake Michigan (Coll. Pliilo R. Hoy) ; .loimAN, Man. V<;rt., 244, 1870; JouuAN \ VaA'V.-
LAND, JJuU. Butr. Soc. Nat. Hci. 1876, 41 ; JoBUAN, I'loc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbiln. 1877, 63 ; Jou.
DAN Sc Gilbert, Synopsis, 700, 1883.

^K^S-'

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1970 Didlethi ^7, United States National Museum.

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731. MYOXOCEPHALUS (Stellor) TilcHiuf;.

(GRKAT SCIILPINS.)

Myiixtieephnlus, Stklleu I<IS. 1741.

Myuxoci'phnlui, Tilesius, Mom. Acad. Scl. VoterHb., IV, iSll, 273 («<«Hm).
Acant'xicottKfi, (iIKAKD, I'roc. liost. Soi^Nat. Hist., ill, 1841), 18.> {grcenlamUcut).
Coitus, IM'TNAM, Hull. Man. Coni|). Zoul., 1, No. 1, '.', 18«;i (tconiius).
jioieneothii, Oiix, Vrw. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. IS.W, 100 {axillaris).

Hody slender or robust, Hubfnsiforin, covered with thick skin, in wLidi
are soinetimcti einl>edded prickly plates; deciduous, gninular, or siellattt
tnlierclcs i.l«o somctimos present, but no true scales. Head lar^e. Moutli
terminal, large, the 'ower Jaw always incIndtHl, the uppermost the longci :
villiform teeth on the Jiiwa and vomer, none on the palatines; snborbital
stay strong; prcopercle with 2 strong straight spines above directed back
\var<l, and 1 below directed downward and forward; opercle, nasal bonos,
orbital rim, and shoulder girdle more or less armed; gill membranes t'orm-
ing a fold across the rather narrow isthnuis; slit behind last gill small or
wanting, if present, reduced to a mere pore; vertobrai about 28. Bran-
chiostcgals mostly 6. Dorsal iins 2, separate, the first short, its spines
rather slender; ventral rays I, 3; caudal fin n>oderate, fan-shaped; pec-
toral fin broad, its low<»r rays procurrent. Lateral line well developed, lis
tubes sometimes provided with bony or cartilaginous plates, never chain
like nor reduced to separated pores. Species numerous, in the seas of
northern regions; coarse fishes, little valued as food, (jiivo^ds the doi-
mouco; «e0aAr), head ; the allusion not evident).

ACANTHOCOTTUS (oKOVflo, Bpilie ; KOTTOS, OottUS) :

a. Top of head covered with thin, Binooth skill, havinsc a very few warty prominences
or none, and not hiding the bony occipital ridges; lateral line cuntinuona, willi
concealed cartilaginocs ,ilatus; Atlantic speeie.s.
h. Lateral line with regularly arranged, small bony-keeled plates, most distinct
anteriorly; no stellate tubercles; a small cirrus above eye. D. VIII, \'l;
A. 9. B'JBALis, 2.345.

t)h. Lateral line unarmed or with concealed cartilaginous plates or with prickles
which are not keeled or are not regularly arranged,
c. Anal tin very f hort, of 10 or 11 rays only ; dor.sal rays IX, 13 or 14; upper
preopercular spine short, sharp, nearly twice the length of the next ;
third spine directed downward ; no slit behind latit gill, ^gnecs, 2;i46.
cc. Anal iin of 12 to 14 rays.

(I. Tipper preopercular spine moderate, about as long as eye, and about
twice length of next spine.
e. Last gill arch without slit or pore. D. X, 17 ; A. 12.

scoBPioroKS, 2,147.

ee. Last gill arch with a emiall slit or pore behind it. U. X, 17:

A. 14.

/. Intisrorbital space narrow, Ig in eye in adult; spinous dor-

fjal low, the longest spine 8 in body. scokpius, 2n4r'.

ff. Interorbital spuce broader, as wide as eye; spinous dorsul

higher, the longest spine 6 to 7 in body.

GHtENLANDICUS, 23411.

dd. I'pper preoi)ercular spine very 'ong, longer than eye, recching ti|i
of opercular spine, 4 times length of the spine below it; »
sharp po.stocular spine, and a similar occipital spine; no sill
behind last gill. D. IX, 15 ; A. 14. OOTOUBCIHSPINOSUS, 2350.

*^'JSiifif^.■l>ii'AV^;^Y■^l:;!>^^-,^,■i.*r;;t■vJ;,•^^^

',. •.^»fti'j^:'iS-!<\^ii,

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 1071

s eye, and about

MYOXOCElMIAI-t"':

rirt. Top of heml (covered with siimll warty proiniiinnct'H.

(J. Supraociiliir Hi)ine with '1 or 3 <1i verging (li){itiitc ridgoH lichiiid it; Hkin of top

of lit!!irt tliin, not conocii lint; Aw bony o<'(^i|>itaI rhl){('»; hit(>ral lino i^oiitiii-

IIOI1H; upper preopt>ri-iihir H])iiiit Ioiik; no Hteiiatu phitea on sides bi'low

lateral line; nisal Hpint-s Hliarp; no <virri (jn 'kmuI.

h. DiHtanct) from supnxirbital to occipital ir.:>«ri'ln ai>oiit equal ti spat^o

between supraorbital tubercles; anal rays uHually 12; membrane of

maxillary more or less nioltlcil. i'(ii.ya<}antiio(:i;i'hai,us, 2:ir>l.

hh. Distance from Hupraorbital to occijiital tubcrelc \\ timcH the diHtance

between Huitrao.-bital tubercles; head very long and tlat; dor 'ds

well separated; anal rays unually 14; udult with round rough plates

above; thn.at white; membrane of maxillarv unH]>otted.

.)AnK.2;tr)2.

jrflf. Siipraocidar spine witlioiit digitatt^ sjiincs beliind it; prcopercular spines

Hhort.

i. ^Varts on top of head not endiug in cirri ; nasal spines ,ind (>ccipit;il ridges

not wholly concealed in the thick skin.

j. Skin of sides of back in adult (covered witli round stellate tubercles;

spines of preopercle short, more or less hidden in the skin.

A;. (^''Draocular spine blunt, with a blunt tuliercle heliind it, the

cirri small or obsolete; crests moderate; soft dorsal very

long, of 15 to Jl» rays. VKiiuufosus, 235;i.

kk. Sapraooular s]-inc snuill, l>lunt. without tubercle behind it;

supraocular and occijiital apim.'s eacli with a small tlatcir-

lus; occipital crest.s very low: soft dorsal of 1.5 ot 16 rays.

AXILLAIUS, 2354.

jj. Skin of back and sides perfectly Bmootli (except in very old indi-

vidt. lis which ma.y have liidden rough jdates below the lateral

line).

I. Occipital crests very low, almost concealed by the thick warty

skin; body robust, the depth 4 in length; membrane of
upper jaw with sharply delined black spots; throat always
spotted; supru8ca]>idar spine sharp; humeral spine obscure.
?n. S. pale bar at base of caudal and i behind anal.

HTi-.LLERI, 2355.

mm. No pale bar at base of caudal and none behind anal.

MEDNIU8, 2356.

II. Occipital crests strong, the space between them concave, tlie

skin thin and with rather few warts; bo<ly rather slender,
the depth 4^ in length.
n. Sides M-itn round white spots. Nivosus, 2357.

ii. Warts on top of head numer-tus, each ending iu a small cirrus; occipital
crests obsolete, hidden in the thick skin ; nasal spines also hidden in
the thick skin ; proopenuilar spines small, almost concealed, the sec-
ond tubercle-like ; spines on shoulder girdle obsolete ; head broad,
mouth large; skin entirely smootli, color very dark. niqer, 2358.

■• I,

Subgenus ACANTHOCOTTUS, (iirard.

2»4r>. MYOXOC'EPHAI.UN BUBALIS (Kuphrasen).
(Father-lasher : Lucky Proach.)

H.'a(l2|^; depth 3|. D. VTIl, 12; A. S); vertebr.o 124-17. Head broad,
drpressed, covered with soft skin, in which are mauy imicou8 pores; max-
illary reaching past middle of orbit; upper preopercular spine straight,

m

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1972 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

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Mligbtly longnr tban eye; opernilar Hpinn ^raiiultitod at huso; Hiiiall cirri
abovr »'y«( ami cisewbero on bead, iiHiially 1 on end of niaxillnry; cra-
nial hones nioHtly covered by skin; lateral line witb some bony plates,
wbicb are most distinct anteri(n"ly, tbese very ninch smaller than in
Kno\>Ur\jn hison, but soniewbat similar in strnctnre; interocnlar space very
narrow, its ridges crontinnin); backward, serrated, each ending iii a shai]>
spine; no trace of slit behind last gill; spinous dorsal low; anal small:
pectorals reacbinji; front of anal; ventrals moderate Colors variegated,
the «tark markings sometimes rod, corresponding to the line of re<l aljiic.
Coasts of northern Europe; abnndant in rock pools; said to stray tn
Greenland, bnt there is no snre evidence of its occurence in any Ameri-
can waters. Liitken refers the (jrecnlaud records to M. acorpixa. (Kn.)
{fiovfiaXii, bnft'alo.)

Ootttis buhali*, Eupiihasen, KiiNO. Vet. Nj'a Abhniidl. 1786, 05, Taf. 3, flg. 2, 3, Sveden;

(JOnthek, Cut., II, 104; Day, FIhIi. Gt. Brit. Irdaiul, Dl, 1880; .Iokdan \. Giliiekt,

(Synopsis, 701 ; Hean, Troc. V. S. Nat. Mtia. 188j5, 166.
Oottua maculalut, Fischek,* Jaliili. Wisseii.scli. Aiist., Sanihurg, ii, 78, taf. 2, flg. 8, l«sr>,

Barbados.

2S46. MYOXO('EPIIALi:.S F.SV.VH (Mltcliill).
(GRuniiY.)

Head 2J; depth 4. D. IX, 13 or 14; A. 10 or 11; V. I, 3. Head ratlici
broad, covered witb smooth thin skin; ud cirri; a few very small warls
between occipital ridges; maxillary 2^ in head, reaching to Jnst beyond
pnpil ; sn])7aocnlar and occipital ridges prominent, each with a low, bliml-
ish spine; the region between the snpraocnlar spines rather convex, tlic
space before and behind it concave; nasal spines moderate; upper pn-
opercnlar spine shorter than eye, nearly twice length of next spine, about
reaching middle <»f opcrcle. Lateral line complete; «>ach pore with a con-
cealed cartilaginons plate, scattered, concealed asperities on skin of sides;

*Coiicerniiij^ the identity of Oottus maculatua, Fischer, with Acanthocottus hxihaU*, Dr.
Tarleton U. Bean has the loUowin^; pertinent remarks:

"In a recent extract from tlie annals ol'tho Scientific Association of Hamburg, Dr. .1.
G. Fisolier lias described and figured a species of Cottug from Barbados. The anoniiily
of finding a s]iecios of this genus witliin tlie tropics induced me to examine the descrii-
tion very carefully, to aseertiiin, if posHil>lo, the source of Dr. Fischer's specimen. 'I'lirii^
is no reasonable douitt tliat tlie type of liis new species is tlio common Father-lnslier ol
Europe, and it is a source of woiirlcr that the species should have been misinterjirctril.
After a study of our examples of Coitus hubalis from Berg«^nand Christiania. inNorwiiy,
and T.tads, Kngland, I have no liesitation in stating that tlicy agree perfectly with I In'
desuriptiou and figure of Cottxit maevlatua. In some unknown way tlio locality ol' D".
Fischer's specimen has been incorrectly given, and thus the descnlier of tlie suppnsi d
new species has been com]detely misled. The differential characters claimed liy Dr.
Fisi'her for Cottun niaeulatna do not serve at all to separate Ium species from €. Inihnlis.
The arrangement and numlier of the s]iines on the preoperculum are prc<;isely the .s.iiimi
in onr examples of (Oottua hvhalia as rei)resented in the liguro of O. uiaeulatva. The \ en-
traland p(M'.t.oral are not hmger in our s]iecimons than they are made to appear in the lii;-
ure of tlu; alleged new species. The notion seems to have'got abroad among the Euro)ir:in
ichthyologists that Nortli America is a comparatively benighted aiul barbarous count ly,
whose natural history is still in its infancy; it is perliaps owing to this impres.sion tlifit
wo are startled by information concerning' the supposetl occurrence of Cottun witliiii the
tropics, and of a spe(;ics ef Platyccphalua in the Potomac River. (Plati/ceplialiin ameri-
canun, Sauvage, Nouv. Archiv. Amis. (2), pi. 2, fig. 3 (head <mly). Potomac Kiver.) Ourcdiii-
nion little Cuttu* a>neus of Mitehill has alsolnsen redescribed, from a New York specimen,
under the name of Cottua (Aeanthocflttua) anceps. (Cottu* (Aeanthoeottun) aneej>.i, Siiii-
vage, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris (2), 1, 1878, p. 145, id. 1, fig. 13.) As agoneral nili'
it will be safe to intrust the novelties of tisli distriliution in our country to its residiiit
iehthyologiats."

nn.

Jordan and llvcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 11)73

le; ninall cirri
axillary; crii-
l»ony plates,
nailer than in
lar space very
ing ill a Hilar) >
r ; anal Hniall:
rs variegiitfd,
e of red alyir.
«1 to stray to
in any Amcri-
orpiits. (En )

Ig. 2, 3, Sveden;
DAN &. GujiEin.

taf.2, flj;. 8, l«s;,,

Head ratlior
y small wai In
0 jnst beyond
lalow, blinit-

ir convex, tlio
>; upper prc-
i spine, about
■with a <'oii-
lin of sides;

ttut huhalit, l)i'.

iiinbnrg, Dr. ■! .

The aiH)iii;il_v
ino th(! tli'siTii"-
>eciuien. Tlitir
'ather-lnalier ol

isinterjircfcd.
Ilia. inNorwiiv,
'oetly with I he
locality of J)-.
( the sinniiis! it
laiiiu'd iiy Ur.
■0111 €, hi'ihiilif.

scly t!io s;iim^
tvg. T\w \cii-
pPKr in till) li:;-

gtlHiElirOpCMII

aroiis count ly,
iiprcHsioii that
ttm within llin
'plialim ameri-
vcr.) Ourciini-
ork speciiiicii,
i) anee))s, !>;m-
» a general I'ldi'
to its resiili'Ut

dorsal BpinoH rathnr low, higher than the soft rays; pectorals reaching
.iiiiil; no traco of slit behind last gill, (iravish olive, ninch variegated
with darker; no tlistiuct paler spots; Itack and sides with broad, dark,
iirojriilar bars; all the tins barred; niiindible niottb'd; thmat and belly
pale; nienibraue of nia.xiUary unspottod. i^en^th 6 to S inches. Coast of
Noiithern New Knglaiul and New Y'ork; our smallest spt-cies; comn.-on in
s.'iiwreda near shore, but having a very narrow range. («■»»<■««, brassy.)

('"/N(,v«;m<'i<#, Mrrciili.l., TrnuH. Lit.aiul I'liil. Soc. N. V., i, 1H15, 181, New York; GooDK &.

Uban, ItuU. KsHex Inst., xi, 111, 1870; Joudan iV Gii.iikkt, Syno|>HiH, 7U1!.
( dHiih seorpio, MncHli.i., Trims. Lit. and I'iiil. See., I, 1815, ;i«l, New York.
CiittuH mUchilli, CuviKU A; Valkni ihnnes. Hist. Nat. I'»in.>*., iv, 188, 18"J9, New York ; alter

Cottus Morino, MlTCiiii.i.: (!r'NTiiEii, Cat. Fish., ii, 104.
( nltiis {Aeanthoenttu/i) ancepn, Sauvaue, Noiiv. Archiv, Mus. I'aiin. ('.'), 1, 187H, U6. jd. I,

tig. i:t, New York.
Vuttun nitjricans, Le SUEUn, in Vaiu.ant, Bull. .Soc. Philoni., nerio 8, tome vin, No. 1, 189&,

12; uo locality, with unpublished piute of Le SUEUlt, 1810.

2347. MVOXOCEPHAMS SCOKPIOIDKK (KabrhiuH).

(AKCTK; SCl'LMN.)

Head 3; depth 4i. D. IX or X, 17; A. 12; V. I, 3; lateral lino 3«. Body
stoiitish, tail sh>ndt>r. Head moderate, not depressed; Jaws short, tlie
maxillary reaching middle of the large eye; lower jaw inclndi'd; top of
liead concave between the 2 occipital ridges; these very low, with obtuse
tubercles instead of spines, these ending each in a small tentacle, which
is often obsolete; preopercnlar spines 3, short, the tipper o«inal to eye;
tlio second about A as bmg, the lower <lirected. downward; opercular
s])ine obscure; a short humeral and a short suprascapular spine; nasal
s])iiies sharp; top of head with smooth skin. Skin nearly smooth, some-
times a few warts above lateral line. Isthmus narrow, the fold across
it very narrow; no trace of slit or pore behind last gill. Dorsal lins
slightly Joined, the spines slender; pectorals reaching past front of
anal. Coloration, dark olive, finely mottled with ptiler; lins dusky, with
paler spots; anal with 2 oblique dark bars; a pale blotch at base of caudal.
A I otic regions of America; Greenland and neighboring waters; common
about Disco Bay, from which locality we have numerous specimens,
ifceived from Prof. D'Arcy W. Thompson (Coll. Lohmann). {6Kopitio^,
Hiorpiua; sFdo?, likeness.)

Ciitfus »eorpitnde$, Fabricius, Fauna Ormnl., 157, 1780, Greenland ; T^ean, Bull. U. S.

Nat. Mu8., XV, 122; Jordan & Oilbket, Synopsis, 702; L1;t.vEN, Ait. Viilensk. Med-

dels. K,iobenh., 12, 1870.
Cuttus paehypus,* GOnther, Cat. F'.sh., ii, 161, 1860, Port Leopold. (Haslar Coll.)

* Cottus paehypus, G(5ntheb, is thus described :

"D. IX, 16; A. 12 to 14. Two small spines above the snout, an abtuse one above each
orhlt, and a ]>air of obtuse prominences on th'^ occiput>. The impression on the crown
Imronies narrower posteriorly, and is nearly twice as long as broad. Three preopercnlar
spines, 2 of which are at the angle; the upper is the longest, its length being equal to the
iliiuneter of the eye, but less than the width between the orbits. The height of the first
(Icirsal is somewhat more than the length of the maxillary bone; the ventral terminates at
11 i;reat distance from the vent, and the pectoral does not reach to the anal. Skiu above
the lateral Una with smooth warts. Brownish, spotted with darker (colors faded). . Port
Leopold.

'• bescriptioii of the specimen: The greatest height of the body, in front of the dorsal,
is 1^ in the total length; its greatest width, behind the pectorals,'4 times. The tail tapers

■;,i

'h\

1974

liullitin /7, ("nifcd Stafcs A'atioiia/ MiiscNni.

'j:(4H. MYOXiM KIMIAIJS StOKI'llIS (Liuiiiimih).

r»

(Kl'UOl'EAN Scl'l.l'IN; fl.Kl:.)

TI«'a<l ;iA ; dopUi A\. I>. X, 1(5; A. II. (Jriicnil cliaiiictois «»f .Vyom
veithaUis jiriiHlan(li('»8, Iroin which it <liir«iH cliiclly in tlic Hiimlit'i" hIzc, tlif
narrower iiitnorhital space, which in ^' ilisiiiiutcr of eye. ami in the hnvi i
s]iinoiiH (iorsjil, the hi}j;hest npines >»einf; ahout i the hMi;;tii to ))aseof(;iM
ihii; poro beliind hist jfill usnaliy very siniiH, hut evident. Dark oliviic( -
ons, luottlud witli ]»aler; tins dusky, witli ]»ah'r Hpots. N<»rthern Enrtt|ii
and Arctic rejjions, not common on our coasts; rec<»rded hy Dr. Liitki w
from tile ]{altic, Finland, Spit/.bergen, New Zemlda, coasts of Enf;Iaiicl.
jind \orthorn Asia; recorded from Eastport, Maine. (En.) {^HOfjnin-.
scorpion, the root of our word Hcul])in.)

rika. LiNN^aTs, Iter S(nud.,;i2r).

Oottun gcorpiim, Linn.kis, Syst. Nat., Kd. x, 2(>5, IT'iS, nftor It; r Sciiiul.: (K^NTHKii, Cm.

Fishes, n, IS'J I Ukan, Hull. U. S. Niil. Miis., xv, llfi; .Iohuan it Giuieht, Syiii(|is|,,

702; LlLLJiuoRci, SveriKes ocli Norj^OH Fiskiir, l.'i5, 1891.

•hi

i

i t

2349. MYOXO«'El'IIALlS 0I{(K>LAM>1( IS (Ciivkr \ Valoncicuiies).

(Daddy Soi'i.i'in.)

Head 2.}; depth t.}. I). X, 17; A. 14; V. I, 3; P. 18. Head larfre. V.y
larfje, equal to least int*'rorliital width (in specimens a foot lonj;). Monili
larfj;e, tlu^ lower Jaw included; maxillary reaching posterior ed};e of orliit
2^ in head; the su^iraorbital and occipital spines 1>lunt, tuhercle-liko, with
out cirrus; a small tubercular spine on front of occipital ridge; upper
preopercular spiiu' short, (Uily reaching the midtlle of oiuTcular spine, its
hiugth equaling eye, not twice that t)f the spine below it; opercular spine

much posteriorly, and its lioight, b<^fo^e the caudal, in 21 ttiiie8 in the total length. I lio
head is niddurately l>road and depressjMl. its length i.s ilS in the total. The olet'l ol' ilio
iiioii'h is moderate, the nnixillary reaching to the vertical from the center of the eye; (lie
snout is not very obtuse, and the upper Jaw slightly overhangs the lower; there is a ii;iii'
of small spines above the snout. TIk* space between the eyes is slightly concave, anil its
width rather more thiin the hori/.ontal diameter of the eyes; there is an obtuse ])rotul)t'r-
ance above the posterior angle of the orbit, fron^ which a slight ridge iiroceeUs tot lie
occipital protuberance ; the latter is very little itrimiinent, and furnished with snuill skiiniy
tentacle. The impression between t hese 2 pairs of protuberances is shallow, and becoinc's
narrower posteriorly, l)eiug nearly twice as long as liroad. The preoperculum is ariiu'd
with 3 spuies, 2 of which are ojtjuisite the infraorbital, tiie third being situated iil tin'
inferior extremity of the bone, pointing downward. Thesiiboperculiim has a single spine
anteriorly, directed downward; throat without sjiines. The spinous dorsal begins :ii ;i
distance from the head which is rather less than the length of the impression ol thr
crown; it is not continuous with the soft. The fourth spine is the longest, its leiifjih
being somewhat less than that of themaxillarv bone, anna little less than that of iiir
ninth ray. The caudal has the posterior margin slightly convex, and its length is G.\ in
the total. The anal is formed by 12 rays, and bi'gins in the vertical from the tifth dorsiil
ray, and terminates a little before the opposite (in: its height equals that of the sjiiiioiis
dorsal. The pectoral is composed of 10 simjile rays, and reaches to the vent, 'whieli is
situated nearly in the middle of the total length. The root of the veutrals falls lieliind
that of the pectoral; they terminate at a great distance from the vent, and are coniimsicl
of 1 spine and 3 rays. I'he sjiine is eiivelojieii in the same membrane witli the tirst i;i\ :
the middle ray is the longest, liat and compressed like the iuterior. The lateral liiii' is
continued to 'the caudal, and is composed of elongate bony tubes, 38 in number. 'I'his
specimen is nearly entirely smooth, exhibiting, however, some flat and smooth w;iii-
aoove the lateral lino ; it is a female. The young specimen ditfers from the adult om iii
having 14 anal rays. The colors have somewhat faded ; the u]iper parts an! brown, with
some darker sj)()ts; the ])ectoral. dorsal, and <-aiidal rtiis a]ipear to have been spotted, ilie
spots Ijeing arranged in bauds; the lower i>art of the sides with several white spots."

Jordan and Ever tHivni, — /'isJus of xXort/i .Inuriia. 1075

.) {^Hopniii..

^Iiai'i); iiiiHiil Hpiiies slijirp; siipraHcitpuliir H|)iii<> ratlicr ntiun^, HlxirtiHli.
<u\e» of iMMly almvr lateral lino witli a HcricH ••ffiiilu'tMcd prickly platt-H,
iiolow which art* niiiiivroiiH st-attntil spiiicHaiKl pritklcs. Dorsal ami anal
liiiH hifrh; spinous and Hott dorsals alxxit i-qual in iicight, their hcij^ht
iMoro than 4 h'Uf;th of body; vcntrals lony; pt-rtoralH about reaching vunt.
Dark hrown ahovf, with Inoad darker Itars; below yellowish, the belly in
theinale witli lar^e pale spots; back and top of head with ;;;rayisliblotclies;
liiiH brown and ytdlow, all of them spotted and barred. Sexual dif-
lon-nees larjfe, the males iinn-e brightly colored; the round white spots
^IroiiKly nuirked, the females with ronj^h crests on tin- h«'ad. Length U5
iiichos. New York to (Jreenland, common; one of the largest sculpins.
Here (h'scribed from specimens from Cap»» Cod. Very close t<» Myoxo-
,i'f)ha\u8 HCorpittH, which it replaces on our coast and of which Dr. Liitken
regards it as a variety. Lilljiborg regards tin* 2 as identical, a view not
unlikely correct. According to Knsigu II. G. Dresel, M. uraulaiKliviiH
(lifters from J/. Brorpiim (1) in its larger size; (2) in thegr«'atcr interorbital
wiilth whicli in M. acorplits seldom exceeds | of the longest diameter of
I lie eye; and (If) in the higher spinous dorsal, tin* hmgcst dorsal spine in
.1/. granhtndicxs being contained .'"> to 0 times in the total length of the
caudal base, while iu M. scorpiun it is contained as mach as 7 to 8 times in
the same h'Ugth.

According to Fabricins this species is abundant "iu all the bays and
inlets of Greenland, bntpn'fersa stony coast clothed with seaweed. It
iipproaches the shore in spring and departs iu winter. It is very voracious,
preying on everything that comes iu its way, and pursuing incessantly
the smaller lish, not sparing the young of its own species, and devouring
(Tustacea and worms. It is very active and bold, but does not c(une to the
surface unless it bo led thither in pursuit of other fish. It spawns iu
December and January, and deposits its red-colored roe on the seaweed.
It is easily taken with a bait, and constitutes the daily food of the Green-
landers, who are very fond of it. They eat the roe raw."'

Ac«'ording to Liitken, the (ireenhind Scul[)iu (firanhnKHcus) is not sepa-
rated from acorpiim by any chara«ter trenchant or constant. In Gre-Jidand
it inhabits slight depths up to 12 fathoms ; the yotmg iu 40 to 100 fathoms.
There is great variation, especially in tin rays. In counting extreme cases
both forms have the ftdlowiug range: D. IX to XI, 11 to 19; P. 15 to lit; A.
lltolB. Nonually, however, th«< range is D. X, 10 or 17; P. 17; A.13orl4.
\'ertebr!e usually 14:-f25=39, in a rare case 13-{-23— 36. Pyloric cieca 8,
rarely 10 or 11.

Ciitttig scorpivs, FABRlCirs, Fauna rrro>nlau(Uca, 156, 1780, Greenland.

' oltu* gnetilandicm, Cuvikk &. Valknciennes, Hist. Xat. I'oIhh., iv, 156, 1829, after FAniii-

cius; GCnthek, Cat. Fish., n, 161, I860; GoooK k Bean, Bull. Khsox Inst., xi, i;t, 1879.
Cottua tcorphu granlandieus, LUtken, Vid. Mcdd. K.jiili., I'.*, 1876; .Iokdan & Gilbert,

Synopsis, 703 ; Duesel, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mii.-. 1884, S.Vj.
Cottus poroitu, CuvuiB .t Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vni, 498 , 1831, Bafiins Bay.

(Coll. Gu6don and Ducrost.)
.Icanthocottits inucostu, Ayrks, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1854, 12.
Ananthoeottus variabilig, GlRAHl), Boston Joiiru. Nut. Uiat., vi, 1850, 248; D. II. Sl'ORER,

Hist. Fish. Mass., 26.

MiSiMm

1976 liulletin y/, i nitcd States National Museum.

Acai>thoeottut oeellatut, 11. U. Siobkic, Host. iToiirn. Nut. IliHt. \ti!W, 253 ; main.
CoUuM ijlaeialis, Kiciiakd.hi'.n, in Hki-ciikii, I.imt Arctlii Voya^K II. M. S. Asslntdiict', lH.';i
App. 3, i>l. '.*4, Northumberland Sound. (Coll. Sir Edwtutl KelcUor.)

2»60. MYOXOrEPILiU'S O0TOI>KriMMPI>-OMrN (Mitclilll).

(LON'l-SIMNED Sori.I'IN.)

Ile.Kl 21; depth 5A. D. IX, 15; A. 14; V. I, ;J. Hody very slender, tiijui
iii^ backward to the lon^ iind Hh-iidor fiiiithil prduncle. Mead liin^r.iiiil
iiairow ; month nioderatf, the lower Jaw iiiuludtMl ; nia.xillary not t-xtendin.;
past eye, 2^^ in head. Ifitpcr preoper«-nlar spine extremely lon^, lon;;,.|.
than in any other Hpecies of the ;;*'nna, 3^ in head ; longer than eye, extnnl-
in^ to or beyond tip of opervniar npine, its length more than 4 times tlmi
of the short spine below it; third spine tnrned downward; nasal H|>iiit's
strong; a strong spine at upper posterior margin of orbit directed npwanl
and Imc'kward; occiidtal ridges long, low, converging behind, oa<;hen<IiiiM
in a similar spine, sharp and direct*>d backward; a single shiirp supni-
scupular sjtine; a sharp spine on shtmlder girdle at tip of the sliiir|i
opercular spine; the usual downward-directed si>ines on proopercle ami
subopercle. Vertex nearly Hat, bounded by low ridges. No cirri on luiid ;
skin of head smctoth. Eye very large, as l«»ug as snout, 4^ in head, uiik h
wider than the concave interorbital s]>ace. 8kin without rough tubercles ;
lateral line with a series of partly concealed cartilaginous ]:late8. Dorsal
Hns well separated; spinous dorsal higher than soft d«>rsal, the sitincs
strong, the longest nearly I hea^l ; pectorals reaching anal ; ventrals not
to vent ; no trace of slit behind last gill. Olivaceous, with 4 obscure trans-
verse dark bars, paler below; (ins barred and mottled; Jaws unspotted;
lower side of head plain white ; belly white. Length about a foot. Atlan-
tic coast, from Labrador south to Virginia, common about Cape Cod; a
strongly marked species, easily known by its long spine and by the sliai p
spine at the occiput, there being 18, really 20, distinct spines about ilic
head. (oc/odm»«, eighteen; «/jJno8««, spined.)

Sy,orpius virginianua, Willpghby, Hist. Pise, App., 25, pi. 10, flg. 15 (non binomial).
Cottv* octodeeimtpinosus, MiTCiiiLL, Trans. Lii and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 1815, 380, New York ;

(UlNTHER, Cat., n, 163.
Gottua virginianua, SToxEir, Ropt. Fish. Mass., 18, 1838, coast of eastern Massachusetts ;

1)e Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 51, pi. .5, Hj;. 13, 1842; JouUAN & Ou.iiEiir, Svimp

sis, 701, 1883 ; GiRAKD, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., ni, 187.
Acanthocottus virginia7ius, Stoueb, Hist. Fish. Mass., 28, pi. -1, tig. 2, 1807.

S:i^

I

Subgenus MYOXOCEPHALUS.

S851. MYOXOCEPHALUS POLYAVANTHOOEPHALUS, Pallas.

(Great Sculpin; Kaixkj.)

Head 2i; depth 4J. D. IX or X, 13 to 16; A. 11 to 13. Body ratln r
elongate. Head long and narrow, somewhat compressed, concave betwr( n
the orbits, the orbital rim being elevated; lower jaw included; nasal
spines strong ; a strong ridge above eye, Avitha blunt, compress^'d spine
behind it; behind this a small digitate cluster of ridges ending in Inw

■ \ i«;f»i?i'> ■M-viii-i'--i^:.Vf«Lf

> i

Jordan and Evcrniann. — Fishes of North .Inierira. 1077

s|iiin'H; bchiinl tlieHr iiii irn-jjiilar lirokcii ridj?"' oiioaoh sidf of tlu" vertex,
( \ti'ii«lin;; to tbit occiput; outHidc of thia niiotlsor ru^^^i'd ridgr; siibo'
hital Mtiiy strong, Htriute; upprr prcoiMTfiilar spiiio very lon^J, Hfraijjh*,
Minplo, striuto at basr, lunger thau <-y«; h niiiiilar but Hhortrr spint' bflow
ii, not i as long, and the usual downward-directed spine at lower edge of
|ireopercle and Hiiboperde; opercular Hpine moderate. >Skin of top of
licad thin, with Hmall, aniooth wartn, not hiding the occipital ridgca; no
I irri. Montli rather largo, the maxillary reaching beyond eye, ^ length of
lii'ad; akin of body with Home Hcattered rough tubercleH, usually nearly
smooth. Dorpals not very liigh; dorsal 8i)iue8 sh-nder; pectorals reaching
iinal; ventruls moderate, 1,3. A minute pore usuall^' present behind last
L:ili, this sometimes wholly wanting. Lateral line complet*^ Dark olive
aliove, much variegated with darker and reddish; belly mostly whitish;
HJilesaud b«dly (in males) with numcrouH blackish reticulations surround-
iiii;- large ronnd white spots ; Jaws dusky, motth'<l with whitish ; membrane
joining maxillary to preorbital black, with ronnd white spots in the adult,
more or less ])lain in the young; lins, all but the veutrals, mottled and
Itiirred with blackish and yellowish. Length \K to 2^ feet. Alaska to
l\:imehatka; abundant throughout Hering Sea, and sonthw »r<l along the
JMliinds to Puget Sound; oneof the largest scnlpius and every wh<'ro familiar
to llshermen. Dr. (iilbert found it abundant about Unalaska and in Itris-
tol Hay. Mr. Scotiold found it at Chignek Harbor, and wo obtaiu<-d it
iiliout the Pribilof * and Conunander Islands and at Potropaulski. (flro/lf s,
iiiMiiy; rtxavOar, spine; uEilxxA.}), head.)

Villus pohjaeanthocephalnt, Pallas, Zooj^r. l{OHHO-AHiiit.,ni, 133, 1811, Aleutian Islands;
uo dcflnito locality ; GOntheb, Cat., n, 166; JorIjan &. Gilueht, Synopsis, 704, 1883.

1

2852. MYOXOOKPIIALIJS JAOK (Cuvicr & Valtncienncs).

1). VIII to X, 15 to 17; A. 13 to 15 (usually D. IX, 16; A. 14). This spe-
cits has a very slender body and an cxtr«>moly wide, Hat head, the latter
stiilxiugly triangnlar when vii'wed frcmi above, on accoMnt of the regiihir
way in which it tapers toward the snout. The Hpoci«'s is further distin-
fjiiisiied by possessing but 9 dorsal spina's and by the presence in the adult
iifaii irregular scries of circular spinous plates above the Literal line, these
plates wanting in very young indivitluals. They begin to make their
uppeanince in specimens 6 inches long, and are invariably present in
larifer specimens. In adnlts, the region below the lateral lino contains
si idiig spinous prickles mostly concealed in the skin and dire«'tcd back-
waid. Some of the anterior ones may be broader and may have moi'e than
one point, but none is circular with a rosette of short spinous points, as
is the case with the dorsal series. Lower jaw incluih'd; top of head cov-
tntl with small warts; scapular spine slun-t and sharp; humeral spine
obscure; upper preopercular spine very long, nearly as long as eye, low,
sharp, 3 times length' of next spine, not quite reaching tip of opercular

* Several sitecimens from Uualaska, where tlie species is abundant, and 1 from Itobben
Isliiuil, tlie latter perfectly typical in all re.si>ecta and giving us tlio first Kamcliat-
Itiin record f<*> tlie species. In the Kobben Island specimen, tlio pectoral rays are rough-
c""d OP their inner surface with horny tubercles, as is usual with adult males of this
spue ito. The fln rays are : D. X, 14 ; A. 12 ; P. 18.

3030 47

^mmw^im

n.

M.

'if

f

'%' ;

1078 nullcthi 77, United Staff's National .^/usnnn.

MpiiH'. Ocflpitiil crcMtHloiif:;, ^ciiMy coiivfr^iii^ Ix-liiiitl, MinMciily illvorjrin.;
Mfiir their ])uHt<Tioi' ni«ls. DiHtaiicr i'rnni siipniorhitiil to iMMMpitiil tiibfn !<
1.) tinirs tli<> <liHttiiin> ))rtW('(>ii tlir 2 Hiipriiurhitiil tiilMTrlrs (tliii2 liiniNiin
iiicnts ulMiiit <M|iiiil III M. pohfiiinnilhocrpliiiliis); 2 or 3 low <li((itiiti> liil^n ,
l>cliiii)l siipriioiiiliir H]niii'; ii hIiiii]) <>tliiiioi<lal imI^^i^ rxtiWHls Itiirkwiinl
from level of sniiill N|)iii<'H to iiImivc front of pupil; moiitli very Imp-, tlir
niaxilliiiy exteiidiiij; to posterior bonier of eye; the pore alwiiyM pieseni
hehiiul last ^illareh; NpinoiiH ihtiHal low, the interval Itetween (loi.s;il>
iiiiiiHiially lon^; tiiiH inoilerate; ]teetoral liarely reaehiiif; anal; veiitniN
not to vent. Color olive grayish, mottled with darker, jtaler than in
related speeies; Itaek with 4 dark cross hands, made np of blaekish spot>;
lower side of head ami helly ]ilaiii white; memlirain* of njiper Jiiw
unspotted; lins, all except the veiitrals, with ohli(|ue dark hiUN, faiiiti i
than in most species. In the adult, the dark cross haiidH break iiji
into sharply defined black s|)ots, with verniiciilating blotches and lines
which closely cover the back, licn^^th 12 to IS inches. Herin^j Sea, in
shallow water; everywhere common on both coastH, extending into iln
Arctic and soutli to tho Amur River and Unahiska. Our Hpeciineiis fmin
Unalaska, Mristol Ihiy, Petropanlski, Ktdtben Keof, INtrt Olarence, anil
Grantley Harbor; one of the most cbaractt'ristic lishcH of Bcrinj^ iSr;i.
ijaok, the v«M-naeular name in Kamchatka.)

(Jothmjaok,* Cuvikh & Valenciknneh, Hist. Kiit. I'oIhm., iv, 172, 1829, Kamchatka (Coll.

PiillaM; Hi)<!(:iiii<tii in Miih. lierl. culled Oothm leorphm hy I'ai.lah) ; OU^THEK, Cut., n,

105, 18(10; Jordan &. Ciijikkt, Syiioi)Hi8, 705, 1883.
Mjioxocephalus jaok, Jouoan & Gilbekt.I Kept. Fur Seal IiivuHt. 1808.

* Oodles jooA- iH tlinml('8crib«Ml: "1) VII, 15; A. 14. M. Li('li<<ii8t(!iii liaHkiiiilly ronliilid
to iiH tliu i'lidiviilual wliicli Horvod I'nIliiR for tlaMloHcriptioii of Ww jirviit ('oUiisul' Kmii-
cliatka, wliicli lie Iieliev<-<1 the Haiiie H|>ei^ie.s im our xcufy/juv. NVe liave coinpareil it i iirr-
fiilly witli our indivitiuals from Kiiroiie and wo liave found tliat it has, in fact, Hnvirnl
(^liara4;t<TH, notal/ly, tliat tho HpinuH of it8 pntoperi'lo are Hiniilarly dispoHed and of the
Haiiiu proportions, but its ditl'i>reiuM>H are many. Iimtcad of tulior'clos it lias lieliiiid tlic
eye, licliind tho cranium, and on tho tenipl<\ somo lifilil grannlationH. Alon;; its liaik,
a^iovo tlio lateral line, is a row of scales qiiito unlike thoHo of teurviun. Tlioy are roiiiiil,
a little concave; their surface is rough, and their ed^e Hurroiinilcd with Hiiiall sltMidci'
points, liiit above the lateral lino there are some like those of ncorpius. The lirst dursiil
IS lower, shorter, and I have been able to tind l>ut 7 rays. I'allas <!ounted but U. Its hI/i'
is much greater than that of the Sciilpins in Knrope. The individual before iis is 'Jl
in(dies long. Pallas mentions them of 2 feet. He thus gives the coloration: Hack nd-
dish, with scattered lirown spots, small, irregular, disappearing by degrees Itcinw Wv
lateral line; belly white; 5 brown, irrejfular transverse bands on the ]iectoral ; spindiis
dorsal spotted with brown: soft dorsal with 4 vertical brown bands; (;audal with :!: :i
bands on tlie anal. The fish is very active in life. I'allas was tohl that it would live Inr
2 days out of water; oven after being eviscerated and being in thesnioke to drv, it wcmld
wave forseveral hours. It is called by the Kamtschadales Jaok; l»v the Koriakos, / Ui<d.
by tho Kouriles, Suxiatki and Keiseha)) ( f). The Kussians of Kainc'liatka call it KaiiDnhit.
and the Lainutes, Takfehi. (Cuvier &. Valenciennes.) "

t Concerning the synonymy of this species, Jordan Si. Gilbert observe: In a repurl on
tho iohthyological collections of the J (6afro«« ill Alaska (Report U. S. CommissioinT of '
Fish aud'Fisheries for 1893, p. 421), Dr. (iilliert writes as follows: ".1 . /(tt»Hi7i»clos<'ly re-
sembles the description of A. jaok, with wliicli it may well be identical. We do not xcii-
tare to make this identilication, as A.jank is said to fiavo but 7 dorsal spines, a iiniiilicr
we liavo not found in A. humiliii." On further consideration we have decided that the '.'
must be identical. The type nf jaok was a largo dried specimen, the name wliicii liail
served I'allas for his account of VottuH tcorpiut. In such a dried sneeimcn it would lie
very ditlicult to enumerate correctly the h»w fet^ble spines, of which tho tirst 2 are \ itv
<;1osely approximated, and tho last J often minute andliidden in the membrane, llniiiilin
is abundant ahmg the coast of Kamchatka and agrees with the account of jaok in li:t\ in;;
the upper imrts covered with small brown spots, the back witli a series of round s|>ii<oiis
plates, anil the sides below the lateral line with posteriorly directed spines; italsonnncs
in reaching a very large size. In the description of jaiik the fin formula, except IIm;
number of dorsal spines, is that most fre<iuently found in humilis. Specimens are In lore

IL

//;/.

Jordan and /u'crtnann, — Fishes of A'orlh Annriai, 11)71*

filly iliv«'ij;iir^
ipital tiibnrli
[ili«t2 iiifasiin
li(rit)il(> riil^i .
ikIm llll('k^vill<|
vi'iy linj;<', I lie
ihviiyH prcHciil

•tWtMMl (loiNIlK

iiiml; vi'iili'iiN
piih'i- tliiiii ill

blllckiHll SIMll^;

of u])p(!r Jiiw
k biii'H, t'iiiiiii I
iikIh brt'iik ii|i
vAwH 1111(1 liiii N
licriiijj Scii, ill
iitliii^ into III!'
prriinfiis rioiii
I ClariMiCf, iMiil
of Btu'iii^ Sill,

Kamchatka ((dll.
(IUntiibk, Cut., II,

aH kindly ciiiitiili'il
lit ('oliun of Kiiiii-
coinpuretl it (inc-
us, in fiict, He\ rill)

I]I()H(h1 Hllll of till'

it li»8 lieliiiiil till'
Alonji its liacli,
Tlioy lire roiiml,

illi Huinll xlt^iiili'i'
Tlio first (Icii^iil

ltd l)iit 0. Its mI/,i'

il before iih is t\
ation : Kack riil-

lefrretiH liclou tim
lectoriil; spiiiiiiis
ciiikIuI witli :i: ;i
it wonld liv(< fdi-
t) to drv, it wmilil
KoriiiKOH, / UkiI.

a ciill it J{a III tiliii,

In il repi'ii on
C'oniniisHiomr of

«Wll7l'«rlOH('ly IT-

We do not vin-
Hnini'8, a niiinlMT
elided that till' ■:
same ^vllicll liad
inien it would lie
lie first 2 are very
nl)rane. IlindiUn
of jaok in h.'iviii};
of round Hjiinoim
DOS; italHOiii;iii':*
inula, exi'i'pt 111"
lointens ui'u In lore

rtiHii^i hiiinili/i, ItKAN, I'ror. I'. S. Nut. Mum., iv, IHHt, 141), Cliamisso Island, Bering
Straits ((Nill. T. II. Iliiin): 1>. X.Dt; A. i:i, .Iiiuhan \ (iii.iiKiri, S\nu|iHis, 7*i.'<. Ih8;i.

riiltiix iinliiumntliiifi-iiliiiliis, Knkii, SUy.U. Akad. Wins. Wii'U, i.\iii, iHtW, '.'I, Inf. 4, li({. II,
UefUHlris l!ay; nut of I'ai.i.ah.

iullii» lienioptcrui, \\&.\:i ik IIkan, I'rou. V.H. Xat. Mils. IHINI.IIHI; i<ol of K.nku.

'Jil.VI. .1IVO\on^:i>IIAM S VKKUI (OSIIK (lliun).

1). X or XI, in to lil; A. 12 to 17 (tiHiiiilIy 1). X, HI; A. i:{). Top of h.iul
strongly vi-iriicom', tin- pi'toprrciilar Hpiiio Hliort; Kiipraorltital aixl oiM-ip-
ital lilaiiinits |>r('Hriit. 'I'lir atliiltH liuv*- Npiiioiis platiH aloii); tlio Hides,
i'\trfiiii-ly liio;li vi-rtical Huh, and v*-ry lai-|;r siipiaoihital and oi;cipital
tiilM'i'tdcs, from the HiiiniiiitH of wiiicli tli<> tiilirrclrH ariHr. Spinous platt^H
aliovi' the lateral line Hiinilar to thoHc found in M.Jiiok, tin- antrrior oik-h at
Itaut brin^ riniiiar with a drpitHHt'd n-ntfr, and having tli<* margin ]n'o-

vidrd with a NcricH of Hliort, Htroii^r h|i h, Honi*'tiiiioH iiit<-rnipt<'d for a

NJiort diNtanct* anteriorly. I'lidcr th*> soft doiHal and on thr raiidal pidiin-
I'lc tlw platoH arc Hinallrr and 1*'hh rr^^niar, lu-in^ ofti-n rrdiicrd to vory
small ]dat«-H boarin^ 2 or :{ prirkh'H directed backward from tho margin.
Itclow the lateral line are |dateH similar to tlnme above, but fewer. The
cephalic tiiberdeHare nnileveloped in the yonni;, Init become very eonHjde-
iioiiH in half-;{rown and adiiltM. Onu above posterior margin of orbit and
1 at liinder edge of occiput are the largest and bear short liiameutH. These
rise very abruptly without evident conneiition with ridges, liehind the
Kr.])raorbital tubercle in a smaller one, Houietimes accompanied by 1 or 2still
NniiiUer elevations, ritcalling in their arrangement the digitate ]i(»stoeuIar
ridges of M, j>tok nnd M, poljiaidiilliixrphdltiH. A Hmaller tubercle is pres-
ent also immediately in advance of the principal occipital one. Lower
Jiiw ini'ludcd. I'reopeicnhir Hpine short, the upper one not exceeding,
.-^ometinies much less than, longitudinal diameter of orbit. A well-dovei-
iiped |iore behind last gill. Dorsals very high, without appreciable inter-
space, the longest H]iine sometimes equaling length of snout and eye, 2j| in
iiead, eqaaling the longest rayH of soft dorsal. The hirgest sjieeimcn seen
i)y us is nearly uniform in the coloration of the np])er parts, showing but
faint traces of the dark bars usually found in this group. In all otiier
specimens those are distinctly marked, though more irregular and less
sharply defined than in M. hcUui'ih and JA. poljiacaiilhocrphalHs. As usual,
I here iH a broad bar under spinous dorsal, 2 narrower ones under soft dor-

iis from T'etropaiilski and from Stations 30411 and :)<t48, off Koliben Island, in IK and 20
riitlioniH. All of these have the siipnionilar and occipiial erestH hij;;ber and sharper than
ill those from the eastern ]>ortion of Iteriiij; .Sea, anil the preoperiuilar spines are loii|;er,
usually reaching in yminj: examples to or hevond o))ercularniiirgiii. Theseare, however,
c'liaraeters sub.jeet to much variation within this Ki'o»p, in which it will always be uuHiife
III reeoi;ni/,e Hulis]>ecios, unless based uu wry uxtuusive uuUectiuiis, Our 21 Biiocimous
.show the following fin tbrmula; :

Firstdorsal. Second dorsal.

XVUVB ■«•■>*•■•■•■

IX.

Anal.

15. 16. 17. i 13. 14.

Specimens 18 , 3 lU ! 10 1 1 15

i

1(180

nullctin /7, Ihiited Stales National Afuscum.

mtl, and n fourth on i«n<l nt'candnl pedniiclit; f^roiiiiil color unufinally pnlt .
Ill H highly <'olori«<l iiiiklt' i\w ItiwiT |iiirt ut'Hiih'H Ih blnckiHli, proviiliMl \\\{\i
roiiinliHli, liir){*>, wliito HpotH, Ww wmw^Uxh of which tire ot'trn iiiu(t«< ion
NpinuiiiH by ii HurirH nC niintito liliick HprckH; Huh I'diiHpiciiuiiHly baircil
III must H|»uriiiitiiiH a brmiil biinil of tho li^ht ^ritiind t'ohtrcroHHCHoi-cipitiii
rr^lDii uihI i-xt*-ii«lH biK'kwanl and downward, in«dudhi); margin of pn
opondo above tin- HpiuuH and thr (fit-atur port ion of tipundo. Arctic < icviiii
and Kerinj; Hvii ; UnaliiHka and DriHtoi lliiy ; taken by tlie AlUntroHH .it
depthH of i'l to 30 fatlitniiH, iind taken by Mr, Hcoliebl at Kiiif^H iNhiml
Port Clarunve, and (iraiitly Harbor; originally rceui-dud from IMover lla.\
((■ilbcrt.) Here doBcrilied IVuin adnit Hpeciniutm 10 inches long, (vwrn
coMHH, warty.)

('oltimvernieoiiuii, Mean, I'roc. U.H. NaJ.MuH., iv.IHHI, irn;, Plover Bay, Siberia (Coll. I

II. Iteiiii); JoKDAN \ (iii.iiKiiT, SyiiopHlM, 7U7, 18H3.
AcatUhocotlut vernieiiiiun, (Jii.ltKitT, Hull. IT. S. FUli C'oiiiiii. (Irillil) IHUO, 4'Jt; St'oKiKLD, In

Jonluii &■ Qilburt, Uopt. Fur Soid liivuHt., 1HU8.

hfi

a»54. H1'0X0<'KI>IIAM]K AXILIiAIUM (liiil).

Head 2}; hori/.ontal diainctor of orbit r> in huati and l\ in Nnont; inter
orbital HpaceO in bead; de|ith U; niaxillary reaching vortical with |)OHt('
rior odgo of eye, 2]^ in head; I>, IX or X, l,*) or 16; A, 11 or 12; jicctoral !.'>
or 1(>; caudal with U branoliod rays; lateral lino 40. Head wide and
de]iruHHcd; month hori/.outal; lower jaw iucluded; nanal Hpine well dovcl
oped, but completely covered by the Hkin. Prcopercle with a straight Hpine
at its upper angle alnioHt covered with skin and equal in length to verticil
diameter of orbit; a second Hpine imnuMliately below this, completulv
covered by the skin and k as long an upper sjiine; at the lower angle of
the preopcrcle there is a tubercle; operde with a strong horizontal Mjiinc
nt its upper angle, completely embedded in the membrane and not reacli-
ing edge «>f gill tiap. At the h>wer angle of the opercle there in a nmall,
downward-directed spine, also com]detely covered by skin; HupraHcapiilni
Hpine well developed, but eomjdetely embedded; humeral npine blunt iiml
covered; occipital ridges neareely elevated, a slight pineal elevation; I
broad, conspicuous tentacles correH]>oiiding to the poHitions of the siipri-
ociilar and occl])ital tubercles; orbital rims considerably elevated, havini;
a Hat, de]ires8ed space between them ; top of the heatl covered with Hiiiall,
wart-like elevations. Lateral line inctnispicuous, without plates, itH jMins
tlistaut and small; above the lateral line a row of osseouH plates, snialli r
and more closely jdaccd beneath tlie Hecond d«n-Hal; a simibir scattercil
row below the lateral line Just beneath the second dorsal; longest ray of
first dorsal (the fourth or fifth) 21 timen in head, first 0 rays about e(|n:il
in length; second dorsal higher and about the same shape as the first, tin'
longest ray 1{\, in head; caudal truncated, the cormns about square; pn -
totals large and reaching to second ray of anal ; ventrals 8<'arc»!ly reach! n^^
vent. Color above quite dark, strongly marked with black and white; ;i
saddle of black iinder the anteritu- f of first <lorsal; 2 similar but smallor
saddle markings over the back below the second dorsal, 1 bent^ath the
anterior, the other beneath the posterior end; a black blotch on the side

m

Ui=-.l. :.„■ V-C''-.W-V..S<»i>Oi>iUJ-i;,'I-'^^fcsi/,-n--.^^_-v?i»-:i.-i'ii^;.'lt

*-; - -.-^J :.v. ■-•itJ.-'J

Jordan and livcrniann, — Fishes of North America. HWI

<it' thn ('uiiiliil poiliiiKlr, )i rbiirtirt><friHtif iiiiirkhi^ in Nevcrul of tlio iikmii-
liiTH of tliiN ki'IIIim; vi'iitriil NiiiTurc li^;lit(M'; Miilfs willi liir({r, oviit)- vvliiti<
spotH; I or r> Ini^lit n-«>jiiii MpiitH at ril^» oi' tlH> Itliirk iiiiil lii*l*l«<ii hy tlH<
liertnriilH; iiiiiinlililtiM nioHtly hliick ; lowtu' lip witli Itliusli niottliiiUH; uiikIx
ot'iiHiiiih iiK'it; tipol' iii.i\illiirii-H liiack; ii Itlaik lilotcli ut iHthniiiH JiiMt
liiick of iiiiiinlu'aiHS tiiHt iIoihuI iiionM\ liliirk; a wiiitr itlot(;ii rovi'iin^
liiwt'r \ of iiHtinltniiit'M lutt \v«>«wi t'oiirth ami HJxtli HpiiirN; tVoin llio iippn-
iiiturittr aii(;l<t of tliJH hlotch tliti wliitc u\t«^ii«lH anoHH tliu roitrtli Hpiiiu ami
niiiH into tlh' Hjiot at tlin (ul^fo of \\w iii«uiiltraiii< aii<i Ix^twtM-n tho tliird
:iim1 fuiii'lli Npiii(>H; at tin- itci^c of tli<- iii<-tiil>raiio uii«l hrtwcfii i-arh ^KpiiMM
tiioro 1h a wliito Hput, vrry Niiiall liutwroii llrHt ami hocoikI, but inon-aHiii^
ill hI/o poHt«>rioiiy ami liutwi>i>n tho Hrvnitli, ni^iilli, iiiiitli, ami t«Hitli,
niniiing to^etliur, Ifuviug a tip of Mack at th<< «tmi of tho •■i^rhth Hpiiio;
Ni'comI <iorHal black witli a fow rirnilar whito H|»otH, »ncli Hpot with itH
criiter on n tin ray ami ItH «<igc n-aching to niiiblh* of in*-nil>raiio; tboHo
spots inrlinod to run togeMier; camlal numtly Itlark, partiully «livi<lo«l by
narrow int«M'Hpaci^ of wliitf into 2 heavy vtTtical baiulH; anal ouIohmI
NJiiiilar to tht^ HecomI ilorHal; tipH of rayu and (Mlgi' of nifmbram^ whito;
vontralH with Mt'ViTal black spotn; pcctorala black with oval white HpotH
on nioMibraiicH, which Join each other Inipcrfuctly acroHH the rayn to fortii
I or r> intcrru^»tc«l vcrtiial bars of Idiick; 2 white sp^itH at Imso of rays.
(ScotieM.) Arctic Ocean ami HoringSea; chielly north ward. The Hpeci-
iiienH here dcHcrribed from i'ort Clarence, ('hignik Hay, and Herendeen
i!ay. AIho known from Iteriiig Straits and St. MichaelH. (ajri/Zan's, |)er-
taining t<» the axil, or armpit.)

Iloieoeotttu' axillari*, (ilLt, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Scl.Thilu. IH.'in, 1(10, Bering Straits.
dottuM axlllani, Joiidan &, Oiliikut, SyimpulH, 700, 1Hh:i.
MifuxoceiiliuluB axiHari», Scokiki.o, ICitpl. KiirSoiil liiv<tMti);iilii)iiM, 1808.

3!tr)5. MVOXOOKIMIALIIN KTKMiT.ltl, TihtHiiiH.

D.TX (rarely VIII), 15 (rarely 1(5); A. V2 (11 to 13). RcHembling in
sha])0 M. polyinianthocvphaluH, the head Ichh depreHHed and the Huoiit deeper
than in M. jaok. Cliara<'teriHtic featiires are the thickened papillose
lips, the presence of a supraocular tentacle, and the peculiar coloration.
Skin naked or with a few scattered sm:ill ]diites in adult males, the inter-
orbital deeply concave, and the occipital and ]mrietul ridges heavy and
more or less broken or rugose. Head 2; to 2<f in length; depth 4; least
depth of caudal peduncle U in snont; greatest width of head e<|ualing

* Tliis npncios is tlio tvpo of tho nominal goniiH Hnrfoeothw. Gill, tliUH dost^riliMl bj' Gill:
"Kotly HiilK^ylindricnl, rapitlly (lecliiiinK to tho caii(l'>' <lii. Sliiii iii<mlly nakod, or with
siiiiill iinil diHtinct tiiburcltiK nliovo tlio latornl lino. . ilornl lino opunini; on the sidoH
tliroii^h Hmall diHtiint porog. Head largo, do]>ri-)4Hod, and Hiibrlioiiihoidal; nasal spineit
Miiiall; pn^operclo with 2 Hiniplo ttpinoH noar tho an^le and 2 tiiheroloH bolow; opercle
with a longitudinal rib torniinutiiig in a Hpino and with a round nionibranacooim mar-
gin; siibopoicio with a Hpine dirootcd downward. I'oHturliital lont;itiidinal oruntH littlo
(luvelopixl. Mouth moderate. Tooth villilbrin, proHcnt on oacli jaw and on the front
III' tiMt vomer. liranohiimtoKiil mombran<^ oontiniioim under tho throat, but attached ab>ng
I ho middle of its longth almost to its margin, and thus nearly rostrioting tho brauohiol
ii|n?rture8 to tholr rospootivo sides. llraiichiitHtogal rayH »l. ' DorHuls Heparato, tho tir»t
Ixw, lii^'heHt at the middle. V entrals small, luodoratoly ajiproxiiuutcd aud behind the p«o-
loruls, each with a spine and 3 soft rays."

...^'f irTT.»J,

V '

\\W2 /tN//titn /7, f/nt/tif Shitfs Natwtui! Murium,

m

fci'K

■Ai

r'

0*

' !

t ■J

5

3

fci^

„J1-

tT

if-'

"•

It

iliNtniKiit I'roiii ti|i III' NiiiMit to liiimMiC |ii-r«tpi-rriilur Npliiu; iluptli of lit>ii<l
lit oiM'i|uit *><|iiuliii^ \ itN liMiglli. Mniitli lui'KO, tlin liiwttr Jtiw iiiolntii'il,
liiit li<MM ('oiiHpiciiDiiHlv <iviTla|i)HMl tliiiii ill U. /(loA', tilt* iiiii \ 1 1 III !>' rp;irliiii;:
Iii'viiimI till' *<vo, 2| ill liiMil. l.i|iH xorytliii'k iiiiil IIohIiv in ikIiiUh, tin
iiiiior tiiitruiii of fiirli witl. u tlriiMtt IiiukI ot' lino |iii|iillir ; Inwcr lip iiiiiv uUi>
liiMir (i\ti«riiall,v \\ tow piiplllii> or iiliort liliiiiiiMitH; ii tlimliy Nlip ur (Diiiiiiiii
oticii pi't'N«Mit on iip|M<r pimtriittr iiii^lcnl' iiiii\illii, NiihiiI Hpiiii'H piiii;rcnt
riitliri Niioit; pr«*iip(tri'li> witli -' «li\oi);iiiu Npiin'M iit iiiikIi' itiiil ii third if
iiiolc oiH* Im-Iow «lii'iTt«>«l tlownwiinhind fttiwiird; tlin iipprr Hpiiio vuryiiiu
ill It^iiKtli, liiit I'xtniiliii^ iiHiiiilly iilHUit liiiU'wiiy to tip of opi>rciiliir Hpiiii>:
oprrdo with ii Htron^ rili iiiiil Hpiiit^ liiiiiMtnil iiiiil r«iihopoi'riilur Npiiics
Ntniii^; iiit4-ri>i'liititl width 5^ toll in littiid, ){uiitly I'liiinivc, itH llnor iihi
iilly n'ith IriKMw of 2 low i'IiI^hh; ii dohiiito siipriioi'liitiil tnntiirlit horiir nn
tli« Hiitorior «uid of tho on-ipitui ri<l;j;», itH IiuhhI tiili«ri'ln iii'vor fonspini
oiih; nIuihIoi- oroipiliil triitiirlo ol'ttui priMiMit, (iHpiM'iiilly in tlio yoiin^
lint not intruqiiDiitly iihsunt; lid^jo^ on oi><-iput Htion^, ot'tun irri'^iilurin
partly inturi'ipttid, tlitdr Ninfiici) roii^riionid ivith lrn^thwisi< liiit'.4oi- witli
oliiHtorH orjrriinnloH; o< ripnt inoriMh'i'pIv ronciivt* Ihtiii in M. iHtljiacniillKi-
withahm; iiHiiiilly » rliisttr of hIioiI di^itiit*> ridf^im htdiiiid th<- eyu; top
and HidcH of li<>iid with Hiiiall, warty protiihvrancos. A niiniitu poru htdiiinl
liiHt gill, to Imi d)-t«M'ted with ditliciilty in tlio yonii);. DorHaU with short
intia-NpaiMi or noiio, the niniihranr fi-oin liiHt Hpiiiit iiHiially Joining Iiiiho ol
lirHt Hoft my; MpinoiiH dormil vory hi^li in luliilt niiiloH, thu tlfth H]iiiH'
hiffhost, h iia \o\\\^ iia head. loiit;oHt Hoft ray '2\ in ht'ud; puctoralH n-iiili-
\\\^ front of anal, t\w vnitralH not to voiit; vurtirul Iiiih much lowor in tlit>
yonii);. Skin Hniooth, without piiitimor Hpiiuss in y<uing7 or H inchoH Ion;; ;
1 adult ninln of U inchoH with s<-attcr«;d Hiiiall Hiihuirciilar spinmiH platt's,
all but a fow of which .iro bidow thu liiti-ritl line. In tin- young thu ni:i\-
illiiry and uiuudihulnr iiietniirun<>s iiiu whitiMli, very conHpicnouHlyniarki'ii
with irregular Jut-hlack spotH and hlotchoH; branohioati'gal and giihn
inninbraneH and thu meiiibranu, behind the proo))urelu cn^.jHed with narrow
(lUrk struiikH; entire under side of head faintly dimky, mottled and iiiaiti-
lilted with white "like a frog'H bully;" irin with Ninall black HpotH nn<i
blotchuH; theHO colors fainter in our adult H|iecimen, where the under siilu
of head Ih nearly uniform whitiHh; thu maxillary membranuH, however.
(KHiHpicuoiiHly blaek H|iotted ; body browiiiNh, with W light-grny Huddles,
the nuiHt eonHpienouH croHHing the back of the eaiitlal pcdiUK'le immedi-
ately behind thu dorHal tin; the seeond below the dorsal notch, and tl:r
third, often obscure or wanting, forming a V-shaped area on top of hejiii,
thu 2 arms diverging from interorbital toacu toward the biiHC of opereiihir
spino; the dark areas often lighter centrally, and variously blotched ami
mottled with brown or dusky; dorsals very irregular in the marking; aiml
usually with H or I obliquu dark bars; caudal usually ^itli a basal trniiH
lucent bar followed by varying alternations of triinsliK^ent and black:
ventrals showing 2 black cross bars; pectorals with no deiinitu color pat
tern on their outer face, but crossed on their inn«'r face by a few irregular
black bars. Males show the usual round white H]>ots (ui sides of abdomen.
It is well dititiuguitihed by the speckled throat aud bully, uptly oomparod

r. j;i,i!!",^:^v*i.i> i'i-it^!-?.*ti: j_ ■•^I'^i.r.iw.^i

r,i>,r;i. J' jLi iii!r:-*.-at !i^ri>W . Ki '■i^iii-'ith.^-i^^^t^^. «■.-. . .

Jordan nttd llvtrnuinn, — Fishes of Xorlh America. llWi'J

ii, sti'lliT to tliK N|Mtckli'«l i-oior of II fro)(. \V«'Ht«rn Mli'»r« of lti>i-iii(( Mru
.iiitl OkliolHk Son; not r»uor<liul iroiii AIuhUii or tlio AlHiiiiiiii iNlitmlH,
I liiH <Umui-i|)tiori t'roiii II H|M>i!iiiiuii»' Iroiii retriipiuiUki itiitl l(<riii){ IhIiuuI,
I ikuii by tlitt .lllmlroiix. TliiH H|»«riitH Ih how i-«c'oi-<ii'tl iVoni llurint; iiiol
Motiiii iHJaiKlH, PutroiiuiiUki, uiiil tlio iiioiitli ol' tlio Aiiiiir Kivi>r. It in
I '^ iiloiitl.v ul>iiii«luiit ill wuHtfi'ii ll<'i-|ii^ Sou, but pi'obiilily (liM'H not ocoiir
unions tlio yVI«>iiti)iii IhIiiiiiIh ur on tl'ti AliiMkitn ooiMt. Tliort' hooiiih to l»u
iii> iloiilit lliiit tliiM M|H>t;i«H JH corrortly iiliiitilluil witli Miiitxtu'vphaUia
/.hiivri, with wliich It uuruoM in lin rii,\H iinil in tlio imiuliiir iintl oliarac-
iiriHtio coloration. It At{ri'«>H iiImo with tin* <lrH(>i'i|ili*Mi of Cottitt thruH-
liiimix, ft-oiii which thu tl){iii'«), howovor, tlivoi'KoM in hovciuI iiii)iortii>)t
ili'tiiila. It Ih hi(;lily iniproldihio that ('ntlim nurlniitil and iyotlim iinir-
muriiliiii can over ho HiitiHlactorily itli-nlitiotl, um wo have only voiy hiiof
III toiintH of thuia, huHutl on culorvtl drawingH. (Nainod for (jioui'^j; WIIIh'Iiii
sioller.)

MtiDXoefphatuit ii^«<((tW, Tlf.KHIt'H, Mi'-in. Acad. I't>lerMii., iv, IHIl,27n witli pliito, not rft'ern-U

t4> ill Ixxt. PetropauUkl (Cull. (i. W. SlulUr) ; Jouhan ..v (iii.iiKKT, I{<'|>I. Iiivimt, I'lir

Ht'iil IhImiiiIh, IHIM.
(ultim d«i'ii»irmiriii, Knkk, Unik. Kniii. Akuil. WiHHt-n., xxiv, 1H05, '.*, liil'. '.', Huh, 1, lu,

Decaatris Bay, near mouth of ttie Amur.
' I'litliis miirmoraluK.'' (Mvikk \ Vai.kniikn.nkh, llUt. Nut. I'iiIhm,, viii, 41»", 1831, Petro<

pauUki; on ii ilniwiiiK li.v Mkutknh.
luiiut plntyci^phalu*, I'.kan A' IIkan, I'ioc. U. .S. Niit. Mum. 1KU*I,'.MU, :ih4; not of I'ai.lah,
('(.^(11* iiiyer, \\v.Mi &. Kkan, I'roc. D. 8. Nat, .Mum. 1HU0,-J4U, U>4Mln piU't: Nuh. U'.ltJUU, :i:i872,

UUUaJ, 3U85U, 331)08, 33844, uuU 3387U) , uul ut' ilKAN.

:. !■■

'iitSH. MYOXOCKPIIALUM MEDMUN, 1). A. iionn, new i*|>ei'U<H.

lloadSi; depth Ii; oyo \ in hoad. D. VIII, 17; A. 12; V. I, 3; P. 14;
('. II. I'i'ollle of head and 1>ody Krudunlly iiHcondin^f from tip of Hiioiit to
Hixth doFHul Kpiue, tliuiu-u tapering to caudal pudnncle; ventral line almost
stniight, Hlightly tapering to ciiudal pediiiu'lc; longeNt dorsal Hpine almost
iiH long as lougoHt ray, 'A in head including llap. Month moderate, iiiax-
illary reaching about to vertical through middle of eye. I'ectoralH large,
naching slightly beyoud anal origin, the middle rays being .^ as long an
tiic head; ventrals moderately well developitd, reaching anal; uual origin
iiiulcr third ray of dor-^al, ending under fourteenth ray of tiiat tin. (till
iiii'mbranoH united, forming a fold acroHS the isthmus. I'reoculur spines
moderate; opercular spines but moderately developed; 2 tlattish tubular

• Oottua marmoratiiK in thus ilencribod:

'U. i<-14; A. 12; C. 14, otc. Uiio Hoconilo osp)^!'^, obsorvoo (Inim ccr piirnfjon pnr 1«>»
ii.'iiiiraliHteH do laniriiifl oxpodition, no purait pas uon pluH sit rapportcr A. aiicuiio do ci'lles
i|iii> noiiM nvmm dooriti-s. Copotit olialioiHMoaii n doux fortos opiiioH aiidovHiit do rii-il.
Uciix aiitrcH ]ieii alunKoes an liord dii ]>rtM>poruulo: line potito diriuoo voi-s lo lias an liord
liiin/.iiiital dii nioiuo oh, ot line axsoz t'orti; li I'anjrio de roporonli'. Lvs rayons 6i)inoiix do
I:'. |in-ini6re dofMale annt HHHOK robustes; lit ciniiiii^niu est le plus long. Ce poiHHoii a la
ti ('() ot lo dog brims, do urandos iiiarbriireH briinos ot blanclieH siir Ioh cAtC;s, ot ronj^oAtros
Hiir lo ventro. La prfni7«>ro dorsolo ostjanno, avoo iino Brando taclio briino, qui )iart do la
pointo du qiiatrlAme rayon et doMcond obliiiin-niPiit Jiisqu'au piud dii septionic. La
si'CDiido dorsalu est ronii^o. Ln oaudulejaiiuo, iiiarbr6r. do mux. La poittoralo brnne ii la
lia.so ut jauDo ensiiito. Lejanne est travorso par troiH raiei oirciilaires brunes ]ir^H do
I't'xtruinit^ dos rayons. L'analo ost blauclidtre ot tachct^;e do iioinbreux pointc rouges.
.NdiiM no connaissons anssi cette ospftce ((ue par un deasin long de quatre poueos, ooni-
iiiuuiqu^ par M. de Mertens." (Valenciennes.)

m

it ^

91 "

i!,

!'

i^>

1984 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

poreH, I on each Bide oi front of cyo; niinierouH pores ou head; 2 rows df
pores, 1 above aud 1 below, the raised ridge running hiterally on dorsal
lialf of body. General color dark reddis]) brown, mottled^ barred, ai.d
Hpotted with whito; under ]>;irts whitiHh; a wide whitish bar from opcr-
clcH acrosH nape; posterior part of iuterorbital spaco whitish; tlio dark
rolor on fnuit of snout and under lower jaw relieved by bars iind niottlinvs
of whitish; pectorals and ventralt; l)arred; rays of caudal finely uiottlod;
Hevcral {6) Hiuall white spots on body immediately behind jtectoral ori<iin,
and sev«'ral larger white blotches on lower posterior half of body. Hcrin;;
Sea. A single example, 2 inches long. It is allied to M. atdleri, fmiii
which it ditferc greatly in form and coloration. (Type, No. 33K(j;{, r. S.
Nat. MuH. Collected at Medui (Copper) Island, Bering Sea, sprint^ of IKSH,
by Dr. Leonhard Ste.jneger.) (U. A. I<ean.) (Medni, the Russian name,
meaning Copper, of the island where the species was found.)

Myoxoci'pltaluK iitedniu», U. A. Uban MS., in Joiidan f: ( iii.iiERT, Kept, i'ur Seal Invest ii;ii
tioDS, 1898, Medni Island. (Type, No. 33863. Coll. L. Stejueger.)

2857. MYOXOCKIMIALIJS XIVOSUS* (Ilorzonstein).

Hoad2i; depth 4^. D.IX, 15; A. 13; P. 17; lateral line .33 to 35. lieui
comparativi'ly d«^ep and compressed, with large mouth, narrow, deeply
concave intero'bital space, and depressed concave occiput, whicli io
bounded by strong lateral crests; at the anterior end of these cresis tlicy
are each accompanied on the outer side by a • hort ridge, and on the iiiiui
side by a still shorter ridge or a small tubercle. The occipital crests con-
verge strongly toward the nape; temporal ridges also strong; a short fila-
ment above posterior edge of orbit and 1 at posterior end of occiiiital
crest, each surn.,">nntiug a very low tubercle. Upper preopercular spine
straight, diroct«Ml toward opercular flap, scarcely reaching middle of ()]n'r-
cle, its length i diameter of orbit; the se<-ond spine is | length of upjuT,
dirt^cted downward and backward; the third points doAvnward and for-
ward, the -'oug interval between it and the second being smooth, witbimt
spine or tuborcle. The contiguous angles of sub- and inter-opercles are

* Allied to M. nivosuk is tho following species from the OkhotHk Sea:

Myoxocephalvs brandti (Steindachnkr).

Heii(12}; depth 5. D. IX, 13; A. 11; P. 17. Head narroivcd forward, the lowor jaw
included. Eye 6 in head, a little larger than snout; interorbital space dtrontjly con.'iivo,
IJ in eye. A rather long tentacle alwve eye posteriorly; behind this a riclge, low luid
rather sharp, couvcrisii.^ witli its fellow, ai'd inclosin<;'a depressed quadrangular ari-n ;
no spine at its |>08terior end; nasal spines prominent; ]>reoper('1e with 3 spines, the ii|i{M'r
shorter thiin eye, the second not § its length, the third short, blunt, and turned down-
ward; opercular spine blunt, concealed; supraacapula with a single long spine. Top dI'
head covered with small rounded warts. Lateral line with thin liony concealed plates, its
pores sending numerous simple branches above and below; below the l!it'e<'al line 2 row a
of small cross plates, ttibe-like, apparently connected with the system of tubes of thf lat-
eral line; MO rounded bony plates or scales. Longest dorsfil spine 3 in head; pectoral
moderate, a little more than i head; ventral 2) in head. He.id bluish violet above; sides
of body reddish yellow; violet niarblings on the lower lip and on the sides of the lower
.jaw, leaving; the ground color to form ocellated 8])otH; fins violet wit^i yellow spots, the
ventrals uniform yellowish. Known from 1 specimen 13 inches long from the mouth df
the Amur liivor. (Steindacbner.) (rrobably named for the natural history collector,
15randt.)

Coitus brandti, Steindachnkr, Ichth. Notizen,v, C, Taf. 3, flgs.l, 2, 1807, mouth of the Amur
River, (Type, in Vienna Mas.)

I

i
^1^

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1985

Seal Invest iya-

)i;(ivi(leil with proiiiin«MiL08 which aro not spino-liko; opercle iiud Hupia-
Hiiipula each with a Htrnng ridge uiuling in a spine; no scapnlar spine.
XiiHiil spines small, not projecting; top of bead, nape, and snhorhital
ring witii Btnull warts, many of which contain openings of the mucous
(•Mnals; hoth pairs of nostrils with short, wide tubus, .laws and vomer
w ith wide hands of cardiform tce.^.h of tujual size. A round pore, nearly as
Iiirge as nostril, immediately behind bist gill; gill mcmltranes with a
short free border mosially. Least interorbital width 'i diameter of orbit,
wliich is ^ length of head to tip of opercular spine; greatest width «»f
licad li in its length. Mouth large, the lower jaw included, the maxillary
iriiching the vortical innnediatoly behind the orldt, its length 2;{ in head.
Third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines nearly equal, the fifth longest, equal
to length of snout and J eye; a very short interspace between the 2 dor-
s.ils; second dorsal very hijih, the long^'st rays equaling length of snout
and eye; caudal gently rounded wht'u spread, its length ^ that of head
to end of opercular spine; ventrals reaching halfway to front of anal,
(;i|iialing height of second dorsal; ])ectorals scarcely to venii, the length
ot the longest rays equaling distance from eye to tip of opercular spine;
viut midway betwe«in base of f^audal and base of lower pectoral ray;
hUIu everywhere smooth. Coloration very dark on back and sides, white
lielow, with traces of blackish cross bars below the ^lorsal fins; aloirg
]owcr part of sides a number of larg«) roundish white spots, which are
present also in a band along base of ansil, becoming smaller posteri-
orly and toward middle of sides; sides of head and body, and especially
tiio dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins with scattered small spots of pearly
white; spinous dorsal with large, roundish, transparent spots, the anal
margined with white and marked with scattered white spots of various
si/cs and shapes; the thickened pectoral rays largely white ; ventrals with
;{ dusky cross bars; lower lip and mandible with white areas surrounded
l>,v dusky reticulations. Okhotsk Sea, the type from St. Olga Bay. Here
described from a large specimen 39 cm. long from Iturup Island, one of the
Kiirils. (Coll. Albatross.) Out specimen agrees well with the description
of the much smaller type (185 mm), apparently difl'ering in the shorter
pectorals and more deeply concave interorbital space. Tho white spots
also show no tendency to run together to form streaks either along back
01 on tho bases of the lins. (niromts, snowy.)

Ciittutnivomt, HEitztNSTBiN, Melanges Biologiqui's du Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.retcr»li., xii,

li:(, 1890, St. Olga Bay.
Mijiixoeephahu nivo»as, Jokdan & Gii^ert, Ropt. Fur. Seal Inveat., 1898.

?-'■"

f:

hof the Amur

2858. MYOXOCKPIIALU-« MdER (Bean).

(Black Sculpin.)

Head ?.h D. IX or X, 16; A. 11 or 12; V. I, 3; P. 16; B. 6. Nasal
spines blunt, covered with skin; no spines above orbits or on occiput; no
siiJirp spines on head except the 2 upper preopercular spines, which are
iiiinost concealed; the uppermost as long as eye, 6 in head, and equal to
snout or interorbital space ; top of head with line dermal granulatitms, the

i.

-lM;!g*>lL-'J?!j^' 'jfjjjjj '■^'I'.WJ^^SiS^^S'-

^f^

1986

Dullclin ^7, United States National Museum,

vertex with niiincruiiH sleniler tentiu^leH, ii Hoft teutacle uf tuoder.iic
lengtli iibovo eye; jaws equal, the lower slightly incliuliMl; inaxillniv
longer than fourth tlorHal opine, 2 iu lutad, reaching hinder margin of orhii.
Caudal and veutralH each \ length of head; pectoral not reaching v<Mii:
Bkiu Hmooth. A small .slit behintl last gill. Color typically, almost hhuK ;
sides mottled Avith lighter brown, sometimes with round white bhittliis
on Im'II.v and sides; pectoral plain or with white blotches. Specimens frnm
granitic rocks have sanded coloration corresponding to the hue of the sin-.
roundings. I'ribilof Islands; very abundant in the crevii-es of black luv.i
rocka of St. Paul and St. George. Also obtained in some abundance aitout
the Komundorski Islands, Medni and leering.

This strongly marked species can be readily distinguished by its pecu-
liar coloration, the greatly thickened naked skin which partially concenln
the short nasal and opecuhrr spines, and the numerous tentacles surmount-
ing the warty tubercles on crown and occiput. The fins may be nniibriuly
black with a narrow white tip to the soft rays, or may be move or los
variegated with white. On the soft dorsal, these marks are in the form of
white spots which may become confluent to form 1 or 2 streaks. In soine
specimens, the cauda! membranes are white in their middle portion tlie
rays remaining black. The under side of head and the maxillary mem-
branes are sometimes marked with large blackish spots with ill-dellncd
edges.

In addition to the minute pores which lie at intervals along the coiirs<>
of the lateral I'.ie, the latter gives off pairr of lateral branches, each of
which opens in 3 or more small pores. The sides of the head are also thickly
studded with pores. Owing to the thickened integument, the pectorals
and ventrals are more largely adnate to the body than in other species.
The fin rays are as foUoAvs, in 10 specimens :

First (lorsiil.

Second dorsal.

Anal.

Pectoral.

Rays

IX.
6

X.

4

15.
1

16. 17.

11.

12.

10.
2

17.

Speoiinena . .

8

1

3

7

8

{niffer, black.)

? Cottutmertensii* Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Pois9.,viii, 496, 1831, Petropaulski;

on a drawing by Mektens.
Cvltut niger. Bean, Proc. U. S. iS'at. Mtm., iv, 1881, 151, St. Paul Island, Pribilof Island

(Coll. H. W. Elliott) ; Jordan & Gu.bekt, Synopsis, 707, 1883.
Myoxncephahia niger, Jordan & Gilrert, Ropt. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

* Gottut msrtengii, is tbus described : II ae rapprocho du petit obaboissean do Groi'Tilmiil
jiar le nombre dc rayons de I'anale ; mais par cenx des dorsales il est plus voisin dii Cutliii
of<o-d«ctJ>i-»pino»M.t, ct il a les epines de la prenudre dorsale tcit aussi fortes. Voifi Irs
uombres compt<''8 par le natnraliste russe. D..-, i5; A. 12; ('.10; P. 18, etc. La Icie
(larait lisse; sans Opines pr^s d<>s narincs. La point<> du ])r£<oporcule u'atteintpas I'an^lu
de I'opercule. Lescouleurs indiquees sur le dessiu qui nous a et»') coinniuiiiqu6 par M . iId
Mertens, <jtaient do ^randes niarbrures do bistre fouce sur un fond jaun&tre. Co desMin
repr^aente an individu long de buit pouces.

i,i*ij*.u\x j^-.--

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 1987

73a. MEGALOCOTTUS, (Jill.

Mtmlwoitui, OlLL.Proc. Ac. Nat. Scl. Tliiln. 1861, 106 (plati/cephnluii).

Tliis ju;enu.s includus laigo scnlpina, with broad tint heiuls, dift'eriiig from
Mijoxocephalni' chiolly in tlni sb.trply projta'tiug lowerjiiw; the preopiJic'Io
has 3 Hpiiies, the npi»>r Hbort aud straight, the low<>rnioHt ttiriu-d down
wiinl; dentation as in MifoxocrphahtH; Hnprascapnia v,•ith2Hpinon8p^ojec-
ti(MlH; top of li»«ad warty; 8id<'S with roiiudod tnltoroles iu the adnit; lat-
tr.il line of He|)aratcd pores; a large pore behind hist gill. North Paciti<'.
(///Vfts, great; Horrog, cottns.)

II. Iiit«'rorl>itul space iiiodoratu, tiliuiit equal to eye in atliilt; vnitralH reaching niial
impillii. I'I,ATYCE1MIAI.I'S, 2;i59.

aa. luterorbital spuco very broad, If diameter of eye in adult; vuntrals not roarbiug
vent. LATicEPs, 2360.

2:iaft. MKtiAliOCOTTUS PLATYCKPIIAIiUS (Tallas).

Head 3. D. VIII, !?• A, 12; V. I, 3; P. 16 or 17; lateral line 40. Lower
jaw somewhat longer than npper; eye 5 in head, as long as snont; nasal
spines distinct; orbital rim moderately prominent; a low ri«lge behind it
toward the oceipnt, withont spines or points. Top of head between these
ridf^es forming a qnadrangiilar depression, as broad as the eye in fiont,
l)iit narrower behind. Toj> of head covered with naked, warty skin.
i'ie()i)ercle with 4 spines, the npper as long as eye, directed upward and
hiickward, the second much shorter, the others directed downward. Oper-
cle with a long forked ridge, ending in 2 short diverging spines; a spine
ilirected downward <m subopercle; two sharp spines on scapular region,
tiio lower the longer and touching the first tube of the lateral line. Lat-
eral line complete, above, it numerous rounded bony plates armed with
spiuules aa in J/, laticeps; these in 2 rows anteriorly and 1 posteriorly ; a few
similar plates below lateral lino. Fins all high, the soft dorsal especially
so. Color dark, with many dark shades and spots on throat aud belly,
especially on gill membranes; sides and belly (in males) with irregular,
round white spots; first dorsal with round pale spots, the membranes
otlierwise largely dusky ; soft dorsal with 3 or 4 dark obli<ine cross shades,
between which are rows of ]»ale spots; anal with 4 dark oblique cross
slia<les; caudal with 3 narrower dark stripes; pectoral with 4; ventrals
dusky with pale spots. Okhotsk Soa and western part of Bering Sea.
This description (after Knor) from a single specimen, 7^^ inches long, from
Decastris Bay, near the mouth of the Amur. The species is close to M.
laiicrps. which has been recorded from Alaska as Cottua to'tiiopterua, but the
2 species are different, and the type of M. pJatiiccjihalua has the narrower
luterorbital space of M. twniopterii8. So far as known M. laticepn is found
tin the eastern shores «>f Bering Sea, and .)/. platyctphalus on the western.
i»r. Ililgendorf has, at our request, reexamined Pallas's tyjie of plat y-
cepliaUia, a specimen a foot long. He notes: Lower jaw projecting; fin
rays not easily counted, the skin being dried and varnished. D. VIII-14 ;
A. 11. A sketch of the head shows the armature of M. laticeps, but the
eyes closer together, 1 diameter apart. There is a blunt tubercle behind

I- ■

ii.^

1088 Bulletin ^7, United States National Afuseum.

each eye and 1 nt the occiput ; thoapiiieou thesiipraHcaptihi is forked. ,1 id
tho lower fork ia twice tho length of the other. The uppi^r preoperci lnr
spine is ahout \ longer than tlio second. {nXarVi, broad; He.(ptt\f}, hcii 1.)

Ooltn* lUatyciphalut,* PaixaS, Zoogr. lioBfio-Asiat., ill, 135, 1811, Kamchatka; iiftnr Si i i..

LKK; CUVIElt iV. VAr.KNCIKNNBH, HiHt. Nllt. PoisH., IV, 177, 18'21>.

Cottiia tamiopterui, Knek, Sitzlicr Ak. AVisH. Wion, Lvni, 1808, 18, Taf. 14, Hg. 10, Decas- ris

Bay, near mouth of Amur River. (No. 5574, Mua. Wiun.)
Megalocottu* platycephalus, UiLL, .7roc. Ac. Nat. Sci, rbila. 1801,160.

k

\\ I

1^

23G0. MEOALOOOTTIJK LATK'EPM (Gill)crt).

This species ditt'ers from M. plafifcephalus (ta^nioptrrus, as shown in Kini s
fignre) in the following respects: The interorbital width is greater, I,'
times the diameter of the eye in laiiccps, etpialing th«! eye in plati/veplinhiii.
Similarly thc! distance between the anterior ends of occipital ridges is 1;,
times diameter of eye in lativcps, equal to eye in platyccphaliis. Coiisiiicu.
ons supraorbital and occipital tubercles in laticcpa, each surmounted l>y .a
fleshy filament; in pUtlywphalus "crown and oecijjut are v.ithont piomi
nenc(^8 or spines, covered only with naked warty skin." In laiicvps 1h
preopercle has 2 diverging spines a single downwardly directed Hplno
below them. In platyvcphalua are '2 downwardly dire<'ted spines below t \w
angle. The ventrals are much shorter, not reaching vert when depressed,
while in phtfyccphalus they reach the anal palillic. The dorsals are also
much lower in laticeps. The principal features of this species are the veiy
broad flat head, short wide snout, projecting lower jaw, the 2 pairs of
cephalic tubercles provided with tubercles, the verrucose head, the very
short preopercnlar spines, the large pore behind the last gill, the presenco
of circular spinous plates above the lateral line and prickles belo\\ it.
H«'a(l and anterior part of body broad, depressed, th(^ depth of head, .it
occiput, If in its greatest width, its length 2J in body. Body taperiii.u to
a slender caudal pedvincle, whose least height is equal fco diameter of oyo,
Depth of body 4 to 4f in length. Intoiorbital space very wide, shallowly
concave, its width li times diameter of orbit, and 4 to 4i in head. The low
supraocular ridge ends in a blunt tubercle above hinder margin of eye wli k i\
grows higher with age, depressed, bounded by 2 low ridges which con-
verge very strongly toward the nape, where they curve out again in low
rounded tubercles; tiie inclosed depressed area is twice as wide anteriorly
as it is at the narrowest j>osterior part. A strong temporal ridge, less <lis-

* The following is tlio Hubstanco of Fallas's uccouiit of Cottus plati/cephalug. D. VII 12;
A. 11; C. 10; !'. 15; V.I, 3. Head large, much depressed, as though <'ru8hed, as hrojil aa
body. Tail slender; mouth largo, lower jaw projecting; teeth on vomer, none on jiiilii-
tines. Belly much inflated. Nostrils tubular. Slyea moderate, near together; vciiix
Hat behind the eyes, with a ridge on each side, in front of which, near the orbit, is ii
bony tnl)erclo; beliindatlhe nape, oblong tubercles, each ending in a short spine; |in'-
O|)orcle with 2 very strong, diverging spines above; opercle with a concealed spine; liiic r;il
line with concealed, elongate plates; between it and the dorsal some round very rmi^'li
warts, smaller ones below; pectorals large; dorsal spines feeble. Olivaceous, much v;irii-
gated with greenish lines on sides of body below; spots large below the t!"l; dois.iU
translucent, varied with brown; caudal yellowish with faint bands; pectorals and iinal
banded. Length 12 inches. Kamchatka. (I'allas.) The ty7<« in the museum at Iteiliii
has no teeth on the palatines. The generic name Megalocottua was originally bnse<l on tlio
supposed presence of palatine teeth, a fallacious character. The character of the pro.jccl-
ing chin lias, however, generic value. Pallas says: "In area luuata palatio medii ut
utriuque liueari," which.lf we translate it correctly, is not true.

Jordan and Evcrniann. — Fishes of North America. 1989

g. 10, Deca;., ris

tiiict in young apucinions. Nasal Bpincs vory Hniiill. Month wide, trnns-
VI iHu, oblique, the iiiuxillury ruucLing vurtical trout hinder ed<;e of pupil,
'>}. in head ; nnindihh^ with its triangular tip ]>r<itruding well beyond upper
\[\w in adults, the Jaws nearly e<|uul in y<uing; leugtli of sntuit equal to
intorurbital width. Hands of Hliort cvrdiforni tt^eth on the Jaws, an<l a
broad patch on vomer; none on palatines. A cuuHpicuouH iiore behind hiHt
ir\\\. (iill uiembraurH almost wholly ,j(»ined to the iHtlinins, the free border
siurcely UJJticeable, itn width less than ^ diameter of the Hiuall pi"dl. Kye
Hiiiall, shorter than snout, 5A to UA in head. Preopercle with 2 Khort strong
s]iiiH;M diverging backward, and a strong coneeiiled ]ioint below directed
downward and forwanl ; np])er preo])ereiilar spine about equal to eye, but
liith^ longer than the lowT and reaching ^ the distance from iv,^ base t<t
tin- tip of the opercular Hap; operele with a well-marlied longitudinal rib
umling in v. sharp point; si-apular and subopercular spines present. Entire
to|i ami sides of head,nap(*, and anterior dorsal region (rovered with sumll
lU-rmal warta; supraorbital and occipital tubercles with short tilaments.
Space above the lateral line with an irregular series or double series of
,;!i;e round spinous tubercles; a few 8cattere<l plates on sides below the
lilt i-ral line; axil smooth; plates of lateral line concealed in skin. Spinous
dorsal low, its longest spine lA in second dorsal and 3 in head. In some
Hiiccimens a single line of suniH sharp tubercles, resembling spines, extends
ciidi side of the rays of the second dorsal. The 2 dorsals arc separated by
ii narrow space; i»e«'torals large, reaching front of anal, the lowt-r rays
iinich thickened; caudal rounded; ventrals reaching jj distance to vent.

I (orsal IX, 14 ; anal 13 ; pectoral 18 ; ventral 1, 3 ; lateral line 3() to 40. Color
dark olive brown above, with faint traces of 1)lackish bars; sides spotted
or niarbeled with whitish ; belly and lower parts generally white; a black-
isli blotch on cheeks, 1 on op'Tcle, and a third on frotit of mainlible; pec-
toral rf,ys dusky, the membrane whitish, the tins crossed by 3 or 4 wavy
black burs, which sometimes join, inclosing oblong or roundish white areas ;
spinous dorsal not banded, the dusky and translucent areas vari<uisly
arranged; soft dorsal with 5 oblique broad dusky bars; anal with 4 bars
sometimes uniting to inclose white spots; caudal similar to pectoral and
ai'al; brilliantly ccdored males are largely black on sides and below, with
many large, rounded, partially continent pearly white spots. Length (5 to

II inches. (Gilbert.) East shore of Bering Sea ; known from 13 specimens
from the Nushagak River, near its mouth; 1 from Herondeen Hay on the
northern side of the Alaskan Pcniusula and from Port Clarence (IScofield'').
{I(ttu8, broad; -ccpa, head.)

V"ttiiii iKniopterm, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 248; Bean, in Turner's Nat. Hist.

Alaska, 94, pi. 6, 1886; not of Kner.
Aiii nthocottus laticepg, Giliiert, Kept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 422, pis. 26 and 27,

Nushagak River and Herendeen Bay, Alaska. (Coll. Albatross.)
ilnjalocottu* laticeps, Scofielu, in Jordan &. Gilbert, Rept. Fur Seal Invest. 1898.

■ Mr. Scoflcld observes : "We took 4 specimens of this species at Port Clarence. They
(lill'tT from the typos sliffhtly in coloration. Our specimens are dark, almost black ; below
the anterior portion of tlie second dorsal is a darker saddle-like marking on the body;
till' caudal is black at the base and has an undulating dark band on its posterior third;
tilt! pectorals vary, being either l)audt'(l or mottled. (One specimen lias distinct bands on
1 pi'ctoral while the others are simply mottled with black.) There is no slit behind last
Kill arch."

F

! i

1090 nitllctin /7, l/nitcd States National Museum,

733. ZESTICELUS, Jordan «.V Kvorraiiu.

XfiHcelut, JouvAS &. Evrumann, Climk-LiBt KisliuH, 44:i, lXi)6 (pro/undurum).

D(M-p-a»ii Hriil|)iiiH, cloHtily alliuti to I'orocolliia, hut with the sktlitun
little (levflopcMl, thu hrad soft uiul Hpoii^;)', tilltMl witli intiroiiH rhaiiiiciN,
the Ml<in perfectly smooth, the lateral liiiu reduced to a serieH of Hopinattt
o]M>ii poreH, the vertical fins few-rayed and weak. Preopereular s|iiiH'
Hleudor, curved upward. Deep HcaH; 2 species known; prohaltly dcj;i;ii||.(|
from I'orovottua, tlic soft sUcleton and fecidc structure being results of
deop-Bca life. {t,f.6r6<i, soft-boiled, Icelitt>, a son oi' the god of sleep. 1

a. DorHitl rayH VI or VII, 10 to 13; unul rnytt 8 to 11; puctoriil 2U; upper preopon uinr
spiuo usuully not roavlilutj opercular niurgin. ruuFUNUUKLM, :::iui.

2:101. ZKSTICELUS i>ROFU>DURUX (Gilbert).

Head 2S ; depth .''). 1). VI or VII, 10 to 13; A. 8 to 11; pectoral 20; ven-
tral 1, 3; lateral line with 17 pores. From above the head ajipiurs
smooth and evenly rounded, without projecting spines or ridges. Tlic
occipital depression is very shallow' the occipital riilges dejtressed, scarcely
noticeable, ending in depressed spines, which are made out with ditliciilt\ .
Nasal spines undeveloped, the nasal bone small, posteriorly pointed. Imt
not furnished with a projecting spine. Upjier preopereular spiue Htiouirl y
comiiressed, curved upward, not reaching opercular margin, its length
equaling diameter of eye; no spine at its base in front; below it 2
short, strong spines directed downward and backward, and 1 more slan-
der downward and forward; opercle with ii longitudinal rib ending; in u
short spinous point; a short si)iue on angle of opercle, and 1 below it on
interoper(;le. Mucous canals every wln-re greatly enlarged, giving; ii
spongy texture to the entire head; series of very conspicuous pores on (he
preopercle, the mandible, and below suborbital chain. Mouth broad,
obli<|ue, the ma.xillary reaching middle of pupil,'2jt in head; mandible
slightly ]>rotruding. Minute teeth in upper jaw, anteriorly in 2 raihcr
distinct rows, laterally in narrow bands; teeth on vomer, none on {tiila-
tineo. Eye longer than snout, 3J to 4 in lujad. Interorbital width 1 di-
ameter of orbit. Gill membra..^8 widely jointed, with a wide free ].osie-
rior edge; no slit nor pore behind last gill. liody smooth, without plates,
granulations, or filaments; no plates developed in connection with the
lateral line; pores of lateral line in a double series, the 2 closely ajiproxi-
mated, those of the lower series much the larger; no evident tubercles Ity
which these communicate with the main canal. Longest rays of second
dorsal k length of head, twice the longest dorsal spine; pectoral rcacliinf;
front of anal or slightly beyond; ventrals short, not nearly reaching vent.
Upper parts very light brownish, the belly and sides below lateral line
<'ark brown; tins blackish; mouth an<l gill cavity dark. A deep-sen
^orra, characterized by the obsolescence of the occipital and nasal spines,
the absence of the accessory spine in advance of upper preopereular spine,
and in the more uiuuerous rays of dorsal and anal fins. Length about 2

w

Jordan and Evcrnioiin. — Fisfics of North Anwrica. 1001

nicbea. Boring Ht'u in deep wiitur, 4 HperiiiieiiH known ; from ntl' IJuiilnHka
in :M) fatlioniH, and north of Ito^oHlof iHliind at Mhuirosn Station 3<>:i4, in
()iil fntiioniH, wlieiyt a singlu Hpociiu«>n 58 nun. was obtained. TbiH Bpe«'i-
iiM'n closolj' iM'senibloH the type of /fmU'elua profundorum, l»ut the Hpines
iiio Honiewhat utrongor than in the latter and \\w fiiia sltorter. lu the
r.ojfoslof Hptifinien the upper prooporcnhir spine extends to margin of
(i|)orcIe, and the oeeipital Hpines are more evident, terminating in Hbort
siroMgridgeH. 1). VII. 10; A. K; l'.2(). Tholower jtartH, up to and inelnd-
iiig the lateral line, areblaekisb, the line Heparating them from tb<« lighter
under parts very Hharply detined. Finn allblaek. OtherwiHO eHsentially
iiH in the type of Z. y>rq/'H«</or»/m, with which we now consider it identical.
The variation in the tin rays iu this species is couHiderable, if the tigiires
j^ivi^n by Dr. (iilbert are correct. One of the eotypes, however, has I*. 20,
not 17 or 18, as stated by Gilbert. The ligure also shows 20 rays in the
)i(>ctoral. It also shows 11 rays in the anal, while our specimen has but 8.
(profundorum, of the depths.)

Aeantlweottua profundorum, GiLnERT, Rept. V. S. Fish Comin. 1893 (1896), 423, pi. 26, Bering

Sea north of Unalaska Island at Albatross Station 3329, in 399 fathoms.
'/.ettieelu* profundorum, Jobdan & Gilbeut, Kept. Fur Seal Invo8ti{;atiou8, 1898.

734. DASYCOTTUS, Bean.

Dasycottm, Rean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 42 (»eti<jer).

Head large, with large, bony tubercles and nnnnerous filaments. Mouth
wide, jaws ecpial, or lower .jaw slightly projecting. Teeth minute, in
villiform bands in jaws; vomerine teeth in 2 patches, separated by au
interspace; palate toothless. Preopercle with 2 spines at its angle and 2
rndimentary ones on each edge of its lower limb. Gills 3i, no slit behind
tiie last; gill rakers short, tubercular, in moderate number; gill mem-
liranes free xrom isthmus; pseudobranchiie present. Skin smooth, except
on nape and along dorsal base, where it bears a few small, bony tiiben-les.
Spinous dorsal well developed and separated from the soft dorsal by a
(loef, notch; pectorals moderately long, their rays procnrrent below j ven-
trals with a spine and 3 rays ; caudal rounded. North Pacific. Very close
to Cottunctilu8, apparently diflfering in having cirri on the head and the
preopercular spines not hidden by skin. (SatJus, woolly; Cottua.)

2362. nASYCOTTlS SKirUKR, Bean.

''' ■'■■
'I "-.

Head 2; depth 3. D. IX, 15; A. 13; V. I, 3; lateral line (pores) 11 or 12.
I]ye nearly equal to snout, § length af head. Maxillary expanded behind,
its length eiinaliug that of snout and eye combined, extending to a little
behind middle of eye. Pectoral extending to above anal origin; ventral
\ as long as postorbital part of head; longest dorsal spine about equaling
eye in length; spinous dorsal with 2 dusky bands extending down on the

V

m- :,

Ipi: :Si^'i:

^M'f:''

^^HQb^ii-t

Tkm ^

(1

M

r.^

is.

t^

TJ

'^

1092

liullctin

/7.

(hiitcd States National Museum.

siileH; Buft doi-Biil with 2 Imnila; n Hiniilar one at onndal base and 3 narrow
baiitlH oil bucoimI half of caiulul ; pocturul iiidiMtiitrtly baiidod; hiMd
Hpeckh-d with brown dotn. (Itoan.) North I'aciHc; the types from .Who..
IroKH Station 2S55, north latitude 57'^, wuHt longitude 153 ' 18', at a deptli
of (*!> fathoiUH, ott' Sitkalidak Island; our specinions front Pugot Uonud mid
off Karlnk. Conct^ming this Hpecit-B Dr. Gilbert observos:

"Taken at AWalrots HtatiooB 3'n(), 3257, 3310, 3311, and 3334, locat. d
north and Houth of the Alaukan i'eniusula, and north of Unalaska InIiukI,
in 50 to H5 fathouiH. TubcruleH on hea«l definitely placed; 1 in front ,,(
eye; 4 above orbit, the posterior 1' the iargoHt; a pair on middle of hiiU
orbital Htay, with a Nuniller one above them; 1 on temporal region, an<l 1
on Hhonlder; by far the largeHt pair on occiput, where they are iii;;li,
cotn]>roHHed spines, directed vertically upward, as long nn diunietei nf
pupil; nasal B]>iDe8 obsolete. Cirri an^ generally distributed over npiHi'
part of head and body, the longer <mos being specially numerous on max-
illary, under surface of nuiudible, and on the operele and preopercle; of
the larger ones, 2 often proceed from 1 bt<se; a series of Hliort filaments
along upper edge of pupil. Mucous pores largo, those of the mandibiiliir
and buccal series slit-like. In adults the dorsal bands break up into
series of sjiots and become inconspicuous." {seta, bristle; f/cro, I bear.)

Datyeottxu setiger, Hban, Vrw. V. 8. Nut. Mus. 1800, 43, oti' Sitkalidak Island, Alaska
(Tyi>o, No. 45.'J70. Coll. ,1 Ihntrota) ; Jordan & Stakks, I'roc. Cul. Ac. Scl. 1805, 810, pi.
83; GiLUBUT, Kept. v. S. Fish Conim. 1803 (1806), 411.

735. COTTUNCULUS, Collett.

Cottuneulut, Collett, Norjjes FlHke, 30, 1875 {mieropa).

IJody tadpole-shaped, the head extremely large, the body tapering np-
idly from the shoulders to the slender tail; mouth rather large, terminal,
oblique, the jaws about e(iual ; villiform teeth in the jaws ; a double ]>at eh
on vomer; no teeth on the palatines; no spines on the head, the tubir-
cular surface of the skull covered by skin; skull thin, its bones not iinii.
Gills 3^, no slit behind the last arch; gill membranes broadly joined to
the isthmus, their union extending to above the lower edge of the base of
the pectorals. Pseudobranchiio very small; no cirri, scales, or prickles;
the skin thin and movable, smooth, or roughened with small wartH.
Spinous dorsal little developed, the 2 fins usually «-ontinuou8; spines vi ry
slender, flexible, embedded in the skin; pectorals short, procurrent below;
ventrals v«'ry short, well separated, their rays I, 3; caudal rounded.
Deeper parts of the Atlantic. (A diminutive of Cottna.)

a. Aual raya 10.
aa. Anal rays 13.

MICBOP8, 23(1.'!.
THOMHONn, 23C4.

2:J68. <;0TT1JNCULUS MICR0P8, CoUett.

Head 2f; depth 3^ D. VI, 19; A. 10. Head very large, its lengtli,
breadth, and depth nearly equal; the greatest depth at the nape; 4 bony
tubercles on top of head and some at the sides, all covered by the skin ;

' I

Jordan and livcrmann. — Fishes ofNorth America. 1093

ltd 3 nuriow
lulod; li<^ 1(1
i Iroiu AUhi-
, at a <le|it|i
t Hoiiuil iiiiU

334, locatnl
iiHkii IhIjiiiiI,
. in tVoiil lit'

(Itilu of Hllli

i-giou, and I
ay arc lii;;li,
diunietur uf
I over upiicr
I'oiiH on niiix-
peopcrcle; uf
)i-t iil.nnciits
I inamltbnliir
reak up into
'0, I bear.)

Island, Alaska
lei. 1805, 81U. |>1.

aporing rap-

ge, tcrniinal,

double patch

, the tnbi r-

nes not tinn.

ly joined hi

■ the base of

or prickles;

^mall wartH.

spines vt TV

rrent below ;

al rounded,

MICROPB, 23ii:!.
:homsonii,23W.

its lengtli,
lape; 4 bony
by the skin;

InwiT Jaw included; nnixiHary uxtcudin^r to 1m>Iow tlio niiddb' of tht> eye,
wliirh iH I'liual to the nnont, and about 1( in h*'ad; Hulturbital stay iind tin-
iu iirliiHh «Migi> of tli<> prropt>nlo both uovrred by HUiooth Hkin; rhiu and
|iivorbital with pores; nkin cvfrywhcro thin, Huniewbat movable, its hui-
f;iro roughened by Hniiill blunt warts; (birsal liu riuitinuous, tlio feeble
M|)i Ill's lowtu' than the soft rays; pertorals barely luarliing anal ; caudal
liiii;;. Color pale, with :t broad, dusky cross bands on body aiitl tins, 1 on
Iliad, I throu|/rh spinouH dorsal and pectoral, and 1 through second d«>rsal
and anal, bcsitlcs a small band at base of caudal. I<cngth8 inches. Deep
« liter oil* coasts of Norway and lihode Island; taken by the United Htates
I'i^li Coiuniissiuu in the expeditions of the Itlake, Finh llawk, and .llhalroHn.
1 1 lie described from specimens taken otV Ikhode Island. {/iiHfjus, small;
i")i!; eye.)

(iiitiiiu'uUii micnipii, Cou.ETT, Nurg08 Fisko, 20, |il. 1. II^h. l-;i, 1875, Haavig, near Ham-
merfcBt, Norway, in aoo fathoms (Cull. rrot'. (>. P. Hnrn) ; (Joi.mctt, Moililclelncr oiii
.V.irncH-FiHku, l«7.'>-78, 1870; CoLLETT, Forli. Viil. Scl«k., Ciiriutiania, 1880, 11 ; Coi.lktt,
N'oiHk. Nordh. Exped., 18, jil. 1, tl)B;s. 5, 0; \yt. Jfft);- *• Natiirvid., xvni, 53, 1HH4: Htkum,
Norsk. Vlil. Solsk. Skritt. 1880, 75; (Joodk, Proc. V. S. N»(. Mim. 1H80, 470; Coode &.
llK.v.v, ISiiU. Mud. ('oiiii». Zool., x, 212, 1883; LiU-iEBoito, Svorin. ocli. Norj,', Fiske, 11.1;
.FoilliAN A- (fILIIKHT, .SyilopHJH, 08H, 1883; (JOntheu, Clmlli'iiner Itcport, xxu, GO, i»l. 0,
tig. A, 1887 ; GouuB & BUA.N, Oceituio Iclith., 260, Ugii. 257 und 201, A, 13, 1806.

iU4. (;0TTU>t'ULU8 TIIOMSOMI (GiintLer).

lIead2A; depth 3i to 4; eye4i in head; snout l.V; D. VI, 17; A. 13; P. 22;
V. 1,3; C. 10. Head and body smooth, scaleless, covered with a tough,
lux skin; length of head nearly ^ extreme length of body, including cau-
dal, its greatest height i body without caudal; greatest width of head
twice length of maxillary; distance of vent from insertion of anal equals
Icn^ith of maxillary; eye close to dorsal profile; iittermaxillary long and
slender, slightly more than 3 times in distance from tip of snout to inser-
tion of first dorsal, 3^ in head; maxillary very slender, except in posterior
lliiid, where it is considerably expanded; mandible very stout, posteriorly
widimed, its length contained nearly 2^ times in head. Teeth in broad,
villilbrm bands on intermaxillary and mandible; 2 short, separate, similar
bands on vomer; none on palatines. Head armed with blunt spines as in
('. micropa. Distance of dorsal from tip of snout nearly equal to i total
leii<;;th, caudal included; anal fin midway between tip of snout and eiul of
caudal; length of upper pectoral rays equal to that of postorbital portion
of bead, its rays diminishing rapidly in size, the lowest being exceedingly
short; distance of ventral from tip of snout i of total length without
caudal; length of free portion of ventral equals eye. Color light brown,
the iius somewhat darker. Northern Atlantic, in deep water. Length 6
iu( lies. Specimens obtained by the Blake from Station 306, in 41° 32' 50"
north latitude, 65° 55' west longitude, etc. ; also by the Albatross from Sta-
tion 2181, in 39" 29' north latitude, 71° 46' west longitude, etc., and by the*
rish Hawk from Station 1029, in 39° 57' 6" north latitude, 69° 16' west
longitude, etc. (Named for Sir C. Wyvilbt Thompson, Regius professor
of Natural History iu the University of Edinburgh, lirst Dir»;ctor of the
3030 48

; '.. ' .'■■'■»

1

u^-

1094 Bulletin 77, United States National Afnsnnn.

(.'iviliiiii Stiilt'oii lutiinl II.M.H. r/«(W/«'n//mliiring her inaKuilkcriit Hi-ii>ntiii(;
i>x]tloriit loiiH.) ((•ooiluiV Hkiiii.) (Kii.)

<'ofM<xM»m«o;iii, (irNTiiKH, rriK'.Koyiil.SiM'. Kiliiibiir|{li, XI, 18H'J, 079, Challenger Statum 4,
Colhinriihia ton'ii», (loonie, I'rof. I'. H. Nut. Mum., hi, IMMO. 4711, Qulf Stream, off HlioJe

Utand; Ododk ii. IIkan, Itiill. Mim. Cuiiip. Zuul., x, 212, 2i:i, 18i*:i; •Iouhan .V (iILiiiut,

S.\ lioimlN, flH»4. 18h:;.
Cultuneulu* (/iuw«o/iti, (iOntiikii, ('hiillintritr Uc|Mirt, xxii, 01, pi. 11, il^. II, 1HM7,

736. MALACOCOTTUS, Muuii.

MuUwieittluM, ItKAN, IVoc. I'. S. Nut. Mum. IHOO, 12 (zintiirvt).

Shiipo Hliniliir to that uf CoIIuhciiIuh. Hody tapering rupidly to iho
hIoiuIui' tiiil; lioatl liir^^u; mouth teriiiiuiil; Jiiwh Hubc«|iiiil; iiiiiiiit<> villi-
Ibriii teeth in hnuul Itiinda un maxillary and uiandibhs vomrr and piilatc
toothloHN; proopurcuhini iirniud with nhort, Htout, nimplo H]iinL'8. Wuwv^
of tlio Hkull thin. (Jills lU, no Hlit liehind the hiHt. (iill openings wiiU*,
th<^ mombranoN broadly atta(;hod to the iHthiuuH. Gill rakers tiibfrciilar,
in moderate number. Spinous dorsal low, separated Ity a deep uotch t'nuii
thu sol't dorsal. Pectorals proennent in front; vontrals smivll; ctbuln)
rounded; vent distant from the anal origin. Head and Itody naked. Lat-
eral line consisting of a Neries of large pores. North Pacilio. (yMcrA.t'n):,
.soft; CotlitH.)

2»05. XAIiACOrOTTIS ZON'ITRirs, Huiin.

Eye 1^^; snout M.I; deptii eipialing length of head without snout, 1).
IX, H; A. 11; >'. I, 3; lateral line (pores) abont 14. Interorbital Hpaccs
less than A length of eye. Maxillary extending to below middle of < vp.
I'ectonil reaehing to a vertical through the anal origin or a little beyond;
ventral ix'areely as long as eye; spinouH dorsal low, its base !, as loii;> mh
head, its longest spine j{ as long as eye; origin of dorsal imuiedi.iti'lv
above upper angle of gill opening; least height of tail scarcely :i leii;,rth
of eye; four spines on preopercle, the largest less than i as loiij{ ac
eye and with a sui)]dementary spine at its base. A dark-brown sadtlle-
shaped band over the end of spinons dorsal and 2 on soft dorsal; a hniwn
band at base of tail and 3 on caudal ; pectoral with several indistinct (l.irk
bands intermingled with pale areas; tips of pc orals in their lower half
milky white. Length 4f inches. Coasts of Alaska, about the peuiiisiila.
Concerning this spcscies Dr. Gilbert observes:

Several MpociuienH were tnkeu noith of UnaluHka Island and south of TTnimnk Inlaiul,
in i;{Hiiud351 fnthouiH. Nasal spinoB obsolete; siipruorbital riiu low, sliglilly t^lcvalcil
iu front but not behind, the interorbital space wide, Hhallowly concave. Occiiml with
2 blunt conical prutuberanceH in lieu of ridges, and without spineit; a Hlight (iriipjtal
depression; preopercular angle with 3 radiating spines of nearly equal length, a Hiiiallt'i
spine directed outward in advance of the middle one of the 3 ; below these a partially con.
(tealed spine directed downward and forward. Opercular rib very strong, sharp antirimly,
broadening behind and provided with 3 low ridges, not ending in a definite spine : a .tjii-
nous point on suboperde and 1 on interopercle ; none on shoulder. Anterior nuH.il tiilit>
short, the posterior nuirgin prolonged into a laciniate tlap; head well provided with
slender cutaneous Ulaiuents, 3 on upper jwrtiou of eyeball, 4 in a transverse line licliiiid

Jordan ami F.vcrmann . -Fishes of North America . 1095

iitm'lfntiiic

nger Station 4.
im, off Hhoilc
^N ii UlUii:ur,

17.

i>. < i|iiil, H vi^ry tiiiiK 01111 oil it|Hirriiliir itiicliv iiikI niiiiif^roii* NlinrliT <mm<ii mi itprri'lf, Jiiwh,
iiiiil iiliiiiK iinliM'iiti' iiurtiiMi <il liitiM'iil liiii'. Ili'iiiii'liioxtt'UJiU 7. Hoily wlllioiit pliitrN iir
l>i 11 kli'H; tlio lii'iiil, iiirliMlliiu ii|)|it'i' |)iti't <)|'<>\ i>, iiikI tlir ii|i|ii'r iiiilrrior |iiir( ol' liiNly, w illi

nlMIMcIv <liHtril>lili'<l ntt'llllti' Krnnilllll loilM, vtMillll- nlily III liil'Ui' NIMM'iliK'IlN, III our H|H<<'I'
nil liH tilt' lii'owii liiir III liiiMt' iirniiKliit Im roJIowtMl liy » wIiIk wliilr liiir, Niiini'ltiiii'a iiior« or
|i -1 lirokuii, tint tcriiiiiiul liiill' Itliickiitli. iiurruwly iiiiiiKiiH'tl willi wliitn.

t^djytf, bund; oi'itii, tail.)

M iliinii'olhiH .'OHiimii. IlKAN, I'iin'. C. H. Nut. Miih. IHUO, 4:\, ofT Trinity UlandM, Alaska, at
AlbatroRK Station 1853, at 56 N., 154 W., in 159 fathoniM ('!'> |k', Nu. 44U4:i. Coll.
MbalruiiM) . Oii.iikkt, Itttpt. tl.S. KInIHIo 1. IMUa (imxi), 411.

pidly to tlie
iniiinto villi,
r uuil |i;ilali'
iiiit'8. r><iiii'H
eiiiiij^H w iili>,
s tiibcnuliir,
I> notch ri'iiiii
ui.II; ua.iiliil
imkud. I.Ett-

t sntnit. 1).
rbitiil Hiiuci-s
iddb- of cyo,
ittle bt-yoiid;
k ilH loll;; :iH
iiiiiiH>di,'it('ly
cely ;i Icnjjtth
h lis loii^ iu:
rowii saddle-
Sill; tt brown
distiiK't diirk
dr lower liidt'
le peuiiiHiila.

Unimnk IhIhikI,
glilly t'lcviiii'il
Occiiiiil Willi
Hliglit iH iiintal
ngtii, a HiMiillfi'
iipiirliiiHy con-
liarp iiiitii'iiiily,
Lte spine ; :i spi-
erior iiuhuI lutie
providt'il Willi
rso line lioliiiid

737. ARGYROCOTTUS, llorziiiMtidii.

.\i;iiir(>eotlu$, Hkk/kn.stei.n, MiIiiiikkh Itlol. At. Imp. Sci., xiii, IHUL', 'JID, SI. PftnrHliiirK.

SpiiioiiH doi'Hiil Hhtirt; vi'IiIi'iiIh cNtrfiiirly loii^, tludr tipH <>xlriidiii^
III yoiid trout of anal tin; ^i!! iiioiiibrtiiios Ncairtdy iiiiitod to thf istbiiiiiH,
riiiiiiin^a liroad fidd imtosh it, no ulit b«diiiid tlio luHt {(ill; tooth on liio
Miiiii-r, nono on th«« pulatiiios; Hkin ciitiruly uak«!<l, without scaiuH or liony
pliitt's; pruupcrcloH with ;< Hiiiull spinos. North r»citic. ((t/j/i^jos, .silver;
CiillnH.)

itmu AmaittMOTTITN /AXnKltl, IIci/iUMtoin.

ll«ad;H; d«'pth If;. C. Vlll-lf); A. Ill; I'. II; V. 3; C. 18; liitiraliin.-
Willi Ko tubes. Kyi> :((; in length of head; inti^rorliital Hpuru I,; in oye; '2
wc ll-dov«dopcd cnvsts at tho vertex; iiiaxillury reaehin);' middle of eye;
liiwer.jaw Hiightly projeeting; 2 anal HpiiieH; [i HUiall spinuH^m pruuiierele,
I III' upper half as lon^ ;\s the eye, turned upward, the others direr ted tlown-
ward; lontr<;8t doi'Hal H)dne \ leii};:th uf heail; peetoral reaching ninth ray
III .soft dorsal; veutrals reaching to tho uext to the last ray of anal.
('(liitr brownish, dark above, with iiiinierouH silvery spots bordered with
diiiker, a silvery stripe from lielow the eye to the lia.so of the lower jaw;
aiHither from eye to angle of preoperele; a row of 0 large irregular spots
iildiig uiiddle of sides, many smaller ones below those; 2 smaller irreg-
ular s|iotH behind these; a bell-shaped spot with a point direeted iip-
wartlonthe belly between the veutrals; the lirst dorsal with its upper
iiiar;;in blaekish, with milk-white spots dotted with blaek; a trans)iarent
>piil at base of fourth and sixth rays; a small transparent spot near ba.se
iif fourth ray ; another behind sixth; about these siiots the rtdoration is
il:n ker ; .soft dorsal almost uniformly dark ; anal eolorle.ss, its l-orih'r dark,
with 1' or 3 dark spots on eaidi ray; i-auiial iiiuformly dusky, the ujiper
Miiil lower rays Idaekish, with elear 8]iots; ventral with darker croas
Hlieaks; peetorals with dark rings and streaks. Ventral in female prob-
iilily much shorter than in male, the eolor loss marked. Three speeimens
of I his beautifully marked Cottoid taken in Sliana May, Iturup Island,
hIidw the following characters: The branchiostegal nu'mbraues are widely
joiiii'd across the throat, narrowly united in front of the middle line of
istliiuiLs, with a rather wide free margin behind; lateral line without
|ilut('s; nasal spines small; I short spines on preopercular margin. The.se
spicimeus answer well to the detailed deserii»tion of the type, but are

1»1K(

Itulli'tin /7, United Stales National I\fnseutn.

Ntili llll)r<« lll'lllltc, ill lIlUl lll«\\ IMIHNCNH llllMI);; tllU IllU'k II llllllllM'r lit lllll III

tliirU liuiH iiltoinittiii^ with li){lit<-i ImrM, the luniicr < oiilliinit lieiow, \mi||
till' ^;roiiii<l tMiliir til' ili« Hi<l«H. Ill tli<< liirgcHt H|M-ciiiM>ii, 7 nii. Ioiik, iIh^
vitiitml liiiH <-.\t<-iiil only to iiitN<> nC tliini anal my, Th*'r« iin- im tiil" i
(!li«» nil tbi- rii.vH, jiiitl tli<- iiifiiiliruiioH oxtciitl ituuriy to tipH oi' thi) 2 imii i
riiyM, Hiiil j{ l<*iiK(li of llir inner niy. Th<- vfliitiul Hpiiiu iH hIuuUoi-, in aiiy
iiH litii^ UN tlu* inniM- my, aii«l in lliinly ii<liiikt<- to oittfi- ray. The Niuiilli i
Hp<'riiii«)iis \iu\ roNprctiMtIv, I rill, uiitl WJt ciii. loii^, llio vnitraiN riailiini;
ill itiir to IVoiit of anal, in tlir otlirr to viMit; IIiih ar*' llnt-ly itohh iiaiini
iiior«' vurii-^at<Ml than in till) typu. Known only IVoiii HaKhalion iHlainl, |
Hpruiiiiuii UJ iiiiii. loii^ ( llfr/tiiiNtuin), ami lliinip iHlaiul, wh«trotiNptM'iiiii'ii>
wviYv ohtaiiiiul li\ till- Alhatronn in lK!Hi, oiir iluMiriptiou IVuiii tUu lalti i,
(Nanii-d tor its «HHc«ivi>rur, Dr. ZaiidtT.)

Aitii/roeiittiii zimiWH, IIkh/.knmikin, Mi'liiiiKeM Ilio). Ac. Iinii. Sci,, xill, 18U'J, '.'ID, Kcrsa-
kow, SaKhalien. (Typf, No, tM7U, Miih, Ht. i'tttuiHliury;, full Dr. Zuutlur.)

I >

738. PORocoTTus, can.

Vorneottvt, (iii.L, rriir, Ac. Nut. Set, Pliilii. IH,*)!), IWI (iiiinilrijiliii).

This jreiiiiH cuntainH Hinall HciilpiiiH, tliHtin^iiishril t'ruin M!ioxoi'ejihtilii'<\>\
the ]iru.sent'r of I 8|)iiies on th«) op«'rclo, tlii> iipp*'riiio,st liring cnrvril m
hooked npward. I^owttr jaw includud; 1 HiipraHcapnhir H|iiuo; latinil
lin<> inoditied, k'^i'iK **'f pairs of divDr^iii^ branchoH, with |>on>H at tin m-
ends. Cirri ultovo oyr and on n.ipe. Northern I'aititlc; the spccirs not
well known and possibly reducible to 1 or 2. {no/io?, iwre; Hornt;,

VollUH.)

a. Dorttnl rayn VIII. i;t or 14; niial rayH II or 12.

b. ()|ioi'<'lo with :i riilK^M, tliu \ii>]K'r tmdiiiK in u aliurp flpitio; por«H of lowui i,ih

Hllinll; HllH low, SKLLAKl.-^, 'JJt!7.

bit. <))M>rculur HpineB Willi duvtiloiMMl; tins high; |ioru« well dev«lo|M>d,

yUADH.MUs, L'.KW

bbh. <)|iun'lo iin<lt<H<;rib(Ml. I'OI.aki.s. 'j:;iiu.

hhbb. <>|ier('lu without rili or Hnine. <<UAl)Uini,i- .' iTii.

(«(. Uoi-Hiil raya VI, 10; auiil rays 14; lower Jaw with largo poroH: oporciiliir ,s|.iiii>H

olmolute. TKNTAOl'LATls, LMTl.

'2:iU7. POKO' <>TTVS NElXAltIS (Gilbert).

Head '2t to 3 iu lenjith ; depth 3i}. D. VIII, 14 (13) ; A. 10 to 12 (nsiiiilly
11); P. 16. I'uirs of ]>ore8 in lateral lino 32 to 34. BrancbioHtegals i).
Head cuboid, the anterior prolile of suout Huitvertical, the greatest wiilth
a tritle more than the depth at occiput. ChcekHaubvertical. lutcrorliitnl
region elevated, the supraorbital rim furnished po.steriorly with a lnw
tubercle which usually bears an inconspicuous cirrus. The inteiurliiliil
space is rather wide, trausversly concave, its least wi<lth 2! in eve.
Occipital depression well marked, the ridges unbroken, straight, conviiir-
ing rapidly backward, the distance between their tips but jj that betwinii
their anterior ends. From the latter, 2 low ridges converge for a short ilis-
tauce onto the ilour of occipital depression. The ridges do not tcrmiuato

._:? i:.^\-,^i-^i~''jii

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishcx of I\^orth Amcrka. 1907

IT ul liliiiil

Im'Iow, w nil
II. loiiu, I bit
•f no tiiliir.
till) 2 on III'
mliM', III :ii|y
Thr Hl||;il|,'r

iIh rrai'liiiiK
roHN limiiil,
oil LhIiiihI. I

It .SlMM'illlCIIM
I tilt) lilltrl.

iU'J, 2111, Korsa.
lur.)

roceithtiliix \>\
ijj ciirvrd iir
lino; lati'iiil
lon-H at tlii'ir

L) HpfCil'H imt

)!•<'

Hornii,

o( liiwoi law

■*Ki.i,Aiii>, •.';)«".
1.

ADUATl's. 'JltlW

I'OI.AIlls, JltW.

liltll'M.l> .'ITli.

IKI'IMlllir .s|>llll'H

,:rLATi'H,'j;i71.

^'2 (nsiially
ioBtegals )).
ateHt wiiltli

nterorliitiil
with u low
interoi'liital

2,1 in eye.

it, convcij;-
lat bi'twiini

!i short (lis-
)t toriuiuato

Ml <plneN, lint hoarHinnll cirri Nlinilar to tliono above oyn. I,il<i> tho lattor,
til y may li« imliHtinrt or wnntin^. Ma\lilarv rrai'iiinjf xortiial t'roin
piistfrior iiiiirt{iii of |in|>il, 'J\ in lioati; oyo Sji, Hli^^litly flsi>«<o<linu Hnoiit.
N;i^:il H|tiiioH v«Ty Htroii){, Two nliort NpiiioH tlivi>r){<< from an^^lu of |ir<«-
o|.ri'lo, the iippor oiio Hli)i;litly <'iirvu<l, ilirertrd n|nvanl nii*l ha<-kwaril,
:iii> <liaiii«tt!r of orltit, llm iiiwor «lirr<'ti-<l Htrai^jiit harkwarti, i tlio
li'ir^th of tlio upper Olio, lielow tiioHo a sliort HpiiioiiH iiroJiTtinii <'on-
n ili'il in till) Hkin, and a lon^or Njiiii*) dirtxltxl downward and forward;
o|i> 11 It) with It li>n);tliwiN«f liil^im, tl") iippernioMt ending; in adulinite sharp
H|iiiii); Hnbo)it)ri'nlar Hpine well tl<)Vfhi))fld ; 1 also at po^'tttrior t ntl ttf intta-
o|ii I'cit), and I at Nhonlder. tiill iiieinliriini)s liroatlly joiiiDil to iNlliiiiiiH,
with a wiilo frun folil ptiMtoriorly ; a few Hinall ]iri(!kly plateH behind axil
iif |)i'i>torulN; Hkin otherwise mnootli; tieeipnt aiitl na|i«) thickly eoveretl
Willi ininiitt) •lurinal papillie, interH|ierHi><l with very Hiiiall inniixiH ptireM,
wliii'li are diHtribnted alHo t>ver tht) antorior jiart ttf the liDail ; portiH on
miiiiilililo antl ]ireo|i()ren]ar iiiur(;in Hiiiall, not better tlevolopotl than in
iitliKr Hpet'les of I'lirocollim. Lateral line (fiviiif; oil' paiiH of Hhort tliverj;-
iii;; liraiudies, at tho tipH ttf whitdi art) tht) pores. liitrHalH ettnnt>ett>tl at
i'\lrt)iiie buHt); ttttft ilorsal tDnninatiiiK Hli^rhtly behintl tho anal; tinH all
low; ventraln itiaehin^ vont; jteetoralH to oppttsitt) tliinl ray ttf anal.
Color in spirits: lJ|ipt)r jtartu brttwnish, with L' very ettnHpieiioiiH whito
Hiiilille-Hhaitetl bars uxtcntlin^ downwartl anil forwarti from baok, tho
liist, about as wido aH ttrbil, oxtoiitlin;; from below tht) iloiHal noteli in a
sti'Mi^lit lint) towartl lower axil ttf pot'turals, iniliitlinK nhovt), the pttsterior
iiiiiri;in of Hpinoiis ilorsal, antl tho extreme basal portion ttf liiHt rayH ttf
Nol't iloraal ; tho socontl bar inelntlin;; dorsally the torininal jtortion of Hoft
ilmsal onto which it extends, antl tht> antiM'ior portittn of i iindul petlnnelt);
likr tho antorior bar, it is varialilo in witlth, extontlin;; forwanl and tlown-
wiinl to below eantlal podiinclo; the f^rttnntl eoior boeoining inteiiHiliod
.'iIoiil; tho marj^iiiH of tlioHo li;rht barn; eantlal with a li^ht basal bar whieh
lii'i'oiiieH widoned and ]iiiro whito in its lowvr half, atliliii)^ A to tho Hories
ot roiiHpieiiDnH liv;ht markin^H; in hoiiio H]>ceiinenH, tht)so white bars are
liiiU't'd with browniHh, heiine loss eonspli-iiitns; under ]tartH whitish; lips
and lower jaw with lij^ht antl tlark cross bars, whieh aro often indiHtiiict;
lii'aiirliiitsteo;al meniliranoH aomotimns with imlistinet eross bars; tho
iliiikir interspafifs bolow soft tlorsal antl ttn eantlal petlunelo nsnally
I'lii'iK'li) tho hotly bolow, but are sttmotinieH (in males) broken on middle
III' sides with spots and blotehes ttf whito (see lifrnro in Nelson's ro])t)rt
citeil below); axil of ]iectoralH nsnally with 2 ronnd white spots, most
iliHtiiiet in males; banal iiortion of anterior faee of poctorala dusky or
Itlaik, in males with 2 ronntl white spctts; tin distally barretl with lijjht
and dark; eantlul eross barred; anal antl vontrals with faint crosa bars,
or plain; tlorsal blackish. Taken abundantly in Itristol Itay, Itorin^ Sea,
and iieiirhborins parts of tho Arctic, in depths 5 to 17 fathoms. We aro
iiiiMhIo to follow Dr. Boan in idoutifyinjj this liah with I'orocottHH qiuniri-
,/i/i«. (iill (l»roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18.'t!), 16(i). Tlio latter is deaeribod
iiH having a single hookotl ]trottporenlar a])iiio, an ojtorelo withont rib or
spiiio, antl largo pores on bead and lower Jaw. None of these applioa to

M

p.
w

1908 Bulletin ^j, United States National Miisaim.

tho i»ro8ciit 8j)oricH. /'. <pmdr\fi\\s is also said to liavo 5 braiuhioHtc il
rays, l»ut this jh poHsihly an error. It is also <lfi8«rilte(l jih having a hIcikIi r
Hiiitrrcilimy filaiiMMit, and 1 on (•;u'li side of the nii])e. \Vo do not lind^
t(» oH'Hct tliOHc, any drtiiilH in iho orijcfinal d«8<Tiittion which agrno stii]<-
iii<;ly with onr fish, even tho color boing iMiip])licabh\ (Gilbert.) (xella, n,,
8addl<!d.)

i'olhit i/vadrlJillK, ]!i:an, in Nklhon's Ilrport Nut. Ui.sf. <UA\. in AIiihUii, 300, pi. IH, lysT;

not I'liriicDtliiK iivnilri/ilh, (in.i..
Afiaiitlioriilliis tifUaris, >ill,lii;iiT, Report I". S. Ki.sli (Jinnni. IWKi (ISStfl), Hil, Bristol B:iy,

at Albatross Stations 3339, 3131, and others, in 5 to 17 fathoms.

2»«S. 1M>ltO( OTTUK ({lADRATirK, 11. A. 15< an. new spwieH.

Moau 2(1; do])th 3'i; oyc SA in head; mandiblo HA; maxillary .S; inicr-
orbital width 2 in oyo. D. VIII, 11; A. 12; V. I, iJ; P. !(!. Head ralli.T
Hhort and broad, (|iiadran<<iilar; prolilo from tip of npper Jaw aHccndinfr
and theiico gently Hloping upward to orif;in of dorsal, from which ]i(iint
almost vt^'tically to end of n.'isal Kpii'e, nmnding over orbital lidgc, the
liody gradually ta]>eiing to tho tail, the depth of the eandal peduncle bei-ii,
cont.'iined about I5.1 times in greatest depth of body, (iill membiiuifs
united and forming a fold across the isthmus. Opercular spines well
developed, the lowermost on o])orcle and that on preopercle being ciir\ cd
downward and u)»wai'd. Cranial ridges ending in spines of small si/o.
Numerous jjores on head, those in front visible to the naked eye; tubnhir
pores on body, especially above anal base, whore they a))pe.ar to the naked
eye as raksed white specks. Fins all well developed, large; length of lirst
dorsal )»aso little more than .J length of secoiul ; anal tin origin under tliini
and fourth rays of second dorsal and ending opjiosite its last ray; leiij^th
of hmgest dorsal spine about J as long as longest ray, or equal it ler.:^tli
(d" longest anal ray; jtectorals large; and broad; ventrals reaching jmst
anal origin. Color reddish brown, relieved by nnich white; under ])ai'ts
whitish; head above and below brown, tlecked with white; lips jiale: a
broad white half bar on body extending from end of spinous dorsal td
fourth ray of second dorsal, another extending from sixth to ninth my,
and a third from last ray to near end of caudiil peduncle, which it oncii-
cles in connection with a dark bar, the lafter extending on the caudal lin ;
pectorals and caudal barred; ventrals with round black blotches forniiiii;
rows on the rays. Hering Island; only the typo known. (H. A. ]>ean.)
(Type, No. 33875, l^ S. Nat. Mus., a single example 3 inches long, I?eriii}];
Island, 1883; c(dlected by Dr. L. Stejneger.) (qHadraliiH, four-angled.)

Porncoltus (jiiailratiw, l\. A. I'.ean MS., in .Touuan & (iiLiiEUT, Kept. Fur Seal Invimi-a
tionH, 1808, Bering Islard.

23«9. POIIOCOTTIIS POIi.iUIS (Sabine).

This very imperfectly described sjtecies is no doubt allied to rorocollns
silhtna and ^luadriJlHa. It is thus characterized: I). N'l, 13; 1*. lo; \ . .'>;
A. It; C. 14 (Sabine). I). ¥111,13; T. 15; V. .5; A. 15; C. 12 to 14 (Kos<)
This species is compared by Captain Sabine to Cottua (joblo, but that lias

I"

Jordan and Rvermann. — Fishes of North America. 1999

the head iilmoHt iintiniKMl. It agrees with Cottiis (Knophriia) vUtv'ujer in
I lie iiuinher of rnyN in tlin Uorsal, but its ventrula are descrilxMl as having
iiior*^ rayn than usuiil in this genus. Capt. .1. C Rush intorniH us that it
xttldont exceeds 2 inclics i '. lengtli, ami that it is very abundant on theeast
vide of tlie peninsuhi of Hootliia, affording a plentiful supply of food to
the nnnierous waterfowl wliich limed there. "A species of CoHim, similar
III haliits to C. fiohio, very .idundant on the shores of north (ieorgia (lat.
75'J), inhaliiting the pools of wiiter left l»y the tide, and the mouths of
small rivulets l»y which the snow on nud ting found it' waj' t<» the sea;
tlie largest individual did not cijual 2 inches in length; the head is more
i'()m]>re8sed and not so much flattened as in the ColttiH qumlficornis, and is
armed with 2 strong spines |tlaced l>efore and between the »\ve8; the gill
lovers are also armed with 1 st. .lUg spines; the pe<toral tins ar<' larger in
|iroportion than those of ('. (jolno, antl the upper Jaw rather exceeds the
lower; the lateral lines are furnished with a series of small tubercles
directed backward; color light, with clusters of minute dusky 8i)OtH."
(Richardson; tjuoted from Sabine.) Not re<'ogni/ed by recent writers.
Liitkeu compares it with /cc/'.'s hiconiia, but it must be <litferent, and it
may be identical with I'orocotlus <iuadr\fiUa; it is at least a PorocottiiH.
( polarix, ])oliir.^

Ciithts %iolaris, Saiiink, Ai>p. Parry's First Vovafje, <'('Xiit, north Georgia; J. C. lioss,
App. i.iu; Ki('HARi>8(JN, Fauna Jtorcali-Aiiiericaiia, ni, 41!, 183G; Jouuan ^^ (iu.iiEKT,
SynupHiH, 70G.

ir Seal IiivcHiiu;i

2870. P»RO<;OTTrs ({ITADRIFILIS, Gill.

This species is known only from Dr. (UU's account, as fcdlows:

" D. VIII, 13. The color is purple, irregularly spotted with black. There
IS a dark spot under the eye, and another on the maxillary. The dorsals,
caiulal, and pectorals are irregularly variegated with black. On the pec-
torals there is a dark spot at the upper axilla, aud tiuother larger one
twiird the middle of the base. There is a slender superciliary filament
iiiid 1 on e.ch side of the nape. It is to the presence of these that the
specific name is designed to draw attention. Specimens were obtained in
Hdi'ing Straits at the same time as liorcocottua axiUaria, Gill."

The genus I'orocottua, Gill, is thus described:

" Body anteriorly subcylindrical, rapidly declining to the caudal. Skin
naked. Lateral line opening by jtores in raised papilhe, under a cutaneous
keel. Head larg(^ and depressed, subrhomboidiil. Nasal spines small.
I'reopercle with a single hooked spine. Opercle v.ithout a lougitiuliiial
lib or spine. Large pores under the hnver J.iw and on various parts of
the head. Mouth moderate. Teeth on the jaws and front of the vomer.
Ibanchiostegal membrane continuous under the throat, but attached
iilong the middle to the throat, alnu>st as far as the margin. Branchios-
tcgal r.'iys 5. Dorsals separate; the first low, the second oblong jiud
opposite the anal. Ventrals smtill, behind the pectorals, each with a
spine and 3 soft rays. The I'orocotti have ii strong """"uiblance to the
lloreocoUi, but are distinguished by the naked skin, hooked pieoper(!ular

2000 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

..*

W'.

spine, the absenco of a lotigitndinal rib on tbe operclo, numerous p«)ri
and tbe presence of only 5 brnncbioHte<;al rays. (Gill.)"
Not recojijnizfd by recent collectors, {quutuor, four; filum, tiliiniont. )

I'oroeottuii i/uadrifiliii, Gill, Troc. Ac. Nat. Scl. Phila., 1859, 166, Bering Straits.
Cuttu* ijvadrijilit, Juruan & Giluekt, .SynopHis, 708, 1883.

2871. POROI'OTTIIS TENTACULATIJS (Knor).

Head 3i. D. Vl-16 or 17; A. 14 or 1.5; V. I, 13, P. 14 or 15. Head siimH.
nioutb small, tbe lower Jaw included; eye large, 3 in bead, longer tban
snout; interorbital space cbannel-lil<e, less tban i diameter of eye; n
sbarp spine ))efore «!acb eye, on wbicb is a fringed tentacle; 8upraocul:ii'
ridge ending in a )>Iunt, forked, bony knob, on wbi<-b is a small thread-
like tentacle; the quadrangular interspace between these two sots oi'
tentacles is excavated; preopercular spine long, curved upwards, ij diam-
eter of eye; the second spine much shorter and turned backward; 2
spines lower, turned downward; suboperclc with a spine turned down-
ward; a similar one on opercle; maxillary reaching to middle of eye;
lower jaw with large pores. Dorsal fins low, the rays llexible, the two
close together; ventrals re.'iching vent; pectorals i)a8t beginning of anal.
Skin of body wholly naked; lateral lino complete, bending downw;. m
caudal peduncle. Color clear brown, darker above, the head al..»VL .snii
a few large dark brown spots, which Ibrm obscure bands, 1 of these from
front of eye across upper lip, second l>ioader from eye across subopercli';
lower Jaw speckled; throat and breast plain yellowish; back with about
6 dark cross bands, those most anterior the broadest; sides of body witli
a network of brown streaks around pale .spots; a large bright yellow spot
at base of caudal; fins all finely spotted with whitish and dotted wiili
dark, the caudal with .5 or 6 dark cross bands; pectorals faintly barred
(Kner.) A single specimen, 2 inches long, said to be from Singapore, wliidi
is of course an error. It probably came from the Pacific coast of Asin.
perhaps from Yezo or Decastris Bay. As Kner has indicated, this spec ics
has much in common with Porocottna tjuadrifilh, but the fin rays are iiioic
numerous. It is, however, not impossible that the two are identical and
both may be identical with /^ sellaria and P. polarh. {tentaculatua, l)ear-
ing tentacles.)

Cothis tentaailatnt, Kner, Sitzbor. Aktwl. Wisa. Wien, Lvni, 1868, 22, taf. 5, fig. 12, Singa-
pore; evidently an error. (No. 5591a Wien Mus.)

':

739. ONCOCOTTUS, Gill.

Onrocottus, G\LL. Proo. Ac. Kat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 13 {ijvailrieornis).

This genus contains small sculjiins allied to Miioxocephalua, but wit li
4 preopercular spines, the uppermost b'iing straight; a rather largo slit
behind the last gill arch ; the lateral lino chain-like in form. Mouth small.
tbe lower jaw included, tbe dentition as in Myoxocephalna. Isthniiis

eroim pon ^,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2001

narrow, the ^ill ineinbraueH Ibrtniii^ a broad fold across it, males with
rough gtollattt tubercles »Dd with the crest on top of heiid rough and
liirnicd like the comb of a cock, these little developed in the female.
Hones of head Honiewhat cavernous, but less so than in Trhiloptiis, from
wliicli genns OnrovottuH is scarcely distinct. Species eircunipolai', probably
it'thieible to <uie. (o;k«i»?, hook; Morroi, CoUiih.)

a. Atliuitie. HjiecioH; luuxilliiry short ; poctonil iiio«lerate ; vandal roniulcd.

liiAnRiconMS, 2372.
aa. Ai'ctit'. Aiiiericun H])('cieM ; iiiaxillaiy liin;j;ui' : pvctoriil Idiigcr; ctiiidiil truncate.

HEXACOKMS, 23711.

fig. 12, Singa-

9»79, ONrOCOTTIIS qrADRICOBXIS (Linnnpus).

I lead 3i ; depth 4 ; eye 4 in head. D. VIII or IX-14 ; A. 13 or 14 ; c.-eca 7 ;
xertebrai 40; lateral liii« 4.5. liody rather slender, the caudal peduncle
vovy slender. Head lonjj,, tapering forward; month large, the maxillary
reaching to below posterior margin of eye; lower jaw included; bones of
lieid below eye cavernims, as in Trighj)8ts tliompsoni, but less so; preopercle
with 2 long, diverging spines, the upper and bmger not quite reaching
opercular margin; oixTcular and scapular spines quite short; adult male
w ith a rugo.se spine, broader and expanded at tip like a cock's comb above
each eye ^losteriorly, and a similar one on each side of occiput; these
si)iues smaller in the female and the young. Males with irregular series
of round, rough, wart-like scales above the lateral line, these wanting in
llie female; lateral line chain-like, with small embedded plates; head
naked. First dorsal convex, of Klon<ler spines, well separated from
second, which is rather high, the l(>nge8t ray 1 j in head ; pectorals reaching
anal; ventrals m«)derate; caudal rounded. A moderate slit behind l.-ist
gill. Color little variegated; olivaceous above; the fins faintly spotted.
Arctic regions, south to the ;3iiltic Sea, westward to eastern Oreenland.
Hit is identical with O. hcxacornis, its range extends westward to Siberia,
and its distribution is circumpolar. It is abundant in the eastern Baltic
and in Lakes Ladoga and Onega where it is dwarfish in size, vritho'.it the
horns on front and najie;* north to the White Sea and Nova Zembla. It
is said to be rare in England and eastern Greenland; unknown in western
(Iroenland. Dr Tjiitken has compared sjiecimens from eastern Greenland
with others from the lialtic and finds no difference except that the inter-
orbital space in European examples is more concavr . O. Iiexacornis is found
in tlM^ waters of Arctic America and may not be dift'erent. (quatuor, four;
coniii, Lorn).

dotlus quadiicornis, LiKNiEDP, Syst. Nat ,Ed.x, J64, 1758, Baltic Sea; OrNTiiER, Cut., ii,
166, 18G0: LihKEN, Vid. Med. K.jiib., 87, 1876; Day. Fisli. Great Krit.,53, 1880; Jordan
& fJiLnERT, Synopsis, 705, 1883.

OrcocDttvt >iuadric(>rni», Gnx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phili*. 1862, 13.

.' Acanthocottus labratloricut, GntARD, Boat. Journ. Nat. llist., vi, 1850, 247 pi. 7. fig. 3., coast
of Labrador; female.

' Tlicse dwarf sjiecinienH may not bo scjiai'able from Triiilojm*, wliicli geniis is evidently
(It-rived from the lacustrine degradation of Oncocutlus.

T

il

2002 Ihdletin 47, United States National Jlfusenm.

it

'i87S. OXnUOrrrS IIKXA<'0KNIS (KUImnlHon).

1). VIII or IX, 14 <»!• 15; A. 14 or 15; P. 17; V. I, iJ; Hr. 6. Ilfud HJ (t„
end ofoperciiliir Hpiiic); »',v<'5; Huoiit IJJ ; iiitrrorltitul spaco (!A ; maxillnv
2. lioily sloiidcr, tapering gruduully from the rathei narrow duprnssi d
head to a vory Hlendur eaiidal peduncle; inontli larg<) an 1 hori/contal; tlw^
maxillary reaching ^tast the orliit: lower Jaw Bhorter ♦li'.:: Liie upper Imt
not quite included within it. The Hpint^ on tlic head an)ooth and witliont
tubercles or warts. In ])Iaee of the su]>raocu]Mr and oicipital spines tlu ri'
are 4 1ar<>e bony olevationH, each niueh reHembling the comb of a cck k,
their upper surfaces rough and scabrous. (In the young those I big hones
are very small or warty.) The occipital ridges scareoly elevated :iiii|
inclosing an oblong and slightly concave area narrowest posteriorly mihI
running into the ccmcave interorbital space anteriorly; nasal spines well
developed and in the older lish inclined to be club-8ha))ed and scabrous;
n])per angle of the siiperclavicle pndonged posteriorly into a strong spirir,
its upper surface scabrous; Just at the base and immediately in front dl it
a much smaller spine or tubercle cm the posterior end of the post-tcni]i((r;il
bone; a spine almost concealed in mt^mbrane Just above base of pectonil;
preoperdc wi th 4 spines, the npper equaling the orbit in length and extend-
ing upward ajid backward, in some curved slightly inward, covered with
membrane for about h its length; the second H])ine immediately at tlie
base of tlu^ lirst and is \ as long, stiaight, and extending outward jinil
backward; the third, found farther <lown, curved downward; the fomtli,
at the lower angle of the preoperde, directed forward and <lownward ami
sometimes entirely covered by membrane; opercular spine rather strong, its
point raised from the membrane and not reaching end of opercular ll;i|i.
There is a slender sharf) spine at the lowei- angle of the opercle, latenil
line running rather high and composed of elongated rectangular plates,
each with a concave depression at either end, thus making a row of eliij)-
tical depressions along the lateral line; the plates not present on tin-
posterior half of the caudal peduncle ; above the lateral line a row of rough
cir<'nlar osseous plates, beginning on the nai»e and running to the b.Ksc
of the caudal, gradually becoming snuiller and nearer together; under
the second dorsal this row is double; below the lateral line and beneatli
the second dorsal about 8 irregular rows of similar l>ut smaller plates.

Adult female. — First dorsal lower than in male, scircely rounded poste-
riorly but sloping almost gradually toward the base of the second dorsal;
thiid and fourth spines longest and eciual to Icrgth of snout; second dor
sal about twice as high as Hrst and varying a great deal in shape, tlie
membrane scarcely incised, the lirst 3 or 1 rays with rough, prickly
edges; anal oblong and slightly rounded, the middle rays longer tliuii
snout, the membrane between the rays not incised; pectoral scarcely
reaching front of second dorsal, lirst 2 or 3 rays rough on their outer edue,
the membrane not incised; caudal not rounded but truncated with ratlar
sharp corners, 10 developed rays, 8 of them branched; ventrals reaching i
to the vent, the inner ray no longer than the middle one.

Adult male. — The first dorsal higher than in the female, the third and
fourth rays longest and equal in length to the distance from snout to
middle of eye, posterior end of lin more rounded ; second dorsal more tlian

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America, 2003

twico iiH lii>;li IIS lii'Ht, the moiiihriim' l»otw«rn tlie riiyH (lecply uicisod, tlio
interior rays projoctiii}; Cor iiciirly i their Inigtli l>oyi>u«I tlio itieinltrti.u>,
lilt) iiiombraiic following; iimiuikI tin) odgo of Ww. projcctinj^ rayH, tlio rays
>cabroiiH on tli<;ir Hides; anal oldoii^, Itiit nn>ri'i ini<;iilar than in t'tMnah-,
(lie longest ray reaehing Croni snont to ]>OHiunor edgo of (nhit ; I ho nieni-
liiiiiio between the lirst 4 rays (|nite deeply incised, onter edg • of rays
Hiiihions; veutrals reaching ! to vent, the inner ray longest.

Color. — In the ytning the ••olor is gray above nnd white beneath, a dark
^adfUe marking over the back at the center of the tirst dorsal; iinother
similar marking ntider the anterior, ami another under the posterior end
(if the second dorsal; a dark spot the si/e of the eye on top of the <-andal
piuliinele and midway in its length (the young may be distingnished at a
ulanee by this marking on top of the caudal pednncle) ; a V-shaped marking
at the base of the candal with the angle of the V on the lat«>ral line and
ilirectcd forward ; this marking in the older spoeimeii extends Ibrward into
I lie pednncle spot; the candal is marked by 2 vertical wavy bands (ni
its ))Osterior half, the first one the wider, the last one at the tijts of the
rays; these bands are solid, extending across the rays and membrane; the
pectorals are dark at tlu^ base, the rest marked by ;{ vertical black bars;
the first dorsal is slightly dusted with black, the second is slightly mot-
tled with black, but with no bars; the anal has 3 or 1 vertical dark l>ars.
Ill the adults the general ajipearance of the (ish is very much darker,
almost black; the lower jtarts are light; the markings an- not so distinct;
the tins except the venlials are all dark, and the markings (ui tbopectoials,
caudal, and anal inn together into solid black; the lower parts, espt-cially
ill the males brilliantly colored with red. (.Scoheld.) Arctic waters of
America, from west«'rii (Jreeiilaiid to Heriiig Straits. This fish seems to
(litVer fnmi Oncocottns quudritiornh from the Baltic Sea, having a longer
iiiaxillaiy, hmger pectorals, and a 8(|narc-ciit candal fin. All these cliarac-
(eis are of doubtful value, and the sp<'cies may be the same as the European
(>. </nadricornls. We can find no good ditVereiice between our specimen and
a small on«^ from Arctit; Jiay, western (Jreeiiland (received from Prof.
D'Arcy W. Thompson). The fish figured by Nelson as CoUuh <iuadricornia
(Nelson, Natural History of Alaska) is probably the same as the one lu-re
(lescrib<Ml, but ac<oiding to the ;ligure there are several differences.
.Scofield and Scale found this fish very abundant along the shores of Her-
chel Island. It was about the only tish to be found where the bottom was
muddy. A few young were taken at Point Barrow, aud at Port ('lareiK-o,
both young and <dd; 3 of the young wen* found in the river back of
friantly Harbor. (/f|, six; corH«, horn.)

Ciittus hexacornis,* Richahdson, Kraiikhn's Journal, 1823, 7L><5, mouth of Tree River near
Ooppermine River (Coll. .lolin Franklin)- Richardson, Fau'.a IJor.Aincr., ui, 44,
1836; (JCNTiiEurat., n. 106, 1860.

Acanthocottus labradoricus, GniARO, Host. Jouni. Nat. Hist, vi, 18r)0, 247, pi. 7, tig. 3,
Coast of Labrador.

Oncocottuti hexaconiix, Scofield, in Jordan A. Gilbert, Rejit. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

* Cottus hexacoitiis, Richardson was thus originally described :

D. VII, 13; A. ; C. 12; P. 16; Ur. 6. Head large and depressed. Eyes large. Six
ilubsliaped, or ratlier iiail'Slia)>o(l, jn'occssos stiiiid erect on tlie top of the head, their
siiiiuuiti) tlattisb, minutely cancellated and scabrous; the smallest pair st.tnd between

J-:

2004 niilktin ^7, United States National Museum.

;:'.-'

Ciittiii lithradonciit,* Oi?NTHKB, Cat., ii, 103, 1860; Hean, Proo. V. S. Not. Miih., iv, 1881, ijh
JoKUAN iV (iii.iiKit'i', SviioiiHig, 7U4, 1883.

the nareH; tho larjicHt over the pogtorlor nn((leH of the orhitn, niid the third, of inii r
iiit'iliato Hi/.c, on tliu occiiiiit. 'I'hn moiitli in very capacioiiH; itH niar|;iiis iin^ i'oniiril l,v
thn iiil<'riiiaxilliiri(^H and lower ,inw; llio inuxillarieit havu an clonpitod wt'd^o t'orni, ^umI
lio in a nionihranu lirhiiid tint intcnnaMllariox. llolii Jaws and vonii-r iiu> nvtwUU IuiikU
of I) toctli. I'n vi^loiii'H. Tonfinu oblnHO and Hinooth, a.s are lhi> jialalo and niaxilliiric'i
'i'lu! )>ri-o|))-ri'iilnni is arn)ed licncatli with ;< Htron};, di'varii'att'd HpincH, tlir ]>08terioi' iumv
wliii'li nieaMnieH J inrli, Ix-ini; the lont;i'Ht. The Kill coverH ai'<< t'onipimed of Hi'v*-nil Iiihk ^
connected hy incnihranc, andnrnn'd on the exterior ed};eH with 4 or .5 Hniall, H|>)nonH tctili.
The honeH which Hiipport the pectoral linH aie also armed with huuiII HpincM, and Ii;im'
Hharp, ron^li cdKCM. The hranchioHtc^ous nieinltrane contains 0 alcniler, cylindtiiul,
curved rayH. The ImhIv Ih ninch narrower Ihan tlie head, and InpefH lo the inHertion of tin'
(caudal tin. The annH Ih Hitnated midway between the mouth and the cainUI. The hitrnil
line in roii(;h, and runs near the l)a<;k ; nhove it there in a row oi' aniall, orhicular, s< a
hrons, hony plateH, the ruw being doiililed op|ioHite to the; Hcc^ond dorHal. 1'here arc im
other i)ereeiitible HcaleH. The pectoral tins are Hiiborbiciilar and contain 10 rayH, none i,i'
them brancliod; the up))er ray is ncabrous throuKliont; the othecH are Hcalirons only
near their middlen. The ventralH, Hoft and wliitinli, have U rayH, of which the lirHt is th'i'
HtronceHt, but none of ilicm are Hpinou.s. The first dorsal comnienccH poHterior to iIh'
iicctorals, and terminates opposite to the anus; it has 7 simple rays; the second dorsiil is
tar;;er, and has 111 rays; its commencement and termination corre's)>onil with those of tli(<
anal, and mo8t of itti rays are scabrous; both dorsals are rounded cu' arched. The aii;il lin
occupies about j of the space betwiM^n the anus and <-andal, iromniencinj; near tlio fornn i;
this tin IxMunne's slightly htwer or less deep )>oslbriorly. The caudal is <^nn(!lfonu, ;iii(|
has 12 rays, most of tbein forked. In the torni of the oony ])roceHscs on the to]i of tin'
head tin's 8p<'(!ies ai>i)roaches closely to C.iivndricortiiii o'f the ISaltic; but it does imi
a])pear from the descriptions I have consulted that there is a distinct pair on the nii^iil
bones of the latter. There are also <litferences in tlio form of the spines of tlie preopcn ii
luni, tliose of ('. hexncornit being quite simiile, while in the other tliey aio truncated, m-
divided at the point. In the C. (luailriconiis, also, there is a thick spine on the sugir;i-
Hcapular bone, which is likctwi-se truncated; wliile in C.liexaconiis, tluit bone, the huiin r
als, and the gill covers are nierelv armed with snuill, s|>inouH teeth; and the rows oi
scales on the body aie ditl'erent. It appears to nni likely that the <!. nuailficornu. Siilnnc
(/,(Md., App. to L'a)>tain Parry's First Voyage, ]). ccxiii)', nniy be really th(( C. hexdcinint
Cai)t. .1. (J. Koss, who considers it to be the same witli tlie C uriirpwideii of Kabricins, siiv s
that though very abundant on the (ireenhiiid (.'oast it is nutre ran; in the higher latitiulcM.
but several were taken on both sides of tlio ]>eninsula of ISoothia. Tim mitives pt i/c it
highly as an article of food, preferring it to codtisb (m- siilnion. Tli(( Esquimaux ni
Itootl'iia call it Kane4'ok, the same name which the (ii jnlandcrs give to V. (Invn
litndicun.

Color. — Of the upper asjiect a clouded admixture of brocoli-brown and olive-gri( n
tints; of the belly white. The tins are streaked with bliiisli black. Irides tinged with
red.

Size. — iVbout 7 inches in total length.

Numerous specimens of tliis tisb were caught in a net set in the mouth of a smnll ri\ cr
near the ("opperniinc, and tlie above description is drawn up from notes written on tlir
spot. The Hiibse()ncnt calamities wliicli befell that expedition having occasioned tlie lci>s
(tfall the spei'iniens, no actual comparison has been made with other species; but after :iii
inspection of the Cotti iiroiight home bv Captain Iteechey, and an attentive perusal of t lie
llistoin; des I'oissons, I am satisfied tliat it dill'ers from' all other described species in I Im
form of the liorns or )>rocesses which arm the head, and in other particulars. From ilir

peculiar shape of these horns in our species it might bear the name of claviijrr still i e

ai>propriately tlian the one so termed by J/, valeneiennen. The individuals that wr
caught retained life long after they were drawn from tbe water, leaping vigorously o\ i r
the sands, and when touched iiillating the head. In this operation tlie iiraiicliiostegoiis
membrane is distended, and the .several jiieces composing the gill covers are separated liy
the extension of the intervening niembriines. Our Canadian voyageurs were both astoii
ishcd and alarmed by tlu^se fish, and termed thcMn (Jrapauds de nier, jirobab.'y fnmi a kiml
of croak they uttered when first handled. (Richardson.)

In 1849, having again visited tlu* stinie region, Richardson procured more spi'eimeiis nf
this form which he took home with him. He saw then that he had misiinderstooii Iih
notes, and wrongly ascribed to C. hexacornis rostral horns of the same nature as tlir
characteristic horns of the liead and nape, and that the form in (luestion wasnootlici
than V. tiundrieornis, an opinion all must accept who, recalling this correction, will ruml
tlie old descrijition of Sir John. (Liitkon.)

* Specimens of (htcocottv» labrndoriew), Girard, are thus described by Dr. Bean ;

Kye 5; snout nearly 5. D. X, 14; A. 14; V. I,:t; P. 17; C. 11 (developed). Two amnll
spines above tlie snout; a rough, irregular prominence above oacl. orbit and 2 siiiiiliu
ones on the occiput. The slight depression on the crown becomes narrower posteriorly
where its width is about 4 the length of the space included between the siiiiraoi liitiil
and occi])ital prominences. Four preopercular sjiines. 2of which are at the angle, tlic
uppermost and longest is i{ as long as the eye; the 2 lower spines are short and cxteinl
downward and slightly forwanl. The length of the longest preojiercular spine e(iu;il^
the distance between the eyes measured on tbe bone. The maxillary iti twice as long as

Jordan and Kvcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2005

.IVM8H1, I'.M;

740. TRIGLOPSIS, (Jiianl.

liiiiloiifiii, (.tiKAKii, I'loc. Bostt. Soo. Nat. IHhI ., iv, 1861, 18 (thompioni).
rtiiiiiioliiM, (irMiiKn, ('at., II, 176, 1800 (Ihitminioiii; Hiilwtitut)) for Triijluininon iiucoiint of
tlir prior 1111(1 Hiinilar iiainij, "nijlopi).

Itody uiul lii'tul Hleiidor. Skin n.-iktMl; l.-itttral lineuhiiin-Iiko. 'IVtttli on
> omer, nemo on tho |iii1iitiueH. Eyes Inrj;*', tlie intoroihital aro.i •■onciivo;
iiiiiioM of lower iiai't (>i head «)\t«>nHiv(;I,v cavornoiiH; a snnill but diHtinct.
A\i boliiud luHt; tri'! ; gill nieniliran<-H almost I'n^o IVoiii th*- istliinns, iVirminfr
;i lii'oiid fold iici'ouM it; ])ruo])«)rcuIar Hpinen Htraight, niniplo, 4 in nnnibor,
I lie lower tnrned downward; linMlarjir. FrcHh-waterllsln-H, closely related
\o OiivocottuH, from which tlicy have donlitlcHH become dev;radod through
fresh-water life. There is no tangible dill'eienoe in Htrncture iu any part
of the body. {rfjiyXa, Trigla; ti^/?, apiiearance.)

2:i;4. TKI<JL(»I>MIS TIIOMI'SOM, <iirar<l.

Head 3; depth 6. 1). VII, 18; A. 15; V. 1, 3. Body elongate, very Bleu-
ilor. Head long, depressed above; snout long and pointed; eye quite
hirge, nearly as long aa snout, much wider than interorldtal space, 4 ii,
liuad; ,jawssube([ual; mouth large, the maxillary extending rather beyond
middle of eye; preopercle with 1 sharp sjdiies, the upper much shorter
than pupil; cavernous strueture of skull highly developed; u|»per surface
of head smooth; gill membranes not broadly united, nearly free from
isthmus. Dorsal fins ^vell separated; spinous dorsal short and low, ita
Iieight little nior«i than length of snout; second dorsal very large, 3 times
iicight of first, its longest rays about as long as head; anal high, i .is
high as second dorsal; pt^ctoral long, reaching past front of anal; ven-
trals well developed; lateral line chain-like, conH])i .ous; skin perfectly
Hiiiooth. Pale olivaceous, with darker blotches ; ui)per tins faintly baiuled.
Length 3 inches. Deep waters of the Great Lakes; not common; known
from Lake Michigan and Lake Ontario ; doul)tless a relic of a former Arctic
marine fauna, and descended from a species of (hnocottua. ^Nanied for
li't^v. Zadock Thompson, the accomplised author of the History of Vermont. )

Triglopgis thompgoni, Gikard, I'roc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Ilist., iv, 1851, 19, off Oswego, Lake
Ontario (Coll. S. F. Baird) ; GniABD, Monograph Cottoids, 65! JouDAN & Gilbeiit,
Synopsis, 709, 1883.

Tri(jlop»i» stimpsoni, HoY, Trans. "Wis. Ac. Sci. 1872, 98, Lake Michigan. (Coll. Dr. Wil-
liam Stinipson.)

rti/onotuM thompnonii, GOnthkk, Cat., n, 175,1860.

t|io oyo, ahont } as long as the htmd to thu end of the o|)on'iilar spine, and uxteuda about
'o tli'e vertical through the hind margin of tiio eye. Teeth on tiie vomer, none on the
palatines. Dorsal spines slender; the Hrst twice as long as distance hetween <\ves; Miird
ami longest § as long as maxillary and ^ ns long as distance from tip of sn<)\it to end of
Dccipital promin<'nces. Base of spinous dorsal ^ total length without caudal; distance
liHtween dorsals 2 in eye. Longe.st soft dorsal ray (ninth) about as long as middle cau-
dal rays, or i total length with caudal ; |)ectorals reaching a lilth^ heyiuid origin of anal
;io second ray of anal); ventrals as h)ng as postorbital )>art of head and not reaching
vout. Skin above the lateral line with a few si)iny tubercles, none of them more than |
as 1r>ng as eye. A small slit behind fourth gill. "Coa-it of Labrador ..nd Hudson Hay. ■
'I'liis description bv 1 >r. Bean from specimens taken in 1880 near York i''actory, Hudson
Hay, by Kobert Bell, M. D. This nominal species is apparently the female of Oncoevttun
luxacornia.

jBgnjUiiuaigi

'I

I

L'OOd livUvtin y/, I 'iiitaf States National Mmeuni.

741. QYMNOCANTHUS. Swaliisou.

Oi/mnocanthtu, Swainsdn, (Mhhh. KIhIi., ttc, 11, 271, 18;m (vfiitraUn),

I'hobetvr, Kin'VKii, Nutiiili. TIdHclir., I, 2tl3, Iflll {tiinmiiit).

Htaphocottiit, Saivakk, Noiiv. A roll. Miih. l'arln (2), I, 187K, 142 {{iiKtillujer).

(ieiK^ml fhiiructiTs nml upp«Mirance of Acaiilhocoihia, but witli no t^'ctli
on the voniiT, the nlit Ituhind tliu hiHt fi'iW Hniall or wiiutin^; n]))ier luc-
opcnuhir spine Htoiit, armed with 2 or II iintler-likc proresHoH; linsiil' vt ry
large, tlio ventralH nutiil'ily HO. Arctic Seas, (yimrni, naked; (Vwfn'O.i.
Hpine.)

a. lutororbital tipiice not iiniicd witli lioiiy grniiulatfonH; iiiiil<>« with n nmiid whlio
Hiiot on belly; luHt gill iirdi witlioiit M\ or poro.
b. DorHal riiyH X, UorlTi: loiiil 10; a cirrus licliiuil t\vo in.yoiiii^; <i('ci|>ital jld;;!'
with :j bony |ironiiuonc<>H; axial rofiiou in nuili' with tViiiKol Illanii'ntM, wliito

at tl|>. I'lsriLLIOEH, '.'llT'i.

III). Dornal rayH XII, 10; anal 18; no <'irrii8 bt^liind i'y«'; oocijiiit without lidny
proniinent'UH; axial r<>Ki<>i> without t'riii(;eil Itlaniunts in oitiicr hcn,

TKif-rsi'is, 'j;i7(i

aa. Interorbital region covered with bonj' granulationH; nuilo!* v.'ithout whitu Hpnt-dn

belly; doraal rayH XI, 16; auall9. oalbatis -j::77.

2875. (JYMNOCAMIIUS PINTILIilOKU (PuIIiih).

Dr. (filbert describes this specicis us follows:

"Compared with UymuocanthuH tinmnpiit, (I. piHtilUger has a dill'oront liii
formula, the opines and rays of dorsiii and anal tins being fewer in nunihoi.
Thib is shown by the following tabh-, based ou an examination of 10
specimens :

SninouH
(lor.sal.

i IX. i X.

1

in ' :io

i:j.

1

Soli dtJrsal.

14. 15.
1
17 21

10.

1

.Viiiil.

RayH

15.
2

10.
28

17.
lU

'' The normal formnla may therefore be given ; 1). IX or X, 14 or 15; A. Hi
or 17. The type of (r. instUlUjer is .said to have D. IX, 13; A. 16; and lis
synonyms, (1, veiilralia, Cuvier & ViiU'ncicnncs, and G. intennediim, Teiu-
minck& Schlegtd, have, respectively, D. IX, 13; A. 17; and D. IX, 13; A. 1 1.
In G. triciii<pi8 the formnla is 1). XI or XII (rarely X), 15 to 17; A. 1(» to l!t.
The dorsal fins are more widely separated in G.pistUUger, where the inter-
space is e<|nal to i (»r more than A the diameter of the pupil. The vert< -
bra* are fewer in nnmber, 124-24 instead of 12-f-28. In G. piatilligvr i\u
obtuse prominence above hinder margin of orbit bears in young indi-
viduals a slender cirrus, which frequently disappears in adults. Hehiiid
the eye, n continuous occipital ridge bears 3 smaller bony promineuccH,
the lirst immediately behind the eye, the second and third approximated
, at posterior end of ridge ; these bear no eirri. G. triciiapia has no tubercles
on occiput. In males of G. |)t8<t7%cr, the post axial region is furnished
with u number of very slender tilamenta, each of which is expanded at tip

Jjnian and livcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 20()7

II iouikI wliii,

into n foiiiprt'NSi'tl frond- likf luniina, having thu ('n-i< cd^^n niorr or Iohb
liiciniute or fringotl, Thusu expaiitlod tips uru lui^^ht wliito ami v«>ry con-
siiiciioiia. No tracie of thi'iu Ih pr«-Hunt in fuinalrs, bnt thvy <l«>velop in
iiiahsH at a very early »>(•'• TIu-ho ajjreo with the HtructnreH (hwcrihctl by
I'aUas, on >vhli;h lii> iiam-d th'j nanu" pistil I itfer. 'I'hey Mwm not to bu
]in;8ont in O. Iricititpia. The uppt-r preo])uri'nlai'H])in«)iH uharply bit'urt-ate in
t'von our Hniallost HperimmH (50 mni.)> hiit in th«>Htt uo trace of a Hocond
medial npwardly dirrcted upine ia pruHent. Tho latter iH evident in apt^ci-
riionH 70 mm. and uioro in length, and aHinall (toutealed proniinenre r«!pr«>-
M'nting a third Hpine is exceptionally prrHent. No tratu of Hlit behind
last gill. The following niuatinrenicntH give the depth of Ixtdy and length
(if head in millinK^trra, uh couipared with total length, in 8 HpeciuienH:

Totnl
leiiKtIi.

I^eiiKth of
lit'iid.

Depth.

limi.

Ill III .

mill.

150

H

27

U^)

3Ui

25J

141!

;i«4

24J

i:i5

;i8

24J

las

40

25

134

;i7

24

125

344

21

03

2^

16

Very young examples show no groups of gniuulations on h<>ad or nape,
tiicse being usually wanting in speeimeus less than 100 nun. long. In
older examples they are variou.sly developed, the d«'gree of urmatunt
(Itpendout m-ither on age uor sex. They an' n«>ver armed on interorbital
siiaee, being unlike <#'. tjaleatuH in this respet-t, the granulations being eon-
lliied to the oeeipital and nuchal regions, with an additional elongate
patch on the upper jiart of the op«'rcle. In highly developiMl males, the
dorsal and ventral rays are accompanied with series of tuberch^s. The
color is brown above, with very narrow vermiculatiug lines of lighter; a
black blotch <m cheek, more conspicuous in males, and 4 incons]>ieuouH
cross bars on back; the darker dorsal area is boundt^l below lateral lino
by an irregular series of dark streaks or blot<'hcs. In males, the lower
Jaw and preoperclo is cross-banded with black and light yellow ; the
al)(lomt*u, lower half of sides in front of anus, and prepectoral region, with
large roundish white spots, separated by vermiculatiug areas, rendered
dusky by aggregations of coarse black dots; veutrals dusky and silvery,
the latter frequt: ily forming cross bauds; spinous dorsal dusky or black,
\\ ith irregular series of white spots not coniined to basal parts of fin.
lu both sexes the pectorals, second dorsal, and caudal are translucent or
yellowish, crossed by narrow black bars. The females are more uumer-
oiis than the males in our collection, btit the disparity in number is not
HO great as has been f juud by other writers. In 45 Hpucimens examined

1.14

•If -^i

• ''4\ Tl

2008 DuUctin 47, Ignited Stales Nathmal Afiisnttn.

ns to thiH, 17 urn iiialrH, L'8 females. Anions HiiuciuK'iiH ohtuiiiod at I'l-ti >
paiiUkl and at .IIIhiIiohh Station 3Mi\, oil' Koblien Inland, in IK ftitliiiin .
no inaleH are iiioludod. Tliu i'enialeH dill'fr from thoHe wv havo exiiniiii> d
from HriHtol Itay in hiiviuK the tup of head nioto oxteiiHively plutod, ii.r
ron){h plattiH extending onto ndddle of intutorhital Hpaoi-, or in 1 Hpvcinii n
onto Hiiont. Tbo jireorbitul ridy;u8 are Iohh ro^iilar and Lavt* lowor tnlx 1
clcH. Tlir Hpe<^inienH intli<-ato an approacli therttfoie to ii. galealita. 1 in^
tin rays aru an pruvioualy given. lu M speuiuiuus they aro as follows:

DorHiil

H|tillCH.

DorHiil I'liyH. I Aiiitl ruyit.

U. , 15.

1(1.

10. 17.

I

3 B

CoaHtHof Alaska; takm alMindaiitly in HriHtol May in 4^ to '2(\ fathoms."
(piHtilla, pistil; gero, I bear; in alluHiou to the axillary papillae of tlir
nnile.)

Oottun piHtillii/er, Paluah, /oo);r. liOHHoAsiat., ni, 43, 1811, Unalaaka; (JuviKii \ Vai.en

(IKNNKH, IliBt. Nat. PoiMR., IV, 1U3, 18'JU: (iOnthkk, Cat., li, 107, 18<I0.
CottiiM vmtralia, CuviBit &. Vai.BNCiknnem, HiHt. N'at. PuIhh., iv, 194, 18'J0, Kamchatka (< oil.

Mr. ColWe. Typs in Brit. Muh.) ; (jrNTnKii, Cat., Il, 107, 1860.
OoUuH eiphalitidet, ({hay, in CrviEK Si Valknciknnbs, HiHt. Nat. roiwi., iv, 1!I4, \x'i\\,

Kamchatka. (Type of C. ventrali*.)
Elaphoaitht* phtiUiger, Sauvaue, Noiiv. Arcliiv. Mns. 1878, 142.
GymnucanthiiH iiintilliijer, Oiliikrt, Kt^pt. U. 8. Fish Cunim. 189:t (1800), 424; Scofiklh.-

Kept. I'lir Seal luvestiKatiunti, 1808.

i.'

2870. ClYMXOiANTHrN TRI('USPIf>( (KeinlmrUt).

HnadS^t; depth H- D. XII, 16; A. 18; V. I, 3; 1'. 16; vwtehriP 12 + L'8
=^40. NaHal spintis small; occipital ridgi^s low, the space between them

* Mr. Scofiehl Inm tlio following note on this spnuies :

Tbreo siiocimoiiH taken at Urautly Harbor, Port Clarence, Mnsku.

Fin formuUv.

9

D.

A.

16
17
15

P.

C. branelu'U
rays.

14
15
13

18
18
17

0
0
0

I have compared them with specimens taken by the Albatrotn in southern Bering Soa
anil find tbem tlie same. . tho female taken at Port Clarence the crown (not betwci'u
the eyes), nape, and upper half of opercles are covered with scabrous bony plates. TIicsd
plat«s are present in some of the femaleH taken bv the Albatrott, but are not so eviilent.
The female has a few scattered rough prickles back of the orii;in of the pectorals. The
males have the miishrooin-like tllanieiit.H covered by the pectorals, and the middle rayn of
the pectorals have ]mpilbe along their inner edge. This tisli has been reported froiii llm
Atlantic side of North America, but it is proliablv a ditl'crcnt species, as the mnshniiiiii-
like filaments are not mentioned in their (tescriptlon. .Sir John Kichardson took n sin^N'
specimen, a female 5 or 6 inches long, at Hudson Hay, which appears to be the same as
these from Beiing Sea. Ho identified it as I'liubftor (rieimds (Kriiyer), and his plate of it
agrees j)erfectly with our specimens, but in his description he does not mention thei)ri<lili s
back of the origin of the pectorals, and ho mentions a few scabrous bony plates just bel(>n-
the second dorital which our speoimeus do not liuve.

Jordan amf livcniianu, — Jusfits of North .linm'ra. 2000

124; ScuciKLh.'

coiiciive, with i'uu);li plattm; Hii|iraiirliititl liil^rr nullum in " blunt tiiltriTl)';
itiii'i'tiibltul urcii with Hiiiooth Hi<in. K\i-8 vtTy lar^r; iiiiisiiinry t'Ntfnii-
in; to )>ii])il; upper pronprrciiljir Hpiiic hiMtixl; iiiiich Hiiurlri' tiiiiii rv«,
wiili uboiit 3 i>uiiitH; nIvIu iiumtly HimiDth; u\il priciily, itiit withvnt
lriii;;uil tlluiiM'iitH; iiinur otl^o <>(' initbllo pi'clonil riiyn pnpilloHu (male).
Sl'iiiuiiH (lurHal vny hi^rh aii<l Imi^;, the lon^iHt Hpiiii>H in tli<« nmir ^ \v\\^\\\
III licatl; M'uuiitl iloiHiil 11 li(t!<> Inwcr; uiiiil voiy loii)(, ruthnr low; p«*c-
1i>i;i1h vt'i-y l*ritii<l, ruacliing piiHt tVuiit of aiiiil. {\w lowt-r rayn rapidly
sliiiitotu'd; vuutraltt oxtreiiicjy lon;r, tbt> rayH loii};, exNortod, n-acliiii^ pasl
tVoiit of anal; anul [tapilla lur);i'- I Mirk lirowii aliovr, witli tran-s of
il;i I kur vertical ItarH; belly pal<^; niali-H with the axillary region tlimky,
will) many lar^re ruiiiul white Hpots; llrHt dornal lilarkiHli, with palu
lilutches; Heeonil tlornal with alterinitiiif; oblitpie IiuihIh of white and
liiiiclviHh; anal and eaiidal nearly plain; pectorals and ventralH vollowiNh,
Willi black croHH baru; mandible barred with black. Arctic HeaH, Hoiith
to Norway and Labrador; not very cunimou on onr coantH. Here dettcribetl
t'ldiii a Hpeeimen from (arcenhnul. Dr. (iilnthcr ^ives the following ana-
tiMiiical dotailH: "The liver in large, round, not divided into lobcH, and
situated principally on the left Hid«> uf the stomach. The stonia<-h in very
Hii:i< ious and curved; the pylorntt with G appendages; the intestines
;i|i|M-ar to make 1 complete circumvolution. The ovaria are 8<4>aratcd
11(1111 each other to their posterior extremity. The urine bladder in nar-
row, elongate, Hittiated above the right-hau<l ovarium. Skeleton: The
coiiliguration of the sxnll is much more similar to C.gobio than to Curor-
piiin ov bubalia. The space between the orbits is very slightly coneave,
very narrow, its width Ix'ing nearly ^ the distance b»'tween the upper
posterior angles of the orbits. The crown is Hat, without any longitudi-
nal or transverse ridges, but with very slight impression in the middle.
Till' frontal bones, the preoperculnm, the mandibula,and tht« infraorbitals
have very distinct muciferous channels; the tnrbinals are ])rovide«l with
.■v iiiiiiute spine. The number of the caudal vt^rtebrie is increased, there
being 12 in the abdominal portion and 28 in the caiulal." (l^u.) {ires,
tbri'c; cugpis, <usp.)

Ciiltii.H (fohio, Fabricu's, Fnmia Onenlaiidiea, No. 15, 1780, Greenland.

Coiiiit Iricuiiplt, Keinhauut, A'ideniik. Selsk. Nut. Math. AHiaudl., vir, 1838, 117, Green-
land; (iCNTiiEu, Cat., n, 108, IHflO.

('i)tliisfaliricii, Guixiiv, Mouojjraiih Cottoid«, 59, 1851, Greenland ; nff«r Cuttni gobio, Kab-
iiirius.

Cntiiis ventralit, Cou-ETT, Christianiu Vid. Selsk. Foili. 1878, 151 ; not of CuviER Sc Vai.en-

I IKX.NES.

AeiuilhoeottuH patri$,* II. R. Storeb, BohI. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, 1857, 2.'»0, Labrador.

((Joll. Dr. Horatio Koliiiison Storor.)
I'lu.hctor iricutpU, KRiiVEH, Natiir. Tidskr., I, 263, 1844.
(iiiuinueanthuM pistilUger, Jordan Jt Gu.bert, Synopsis, 709, 1883; not of Pallas.

* Tills Houtheni form, nanipd '^ptitnii" liy Dr. II. U. Storer, lor lii» diutiuguiHliud father,
iit'tds I'onipariHon with Uymnocanthtts tricusiiis,

3030 49

m

h^

fci^ii'' ""

3' ,•'

;;sK'

LMMO Ihdhtin /7, ^ '////<•(/ .SAr/<.y National Ahisatm.

•.>!I77. 4iVN\<M A.MTIII H 4ril,K.iTI M, Ittiiii.

iieiMl :<'! (iiicliiilinK ciiiiilul); tluptli 7^ I). XI, IH; A. ID; V.1,3. I'...i|y
i>lnii)jr,tt«). A Hiii»ll tiiliHiflu ultovit ourli <>yo ; I pr«Mi|)oi'Ciiliii- HpiiH<s. i||,<
l<)ii°)rt)Nt about iiH ioiit; »n o,vi\ itiiil with 2 or :< procrNHON. Spatut iM'tNv.on
««yrH tifoply ooiiciivu, roiiiplotely covrrod with huiiy )(r»iiiihitlotiH, ii- .iii<
thu nowii ami iirck; HiniDiir t(riiiiiiltitioiiH on liiii«l(>r iiiargiii of orliii, mi
Hiiliorl)ital Htay ami on oporrlu. Skin ot' itody naked. I'ltctoralN, ihhI jn
niah^s thu vnitralK uIhu, roai-hing huyoml vunt ; maxillary rtMkcliiii;: to
lii'low «yo. Slit lathiml lanl ^111 not duNcrihrnl. OlivaotMMiH; ha«'k wiili |
(liHtin<t hrown HjiotH, th» lon^^ost noarly twictt hh lon^ aH oyu, ami uxtiuii-
ing u littlo below latvral lino, thnn^ blt^nding with a wavy latoral Htii|ii>;
doiHaJH aii*l pcctorala with intt^rrnptiMl bhu-k band; luwur lihH {ihiin
whitlHli. Dr. (iilbort d»N(^rilM-H a Hinf{Io mal<« Hpocinit'n, 21U mm. \»\\g,
from ChiMnotHkl Harbor, UnaLiNka iHlantI :

'I'lif Hi'xiiul pociiliarilicH iir« Ichm Htrongl.v iiiiii'ki«l timii in nuicli Miiiiill«tr iiialcx nt' t;,
piMlilliilfr. Tlici vi'iitriilH uxtriul )>iil litl)(< li<*.voii)l tlii> front of llii< aniil lin, iiml nrv
unniiirkftl. Tint mImIuuicii Ih iilao pliiin, without tliu i-onnil wliltn H|iot rliarart«i Htli (,|
nialit H|Hi('ini«nH of <7. pittilligfr anil (/. Irifiiritit. TIichi< niaikH are apparently uIimimiI hU„
In tiir type, nM no niontiou Ih niaile of tlicin. Tin* NpinoiiH ilorHal Ih not Kcnally elcMiiiil,
ilH )iin(;(mt HpiiM' lN<inir toutnined 2^ liincH in tint lioail. It Ih without illatiuetivx murk
ln)iH, liriiif; colorcii liko tho Boft domal, li;;lit yitllowJHli, I'roMHlmnilutl with darker. .\nal
]iapillu Hliort, 5 mm. in lontitli. I'iatfH on lioad an In dcHcription, covurinK tlx' inliT
orbital ri'^ion, crown, o<'(^i|Mit, and napo ah far liack aa front of dorHnl i iirimcnt iiImh mi
upper part of opercle. and in a verth'al Htreak ininiudlately liidiind eyo. A -ry |>iiiini
u«nt tiilicrc o over liinder margin of eye, a conHtrii'tiun beliind It. Ocelplta' IimihiII\

rounded, wi.iiont tuliondes or <'uiiH|ii<'UouH ]>roniinen('eH of any kind, but HniiHith

areaHeorreH)ion(Uiig In ]>OHilion witii tlie tiiliercluHof r>. jiiitiUigcr, perliapH pi meat iikkihIi
In the yoiniK- 'I'be iinterl^tr one Im Hli{>;litly elevated. No Huperrillary 'llaiiientN I're
o]ierenbir HpineH iiiiiHHlve, Hliorl, with a Nin^le fork nt tip, no aeeeHBory HpineH lievelopnl.
Axil witli prii'kly HnileH, liiit without lilamentH. Domal XI, 10: anal lU. liiiteral lini' 13.
Head i>2 mm. lung; depth 112 mm. The depth ia tiiuro G^ In the total length, nul 7^ iin
deserllied for the tyiM).

■ Aluntian and Pribilof iHhtnds; known from IJnalaska and Kt. I'anI, ;iiiil
Point l^arrow. {fiuhatitH, helmotud.)

(Ij/iiiiioeiiiithim fialintiiB, llKAN, Proe. T. S. Nat. Miih. 1881, l.'>:i, Unalaska (Type, No .'Him;
Coll. Sylvan im l!all:-y); .Iohijan ic Ciu.niCKT, SynopBis, 707, 1883; Qiijikrt, Kept. I'.s.
Flah Cuinni. 189U (18mi),425.

74a. LEIOCOTTUS, Uir.ird.
LHocottus, UlKAKD, Proi'. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1850, 133 (liinindo).

Body clougatt', i-overed with thi<'k, smooth skin. HeadoompreHReil, u.u-
rowed above, not exttirnally b<my. Motith small, horizontal, low; villi-
form teeth in both jaws and on tho vonu^r, none on the palatines; u\)\m-

* Mr. Scofield has tiio fullowing note on a small M]>uehnen (3} inches) collected at I'lMiit
Barrow, Alaska:

Fin formula: ? I). X, 15; A. 17; P. 18; V. 3. Head 3J orSjl,, including caudal; liycHi
to end of opercular spine; Bnour4; maxillary 2| or past poHterior edge of pupil; iiitii
orbital 2 In length of orbit, depth .'i^ ; Lat. line 43 or 44. Fifth or sixth ray of pi'< lonil
loiiuest and reaching to third aiuil ray. Ventrals reaching } to vent. Mouth 8liL.'litl.\
obliiiiie. Upper ])rco|)ercular spiue with 3 sharp points on its upper side. No |i;i|iiil;i'
or sharp points under pectorals.

Jordan and Rvermann, — Fishes of h\yrfh Amcrita, 2011

iri'itpori'iiliir M|»liifl Hliort, atronu, with binirriitfld tip; Hiihnrhital stny
Miii'iow; ^ill iiii'iiiliriiiitm piirtly I'm- tVom tin- iHtlmiiiH, over wltiili tln-y
liM'iii a hroail told; u mIII bohiiid loiirtli y^\\\. riritt iIuinuI with itH iippor
iiiiirKiii Hoiiiinvhiit S-Hliiipt-il, tlio lliHt 2 Hpiiit>M rloii^iiti', tho MihliUr oiit<H of
ni'Ui'ly u)|iiul Icir^tli, and tin' poHtrrior oiioh rapidly HliortiiH'd ; vnilraU I,
.;. tihuru tlnhuH ut tho I'ai'ilit:. (Ae/u;, Htiiuoth; not zo%^ VuiUi»,\

'i!l7H. MliOrOTHM lllltI'MlO, Oirnrd.

St. Paul, mill

II(Mid :t.^; depth \\\ <•><' lar^o, t« in head. I>. IX, 17; A. I'.; V. I, :i.
Itndy elon^ati), t'nsilorm, thu niiidal pudnindr Mh'ntl»r; pmlilu «tt° oiiuiil
ili'iiirvud; inaxilliiry nMnhin^ front of mldt; I) Hniall lini at thu i-n«l of
(iK'h nnixillary; prt'opi-nnlar nuu'Kin with Hnvfral Hiniilur uirii; opunlo
mid Hhonldir )j;ii'dlu witlxnit Hpint'H; up|i<'r prooprniilar Hpiiu- aH loii^ aH
|iiipll. 'I'op of Itoad Hniooth ; HiiptaoilMtal rid^cH llttl«< rhniitud; uuHal
H|iini'H diHtant from tip of Nuont. tSpinoiiH lUuHal clrvatcd in front, tho
lii'Nt 2 rayH ninch louder than thi> othurH, n««arly jj h'n^th of lituid; Hoft
ilorHal and anal Huh lathi*!' lon^; purtoralH ntachin); past front of anal;
MiitralH to vent. OlivnrrouH, ahadrd witli li^rbt Iduo and reticiilatrd with
lirowniHh r<'d, the lattor lolor prudoniinatiuK (in the hi'ud; Hidrn with t
hroad, obliqin', browniHh-red bars, th<> lirHt ;t rniiulng from durual forward
and downward, thu fourth from tautlal ]> iliiurlo Itat-kward to baHu of
raiidal ; abdonim oran^u br«>wn, with palo Hpota; tantlal oiauKU brown,
with yrllow bars near thu tip; tins with bars and spots of dark brownish
red; brcaht and v«MitralH whitish ; It dark biotthcH ut busu of puctoraln;
s|iinonH<lorHal with oblii|nudark struaks; a dark Idotch on *>ach <-yuabovu,
iiiid a li^ht Htruak forward a\iil downward fr(»m t-yu. Lun^th 10 inrhrs.
Siinta Harbara iHlaudH, in uhallow water; uot raru, but extruuicly local.
{hiriinUo, swallow.)

l.i'ioeollvM liinuido, (iiUAUD, I'roo, Ac. Nut. Scl. I'liila. 1860, 133, San Miguel Island, near
Santa Barbara (Cull. Liciitcuaiit TruwbrMj^u) j (JiUAUU, U. S. i'uc. K, it. ISuiv., x,
FiHiit'H, tt2. isr)8.

CottiiM hiiuiidi), HVkimeu, Cut.. II. 100, 1801).

LiiieuHuB lUrunUo, Juuuan i.V. Uiluuut, Syiioimis, 71'J, 1883.

collected at

743. LEPTOCOTTUS, (Jirard.

I.iptoeottui, OiiiAun, Proo. A<'. Nut. Sci. Phila. 1851, i:)0 (animtm).

Ilody ulon>i;ato, duprcsscd, covered with jierfectly smooth slilti. TIead
(li'prcssed, oblong, not very broad, without cirri; lowur jaw iucluded;
.suiiorbital stay narrow; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatiues, (Jill mem-
l)riiuus rather narrowly joined to th«« isthmus, uot forming a fold across
it; a slit behiud fourth gill; preopercular spine strong, withl!«»r 3 points
hooked upward. Dorsal tins .separate; thu spinous dorsal short and small,
entire; ventrals I, 4. iShuru lishcs of the Pacific. (Ae;rruS, aieudcr;
Horvoi, Cottut.)

kii:

k:.

2012 BuUctcn ^7, Uiu'tid Siaks National Afitscum.

2370. LKl'TOfOTTl'S AltMATUS, Girurd.
(Smooth Cabezox.)

Head 3 in len«tli ; di-pth (J. 1). VII, 17; A. 17; V. 1, 4. Hoail loiifr an.l
ilcprcBHud ; iiioutli Inigo, the iiiiixilliiry reiu"biii<j boyoiid oyc; iiiterorbii.il
Hpaco lnoiid, scarcely <'()ii(!av«»; uasal apiiieH cuiiceulud; top of head lint -
tinli, <'over«<l with riigoHc skin; nppcr prcoiiercular spine with 3 or 4 s])iii.
nlt!s hooku<l upward; Hnhoibital stay slender, not reaching ineopcn 1 ;
eye very small, less than interocular width, 7.^ in head; lateral line com-
|ilete; s'Mn everywhere sniootb ; no prickles nor cirri. Dorsal spines vci v
slfMider and low; pectorals reacliiug or extending beyond vcut; venti.ils
halfway to vent, (irayish olive above, Iteconiing abrnptly white ami
silvery below; sides creamy; jHjctoral lius creanjy yellow, with 5 or (i
black cross bars; spinons dorsi'l dusky, with an ink-like blotch on ti)i of
last rays, and an oblique white band below; soft dorsal dusky with sev-
eral oblique white bands; caudal banded; ventrals and anal pl.iin.
Length 12 inches. Pacific ("oast from Kadiak to San Diego; overywlicio
very common, the most abundant of the Cottoids of our w«8t coast; liv-
ing near shore. It flattens the head and ex]>andB the i)reopercular spines
when disturlx^d. {armatus, armed.)

Lfjdocnttus aniiatKii, (iiRAKi), I'roc. Ac. Niil. Scl. I'liila. 1854, 1;U, Cape Flattery, Fort Steil-
acoom, Willapa Bay, Humboldt Bay, San Francisco, Monterey, San Pedro, Von
Point, San Diego, Tomales Bay (Coll. Dr. Suckley, Dr. Coopur Lieut. Trowl)ri(li;c,
otc.) ; GiKAKi), U. S. Pile. 11. U. Surv., X, Fish., 60, 1858; JuHUAN &. Gilbekt, Syiioiisis,
714, 1883.

Oentridermichthyii armatm, CjCntheu, Cat., u, 171,1860.

744. CLINOCOTTUS, Gill.

Clinoiottus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 160 [analis).

This genus differs from OUgocotim in having the skin of the sidb;. "f
bo«ly mesially, covered more or less thickly with minute prickly scales
embedded in the skin; anteriorly, forked cirri take the place of scales;
mouth witii lateral cleft ; preopercular spine short, bifurcate, t^mall lishes
of the California rock pools. {Cliiiun; '' Uiis.)

•I

2380. flilXOCOTTCS ANALIS (Girard).

Head 3A; depth 4^. D. IX, KJ to 18, A. 13 or 14; V. I, 3; P. 15. lb .id
narrower autt'riorly and rather pointed; mouth with lateral cleft, tlie
maxillary reaching beyond pupil; band of palatine t»'eth short and iiai-
row, oft«',n absent on oim side or on both ; (!yc hirge, 5 in head, about twii c
the width of the deeply grooved interorbital space; nasal spines distant
from snout; preopercular spine short, bifurcate; cranium plane above;
upper part of body mesially c(tvered with minute, embedded, nonimlni-
cated, pectinate scales; anteriorly, small cirri, nu)8Tly bitid or tsiiid, t.ilse
the place of tlu^ scales. Head, especially abov«', with very many similar
cirri; a fringe of cirri on edge of i)reopercle. Dorsal lins contigndiis.
rather low; pectoral reaching past front of anal; anal papilla very laig<'.

-p..

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2013

olivftot'ouH, somt'tinn'8 very palt', soinftiiiics iionrly l»lii(k, occiiHionally
fl,'iHli<>(l with rrddisli much inotthMl, aiul witli iniiii«'nMiB Hniiill hliick and
wiiitc spots; ahimt r> irn-jafiilar darker hars; a dark liar at base of caudal;
liiiB all spotted; cirri very uuhutomh, uumtly whitish, {fiviuj; the lish a
■Aoolly appearauco in lite. Lon^rth 3 to 7 iuehes. C«»ast of Califoruia ;
:iliuudau'i ill rock pools froui M«>uterey southward to Lower ("alifornia,
liirther soi'.tii than auy other of the California CotlUlw. (aiialis, from the
l,irg(< anal papilla.)

(tUtjoeoltut analis, Giraru, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1857, 201, Monterey (Coll. A. S.

Taylor. Tyi>o, No. 4H0, TJ. S. Nat,. Mus.) -, Cihahu, V. S. Pac. R. 14. Surv., x, Fishes,

57, 1&')8; JoKDAN &, CriLiiEHT, Synopsis, 718, 1883.
(U.ltm erinigfr, GUNTiiER, Cat., u, 522, 18«0, Monterey, California
Ctntridermiehthysanalit, GOnther, Cat., ii, 171, 1860.
ClinocotUis analii, Jouda" &. Evermann, Ciieck-List Fishes North aud Middle America,

444, 1890.

745. OLIGOCOTTUS, Girard,

iilifinenttiiB, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. IS.'iB, 131! {waciilo.iut).

Hody rather «doiigate, th(^ skiu smooth ; preopercnlar spiiio sleuder and
sliarp, simple or with a siujjle antler-like i>roce88 al»ovc; small tentacles
on lieatl and anterior parts of l)ody; };iil memltraiies broadly united, Iree
li'om tlH> isthmus; slit hehind fourth <>il] small or o1)sol<-to; tlorsal spines
slender, the tin short and m>t emar<>inate; anal papilla of male large;
veiitrals I, 3. Small tishes of the North l*a<ilic, iuhaliiting rock pools
lictween tide marks, the very smallest of the Cottido!. (uXiyoi, small;
Cotfua.)

a. Preopercnlar ftpinc bifld, having a proces.s directed upward in addition to the pointed

spine: I). VIII, Hi; A. 12 to 14.

b First dorsal without ocellate spot ; head with many cirri ; nuile witli the anterior

ravs of anal enlarged and detached. macclosus, 2:!81.

66. First dorsal witli a black (xrelhis; cirri on head few; anal tin in males with the

anterior rays not especially enlarged or detached. bouealis, 2382.

2881, OLIGOCOTTUS MAOULOSUS, Girard.

(Johnny.)

Head 3; depth 4. D. VIII-16; A. 12 to 14. TTead slender, narrowed
above, the snout rather point<'d; ma.xillary reaching pupil; top of head
with several scattered cirri; a few oii sides of head; cirri on lateral line
iiiitoriorly and on front of l»ack, also along ba.se of dorsals. No scales or
|irlckles anywhere; ]>reopercular spim^ forked ; front rays of anal enlarged
Mild detached in males; anal papilla large (in males); pectorals reaching
well beyond front of anal. Usual color, reddish lirown, varying to gray,
intense green or crimson accordingto surroundings, the A'ivid colors devel-
opc'l in the presence of similarly colored alga?; fins all barred; belly
usually livid bluish or greenish; lower side of head with white mottlings.
length 2 to 3 inches. Pa<ific coaet, from Cape Mendocino to Point Con-
ccpcion, rather common ; one of the smallest of the marine Cottido; a bright-
( oUtred inhabitant of rock pools. {maculosHa, spotted.)

2014 Bulletin ./7, United States National Muselwi.

OlijiiieotlKv iiiariilonus. (iiiiAnn, I'roc. Ar. >>m(. S<i. FMiilii. 1856, 16H, Tomales Bay (Coll i\
Siiiniii'lH); San Krancisco (('oil. LIpiiI. Trowbridjjo) ; Fort Steilacoom (Coll. Ii,- ;.
Siickh'y) ; (liKAUi), r. S. Vac. U. It. Surv., .\, FIhIi., 56, 1858; .Iokuan A OlLUBUx, S n
opHiH, 718, IKKI.

Centiidevmiclithy» niaetdonu*, ( irNTiiKii, Cut,, ii, 171, 18(i0.

JJ

'U|

2ilH'2. OLKJOCOTTrS HOKKAI.IS. .lonlmi A Snvdor.

IToad 'M, ; (l«)pth U; orl)it I in hwul; snout 4; niiixillary 2|. D. VTll ,,r
IX-l(ioi'17; A. 12 to 11; P. II; lii|'.(liest dorsal spiiiw I^; dorsal niy 2! ; (;;ii-
dal ray 1^ ; 'irst iinal ri y, male li, ftMiuilc 'ii; vontrals lf| ; caudal iti'dum Ic
3^ ; poctorals 3 in lrn<;th. Hody <!oni]trcHsed, elonjiiite; liack 8oni(nvli;it
ehivatvd, dtM'jtest bolow niiddl«)ols|)inous dorsal. Jlcad iilinost as widi ,i.».
louji, tapering from lieliind to tlic sonicwliat pointed .snout; profile ..i
lie.'id rounded above, straight btdow ; uiontii terniinal, nearly horizoninl;
niaxilliiry extending to vertical tlirough po8t«'rior ])art of pupil; lower
Jaw included; .jaws, A'onier, and palatines with villiforui teeth; snout is
long as orbit; eye high in head ; interorbital space narrower than will ih
of orbit, its concavity angular; o]>ercle with a triangular (lap; angle of
preoperclo produced into a forked s])ine, which is covered with sKin,
excei)t on the sharp points; prongs of preopercular spine .J as long ms
orbit; nasal spines prominent; the long premaxillary processes forinin;; ;,
sharp ridge between the latter; branehiosteg.al membranes forming a told
across the isthmus; gills >U, tlie slit behind the fourth arch much reduced;
pseudobranchia' present; gill rakers represented by a few protuberamcs
on the arch. Skin smooth; lilami nts on free end of maxillary, on iiil'e-
rior edge of pre<»percle, and first dorsal to the bases of th(! pectoral liiis;
also a row of filaments extending along the supraorbital crest, over tin-
back of the head and along the lateral line for about k the h-ngth of llic
body, the filaments usually paired, i. e., 2 grow from the same ijlace;
anal papilla prominent; large mucous pores scattered about the toji and
sides of head; pores of lateral line 3(5 to 40. Dorsal fins 2, separate; first
dorsal 4 in hejid and body, curving from distal end of first sjtine to posterior
part of ba.se; spines rather feeble: second dorsal 2 in head and body, a
little higher than first, its middle rays longest; anal fin about 3^ in h( ;h1
and body; in the male the first and second rays longest, the third, fourth,
and fifth each a little shorter than the precluding one, the last shortest; in
the female the first ray is the shortest; caudal fin somewhat rounded;
pectoral rays below the sixth ventrally free from the connecting iinin-
brane for a portion of their length ; ventral lins reaching to vent, in some
specimens to anal. Color, usually reddish brown, varying to gray, in-
tense green or crimson, according to surroundings, the colors develojnd
in the presence of similarly colored alga-; dorsals, pectorals, and caiidiil
barred; anal sometim«'8 barred; front of spinous dorsal with an ocellated
blackspot. Pacific Coast, from I'rince William Sound to Oregon; the types
collected in tide pools at Neah Hay, Puget Sound, by Mr. E. C. Starks.
Others were collected at Neah Hay by Mr. Henry St. Clair, and still others in
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, by Dr. C. H. Gilbert. This spcu'ies is
closely related to OligocotUis maculosus, but may be distinguished from tin'
latter by having fewer filaments on the head and body, an ocellated spot

Jordan and Evtrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1MH5

D. VTII „r

(III i'rout of iirst dnrHiil, and by liaviu^ the rayu of thu aual tin in tlu> male
111! connecttHl by membrane; tho tirnt ray of anal is mncli Hhortt>r and
wr ikcr in (). hoieulis. (boreaUa, northern.)

III. iiicottiiH borealin, JoitDAN \- Snydeb, I'roi;. Cal. Ac. Sci., Series 2, vol. vi, 181MJ, 226, Neah
Bay. (Coll. E. C. Stark«. Typo, No, 3396. L. S. Jr. Univ. 3' us.)

746, OXYCOTTUS, Jonlau & Evormann, new genus.
n.iii'ottuf, JoKHAN ife EVEUMANN, now genus (acuticepii).

TliLs genus is iiUied to (Hifforoftm, (littering in tin* absence of upward
pi'iicess on tlio sharp, upwardly curved preopcrculur spine. No slit behin<l
l,i-( gill. (dgt'S, sharp ; i'ottua.)

u. Snout Hharp ; anal riiys 12 or 13. Acn-KM-.i's, 'Jitsn.

tin. Snout bluntish; anal rays 10. kmiiuyu.m, 2;i84.

23S3. OXYCOTTUS .U'UTICEPS (Prilliert).

Head 3^ to .^|; eye 4 in head; snout 4. D. VII or VIII, 15 or 16; A. 12 or
i:{. Head slenderer and with sharper snout than in O. macHlosiiH. Inter-
(iiliital space slightly concave, its width ^ eye; maxillary region verti-
cal Just in front of the pupil, 3 iu head, Cardiform teeth on jaws, vomer,
iiiul palatine bones. Preopercnlar spine slender, siiarp, curve<l upward
and inward, neither notched nor forked. Prectpercular margin un.'unieil
lifldwlt; nasal spines sharp; occiput without ridges or spines; opercle
tliiclveued above, ending behind in a rounded lobe; without delinite ridge
or sjiine. Braucliiosti'gals 6; no evident pores behind last gill ; gill meni-
hvanes broiidly nnitc<l, free from the isthmus. A cirrus at inner base of
iiiisal spines, 3 pairs evenly spaced on toj) of head, 1 above orbits, 1
posteriorly on occiput, and 1 midway between these 2; a <'irrus at
angle of opercle; 1 above each pore on anterior portion of lateral line;
sides of body otherwise smooth, without further cirri and without axil-
liivv and other prickles. Dor-sal lin usually slightly joined at bjise; pe<!-
tonils reaching to or slightly beyond front of anal fin; ventrals sliort,
e(iiialing length of snout and eye, extending halfway to front of anal;
anus anterior in position, thus (littering from O. hwchIosuh and C, anaUa,
its distance from base of ventrals l»ut ^ its distance from front of anal
lin; pores of lateral lino 33, each of the anterior 15\xsually accompanied by
a <irru8. Fin rays in 7 specimens are as follows:

Spinous dorsal.
Vn. VIII.

Soft dorsal.

Anal.

Rays

15,
3

16.

12.
3

13.

Specimens...

2

5

4

4

Color varying with the surroundings, often nearly uniform Itright green.
Wlien dark markings are present, we usually And 6 short wedge-shaped
iloisal bars, widening rapidly below, and joining one another by their
extreme tips; below these a dnsky wavy lengthwise streak, and another
wider one below Literal line, the latter marked posteriorly by round
white spots, the size of pupil; occiput dusky; a black bar from eye to
miunt; 1 from eye to behind maxillary ; 1 from eye to base of p^oopcrcu-

2010 BuUetin //, United States Natioml Museum.

lur Hpinc; Ww iutiTViil Itctwoi'ii tli«.sosnl»ociilur burs may bo silvery wliic;
spinouH (liirsiil oCt^ii sliowiiij? 2 dark biirs, iih in //. glohirepn; vnniilH
pbiin; fins otli«r\vis« finely mottled or indixtinctly burred; Home or ;i!i of
thi-so dark markiiigH Homctimes iibHeiit. I'rinoe William Hound (ArUmr
White Oreeley) to Vancouver Island. Four Rpccimcns, the largest 17 him.
long, i'rom tide pools at llnalaskii, iire the tj^jtea of the speeies. Tlmi'
additional specimens were taken in Departure Hay, Vancouver Isl ml,
((lilbort.) (ocH<M«, sharp ; -ccj)«, head.)

OlIjioeiitliiK acutieepn, Gu-Iiekt, Kept. l'. S. Fish Omiini. 1803 (1806), 432, Unalaska i ,,||.
AlbalrotK).

28S4. OXYCOTTl'S KMItRYI'M (Jordan & Starks).

Head 4 ; depth 4^. D. IX, 15; A. 10; orbit 4 in head; snout 4; niaxillnry
2^ ; highest dorsal spine 2i ; dorsal ray If; anal ray IJ; h-ugth of LMmlal
flu I'i; ventrals 1^; pectorals 2^ in body, liody elongate, conii)r('s>c(l,
back slightly elevated, dce]>est under spinous dorsal; caudal pednncli'
nioilerately slender. 8kin without scales or prickles; head small, tiiini-
ing rapidly forward to the rather sharp suimt as viewed from above ; iho-
lile of head straight below, acutely and evenly rounded above; iiKnitli
terminal and hoii/ontal; maxillary reaching to the vertical from tin-
middle of pupil; lower Jjiw included; teeth on .jaws, vomer, and ])aliitiiiis
in narrow villiform bands; process of j)remaxilhuy prominent, extemlinn
slightly above nasal spines, giving the ap)>earance of 3 spines .iIkivo
snout; eye set high in head, the orbit as bmg as snout; jmiopoK iilni
spine short, blunt, and triangular, entirely covered with the skin, cdnv of
preopercle below, entire; opercle ending in a short llap; top of lund
with 2 rows of "mossy" cirri, running from the superior orbital iii.imin,
curving over head and continuing on lateral line, they disappeai' mi its
anterior third. Dorsal si)ine rather stout, the fin lower than soft doisiil
rounded in outline; soft dorsal well separated from spinous, the fnmt of
fin th«' highest; pectorals long, the eighth ray the longest, giving I he lln
a point behind which reaches to the base of about the seventh dorsal i;iy;
the same rays below the eighth swollen and posteriorly free fioin tlic
membrane; anal about as high as soft dorsal, the rays somewhat swollen
and more or less free; ventrals long, reaching about to front of anal, tlicir
insertion behind base of pectoral a distance equal to the snout and ( vc:
caudal fin slightly rounded. Color variabh' fi'oni light green to a rich
maroon; traces of .5 or 6 dark crossbars on back; lower parts dnsk.v wiili
small light spots; belly white; a dark bar from eye to side of snout. 1
from eye to edg<' of preopercle behind end of maxillarv, and another IVoin
eye to below preopercular spine; lips black; lower rays of pecioials
crossed with black and white bars which fade out above; ventrals lii,flit
with soiue dusky mottlings; dorsal dark ;rbov(s light at l>jise, no inink-
ings; anal with bhick and white bars running Jicross the rays, caiidiil tin
mottle<l. In this species the preopercular spine is verj' short, slini'ii,
tui'ned upward, and covered by skin. It has a more acute snout than II.
fllobieeps, mouth with a lateral cleft, body more compressed, and the |>ii-
maxillary process extending above nasal spines. I'uget Sound to M')ii-

hit

Jordan and Jivermann. — Fishes of North America. 2017

Unalaska ( nil.

toiey, scarce; 2 HpeciincnH coUcctinl in tlie tith) pocds loft in the sand on
:i ht-iach nrar Ncali May, the Iarfj;e8t 2?- iiH"h«'s in length. A third siMM'inuMi,
darker in color, ubtiiincd at Point LoboH, Curnidu liay, near Monterey, by
Mr. .lolin O. Siiyth-r. (t.v, in; fifivov, sea inoHs.)

I iliffocottiis eiiihriiuiii, .ToiiiiAN &. Stakks, Troc (Jul. Ac. Sci. lH)r>, 808, pi. 82, Neah Bay,
Washington. (Typr, Nt.. 3128 L. S. Jr. Univ. Miis. Coll. K. C. Starks.)

747. BLENNICOTTUS, (iill.

HlenineoUut, (lli-i., Proc. .\c. Nat. Sti. Pliila. 1801, IWi (globiecpM).

TliiH ijcnuH is very cloao to ()U;/o",oltii8, ditl'erinjj in the form of itw pre-
(i]»('rcular spine, which i8Hh<»rt, bhint, and simple. Herd short and Miint,
the cleft of the mouth largely or wholly anterior. Last gill slit obsolete.
North Pacitic. (liletiniuB; VoHua.)

a. llt!n(l nearly globular, very blunt; the clc^ft of month not extentliDg on its sidts;

preop(!rcular spine with a sliort iioint ; ventrals IJ to IJ in heailj D. IX, IG; A. 11.

h. Head witli rather A^w cirri. OLOiiiCEPS, 2.185.

bh. Ileatl with very many cirri. var. bkyosus, 2^8'i«.

2385. HLEX>n OTTUS nLOBirfiPS (Girard).

HeadSf; depth 4i. 1). IX, 10; A. 11; V. 1,3. Pody little compressed;
head o.xtremely short and blunt, narrowed above, nearly everywhere (con-
vex. Mouth anterior, short and broad, almost without lateral cleft; lower
jaw shortest; maxillary reaehin;; past front of the small eye; interorbital
space very narrow, grooved, about i width of eye; preojjercular spine
with a single point turned upward; top of head with 2 series of cirri; none
on sides of head, except a few on upper i»art of oporcle; a series of cirri
along anterior half of lateral line; skin without scales or i)rjckle8; pec-
torals reaching beyond front of anal. JJark olive, with obscure darker
cross bars; tirst dorsal with 2 dark streaks above; fins generallj' barred
with greenish, orange, or blue; cirri mostly bliick. Length 3 to 4 inches.
Pacific Coast, from Kadiak to San Diego; the typical form from Sfiu Diego
northward to Oregon ; in rock pools, rather rare, more common southward.
{tjlohtis, globe; -cep8, head.)

Oligocottua globicepa, GiRARD, IT. S. Pac. R. R. Snrv.. Fish., 58, 1858, South Parallones.
(Coll. Lieut. Trowbridge. Type, No. 300, U. 8. Nat. Mas.) ; Jouuan &. Giluebt, Synop-
sis, 718, 1883.

Ccnfridermichthys globicepg, GI^nther, Cat., II, 171, 1860.

IllennicottuK globiceps, Jordan &, Stark, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 808.

p

Represented in Pugot Sound and northward to Katliak by

2885». BLENXICOTTIS (JLOBICEPS BRYOSI'S, Jordan & Starks.

Northern specimens are larger in size, 4 to 6 inches, with paler and more
variegated coloration and red markings ; the preopercular spine is stronger
and slightly hooked ui)ward, and the operde has many more cirri above
than in the southern form. These dilfereuces are very slight and perhaps
unworthy of notice, dipvov, sea moss, from the cirrous head.)

Illennicottux globiceps bnjnuus, Jordan & Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 808, Point Or-
chard, Seattle. <CoU.£. C. SUrks.)

l^r-

.-4-

!:

2018 liu/h'tin ^7, United States National Museum,

748. HISTIOCOTTUS, Gill.

Piropiis, Lay \- nKNNKTT, IJccclicyH Voy., Zool., FImIi., .lit, 18:nt (hilobns) ; nnnio j>re<)t(U|ii, 1.
llinHnei>Huii, O1U-, Proc. I\ S, Nut. Mum. 1888, 573 (liilnhuH).

This jjoiiHH i.s vt>rj' <'l»»ao to IHipaiaH, from which it dillerH in the abseiK .-
of Hinooth ii 10118 on th« body; the tins arc h)w«ir, the dora.-il noteniiii.;!
niite, and the pectoral miieh iar^^er, porhapH eiipalde of bein^ used t',,\-
llijjfht. North j'aeilic. {Idriov, aail; Cottiia.)

'.>:tS4(. IIISTHMOTTIIN itILOItUN (Ciivicr \-. ValciiciRnncH).

I). LX,:il; A. IS; 1', 16. Hody shorter and deeper than in lUipmin cirtho-
aiiH, with thicker randal pednncle and heavier head, the bones les8 liim;
Hnont Hhort, obtuHe, intcrorbit.-il Hi>aee very wide, concave, ^ wider tiiaii
the sniiill eye; short occipitiil ridf^cs present, liesides several bluntisli
tubercles. Mouth broatl, oblique, the maxillary reaching pupil; tccili
small, distant; barbels as in vhrhomiH. Head and body covered with
jiricklcs, larfj;er and blunter than in ilrrhoaus; no naked patches on body;
tins less developed than in cirrhoHus; first 5 or 6 spines of dorsal subeiiu.il,
the last 3 altruptly shorter; pectorals lon<;;or and much broader than in
cirrhosHs, reachinj"; seventh anal ray; caudal short, much shorter than
head. Olivaceous, paler lielow; dorsal rej^iou with 4 or 5 black biirs,
reii(;hing ^ the distance to the later.il line, and somewhat continued on tli(>
fins; caudal with a bhick bar at base, otherwise plain; pectorals and .inai
blotched with black. Coast of Alaska aiul Kamchatka, not very common ;
the specimen here described from Kadiak. {hilobm, two-lobed.)

Jilepaiat hilobtu, Cuvieb & X'alenciennes, Hint. Nat. roiss., iv, 379, 1829, Kamchatka
(Coll. M. CoUiji), IJiit. M118.); OnNTiiKU, Cat., 11, 153, 1800; JoiiDAN & Giluekt, Sjuop.
8i«, 7'JO, 1883.

I'eropm bUobun, Bennett, lleefho.v'.s Voy., Zool., Fi«h., 59, 1839.

749. BLEPSIAS, Cnvier,

Bl>'pid(u, CnviER, R(Wno Animnl, Ed. 2, 1829 (eirrhoem).

Head and body compressed; skin hispid with stifHsh villiform prickles,
and with definitely naked areas; snout and chin with several rather lonj;
barbels; mouth small; teeth villiform, on jaws, vomer, and palatines;
preopercle with 2 short blunt spines; gill membranes free from the isth-
mus; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; toj* of head with bony ridges; sult-
•orbital stay narrow; tirst dorsal short, elevated in front, emarginate, tlio
spines slender; second dorsal large; anal similar, lower; ventrals very
short, I, 3; pectorals long. North Pacific. (An old name of some fish ;
from liXeicco, look.)

23H7. BLEPSIAS CIRRIIOSITS (Pallas).

TTead3f; depth SJ. D.V-III,23; A. 20; P. 12; scales 50. Supraocular
ridgt's well developed; int«'rorbital space concave, with 2 low ridges
extending backwar«l from nasal spines, diverging toward occipital ridges;
th(! latter large, partly interrupted; suborbital stay conspicuous; tempo-

Jordan and Evcrtnarin. — Fishes of North America. 2019

opreocciiiiii ,1

rill ridjjo present; niiivillary ruituliiii); to Ix'yond iniilille of ])ii])il ; snout
W'tb r> linrbols, chin with (>, tho ionf^imt about as Inn^ an th<- e.v<>, which
it).:^ in head; nsninil cirrus on cu(;h interoriiital ritl^ro; interorbital space
ar< A'idc as cyo; sides witli W or I pule, weil-dnlinod, naked aieus behind
jM' torals, th*> 2 anterior much tlie largest; behind these a b>ii^ nakc<l
sti p aionj; the lateral line, coloretl like the rest uf th(^ V)ody ; lirst I spines
of liorHal elevated, \ to '\ length of head; tlic lifth much shortened; iiieni-
lir:;iie (b'cply notched between the (iftb spine and the sixth, which is
Immer than the one Itefore it; vcntrals aH lon;j as eye; pecturalH reacbinjj
Mi'icli beyoiul front of anal; tirat rays of soft dorsal short; tiut others
i^iiidualiy lengtlieutMl to near the last, the highest hi^htu' tlpin the dorsal
>Iiiiios; caudal lon<i'er than bea<l. Dark «>livaccous, sides ot back with 1
III (! vertically obIoii<r blaek bb>tches ed^-ed with i)aler, not reaching
iicirly to lateral line; belly and naked areas on sides whitish; black
1)11 lids radiatinj; from eyes; tins dark, with lar^fo jiale blotches au<l <lark
s|i<>ts; caudal with li;j;lit and dark bars; vcntrals plain; a small white
siiot on front of spinous dorsal. Adults from llnalaska show the follow-
iiii; cobu": Olive fjreeu of varying shades, the i>elly bri<;:lit co|)]),'ry yellow,
tin cross blotches on iiack nearly black, with paler margins; naked
)iat(hcs on sides white or brassy, those on tail colored liK») body, those on
li( ad silvery ; lirst dorsal light olive, with 2 translucent patches; secimd
dorsal mottled oliv<' with dark spots and translucent patches; cau<lal
wirli '^ bla<'kish and 4 translucent bands; anal yellowish cdive with
iiimierous spots and translucent patches; radiating blackish bands run-
ning out from »\ve; the ujijter barbtds black, the lower (dive. Length (>
iiM lies. Alaska to San Krancisco, in shallow Wiiter; not rare northward;
((niimon at Tnalaska; known also from I'etropaulski and Ituru] Island;
not ofttni seen south «)f Puget Sound, {cirrhoaiis, bearing cirri.)

Trdchinns cir/-7*o«HS, Pai.las, Zciopr. RoHH.-ARint., ui, 2li7, 1811, Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka

(Coll. Merk); Gulf of Penshin, Ochotsk Sea.
lU'ii.iias trilobus, (JuviER & Vai.kncienxf.s, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, :t75, 1829; Maine tyjicM.
lUi'lisias cirrhoxun, GiiNTUiou, (Jat., u, 15;i, 1800; Steindachnkk, Ichtb. Beit., V, 128, 187();

.luKDAN & GiLHEBT, Synopsis, 710, 1883.

750. NAUTTSCUS, Jordan A- Evermann, now genus.

\iiiitisnis, Jordan & Evek.m .^n- ihw <r<'i"is (prihiUwiun).

This genus is closely allied to Xautkhthys, having the same gill struc-
tiiics and dentition, but the lirst dorsal is only moderately elevated, its
height being less than de])tb of body. There are no cirri on the head,
anil there is no marked depression at the occiput, the base of tlie dorsal
l)eing little raised above the nape; preopercle with four obsolete spines;
skin rougher than in Nantichfln/a, the anal fin shorter. Bering Sea.
(u diminutive of j'cvur?/?, a ship, from the low first dorsal.)

2388. XAl'TlSti:8 PKIBILOVIUS, Jordan .t Gilbert, new species.

Ditfering from N. oculofaseiatua in the shorter lower fins, the lower cra-
nial ridges, and the <'oloration. Head '^ to 3^^; dei)th 3?. D. VIIT, 23; A.-
T); V.I, 3; P. 15; eye 3^^ in bead ; maxillary 2f; lateral line with 39 spines.

SI:

l"'^

2020

Bulletin //, United States National Mitseinn.

Sliiipoof he.id ami liody iiiiich as in N, ornh>fasrintun; lieatl slioii, Hk ,,i\{
raHior Hliar|>. tin* antnior profUn steep; nasal HpineH ])romiiwiit, :i Imri
oiTiilar rirriiH, imioli snijillrr than in \. ootilofaaiialiia, Hliortcr tlian \<"\\\\;
inti-robital Hpaco narrow, almnt i ey«>, <I('Oi)ly conravc; a lilunt triiiii' iilup
ri<lg« abnvo cacli orliit, with a dooj* (Tohh fnnow bfhind it whirli dr. im-hs
to a j»il at Hit' vertex; nnclial ri(l>jt'H lowi-r than in N. o(tnlofandatiin. uii
with a coarse tnlinrch', lower and larger than in the otiior species. | loin
the nnchal depression, th(> base of tirst dorsal H])in»H rincH nindi Ichn
aWniptiy. Treopercle with 4 hlnnt prominences, tlie upper of'toii Ion;;,.,.
and more spine-lil<o. Month nearly horizontal, tho lower Jaw imlinicd;
a slender iihinient at end of maxillary; teeth Hmall, a few on vomer iiiul n
narrow band on ])alatinea. Oill membranes broadly united to istliniiiH,
the gill opening extending a little below the lower edge of p»( idml.
Skin covered with close-set villous priclxles, among which large om^ aio
fre(inently seen arranged in ratlier dehnite longitudinal series, of \vliir||
there nuiy be 2 or 3 parallel with the back, and 1 running near lower lino
if tail. No smooth areas on sides. Lateral lino conspicuous, the ]iliit(s
with short spines directed bR?1-'vaiu. Dorsals separate, the (iisi not
notched, eoniparativtdy low, the ilist spino highest, lij in li«'ad in tyji.; jn
other specimens H to l^V in head; soft dorsal and anal also low, "none oIiIh'
rays reaching base of caudal when depvessed; pectoral longer than head;
ventrals H to 2 in head. Coh»r, dull light olivaceous, mottled with dai kii ;
3 or I dark bands below soft dorsal, 1 below spinous dorsal; a black lininl
through eyes and across cheeks, extending (Uito branchiostegal membi:iii(s;
7 dusky s]>ot8 along lateral line, a conspicuous pink blotch, rather laiMr,.|
than pupil, between first and second blotch; first dorsal dusky; m ( dinl
diU'sal, anal, and pect«>ral (U)tted and checkctl; caudal with faint liiiily
checked cross lines which deepen to form a dark bar at its base and a
broader one toward its tip; ventrals pale; belly nn>ttled. Hering Sea.
One sp*>cimcn, (m-ui. long, from Albatross Station 3635, otf St. Ge(uge, Island,
in 23 fathoms. Another &>■ cimen barely iin inch long was dredged in 7
fathoms in the harbor .if Unalaska. Very numerous specimens wiic
obtained by the AVuit-.usH in 1890 in Hristol Hay and south of the Ala.-kan
Peninsula. It was at that time incorrectly identified by Dr. Gilbert with
N. ociilofasciatiis. In 5 specimens of those i'rom liristol Bay the dorsal (on-
tains VIII or IX. 23 or 24 rays, the anal 10 or 17, the pectoral 15 oi lli.
(prihiloriiis, from tlu^ Pribil(»f Islands, named fi»r their fliscoverer, Gcras.
Sim Pribilof, 1786.)

\anticlithyt oculofaseiatm, GtLliEHT, Ropt. TJ. S. Fish Cnmni. 1H03 (1890), -i:i4 ; not of ! in; \iin.
yautichthiit jiiihiluviuii, Jo'u<an &. GlLltEBT, Fi.>4he8 Heriuy; Stia, MS., 1898, off St. George
Island. (Type, No. 48237, U.S. Nat. AIus. Coll. Dr. Jordan.)

751. NAUTICHTHYS, Girard.

Nautiehthys, GlRARP, TI. S. Pac. R. R. Surv., x. Fishes, 74, 1858 (nculofmciatun).

Body rather elongate, compressed, but not elevated, the skin ^venly kiv-

• ored with short, clo8e-:.et, villiform prickles. Head short, strongly imu-

pressed, the cheeks subvertical; orbital ring much elevated above, witli

m

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2021

HOMrul hluiit protiibornnctm Ituhind; iiapo much tlcproHsvd, with tho Ihihu
(if iliu (loi'Hiil liii riHin^ ubruptly above it; mouth Hiiiall; tu«*th on Jiiwh,
vdimr, uiul piihitiiicH; preopiaclf witli Hiiuili, bliintiHli HpiiiuH iibitvu; ^ill
iiiniii)i'aii*m Iti'oadly iiiiittMl to tlio iHthmiia; a Hlit buiiiiid t'oiirtii \iS\\\ bruti-
,liiii>l«'j?al (5; lirHt dorsal I'ulcatu, th« HpiiioH very tloxibk>, tlio anterior
iiiiM'h ulovatiMl, irtich longer than head, tiir ptmtorinr rapidly Hiiorteiied;
Hfdiiid dorsal long and rather high; anal lin Himilar to second ibirsal, but
^liditer and lower; pectorals moderate; ventrals 1, :t, well developed,
ncMi'ly as long as head. Pacilie Coast. Small llshes, of singular a|)pear-
ame. (rrrtrz/f, sailor ; i^^ivi, tish; in allusion to the development ol' the
tliM dorsal tin.)

288». NALTK'IITIIYS (M I'LOFASt lATl'N ((llnir.l).

Head HI; depth 3!i. D. IX, 28; A. !!•; 1'. II; V. I, [{; scaUslt. M'lxil-
liiiv rea(diing to opposite pupil; eye very large, longer than snout; nasal
sjiiiies conspicuous, curved; maxillary and edgeol'preopercle with minute
cini ; orbit with a branched cirrus, as long as pupil; the narrow inler-
orliital space deeply channeled; supraocular ridge posteriorly with 3 blunt
tiiliorcles; 2 compressed tubercles on each shle oC tirst dorsal; a deep ]»it
at iia])e, oxteu<ling under origin «d' tirst dorsal; s])inous dorsal smooth;
rays of soft dorsal and caudal roughened with priekh's; dorsal spines
ufiiriy twice length of head; ventrals % length of head, a little shorter
tliMu caudal; pectorals long. (Jrayish abov*-; sides with dark marblings
.111(1 obscure dusky bands; a very conspicuous black band through eye and
across cheek; first <lorsal blackish; other fins barred with light .ind dark;
ventrals plain. Length 6 inches. Facitic Coast, Kadiak to Siiu Francisco,
chietly northward; not rare in Puget Sound; a most singular-looking tish.
{ocnhts, eye; fusciaUts, banded.)

UU'iisia* ociilii/atciatiis, Gikard. Troc. Ac Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1857, 202, Fort Steilacoom,
Washington. (Coll. Dr. Geo. Siicltley . Typo, No. 512, U. S. Xat. Mus.)

\iiiilirhlhliii ocvlo/aKciatita, GlRAUD, U. S. Pac. K. 11. Surv., x, Klsli., 74, 1«58; GCNTirKH, ('at.,
II, 1.57. 1800; Steindachnkk, Iclitli. Meitr., v, 130, will i>latf; .Iokdan \ Gilukkt, .Syn-
i)I>.sib, 727, 188J ; JORDAN &- Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1805, 810.

752. ULCA, .Ionian & Evermaun.
r/iK,.r()R0AN & Kvkrmaxn, Prof. (Jal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 227 {marvwrahis).

The genus is close to ncmiiriptcnis, from which it ditlers in its shorter
lirst dorsal of about 14 spines, the iirst 4 of which are not <liflerentiated,
tlif tin therefore not emargiuate. Alaska. ( t'/Ac, the Dauish-Korwegiau
Uiiiiio for all Cottidw.)

L'SOO. IILCA MAKMORATA (Biaii).

Head 211 ; depth 3ii. D. XIV, 12; A. 13; V. 1, 3; lateral line (tubes) 44.
Eye about as long as snout and ^ as long as head. Pectorals reaching to
the vertical through the anal origin; ventral scarcely longer than eye.
Gill membrane free from isthmus. Maxillary reaching beyond end of eye.
Fiitst dorsal base as long as head without snout, the lirst 4 spines less

■ -■'"-■■■- ■y^B' ••

1
'*•,

1/

if

St

ii

!! 1

2022 DiiUcdn 47, United States National Museum,

elfviiteil iiiid (UH'eieiitiiito<l than in nfmilHptcnia. SIiIoh dark ymy,
iiituiiiiiii^flud with wliitish rotltnlatioiiM. 'I'y|'« '2<i Inchi-s loiij;. Nnith
I'acilic and lleriiiK S«ia, in deep watur. (Uraii). Dr. (iilboit h<>i«-s
hIho: "Several Hrnall H|ieciii»'nM wiTc hcciimmI in lUnlnj,' Sou, to tin- imrth
<»f' rnulaska ImUuuI, <l«»ptliH 70 to I'Jl fatlior-iH. Thc.v a^ret' with tin.
typiHin luivinK hnt II <lorHul NpiiicH, tint lirHl t of which nie iiotnotirc .'il)lv
diD'ortintiattnl. The Nix'ond doisul contaiuH II or \'J ihvh, untl the an:il iln
l'.\, 'I'lio laHt -' rayH of the anal tin are approxiniati-d at Imiho, but itn not
evidfMtly tonntitutc a divhlod ray." (iiiHrmoruluH, niarblud.)

Ileiiiitriiilentii inanntirahiK, Kkan, Vrw. l". S. Nut. Mum. IMIIO, 4:1, off Sitkalidak Islnnil,
at Albatross Station 3855 in 69 fathoms; (iiUii:ttT, llt'itt. V. 8. FIhIi Coiniii l^u;|
(IHUO), 411).

.' CtiltiiK iult<i»ii$, ■' Pai.I.ah. Zooisr. Ronn.-AMJiit,, iir. 129, 1811, Cape of Kronok and mouth
of the Itscha ; after Stkm.kR; (Mvikb A. Valencikn.neb, IliHt. Nnt. I'oiHH., iv, 19(1. |m;>o,

753. HEMITRIPTERUS, Ciivior.
(Ska Kanknm.)

nemitriptenin, CrviKB, KtSxiio. Aniin., K«l. 1!, vol.'J, KI4, IS'.'O {aiiiericanvt).

Mody nioderiitcly olonj^atc, araleh-sH, Imt the wkin covered with iiricKlcs
aud bony protiiboranceH of varioiiH hI/oh and forni.s. |[(>a<l large, witli
niiniei'oiis bony hitnipH and rid|roHaiid lleshy Hlip.s above; orl>ital ritu tiiiuli
elevated, the iutcrorbital Hjtaee deeply eoncave; a depressed area at tlio
occiput, behind which iire 2 blunt spinoH on each side. Mouth very wiilo;
juwa, vomer, and palatineH with liroad bando of teeth; no Hlit behiiul last
K\U] Kill nienibriineH broadly united free from isthmus; preopen^le witii
Htottt, liluiit Npines; Huborbital staj very Htro;.;;, forming a Hhurp riilijc.
SpinotiH dorsal nitich longer than the soft part, of 1(> to 1^ spiiu-H, of wiiich
the lirHt 2 ate the liigheHt, and the fourth aud fifth uhorter than the suc-
ceeding ones, the lin thii8 deeply entarginate; jtectoral Iiu8 very broad,
much prociirrent; ventrals I, '.\. Large liHlies of singiilur appearance, in.
habiting the North Atlantic, tind Facilic. Dr. (iill makes of them a dis-
tinct family on account of the great length of the spiuoua dorsal and liu'
])eculiar development <»f the myodonie. The gentis is, however, rt'hited
to ISbpHidstiud y^anHcltlhyH, and the spinouM dorsal is as long in Joidtiina
as in UrmilriplrrHS, while the two genera stand as extremes in the Cottoid
group, {ijfit — , half ; r/je25, three; 7t re pur I'm.)

a. Dorsal Hpiiie about 16; the upper surfaeo of IuiikI inuderntoly uneven.

AMKRICANt'S, L';:!ll.

aa. DoFHal upincH 18; toj) of lioiul excessively uneven. cavifuons, i;;)!ti;.

* Some unknown Hsli allied to Flea marmorata is Cottus villo.su .t, Pallas. Size, fonii, iind
dinu'UHions of Oncocottus ifiia<lnconiig, the nanH^ intestines, but with a dLtiisTctMUIt)
smoke-like odor. Its skin is soft, loose, sand-colored, covercil witli villoslties like a vuKh
tongue. On the lateral line these prickles are stronjier and J of a line to a line in diiiint'-
ter. Ki{jht soft cutaneous tlai>s each :t lines long, and bifid or trilid, at eijual interviil- on
the lower jaw; bellv white, back varied and marked with brown. Cape of Kronidv idiil
mouth of the river Itsuka. Known uuly I'rum uotuti of IStoUer. (Pallas). (vUlotus, huh y.)

Joniau and liverniatiu. — lushes of North Amctiio. *J023

m\\\. IIKNITKirrKltl M AUKKiriMM (OtiK'lli)).

Cronok and mouth

I'dlHH., IV, IOC l.H'JU,

B(l with )»ri<kli's
(>a<l liirge, w itli
)rlutul rim inncli
Hsed uruii at ilif
oiitli very wiilii;
> slit liohiiiil last
j»ro<ni«;rclo witii
I wharp ridujc.
Hpiurs, of wliii li
er than th« suc-
UH very Ijioad,
ai)p<'arant('. in-
<if thoiii a ilis-
H (lormil an<l iIk'
iwexer, ri'latt'il
)iig in Jorilaiiia
t)8 in the Cotloid

(SKA ItAVKN.)

Ilnaa 2i; •■•'pth :<'j. 1>. IV. XII-I, 12; A. lit; hciiIom 40. Hotly viUonit,
tlio |M'i(kleN I iihirgcd anil tnlMTch^lilvo along harU an<l iattiral lino; naHal
>|iineH Htrong; HMiiiaoiiilar litlgo ninch «<lovali*il, with iloriiial lliipH and '2
Miiut Hpiin;s; W paii'H of Monhy HiipH on naHal hunos, und 2 on Hnpraociilur
ridgrn; Hniallcr cirri on maxillary, on (iruorliital, und Hovt^-al on lower
i;i\v; int'Toonlar Hpacn vury d«>o))ly coniMivu; 2 hlnnt occipital H|iinuN <mi
I ach Hide, outHidt^ of wliiuli are 2 or li otIiurH; ttperch* Hniail, with a hony
lidgo; ])rooper(de with 2 hlnnt HpinoH, helow which arc 1 or 2 otliern;
lower jaw Hlightly |irojccting; maxillary reaching hcyond eye, ahont J
lica<l; pu(;toralH nearly reaching anal; highest dornal Npiint 1;^ in length
lit' hctt<l, aH long as ciindal; ventralH reiiching halfway to amil. K'eddiHh
brown, niarlded with darker lirown, and much varieguletl; yellowiHli
below; liiiH variegated with light ami darU. Length H inchcH. Atlantie
roast of America, chielly northward, from New York to Labrador, not rare,
ciiuimon at Woods Itoh^ in October and Novemhei ; a moHt rennirkahle
looking tish.

,V()ri)(r/i« a»»/'n>n»ia (iMEUN, S.vHt.Niit, 12'.'0. 17H8, iil'ter "Diiiblc on n-ii|iitnd do Mer
d'Aui6ri(|a« " of da Iliiiai'l ilo MinicHiiii, IVrho, in, '.', u:i.

Ciitliinaendiii II, I'KSS AST, Arctic Zoiil., MI, :i71, Nova Scotia.

Cntliiiincailian, Wamiai'M, Artcdi I'inc,.,nit;i, 170J, Nova Scotia; Newfoundland.

r„t/,in liini'idiin. IlLocn \ SciINiaitKll, Syst. l(lilli.,ti;i, IHOl, New York.

I'oltiin trijilei-iiiiiuii, lii.ocn \ ScHNKniEii, Synt. Ichth., 0;t, 1«01, Nova Scotia; after pen-
nant.

Iliiiiitniitenin aineric(iniiii.<'vviKH&. \'ai.i:n(Iennes, lliHt.Niit. I'liisH., iv, 268, lH2lt; (JCn-
TiiKii, Cat., n, 14;), IHOO; .loKDAN \ (Juaiiarr, Syiioi>.HiM,flH.-., lH8;i.

Ilitnitriptifiin (icadiamm, Stobku, Hist. Finli. Mann., 35, 1H07.

atWi. IIK.WITKII'TKItllS (AVIKmtNS, Lix kin^'ton.

1). IV. XIV, 13; A. II; P. 20; V. 1, 3; scales 11. Very similar to Hani-
h ijilcriiH amcricanua, bnt with the npper surface of the head more nnoveii,
the concavity of the interociilar area more marked, and the (hnvsal lin with
more spines. Head eiinaling depth, al»oiit 'A\ in total length with candal.
Length 1<> inches. C'oast of Alaska, not common; perhaps not distinct
from the preceding, {carus, concave; J'ronn, forehead.)

llinntriiitvnit faoi/niim, LocKlNdTON, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1«H0, a;t;i, Kadiak Island,
Alaska. (Coll. W.J. Fisher.)

i!ven.

A.MERICANrS,'J:i'.H.
("AVIFUON8, ZiWl

laH. Size, form, and
r\tl\ a, di«afjrtc;ililo
llosltit'n like a ciilfs
to aliiu) in diiiinf-
it equal interviil-- mi
jape of Kronok :iiiil
j). (vUluiiua, haiiy.)

754. SYNCHIRUS, Hean.

SjiiiehiruB, Bean, Proc. U. .S. Nat. Mus., xn, 1889, 041 {ijilli).

Mody slender and moderately elongate, resembling that of Tr'ujlopa;
covered with thin, ttnigh skin. Lateral line armed with spinj' tnbercles.
spiny scales in a series along the dorsal base. Head snl)couical, with
moderately pointed .snont. Month small, very slightly obliqne; the rami
of the mandible a little concave beneath. Premaxillaries i»rotractile;

a*

I

e

'i

'202 1 liulli'tin /7. rniUd S(aUs Nuthml Museum,

JuwH with hIcikIoi-, villitbriii tetttli, in IxiiKlft; tcrtli uii votiirr mid |m|i|.
tiiiuH, l'Ht>iid<iliiaiirliiii< |irus)-iit. (iIIIh .Tf, no NJit Im'IiIiuI tlin liiNt ; / ;|
oponin^H will)', (t\ton<liii)f liltovo tli« iii«Mliiin lino, Mic ini«nil>riiiH> ('■<« Ilu,
till' iHtluiiiiH. Siiliorltitul coiiniM'ti'tl Ity a iioiiy Htiiy witli tli« itiiMtpcK ;< ,
wiiii'li linHiN 11 Htioii^ iiilld N]iinr at ilM iiii^jt;. 1'<m tni-iiJH itini|il*'trlv
iiiiittMl iiroiiiHl till) IniNtHt, tlu) MiiMMltriiucH tVfo nt \\w iiiiir^iii. \ (^nti.iU
ilisfaiit ri'iMu tlit^ f^ili opoiiiii^, tlio |uil»i<- lioiii^N lirin^ i'i'nitirl<til)iy ioni;,
tlio linH ili\<<i){inu wiiloiy, ami riniHiNtin^ of a iiitliintMitary Hpiiin iiiM :i
rnyH, DoihuI loiiju;, tlit^ spinoiiH portion low, witli sluniior spint-H, ami flic
Hot't portion twi<-i> aH lot!}; uh tin' HpiiionH. Anal lon^. Cinnlal nioilenui l\
uioiif^ntu, itN nii«l<ll<> ravH HunnnvUat |M-o<lm't>(l. Ocnital papilla oC iii:i|i'
r«'(!«-ivtnl in a pit in front of aual. I'ufitic. ((JtV, tu^<>tli«>r; x^Uh liaml.j

«»0!l. NYX lllltlN (JIIJ.I, ll<Mui.

Head :U; depth 5\; Hr. ti; l>. VIII to IX, lit to lil; A. I'O; V. I. \\\ \\ :".'.
Kyu al'ont uh Itni^ aH Hiiont, 1 in htmd. Maxillary i'xt«Midinf{ to alimit
hulow niiddh' of «>yo. 'I'ho intcrorhital .spaio not i|nit« <'i|nal to Umi^iIi uf
eye; a ]>air of Htronj; naHiil HpiiicH ; pi'«Mip(>i'<^li' with aHliort and vny slun |,
hitid B|iim'; lateral line witli abont 11 Hpiny tnlierclcH, and nnmt ol tlu'
Hpucinn>nH havo n Hiny^lc HerioH of Hpiny Hualcs along the dorHal iiiisc;
])e*'t<H jiIh m>ai'ly as lou); aH thr head, and extending; to ahont bt'low tiic
fourth ray of th(« Hoft dorsal; ventraln nt<arly nnder the middle of ilit<
pectorals, their Irnjfth varying /greatly; in some sprcinn-ns Htartelv '. ;i.s
lon^ an the In'ad; in othern as lon^ an poHtorldtal part of hi'ad. In souui
nnih'H tin* anal ])apillaiH \ asliui^ astho ventral tin of thr sann^ imli\ iilnal.
This papilla can )><> received into a ])it in front of the anal tin. Spjiiiiiis
«lorsal 1>('ginnin<; over axil of jjectoral, l*'n);th of its haae a little j^rratcr
than postorhital parti of head; none of its spiucH much lou^^er thiin t've;
ilistam-e of anal orij^in from head aliont jj len}j;th «>f liead. Ways of suft
dorsal and anal not much lonjrcr than dorsal s))int>H. Caudal alxiiit \
aH \a\\^ as head, itn middle rays Honiewhat the longOHt. Color in Kjtiiiis
pale yellowish brown; the Hides showinj; traces of Heveral small, pair
blotchcH, and tin caudal and pectoral with a few very small tlark Idotclics,
tboHe on th«> cautlnl forming interrupted bauds; across the back are faint
iudicatiouH of alumt 5 pale cross Imuds. Length '1 iiu-hes. ISanlay
Sound, liritish Columbia. (The species is dedicated to Dr. Thcodon' (till,
in appreciation of biH researches upon tlu) niail-chceked tishes.)

Synehirus ijilli, Ukan, Tror. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xn, 1889, 04:;, Barclay Sound, British Co-
lumbia. (Type, No. 41820. L'oXl. Albatrugs.)

755. ASCELICHTHVS, .Jordan iSr (Jilbert.
Ancdichlhi/n, JonnAN & (iu.iiKKT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 1880, 204 (Wi«(/()r««).

Body plump, fusiform, tapering backward, covered with loose smoolh
skin ; head broad, depros8«'d, its upper surface evenly and weakly convex ;
a hooked preopercnlar spine; no nasal spines; a supraorbital cirrus; ttctli
on Jaws, vomer, and i)alatineH; no slit Ijchind fourth gill; gill menibraiii'>s
broa<lly united, free from the isthniuH; sinuous dorsal low; the spines

if >

Jordan and JCvcunann. — Fishes of North .Inuriai. -OlT)

Hlitiulor, almost «'oiiconl«Ml In Mio iiH'inltriiiio; |M'r(oriiU ImoimI; xotitrnl flim
wiiiitiiiK- •'^iitall llMlittHiil' llio rock pouln uf thu Nuith I'uciUu. (('(-, |irivu
tiva; tSHtXoi, log; ix'i^if iIhIi.)

Willi. ANCKUniTIIVM ItllOIIORrN, .rnnlim dr. (Mlliert.

IliuuKi; (It-ptli r>. II. IX, 1*.); A. I'l; I'. It't. Iloud lo\v,rnun(l«'«t iiiih*riiii-ly ;
maxillary n'urhiiij; to posturior ItoriUfrof iiyr. No hciiIch, prickloM, or Imr-
IicIh unywhcn', uxcopt ii tViii){i!il lirriis ov*<r tlio uyo; pruopoit-lu with ii
Hhoi't, Hiiiiplt), Hti'ougly hooktxl NpiiiM; HpiiiuH (Unu-tutl tliiwiiwtinl and for-
wiinl on Hiiltopfndit ainl iiilt!i-u|MM'rlt'; lateral lin<' continiioiiH. UoiHal liim
iiiiint'cted Ity iiutniliruiK^, tlir NpinoH low, wraU, nearly iinil'itrni; Holt <lor-
Hiil iM'urly twictf UH lii^li an HpiiioiiH; ptuttoralH ahoiit i'(Mirliiii^ \nit. Dark
iilivai'uoiiit, HoiuftliiiUM with Hadtllo-liko palo hlutclitm; lipH nmy ; HpinoiiH
iloi'Hal diiNky, cd^oil in littt with brij^ht criniHon ; oth<r lioH iliiHky, cdgod
with palor, thr |)u<-toral Hli^htly harrutl, l^on^th ir> imhoH. I'atitUsCoaHt,
Sitka to Capr Mundociiio; vrry abniidant anions rucks iMstwurii tidr niarkH
at Nuuh Hay, thu only locality whuif nunibuiH of Mpi-cinienH havo bnii
I'oiiiid, ttnu of tli«' utOHt rciuarkablo of tlu- ColtUliv, {/J66ui', rouu; i)(jui,
margin.)

.[.sfflifhlhui rhodorun, JniiDAN ^ (iii.riKitT, I'roc. l*. S, Nut. Miih. 1880. 2tlt, Waadda Island,
Neah Bay, near Cape Flattery (Cull. Jurdiiii Ac. Uilburt); JoltUAN A^ 8TAUKU, rruc.
Cul. Ac. Svi.l8U0, 811,1)1.84.

British Co

756. PSYCHROLUTES, Giiuthor.

(Sl'lNKI.KSH SCULl'lNS.)

I'.^iifhrolutes, (fl^NTilEB, Cat., iii.Sltt, 18(11 (]><iradoxui).

iiody tadpole-shupud, ta])orin^ from the hoail to thu very Hloiuler tail,
covurud with very looHe, naked, movable skin. Head large, doitrcHHed,
Il;itti8h above; Huout obtiiNc, ronnded; interocular Hpaut* vt-ry broad, the
oiiilar ridges obsolete; mouth very large; mandibh- short, little cavern
oils, its forms broadly U-shaped; maxillary entirely uduatt^ to the skin of
tilt) preorbital; Jaws with bands of villiform teeth; no teeth (m vomer or
piilatines; no 8])ines or cirri about the head; suborbital stay narrow,
(iill membranes united to the isthmus; <;ills 3^, no slit behind the fourth.
Ilrauchiostegals 7. Fins connected; spinous dorsal of short, slender,
lloxible spines entirely embedded in the skin and not visible without dis-
Hcction as the spines do not ri.se above level of the mu.scles; soft dorsal
ishort, high, the rays close together, the total number 12 to 21; anul low,
of y rays; caudal separate; pectoral tins long, with a Itroad, prot-urreut
liase. Voutrals I, 3, close together, distinct, the inner edge adnutu to
the body. Small lishes, very closely allied to CoIIhucuIiih and MalaeocoUna
oil the one hand and to the JA}tarUlidn' on the other, their eharacters,
like those of the latter family, arising from degeneration of the Coltidai.
Thu extension of the lax skin over the spinous dorsal an«l the bones of
tliu head atl'ord the only tangible diagnostic character of the subfamily
3030 50

2026 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum,

\ \

^ 1 1

I'nnohrohiiinn: From tlie lAparidUUVf tlieir Hcparate ventrals (listinjiiii.sli
tluMii HiiiHciently. .Small shore lislieo of the North racific; only a sin- lc
Bpecies known. {tlwxiJoXovriiz, one who bathos in cold water.)

aaOft. I'SYt'llKOIil TKS IMUAIJOXUS, Giintluf.

Head 3ii ; dt'pth 4i, ('()ual to head without snout. D. IX, li. to 17, o.ly
12 rays seen without disscirtiou; A. 12 or lo; V. I, 3; brant hio8tcj;;i Is ;.
Head larfj;e, very broad, faitorinj; Ruddt'uly to caudal pt'duiiclo. Eye I , m
head, a littb' shorter than snout, a little h'ss than width of intt'roi l>it;il
spaci'. Maxillary I'xtcndinfi; to below middlr of eye. lutcrocular s|i:n()
Hat, not concave; jaws equal, the lower -- ^-shaped, its arch not narrowed
behind. Pectoral reach i 11 v; to slightly above orit^in of anal, 2ii in IkkIn ;
ventrals very small, A lenj;th head. Vent about midway between venuai
and anal origin, the second dorsal beginning nearly over tip of iiect(>r;il:
(irst dorsal entirely buried in the t.;:in, its short, stitbsh s|>ines to be roiind
only by dissection. Color light chocolate l)rowii above, with minut<' >•; nis
of dark; whitish below; a pale stripe from eye downwi;rd and forw.nil,
between 2 daik ones; body with 3 very irregular dark <ross Imnds.
the Uiird exti'uding on dorsal and anal, tlu^ first 2 largely coullucnt md
all AMsry irregular in form; an oblique dark band on base of caudnl. ;i
narr' w dark band behind it; pectoral with 2 or 3 cross bands; all li!i>,
except the ventral, with traces of bands. Length 2^ inches. A sjieci-
men, 50 mm long, takeu by the AUmiross off St. Paul Island, Hering S< m,
hi 1896, shows the following characters: Head 2;*; depth 3. D. IX, 15; A,
13; P. 19; eye 4 in head; width of mouth, from angle to angle, li ; snout
3it; intororbital 3,!. Body ; hort, broad, thick, tadpole shape, the textiiic
soft like thill of a Liparid, especially about the head; the skin is liiiip
and smooth, covered with little soft dermal warts, that of head espec i.illy
lax, the cheeks tunud and translucent. Ni trace of spines on head, ilir
bones all thin and weak; nostrils each in a short tube; mouth biM.id,
its cleft chielly anterior, the jaws equal; t»'eth very minute, none on voiiiir
or palatines; lower jaw with 8 large ojieu pores. Gill menibranos
broadly united to the isthmus, the gill opening extending to sliglilly
below base of lu'ctoral. Lateral line obsolete. Dorsals united, willi a
slight notch between, the first buried in a ridge of skin so that its drli-
cate. spines can not be counted from without; second dorsal low, siniilav
to anal, both of thcDi free from the caudal; lower pectoral rays ind-
gressivoly shortened, the buigest li^ in head; Aentrals moderate, 1, :>,
reaching vent, 2^ in head; laudal rounded. Color creamy white, wiili
blackish cross bands, irregular in form and broken by whitish pattlK s;
5 bbick spots on bwer jaw; top of head blai-kish; a narrow bbttcli at
shoulder; a wider one across iirst dorsal; a b'oad one on second di>i>,il
abruptly broadened on body, then narrowed, extending across anal; an
irregular bar at base of caudal; a narrow bar and some spots and strciik^
on the fin; pectoral with 2 curved bars, the inner concave, the oiilir
convex backward, the two inclosing a rounded pinkish or de<'p oraimf
area. Alaslr-i to Puget Sound, rather common in water of moderate depth ;
a remarkable little lish, evidently a degraded Cottoid. Here describ' d

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Amaica, 2027

i 1(1111 spocimons from Unalaska. ThisHpccles is taken abiiiulaiitly in shiil-
iiiw water about Kadiak Hoiitli of the Ala.skaii I'euinsula, thence weatwaril
iliruitgh llniinuk I'asH, alonjr tlie nortliurn uhure of IJualaska Ishiml to thn
Kuril lulandH, and the rribiluf Islauds and in Miistoi Kay. Tiie (U-pths
iMUue I'runj 158 to 121 iatlmuis. (^nafidfioc.i)^, UMaecouutalde. )

iKiivliivliiteiipafadoxtui,* (U''NTni;ii, Cat., ui, "ilG, IKtil, Gulf of Georgia, Vancouver Island

(Coll. II. M.S. i'^<mK'').- •loui).\N \-. (iU.liKliT S.viiopHJH, 087, 1883.
I'xjichridutes zfhra, IJiiAiN, Vrw. U. S. Nat. Miis. 181)0, 43, Aleutian Islands, between Unga

and Nagai Islands, at Albatross Statio.: 2848,55' lo' N., 160 ' 18' W., in no fathoms;

.louuAN & Stakks, rroc. C'al, Ac. !Sci. 189&, 811, pi. 80; GiLUEur, llept. U. S. Fish Coium.

1893 (1890), 4 10.

757. GILBERTINA, Jordan Sc Starks.

(lilbertina, Jordan \- Si'AKK.s, I'hh'. Cat. Ac. .Sci. 18!).">, 810 (tiijoliitex).

This jneuuH ditler.s fmni rxyehrolutrg <]\'u'i\y iii tho louj? eontiniiou.s dorsal
iiiid anal, the tbruier havinjr 24 lays, the latter II. Anterior rays ol" 8[)i-
II. Ills dorsal not hound down by .^^kin t»f the body, the lir.st apparent ray
l)eing nearly above j^ill ojieninj?. ykull extremely Hott and eavernouH, tho
ionjf obli(|ue lower .jaw e.s|)eeially so. (Named for l)i'. Charhss Henry Gil-
litrt, "who has C(mtributed more than anyone else to our knowledge of
t!ie lishcs of the N()rth Paeilic")

'I'lio for.owiiig is the original description of J'giirli ntlutes paradoxut, Oiintlior:
'■ Brauchioategal.s 7; 1). !) : A.9;C.12; V. 2. Ilcail lan;c, mil (|uitc su higli a.s hroad. its
li'iiiitli lieiiifj f of tlio total. The Hnoiit is obtuse, alt lioiiuli cniisiilcrablv longer I liaii t ho eye,
ii:unilf(l, with the iipiicr protilo steeper than the lower. Tliocleft of tho iiioutli isohli(|iie.
Ill iiioderate width with the .jaws t'ljual anteriorly; a narrow band of niiiiiite teeth in tho
j.nvs; the palate appears to bo suioolh. Tho maxillary, which is widened at its i)()sterior
(•\lreinity, extends to below th(! middle of tla^ eye. The nostril is situated very near to
the extremity ot the snout, and provided with a very short tentacle. 'IMie I'yo is imnie-
li'iitely below the iippei prolile; its diameter is about 1 of the length of tho head, } of that
111 the snout, and neurly Aof tho width of tho interorbilal si>ace. The inlra(irl)ital emits
;i slender process across the cheek, which, however, does not reach to the" preoperciilar
margin. None of the opercles aro armed ; the o))erculiim alone is |)rodiiced into a llexible
,-liort |)osterior jirocess; tho gill opening commences above that jirocess, and is not contin-
11. HIS witli that of the other side, the gill menihranes being attached to the isthmus. The
lirancliiostegals aro exceedingly slender, 7 in number. Tho luMly is subcyliiidrical ante-
riorly and compressed posteriorly; its greatest tleptli. behind the head, is ^ of tlie total
lingth; the skin is perfectly smooth aii<l rather loose. The pectoral is |>ointed. the upper
iiiys being the longest and extending ne;irly to the dorsal; tlio veiitrals rather short, chi.se
(iiuethcr, situated below the niidtUc of the bas<( of the jiectoral, and cumposed of 2 rays,
I lie inner of whil'h ia bitid. Dorsal and anal tins opposite each other, situated far back-
ward on the tail, terminating at some distanct? from the caudal, and nearly entirely en-
Mloi)ed in skin, ('aiiilal slightly rounded, of iiioderati' length. The vent is situated
;iliout midway between the root of the V(>ntral and the origin of the an;il. The upper
|i:irts are brownish gray, minutely dotted with black, and witii 2 very largo deep brown
lihitchea of irregular slice. The caudal aud pectoral tins are dotted and sjtot ted with black.

Lines.

Total length 21

Length ot head 0

Hcighthof the body 4

■' This fish resembles in its general habit somewliat the genius Li2>nfis. (iiilf of
• li'orgia ( Vancou\ ev Island), voyage of II. M. S. I'lu mpcr.'"

Dr.'Iioulenger says, October 24, "1895: " I have examined tho type of Psyrhrnliiteii para-
d'lXiiH. 1 (!ount 12 soft rays, tho anterior embedded in the thick skin, so that Dr. (iiintlier's
slatement is to be a(5coiiiited for. Hut there are no spines." Liiter Ur. 15oiilengcr writes
Mslhat hehascomp ed Dr. < iiintlier's tyjie with the ligiire of I'gyehroliitrnzi>.hfa^Y\i\\\\s\wA
l)y .Tordan iV Starks, and tiiids that it agrees fully witli the latter. There ia, therefore,
little doubt that the .species zvbra is identical with puraduxtis.

2028 Bullctbi /7, United States National Afusenni,

'2»»<l. (JI.KKItTI.XA SKiOl.rTKS, Joriliiii \ Slark.s.
lljuul 3; depth t. 1). VIII, IH; A. II; ryt- U in lioiul; iiitcroil)it;i|
2i; maxillary 21] vcnlralH 2; poctorals 1; (^jiiHlal 2^^; Ituso of didsiil i
in l«'ii<|;th of body ; buwi) of uiiul ',). Hody riithcr Blonder, rolxist imi,!,.
oily, coiiipressed poHtenoily, the greatest breadth and depth at. !shoiil(|« r,,
lload !iiiji;e, the iiapo slightly pro<lneed; mouth largo and broadly roiiiid. i|,
obli(|iie, the jaws about oi|ual, luaxillary extending to posterior maiLMi,
of oyo, its ond bnrit^d under the 8kin of the ehoek ; eyes ]>lace(l high, ilic
interorbital npaco very wicb; aiidHJightly eoiivex, its width about 1.1 lin !■,
thai of theoye; tho posterior ond of mandible very itroniinent, iiianililK
n-8hjtped, itH rami approaehing each other jtosteriorly ; bonos of in ,,1
cavernous, largely nuidt^ up of eartilage, the mandible especially so; an
terior end of preorbital foiniing a blunt spine over mouth; procews of
premaxillary prominent; a couple ol" blunt projections behind each ( , ;
upper part of shoulder girdle projecting, forndng a blunt spine on najic
al>ov(* gill slit, a row of iaige pores around suborbital ring, and alini;;
under part of inandil>le no opercular spines. Head and body covi ii<|
with a very loose, naked, movalde skin. Dorsal liu continuous, no notrh
between spines aud soft rays, the sjiines very slender, the lirst one insei'd
ovei end of opercular tlap; <lorsal spines covered by skin, but even tin
lirst visible without dissettion as they rise above the general iuteguiiH nt
of body, the last reaching to base of caudal fin; anal lower than doi> il,
its origin midway between base of caudal lin and posterior margin (]|
eye, ending at al)oiit the same vertical that dorsal does, but not reaching
so far; ]tectoials long and slender, reaciiing jtast front of anal and nvti
halfway between their bases and base of caudal tin, adiiate to tlic
body for the anterior third or fourth of their length; ventrals long, imi
quite reaching to vent, aduate to the body for ^ their length; caudal
tin rounded. Color, light olivaceous; body and head with innuuieiahli
«lai'k jioints, giving the fish a dusky apjtearance; large dark blotch across
body at the ])osterior ends of dorsal and anal, a similar s])ot under pec-
toral; head nuiforni dusky, lighter below; belly white; middle of pectoral
dark ; dorsals dark ; lowei (ins white, rugel Sound; knownfroni a sin^il^•
small specimen li inches in iougth. (d/^//, (juiet; AotT?/?, bather.)

(iilbirlimi sUjolutes* Johdan it Stakks, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 811, pi. 80, Point Orchard,
near Seattle. (Tyiui, Xo. ;H2l>, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Mu.4. Coll. Kihvin C. Starks.)

!NoTE. — Uciuolely allied to tlic Cuttidic is the Old World luniily I'latiiccphiiliihr. {•liiii:ic
toriziul by the jjruatly deprosned head aud body. Its priucipal ^uuuii is cliaracturizoil j«
Ibllows :

PLATYCEPHALUS, IJlodi .V Schucidor.

I'lnti/cephalio, Bl.oeu A: S(llNEn)KK, Syst. Ichtli., 58, 1801 {Kcabc >■) .

lload broad, very depressed, more or less uriiied witli spiiit^s; body deprossed anteriorly,
subeylindrieal posteriorly, covered with ctenoid scales. Lateral line i>reMeiit. Two dui.
sal lins, the llrsl spine isolated I'roiii the others. X'eiitrals thoracic, but rather renidii-
from the root of the jiectorals; no pectoral appendages. Jaws, vomer, and ]ialatiue boin n
with bands of villit'orm teeth. Air bladtli'r none; i»yloric, a|)])enda;r,.H in moderate num
bers. Polynesia and the Australian seas, through all the Indian seas to the eastern cd.i^l
of .Vfrica. ((liintlier.) Two sjjecies of this nenus have been <lescribed from Aineri(:iii
waters, in both ca.ses ap))areutly by error, as no American ichthyologist bus found aii\
Bpeciniens of either. (.nXaTvi, broad; Ke(l>a\rj, head.)

'ilispriuted viyalutei in the origual description.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2029

iiitoi'or))ii;il
if dorsal 1?
lUst iiulcri-
\> (slioiilili r>.
ly nmiuii il,
riot niaiLMii
Dtl hi^'li, lilt'
imt 1.1 tiiiif,
it, niaiiililili'
lies of lit .,il
iuUy so; ihi
j pi'oeus.s ol
1(1 each o,\ i ;
>im3 on ii;i]it!
;•, anil aitnii;
<nly COM 111!
ms, no Mtiliji
, t)nc inHi'r'"il
but even I in
1 iutegnnit lit
than doi> il.
or niiiru,in tif
not reathiiiu
nal and ovti
^nate to tlif
ils lonj;, iml
H'th; cauil;il
innnuieial)li'
dolrh a( Ttiss
t under pec
eofpootoial
from a sinulf
athcr.)

Point Orchard,
irkrt.)

ihdliihr. cliiinii--
haniclcii/.i'tl as

psBod aiitfriorlv
Hfiit. Twodiii-
it ratluT rfiiiiiif
(I (lalatiue litnu n
II iiioileratc mini
ho eastern ••i>ii>t
I from Aiiierii :in
t buH fuuiul aii>

T!io following are Hie spocies in i|UCHtion :
liiiliici-phalusaiiUncttiuiH, SaI'VAOK, Noiiv. Arflilv. Mas., 148, pi. 14, fl(j.3, 187S, Potomac
River.

'I'IiIh specimen, of course, never came from tlie Potomac Itivor. 'I'lie following is llio
siilistaiice of Saiiva}:e's ilescripiion : Head nearly l!.J : widtli of liead nearly '1 in its leiiKlli.
>'() HpiiicH at end id' snout ; a stroiij; spine before eye; liin ol orliil armed w itii spines
ilirccleil liadiward, those in front Hiiiallor; ridycs of vcrle\ Hllnlitly prominent, witli few
. pines; clieek witli 4 or ."> strong siiines; edge (d operde soft ; jircoperclo witli 'J spines,
tilt' iip]ier a little the longer, a lion t half npace lietween it and eye; maxilliiry reach I n^ niiil-
.ili'of eye; snout 2 in eye ; lateral line spiny throughout its \n hole length : seciuid dorsal
|iine shorter than third, as long mh maxillary. VoiitraLs inserted fai' from anal ; pectoral
:: little sliorter than snout and ey<>. Itoily reddish, ileo]) red at caudal peilnnclo; second
iliirsal and iinal vvitli '1 oltlii|ue liandn ol' yellowisli ; ]>ectoral u itii Hiinilar hand.
I'Uitin-i-i'haliiH iDKjiistii.i, STElNliArnNKH, Sitzghcr, Akad. Wiss, Wicii 1800, 2i:i, taf. 1, lig. I.
Surinam.
I'liis Hpecimeii may not liavi> come from Surinam. The following is the siihstanco ot
Slciiiihu'lincr's dest rijition : Head :tA; breadth of hcjid I!, in its length. I». I \'III,i;i;
A.l.'t; scales 108. I'lyo 7. somewhat greater than breadth <d' forehead. Caudal with 3
il.i'p, blackish-brown, lengthwiao stript.'s; body with small spots ami some larger light-
hiown s])ots; 3 brown cross liaiids on posterior half of body. Numerous litth^ raised
I iilges on ]ireorbitcil rim, and u short spine; no tentach^s; 'J spines on |irt'0])crcle, the
liiwer 3 eye. (Jreatcst height of tirst dornal i of second or {\, of head. Caudal rounded.

Family CLXXX. KlIAMrilOCOTTIDvi:.

llody short, olovatod. lli-ad very lar}!;o, its <;roatest di'ptli "loati'r th.-in
tiiat of tho body; skull with 2 Htroii;; bony ridj^cs from above the fnmt of
Die eye, continuous with 2 larjije occipital lidoes, jcavinj.' tlio intciorliital
s|>ac(^ and niiddlo line of the top of the head Htrono;ly cmicave; snout
slender, narrow, and abruptly protrudiu};; month very narrow, fl-sliaped,
its^ape longer than wide; teeth villilbrin, none on the vomer or pala-
tines; g,ill openinj;' contined to the region above tlie bane of the pectorals,
the nienibranes bidow completely united to the shotilder girdle and isth-
iuiih; apparently no slit behind last gill; a t, st' ..ht, preopercular

s])iiie; nasal spines jiresent; no other spiin ^ail. Skin everywhere

•111 head and body (inn, immovablo, densely covered with stilf, bifid or
trilid spinous prickles; spinous dorsal very small; pect'/.al with pro-
current base. North Pacific; !i single species known; it small shore ' jh.
flie following .'iccoiint of the skeleton of Jthamplincotliis is given by Mr.
Stalks: The jiosterior end of the proiiiinent ridge, which runs backw.-ird
iVoiii the superior orbital rim n each siile, is formed by the e]>iotic pro-
ci'ss. It ends in tlie form of a long "occipital spine;'' almost directly
iiiiiler it is the slmrt parotic ])rocess. The i>ost-teniporal isshort, wide, and
llat; its upper ei 1 is attached to the inner side of tlie epiotic spine, and
for the whole leiij:tli of its anterior edge, to the skull between the epiotic
and parotic process s. From its lower inner surface it sends a wide, thin
liiine, which is lirnny fastened to the base of the skull. It betirs a baek-
w,ird pro,j(!cting s))iue on its lower end, inside of which the snpraclaviclo
is attached. Actinosts l.-irgc, wide and thin, without an opetiing between
lliem. Subopercle absent; iireopeicle large, sending a spine backward;
i>liercle tritingular on its lower inner angle; the iutero])ercle is developed
and strongly coossitied with it; it sends a slender process forward under
tiie preo])er<le; a projecticm downward from the i>osterior end of the
.irticular; suborbital wide, thin, and concavo-convex, its convex surface
outward. Skull without basal chamber; vertebra' 10 + H-

m'

III

1

hi I

■/<

iO.'JO Bulletin ./7, Unilcd States National Museum.

758. RHAMPHOCOTTUS, (Jiinther.

h'hampluieolhit ( liiiiilici-, Ann. Mn^'. Nut. IliHt.. xiv, 1874, :i70 (richardiioni).
Cliiiriicters of tlio jj»>1"in incliided abovo. (/j«/<0o5, Hiiuiit; Cottva.)

'J»07. KII.VMIMKXOTTI S l(I< II.VKDSOM, (iiintlier.

Head 2; (lt'i>tli 2. D. VII, 13; A. H; I'. II; orbit G in head; maxillaiv
t ; snout. ,1; lii<>licst doiHiil s]tino (4 ; dorsal ray I ; anal ray 1; pectoral 2', ;
v«>ntral 2; t-aiidal 'A; sertcbrir 10-f IJ; 24. Hody shoit. comprcHspd, tin-
l)a(k «d<nat<'»l, its }»ic{it('st depth Just in front of spinous dorsal. Ilciid
hnjje, as Ion;; as rest of body; snout lonjj cand narrow; mouth U-shajicd.
its j;ape lonjicr tlian w ido; lips thick, their surface broken uj) intopapili,i :
maxillary reachiujj the nasal s])ine; lower jaw included; tcoth in vilii-
forni bands on Jaws and vomer, none on ])alatinos; eye placed hi^h. its
diameter contained twi(;e in the snout, 1\ in the intororbital; a branciied
dornuil llap, as lonj^ as pupil, at tip of snout; head with 2 large bony
ridges above, continuous with the orbital rim and ending in strong blunt
H)iine8 at occii>ut ; head deeply conclave between these ridges; nasal spine
sliar]) and rc<"urved; a pair of strong s]»inc8 over the eyes; a sharj) spine
just above operde, a blunt one on operde below llap, and a long sharp one
at angle of preoperde, a low bony ri<lge leading to each of these sjjines; a
long sharp spine on clavicle just behiinl gill o])ening; a blunt bony knob
at posterior end of mandibles; gill oi»enings extending upward from
npjter pectoral ray, their length tM|ual t(» snout. Kntiro head and body
covered with nniltipointed spines, those on head nnich smaller than the
ones on sides, a few simple s])iues along ce|dialic ridges; the first dorsal
siune eov(;re<l with s])ines, and each dorsal ray with a row on its side; ,1
few spines on the base of the pectoral and anal rays. Dorsal spines very
weak, tittiug in a groove in back ; soft dorsal higher than spiutms, the tips
of the rays reaching b;ise of cauilal tin; anal short, few-rayed, reaching
slightly beyond soft dorsal; pectorals pointed, their lower rays entirely
free, reaching about to base of third anal ray; ventrals reaching to ends
of pectorals, their origin behind lower part of pectoral base a distance
e(iual to length of snout; caudal rminded )>ehind. Body creamy yellow,
with conspicuous irregular dark stripes, edged with black, rnnniuu
obli(|uely across tlie body; similar stripes radiating from eye in all
directions, 1 to cud of snout, a triangular 1 downward, 1 running
backwai'd and downward to middle of preopercle, then turning upward
and running nearly to occipital 8])iue, 2 or 3 short ones above, each ol
these involving the membrane of eye; 2 or 3 black-bonlered dark spots
on edge of oi)eicIe; a light yellow streak surrounded by black across
caudal peduncle, behind which all is blight cherry red to the end of cau-
dal tin ; 2 similar spots on ba.se of pectoral ; top of head crossed with wav,\
bliick-edged dark bars; to)) of lower jaw black, a line of black spots run-
ning along under parts of mandible; lins all bright red, each ray of dorsal
with a sliar]) black spot at its base, a few .spots on donsal spines; anal,
pectorals, and ventrals dark at base. Here described from a specimen 3

X-**^

t.

Jordan and F.vcrniann. — Fishes of North America. 2031

C'o«irfl.)

(1; itiaxillftiy
l>e<t(>ial 2 ' ;

OI'Nill. Ilt'llll

th U-shajx'il.

intopapill.c;

Dotli ill villi-

(■o<l Iiiyli. its

; a Itraiirlu'd

2 large bony

stronjif Itliiiit

; nasal spiiio

•\ sharp Hpino

tiiiTHliarp Olio

ose H])iiH'8; a

it bony kiioli

upward from

ad and l)od\

ler than tlic

c first dors;i !

n its side; .i

1 spines very

ions, the tips

ed, reaehiii;;

ays entirely

liiijl to ends

e a distanci'

amy yellow,

•k, rnniiiiij:

eye in all

1 rnnniiifi

ling npwaid

ove, each ot

d dark spots

)lack acrosH

end of cait-

1 with wavy

k spots rnn-

•ay of dorsal

pines; anal,

I specimen 3

inches in length, collected in a rock pool on Channel Uocks, near Point
Orchard, Tnget Sound, l>y Miss Adclla M. I'arker, of Seattle. North
I'aeilic, from Sitka to Monterey; scarce, hut not infre(iuont in I'nget
Sound, at about 2 to 10 fathoms; a most singular fish. (Named for John
Richardson, naturalist and explorer.)

li'li(tm]>hncottuxriehardsoni, (JOntheh, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1874, 370, Fort Rupert,
Vancouver Island, British America; Mean, Troc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1H«1, 2.V.': .rnuoAN
ifc GiLBEUT, Synopsis, 722, 1S83 ; .roHDAN & Stakks, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 8i;i, pi. 87.

Family CLXXXI. AfJONID.E."

(The Ska. I'oachkkh.)

Hody angular, commonly S-angled, <ho caudal peduncle 0-angled, cov-
ered with 8 to 12 longitudinal rows of imbricated, radially striated plates,
the anterior edge <d' each plate overlying the posterior edge of the iilate
next in front of it; plates spinous or not. Teeth small, oven, in villiform
hands on .jaws, and in most species on vomer and palatines, sometimes
wlndly obsolete; gills I^i, no slit behind the last; pseudobi-anchiu' large,
extending <lown the inner side of opcrcle; gill rakers small; gill niem-
hrancs united, free, or Joined to isthmus; ventral fins thoracic, narrow,
their rays I, 2; vent usually close bcliind ventrals; spincms tlorsal large,
small, or absent; anal without spines; caudal rounded, about 'S times as
long as wide at base, witli 10 to 12 long rays; base of pectorals usually
broad, the l<)wcr rays sometimes produced; all r.ays of all (ins simple;
liranchiostegal rays (i; myodonie (tube of rtcH muscles) with membra-
naceous roof ; basisphenoid ab.sent; post-temporal not bifurcate, continu-
ously articulated with epitdic and ptcrotic; pyloric cft-ca few, about 4 to 7;
vertebra' numerous, 35 to ,50. Fishes of the cold seas, living among rocks
or kelp, most of them of small size and fantastic form, not valuable as
food. Genera 20; species about 40. The species are extremely varied, and
must be placed in very many genera, or else reduced to a single one in each
sub-family. The plates vary somewhat in number in all parts of the body
in most if not all of the species, although not to the same extent in all t!ie
genera. Even the pattern on the lireast, which is delinite for the species
of all the genc^ra except Ifippoccphahm, varies in the dilleient individuals
(d" the same species, so that it is probable that even where no variations
are indicated by the numbers given in the following descriptions they
would be found by comparing large numbers of individuals. The plates
in the dorsal series vary from 1 to 3 in number in most species; they cor-
respond closely with the number of vertebra-, there being usually 1 or 2
fewer of the former than of the latter. It seems probable that the vertebrie
v.iiy a little in number within the species, au«l the rings of plates cor-
rcspcmd in number with them at least throughout most of the length of
the body. There is no definite proof, though the balance of evidence
seems to indicate, that the superior lateral series of plates in Aspidopho-
roidvs, bearing the lateral lino, corresi)ond8 with the median lateral series

' The account ot llm Affonido' i» contribiiffd by Mr. Kraiik ('raiiier, a grailuato student
ill Lolaiid Ktaiitbrd Jr. 'University, souie additions having been made by Jordan &
Kveriiiauu.

j'f I

2032 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

of platoH of AgoniiH, ot<*. In tho following doscriptioDH of npecies, when
tho tliiimoter of tlio «\vt' is not spccifiod, tho lon^itmliiml diaiiioter is iitoant .
Tlie I'liys of the (iiisariso rcguhirly iu the iiitorvnls between the HncccHsivc
pairs of phites nltuinutin^ with them, and tlio membrane behind tho laisi
spine of tho first dorsal fin ends at variable distances from the base of tlw
spine; hence in giving the nnmbor of plates between the dorsals, tho nuin
ber between tho last si)ino and tho first ray is meant, unless otherwis>'
stated. "Length of body," as the standard of measnrement, means tlir
length from tip of preniaxilhiry to base of caudal, unless "total length"
is mentioned. The rostral spines, whether 1 or 2 pairs, belong to the nasal
bones, and are properly "nasal spines" in the species in which there is no
free terminal plate. The latter, with its spines, may be the freed anterior
])art of tho nasal bones. The hypural bone is included in the number ol
vertebrie, ami these were counted in nearly all cases in oiiiy 1 individual.
The young of several species have been described, some of them in detail,
and HO far as known they all ditfer from tho adults in tho same way. Thi>
spines an<l ridges are more prominent; tho body is relatively shorter, its
anterior end abruptly broader, forming with the head a more or loss defi-
nite rhombic figure; the tail is more compressed; tho head is broader, tint
snout more blunt, and the lower jaw relatively longcir; the vent lies far-
ther back from the base of the ventral fins, and there are usually pairs of
small plates between them; the dorsal and ventral series of plates on the
tail, which are single in the adults of nearly all tho Hpecies, are double in
the young, or at least have the double row of serrations. Nearly all tlie
species are found within the limits assigned to this work. The few not so
found are included, for completeness' sake, in footnotes. (F. C.)

a. Spinous dorsal present.

b. Cill niembrancH free from the istlimus.
PKnciDiN.a<; :
c. 15o(ly compressed; lower Jaw not projecting; plates of Iwdy spinous; tlrst
dorsnl nt nape.
d. Body elongate ; dorsals well separated.

e. Teeth on vomer; no occipital B))inos or harbel on snout.

Pehcis, 7.59.
ee. No' teeth on vomer ; snout with a long barbel; occipital spines ])resent.

A0ONOMAI.U8, 760.
dd. Body short and high ; dorsiils close togetlior ; vomer without tcotli ;
occipital spines present ; lower rays of pectorals free.

HvPSAOONf'.S, 701

BRArnYopsiN.^ :
ce. riody more or loss depressed; lower j.iw projecting; plates of body spinous
or not; first dorsal behind nape.
/. Chin without terminal barbel.

g. Snout short (not produced in form of a tube) ; plates of body spinous.
h. Bones of snout short, not forming a tubular nose.

t. Vomer and palatines without teeth; breast simply prickly.

Steli.ebina, 76:;.

if. Vomer and palatines with some teeth ; breast with large

plates. OccA, 76:i.

hh. Bones of snout produced into a long tube which hears the short

jaws at the end ; body rather robust, the plates with spines.

Bbachvop.sis, 764.

Jordan and livcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2033

y spinous; first

of body spinous

/• A lonf; biirlirl nt tip ol'rliiii; hiioiiI long (prmlucod into form of n tiilio,
iiH in Si/nijnathid(f) ; bmly snbtoi'nte, very slimdur, its ]iliitoH not

spillDUH. PALLA8INA, 705.

AdONIN^l'::

hh. Kill nll'nl))1'nn(^8 Joined to iHtlimiiH, with or without ii narrow i'reo fold boliind.

j. Tip of snout without froo niudinn |ilati< or spino; numtli infi<rior, lowi-r Jaw

short.

k. ViiMicr without tooth.

{. LowiT sidtt of snout with no bnrlx-ls; ono pair of s)iint's on tip of

snout. LKi'TAdO.Nis, 700.

{{. Lowor sitlit of snout with ImrlH^ls.

• m. (fill nicuihriini'S without barbels; a ]mir of conipli'x barbels

under tip iif snout; I pair horizontal and 1 pair rt'Ciirvod

spines at tip of snout. Lower.jaw verywoak; tootli foohio,

soniutinios wnntinji;; plates of bmly mostly with 8]iiuos.

PoDOTHKcrs, 707.
mm. Gill mcmitranes witb scattered barbels.

71. Plates of body without prominent spines; noprcoeular

spines. AdONUS, 708.

nn. Plates of body largely spinous; a pair of preocular

spines. Stelqis, 709.

itit. Vomer and, often, )>alatines with toetli.

o. Dorsal tins rathor long, tho rays shortened bebind, tbo last ono
attachedby membrane to the body; no large life-like spino aliovo
eye.
}>. Plates on body largely spinous ; gill membranes with eirri, 1
or more on each brancbiostegal; teeth on ]ialatines; lower
jaw short beneath the long snout.* Averruncus, 770.

pp. Plates on body largi>ly unarmed; no teeth on palatines; gill
membranes witlunit cirri. Sarhitok, 771.

00. Dorsal tins rather short, the rays scarcely siiortened behind, the
last ono not adnato by membrane behind ; a largo knife-like spin<'
over each eye; ])lates on body largc^ly spinous; no cirri on gill
membranes. Xy.stes, 772.

jj. Tip of snout with a free terminal plate or spine; teeth on Jaws, vomer, and
palatines.
</. Occiput without distinct pit; 2 pairs of occipital s]>ino8: dorsal aiul anal
well developed.
r. Lower Jaw strongly projecting; lower pectoral rays not much pro-
duced; terminal rostral plate with 3 spines. IUthvaoonts, 773.
rr. Lower Jaw not projecting; lower rays of jiectorals much produced
in adults; anal tin short, of 0 or 8 rays. Xenociiirus, 774.

qq. Occiput with a deep pit; occipital spines none, or reduced to mere
traces ; dorsal and anal verj- short.
«. IJody slender, elongate; tail not compressed. Odontopyxis, 775-
M. liody short and broad in front; tail cinnpressed teoth.

BOTHRAOONU.S, 776.
.\SPIDOrHOnOIDIN/T: :

na. Spinous dorsal ab.sent; body not compressed, its plates not spinous; mouth small,
terminal; gill membranes free from the isthmus. Asi'IDOIMIOUOiues, 777.

^.

759. PERCIS.t Scopoli.

Ppveis, Scopou, Int. Hist. Nat., 454, 1777 (jaj^onietit) .

Ifippocephalus, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, etc., 11, 272, 1839 {mj^ereilinsus).

* .Taws subequal in AfionopsiK, a South American genus very cb>sp to Awrruiirus).
t Dr. Gill has called our attention to the identity of I'ercis with Jlijipocephalus.

n '

2034 IhiUdiu /7, United Shxtes National Museum.

I5()(ly inndtTiitoly eloii^jiitr, comprcHwd tlin)ii|y;1iout; hack olovatoil !>.•.
Iiind iiiipo; 2 rowH of Htiong, ciirvrd spines iiloiij; whole l««ni;th of oiu 'i
Hide (spiiioH «»f tho othor HerioH Hmiiller); first (hti'sai fin lie^innin^ hehinil
napo; iIoihuIs farupart; anal tin lonj?. Vent far haek from Itaso of ven-
trais. Mead narrow anteriorly, ahrnptly hroaderholiind; month torniinal;
niudian nmtral ])late nono; iiaMals nnited in front of maxillary pedirlis.
Interorhital spaeo broad, the 8n])niocnlar ridjjes very prominent, witli
iargu, tiat, triangular anpraocnlar H])ino or Hludf; no o<'eipital Hpinos.
Teeth on Jaws and vomer, none on palatines, (ilill memhranes unit(>d, fn i'
from isthmns. North Pacilie. (TtFfjMi'g, a synonym of rte/jHt/, pereli. )

2.I»H. I'KUdS JAI'OMCIS (I'alliis).

^^^

i 5

'Bi

i

ireadll; Br.fi; 1).VI,7; A.«; P. 12; V.3(r,2); C. 2-1:1-2. Body eom
pressed thronghont, the shoulder {jirdles prominent; width of hody at
i>aHO of pectorals a little more than greatest height and 5 in body len<;tli.
Immediately beliind pectorals the width a little less than greatest ht^igiii ;
between dorsals and on i»ednncle it is nearly 2, and under 8<*cond dorsal :i
little more than 2 in the height at th«^ same points. Abdomen moderatly
swollen in front of vent. The back rises at an angle of 15^ behind oci i-
put, slojies downward under first dorsal, leaving a hum)) under ifs front
end, rises in front of second dorsal and slopes downward again under it;
ventral tmtline nearly straight; vent between k iind i distance from veii-
trals to anal. Breast and area between ventrals and vent almost com-
pletely occn])ied by nearly flat, radially striated plates, with slight Is
raised centers and of variable size, with innumerable, exctessively miiuiii'
plates scattered among them; vent surrounded by prickles. Plates dl
ventrolateral series small, beginning as distinct rows of spinous i)latr,s
about opposite vent, with an imperfect row of smaller 8])inoti8 plates be-
tween them and tlie vent on each side, and converging toward anal. They
pass along sides of anal, remain distinct to about the eighth pair of ]tlatt s
behind anal, and unit<' in a single median plate with a double s])iue; from
this plate to caudal the rows are again distinct, the plates alteriuitiiii;
instead of standing opposite each other; th«^ su]>erior and inferior latenil
series l»egin .as distinct rows of sjdnous plates abont opposite middle ol'
first dorsal, diverge to abont front of second dorsal, and converge toward
base of candal; the plates elongated vertically, their spines, rising
ahrnptly from tlieir centers, are strong, thick, blunt, curved; abont 'M
plates in inferior and 35 in snperior longitudinal row; between them lies

* Diajrnosis : Hody moderately slender, cornprcaswl, its widtli betwcrn tli(^ dor.sala noaiiy
2 in (l«i)tli at same place; 2 rows of strong and 2 of weak spinex alonj^ each side of lioii\ ,
and a median lateral I'ow of spineleHs i)lates. Head 4!. rreoperciilar spine lar^e, snlmr
bital H))ine tulierciilar. Snpraoculav rMjio expanded into a triangular slielf projectiiii:
laterally far beyond eye and (mding blnntly; no occipital spines. Back elevated beliiini
najio. First dorsal sliort, beginning at nape. Plates in dorsal stories 43 to 45; betwein
<lorsals (from last sjiino to first ray) 14 pairs (it i);iirH between end of membrane of tlr.--t
dorsal .and tirst ray of second dors.il. Nasal spines sliarj), far ajtart, at tip of snout . N'l
nu'dian rostral plaio. Gill membranes united, free from isthmus. Teeth in broad bainl^;
on Jaws and on vomer; none on ])alatines. \'ent between i and \ distance from ventral
to anal. Color (in spirits) "ohl ivory," with brown patches on sides, 1 nmler lirst dors;il,
1 between dorsals, 1 under second dorsal, 2 or 3 on peduuulo. B. 6; 1 1). C; 2 1). 7; A. ><■.
lM2i V.3(I-2); C. 2-13-2.

Jordan and F.Virmann. — Fishes of North America. li(>3r>

' si)iiie; from

ill)' niodian lutiTiil himMoh, Itcitriii); (Ik* lutoral liiui, witli a nearly cimtiuii-
oMH row of lis or \\\s HpinnloHH ]iljit<-H from ht'ud to i aiidnl (a few of tlu'in
with Hiiiiill, blunt tiiltcnlfH) ilorsolah^nil HorioH (utiiipoHctl of Hiiiall, iiidiH-
liiH't |ilat«>H from oiripiit to ItMyond iniddUt of first dorsal, wlxm tlioy
lituuiiiie lar){i>r and Hpinoiis; ])lat('H of sixth, Ht>v*.>ntli, t-ijrhtli, and ninth pairs
Ixdiind last ray of sotroiid dorsal <loH«dy a]>pro\iinat*Ml, hnt not forming
single modian ]dat(!s; from ninth pair to uaiidal tbo plates of thv J rows
;iitrrnato as on vontral surface; plates in dorsal surics \\\ to 15. Th»ro are
:iimoHt complptc aories of small platos, altormiting with tho lar^e ones,
liotween the dorsi* and superior lateral series, between the superior and
ii'.edian lateral, between the median and inferior lateral, and between the
inferior and ventro lateral series; this nuiltiplication by interealat ion of
small plates is evident all over the body. There are no larjje, but nnnier-
niiH minute, plates in front of and ou base of pectorals, (iill membranes
|)osteriorly and medially with several rather weak platos and many minute
plates and prickles, anteriorly and laterally with a few anuill plates;
underside of lower Jaw witli many imi»erfeet ]»lates or stronfj prickles;
weaker prickles alon<; the branchiostejial rays. II<nid depressed throujijli-
out, narrow to ])oaterior border of orbits, behind which it widens rapidly.
I)el)tli behind orbits /,, and over operehta jj, of width atsauus points; orbits
liirjje, oval, 1 J in liead, far forward ; interorbital space a little conc.ivo, very
iiroad; at anterior border of orbits wi«ler than the orbit itself, \\\ in head;
;it posterior border of orbit '1\ in head. Siii)raorbital ridges expanded
into a tiat, triangular sludf ])rojeeting upward and outward over eye an<l
I tiding bluntly. <)(;ci])ital ridges heavy, low. spineless, forming low domes
Itehiiid; sjtace between them concave. I'reorbital with about 2 ridges
radiating from the anterior interior border of orbit, each ending in a short,
hroad, plate-like blunt spinet; supraorldtal with a bro:id, domc-lik*' tnl>er-
rle; preopcrcle with a dor.sovent rally comproased spine; below this IJ snc-
(I'ssively smaller blunt 8])ines; ( lieek below orbit and suborbital with 1
ur ."( fairly develoi)ed and many minute ])lates; nasal spines far apart, near
ti|) of snout aharp, nearly upright. A large membraneous nasal tube; a
short, llap-like barbel at ti)) of each maxillary; mucous ]»orcs of lower
Jaw with tlap-like borders. Mouth small, terminal ; no median rostral
plate; maxillary re.iching a little beyond front of orbit; angle of jaw
prominent, tubercular. Dorsals far apart (al)out 14 pairs of plates
liotween last spine and lirst ray; 9 j airs from end of lirst dorsal mem-
lirane to lirst ray), the first a short distance behind occiput, its spines
very rough (like the rays of all tho fins), with minute prickles or plates;
its leathery membrane also rough; spines (5, transversely broad at base,
the fourth longest, 2 in head; lyase of second dorsal about 1* in that of
lirst doraal; rays 7, the third longest, about 1.1 in head; distance between
ilorsala about ecjual to base of iirst dorsal; anal beginning about 1^ plates
ill front of aecond doraal ; rays 8, tho tifth longest; the membrane notched,
t he distal third of the;> anterior rays exserted, with a luirrow border of niem-
liraue; caudal rounded, its base about 2 in its length; pectorals close to
uill openings, 4! in length of body, their base about o in their length, r:iys
a little cxaerted; ventrala (male) leas than 2 in i)ectoral8, the inner ray

2();i(i

Diilldin /7, United States Natioual Museum.

"■n:

longnr, K in lioily. r<ntoml lino witli about II pnroH on tho anterior ami
ultoiit U on poHtttrior purt «)f body, (till nionibnineH iinitod, i'vmi rioin
iNtlininH. Tt><«t<li on Jiiwh and vomer; none on pnltitinvH, Color, piili'
bruwniHh or yt'llowisli ("old ivory"); a lif^lit-ln-own croHH bur u( rohn iln.
buck in front of und under liiHt dorHul, nurrowiuf; to ujipir ««nd of biisit if
pectoriil; anofiior, of irru^rulnr outlinn, jiuhsIu}; <lo\vnwurd und forwiinl in
poHtorior nido of 'mso of poitorul ; a larger one, nioHtly b<do\v tbo Hupiiiiu
lutcral N(M'ii;H, bfbind lirstdorNiil ; I uiulor second dornul, und lion ))edniii 1.
tlie luHt Just in front of base «)f ciiudul; dorHul iins dusky, with sin;ill
diirkcr ]>iitcIn>H; lirst dorsul with u jtule oldii|ue bur neur itHbaso; diKt:i|
hulf of (Miudal dark, itH tip ed^^ed with li^^htrr; ^tostorior half of imil
dusky; p<'(!t(»rul« niurlded with yellowish und brown, the nionibrune of (Ik
distnl third dusky, with pnler ed>j;o; voutralH ])ulo; 1 or 5 brown spots «iii
uupe; a curved bund of brown ( onuectinfj the posterior endBof tlio ocrip
itui ridges, uuothrr between the liitter un«l the temporul ridf^es, and a
streak extending backward from jiosterior bonier of orbit; brown areas
on opordo and ]»reoperclo. Length 14} inches. North I'aeilie; Kuril
Islands (Stcller), fJulf of Patience, Island «)f Sughalien (Tiloslus), Okhotsk
Sea (Dr. Krausc); not known fnnn Japan. Hero descriltod from a speci
men from OkhotHk Sea in Coll. Cul. Ae. Sci., the only one Hoen Hin<'e tiie
time of Pullas und Tilcsius. ( Japoxicim, from .lupun, .laponia, because,
aiu'ordingto Stoller, it is more common toward the south, i, e., in .Tupau. i

Cottiia jai>onicut. Tai.i.as, S|tleilej{ia Zoolnniii, vii. HO, pi ' tl^H. I 3,1772, dry sjiecinicn

Kuril Islands (Coll. (i. W. StcUor) ; Tu.Ksu's, Krut icrn's IJeino lun dl<< Well, i\

1.1.87.1KI3.
Ayninm cuiilicii*, 'I'lLKfiTT's, Mi^'m-Arnd. St. P(>tcrHb., IV, 1811, 410i nfterPAU.Aflnnd Stei.mi!
Aiiouim ntr(inphtliiilmu.i, Tu.Kslt's, Moiiioirs Soc. NutiiriillHtH. Aloseow, u, 219, 1800, Gulf

of Patience, Saghalien Island; Tli.ESiUS, Mini. Acad, St. IVtorsb., iv, 1811, -lli?, pi 12;

GOntukh, Cat., n, 214, 1800.
Agpidophonin llniza, T,X(i:vt.UF., Iliit. N'al. dos ToiRH., in, 1802; after Pai.I.AS.
AKpi(loiiliortisnui)cnilion\i», CrviKii & Vai.knciennes, Hist. Nut, I'oiuH., iv, 215, 1829, Kuril

Islands; after Pau.as and Tu.eshs.
fercisjapunicut, Scopoli, Int. Hist. N»t., 4.14, 1777.
A(jonvnja}>onicvs, Hlocii it Sc'iiXKU)i:u, Systonia Ichthyologia, 10.5, 1801.
PlialntKjisfrsjajiiiiiieiis, Pam.AS, Zooy. Rosso-AHiat., ill, 112, 1811.
Utppocfiihnlii.1 aupercilioiHs. .Swai.nson, Nat. Hist. Fislies, oti;., II, 272, ISriO.
Uippm-i'phnhis jnpnuiciin, Johdan &. GiLBEia', Synopsis, 723, 1883; Cuamer, Pron. Cal. .\v.

Sci. 1894, 104, with ligure.

760. AGONOMALUS, Ouiehenot.

Aiioiiowaliis, GMrHENOT, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. do Cherbourg, IX, ISfifi, 252, pi. 9 (prohocc'i
ilnlin).

Head and body strongly compressed, the latter eiitirel.y armed with
ungiilar osseous ])lutes. Teeth excessively small on both jaws, none on
vomer or palatines. Dorsal tins separate; a long, tleshy barbel on tip
of snout; mouth small; a very high, broad, somewhut recurved spine or
bony pro.iectiou above ea<'h orbit; occipitul spines not prominent; origin
of lirst dors.'il ubove nape, the profile from nape to fin very steep; pectoral
ruys somewhat exscrtcd; gill membranes probabl,v united und free from
isthmus. Closely related to Hypmnoniia. (Jgonus; 6f.ta\6i, level, even,
or Hat; i.e., compressed,)

i|^

JonUxn and liirnnann, -r-Fis/us of Noilli . hinrim. 20il7

XiiUtt. A<iOM»MAM N IMtOIIUM il»AM!H ( VuliJiii'lviimH).

215, 182», Kui .

R, Pror. CiU. Af.

pi. 9 {prohnne:

llt'l);ht of body ~>^ in tutiil IfD^lli; ^ifiitrHt wiiltli of abdnnicn f; of
li.HKlit. IJr. (i; I). VIII, (1; A. lli; I'. II; V. U (I, L'); V. 2-ll->'. li.xly
It'iiilur, (idiitpruMMod. Hido of botly tlii'oii>r|ioiit itd IciiKtli with 2 rowH of
piiioiiH |)liit»H, I iiltovr iiud I Itrldw liit*'i'iil liiir, tbr pliitiH o\ ill, rudiiiliy
4riat*-d, tlio spiium \unh, nirvrd, uoiiipn'MHud upon iiiiddli^ of pliitcN.
Ili'liiiid puctoral ^'inllu, Itotwoi'ii llrst |diitu.s of Hiiporiur and iiifoiior
^piuoiiH HoriuH, a circular Htiiatud plato witb a Hinall Npinu; a Huiall npinu
ii])on a^ i>late on Mio pectoral ^riid!)- aliov<' iuHortiou of pcotoral liii. SidcH
iictWffU lateral Npiuoiis hi rico a littlu coucavu. Tbu rounded, siuacwhat
|ii(iuiiucut abdomen witb Hinall striated platuH arniud witb low Iduiit
iiilii-rrloH. I'rolUr of body risiuK vertically bcbind napo aiul under lirHt
spinu of tirHt doiHal, ruuiiin;; in a Htrai^bt line to Hi-iund doiHal, riNin^ a
little untler tbia lin, and dcHcttiidin^ gradually to caudal. Inferior ])rolilM
marly roitilinoar. Head huuiII, coni])ru.sMed, \vitb a tbick Ion;; median
narbul at tip of Hiioiit: HUpraocular ridgcH bi;;b, paHHin;; down anterior
border of orbit; tb«! HU)irao(!ularNptneH lar^cu* Hat, tbin; interorliital wpaeo
deeply concave, Avitb a Hinall lun^itutlinal rid^e; nasal ^pineH prcHont; a
jiair of occipital npinoH ])resunt; also a Hupraucapular tubordu; none on
iipercle, liut a lar;;o, oldonjj, coinprcKsod Hpiiio tin preoperclo and 1 on
siiliorliital ; eye largo, circular, I in bead. Tbc preoildtal witb rid^eB,
eliding; at ItH lower l»order in ntrong dunticulatious. Moutb small; lower
J.iw Hborter tban tbe upjter; tectb excesHively wmall ; none on palatincH.
Spines of Ihst dorsal lar^e, curved, and liigber tii;in tbo body boneatb
them; second dorsal lower, its rays strong and curved; anal very long;
inudal uarrow and rounded; ])ectoral very birge, its longest rays eijiial to
longest sitiiiea of liist dorsal; rays simple and roiigb; veutrals small.
Lateral line indicated by a series of small longitudinal '-traits" set off ou
iiak<'«l space between tbe 2 longitudinal striosof large! spinous i»late8 (after
\ alencieunes). (Juiebeuot says tbe total leugtb is scarcely (i;^ inebes
lit; cm.). His ligiiie, wbicb seems to be g<»od, furiiisbes tbe following
tacts; Al»oiit 7 plates of tbe superior lateral scrb's between tbe adjacent
rays of lirst and second dorsals, and alioiit 2 between posterior edge of
iiieml»rane of first dorsal and first ray of second dorsal; 10 plates from
last ray of second dorsal to base of caudal. A small but distinct tultercio
or spine posteriorly at base of supraocular spine. Occii)ital spine appar-
ently very close to elevated part of back, but distinct; in front of its base
a small but distinct tubercle, as in Jfypsaf/oinis ([Hailricdinia. Spines (»f
lii'st dorsal all exserted, the first tor about i of its leugtb; all rays of
anal exserted, tbe aiitoiior 3 or 4 for about J of their length; posterior
anal rays (except the last) longest; all rays of pectoral considerably
exserted (about I of their length); 27 spinous plates iu the series above
lateral line, 30 in tbe serb-s b«'low lateral line. One specimen known,
taken in 1 of the coves of tbe Port of the Kmperor Nicolas, (Julf of Tar-
tary (Nicolaovsk, iiuuitb of Amur Hiver, west of the Island of Saghalieu).
((iuiobenot.) (prohoacUlulib, bearing a proboscis; iu allusion to the promi-
ucut barbel ou snout.)

■ i-'.

2038 liHllctin 47, UniUd ShUn iXoiional Must urn.

.{tl>iiloi>liorui probottiilatit, VaI.EN( iknnkh, C'oiiiiiUa Ueiiilii* tin 1 Auail. iltm Hol)'iiri>«,
XI. VII. MIU, \HM, Hurt uf Emperor Nicola* (NIcolaevvk), OulTof Tartary.

.lijiiniiiiinliil prohoniiliilii, Ciiimkncii, Mi hi. S<m'. Si I. Nut. Cliii lioiuu. ItO-''. ^W, Jtl t;
Hauvauk, Muuv. Arch. Mumiiin IllMt. Nat., I'liriM i2),i, IM78, 157.

761. HYPSAGONUS, (Jill.

Ilnittttiiitnun, llll.I,, I'roc. Ac. Nut. Hri, I'lilla. IH(II,-J,MI (iiiiitilrieomU).

t'liiiriiiiniiut, Mku/.knhtkin, Mull. Acml. Imp. Hul. (I« St. iVternb., XIII, 18U0 HO, (71,1.
itirnt iiuailriiumiM).

Mdtly <'iiiii|ir«>H.st>il, olevatt^l, tli'pth Ki'*''*tor than lfii)j;tli of lioml, iiiorc
lliuii k 0' '""Ij : litiiHl Hiniill, »«-|)iii'iituil Iroin liiNt tloiHitl liy a wvy *lt'i'|i
iiiii'hiil d^prusMioii; top of lieiid viiiy iiiiuvni, I ]iiiirot' liir^«< Niipiaociil ir
hikI I |iiiii'of liir^o orrijiitiil Hpiiit's, Htioii^;, Miiiit; iiiniitli Irniiinnl, Jiiwt
iilidiit )'i|Miil, a lai'^u biii'lii'l «ir iioiio at tip oT Niioiit; tttctli un Ja\v,H, nonf
on V)iiiirr or ])alatiiii>>«; ^ill iikmiiIiI'iiikh iiiiitrd, fnii from istlmiiiN; Hiiiuft
or platoH liii'^o, ratliall.v Htriatcil, willi a <'(>iitral spinu or tiiliun-le; 'J rov\H
«»f strong anil 2 of wiMikcr spincn alony nIiIk of liody; dorsal tin loiij{,
high, ItUKiniiin;; iiuiiiiMliatuly huliiiHl iiapu, tli*^ Hpiii«).>« strong, tliu lirsl sn-.
nitml; p«Mtoi-alH sliort, piociirn'iif, thi' lower H or }> ra.vM frc«<; viMiti;iU
HDiall; vfiit nearly halfway hetwoen vjMitralin aiitl anal, {utpi- hij.;li;
AgonuK.)

num. IIVrM.V<JO>VN ({lIAItltlCOItMS* (Cuviti Jc Viih'iK lenuuN).

]\r. «>; D. IX to XI (rarely IX. nsnally X), (Mir 7; \. !» or 10; 1'. 13 or 11;
V. ;{ (I, -'); C. i:»; virtcbni- ,,", (:«>). I'yioiii' (!fi«a r> (1' imliviaiials .
Body Htroiigly «• )m|ire-^HtMl throiiKhoiit its length. Aluloniun hwoIIch
(uiiK'h l»HH in malt' than foinai*)) alioiit /,, of thu dv|ith, tho latter ){ to 1^
(usually about I) in tiio loiigth; liody iniicli niirmwer nnder Hucond dnr-
Hiil, only altont ^ of depth. Itaek li.seH almost )>erpondi(iil.'irly buliind tjit^
Ui\]iv>, slopes downward to end of llist <lorsal, rises gently to base of sic
oimI dorsal, then sinks and rises again to base of eandal ; ventiul oiitllin'
gently eonvoN. I'lales distrilmled in general as in the other AgonoiiN,
but with many deviations in detail. Interspaces inembranaeeons, studded
with a variable iinmber of siinill plates; vent nearly halfway betwei n
veiitrals and anal, the memliiane between it and ventrals with seattenii
plates; jdates of s fiitiolateral scries small, the si»iiics short, bliim,
strongest from vent to anal; those of the inferior lateral series elongaii il
vertically, beginning behind middle of base of pectorals, with Ion-,
strong, cnrved spines, which ii8<' aliriiptly from the center of the plat( -.
growing smaller piteteriorly, minute at base of caudal, their number vary
ing from 28 to 30. Tin* series of the lateral line (onsists of 7 to !) plates

* DinRiiosis: Hotly sliort, iniuih coniprcsRctl tlir<)U);li<)iit its vvlioln leugtli ; its jireatrsi
width 3 U> i'j in d'cplli; 2 rows of .siroiij; mid 2 of wtMiker 8|iiiu'.>) idonji nidcof body a
Htrong spiiu! nliove biisn of poctoral ; luMid H.l; iu'eoprrcnlar Mi)i.. 5 present, hirge; 1 |i;iir-
lur;;« Riiimiucular uiid 1 pair litr^c oiH'Jpilal spiiica, Htroiig and blunt. Body abruptly ili .
vated behind uapt': lifHt dor.sal Inn;;, high, bu^iiiniiig iiniiiediately behind nape; '801 !i

lower raVH of pectoral tree: jilates in ilorHal series about ,'i:i to 3.'<; between dorsals al 1

5; usually a single barbel at tip of snout; no iiiedian ro.stral ]date: gill inembniins
broadly united, free I'roiii iHtliiiius: no teeth on vomer or palatines; vent iiearlv halfwMV
between ventrals and anal. Color, front half of body blackish violet (variable), hiudi 1
hull' pule, yelluwiBli, with 1! or \i uunuw durk buud.s; cuudul with durk baud distuUy.

Jordan aiuf I'.virnuinn, — Fishes of North Anuriai. -(KV.)

■ ry.

IMOTi, ■J54, |il •

IHtM) III), (./;„.

litMul, inuii'
a Vfiy <lt'< II

IHIipl'lKMllI II

iiiinal, Jiiw ■>

II JllW.S, IKIhr

Iiiiiiih; HiiiMi
(fde; '_' row ■«

MVl till loii^,

till* lirMt M< 1-
riM-; voiitr;il>

lUlt).

I; r. 13 or II;
iiiiliviiliiiiN

IlHill NWollrll

latter ;{ tn 1
Hei'oiiil tlm
buliiiid llii'

llUHO of Si , -

tral outline
r AjioiKtiils,
IIS, stmlilfil
ay bi'twi'i n
til Hfatteii'il
lort, Itliiiii,
s cloiigalrd
with Ion.;,
f th«^ platr -,
uiiiIht vary
7 to Jtplatrs

til ; its (JTCatrst
.ii<lt' of body ;i
It, large; 1 I'^iii'
<ly aliruptly il' ■
iiiil nape; 8<ii !(
II (lorsals iiliiiiil

gill llH'lllllllMUt

nearly liallw^iv
iirial)li«), liiinkr
,ud diotully.

soiiiotliiii'M varying on tlii< 2 hIiIuh of tin* Maiiir aiitmal), tliu tltHt 3 (u<-cii>
Niuiiully iUo iiriit W) very Iiiikk, Hiipplyiiiff lli» lack of pliitrH in tlio hii|hi-
lior lattTiil Nitrit<H anteriorly and Moiii(<tinit s a)t|iar«>iilly t'oiiniii){ a part of
iliJM Hfri(w, tluMi' HpinoH liin^;, Htroii};, ami iiirvud; ri'inainiii^ r> or <i pliili^is
liHtribiitt'd at varying dinlann-H alon^ Hide of liody, Hiiiall, tint HOini-tiiiifH
l>rovid)'d witii Niiiall Kpini-N; tliii Nii|ii'rior lateral hiiifs ln'^iiiH iindor al>oiit
ilio Novfiitli Hpiiie of tiiMt dornal and inns in a Htraiulit lini) to caudal, tlio
^jiiiieH a little HiiialUtr than tlioHf of tlie iiil'rrior lateral serieH, and vary
lioiii iTi to 27 in iiinnlior (pliiH the L' or :( ]daleH of tlio lateral line \vli«'ii
iliey appear to Itelon^ to tliiH Heries), The dormM'iiteral Neiies lie^^inH
leliiiid oeeipltal Hpiiie and follows ontlinu of hack cIunu under dorsalH, :iit
Id :tr> paii'H; platcH Hinall, with tnlierciuH or hliiiit Kphie.s. Kctvvceii the
ilorHolateral HerieH ami tint htiHu of each ilorHal tin ia a Hiip|dcineiiiary
series of vury hiiiiiII tiilien nliited plates or prickles; those iiiidur tliu
iiituilor lin Hoineliines lieeoine apparently eontinnoiis with the duiso-
lateral Heries, crowdiii^r the aiit»rior plates of the latter downward ; abuiit
> paii'H he I ween dorsal IliiH. Mehiiid pectoral, lietweeii the inferior lat-
< ml HcricH and the lar^e anterior pine plateH thure are iiHiially -' ur :i platcH,
iif which 1 or 2 HoinetiincH hear iiiiiiiite spines; t ]date with a lar;;u, stroii){
spine JiiHt ahove htiHi> of puetonil; none in front of tliu tin, which is close
lo ;^ill opening. No platcH on hraiichioste^al iiieinliraiies or lower .jaw.
Head compressed, Hiiont \\\\ nearly as >\ ide as lii^li across ]ireopcrcle,
iiiiicb narrower under orhits. Orbits iaijre, eireiilar, hi^h up, {) in head.
Iiiterorbital H|iace wide heliiiid, iiincli narrower in front, concave; snpia-
liihital rid);;eH \\\^\, shelving outward over eye, ending iu Htron;:: spinus
ilirccted outward, upward, and a little backward, in front of the iiase of
which there is a very small one, iiBiially in the form of » tiiliercio of vari-
:ildo si/c (most distinct in the yonii<;). I'rcorhital with 2 or H ridges radi-
iilin;;' from anterior inferior border of orbit, its edge Hcailopeil; Niiborhital
with a strong, coinpresHed spine pro,jectiiig nearly at a right angle; pre-
opercle with a strong, compressed, curved spine, and below it 2 or W llat-
tened smaller ones; nasal spines strong, curved, separate, somewhat
diverging; 1 or 2 or no jdates on lower jiart of cheek; no median rostral
jiliite. Itarbel at tip of snout, above premaxillaries, varying much in
length, freiiiieiitly entirely absent. Month small, terminal; maxillary
iiMching front of orbit. Teeth on .jaws; none on vomer or palatines.
Anglo of Jaws prominent, tubercular. (Jill menibranoB broadly united,
free from isthmus. First dorsal about 2A times as long as second, high,
its spines strong, nearly upright, the lirst very, and some of the others
somewhat, granulated or beset with prickles; the anterior spines but little
exserted; membrane Btretclied. .Second dorsal low, its rays stilf; caudal
virly truncate, its width at base iiboiit lij in length; anal long, bcgiii-
iiiiig under posterior end of first dorsal and ending opposite posterior end
(if second dorsal ; 2 or 3 of the posterior rays (except the last) longest, all
tlie rays much, the anterior more than half, exserted; ventrals of female S
or it in h'ugtii of body; in male longer, tJ to 7^ in body length. Abdoiii-
iiial region much swollen in female. Lateral line, ]iores 1.5 to 10, in pairs,
except the lirst. Veut nearly halfway between veutrals aud anal. Color

tf ,

■i

(SB 1

iil:

2040 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Itliickish oi- grayinh violet, paler liolow; broiist and belly in front of vein
niur'iletl with darker; anterior rejrion to opposite posterior end of liisl,
dorsal dark, tiiu <lark region limited l>y a still darker Itaiid wbicli ruus iij)
«»u tlui lin; i)08t»'rior part of body paler, with narrow dark cross bands, 1
under tlio anterior and 1 under the posterior part of the second dorHii',
Loth pt'ssing down onto the anal; caudal peduncle darker, sonietiim >
with irrof-ular patches more iuttMisely diivk; caudal with a dark band ai
(»as(, and another near distal end, the extreme tip whiteedf;'e<l; rays (if
anal with black spots near their tips; pectorals iudt>tinitely cross-barnd
by series of short bl;»ck streaks on rays; vontials of both sexes with
about 2 narrow bars of black. A variabh' species, widely dilfused. Lenj;fii
2.V inches. North I'acifie; Kamchatka, Bering Sea, and coasts of AlasK.i,
south to Ih'isttd Hay and I'uget Sound. (Gilbert.) Here described Irom
specimens taken by Dr. Gilbert {.ilbatrosa Coll.) about the Aleutian
Islands. On these specimens Dr. Gilbert has the lollowing notes:

Tukru north ami Houtli ol IIki Aleutian Islands, in the shullow wutor; also at 1 stM
tioii ill Itristol May, iu depths from 34 to 5G I'atiicms. Our spcciiiiwis aj^reo portectly wiili
the dt'scrii)liou of IIiipBwjitnun (Clwiraijunus) ijradicns, Hcrzunstuiii (lii\U. Acad. Inii». din
.Sci. do St. I'ctersb., xiii, 11<5, Mft> 29, 1800), described from tlie (iulf ol' Avatchii in
Kanii'liatka. Ur. (J. A. ISoiilenfjer, of tlio Uritibh Museum, has kindly compared uin
of onr specimens with tiie tjpc of Aiij)Uli>pltonis quadricornis, C. & V., aud states tliui
they are luidoulitedly i<leiitieal. Body slioi t., mucli eoinpresaed, tlie head also narrow iiuil
eiHiipressed, es\ieciiilly uliovo and in front. Nasal apinos .short and strong, a sleinii r
b.irbel, or' varyinjj length, in IVout of them on middlt^ line of snout, '".l lar re;;iiiii
abruptly rising al'o'') the short, slender si.out, the eyes vertical, overarched by the siipi.i
or'.)ital rim, vhich i ars jiosleriorly a strong vertical spiiu). Intei orbital space witli a
deep mcdiau yrt'ove and wuhout ridges, the occipital region depressed below the l)otti)iii
of the groove. No deep i)it on occiput, the sj)aee being gently concave transversrl\ .
bounded laterally by moderate ridges, whieli bear posteriorly a spine preceded by a loiif
tuberel". A sti'ong spine at lower inferior l)ordor of orbit; a strong spin.) at upper pic
oiiei-.;ular .'ingle and 3 smaller ones below it J a stnmg spine above the base of pectoml,
liehind and al)ove which on sides are 2 strong si>ine8 nearly in '.iue with tlie upi)or lateral
series of plat(\s; surfaces (.f opereles with a I'ew short spinous processes, but witlioiit
detinite spine. V.imer and palatino' toothless. JSrauchiostegal membranes broadlv
Joined, lorming a free fold across the isthmus, ^touth narrow, horizontal, terp'.inal, the
lower jaw included. Maxillary rea<'liing vertical slightly behind front of orbit, lij in
head. Eye l.irge, 3 in head; snout 4; interorbital widtl. over middle of orbit J liead
behind snout. Iv'ape rising very abrujjtly from occiput to front of dorsal, tln^ outliiii'
thence descending to i-ear front of Svjcond dorsal wlien it again ascends. The points (if
(trigin of tiie 2 dor;<.il»' are therefore prominent, the i)rotile eimeave behind them. IJoily
(leejtist nder (irst dorsal Hi)ine, 3J in length. Greatest width of body near ventral out
line ii.iuiediately iieliind ventral lin, 5\ in Icngtii. A series of small prickles along base
of spinous and anterior portion of soft dorsal, bearing 1 spinule to each ray. Plates
all concealed, .,lie spines alone i)ri)Jecting; upper lateral series of plates very small, hear
ing each a ninute spinous point ; this series is narrowly separated from ba.se tf spinoii.s
dorsal, and run.-t along base of soft dorsal, tiio 2 series uniting immediately behind llic
latter, bearing eaeli a pair of diverging spines; lateral series with very strong spines, the
largi>st being the anterior ones of the lower lateral scries. The upper lateriil series is
incompi< CO anteriorly, ending under th(» oightli dorsal spine. It is apparently cora])letiil
by 5'. very strong spines, which belong, however, to the series of the lateral line. Veii
tral ferios of spines small, running along inunediate base of anal tin, the i)airs uniting
behind the anal, tiie resulting plates bearing a pair of spines. As in the case of the dor
sal siiries, thiw union is more or less Iri'eguhir and incomplete, the cori'esiionding jilaics
suiui times failing to unitti, aud then either maiutuiuiug their oppuuitu position or alteru;.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2041

•ont of vein
011(1 of first
licli nm» nil
088 bam Is, 1
•ond tlorsii!,
, Hometiiin -
iirk 1)1111(1 ;ii
H»'»l; riij'H of
pross-baiT( (I
1 8cxe» V it'll
»ed. Leii^tii
ts of Alaska.
ici'il)ed Iron I
he Alfiitiaii
J tea :

; also at 1 sta
) perfectly wiili
Acad. Iiiii>. cli M
of Avutclm iij
coiiiiiureil Dill
iud Htatos tlKii
;ilso narrow ami
rong, a slciuli r
T'c lur rejiicu
ed by thf aiiini
tal space with a

elow tlio boti

'o traiisvcrsily,
jcedod by a \mv
it upper iHi
)a80 of poctonil,
le upper latci.il
but witlioiii
ibraues broii(ll\
, terpunal, tlic
of orbit, ii'l ill
of orbit J liii'.il
al, tlie outliiii'
The points hI
d tbeui. Hiicly
111- ventral oiii
klea alonn liasr
li ray. l'lat.>
ery 8niall,bi'nr
)ase tf spinous
tely b-jliiiid tiio
rong Hpiufs, tlic
lateral series is
ently comi)lt'tiil
eval line. Ven
e iiairs uniting
case of the dor
s])ondinf; iilalis
tiou or alleruii;

iii>;. Lateral lino with few widelj- spaced pairs of pon^s, those of each pair app^'oxiraated
Mini horizontally instead of vertically placed. The iiitcr.si>accs bear in the posteri<ir part
,if llit> body a iiiiniit(< prickle each; in the case of the '1 or 3 anterior pairs, tlicso bet'onie
\ ery strong spines, nearly on a line with the incomplete npjicr lateral series of plates,
'iiiiis anterior, nearly midway between base of vcntrals an<l front of anal. First dorsal
■,|ii'ie vertically over iippwr axil of itectoral. The lin is ri;;idly spread in alcoholic speci-
Miens ; the thinl and fourth spines are loii;;cst an<l about ei|ual length of snout and eye;
lulcrspace between dorsals ei|iialiiig J lenjilh of orliit: anal much longer than second
.liirsal, its tlrst ray under last dorsal spine, its last ray sliithtly in advance of the last ray
III' soft dorsal; anal membranes de(>ply iiicis(>d, especially anteriorly. Caudal siiort,
loiinded; pectoral of 2 distin<'t divisions, the upper portion co!isistiiijr of 4 or fi rays
Miiiied by niemhrane; the lower part of 8 entirely disconnected rays. These upper and
liiwor portions of the tin are used alternately in pushing tlie fish forward on the bottom,
ilie ui»per lobe being downward and forward for the ]iiirpose. In the ai|uariiiin, the tish
;i|i]iears to walk, resting alternately on the upper and lower jiectoral rays and on the front
i;iys of the anal; the longest pectoral rays reach to or jiist beyond front of anal; ventrals
sliort, not reaching vent in females, reaching to or sliy:litlj' beyond vent in males. 1). IX
I.I \'I, 6 or 7; A. 9 or 10; T. Kt or 14; V. 1,2; C. lit. Vertebra' 8 | 28. Lateral line 7 to 9.

I iilor: blackish or greyish violet, paler below; breast and belly in front of vent marbled
u ilh darker; anterior part of sides, to opposite last dorsi' spines dark, the darker reuion
limited by a still darker hand which runs up on the il'i; posterior part of body paler,
usually with 3 darker cross bars, the last of which often broadens out to ociuipy all of the
liiiulal peduncle; caudal witliadark bar at base and another at i)ostorior margin, the
t\trenie edge white; the dark vertical bars continued onto the anal tin, the rays also
s|M>tted with hack near lips; veiitrals with a black bar or sjjot at base; sometimes a
si'cond on middle of lin ; pectorals indefinitely cross-barred, largelj'palo on basal porticm;
color varying greatly, the lighter areas on body and tins often with dusky marblings.
(ililbert.) ('luatuor, four; cornu, horn.)

Aspidopliorus qnadrieornis, CuvtEii & Vate.ntiennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 221, 1829,
ICamchatka. ((^'oU. Dr. (Jollee. Type in Uritish Museum.)

I I iipnafjonui (Oheira(ji/nHi)) ijradiens, IIerzenstkin, Hull. Acail. Imp. des Sci. do St. Petersb.,

tome XIII, 110, May 29, 1890, Kamchatka, Sinus Awatska, Port Petropautski.
Altoiim (/i/(t(/nVo)-)t(.«, (UiNTiiEit, Cat., ii, 21,'), 1800.
Iliiimtujonus iiuadriconiis. Gill, I'l,;'-. A(^ Nat. Sci. Phila., xiii, 1801, 107; Jorda.m &. Gil-

UEUT, Synopsis, 722, 1883; GILUEUT, Kept. U. S. Fish (jonim. 1893 (18')0), 439.

762. STELLERINA, Ciiiiner.

su'llerina, Cra.meu, in Jordan \ Kvermann, Checl List Fisbes, 447, 1890 (ryosternus)

IJody moderately cloiij^ate, taperiiifj uniformly from head tn i audal.
s Iit'dral, Hiibteiete, a little (Icpri'sscd anteriorly, depth about 7, width
iiltout 6 in length; head 4i, tajuTing but litth- forward; prollhs of head
and snout in straight line with back. Platt's in dr.rsal series about 115;
lietweou ocoiput and lirst dorsal (> or 7 pairs. I'laLes of body spinous;
breast covered Avith radially striated prickles. Mouth very (ibliiiue, the
snout short, not tubular, hiwer jaw protruding, entering protilc; titth
Miiall, in few rows on jaws, none on vomer or palatines. A barbel at tip
of each maxillary. No median idstial plate. N.isal spines .small ; no
supraocular or occipital spines. Gill membranes uiiit«'d, free from the
isthmus. Anal liuig. (Named for Georg Wilhelm StoUer, naturalist tvud
explorer, the fust to study the lishes of Boring Sea.)
3030 51

2042 Bullcliu ^7, United States National Museum,

ft

SI

m^

1 'I

:rr

i.

H
1,.- ••■'

I

2101. STKM.KHIVA XYOSTKU.NA' (JokIiiii .V (Silbtrl).

B.O; J). VI or V1/-6; A-XorU; 1'. 17 to 19; V. .S ^I, 2); 0. 1, 11,1; l;u-
<ral lino 36. H(»(ly nltffhtlj/ iVpronHi'il in front, ivs hij^U as wido nnd«U' Htm
<J(»r8iil, 8-lir(]riil, Hiibttn-ti', the /.irr-a Jnit little concave; tail .stronji'
rlepr* ssed, 111 xajioii.il. Tlii" eliarp, slijfhtlv «ur\o<l Npiiics present on a I
Hill platen of eaeh sorie^, l>iit niiniile on tin nuuliaii, dorsal und ventrnl
|dat(!S of caudal pediinelo; the Hnpeiiol' lateral series bcfj'uniiii;- oppositr
front of iIimI dorsal, l»uinji rei»lared anhi iinly l),v i\w series of tlie later; I
line. Unlike (ho specicH of I'halnuijiHhH (in which Ihero are several ,
only 1 pair of plates belwoen last ray of wecond doisal and iirst medi.in
plate and 1 between last aiial ray and first median plate. JJreast, unliKo
that of other species, ulthoiit plates, bnt covered willi innninorablo
radially Htriatcd piicl' s; edge of breast in front of lower end of ba-c
of pectoral with 3 to plates. Ilrancbiostegal inembrane and nndii
side of mandible naked; inembrane between the ventKdateral serii s
behind and around vent with minute siattered prickles; 2 or 3 spinous
plates in front of pectoral; tlu^ inferior lateral si-ries, unlike tliac of "
<lo(l(r(i((lron, running dinotly toward base of pectoial. Head tapering bii
little forward, as lii<,rh as wide, 1} in leii|(tli. Oriiits moderate, nearly cii
eular, loiif^cr than snout, a little more than 3 in bead; interoibital spaic
nearly il,"', uearly 2 iv orbit; snpraorbital and occipital lidffcs bnt litlii
developed, spineless; temporal rldgi; moderate; a small siijnascapiii.n
spine. Cheeks vertical ; 2 niinnte sjanesat border of ])ioorbital, 1 oiisiih
orbital, 2 rather large and sometimes a third small one on picopercle; im
plates on lower part of cheek; nasal spines nii/mte, converging behind tli.
maslllaiy pcdli les. Median rostral plate absent; mouth very obli(|iM ,
lowerjaw protrudin,!.', entering profile; maNiilary nearly reaching i)ii|';i
enlarged at (ij). Teeth few and small in few rows on jaws; none on voim i
or palatines. One barbel at tip of each maxillary. (Jill openings laiL;'
membranes united, I'lci' I'roiii istbmus. Dorsals well separated ; anal loin;,
beginning under posterior end of first dorsal ; caudal about 3 times as Lhii^
as wide; ppctori|) '^j; in length of body, the base more than 3 in tip

length, wilji l7 (o ih rays (1!) rays in I jiectoral of a small sj)ecimiii. in
in the other), rminded, the lower rays rapidly shortening; veutrals nf
female 2 in pectorals, li in male; tips of rays exserted. Color, light oli\'
brown, pale btdow; top of head and bai k with minute spots and sinnnn
streaks of darker; lower Jaw and lower edge of cheek silver}'; pect(i.iil>^
dark, with a broad jiale patch below, near base, and a broad pale tiji:
ventr.ils pale Itl both sexes (?); rays of dorsals dark; caudal dark; pus
terior part of anal dark, as in 15. doiUcnvdroii. Length ti'. inches. Coa I
of California and Olegui, rallier rare, south to Monterey. Here described
from speiiuiens from ( oast of Oregon, taken in 24 fathoms. (Ifa;. in
scrape; drt'fjruy, breast.)

• Dingiio.sis : l!<«ly inotleratcly plongalo, tii])(>riiig iiiiilonidv from head tocnmliil, 81iPili;il
a littU; (liiprcsHsd iiiitcrioily. tlir deptli !i< lia.^c nl imtIiimiI.s |; oI' widtli. tlm latter (^ in
lon;;t)'i; pi'olilc of lioiid Mixl .iiiniit nearly in a .siniiglil line with baci^; iie.id Init litilr
tiiperiuu lorwai'd, 4.J in Imdy : plates in dorsal scries li'i; hetween occiput and Iirst doisiil
Our"; hetweon dorsMls 4 to ti; I'linn \ t'litrals to iiiiiil ahoiU 10 pairs. One barbel at li)' 'ii
inaxillaiy : nil' nicinbraiies Tree; inediiin rostral jilate waiitiiifr ; nasal siiiiies siniill: im
su])raonila" or oecipitid sjiimja. (Jolor light olivo browu, pale below; niamiiblu :iiiil
lower iiartol' cheek silvery.

■r,^

H7H.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America, 2043

•t).

0. 1, 11,1; li'v-

Nvidt' iindoi" Ih^i
!•; tiiil stroiiji'
H proBont 1)11 II I
•sal ;.:nl voiitnil
j'uiiiu;;- opposite
esof thi^ lat«'r;;l
rro nrt' several ,
and livHl median
. IJreiist, unlilve
itli iniiuiiicral)le
)\ver end of ba c
irani! iiud lllldi r
itrolateral serii s
»; 2 or 3 spinous
nuliUe thai of "
iead tapering bit
derate, nearly <ii
nteiorbital spare
I ridges but littb
all sui)ras('apnl:ir
oorbltiil, 1 on snh-
on jueoperele; H"
erging behind tip
nth very obl'.qn. ,
ly reaching piiini.

yrf- _ ■

upeiiings lln^;l
ated; anal lon^
ut 3 times as Ihm;
re than '3 i" tli'
tiiiill specimen, 1?<
ling; veutrals ut'
C'ol(»r, lightoliM
spots and sinuniis
silvery; pec to. :i Is
a broad pale tip:
mdal dark; P"-^
Ij.i, inclies. Coii>t
Here deseribrd
tboms. (Ir&J. '"

ieadt«)cnu(lal,H liP(lr;il

wiilth. Ww lattfi-C. Ill

back; lieail l)nt Iml.'

)ccipul and first (l((i>iil

. One barltcl at tijMil

lasal HiiiiiiiS Kiiiall; w<

below i luamiiblo and

lintcliyupsin xijuKtenntn, Jouoan & (Wliikut, Pioc. V. S. Nat. Mim., ui, July 2, 1880, 152,
Santa Cruz, California; ((,'((11. Dr. C. L. Aiidursou); Juudan &, Ou.iiERT, SyuupHis,
TJ7, 18«;i; .loiiDAV, Cat. KIhIk's N. A., IKl, \SH5.

{iioiiiin (liniehiiopnin) aiuHi; Sria.NOACii.VKH, Iclitli. licit nice, TX, '_'r)4 (17), j)l. 0, l(gH.l,ln,
ami lb, tjitzb. tier K. Atail. (Ill- Wi.ss., Lxxxn, Jiiiy 15, 1880, San Francisco, California.

763. OCCA, .loidn.'. Si, Evermann, now genus.

(,■<■(/, JoitDAN iV KviciJ.MAN.v, HOW goniis (vfrfKciimoi).

This geniiH ditVers from JirdchfiopniH in tlio short snont which is not
liibuhir, and is ibrmod as in SleUcrhia. From the latter genns it is sepa-
lated by the lai,;e plates on the breast, ami by tl 0 presence of at least a
It \v teeMi on the vomer and palatines. North I'acilie. (occa, a harrow.)

.(. Anal rays 10 to 12; platva of belly bluntly siiinoii.s; veutrals pale. veiuutco.'<a, '.'Wi.
((((. Ana! rays U to 10; plates of belly nearly smooth; veutrals dark.

UODliLAKUUUN, JIUJ.

2402. Ot ( A VF;imi;(;ONi' (l.iieklngton).

r.r. (i; I). VII to IX-7 o|H; A. II or 13 no or 11, Lockington); V. 11 or
1:.; V. ;{ (I, 2); C. I. II, 1; verlebra- 111 -)- Jl .;;7 Dt?). Pyloric laca 6 (1
iiidividnal) ; lateral lineot! or 117. Body and tail depressed thioiiglioiit, the
I'lrmer rodiided oeliigotnil, the faces little eonitiive; eaiulal pednncle liex-
a^onal, shf/l'l, with about 7 median dorsal and .5 or (! median ventral ])lates;
(lie sharp enrved spines ix-tter develope.i than in <). (lodccanlyon. piesent
nil all ridges from head to caudal, except 2 or 15 jdates of medi.iii ventral
,M lies of peduncle; phites of median lateral (laler;il line) series ];irge and
111 aring sinail spines from head to near jiosteiior end of second dorsal; 1
1)1 ,■) pairs of jjlates between last r.iy ol second dorsal and first median
plate, and 5 pairs between last anal ray and liist median plate; about 18
r;iirly large and tubercnlated ])lates on breast, some of them separated by
I row iiiterv;i)s i\\ me'ubrane with imnieions prickles. IJraiichiostegiil
■mlirane naki)! j/Osteriorly. lender side of mandible ;ind anterolateral
iirts of braiic|jiosleg;il membrane with minute plates or jjiickles; 3 o?- 1
;iioc spinous l^iiates in front of, and a number ol NHiall i)lafes and prickles
on bas6 of peclnr;il tin; the ventrolateral series sejiarated, from ventr;ils
111 ail V to J^nal, bv membrane stinlded with (» or 8 amall striated plates
III hind and 11 few around vent; the latter a little lai liter than usual from
liase (if sciitrals (as in n. iloihcdcilroii). Top of head, dorsal, .md 2 adja-
ei nf, (itrba ol' body granilliited; sptice behind pi ctoral as far back as its tip
iiaki'd. Head depresscfl, elongate, broad behind, its dejith ^ of its width,
11/' l.itter about (! in length of body. Oi bits large, oval, the longitudinal
(li;iiiieter longer than ■■^noiit. 3.4 in head, liiterorbital space wide, nearly
al to Dibit, flat between 8Ui»raocular ridges; the latter spineless, turning
almost at Hgbt angles, forming a thin saw-like transverse ridge alo/ig

Ml

nil
11

ii|i
mil

Diiiguosirt: Holly iiioilnralelv elf)in.'ate, taperini;, 8 liedral, ilejiie.s.seil : ilc^ptb aliinit J
«iilth, the latter () in lenjilh; (leiiij liroaij, iniieh depressed, tapering by eonrn\e oiilljiies
til a blunt .snout, 4g in lenglli of body, j'liilea Jli dorsal series :!.') or I.tii; b 'tween oeeipiit
ami ilrst 'lorsal, 7; between dor.sals, t: in.-ii ventnil to anal, 1" or 11 pai s. One barbel
al li|i(d'i)aeh uiaxillary; k"' iueinbr;i/ies united, free noiii i«(linMis. .\lediiin rostial plate
"iiitltiK: pa.siil .snines uilnijte: nil supnnicular or oeeipilal spi/jes. Ulivacuoiis, banded
"illi diltlit'l:; |/fc|L'fpj'alH wUk ii Of i black areas.

l1

li

%

li

¥i ' i i

'J

M

2()lrl Bullet in //, United States National Museum,

]K»8teri()rl)(irtlrr oCorliit; otcipital ridjies spiiielcHs, tniiptiral ridgo bruk.n
iuto L' or W tiilMT*;l()s, s«>iii«tiiiiUH ciidiii<;' in ii sniiill 8ii]>riiH('ii])u]ur upiiii .
Chot'lvH ut'iiily vertical, tbo suborbitul ridjje but sliglitly doveloi»ed; ii.sa
ally a spine at l«>\v«'r border of orbit, !{ or l Hiuall ones on inferior bonlr
of ])reorbitai, a iiiodcrate one on Hiiborbital, a ratbor large one, audbeiie;ii||
it, a. smaller one on the jjreoperele; 3 or 1 moderately developed plates, or is
many sinalier ones with iinnieroiis minute plates or 2>i'><'l^l*^)Ht on chei k
below ridge; nasal spines iiiiuuto, converging behinil maxillary ])edi(ii -i;
median ro'-tral ]date absent. Month obli(|ne, a little less 80 than in o.
i\mUva\h\fon,\\w lower Jaw protruding; nnixillary reaches to opposite IVmit
of pupil. Teeth present on jaws, few and small on vomer, few or none (in
palatines. One barbel at tip «»f each maxillary. Dorsals long, moderati 1\
sejtarated; anal long, beginning under posterior <'nd of first dorsal; peco-
rals \\i in length of body, their width at base IJ in their length, are round. d,
the lowernu)st rays rapidly shortening; veutrals of female a little less tlmn
2 in ]»ectt>rals, those of male much longer, reaching beyond frtmt of aiml,
longer than jtectorals; the m<'mbran<i bioad. Caudal H times as long ,is
wide at base. Color dark grayish or brownish, pale below; the yoinin
with distinct cross l>ars. a broad one in front of first dorsal, 1 under ilic
front end and 1 beliind middle of lirst dorsal, 1 l»etween dorsals, 1 umli i
second dorsal, and 2 on jjednncle; bars in<listinct in adults; dorsals du>ky,
faintly barred with darker, caudal dark; anal dark on membrane, wlnli-
edged (dark only on jiosterior end in young, as in (). (Jochail'dron) ; pet to-
rals washed with orange, 2 dark blotches near l)a8(!, the terminal i):iit
with2 (sometimes conllueiit) or 1 large dark itatch (these patches in iIk;
young ajjpeariug as partially conlluent bars, more likt^ (>. t1o(h card ran);
veutrals of femahi pale, of male bright orange yellow, with a large bl.ick
spot inside of lirst ray and 2 small ones at tii». Length 8 inches. (Oisi
of California and Oregon, south to San Francisco, in 11 to 3(5 fatliuiiis.
Here described from specimens from off the Oregon coast, (rcrriicosiin,
warty. )

linichiiojixi'i rernicomin. LocklNtiTdN, I'roc. I'. S. "Nut. Aliis..ni. Miiy (>, 1880, (W, Drakes
Bay, near San Francisco, California; .louiiAX iV (Jiliikkt, Synopsis. 7L'(!, 1883; .Inu.
DAN, Cat. Kisli.'s N. A., 114, 1885.

Auoinm (Hiaclii/oji.si.1} biirkaiii. Sieinmacii.nkh, Ichtli. lU'ilriixtMX, 'J'Ki (10), 1(1.5, Sitzlp.dir
k. A k ad. dor AViss., Lxxxii, Jiil.v 15. 1880, San Francisco, California.

2403. 0<(A IMHIKtAKDBOX* (Tilesiim).

15r. 0; 1). IX or X,7 or 8; A. M to 16; P. M or 1.5; Y.3 (1,2); C. 1,11. 1:
vertebra- 13 + 26--=;{9. Pyloric (iec.-i ,5 (1 individual). Lateral line wiili
37 or 38 poras. 15ody as far as middle of first dorsal depressed, beconihi.;
gradually compresse<' behind. Caudal peduncle short, 5 to 7 dorsal ;i!iil

* Diiijinosis : Rndy inodoratcly clongiitfl, tiiperinjr nearly uiiif'-inily from lu'iid to (mikimI,
dtiprt'8»i'(l, 8-liedral; jMHliinclo C-hedral, coinpressed j)o»ieriorl,v; m-ptli <>i body :| of widili.
the l^ttiT at base of pectorals 0 in Itinjjtli. Head broad, much deprcfsed, 4.j. I'latcs in
tlorsal scries 40; between oecii)Uf and lirst dorHal 8 or 9; between dorsals U to'i; Irnin
ventrals to aual 1^ to 15 pairs. One barbel at tip of each maxillary ; nJH nienibraiies In r.
Meifiaii rosti-al ]>lale wanting: na.sal sjiines minute, usiiall.v absent; no sui»i'aoeiil;ir nr
o((;Jl)i)al sj.ines. ISrowuish olivaceous, with several iudi.stinct cross bars; dorsal mis
with 2 black bars.

Jordan and Evcrnia>nu — Fishes of North America, 204.")

; (>!■

)W : tho voMii

G), 111. r». sit/.ii.iii I

mil

I vontriil inotlinii plates, coinprcssod, lievajioiial. Slioit lilimt spines
•-^oiit on the doisolateral series from a little in IVoiit ol" lirst dorsal to
hilo of seeotitl dorsal, none on iniMliaii dorsal plates of pediinele;

Hliarpcr spines on tlie snpeiior lateral series from near head to near eainlal ;
tin very low ridj^is of the inferior lateral and ventrolateral series hear a
li v spines near middle of hody ; plates of the median lateral (lateral
liiH ) series nearly as larye as those of the adjoininfjf series, tihont a do/en
(it the most anterior hearini* small spines; 5 or 0 pairs ^^i ])lates l»etween
\\\>\ ray of seeonil ilorsal and tirst median plate, ami ahont 5 paiis lietwi-en
l;i>i anal layaml lirst median jilate; a strong sininins rid;;e of ]»]ates from
lower end of hase of jieetoral to istlunns; asnniU median lid^ieon hreast,
(iC J small plates lu front of bases of ventrals, fidlowed anteriorly hy a.
niiilian series of 3 or 1 lar;>('r single jilates; between this and the edji;e

tl

ill

K lireast is covered with small, thin, distinct plates with nnmerons smal
tuii.icles interspersed; the hranehiostej^al membrane postericnly and
iiK'iially and anterolaterally covenMl with small plates and ])riekles;
wimle nnderside of msmdible with small plates and some ])rickles or
mill rcles; 4 or 5 large jtlates in front of, and a niiml)er of minute plates
111' |irickles on base of pe<toral tin. Membrane behind ami around vent
mill lietween vent and ventrals with a variable number of small plates,
lint mostly with niinierons prickles or tnherdes. Vent a little farther
it'iiiiived from Itase of ventrals than usual in the Agonoids. An (dongate
tiiiiiigiilar space behind pectoral, l»etw<'en the inferior and ventrolateral
^1 riis, naked. Top of head, median dorsal, and 2 adjacent faces of Itody
^iiiiMilated. Head iiiiieh dei)ressed, broad behind, tapering, its (h'pth :■{
lis width, the latter about ^■> in length of body. Orbits small, ?iearly eir-
ciihir, the longitudinal diameter a little more than 1 in head; interorbital
space concave, wide, e(|nal to snout, nearly e([iial to orbit; supraocular,
nil ipital, aiMl tein])oral ridges low, 8pin<d<ss; (heeks nearly vortical, snb-
orliital ridge hardly developed, spineless; a large, heavy tiiberehi (»r
spine projecting from preoper<le at an angle of 45 ; ludow this 1 or 2
ilat small ones; no plates on cheeks; month very oblique, maxillary
roarhing front of pupil; teeth in hands on jaws, vomer, and palatines.
Ddisals long, their membranes sometimes continiions; anal very long,
lii'uiiining a little behind middle of lirst dorsal; pectorals a little more
than 4 in length of body, their base 3.1 in their length, with 14 or 15
i;Ta(iiiat<'d rays (a few of the ii])permost shorter); ventrals of female
about ,',,- those of male; the latter less than 2 in pectorals, about [, of
head ; caudal 3 times as long as wide at base. Color brownish olivace<nis,
pall' below; a mncli-interriipted, indefinite dark band fnmi angle of
iiioiitii, under orbit, across preopercles, above pectorals, and along lateral
line; a fe\ 'iidistinct cross bars on back; dorsals with a broad dark band
along the edg^^ and a parallel ontf across the miihlle, otherwise white;
lanhil dusky; anal dusky near the posterior end; pectorals transversely
liaiii'd by about G series of black points or short streaks ou rays; ventrals
prli in female, the membrane blac'' in male; head and lips with nnmer-
iiiis minute black spots and streaks. North Ta<ilie, Kamchatka, so.ith to

liiistnl 15ay, coast of Alaska, in 10 to 15 fathoms. (Gilbert.) Here

204(i Biillvtin /7, Uuihd States National }ruseiim.

<lf'.scril)o»l from sjiciiiiu'iis from ISristol Hiiy, (i^MfifHarfifjof, hiiviiif,' ij
NurCiUiCH or wiih^K. )
On these HjxicinuMis Dr. (Jillicrt luis the followiii^j notes :
'' A few Hj)tM-inienH taken in IJrislol May in I A to 1 1 fathoms. Ii. 'lalos tlio
colors are niiicli brighter tlian in females, roealiinju (>. vernKosu. ri;,.
bars ou dorsal lina are, in males, intense lilack and liri;>ht white, insti ;i(|
of oliv*^ brown iind whitish as in i'emales; males show also a hiryer bl.n |>
patch on last anal rays, and have the interradial membrane of ventral p i-
black ; in none of onr si)eeimens does the caudal lin show transverse lims
of brown points, as deseribed by Cuvier; in both males and females ilic
caudal is dusky or black, the median rays lijjliter, the outer ones wliic.
]). IX or X, 7 or S; A. 11 to 10." {fiiol^F.ua, twehe; '/Spa, surface, sid(> )

AflonuHdodi'eaidro)), Tii.ksids, ^^(•nl. Ac ii<l. PcsIiihIi., iv, pi. Ill, 1810, Kamchatka ((;<>11.\\ T

■rilcsius); (ICxTlu-.li.Ciil.. U. 214, 18(10.
VlinlanijinteK luriratux, I'ai.i.as. /ooj;. Uosso-Asial., ui, 114, tnl'. 10, 181 1, Kamchatka.
Agjiiilnplionis iliKliriK'il ni>i, CVVIKM \ Vai.k\(MKNNi:s, Mist. Nul. INtiHS,. iv, 209, 18'J9.
Jlrarhi/ojimn (todecavdi-ut, Jokdan \- (iu.iiEUT, SyiiopBi-s, 72U, 1883.

ig !

764. BRACHYOPSIS, Gill.

llrnehiinpniii, Gu,T„ Troc. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liila., xm, 1861, 1('«7, 'JnO (rdilrntim).
.Siy»/i(r.'/o//".v, STKi.SDACiiNiiR, Iclilh. licit liij't'. V, 140, Sit/.b. Acail. Wiss. Wieii, i.xxiv, ,liily.
ISTC) {nciinliriisis).

l'>ody moderately elongate, ta])orinf? nearly uniformly from head to < mi
dal ; depressed, 8-hedral ((i-hedral on jjcduncle); depth about H, wiilili
about (5 in length; he.id broad, dei)ressed, about l.i to 5 in standard leiinih.
Snout loufj, almost tubular, beariuj; the short jaws at the end. I'lat( s in
dorsal series about 'My to 10 ormon^; a barbel at tip of each maxilln \ ;
median rostral ]tlate none; nasal spines minute or abstnit; sujjraoc iilm
and occipital 8i)!nes none; gill membranes united, free fronj isthmus; iinnl
tin long, with \2 or 115 lays, tlist dors.il usually long; mouth oblii|iic,
lower Jaw proJc<!ting; teeth ])r(seut ou ,|aw8, vomer, and palatines; ;it
least some of the plates on body 8i)iuous; plates on lireast usually witii
interspersed small prickles or tubercles, {/jfjaxi'c, short; o^;/?, face.)

a. Anal rays II!; dorsal .si)iiii'.s 8; Ixxly Ciwilbnii, lii-oad -it the breast, tlio (ail \ii\
slender. Itosi'liATls, .'|ii(

(((( Anal r.iys I'J; body Hlendcr; eye beliind middle at' liend : 'J s|iines nn Hiiborbltal.

SKdAI.IEXSlS, ■JIO.'..

240t. iniAniVOPSIS UOSrU.iTIIS* (lilesins).

Br. fi; D VIII, 8; A. 1:5; CIO; IMI; V, I. 2. Body more elongate tlinn
in Af/oiiiis citlaphracius, tin; tail very slemler, the body distinctl.v fusilniin,

* Diatinosis. Later.'il line 1(6. i'ody more Cnsiforni ih^iii in oilier sjieeies of lliis ;;eiiii-
voi'y robust in Ironl ol llie middle, (apeiinj: to lln slender tail. Head trian^iulai' ;iiiil
pojiited, as seen Imm above, tlie mouth ([oite narrow; eyes small, well forward; ImikI
»!oiisider;'.bly il('|iieswd. snout williout spine: a short lia|i at anjjle oCmoulh; sealo mil
very ron;;li u'l' membianes IVe«< frmn i>thmus; velitrals (piite sIkhI ; breast wilii a
median row of raised eon\ ex jilati-s; a I'ow ol' similar plates boiileriii}; edjie of jjill o|M'1i
inir. the three series Innni k a /1\sliai>Hd ti;:ur(\ the iiitersliees tilled with very siii;ill
plates. This diagnosis IVoiil I?eiin;i' >e;i specimeim obtained by Dr. Hean. (Jorihiii \
(iilbirl 1

II m.

Jordan and Everniann. — Fishes of North America. 2047

{/3o?, hnviii^ IJ

8. In 'inlC'8 tllO

rerriKoxo, The
t, white, insti ;iil
o a liii'K^T 1>1;m Iv
o of venti-iil pt-

triinHxcirso lim is
ami I'lUiialcs tin'
iit«r ones wliiic.

SUlfiU'C, Hi(l«' )

nchatka(Coll.\\ T

Kamchatka.

, iv,2(t9, 18'J9.

tl(X).

1. Wien, lAXiv, .liilv,

rom hoad <•> i mh

1 about H, wiilili

standard lenuili.

o end. Plates in

■ each iiiiixill:ii v;

nt; sn])rai)(iil:ir

Ml isthmus; iimil

niiiuth ol)lii|iie,

nd palatines; ;it

ist usually with

; nt/.u^, I'ac'o.)

iviist, tin) tail viiv

KOSTliA'lTS, _'lii|

I's (III HiilHirliit:il.

SK.d.M.IENSIS, L'lO'i.

iro olouf^atc IIimii
stinctlv fusiroiiii.

IiericH of tliis ;;ciin>
Ile:iil triiMi;;nliir :niil
. well forwiird ; luMcl
if iiioiil li ; scale- iiiil
KHi ; Id-cast. Willi :i
i;: cil;;c of ^iill <'|itii
Icil witli viM'V smimII
I-. r.i^aii. (ildrilini .v

widest between pentoralH; mouth short ohliqiie, the maxillary not renchiuf^
to below eye; profile Htrai;;ht, cranium thit abov<!, the eyes (irominent; no
^|)iIles on tlie orbit; preopendo with ',i spines ou its vertical inarjrin; li
Dii the iow(!r bonier of the larye suborbital ; trunk K-anji;led ; tail (!-anf;led.
riates more uumeroiis than in Ai/onitH, 10 on (>aeh upper range from nape
to point of their union ; numberH in the otlier rows in proportion ; np|)cr
series with tlieir ritlges rather sharp, lower with obtuse ridj^es; 2 series
of abdomen separtited by dilataltle sltin; no barbels on gill moml»raneH.
I'eetoralH longer and dorsals farther ba«d\ than in <). dodrcardron or rodolln-
<iiH acipiiimrhnis, Lower rays of pectoral larger than the others; anal
longer tlian second dorsal, beginning under midtlle of first dorsal; leugtli
It) inelu's. (Tilesiiis, a8(|Uoted by Cnvier »fe Valenciennes.) The ligure of
IMIesins shows a tubular eoni]»re88od snout, witli the short mouth at the
end and a very wide back, mesially concave. Speeimens from I'etropaul-
ski have the eye 2! iii snout; mandible 24 inh jkI; maxillary IV ; snout!};
pectoral nearly as long as head; breast with large plates in 3 dividing
rows, with smaller ones between. Tail v«'ry slender, not spinous; body
1 hubby, the greatest width 2J, greatest depth 2^ in head; head nearly 5
ill body. Scales 44. Teeth minute. The species is iuterniediate in form
between Ovra dodeoavdroii and PaUimiia harhala. Several specdmens from
Sliaiia Hay, Ituru]) Island, show the following characters: Dorsal face
wider than in either and deeidy concave; snout elongate, (lepressed, its
width tiiken at middle of its length A greater than its de])th iit same point,
iiid A its length, measured from tip of lower Jaw; lower Jaw much longer
I ban upper, the synii)hysi8 «'ntering upper ]»iolile of snout, vertically fur-
rowed at tij); maxillary not reaching orbit, 4 in hea<l; pieorbital elongate,
with a lengthwise ridge which divides anteriorly, the branches not ter-
iniuatiug in 8])ines, the edge of preorbital entire; anterior nostril in a
sii(u-t tube. Teeth all minute, ]»i'escnt on jaws and vomer, oiten absent
nil palatines, sometimes present iu a small patch on extreme anterior end.
Suborbital stay without sjiiiie, forming a gibbous striated prottibcranc<»
nil middle of cheek, b«it\veeii which and the horizontal edge of preojienle
is a series of three or four small plates; 2 strong diverging spines at
angle of preopcrcle; io shorter spine below them; orbital margins ele-
vated superiorly and jiosteriorly ; interorbital sptice very narrow, grooved
and loiigitiuiiually striated, its width etiualling k diameter of orbit, which
is t) in head; no spines on to]) of head, the ridges low and rounded.
Head 4 if to 4§ in length; width of body 81, to 8A ; length of caudal i>ed-
iinelo I5i to 4. Hody anteriorly liex:igoiial, the iijijier lateral lidge becom-
ing obselete imniediatily in trout of spinous <lorsal; lower lateral ridges
also becoming rounded and obs(descent anteriorly; dorsal face widening
rapidly from occiput to front of 8i)inoiis dorsal where its width equals
snout; it gradually narrows ])osteriorly, the dorsal ridges lieeoming con-
llneut at a jioiiit much nearer base of caudal than end of s«'eond dorsal;
\entral ridges spineless, the lateral ridges with short spinous points, often
ilistinguisliable witii ditliculty; dorsal acrii's anteriorly with stronger
spines which rapidly diiniiiisli postei ioriy ; branchiostegal and gular
uiembraues without plates; plates on body without the luiuute prickles

1|

p ,

2048 DnJlctin ^7, Uuiled Stales National Museum.

Is*

I: I

f ^

•3

HO chariK'tt^riHtic of Ocva vnriioom nnd O, dodrcardrou ; breast covered wllli
]>oly)r()UuI pliitt-H, II H<;ri(!H rieviitud to i'oriii a iiitMliiin ridge, the marginal
jdati's alHo ]iroiiiin<-nt ; ])r(>])u<'toral area wulo, with 4 prominent platen,
tlir up)MM'nioHt hearing a niiort Hpiiie poHti-riorly ; in the dornal Heries ol
platcH, 10 lir in advanru of lirut ilorHul, 11 between orlgiiiH of iirnt and
Hecond dorHals, !> or 10 along haHc of second dorsal, 0 to 0 between second
dorsal and the point of continence of the dorsal series, and fy to 7 between
the latter point and base of candal; total nnnilicr of plates in dorsiil
series 48 to 45, in (> s])cciniens examined. Pectorals long and narrow, 1 j in
head; dorsal with H (rarely 5t) spines and H soft rays; anal witli IH (rarely
14) rays; p<'Ctoral witli 14 rays. Color dnsky abov*-, marked with small
black spots and lines; white below, growing dusky posteriorly; caudal
blackish; ventrals white; anal white, with the last rays dusky; dorsals
and pectorals with the rays tinely dotted with black. North Pacific,
recorded from Waghalicn, (iulf of Auiva, Petropaulski, and the Kuiil
Islands. (j'08/ra/H«, pertaining to the roHlntm or snout; "not because it
has a beak, but because its head and snout are more contracted than in
the others.'')

Ayonng rontratnn, Tn.ESU's, M6in. Acad. Petorsb., iv, 1810, i>l. 14, Saghalten, Gulf of

Aniva. (Coll. TilesliiH.)
rhalanyinti's fvni/ormiii, Pai.i.AS, Zoitg. KossoAsiat., iii, 110, 1811, Saghalien, Gulf of

Aniva; Kuril Islands. (Coll. Stellt-r & Murk.)
Agoiivt roifratug, (U-NTnEK, Cat., n, 214, 18C0.

Axpidiiphorvii roitratii^, CrviKii &, Vai.encien.nes, Hist. Xat. PoiHs., iv, 2iJ, 1820.
Jtraclnj(>p»i.i rostratus, JouUAN \- UlLiiEUT, Syiioiisis, 726, 1883; Juki>an, Cat. FiMbea N.

A., li:t, 1885. *

2405. BIUCIIYOrSIS NEOALIENSIS (Tilcsius).

D.VII,8; A. 12; C. 10; P. 14; V. I, 2. Form resembling Brachifopm
roKtratuK, but the tail shorter ; body depressed ; eye behind middle of head ;
2 spines on suborbital, and some others about eyes; dorsals coutiguous;
anal longer than second dorsal; pectorals large; no barbels under thi'oat;
gill membranes .and barbels at chin uiulescribed, jtrobably as in Urachji-
opsia ro&lratiiH, Yellowish brown; tins with black bands. Length 7
inches. Island of .Saghaliou. (Cuvier Sl Valenciennes.) Not seen by
recent writers. (Name from .Saghalien.)

Syngnatlms Bf<nilinwin. Tilksrs, Miin. Soo. Imp. Nat. dt^ Moscow, u, 216, pi. 14, 1810, Bay of

Patience, Saghalien. (Coll. KruHfnstcrn.)
Siphaiiiimts si'ijaUiiiuin. SrKiND.^ouNHU, Iciitli. Heitriige, v, 140, and Sit7.1>. dor k.Acad. der

AVis8.,LXXlv.,1870; .Ioudan i!k: (Ju.llKKT, Synopsis, 72;!, 1S8,3.
Agonus Iwviijatiity Tii.SisiUS, Mi'in. Acad. IVtersb., IV, 4:te, 1810, Saghalien; ('I'VUiU &, Va-

I.KNCIKNNKS, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., IV, 214, 1829.
Phalanyistes Iceinyattm, Pai.las, Zooj;. llosso-Asint., in, 116, 1811.

765. PALLASINA,* Cramer.
PaUasina, Chameb, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, SI.") (harhata).

Form of Siivgnathiia or Siphoitonui; body slender, depressed; 4-hcdral
anteriorly, 8-hedral under dorsals ; 6-hedral on peduncle; snout produced

* TIic iioims Sljihaiiiiinin, Steindaclincr, was expressly based on Agoiiun it'i/alieiiKis. 'J'lic
iiaiue cau nut bu usud t'ur this group.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2040

■ovcreil ■\vitli
\w marginal
iient pliites,
Sill Heries «il
of lirst and
ween second
to 7 lietweni
IcH in «lorsal
narrow, \\ in
itli 13 (nurlv
1(1 with BJiiall
iorly; caiulal
iisky; (lorHals
lorth I'atilic,
nd the Kuril
lot because it
ftcti'd than in

ghalien, Gulf of
ighalien, Gulf of

1 2, 1820.

N, Cat. FisboB N.

g JimehyopsiH
idtlle of head ;
H contiguous ;
under throat;
as in ISrachji-
IH. Length 7
Not seen by

,])1. lJ,1810,Bayof
il.r k. Acad, dor
:n; ('uvncii Jt Va-

'essed; 4-hodral
snout produced

ill a tube; lower .jaw projecting beyond upper, tiiniod upward at tip, a
long barbel at the symphysis; teetti on Jaws and vomer, a single row on
|)al)itine8; gill membranes free from isthmus, united; both dorsals present;
\entrals very short; jdatesof body sliglitly l<eelod, without spines; verte-
iua' about 1.'). (Named lor I'etnis Siuutn Pallas, naturalist and explorer,
t lie accomplished author of Zoogra()hia Rosso- Asiatica, 1811.)

(/. 'rhri'o iilales In front ol vcnlriilM; linrhcl long.
iia. Two plutvH in front nf vontriilH; Imrbol nhort.

am. l>ALIiA^il.^A ltAltl(ATA(St)Mn(1.ic1incr).

IIARRATA, 240(1.
AIX,2407.

untt'liaueiixu.

Tlif

Wr.r,; D. VI to IX, 7; A. l»tolL>; V. 12; V.:}(I,2); C. 11; lateral line 1.5
<>r 1(5; vertebiic l.">-j- 80=:|,''). Pyloric ca-ca fi (1 individual). IJody slightly
ilepn-ssed in front, (lejitli at base of pectorals {* ur 7 of wi<llli, slender,
width about 11 in length. Hidges of tlu^ (h)r8o and ventro lateral series
strong, the dorsal ."ind lateral lialvesof tlie plates form a riglit angle; no
lidgc on the inferior lateral row and tlie plates of the superior lateral row
aliseut anteriorly, so that the body is l-hedral in front of first dorsal, with
dnrsal and ventral faces Hat or a little C(uicavo and the lateral convex.
I'lider first dorsal, the sujierior lateiiil series begins with keeled pl.-ites, the
I idge of the inferior lateral series becoming more prominent, so that under
the dorsals the body is 8-hedral; dorsal !ind ventral faces grooved, and
depth equaling length. Caiuial ]tediinclo strongly depressed, nearly
l-hedral (median dorsal and ventral ridges extremely low); 15 or 16 plates
in the dorsal series, 4 pairs between dorsals, 12 to 13 pairs from veiitrals
to anal, 5 to i) paiis between last ray of s(>cond dorsal and lirst median
ventral plate; 3 or 1 large plates in a median longitiidiiiiil row on breast,
Avitli about 1 row of 4 or 5 small ones between it and the series forming
I ho edge of breast; plates radially striated and a little elevated a^ the
center; none h<'tweeu ventrals and vent. Membrane behind vent without
l)lates (or as many sis Ifl, Steinda(diner's excellent ligiire). liianchiostegal
iiieinbraue naked posteriorly, 2 01 3 i)lates antendateially. Narrow nude
surface of lower jaw with a series of several jilates; 2 or 3 plates in front
iif pectoral. Hciid very long iind narrow, gently tapering, nearly as high
■ IS wide. Orbits nearly circular, the longitudinal diameter about 5^ in
head and 2 in snout. Inti'rorbital sp.ice moderately concave, nearly 2 in
orbit. Supraocular ridges moderate, occipit.il ridges scarcely delined,
triiiporal ridges moderate, all s]»ineless; no suborbital ridge; suborbital
liniie s])iiitdess; a sharp spine at posterior angle of preoperde and 2 smaller
Hat ones b»dow this; a longitudinal series of 4 or Spo.iily developed plates
(Ml lower part of cheek, 'letween the long horizontal limb of preopercle
and orbit. Snout long, tt'bulai, about 2.4 in head. Prontal bones much
( lougatcdforwai'd, an additional bony plate in front of preorbitaland over-
hanging the maxillary; se\fral small plates in membranaceous interval
lietwecn pieorbital and frontal in front of orbit. Posterior inferior
nngh' of maxillary produeiMl backward, reaching a little more than halt-
way to orbit. Median rostral plate absent. Lower Jaw long, curved
upward in front, projecting beyond the upper and entering profile; mouth
oblique. Teeth in narrow bauils on Jaws and vomer, about 1 row on pal-

flf-

L'OfiO Ihdlitin /7, Unikd Slaks National Museum.

;i

atiiirB (Strhuliirliii) r uiipiiDMitly hjiw ii(>ih> on palatiiifN). A siii){lo hm -
li(!l of viiriiililt' length (Hoini-timi>H twice im loii^ as, Noin<-tiinrs Ichh than
diuiiifttii' of orliit) at ti|i of lower Jaw. (iill iiK'inlMaiiiH iiiiiti'il Imhiml,
IViM^ from iHtliiniiH. First tloisal with VI pairs of platHH botwcni it ami
the occiput; anal h'lig, iir^rinnin.!; iintler mi<l<lli> of (iiHt tloiHuI; raiulnl
alxiut :< tinx-H iih loii}r as wide at Itasi-; pcrtoraJH lon^;, r»f to '>( in
lioii.v, width at tiuMr linHO alioiit t in their !en>;tli; vinitrals al>oiit :i
in (lecttoralH an<l I in liead in I'eniale, 'J in ])eet()i'als anil 2ij in head
in inalo. Oidor roddish <n' ;;ra,\ ish Imtwn with innnnieraltio minute
Idaeii Hpots; ventral NMrface paio, IVoni iVont of anal to I'ainlal pro
;;i'essivelv darker with ndnute lilaek spotH; a dark Itand oxtends alon<;
the side of Hnout, across orbit ami ])reoperele, nnd alon^ the nido of liod\,
dyin^ ont posteriorly; anterior dorsal dnsky, darkor behind; Heccnnl dor
sal indednitely oross-banded with short streaks of darkerini rayH; eandal
dnsky; pectoral pale, iiulelinitoiy bantied with short streaks of darker on
rays; vcntrals jtale in lioth sexes; anal ]»alo. Vertebral eolnnin (of n
sinprle H])ucinu-n) with 15 abdoniimil and :<() eandal (imlndin;; hypnia!)
vertebra'. North Taeilie, south to Japan and Ore^^on. The specimens
here described from Hristcd \\\\y (ii»\\, Albah-onn) \ .Japan (Steindacluier) ;
Arctic Ocean near Heriiif; Strait (W..1. IMsher, Steindaehncr) ; Herinfj Sea,
Bristol Hay* ((Jilbert); (Tarcinsky May (Harrett-Ilamilton); PortClar
(Slice, Alaska (Sco(ield).t A variable species. Lenjrth of l<nijj;est specimen
examined by ns 5^ inches, {harlntlua, jirovided with a barbel.)

Siiiliaijoiiiis hiirhahiB, Strinkacmnkii, Iclilli. Il('ilii'i;;i>, v, 1 10, tut'. 5, Sit/I>. dcr k. Arnil. (In-
WIhh., Lxxiv, July, 1870; Joudan &, (tiutiiKT, Syiuipsis, Ti;5, IHS'd; JoitDA.N, t.'iil.,'li:;
1885.

a»07. I'ATLASINA AIX, SfiirkH.

m

h

TTead from tip of snont, 1 in body; depth :5A in head. 1>. VIT. 7; A. 11 :
r. 11; eyer>i^ ill liead. Month r.ither (ddi(|ne, the lower jaw much projeit

* Dr. Gilbert aotra sjn^rimoiis from inuiionins stations in Mristol liny in 4J t(>70 I'litlionis
The (link band on siiliss is ot'toii vrrv stronji^ly inarkiMl; tlii! Iiarhtd varies much in li'n;;tli.
I). VII to VI 11,0 to 8; A. 9 to fJ.

f Mr. Scolicid ;;iv('s tiie following note on 6 Hpociniens taken at Port ClnnMicfi, Aliml<ii,
avoraiiiuK aliont 0 inches in Iciinlli. We liavo t'oni))ai'*'il tlieni with Hpcciniens of 1'. bar
hula I'roin liristiil Hay, AhiKkii, and tind our' Rp(ii'initMi.s havtt a much longer harliol and
sliKhtly lonijer pfctoraJH. In all other points thuy appear to he t ho same. The barhil is
i distance I'roin tip of lowcr.jaw to ed;i(( of Kill uienil)rane. The 'J dorsals vaiy in tluir
distance from each other. In 1 specimen they touch, in the others th;'y vary in (list. nice
tlie width of 1 or 2 plates. Kollowiiifj; is the'lin formula of the siHM-imens. These sjicci
mens show a sexual ditlerence. The fenmles have shorter ventrals and a lower smaller
tlrnt dorsal tlian the nuiles. The lirnt dorsid. too, is withuiit colur. The mules have larger
ventral tiud uud a large darkly colored lirst dorsal ;

Dorsal. Anal.

Pecto-
ral.

Sex.

V,7

10

12

9

VIII. 7

10

12

rr

VI. 7

8

12

9

VII, 7

9

12

rf

VIII, 0

10

12

cf

V,0

10

13

9

Ilemarka.

The anal injured.

Jordan aud F.vcnnonn. — Fishes of North Awrrica. 2051

ill);; ii|ipi>r iil^r (if maxillary Hlippiiif; iiikIit iiiioiltital tVtr its wlinin
li-M^tli. ItH ))(mli>riiir i'ikI iiiiilwity ImIwi'im tip of NiiDiit and iiiiildir ul'iyi';
villiturin t«>rtli mi jawH anil voiikt, homo apiianiitly on palatiiii-H; luwrr
Jaw with a IIcmIiv tip. Mcarccly proiliiciMl into a liaiNcl. wraitrly as lonj; an
(lidiiiidi r of ]iiipil ; siipraorliilal riiii piniiiinint, niakiii^i tlio iiitvrurliital
Hjiacf drcply (■(•iKUVc; width nf tlio lattrr alxiiit i <'y<'; li lidjii-s from tin-
iniM^r i'd<ri>H of Hiipraurldtal rim run hackwaid, ami iiir loiitiiiiioiiH with
doiHal ridjji'H i>f l>i>d.\ ; (mIjji' of jin-ojicrclf with It s|iiin's, tin iniilillr ono tin-
larj^i'Ht. 'i'wo lar^rr im-diaii plalcH in fiont ■ i vtntralM on l>r<'ast, a row of
piati'H aloii); rach lateral rid;;<> of lir<>aHt, a la^^)■ plate on earh Hide of tlie
iiiiioi) lietwrrn lirHt and Heeond median plates, and lieliind tliein a row of
small ))lateH irregular in si/e and position, sonmtimeH eontinnoiis and inter-
jiosed liotwueii median .iiid lateral )>lateH, and Hoiiietinieri allowing tlie
(MlneM of imdian and lateral plates to lonch; II or lli plates in front of
dorsal; spinmiH dorsal oti !' or 10 jdates, eoiintinu to end of nieml(rane;
laliral lino lit. Sjiaeti lietweeii dorsal rid^jes stroiiji;ly eonea\e, the ridf^es
rominjr to^t>ther on eaiidal pediinrh>, Ixit not uniting, eontiniiing parallel
for u short distant e, . and then liecomin^' olisolete ; njijier lateral ridge end-
ing anteriorly on about the twelfth plate from head, hast layH of dorsal
and anal eonneetnd to the liodv l)y a memluane; sjtaee lietween dorsals
iilioiit equal to the width of .1 plate; t'ront of anal midway lietweiMi pos-
terior «md of maxillary and liasc id" eand.il; jicetoral rea( hiny just past
front of spiiunis dorsal; \eiit distant an lye's diameter from liase of veii-
trals; liMi;>,'th of (Miidal e(|nal to head hehiml anterior rid<>;e ol' pupil.
Color hlaekish, with line jmnilnlations; helly white; a light streak riiii-
iiing iiackward from eye to upper edg«Mtf gill opening; lielow this an .area
scarcely so wide as eye, darker than the rest of 'mmIv, its lower edge
sh.'irply delined against the whilo under ji.irts of head; chin idack ; dor-
sals and candal dusky ; jiectorals light, the rays with many idack spots
which do not involve the meniiir.iiie; ventrals .iiid an.il white. This
sjiticies dill'ers from VnUax'tmi harhuht in having a much shorter liarhel on
chin, in having 2 median ]ilates in front of ventrals in ]daee (d' 3, and in
having the plates iietween the mediitn and lateral plates inntdi Hinalhu'
and less regnl.ir in arrangement. In /'. htiilnihi these jdates are ahoiit .as
huge as the median jdates and always interjiosed Iietween them and lat-
eral jilates, the arrangement lieing constant. The alidominal ridges are
generally closer together in /'. ni.r than in the northern sjiecies. Piiget
Sound to the Aleutian* Islands; taken with the seine in great aliiind.'inee
in Piigot Sound, near Port liiuUow; the largest nearly .""i int-hes in length,
the otlieia alioiit It. (d/?, a goat, from the pointiMl heard, or d / = . a d.irter,
from the slender form.)

rnlliigina al.r. Stauks, Prcic. Cal. Ac. Sci. 18!)6, .'i.'iS, 111.75, Puget Sound, near Port Lud-
low, Washington, (lype, No. 5040, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mas. Coll. V,. (,'. Stnrks.)

*Two Miiiall HiKM'iineiiH wci-c taken by l>r. (iillicrt iilCliifinik IJ.iy, .Maskii. Concerning
tiicac he veiiinrks: " Wo liav(! ciiin|)arc(l tlicMc Hjicciincns willi the types of I'allai^ina iiix
and can find no irood dltVcrences. due oC our hiiccIiikmim has I! median i)lati-s in tlio t'ront
of the ventrals, tlic otiier '_'. (Our Hiieriineiis of /'. Iiarbiitd have cither I! or 2 nipdian
jilfitcs ill front of the vcnirals.) A few (if the tviics have I'J iiectoral rays, hut the
majority have 11. l'"in formula: i). VII, 0; A. 10; 1'. I'J. D. VII, G; A. 9; I'. 12."

IMAGE EVALUATION
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Sciences

Cbrporalion

23 WiST MAIN STREIY

WEBSTeR,N.Y. MSSO

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2052 Bidlctm ^7, United States National Musetim.

766. LEPTAGONUS, Gill.
Leptagonus, OiLL, rroc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila., xiii, 1861, 107, 259 (Kjniingiiigimufi—deeaftfmux).

Body taper! 11};. depivssed; head about 5i\^; depth 7^ to 9; wi Jth 6^^ to 8
ill total len^rth. IMates in dorsal ai-rioH 40 to 11 ; 5 to 6 pairs between occi-
put and iirst dorsal; both dorsals prest^nt; month inferior, snout macb
projoctiiii;; fcefb on )>otb jaws, jtrobably none on vomer or palatines; 5
pairs ofltarbcls about month; none under tip of snout; 1 pair of recurved
spines at tip of snout ; 1 pair of supraocular and I pair of occipital spint'S.
Gill membranes joined to isthmus. (AcTrrd?, slender; Agontia.)

fry

240S. LKPTOCJONUS DKrA«OMIS* (Hlocli & Scliiieidor).

]?r. G; D. V to VII, 5 to 8; A. 6 to 8; P. 11 to 16; V. I, 2; C. 24. llody
distinctly more slonder than in A, catajthractiia ; its greatest breadth, over
base of pectorals, aViont (U to 8 times, and greatest height, at the third
pair of dorsal plates, about 7^ to 9 in total b-ngth, hence but little de-
pressed. Vent nearer base of vontrals than in A. calaphmctua; about 2
pairs of plater from vent to ventrals (no plates medially between them),
and 9 pairs from vent to anal fin. Distance from tip of snout to vent abor.t
4 in total length. Body anteriorly nearly oval, angular; abdominal
region relatively shorter and tail, relatively longer than in A. caiap^tractiia.
Body octagonal ; tail hexagonal, depressed, its ventral keel quiteprominent.
Kidges on plates of body and their backwardly directed spines more prom-
iiuMit than in A. calaphraclita. Keels of the superior and inferior lateral
series especially sharp «m tail ; .'> or 6 pairs of plates from head to first
dorsal, and 10 to 13 pairs between ventrals and anal; from ant«'rior end of
first dorsal to poi.it of union of the dorsal pairs behind second dorsal
about 22 pairs, thence to base of caudal 14 to 17 median jilates. Head
about as broad as deep, the breadth about 1^ in its length ; head about 5^^
or somewhat more in total length, much narrowed anteriorly. Snout pro-
jecting beyond premaxillaries, lower jaw included; a pair of short
upwardly and ba(;kwardly directed spines near tip of snoat; a iiair of
strong supraocular and 1 of occipital spines; interorbital space consid-
erably leas than longitudinal diameter of orbit; preorbital not covering
upper jaw; suborbital without prominent spine; no barbels 'inder tip of
snout; mouth somewhat larger than in A, cataphractus, maxillary nearly
reaching anterior edge of orbit; 5 pairs of barbels, 1 near and 2 at tip of
maxillary, 1 near angle of mouth, and 1 (bifurcate) out on side on lower
jaw; none on branchiostegal membrane. Orbits quite large, their longi-
tudinal diameter about 4 in hea<l. Preopercle with 2 quite small spines,
1 at its posterior ai.gle, the other below this, and 1 or 2 smaller ones below
these; opurcle unarmed. Branchiostegal rays 6. Teeth fewer than in

* Piatniosis : Body tapering, octagonal anteriorly, liexagonal posteriorly, a little de-
pressed, ItH lieightYi to 9, and its breadtli 6J to 8 in total length. HeadS^; pectorals equal
to head. Plates in 'dorsal series 44, sometimes 41-43; from occiput to first dorsal 5-6;
between ventrals and anal 10-13; between dorsals 6 or 7; 6 jiairs of barbels, 3 on maxil-
lary, 1 near angle of moutli, and 1 (bifurcate) on lower jaw; 1 pair recurved spines near
tip of snout; I pair supraocular and 1 of occi pi ta\ spines. Teeth on jaws. Gill mem-
branes joined to isthmus. Yellowish grav. witli 2 cr 3 cross bands, ptue below. Ji.O: 1
D ^-7;'2D.5to8i A..6t«8; P.14tol6; V.3(l-2); C.2-9-U + 2.

Jordan and Evcrinann. — Fishes of North America. 2053

-(leeafionux).

iJth 6i to 8
twoen occi-
nont macb
alatines; 5
)f rocurviid
ital spines.
I

21. liody
eadth, over
t the third
t little de-
s; about 2
een them),
vent abor.t
abdominal
tap^racfns.
[irominent.
noro proni-
ior liitoial
Bad to lirst
rior end oi"
:)nd dorsal
tea. Head
d abont 5^
Snont pro-
of short
a iiair of
ice consid-
t covering
nd«^r tip of
iiry nearly
2 at tip of
0 on lower
lieir lonjiji-
all spines,
mes below
r than in

a littlo de-
torala equal
i dorsal 5-6;

3 on maxil-

spinea near

Gill mem-

ow. B.6; 1

A. calaphrarlUH, present on jaws. First dorsal, with 6 or 7 jdates between
it and oi-ci]>Mt, 'vith ~t to 7, nsually 5 or (!, H])ine8, its length consit'-Mably
more than its heij^ht ; third and fourth rays lon;r(,.st ; second dorsal distant
from first about I the length of either <iu, with 5 to 8, usually 6 or 7, rays,
a little bliorter but Honiewhaf higher than first dorsal; anal (in with nearly A
its length in front of first ray of se<'«»ud dorsal and ending a little behind
the nnddlu of th" latter is somewhat higher than this and with (i to 8, nsually
7, rays; pectoral tin, about as long as head, with 11 to U), nsually 14 or
15, simple rays; ventral tin short, a little nu)re than i of pectoral, rays
:{(!, 2), the 2 soft rays of about equal length; caudal narrow and long,
about 3 in total length, with "J 'ong rays, and on each sidti 2 »»r ii short
ones. Lateral line, i»ores 2S to li5 ('"ollett), .30 (Kroyer). Color yellowish
gray, with 2 or 3 largt^ grayish brown jtatehes forming indeli.iit(^ cross
bauds, l.rst abov«> Jtase of i)cctorals, second under posterior part of first
dorsal, and thi"-*! under middle of second dorsal; between these smaller
indefinite patches and cloudings; fins, especially pectorals and caudal,
brownish Idack toward tlieir tij»s; ventral surface giayish yellow; on
each side of hea<l a <iuite broad black baud from tip of snout across orbit
and prcopercle. Males larer than females (Collett), distinguished by hav-
ing outer soft ray of ventral fin about twice as long as inner, mom than ^
of pectorals. Young (according to Steenstru]* and Liitken) with a shorter
and thicker body, its 'oreadth about 7 in total length, tail compress«^d.
Head broader and .anteriorly blunter, with somewhat oblique mouth and
lower Jaw ]»rojecting beyond upper. Keels of plates strongly developed^
with sharp backwardly directed spim-s; longitudinal keels on upper
and nnder sid(i of tail distinctly double. Pectoral and ventral tins ])ro-
portionately longer. Vent lies farther back, between fifth or t^veii eighth
pair of ventral plates, Arctic Ocean, south to Newfoundland and Nor-
way ; recorded from northern coast of Norway, east and west of North
Cape, but not south of 70 ' N. lat., Spitzbc^rgen and west of these islands,
between them and IJeeren Island, and between this and Norway ((Jolh'tt) ;
Faroe Islands and Iceland (Liitken); Greenland, spreading .as far south
as Newfoundland with the C(dd o«ean currents. Dr. Keinhardt h.is
shown that the fish described as CottuH calaphrachiH from Greenland by
Fabricius belongs to this species, and that Bloch's statement that the type
of the species came from the East Indies is erroneous. It is a deep-water
species, found in 123 to 260 fathoms, at a temperature of -j- 1.6° C. to — LI*-"
C. (Nordhavs expedition) ; 50 to ViO fathoms, in the Varangerfi jrd. Here
described from papers of Ccdlett and Liitken, and from small specimens
from Upernavik. (Eu.) (5£'»a, ten; ^'tuj'Kjr, angle.)

VoUus cataphracfus, Fabkicius, Fauna Gnvnl., 155, 1780, Greenland ; not of Linn^us.

Agonus deeagonus, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., i, 105, pi. 27, 1801, erroneously
recorded from the East Indies, the type came from Greenland ; GIjnther, Cat., ii,
215,1860; Collett, NorgesJ'iske, 40, 1875; LUtken, Foreliib. Meddel. Nord.UlkeHske;
Vidensk. Meddel. fra den Naturhist. Foreu. Kjiib., 381, 1876; Collett, Fiske fra Nord-
havs Expeditionens, Soiuniereu 1878, Christ. Vidensk. Selsk. s. Forli., No. 14, p. 28,
1878; Collett, Norske Nordhavs Expedition, 1876-1878, Zool. Fisko, 44, pi. 2, li;i8. 11-
12 1880; Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, 293; Lilubbokq, Svoriges och
Norges Fiskar, Forsta Huftet, 193, 1883-84.

T

.TT-^w^Tfc^ T^i" c. ity ,'■

2054 Bulletin ^7, United Statvs Natiov.al Museum.

A.si>i(to})horuii tpinoMintiniiix, KiiiiYKU, Iclitb. ItidruK- NutiirliiHt. Ticlxkr., I, 'JOU, 1IS44-4&.

Greenland ; ICHi'h'EK, Oaiiiinrd, Voyiiges «n .Si'initl., etc., Zool. Atlas, Poiss., |»1. 5, lln.s.

2a 2<1,1«45.
Atjndiipliorut matarmiiidvH, Dkh Lonociiamph, Mt'Ui. Soc. Linu. cluNoriiini)<li(>, ((inio ix, lOT,

lHr.:t.
AtrpUhiiihunin urcat/onKS, CuviKii \ VAi-KNi'iENNr.s, llJHt. Nat. I'oIbh., iv, 22;i, lfi2U; J.

ItKiMiAitDT, Sr., OvtTs. over ili-t. KoiiikI. Daimki) N'itl. .Si'lsk. m. I-'oili., M, IHaO-IHIi'j;

Kik'ivkii, Iclitli. lliilratj. Natiiiiiisl. TiddHkr., i. 24;i, 1H4I-15, KimvEii, (Juiniunl, Voy

n;;i'.s rn S<;an<l., Lapiioiiio. etc., /ool. AIIuh, Poiss., pi, 5, lign, 1u-l<l, IKIS.
Aiiiiiini) xiiiiiutiimiiiniii, (iC\Tlli;ii, Cal., ll. 214, l.*^<iO.

Lepldi/oniiM xpi)iiiiiixttinius, (ili.I., I'roc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. I'liila., xill, I8ti1, 107.
Itmehyopsit ikca<junxi$, Juudan <fc (jILHEKT, SynojisiH, FIhIicm N. A., 727, 1883.

767. PODOTHECUS, (Jill.

Podotheeut, (Jii.l, Proc. Ac. Xat. Sci. Pliila. .\iii, 1H(I1, 77, 2,')9 {perisletlnm acipenterinu^).
I'aragomit, (iiM., Proc. Ac. Nat. S<m. Pliila. .\iii,18(il, l(i7, 250 {'tcipnmerimni).

Hody tapcriu};' nearly uiiiforiiily from lioail tocinuliil, iilxmt as Iii^li asor
higbcr thau wido anteriorly ; depth aliont (i to 8 inclie.s in len};th; heiid
about 4, eompieased ; i>lat»^s in dorH.il series about ;{5 to 10, 4 or 5 i»airs
between oc(i]»nt and (irst tlorsal fin; ^1'! nieuibranes joined to istlinni.'s,
witbotit free fold ; jio scattered barbels under lower Jaw or on brau<'liioste-
gal membranes; 2 complex yroujis of barbels on under side of tip of snout,
another group at each angle of month; usually a few barbels at sides ol
pores tinder lower jaw; tip of snout with usually 2 |»ai;s of sharp slender
spines, the anterior directed forward, the posterior cuitward imd back-
w.^rd. Mouth sm.all, iiif«'rior, snout projecting far beyond it. Teeth on
both jaws few and weak, sometimes wanting ou 1 or both jaws; none
on votner and palatines; plates of body spinous; 1 pair of supraocular
and 1 pair occipital spines; both dorsals pr<'8ent. This genus is very
.close to A<fohU8, dilVering mainly in the spinous plates of the body. The
uumerous species differ much among themselves, (ttoi)?, foot; O/'/w//,
box; from the groove for the receptacle of the ventrals which appears
through the shrinking of the naked skin in preserved specimens.)

a. I'lates on caiiilal jieibniule all or nearly all armed each with a .spine.

h. Harbcls lielow snout very numeronii and larpe; angle of mouth with many bar-

bcle. AC( iprrEK, 2W.K

c. Doraal raysVIII-O; tcetli well developed; fins all very hij.^1, the pectoral

emarginate in the adidt, its longest rays \\ in head; ventral long; anal

rays 10.

ce. Dorsiil rays XI-8; teeth present ; tins moderate; peetor.%1 not emarginate;

ventral short; aual rays 9. ha.mlini, 2410.

66. Barbels comi)aratively few and slender.

d. Dorsal rays VIII-S; teeth in upper Jaw almost obsolete; fins moderate;
pectoral not emarginate, IJ in bead; ventral very short; aual rays 9.

OILBERTI, 2411.

dd. D0rs.1l rays IX-6; fins small ; ventrals long; sides and top of head with

very large crests ; anal rays 6. thompsoni, 2412.

aa. Plates on caudal pedunde mostly not ending in spines; tins rather low, the anal

rays 7 or 8.

«. Teeth well developt^d; barbels below snout and at angle of mouth long and

numerous. acipenserini's, 2413.

ee. Teeth wanting in tbe adult: barbels rather small and sparse; body not

everywhere deeper than wide; the caudal peduncle very long, slender,

and depressed. vetbunus, 2414.

Jordan and Evcrniann. — Fishes of North America. 2055

ic, tome IX, 1C7,

ipengenntu).

2400. I'OUOTIIKn S ACt IIMTKK. Jonlmi \ Starks.

llciul 3s' in IciiKtb; d.pth »!L D. VIII, !>; A. 10; pectoral 15; lat-
i'liil i»lat»'s3(!; »■>»• lA in ln-ad; snont 2i ; «t'oon«i doi'sal spine lH; sccontl
(loiHal ray l\; third anal ray l-I; eantlai 1.!; upper ray of ])eetora! 11;
ventral8 2.^. lioily elungat*-, n«it conipresHed ; head fvianjjular as viewed
iioni above; the month wide, entirely interior, /1_^ -shaped, tho lower
jaw shnttinji heliind the npper by a distance etpial to J eye; maxillary
not reaehin<> (jnite to anterioi' orbital lim; distan<;e of anteiior ed;;i' of
upper lip from tip of roHtral spimvs a little more than .1 eyt;; teeth in
upper jaw a ImoHt obsolete, villiform bunds of teeth in lower jaw, with- in
front, beeomin<r narrow at sides; \<>mcrand jxilatinus tnothlesH; a patch
of thick barlicls below snout in front of mouth, the lonj^est etpuil to ver-
tical diameter of eye, a similar ]»atch at end of maxillary, altout e<iual in
length to the shortest on suoiit; 2 short barbels on each side of lower lip
lietween symphysis and auf^le of mouth. A pair of short, sharp, rostral
spines, pointing directly forward; at their base aud much wider apart is
a pair of s])ine8 which i)oint upward, luiekward, aud si ij>htly outward;
running backward from these are the ridges that bound the wide groove
in which the maxillary process tits; these apitroueh each other behind
and end in sharp sjiincs whiih point backward and upward, these spines
midway between middle of eye and the sjiines behind rostral spines; a
])air of large spines above jjosterior third of eye, an<l a ])air of large (mes
at occiput, these continuous with the u]>])er ridges; a <urved bridge
running from superior orbital rim and ending in a small spine just above
oj)ercle; a small ri<lge on opercle; preoporcle with a large spine; a couple
of spines l)elow eye at lower edge of suborbitals; running from them to
tip of snoat a ridge along lower edge of preorbitals, somewhat irregu-
lar but without spines; interorbital space wid<» and deeply concave, a
pair of ridges (ui each side, converging forward; supraorbital rim promi-
nent; anterior nostril ending in a short, wide, conical papilla, with a
small opening at the apex; no noticeable depression at occiput. Dorsal
ridges converging from the occiput to behind the soft dorsal, uniting
on the second platt' behind the base of last dorsal ray, continued as a
single ridge on about 8 plates Avhere it becomes obsolete; the upper
lateral ridge follows the course of the lateral line to about the middle of
spinous dorsal, where it slants sharply upward and is continued to tail
above lateral line; lateral line midway between upper and lower lateral
ridges posteriorly; a single spine above base of pectoral indicating an
obsolete ridge between the lateral ridges, lower lateral ridge becoming
obsolete under pectoral on 2 or 3 plates behind its base; abdouiiral ridges
widest apart behind base of ventrals, uniting directly behind anal base
and running simply backward, becoming obsolete cm caudal peduncle; all
the ridges with sharp, recurved spines, with the exception of abdominal
ridges behind part of anal; where the dorsal and anal ridges di8ap2)ear
the caudal peduncle assumes a quadrangular shape, the corners being
framed by the spines of the lateral ridges; no row of 8]>ines around base
of caudal or pectoral. Fins all high, origin of dorsal between the fourth
and iifth dorsal plates, the fin to b'ise of last spine covering 6 plates, the

'■■■ f

2056 Bulktin //, United States National Museum.

iiiuinbruue covering 2.) iiioru; the secoud aiul third 8))ino8 tho loii<*eHt, m
lut'Uibraiio cuiiMOCtiii^ tin* liiNt 8i»ine to tlio body for its whole length,
wheu tin is deprossod the nids of tho luHt Hpincs n>uch to the front of sec
Olid doi'Biil; the Mecoiid doiHiil to tin- end «)f last my covers 8 phiteH, the
membrane covers 1 more; the second anil third rays are the longest, tin
luHt ray is connected to the body for abont ^ of its length; bast^ oi
anal covering 8i plates, the rays very long and not dilVoring nnicb m
length, the last ray not connected to body by a membrane; the tin begins
in front of soft dorsal bnt is abont coterminous with it, its rays wlnn
depressed rea«'hing past ends of soft dorsal, reaching (i plates past base oi
its last ray; pectorals barely reaching to tip of last dorsal spine, the I'm
])0!nted above, first and secimd rays the longest, the lower rays prodnccil
beyond the membrane, making a notch in posterior ontlino of fin; origin
of ventrals directly below base of pectoral, their tips reaching 6 (dates
beyond their base; candal long and truncated; vent directly behind batsr
of vontrals. Color light brown above, white below; back with many
narrow brown bars placed at irregular distances apart; head with many
blended brown spots, 1 under eye, 1 on front margin of eye, 1 or 2 on top
of head, 1 behind ««yc, 1 on prcorbital, a similar spot on base of pectoral
rays; pectoral dusky; first dorsal with 'A rows of s|iot8 across the rays,
a very narrow brown border to fin, second dorsal with similar spots, not,
arranged in rows; anal light above, uniform brown below; ventrals
white; caudal liii dark at base and 3 or 1 dark spots toward middle of
fin. Ochotsk Sea; one specimen collected at Kobben Islaud by Captain
lilair. It is 8 inches in length, (accipiter, a hawk; in allusion to the
largt; tins.)

Vodotheeua accipiter, Jordan A Stahks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1895, 816, pi. 88, Robben Island.
(Coll. Cayt. J. G. Blair. Type iu L. S Jr. Univ. Mus.)

2410. PODOTilSt'DS HAXLIM, Jordan & Gilbert, new species.

D. IX to XI-8 ; A. 9 or 10 ; V. 15. 1 Lead .3J in length ; depth, not includ-
ing spines of dorsal ])late8, 8?; width at base of pectorals 7i; length oi
candal peduncle, from base of last anal ray, 2'i; snout long and slender,
depredst^d, produced beyond the month for a distance 6<iualing a little less
than i its length, th6 tip formed of 2 spines, the space between which is
covered with membrane ; a pair of strong, nearly erect spines at their base,
between which are 2 or 3 very small spine.^ on the median line; a second
pair of strong spines at posterior end of premaxillary fossa, the ridges
bounding which may bear 1 or more pairs of small prickles; preopercle
with a wide wing-like crest terminating in a bluntish spine; snout long
and slender, its lateral profile concave as seen from above or below; sub-
orbital crest with 3 very strong, backwardly hooked spines; interorbital
space very narrow, deeply concave; fins all low; supraocular ridge strong
and much elevated, the interorbital space deeper and narrower than in any
other species of this group, its least width If iu orbit; postorbital spine
small; ridges on sides of snout minutely serrate; an irregular grouji ot
small spines above and behind anterior nostril; lateral ridges of head

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2057

lobben Island.

with \\ iKiirs of very Htronj; backwardly diroctod Hpinos in line with the
i^ioiitly expan(h'<l |»ro(>i)erctil!ir lidj^c; tho posterior portion of this ridgo
|)i()«l(i(-od into 11 coinpressod, Idimtiuh procesH whirli ovcrlapH the siib-
opui'clo and rfUchoH niai';;iu of \(\\\ oponin<{; oporcnlar and ttMuporul rid^oH
low and Hharp. Tei'tli present on Jaws in tho youiiK, becoming nearly or
(|iiite ohacdei > in adults; in the tyjie, 17 cm. Ion;;, a few weak teeth on
one side of uppor jaw, but none olsowhero ; voinor and palatines tonthless.
A cluster of 11 barbids on each side of lower surface of snout in front of
uiouth, an<l a cluster of 14 occupyin<{ end of maxillary and un^lu of
nu>uth; each side of lower lip with 2 barbels; gill niembraucs widely
joiuod to the iathnius, without distinct free fold posteriorly. I'latos (ui
liody with very strong spines, those of tho dorsal series tho largest, but
ilccieasing rapidly backward, becoming much smaller than the lateral
series under tho second dorsal tin; a median series of short sharp spines
still persists along entire back of tail after the couthionco of the dorsal
series; tho lateral series lower anteriorly, the npper row^ persisting to gill
opening, the lower row now iiecoming obsolete about \ plates behind
nxil; the abdominal series bear short sharp spines (longer in the young),
i)ecomiug obsolete along anterior jiortion of anal fin; of tho dorsal series,
t are in front of the* first dorsal, 10 (or Oi) almig base of first dorsal, I (or
\\) between dorsals, 9 along base of second dorsal, 15 along back of tail,
the lirst of the latter being tiie plate in which the dorsal series first
becomes conlluent; anterior portion of luteral line running along upper
lateral series, gradually descending to middle of sides where it runs on a
special row of plates which bear no spines; where the lateral line begins
to ascend, 3 of these become confluent with corre8])Ouding plates of tho
upper lateral series; in advance of these, ?> members of the series again
appear distinct, considerably enlargcid and bearing spines; 40 ]»ore8 in the
lateral line; fins all comparatively short and low; pectorals reaching
twelfth plate of njtper lateral series, the longest ray equaling length of
sn<mt and A eye; rays becoming rapidly shortened below, the lower 5 or 0
ulightly thickened with exsorted tips; veiitiula very short, not exceeding
length of snoiit before mouth, not received into longitudinal groove. We
consider it very doubtful whether such a groove exists in any of tho other
^1)00168 of this group. It has been described as existing in the types of
/'. flilbcrti (Collett) and P. pcrist *hu8, Gill. In both cases tho type speci-
mens were in a poor state of preservation, and the groove was probably
due to a softening of that hmgitudinal strip of the abdominal wall, which
includes the anal opening, and extends backward from tho base of the
A ontral fins and is interposed between tho firm outer series of ventral
jtlates. That such a softening had 0«'curred in the type of Podothecus
pcri8tethH8 is evident from Gill's statement that tho veatrals had dropped
out. This view is rendered more probable from the fact that P. periate-
thiia is apparently identical with the common P. acipenserinua which con-
tains no such groove. We have also examined 2 of the type of P. (jUherii
without being able to satisfy ourselves of tho existence of any special
groove. The dorsal fins are closely Juxtaposed, the interspace including 1
or 1^ pairs of plates. The base of the last ray of second dorsal is midway
3030 52

i

i

4

11

20r..S BuJIi'tin /7, /"////Av/ 5/<?/tvv Natiouaf Afuscum.

liotwuMi biififl of caiuliil iiiid orii^in of HpiiioiiH tlorBiil. Color tlark or
brovviiiHli ul>(>v<>, witli irro<riil:ir HpotH or <Iiih1ii'h oI' durkt-r, wliiuli «lo imt
tui'iii tl»liui|u crosH hnVH\ a black Htruak iVoiii eye to ti|) of Hiioiit piiNNJiiu
onto lowur Hido of roNtral spint's; a dark l>lot«'h on ttxpauded liuib pr(;o|)n .
clc; a blark upot on b:lH4^ of iniddlo ])(M'toriiI raya, tbo lin vury oltHciircIv
marked witb diiHky; dornal HpiiiUH and rayn with linear dark niarkin;>;H, I
or 2 l>la<k H]M)tH near tip of Hpinous dorHiil anteriorly; under partn inrluii
inj? linH, unmarked. Two 8]tecimeuB froiii AUmlroan i^tation IUmIJ, mi
Sliana \'illn<;o, Ituriip Inland, in 18 fathoiuH. A youn^ individual froni
AUtutroHH Htatiou H(il<>, otf Kobben Inhmd, 18 fatlionm, setmiH to belong to
iXw Hanie HpucieH, but liaH the HUoiit Iuhs juodueed and the dorsal VIII, d;
anal 8. (We take ^roat pluanuru in naming this speeieH in honor of Hoi.
CharluH tSuiuuer Hamlin, lato AsHistunt Secretary of the Troasury, iniMcr
whose au8pi<-eH the fur seal invostif^ations of 18!M) and 1897 were carrii d
on by the United States Fur Seal Commissiou.

J'oilothectis hamlini, Jokdan \- (Mliiekt, Uej)!. Kiir Seal Invost. 1806, 1897 MS., uff
Shana Bay, Iturup Island, Kuril Group. (Type, 5C6'.!, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Muh. V<'\\.
AlbatroKs.)

2411. rOUOTIIKOl'8 CIlLltKRTI (Collett).

Head about 4; depth 7i or 8. D. VIII, 8; A. i»; P. 17; V. I, 2. IJo.ly
deeper than wide; octagonal to end of dorsal and anal fiUH, hexagonal (n
tail. The curved 8])ines of the dorsolateral, superior and inferior lateiMi
ridges strong and sharp as far as base of caudal. Ventral series of i)lati s
spinous to origin of anal, uniting behind it to form a single series; doisiii
scries uniting into 1 behind si'cond dorsal; about 12 to 15 well developed,
radially striated plates without tubercles or spines on breast; a few
median plates between ventrolateral series behind vent. Head 'l-hedial,
tapering, sihecks vertical, orbit large, high up, about equal to the concave
interorbital space. Supraocular and occipital ridges high, with crenulatc
edges, the former ending in a sharp, the latter in a blunt, spine; siibmhi-
tal and opercular bones radially striated; suborbital ridge low down <>ii
cheek, thin, with crenulato edge and a small sharp si>ino at its po.steriur
end; ]»reoi)ercle with a high thin keel with serrated edge, ending in ii
strong blunt spine; rostrum projecting far b«\vond premaxillaries, witli
a pair of spines at tip directed forward, another pair, farther apart, cur\ cd
backward and outward. Maxillary reaching about to front of orbit;
lower jaw very short, broad, falling far short of upper. Teeth on lower
jaw weak, few and excessively weak on u])per jaw, none on vomer or
palatines. A group of barbels under tip of snout, another at angle of
mouth (specimen with mouth in bad state). Dor8.al8 separated by about
3 pairs of plates; anal begins a little in front of origin of second dorsal;
])ectoral8 about 6 in body, their base nearly 3 in their length; ventr;ils
(male?) about | as long as pectorals. Lateral line abont 35. Color appar-
ently brownish or yellowish, with well-defined dark-brown spots on sides
of head, back, and sides; the spots largest along sides, some of them us
largo as the osseous plates, smaller on back; .apparently a dark band
from front of orbits to tip of snout; dorsals with dark patches; a dark

Jordan and live nnann. — Fishes of North America. 2059

il')!' dark m
vliioli do iiiii

llOIlt pllHHJll,;

iuib i»r«M)i»ci
»ry oliH('tu«'h
( iiiarkiii^H. I
pui'tH iiicliii;
ion !USr)l{, nil
liviilnul from

to belong Id
L»r8al VIII, ti;
onor of Hon.
jasury, iitidir

were rarrii d

B, 1897 MS., u(f
liv. MiiH. (;i>ll.

J. I, 2. IJody
hoxagonnl w
iferior later.u
)ri»'8 of plat IS
Heries; dors;il
pll iloveloiii'd,
reast; a few
ead 4-h«.'(lral,
the concas f
ith creuiilatc
iiie; siiborlii-
ow down on
its posteridi'
oudiuK ill a
larios, witli
part, curved
Hit of orbit;
setb ou lower
on vomer or
at angle of
ted by about
cond dorsal;
th; ventrals
Color appar-
lots on sidi's
e of tbeni as
a dark baud
clies; a dark

H|)ot on baHo of ptx-torai. Kanicbatka. 'I'IiIh ar.roimt takun from 1 of tho
ivpo Hpoi'iniciiM prcHt'nttid " to tln< licland Slanfovd Junior rnivcrsity
.MiistMuu by Dr. ('oih)tt. (Naniod for Iharlcs llcnry (lilbcrt.)

' Till' (ollowiim is Dr. ('ollt'tt'n ilfHiriplioii : I-'irsl. iIiU'hiiI H: hi'ioiiiI ilorMiil Hiir 0; mini 10
iir II : |iui'l<inil I'ltolT', liilrnil liiii' :iH. Tlix luiily Ih vitn I'l.inualt'd uihI <'i>iii|iri'NHt'il, ratliiT
liiull ia IVoiit, aiitl la|i<'rili<; lo tlm Inll. Mm Iii'i;.'IiI (I'roiu Miilrulsto lli'sl doi-Niil hi- il<-)
. cIiiuIh till- li-ii^lli <•!' (!■<■ .siiDiil, iiiid It I'liiitiiiiit'il in llie totid li'ii;;lli iihuiil S tinifH. 'I'lio
lail iscdiiiiirfMHi'd, loiiKiind HlclidtT: iln lii'iylit r\crv\vln'ir yifiiler lliiin its liri'a<llh. 'I'lio
JHiid: IIm li'iiclh i> I'oalaiiiiil in lull i;i'<i\vik spi'i'laiiiii t liiiicM, in ,vi>iiii;;i'i' oiii's alxiiil ;i]
liiiii'H in till* total l«'iin;i|i (rinidal iinliidi'd). 'riiiiH in 4 Hpt'i-iinoiiM 'il' ditl'crciil hI/i'h IIio

|ii'ii|iiii'li<iiiH aro lht> I'cill'iwiii;; : 'I'utal IimikIIi I^'I i -, lii'ad lrn;;tli :i-liii linum; tolnl Iimi;{IIi

.'.'•4 mm., head It'iiutli :i 7;i linn-s: total lf>mtli 'JT7 nun., Iiftti! Irn^tli 4 III tiimH: total
li'iiijth L'lHI nun., head IniKlli 4 O'J tiini'H, Snout vi'i'y lolii;, '.\ timi-H l<m;!('r (or more) than
I iM< inti'i'orlulal Hpactt (IxM with iIik Iiiimi'h of the HiiiiraiK'ular m|iIii«!s). t'oHlcrior (tart iil'
iIh' lixad rinniiarativfly Hmootli, lhi> inlcnnltital Hparo rallicr <'»m'av<i; ini )|iiadrMnKiiliii'
|dt (in tlio ocriiini ill IVoiit of tlio dorHal HcalcM. K.\r coin |iai'a lively lar^e ; the liori/.unlul
diameter a little larger lluiii the \ertieal. It Ih ediitaineii a little liior<< than 2 liineM in the

jeimtlmf the HiKHit, and rather inoro than 4 ti h in the len^'lli of the head. (;irri on

jiiwiu' Hide of 8MOIII (in I'ronl ol' the )ireiiia\illar^\ ) and at the ali);ln of the JaWH.i Their
|i'ii;:lli eipialH that of thee\e. Month entirely iiii'erior; diHlanee I'loni |ireinaxillai'ieH lu
I III III rti.strll H|iineH ahoiit e<|iial to t he l(<nulli <•!' the eve. Teeth in the jawM, vonieriiie or
palaliiie teeth iioiut. .Vriratiiru of tli» liead iiineli like that of A, iifiiicuin'riiniK. Tho
nistriil spini'H 4, 2 imijeetinj; hori/ontally forward, "J (liehind the llrst) <'iirved hackward.
A third pair on tli(< siiinit (iniieh iKMrer the eye than tho riHlral Hpines). Orhilal riil^o
tvilh a siiiulo Hpiiie i.snpnioealar, uo (ireoeiilar) ; the lower ridj^e lliiely Hcrratetl. Octdpi-
lal rid<;eH, (ipereiiliim, and pi'eo|ierenliiin iih in A . (triin'iisi'i iiiii», lint the Hpinu.H nioi'i)
pointedand loii;:er. Siihorhital with adoiilde rid^ie at IIh lower inar^'in, the upper lidK"
with 2 distinet pgiiiies ladiind, and a third (HoinetiineH indict i net) at ei|iial dlHlance from
Ihoeyeand the tip of thoHnoiit. Head with nitont IH distinet H|iiiie,., alto^fetlier. .\rina-
Mire ol liody : I'laleA on I he hack and sides of Mm Maine ininilicr an in A . aripfiismiiiin, but
the s]iineit are lon;;er and curved mure hairkward, and Htroni; e\eiywhere from head to
caudal. Itetw.'uii the \i dorsal kecd.s and liet ween tho - lateral keels there aro no tracoH uf
:inother ki'ol (as in .1. riiUiis). Itreast with iihout HI polyi;onal platcH, 4 of which form a
series on each Side and 'J a median scri(>s; liaH.-Hol pectorals and ventralH also siimiunded
with plutuB. All lliu platett havu u aUurt Hpiuc iu tbuirueutur. Uursal plutcHuuiiihirio;;—

I'hivOM.

From occipnt to tlrst dorsal (pair) . . 4

h'irst dorsal ex tending' over do.... 8

lictween the dorsals do ;i

Second dorsal extondiny: over do.... II | 1

From Hocond dorsal to caudal (siunle).. 15

The dorsal keel (coalescing with the keel on the other side at thellfteenth |ilatein front
(it the caudal tl|i) 's conHe<|uently compoHcd of :iH or :i!l plates; the lower laloral keel
extending from lower liaso of the caiiilal to baHu uf tho teuth pectoral ray, cuutains 35
plates. Abdominal plates nuiiihoring—

Plates.

From von t rals to anal (pair) . . 11

I'lis anal extendinjr over do 1(1

From anal to caudal (single).. 17

Tho abdominal keel (eoale.scinii; at tho Hovent<>eiith plato in front <if the caudal) is forine<l
liv a aeries of ;i8 jilales. Lateral line distinct: ;i8 |iores. Fins: In tho lU specimens at
present preserved iu tho musouin at C'hristiauia, tho tin rays are the lulluwiiig:

1 D. 8 2 1). 8 A. 10 P. 17-17

8 9 10 M6

8 9 10 16-16

8 8 10 1.5-16

8 8 10 17-17

8 8 10 17-17

8 8 10 10 17

8(+l) 8 11 10-17

8 8 10 1.5-10

8 9 10 17-17

First dorsal bc<;inH behind the fourth dorsal plato and has 8 rayR (I spccimnn has an
:idditional sh^nder ray in tho space between tho 2 dorsals). lis height equals its distance
Irom the head. It extends over 8 scales; the first 2 rays in the space between the fourth
iind fifth plate. The dorsal tins are separated by 3, .sometimes by 4 ]ilatos. Se<!ond dorsal
has 8, sometimes 9, rays, and extends over 8 plates ; behind the last rays is 1 pair of plates

' All the specimeua are iu u bad state of preservation and most of the barbels are lost.

2(m) nuUdhi /7, United States National Museum,

*

m

.1 i/ii/i iix i/i'/biT/i, Coi.i.Kir, I'lMir. /iiol. SiM'. I.oikIoii IHIM. 1)7(1, |il. 4J. Kamchatka, ((.'ull
lIiMir.v Liinil. 'r,v|M>s, Miih. C'liriHlliiiiia; riily|M<, 27H3, L. S.Jr. I'niv, Mim.)

'.Ml!!. rOIIOTIIKniK ilHINI'SOM, .ronlitii K (iillmrl. iinw m|iim'1mi.

J). \'lll or l\-<i; A.ti; 1*. Hi. ilciiil rathitr Itioiidlx triaii^uliir, itH^rroai
UNt widlli iKTOHH prrupeioiiliir i'i«i^*>H ;;.'<-iit«.'r than iliHtfiiiio I'loin unt*;iiiii
oimI (tt'iM'(<i)|M-i'('iiliir ridgo to tip of Mtioiit. l.tittMiil rid^ti on IhmkI cuiitiiiu.
oiiH fruiii tip oi'Hiioiit uioii^r Kiiliui'ltitiii |m)ii(>s to ItJiHuot' pr< (>i)<'i'(Miiiir nt'si,
tli«) lntcnil Hitint'H usual in tiiiH ycniiM, bciiijr r«>pi-VM<uitc<l l»y tiiaiif^iilii
pnxi-HHi'B hoi'iKt (HI till' rid^f ; pntoptTciilar rid^u pntdiicrd ])OBtoi-iorly
bryoiid ;;ill opening. Imt, not spinu lilvu; Hiioiit toiiiiiiiiitiii;; atiti-rloily m
2 loiiiidiMi jnocfMHrN, «Mit;li l>t'arinj;on its iipptT siirrato ji vortical croHt, ami
iiiii-l.v Hrrrat«) aloii^ itH margins; no terminal pair ol' Htroii<,' NpinoH as in
otliiT Hprt'it'H; iindt-r Hidr of Hiioiit with an acnto invdian Hpinu din-cltil
downward and hacivward; a pair of Htron<r npinuH on ii|(per Mido of Hnonl
liidiiiitl tt'nninal noHtral rid;;u; a itair of coalesced Hpines iii'liind tlio mis-
tral groove; a Honiicircular series of spin<d«t8 iieiow th« ey*;; two sniiill
tiiftti of lilanituitH ou iindtu- sidtt «)f snout, on*) on middle of niuxilliirv,
and one at itH tip. A narrow haixl of nliarp teeth in each Jaw; vomer
and palatines toothless, (iill inenihranes nnited to isthmus without e\ i
dent free fold. Orbital rim much elevated; inturorbital space narrow,
deeply concave, its width ,'■', diameter of orbit; oceijiital ridges Htioiiu,
elevated posteriorly, cndiny in a backwardly directed spiue which i.s mm h
larger than those of the Itody jdates; oceipitul area narrow, deeply coii-
Cttve, its central portion sunk somewhat below htvel of interorbital hp.K e,
from which it is separated by a shallow transverse groove; u simiinr
groove behind occdpital spines; area between occiitital and temponil
ridgt'H also deeply coneave ; a strong opercular ridge. All the plates with
strong spines, including those of the ventral series; tlie weakest spines luo
on tho anterior ])late8 of the lateral series; plates on breast with central
spine and radiating ridges; dorsal series with f(^wer plates than in other

bel'ort! till) nn)iuirml HoricH befrjim. Anal Iiiih eoiiiinoiily 10 rii\H (in I Hpfloiinoii II), il^
lit'iKlit ecpinU Ihnt of llie Hociniil dorsal, and ih rattier lex's than that of tli« first dorsal. It
coniiiieiices lintwec^n tli<« ulevenlli anil twelfth ]>airH of Hcales in tlio ahdoiiiinal seiics.
VtMitrals Mliort in the I'eiiinleH, shorter than the vortical dianieterof the eye; longer in Ilir
nial(>, eijiialliiif; the len$!th ot the Hnoiit. Kaeh hat) 1 Hhort spine and 'A articulated lavs. 'J
of wliicli are divided at their haHe. They are ntceived in a lonfcitudinal common Kn><>^<'
{•' I'oilotliectti"). I'eetoral has 10 or 17, rarelv 15 rays, hoiiic of which are Hoiiiesiinv.s
branched in their upper halt, but not always. The lirst ray is short, about ecjnal to ^ tin'
secondray; the lowermost rays a little thicker than the rest. Its forin ia a little emiiii;!
uate, the hi'th lower ray lieinji a trillo lon);er than the sixth and seventh. The tipexlcmls
to a distance from the' iinal of 2 or .'1 jihites. Color: jimyisl' brown with dark spots anil
Hhortish bands; belly whitish. On the iipjier jiartof the head the spots form lon;;itu(liii;il
bands, 1 of these (8iiijj:le) running down In the median line of front, between the eyes. A
sei^ond (and more dintinet) band extends on each side of the snout from the tip' to (Ik^
anterior marf^in of the eye, hence riinnin); under the orbital rim; in .some specimens it is
continued as a narrow riiifi round the eye, but (toiumonly tliis is broken and inilistinct.
On the opercles and the sideH of the fluoiit the splits are roundish and well ninrked. On
the body also the spots are roundish, barely obloiis;, their size erpialliiiK that of the puiiil.
They are darkest and most distinct on the back, bein^ sometimes almost obliterated on Ihc
sides. Theccdor of the tins is rather indistinct in the badly preserved specimens bernic
me. The pectorals have a dark oblonj; spot at their ba-ses ffrom about sixth to eleveiiili
raj') ; the dorsais have 2 dark bars separated by whitish, and with the tin in first dorsal
also blackish (in second whitish). The caudal has a dark cross bar a little behind tin-
base, and a dark marj^in. Tlio anal is apparently whitish to the margin ii? the female: in
the single male specIlll(^n at least tlie outer half is blavkiab. Kaiucbtitka (tyX'*^ spi'i'i-
meiis iu the Christiuuiu Mutieuuj). (Collott.)

Jordan and livcrmann. — Fishes of North America, -0(»1

hutka. (Cull
llrt.)

I'lM.

ir, itH Krcal-
iim iinltMioi
'iid i'uiitiiiii-
rciiliir ( Tfsi,
r ti'ian<{iil;ir

])(>Htoi'iurly
iitt-riorly in
'III t'l'OHt, anil
HpiiivH us in
inu (lircclcil
ii<i)i of Hiioiil
iiiil tlic IIOS-
; two Hiiiiill
1 iiiaxilliii V,
Juw; vomer
witliovit cv i
lace ii.'ii'i'ow ,
«ij;es Htniiii;,
hich iH iiiiirli
, deeply ton-
iibital HinHf,

; u Hiiuil:ir
11(1 ti'iiiporiil

pliit«;u witli

HtHpiiieHiiro
with cfiitiiil

ban in otlit-r

.s|>i>t;iuii; '^ in front of HpiiioiiH<lorHal, II (or 1L>) aloii^ Ihiho of Hpinonsilortial,
'J (or 1) itt'twcm tlorsals, (i at baso of Roft iloiHiil, 11 (or i:i) nupiiiitd
pluti'H on itiu'k of raiulal ptidiincln. Tlio unpairud platoH witli tho Hpiiio
iiotrlind lit tip; ali tlin platoH niarluMl witii Htron;; liidiatin^ i'id>;»K and
tlie surface of tlio spinoH niiniitely !-ou};;hi'ii(Ml. Color, li^rht jjray iiliovo,
\viiit«t Ix'low; tup and HiduH of head with Idacli dotn and daslies; liiuk
I i'ohsimI by Hi\ narrow lilai'k hiii'H. IM.stin;;iiisbrd from all otbcr Npt'iicB
iif tin; K*^niiH ity tin- ^u-at devtdopniont of tbo liiteral rid<;o and Hpint's on
lii>ad. Tbis^ivt'Htht^ head and espciially tlir siuuit a niuib iiroadi-r outline,
iipproatdiing in thlM n-spt'ct .iytnins cntaplirttciuH, Tiie Hpecies is rcpro-
Hi'iited by sovi'ral yonnj? specinienH in ratbcr poor ronditioii, th«i type
lioing r>li nun. long. Tlie ontlin*' and armature of tlie lifiid are not, bow-
cvur, esHeiitially different in young an<l adults of sinh H]te('ioH as are
known to ns from Hperimens of ditl'erent si/uB. Olf Shanii May. Itiinip
I laud, Kuril (iron)). (TliiH sperius is named in lioiior of I'rof. D'Aroy
Weiitwortb 'riiompson, of tbi- rnivcrsity at Dundee, tim fomniiHsioner of
l.reat Uritaiu in the fur Heal invostigatiouH in Iteriiig .Sia in WMi and
IS'J7.)

Vmhiheeus thompsoni, .Toiin-iN & (iiuiERT, Uopt. Fur Seal Invent. ISOO, 1897 M.S., off
Shana Bay, Iturup Island, at Albatross Station 3653, in 18 fathoms. (Typu, Ku.
50U7, L. S. Ji. Univ. },lun. Coll. Mbatrotii.)

2418. I'ODOTHKtlM Aril'KXSKRIMM * (Til.siua).
(Common Allioatoii Fish.)

B. fi; I D. 8 to 10; L> l).7or8; A.7or8; IMTor 18; V. 3 (I, 2); C. 1-12-1;
vortehra- 12-j-2i) — 41. I'yloric eu'ca 7 (2 individuals). Total length
i< iudies 10 in(dieH. Mody as deep as wide, ridges of dorso- and ventro-
lateral series strong, wliile those of the rest are bnt little developed, tlius
Riving body a sharply <|nadraugular form in front; dorsal and ventral
faces Hat between ridges, tbe lateral convex, liehind middle of Hrst dor-
Hul tbo lateral ridgos become more itromiucnt and body more regularly
H-iiedral; tail tJ-hedral, stnmgly depressed. The strong, curved, minutely
serrated spines of the dorscdateral series grow smaller from o<"ci|mt back-
\v;ird and disappear at beginning of second dorsal ; superior lateral series
spinous from middle (d" (irst d(»rsal to middle of i»ednncle; inferior lateral
m lies spinous for a short distance from a little in front of to a little behind
iinal; ventrolateral series keeled, not spinous. Two pairs of ])lates
lictwecn last ray of second dorsal and first median plate, and 2 to 1 pairs
between last anal ray and first median plate. About 20 well-develf)pe<l

Di.iKnosis: llmly tapering uniformly from heart to cnndal, as IueIi as wirto anteriorly,
wiiltliat base of pectorals 7 in len<;tli .'tail from front of second dorsal to <'aiiilal much
(li'jiressed: head 4; platOH In dorsal serii^M :;7 to :I8; hetwecii occiput and tlrst dorsal 4
piih's: between dorsals 2 or !<; troni vciitrals to anal lU to 11 |>airs. (Jill nieiiibraiies .joined
til isthmus without fold; no teeth on vomer or palatines. A pair of complox (;roi>])8 of
l)Mrli*:ls on under side of tip of snout, another group at angle ot mouth, and a pair of
(icMilde barbels at sides of lower Jaw. Snout with 2 pairs of s]>ine8, 1 pair directed hori-
'/.imlally forward, the other ciirvinji backward and outward. One pair supraocular ami
1 pair ilecipital spines. Color grayish browD, yellowish below ; sides with narrow undu-
laiiug vertical blackish strefiks.

■

T

w

'srf

I

•

■ 1 ■

I-.

to

■'I

\%

Ill

2002 IhiUitin 47, UtiUcd States National nftiscum,

pliiti-H nil lirflfiHt. llriiiichioHto^iil iiKMiiliriinoN iiihI low<ir nI<I» of tiian
fliltlc <iv('ryvvlu'r<« iiivki-fl; two or W iiKulfrnto iiliitcH in front of |»«>rtiM J
liii; MKMMlir.'iMo lictwi'i^n vontrolati tjiIm, Ih>IiiiiiI vrnt, willi iiiimhth w
iiii|M'rf<M-tl.v <l<>v<'lu|)e«l pliittm; \\»\w Ix^twcnn v<>ntriilH tinil vont. Ili hI
'l-lii'<litil, ta|M'riU)^ to h Ion;; nnont, itn wiiltli ti'j in Im^tli of Itoily. neatly
vt-rtical; orltitH hi^li u]), nlioiit 1^ in licatl. Siipraoi iilar ri<l^<>H lii^li, w nh
a vi'ry Htroii^' Npini", orcipital riil^t>H Ion;;, risin>; f;ruilniilly iiiul »niiin;: ,11
a Nin;;lo Htrnn^ Hpini>; t«Miiporal riil;;«-fl niodnr-itt', rnding in a Hnmll.
HnpraNcapnlnr Npiiii- ; suliorhitai, pr('o|)iM'fl<\ anil oprnlc ra<lially Mtrialrd ;
Hiihorliital ri<i;;o low <io\vn (ni cheoK, Hlxtlf-likti in fronton |ir<torl)ital, w ith
2 siinill H|tin«tM, a niiniito onu on ]>r«M)rl)ital and a Htron^; <>n» on prcoperrlo.
Opcrrlo with a Nli;;Iit rid;;<>, niinnto Hpiin^ or nono; intrrorhital H])iii'i'
foncavo, alMiiitilA in ht>ad, llat hftwt^'n tln^ Hitpraorliital rid;>:<<N, coviriil
with Hkin and with 13 niinnto rid;;eH fxtendinf; n^iward hniKitiidinally
from noar tlio ineNi'thnioidal H))iiit'H; roHtrnin ])rojc('tin;; far lioyond pif-
niaxillanoH, witli a ]))iir of Npiiws dii-cittMl hori/ontally forward, h 'limd
thfs*' anotlior pair, faitlior apart, cnrvcd backward and ontwanl. Siioui
from pn^inaxiilariuH totipof H])in«> rqiial toorhit; maxillary reaching; frmii
of orhit; lowrr Jaw v«ry Hliort, l»roa<l, falling; far short of upper, 'rnlh
weak, low, <ixcoHHiv('ly f«nv and woak on n])]M^r .jaw, nono on vomer ami
palatines. A pair of ('(nnplux ;rroiiph of harlirls on nnder side of tip nf
Hnont: another ;;roiip at an;;l«' of month, appan-ntly made up of 4 hiiIkh'
dinate ^jronps — 1 near tip and L' at tip of maxillary, ami 1 at aiinir oi
month ; a pair of double barbelH at Hides of lower .jaw. Dorsal lliis cldsc
together; anal be;;inninga littlein front of B(!con«l dorsal ; pectorals aluini
0 in body, their base li.J in their Ien;;th, nearly trnneate. VcntralHof feinnlr
equal orbit, in male twice an long; width of eandal at base Hin the lenf^tli.
Lateral line 'XI to ;{!•. Color grayish brown above, yellowish below, mIiIcn
with narrow undulating brownish black vertical streaks in intervals
between ))lates; first dorsal with a broad banti of darker along niidillc,
black edged; pectorals with a dark bar near base; several more or li >>
distinct cross liars of darker, formed by long dark streaks on rays; iiilr
rior third of tin nearly uniformly dark; ventrals light in female, dark m
nnile; anal edged with black jiosteriorly ; caudal olivaceous, tippetl willi
darker. Length 10 to 12 inches. Kamchacka to I'liget Sound, in nioili-
rate depths, everywhere the most abundant of the family. Very coniiiinii
in I'uget Sound. The specimens here described from the Aleutian Islands,
According to Dr. (iilbert, this is one of the most abundant species m
Alaska, occurring everywhere in shallow water :iround the Aleut i;m
Islands and in Bristol Hay. {acijmniit'riniis, sturgeon-like; Ao'qttnscr, stiir
geon.)

Aijonusadpemerinns, Tn.Esius, Mi'-m. Acnd. Potorab., iv, 422, pi. 11, fig. 10.1, 1811, Unalaska;

GO.NTiiKK, Cut. KiHhi'H, 11,212, 18(i0; JouuAM \ CiLBKKT, I'roc. U.S. Nat. Muh. 1H8(), :;:•.'
PodiilhevMS peritiMhiis, Cu.l, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XUI, 1861, 77, 2.')9, Simeahnioo,

Washington Territory.
Phalantjistes aeiiiftuD'rinun. l'AU.A.«, Zoog. llospo-ABlat., in, 110, pi. 1811.
Agpiiloplioniii acipcnuiriiiHs, Cuviku \ Vai.knciennks, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., iv, 207, 1829.
I'odotheeiis aci/ienseri ii uk, 3 {mi>A.S &. GlI.HliUT, .S.viiopsis, 7110, 188;t.
Faragonua acipen*ennu$, Gill, Proc. Ac. Niit. >Sci. Phila., xni, 1861, 167.

Jordan and l-'.irnnanu. —Fishes of North Amerka, -0<i3

Ni<lo of mini

t of pCI'tdl 1 1

III iniinorn H

vent. Ill Ml

Itoily. ni'iii Iv

;fH hij;ii, with

ilitl oii(liii;>; ,11

in u Nin.ill,

ally Mti'iiili'il :

iturbitai, \n itli

m ]»r('o|ipri If.

orllitlll H]i;irr
(l^i^H, COVflcil

Dii^itiKliniilly

• llOytMXI |1M'-

wiird, 1) 'IiukI
ward. Siiiiiii
rt'achiiij; rnmi
i]>pcr. 'I't'illi
>ii vomer Mini
Hide of tip of

\\\ of 4 Hlllidl

1 at !iiii;li' (il
rsal lins clnHc
t'CtoralHiiliiiHi

TlllHof feilKlli

ill the Icii^illi.
h below, siilis

ill iiiteiviiN
iloiijr middle,

inoro or ii ■<>
rays; iiitV-
liiiiile, dark in
L tipjied Willi
|itid, in iiiixli ■

k''ery comniDii
iitiaii Islamls.
kilt specits 111
Ithe AIouliMii

ujHUscr, stiir

11811, Unalaska,
V. MiiH. \m). :.■■:.

l9, Simeahnioo,

\, 207, 1829.

•.>4II. l'OIM»TIU:n S VK'r»:itMIN,- .lonlitii .V SliukH.

Huiul Uji ill loii^lli; doptli 7k. !>■ IX, K; A. H; aciilcs in liiteral line
MorM!); pi^ctoriil I't; orbit 1| in IkmuI; Hiioiit -", ; upper riiyH of pectoral
II; hi|rheHt doiKul Hpine '2^; hi>j;heKt dor^Mil ray '2i; liit^hest uiial rayj^;
< aiidal '2L hiidy eliiii){ut<', iiboiit i\n wide as dfep anteriorly, iiiiirh wiiler
liian deep poHteriorly ; month inferior, the lower Jaw Hhnttin^ far behind
ilie iippiM-; toeth onjawH, vernier, and |>alutineN oltHcdete; a few Hhort bar-
liels beneath Hiiont in front of inoiith and at an^'le of month, their li'ii;;th
about equal to pnpil, lower Jaw very eavernoiiH. .V pair of Nliort, blunt,
I'oHtral spineH pointing directly forward; at their baHe and wider apart Ih
;i |tair of Hharp HpincH cnrvint; outward, baek ward, and npwartl; at the
l>- sterioi' end of the rather wide nrntral groove is a pair of Hiiiall spiniH
pointing upward and backward; from tluir baao a pair of divci'Kin^
ridgen .-nil throiiKh the intcrorbital to above posterior margin of <u'bit;
I Htioii;; Hpiiic over eye, and a longer one at occiput; a low, sharp ridge
on Hide of head, running from ocular spine antl ending in a low spine at
upper end of gill opening; a very low ridge ou operclc not ending in a
spine; preopeiele with a Htroiig Hpine with a wide keel-like base; a
booked H]>ino below eye (Mi Huborbital, from which a ridge innH along
lower edge of prcorbitui to end of snout, below posterior end of rostral

* Allied to PodutheeuK vettrnuii \h ii Oliiii«H« Hpccioa:

PODOTHECUS STURIOIDES ((iuicliciKit).

I).IX,8; A.IO; P.15; V. 1, 2. Deptli, nt nnpti, H In total lcn«tli. Hcxly olongntc, ortng-
oiial III front, iniicli iitloiniattMl, anil lid'oiniiit; ]ienliif;onal Iti'liiiid: every wlicrx covoreil
witli OMNiious railially utriattMl, lii'*>lf<l platuH wliii'li arc liii;li(>r tliiin long: llio keels with
ilcntiuiilate ctlKen aiel terininatiii}; in hurkwunlly ilin>(!t«>irMiiiiieM, t'oriuiiig S loiiKitniliniil
Hi-ries, 4 on each Hide, lircaitt in I'rontot' piM-torals mill iiicilian line of linlly arnioil with
Minaller ))oly^onal ]ilateH with keels or tabureles, lint witliont liackwarilly ilirectoil spinuM.
Snout conical (not iliviileil nt ti]i), foriiiinjj n Htroiii; iirojection in front of month, anil
Hoiiiewluit reHenihliiiK thai of tiie Htiirgoon, arnicil at its lip with 2 pairs of spines, tiio
interior ilirectvil forwanl ( I) anil the posterior npwnril and hack wai"' the Itony ]iicccs of
which it is coni|)i)se<l witii their edges ilenticnlate, as are the sliarp keels of the siihor-
liitals; a HtroiiK hackwardly directed Hpine (closelv iipproxiiiiatcil nasal spincH) on iniildlo
iif .snout. Lateral line inarkeii hy an intcrrnpteil series of snuiki tnhnloiis and osseous
elevations, and lies hetween the 2'ad,iacent lateral series of |datOH; coninieiicing at height
iif sh.;vl(ler it desi^rilies ,i Hlightly convex curve und bends a little to run in a straighl lino
lo liase of caudal. Month alittlo protractile, with llcshy lips, and sitiintcd far hehiiid tip
of snout, cleft as far hack as front of eve. Lower .jaw- with extremely line, velvety leetli;
none on upper .jaw nor on vomer or pafatines. A ^roiip of long, nnei'inal, tieshy titanieiits
III' liarliels at each angle of upper .jaw and iiiidcr tip of siiont ; under each hran'ch of lower
jaw 2 others, which are excessively small. Kyes larue, oval, on line with proHlc; inter-
iirhitnl space a little coneave, equal to "transverse" (vertical.') diameter of orliit. .\
pro.jei'ting tubercle or spine on posterior up|>cr )>art of orliit, and another on caidi side of
iiosterior jiart of occiput. Dorsals separated hy an interval cipial to eve; the anterior
lunger than jMisterior: their form elliptical, their height nearly equal iu that of lioily;
their rays slender, llcxildc at tips, eH|>ecially those of jiosterior tin. Pectorals large,
nearly as long as head : upper rays a little longer than these next below, decreasing gnid-
iiall.v'to tenth, whence thev increase a little and again decrease by degrees to last; Slower
rays tiiickost, their tips a little exserted ; rays all sim]de (not branched). Anal comnieno-
ing under end of tirst dorsal, which it equals in length and height. Origin of venlrala
under base of pectorals; they are small (tips broken in the single individual), apparently
of ;j rays. Oauilal long, its border rounded, about 8 in total length. Color yellowisli
lirown, paler below, with a very light Idack iiunctiilation and more or less reguhir, rounti
lii'own spots on head and body; spots smaller on hack tlian elsewhere; a spot of same
form and color on base of pectorals; pectoral tins uniform yellow; dorsals with brown
upon rays; a dark border on spinous (dorsal); a dark, narrow band from anterior bor-
der of eye to tip of snout. .\ single specimen, lU) inches long. (Jhiiia. ((iuichonot.)
(riiichenot's figure gives 1 more ray in anterior dorsal than the description, and gives
the caudal tin as strongly concave {sturio, sturgeon; ct£o«, likeness.)

Paragonua sturioides, GuicuENOT, Nouvelles Archiv, Museum, 202, pi. Xtl, flg. 3, China.

^jw ,., 1 111)111, |#!|i,p.<i|ni .')fj(W(«iHfj.;^p^,wpfP uuijPiwaii « vim-ii;||i|tiiiii_pipi ,-

2064 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum,

groove; ou this ridge is a triangular spin*; puiuting backward; botwccn
thiH and tlio huborldtal spino iH an iicut«t outward-pointing Hpino ik.i
mut'h widened at its base; intororbital <'on«'av«>, its width equal to tlic
b-ngtb of th« eye, 2 in snout; sn])raorbital ri.n prominent. Dorsal
ridge of body continuouH with occi))ital and supraorbital spines, Joinin^r
its fellow of tL') opposite side posteriorly directly Ix^hind the hccojhI
dorsal, and continued simply on caudal peduncle; the spines lari>;e ami
strongly hooked back anteriorly, becoming noarly obsol«-te posteriorly,
only traceable on caudal peduncle by the center of each plate on tin-
median line being slightly produced; spines on lateral ridges with
stronger spines near middle of body than anteriorly or posteriorly; 2 or ;;
blunt spim-s above base of jtectoral, indieuting an obsolete ridge between
lateral ridges; lateral line at end of pectoral fin running along the upper
lateral ridg<j a short distance!, and becoming obsolete anteriorly; spinoH
of abdominal ridge low and blunt, neaily obsolete posteriorly, the ridgn
Joining its fellow of the opposite side directly behind base of anal fin and
continuing as a single low ridge on caudal peduncle; a small plate before
base cf each ventral, a median row of 3 running forward to gill mcni-
brane, 3 on each sid»! .tf these, a row around base of pectorals. Origin of
dorsal behind the fourth dorsal plate, including the membrane behind, it
(lovers 9 plates; 1 plate between dorsals, the sec(md dorsal covers 8 plates,
behind which are 11 plates; the last ray of first and second dorsal ami
anal connected to the body by a membrane; upper ray of pectoral tlio
longest, reaching to below the ninth or tenth spine of d'^^'sal ridge, the
lower rays slightly produced beyond th»> membrane. Color in spirits,
reddish brown above, light below; narrow, irregular, transverse streaks
across back ani sides, a longitudinal dark bar along each side of base of
both dorsals ; a dark streak forward from eye ; margin of spinous dorsal
blackish, soft dorsal with a sukall spot behind, a dark spot on pectoral
rays near their base, and some dark bars behind it across rays ; anal and
ventrals colorless; caudal dusky. Sea of Ochotsk. A single specimen,
about 8 inches in length, collected by Captain IJlair at Robben Island.
This species is related to /'. acipenneriniis and /*. gilhcrti differing fron,
the former in havhig fewer and st'irter barbels, teeth on jaws obsolete,
keel and preopercle larger, dorsal ridges without spines posteriorly, and
the spines on the preorbital ridge difterent in shape. From the latter in
having the body difierent in shape, not everywhere deeper than wide, bui,
the reverse posteriorly; anal much shorter and lower, no teeth on Jaws,
and the spines on preorbital ridge better developed and different in shape.
(Jordan & Starks.) {vcternua, an old man, veteran, ia allusion to the want
of tebcL.)

Podothecua vetemuf, Jordav & Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. ")Ci. 1895, 819, pi. 89, Robben Island.
(Coll. Capta»n BUir. 'x'ype presented by Alaska Commercial Company to L. S. Jr.
Univ. Mu8., N*». 4823.\

768. AGONUS, Bloch & Schneider.

Agonus. Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Iclith., 104, 1801 (cataphraetut).
Aspidophonig, Lacki-kde, lli.st. Nat. Poiss., ni. 221, 1802 {cataphracHu) .
Phalangistes, Pallas, Zoog, llosso-Asiat., in, 1811, 113 (cataphraetut).

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 20G5

18, ,io;niii^r

Closely Jillit'd to I'o,lolhecH8, Hody tapering, deprossed anteriorly, its
tli'pth (> to 6ji, its width l^ to 4| in its lengt}.. Head 3f to 4, dopntHued,
iihont as broad as Ion ff. Plates in dorHuI swries about 31 or 32; betwet^n
occiput and tirst dorsal 4 pairs. Plates of body kreled, without spinos.
Moutli small, Hubinferior, lower jaw includ«'d; tetith on jaws, none on
vomer or palatines, (lill membranes joined to isthmus, with a narrow
tree fold behind. Numerous scattered barbols on chin, lower jaw, and
hranchiostej^al membrane; a single ]>air under tip of snout. Snout with
1! pairs of upwardly directed spines. Fins short. Northern Europe;
tanging to Iceland and Greenland, (a-, without; yoovia, joint, i.e.,
rigid.)

2415. AOONUS CATAPIIIUCTUS, Linnicus.

(Sea-Poacher ; I'oqoe.)

Hr. 6; D. V or VI, 6to8; A. 5 to 7; P. 15 to 17; V.3(I,2); C.2(3)-7-2(3).
I'yloric crBea5orO(Day). Oreatesthoight, over base of pecto.als about7^,
and greatest depth, over pr»^opercle8, about 5 in total length; greatest
height about 1^ in greatest breadtl:. Vent lies at about ^ distance from
huso of ventrals to anal, the distance between it and tip of snout 3^ in
total length. Body anteriorly depressed, appearing Eiss so because of
prominence of dorsal ri<lges; posteriorly mueb narrowed, height about
e(iual to breadth; anteriorly, from head to about end of first dorsal, hex-
agonal; caudal peduncie hexagonal, with dorsal and ventral keels; middle
of body octagonal. Plates of body keeled, 4 pairs between head an<l first
dorsiil ; about 10 pairs from ventrals to anal ; 10 median plat(;s on peduu-
<le; plates in dorsal series about 32. Dorsal and anal fins lie in broad,
shallow grooves. V^ent between plates of third pair behind ventrals.
1 lead broad, short, its length about 4f in total length ; anteriorly nnich
narrowed, dorsal ly some's/hat concave, ventrally flat. Occipital and tem-
poral ridges each with a blunt tuberchi or spine. Interorbital spaeo
concave, considerably more than longitudinal diameter of orbit. Nasal
hones large, fused together, covering the mesethmoid, and jiTmed ante-
riorly with 2 pairs of upwariUy directed strong spines. Under these, near
tip of snout, 1 pair of small b.irbels. Preorbital scalloped or tnberculated
!it its free edge, covering maxillary. Suborbital armed with a strong,
pointed, outwardly and backwardly directly spine. Lower jaw included,
maxillary extending much behind the short premaxillary. Mouth rather
small, almost semicircular. Numerous barbels on chin, angles of mouth,
and gill membranes. Eyes small, their longitudiu.al diameter about 5 in
iiead, that of orbit considerably less than snout. Uones of top and sides
of head striated. Pi'eopercle with a strong backwardly and upwardly
directed spine; the subtriangular oporcle without spine. Brunchioste-
<;al rays 6, the membrancE united and joined to isthmus, with a fold
l)ehind(?). Teeth small on jaws; none on vomer or palatines. First
dorsal somewhat rounded, with 5 or 6, usually 5, spines; second dorsal
with 6 to 8, usually 8, soft rays, a little higher than first; (about 3 pairs
of plates between the adjacent rays of the 2 dorsals); anal begins a little

'iiti'

20G6 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

i i

'/I 1

1

■ K

f'l

i-.

If.
,1

I'l

bebiud beginning of secouil (loi'Hal, antl endH iiudnr tho poHterioi' end oT
tbc bitter, rays 5 to 7, nsually fi or 7; pectorals birgo, about as long jih
head, broadly oval in form, witb 15 to 17, nanally 15, rays, of wliicli tlx*
lower are Homewbut tbickencd and have their tips oxserted; ventralf*
about i of pectorals, rays 3 (1, 2) ; caudal rounded, with 7 long rays, and on
each side 2 to :i small ones. Scales with 37 to 40 pores. Color of back ami
sidi'H grayish bn>wn; sometimes with olive-brown markings and sonn -
what marbled with darker; ventral surface pale; 3 or 1 blackish oi
blackish-brown cross patches, of which 1 lies about midway on peduiiclc
and 1 at base of caudal; ventrul side of tail pale, with grayish-browii
spots; dorsals, pectorals, and anal grayish, with blackish-brown patches
forming indefinite bands. Males are uistinguished, according to Nilsson,
by a genital papilla and !)roader interorbitul space, which equals 1 :
dianieti^r of eye. Tho young, about 1^ inches or more, differ in maii\
respects from the adults. According to Steenstrup and Liitken they
have a less elongate body form, its breadth about 3^ in total Icngtl/;
snout less promineiit; diameter of orbit about equal to snout; the 1 nasal
spines smaller than in adult, but the keels on head and th<^ post-temporal
spines more prominent and sharper, as are also the koels and spines of the
plates of the body, especially those on anterior part of back and on tail.
Median dorsal keel of tail, which is single in the adult, i3 double almost
to base of caudal. Barbels on under sicle of head rudimentary. Ventrah
sonuiwhat longer. Vent farther back, between the plates of fifth pair
behind base of ventrals. Shari)er contrasts between the light and darl<
colors. In young of about 17 mm. (about f inch) Collett found head
4 in total length. Between second dorsal and caudal fins mere traces of
the embryonic dorsal tin. Tipper and lower jaws equal. Plates of body
with very sharp and high spines; supraorbital ridge with a high, sharj)
spine; both the dorsal and ventral median keels of tail double. Only
anterior part of lateral line apparent. In a young one of 39 mm. (about
1* inches) tho upper jaw projected considerably beyond the lower, and
the double row of plates along dorsal face of tail was nearly fused into
one (after Liitken). Total length about 8 inches, the more usual length
being 6 inches. Northern Europe to western Greenland ; * recorded from
Baltic Sea; sontberr, western, and northern coasts of Norway, as far as
Russian Lapland; Arctic Ocean, White Sea (Pallas); Iceland and Fariie
Islands (Liitken) ; Great Britain ; northern coast of France (Gervais and
Boulart). Found in 6 to 16 fathoms (except in winter), mostly on sandy
bottoms; till lately not known from American waters, it having been con-
founded with Lvptagonus dvcagonua. (£u.) (cataphractua, xaTd.(ppaHroi;,
mailed.)

Cottu$ cirris plurimit, Autedi, Ichthyologia, Part iv, 87, 1738.

Cottux cataphractvs, LiNN/EUs.Syst., Kat.,Ed. x, 264, 1758; .iiter AnxEDl ; Syst., Nat., Ed.

XII, Part I, 451, 176C; Fabeb, Naturgeach. der Fische Islauds, 117, 1829, Jutland;

Iceland.
Cotttu brodamus, Bonnatkrue, Encycl. Metb., 07, northern seas, after Olapssen, Ist. 1, 589.

* The Mnsenm of Stanford University has recently received 2 fine examples of tliis
species from Davis Straits, western lireenlaud, through the kindness of Prof. D. W.
Thompson of the University of Dundee.

1

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2007

Aii}>irinphn)u.i nnnatim, LA<':^:ri.DK, IliHt. N«t.(U>s PoImh., 111,222,1802, Atlantic Ocean.
(Utiaiihracluii schonevi'ldii, Klkmimi, Itritlsh AiiiiiialH, 210. 1H'J8, Great Britain.
AHpiilophDinx eiiropifitu, (JcviKK \ Vai.knciennes, Hihf. Nat. ik's. I'oiss., iv, 201, 1829,

sandy shores of Northern Europe; IiIciiauiksdn, Faiiiiit Itoroali-Aiiinr., ill, 4H, I8'IC.
A(jonii» cataphractiii, IlL(>iu\ Sciinkidku, SjHt. Iclitli., i, 104, 1801; (lONTiiKit, Cat,, n,211,

18(10; TiiLi,, I'roc. Ac. Niit.Sci. Pliila., xiii, 1801,10"; LCtkkn, Fon-lub. Mtddol. Nord.

rikoliHke, Vi<U'iisk.M«>(l(lt'l. Xiiturliisl. Korcn. K|iil>.,381 (27), 1870; Coi.i.Err, Norijos

Fi8k(>, :t8, 187r); Malm, (lotj'horKH och lloliiisliins Kiiimn, 400, 1K77; Day, Fislmn of

(ireat Kritain, 67, pi. 28, Ak-I- 1881; LiLUJKiioUd, Fauna, Svoriges (icli Nurgus Fiskar,

1883-84.
.ls]>iiliii)hiinis aitaphractiit, KuilvEit, Diinniarks Fiske, I, 14:1, 181(8; Stken.stkui' ifc L(!t-

KEN, Videusk. Mediltd, fra den. Naturlii.it, Forcn, KJob. 1801, p, 277, 1802,

769. STELGIS, Ciaui«!r.

Stelgit, CR.VMEH, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 821 (vulsut).

H(»(ly t!.p«'vinj>-, <l»'pr»'.sHe(l thictughont, its hoight Jibont 8, its hroadth
about 7 in it.-« It'iiK't'i; beiul 4, (l«'pn'.s.s«'»l. Plates of body spinous, ubont
|{7iii (lorsiil series; only about H median itlatesoiipedunclr; 7paiv8b«'t\v«'en
occiput and first dorsal. Month inferior, snout projecting beyond pre-
iiiaxillaries; teeth on jaws, none on vomer or palatines. One pair of hori-
zontal and 1 pair of recurved spines at tip of snout. Scattered barbels or
cirri on maxillary, mandible, and branchiostegal membranes; a few ou
under side of snout, or none. One pair preocular, 1 pair supraocular, and
li (4) pairs occipital spines. A transverse pit at occiput. Brauchiostegal
membranes joined to isthmus. {dreKyiii, or drXeyyig, a scraper.)

241C. STELGIS VULSUS * (Jordan &. Gilbert).

B. 6; D. IX, 7; A. 9; P. 14; V. 3 (1, 2). Body elongated, tapering rapidly
backward, depressed throughout, height 'i of breadth, the latter about 7 in
length of body. All plates of body armed with spines except those in anterior
and posterior parts of thti ventrolateral series; spines strong andreenrved.
Only about 8 plates in m.edian <lorsal series of tail, btit the spines of the ridge
continue, doubl*!. At base of tail on each 8i<le is a spine, between the lateral
riilges; A'ent just behind middle of length of ventrals. Lateral line about
10. Ventral surface fiat throughout. Head acutely triangular (seen from
above), depressed, depth about ^ of width, the latter about 5i in length of
))ody; length of h<'ad about 4; profile irregularly sigmoid, depressed .at front
ofeyesjthencenearly straighttotip ofrostral spines. Mouth V-shaj)ed, infe-
rior ; maxillary reaching front of pupil ; snout projecting anteriorly beyond
premaxillaries. Teeth in bands on jaws, none evident on vomer or pala-
tines. Maxillary, mandible, and branchior+egal region with small, scat-
tered cirri ; under side of snout with few barbels or none. Eye large, nearly

* Diagnosis: Body tapering, depressed throughout, heigtit about ? of breadth, tlie latter
7 in length of body, liody spinous; only about 8 nied'an plates on peduncle. Head 4;
phit(!8 in dorsal series al'tout 37 (number between last ray of second dorsal and tlrst
median plate not recorded ; all olliers 34) ; batween occiput and first dorsal 7 ; between
membranes of dorsal 4. (iill membranes joined to isthmus. No teeth on vomer or pala-
tines. Scattered barbels on maxillary, mandilde, and branchioslegal membranes; a few
on under aide of snout, or nunc. One )>air of liori/.ontal aiid 1 pair of recurved ., pines on
snout. One ])air ]>reocular, 1 pair supraocular, and 2 (or 4 /) pairs of occipi'al spines.
Dark brown, with 7 to 0 cross bars ; tins mostly dark.

i'- J

I' i

2068 BuUetm ^7, United States National Museum.

ns lung iia auont, 3g in heud, tho orltital bonoH forming a ridge around it;
intcroi'bitul spacu concave, struight longitudinally, with a longitudinal
groove and 2 alight ridges. Spines on head highly developed ; 2 pairs rostral
N]>ine8, 1 pair directed horizontally forward and the other pair behind
these, recurved upward, backward, and outward; behind these a smalloi'
jiair projecting upward (mesethnioid spines) ; orbital lidge serrated, witli
a peculiar spine anteriorly and a supraocular spine posteriorly ; occipital
ridges with 2 pairs (or 4 pairs) of spines, space between them roughisli,
somewhat concave, with truces of a median keel; between those ridges,
at occiput, a consi)icuous transverse ])it, broader than long, longer than
deep; temporal ridges more prominent, each with 1 spines, last one voiy
strong; a median row of minute spines im back and top of head; subor
bital ridgo extending from front of preorbital across clu^ek, Avith 2 or li
irregular aeries of spines and tubercles, and ending in a strong preoper-
(^ular spine; below this on preoperclo 3 or 4 other bluntibh spines; opeicle
with ridge and 1 or more spines ; between 70 and 80 more or less developed
spinous processes on head. Branchiostegal rays 6 ( ?) ; membranes united,
joined to isthmus. Plates between occiput and first dorsal 7; between
dorsals about 4 (number between the adjacent rays of the 2 fins not
recorded). Anal rogi«m beginning under end of first dorsal; pectorals
reaching eleventh plate, with minute spines at their base; ventrals short.
Color dark brown, with 7 to 9 darker cross bars, extending on fins ; one
bar across caudal, 1 across posterior part of second dorsal and anal, 1
across posterior part of first dorsal and front of anal, and 1 across front
of first dorsal ; pectorals black with whitish edging and a pale bloteh
near base; other fins chiefly black, anal with whitish edge; ventral
surface pale. Total length of known individuals reaches 4-iV inches.
(Jordan & Gilbert.) Deep water oft" San Francisco, California; known
(uily fnmi the original type, taken in a parranzella or sweep net, near Point
Reyes, 1880. (vmIsms, beardless.)

Agonus vulims, Jordan & Gilbert, Pro(\ F. S. Nat. Mns., in, 1880, 330, Point Reyes, near

San Francisco. (Coll. Jorilan vt Gilbert.)
I'odothecvt vultus JoKTiAN & Gilbert, Synopsis, 730, 1883; Jordan, Cat.Fiahos X. A., 114,

1885.
SteUji* vuUvt, Jordan & Starrs, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 821, pi. 9(i.

Note. — ^Allied to Stelffis and Averrnncua is the single Antarctic genus,
which may be thus defined :

AGONOPSIS, Gill.

Agonopnn, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xiii, 1861, 107, 259 (chiloentiK).

Body 8-hcdral, peduncle 6-hedral ; head depressed, its lengtli a little more than 4, its
width 5, and its deptli in front of nape a little less than 7 in length of bmly. Jaws nearly
equal, teeth on jaws and vomer, and an imperfect row on palatines. I'wo pairs of spines
on snout, 1 pair preopercular, 1 pair supraocular, and 2 pairs occipital spines; a deep
transverse depression at nape. Plates in dorsal series about 37; 7 pairs between occiput
and tirst dorsal ; plates of body with curved spines. Barbels under tip of snout, anil
scattered on chin and lower Jaw, and sparingly on branchiostegal membrane. Gill mom-
braues united, joined to isthmus. Antarctic. (.i^rontM; oifftc, appearance.)

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. L*OOJ)

AUO.XOPSIS nilLOKNSIS (Jniiynrt).

Tl.Oj 1 I).8; 2 D.7; A.H; lM4i V. :i (1, U) ; C. 2-11-2. lutuiorbitiil Bpiico concavo, a little
li'.tx than iliiimi-ter of eye, with a ]>air of Aliarp iiiiiior loii^itiiiiiiiiil rid^^fa ttTiiiiiiatiiiKata
trnnHvt«rH<> groovtt licliiiiil i\vt!H. Snout (Iocm uot project buyoiitl uioiitli; larger margin of
Hiilioi'liitai witli an iiTo^iilar ritlt;<i fornirtiof l)liintiHh tii1)urcluH, tlx' laHt tvnninatiiiK in a
Miinute ba<-l(war(ll,v dirootnl 8|iiuu. Limit of ]ireo|)t<rolc witli W ilivor^inK snioutli ridKua
(lilatint; at their (^xtmniitieH into :i tlatteiutd Itliint points ; operclti witli a anialler apino-
li'HS ri(ige. Jawa about equal, the upper a littUt longer, with narrow bauds of teeth;
leeth on front of vomer and a abort imperfect row on eaeb palatine, (iill menibranea not
notched, attached to iathmua; gill opi-ningH largo. Darbela short, on ehin, lower Jaw, and
branch ioategal membrane (a ]mir alao on under side of tip of snout in (Ig. 1, ]>1. 7). 'I'em-
poral and o<-e,ipital ridgea present, formed of granulated tiilM-rcles (the occipital "tuber-
cles" very phiinly in the form of 2 pairs of spines in the tigure) ; between occipital ridgea
a aliglitly raised longitudinal line ; a deep tranavcrae depreaaion at nape. Temporal
ridgea end in a sharp point not prolonged into aiSpine. The carina) ed jdates moroaharply
serrate than in .1. cataphravtut, the spines curved. (All the ]ilates apinoua tnmthead to
caudal in fig. 1, pi. 7.) Six alightly .serrated acalea forming on breast a somewhat trian-
gular ]iatch, 2 aingloonea atanding first, the 4 othera in pairs. Second and third rays of
second dorsal largest; anal under second dorsal; pectorala rounded, C> in length; ventrals
scarely more than J of pectorala. Vent a little anterior to u line connecting the extrem-
ities of ventrals. Ccdor in spirits, dusky graj' above and on aidch, paler below ; a
l)Iackiali transverse band under front of first dorsal, 1 under anterior and 1 under jioste-
riorend of second dorsal, 1 in middle of ]iedi!ucle, and n trace of a fifth behind this;
body mottled in places with blackish, and the flus, except ventrals, are of the same hue.
(Jenyns.) Coasts of Chile and Patagonia, (chiloensiii, living at Chiloe, an island ott'
Patagonia.)
Anpidoi-phoius chiloennis, Jenyns, Zool. Voyage of the Ueagle, Fish., 30, pi. 7, figs. 1, la, lb,

184U, Chiloe, west coast of northern Patagonia (Coll. Uarwin) ; Gay, Uiat. Chil.

Zool., II, 174.
Aspidophoru» niger, KlKlYER, Ichth. Bidrag. Naturhist. Tidsskr. i, 238, 1844, Valparaiso.
Agonus chiloeniiiti, GUntheh, Cat., ii, 216, 1800. Valparaiso.
Agonoptu cldloennin, (Jill, I'roc. Ao. Nat. bci. rbila., xiu, 1861, 161.
Agonus niger, GOntiiku, Cat., ii, 215, 1860.

770. AVERRUNCUS, Jordan & Starks.

Averruncu*, Jordan & Starks, Proc. Cal. Ai'. Sci. 1805, 821, pi. 91 (einmelane).

This {jomis ia very close to Stelgis, with which it agrees in the nmgh
armature, the prescuco of cirri on the gill meribraues, and in other
respects; differing in the presence of teeth on voioer and palatines; anal
lin very long, of 11 rays; lower rays of ])octoral exserted. North Paoiiic.
{Averruncui, an averting demon, from the armed head.)

a. Snout rather long, the rostral spines protruding. kmmelane, 2417.

aa.. Snout shorter, the rostral spines scarcely protruding. stehletus, 2418.

2417. ATEBRUNCUS EMMELAXE, Jordan & Starks.

Head from tips of rostral spines, 4 in length v^f body ; depth 7^. D.VIII
or IX, 8; A. 11; P. 14; lateral line 35; orbit 4 in head; snout, to tips of
rostral spines, 3^; maxillary 3f ; interorbital 6^; pectoral If; second dor-
siil spine 2if ; third dorsal ray 2^; longest anal ray 2^; caudal fin 2. Body
elongate, snbcylindrical, the caitdal peduncle long and slender, very
slightly depressed, about 3 plates in front of caudal tin it widens slightly

ai

I

2070 nulleUn ,/7, UniUd Slahs National Museum,

and Ih cuiii])roHHe(l; hclly Boiiifwlint |tr<tiiiiiioiit, bruakiiiK the utlirrwiso
Htniight vui'ticiil niitliiio from chiu tu raiuliil tin; tlorsal oittliut) Htrui<ilii,
frtHii u«;cipnt to ciuuliil tin. Ileud, iih viewud tVoiii aliuvv, alinost i'rgiilurl\
triiint^nlar, thu |iroiiiiii<-iit ]ireo]>oruiilur Bl>ilH!^' uiid tbe Huoiit forming; tin
niigloB, its doi-Hul prolile irreguiur, iniicii broken by HpincH. Muiitli
inferior, broitdly U-Hliaped, maxillary reaching just past the vertical from
front of orbit; lips tUicik, coven-d with short, line papillii-; iipp<'rjaw ]»ro-
trnctile; teeth small, in villiform bands on the Jaws, vomer, and palatintM;
the distance from the anterior edg<< of premaxillary to *>ud of the ros-
tral spin<-s is b-ss than A the b'ngtli of aiiont; 2 cirri as long as pnpil
nndcr rostral spines, anterior lower edjf<' of preorbitals with cirri, n
gronpof 3 cirri on end of maxillary, and a group of 4 or 5 on jtosterior omi
of mandible, 1 on the middle of each branch iostt'gul ray, thrse forming a
lino from isthmus to opercle, an area on chin from the mouth to the hval
bones that is " woolly " with short cirri ; 2 or U on lower edge of opcnlc
and interopercle. A pair of parallel rostral spines )>oiuting forward, tlmir
tips covered Avith skiu; )>ehind them is a tlocp oval pit, on the anteriur
outer edge of which are a pair of sidnes that point upward and outwani
and an' slightly hooked backward ; at the posterior end of the pit are 1.*
spines, smaller than those above and slightly curved backward; a group
of \ short spines around anterior edge of eye and 1 large triangular spine
over posterior edge; the interorbital Hpac<i is deeply concave, with a low.
sharp ridge on each 8i<le of the median Jiue; preoporele very rough, witli
irregular spines and tubercles; middle of suborbital st.ay with a strong,
hooked spine; below the stay, on the naked area, are 2 or 3 plates witli
spiues on their centers; angle of ])r«'opercle with a largo, sharp spine;
along the lower edge of preoperele are 3 or 4 blunt spines; a ridge of I
spines running back from each eye corresponding with the dorsal keels of
body; below this <m each side is a ridge, somewhat irregular, but not
broken into spines, terminating in a spine that points between the dorsal
and upper lateral keel of body; a snuill ridge ou ui)per edge of opercle
which does not end in a spine ; a few small spines around posterior edge of
opercle ; a few minute spines along mediau line of top of head, the upper
part of the eye covered with minute prickles. At the occiput is a deep
pit, broiidor and deeper than long, divided by a low ridge through its
middle. Body with 4 ridges on each side formed 1>y the body plates, each
plate ending in a strong recurved spin«s except those of the abdominal
ridge, which are smooth ; a row of minute si)ines along median dorsal line
from lirst dorsal to occiput; small spiues following the lateral line; no
trace of keels or spines in front of veutrals. The abdominal ridges
widest apart on the belly, uniting on tenth plate in front of caudal
fin; dorsal ridges uniting on ninth scale in front of caudal fin,
but the spines continuing double to the tail; a row of sharp, small
spines around the base of the pectoral and caiidal fins; dorsal spines
slender, the fins highest in front, the second spine the longest, its tip
reaching to the base of the next to the last spine, where fin is depressed;
last ray adnate by membrane to the back ; third dorsal ray the highest,
its tip reaching nearly to the last ray, where fin is depressetl ; Ihe last ray

i'-i^K>.u -,■;.- t-..'^.: ?t.-

'■■.■r?&/j-:-.-.ii---r'j.;-

Jordan and Evrrniann. — Fishes of NoHh Annriai. 2071

iH very Hliurt iiud iitliiiiU; tu tli« IhkI.v for tho whole uf IIh Irnj^tli. Kower
liiyH uf ])uct(>i'iil liitH prudiicud, <>xt<>iiiliii^ l)ey«>U(l tht^ iiieiiiliriino, tho
longest extending; l)eyi)iHl tliu upper r.iy of the I'm; iiiiul luii;r(M' and lower
tbiiii soft dorHui, endiii); at the HiiiiiM rm leHpunding pliico, hmt my roiu'h-
ing to the fift*j«'nth pliitu before t-iiiidal tin; ventriil ditfeiing in length in
the dillei'ont HexoH; vent anterior, Hitnated on the tunth plate in front of
anal. Color dark brown, belly white; Hides i>rosHe«l with irrejjular wliite
bara, gi\ in;; the IIhIi a mottled appearance; snout black; a black Htreak
iilon^ lower ed^e of ]M'eopercle; a black Hpot on iriH above; dornals li^ht,
mottled with black; anal white, with dark mottlin^H, a dark bar acroHH
the poHterior rayn, the tips of all the rays Avhite; ventrals black, alirnptly
white at tips; pectoral and caudal dark, with a wliite border, a li^lit spot
in the center of tinb and many white spots on the rays; a black spot at
base of pectoral. I'nget Hound; known from 2s])0cimenH, uidlected with a
seine near I'oint Orchard, the largest 7 inches in length. (.Ionian &i.
Starks); another since taken at Port Ludlow, {tv, in; fieXdvify ink,
from the dark colors.)

Avernmeui emmelane, Jokdan i Stabks, rnic. Cnl. Ac. Sri. 1895, 821, iil. xci, with
]ilate, Port Orchard, near Seattle. (Coll. E. U. Starks. Typo, 3135, L. S. Jr. Univ.

MU8.)

Id: blie last ray

2418. AVEIlRUM;ns STKBLKTUS, Gilbert, new speciea.

Head 4? in length; eye .3J in head, width at l»ase of pectorals 7; depth
«i. 1). VII, 8; A. 9; 1M2 »»n each side; :W plates in dorsolateral series.
Very closely related to A. cmmdunv, with which it agrees in c(>](»rati(»n and
gtmeral a]>pearance as well as in mo^t details of structure. It diHers in
the following resitects: The snout is shorter, the rostral spines scarcely
protruding beyond the pn'Uiaxillaries. No Vuirbels on snout below rostral
.spines, «)r on margin of preorbital, or at mandibular Joint. Kegion between
rostral spiiui and front of pr«'niaxillariBs wholly occupied by a triangular
movable plate, with rough granular surface; breast with 3 jiarallel .series
of sharply keeled ]dates; no spine at posterior end of premaxillary fossa;
ventrals very long and slender, wholly white; spinous dorsal, anal, and
pectorals with fewer i-ays; rostral projection shorter than in A.iinmelane,
with 2 short forwardly directed spines, behind which is a pair more
widely separated directed downward and backward; supraocular ridge
elevated, not shar}), tiuely granular, with preocular and postocular spines ;
ridges and spines on head as in A. emmelane, but none of the former
rough serrate. Eye large, longer than snout and more than twice the
interorbital width. Mouth little ovt-rpassed by the rostral spines, the
maxillary reaching slightly behind front of orbit, 3i in head. Teeth
present on jaws, vomer, and palatine. Barbels fewer than in A. emmelane;
3 present on maxillary, 2 of which are at its posterior end, the upper
much the longer; the third inserted more anteriorly behind the middle
of the maxillary; 8 shorter barbels are i)re8eut on each mandibular
ramus, the posterior only near the Joint; several short barbels on gular
region, and a cross scries on each branchiostegal membrane, usually 1
barbel for each ray. Plates on body as in A. vmmelanef all with sharp

",..;ii iiJ".'-'-*v-ay^ -V. ■

2072 BiiUdin //, United States National Museum.

HpiiirH, which ant premMit though Hinnll in t)i<> vnitnil H<rii>H; iiiidiHe .,i'
lnrast witli 1 im-dlaii iiiul 2 lateral .srricHorjthvtcH, all of which ))«ai»liHtiii( i,
luii^ritkiiliiitil UocIh; th<' 2 liitcral ritl^OH on hrt-aHt htiii^ tin- aiitriior loiitiii
nation of thn ventral rid^i'H of the trnnk; HpinonH dorsal lie^rinnin^ at lih^
Heventh<lor.sal plat<>, the lant doiNal Hpino ai tienlatin^ with tlie thirteen th
*])lat(s the fii'Ht and laHt rayH of tlie soeoiid dorsal articulato roHpeerive!\
with theei^hteentlt and twunty-funrth ]iljites; the tloiHal seri»H unite al tlic
thirtioth idatti, tho niudian neiies of !> phites thns forniud hearing doulde i>r
hifitl H|dnnH tlirou^hont ; tho tirst and t\w last anal rayM artienlatin); reHpn .
tively with the sixteenth and twenty-third jdateH of ventral sern-s (e\
elndiu^thimnterior :ion hreaHt); the ventral Heri<-Heoaleseiii^ iiiiniediatel\
opposite the union of thei dorsal series; the anuH is ojiposite tho intei-
Hpuee between the third and fourth plates; ventral spines lon^ and sler,-
der, e<|ualtng length of snout and eye; pec'torals eijualinK len^rth of be.id
ill advance «)f opercular joint; five lower pectoral rays with incised
membranes, tho tips proieetin}r. Color, similar to A. tmmvlam; the back
and sides with 7 or !S uarr«>w Idack cross bars, the posterior of wlii( li
extend faintly on tho under surface; the interspaces «»n back are somc-
Avhat dusky, with lighter vermieulatin;^ lines and spots, afewof whidi
extend on the bars; the dorsals have a speckl*;d appearauce and ari
darker when they lie above the black dorsal bars; head blackish al»ov( ,
the head and body lifjht ov slifjhtly dusky below; V(Mitrals white; anal
white, with some black nuirkin^s nloii^ the base of the rays; pectoriils
with a wide black bar at base succeeded liy a wide wli'to bar; then
folhiw a narrower black Itar and a narrow terminal whiti* bar; caudal
with a uarrow l)a8al bar of Idack, then a narrow white bar f«dh)wed l»y .i
)»road Idack bar and «Hl<?ed with white. Coast southern California, (Joro-
nado Island. The type, a spciciinen 4.^ in<dies lon^, from Albatroaa Station
3602. {titcrlctuH, sturgeon ; a modern Latin word, probably derived from
Starh.) (Typ<» in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.)

Averruiictm tterletua, GiLiiEur MS., off Avalon, Coronado Island, in 47 fathoms.

771. SARRITOR, Cramer.
Harritor, Cramer, in Jordan <t Evormann, Clieck-List FishoM, 448, 1896 {frenattt$).

]$ody tapering uniformly to base of cautlal ; head 4 to 4A, depth 6 to X
in standard length. Plates on body nearly all without spines. Plates in
<lor8al series 38 to 45, 5 to 6 pairs betwiM-n occiput and first dorsal. No
largo knife-like plate over eye. iJoth dorsal fins present, rather long, tin-
rays growing shorter behind the last adnate to ba<rk. Four to 6 pairs of
barbels about mouth, 1 pair under tip of snout. A pair of recurved spines
near tip of snout. One pair of supraocular and 1 or 2 pairs of occipital
spines. Teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines. Gill membranes
joined to isthmus, without free fold; no barbels on gill membranes.
Lower rays of pectorals with free exserted tips. Vertebra; 40 to 46. This
genus is very close both to Podoihecus and to Odontopyxis, differing from
the former in the presence of vomerine teeth, and fr<»ra the latter in the
absence of a free median plate at the tip of the snout. Its relations to

Al-^fS-i;.::'^,..

_i^-. ^j^t^^^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Amcriia. 2073

AxurruncHH are Htill rlontT, tlio cliM't' tlitleroiico liriiit; in tbf Hiiio«)th pliUeH
ot'tlio hotly and in the iiljHeuco oi' cirri on the ^iH muiubruues. (narritor,
one tliut Hcrapi>8.)

0. Snout tnodornte, aliont i Icnfftli oC IioaiI ; vcntrali* <1nrk in innlo. FRRNATt's, 2410.

iia. 8uuut vury loDKi |ir<Hliict>il in it Hat, trliuiKulitr piecu vxHiTti><l for ii iliiitiinciMMiiiul

tofurbit; voutrals i>itl<'. lbi'touuvncuuh, 2420.

8410. NAKBITOB KUKNATirN, ' (iilltcrt.

Hoad4ito4i. D. VI to VIII, 7 or H; A.fiorT; IMr>; V. 1.2; 0. 11, with ft
I'lniiiuerit; latiTiil lino 10. liody Blij^htly dopreuHt'd, tiiprriiiK ro^uliirly
hiutkward from occipnt, the depth iiboiit J of tlio width ut l)»8u of pec-
((inila. The rid)re8 nro prominent, tho dorsal and doraoluteral ridguH pro-
vided witli 8trongHpin«>H, the ventral and ventrolateral HorieN with weaker
si'urcely diaf^ruilile apinos, all dccreaHing in Hixe backward, becoming
iilmolote on caudal peduncle. Doraal face deeply concave anteriorly, ita
tidges coaleacing, from 3 to 4 platea beliind the doraal lin; other faces
much leaa concave, the ventral ridgea coaleucing, 3 or 4 platea behind the
iiiial Hn; platea in doraal aerica 44 or 45; 5 or 0 pairn between occiput and
lirat doraal, 9 or 10 under first doraal, 2 or 3 between dorsals, 7 or 8 under
Recond doraal, 17 or 18 behind doraals; about 25 plates on breaat, conaiat-
iiig of a atrong ntediau seriea which bear a well-marked rounded ridge, a
Hi rong lateral aerica at edge of breast also projecting, and a number of
small platea occupying the concave intermediate areaa. In young speci-
inuna the breaat platea have central elevations, and bear each a back-
wardly directed spine; these disappearing in adults; a number of anmll
irregular platea in front of and on baae of pectorala; membranaceous iu-
ttM'vala behind and around vent smaller than in Podothecna acipetiscrinitH,
occupied by 8 or 9 irregtilarly arranged platea, not in paira and not cor-
ri'Hpouding to thoae of the ventral aeriea betAveeu which they are inter-
calated; medial part of branchioategal membrane and the gular rcgioii
covered with roundish plates, the whole forming a halberd-shaped patch ;
liitcral line running on a series of small platea occupying tho middle of
tlie lateral face; anteriorly these entirely disappear, the lateral line
ascending and running, on tho upper lateral series; about 5 large platea,
sometimes bearing spines, lie behind upper axil of pectorals, between this
ascending portion of the lateral lino and the inferior lateral series or
platea; head depresaed, tapering rapidly to the snout; depth of head at
occiput f ita width at preopercular spine, the latter contained 6^ times in
length of body. Eye large, the orbit about e(iualing length of snout be-
hind the serrated rostral ridge, 3A to 3J in head; snout somewhat vari-

' Diaj^nosis : Body tapering nnifornily from occiput to caudal, a little more nlonder thnn
Pndotheeus aeipenserinut, depth about j[ of Mridtli at base of pectorals, tho latter 7J to Tjj
ill Ifugtli; head 4). FlatOH iu dorsal series 44 or 45; between occiput and first dorsal 5 or
6; lietween dorsals 6 or 7 ; from ventrals to anal 14 ])airs. Six ]>aira of barbels, 1 on under
hIiIo of snout in front of premaxillaries, 1 near and 2 at tip of maxillary, 1 atanjile of
nioiith, and 1 at side of lower .jaw. A itair of perpendicular serrated plates at tip of
snout, behind these a curve nasal spine. One pair mescthnioidal, 1 pair supraocular, and
1 pair occipital spines. Teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines. Gill membrauca
Joined to istlimuB without free fold. Last ray of each dorsal shortened and adnate to the
back. Light grayish with a few indetlnite blotehes and bars of darker on sides and back ;
pi'ijlorals with several narrow dark cross bauds near base and broader ones toward tip.

3030 53

T

IJ M,,Him«i|||li« 1 1 ip^llippnil ■,VIH..WIIVUP* I III WJiW.^w «,»if«-«w.i

W I™'

1

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i*

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!.•'

^5

<

lit

1

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«/ s

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-■at- "^"3

2074 rhiUdiu ^7, ^'////^v/ .S'/aA-j National Afiisnim.

ttblo ill Inn^th, iivrriigitig i^ tifiiil. 8ii|ir»ociiliir rUlgoH Htroiif;, iiipix.,
eiuliiiK in » Hliort ntroii^ H|iin«<; an inner piiir of ritlg<>H occupy iiig ||i,<„
of iiitvrnrbital gnM»vc, very broad and cloHoly joined antrriuriy; tlui
triaii(;iiliu- H|>a<>o iiwliidi-d between these latter rid^eH flat and opeiiiii)r
postfrioiiy onto tbo dopreHHed (»uoipit»l area; occipital rid({ufi low,
rounded, ending in vi^ry Htron^ 8pin«-B which form the lirst of the iloisil
Hi-rieH; 2 or It Hinall rounded proJcotitmH inuy occur on anterior rid^cN oi
the occipital HplntH; top and aidert of hra<l more or Ichh cloHrly i^'M't
with very \\\w prickleH, wiiioh arc niont thici^ly cliiHtercd on ocri|iiit,
interorbital area, U)i|>iT part of opercleH, Huborbital chain, and Hidis of
Hiioiit; a row of jtrickleH on eyeball JiiHt aliovu pnpil; temporal liil^i
uneven, Honiotimes interrupted with a long, ntrong poHterior Hpine: n
Htrong H])ine, Homctimea with an accoHHory tubercle on middle of clnck;
preorbital with 2 paira of apinea placed vertically, the upper oiivn dj.
reetod outward and upward, the lower apinea diroctted downward ;iii<|
backward; roatral ritlgea roii^h, usually terminating ])oHteriorly in a
pair of apinona ])ro)ection8, which are located midway between tip of
anoiit and front of pnpil; anteriorly, at ti]> of anout, theae ridges ex|iiiiid
to form Niich a vertically projecting rounded apinona ]o1>e, the posterior
apine of which ia much the atrongeat, and ]ioiuta backward and outwiud.
In the very young the laat-montioned spinea alone are present on an'mt,
and are directed very obliquely backward; anteriorly ridgea conver;{e
from them to tip of anout, and are very minutely serrulate; these ri(l^r,.H
afterward increase in height and in strength of serrations, and biti ome
the spinous lobes already described; two strong diverging spineN ut
angle of preopercle, and 2 rounded lobes below them. Three large ])iiitcN
and a number of smaller onea occupy cheek below suborbital stay. Pos-
terior portion of mandible expanded into a rough projecting bony promi-
nence. Mouth hori^^ontal, overpassed by the snout in adults for a diatiincct
equaling ^ or leas than | diameter of orbit; snout not noticeably pro-
jecting in the very young. Maxillary reaching slightly beyond iVoiit
of orbit, equaling ^ length of snout and eye. Teeth in broad bands in
Jaws; a distinct patch on iront of vomer, none on palatines. Braucbiim-
togal membranes broadly joined, with a very narrow free fold posteriorly,
or with none. Six pairs of barbels on underside of bead; Ion under Hi(!<>
of snout in front of prcmaxillaries; 2 at end of maxillary ; 1 near mid-
dle of maxillary; 1 on lower lip just below angle of mouth; 1 forke<i for
\ its length at middle of side of lower lip. In their distribution, reiii-
tive lengths, and in the constantly bifid character of the last deacrilt'd,
they com^spond exactly Avith the barbels of L. dccagoHus, but the iiittcr
has apparently none on under side of snout. Interspace between dorsuls
somewhat variable, 4 to | diameter of orbit. Anal beginning 2 plates in
advance of second dorsal ; pectorals 5^ in length of body, the lower riiys
graduated, 4 to 6 of the lower ones thickened, with exserted tips; vcn-
tral fins nearly twice as long in males as in females, in the latter h'ss tliau
diameter of orbit; caudal slender, Ij- in bead. Color light grayisii or
brownish, pale below; a bluish bla<'k atripe from ventral spines to I'roiit
of orbit; suborbital, ])reopercle, and operde with numerous dark spots;

Jordan and Evcrniann. -Fisfns of Korth America, 2075

II <1nrt< liloti-Ii oil tliM Miil«« opixmiti' iiiitlill*^ of fh'Ht iIoihiiI; a faint dtirk
Itur iiiiiUm' tlio luitoriiii' aiitl ii similar uno iiiiilor |MiMt*<i'i*)i' pjut of stM-onti
tlorMal; Ixtth iloiHalH witli inilt'tinito oltlitjiip tlaik ImiimIh; |i«u-t<>ralH tint k
i<\i'«tpt tlio lowt'i' priixiiiml itait, wit li iiairuw ItaiH nf Itlai k ; vuiitraln ii^lit
ill t'iMiiale, <larli in iiiait'; anal tlark puNttU'iiirly ; i-aii)liil dark, faintly
liarriMl. CoaHt of AhiHka; known i'roni . I //>(i/ri*NH Stat iniiM :il.M!), :(2'jr), ;{1'2H,

:l\Vn;i:w.mlw,:»l\-.s.;j2(;:».:jl'uh.:l'7!^ :l'82. :j:io!K 1^ \\xm\ locat««a on '.oth

sitloH of tho I'tiiiiiiHiila of AhiHka anil hotli nortli aiitl Noiitli of lli<> Ali'iitian
ihain; tloptli ItS to ;(.'*() fatliotna. ((iiiliort); alHoolitainiul at rrovoHtniu.va,
Kaiiu'liatUa. {J'nnaliiit, iiriilli'il.)

<)ilonfo/ti,xiM/fi-nahii>. (•ii.mbut, ltt>|it. I'.S. KIhIi Coinni, IHin (IHitnt, 4:i5, |il..1U. IIk. :i. Alaaka
and Aleutian UlandH, at Atbatroas Stationa 3315, 3219, and others, in 16 to 331
fathoms.

3420. NAKKITOIt I.KI'rOltllYX'IHS ((illlicrt).

lU'iuX I ill ien^rtli; Hiiniit 2^ in IhmviI in HpflcinuMi KM) nun. lon^. Kye
,'t.i, <>i|naliii^; it^n^th of maxillary ; intrrorhital witli jj «\v*>. DraiH'IiioHtnKul
iiit*nilirant's lirmully uuittHi, uxti'iinivoly frco laterally, Joinod to iHthniiiH
iiicHially to i^xtrt'ine posterior niaruin, or leaving; a v«(ry narrow margin
iVi-o. Toctli ]>rfH(>iit on JawH and on voinur, nont- on palatiiuH. DorHal
VI to VIII, t> or 7; anal i\ or 7; pectoral II ; vuntral I, 2; jiuctoralH loii^,
rt'iicliiii); to or lM\vond niiddir of H))inoiiH dorsal, an loni' •>.:, H:!out and uy*i;
M'litralH eiiiialiu^ lt>n;{th of Hiioiit. V«ry iIoh** to ><. frmiatiia, with whitih
it a);r«0H in urrangt'nioiit of platuH, HpineH on head, and harliclH; di.stni-
utiinhahle at onuu liy the elongate ahMider Hnoiit and ditt'ering in fhe
I'lillowing niinieronH detaiJH: The body is Hoinuwhat broader and more
ileprrHHcd, itH grt>at(>Ht depth a little I«>hh than ij itM greateHt width, which
occurH a«'ro8H preopmnlar HpiiH^a. The body ii.irrows "«piilly backward
to below Hpinoiis dorsal, as in young S, j'rinatnn of the Hiinio Hi/.e. Coin-
|iared with S, fretitttiis of the suiiie 8i/,i>, the jdates on body ari> much less
spinous, the superior and inferior lateral ami the ventral series in some
specimens bearing spines <hi a few of the anterior plates only, and the
spines of dorsal series are lower. Five i>lates before dorsal, 10 under
spinous dorsal, 2 between dorsals, 7 under seeontl dorsal, and l(i on candah
pt'diinrle. The inferior lateral ridges rise anteriorly, greatly constricting
llie lateral face under anterior ]iart of spinous dorsal. It then descemls
slightly and becomes almost or iiuite ol)solete, the series of plates ending
lichiiHl the upper pectoral rays. In S. J'lfnntiiH, the constriction of the
lateral fa«e does not occur, tho ridge is strongly marked anteriorly, and
ends below middle of jiectoral base. In S. leptorliynchits we have, there-
fore, a much narr' • "r interval between the anterior ends of the upper
mid the lower lateral series. This interval is occupied by but 3 plates,
arranged in a series, decreasing in size backward. The upper preoper-
ciilar and the humeral sidnes are much larger than in S. J'rinaliiH, the
former greatly overpassing the second spine. The rostral s])ines are sinii-
liir, but the terminal plat«' roughened but not .serrate, the posterior s])ine
not detached. Snout greatly produced into a narrow triangular piece
which overpasst^H the mouth, for a distance e(|ualiiig iJ diameter of orbit in
a specimen 100 mm. long. In specimens of ^. frcnatus of this length the

r m 'i

2070 JJuikiin //, Unikd Staks National Musi urn.

%
to-

.*i'"

^1

i'IuIn of tho roNlriiiii tiiii l>un<ly \w Nr«ii from Im-Iow. A low pricklcH profWht
on iippHi' Hitltt of I'imtriiin, iiihI the iiniiuI H«>ri<>H hIiu\ «t pupil. Minutely hi r.
"itttMl ri«lK<>H 1)11 Hidi'H <»r NiiiMit, mill 1 iiolow «v«i. No pilrklcH on top i i
ititliiH of lirail. riutcH on ltruiirliioMt«>);til iiittiiiliriint^H unil on {{iiliir leKini
Haiiill«<i- mill iiion- niitiicroiiH tbmi in S.fnnaliiii, Twenty pluti-n on liriM !,
witlioiit Hpiiii-N, or tlio yoiiii){ with vtry Nniiiil oik'h. CdIoI' ilmki'i' tliiin m
•V. JiriialiiH, tli» uiiiImi' piirtH iinniurkiil iint<-riorly, dotted poHti'iimly wi ||
lii'own; iippor |im-tN ilurk liiown in r.piritH, with it or 7 iiion< or Ii>hh ih .
tiiict bluok bmiilH, wbii-li iiro iiiiirKiiH'd narrowly with ii^litur; a hja. K
Htri'iik furwurd IVoin rye, and Novrral liiack HpolH iiml idotiiliim on hIiKm
of houd; i^iindal hhu^kish; Hot't doiMal diiHky, olmriii'ily marked wiili
lighter; apinoiiH dorHal black, Hliarply blotchfld with piiru white; voutiali
and lower puutoral niyH white, the uppor part of pectoralH with olmciuc
barH of black. CoiMt of AiuHkn. A fow HpeciineiiK froiii .IIIiiiIioiih m.i.
tioUH :{2ir>, '.V2V.\ KIT)!), and \V2Vu, north and Hoiith of tliu AlaHkuii IVninHiii.i,
in :{2 to r>!Mathoini«. (dllbort.) (AfWroj, HltMidcr; fjvyx»(, tiinmt,)

Oilonliii>i/xiii Uptorhinichiiii, Uilmkht, Hcpt. I'. S. KihIi (^oiiiiii. 18U;i (imW), 4:i7, Berii);
Sea, north of Alaska Peninauls, at Albatroaa Station 3267, lat. a'- 13' 30" N., loii^',
l63"J9'W. (Type, No, 48727. Coll. .1 Wm/ri)*».)

77a. XYSTES, .Jordan A Starks.
XitltfK, Jordan & Btauks, Proc. Cul. Ac. 8ci. 1895, H2i {iixinnjthryt).

This (jfi'iuiB is allied to AvnrunniH, difl'«rinjj; in its shorter vertical (iii>-,
the ruys of both dorsals being snbcqual, the last of iM^h not much shortein d
and not adnato by membrane to the skin of the back; the lower ruy^ u(
the pectoral pro^^resHively shortened; plates on body very rou^h, tin*
spines strong; n strong knife-like spine above eye; no barbels; no pit ;it
the ouoixnit. North raoitic. {ivdn/^, one that scrapes.)

8481. XYNTKN AXINOPHRTN, Jonlan & Starks.'

Head 3i in length of body; depth .5. D, IX, 8; A. 10; pectoral IT);
.lateral line 38; orbit 4 in head; snout to tip of rostral spines 3,'^; iimx-
illary 3]^ ; Interorbital 3^; pectoral lA; highest dorsal spine 2A; highest
dorsal ray 2; highest anal ray2Jt; length of caudal tin Ijj. Body elongate,
Biibcylindrical, deepest and broadest at shonlders; belly prominent;
dorsal outline straight from first dorsal spine to caudal tin, curved up
anteriorly to occiput. Ilea^l very irregular, innoh broken by large spines;
mouth inferior, rather broad, maxillary reaching to the vertical from front
of orbit; lips thin, not broken up into papilhe; upper jaw protractile;
teeth small, in villiform bauds on jaws, vomer, and palatines; the anterior
edge of premaxillary directly under the base of rostral spines; a few very
small blunt papilhe behind chin, a barbel at end of maxillary, not ^ so
long as diameter of pupil. A pair of sharp rostral spines pointiii<;
forward and upward; behind these a pair of curved spines pointing
upward, outward, and backward; between these and behind the rostral
spines an almost circular pit which is ontively occupied by the upjxr
end of the premaxillary process; interorbital wide and concave, a slight
median ridge, running from the rostral pit to a point above pupil, eacli

Jordan and HiwnnaHH. — fishes of North .hfur/ttt. 2077

liiiiiti-ly HIT-
■H on tup 11
({iiliir leitl'in
•H on liri'ii-.!,

rk«M- tllllll :i

niorly wi h

' ur l(>HH ih

ter; a ))lu< k
!ll«fH on h1iI> H

iiiirkt'd Willi
itc; vuiitmls
with olmniic
illmlroim M;i-
tn PcniiiHul;!,
nioiit. )

[H)), 4:17, Beri'ii;
83' 30" N., loin;.

■ vertical tin-,
iicli shortfiii (I
lower ra.VM »(
•y Ton^li, till"
i«>ls: uo pit iit

; pectoral 1;'>;

ines H/i; niax-

e 2A; lii|;hcst
ody elouKiitf,

y prouiiiHMit;
u, curved up
large spines;
Milfroni fmnt

ff protractile;
the auterioi
)8; a few veiy
lary, not A so
ines pointing'
iues pointiii;^
ud the rostral
by the ni>]»<i'
leave, a siiglit
fo pupil, eacli

,iiii< of which Ih an niitwiirdly oiirvod rid^c eliding in a niitinti' npinc;
over iMich «yo in tlin liirKCMt npinu on thn head or hody ; the lar^e trian-
:(ilitr orliital Hpinc, itK Ihiho occupying iieurly th<> wiiolo npaeo almve
< yc, Hharp and ntronKly hiiol<i>d l>urk ; on the anterior part of i's Iiiihi< a

mall, Nhi'ip, pn^oi liital Hpinr, pointint; upward; a Ht-rieH of tniniitr HpincN,
: mining nirdially along the top of the lioiid and body, from a point
iirtween th«^ orliital spincN to tho lliHt doiHai npine; on cai-h aide of tlicHe

iri< 2 largo Idunt HpincH with traccH of a Kinallcr «>no between tln-m, con-
linuoUH with the doiNnl keelH of body: farther down and eontiiiuon".
witii the upper lateral keel ut' body Ih a ridge broken up into I iiregul ir
^pincH, larger than the body H|)inoH; I triangular > pines on edge of
jireoporcle, the upper one the largeHt; a very irr-giilar ridge running from
upper preoperenlar Hpine, under eye, to HtiuUt; a ridge (mi upper part of
• iperch-. Kody with l ridgen on each Hide, formed by the HcnIeH, eaeli of
which enda in a Hpine; traces of ik ridge lietween lateral ridgcH, tlie nidnen
on altdoniinal ridgcH an sharp as thoHt> t>n rest of body; a Y-Hhap«>d ridge
iif HpineH in front of ventrals, the forks toward the ventrals and the
liaHc ending at gill membrane; a raiHod area liotwcen vi>ntrnl tluH, run-
ning from their base to their tipa, which in entirely covered with small
liricklcH, the anus in the posterior end of this; dornal and nbdnndnal
I'idgcH coalescing with their fellowa of the opposite side, but coming
together HO gra«lually that it ia imposaible to tell exactly ^vhcre they
unite as the Hpinea continue distinct to the eandal lin. Small spines
('ov(>ring the outer ]iartof the liaseof the pectoral; a ring of apines around
caudal Itaae; occiput abruptly higher than body, but Hcarcely forming a
pit as body is altout b<vel liehind it. Hpinous doraal highcat in front, the
seciuul spine reaching to baae of last Hpine when fin in depreaaod; the
iluraal rayH Hui)e<iual in length, the hiHt not Hhortened and not adnate to
itody, last ray reaching to the tenth plate liefcue caudal tin; pectoral tin
poHt«>rior]y rounded in outline, the lower raya not pnulnced, reaching to
sec(md plate before anal tin; ventrals amall, reach ing ,j uat paat vent; anal
longer and lower than aoft dorsal; doraal and anal ending at the same
corrcaponding place; caudal (in rouiuled behind. Color in Hpirita, gray
with 7 or 8 tlark cross bara; head uniform gray with the exception of a
dark Hpot atocciiuit; Itelly dusky; dorsala aoiliewhat mottled ; anal black
with a white apot near ita middle; pectorala white with a large black
spot on baao of raya; ventral black, abruptly white at tipa; caudal black,
edged with white. I'uget Sound. One specimen, 1^ inches in lengtli,
dredg(^d at I'ort Orchard, near Seattle. (.Jordan & Starks.) Another
since taken at I\)rt Ludlow. (Ǥ//';/, an ax; oi/tfjvg, eyebrow.)

Xytte» axinophryi, Jordan \-. Siahks, Prm;. Cal. Ao. Sci. 1895, 824, pi. 02, Port Orchard,
Admiralty Inlet. (Coll. B. C. Starks.)

773. BATHYAGONUS, Gilbert.

Bathyagonus, CilLniRT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., xni, 1890, 80 {nigrijnnnin).

Spinous doraal developed ; lower jaw the longer ; plates of body spinous ;
gill membranee united to isthmus, not forming a fold across it; tet^th well
devehipcd on jaws, vomer, and palatines; pectorals not notched, the

L,'.i.?/.i -Lrf jjk-

W^ii',^^

" m

2078 • Diillctin 4.7, United States National Museum.

upp<^r raj'H longest, the lower heconiitijj reRulnrly HlinrttMied ; Imncs of
li«!i(l thin ami yiehliiijj, the system of iiiiicous r-anals very stroiioly
devoloiuid. Dcoii-soii, Agonoids. (kadi's, deep; Jf/OM««.)

2422. BATIIYAOOMIS M(mIPI^^\IS/ Cilhert.

B. 6; 1 1). 6to «; 2 D. 6or7; A. 7 to9; P. 15 or 16; V. 3 (1, 1) ; C. 1-11-1 ; v.i
tt'l»'ie 11 + 31 — (45). Pylorie cn-ca 5 (1 individuiil). Hody dcprcsscl
throughout, <h'pth ,;* of width, the IjittcT !»■; iii body h'ngth ; sluirply octat;-
ouiii, tail Ktnnigiy deprcHsed hexugoual, its httcral luces very narrow.
TIk^ ridges eonipressod; the small sharp spines present on all the ridgt s
from head to caudal except on the median V(^ntriil series of jiednncle and
the first few plates hehind the pectoral in the imperfect lateral series.
One to 3 |)iiir8 of plates between last ray of second dorsal and first median
plate, and 1 or 2 pairs between last anal ray and first median plate; 1 or 2
plates in front of and 4 or 5 small, sharplj' spinous plates on base of pec-
torals; about 22 plates, radially striate, elevated at the center, sonu^ of
the strongest iniiiutely spinous, on breast in a median and 2 lateral rows
(the latter continuous with the ventrolateral series) and in t.ie ridge-likc
rows forming the edges of breast; no plates nn-dially on posterior part or'
the branchiostogal mtnnbrani^ or laterally on the anterior part; from 1 to W
or 4 well-developed i)lates on front part of lower side of lower jaw; the
membranactutns '.iiterval behind vent, between the ventrolateral series,
occupied by about 5 to 9 plates, partly arranged in pairs; none between
ventrals and vent. Head 4J to 5 in body, nnu'h depressed, its greatest
depth ;| of its greatest width, the latter equaling width of body; snout
broad, flat, shovel-like, nearly equal to long diameter of orbit; orbit
<d)long-oval, its v<'rti<'al diameter jj of the longitudinal, the latter 3 or a
little less in ht^ad; interorbital space concavt*, about as in trtacunthua, but
broader, with a pair «)f minor longitudinal ridges, about 9 in head, about
2 in vertical diameter of orbit; the moderate supraocular ridges ending
in a sharp spine, the 8<"arctdy developed occipital ridges with 2 pairs, of
which the anterior is low and blunt; the well developed temporal ridge
with 2 or 3 small spines and terminating in a larger suprascapular spine;
bridge across <'heek close under orbit with about 1 spine on preorbital, 3
on suborbital, and ending in 1 on preopercle; 1 of about the same size
below the last on preopercle. Cheek below ridge with 2 to 4 (usually 3;
spinous plates; nasal spines small, sharp, directed backward; movable
median rostral plate small, varying in size and s'lapo (disappearing with
the prolongation of lower jaw), its lateral expansicms usually free, as
spines; 3 small upright diverging spines (only 2 systematically placed in
1 specimen). M(uith ol)li<iue, lower jaw somewhat protruding, maxillary
searrely reaching front of orbit. Teeth moderate, present on ja\\ s, vomer,
and palatines. Two barbels, 1 large and the other "^nall, at tip of maxil-

* Diagnosis; Roily slender, taporing uniformly, <1ei»r('8s«(l thioiigliout, its dei)tli \ of its
widtli at bas'^ of pectorals, tin; latter 9j| in Icngtii; head 4,} to 5 in lengtli. Plates in tlio
dorsal series 43 or 44 ; Itetween occiput and first dorsal 7 or 8; between dorsals 6, some-
times 7; between ventrals and anal lit to I."} pairs. Lowar .jaw protruding; 2 barbels at
tip of ea ,li maxillary; median rostral )ilate jjrescint, witn It small diverging spines: nasal
spines small, separate; 1 p.iir supraocular and 2 ))nirs occipital s))ines. (till membranes
.{oiucd to isthmus. Under side dusky, lighter nbovt^ ; all the fins blue black.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2070

liiry, nono on lowor jaw, t)io mucous porog bordertMl l»y lobod flaps. Gill
lutMubruufs broadly uuitt'd, joiuod to iHtbmus, witbout fn-i^ fobl. Dorsiil
lins well 8*>pii rated; anal bt'^rinning alraut 3 plates i<i front of beginniu^
of second dorsal; pccforalH 5[} in body, tln-ir bam^ 3^ in tlieir lengtli, witli
1') or 16 graduated rays, tbo uppermost lon}{(>8t; ventrals of malo nearly 3
in bead, "bout equal to long diamt-ter of orbit, tbo'"« of female ^ to j| as
long as tbose of nial«>; caudal a))out 3 tinier as long as wide at baHc. Lat-
eral lin«( witb 43 or 44 pores; plateH spineleHs, ratber large. In a young
male 2 incbes long tbe nie<lian roHtral plate Ih absent, all tbe plates on
breast sbarply ridged and spinous; vent near tip of ventrals, ^ of tbe dis-
tance from ventrals to anal, witb 5 pairs of minute spinous plates between
ventrals and vent. Hody not tapering uniformly; broader in front, nar-
rowing abruptly near front of tirst dorsal; tail not so mncb depressed;
bead 3i in body lengtb. Color ligbt above, blue black on under side of
bead; breast and belly dusky; all tbe lins intensely blue black. Pacific;
known from tbe Aleutian Islanis, Bering Sea, s(mtb to coast of Wasbiug-
ton ; abundant in 350 to 477 fatboms. Here described from Dr. Gilbert's
typ-is. Dr. Gilbert observes:

In adult HpecimeoH tlio lower pectoral rays show a tendency to elongate, as in Xenochi-
nig. but tlio fln is never distinctly notched. The lo wer jaw always strongly itrotrudes,
and the genus ditl'ers fiirthi^r in the \'ery thin cranial liones and the inordinate develop-
ment of the mucous system. In addition to the specitic characters mentioned in the
original description, Ave note that the eyeball does not exhibit the usual row of prickles
and that 2 barbels arc usually jtresent at end of maxillary, either black or white in color.
The mi^iority of the specimens were obtained r.orth of Unalaska Island, but it was also
taken south of the Islands, and otf the coast of Washington, at AlbatroM Stations 3210,
Oiiie, 3:t24, 31125, 3320, 3330, 3331, 3337, and 3343 ; depths 109 to 483 fathoms.

{niger, black; pinna, fin.)

Bathyagonug niijripinidg, GuatiiUT, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 80, Aleutian Islands and
coast of Washington. (Coll. Alhaiross.)

774. XENOCHIRUS, Gilbert.

Xenochirus, Gn.BERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. AIus. xui, 1890, 90 (triacanthua) .

Spinous dorsal present. Jaws equal or tbe upper tbe longer. Plates of
body spinous. Gill membranes united to istbmus, the posterior edge
sometimes forming a very narrow free fold across throat. Tip of snout
with a movable median plate or spine. Teeth well developed on jaws,
vomer, and palatines. Pectorals divided by a deep notch into 2 portions,
tbe lower composed of greatly thickened rays which are simple and fre-
quently longer than those of the upper lobe, these lengthened rays not
usually developed in the young. A series of small spines on eyeball above
pupil. North Pacific. This genus is very close to Jialhijagonus which
represents it in deeper water. Both are near Odontopyxia, but the relation
to Avvrruncu8 nuA Sarritor is more remote, {^evo^, strange; X^ip> hand.)

Ilostral plate with 3 upright spines.
h. llreast with numerous plates.
hh. Breast smooth; plates of body rougher.
r. Kostral plate with 1 upright spine.

c. Gill membrane with jiosterior frtm fold.
ee. Gill membrane without posterior free fold.

FENTACANTHUS, 2423.
ALASCANUS, 2424.

LATIFHON.S, 2425.
TKIACANTHC8, 2426.

^

2080 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

1- i

A

St' 1

^1

' '1

J .M t

^

iti- i-;(.'M '

J. ^

2428. XKXOCIIIRIIM PKNTAfAMIIIIH,* Gilbert.

B.6; 1 D.5to7; 2 D.5to7; A.6to8; P.14orl5; V. 3 (1, 2) ; C. 1-12-1 ; vor-
ti^brui 12 -f- 28 = (40). Pyloric cd'ca 5 (I individual). Body S-liedral,
HllKlitly depressed; peduncle considerably depressed, hexagonal, the lat-
eial faces narrow. Spines of body small and ehar]i, projecting backwjud
nearly parallel with axis of body, decreasing gradually in size froni hcud
to caudal in the dorsolateral and superior lateral series, poorly dev«^lo))n|
on the inferior lateral series only from behind the pectoral to opposite
front of anal, entirely absent from the ventrolateral series. Plates on
breast, 2 pairs in front of ventrals, followed anteriorly l)y 3 median siufjlc
plates; on each side of these a longitudinal row of 4 or 5 smaller platen,
continuous with the ventrolateral series; outside of these the plates form-
ing the (^dge of the breast. Branchiostegal membrane posteriorly with ;}
or more very weak plates medially, or none at all; none on the incin-
branes laterally ; 2 or 3 fairly developed ones in front part of under sido
of lower jaw; the membrane behind vent studded with several poorly
developed plates, none between ventrals ond vent. Head as in X latifroiix,
but more depressed and slender; snout not quite so short, blunt; greatest
depth of head J of its width, the latter 7 in length of body; orbits largo,
oval, their longitudinal diameter 2^ in head; a slightly curved row of l
or 5 backwardly directed small spines on eyeball just above pupil; intcr-
orbital space deeply concave, with minor ridges very narrow, about 3J^ in
long diameter of eye, 9 in bead; a single pair of supraocular spines; the
poorly developed occipital ridges with 2 pairs of spines, of which tlio
anterior is very low and blunt; temporal ridges moderate, terminating in
a blunt spine; the interrupted ridge across cheek less prominent and shell-
like than in A'. latifrons, bearing 1 spine (sometimes 2) in front of anterior
inferior angle of orbit, 1 or 2 on suborbital, and a single broad flat spiuc
(sometimes preceded by a very small one) at posterior edge of preopercle ;
cheek below ridge entering into ventral surface of head with a longitudinal
series of 3 or 4 plates ; nasal spines sharp, far apart; median rostral plate
small, movable, variable, its lateral expansions exposed as spines and with
3 (in 1 specimen 4) diverging spines directed upward and backward; not
projecting beyond premaxillaries; maxillary reaching very little beyond
front of orbit, entirely covered by preorbital. Jaws equal ; teeth on jaws,
vomer, and palatines. Two barbels at tip of each maxillary; those on
iinder sido of mandible inconstant; occasionally a very small pair near tip
of jaw, at the 2 ends of the terminal mucous pore ; another ut edge of next
niucoiis pore nearly constant, but very variable, long, short, or only a small
pimple, single, double, or even a pair on each side; occasionally a very
small one at e«lge of third pore. Dorsal fins separated by a moderate

* Diagiiosis : Body slightly depressed, its depth a little less than its width, taperinia:
moderately, and thj tail tapciing more gradually toward the caudal; width of body at
base of pectorals 7 in length ; head 4J ; plates in dorsal series 39; from occiput to first dor-
sal 7 or 8, between dorsals 5 or 6, from ventrals to anal 12 or 13 pairs; barbels 2 at tip nf
maxillary, those on lower jaw inconstant, usually 2 pairs. Median rostral plate small,
nearly vertical, with 3 upright spines; nasal si>ines prominent, separated; 1 nair of supra-
ocular and 1 pair of uccipitarspuies. Teeth on Jaws, vomer, and palatines ; gill membranes
joined to isthmus without free fold. Brownish olive above, pale below ; 4 or 5 dusky cross
bars on back.

Jordan and Rvcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2081

-12-1; ver-

r 8-he(lr!il,

III, the lilt-

backward

fnrtii head

«lev«'l<)i)nl

bo opposite

PlatcH (111

(lian Bin<;U'

Her pliitcH,

)lates foriii-

orly with :{

I the iiioiii-
nnder sido
eral poorly
A', latifruun,
it; greatest
rbits larg*;,
hI row of l
upil; iuter-
aboiit 3^ in
Bpiucs; the
f which tlio
minatiug in
|it and shcH-
; of anterior

II flat spiiii'
preopercle ;
ongitudinal
>stral plate
es and with

ward; not
tie beyond
th. on jaws,

; those on
lirnear tip
jdgeof next

nlyaamall

ally a very
moderate

Jth, tapering
Ih of body at
kt to first dor-
^Is 2 at tip of

plate small.
Jjair of snpra-
|1 munibranes

> dusky croHS

Hpace; flrst dorsal with 5 to 7, nnnally 6 spine j; anal begins 2 or 3 plates
in front of second dorsal; pectorals 6J^ in length of body, their base 3 in
their '"^ngtb, the lower 5 or 6 rays <;xHerted, separatiid from the upper by
a notch in the adult, the 2 or 3 uppermost of the oxsertod rays sonitttimeB
longer than the longest upper rays; ventrals of female a little less than
long diameter of orbit, J as long as in male; caudal 3 times as long as wide
:it base; lateral line 39 to 41; pore plates thin, weak, spineless. Color
olive brownish, pale below, with 5 faint cross bars, 1 beneath tirst dorsal,
I between dorsals, 1 beneath ])08terior part of second dorsal running up on
lin, 2 on peduncle; these bars often indistinot or absent; a blackish blotch
in axil; caudal black, narrowly edged with white; dorsals dusky, darker
toward tips, second dorsal narrowly white-edged ; pectorals dusky ; short,
black streaks on rays forming indefinite cross bars, those at base aggre-
•rated into a blotch ; ventials light in both sexes. Length 7 inches. Deep
waters of North Pacific, Bering Sea to San Diego, in 70 to 339 fathoms.
Here described from Dr. Gilbert's types, {icivre, five; axav^a, spine.)

Xenoehirxu pentacanthui, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mua. 1890, 91, Bering Sea and off
San Diego. (Coll. Albatrois.)

2424. XENOCHIRUS ALA8CANUS, Gilbert.

Head 4^ to 4^ in length; width of head equaling or slightly exceeding
length of snout and eye. Depth of body equaling length of snout and i
eye. Fin rays in 8 specimens as follows :

Spinous dorsal.

Soft dorsal.

Anal.

V.
1

VI
4

VII.
3

6.

7.

7.

8.

6

2

7

1

Pectoral 15 or 16. Ventral I, 2. Lateral line 39 or 40. A decided pit
behind the eyes, and a deep transverse nuchal depression, the two separ-
ated by the prominent occipital region. Snout of moderate length, much
depressed behind the spines, 3^ to 3^ iu head. Eye 3 in head in adults.
Interorbital space wider, much more deeply concave, the supraocular
ridges very heavy, minutely roughened, ending posteriorly in robust
8])ine8. Rostral spines as iu X. pentacanthna. A small apical plate bear-
ing 3 small diverging spines, behind which are 2 longer ones. Preor-
liital with a small spinous point directed backwards. A spine posteriorly
on bony bridge across cheek. Below this bridge, the cheek is entirely
mailed by 3 rounded plates which bear no spines, except in the young,
and .so intimately joined that the sutures are difficult to discover. In
\, pentacanthu8 the plates are much smaller and do not entirely cover
the cheeks, leaving soft areas surrounding them ; the 2 posterior plates
in this species also bear spines. Maxillary 3;| in head, barely reaching
front of orbit. Teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, the usual row of 5
or 6 prickles on eyeball. Prt'opercle with 3 diverging spines at angle, a
rounded lobe beneath them; spines and ridges otherwise as in A', penta-

r

i!

wmmi ''•

H^H^ '

^HR ■ ra,

H^'^ i

W''^

1 '■■!

^"i" ,*

Ir^ ..;

'^)f

2082 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

canfhus, but strougor uiid ronglusr; 3 or 4 strong platea ]ire8ent on
giilar merahriine; a few weak ones or none on brancliiostegal tneuibranu
niesiiilly. Two bar)>rls at tip of vnvh maxillary, and a pair, often double.
on under side of mandible arlHing from tbu margin of tlio anterior pair <>{'
mandibular pores. Tho symphj'Heal pore bas its margiii sometimes pK,
vided with very short barbel-like elevations. Space b»'tw«'en dorsal ridycs
V .ry deeply concave in front of dorsal tins; the single rid^ie behind dorsi.l
fins provided with very short, scarcely precept ible, double spines; lo\V( r
lateral series of plates <*ontinned forward to axil of pectorals, becomiiif;
indistinct in A', pentncanlhus; ventral series anteriorly with few short
spines or none, this series strongly spined in A', pfntacanihim; ])lates (ni
breast arranged alike in the 2 speeies, l)nt in A'. aUismiiiis they iire moid
finely striate, and bear neither spines nor raised centers, exeept ii) very
young examples. In A", pnilaeanfhiix the elevated centers nuiy or may not
bear short spines. Seven plates before dorsal, 8 or 9 under spinous dorsal,
2 or 3 between dorsals, 7 or 8 under soft dorsal. 13 or 14 b(>hind dorsals.
Distance from snout to nape etiualing or slight y exceedinr "hat from naiui
to first dorsal. Front of anal under end of spinous dorsal or slightly
l)ehind that point, more anteriorly placed than in A', prnfacanlhua. Ven-
trals 2Js to 2)} in head. Lower pectoral rays produced, with incised mem-
branes as long as head behind rostral spines. Color lighter than in A.
pevtacanthitH, more or less ihiely speckled above, usually with 5 or G dusky
cross bars on back; a series of liaear dark blotches below the lateral line;
head often finely speckled with brown, and showing traces of a brown
bar forward from eye to snout; dorsals, caudal, and upper half of fiec-
tor%l light, finely speckled with brown, the caudal shaded with dusky;
ventrals and anal white. Most nearly related to X. pentacanihtta with
which it agrees in having a rostral plate b«'aring 3 spines and in tlu!
absence of a free fold to branchiostegal membranes. It difters cinspicu-
ously in the l>roader liead, with its mui^h heavier spines and ridges, in the
presence of deep jiostocular and nuchal pits, in the smooth breast and
cheeks, in adults in the difterent coloration and fin rays, and in many
other different details. Aleutian Islands; taken rather abundantly in
the vicinity of Unimak Pass, both north and south of the islands, at
depths of 56 to 138 fathoms. (Gilbert.) Taken by us oflf Karluk. {alas-
caviis, pertaining to Alaska.)

Xenochirus alascanus, Gilbert, Eept. IT. S. Fish Comtu. 1893 (1896), 438, Unimak Pass
Aleutian Islands. (Coll. Albatross.)

2425. XE\OCHIRUS LATIFBO\S,* Gilbert.

B. 6; ID. 6 or 7; 2 D. 7; A. 7 or 8; P. 14 or 15; Y. 3 (1,2); C. 1-11-1;
vertebric 12 + 29 = (41). Body as deep as wide, 8-hedral; caudal .po-

* Diagnosis: Body slender, taperinfr uniformly from head to caudal; depth equalinjj
width, the hitter at base of pec'onils 8J in length ; licad 4J. Pliites in dorsal sefics 37 to
40; between occiput and first dorsal 6, occasionally 7; between dorsals 4 or .t; from ven-
trals to anal 13 or 14 pairs. One hirge barbel at tii>Vf maxillary, 1 pair near tip of lower
Jaw, at edges of terminal mucous i)6re, and 1 at edge of next pore. Median rostral plate
present, with a single upright spine. Nasal sjiines i)romiiient, separate«l; 1 pair supra-
ocular and 2 pairs occipital spines. Teeth in .jaws, vomer, and palatines. < Jill membranes
joined to isthmus, with narrow free fohl behind. Dusky olive, paler below; 5 or 6 indi^i-
tiuct dark cross bars; spinous dorsal with black margin.

'jf\tJSi^^J^L& IuJ^^^»^^L•tdir^^b^i^^^^.^•dLui.^^ ^^

Jordan and Rvcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2083

|)TeBent on
ineuibraiK;
ten <l(»ul>lt>.
rior pair nl
)tinies pill
[>v8al ridjiCH
liiiul (loisiil
iiich; lowi r
>,, becomiiiii
I few Hhoit
; plates on
ly lire move
i-ept ii> v«'iv
r or niiiy not
nous dorsal,
itid dorsals.
[»t from naiii^
1 or slightly
nihua. Ven-
ncised ihphi-
r than in A.
5 or (5 dusky
I lateral lint';
g of a \)ro\vii
half of pe(
I with dusky;
canfhua with
8 and in the
ora cinspicu-
ridges, in tho
I breast and
,nd in many
undantly in
e islands, at
rluk. {alas-

|, Unimak Pass

});C. 1-11-1;
I, caudal .po-

depth equaling
lirsal series 37 to
, or 5; lr(>ni veii-
jar tip of lowtT
lian rostral plalo
m\ : 1 pair suprii-
fOill menibraiitrt

Dw ; 5 or 6 indis-

diinclo depressed, 6-hcdral. Tlio thin, sharp, curved spines present on
all th'« ridges; on the dorsolateral and superior lateral series, from
hca<l to caudal; on the inferior lateral ccries, from opposite front end
of first dorsal to base of caudal ; and on ventrolateral series, from base
of pectorals to a short distance in front of anal; 2 pairs of plates
lietween last ray of second dorsal and first median plate, and 2 pairs
between last anal ray and <irs\ median plate; about 23 oval, striated
plates with raised centers on breast; no plat"s on branchiostegal mem-
brane; 2 or 3 anteriorly on under side of mandibJe; a small plate or
none in front of pectorals. Mombranu behind vent with (5 to 9 small
plates arranged in i)airs, uono bciween ventrals and vent. Head de-
presse<l, its depth J, of width, the latter (across preopercles) 7 in lengili of
body; snout short, blunt. Orbits large, oval, the vertical diameter J
of the longitudinal tliamcter, the latter 2.V in heatl; 3 to 5 small, baok-
wardly directed spines in a slightly curved line on eyeball Just above
pupil, Interorbital space very narrow, 7 in Iwad, deeply con<'ave, with
2 minute bmgitudinal ridges. Supraocular ridges with 1 spine, the
poorly develojied occipital ridges with 2, of which the anterior is much
the smaller; the interrupted suboibital ridge close under orbit, well
developed, with 2 spines «m suborbital and 1 on preopercle; no plates on
lower part of cheek, Avhich enters ventral surface of head ; nasal spines
sharp, far apart; median rostral plate small, its lateral expansions em-
bedded in the skin, a single, small, median, curved, upright spine. Max-
illary reaching slightly beyond front of orbit; lower jaw a very little
mcluded; well developed teeth in several rows on jaws, vomer, and
palatines. A single long barbed at tip of maxillary ; a small pair at ends
of the terminal mucous pore, n»;ar the tip of lower jaw, and another just
i)ehind this at the edge of the next pore, the former sometimes, the latter
frequently, bifid or a pair on ea<'h side. Dorsals fairly separated; second
dorsal higher than first; anal beginning aliout 1 plate in front of second
dorsal ; jiectorals 6^ in length of body, their base nearly 3 in their length,
with 14 or 15 rays, the lower cxserted, separated by a notch from the
upper rays in adult, the 3 or 4 uppermost of these as long as or longer than
the longest upper rays ; ventrals of female a little less than long diameter
of orbit, f as long as those of male; caudal broad and short, its wi«lth at
base a little more than 2 in its length. Lateral line with 39 or 40 pores;
the plates small, spineless. Color, dusky olive, light bel \v, the back
with 5 or 6 faint dark«'r crossbars; axillary region blackish, soft dorsal
and caudal with the rays black; si)inous dorsal with a conspicuous jet-
black margin; pectorals somewhat dusky above; ventrals pale in both
sexes. Total length reaches 7.V inches. Deep waters of the North Pacific;
coast of Oregon to San Diego and outward; abundant in 50 to 204
fathoms. Here described from Dr. Gilbert's types. (/«/«», wide; /rows,
forehead.)

Xciiochirus latlfront, (iILHEIIT, Troc. V. S. Nat. Mas. 18it0, 1)2, off Coast of Oregon and
off San Diego. (Cull. Albatruss. )

2084 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

>^

9490. XKNOnilRITN TRIACANTHUN/ (iilbcrt.

U. 6; 1 D. 5 or «; 2 D.(J or 7; A.6; P. 13; V.3(I,2); C. 1-11-1. li.xly
(leprcsHecl tliroii^liout itu longth, Hharply octagonal, ]>«-(Iiin<-Io Iiuxiigoiiul ;
the sbiirp, delicato HpincH ]>ri>8ent on all the ridges from liuml to caudal.
t'xcrpt tlie fh'Ht few plntcH uii the inferior lateral, and oil the ventrolateial
from a short distance in front of anal to candal; one pair of plates hotwccn
last ray of srcond dorsal and iirst median plate (the first li median ])lat('-
sometimes each with a piiir of closely approximated spines) and 1 pair
between last anal ray and first median plate; ahont 25 radially striatcii
plates on breast, 5 or 6 small cues ou posterior part of gill membranes in
front of breast, 1 on each side anteriorly, and 3 or 1 well-developed ])Iat('s
on front part of nnder side of mandible; intervals between ventrolatuiiil
behind vent with 12 to 15 small plates, mostly in pairs, none between
ventrals and vent. Head more depressed and elongate than in X. pintacan -
</tM« and latij'rons, its depth ^ in width, the latter 8]^ in length of body;
snont elongate triangtilar, nearly e([nal to long diameter of orbit. Orbits
oval, the vertical f of the longitndinal diameter, the latter 3 in bend; a
slightly cnrved row of 3 to 5 spines on eyeball above itnpil. Interorbital
space narrow, concave, withont min(»r ridges, 9 in head. Snpraoenlar
ridges ending in a sharp spine; occipital low, with 2 pairs of spines, ol'
which the anterior is low and blnnt. Temporal moderate, ending in a
sharp snprascapnlar spine; snborbital ridge moderate, close under orbit,
with 1 spine on suborbital and ending in 1 at edge of preopercle ; below tlic
latter spine, another, broadly triangular; 3 or 4 well-developed s]>inele.ss
plates on lower jtart of cheek, which enters into ventral surface of head ;
nasal spines strong, sharp, far apart; median rostral plate small, movable,
slightly overhanging, premaxillary (its lateral expansions as free spines*
bearing p. single upright spine; lower Jaw u little included, maxillary not
reaching orbit. Barbels probably varying much, for they diflfju' markedly
ou the 2 sides of the jaw in the single specimen examined. Dorsals well
separated; anal beginning about 1 plate behind the beginning of second
dorsal; pectt»rals Ty^ in length of body, their base i',^ of their length, witli
13 rays, the 4 lower exserted, separated from the rest by a n«>tch, the 2
uppc- jf these 4 longer than any of the other rays; ventrals of male 2)
in head (in female probably shorter); wii'th of caudal at base 2| in its
length. Color olivaceous, with traces of darker cross bars on back, fins
light oi" somewhat dusky, rays dark ; ventrals i»ale in both sexes. Descrip-
tion t, liven from Dr. Gilbert's type. Total length reaches 7 inches. Coast
of Calif) II Ilia to coast of Oregon, in 47 to 204 fathoms; a specimen also
taken ntl Point Keyes in 75 fathoms. (rfjFjg, three; auavQa, B]}ine.)

Xenoehints triacanlhus, (iiLiiERT, Prod'. S. Kat. Muh. 1890, 01, coast of California, at Alba-
tross Station 3893, in 145 fathoms; Jorman &. Stauks, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1805, 827, pi. U;i.

* Diagnosis: liody tnpering uniformly from liend to caudal, its depth i of width at bnsi-
of ]>octoral8, t)io latter 8J iii Jength; ht'a<l 5 or a little Whb. Plates in dorsal snries ,'tH;
between occiput and first dorsid 7 ; between dorsals 5 ; between ventrals and anal 15 pairs.
Two barbels at tip of each maxillary, 1 pair at edge of the terminal mucous pore on iukIit
side of mandible, 1 at edge of next pore, and 1 at edjje of third ^K)re. Median rostral pinte
with a single uprigiit spine. Nasal spines ]>ronuneut; 1 pair aiipraocnlar and 2 ]mu'8
occipital spines. Teeth on .jaws, vomer, and ]>alatines. Gill membranes joined to isth-
mus, without free fold. Olivaceous, with traces of darker cross burs; tins light, the rays
darker.

m

'>liJe: ■.,.L..i.;.v^':^j ;ii..k^iiy^S.-^y«li*.-:.:i4l;;^

Jordan and Ever maun. — Fisltvs of North Amcu'ca. 2085

775. ODONTOPYXIS, L«ukii.>rton.
Odontopj/xU, LcM'KINOTON, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mum., il, 1870, ;i2H {tri»i>inofut).

lioi'.y very Hluuder, dopieHsi'd, ta|H!riii^ uiiiroriuly from knul to oaiulnl;
b«i»<l ;H t»> H) the width of body 0 to 7, doplh «» to 8 in It-iij^tli ol' l»o«iy. A
dtntp pit ludiiiid ocripiit with ii longitiidiiiiil rid^e in its hottoni; pltiti-H in
dorsal surioH 35 to 10; both dorsal llns prrsout; 1 (;{) niys in tirnt, (5 (7) in
HtM-ond; teeth numerous on JiiwH, vomer, iind piiliitineH. (jill nn-nibraiieH
l)roadly joiuud t(» iHtlinina, without lr«-«^ folil; ti hIu^Ic npri);ht Hpinc on
nuMlian rostrai plate; Hiipraocular H])in<'s Hmall, sharp; '2 pairs of hlnnl
oucii)itul spiues or tubvrcles. {odovs, to«»th; nv^ii, box.)

8427. 0D0NT0PYX18 TKINIM>OSUN,~ LockliiKtmi.

B. «; 1 D. 4 (occasionally 3); 2 D. (5 (o.casionally 7); A. 5 to 7; T. 11;
V. 3 (1,2); C. 1-11-1 (sometimes l-KM); pyloric ca-ca f) to 7 (1 or 2 .»ry
smrU; 3 individuals). ]{ody octa^<mal, the fa<'es a little concave; spines
small, sharp, present on the dor8olat«<ral and superior lateral series nearly
fnun head to caudal ; a few very weak ones on inferior lateral ; none on ven-
trolateral aeries; about 3 long, sharp spines on ea<-li side of base of cand '
on the terminal plates. Two or 3 pairs of plates l)et ween last ray of second
dorsal and tirst median plate, ami 1 or 2 pairs between last anal ray and
tirst median plate; 18 to 20 quite large, radially striat«Ml plates on breast,
0 or 7 of varying size in front of, and several minuto spinous on«'s on l)a.se
of pectorals; 3 or 4 strong plati's on median part of gill m<*mbranes pos-
teriorly, 1 to 3 on oach side in fiont, 3 or 4 on under sid«^ of jaw, so that
the whole of under side of bead is well armored; 1 or 2 plates between
ventrals and vent, the latter surrounded by small tubercles. Head sonn*-
what u^pressed, its depth i^,, of its width, tbo latter 7 in length of body;
orbits nearly circular, the longitudinal diameter about 3^ in bead; a few
minuto spines on eyeball above pupil; snout pointed, equal to orbit;
interorbital space concave, narrow, § of longitudinal diameter of eye;
occipital and temporal ridges weak, A deep transverse pit behind occi-
]»ut, broader in front, its bottom divided longitudinally bv the cranial
ridge above the foramen magnum ; suborbital ridge ino<U .(e, 1 spine on
preorbital, and a very blunt flat one at posterior edge of «q>ercle; 1 <»r 2
blunt flat projections below the latter sidne; oporcle with a ridge and 3
to 7 (»r 8 minute spines or prickles along its posterior border. Cheek b«'li)w
suborbital ridge entering into ventral surfa*'e of head, with 2 or 3 well-
developed plat«'8; several small plates in a longitudinal sc'ries bebiml
orbit, above suborbital and preopercle, tlie highly movable median
rostral plate Avith a single upright spine, its lateral expansions free, in

* Diagnosis: Body tapering uniformly from head to caudal, depressed, its tiepth about I
of its widlli (nt base of pectorals), the latter 7 in length of body. Head 4A; a deep pit
behind occiput, with n longitudinal ridge in its bottom. Plates in the dorsal series 35 to
37; between occiput and tirst dorsal 6 (occasionally 7) pairs; betweeu dorsals 5 (occasion-
ally 0); between ventrals and anal 12 or 13 pairs; teeth numerous on jaws, vomer, and
palatines. One small barbel at ti]> of maxillary; gill membranes broadly Joined to
isthmus, without free fold. Median rostral plate with a single upright si>ino; nasal
spines separated ; supraocular spines small, sharp ; 2 pairs of occipital in tho form of low,
bluut tulMrclea, Color olivaceouB, with G or 7 darker cross bars.

f-:

2080

BuUctin ./7, United Stafcs National Museum.

form of Hinnll HpiiieH, slifjhtly overliiinjjiiiK i)i'eniiixinarii>s. Jaws ei|ii,'il.
iiiaxillary rfurhin^ flout oforliif. DorsalH well sttpar.itt'U; aiial li«*giiiiij|, ,
al)<>iit 1 pair of plates boliiiMl front of nocoikI tlorHal; pt-ctoralH r>j^ to 54 i ,
lflii){t1i of IumI.v, tlio base about 3 in th<'ir luii^tli, with 14 rays, of wJij, i,
the lower r> to 7 ari> t'xsui'toti, thf <lu|tth of (h«) iiotrlies in tlio nii-nilii;ii.<
variabl«<, tbo2or W nppornumt of tliemi rxMcrtfti rays nearly as lon^ (som, .
tini(>H as long) as tli«t longest npper niyH; Yt<ntral tins of fenialo almn!
twice tlie interorbital spate, abont \ of tlie ventrals of iiiale; width n|
eandal at bane W in tlu' length. Lateral line ;^<>. (!olor oIiva«-eouH, with 7
or 8 darker cross bars — 1 in front of (irst dorsal, 1 nnder and extondinr
into niidtlle of first dorsal, 1 nnder front, and 1 under liiutl end of secitml
dorsal, and \\ or I on caudal peduncle; a large blnish-ltlack blotcli mi
preoperde aiuloperele; lirst dorsal dark, the distal \ white; HDconddors.il
with 2 minute indefinite! cross bars of daiker; caudal dark at base, w
broad dark baiul near its distal end, and tiio tip broadly white-ed^;. d ;
pectorals light, indistinctly cross-barred by series of dark streaks on tlui
rays; ventrals ])al!^ in both sexes. Length about H inches. Coast «»f('iili
fornia, from I'nget Sound to Santa Barbara; rather coinnum in 11 to Th
fathoms. Here described fron» specimens taken oft' Point Keyes, wheri il
is abundant. One s]>ecin)en recorded by Lo<-kingtou (loe. eit.) as havitij;
come from Alaska. (/rc«, throe; 8j>ino8ff8, Hpiut«d.)

Odon(op!/xis tritpinoui, Lockinoton, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mas., ii, 1870, 328, San Francisco,
California (Ccill. W. N. I.ockington) ; Jokdan <fc Uilhekt, .Synopsis, 729, 1883; Jobuan,
Cat. Fishes K. A., 114, 1885.

776. BOTHRAGONUS, Gill.

r

BothragonuH, GiLi. MS., in Jordan & Uilheht, SynopsiH, 728, 1883 {nwanii).

Head, and front of back rhombic as setm from abov«i; body .ironj;ly
compressed behind; length of head 3, width of head 2J, depth r,f body
about 4* in standard length. A deep pit iit nape, several processes
<'xtending int<» it from its posterior edge. Mouth subinferior; j»(»steiior
edge of opcrcle serrated. Both dorsals and anal weak, with short rays;
anal under second dorsal ; first dorsal 3 ; second dorsal 5; anal 8; lu) spines
anywhere. Teeth «Mi jaws and vomer (state of palatines not mentioned).
Gill membranes broadly united to isthmus. {/J60fjo<;, a pit; Agonm.)

2428. IIOTHBAGOXUS SWAXII (Stehidacbner).

B.5; D.III,5; A. 5; P. 12; V. 3 (1,2); lateral line 32. Head wideuinj;
rapidly backward from the blunt snout, with 4 broad, low (occipital ami
temporal) ridges, between which the surfact's are c(mcavo. Body narrow-
ing rapidly from head to beginning of first dorsal, from there to caudal
strongly compressed, A deep transverse oval pit on mid-dorsal surface
between occiput and nape; 3 delicate larger and several smalhu- proc-
€!S8e8 extending into it from its posterior edge to about its n»iddl<'.
Length of head 3, its greatest breadth (over opercles) about 2J; depth of
body under first dorsal about i'i;, from the occipital pit to bi;se of ventrals

Jordan and I\vcrt)iann . — Fishes of North Atncrica. 2087

?)|l to 54 ill
, nf wliii li
iii<'nil)r:iiii'
itii^ (sonit -

llllo illiuiil

; widtli "t

)UH, Willi 7

exteiHliii'^r

I of wcitml

1)1ot«'ll nil

comldui'Mil
at biiHt , a
liitt'-fdniil ;
I'jvks on tiio
tiiHtofCiiii-
in 11 to TiT
OS, whiTf it
,) as liuviiii;

an Francisco.
1883; JoKlJAN,

|«ly :,iroii<il,v
th «'f body

111 procrsscs

; postiMior

short lays;

; no spines

nentioiuMl).

.gonus.)

Id widcuiiij;
[cipital anil
|dy narrow -
le to candid
Isal siirfaci-
lallor proc-
Its middle.
r; depth of
lof veutrals

a lttth> mure than :< in Irnffth of body. Intfrorbital Hpaer slii^btly int)ro
than ^ of li*<ad ; snont t ; widlli of month abont \\\, orbit about r>jj in liead.
Snont runudo<l untoriorly, longitiidiiiully anhrd, risinji; kn«di-like boforu
the Hat foruhead, un«l rxteiidin); u little beyond month, the lutt<>r broatler
at its an^rles than lon^, these a tittle in front of middle of eye. Teeth on
Jaws and vouutr in several series, very snnill, eonieal, binnt at tips;
|dat«>H un eheeks raised into tnbereh-s; posteriorly the transversely tiat-
teued forehead i8He|>arated by a slightly enrved, very low rid^;e from the
oceipital region; plates snrronndin^ the oceipital pit in {tart lar^e and
lioly^onal; last plate of head, above posterior end of opercle, extending
outward as a broad, l«)w pyramid; small bony jdates embedded in skin
on undefHide of head; i)reoper<-le apineless; edge «>f opurclo scalloped and
Herrat«>d. First dorsal beginning abont ndddle of body; space between
dorsals eqnaling distance from c(;nter of eye to tip of snont; spines of first
dorsal but little sliortt r than rays of second tlorsal ; uoth dorsals and anal
rounded; caudal about 2 in head, slightly nninded; base of large ]>cctt*-
ral reaching to ventral surface, its longest ray li{ in head; ventralssome
distance behind pectorals, abtuit 2 in the latter; distance between base
of veutrals and front of amil a little more than the head; anal pit some
distance behind base of veutrals. Plates of lateral line tiat, those of
remaining series considerably larger anil elevated at their centers, forndug
4 series of blunt processes or ridges; 14 pairs of plates between ventrals
and anal, 5 between hinder edge of o<-cipital pit and lirst dorsal (0 from
occiput to lirst dorsal); 7 between second dorsal u...l caudal; ventral
surface narrowing rapidly from head to anal and anteriorly convex, pos-
teriorly Hat. A blackish-gray cross banii surrounds the head, wreath-like,
its outlines indetinite in pluses, passing transversely across forehead
and from lower edge of orbit completely around edge of mouth; band
under first dorsal passing obliijuely forward to near insertion of veutrals;
the next baud falling between the tlorsals, and the third under second
dorsal; both are vertical; pectorals with a narrow dark cross bar at base
and a much broader nuirbled one occupying nearly the whole distal half
of tin ; veutrals with :( or 4 bands of dark spots ; on both dorsals and anul
oblique cross bars of dark spots; caudal with numcr«)us cross bars of dark
spots, which increase in intensity of color distally and How together and
leave isolated spots of lighter; ground ccdorof body light yellowish with
a tinge of brownish. Length of the single specimen 1 inch 11 lines;
found dead on the beach after a storm. (After Steiudachncr.) The fol-
lowing points may be added from the 4 excellent figures: The ventro-
lateral series lie entirely on ventral surface of body anteriorly and meet
in front of vent; 2 pairs of plates between ventrals and vent; a single
plate between bases of ventrals, 4 plates in pairs in front of them on
bi east, and these preceded by 2 single plates ; 10 or 12 rather small plates
in about 3 rows in front of base of pectorals; several plates on lower
part of cheek and a longitudinal series of them behind orbit, above
suborbital and preopercle. Puget Sound; known from single speci-
lyen. This species has been erroneously referred to the genus Hypnago-
nua, because of its short compressed body and peculiar form of head.

2088 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

1

A very careful conipariiioti of the doacriptioii ttnd the excnllnnt fl^nrrM
witli OdoulopifxiH ttiapinotuH, Lovkiut;toii, with which HteiiidiuthiitM- wii-<
|ir«>hably nut ncqiiuiiitoil, iiiakeH it evident tliat iu apite of itH iiboirikni,
fonii, thu Hypaagonua awanii is more chmely related to it tliiin to any
other known HpucieH. There Ih in reality no point of refieniblan<M) to
//. iiiiadrit'ornia except the HhortneHH of th<f body and the couipruHH*-il
ronditiun of itH poHt4)rior part. In all of the following pointH, Noniu oi
which Hteindachner mentioned as ditVorenceH Ixitwmtn hiH HpuciuH iind //.
qHadrivoinia, li. awanii agrees with <>. triapinoHua : lioth dornalH and anal
small; the dlHtance of the tirHt dorsal from niipoand the diHtanc«) b«ttwucii
dorsals (ninasured by the number of plates); the deep pit at nape; ]M)Hi
tlon of vent, with 1 or 2 pah'H of plates between it and the Ihiho of the
ventrals; 2 or 3 series of small plates betiveen base of pectoral and ^ill
opening; small jilatus on gill membranes and lower Jaw; the longitudinal
stories of snuill plates behind orbit; the coloration, etc. The only known
specimen was less than 2 inches (50 mm.) long and wa« doubtless a young
one. The most marked characters which distinguish H. awanii from
Odoniopyria are the shortness of the body, the wideness of the body in
front, and the ccunpressiuu of the tail ; all are characters which dlstinguiHh
the young from the adult in all species of the family in which the young
have been seen and described, except that here these characters seem
exaggerate^!. (Nauted for James G. Swan, of l*ort Townseud, Washing-
ton, a veteran observer and collector.)

llypiagwiua twanii, Stkindacrner, lolith. BoitrllRO, v, 144, pi. 4, Bitzb. der Akad. Wiaa.,
LXXiv, July, 1876, Port Townsend. (Coll. James O. Swan. Typeiu Coll. Mno. Vienna.)

Bothragonu» iwanii,GiUj,ia JoBDAN dt GiLBBBT, Synopsis, 728, 1893 ; JoBDAN, Cat. FislieH
N. A., 114, 1885.

777. ASPIDOPHOROIDES, Lacdpede.

Ai])idophoroidei, Laci:;pkde, Uist. Nat. I'oiss., ui, 228, 1802 {tranijuebar=monopteryguu).
Canthirhyneui, Swainbon, Niit. Ilist. Fishes, etc., ii, 272, 1839 {monopterygiua).
AnoplagonuK, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sri. Phila., xni, 1861, 259 (inerww).
Uleina, Cuameb, in Jouhan &- Evbrmann, Clieck-List Fishes, 440, 1800 (olriki).

Body and hea<l mere or less slender; head 4 to 6, width .5 to 8 in length
of body ; 8 longitud.>.al rows of plates, the lateral line in the upper lateral
row ; about 40 plates iu the dorsal series. Terminal rostral plate i)reHent,
unarmed; mouth terminal; teetli on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Supra-
ocular and ocoii)ital spines absent; plates of body more or less keeled,
witlumt Hpines. First dorsal absent ; second dorsal and anal small, oppo-
site each other, each with 4 to 7 rays. Gill membranes united, narrowly
joined to isthmus anteriorly, free behind. (ddTti?, shield; </tope'oo, to bear;
ei'Soi, form.)

Uu'iNA {ulke, a soulpin, in Danish) :
a. hoAy rather robust, the depth about 5 in length, the head 4 in length; plates in lat-
eral lino usually less than 40.
b. Lateral line with 40 plates ; nasal spines well developed. ulkiki, 2429.

bb. Lateral line with 36 to 38 plates ; nasal spines very small or obsolete. .

UUNTHEKl, 2430.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 11081)

CM, Iiu<ly viiry nli'iDlcr, llio ili<|il|i about 8 in litiiKth, tliti hniiil 5 to«>; pliilfn In liituritl IliiA
more tliuii 40.

c. NiiMal NiiliifH iirvNciit ; III) inttiUun iloraiil row of itlalei IikIi'ikI o<ripiit.

AmI'IUdI'IKIIKUDKH:

it. Alioiit 48 (or ('('w*-r) |)latfii In tlorNul hitU'ii ; trhi|ioriil riil^K enilliiK ])oii>
t«<i'i*>rl,v in It HiiKht t'leviitlun. Atlantic, uoatt.

MoNOPTKRVniUfl, 241(1.
dd. 4U or .'iU pairs of platOM In <lor«al hitIoh ; trmporiil rlilgi< nut cniliiiit poit-
txrioiiy In a *\\%\\\. liiltfx. I'm illc loaNt. nAUTONi,'.>43a.

ANortJldONIH (iit'oirAiit, uiiartnoil; ,t,'/'iin/«) :

CO. NiMkl HpiiifM aliHint ; a mvdinu <lurMul row of iniall plates from tpiit lialf-

way to dorsal. imciimih, 24:i3.

Subgenua ULCINA, <'ranior.

Sl'20. ANriDOPIIOKOIDKM OLRIKI, LiUkon.

D.6or7; A. 6or7; lM3oill; V.3(I. 2); C. 10 (Liltkoii). r<>rni Hhort
und thick coiiipurod with.i.»lo>lO/)^')'l/«/iH«,«Iep^e8H«;(l antttriorly, poHtrriurly
iitiiTuwor aud Hotiiewhat au^ular. Nii]>o mid foro piirt of biiok t-nnciivo;
forukoad strongly arrhotl antoro-poHtcriorly. Intororbitiil Hpnce concavo,
Huprnoi'bitul rid^oH bi)j;h. Ventral buiI'iku ilnt. OroatcNt breadth, ovt>r
operdeH, ^ of length of liead, the latter 41 io \\, iu total length, itn greateNt
height, at Hhoulder, jj of length of head. One pair of nasal Hpint>H; aHinglo
barbel at angh* of month (at tip of maxillary, as in other .iKpidophoroidrg,)
overlooked iu the original description. Pectorals large, about nn long an
head; other tins small; all rays simple; anal under dorsal, abont midway
between head and caudal ; ventrals inserted alittlo behind base of pectorals.
EyeH large, their diameter ^ or a little less in length of head, longer tlian
Huout. Mouth small, its angle in lino with anterior edge of orbit. Vent
large, lying with its Hurrouuding naked area about 2 pairs of plates dis-
tant from haHo of ventrals. Gill membranes united. Eight longitudinal
rows of plates on body, 0 on tail. In dorsal series 36 to 38, tht^ posterior
12 or 13 on tail, median unpaired ; iu front of dorsal, 14 to 10 ])airs. Supe-
rior lateral (lateral line) Hcries 36 to 38; inferior lateral series S't to 37; on
breast 12 to 14, paired and unpaired. Two un]iair(>d plates between vent
and ventrals (froni ventrals to anal about 12 pairs). Teeth on Jaws,
vomer, and i)alatines. Fin rtiys, dorsal 6, anal (>, in 3 individuals, r> in
each fiu in the fourth individual (6 or 7 in each fin in the Greenland speci-
mens); pectorals 13 to 15 (in 2 specimens, 14 in 1 fin and 15 in the other);
ventrals 3 (I, 2) ; caudal 10 or 11, the eleventh very short. Color more uni-
form dark gray on back than those previously described (a few very
indelinito dark cross bands); a largo dark patch on preopercle and oper-
clo seems to bo quite constant ; the dark spots on pectorals and caudal
form cross bands when the fins are folded; tips of dorsal, anal, and ven-
tral fins in general white, 1)ut the white patch is wanting in 1 specimen,
which is paler than the others, has a smaller head and shorter ventrals.
This is undoubtedly a female ; the others males. Holm's notes on the color
of the newly caught specimens say, "Sides of back greenish, with brown
markings, otherwise whitish." Arctic Ocean; known from west coast of
Greenland, Davis Strait, at 32 fathoms; our specimens from Godhavn, Kara
3030 54

■ W II If ■IIMUil

2000 nuUithi /7, United States National .1//, rum.

W^

■ I'i^^

fi

W'

1 '

»•.-

%'

i '.

i

\ <

'

;

^

jr'

ii'

h

RoR, nt BR futhomH ; IlnrciitH Bny. Novo Zcnibla. (Rn.) The Dntcli nxpmll-
tloii took ITt HpuciiiitMiH of tliiH t'oriii in IturoiitM Itity iiml |iroliiih|y coiifuNftl
it with A, mouoi>lri!itjini>. Tlutir lrii){tli wiih 10 to 75 iiiiii. liOU^r, on tho
Fjflla ox|i<)<liMon, llolni took t) H|Mu-inionN in DuvIh Htriiit on tlio wliitt-tlih
biiiikR noi'tli of llolHtenliort; lit ii(lu])tli ot':<2 fiitlioniH. Tlirir Im^tli viirioil
ftttui iL' to Nt nun. Tho <liirk rolttr hanilH In tlnmo iint nioro or Ionh diNtiiirt,
at loiiNt unions Mio Nniuilor NpoclnittiiH. Tlio ventraiii varitMl n little in
Irn^tli, tliiiHo with tlio Hliort v«'ntralH ni)])ar(Mitly in n <lrrl<lo<l minority.
The Hoiull hitrliuls wure pirmuit in ull of them. KayH of ilorNul an<l aniil
tlnii: !>.(!; A.(l(<< HpocimonH); IJ.U; A. 7 (1 spt'oimeu); l>.r>; A.(i(lexuni
])l«); ••• <'; A. n (1 cxamphO; 1). 7; A. fl (U rxamplcN). That the wliito
patch on th<^ tloiHal (ami anal nml ventral) in invariably prt^noiit on tin-
imIivitliialH with lonKur vcntralH Ih nndonialth-. The iiHHnmption tliiit
it Ih a Huxnal diHtint^tion of th<t male tlniH giiinH proliability ; this wiih
(lcmonHtriit«Ml in the HpecimenH that wore upumul. Total length ((3 to (tU
mm. (I inilividnalH). (FJItkun.)

A$iiiditith»roidtK iilriki, LI^TKRN, Korolob. Meililol.oni Nonl. inkrnnko; VidAPHk. Motldel.
NutiirliiMt. Koroii. K.|)il>. IIHO (<vith :i ll);iir(m), I87U, Oreenlandi JoiihAN, <'ut. KitthuM N.
A., Ii:i, 1HH5; L(}TKBN,* Kiira-IlavotH Kitthe, 0, pi. 15, 1I((h. l-ll, IHUO; hiiucIiuuuh I'riiiii
Kara Hen.

Ii4!t0. ANPIDOPHOItOIDKM (IITNTIIKRI, llxiin.

1). 7; A. 7; V. I, 2; C. 10; P. 12. HodyHhort, anteriorly very wide, some-
what dopruHHod. Height of body 6, and its wiilth 5 in itH length; head
Iji, its dK)ith not more than ^ of itu width, the latter nearly 5 in length of
body; triatignlar, very short, wide posteriorly. A small barbel at tip of
each maxillary; teeth in jawH, vomer, and palatines; na^al spines almost
invisible. Along sidos of head interiorly 4 large inncons pores in oblong
depressiouH, the largest of which is nearly as long as snout. Ey«) H in
hfid, conaidorubly more than width of interorbital Hpiice. Maxillary
not reaehing beyond anterior border of orbit; mandible barely included;
snout i'<|ualiug interorbital space, the latter deeply concave. Greatest
width of head nearly 5 in length of body, and 2 from beginning of <lorsal
to Imso of caudal. Oill membranes narrowly attached to isthniUH ante-
riorly, free posteriorly; gill opening wide. A deep groove along anterior
third of back. Pectorals 2^ times as bmg as ventrals and 4 in length of

* Tho foUowinR is tho snhstftnco of Dr. Liitkon's original account from apociinenfi from
Greeiilaiiil : Hixly sliort, tliick, total len^itli 72 to 7!) mm. : head 4^ in total lenfith (incliid-
inu caiidiil tin) ; widtli of body (iit I)i>.h« of ]M'ctonilH) a little nioro tlian 5 in total loiijrtli ;
an^loH of Itody not dintinrtly ncrraU'd: interorliital spaco and Imck concave; nawal HpnicH
2; dianictor of orbit 3 in head, nearly twice thn widtli of int<>rorbitiil apace or length of
snout; ]ilatcH in dorsal HerieH 35 to 37; in front of doraal tin 14 to 17; superior lateral aorieM
39; inferior lateral 37; ventrolateral 36; in front of anal 12 or 13. Firat doraal (in abaent;
teetli present on vomer and palatines ; only 8 longitudinal series of plates, the lateral line
on tiie au]ierior lateral aeries; the ventrolateral iieriea not forming thi. inferior anglea of
the body, but confined to the ventral aurface and meeting in a single plate between ven-
trals and vent.

The abovediagnosia, made in 1875 from the Greenland specimens taken from the stomachs
of tlounders, was not accompanied by a detailed description. The description waa made
ten years later from specimens takeii in tlie Kara Sea. Tho flgiirea of the individuals
from Kara Sea differ from i)io figures of siiecimena from Greenland in aeveral reapecta.
On the former the anterior ])art of the back Juat behind the najie la juoro elevated ; the
rostral spines are directed much more backward and seem much leas prominent ; and there
is 1 less median ]date on breast (tliis last difference an individual one in other species).
The gill membranes are probably free, at least behind.

*.

hitt'll oxpo«li
ihly luiifuHfti
LuUt, on till*
tlio uliilftUh
li'ii);th viirioil
l«mH iliHtiiM t,
i<l H little ill
lull iiiiiioi'ity.
Nul mill iiiiiil
A. <S ( 1 oxani
lilt till" wliito
THciit on the
iniption tliiit
ty; this wum
ugtli 03 tu (it)

iilenHk. Moildel.
, I'ut. KImIiom N .
Mimcimuua from

y wide, ■oiiif-

Irn^tli; Ill-ad

> in lon^th of

rbul at tip of

ipiiU'H aliiioHt

ruH ill oblong

t. Eyii H in

I. Maxillary

sly includcMl;

OreateMt

ng nf (lorHul

thniUH anto-

ong anterior

u length of

>ociinen8 frnin

eii^lh (iiicliiil-

total luiiirth:

imHIll H|)illCH

'e or It'iigtli of
ir lateral Hcrics
rHal tin al)H«nt:
tlio lateral lino
erior nngleH ol'
between ven-

itliOHtoniacliH
ion was niailo
10 iudividiialH
eral respects,
elevateii ; the
ant; aiul there
)thor speuies).

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2001

liotly; vi'iitralH um lung an head without pimtorliital part; vent marir
lipMthuii liitHeH III' vi-iitraU; iMgiiinlng of ilorMal nearly midway ol total
li'iigth; anal iiiidiT iIoihuI Imt a littlo Nhnrti-r; length of raiidal \t\ or <(
ill Iftiglh of hotly; Heronil doi-Hiil ray longeHt, e<|iiul to pu»torliital part
of head; longi-Ht anal ra> Ihhh than 1 of head. Lateral line 10. I'latiH on
hn-a^t :>lioiit II. Color diiMky iiliove, whitiHli lielow; a ilarU Htripe on
Hiioiit, continiird on oprnde; a few iiidiHtinil dark hlotuheH ;iii Hidr of
head; oxillary re;;ion diiHky; pectoral with It or t iniperfeit itohh ItaiH;
body with 3 indiHtiint diiHky (Tohh barn, the niiddlo one extruding oil
middle of dorsal lin; tail with 1' dusky baiH, I anteriorly, the other ternii-
Mill, with a dirty yelluwiNli area between thein: ventralH and anal pale,
rrobably u yoniig individual. LoiigeHt known individual, wliieh Herved
as the type, waHTOinin. (about LM iiieheH). (Kean.) CoiiNtH of .i .Hheru
AhiHka. (Named fur Dr. Albert Gilnther, keeper of the Kriti di iIiim( , !u of
Natiiral History.)

.i»l>iili)phonnili» i/iintheii,'- IIkan, I'roe. F. H. Nat. Miih. IKHR, Ti, northern Alaska Crjim,
No. IITOUZ. Cull. Lieut. Q. M. Htoiiey)i Jukda.n. Cut. FImIii'M N. A., li:), 18H5.

um. AMPIDOrilOUOIIIKH MO.\OI'TKIlYUIlSt (llloob)

(SBA roAC'UKU.)

Hr. «; l).r> or (J; A. 5 or 6; r.!»; V.:J(I, 2); C, 10 or 11; Pyloric m-ca
I or T) (2 individiials). Wiiltli of body at bane of peetoralH K in length;
dorinal faee ooneuve from occiput to dorsal; ventrolateral ridgiH fairly
prominent, but thcHe Heries lie entirely on ventral Hide of body anteriorly
and converge to a Hingle plate between ventralu and vent. The ridge
of the inferior lateral HericH, iiiHtead of diHappeariug anteriorly, is lower
down than usual, boeomcH prominent anteriorly and riiiiH to lower end
of base uf pectorals, tbiiH forming the inferior angle of body, which Ih
markedly l-hedral in front. IMatea in iIoihuI HerieH tU to 48; between
ventralH and anal 10 or 17 pairH; between last ray of dorsal and llrrit me-
dian plate 1 to 3 pairs; 2 or 3 pairs between last anal ray and lirnt median
plate. A Hiiiall plate between ventralu, a larger one between ventralH and
vent; u variable nnmber (3 to 8) of small plates behind and bcHide vent;
platcH of breant radially striate, the two median ones larger than the rest;
a few small phiten on hinder median part of gill membranes, and on narrow
under side of mandible; 2 large phites with raised centers iu front of and

* This H])(«ie8 agrees witli tho nieasiiroineiits of A. olrikl, LUtkeii, uiid with tho rolorii-
tioiuiHlarusit isposHililetoJiKlue; itilillerHt'roiii J.«{riA'ii)iil,v!iitliesero('or(lo<li^liariicti'rH:
'I'iie iiiisal H|>iiieM are very hiiiuII, tlie loii<;eHt iiiiiil ray is Hliorter tiitin in the tieiireH of
lal . ■• .

A. olriH, au'l tin* pei^toral rays iiiiiiilier 12, while they raiiKO from i:} to l"> in A. olriki
Milt in none of these resiiects iloes It ilill'er more from Liitken's (lescriiitioiiH and figures ol
.t . olriki from Ureenlaiul and from Kara Sea, in some resiiects a)>pareutly less, than theno

tlitfer from each other. Kacli of the loealities is ulioiit ^ of tlm earth's circumference from
tlie other, and .1. guntlieri may bo only a variety of olnki, wliieli would then be a circiini-
polar species; if this view should ultimately iirove untenable, Liitken's Kara Sea speci-
mens will have nearly as t;(iod a claim tospecitic distinction as the type of ^.f/ifti/Am has.
t Diagnoiis: Hody'verv slender, depressed in front, nearly 4-hedral anteriorly; dei»tli J
of width, the hitter 8 in length; caudal peduncle very lont;,'0-liedral siibterete; liendlon);,

ta)>ei'iiii; forward, 5» tofliu length of body; plates in dorsal series about 48: liclweeii occi-
nut and dorsal fin 1)) to 21 ; from vciitriils to anal 16 or 17 iiairs; tirst dorsal absent; bar-
bels none; gill memlirar.es free; median rostiul plate siiiall, unarmed. Nasal spines very

strong, diverging; no ttber spi-nea uu head or body. Color, bruwuisb, olisciiroly banded
with dork.

r'J <

2092 Diilktin 47, United States National Museum,

4 to 8 Biiiall HpinelcHH plates in 1 or 2 serieH on base of ptM-toral. Head lonjf ,
tapering, 5^ to G in length of body; orbits very large, nearly ••ircnlar, tho
longitudinal diameter longer than snout, 3Hn bead; interorbital spatr
•wide, less than orbit, deeply concave; supraocular ridges high, bulging:
occipital ridges evident; temporal ridges low, terminating in an upwardly
directed blunt eli'vation; suborbital ridge close under orbit, low, sjjine-
loHs, 2 or 3 plates below it on the nearly vert.eal cheek; median roHtnil
plate small, immovable or slightly movable, spineless, ovt-rhanging pre-
maxillary ; mouth small, terminal, lower Jaw a little included; uuixillary
reaching front of orbit, almost entirely covered by preoibital. Dorsal and
anal flu small, the latter under the former; caudal 3 times as long as wide
at base; pectorals 6 or less in body, their base about 5 in their lengtli;
ventrals of fenuile \ those of male, the latter i of pectorals. Lateral line
50. Color brownish, pale below, with indefinite cross bands ^)f darker, 2
in frcmt of, and 1 nnder dorsal, and 2 or 3 on caudal peduncle; rays ol
dorsal and upper rays of pectoral brownish, interrui)ted by lighter, givinj;
an indefinite cross-banded appearance; caudal dark, ventrals in botli
sexe'i and anal pale. Total length 6 inches. Greenland to Cape Coil:
common in rather deep water. This description based on specimens from
Massachusetts Bay. {/lovoc, single, nrf.fivyiov, fin.)

CottuH mono2>terygius, Bloch, Ichtliyologia, n, 156, pi. 178, figs. 1, 2, 1786, Tranquebar; an

error.
Cotttit indicii*, Bonnatebkk, Tableau Encycl. Moth., 68, pl.87, flj;. 367, 1788, India; after

1?i,0(:h.
Aspidophoroide* tranquebar, LACfirfcDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ni, 228, 1802 Tranquebar; after

Bloch.
Aspidophoroideg grwnlandieus, Valenciennes, in Cuvieu, l{6gne Auim., Ed. ii. Vol. 2, \\\.

21, fig. 3, 1829, Greenland.
Aspidophoroidvs mono})tcrygiu», CuviEU &■ Vai.enciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi, 654,

pi. 109, 18;J0; Stoueu, Fishes of Mass., 22, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1807; I)e Kay, New Yorlt

Fauna: FisheH,62, pl.;i,flg.5, 1842; Gt^NTiiEK, Cat., n, 216, 1800; Jordan & Gilbekt,

Synopsis, 724, 188:».
Canthirhyneut vionopterygiut, Swainson, Nat. Hist, of Fishes, etc., ii, ..'2, 1830.

2432. ASPIDOPIIOROIDKIS BAltTONI, GiIl>ort.

Very close to Aapidophoroidis monopierygius. From this species it dill'ers
in the much lower ridges on body, which are slightly rounded rather than
sharply carinate, and leave the intervening faces shullowly concave,
instead of deeply so. The plates of the lower lateral ridge do not in the
young bear backwardly directed spinous ])oints as they do in A. monop-
ieri/gius. The keel in front of the ventral fin, prominent in ,f . monoptcrifgms,
is here nearly or quite ob8«)lete. The same is true of tl>e keel below the
eye, and the occipital ridge. The plates in front of the pectorals also
protrude less, and in general the angles and promint^nces are less marked.
The space between the dorsal ridges is less, its greatest width being J
length of head behind middle of eye in adults, and behind posterior
margin of eye in young. In J. monopicrygiua the same widtli equals i
head behind fnmt of ey«i in adults, behind middle of eye in young. These
scarcely admit of quantitative statements, but are sufficiently evident
on comparing spc^cimeus from the Atlantic and the Pacilic. Vertebra;

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2093

11 + 39 = 50. General proportions, fin raya nnd color are t.l>e sanie in the 2
apecieH. Aleutian iHlands; taken very abundimtly both north un<l Hoiith
of the Aleutian Islanda and in Hristol Bay, at depthaof 17 to 121 lathoina.
(Gilbert.) Also I'ouud about the Pribllol' lulands. (Named I'ur Mr. liar-
ton A. Hean.)

AtintUiphoroiden bartoni, Oii.nERT, Kept. TT. S. Fisli. Comin. 189:i (1800), 434, Aleutian
Islands; Bristol Bay, Alaska. {CM. Albatro»ii.)

Subgenus ANOPLAGONUS, Gill.

S48». ASPIDOPHOROIIIES INKRMIS,* GUntlior.

n, 0; 1 D. abaont; 2D. 5or(5; A. I or5; P. 10; V. IM,?^; ('. 11; vorto-
ofjo 11 + 32=;13. Pyloric Ciuca 1 (1 individual). Onlj 8 longitudinal
rows of platt^H, the lateral lint^ in tlM^ upper lateral row. No spiucs any-
where on liody; no ridges on the superior and inlerior lateral series;
plates of tb« dorso- and ventrolateral Heries bent upon themselves at
right r*ngle8, forming the 4 prominent angles of the body ; the ventro-
lateral series do not therefore lie entirely on underside of body, as in A.
mono})U;ry(/iu8, nor do they conv(^rgi5 between ventrala and vent, but pass
forward to lower end of base of pectorals; three pairs of plates between
last dorsal ray and lirst median ])late, and 2 to 4 pairs between last anal
ray and first median ]date; a median dorsal series of hexagonal plates
about as large as those of the lateral series, on widest part of back,
from occiput to about halfway to doisal; tlu'se (dates alternating, but
not regularly, with still smaller ones; an inconstant number of small
plates behind and around vent; 2 or 3 pairs between ventrals and vent,
and a single small one between the bases of ventrals. Gill membrane
medially on its posterior part and laterally on its anterior part and narrow
under surface of m.antlible between the rami strongly plated ; two or 3
large plates in front of and 7 to 10 small ones in 2 series on base of pec-
toral. Head depressed, its depth f of its greatest width; orbit small,
circular, less than snout, if; in head; interorbital space narrow, 1* of
orbit, moderately concave; supraocular, occipital, temporal, and suborbi-
tal ridgea very low ; 4 or 5 plates on lower part of cheek ; median rostral
])lato small, vertical, movable, unarmed; mouth small, the lower jaw
slightly projecting, maxillary scarcely reaching front of orbit, entirely
covered by preorbital ; teeth in bands on jaws, A^omer, and palatines. Dor-
sal Jind anal fins small, the latter under the former, with usually 5 rays;
caudal rounded, its width at base 2^ in its length ; pectorals 7 in length
of body, their base 2| to 3 in their length, nearly truncate, with 10 rays,
the 3 lowermost a little exserted. A'^entrals of female nearly twice as long
as orbit, ft to f as long as those of male, the latter le.ss than 2 in pectorals.
Lateral line 41. Color dark (nearly black) grayish or brownish and lighter

* Diagnosis: Body slender, much depressed nnterioily, 4-hedral, the dors.il face con-
cave, the ventrnl flat, tlie lateral convex; caudal peduncle 6-hedral, subtereto; depth of
body 5 in width, tho latter 8 in length ; head long, tapering, 5i in length of body : plates
in dorsal series 42; from occip:..L ^.; lorsal 19 to 21 ; from ventrals to anal 17 pairs; amedian
dorsal row of small pl.itcs from oc('i|>iit to opposite tip of pectoralti ; first dorsal absent;
b.arbels nonu; gill inenibrp.nes nprrowly Joined to isthmus with moderate free fold behind ;
median rostral plate small, unarmed; nasal and all other 8]>ines ab.sent from head. Color
brownish black, with several altcraating cross bars of darker and lighter. Pectorals
with black patch at base and 1 near tip.

2004

Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

ii >

■ir

gray, diinky below; it bliick hiiiid IVoin mouth across orl»it to jn'ctoral ami
iiloiij^Hide of body, nnicb iiittirrni)t(Ml ; «laiK niarkin^^s deepest on sidc^.
of body ; a dark eross band lialfway between occiput and dorsal, 1 in i'ront
of dorsal, 1 under posterior half of dorsal (rnnninj; upon latter), and nbmil
2 on caudal peduncle; posterior half of dorsal dark, uuirblod; a nuirbifd
patch at base of pectorals, another on their distal third; vcntrals pale in
both sexes; ana) with dark ]»atches on or Itehind the rays, darker postcri
orly; caudal black at its bas(> anil on its distal half, th«> 2 patches con
nectod by a black band alonj? middle of lin, hiaving 2 light i)atches on tin
dorsal and ventral thirds of the proximal half of the <in ; the bands oi
color very much as in A. nionoptrrnoiiis, but better defined. Length I
inches. Coast of Alaska, south to Vancouver Island; not abundant;
recorded from Vancouver Island (Giinther); eastern Aleutian Islands, ;!l
to 5!> fathoms, and Hristol Bay. (Gilbert.) Here described from sped
mens from the Aleutian Islands and Bristol Bay. {inennis, unarmed.)

Asjiidoiihoroidig inermis, GOntiikh. Cat., n, 524, 18C0, Vancouver Island ; LCtken, ForoK;!,.
Mfdd.oiii Noril. llkctisko; Vidonak. Medilel. Naturhiat. Fon^n. Kjob., 385, 1876; Jon-
DAN \- ( lUJiEKT, Synopaia, 725, 1883 ; Jokdan, Cat. Fialioa X. A., 113, 1S85.

Anoplagomis ineimii, (iiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xni, 18C1, 167.

Family CLXXXII. CYCLOPTERIDyE.*

(TiiK Lrai' iciceus.)

Body short and thick, moic or less elevated, covered with a thick skin,
which is smooth, tubercular, or spinous; head short and thick; suborbital

* Dr. Gill tlinadefuKistliesuitprfainily 0>/cln})teroidea, including the Ci/cio/j/cnf/ce and tlu'
Lipntidiihv, the gronji being eqnivaltijit to that ealh^d by other writers '^Discoboli" :

•'Acanthoptergiuna with the t!!ird infr.aorbital bone developed as a atay obliquely cross-
ing tiie elieek and connecting witli the preopt^rculuin, the niyodonio suppreased, the post
tein|><)ral bifurcate and normally connected with the craniuii., the actiuoats enlarged ami
nioatly connected with the inner ridge of the proacapula, tlio liypercoracoid being dis
lodged iij)ward and the hypercoracoiu downward on a row with the 4 actinosts; ribs ses
alio on the vertebr.al centra or h;enia])ophyaea; pharyngiala reduced to the liirgi'
ei>ipharyngeal (honiologoua with the thin' of ty])ieal Acanthoi)tt^rgiana), and ventrals
modified to form a suctorial disk aupported by d immovable rays on each aide convei'tcd
into o.ssi'ous tisane and without articulation's; typically auppressed. They appear tn
Lave tho branchial aj)paratua con8tru<'ted on the same jilan as in the Cotioidea; 2 or ;i
baaibranchials ossitied; hypobranchials of 3 pairs in lino with the corresponging ceratu
branchiala of fourth arch sui>prea8ed ; ceratobranchiala of all and epibranchials (of all or
3) archeawell developed; phcryngobrnnchials reduced tr- ;)air of compreased cpipharyii-

'( ,1 j.

There are 3^ gills, that is
^ .1 single row of filaments.

f lowing remarks on thr

geais; hypophnryngeals divergent and rather coniprc
double l)ranchijei on all the arches except the fourth, wi'
There is no flsaure behind the fourth arch." (Gill.)

Mr. Gariiian (Monograph of the Discoboli, 1892, 19; hai-
Cycloptfi-idm:

"Anteriorlv the form of the lump lishes is stout, thick, ar.,t deep; behind tho body
cavity, whicli occupies tho <jreater portion of the length, it rather abruptly becomes
we.ik and slender. Tho heaa is short and broiid, 8ubi|tuidra)igular in transsection; tlic
snout is abort and lilunt; tho mouth is of moderate width, anterior, and ojiens slightly
upward : the teet!i are siu.all, aubconical, and arranged in a band or cord: the eyes are (ii
medium Biz(i and have a lateral outlook. All of the membera of the family hnve i)seudii
l)ranchiii', 3J gills, U branchioategal rays, small gill openi)igs, numerou'-, pyloric ciecii,
and an elongate inteatine. In their lower ])ortiona the broad, rounded pectorals extend
forward under the throat, along the aides of the disk. The vertical fins are not of large
extent; the caudal and the 2 dorsals are(iuite separate. Thedi^k is compar.itively large.
I'^arly in I'fo tho skin is tender and naked; later it grows tough and is covered witli
roughened or 8|)ine-bearing oaseous tubercles. Sumicnrtiliiginous describes tho skeletnn
with tolerable accuracy ; the small amount of bony i.iitter lies in thin plates, often form-
ing cells and chambers ainiilar to those to be noticed in tho bones of Lophius. The third

Jordan a7id Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2005

ctoral itml
t on side-
, 1 in Iroiit
and alxxi!
a iiiarlilcd
als pall! ill
er posti ri
itclirs con
ihca on tin
o Tiands oi
Leny,tli I
abnndant ;
Islands, :{|
roni sped
irnu'd.)

KEN, Forcliili

15, 1876; Juii

thick skin,
suborbital

n(/fean<l llu'
oholi" :
iqiicly ci'oss-
sscd, tlie ]>(ist
nlarfjed fiiid
(1 beiiijj (lis
)9ts; ribs SIS
to tlio liii'f;!'
nd vent I'll 1h
ido convevt<<l
iippear to
ioidea; 2 or :!
ging cemtd
dills (of nil or
3d cpiidiarvii-
gills, tliat iH
of fliauieuts.

narks on the

ind the body

ptly bocoitn's

ssHction; tlif

jieiia slightly

lio eyes arc n'.'

Iinve pseiubi

pyloric ca rii.

tornls exti'iul

B not of laifi''

atively large.

(!overed witli

tho skeletim

s, oftfii form

s. The tliinl

stay present, thin and llattish; nioutli small, terminal; Jaws with bands
of 8b'nd«'r, simple teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines; j^ill opeuin^^s
narrow, n^stricted to the sides, the membranes beinj; broadly joined to the
isthmus and shouUb'r {{irdh*; branchioste^als 0; ^ills 3A ; pseudobranehiie
present; dorsal fius 2, the anterior i)art of llexible spines, which, in the
adult, are sometimes hidden by a fleshy hump, in 1 subfamily entirely
wanting; soft dorsal usually opposite the anal and similar to it; eaiulal
(in roun«led, free from the dorsal and anal ; ventrals thoracic, rudimentary,
forming the bony centiT of a sucking disk; pectorals short, ]daced low,
their bases broad and proeurreut; pyloritr cieca numerous; intestine elon-
gate; vertobrie 12 + 16, the skehiton feebly ossified. Genera 7; species 8;
inhabiting the northern sens of both hemispheres. l$y means of the ad-
hesive ventral disk these fishes are enabled to attiich themselves v»'iy
(irmly to rocks or other objects. They feed on crustacea, "worms, small
tishes, and plants. The young of Cyclopierita bear a close resemblance to
lAparis, an evidence of the common origin of the 2 groups, which is borne
out by the auatomj . {Discoboli; group Cyclopterina, GOntueu, Cat., iii,
154 to 1.58.)

Cycloptekin.*::

I. Si)inous dorsal present, sometimes concealed in adult.
a. Barbels none; disk anterior, below the bead.

b. Skin armed with largo tubercles.

c. Larger tubercles on body in rows well separated ; spinoiis dorsal tin obsolete

with age. Cvci-oi'tekis, 778.

cc. Larger tubercles not in rows, crowded closely togeth»'r; spinous dorsal tin

usually not disappearing with age. Eumicrotremus, 779.

lb. Skin naked or with scattered, slender spines; no lateral line.

Lkthotremls, 780.

ua. Barbels present about the moutli; disk below the abdomen; tubercles on sides

ndnute. CrcLOi'TiinoiUES, 781.

LiPAROPSINiE : *

II. Spinous dorsal wholly wanting.

e. Dorsal short, opposite anal, of 9 or 10 rays; skin wholly smooth, without bony
tubercles. Cycloptekichthys, 782.

ee. Dorsal long, beginning near middle oi' buck ; skin with bony tubercles.

LiPAROPS, 783.

suborbital is thin and broadens as it extends back to tho preopercle. The interopercle is
more blade-like than in the Lipandidce. On 1 genus the nores around the luouth are
tal)ular and form barbels. In this important paper are valuable notes on the osteology
and embryolog.y of the Cifclopteridai and JApandidce.

' The Liparopainai, regarded as a separate family (Liparopsidce) is thus defined by
Mr. Garman :

"The deterioration of tho first or spinous dorsal seen in tho Lumpfisb, has apparently
proceeded so far in the Liparoptidce as to cause the disapyearunce of that tin. Each of
the 2 genera in the family has but a single dorsal, tho posterior. In one genus tlie fin is
short and situated near the caudal, in the other the fin begins near the middle of the
back and extends nearly to the origin of the caudal. The gjsnera are further distin-
guished by dorsal tubercles in one case, and by a naked skin in the other. The shape is
somewhat like that of the Biodons, bulky, thick, broad, and longer forward, in the sec-
tion containing the vLsceral cavity, aud short and greatly reduced in size behind it. Tho
liead is short, lirosd, and thick, the snout short and blunt, tho iiiouth terminal, the teeth
subconical, the eyes lateral, the branch iostegal rays 6 in number, the gill openings
narrow, the gills B^, the pseudobranchii'^ siiiafl, all, with disk, pectorals, and caudal, as in
the Cyelopteridce. Until recently this famil.y has been known only from the Kortli
Pacific. iV short time ago a second species of Cyclapterichthya was named by Vaillant
from a sketch of a fish taken in the Straits of Magellan, which would extend the distri-
bution to the Antarctic regions." (Liparoptidce, Garman, Discoboli, 40, 1892.)

feBlihiji-i;

iffl".!* JWH "^"M t.»,»r<WM^,'TT.~y'™7^ 'V''^T™s"r"'W'VBW[':^';''^"'»'' ,1"

W • if

'Jt-

w

2096 DiiUetht, 47, United States National Museum.
778. CYCLOPTERUS (Artedi) LiumuuH.

(LUMPFISIIKS.)

Lumpvs, Obsner, Hist. Aiiim., iv, 1284, 1688 (nonbinomial).
VyclupUirus, Autedi, tleimni I'isc, 02,1738 (iionbinoiiiial).
Cj/cloptervt, LiNNyKi's, Sy it. X-it., Eil. xi, 200, 1788 {lumims).
Lvminu, McMuutkik, in 'Jiivior, Auini. Kiugd., 1831 {vuljaria'^ .

Body luoro or lo88 compi oHsed toward the back, somewhat triangular in
a transverse section at tLo first dorsal, covered with conical, rouj;h, lioiiy
tubercles; head short, thick, snbquadrangular in a cross section; snout
blunt, rounded; mouth anterior, opening slij^litly upward; teeth sinipl(>,
small, arranged in a band; eye moderate, literal; dorsals 2; caudal dis-
tinct; disk moderately large, anterior below the head ; no barbels about
the mouth; first dorsal fin in the adult completely hidden by tho skin,
the larger tubercles of tho Hanks, though in regular series, having a seat-
tered appearance. One species, reaching a cousiderabie size, in the north
Atlantic. {HvnXoi, circle; icvEpdv, fin.)

im

2484. CYCLOPTERUS LIIMPrS, LiniiJBns.

(LuMPFisiij Cock and Hen Paddle ; Lump Sucker.)

Head 5 in entire length ; depth 2; D. VI * to VIII, 11 ; A. 9 or 10; ventrnl
6; i»ectoral "iO; caudal 12 to 14 ; branchiostegals 6; vertebra' 11 + 18 =;2!t.
Hody niavssive, compressed, snbtriaiignlar in transverse section throiii;Ii
the middle, belly flattened, the portion behind the abdominal chamber
much compressed, and less than \ the length of tho Itody proper.
Head short, subqnadrangular in transverse section, forehead broid,
flattened; nape high; snout short, broad, blunt; mouth wide, antc'rior,
opening with a slight upward direction, extending backAvard almost t(»
.1 vortical from the front margin of the eye. Eyes lateral, near tho top
of tho head, as long as the snout, ^ as long as the head and ^ as wide as
the interorbital space. Forehead broad, depressed, convex. Nostrils
small, tho hinder smaller, near the eyes on interorbital space, the .interior
farther forward, halfway to the mouth, with a short tube. Gill openiiin'
moderately wide, its lower third in front of tho base of tho pectoral. Fins
with rounded margins, rough, with small tu))orcles. First dorsal distinct
on very young individuals, variable in shape, thick and fleshy, with weak
rays in obler stages; second dorsal distinct, broad, rounded; caudal
broad, subtruucate or rounded posteriorly; anal moderate, opposite the
second dorsal, which it resembles in shape; pectorals broad, rounded,
fringed, not indented at the sides of the disk. Disk little longer than
wide, about the width of the head, or nearly J of the length of the latter.
Skin thickly sown with small, irregular subconical tubercles, the sides of
which are roughened with small, conical protuberances. On older indi-
viduals, larger, longitudinally compressed tubercles form a vortical series
from the na,\}6 over the first dorsal ; a series of 3 others stands at Ccach sidt^

*The following formula is given for British Hpecimons: Doraal IV to VII, 10 or 11;
iiual 9 or 10; pectoral 20 or 21 , voutral C; caudal 10 or 11.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2097

nl' tho Hpnro between \\w dornalB; a row of larger ones extends from the
HMpiaorliitiil region along the iliink to th«^ upper ])art of the tail; a Hori<>H,
Htiirting a litth) abovo tho ])<;ctoral, paHsm to tho 1ow<m' portion of tho
tail ; an<I a third liitenil series roachcH along each line of the h)wcr Hurfa<-e
from the Hid(^ of the disk to tho anal. Tho lloshy ridge enveloping tho
first dorsal is snhject to considerable variation; it UHually ('ontinues for-
Wiird on the nape and heroines indefinite iit the occiput. In alcohol the
c«dors are lirownish or olive to grayish, the tultcrcles darker. In lifo tho
tints A'ary from yellowish v>\ greenish in the young to more or less brilliant
red in the males, or bluish to dark brown in females; spots, blotches,
cloudings, or other markings are not infrequent. The young often take
the color of th«'ir surroundings.

Mr. Dn^sel gives the following notes (m a small example of this species,
31 mm. long, from Davis Straits:

Ttic spinoua dorsal in comparatively liigh, and in not enveloped in thick skin an in the
adults. The abdominal tii1>ercleH arc tho mont developed. Tlie gill opening i8 an long as
the boso of the anal tin, which is an long as the disk. I). lY, 10; A. 10. Only 1 ripecimen,
badly mutilated by the [Eskimo dogs, was seen at Godhavu. Tho color was bright olive
green, with the belly white. Tliesn flgh are seldom caught in this harbor after May, dur-
ing which month they are very abundant.

North Atlantic, on rocky shores of l)oth coasts ; south to Cape Cod and
Franco ; generally abundant, reaching a length of 20 inches or more, but
usually much smaller ; they are rarcdy used as food. According to Garman,
the Lumpfish spawns near shore in March or A]>ril, after which the female
retires to deep water, leaving the male to watch the eggs, which hatch
among seaweed and eelgrass. (Eu.) (himpita, from the English lump, tho
iish having been called Lumpua anglornm by Oesner.)

Cyelopterm lumpus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. xi, 1. 260, 1788, Baltic and North Sea ; GOn-
THKR, Cat., ni, 155, 1801 ; Deesel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1884,250; Jordan <fc Gilbert,
Synopsis, 747, 1883; Garman, Discoboli, 21, 1892, and of authors generally.

Cyelopterus minutut, Pallas, Spicilegia, Zool., Vil 12, 17C9, Atlantic Ocean.

Oyelopterus pavoninus, Shaw, Nat. Misc., ix, pi. 310, 1797.

Oyeloptemt pyramidatus, Shaw, Gen'l Zool., v, 390, 1804.

Gobiui miniUus, MDller, Zool. Dan., iv, 38, 1808, Denmark.

Cyelopterus eceruleus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. T., i, 1815, 480, New York
Harbor.

Cyelopterus eoronatus, Couch, Nat. Hist. Cornwall, 47, 1823, Cornwall.

Lvmpus vulgaris, McMurtkie, in Cuvier, Anim. Kingdom, 1831 ; after LlNN.s:u8.

Lumpua anglorum, De Kay, N. Y. Fauna : Fishes, IV, 305, 1842 ; after LiNN-EUS.

779. EUMICROTREMUS, Gill.

Eumierotremus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 190 («2)tno«u«).

Body and head covered with spines and tubercles, not arranged in regu-
lar rows; first dorsal not hidden so early in life as in Cyelopterus. Eyes
and disk larger than in Cyelopterus, the gill openings rather smaller.
Dor.^al rays Vi or VII, 10 or 11. Size small. Northern seas. (eJ, very;
fiiHpdi, small; rpyna, aperture.)

a. Body rather elongate, t he depth 2J in length ; tubercles large. SPlNOStTS, 2436.

aa. Body short and deep, tho depth ^ length; tubercles smaller. OBBis, 2436.

2098

linllctin //, Utiitcd Staies National Museum.

IS'

2485. KI'MintOTKKNVS NIMXONIIS (MiilUir).

Hoad 2}; depth IJ. D. VI, 11; A. 10; P. 21; brauchiostofjals 6. Hody
oxcfodiiijfly robiiHt, iiltriiptly coiiiprcHsed postt'riorly ; tli« lun^th «>f Hk
licad 1<-.SH than its height; crown convex, orbit larg(>, Ichh tlniu j^ of tli<
h'n|rth ot'th<> hoad. Month niodcrato, reaching; a vertical from the fowunl
niar^iu of th«^ orbit. T«>eth small, Hiniplc, 8ubc(«'.]ica1, in a narrow band.
On younger oxtiniplea the anterior dorsal ih (piito distinct, and does not form
a continuous arch with the outline of the back in front of it, as jn the Luni)i,
)»ut aged specimens approach the latter more nearly in these re8pe^t^'
Hetween the 2 dorsiils the sjiace is less than base of first. Caudal subtriin-
cate on its posterior margin, the angles roundcMl otf; all the fins with
rounded margins. Eacli of the conical tubercles with which the skin is
covered is rough, with small projections on its sides and base ; some of tlir
tubercles in diameter of base measuring nearly or quite as much as width
of orbit; the largest appearing in a group of 8 or 9 on the middle of tlir
dank, iind in several series from the crown to the base of the second dorsal ;
one of the large ones standing at each side of the space 1»etween the dorsals ;
a couple of moderate-sized ones seem in front of the shoulder, those on the
entire caudal region smaller, as also those below the head and body. A
young example, about \\ inches in length, has a similar outline in tran.s-
verse section as wide as high, is abruptly compressed behind the abdomen,
and shows the first dorsal as free and distinct as the second ; back some-
what arched under the base of the anterior; interovbital space slightly
concave, \ wicb'r than the orbit, and \ narrower than th<; disk; disl<
nearly \ wider than the orbit. Entire body covered with irregular-
sized spiny tubercles; on the sides of each tubercle the small spines
slender and bristle-like, and their development comparatively greater
than that obtaining among them on older examples. Later in life it is the
central portion or cone of the tubercle that devedops, while the lateral
outgrowths remain small. On the young individuals the larger scales
occupy the spaces behind the pectorals, above the operclos, and at the
sides of the first ilorsals. Dr. Giinther, 1880, figures some young specimens
an inch in length, some with tubercles, others without them, and shows
the fins to be angular early in life. The color is olivaceous to brownish,
very likely reddish in life, clouded with darker. From the material before
us, this species appears to be less compressed than either Cycloptcrus ?m?wjj«»
or liiimicrotremita orbis. In a transverse section, in front of the first dor-
sal, it is nearly round, whereas in either of the others such a section is
considerably higlier than wide. Compared with them in regard to length,
it may be described as elongate. How umch of this difference in form is to
be credited to individual variation we can not at present determine, bear-
ing in mind the variations seen in a lot of specimens of C. lumpua, it does
not seem at all impossible that E. spinosus and E. orbia may have to be
united, as has been suggested by several authors, but unless other speci-
mens show closer approaches than these, they are certainly better kept
separate. (Garman.)

Mr. Dresel gives the following notes on a specimen, 90 mm. long, from
the stomach of a halibut in Davis Straits :

s-

p .

i

•i-

fc

■rik

H^L„

■U:

Jordan and pA'crmann. — Fishes of North America. 2009

I). VII, 11; A. ca. lU. Tli(i lit'utl null body Hiiborlticular; tho lioily pottU'riorly in
abruptly (;i)iii|)nmHt'il. Th)< inoiith in iiinilernl*', tht) jawH with iiart'iiw bantlH of villil'oi'ni
tooth. Tht) maxilla rcaclit'H In brluw tlie aiiteriiM' iiiai't;iii nf tlio Kyc, ItH lvu;;tli biMii({
contained 1!^ tliiiits in tbat of tli<^ lifail. Tbi^ ^\\\ opcnln;; in small, im lonu aH lliu diamutcr
of tliueyo, wliicli Ih conlnineii ;i timoH in the IcnKtli ot° tht) liuad. Tho (iJHk Ih about uh
lonK as it Ih broad, ) nl' the IcuKlb of tliti liuiid. Tbo int<>rorbital width is t;r<'atnr than \
llio lcn;:tli of tho head, and not (|ult« twico tho dianiotor of tho cyu. Ki'n)jth of hoad
I'ontainod It timoH, ^rcatoHt hoi{;lit of body 'J tinn^s, in total lonKth. Tho body Ih oovodmI
with (Mtnical plntoH of varionx Hi/.t'H, thoHotif tho ]it!ctoral ro^inn b(>in(f tho larKOHt, about
as lar^ro n8 tho oy*'. Tho jilnti^fl aro Htuddod with huuiII tuboi'cloH, and tho largor onoH
liavo tho contOTH clovatod ami pointod. (!olor iii Hpirite, light brown, with tracoH of
|iuiiutulntionH on tho Hkiu botwofu tho plates.

North Atlantic aud Arctic ocoiiiis, Honth to Maiiio and Dctniiiirk; the
speciinvns ahovo described (by Mr. Garmaii) from Kastport, Maine. (Eu.)
(npino$n», spinouH.)

Cj/clopteruD rjnnosiit, Ml^i.i.EK, Prodr. Zool. Dnn., ix, 1777, Denmark; FAnnirii-s, Fnuua
Gni-niandica, 1U4, 1780; GL'nTHEB, Cat., iii, 157, 1801; Johdan & Gildkut, Syuop»iH,
740, 1883.

FAdmevotnviui ipinoavi, GiLL, rroo. Ac. Nat. Scl. Fhila. 1873, 100; Dresel, Proc. U. S.
Xat. MuH. 1884.'J40; Gaiiman, l>iHCob(di,34, 1802.

Lumpua iqnnotua, Stuker, SynopHis, 482, 1840.

2430. KUMK'BOTRKMIT. ORBIS (Giinther).

Hoad 2A; depth II, . D. VII, 9; A. 10; caudal 10; brancbiostojjals 0.
B«»dy compressed, thick, short, aud high; head short, higlier than wide,
Ihittened ; supraorbital augles promiiieut. In the specimen described, badly
.shrunken by drying, tho lieight of the liead is contained in tho distance
I'rom the snotit to the base of tho caudal nearly twice. Eye large, about
UK titn«'S in the length of the head. Teeth numerous, small, subconical,
in pavement, 4 or r> series. Anterior dorsal inu(!h as in a 8i)ccimen of
C. lumjma of 3 incht Ju length, the sides of the fiu covered with spines
of moderate size, the spinous rays 7 in number. The upper outlino of
this fin is much like that of the Lump, in being arched backward, or
crescentic. The 10 rays of the second dorsal are very distinct; the
membranes are not so tuberculate as those of the first. Entire body and
head covered with spiny conical tubercles, the largest in a group of 7 or 8
on the ilank behind the pectorals, another on the forehead, and those on
the supraocular ridge. A single large one stands at each side of the
space between tho dorsals. Those on the Hanks aro in contact, and on an
example 4^ inches in length there aro several that exceed ^ inch in diame-
ter. The sides of the tubercles are roughened by multitudes of iine sharp
spines. Under chin and throat the tubercles are smaller, close together,
and very numerous. The origin of the first dorsal is above and a little in
front of the gill opening. The latter is above tlie base of the pectoral,
beliind the eye; its width is hardly as great as that of the orbit. Profes-
sor Collett gives a good figure of C. apinosus; to compare the specimen
from which these notes are taken with it, the Pacific representative is
higher and moro arched in front of and over the first dorsal, the depth of
the body is greater in propoition to tlie length, and the spines above the
lateral line, from the space between the dorsals to the back of the skull,
are a great deal smaller. These differences are such as may obtain on

4

$

^^

2100 Dulktin ^7, United States National ^/nseiim.

k

p

individiialH, it iu true, but until dirurt cninpc; iHoiiH of sorieH from Mk.
I'licific lire luado with othera from the Atlautic it iH hardly wortli tlm
while to throw C. orbin in witli C, apinosnt. The 2 apucioH are very cIohcIs
iilli(>d, but with our spocinieuH it doen not Hucni best to bring them to^utln^i
as one. (Garuuiu.) Northern racitl<r, south to Vancouver Island; imi
rare. The speoinien above described from Ht. Ooorge Island, liering Sf;i.

The following notes are taken iVom a very large spe«'imeu, 5 iuchos loii<>,
from the Aleutian Islands. (Coll. Alaska Comml. Co.) :

ll»'ad3; depth nearly 2; D. VII, II; A. 10; caudal 10. Hody orbicular,
cuboid anteriorly; base of spinous dor^sal and body behind vent al)ru]itlv
comprussod; teeth in narrow bands; gill o))eniiigH on a level with eyti,
slightly narrower than orbit. Spinous dorsal not hidden, coverotl willi
rough tubercles, similar to thos«> on body, but smaller; width of ventral
disk slightly less than its length, and somewhat less than length of hoati.
Hody covered with irregular roundish conical plates, varying much in
si/.e, some of the larger with a central point, turned backward; all tin
plates with small tubercles and slender iloxible prickles; small plates
along bases of all the tins; a series of 6 large plates extending backward
from above eye to opposite the interval between dorsals; a series of .5 on
each side of middle of interocular space from snout to nape, these increas-
ing much in size posteriorly; a scries if 3 along opercular margin; alouf;
base of spinous dorsal, a series of 1, uot connected with that of interor-
bital space; a single large plate on each side of the interval between dor-
sals; 2 longitudinal series of 4 large plates each, beginning above base of
pectorals and behind gill slits, terminating under the space bittwceu
dorsals; the largest plate on body is immediately behind axil of pectoral;
a smaller one below it, and 2 others between it and origin of anal ; 2 series
of smaller plates below eye ; many small plates interposed between tlio
series of largo ones; very small plates on under side of head and middle of
tail; no plates between ventral disk and vent; none in axil of pectorals.
Color olivaceous, the skin between the plates thickly punctate.

"Three young examples, the largest 27 mm. long, were dredged south
of Sannak Islands and in Bristol Bay (depth 19 to 70 fathoms). Fin
rays in these vary as follows: D. VI or VII, 9 or 10; A. 8 to 10. AVo
agree with Garman in considering it advisable to distinguish the north
Pacific form from E. apinoana, until adequate series can be compared.''
(Gilbert.) (orbia, orb or sphere.)

OyclopteruH orbu<, ( JOnther, Cat., ni, 158, 1861, Vancouver Island.

Hmnierotemun orbig, J ORVxy &. GiLBEiiT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 454; Garman, Disco.

boli, 36, 1892.
Vyclopterus tpinosus, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 746, 1883 ; not of MOller.

,^

IV"--

780. LETHOTREMUS, Gilbert.

LethotremuSy Gilbert, Kept. U. S. Fish Comni. 1893 (1896), 449 (mutieua).

This genus differs from Eumicrotremua in the total absence of the bony
plates, and of lateral line or pores on sides of head and body. The skin is
either smooth or armed with scattered prickles. (A.r/Or/, forgetfulness ;
rpffjiia, apertures.)

a. Dorsal rays VII, 11 ; anallO ; skin perfectly smooth. muticvts, 2437.

aa. Dorsal rays V, 7 ; anal 6; skin prickly. vinolentus, 2438.

3 I

Jordan and Evcnnann, — Fishes of North America. 2101

S4»7. LKTIKITItDNIN Ml TICI N, (lillKstt.

I). VII, 11; A. 1»»; r. 2:^. Mepth '1 to 2i in loiiKtli ; lioiul '1\ to 2i. Kyo
very largo, 2^ to 2^ in liuiul, (M|iialing iiitcrorhitiil wiiltli. In Kmnwro-
IrriHHH orh'tH of o«iual hI/o, tliu length of th<« Hlit slightly I«>hn than itH
distance tVoui uppur hiiHu of pectoralH. Dianu'tfi* of ventral dihk {|
length of head, cfiual to wi<Ith of mouth. No bailielH or lllaniunts.
Origin of HpinonH dorHal Hlightly in advancn of gill nlit, diHtanco
between dorHala equaling half diameter of oy*;; origin of anal untler
that of Hecond dorsal; no n«»t4'h between upper and lower ])ortious of
pectoral tin, the lower rays thickened but nut lengthened, the length of
upper ray e(inaling that of suoiit and eye. Vent Heparated from disk by
Hlightly niorr than A its distance from front of aual. Color in ajdritH,
lirownish above, Avhite below, the upper parts llnely frt'ckled with small
black specks. Length about 1 j inches. Aleutian Islands. This species
closely resembles in form, tin rays, and giuioral appearance EumicrolninuH
ofhia, but ditl'ers, in additi(m to the generic characters already stated, in
the much larger eye, the lower spinous dorsal, and the extreme reduction
of tlu) ])osterior nasal tube. In youDg examples of E, orhis, the ]u>sterior
nasal tube is much longer than the anterior, and equals ^ the diameter of
eye. In L. niuHcua, both tubes are short, and the posterior is little
more than an elevated rim to the nasal opening. The naked specinuins
from the Atlantic, reported on by Dr. Giinther under the name (UjcloptrnnuH
apinoaiia, are probably referable to Lvlholrcmuti. (Gilbert.) (muliciix,
unarmed.)

Lethotremiis mutieut, GUJJKKT, llept. U. S. Fish Coinni. 1893 (1890), 449, pi. 31, Unimak
Pass, Alaska, at Albatross Stations 3323 and 3358, in 56 and 70 fathoms.

IMAN, Disco.

2488. LKTIIOTRRMIJS VINOLKMUS, Jordan A Stiirks.

Head 2} in length ; depth 2J. D. V, 7 ; A. 6 ; eyo 3 in head ; snout nearly
4; maxillary 2* ; interorbitr.l 2^ ; ventral disk 1^ ; height of spinous dorsal
2j^ ; length of jiectoral 2|. Body short and thick, broadest at heatl, dee])est
in front of lirst dorsal spine, abruptly compressed at vent; back some-
what elevated. Mouth terminal, oblique, the jaws about equal; snout
very blunt ; maxillary reaching slightly past the vertical from front of eye;
teeth in narrow villiform bands; teeth on vomer (the s])ecimen is so small,
we can not be sun^ of the palatine teeth) ; eye large, set high in the head,
its diameter greater than the length of the snout; iuterorbital wide and
Hat. the diameter contained lA times in the Avidth; gill opening obli(]uc,
about as wide as eye and on a level with eye; disk \ longer than broad,
its length about equal to distance from gill opening to anterior edge of
eye. Skin thick; head and body nearly naked, a few spines scattered
over it; spinous dorsal with 3 or 4 small spines, a minute simple spine in
front of eye and 2 or 3 above it; 4 multitid spines following the curve
of back, under spinous dorsal, and 1 under the front of second dorsal, 2
similar spines on each side of nape, just above oi)ercles ; 2 on edge of oper-
de and 3 on edge of prcopercle ; an irregular row of 6 running from jibovo
biise of pectoral to front of anal tin, and a couple of small ones behind gill

-'*■■

1 1

M '

ji»

2102 linlUlhi 47, United Sinks National Must urn.

o)M>iiiii^; Itoily othorwiHe nuked. All tli» HpinHH, with i\w t^xcoptioii
of tlioHu iiuttxl iiH Hiin])lr, iiro loii^ Hliiirp H|>iii«tH in f;roii]iH of from 3 to
H with a I'oiiiinoii ItuHu, guiiorally tint leii){th of ouch H|iiii«) i-\('<'«>(liii'^
length of tho Itusu. No latunil lino. HpinonH ilortal loucliing to the firsi
ray of Huft dornal when tin iu ilepreHsuil, higlioi- tliun Hoft iIofhuI; unul mni
Hoft (loi-Hul Hiniilur; caiitlul Mnutll, trniifutv or Hiightly ronndiMl; pectomlM
very Hhoi't, reaching to the poHtorior tMlgu of vmtrul diNk. Color Itri^lii
wino red, nlightly ligliter Ittdow, without niarkingH, sidcH diistod ovn
with very Hinull dark jiointH; HpinouH dorHal diiHky; othor llnH oolorlt>Hh.
Colors <liNuppeur in ulcolxd. Ono Hptt«;ini(Mi \ inch long, drotlgtMl in I'li^ci
Sound. If the adult hIiuwh the Hunie characterH, it niuHt bocoiue the type
of a diutiuct genim. {riiiolintiiH, wiue-colorod.)

LithotremuM vinolfntim, JoBDAN A Stakkh, I'roc. Ci»l. Ac. 8cl. IBO.'i, 827, pi. 04, Pugct
Sound, near Seattle, Washington. (Typu, Xo. 3i;il, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mint. (.'oil. i:
C. SturkH.)

781. CYCLOPTEROIDES, Garnuin.

Citeltijtteniideii, Gakman, Mom. DiHcuboli, 37, 1802 (<jyrinopiii,

IJody Hhort, thick, Hlightlj' dcjjroHHed anteriorly, coinprcHBod poHtoriorlx ,
Heud hroad, short; Hnout short, oUtUHo ; suborditul produced to conncri
with the preoperculnni, widening backward. The baacH of bothdorHalHartt
thickly en velop<Ml in skin and ileah. VcntrulH united, forming a lar^r
adhesive disk. Chin with tubular pores, or barbuLs. Teeth small, siili
conical, (iill openings narrow; gill niembraneH united und attachoti to
theiHthmus. Gills 3A. Pseudobranchia> present. Six brunchiostcgnl rays.
Intestine long. Like i'jidoptcrus, to which it is closely allied, the species
of this genus up])earH to derive a portion of their food from vegetation.
{CycloptirnH; eiSo^, resembluuco.)

2480. CYt'LOl'TEKOIDKN 0VB1XUP8, Gnnnan.

Head 3 in total b'ngth; D. 8 or 9; A. 9; p«'ctoral 24; caudal 10;
(we(!a 10 or 11; bran<'hiostegul 6. Body oblong, comprcsHud towanl the
dorsals, broad toward the boUy, subtriaugular in trnnsverse section,
abruptly compressed in the posterior ])ortion between the second dorsal
and the unul, deep near the abdomen, and tapering rapidly to the eaiidiil
fin. Ittdly flattened, ^ as wide as long. Head short, as long as higli.
wider than long; interorbital space eoncHV(» transversely and slightly so
longitudinally, steeply inclined on snout and sides; cheeks swollen;
month anterior, somewhat obli(]ue, little wider than interorbital sitace.
not reaching u vertical from front of eye; lower lip interrupted foru short
distance at the symphysis; chin with a series of 4 barbels on ea«-b side
formed by tubular prolongations of the pores similar to those of tin
nostrils. Teeth very small, conical, slightly hooking baekAvard, in 5 rows
at the symphysis, some of which are shorter and do not extend so fai-
toward th«; sides as the others. Nostrils small, tubular, the {losterioi
between th«! eyes, und tlie anterior halfway between the posterior and the
mouth. p]ye moderate, lateral, as long as the suout^ more than 4 in

Jordan and livcrniatni, — Fisfus of North America, 2103

huiid, proiniiit^nt iibovr th«« oiitliiin i*l' tlio fon-litMitl. dill i>|H)iiiiiK very
Hiiittll, uuvorutl by \\w H|iiiio-lik«^ uii^^lo of tliu oporclu, ut n tliHtuiico ahovn
llio ItiiMu ul* th<- ]i«('.t*>rul )<i|iinl to iihout twico itH own wiilth. Skin cov-
iTttd with iiiiiruH, with I H<-rluH of vory hiiiuII, WiHiiiiit, 1- to 8-H|iiuful
tiibMntlt-M on carh Hitlo; I Horiem on oa«-h niiio of tho metlian iim- of th»
foruhuiid alon^ th*< Hitltm of tho ItasoH of tlir tloi'HulH, anothn- front i-arli
oi'bitiil ritl^o bai'kwiinl on Ww Hank iiaialUd witii tho liiHt, another
liohiinl oat'h uyo, tintl tho fourth at th<> lower iMlgc of the ^ill opening;;
lutlow thu liiHt Hurh-H the skin Ih ipiitu buru. N'entral «liHk an long hh the
lioiul, aH bi'(>a<l uh lon^, or broiidur, nuarly twiee uh far from tho eaiiilu! aH
from thu niuuth. !>orHal thiH voiy thick at tlieir baHes, envoloptMl in Ioohu
Hkin through whieh tho rayH may be diHtingMiNhed, Neparatud by an inter-
Hpace, the tlrst higlier, originating above the gill opening; IxtHe of the
Hecontl liigher in front, and the ptmterior rayH more free from the thick
Hkiu. (The extremitieH of tlie rays ure all weak, and in moHt eaneH have
been carried uway. That tlie caudal (In wan pointed Ih intlicated by the
Ntrength of the median rays; in other words, the (in was longer in the
middle.) I'ectorals broad, runnded in the upper part posteriorly, rea<'hing
aH far backward as the hinder edge of the disk ; lower border but little
inilented, if at all, with enda of rayH prolonged au a short fringe. Color
brown, approaching a chocolate; belly light; a «^ark brown blotch between
th** eyes, another from each eye through anterior nostril to mouth, 1 below
eye to throat, 1 or 2 l>ack of eye on opercle, a larger one behind gill op«'n-
ing, several Binall oiiom close along bases of dorsals, and an elongate band
nn the hinder part of Hank and on base of caudal ])ortion; peculiar nnirkH
exist in a brown blotch, on each Hide of hinder part of abdomen, on
which is a bunch of 3 white spots like a clover leaf, in a white baud,
reaching toward the llauk at each Hide of hinder margin of disk, and in
a white Hpot at posterior ends of branchioHtegal rays. Total length a
little less thau 2 inches. St. Paul Island, Alaska (Garman); the young
takeu by us in the harbor t»t ilualaska. (yv/jiyos, tadpole; coip, ajtpear-
anco.)

('jieloptcroidi-»<i!frinoj>x, Oakman, Moii. DiHcoboli, iu McniDlrH Muh. Coniii. /uol., Cuiiiliridge,
a7, 18U2, St. Paul Island, Alaska.

78a. CYCLOPTERICHTHYS, Steindachner.

Ciieloptffiehthyii, S'rEim)Acii:iKU, Ii'lith. UcitriiKO, x, 14, 1881 {ijlaber ■■ ventrieomui).

IJody short and thi<'k, rounded, covered with thick, smooth skin, desti-
tute of bouy tubercles; tail slender, compressed, the body abruptly con-
iractcd to its base; head broad, obtuse; nuuith oblique, the lower jaw
|)rominent; teeth rather small, simple, hooked, sharp, in 2 rows anteriorly ;
pseudobranchiat large; gills 3^; 8ub«>rbital connected by a bony stay Avith
tho i>reopercle; gill opening small, above the base of the pectoral, whi<'h
IS broad and proiurrent; ventral disk moderate, fringed. Dorsal short
and high, of soft rays only, opposite the short anal, both well se2)arated
from the small caudal. {CyclopUrus; /^OOj, lish.)

i

'St.- 19

^if

ii '1^

2104 Bnllctin /7, United States A\itiohK.. ,t/i,S(Utn,

•i4IO. ('VCLOPTKUUilTllYH VKMTUU OMI H (i'alliiN).

Il«m(l21; «l«|.th:Ji. D. 9; A. 7 (Kor» ralliiM) ; I'. 20; ('. U. IJo(ly»tuui,
tlili'k.Hliiirt, Hiiinotk, abruptly <-<iiiiprnHHu<l liohiiiil tliolxMly nivity. CaiKlnl
portion iKMirly i. of tho total lun^tli. Ilua<l about j^ of tho luiiKth witliunt
thu caudal, broad, tlrpi^HHod but toiivt'X on tho rrowii, blunt and liroiidls
rounded on tlio Huout. Mouth widi^, antttrior, op«)nin^ Hli^htly upward.
Uh corner btdbru tho uiiddlu of tho oyo. Tcotli Hiuall, HJuiplo, in 2 hui it s
in front, and but 1 toward thn HitlttH. l*allaH HayH of tho ilontition : " . !iix-
illuriim niar^^inoM ohmcI, denticnlis niiiiiitlH, cnrvuliH, obluHiuaculiH, iotntr
dinatJH ut inii-i|inillbiiH, puHHini K*'>><>"<>tiH aH)>ori ; quorum in HuporiurK
maxilla intoriorcn maJoroH.'' lOyo lateral, its diamotor containod 7 tinicH
in thu luuKth of tho head. Gill Hlit i in lioad. Dornai Hhort, buhind the
ultdoniiual chanibor, itn up))«r oxtrumity o\tontlin;i; Itehind a vortical frtim
the baH«i of tho cauilal, margin rounded; anal Muiallur than the dorHul ami
oppOHod to it, though ori^inatinf^a trillo farthoi- l>ack ; caudal Miibtraucatc,
roundud. Vont almost dirtxrtly in tho mid<lh« of tho total length. Dink
Hubcircular, with abroad ciitanooiiH margin, 1^ in head. ItrowniHb, with
numuroUH scatterud, Huiall, rounded spotH of darker; our Hpocimona pliiin
blackiHk olivo. Horiii)? H»>a; Sea of Okhotsk (Stoindaclinor); our Hpcci-
mens from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group; also found at I'etropaulski;
occasionally taken in abundance, (vcniricoiiuti, largo-bollied.)

Oi/eloptenm vrntrictisiis, I'ALi.As, SpicileKia, Zmil., vn, 15, t.'i, 1709, Kamchatka.
Cudoplirichthi/t tjlaher, Stkindaciinkii, Iclitli, IlcltriiKo, x, 14, pi. 8, 1881, Sea of Okhotsk.
Coliilit ventricosim, (jOntmeu, Cat., ill, 4W I.

Cyclopteriehthya ventricoaus, Jordan & *HT, SynopHin, 745, 1883 ; Gahman, Dlscohull,

41, 1802.

783. LIPAROPS, Gannan.
Lii)arap», Garman, Discoboli, in Mom. Mu8. (Jomp. Zool., 43, 1802 ($telleri),

A little-known ^euus, apparently closoly alli«id to Cualopfcrichthjis, but
distinguished by tho elongate dorsal, tho tuburcles, and thu doutition.
One species known. {Lii>arin', i^ip, appearance.)

2441. lilPABOPS STKIiLKRl (PiiUaa).

Body oval, smooth, tho chest in the middle, the de]>th 4 inches; a single
soi'ios of osseous tubercles along tho mid<lle of the back to the origin ol
tho dorsal tin; l<»wer jaw longest; tooth slender, blunt, une<iual; cycH
small, high ; gill opening reduced to a round foramen ; opentlo large. Disk
between pectoral tins. Dorsal fin commencing on tho middle of the 1>ack
and extending to near the base of caudal; anal ending opposite dorsal;
anal slender. Petropaulski, Kann-hatka, where it is rare (Pallas); not
seen by any recent collector. (Named for Georg Wilhelm Stellar, naturalist
and explorer.)

Cyclopterui gtelleri, Palias, Zoogr. KoHHO-Asiat., ni, 73, 1811, Kamchatka, Harbor of

Peter-and-Paul; dcMcribud t'rum inanuiscriptH of Stellbr.
Cotylis ttellert, OCntheu, Cut., in, 499, 1801.
Oyclopterichthys iitelleri, Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 745, 1883.
Liparops ifeUeri, Gabman, Discoboli, 42, 1892.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2105

Fiimll.> (I-XXXIII. MI'AUIDin.T':.

iAN, DlBcoboU,

(TlIK Hka Hnaii.h.)

l»o«ly more or I«hi» «l(niKiito, tiiil|i<ilo-Nlm]iril, Hiihoyliiulrii'iil ntitoriorl.v,
ooiuprrsHtMl liohiiiil, tlio hoiul (l<'|)r*'HHOil ; liutli linitl iiikI Ixxly cost^roil with
Hiiiootli, thill Hkiii, whli'li ia very lux. IIimhI IhoikI, oIiIiiho, \\w hiidiiI Hhort,
wido, iitid blunt; third HiihorldtuI boiiu Htylit'ot-m Ixdiiiitl, I'lti tiling u lioiiy
lituy »rtiriilatiii>{ with thtt pn'oponlu, uh in Coflidn ; month iiiodirato,
antorior, turmiiial, tho \awn ut|iiiil, or tlio lowri- in(liid«Hl; Juwh with
handH of Hiiiall t«oth, which aiu Miiii|il«; or moro or Iomh tricuspid, iihiially
cloHo Hut, roriiiiiiK tt p.iveiiuMit; no tuvth on vomer or palatincH; promaxil-
hiriuH protractiht, little movahln; opurciilar Iioiioh iinarniod ; intero])or*'1«
Hlundur, ray-liki>, ovurlylng tho hran<;hi(>Hti^galH; gill opcningH hiiuiII, tliu
mombrnnoH Joined to tliu broad iHthiiiiiH and to tlie linincral arch Ixdow,
ItrauchioMtegnls (i. (iillN 3A, no nlit iMdiind the laHt; pHondobranchia*
Hinull or wanting; dorsal tin rather long, the Hpinen feebh) and lloxiblc,
low, Hiniilar to the not't rayn; anal long, Himilar to the Holt tlorHal; ventral
linH 1, 5, the two completely iiiiito<l and Conning tint bony center of an oval
Hiicking (UhU, or elue HometimeH entirely wanting; jtectoral tin very broud,
the base procnrrent, extending forward under tho throat, the outline
usually cniarginato, Home of the lower rayH being prodiued; tail <li]ihy-
oeniul; euiidil tin short, convex; vertebra* nniiieroiiH, 35 to 50; pyloric
ca-ca uuinei uh; no nir bladder; ntomach siphoiial, U-Hlia;ied, inteHtino
elongate. (ilenera!>; H|)ecieH aliont 10. Small, Hliiggish lishe.s, nearly all
of the Arctic seas, a few belonging to the Antarctic; found adhering to
rocks at various depths. The group is evidently closely al1ie«l to the
Cotlidw, and its origin must Im^ sought in the ancestors of hiicIi types as
I'ayrhrolutrH antl ('otliinculitii, the Cycloptcridif representing a eot>rdiuate
phase of degradation.

The following additional characters are given by Mr. Oarman :

Skolt'ton witli a soiiiowliul larger proitortion of OHHtHiuH niattiT tliau that ot th<* Oydnpter-
idu). Ah in that fiiniil.v, tlut Hkiill Ih full on tlie liack, uh if trimcHlc, anil has no paHHaiKo
for maacleB uxtoutling forward botwuun tho iiiastoiil ami tho occipital)). Third aiilmrbital
very long, Hlonder, and spinu-liko, postoriurly reaching; toward the jioHtorior niargin of
tlio proopentulum. Upper liinh of preo|iorruliini oxpandod. Oporciiliim iniicli reduuud,
itH 8hape with buuim rosiMiililancn to that of a buot, tho Hule dircctod downward and tlio too
backward. Subopercnluni sloudor, likonn inverted V with the limbH curved outward,
the anterior extending forward along the preopereiibiin, and tho poHterior reaching back
under the lower border of the oporciiluiii. Interoi>erciiliiiii long, Htyliforni, reaching from
)4uboperculura to articular, frequently nilHtaken for one of the branchioHtegal rayH. Jtea-
sons for separating this family from the Vj/clojitcriila' and ])lacing it farther from the
(httidce ex'Ht in the continuous dorsal, the connection of dorHal and anal with the caudal,
the moro complete transfonuatiun of tho ventral rays, tlio more slender and spine-like
suborbital process, the expanded upper limb of tho preoperculum, tho Ht.vliform inter-
operculum, the shorter olfactory nerves, and the more elongate brain. (Garman.)
Ditcoholi liparidina, GUnthkr, Cat., lu, 158 to 105, 18C1.

r.iPARlDIN^ : •

a. Ventral disk present, large or small.

b. Ventral disk normal, composed of 13 lobes, a median one in front, and one cor-
responding to each of the tin rayH, each lobe v.ith a dociduoun horny cover-
ing or papilla. Teeth clone sot in pavomont-like bands, tricuspid in tho
3030 55

3i

2106 Bulletin y/, United States National Musetim,

i 'J

young, some or all becoming angular or bluntly arrow-fshapod in tlio adult .
caudal tin -well dttvelopeil, rather l>road.

e. Dorsal tin dividod by a doep notch, which separates the slender HjyiucH U ,

the Hoft rays. Kbui.ii'aki», 78i.

ee. UorHal tin continuous, the spines not separated from the soft rays.

Lll'AKIH, "85.

hh. Ventral disk more or less reduced in size or degraded in structure, l)cc'jiiii:i"

anterior in position ; teeth simple or tricuspid only in the very young ; vur-

tebrie numerous.

d. Caudal well dovolojjed; teeth HlenJer, curved, in cardifonu bandn, tlio

inner longer, depressible ; ventral disk large ; skeleton very Moft.

1{ATHYPHA«.MA, 78(i,

dd. Caudal tin slendc, not distinct from other vertical tins ; teeth simple iu

tiie adult; vertebrie numerous; dorsal rays 'Ah to 50; anal 33 to 40.

Anterior nostrils usually without tubes; a ntral disk very small.

nearly under the eye ; the vent close behind it.

e. Pectoral tins with the lower lobe well developed; gill openings in<iil-

erate or small, not greatly reduced. Cakepkoctus, 7H7.

te. Pectoral tins not notched, the lower lobe obsolete, the rays progrcM^

ively 8hort«ued ; gill openings reduced to a small iwre.

GYBINICHTHVS, 788.
AMITPIN^:

aa. Ventral disk entirely wanting; no ventral tins; teeth mostly simple in the adult;
Yertebru3 nrd fin rays in large number.
/. Pseudobranchiu) present; lower lobe of ]>ectoral produced. Amitra, 789.

/. Pseudobranchiio wanting.

g. Tipof snout without barbel. Pakalipakis, 7'.Ki.

<jij. Tip of snout with a pair of barbels ; snout projecting.

KUINOLIPABIS, 791.

784. NEOLIPARIS, Stoindachuer.

NeoliparU, Stkinuachnek, Ichth. IJeitr., ill, 54, 1875 (mxieonia).

Tliia genus ditters from Liparis in having a deep notch in the dorsal fin
anteriorly, separating the spines from the soft rays. The species approacli
more nearly to the Cottoid type, from which the i.,iparids are descended.
In general the vertehriu are fewer, the lin rays fewei-, the ventral di.siv
larger, an«^ the vertical fins better separated than in the more degenerate
members of the family. The retention of the notch between the dorsal.s
fully justifies the recognition of Neolipana as a distinct genus, (veui.
new; Liparis.)

a. Gill 'ipening very narrow, almost entirely above base of pectoral, the lower edge not
bi'ldw third i)octoral ray.
b. Aniorior nostrils with distinct tubes.

c. Dor.sal spines iu the male greatly elevated, not connected by membranes
except at extreme base.
d. Dorsal rays about 25; anal 23; head small; ventral disk small.

ATLANTICnS, 2442.

dd. Oorsal rays 26 ; anal 23; head larger; ventral disk .comparatively large.

KUTTEKI, 24411.

ec. Dorsal spines* not especially elevated; dorsal rays 34 to 36; anal rays 25 (d

28; lower ,jaw included; form rather elongate, the head depressed;

ventral disk 2,\ in liead. Color pale, irregularly dotted with darker,

sometimes xilaiu browui.sh. callyouon, 2444.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2107

u tbo mlult :

jwer edge not

hh. Anterior iioHtrilH with u rniHinl rim, and witlioiit diHtiuct tiibcH; hoiid sliort,
blunt, 4 in length; vtuitral diHk very large, IJ in head; snont blunt; mouth
very short, its flef't nlmoHt entirely initerior, the niaxiibiry m-ureely reach-
ing eye; dormtl rayx ;i°J; anal '20. Color plain roHy or browniHb, not spotted.

MUCOSUS, 'J440.
aa. Gill opening rather large, its base opposite 4 or 5 upper rays of pectoral; body deep
posteriorly; nostrils with raised rim, but without distin.u tubes; ventral disk
moderate, 1\ to 'l\ in bead; head about ItJ in biMly, de]ires8ed above; cleft of
iuouth broader, partly lateral, nearly \\ in head. C(dor plain brownish or red-
dish.

e. 1)01 sal VI, 27; anal 21 to 23; pectoral 30; tiesh lirni. KU)K/K,2446.

<'e. Dorsal VI,34; anal3U; pectoral 35; llesb lax. oukicm, 2447.

eee. Dorsal \'I, 28; anal 20; jiouCoral 30. kissi'BATI's, 24)a.

2442. KKOLirAUlS ATLAMICIIS, Jordan & Kvermann, now species.

Head \l ; depth 4 to 4A. D. VI, 25 ; A. 23 ; \\ 30. K

lioad :

> , snout

3; ventral disk IJ to 2. J{ody widest jit ,';;ill opening, coinpiessed posteri-
orly; deepest below third dorsal spine; head broader than deep, dt^pressed
above the eyes; mouth narrow, its cleft transverse and extendiuji? to ante-
riornostril; lower Jaw included; teeth tricuspid, the middle cusps hif>;hest;
gill openings very narrow, the lower border opposite lirst ray of ])ectoral;
anterior nostril tubular, the tube 'i of eye; posterior nostril witli a low
flap; skin loose, lying in folds. Origin of dorcii'l not lar behind jiectoral,
its distance from tip of snout \ its distance to base of caudal. Dorsal
with a v«'rj' shallow notch, the spines nearly continuous with tiie soft
rays; in the males much elevated, the tips thickened and membranes
deeply incised; the first or longest 8))ine as Icig as head; the sixth or last
not quite ^ head; middle rays of soft dorsal 2 in head; dorsal and anal
joined to base of caudal ; caudal nearly as long as head; pectoral almost
reaching anal, slightly longer than head; lower rays exserted, forming a
slight lobe. Color reddisli brown, with small scattered light or bluish
dots over the body; tins darker, clouded with pale, tlie dorsal broiidly
edged with darker. The specimen here described, 37215 U. S.Nat. Mus.,
is about 5 inches long, froni Godbout, Quebec. Numerous otlior speciuuuis
from Salem (20367) and Woods Hole, Massachusetts (40118), agree with this,
the females having the lirst dorsal much lower. It is generally common
along rocky shores from Newfoundland to Cape Cod. This species has been
repeatedly recorded under the name Liparis montayui, Donovan, but it is
not identical with th<» European species of that name. The published
figures of N.monUKjtii show a deep»^r fisli with larger head, and with the
spinoits dorsal very low, and scarcely tlistinct from the soft rays. Day's
figure looks remarkably unlike our fish. Unfortunately the European
specimens o{ Xeoliparia mcntagui in the National Aluseum are all too small
for satisfactory comparison.*

Neoliparis atlanticui, Joudan & Evekmann, new species, Godbout, Quebec. (Type, No.

37215.)
Liparis montayui, Cdvier. R6gne Anim. Ed. i, vol. 2, 227, 1817 ; Joudan & Gilkebt, Syuoji-

sis, 743,1883, in part; Gakman, Discoboli, 47, 1892, with plate, and of authors generally.

* Dr. Boulenger has kindly sent us the following note on Liparis montagui: I have
examined about a do/.en of oiiv British Lipari* montaijxi.i. of i»ll sizes up to 5 inches. The
anterior dorsal looks very iudistiiict, has no detached portion, and none of its rays are
ever produced into iilanieuts.

-4 'if

1 )■

in

2108 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

Cycloiiterui viimtaeuH, Turton, British Fiiiina, 115, 1807; after Donovan.

Liparis gubiut, CuviEU, liugno Auini., i, 227, 1817j after Go6i««, MOlleh, Zool. Dan.,

IV, 16, 1808.
Cj/cloptertu lii>aroidei, Kilh^on, Prodr. Iclitb. Scaiid., 62.

Lepadocinter cornubiensis, Tiiomi'SON, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1835, 81, Cornwall.
Lipnris reticulata. Couch, IJril. risli., ii, 195, 186;i.
Liparin ek*tr'<mi, LCtken, Vid. Medd. Nat. For. KJobenli. 1805, 221.
Liparis maeulatus, Malm, Fiirh. Kkand. Naturf. 1865, 412.
LipariH viontagui, with varieties principali$, maeulatus, annulatui, ttriatun, picfim.

obaeuridi, liparoidet and ekatromi, Malm, BoliuHliius Fauna, 103, 1877.
Prof. Uobert Coliett (Cbristiauia Yidenslc. Solsk. Fiirh., 1870, 38) has assifpied naiiuH
to the many color variations of Neolipans montagtd as shown in Norway, as follows:
Var. a. prineipalis, Coliett, uuiforiu colored; liglit red yellow with microscopic brownisli

dots. The ommon form from Christiania, Stavanger, Flor., tmear liergen, Konia^^.s-

lijord in Fiuuiarken. Liparis montagtii, Malm, Giitlieborg og Bobusliins Fauna, •151,

1877.
Var. b. mandatus, Malm, dark grayisli yellow, the wliolo body strewn with many rows

of small l)rown spots, smaller tlian the eye an<l sharply deHned. Bukn and Boiiuslau.

Liparis maeulatus, Malm, Fiirh. Skand. Naturf., 0, 1803, 41'J.
Var. c. anmdatus, Coliett, reddisli gray yellow, witli large, irregular red-brown rings of tliu

same length and breadth ; on sides of lioad the rings becoming stripes ; Cliristiansanil.
Var. d. striatns, Coliett, color of e, the rings drawn out into lines ; the rings only seen iu

front of first dorsal ; abcmt 6 longitudinal red-brown stripes from gill opening to caudal.

Bergen. Liparis liti'tatus, Malm, Fiirh. Sk. Forh., 9, 1863, 412.
Var. e. j)ictM», Coliett, as in striatus, but the lines very numerous, close set, irregularly

vermiculate, with much cross netting or partial rings. Bergen. Finmarken.
Var. f . obseurus, CoUett, gray brown with many dark brown spots and specks on body and

fins; irregular cross bands on caudal ; back almost uniform gray brown. Ilardangev

Fjord.
Var. g. liparoides, Nilason, uniform dark gray brown, the color given by innumerable dark

points ; trace Of baud at tip of caudal ; paler below. Hardanger, Oefjord in Fiumarkeu

Tromso. Oijclopterus liparoides, Nilsson, Prodr. Ichth. Scand., 62, 1832.
Var. h. ekstromi, Malm, dark brown, sides strewn with grayish yellow small spots which

extend on vertical tins. Bohusliin. Liparis ekstromi, MaLM, Fiirk. Sk., Naturf., 0.

1863, 412.
These are evidently mere color forms, expressing the range of variation. Similar color
forms may bo seen in most of the bright-colored species, j^'tJc/ieHi/ji, agassizii, aleuticut.
They sire not in any i>roper sense subspecies, having no geographical bases or separate
lines of descent.

2443. IVEOLIPABIS BDTTEBl, Gilbert & Snyder, new species.

Head 3f ; depth 4^. D. VI, 26; A. 23; P. 30; eye 5 iu head; snout 2jf;
vtuitral disk 1|. liody widest at gill opening, gradually tapering poste-
riorly, deepest below third dorsal spine; depth of caudal peduncle 4 in
head. Head broader than deep, its depth at occiput 6 iu body. Mouth
narrow, its cleft ulniost wholly transverse, extending to vertical from
anterior nostril; lower jaw included; teeth tricuspid, the middle cusp
highest, arranged in 10 oblique series on each half of the upper and the
lower jaws. Gill opening very narrow, restricted to the area above base
of pectoral. Anterior nostrils tubular; posterior uostrils with a low rim,
the anterior i)art of which is elevated into a triangular flap. Skin loose,
lying in folds and Avrinkles. Origin of dorsal at i the distance from tip
of snout to caudal ; rays of tirst dorsal (in the types which are apparently
all males) st-parate Jilmost to base, each ray bordered with a thick mem-

'i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2109

brano, tbe margin thas formed aoinetimea incisod, prodncing short, rounded
lobos; firHt spine highest, itn height contained \\ in body, the succeeding
spines gradually growing shorter, the sixth contained 11^ times in bG.ly.
Height of second dorsal near its middle, 3 in head; dorsal and nnal
joined by membranes to base of caudal, the anal more broadly Joined than
the dorHal, attached to basal fifth of lowest caudal ray; caudal rounded
posteriorly, its length 41 in body; origin of anal below first ray of sec-
ond dorsal; heiglit of anal a little less than that of dorsal; pectoral
(extending to a vertical crossing body halfway between anna and origin
of anal tin; length of pectoral 5j^ in body, its upper part rounded posteri-
orly ; the iifth, sixth, and seventh rays from below elongated, with exserted
tips, forming a short lobe. Long diameter of ventral disk 6 in body.
Vent slightly nearer to margin of disk than to origin of anal tin. Color
bluish slate, lighter along middle of sides; belly and gill membranes
whitish; pectorals, anal, and posterior half of dorsal very narrowly edged
with whit(*; rays of tirst dorsal indistinctly barred. In the following
tiible the measurements of 3 specimens are expressed in hundredths of the
length of the body :

Fiumarkeu

Length, in niillimoters, to l>aae of caudal fin.

Length of head in body

Depth of body

Distance from snout to dorsil

Distance from snout to anal

Depth of caudal peduncle

Length of snout

Diameter of eye

"Width of mouth

"Width of gill opening

Height of first dorsal ray

Height of dorsal tin near middle

Height of anal

Length of pectoral

Longitudinal diameter of disk

Length of caudal

Number of dorsal rays

Number of anal rays

Number of pectoral rays

Number of caudal rays

No. 1.

37
28
20
33
50

7
10

5
11

4i

18

8

0

18

15

18

A'1,26

24

No. 2.

44

20
20
31
47

7
11

5
12

5
23

74
7

20
16
10
VL20
24
30
12

No. 3.

r.o

27
23
34
48

8
11

5
12

5
22

8

7
21
10
20
VI, 26
23
30
13

Neolipari8 ruttet'i is closely related to the Atlantic species, Neoliparis
atlanticus. It differs from it in the longer head, and the comparatively
larger ventral disk. The 2 species differ from all other known specii^s of
the genus in having the dorsal spines in the male greatly elevated and not
connected by membrane exei'pt at extreme base. From A^. /oiyi; and ^'^
greeni, N. rutteri differs also ii having a much smaller gill opening and

i

w

BJRv."''

1

1

'f/. •

f

J

'- it"

»

2110 BiiUctin ^7, United States National Museum.

fewer dorsal rayn ; and from N. mucoaus in having the pectoral more deeply
nntt-lied and the anterior nostrils witli a tulte. Kadiak Island, Alaska.
Known from numerous sjiccimcns, the longest fil mm. in length. (Gilbert
& Snyder.) (Named for Cloudsley Kutter, nt»w of the U.S. Fish CommiM-
sion who colleeted in Kadiak in 1896.)

tieoUparis rutteri, (Jn.iiERT &. SwDKli, MS., FiHliuH of Kndlak, Ugah Bay, KadtDk Island.
((;oll. Cloiulsloy lintter. Typo, No. 6701, L. H. Jr. Univ. Muh.)

2444. NKOLIPAUIS CALLYOMON (rulliiH).

Head 3.1 ; depth 4*. D. VII, 33; A. 2(i; pectoral 31 ; eaudal 14 to 16; eye
6.1; Huout 2.J. ; pectoral IJ; ventral disk 2i ; caudal 2. Body modttrately
elongate, compressed posteriorly; depth of head 1} in its length, breadth
H; mouth ratlier large, the maxillary buri«!d under the skin, reaching
slightly past anterior edge of eye; teeth small, tricuspid, in ab<mt H
oblique rows; snout blunt and rounded; interorbital space wide and
slightly convex; posterior nostril ending in a short wide tube, the
anterior nuich smaller; behind the posterior n'stril, over anterior edge
of eye, is a mneous pore; length of gill opening twice the diameter of tln^
eye, its lower third in front of pectoral, extending down to the second or
third ray; vent Jibout midway between posterior edge of ventral disk
front of anal; pectorals short and broad, with the usual notch below,
reaching slightly past vent; ventral disk a little longer than broad, its
distance from tip of lower Jaw equaling its diameter; origin of dorsal
directly ov<'r vent, a shallow notch sejtarating its spines from its rays;
front of anal nnich nearer snout than base of caudal, directly under dorsal
notch ; dorsal and anal scarcely joined to caudal ; caudal long and slender,
rounded behind. Among our specimens are 2 types of coloration ; the lirst
is uniform light olive brown on back, wh'te below; fins all colorless; the
other is light brown on back and sides, everywhere spotted with blackish
spots irregular in size; lower parts light; pectoral with indistinct dark
cross markings; dorsal and anal mottled and spotted with blackish,
darker posteriorly; caudal very dark, black posteriorly; lips dusky.
Coasts of Alaska and Bering Sea, west to Kamchatka; generally common
on rocky shores; recorded from St. Paul, Kamchatka, Plover Bay, Siberia,
Unalaska, and Kadiak; our^pecimens from the 2 islands last named; the
description from Unalaska specimens collected by the Aliatroas, th(*
long(^st5 inches long. This species is «^vidently the original Ci/clopttrus
mUyodon of Pallas, as is shown by the coloration, the small mouth, and
the reduced size of the gill openings. It difters from Neoliparis muco8U8 in
the much smaller ventral disk, the presence of nasal pa^iillic, as well as
in proportions and coloration. (HitXAoi, beauty; odovi;, tooth, from the
tricuspid teeth which Pallas had never before seen in a fish.)

Cycloptcrus callyodon, Pallas,* Zoogr. Kcsso-ABiat., in, 75, ISU, Kamchatka and Aleutian
Islands.

*Tlie following i« the miltstnnre of the nreoiint given by I'nll.is: Dorsal 33: anal 24:
candal 15; branchiostejiiilM 6; <lor8al and anal iinw (•(»ntiniieil nearly to the base of the cau-
dal. Body oblong, conii)r(^s8ed : the head depre.ssed ; the snont much depressed, rounded;
lower Jaw incliidiMl. Teeth with [i distinct lobes ; a slender bone from tne eye to the pre-
operculum: gill openings reduced to luuato spiracles, on each side; ventral disk small

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2111

litfk Island.

I and Aleutian

Liparis ealliiodoii, GOntiirr, Cat., in, 162, 1861 ; Dean, Pruo. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1881, 247, 271 ;
JOKUAN & UlLliEUT,* Synopsis, 743, 1883.

2445. NEOIilPARIS MlJt'OSIIS (AyroH).

H«imI 4 in length; depth 4*. D. VI,2fi; A. 20; poctoral 29; caudal 12;
eyn 7 in head; »uout 3; ventral dink 1^; ]iect(>ral !;{; l(>U|reHt dorsal
ray 2; hi^lu^Ht anal ray 2; (-andal IJ. Body not fj;rt''itly donga t«", rather
robnst, conipresHed poateriorly, lioMing itu width well past middle of
body; head short and thick, broader than body, ^ longer than broad, its
length Ij^ times its de])th; nioutli small, truncate, its ch-ft almost entirely
anterior, scarcely extending laterally; end of maxillary buried under the
skin, bandy reacbin,'^ to eye; nostrils not ending in tubew; lower jaw
slightly the shorter; teeth sharp, tricuspid, the middle cusp mucli the
highest and longest, arranged in 9 obli((ue series in eiieh Jaw, bec(miing
more and more oblique toward tlie sides; interorbital space moderately
wide, about 3^ in head, a little c<mvex ; gill slit not extending below upper
edge (tf pectoral, its length about 1^ times eye and 3 in ventral disk. ^*ec-
toral broadly rounded when spread, its notch comparatively very shaliow,
its tip ranching past vent but not to notch in dorsal; ventral disk large,
slightly longer tlian broad, its posterior margin almost midway between
its .anterior and front of anal, its anterior margin \ its> length from
chin; dorsal with a shallow notch; origin of fiu over i)08terior nnirgin of
ventral disk, its longest rays in its post<'rior half; origin of anal a little
nearer snout than base of caudal, the last 4 or .5 rays rapidly shortened,
making the tin truncate behind ; dorsal and anal scarcely joined to caudal ;
caudal long and slender, rounded behind. Color olive brown, light below ;
indistinctly mottled ; dorsal and anal darker at their margins; pectorals
uniform dark brown; caudal light, with indistinct cross lines; lips dark.
Coast of California. Here described fr(»m the only specimen known to
us, 5 inches in length, from near San Francisco. It is now in the ccdlec-
tion of the California Academy of Sciences (No. 360). Collected by H. D.
Dunn, otf San Francisco, {mucoaiia, slimy.)

Liparis wutco*M«,t Ayres, Pfdc. Cal. Ac. Sci., i, 1855, 24, San Francisco (Coll. W. O. Ayres) ;
GUntheii, Cat., ui, 559, 1861 ; Steindachneu, Ichth. Hcitr., ni, 54, 1875; Jordan &. Gil-
bert, Synopsis, 744, 1883 j description copied from Steindachneb.

lAparit miico»us, Garman, Ui.scoboli, 52, 1892, with pl.ites, figures and description in part;
account of tlie gill openings apparently taken from LiparU fiorcn.

Xeoliparis mueosus, Jordan & St arks, ProcCal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 832, pi. xcv.

2446. NEOLIPARIS FLOR.G, Jordan & St.trks.

Head 3^ in length of body; depth at ventral disk 5i; depth under mid-
dle of soft dorsal 4^. D. VI, 27; A. 21 to 23; caudal 15; pectoral 30;

between the branchiostegals; dorsal commencing a little behind the gill opening. Yel-
lowish brown above; skin everywhere with brown dots; a silvery streak from the upper
jaw through the eye and o)iercle8. Kamchatka; common along the shores and about t^e
(Aleutian) Islands. (Pallas.)

* Described from a small specimen with Injured fins lately reexamined by us, in the
collection of the Alaska Commercial Company, Unalaska. (Coll. A. Greenebaum.)

tThe description of Ayres is not very full and miuiht apply almost e(|ually well to
Liparis florce. The account of the head (4 in length) aiid the eye (nearly C in head) point
rather to the present species as dues also the description of the lax skin. Steindachner's
account seems also to refer to the present s])ocie8, although few of the really distiuctivo
characters are lueutioucd by him.

r.i \

2112 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

oyo 7 in head; iutororMtal space 2J; maxillary 2A; pectoral l'; ventral
disk 1\. l{()dy moderately eloujjat*', much compressed posteriorly, altout
as wide as deep anteriorly, its greatest depth under middle of soft dorsal
where th(! back is elevated. Flesh very Hrm, the hody retaining its form,
the skin loose but not ilaccid. Mead small, the nape not produced ; mouth
moderate, the maxillary extending to beh)w the anterior margin of orbit;
jaws subequal; teeth tricuspid, arranged in series which are nearly trans-
verso on middle of Jaws, becoming more and more oblique toAvard the
sides, the outermost series nearly i)arallel with the sides of jaws; nostrils
ending in a short, wide tube; gill opening short, extending downward to
about the fifth pectoral ray, its length about \ interorbital space; oper-
cle ending in a llap, which extends over middle of gill opening; ventral
disk slightly longer than Avide, its distance from tip of lower jaw li
times its length; vent etiuidistant from posterior edge of ventral disk
and front of anal ; skin thick and not very loose. Origin of spinous dorsal
a little in front of the vertical from vent, its distance from snout 3 in
length of body; anterior part of dorsal separated l)y a notch; origin of
anal about equidistant from snout and base of caudal fin ; some of X\w
lower rays of pectoral produced forming a notch in the lower posterior
margin of fin, the fourth to the tenth of the upper rays the longest, form-
ing a roundeth5)oint behind, extending slightly past the vertical from snout ;
dorsal and anal scarcely connected with the caudal; caudal long and
slender, rounded behind. Color, a uniform dark olive green, under parts
white, a light streak medially along back from dorsal to occiput, a light
spot over opercle ; pectoral light at base, dusky behind ; other fins colored
like the body; lips white. The specimen described above, 4 inches long,
taken in rock pool on Waadda Island, Neah IJay. A second specimen,
about 5 inches long, is in the museum of the California Academy of Sci-
ences. It was collected off San Francisco by Mr. H. D. Dunn. In this
specimen, the dorsal rays are VI, 27; anal 2.5; pectoral 30; caudal 15;
teeth blunt. Flesh firm; form and color of the young example above
desci'ibed. San Francisco to Pugct Sound. (Named for Mrs. Flora Hartley
Greene, then assistant curator of the museum of Lelaud Stanford Jr. Uni-
versity.)

lAparis cyelopue, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 743, 1883 ; not GCnther.
Neoliparis florae, Jordan &. Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 830, pi. 96, Waadda Island,
Neal. Bay. (Type, No. 3133, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. E. C. Starks.)

2447. XE0LIPARI8 OREEM, Jordan & Starks.

Head 3|; depth 4; depth at disk 5. D. V^ 34; A. 30; pectoral 35;
caudal 15; eye small, about 10 in head; snout 2f ; longest pectoral ray IJ;
disk 2^] longest dorsal ray 2^; longest anal ray 2^; caudal If. Body
elongate, posteriorly compressed ; profile undulate, over snout blunt and
roynded, depressed over eyes, well rounded from eyes over occipital region.
Skin thin and exceedingly loose nearly to the end of the dorsal and anal
rays. Jaw8e(jual; maxillary extending to posterior margin of eye; teeth
small, nearly simple, depressible and blunt, slightly hooked hack, arranged
in oblique series, those in the front running nearly straight in, but toward

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of -7orth America, 2113

the BidoB of the jaw they grow more and rnore ohiiqne till they are nearly
parallel with the Jaw at the Bides; Hupurior pharyngeal teeth conical and
sharp, slightly longer than the ti-eth in the jaws, arranged in a single
round patch on each side; inferior pharyngeals separate, with Buiall teeth.
(Teeth probably tricu8i)id in the young.) Posterior nostrils in a short,
widetulto; clioeks well rounded; gill rakers short and thick, no longer
on the outer side of tho first arch than on the «)ther arches, fourth
arch not free; gill slit short, its l(;ngth contained about '^ times in head,
its lower cdgo extending in front of pectoral to about the third ray;
oporcles with a blunt spine which is covered by the skin. Dorsals 2, con-
nected by a low membrane; first dorsal about twice as high as anterior
part of second dorsal ; the first rays of pectorals inserted under eye and
in front of disk; the anterior rays short, graduated to the sixth ray,
which is about 4 times longer than the first, the next few rays again short
and gradually lengthening posteriorly; posterior rays ^ longer fhan ante-
rior, fin broadly rounded behind; ventral disk nearly round, ita posterior
edge reaching the vertical from gill slit, its distance from tip of lower Jaw
1^ times its length; caudal truncate or slightly rounded; vent under ends
of pectorals. Color, in alcohol, uniform brown, breast arl lower parts of
head creamy, fins slightly darker. When fresh the sides were blotched
with pinkish. Esquimanlt Harbor, near Victoria, Vancouver Ishind;
known only from the type, 10 inches long. (Named for Mr. Ashdown H.
Green, of Victoria, president of the Natural History Society of that town.)

Xeoliparis greeni, Jokdan cfe Starks, Proc. Gal. Ac. Sci.. 189!), 829, pi. 90, Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Typ6, No. 3010, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Aslulown H. Green.)

2448. NEOLIPABIS FISSURATl'S, Starks.

Head 3i in body ; depth 4^. D. VI, 28 ; A. 26 ; P. .36 ; C. 14 ; eye 7 in head ;
maxillary 2^; ventral disk 2^. Body moderately elongate, not produced
at nape; mouth rather large, the maxillary extending to below middle of
eye; JaAVS subeciual; te(*th tricuspid, arranged in about 10 oblique series
in each Jaw; nostrils ending in short, wide tubes; gill openings wider than
in any other known Xvollparis, commencing a distance above pectoral about
equal to the diameter of eye, ending about opposite the fourteenth ray ; ven-
tral disk a little longer than wide, its distance from chin equal to 1| its long-
est diameter, its posterior edge about the same distance from front of anal;
vent nearer anal than ventral disk, its distance from anal equal to i ven-
tral disk. Origin of spinous dorsal at the vertical from midway betwei^n
vent and ventral disk ; dorsal scarcely Joined to caudal, anal very slightly ;
front of anal nearer chin than base of caudal by a distance equal to ven-
tral disk ; pectoral rather short and wide, reaching to opposite front of
anal, the lower lobe very narrow and long, much longer than npper lobe,
but not reaching so far i)ostt^riorly on account of the obli«iue position of
the fin; tip of lower lobe reaching to vent; length of caudal If in head.
Color dusky, darker above, sides with fine punctulations ; belly and under
parts of head, except chin, white; lips dusky; dorsals and anal darker
than body ; pectoral dusky at base, the lower lobe dark ; caudal crossed
with wavy dark lines. This species ditlers from the other species in this

■'a

I,

,»

2114 IJulUiin ^Yy Unikd Stales National Museum.

RcniiH in haviiifr ft wider gill opoiiinj;, ^nA in varioiiB minor cliaracters.
Lun^th 2^ incli*'8. i'ugot HOund; only the type known. (Starks. ) {jtg.
suratiin, Hplit. )

Neoliparii flKMUiahii, Starks, Pron. ("al. Ac. .Soi. 1890, ."iBO. (Typo, No. iJ044, L. S. Jr. Cniv
:^iiH. Coll. K.C.SturkH.)

II

785. LIPARIS" (.Vrtrdi) Soopoli.
(Ska Snailh.)

TApari$, Artbdi, Gttnora, 117, 173R (iionliinoniial).

('l/elogagter, Ghonow, Mus«nni, 170.1, 157 (noiiliiiioniliil).

Liparit, ScopoM, Intrutl. ]Il«t. Nnt., 45U, 1777 ('iiiarU).

LiparU, Cuviek, U<^;;lle Aniiu. Ed. 1, 1S17 {liparin; not Liparis, Oc)ifi«nhoiiiior, 1810. a

goiniH of Lepidoptern).
Cyelixjaster, (litoNow, Cat. Fishes, Ed. Gray, 40, 1854 (Hpam; not of Macquart, 1854, ii

gonus of Hies).
Aetinochir, (tii.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sol.'Pliila. 1804, 193 {major).
(Jareliparii, G ARM an, UUcoboli, .50, 1802 (aooMtizii) .
Ltjrbjurn, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Chock- List FishoM, 451, 1896 {pulchellu»).

Body rather elongato, covered with smooth skin, which is usually freely
movable; he.->!i sliort; flattened aI>ov(^; nioutb horizontal, the jaws e(|iiiil
or the lower Jaw included; teeth in several sorics, close set, always moic
or less tricusjjid, the adult with tlie outer cusps often worn or oliliterutod;
maxillary covered by skin of preorbital region; anterior nostrils tubiilur
or not ; ventral «li8k well developed on the breast, its front below or behim!
the middle of the head, its surface with 13 lobes; an anterior median lohu.
and 1 corresp(mding to each of the (I rays in each fin; each lobe with a
horny papilla covering, which is sometimes lost; vent well behind tlio
head, about midway between the sucking disk and anal liu; dorsal lin
continuous, undivided, its spines not ditferentiated; caudal well de
velopt^d; dorsal fin free from caudal or Joined; pectoral broad, procurrcnt
at ba.se, emarginate and free at tips, some of the lower rays produced;
vertical fins envelojjed in the lax skin; vertebra* 35 to 55. Northern sea.s
near the shores; the species less arctic in distribution and in general
inhabiting shallower water than is the case with CareproetuH and Parn-
liparia, a fact associated with the reduced number of vertebra* in Liparis.
The species are num«>rous, but in general well defined, their characters
varying with age. In most of the species color varieties occur, several
{pulchtlliia, Hparis, aUuHcua, agmxizii) having the body often marked
everywhere with concentric curved stripes or rings. (Xinafjoi;, sleek-
skinned.)

Con<'erning the species of Liparis (including NcoUparis), Mr, Garman
observes :

The fishes placed in this genns are mostly small ; in genor.al their outlines resemble
th<).'*e of larval anurous batrachians. The anterior portion of the body, containing the
abdominal chamber, is usually short, broad, flattened beneath, and somewhat angular

* Enantiolipans, Vaillant, is ba.sed on palUdiii, an Antarctic species with the pectoral
very iiarruw and not emarginate ; would aeem t<> be distinct from Liparis.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America, 2115

1.8. Jr. I'liiv

toward tlio ilorHat tin, wliilii tlio liiii<U<r part Ih cilonuati^, mix-li rniii)>roHHt<(t, nni) tnp)>rlnK.
Thn more iiiiportniit of tliu iliHiinttuiHiiinK tenliintH inay bit Hiiiiiiiiiiri/i>il uh I'oIIowh: lloitil
Hliort, broad, roiindud; Biioiit abort, blunt; moiitb antttrior; lipH diHtinrt; tontli Htimll,
niinieroiifl, in it cardirorni band, tricimpbl on iiititniiuxilbiriitM and dcntary, Hinipliv on
plmrynKealH; eyes bitoral, Hniall to nit<dliiiii; noHtrilH, 2 on iMich hIiIo, witb Hliort, project-
ing liibtm; olt'ac.tory iicrvn Hhort; brain rlongato; gbiHHohyid riidiiiicntary or abHt-nt : \/,W*
:i doiibbt and I Hin(;b<; Kill rakorn witb di'ntirlcH; pMoiidobranclila- prcHcnt; gill opt'iiniK
Hinall, abovo tlii> iicctornl; brancliioHlcKal ra.vH 0; liraiicliial niciiibrani'H not t'rcin; tnbtm
and pori'Hot'tbo lateral HyHtoni forward of tbn ^ill ap(>rtiiro; dorsal and anal <'lon;;ati',
more or Iohh cloHidy united witb tlio caudal, wilb Honio antitrior nvyn iiiiHiiKincntpd ; pcc-
toralH broad, jiroviirrent under tlio tbroat; ventraln traimfornied into an udlieslve dJHk,
Hitiiiited below tbe ^ills between tlie jmetoralH; Hkin tbin, loOHely attacbod, Hiiiootb.exeept-
ing a Hexual ontgrinvtli on nialeH in breeding neaHon ; HtonuK'li Hi]ibonal; pyloric eiecn
iiiiinerouH; iiititHtine elongate; urinary bladder large, Hiniple; kidneyH long, fimed a ]tor-
tion of tbeir length; livi-r largo, witli partial dlvlHlonR into IoIich; gall bladder Niiiall,
rounded; skeleton not beavily oHHllied, Ichh in deo]i-8ea fornut; upper limb of (U'eoperi'ii-
liiin expanded bnekward; 0])uri:uliini Hinall; Hiibopcrciiluni narrow; iiiteroiierciiluiii elon-
gate, Htyliforni; tliird Hiihorldtal produced backward, in a long, slender procenH, to the
liinder edge of tlie preoperculiiin.

Tbe speoieH of hi\>afiii inliabit tbe colder waters of tlie norlli and of tbe Hoiitliof botb
Atlantic and Pacific, ranging to great deptlin. Among tliose frequenting tbe Hbores, if
not also tbe otlici'H, vegetation Heenia to form a portion of tlie food. Tbe coiitentH o; tbe
HtoniacliH are miitcellaneoiiH bits of small marine aninialH (crimtacen, worms, inolluHkH,
small tlslies, etc.), mixed with wbicli are <|uantitieH of seaweedn. Some variation exlHtn
in regard to feeding liabitH among the dill'erent species. The teeth of some hIiow no
HigDH of wear from hard food,liutin L. f/n/(!i>«M.< they are ground olf and blunted, no doubt
by contact with the hard-Hhellod cruHtacea and haid-scaled agonoid lisbes, reiiiains of
which are found in the Htoniacbs. Very likely Tj. 2iulcheUvii tiirns bin peculiar snout to
accoant by rooting in the nuid or sand among tbe iilants, or in turning over tbe pebbles.
Certain specioH are fitted for a life in beils of seaweed, othorH are probably more abundant
iu rocky places.

LiPARls :
a. VertebriB in moderate number, about 39; dorsal rays about 35; anal rays 27 to 30.
b. Gill openings very narrow, entirely above baHO of pectoral; pectoral rays from 34
to 37; head a little sbortc^r than broad, and a little longer tliandee]); dorsal
and anal sliglitly Joined tocaiulnl; caudal narrow, its rays 12. lipahis, 2449.
bb. Gill openings broad, the lower part considerably below bane of upper ray of
pectoral,
c. Pectoral rays 30; head low, tiattish, J longer than broad, J broader than
deep; jaws suboqiial; dorsal free from caudal, which is slightly joined
to anal; caudal narrow, of 12 rays. cyclopus, 2450.

ee. Pectoral r.ays 41 to 43; head short, not quite as wide as long; caudal 15 to
2U; the uorsnl and anal slightly joined to its base. fucensis, 2451.

Carki.iparis (Kapa, head; LiparLs):
aa. Vertcbrtc about 46; dorsal rays 39 to 44; anal rays 33 to 3C; dorsal and anal largely
joined to caudal.
d. Pectoral rays 30 to 36.

e. Gill op(^ning small, its lower edge not below first ray of pectoral; nostrils
small, the tubes short or alisoiit.
/. Posterior nostril scarcely tubular; fins plain, no' distinctly mottled or
barred ; body robust ; its color plain brownis. with dark spots.
g. Dorsal rays 39 or 40; anal 33; pectoral 30 to 3«. TUXiCATfS, 2452.
gij. I)or,sal rays44; anal 35; pectoral 37. heiischelinus, 2453.

ff. Posterior nostril tubular, fins more or less mottled or barred, body
mwlerately elongate; lower rays of pectoral rather short, not J bead,
not reaching beyond ventral disk : body mottled usually with con-
centric rings. AGASSiKii, 2454.

■ ''k

JllO Bulletin ^7, United States National Afuseum,

Hi

ill

(K. (Mil oimnliit; r>tli<<r UrgA, oxtraillttK ilownwaril to nboiit fourth my of
pactorni ; noNtrlU with Mhort tiihca; lowrr lobe of iiexitonil lontc, rejii li
iiiK much li<<yonil illiik, nearly to vmit; color brown, the b<iily itnil Huh
inottliMl iinti <'louilm1. dknnyi, 'iv>!>.

dd. !>tM-tornl rityH 42; kHI o|h>i>1uk liir|{n, ItH lower itil^tn below n))|mr piirt of |m-(
(oral; liody roliiiHt, triiuMliio'nt, covuri'tl with roiin«l vrinmon N|)otH.

fVCLOMTUlMA, •J4.Vi.

rtrtrt, X'eriobrip u'tont Vi; ilomnl ray* 43 to 48; nnnl rnyii 38 to 40; pectoral rityn 34 (o .i; ;
tlorMiil inul nnnl litruely Joined to ciuiilal ; g'H opunintt liirKe, about l[ ttn leiiKlli
beforo|Kic'oral; anterior noittril tubular.
Lvot.ii'AiilH (Aviu, toKoHen; lAparit):

h. HimmI bnmi. Ilntteneil above; body rn(hor olonKnto; akin UHiially with wavy
coiiO(>ntrlv< lonKididlnal atreakH, Honiethnea apottod. i'UM'iiiu.i.UH, 2467.
^RTiNociiiR (oKTi>, ray; x«<P. hand; from the broad iMHstoral):

hh, UeiMl hi|{h, boldly rounded, with proniiuont nape; <^olur olivacooua, olonded
And dotted, but without wnvy H(roaka. MAJOh, 24.'m.

Subgenua LIPARIS (Artedi) Scopoll.

844l>. LIPAItlS MPAItIM* (Liunaua).

. (Ska Snaii-.)

Head 3i; depth 3A; D. 33 to 35; A. 27 to 20; noctornl 34 to 37;
oaddal 12 to 14; vort. 38 or 39; ca'ca 10 to 13; brauc.iioHtegals G. Hody
moderately stoat, Honiewliat high on the Hhonhh^rs, romprcsHed behind tho
body cavity in tho caudal portion, which is dottp and rather thick ante-
riorly, tapering rapidly. Hody proper about A of the entire length to t\w
base of the tail. Length of the head little less than its width, a little
more than itsdepth. 8nontHhort, broad, blunt, nearly 3^ times in the head,
very convex in the intornasal region. Mouth moderate, maxillary reach-
ing a vertical from the eye, lower jaw shorter. Teeth small, paved,
alternating in the different rows, tricnspid. Lower lip interru])ted in the
middle, i >t more oi its length. The fold above the upper lip with 6 to X
notches below the opening of the pores. A series of 6 pores on each side,
from the mithlle of the fold above the npper lip passes backward and

* Prof. Robert (Joliett (Chriatinnia Videnak. Selsk. Forh., 1879, No. 1, 42), deflnea the chief
color varieties of thia apecies na aeen in Norway, aa followa :
Var. a. antimilit, ('ollett: uniform light reddiafi gray, the dota microacopic. Chriatiania.

JJukn, Stavanser, Lofoten; wcarce.
Var. b. stdlatus, Malm: uniform light gray brown, the flna with vertical dark cross

Imud.s; dota larger. Christiauia, VaUao, etc. Lii)arix atellatua, '^la.hu, l<'urh. Skand.

Nat.,9, 1863, 412.
Var. 0. »uh/u»cu.i, Collett: almoat uniform ground color, with dark pointa; light red cron.-*

banda on tina; body faintly marbled. Christiauia, Faraund, Varanger.
Var. d. tcorpioiden, Collett : color pale, with lar;;o. irregular, dark apota. Varnnger.
Var. e. ititxtut, Collett: apottod andatriiwd; dark apota on tina; along aidea and on Aiih

interrupted dark atripea: ring-like linea on head. Lofotou.
Var. f. decorus, Collett: atripcd and spotted; tina spotted; notable atripea on aidea.

Gliristianaund and Lofoten.
Var. g. Bcriptut, Collett: atripcd, the dark stripes larger and more conspicuous, the

atreaka of ground color fainter. Bnkn, (JhrLstiania.
Var. h. linealun, Kriiyer: strijied with 8 to 10 violet longitudinal atripea, alternating with

pale atreaka ot tlie ground color. Liparu Unfatut, Kriiyer, Nat. Tidskr. 1847, 284.
Var. i. arcticui, ('(dlett: uniform brown; grayish golden brown with many dark points,

whicli make the surtiu^e dark. Tromao, Spitzbergen, Magdalene Bay, lu Greenland.
Var. k. fu.iouit, Collett; uniform blackiah brown, very dark. North Cape, Spitzbergen,

Greenland,
Aa notice<1 under Npoliitarit montar/Kt, thcao variationa seem to have no taxonomic
value, being prodncta of the immediate surroundings.

w- i '

Jordan and Enrniann. — Fisfti's of North Anwriai. -117

D taxonomic

nirvflH lip liuliiiiil tlio oyu; another mTics of 7 on uiicli Hiilo ])iihhcs from tlin
iiihIiIIo of tbu ('hill Imtk iintl iipwiiitl lowaril tlio iippui- uil^'u of tliu gill
opening. Kyo Hiiiall, nearly aH Ioiik aM tlir Hnont, containud I ^ tiiut^N in
tiie length of tin* head, or irNH tliuii twii'*> in tiiu convex interorbltal
Hpar«>. N'aHal tiihiileH Hliort; jioHterior Miiialler lietweeii the eyen; anterior
fai'tlier forward, larger. A large pore iH Hilnuted a Hhurt dlHtant-e in front
of the iioHtril toward tiie ti)> of the Hiioiit. Oill openingH narrow, not an
wide nH the eyi-, al>ove tlio bane of the poctorul. Nape and HhoiildfiH
high. ClieeliH HWidlen. Sliin Hniootli, tliin, eanily deta«-hi'd. DorHaland
anal tiiiH rlHiiig gradually, the rayH attaining their grfat<<8t lieight in the
iiinder tlilrd of tlif length, united witii the raiidal by nienilirtine. The
Hcparation of tiie li liiiH is leNH niariird tlian in .V. nuntttigui, ho nitich ho
liiat it Ih dilllciilt ill Home ttineH to determine wliether lertiiin rtivs itelong
to the candal. PoiHal noteli Hhallow or aiment, numt noticeable in tlie
lirceding HeaHOU. TirHt lay little farther liack than the opercular angle,
or the Iiinder edge of the (IIhU ; ."> or <i of the anterior rayH crooked and
twiHted, and without apparent Hegmentation. Evidently thoHO rayH are
atl'ected by a niii>tial growth, which in not ho patent above the skin, on
the endH of rayH, an in other HpccieH. In the anal the lirnt ray in about
oppoHite tho Heveiith or eighth ray of the doiHal ; the tin extends farther
baek than the latter, reaching under noaily ^ of tho caudal. Caudal
Hlightly rounded posteriorly, tho longcHt rayH lidng ^ to jj of length of
the head. Disk Hiibcirciilar, i aH hmg as the head, eipial tho ilintance
from tho chin, Ichh than the dintance to the anal. Vent nearly halfway
from <liBk to first anal ray, which latter is halfway between the snout and
the base of the oaiidal. The position varies in the sexcH. The bo«ly cav-
ity is longer in the females, and the vent is farther back; this applies to
all the species, rectorals broatl, deeply notched below the middle of the
hind border; rays of the lower ])ortion extending beyond the membrane,
a couple of the longer Hometimes reaching almost as far back as the vent.
A slight fold of the skin unites the fins in front of the <lisk. Olive to
brown, light to dark, puncticulate and clouded, bl)itoh«>d, banded, vor-
miciilate, or longitudinally striped with darker and with lighter. In life
the tints vary from lilac to reddish or yellowish, with spaces on (certain
individuals often nearly wliito, and every variety of coloration may be
taken in a single locality. This being the <-asc, it is thought b(>st to treat
the striping, freckling, banding, etc., merely as marks of individual vari-
ation, and not as characters indicating established varieties. On the
striped specimens the number of lines vary gn-atly, of the spotted ones
no two are alike, and the same is true of every other pattern. Most often
there are blotches on the posterior portions of tho anal and the dorsal ;
freciuently they take on the appearance of transvcise bands, as is still
.more often tiie <'aso on the caudal. (Garman.) North Atlantic, on lioth
shores; north to Sjiitzbergen, south to Connecticut and France; most
aluindant in Northern Europe. Variable. ** The specimens in the museum
at Cambridge were secured from the Cheshire coast and other points in
Great Britain, from Ostend, and from various localities off tho coast of
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Maine. A small specimen, with tho

Ul IS Diilli'lin /7, (/nitt'd S/a/rs National Afiixntm.

u>

'•I
'I

•I

luialil.v 'Oil' Hlork IhIuiiiI, from a |M<i't<>ii,' tliiit iimy Im> pimitivoly idiuiii
lltul, liuai'H pt'Oiiliar iiinrkiii^H: rruiii Miu tip ui thu hiumiI u wliito linr
paHHt'H altovt) llio !<><) to iiioet itM I'ttlluw ol' tilt' upponite Hide at the hnniu
iiiii^ of tlii> iloi'Hal, wliit'li \h wlilt<«; and a wliiti* Bjiot aH lar^;« an tli» oi liii
uxtundH downward and nliglitly backwtiid from th<« 4\vr^. 'rii<'H« marks
are very diMtim-l, and tli«,v jj;ivo tli« Hpi'cinicii <|nito a didVmnt appear
ani'f tVoni that of anotlittr of thu Haino Hi/,i> and origin, nuifurm in coiurii-
tioii." ((iarnuin.) (Kn.)

lAjiiirin niiHra*, U'M.t.rnniiv, lllHt. I'Ihc, A|i|i., 17, KIHO, Ii»h(mI on u •imh^Iiuou t»kuu Beii-

ti iiiIm'I- is, lOHS, li.v l>r. >roliiiai)ii.
Li/iarit," Abtkih, Dcm r. H|i<'4\ PIm*-., 117, 17:tH, afh^r \Vii.i,imiiiiv,
lApaiiH i-,iettiya»ter, iinonow, Miih., 157, 170H.
Viieli>iileni» liimriM, Linn.kum, 8vBt. Nut., Eil. xn, i, 414, 1780, Northern Ocean ; nftor A ii ri:i .i

mill (iiio.M)W.
fV'"/''*'"" liiieatvn, LEi'KriiiN, Nov. Comm. rolropol., xvill, 1774, 6'J2, White Sea.
I.iiniiit U/iarit, CrviKii, ]{^'»^tll•' Aiilni., Kd. i, vol. 2, ^27. IH17; ( Jahman, DUcidioll, 57, igU'j
(luhiiiH mtiiirnciiiilii, nuNN.VTKiiiiK, Kiic.vcl., l('lit..(UI, 17.'t8; ul'tcr Lki'K.cimn.
Vijeliiltti-nis iiiiiMciihis, LACKPf'.in:, IIIhI. Nut. I'olnn., iv, (WII, IH()2, near Havre.
Lijiiirit vulijiiriH, Ki.KMiNd, IJrit. Aiilin., UK), IH'2X; (ilNiiiKit, Cat., in. l.'Ml; LIItkk.n,

Naliirli. Koioii. Niili'iiHk. Mo<I(1(0m, IHOo aiiU 1801, 24;i| (Joixicrr, Nornoi* Fl»ki', 187,'i, (;.■,

•lOHDAN A: (lil.llKKT, 8,VII0|)Hix, 74?, IHHII.

lAparis roiniiiiiiiin, Sahink, .\|>i>. 1'iiit\'m Voy., 1824.

I.ipaihhitrhaluii, I'.K.sTUiiM, Vet. Ak. Handl., 188, pl. 6, lrt:i2 (D. .12, A. 32, (Ml, pprliaim ;.

iliH'ei'i'iil H]KM'I<>B).
lApaiit ophidoideu, NwainhoN, "Unt. IIImI. KIhIioh, ii, ;I3!), 1830.

LijiarU lineatii$ miUtiMtriutim, 1,1'tken, Naliirh. Koreii. VIcIh., 1881, pl, 7 (striped Pxainplo
Liimrin stellalus, Mai.M., Forli, Skaiid., Natiirli., 1805.
7,iyi(u I* ?i (i('a/i/.v witli variation.^, aauimiliK, Ktellafim, .•dih/iisviin. neorpioiilfii inixtut, ili'ci-

nis, Honptuii, Uncatvs, arcticnx, niid/««oi/«(;()LLETi ; \id.Helsk., Fiiili., Christ, 1, 41.

i

'I

< J

ii

I'.'!

.;[

;f

2450. LlP.iUIS CYCIiOPrH, (iiiiither.

Head \\-; depth 1.^1. D. HI; A. 2!t; pectoral HO; caudal 12. Hoti.v
nuu'h doprcHHcd aud rather broad anterioil.v. dtiop and much coniproascd
poBteriorly ; head ^ lon<rer tlian broad and h, broader than deep. i-'loHh
much more firm aii<l the Hkin less lax than in must species of lAimrh.
Operdea witli a rather strong 8])ine concealed by tiieskin; month rather
largo, terminal; Jaws Hiibequal; teeth small, tricnH]iid, in broad bandH;
eye small, 1) in Iiea«l; snout 3, tiattisli and broad above; intcrorbital s])ac(«
4ii in head; ventral disk oval, 2^ in head. Its anterior edge h tiie length oC
the eye behind postorbital margin; gill o]iening moderate, 3^ in head,
extending downward to the third or fourth ray of pectoral. Dorsal tin
low, continuous, not Joinetl to caudal, beginning sliirhtly before anal, on
a vertical with vent; vent midway between edge of ventral disk and front
of anal. Pectoral (in emarginate, the upper lobe Ijf in bead, the lower L',
the shortest intervening rays 3. Anal long and low, barely Joined to can
dal. Caudal 1^ in bead. Color olivaceous, darker above; body an<l pec
toral fin finely speckled with olive brown; lins dotted; bases of the hn.s
paler than their tips; belly white. Bering sea to Pnget Sound, not com-
mon; our description from two spi^cimens 4^ iuchea long, in excellent

* Uarman ghea detailed synonymy of this species in Discoboli, 67, 1802.

Jordan ami livirmanu. — /'is/us of North Amviica. LM V^

rt'l.v idmiti
wlliro liiir
tll« ll«t^ill
tH tlio urhiti
u'N« murks
flit uiiptttir
1 iu culura

lou tkkuu Soil-

; nt'tor AiiTKi'i

te Sea.

'olioll, R7, 181IJ.

IMI; LCIKKV,

('. U, |>(<rlia|iH .1

i|l(i(l CXttlllllll'i

f iiiixtut, (/ic.
(Christ. 1,41.

[ 12. Ho«l.\
;oiii|)r«HS(il

eop. I'lesli
of lApaiis.

oiith latlii r
>!ul bunds;
bital 8i)ii('i'
e loiigth ol

'Ak ill head.
Dorual lin

)ro aunl, on
k and front
ho lower L',
nod to can

dy and pec
of the hnn
d, not coni-

n oxoollent

condition, tnkt'n in Klliot Hay, nt>ur >Soatth<, rncrlvod from tli<« YoiinK
NaturaliHtN' Soriot.v. They ar«) uiiinlionHl ItlL'fi in tint r««K>'*t*^t' of tho
litdand Htanfttrd Jr. I'liivorHity MnHcnni. 'I'IiIh hihtIch, not liavin^ Ihmmi
provionHly r««-o){ni/,»il Hint!*' ItH oriKimil <li*Hcri|ition, in rotuirdiMl iiy |)r.
(lillutrt from UnalnHkn, iiiid 2 Hpi-rinKiiH from HriNto] May, AiaHka ( .(//><(-
IroMM Mtatiun '.i'J'AO, drptli lij fiiMionis). (iarman pla<;i<H /.. iifvlofiiiM in tlio
Hynonymy of /.. lalljiodon, hnt onr Hpi't-inirnH artt nndonltt«ully dlHtinrt
from till) HptM'ioH dimrriluMl )»y (iarman under thiH name (DiHcoboli, ]>. Ttl,
pi. (I, li^H. I-;')), from a Hp«uini«tn Hai«l to orij^inato frcnn Sun I'raiM-iHCo.
Our AlaHka HpcciniunH aro nnirh inort> HJi-ndcr, with wi<l<' «lt>pr<-NHtMl ht^ad,
withont niiohal tduvation, with tlio dornul tin br^inninu ptrnterioriy
nli^litly in front of tiio vertical from tlievtint, and tht^ <liHk Hoparated fr<nn
the v«>nt by a distance Ichh than itn own diameter. Tho nioutli is uIno
mindi Knnilier, not at all oiditpie, itH an^lc in atlvance of verticiil from front
t)feye. Not yet recorded from California. (^rii'^Aof, roundc«l; ttoi'?, foot.)

lAparis cficUiiiiiK.' (i('NTiiKit, (.'ill.. III. lit'J, IHtll, Esquimault Harbor, Vancouver Island;

JOKKAN & .StAKKH, I'liir. < 'ill. .\i'. Sci. 1H(».", 8114, J)!. 117.

1VA, MI'AUIS Kl't'OSIS, liiUMTt.

Head I^ to 3^; depth 4 to \i. 1). V, 30; A. 2H «ir 21); V. 18 or 20; I'. .SV to
39. liody moderately elongate, coni|)rcHHed ; head dt^treHHcd, with gibboiiH
Knout and oecipnt, Hcparated by the depresned iiiteroiidtal area, which
fornirt a Hhallow trauHverHe groove. Snout not blunt, tlic month terminal,
nearly hori/ontal, with iuclmh-d mandible, the maxillary reaching to <n-
nearly to the vertieal from front of pupil, 3 in head. Teeth all tricu8)iid.
Kyo of moderate si/.e, contained T)-^ in length of head, 1 to \\ timoK in bony
interorbital width, Ig timeH in anoiit. PoHtcrior nostril withont tube, the
anterior with a Hhort tube, Iohh than diameter of pu])il. (iillHlit com-
paratively wide, its width equaling length of snout and .1 eye, over-
lapped by a conHpi<-nou8 triangular prolongation of the opercle. The Hlit
extends down to opposite the npper third of the pectoral tin. Dink eir .i-
lar, of rather small size, distant from tip of snout 1.V times its own diame-
ter, from vent \\ times. Diameter of disk 2!j times in head. Distance
from tip of snout to vent VI to Ijf in distance from tail. I'ectorals extend-
ing to a vertical midway between vent and front of anal. Lower rays
produced, forming a narrow distinct lobe. First 5 dorsal rays spinous,
unsegmeuted, shorter than the succeeding segmented rays, from which

1892.

* The following Is tlio originiil (los<Tii)tion of TAjiariK ciielopug: Dorsal 32; iiiiiil HO-,
caudal 12. Ciimltil tin t-nlirtilv t'reo .t'ruiii dorxal and anal; tlio lattor cuiiiniuiicoH in the
vertical fnmi tli« Hsvonth dorHiil ray; pectoral iniirjjin with a notch, bouio of the lowt^r
rays hehif; produced; ventral disk ovate, its lunuth lieing Ichh than ^ of that of the
head. A tine spt'ciiiien. EHi|iiiinault Harbor. l're.>*ente'l by Lord John KusHell. Tiiis
species aj^rceM in nearly every reHjx'ct with Liparii vulyarig, from whic)) it ditl'ers in the
following pointH bcsiilcs those mentioned: The greatest denth of the body is nearly J of
the total, the length of tlie head nearly J. The sKin is toucher and more flriuly adherent
to the body. The head in Hat above, the na])eof the neck being scared v prominent. The
nostril is a hhort tube, situiited nearly raidwiiy between the eye and the upper lip. The
pectoral ext^'nds only to the vertical from the anal papilla, and the dorsal (anal) lin com-
mences yet more backwiird. The teeth iire himiiU, with ;i lobes, lufraorbital extending to
the prooper<;uliiiii. The color is browni.sh olive, with darker spots, more conspicuous on

tint tins than on the budy; bolly I'uddlaL. The luugtli of the spuciuiea deauribcd is 45
lines. (Giiuther.)

2120

Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

M

they ii''« not separnted by notoh. Dorsal and aiinl irec from tho caiKliil
tbo last rays boiiif; rapidly Bhortened, j;ivinjj a roiiudcd contour to tho
posterior portions of the 2 fins. Two styles of coloration are oliservcd;
1 plain olive brown, with niiuuto dark points, whitish below; tlio
other, with numerous leu^thwis*. streaks of li^ht <dive and dark olive
brown, which (extends forward on toj) and sides of In- id; in both caseis
the belly is whitish, and the iins dusky, mottled witl. «larker, the mot-
tliiiK's forming' indistinct cross bars on the caudal ' Niiuierons speci-
meuf dredp;ed by the Alhalrosa in the i^traits of r u -a (August, iMitl),
serve as the types of this species. It is probably the same as that
described by (jarnian as lAparis vaUi^dou, his description beinjj; based on
specimens "said to have been taken near Han Francisco.'' It is not evi-
dent from the text whether the same specimens served as basis foi- the
fifiur«8 (pi. 6, ligs. 1 to 5), concerning which we have no independent data.
This locality may bo correct. The numerons types of Dr. Gilbert's exant-
ined by us are in a collection made by the AlbalroHs, about I'ort Annelcs
in the Straits of ,Juan de Fuca. It has not been yet lecorded from Alaska.
Mr. Ciarman identides this species with the callyodon of I'allas, but acconl-
ing to I'.'Uas liis species had the gill openii<g reduced to a lunate spirado
which is not the case in Liparia fuceiiaia. (fucenaia, from the Straits of
Juan do Fuca.)

Lijmris calliodon, Garman, Discoboli, 64, 1892, locality unknown, thought to be San

Franc'sco; not Cijelopte rut callyodon ol Pai.las.
x.ij>ari.»/««M«i.«t, GiLliKP.T, Kept. U. S. Ftsli Coniiii. 1803 (1896), 447, Port Angeles, Straits

of Juan^de Fuca, at Albatross Station 3451, in 106 fathoms. (Ty]ie, No. 48600.)

■I t

"^.ili

2462. LIPARIS TUNIC'ATUS, Reiubardt.

D. 39; A. 3b; P. 30; V.7; C. 14. Body elongate, subterete; ))el]y promi-
nent. Iload thick, obtuse, depressed behind, convex in front. Mouth
narrow; the jaws eciual; Jaws, suborbital region, and gills with small,
v/hite points. Eyes small, lateral; nostrils 4, tubulate. Gill opening
small, linear., Dorsal fin and anal united to caudal; <'audal cuneate.
Skin lax, slippery. Color dusky, the Hesh reddish, showing through the
skin. Length 1^ Hngprs. (Fabricius.) Coiu't of Greenland. This descrip-
tion ditt'ersfrom later ones in ascribing more rays to the caudal, and tubes
to the nostrils. According to Mr. Garman, the description of Ltpariafa-
bricii, Kriiyer, refers to the same species. The following is its substance:
D. 13 + 27=:= 40; A. 2 + 30 = 32; P. 34; C. U; Vert. •.'1. Hea<l 4 in length,
higher than broad, the snout elevated, truncate, lowe.. jaw shorter; ante-
rior nostrils simple, the posterior with raised rim or witj very sho/ttube;
eye 3 in head ; teeth tricuspid ; ventral disk olli])tical, 9 in length of body ;
dorsal and anal connate with caudal, which is 6 to 8 in total length. Ashy
above, shaded with bluish or orange, spotted with Idackisi pale beljw.
Greenland (Kriiyer, description of Liparia fahricii) Liparis rctica, Gill,
is apparently the same as L. fahricii. The following is the s>.')stance of
the description: Head 4 in total length; depth 2J; dorsal 42, anal *;
caudal 11; jiectoral 35. Forehead depressed, snout rather high md de-
curved; the eyes arc just within the anterior half of the head; th ^ inter-

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. -121

orbital is contained 3 timos in thohead; tliu iintorior nostrils are niiuple,
the posterior tulmlar; tlio dorsal and iinal aro connato with tlie caudal,
the I'onnor united for about \ of the length of the caudal, the latter if ;
caudal convex behind and forms \ of tlu> len<;th, the ])cctoral 5t^; ventral
disk 10. Color uniform, rusty brown or chestnut, without spots or bands.
Port Foulke, Greenland (Gill). Wc have seen no specimens, and follow
authority in regarding Fabricins's count of the caudal rays as probably
an orror, Garman uses the name tumcaiua instead of viinor, apparently
regarding the original use of the latter name as simply tliat of the abjec-
ti/e meaning smaller, not us part of tlie binominal nomeuclaturo. {tiini-
cataa, bearing a cloak.)

Oycloptenig liparit minor, Fabhicius, Fauna Grmnlanilica, 135, 1780, Greenland ; D. 39 ; A.
33 ; P. 30 ; V. 2 ; C. 14 ; not binomial, minnr being merely an nd.joctive, uienning smaller.

Liparis tunicata, Reiniiakdt, Overs. Kong. Dansko Vidonak. Sclak., vi, cxi, 1830, Green-
land ; after Fabukuus; Gakman, Discoboli, 65, 1892.

Liparis fabricii, KrOyer, Naturh. Tidsskr., u, 274, 1847, Greenland; 1). XIII, 27 ; A. II, 30;
P. 34; C. 9; Vert. 46; (JOntheh, Cat., ill, 161, 1861; Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
1864, 102.

Liparit a rctica, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1864, 191, Port Foulke, Greenland; Jordan &.UUr
UEBT, Syuopois, 742, 1883.

2453. LIPABI8 AOASSIZII, Putman.

Head 3*; depth 4. D. 39; A. 31; pectoral 34; caudal 12; eye 6 in
head; iutororbital 2A^ ; snout 2^; ventral disk Ig ; pectoral IJ; caudal If.
Body elongate, compressed i)08teriorly, about as wide as deep anteriorly;
head as deep as broad, ^ longer; mouth moderately large, the maxiUary
reaching slightly past front of* eye; lower jaw included; teeth small, tri-
cuspid, arranged in 8 or 9 oblique rows, which grow more oblii[ue toward
the sides; snout broad and blunt, slightly overhanging the mouth ; nos-
trils ending in tubes, the anterior tube wider and longer than posterior;
nape high and prominent, scarcely produced; gill opening short, its lower
i or J in front of the pectoral, extending downward t. about the second
or third ray, its length a little greater than width of eye. Ventral disk
slightly longer than broad, its distance from end of lower Jaw If its
length, its posterior margin scarcely midway between its anterior and
front of anal ; vent nearer posterior margin of di,=ik than front of anal ;
pectoral broadly rounded behind, the notch made; by the produced lower
rays shallow, end of iiu reaching to the vertical from front of anal ; origin
(»f dorsal just over posterior edge of ventral disk, its distance from snout
about 3 in body, slightly joined to the caudal posteriorly; origin of anal
nearer to snout by a distance c(|ual to length of snout posteriorly joined
to the caudal, the tips of the last rays reaching nearly to the middle of
caudal rays. Color olive brown, irregularly marked with dark brown
spots the size of pupil; belly white; top of head darker than bodj'; dorsal
spotted like the body; spots on anal in the form of indistinct bands; pec-
toral marked Avith interrupted irregular streaks ; a wide dark band across
middle of caudal rays, 2 or 3 other narrow streaks across caudal. Here
described from a specimen collected by the Alhatroan at Station 3247, in
Bristol Bay, Alaska, in 17 fathoms. Its length is nearly 3 inches.
303(> 56

2122 DiiUdin //, Uniied States National Museum.

Iv

\l\

The following is G.'irman's deecriiitlon of a speciinon which was 10 inches
in loni^th:

Head 4i in total length; depth over t. D. 41 (41 to 44). A. 33 (32
to 35); pectoral 38 (35 to 3H); i-andal 12; vertel)rin \'iS. Mody elongato.
rather Iohs inflated anteriorly than the other Liparids, greatly coniprcssod
jtosteriorly. With the exception of tlie disk the appearance is very niiicli
the same as that of the Cottoida. Tota! length 2| times tlie distance from
snout to vent. Head moderately broad, depressed anteriorly, slightly
convex in transverse section through the frontal region; sncmt broad,
blunt, rounded, convex, nearly 4 times the diameter of the eye, i\^ of the
length of the head. Mouth wide, maxilla extending behind a vertical
from the anterior border of the eye ; upper lip complete, lower separated
foi" only Jibout J tlie distance from the angle of the mouth to the middle.
Teeth small, tricuspid, with slender, somewhat compressed bases, cusps
com]>re88ed to sharp edges, outer cusp turned outward so as to give an
inflated appearance at the top, arranged in about 72 rows, counting length-
wise on each Jaw, or 10 rows transversely, from outer to inner. Pharyn-
geal teeth simple, in 2 bunches of 8 or 10 rows at the esophagus on the
roof of the mouth, and beh>w these on the floor in 2 smaller elongati
groups. Nostrils small, tubes short or absent, posterior between the ante-
rior halves of the eyes, anterior in front of these about 1 diameter of tlie
orbit, and twice the same distance from each other. Eye small, less thiin
\ of head. Gills 3|. Gill opening a vertical slit, extending downward ,i
short distance on 1 or 2 rays only of the base of the pectoral (not so wide
as in L.jiiilchellus). Skin thin, loose. Backward from the vent the form
is much comi»re88cd, the thickness being nearly ^ of the height, and botli
lateral and <lorsal outlines taper regularly to the caudal. Dorsal, anal,
and cau<lal fins confluent, anal extending farther on the caudal, i. e.,
more than -^ the lengtli of the latter; dorsal comujencing above the gill
opening, at a distJince from the snout that is contained in the total length
without the caudal 3s times; anal beginning a trifle in advance of the
mid length, excluding the caudal; ])ectural broad, not reaching the anal,
upper portion rounded, lower fringed, a shallow indentation between the
two portions; caudal subtruncate, rounded, with rays more than .1 as
long as the head; ventral disk small, :jr longer than broad, situated its
length from the lips, occupying nearly i of the distance from the snout to
the first ray of th(^ anal, or about ^ of the total length. Color dark brown,
irregularly marked with whitish or grayish ; a series of 5 or 6 spots, each
as large as the eye, along the middle of the flank; below these, near the
lower edge, there are indications of 4 or 5 whitish blotcln^s, resembliiij;
transverse bands; dorsal, anal, and caudal with irregular cloudings and
blotches of darker and of lighter; base of pectoral with a couple of large
blotches of light grayish, balance of the fin freckled with light color;
head dark, somewhat reddened. Entire length 10 inches. (Garmau.)
North Pacifle; connnon south to Unalaska; the original types above de-
scribed were collected by Mt^ssrs. Pierce and Smith at Saghalien, Channel
of Tartary ; our specimens collected by the Albatross in Bristol Bay. Dr.
Bean's types of Lijjaris gibbiis came from Plover Bay, Siberia; others are

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2123

0 inches

L. 33 (32
ilongatt),
iipr»>8so(l
jry much
nee from
slightly
it bro.iil,
^ of the
I, A'erticul
iopiirated
e middle.
868, cuspn
o give an
ig length-
Pharyn-
U8 on the
r elongate
a the aute-
ator of the,
, l088 thiiu
iwnward a
lot HO \vi(h!
it the form
;, and both
jrsal, anal,
udal, i. e.,
\-Q the gill
i>tal length
nee of the
g the anal,
jtweeu the
than I as
itnated its
i«> snout t'l
irk brown,
ipots, each
le, near the
•esemblin^
dingH and
lie of laig«
ight color;
l(Garniau.)
above do-
I, Channel

Bay. 1)1.
others are

recorded from Unalaska, St. Paul Island, o(F Indian Point, Capo Chaplin,
Eastern Siberia, Petropaulski, and Bering Strait.

The fcdlowing is the sub.stanc^o of the account of L'qtans tjihbua which
Garman identities, aitpareutly correctly, with lApariH atjaasiz'n:

Head 3i ; depth :U. \ ). 42 ; A. 3fi ; P. 85 ; C. 12. Body altruptly contracted
near the vent, cov»^red with lax skin; iiiterorbital space ishallow-cimcave,
the V(^rtex and nape sonievvhat elevated; snout depressed; head as wide
as long, longer than deep; nostrils tubular, the tubes of anterior nostrils
loDjrest; eye small, 1 in head; ventral disk nearly circular, 8 in length;
vertical fins couiluent; dorsal ccuitinuous; longest dorsal ray i as long
as head; pcictorals reaching front of anal; caudal fi in body. Head and
body very jtale brown or gray, [talor below; head and anterior parts some-
times with concentric brown rings, much as in Liparin pulclnUna; sides
plain or marki'd with brown stripes and rings; tail sometiu s with dark
blotches; vortical tins usually with dark bands. Bering Sea, Aleutian
Islands, and Sil»eria. (Named for Prof. Louis Agassiz).

Cycloplenis Upan», Bloch, AuBliiud. FiscUo, i, 48, 1785, in part, Pacitic speciiueus.
Liparis aijaKKizii, Putnam, Proc. Amor. Ahs(ic. .Vdv. Sci. 1874, ;!.t9, Saghalien, Channel of

Tartary (Coll. Piereo anil Smith); Gakman, l)i.si!()lioli, 62, pis. l-;i, 1892.
Liparis (jihhxia, ISka.v, I'ruo. U.S. Nut. Mu.s. 1881, 148, Unalaska, St. Paul Island, Indian

Point, Cape Chaplin, and Plover Bay, Siberia; Jordan &. Gilbeet, Synopsis,

741, 1883.

2454. LIPAUIS IIEBSCHELIM'S, Scoflcld.

Head ^ in body; depth 3J. I). 12; A. 33; pectoral 35; caudal 10;
eye 4^ in head, and 1^ in snout; interorbital space 3 iu head; maxillary 2
in head. Body tadpcde-Iiko; head rounded and very little compressed;
abdonutu sligh* <ste'' 1; Just back of the abdomen the body is sud-
denly comprct a width eciualing ^ its height, and from this i)oint
the body gradually tapers to the caudal, its height and width keeping the
same projiortions; the height of the base of the caudal e([uals the diame-
ter of the eye; the maxillary extends to (osterior edge «)f eye, and its end
is concealed in the base of the skin of the head ; upper jaw slightly longer
than lower; teeth tricuspid; interorbital space Hat; nape slightly ele-
v;ited; gill openings small; the width of the slit ecpialing the interorbital
space; the lower edge of the slit even with the first pectoral ray; the
posterior nostrils end iu very short, compressed tubules about i diameter
of eye in fn»nt of eye ; the autt^rior nostrils are simple and placed directly
in front of the jiosterior nostrils a distance equal to ^ diameter of eye.
The dorsal begins on a vertical line drawn from posterior edge of gill flap;
the anterior rays are short, gradually lengthening till middle of fin is
reached, where the rays equal 2A times the diameter of the eye, the last
rays scarcely shortened and not forming a notch at its junction with the
caudal; last rays encroaching on the caudal for \ of its length; anal same
shape as dorsal and of same height, its last rays encroaching on caudal for
fr its length; upper lobe of pectoral composed of 25 rays, the eleventh and
longest ray li in head; length of twenty-fifth ray 4 iu head, lower lobe
with 10 rays, of Avhich the third from the last, or twenty-third, is the long-

2124 Diillctin //, United States National Museum,

(!8t, beini; coutained in the heud 2i'ir times; membrane between each :>
of the liiHt 4 rays incised; cundal slender, rounded bi^hind, its length .1
little more than twice in head. Diameter of ventral disk 8 in body. Skin
very loose, attached only at opening and to ends of last rays of dorsal and
anal and to base of caudal. Color dark, covered with tine punctnlatioa •
belly and underside of head free from markings; last half of dorsal darker
than anterior half; anal mottled with blac^k ; caudal Avith 2 black vertical
bands, the iirNt bony and Just back of tips of last dorsal and anal rays ; tlio
second band slender and faint and at top of tin. Arctic Ocean; seveml
specimens were taken at Herschel Island. The longest Hpccimen is 2.V
inches long. This species is nearest L. tunioatua from the coast of Greeulaiul
and appears to be intermediate between it and L. agaasizii.

Liparit herschcliiiuD, Scopield, I'MnlieM of llerschel Island, in Jordan «fc Gilbert, Rept.
Fur Seal Invest., 1898, Herschel Island, Arctic Ocean. (Typo, No. 5001, L. S. Jr.
Univ. Mu8. Coll. N. B. Scofleld.)

:n

8455. LIPABI8 DENNYI, Jordan &. Starka.

Head 3)1 in length of body; depth <U. D. 39; A. 30; pectoral 36; caudal
12; eye H in head; maxillary 2^; snout 2|; gill opening 2^; upper pec-
toral lobei; lower lobe 1^; intervening rays 2^; ventral disk 2|; highest
dorsal rays 2^; highest anal rays 2» ; caudal rays If. Body moderately
elongate, much compressed posteriorly, slightly so anteriorly ; head mod-
erate, the cheeks and nape prominent. Month wide, Avith little lateral
cleft; maxillary extending to below the anterior margin of eye, its end
covered with the skin of the head ; the lower jaw slightly the longer ; tlie
teeth tricu8i)id, those on the inner part of jaw largest, arranged in about
14 series in each jaw; series nearly transverse on middle of jaw, becoming
more and more obli(|ue toward the sides, where they are nearly parallel
with the sides of the jaws; interorbital wide, slightly concave; nostrils
ending in very short, wide tubes, the posterior over the anterior margin
of eye, the anterior in front of it a distance equal to the diameter of eye;
ojtercle ending in a short, wide spine covered with skin; it is situated
slightly above the middle of gill opening; gill opening running from
about the eleventh pectoral ray to a level with the eye. Origin of dorsa]
slightly behind base of pectoral, its distance from the snout 3|^ in length
of body, it« anterior rays short, gradually lengthening posteriorly, th(»
rays from the anterior third to near the end about equal, the last ray
abruptly shortened, forming a slight notch where the fin joins the caudal ;
posterior I of caudal free above ; anal similar to dorsal, about the same
height, its origin nearer snout than base of caudal, about under the base
of the tenth dorsal ray, posteriorly it is longer than the dorsal, joining
the caudal at about i its length ; ventral disk nearly round, its distance
from tip of lower jaw 1^ in its diameter, 1 in distance from vent, 2 from
first anal ray ; vent midway between front of anal and edge of disk ; upper
lobe of pectoral broadly rounded, reaching to ^ of the distance between
vent and front of anal; lower lobe long, reaching nearly to vent; caudal
long and slender, rounded behind. Skin very thin and loose on body and
head, covering the anterior parts of dorsal and anal, attached at about the

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2125

iniddlo of rays poHteriorly, and covoring the base of caudal rays. Color
light brown, light*'!- bolow, thickly covered with minute brown points,
which form si)ot8 and mottlings on sides; upper part of head dark, lips
spotted with brown; dorsal and anal dark brown, slightly mottled with
lighter; pectoral light, with irregtilar brown spots and bars running across
it; caudal dark brown, mottled at base, 2 light bars crossing it toward its
end, heaving a narrow posterior margin of brown. North Pacifu-, south to
Puget Sound; nuuiorous specimens in the J //>((/roH8 collections from about
IJnalaska. (Named for Mr. Charles L. Denny, of Seattle, in recognition of
his active and intelligent interest in the natural historj' of Washington.)

Liparis dennyx, Johdan &. Stauks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 835, jil. 98, Admiralty Inlet,
Puget Sound. (Type, No. 3703, L. S. Jr. Univ. Muh. Coll. Young NuturulLstH' Society
of Seattle.)

24riO. LIPARIS <'T(;L0STI09IA, Gilbert.

Head 3»; depth 4^. D. 44; A. 34; P. 42; C. 14. A robust, compressed
species, Tith broad, gently convex head, the nape rather elevated,
comparatively wide gill opening, a single continuous dorsal fin, the dorsal
and anal broadly joined to the caudal, and the coloration peculiar. Pro-
file gently and evenly declining from nape to end of premaxillary pro-
cesses, thence descending more steeply to tip of snout. Interorbital space
very wide, equaling length of snout and | of eye, 2* in head. Distance
from tip of snout to front of exposed portion of eye, 2v',f in head. Mouth
terminal, broad and transverse, with but little lateral cleft, the 2 jaws
equal, the lower not included. The maxillary is entirely bound down by
skin of head, reaching vertical from front of pupil, the angle of mouth in
advance of ej'e. Bands of teeth extremely broad, the teeth very small,
all tricuspid, the outer ones minute, those toward inner margin of jaw
increasing in size. The anterior series in each jaw are nearly transverse,
the lateriil series becoming successively more and more oblique, the
uppermost nearly parallel with the jaw; aboirt 20 series in each side of
lower jaw, 30 on each side of upper jaw. The width of band in upper
jaw equals f diameter of exposed portion of eye, which is J length of
snont, f interorbital width. Nostrils without tube. Lower lip distinct
on lateral jj or §^ of mandible. Gill opening wide, extending downward
to opposite base of fifteenth pectoral ray, the length of the slit 2} in hesvd.
Upper jaw with a series of large pores; lower jaw short, with few pores.
Disk large, oblong, its longitudinal diameter 2J^ in head, equaling its dis-
tance from anus and twice distance of latter from base of first anal ray.
Pyloric ceca 28. Pectoral very broad, inserted low, its upper margin on
a level with premaxillaries, much below the eye ; the rays decrease but little
in length from the first to the twentieth, and form a very broad, evenly
rounded lobe. Below the twentieth the rays decrease gently and have
exerted tips, until the shortest ray equals f the long upper rays. There
follow 3 or 4 somewhat longer rays, the tips still further exserted, then 4
or 5 rays which decrease rapidly, the shortest anterior one equaling diam-
eter of eye; longest iiectoral ray If in head; base of first dorsal ray
in a vertical passing through axil of pectoral ; longest dorsal ray Is in

212C Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

]ioa<l, ilio lust ruyB iiiindly Hhortonod ho uh to prodiiro a iiotdi at iiTiion
with tlio cjunliil, th<' last ray Ii'hs than jj tlie loiiKunt, tho nicmbraiio join-
ing at fnd of basal third of caudal; tlii^ anal fin is equal in I>*>in;ht to tii(>
dorsal, bnt tho lant rays arc hut littlo HJiortenod, ho that no notch «!xist.s
]»()steriorly. It forms a innch broader union with the caudal, which ii
Joins at tho end of ita basal two-tliirds; caudal broad, rounded, the outer
rays * tho length of mid<lle rays, which equal the length of head witlioiil
the Huout. l{o<ly everywhere transparent, gelatinous in structure. Colors
in life, olivaceous above, overlaid with light grajMsh; belly and lowci
side of head light yellow ; body and fins with large brownish-red or biood-
rcd spots and blotches, usually rouudish, each having a darker margin
surrounded with a light ring. Length 3nO mm. luring .Sea; type fmir
Bristol Hay, in ^OA fathoms; a second spo<timen from St. Paul Island, nnd
a third still larger from Petroi)aul8ki; a most beautifully c(dored species,
quite unlike the others. (Gilbert.) (wwAo?, round; Cjr////a, spot.)

LiparxH eyclosligma, (Jilbkut, Kept. IT. S. Fish Comm. 189;j (1896), 446, Bristol Bay,
Alaska, at Albatross Station 3353, in 3gJ fathoms. (Typit Xo. 48621.)

'1

Subgenus LYOLIPARIS, Jordan &■ Evorniann.

2457. LUUIliK PULCIIKLLUS, Ayres.

Head 4} in length; depth H. D. 47 to 49; A. 40; pectoral 30; caudil
12; eyes 6 in head; interorbital space (llesh, not bone) 2; snout 3; \nc-
toral li; ventral disk 2J; caudal Ij. liody elongate, somewhat com-
pressed, tapering gradually to the caudal. The head is broader and longer
than high; snout subtruncato, overhanging tho mouth; teeth small, tii-
cuspid, the median cusp longest, arranged in oblique rows as in tho related
species; upper lip complete, the lower interrui>ted on each side about mid-
way between middle of jaw and angle of mouth; interorbital space wide
and flat, posterior nostril ending in a short, wide tube, anterior smaller,
closer together, about midway between the posterior and end of suoiil ;
gill opening moderate, wider than eye, its lower third in front of pectoral,
extending downward to tho third or fourth ray; skin thin and loose, as
in the other Liparids; vent nearer to anal than ventral disk. Dorsal and
aniil confluent v.'ith the caudal, which seems to end in a point when not
spread; origin of dorsal just behind base of pectoral, its distance from
snout contained 4 times in the length of body, the anterior rays buried
under the skin; origin of anal nearer snout than base of caudal fin; jxc-
torals broadly rounded posteriorily, reaching to front of anal, the lower
rays smaller and produced, forming a notch in lower part of fin. Color
light olive brown, with numerous waving lines everywhere on head and
body, running longitudinally, sometimes running together and formiiii;
irregular markings; belly and lower parts of head white; dorsal and anal
dusky, with longitudinal stripes and mottlings; caudal dark at tip; pec-
torals with irregular cross streaks. Others are light brownish Avith spot.s
of darker, not showing any trace of the longitudinal stripes; the head
variously marked with irregular vermiculations. Here described from
specimens from Point Eeyes, California. The one from which the mea.s-

Jordan and F.viymann. — Fishes of North Anwrica. 2127

urflinontH are taken is a little ov«m' I inches iu l<>nj;tli. Spocinieiis vary
greatly in depth of body. Length 10 iiu-lies. Northirii I'acitic, Alaska to
Monterey." Common; Hpo<-im«'nH are recorded from IMiget Sonnd and from
TongasH, St. Panl, Kailiak, llnalaska, and other lo«rulitloH in Alaska.
The specimen from the northernmost Io(;ality examined by tin is from
liristol Hay in 16 fathoms (Coll. AlbatroHs). Tlio species is not rare about
San Francisco and Monterey, whore the striped form is almost oxclnsively
fonnd. {pulehelliia, prettj'.)

Lipari» pulehellus. Ayhes, I'roc. Cal. Ac, Nat. Soi., I, 1855, 23, San Francisco; fli'NTllRii,
Cat., ni, 164, 18f)l; STEiNOAciiNEit, Iclitli. Ili'itriiKe, in, 5:1, IST.'i; Jordan &. UiLUEitT,
.SynopHiH, 741, 1883; Gau.man, l)iH< oboli, »!7, pl.s, 4, 5, aii<l K, 1892,

Ci/clogatter tnilehellus, Girakd, Pao. K, 11. Kept., x, Fislios, 132, 1858.

Subgenus ACTINOCHIR, Gill.
2468. LIPAIUS MA.IOR (dill).

Head 4 in length, D. 45 to 48; A. 38 to 40; V. 34 to 37 ; caudal 12 to 14 ;
vertebra) 52 (10-}-42); cjeca 26; branchiostegaLs 6. Body elongate, much
compressed and tapering posteriorly, rather thin b«>1iind the abdomen,
slender at the base of the caudal, broad and high between the pectorals.
Head high and broad, prominent at nape, length a little more than depth,
forehead depres-sed; snont broad, blunt, rounded, rather deep, as long
as eye; month anterior, broad, maxillary subtending the eye. Jaws about
equal; a broad iuterrnption in lower lip in middle of chin; teeth small,
in pavement, tricuspid in younger specimens, simple in old. Some of
those from which this description is drawn show the 3 jironged teeth in
the outer rows, and an approach to the simple in the inner. A series of
5 or 6 pores on each side, just above upper lip, from snont to postor-
bital region; another of 6 or 7 pores from chin toward upper angle of gill
opening; posterior nostril reduced, pore-like, on interorbital space; ante-
rior in front of eye, tubular; between and a little in front of the tubes
a couple of large pores. Kyo moderately large, iu anterior half of head,
lateral, about equal to snout, once in interorbital space, 1^^ times in disk,
and 3^ in head; disk small, little longer than wide, 1^ times as long as
eye, distant from mouth IJ times the length, which is equal to | distance
to anal fin; vent about midway from disk to first ray of anal; gill open-
ing little wider than eye, i of its extent in front of base of pectoral ; 1
single and 3 double gills ; pseudobranchiio small ; oi)ercular spine rather
broad; skin thin, loose, easily carried away, that of the males in breeding
season roughened with small, spine-bearing papillie, ; dorsal and anal con-
tinuous with the caudal, the union occupying nearly | length of last,
onal extending a little farther back than dorsal. Caudal rays less than ^
as long as head, hincfer margin of the fin slightly rounded, narrow; pec-
torals broad and rounded in the upper portion, reaching anal fin; in the
lower portion fringed; several of the rays at sides of disk, much longer
than those immediately above them, form a notch in the margin, a fold
uniting the fins in front of disk ; no apparent notch in dorsal ; like the

* Our Monterey specimens have D, 48 j A. 39 j P. 36; C. 12. Head 5 ; depth 5.

2128 nuUctin ^7, United States National Museum.

anal, it i-Ihum griidiitilly, .-ind attaiiiH iU ^roatest oxtoiit in tlio posturiiir
tliinl of itH Icnj^tli. I'lot'csHor Liitl^cn j^ivos tlio followiiijj; as tho fornnila .
DoiHiil 4:{ to 4!>; anal ;{»> to 40; luictoral ^^2 to 38; candal !» to 11. Tin*
H|tt'cinienH drscribod lioro, and from which tho nuinbors jtlarcil iit tlm
head of this floscription wore taken, were fnrnlHhed this MnsMiim Ity him.
From his larj^o Hi-rics ho finds a jjreator rnn^^o of variation in all caseH
except that of tho candal, whero 12 to 14 rays nppoar on these oxaniplos.
Color olivac-eona to dark hrown, darkest abunt the head and l»ody. On
close examination tho skin is seen to he thickly puncticulate with hrown.
in cases forming dondings, Idotchrs, or transverse hands on the fins and
hinder parts of tiie body. In life there is no donht of the presence of
tints of lilac, reddish, or yellowish. One of these specimens has 6 bands
of brownish on the dorsal, and 4 on the anal. Our largest is 5 inches in
length. (Garnian.) Coasts of (}reenlan<l, cast to the White Sea; not
seen by us; the description from a specimen in the Museum Comp. Zool.,
sent by Dr. Liltken. (Eu.) (jl/a/o?', larger.)

Cycloi>terv* lii>arii major, FAniiK'irs, Fauna (iriiiilaiul., KIO, 1780, Greenland; "Wamiacm,
Artodi Tisciiiin, in, 480, 1702; after Faiiiiicids; not a binomial name, major bi-inj; Him-
l>ly an adjective.

Liparit tunicata, KmivEn, Naturli. Tidsskr., i, 236, 1802; not of Keinhaudt.

Aetinochir major, (iiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1804, 103, Greenland.

TAparin/abricii, LI'tken, Kara-Ifave.s, Fiske, 146, 1887.

Liparis major, JouvAii &. Gildeut, Syuop.>*i8, 741, 1883; Garman, DiHcoboH, 72, 1802.

786. BATHYPHASMA, Gilbert.
Jiathnphanma, Gilhert, Kepv. IT. S. Fish Conim. 1803 (1806), 447 (ovigerum).

Teeth long, slender, simple, without basal cusps. Disk large, its sur-
face even, with evident lobos or horny papilhe under posterior part of the
head; the anna not immediately behind it. Gill opening comparatively
wide. Caudal long, well developed, not acuminate, containing 12 rays,
the dorsal and anal confluent with its basal '*; pectoral broad and con-
tinuous, as in lAparis, tho lower rays exserted. Suborbital process strong.
Vertt^brjo numerous. The typical species has much the shape and general
appearance of Liparia agaaaizii. The character of the simple teeth, which
this genus shares with ParaHjyans and others, has been independently
acquired. (Gilbert.) Skeleton soft, little ossified. Deep-sea Liparids of
largo size, the dentition unlike that of the other genera, and apparently
not aoiuired by tho same line of descent as the simple teeth of Parali-
paria, which seems to be a degradation of the form seen in Liparia.
{ftaOvi, deep sea; ^ddna, apparition.)

2450. IIATIIYPIIASMA OVIOKUUM, Gilfcert.

Head SjJ; depth 3*; eye 7. Occipital region greatly elevated, tho upper
profile of head strongly decurv<'d above the orbits, a line from o<'ciput to
end of premaxillary processes forming an angle of 45 degrees with axis
of body. In front of tips of premaxillary processes the snout descends
almost vertically. Posteriorly the body tapers uniformly and slowly, the?
width of base of tail equaling \ diameter of eye. Mouth large, horizontal.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2129

postoridi

formula;

11. Tho

■«l at tll(^

II by liiin.

all ciiHOH

ixaniplcs.

ody. On

tblirowii,

e iiiiH and

resonco of

iH 6 bands

intlu's in

Sea; not

lup. Zool.,

■\VAi-nArM,
r b(!iiig Him-

2, 1802.

;e, its 8ur-
)art of thn
aratively
12 rays,
and con-
83 stronji.
«1 general
th, wbich
endeutly
iparids of
parently
f Par all
Liparis.

not overpaHHod by tbn flnoiit, tbe lower Jaw Hligbtly sborter tliaii thr upper,
not dlHtiuetly iunliided; maxillary resiebing a vertical from poHterinr
ed>;« of orbit, its length 2^^ in bead, its width Iji in bead; upper lip
complete, tho fold of lower lip extending halfway from angle of mouth to
symphysiH. Hands of teeth very wide in the front of eaehjuw, becoming
narrow laterally, where the series are few in numiicr and nearly parallel
with tho Jaw; anteriorly tlie aeries grow more and more obli(|ue, until
at front of Jaw they are nearly transverse; teeth all simple and slender,
without cusps, directed very obliquely backward, and movable, implanted
so as to admit of still further depression; outer teeth in both Jaws very
short, the inner ones growing gradually buiger and becoming aeicular,
16 series <»f ttseth on each side of lower Jaw, 22 series on each side (»f
upper jaw. Posterior nostril in a short wide tube. Eye large, the diame-
ter of its exposed portion 2k in total interorbital width. Cheek and
temporal region swollen, the suborbital stay running in a notable depres-
sion between the two. Gill slit wide, extending downward to opposite
upper pectoral rays, longer than snout, 2g^in head. Mucous por'^s minute,
on sides of snout, mandible, and preopercle, none visible on top of head.
Disk large, nearly round, its center slightly in advance of gill slit, its
length 3^ in head, distance from its posterior margin to vent equaling
if its own diameter. A small anal papilla. Pyloric cu'CO IJ). Pectoral
with 34 rays, not notched, the lower rays regularly diminishing in l<«ngth
to«the fifth or sixth before the last, the next 2 or M abruptly lengthened
and exserted; Imigest ray of upper lobe erpialing snout and eye; longest
ray of lower lobe equaling snout and k eye; dorsal tin beginning slightly
behind upper axil of pectorals and with 43 rays, the longest e((ualing dis-
tance from tip of snout to front of pupil; »)rigin of anal fin with i diame-
ter of eye in front of middle of body, with 34 rays; caudal ray long and
slender, with 12 rays, its basal f continent with dorsal and pual, its length
equal to that of pectoral fin. Skin thin, not conspicuously lax. Head, body,
and fins white, inconspicuously mottled with light brown. A s .ngle speci-
men, 31.5 mm. in total length, from Station 3342, off Queen Charlotte Island,
British Columbia, depth 1,588 fathoms. The type is a male, with well-
developed testes, and contained in its mouth, when captured, a spherical
mass of eggs apparently of the same species. The eggs measured 4^ mm-
in diameter, and were well along in their development, tho embryos dis-
tinctly visible through the very tough egg membranes. The general form
of head and body can be made out, as well as the long continuous dorsal
and anal fins running backward into the tail. It seems not improbable
that the male fish protect the eggs in this manner until after hatching.
(D.43; A.34; P.34; C.12.) (Gilbert.) (onnn, egg; gero, I boar.)

bbo upper
[cciput to
Iwith axis
I descends
>wly, the
krizontal.

Jiathyphasma ovigenim, Gh.bkrt, Rejit. U. S. Fisli Conim. 1893 (1896), 448, off Queen Char-
lotte Island, at Albatross Station 3343, in 1,588 fathoms. (Typo, No. 48622.)

787. CAREPROCTUS, Kriiyer.

Garfiproctut, KuOybr, Naturb. Tidsskr., i, 257, 1862 {reinhardi).
Garemitra, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fishes, 452, 1896 (simut).
Allochir, Jordan &, Evermann, Cbeck-List Fishes, 452, 1896 (melammit).
Allants, Jordan &. Eveuaunn, Check-List Fishes, 452, 1896 (eetenes).

21.'J0 Bulletin 47, Uniled States National Museum.

W

lUxly moro or I*'sh «-loiii;iiie, suiiiitniDHpaiciit, rovon-d witli thin, |a\
Nkin; iiioiitli tmiiiiijil; toctliHiiiiplo in tlio luhill, hookud; vuiitnd (lisk vnrv
Hiniill, Hitiiatnt Cur furwivril, imkIi'I- front of oyc, Honi«tiin<-M rcihn "mI to a
MuTr point; voni u littlo Ixiliiiul it, fur in front of anal fin; )iectoi;il Hu
broad, notchrd, the lo\v<>r lohn woll di^v<>Io|iod, Vortoltrir and fin mvN
nnniorouH; noHtrilH with or witiiont tuV.o. Kpunifs of ratiii^r liir<ro Hi/o,
found in d(>(>p or cold watoi'H. Theso f >rni n tiiuiHition from Aclinorliir tn
tliM Amitrinw, in which ^ronj) thn ventral disk in wholly lost.

Conc<-rnin^ Careproctim, Mr. Unrnian has tho followlnjj; rrniarks:

"ThiH jfonuH and lApariii uvn brought vory cIomo to^^othrr liy I'ltrcprnrliiH
llparis major. The simple form of tooth in th«^ on<« raHo and thn triruNpiil
foiin in th« (»ther wcro fornmrly considered Hnllicicntly diHtinctivc for Hop.
arating thoso genura. Liitken, 18H7, )>oiiitud out that the young of the
mentioned Hpecics Iuih the tricuspid tooth of Llparis, an<l that witli agi- it
acquires the simple teeth of CarvprovtuH, It is poHHilde that n Hiniiljir
ohango takes place in the oth(T species we have brought together in tlio
latter. Indeed, assuming derivation from species of Liparia of the hlioal
waters, it isjnstwhatwo should expect in all those Cnrc/^roc/i of the deep hcji.

"TteHidos the dentiti<»n, other features may be solectut' that in compari-
sons may serve to distinguish this genus from the preceding: The head
is higher at the back; the body is dee])er in front of the dorsal fin; tlic
caudal region is longer, more slender and tapering; the vertebra; are moii'
numoro the dorsal and anal tins have more rays, and are conipletvly
fused witli the caudal; the disk is reduced in size; the suborbital procoHH
is less developed, and ajiparently the intestine is shorter. Among thesi
ditferences there Is none that nniy not be a consequence of the modifying:
influences of great depths upon species of lAparis such as now exist ulon^
the coasts." (napd, head; itpoanrdi, anus.)

Caremitra (xapa, hewl; iiirpa, stoniacher) :
a. liody short and deep, with blunt hend, the inferior mouth below the prominent snoui ;
disk nearly as long aa oyo; pectoral rays 33. SIHDS, 24(l().

aa. Body more or leas elongate.

b. Body not exoessively attenuate, its median depth much more than length of
eye.
Cahkproctds :
c. Pectorul fin distinctly notched, its middle rays shorter than upper or lowor,
d. Lower pectoral rays extremely long, reaching front of anal; disli
moderate, about as large as eye. colletti, 24iil.

dd. Lower pectoral rays not reaching anal.

e. Month horizontal or moderately oblique, not nearly vertical.
/. Disk nearly or quite as long as eye, not excessively reduced.
g. Disk about i longer than eye; anterior nostril with ii
tube ; gill slit reduced ; mouth oblique ; D. 53 ; P. 34.

PHASMA, 24(i'.>.

gg. Disk not larger than eye, which is al>out 4 in head ;
anterior nostril (ao far as known) without tube.
h. Depth 4 in length ; mouth large; D. 52; A. 47.

SPBCTBtTM, 24G3.
hh. Depth 5i to 6.

{. Pectoral rays 32 ; D. 54 ; A. 45.

IlKlNHAnni. 2461.
ii. Pectoral raya 38 ; D. about 48 ; A. about 4K.

SAMULA. 2406.

Jordan and Ilveruiann. — Fishes oj North America. 2131

lan length <il'

//. l>lMk vnv iiiiiiiitii. oKTKNi'i M, 24<M1,

«<•. Month nuiirly vxrtloul; liotly uloiiKutr. D.&Oi A.'in;(,'.0; I'.UO.

HICI.ATINOSI M, '2407.
Al.l.ocmii (ilAAiis-, other; x»ip, hunil):
ee. I'et'toral fliia not n(ilrli*><|, the middle rnya not Hliorter thiiii u|>|ior or
lower; Kill;op<>nliigt rodiicoil : di'iith 4^ in length. I>. fiM; A. .'>"; P. :iO.

AIKl.ANl'Ul's, 24IS8.

Au.iriti'H (aAAot, othort oupa, tall):
hh. Ho<ly o\ceM«ivi'ly idoiiKntit, Hh depth i4t tlm nilddlo iiol more thun dluinoli>r of
eye; dink Hinaller thuiiitye; ((ill (>|ieiiiugH rudiictMl: ■iioiit xhovpl-Hliaped.
D.Bl. RITENKH, 24fl«.

Subgenus CAREMITRA, Jordnn Si KvorniKiin.

t!44IO. CAItKIMUM TIN SIMUN, (lilhiit.

A Bpocies with a very licavy licad and body, an inft-rior tranMv^Tso
tuoiitb, ovorlaiiped by the thick, rounded Hiioiit. Ai)[»<'arance intich that
of llhxno\\par\» harhuli/ei', hut tlie anterior partH much heavier, napo more
ch'vatcd, snout Hhortcr and hhinter, without harhclH, cxtondiuK beyond
front of eycH for a distance (measured axially) equal to | diaiu«>ter of orbit,
and projecting boycmd nioutli for i that distance. Mouth transverse, its
width nearly twice the distance from aympliysis of lower Jaw to angle of
mouth, the latter reaching a vertical midway between front of eye and
pupil. Teeth indistinctly tricuspid, in narrow bands, 11 or 12 series in
each half «)f lower jaw, 8 or 1> in the upper. Nostrils without tube. Eye
large,3 iu ht>ad, e(|ualing snout, U in total interorbital widtli. Gill slit
moderate, ^ of it opposite upjter pectoral rays, its width jj diameter of eye.
Opercle prolonged into an acute lobe overlapping middle of slit. Disk
rather small, nmnd, under posterior part of eye, its diameter 7, that of eye.
Vent inunediutely behind it, e(|uidistant from front of anal and angle of
mimth. Pectorals inserted high, the upper edge on a level wU. the mid-
dle of eye, continuous, the median rays greatly shortened, the lower ones
again longer, with exserted free tijts; upper lobe extending b(>yond front
of anal, and ecpialing length of head behind snout, lower rays ij length of
upper ones; P. 33; origin of dorsal iin just behind axil of jiectorals, con-
tinuous posteriorly with the caudal Iin, which is very narrow juul not <liH-
tinct; origin of anal at end of first third of length. Whitish or bright
brown, dusky posteriorly on body and fins; mouth, gill cavity, ami peri-
toneum white. One specimen, 3i^ inches long, from B«^ring .Sea north of
Unalaska Island. (Gilbert.) («m««, tf///d5, suubnosed.)

Careproctvt sitnvs, (iu.nEBT, Kept. U. S. Fisli Coiiini. ISOli (189C), 444, Bering Sea north of
Unalasica, at Albatross Station 3331, in 350 fathoms.

Subgenus CAREPROCTUS, Kroyer.
2461. t'iUKl'nOCTl'S (OLl.ETTI, Gilhert.

Head 5, blunt and heavy, with subvertical cheeks and bluntly rounded
snout, the latter not projecting beyond the mouth; greatest depth (at
occiput) fi; eye equals length of snout, 3 J in head, Is in interorbital width ;
nape not elevated; mouth terminal at lower side of snout, slightly obli(|ue,

2132

nuUctin /7, United States National A fiiseuni.

Mi If

Sif

s

vi

m

Uh liiteriil cit'ft iilioiit j{ itH wiillli; lowor Jaw Hliiittin|{ witliiii (henppi^r;
nniflo nf nioiitli nMirhlii^ n vortical iniilwuy bi^twoon front of oyo iind
front (tf pupil; tooth luncooliito, iiciito, witlioiit triino of liaHiil cuHpn; ^il|
opening a narrow Hlit, ontiroly iibovohnHtt of pcctoralH, itn louKtli i diiiuw-
tor of *\vr; <)|>flrcli' ]>ro«liuu)<l |>oHtf)rli>rly iiitu a rmindt'd lolio, whirh omt-
lapn the k'" optuiinu; dink oltloii);, of niodoratn ni/.e, pbiced under tlm
])OHtorior ]tart of houd Itohiiid th» i<yuH, forming, in alroholin KpucinicnH, n
very (loop (Mip-Hliapi'd deproHHion with incurviMl (mI^dh; dianiotor of dink
about (M|UHling thatof uyo; dinlt nupartittid from vont by .) itH ilianiotor;
upp»r pt«ctoral lolte reaching ori^^in of anal flu, tlio rayH of Iow(>r lobit
(dongat<>, rxtouHivuly fine, longi'v tlian upper lolie, and roachin^r to
or nearly to front of anal; intorniediato rays not uh Nbort aa in ('.
rchihardi, hardly forming a Hoparato diviHion of tlio tin, tbt« raya boin^
gradually and uniformly Hhortonod from abov<> <lownward to origin of
lower lobe; pectoral rayH 20; dorHal beginning immediately Itohind the
head; dintnaco from tip of Hiiout to origin of unnl 3i|^ in length; HoriuH ol
0<mHpicuou8 nnn-ouH porra on bead, na in <'. reliiluirdi. Cobir in H])iritH,
duHky, the tip of nnout, under aide of head, opercleS; abdomen, and jioh-
terior portion of vortiral flna blattk; innide of mouth and gill cavity
dnaky; peritoneum black. Cloaoly related to C. rrinhardi, from which il
ditVera principully in the elongation and exHcrtion of the lower pectoral
raya. Theae rxtond in all Hpecinienn to or nearly to tlie origin of the anal
tin, and are always free for the greater part of their length. Length ;{.!
inchea. North i'acitlc, aouth of the Alaakan I'eninnula. ("Named in
honor of Prof. Robert ("ollett, tlie diatinguinht'd author of the l-'iahoa of
the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition.'')

Vareproetttt eolletti, Qujikrt, Ropt. IT. S. IMxh Comm. 1893 (1800), 442, south of the Alaska
Peninaula, at Albatross Station 3338, in 6a j fathoms. (Typo, No. 48008.)

S468. CAREPROCTIJK PIIASMA, fMlbert.

Eye 4 in head, 2 in total interorbital width. J). 53; P. 34. Ilend broad
and Hat above, Hulxiuadrate, with nearly vertical cheeks. Snout very
obtuse, bioa«lly rounded, much blunter than in C. spectrum, very slightly
overlapping the mouth; width of snout IJ in length of head; mouth
very broad, somewhat oblique, reaching vertical slightly behind lY-ont of
eye, its width more than twice the amount of lateral cleft taken axially.
Teeth minute, acute, in a moderate band in eacli Jaw, arranged in obli(|ue
series within the baud. Nostrils opening in a abort but conspicuous tube
(the tube absent and the ])ore smaller in C. apvctnun). Mu(;ouh pores small.
Gill slit Hhort, slightly less than diameter of orbit, its inferior en<l attached
to base of upper pectoral ray, overlapped for almost its entire ext<'nt by
the broadly rounded opercular Hap. Sucking disk coraparativ«'ly large,
much larger than in C. apectriim, 1} times diameter of eye, 3^ in head,
very nearly round, the transverse diameter equaling or slightly exceeding
the hmgitudinal diameter. Vent inimediattdy behind edge of sucking
disk ; anal papilla slender, J as long as diameter of eye. Pector.-il lin very
broad, barely reaching front of anal, the lower rays etjualing the ujiper,

Jordan and FArrmaun. — Fishes of North America. 2133

oxtt'iiHlvtily t'ri'it »t tip; lower luliMof imctoral I'untiiiiihi^ K urUrayH; dorHiil
Ito^iiiiiiii^ lioliiiMl ^ill opuiiiiiK lit a tliHtaiico <M|Uiiliii)( iliiiiiiui«<r of eye.
Hkin rxciMMllii^lv Hot't, tlilok, iiiid lax, in nlcolmlir Hpu«'iiii«iis turiDJn;; t'oUlH
(III hnail anil hotly an*l mnroulin^ tli(< ra,vN of tliu thiH, (,'olor nnilorni wliittt
ill Hpii'itH. Chmoly rolatoil to I'tireprortun hiwdnim, Itoun, from tlio naiiio
ru^i'*'!) ili'I<^i'i')K '■> tl>" iiiiirh lai'f^er Hiiuklii^ iIIhU anil ilio iiarruwiM- ^ill
Mlit, tlio lattor ooiilliied (o area aliuvo basn of itrrtorals, itH anterior mar-
gin fonnuil of tlio liroatUy ami evonly i'onu<li!il oprrrular IoImi. Lvn^tli
3^ iiiclutH. IW'iHtol May, AliiHka, in drup water, (iltdd/iia, a npuctre.)

Oart-jirMtu* jihatma. HU.UKRT, Ke|it. IT.H. FlMliCoiiini. IHtCI (IHim), 44U, Bristol Bay, Alaska,
at Albatrocs Station* 3354 nnd 3356, in 46 and 49 fathomi.

240:1. I AUKI'ltoni S SPKCTKIN, Dean.

Head 4; depth I; oye 3. I). 52; A. 47; ventral disk Hiiiall, jj nn loiif;
ao eyo. Mouth laif^e, tho inaxilla oxtundin); to about ludow the mid-
dle of ityc. Pet'toral reaching to above anal ori)i;iii; dorHal be^iniiinK
over the axil of p«M-tora1. Ctdor along buck of Hoinu exainpl«>H light
brown, elsewhere uniformly palo. Length of type Si',, inchuH. Twenty-
nix HpecimtMiH were obtained, .Inly 31, 188K, iM'twoeu IJnga und Nugai
iHlanda. (Mean.) Garman refciH this Hperiett to the synonymy of Care-
proctus gdat'inoBHH, M'hich is probably not lorreet. {spevtrum, Hpeutro. )

Careproetui tpeetnim, Oean, rrcHi. U. S. Nat. Mim. 18IM), 40, between Unga and Nagai
islands, 55° 10' N., 160° 18' W., at Albatross Station 3848, in no fathoms.

the Alaska

11464. <'AKKI>l(0( TIS KKIMIAUIII (Kiiiyer).

Head lA ; depth 5A ; eye 5 to (J. 1). 54; A. 45; 0. 12; P. 32. Body Homi-
trauHpareut, covered with viHeid skin. Head short and globular. Caudal
fin very Hleuder, Joined to the dorsal and anal; month nearly horizontal;
lower jaw searcely projecting. Ventral disk little larger than eye. Pec-
toral d<'eply einargiuate, nearly as long as head, reaching anal, the lower
rays exserted, appearing as a series of short twisti'd tllanients. Distanee
from ventral disk to vent not more than diameter of eye; head with con-
spiciiouri mucous pores. Color ])ale reddish gray, unmarked. (Collett.)

Mr. Garman adds to this: Hody translucent, jelly-like; skin lax, viscid;
teeth simple; ventral disk very small, situated far forward, almost hidden
by the anterior portions of the jiectorals; vent near the disk, about mid-
way from snout to anal; tail long, slender, tapering to a ]>oint; caudal
continuous with dorsal and anal; fin rays soft, slender; pectorals semicir-
cular, below the head, beginning far in front and close together near the
symphysis of the lower jaw, first H or 10 rays projecting, larger median
portion with short ones, upper elongate; eyes comparatively large, more
than i as long as the head, which latter is i to ^ of the total length. Only
1 pair of nostrils was detected, and they were not prolonged in tubes.
Color pale reddish gray, or whitish; 110 bands or marks. An Arctic, deep-
sea form, descending to 700 fathoms. Known from Greenland, .Ian Mayen,
and Beeren Island. (Named for Professor .T. Keinhardt, of the University of
Copenhagen, who wrote largely on the fauna of Greenland.)

2134 Bulletin //, United States Na^'i'ual Museum.

te'

fi •.

it I, ■ <T

Liparis gclatinoiut, Reinhahdt, OverHijjt, otc, 1844, 77 ; not of Paulas.
LlparxH ((Mreprvctus) rnnhanii, Kriiyor, Nnturli. Tidskr., i, 252, 1862, Greenland.
CareiJioetim reinhanli, CoLLUrr, Nornko Nonl-IIiivs Kxi>ih1., 57, 1880; Jokjjan &. GiLBEET,
Synopsis, 057, 1883; Gaiiiman, Discoboli, 78, 180'J.

3405. CAItEIMtOCTI'K ItAMJLA (Ooudi Jk Konn).

Iload 4 ; depth 6. D. iS:^ ; A. 48::^ ; pectoral 15 + 12 or 13. Bcdy thick,
Hubcyliiidricul anteriorly, rapidly tapering to tho tail; Hkin thick, lax.
Mead swollen at the nape; width little greater than depth, twice that of
disk; length of disk 2^ iiiterorbital width. Snout l)n>ad, about ^ as long
as head; month cleft not readiing a vertical from orbit; upper Jaw the
longer; ej'e lateral, not interfering with i)pj»er profile, about i of head;
nostril near the eye ; from snout to first dorsal ray ^, and from snout to
first anal ray about '^ of length of body; origin of anal below eighth ray
of dorsal; disk slightly longer than its distance from the snout, or thuu
its width. Color uniform, whitish. Off Halifax Harbor, in 52 fathoms.
(Goode and Bean.) Garmau refers this species to tho synonymy of Care-
2>roctu8 rtinhurdi, which m;iy be correct, (ranula, tadpole, diminutive of
rana, frog.)

Liparin ranula, Goouk &, JJkan, I'roc. F. S. Nat. !^[u8. 1879, 46, Halifax ; Jordan &, Gu.-
HKKT, Synopsis, '^42, 1883.

24«6. CAREPEOCTUS OSTENTUM, Gilbert.

The snout is longer and more pointed than in Careprocius phasma or Carc-
proctiia Hpcch'uvi, its width little greater than its length, 2J in head. Mouth
with very distinct lateral cleft, its width less than its length. Maxillary
reaching a vertical line crossing orbit behind pupil, l/'o in head; teeth
minute, in narrow bands, indistinctly tricuspid: eye e«iualing length of
snouf, l.V in total ^\idth of interorbital area. The true bony interorbital
width is much narrower than this. In the specimen examined the oyii-
dermis of the head is Largely lost, and the width of the gill slip can not
be determined. A short nostril tube. Fins as in C. spevtrnm and V.
phasma. Skin loose, thinner than in ('. phuKVia. Color white or slightly
l)rownish, minutelj puuctulate with black. Differing from C. apectrmn in
the minute size of tho Slicking disk, which is reduced to a mere rudiment
entirely concealed by the anterior (lower) lobes of the pectoral fins, about
one millimeter in diamc^tei in a specimen 78 mm. long. Bering Sea, north
of Uualaska Island, in deep water, {ostentum, a spectre.)

Cai-eproctiiv ostejitu 'ii, (xIIJiert, Rojjt. TT. S. Fish Coram. 1893 (1896), 444, Bering Sea, north
of Unalaska Island, at Albatross Stations 3324 and 3331, in 109 and 350 lathoms.
(Type, No. 48019.)

r

2407. ( AUEPKOCTIS OEKATIXOSUS (P.-illas).

D. more than 50; A. about 45; C. (>; ca'ca 48; vertebra^ 64. Verti-
cal fins configuous. Ventral disk small, supported l)y a bilamellated
cartilage, which descends from the throat. Body oblong, compressed,
thicker toward the head and thinner toward the tail, semitrausparent,

land.

( &. GiLUEBT,

lody thick,
thick, hix.
ico that of
t i as long
or jaw the
J of head ;
m snout to
eighth ray
tit, ov thuu
)2 fathoms,
ly of Care-
luinutive of

OKUAN & Gii.-

ama or Carc-
ad. Month
Maxilhiry
lead; teeth
K lengtli of
nteroihitiil
lied the opi-
Islip can not
Inon and C.
or slightly
8})ectnnn in
e rudiuicnt
|l fins, ahout
r yea, north

|ng Sea, north
350 lathoms.

64. Verti-
iilamellated
ponipressed,
Irausparent,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2135

exceedingly soft, like jelly. Head thiek, somewhat depressed. Hat on tlie
vertex, and convcc between the orbits. Eyes directed npward; nostrils
in middle betwotm margin of mouth and orbit, witli a small tubnlar
appendage; a series of pores along upper lip toward gill opening.
Lips thick; cleft of month directed npward, as in I'raiioscopiia, bnt with
the lower jaw less ])rominent; jaws, i)alate, and jtharynx rough with
teetii; l gills on ea(^h side; 7 brauchiosti'gals. (Jill opening rednct^d to
a slit almve base of pectorals. Pectorals large, very broad, commencing
at the throat, the inferior part of tlu ir bases being i)arallel, ascending
to the gill opening, composed of ahont IJO rays, (he inferior very short
and not connected by a membrane. Dorsal and anal lins continnous with
the caudal, commencing a little behind middle of body, and compoH<!d of
feeble rays; jngnlardisk situated between the pe<!torals in front of the
vent, very small, soft, snpporte«l by a bilamellated cartilage which
debdonds from the throat; vent between pectorals; caudal small, 6-raycd.
Kose-colored; vertical tins violei ; gill cavity black. Steller adds the fol-
lowing auatcmiical details: Ovarium orbicular, eontaiuing eggs of the
size of a pea. Liver large, divided into 4 lobes, of a whitish color; gall
bladder absent; spleen triangular, brown; stomach 3 times as wide as
the (esophagus; 48 pyloric appendages, 2 inches long and as tliiik as the
wing feather of a pigeon, in a specimen 18 inches long; remainder of
intestinal tract about as long as the fish; urine bladder the size of a
hazelnut; kidneys united into one cuneit\um niUHs, commencing near the
gills and extending to anterior porti<ni «U ovarium; meter single, very
wide, ilexous, becoming narrower before its iiisiitlon into the bladder.
'rh(» ttertn opHci and ol/actorii have one common ganglion, from which,
first, the former arise, emitting the lattcn- from the angle formed by the
nerves and the ganglion. Skeleton very slightly osseous. (%>ast of Kam-
chatka. Specimens (1 of 18 inches long) were iomul by Steller in Peter
and Patil Harltoi*, Kamchatka. (I'allas.) The spiMJei* has not been recog-
nized by recent writers. Not seen by us. (//(7a/(tto«/(«, jelly-like.)

Gycloplerus gelatinomin, Vallas, H|ii( ilcgiii, vii, 10, 1700, Peter and Paul Harbor, Petro-

paulski Kamchatka. (Coll. StclltT.)
Liparit ijehttimmis, (ii'NTiiiat, Cat., ni, lfi;i, 1801.
Careproctus <jiU(ttino.sun, JouoA.v & (iu.BEUT, SyuopsiH, TIO, 188;i; (Barman, Discoboli, in

Memoir M. C. Z., No. 2, xiv, 76, 1892.

Subgenus ALLOCHIR, Jordiiii \- Evcriniinii.
L»4«s. ('AKKI'lKMTrs MKI. t VI lU S, GillHit.

50; P. 30.

Head 4^ to 4^ in length ; depth 4^- to 4|. 1). about 58 ; A
Head heavy, with vertical cheeks, short bluntly rounded snout, and
very broad. Hat interorbitaJ space. Width of interorbital space slightly
more than i length of head. Mouth very broad, horizontal, with short
lateral cleft, the maxiUary reaching to below middle of eye; width of
mouth equaling length of snout and eye. Teeth short and strong, in nar-
row bands in both jaws; except at sy physi," the teeth of the bands are
arranged in regular series ruuuiug from inner edge of jaw forward and

2136 Ihdlctin ^7, United States National Mnsenm.

Hiduward. Tonjjut' and voof «)f mouth papilloue and toothless. Gill
I'akcrs tuboifulai'. Nostrils siiiglt^, in a very short wid«'. tuhe, which is
nuarer eye than cloft of mouth. Gill opening oblique, entirely above base
of poctorals, the leUf^tli of slit ('(lualing snout and ^ '^yc. A sorites of
(I poreH along under Midi- of mandible and iutoropiTcle; none on pre-
opt>rol«t; 3 abovo prenuixillary, and 2 pairs on snout; no pores along
Bldfe of bo<ly. Hucking disk extremely small, little more than \ diam-
eter of orbit, its center and the ndtblle of pupil equidistant from tip of
snout; disk separated liom vent by a tride less than its own diam-
eter. Pectorals forndng a ctmtinuous lamella, f(dlowing the iimrgin of
gill llap and lower Jaw, tin* 2 fi'is bocomiiig closely approxinuited iu front
of sucking disk ; fiy uol iiofciied, the rays decreasing regularly forward,
8 to 10 of the anterior rays exserted and elongated, tlie anttU'ior 4 ot
5 becoming again shorter and thicker, and wholly I'ree from the mem-
brane; pectorals scarcely reaching front, of anal, j to \ length of lieiid;
dorsal beginning over gill slit, the distance from origin of anal to snoiili,
2i in length; (ins all enveloped in thin lax skin, so that it is impossible
to count rays accurately without dissf^ction; posterior dorial and anal
rays well overlapping base of caudal, their meudna/ics joining nuddio
of cii'idal rays. Color light rose-red on body and fins, abdomen usually
dusky; inner face of pectorals, caudal, i)ostorior portions of dorsal and
anal, and inside of mouth and gill ope.'iings black; peritoueiira silvery,
with more or less black specking, sometimes nearly black. Several
specimens, the longest about G inches long, from Albatross Stations 2840,
28!»1,2H92, 2925, and 3070, iu depths from 178 to 3;}» fathoms off the coast
of California and Oregon. (Gilbert.) (//e'Aa? black; ovpd tail.)

Oareproctun inclaiiurus, Gu.hkht, Proc. T. S. Nat. Mas., 1891, 500, gff cpssj nf California
and Oiegon, at Albatross Stations 2840, 2891. 2892, 3925, and 3076, in ij6 tu 339 fathoms.
(Typo in U. 8. Nat. Mus.)

Subgenus ALLURUS, Jordan Jt Evorniann.

3401). ( AIIKPKOCTIJS E(TF,>ES. (iilbert.

Head ^ in total length, its (jcjilh |, and its Avi(l|)) J its length. An ex-
tremely elongate form, dc^pressed hut narrow anteiiot|y, the head as seen
from above appearing shovel-shaped, with tiuncate snout; nape not
elevated and the cheeks not gibbous; width ;uiteriorly everywhere ex-
ceeding <lepth ; mouth inferior and transvi iNe, overlani)eil by the short,
depressed snout for a distance eciualing dianuiter of pupil; width of
mouth nearly twice distance from symphysis of lower Jaw to angle of
mouth, the latter reaching ve:tical from snout to front of jtujdl. Teeth
small, W(!akly tricuspid, in narrow hands, lower jaw containing 10 series
in each half, the upper 11. Eye large IJ in total iiiterorhital width,
ei^ualing length of snout, 3^ in h<'ad. 'los^irils with a very short tubular
rim. Mucous pores large; texture of head and l)0(|y lirtiier than in most
deep-sea Liparids. Gill opening reduced to a nartow slit oiitirely ahovtt
the pectorals, its width e(|ualing h diameter of orbit. Opefcle produced
into a narrow spinous process, forming, with its membranaceous flap, a

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2137

quudrutr projectiun over iiiitUUe Hiit. DIhU small, under tln' opcrclnH and
posterior part of checks, round in shape, sli^ihtly smaller than ey»', its
diameter i length of hond; vent sepurated from disk by about \ diauu-tor
of disk. Distance from vent to front of anal \ its distance fr)in tip •)f
suout. Body extremely slender, its depth at middle of total length eciiiul-
ing diameter of eyo, at base of caudal eijiialiug ji diameter of pupil. Dor-
sal beginning slightly behind axil of pectorals; distance from origin of
anal to ti|) of snout \, its distance from base of caudal; upper lobe of pec-
toral extending slightly past front of aual, the lower lobe to opposite the
vent; rays of lower lobe partly Uv&\ dorsal with about HI rays, pectorals
with U!). Color nearly uniform dusky brownish, lighter on snout, belly,
and under sid<' of head; iiKUith, gill cavity and perit(uieura white.
Length ;j inches. Bering Sea north of Tnalaska Island, in deep water.
{ifcr8i'i'/f, drawn out.)

Oan'proclii.s eetenes, (Ui.iikut, Kept. II. S. Kisb Cdiiiih. J893 (1896), 442, Bering Sea north
of Unalaska Island, at Albatross Station 3331, in 350 fathoms.

788. GYRINICHTHYS, (filbert.

Ojiriniehtliiis, (ill.IlERT, Kept. U. S. Fish Coiimi. 1803 (1896), 444 (inini/trciinig).

Teeth simple, not tricuspid. Hody attenuate posteriorly, as in J'<tr<ilip-
<iri8, the tail scarcely distinct. Disk small, under the ])<)steri<u' part of
the head, th<' vent immediately behind it. Pectorals without^ anterior
lobe, the rays progressively shortened, none of them cxserted or with free
tips. (Jill openings reduced to a minute round poie, well above base of
pectorals. One species known, (^^j'/j/ro?, tadpole; /^Ot'j, fish.)

2470. GIBIMC HfllY.S MIXYTBEMl S, (Jilhirt.

Body in the type greatly distended with eggs, the original shape ditVicult
to ascertain, iiii)»ering ]»osterioiiy into an extremely slender, coiiipicssed
tail. Head slender, not greatly depressed, the depth and width abo^/
equal. Nuehal region not elevated, the profile rising but little behind the
snout, svl/leh is blunt, with almost verticil piolile. Mouth very snuiil,
almost entirely tri nsverso at m\d of snout, with but littlelater.il cleft, the
angle of mouth scarcely reacliii.g vertical from nostril; jaws even, the
snout very slightly iirolriiding beyond premax ilia lies. Teeili slender,
aeicular, without cusps, the inner teeth longest; bands of teeth very
narrow, with but 5 or fl ob]i(|iie serie.** jfl /&flc)> halJf hf each Jaw; the
teeth directed backward, but scarcely (lepressi(;le, Nostrils without
tube. Kye large, lA in total inten.bital wWMh, cqut</|//// length /ff
snont. Gill opening a small pore, scarcely larger than nostril, wfcll napif
latedfrom upper margin of pectoral. Disk of moderate size, round, its
diameter equaling A length of bead; vent close behind disk, separated
fmni il i»y l, its olitance from front of anal tin. I'ectoral small, its iijqjer
<dgH on a lesel with lower nnirgin of eye, the 2 fins ((uix erging under the
throat, the anterior rays progre. sively shortened, all included within
the membrane ; dorsal without any detached anterior portion, bigiiming
well behind the head, at a distance from gill opening e(£ualing h length of
3030 57

2138 BiiUi'tin //, United States National Museum.

■M

lina«l; like tlio anal, it is continnous with the very narrow cnudal I'm,
tlieiv being no uotcli or evident separation between tboni; distance from
tip of Huout to front <»f anal \i in distance of latter from base of caudal;
dornal with about 45 rays; caudal with a very narrow base, containing,
a|)parently, 11 rays, its length equaling that of snout and eye. Color light
brownish, everywhere dusted with niinut(« bhu k specks, which are largest
on back an<l tail; lining of mouth and gill cavity and peritoneum white.
Eggs large, visible through the abdominal wall, about 3i nun. in diameter.
L(!ngth 'i inches. Hering Soa, north of Unalaska Inland, in ;{50 fathoms;
only the type known, {niupoi, reduced; rpiintx, aperture.)

Oyrinichthiis minytremug, Gilbert, Kept. U. 8. Comm. 1803 (1896), 444, Bering Sea, north
of Unalaska Island, at Albatross Station 3331, in 350 fathoms. (Type, No. 48017.)

789. AMITRA, Ooode.

m

Amitra, Goode, Troc. V. S. Nat. Miis. 1880, 478 (liparina).

Monomilra, UoouE, Proc. l'. S. Nat. Mim. 1883, 109 (liparina) ; name changed on accouutof
the prior use of (ho name Amitrun.

Body elongjite, attenuate backward, covered with lax, smooth, slimy
skin, whiili is separated from the body and tins by a tilmy mucous iiiter-
tisaue. Head sm.ill, thick, convex between eyes; snout convex, protrud-
ing; mouth snuill, horizontal, the lower jaw included; teath small; eyes
lateral ; gill opi'uings restricted to small slits above the base of the pecto-
riils, covered by the very small ojiercle; psoudobranchisu present, very
small, no barbels; dorsal and anal tins many-rayed; dorsal continuous,
almost concealed by the skin, the spines scarcely diftercnt from the soft
rays; anal similar to dorsal; both connected with the caudal, which is
jiointed; no trace of ventral tins or sucking disk; pectoral fin very broad,
procurrent, its lower rays inserted nearly under the eye, the tin emargi-
nate; vent well behind head. This genus is of very doubtful value, the
presence of joeudobrancliiai alone separating it from Paraliparis.^ (d,
without; /lirpa, stcmiacher.)

2471. AillITU.4 LlPAllINA, (!o(«lt".

D. 67; A. 54; pectoral UH; caudal (5. Body elongate, compressed pos
teriorly, very thin at the tail, covered by a thick, lax, slimy skin.
Head small, thick, convex between the eyes, length 4<t times in width, ^^|

*The iollowing word.s of Profoasor Putnam, writtei' before tht discovery of Pgjfchio-
luti's iiml Liparididce witiiout ventral disk, are of interest in t: 's eounectioii: "I HbouM
l)ut the laniily of O'hiegocidce fur away, at hast a. .snhorder off, from the Cycloptfridce anil
Lipandidce. whlclt are far more elosely united to the true Cotticla; rupreseiited by Cottrt
and Hi'mitvipterui, than to eitiier tlie Gobiegocida; ])roper or to the (Jobies .and lilenuies.
In fact, Liparis lias as close attinitic.i, as shown liy its skeleton, with Coltiin and Ilemi-
tripterus as with Cycloplenin; and we have in the three {groups, represented by ('oltus,
Liparis, .-lud Ci/clopterus, well-marked families of thoname suborder. The only charai'tiT
by which the Ci/rlnpteridce ami ii>«W(/id«; are closidy united consists in the i>e*'ruliar form-
ation of the venti'.il disk by the union of the vcutral'liuH; but as this structure is simply
brought about by the moditication of the rays iu a nuinncr common to the several genera,
and not l)y any nuirkcd anatomical ditlcrence in the structure of the same fins in Cottut,
I can only look upon it as a generic character common to the known representatives of
both families of ('yeliyptiTtdm and TAparididm; and the discovery of a representative of
either family with ventral fins of the ordinary form would not necessitate the establish-
ment of a family Cor its reception, as in that case we should Hiiui)ly consider the structure
as of generic value." (Putnam, Proc. Aiu. Ass. Adv. Sci. 1873, 337.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2139

amlal tin,
;ance from
Df ciuuliil;
ontaininp,
Jolor liglit
arc largest
Dum wliito.
II diameter.
.0 fatUoms ;

ig Sea, north
,, No. 48017.)

I on account of

lootU, slimy
ncoUH inter-
ex, protnid-
Hiniill; eyes
of the pet'to-
irt'sent, very
1 continuous,
from the soft
Lai, whicli is
I very broad,
J lin emar gi-
ll value, tlie

1 pressed pos
slimy slviii.
|iu width, ./i,

pry of Pnychro-
iioii: "I Khould
l/cloptfridte iHitl
tilted by Cottit
Y Jiuil l^leiiuies.
|«i(» and lli'ini-
lited by ColtUK.
Jiouly cliariK'tcr
It^peAuliarforni-
Icturc is simply
Iseveviil genera,
\ tins in VotUit,
Jjresentatives of
Ipresentiitive of
Ih tlie establish-
Isrtlie structure

of the total length without caudal; snout convex, protruding; mouth
under the snout and far back from its tip; eyes lateral, i as wide aa the
intcrorbital area; nostrils in front of the eye. Operculum very small,
Htrap-shapcd. Gills 3i. Pseudol)rauchiiii present. Teeth weak, paved.
Dorsal beginning over end of pectoral, the rays and outline, as of the
an.al, hardly visible through the skin: anal beginning below eighth to
tenth dorsal rays; dorsal and anal rays closely connected with those of
caudal, which are larger and extend in a pencil-like point; ventrals
absent; pi^ctoral broad, lower base almost below posterior margin of
orbit, lowt'st 0 rays prolonged. The jugular disk can not be found. Color
yellowish white, dusky toward the tail and Idackish upon the anterior
part of the head; abdominal cavity showing black through the skin.
Length 5 inches. Atlantic Ocean, oft' lihode Island, in 487 fathoms.
(Goode.) (liparina, like Liparis.)

Amitra liparina, Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mna. 1880, 487, off Rhode Island (Type, No.

26184. Coll. Fiish Hawk) ; JuHDAN &. Gilhebt, Synopsis, 739, 1883.
Monomitra liparina, Goodk, I'roc. II. 8. Nat. Mus. 1883, 109.
Varaliparis liparinut, (!15nther, Challenger, lieport, xxn, Deep-sea Fishes, 08, 1887 ; Gak-

MAN, Discoboli, .12, 1892; GoouE & Uean, Occuuic Ichthyology, 278, 1896.

790. PARALIPARIS, Collett.

Paraliparis, Collett, Viil. Selsk. Forh. Christiana, 14, 32, 1878 (batht/bii).
Hiljiendorjia, GooiiK &, Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 280, 1890 (ineinbranacea).
Amitrichthiji, Jordan & Evebmann, Check-List, 453, 1890 {cephalufi).

This genus differs from Carcprnctiia chiefly in the total absence of the
ventral disk. The teeth, so far as described, are simple, as in the older
individuals of CareproctuH. Body long, slender in the caudal portion,
covered with a loose, thin skin. Vent remote from the anal. Pecto-
rals deeply notched or divided. Dorsal and anal long, and confluent
with the caudal. Vertebra' numerous. Gill rakers 3^. Pseudobranchia^
entirely wanting. Deep-sea fishes of the Arctic. The sjiecies are all of
very recent discovery. They vary considerably ;anong themselves, and
are perhaps divisible into 2 or 3 genera. Among snch degenerate forms,
the characters usually taken as generic lose their value. {TttXfjd, near;

a. Insertion of pectoral low, its upper ray below the level of the eye.

PARALU'AHIS:

b. Gill openings rather large, the gill slit extending downward to opposite middle
of pectoral; head large, .5 in length ; depth 0. D.liO; A. Si; pectoral divided
to tlie base, its lobes wholly separaiu, its rays 24; lower jaw included.

holojielas, 2472.
Amitbichtuvs (a, without; iMiTpa, stomacher; ix9v^, lish.):
bb. Gill openings restricted ♦" ilie region above pectorals.

c. Head very large 1 m length, its deptli at occiput 4J iu length, twice
depth / body at front of anal; lower jaw prejecting; pectoral rays 14,
the lin simply notelied. cephalus, 2473.

cc. Head rather small, 5 to fi.J in length.

d. I'cetoral lin divided to tin? base, its lobes Hejinrate; lower jaw in-
cluded; head 5^ iu length; depth i^. KOSACEUS, 2474.

2140

Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

dd. I'nctoral li Miiiro or Icsh dcoply iiotrlicd, not divlrtcd to bnae.

«. Luwttr .|,i\v |ii'«Jc'i'tiiig. P. lU; D. 57; A. 43; head 5} iiilrn(;th;
depth 5}. MENXO, 2475.

ee. LowtTJiiw iiicliidod.

/. I'e.toriil la.vH ai; head flj in length; depth 0. D.65;

A . 55. COPKI, 2470.

//. rectoral rays 30; liead 5 in lonptli; dtiptli 6.1. I). 5(1;

A. 46. iJACTVLosra, '.2477.

HlI.OKNI)OnFIA:*

aa. liiMcrtion of pectoral vory higii, ita upper rays above pupil; lower Jaw Included;
pectoral flu notclied; yill opening small; head 5; depth 5. I). 65; A. 60;
r. 25. ULOcmu,2478.

b'r •

Subgenus PARALIPARIS, Collott.
2472. PAIlALIlMltIS HOLO-VKLAS, Gilbert.

Head about . "5; depth about 6; eye 3|. I). 58 to 61; A. 54. Head very
large and heavy, with very broadly rounded snout, and much swollen
occi])ital and nuchal regions, the highest point ovvv uppca operrnlur
auglo, from which point the profile descends lapidly backward, tliongh
much less so tlian in P. ccplialiis. Snout very blunt, evenly rounded, vi-ry
slightly projecting beyond the mouth, its width equaling length of snout
and eye, .} lengtli of head; eye jj interorbital width; mouth large,
horizontal, quite at lower side of Huout, entirely Ix low the eye; max-
illary reaching a vertical slightly behind ]>osterior margin of orbit, IJ in
head; teeth acute, arranged in (d)li(iue series in each Jaw, forming a very
narrow band in niandil)le, a broader band in upper jaw; very large
mucous slits on head, 5 Ibrniing a series from tip of snout below eye and
across cheek, 6 .along mandibh' and i)re<>percle; gill slit wide, extending
from above oporoilar Hap nearly to middle of base of pectorals, its length
2i in that of head; opercle forming posteriorly a iiiirrow angular ilap,
projecting above base of pectonils; no psendobraiichiic ; vent below oper-
cular ilap, or somewhat in advance of that point, nearer to l>ase of pec-
torals .luleriorly than to first anal ray; pectorals inserted very low, the
base of upi)er lobe vertical, the base of notch and lower lolie horizontal,
the upper end of base below the level of the eye; pectorals with 2 wholly
distinct lobes, the intersp;ice without free membranaceous margin, the skin
of abdomen directly continuous at this point with that ol' shoulder girdle.
On dissecting off the integument, however, the interspace between the
lobes is seen to be provided with 2 or '^ short, widely spaced rays, as in
all other ,spe<ies examined by us; upper lobe long, reaching beyond front
of anal, the rays close set, 18 in nuinlter, included in the membranes to
their tips; lower lobe ccmsisting of ;"> or 6 slender, almost Hlamentous
rays, the longest reaching front of anal, all of them free to the base,
without connecting membrane; anterior (lower) ends of shoulder girdle
ajjproximate, the rays se])arated by a distanct^ ecjualing A diameter of
pupil; dorsal beginning above base of pectorals. (!olor uniformly black,
including tins and lining of mouth and gill cavity. Closely allied to P.

* Named for Dr. Franz Uilgendorf. itithyologist of the Universitj of Berlin.

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2141

< I ))lialiiH ami I', mnito, dil)'i>riiif{ in itH iinifonii coloration, its inoro inlVri-
«rly ]>liio(!(l liori/oiitiil iiumth, iiikI tins distiiu-tly iiicliulrd lower Jiiw.
Length 4 inolu's. ISeiiiig Sen, north of rnaliisk.i Lsliind, in (h'ci) water;
only 2 HiUM-iuienH known. ((Jilbert.) (('>Ao?, entirely; //f'Ari;?, black.)

I'araUparin hnlnmelat, Gn.ni'.iiT, Kept. V. S. FIhIi rdinm. 180.T (ISitfl), 441, Bering Sea, north
of Unalaska Island, at Albatross Stations 3308 and 333a, in 406 and 1,635 fathoms.
(Type, N(>.48m7.)

Subgenus AMITRICHTHYS, .Tonluii A- Kvcniimm.
!!47». IMKAIJI'AltlS IKIMIAMN,* (lilhert.

Head very larjjo, hish, and eoniprosscd, the ii^pt^r proHlo descending in
a Rtrong convex cnrvo behind the occiput; body tii])ering posteriorly to a
very narrow thread-liko tail. Sides of head V(uticalor inclining inwards
beb»w. Height of head twice heiglit of body oppositts origin of anal.
Interorbital space transversely ronndod, its width slightly less than
h'ngtU of snout and eye. Ey»' of moderate size, 4 in head, without verti-
cal range. Mouth obli(iue, the preinaxillaries but little below lower
margin of eye; lower jaw longer than iipjter, the tip protruding; max-
illary reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye, slightly more than
length of head. Gill slits narrow, confined to a region above the base of
the ])cctoTalH; membrane connecting branchiostegal rays with shoulder
girdle yory didicatoaud easily ruptured; vent distant less th.-in a diameter
of the orbit from this point, being below the front margin of the preo-
percle. Teeth in narrow bands in both Jaws, the teeth of the bands
arranged in ol)li(|ue series running outward and forward; palate tooth-
less. Ht^ad il in length, greatest depth (at occiput) 4J. Pectoral small,
with about 14 rays, the upper ones closest and forniiiig a projecting lobe,
which extends backwards to beyond origin of anal, the siicceeding rays
shortened ajul wide set, and with the tips free from the membrane, the
fin somewhat mutilated, but apparently notched, not, however, to the
base, the median portion having wide-set rays; upper margin of pec-
torals on a level with tip of lower jaw; dorsal beginning slightly behind
head; first ray of anal under eighth of dorsal, ('(dor light reddish, the
abdomen blue black; inside of mouth and gill opening white. In the
smallest 8])ecimenH, 2 inches long, the color is dusky on head and body,
and on inside of mouth. Longest specimen 3| inches. This species dif-
fers from raraJipaiis (Ffihinidorjia) mimhranaccits in the structure of the
pectoral fins and their iniich fewer rays, in the position of the vent (below
the jtosterior margin of the orbit in memhranaceus), the dift'erent outline of
head, and in the larger, more oblique mouth. In none of the specimens
of eephaliis are there iln folds extending forward from front of dors.il and
anal, as described in vicmhranaceiiH. Alaska to California, in deep water;

* Dr. Gilbort later records several morn or less mutilated speeimens aftorwarda taken
north of Uiiiilaska I^tlaud, and near Point ItevcH, Calit'ornia, in dcptiis of Sni iinil iCto
fatlioniH. In tliis Hpecics the i)ectoral is inserted very low, its upper edge I'ntirch lielow
thi' eye. Tlio lower jaw sliuts wltliin the npjier, but rhe syni]>hysi8 protrudes. I'lic dis-
proportion in size of head and hodyis more exa<rtlt"rated in the yoniijj than in adults. In
very Binall exuinples the lioiid is almost s)>tierical, diniiui.-ihiug abruptly to the very
HtoBiterttiil. No pseudobranchitti. ^Gilbert.)

2142 BnUcthi //, T'^iiifrd Slafcs National I\fHsfum.

Hflvpral Hpfit'iini'iiH in 2SI to 6^5 fiit)iniiiH off \\w count of Oiilitbriiiii and
Oro^oii, ami north of ITnaluskii. {HFiSix\i}, hoa<1.)

I'ariilipiiri» ci-iihalnn, (iii.iiEiiT. I'rix-. V. H. Nat. Mim. IHOl, riOl. ofT California «nd Oregon,
at Albatross Stations 3839, 'Sga, 3070, and 3071, in 384 to 685 fathoms.

1*

2474. rAUAUPAIUM KOSAt'KllS.dilhcrt.

Il<»ii(l sninll, oji ; depth I'i. 1). 58; A. 53. Fiody slentlfr, roverrd witli
lax Hkiii, whith invcMtsalHo tlio IImh; mouth triinHvtTHc, m-arly horizontal,
the maxillary Ncarrdy vtMtical from front of pupil, (U|ualin)i^ length of
Huout, :{| in hoad; ryv i intnrorhital width, 5 in h<>ad. Toeth in lo\v<n-
jaw pointtMl, in a Hin<>ii^ clom^-Hct HcricH, their even ti])H forndn^j; an almost
unil'orm cuttinf; ctljjf; teeth in npjx'r.jaw a|)parontIy ])aved. the jaw pre-
Hcntin^ a Hmooth, rounded Hurface, on which the treth are little evident,
but occaHionally prcHcntinjj sharp, projecting points; lower Jaw included.
A scries of conHpicuons mucouH ])()rcs on snout, nuindildo, and on ])reoper-
cle. Gill opening a narrow slit above base of peetovulH. Pectoral tin
divided into 2 wholly distinct lobes not connected by intervening rays,
a space without rays pr<'Hont, equaling diameter of pupil; lowi-r lolie (»f
4 rays, the longest H head, inserted under preopercular margin ; main por-
ti<m of the tin with about 1,5 rays and but slightly long«'r than the lower
lobe; dorsal beginning behind middle of pectorals, its tlistance from tip
of snout 4,'; in length; distance of origin of anal from tip of snout o(|ual-
ing i standard length; vent under base of upper pectoral rays, l)nt wholly
behind base of lower lobe of pectorals, its distance from tip of snout
e(|ualing length of head and equaling also its distance from origin of anal ;
no trace of ventral disk or tins. Color light rose-red, the tins and h«'ad
largely. Jot black; abdomen behind vent blackish ; peritoneum and lining
membranes of mouth and gill cavity Jet-black. Length 5J inches. Off
coast of Southern California. {roHiiceua, rosy.)

I'aralipnrit rotaeeus, fiU.nEiiT, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mu.s. 1800, Oil, off coast of California at
Albatross Station, 3919, 984 fathoms; Gahman, Diacuboli, 80, 1892.

2475. PAItALIPARIS MEMO, Gilbert.

Head .5J in length without caudal, equaling the greatest depth. D.
.57; A. 43; pectoral 16. P^ye a tritle less than interorbital width, greater
than snout, 'ii in head; month oblique, with lateral cleft, the maxillary
renching slightly beyond the middle of the orbit, .V as long as the head;
chin very prominent, the mapdible with a wide, membranaceous border,
which forms anteriorly a broad free fold over anterior portion of base
of pectorals. Teeth in both Jaws comparatively long and sb-nder, not
tricnsjtid, arranged in bands, those in upper Jaw at least in obli<iue rows
as usual in Liparids. Nostril with a single opening and without tube.
Gill opening but little wider than diameter of eye, confined to region
above base of pectcnals. Pectorals inserted very low, their upper rays
beloM' level of angle of mouth, thci base almost horizontal, and the ante-
rior ends of shoulder girdle form pronunent projections below tips of
mandibles, tin very deeply notched, the upper lobe extending slightly

Jordan and F.iennanu. — Fishes of North Amcriux. 2143

buyoixl origin of niiiil, the HhurtuHt middlo ray nlioiit \ that l<*nKth; a few
of tlie lower riiyH vloii(;iito iiiiil partly frer t'roiii thtt iiu'iiihruno, tlin lon;;«!Ht
eqiiuliii^ tilt) Ifii^th of lliu iii)|>«;r lohi;; initldlu jioctoral iiiyN widt^ st't, luit
no ruylcHH intcrviil iM'twcuii the IoIich; pcrtunilH converKiiig to iiMint-di-
diiitely Ituhiiid HyinpliyNiH of lowur Jiiw, wliuru their hii.ses meet; anal
op«iiin;r v(-rti(Milly holuw iiiiddUtof orbit; dorHiil bc^iuiiiiig a tritlu bohiud
the upper angle of i>;ill opcniii;;, the anal oi'i;;iii iindtT itM righth lay.
Kkin loosely inveHtiiig the hiad and Itody. I.i;;ht redtlish, made diiHky
by minute dark dota; alidoinen blue black; mouth uud gill cavity light
or diiHky. CloHely allied to Varnliium» ( IlUgriidoriio) memhvaimcviiH ({jilin-
ther), but with very hi^avy lower Jaw, whi(!h projeetn beyond the up])er.
The ])remaxillarieH are high, on the level of the low<>r riui of the orbit,
and the form Ih niu< h more elongate. The pectoralH are inserted much
lower, and the vent is farther forward. Length |{| inches. <)IV the coast
of Oregon in deep watt-r. ((iilbert.) {meiilu, having a projecting chin.)

J'araliparin mento, Un.iiBitT, I'roc. U. S. Nut. Miia. 1801, 502, off Coast of Oregon at Alba-
tross Station 3071, in 685 fathoms.

2470. VARAIIPAKIS 4'0I>RI, (Inoile & Bonn.

Head ()J; depth about (5; snout HA; eye 3A. 1). fit); A. Vm; pectoral
17 -f- 3; caudal 10. Snout broad, obtuse; interorbitnl Avidtb e(|naling
length of posterior jtart of head; nostril about midway l»etween eye and
tip of anout, in a very short tube. Five large mncons pores on each
aide of snout, 3 smaller ones on cheek under eye, and (i on mandible
and edge of opercnlar bones. Teeth minute, villiform, and in 2
series, (iill opening a very snuill slit, edged with black at upjter angle of
pectoral. Origin of dorsal distant from snout \k times length of head;
tij) of pectoral whi'U extendud about under second or tliird ray of dorsal;
anal origin under ninth or tenth dorsal ray; length of middle caudal
ray 10^^ times in standard length; longest pectoral ray 0([ualiiig i dis-
tance from Buout to dorsal; longest ray of the isolated portion of the tin
equaling that of middle caudal ray; distance of vent from ti)) of snout
nearly e([ual to length of head; vent a narrow slit ])lace(l horizontally,
directly under base of i)ectoral. Pyhu'io ca-ca 1 to 6. Color, anterior half
of body very pale, whitish; posterior half very light brown; snout, chin,
and edge of gill opening and region about the vent black. This species
has nearly the same number of rays in the dorsal and anal as are recorded
for I'. hathifhiuH, but the pectoral has 17 rays in tiie upper ])ortion and 3
in the lower. The. jaws are shorter than in J', hatlnjhiits; the form is more
elongate and thocidoratimi is strikingly different, anterior half of the body
pale, almost whitish, while the snout, chin, and anal origin are black.
Length about 8 inches. The ^g'A^ of an example a little smaller than the
type have a diameter of about 3 mm. At the same time the ovaries con-
tain some eggs, which have not reached maturity, whose diameter is only
}mm. The stomach is a stout subspherical receptacle, its greatest width
f of its length. Gulf Stream, in deep water. (Named for Prof. Edward
Drinker (Jope.)

2141

liuUctiu ./7, I'uitcd States Natioual }fuscnm.

I'ltinliiiiiiiMiiiiiri, Uooiii: \ Kkan, Oconnir IchthyoloKy, 271). llf{.2S:i, IHtm, Oulf Stream, it
AlbatroHH Station aasa, in 39" la' 17" N., 7a 9' 30" W., in jao fathuniH, (Typt*. No.

:i6n:i7,)

lM;:. I'AKAIJIMItlK DUTYI.OsrN. ()llb«<rt.

i

; r ;

Ilivtd 5; (h'ptli (il. I>. iihoiit ftti; A.iiltoiit lli. Sliiipo of lieiid iinicli the
Hiiiiic iiH in /'. iilochir, tht^ Hiiuiit hnxully roiiiulrr, Hli^rhtly, if at nil, ov<-r-
1ii|))»in;;; tii*> liori/oiital inoiith. and tlic clicvkH vortiral. Occipiil and napit
not «;(iiiH])i('iiously Hwoilun. l.nwer jtiw InchHlril; niaxiiliiry n-iuliin^
vortical behind niiddl«^ of |>ii]ii1, 'J'i in li*>ad. Kyo lar^^o, ',\ in li<-ad; liony
int< rorbita! H])a<'o 5; Hnout Ij. (iiil opMiiin;;; a narrow nlit cxtcndinf; to
o|)po.sitt> third or fourth ])i'rtoral ray, itH liiif^th r(|iialinf{ dianiftrr of
]iiipil. Tcetli acute, in narrow hands in each Jaw, each haiul nuido np
of uhliqtio rowH. Ojicrcln produced into a pointed ltd)e, which in scjia-
rated from ni)pcr pi;(;toral ray by a diNtancc c((ualin}j; diameter of pupil.
Dorsal hoj^iiiniu}? Hlij^htiy hehiiid upper base of pectouilH; itectonJs
iuHcrted lower than in /', iilochir, the upi)or ray »m a level with or below
niar;rin of |»iipil; a.s in /'. uloihir, the 2 lobes JoiutMl l>y a Herics of aliont
8 more widely Hpaced raj's, n«me of the rays is free; anterior ends of the
llu8 meeting under throat at a point v(>rtically l»elovv the pujdl; pec-
toral rays IJO, of which about 10 eoiistitnto the lower lobe; upper rays
extending beyond front of anal, but the lower bdte apparently much
shorter. Vent antiTlor in jiosition, its distance from pectoral symidiysis
J its distance from front of anal. Kach of the typcH has lost the epider-
mis. In this condition tin- head and body ar«i light or slightly duslxy,
except the eyes, ojiercles, gill menibr.'incH. and abdomen, which are black;
gill cavity and mouth black; probably black everywhere in life. Very
close to /'. Iilochir, but with the u])per insertion of pectoral much lower,
opposite the lower margin of i)upil, and the head and body much more
slender and elongate. Length about H| inches. otV Santa Cruz, Cali-
fornia, in deep water, {dactylosim, ddHrvXae, lingered.)

raraliparii dnctylomn, GiliiBUT, Uo])t. ('. S. Fish Corom. 1803 (189G),4C0, pi. 34, fig. 2, off
Santa Cruz, California, at Albatross Station 311a, in 396 fathoms.

Subgenus HILGENDORFIA,* Gooilo A- Bean.
2478. PABALIPARIS 1JL0(!IIIR, r,ill).rt.

Head about 5 in length, e(|ualing the dei>th. D. about 65; A. about GO.
Snont broad and short, very slightly projecting beyond the mouth, the

* Tlio Rabgemm JTilgendorfia, Gi>odo & Bean, Is tluin defined: " Lipnrids with large,
liigh, coinpres.si'd heiul, whose hoiien are excct'diunly tliin, cavernous .jaws, even in I'roiit.
Vortical tins roi)rc8i'nted by broad nii'dian folds, contiucnt at tlic i)oHterior end of tin; body,
where the caudal is re|ircsented l)y 2 or 3 excuedinKly fine, slender, terminal tilnnientH.
Pectoral very large, broad based, with membranes fringed posteriorly and iiaving several
of the lower rays free, tliougii not forming a distinct portion of tlio fin. 'So ventral disk.
Vent far advanced, o))posite hind margin of orbit. Gill optming as in Amitra. The type
de8eril)ed by Giintheris only CO mm. in length, and he remarks conrerning it that ft is
uncertain whether it represent.s a form in which omliryonic characters are persistent, or
merely an early stage of development. Ifs peculiarities seem siiflicieat to warrant its
being set apart for lurthor study before it is merged with ruraliparU. It is named for
Dr. Franz Ililgeudorf, of the liuyal Zuoluuiual Museum, Berlin." (Oceanic Ichthyology,
280, 1806.)

Jordan and Evcriuann, — Fishts of North Amrrim, 2145

(liHtaiii'ti from tip of Hiioiit to front of oyo 1.) iti loiij^Mi of IiimkI. K,v<- lurK««,
H to ;)| ill heiMl, murly twir« tli<> hoiiy intoroihitiil width. Ditlurinj;
from otlior Parillc N|i(U'i«H in th*- \\\%\\ itiHtutioii of tlitt pectoriilH un<l tlioir
Nhoit liuri/ontal liiiili, ;iiiil from I'. ImlDmehiM in having tlii> lin.H not dividtMl
into L' H(tpHrii)i> IoIx^k. In ^tMitTiil appftiranco i^rttiitly reH*>iiil)liiiK I'.hohi-
mrlttB, ItoiiiK aiNo nniroriiily I>laul< in color, liavin); tlio Hamo broadly
roiMulctl Hnont, liori/oiital mouth with indiKled 1ow<m' Jaw, and proniint-nt
o<!iipital and nuchal roj^loii. The maxillary reaihcH vertical jtiNt liohiiid
pn])il and itt oiintaiu<Ml '.'i',, timoH in lit>ad. Tooth at-ntc, in rather luoad
liantls in Itoth jiiwo. (iill opining a narrow nlit, r*>Htrioted to area abovo
liaHo of p(>(*roral, not longer than dianiotur of pupil. ()p(«r<'li> forming; a
Hhort, pnintod lol>e juiHtoiiorly, which toucheH hano of n|>por pectoral ray.
Tho hoad Ih denndtMl of hUmi, ho the natnro of the niiiooim pores can not
h(^ made out. hoiHal he^iiiniii); ahovo upper liase of pcotoraln; pectoral
placed higher than in any other Hptn:ieH known, its base deHcribinf; a
);nntle, «ven curve, convex backward, horizontal for a very Hhort diHtanco
anteriorly, it« upper end al)ove level of |Mi))il, and its lower anterior
end vorti<ally bolow po.storior niarjjin of orbit; npper and lower rays of
the lin fine ami crowded, the middle third of the base beiufr occupied by
4 or 5 more widely spaced rays; the (in with 25 rays, of which J> belong; to
the lower h)l>e; upper lobe cxtcmlin;; beyond origin of anal (in; none of
th(» rayH (fee; lower anterior euils of pectorals closely a|)pr(iviinated,
without perceptible intersjiace. V%'nt anterior in position, a distinct,
though short, anal papilla. Distance from vent to anterior end of pecto-
ral base j^ its distance from front of anal. Lonj^est spcciimtn 8r» nun.
rniformly black, includiiifx mouth and branchial cavity, (iulf of ('ali-
fornia and Heriuji Sea north of I'nalaska Island, in deep water. (ou\6?,
complete; ^/?i'/j, hand.)

I'araliparin ulm-liir, (In.itKiiT, Uc\)t. I' S. Fish. Coiiini. 1803(1806), 441, Gulf of California, at
Albatross Station 3010, in 1,005 fathoms.

791. RHINOLIPARIS. (iilbort.

lihinoliparis, Gn.nERT, Kept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1806), 145 (harbuUfer).

Allied to Paral'iparia, from which it ditfers in the gently produced snout,
which much overlai>s the mouth, and bears at its tip a pair of barbels.
No sucking disk. Vent anterior, between the pectoral tins; pectorals
deeply notched, continuous; gill openings narrow, mostly a)»ove the pec-
torals. Teeth acute, in a broad band in each Jaw, arranged in obli(iue
series within the band. Deep sea. {pit', snout; lAparia.)

2470. BIIINOLHMRIS UAllUULIFKlt, Gilbert.

Head 5f ; depth 7 ; eye nearly 3. .Slender, compressed, the greatest depth
just in front of dorsal, the nuchal region not greatly swollen. Body
tapering into an extremely slender, almost filamentous, tail. Mouth small,
horizontal, inferior, overpassed by the broadly rounded, very soft snout
for a distance equaling diameter of pupil. At the tip of the snout,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

111.25

m m

m

Ki
u

14.0

hi
2.0

Hiotograidiic

Sdenoes

Corporation

%^

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^

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V

23 WIST MAIN STRSET

WIBSTER,N.Y. )4SM

(716)S72-4503

o^

■nwnw^r"

214G Dulletm ^7, United States National Museum.

Heparated by a space \ ns wi<l<! w» pnpil, nro 2 barhela directed forward,
ea(;h ns loii^ as tlie interHpace. Ma. illary reaching vertical from posterior
border of orbit, 2^ in head ; bony portion of interorbital width narrow, f
diameter of pupil; gill slit narrow, beginning opposite upper pectoral
rays, If diameter of orbit; no pseiidobrauchiie ; operclo prolonged posteri-
orly into a narrow pointed ilap ; round mucous pores along under side of
snout and suborbital, and on under side of mandible. Pectorals of 2 lobes,
the lower narrow, containing but 4 or 5 rays, the upper witli about 15,
1 or 2 rays widely spacod connecting the 2, none of the rays free, the fin
inserted high, the upper end of base on a level with upjier edge of pupil;
below, the fins nre not approximated as closely as usual, the lowermost rays
of the 2 tins separated by an interspace as wide as pupil, inserted on a ver-
tical through middle of cheek; dorsal originating slightly in front of
gill slit. Vent anterior in position, its distance from front of pectorals \ its
distance from front of atial tin. In spirits, light gray, dusky {.long bases of
dorsal and anal fins and on the nape; the black lining of abdominal cavity,
gill cavity, and mouth can be seen through the transparent integuments;
eye also blaok ; barbels transparent, hence very inconspicuous. Length
about 3i inches. Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island, in cloep water.
(barbula, a small barbel; fero, I bear.)

BhinoKparis harbulifer, Gilbert, Rept. IT. S. Fish Comm. 1803 (1890), 445, Bering jca,
north of Unalaska Island, at Albatross Stations 3337, 3335, 3336, and others, in 335
to 576 fathoms.

Suborder CRANIOMI.

Scapular arch abnormal, the post- temporal forming an integral part of
the cranium and the postero-temporal crowded out of place by the side
Oi the proscapula above or at the edge of the post-temporal. In other
respects essentially as in the Loricati, from which the Craniomi are derived.
The suborbital stay characteristic of both groups, in the Craniomi is highly
developed, its surface forming part of the bony armature of the head.
Fishes mostly of the warm seas, often singular in form, the head always
with a coat of mail, {h pdv t ov, akull; cJyuo?, shoulder.)

a. Myodome* developed and cranial cavity open in front ; proselhuioid and ant«al nor-
mally connected by sntnre. Infraorbital chain with ita anterior bones excluded
from the orbit and functional as rostrolatcral, the series covering tlie cheeks, the
third a large buccal bone articulating with the anterior wall of the preopercu-
lum ; post-temporal suturally connected with the opiotic and pterotic by inferior
processes, and with the upper surface forming an integral part of tlie cranium ;
intermaxillaries with the ascending pedicle.^ atrophied and connected with the
knob o' the anteal by ligament. Postero-temporal contiguous to the proscapula ;
ventral rays I, 5; the fins inserted wide apart; gill ment>-ranes free from the
isthmus.
b. Pectoral fin with its 3 lowermost rays detf.ched aa feelers; teeth p.>-eaent.

TBIQLIDiE, CLXXXrV.

bb. Pectoral iin with its 2 lowermost rays detacheil as feelers; mouth toothless.

PERISTKiinDJE, OLXXXV.

* The skeletal characters heregivan are taken from Dr. G.'ll.
567-592.)

( Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2147

oo. Myodoino undoveloped, the cranial cavity moHtly closttd in front by expnnHioua SVom
the Biibtectala aiitiirnlly connected with (lorreHpondini; expanHiouH of tho pro-
otios and the parasphenoid ; proaothrooid and antoal entirely diaconnected, leav-
ing a capacious roatra'. chamber opening baclEward lueHiiiUy into the iutcrorbital
region. Infraorbitni chain witli its second and third l)0U08 crowded out of the
orbital margin by Junction of the tirat ard fourth, and leaving a wide interval
between tlie auliorbitals and preoperculum ; the first very long and extending
baclvward, the necond under tbe fourth, and the third developed an a small spe-
cial Iione (pontinal) bridging the interval between the second suborbital ami tlie
anteroinferior angle of the preoperculum ; post-temporal HUlurally connected
with the posterior bones of the cranium, and with the upper surface foiming a
large part of tlie roof of tho headj int>erinaxillaries witli well-developed ascoud-
ing pellicles gliding into the cavity between tho anteal and prosethmoid.
Postero-temporal distant from tlie proKcap'ulu, and manifest as an ossicle on the
e<lge of the post-temporal,
e. Pectcral fin divided to tlie bii.se into 2 unequal parts; no free feelers; gill
membranes broadly joined to the isthmus; ventral rays I, 4, the fins con-
tiguous. CeFHAIJICANTHIU.£, CLXXXVl.

Family CLXXXIV. TRIGLID^.

(The Gurnards.)

Body elongate, usually more or icjs fusiform, coveretl with scales or
bony plat-US. Head externally bony, entirely Quirassed with rough, bony
plates, some of which are armed with spines; eyes high; month terminal
or Bubiuferior; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary without supple-
mental bone, slipping under the preorbital; teeth very small, in bands in
the jaw3, and usnally on vomer and palatines; gills 4, a large slit behind
the fourth; pseudobranchiic present ; gill rakers various; gill membranes
free from the isthmus. Ventral tins thoracic, wide apart, sei)arated by a
flat area, their rays I, 5. Spinous dorsal present, short ; soft dorsal simi-
Jar to the anal, which is without spines; caudal narrow, few-rayed; pec-
toral large, with broad base, with 3 lower rays detached, forming feelers.
These free rays are used chiefly in search for food, turning over stones,
exploring shells, etc.'' Air bladder present; pyloric caeca usually present,
few in pumber. Singular looking fishes, found in all warm seas. Genera
5; species about 40, some of them in rather deep water, these red in color,
the others living about rocks. {TrigliAm, pt., GUnther, Cat., ii, 191-210.)

a. Palatines with teeth.

h. Dorsal spines low, the longest usually much shorter than head ; scales moderate,

50 to 80 pores. Peionotus, 792.

bb. One or 2 of the dorsal spines greatly elevated, about as long as body ; scales

large, rough, the pores 40. Bellatob, 703.

aa. Palatines toothless; scales small.

e. Lateral line without enlarged bony plates. Chblidonichthtb, 704.

ce. Lateral line armed with a series of transverse bony plates. Triola, 700

* See note by Albro D. Morrill, Joum. Morphology, xi, 1895, 177.

t.Mus.l888,

2148 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

792. PRIONOTUS," Lacf:p«Me.

(GlTRNAUDS.)

PrioMOftM, Lac|!;p*: IB, Hi»t. Nat. Poias., iii, 37, 1802 (evolant).
Ornichthyt, Swain^on, Nat. Hist. Class'n Fisbes, ii, 262, 1830 (punetatwi).
Ohrivlax, Jordan & (iILBERt, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 874 {evola7ig).
Oiirnardut, tJoRVAti &- Evekmann, new BubgenuH (gymnoHethut).
Mfnilinug, JoRVA-s &. Everhann, now HiibgunuH {earolinut),

Body subfnsiforra ; profile of head descondiuiir to the broad depressed
Bnout, which \h much longer than tlie Hinall eye; eyes close together, high
up; surface of head entirely bony, tlie bones rough with ridges and
granulations; scales on head fewornore; preoperclc with 1 or 2 sharp
spines at its angle; opercle with a sharp spine; napo with 2 strong
spines; a spine on shoulder girdle. Mouth rather broad ; bands of small,
almost granular, teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines; gill membranes
nearly separate, free from isthmus; gill rakers rather long. Body covered
with small, rough scales, which are not keeled; lateral line continuous;
scales on breast very small. Dorsal fins distinct, the flrsj; of 8 to 10 rather
stout spines, the third usually highest, but mostly shorter than head ;
anal liu similar to soft dorsal; pectoral tin with the 3 lower anterior rays
thickened, entirely free from each other and from the fin; ventrals I, 5,
wide apart, with a flat space between them, the inner rays longest. Pylo-
ric ca^ca in moderate number; air bladder generally with lateral mnscles
and divided into 2 lateral parts ; vertebne 10 or 11+15. Species numer-
ous, all but 1 being American. t Representing in America the Old World
genus Trigla. Souie of thim in deep water. They are well defined and
easily recognized, but vary considerably with ago, and are not easily
thrown into subordinate groups. Most of the characters in the following
analysis have been taken from adult individuals. Young examples in most
oases differ from the adults in the following respects, in addition to those
characters which usually distinguish young fishes: The spines on the*head
are sharper, more conspicuous, and more compressed in the young, and
some spines, especially those on the side of the head, disappear entirely
with age. The interorbital space is more concave in the young. The pec-
toral fins are also much shorter. The gill rakers are longer in the young,
and proportionately more slender, and some of the color markings — espe-
cially the darker cross shades — are more conspicuous, while the spots on
body and fins are less so. {npiaov, saw; v&ro?, back; 3 free saw-like
spines being said to intervene between the two dor8<als.)

a. Month comparatively small, the maxillary less than i the length of the head, the man-
dible usually not extending baclcward as far as tlie vertical from the front of the
eye ; generally a more or less distinct cross groove on top of head behind eye ; black
spot on spinous dorsal usually more or less distinct.
OuBNARDUS (from Gurnard):
li. Snout distinctly birostrate, its tip deeply emarginate; anterior profile of head
strongly concave ; pectoral fin very short, little if any longer than head ; inter-
orbital space deeply concave.

*For a detailed account of the species of Prionotus see Jordan & Hughes, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus. 1886, 327. et teq.
t The single species found outside our limits is Prionotug japonicut, Bleeker.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2149

0. Preopercular apine with a aniallor one at haHo in front.
d. Center of radiaMon of oheok with a stronK npinc, tliore being 4 npiiiOH in a riglit
line from rostral plate to preopercular spine; rostral projcctiuus very nar-
row; body slender; scales smuU; 3 dorsal spines granulate.

niROSTRATUS, 2480.
dd. Center of radiation of cheek without spine ; 1 or 2 spinules below preopercular
spine.
I . Breast and belly wholly naked; dorsal spines 10 or 11. ovUNosTRTiira, 2481.
te. lireast and belly with small scales; dovHsil spines 8 or 9. xkmsma, 2482.

ee. Preopercular spine with no smaller one at base in front; dorsal spines 10; jxires 50;
body with olive vermiculations and oblique brown bars. lo.xiab, 2483.

Mkru^inits (Merula, a robin) :
66. Sntut not distinctly birostrate, the anterior prottlo usually not strongly concave.
/. x'ectoral fln long, reaching past front of anal.

g. Pectoral fln not reaching base of caudal; gill rakers moderate, 8 or 10 developed;
snout not strongly emargiuate ; no spine on cheek bono or edge of snout ;
dorsal spines 10,

h. Body not very slender, the depth 5 in length; head not very small, its
length 3 in body; groove across top of liead behind eye, very con-
spicuona; interorbital area moderately concave, rather broad, about
equal to diameter of eye; bones of head comparatively smooth, the
proocular, postocular, occipital, and nuchal spines low, depressed;
temporal ridge con8]>icuous, without spines. Dorsal apinen low, the
second 2| in head, the flrst moderately serrate ; base of ..oft dorsal
equal to distance fn m tip of snout to tip of humoral spine ; caudal
fln lunate, its outer rays J to ^ longer than inner; pectoral tin some-
what rounded, the longest ray about the fifth; free rays of pectoral
expanded toward tip, with decurrent membrane; scales rather large;
about 58 pores. Body and flns nearly plain, mottled with darker, but
without well-defined spots except the dorsal ocellus; back with 4
obscure cross blotches; 2 or 3 oblique pale rtreaks across spinous
dorsal. Gill membranes dusky. Young with head rougher, pectoral
fins shorter, dark spots on body more distinct. caroi.inub, 2484.

Ah. Body very slender, the depth about 6 in length; groove across top of
head behind eye, conspicuous ; interorbital area narrow, deeply con-
cave, its width about f the diameter of the eye ; bones of heml very
smooth, the striations very weak ; spines on top of head (preocular,
supraocular, occipital, and nuchal) short and sharp, not depressed ;
temx>oral ridge blunt, without spine,
i. Pectoral short, reaching little past front of anal, not J length of body.
Dorsal spines very high, the second IJ in head, the flrst moderately
serrate; soft dorsal high, its base about J longer than head; caudal
truncate; free raya of pectoral a little expanded at tip; 52 pores.
Body covered with roundish bronze spots of various sizes; smaller
bronze spots on the head ; both dorsals, iiaudal, and pectoral fins with
similar bronze spots, these especially numerous and dietinct on soft
dorsal. scitulus, 2485.

ii. Pectoral longer, reaching past middle of anal, more than ^ body ; pores
62; color rose-red, not spotted; pectorals dusky. robbcs, 2486.

gg. Pectoral flns very long, reaching base of caudal, the rays graduated ; 50 pores in
the lateral line; gill rakers shortish, 1+6 in number; body rather stout, the
depth 4 in length ; palatine teeth few, feeble ; caudal subtruncate ; second dor-
sal spine longest, J the length of head; first spine strongly serrated in front;
preopercular spine tvith a smaller one at its base; head 2^ in length. D. X-12;
A. 11. Brdy with 4 faint cross bands; caudal with black tip and 2 paler cross
shades; spinous dorsal with small dark spots besides the large one; soft dorr <il
plain; pectorals clouded. alatus, 2487.

2150 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

W. ''■'■

PRIONOTU8 :

aa. Mouth comparatively large, the mAxilliiry 2 to 2} in the length of head, the mandible
extending backward to oppoHite eye, or neiirly so; UHiiaily no distinct oroan
groovti on top ut head ; free rays of pectoral tup<-ring, not expanded at tip; black
blotch on spinous dorsal diilbse, net ocoUateu, involving the membranes of more
than two spines,
■j I>reor>eroular spine without a distinct smaller spine at its base in front.
k. Pectoral tins very long, reaching at least to beyond the second third of the soft
dorsal.

I. Scales rather email, abont 75 pores in lateral line; head large, comparatively

smooth, the interorbital area narrow, conclave, not ?, diameter of eye ; orbital
rim low, scarcely serrate ; preorbital serrulate; pectoral fin long, reaching
middle of anal ; coloration plain, slightly clouded ; form rather slender ; bead
2ij; depth 4i. D. X-12;A.ll. MILB8,2488.

II. Scales moderate, 50 to 55 pores in lateral line.

m. Head large, nearly plane abo.v<>. the interorbital space scarcely concave, its
width equal to eye; snout very short, 2J in head; maxillary 2^ in head,
reaching past front of orbit; bands of palatine teeth very narrow; bones
of head smoothish, little striate; gill rakers rather long, about 10 below
angle; first dorsal spine slightly rough in front, the third spine nearly J the
length of the head; caudal slightly concave; pectoral reaching ninth anal
ray, its outline rounded; scales about 55. Color pi^le olivaceous, back
and sides with a few dark spots; second dorsal with 3 rows of black spots;
caudal with 3 rows of dark blotches; pectorals with round dark blotches.

D. X-12 ; A. 1 1 . BTEPHANOPHBY8, 2489.

mm. Head not plane above, the Interorbital space more or less concave; dorsal
spines 10.
n. Supraorbital cirrns wanting,
o. Pectoral fina moderate, not reaching in adult beyond dorsal and aral.
p. Interorbital space moderately concave, its width nearly equal to eye;
orbital rim little elevated ; preorbital with 15 to 20 fine aerrae, the last
one directed backward ; preoporeular spine long. quiesckns, 2400.
|)p. Interorbital space very narrow, deeply concave, its width about §
length of eye; rim elevated and serrate; preorbital with about 20
small serrte, blunt and even; head well armed; snout and jaws

white. ALBIKOSTKIS, 2491.

00. Pectoralsverylong, reaching in adult beyond base ofdorsal and anal; inter-
orbital space moderately concave, its width about J length of eye ; no
cirrns above the eye ; distance from supraocular spine to nuchal scales
about equal to eye; supraocular and nuchal spinbs low; occipital
spines wanting; temporal ridge sharp, ending in a blunt spine; pro-
orbital projecting, strongly serrate; a blunt spine on each side of
snout, behind serru) of preorbital; a blunt spine behind this above
angle of mouth; no spine on cheekbone in adult; upper opercular
spine almost obsolete ; bones of bead rat'ier strongly striate, but not
granulate; gill rakers short; moutli moderate; scales rather large;
about 52 pores. D. X-11 ; A. 10. First dorsal spine not much shorter
than second, which is 2 J in head; caudal very slightly concave; ven-
trals reaching a little past vent; head 3; depth 5. Color nearly plain
brownish, with darker clouds; no distinct spots anywhere on body or
fins ; the pectorals marbled with paler. bubio, 2492.

nn. Supraorbital cirrus present, fringed. Interorbital space very deeply con-
cave, its width about g length of eye; a fringed cirrus above the eye;
distance from supraocular spine tonucbal scales about ^ the eye; occipi-
tal as well as nuchal spines distinct; tempoial ridge with a small spine;
no spine on cheek bone; bones of the head with fine, sharply defined
strisB, but no granulations; upper opercular spine well developed;

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes jf North America. 2151

of tbo Hol't

Bi'iileHiiiodfrato (about 50 porcH). I).VIII-13; A. 11. Firnt dorHal Bpiiin

Ion(;eHt, 1) in liund; caudal Hiibtruncate; ]>«ctoral8 nearly twire as long

BA head, reachinf; nearly to last rayn of dorsal; ventralp about reaching

to vent; hea4l 3 in length; di^pth 4j. Color orinisou red, nearly plain;

caudal with 2 dark cross Hbadea. oimiryas, 2493.

kk, Poctoral fins Mhort, not reaching beyond middle of dorsal , head much smoother

than in ny other species, the bones of the head faintly striate, with small

granuliitions; the cranial spines little developed; the Hiipra<Hnilar, occipital,

and temporal spines wholly wanting, there being only 3 ]>airH of spines on the

head; mouth large, the niaxillury 2 in head. Gill riikers short and thick in

adult, slender in young, about 10 developed ; interorbital spuce concave, rather

broad, its width, in adult, rather more than length of eye; first dorsal spine

granulated; caudal slightly lunate; pectoral subtruncate, the second ray the

longest, as long as head in adult; scales large, 48 pores in tbo lateral line.

Head large, 2} in length; depth 3}. I). X-12; A. 11. Color crimson, with

darker clouds and small spots; both dorsals with dark cross streaks; head

and pectoral fins conspicuouBly reticulated with blackish (in adult); anal

plain, whitish ; free rays of pectoral unspotted. stearnsi, 2404.

jj. Freopercular spine with a distinct smaller one at the baso; gill rakers slender.

q. Cheek bone without distinct spine at the center of radiation; edge of
preorbital granular-serrate, without distinct s)>ine, the serric about
12 in number on each side ; temporal ridges roughish but without
spines; bones of the beail with the stria; coarsely granular; mouth
moderate, the uuixillary about 21 in head ; head not very broad, the
spines above, except the nuchal spiues, not conspicuous ; gill rakers
long and slender, 15 to 20 developed ; head 2} in length ; depth about
4. D. X-12; A. 11. Coloration brownish ; side with a very distinct
dusky bronze band below the lateral line and parallel with it, this
becoming broken posteriorly into a series of roundish dark spots ;
some dark streaks and clouds below this stri|)e; fins with dark
clouds, the soft dorsal with 2 dark blotches, which extend as bars
on the back ; head with scattered dark spots ; dusky .area below eye.
r. Pectoral with its rays each crossed by fine black bars, these especially
distinctHoward the base of the fin ; free rays spotted ; scales com-
paratively small, 10-1-14-23 in a vertical lino from last dorsal spine
to vent; interorbital area broad and almost flat, its width a little
more than length of eye ; first dorsal spine granulated ; second
spine 2} ia head; pectorals about J the length of the body.

STBIQATUS, 2495.
rr. Pectoral fin with its rays all plain blackish ; free rays plain dusky ;
scales larger, 8-1-1 -{-21 in a vertical line from last dorsal spine to
vent; interorbital space more deeply concave, its width in adult
not q :]ite length of eye ; first dorsal spine nearly smooth ; second
spine 3 in head ; ^.^ctorals a little more than \ of the body.

EVOLANS, 2496.
qq. Cheek bone with a spine (small in the adult, larger in the young) at
the center of radiation, this rarely obsolete in old examples.
t. Spines on bones of head moderate, not knifs-liko; preorbital with a
series of serrse and 1 or more blnntish spiues.
t. First 3 dorsal spines little if at all serrate; pectorals reaching
past middle of anal, their length net qr ito \ the body ; gill
rakers rather long and slender, about 10 developed; maxil-
lary 2} in head; a bluntish spine on edge of snout behind
the serrie ; behind this, 1 or 2 smaller ones, at least in the
young; usually a small spine on cheekbone; a shallow groove
behind the eye evident; interorbital area rather narrow, con-
cave; preocular, supraocular, occipital and nuchal spines
rather prominent. Dorsal spines high, the third 2^ in head;

3

.'..iiri'Ks.J^rv.'.

hil.

2152 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

flrnt spino not serrato ; caudal triiiicnte. Head 2;| <n length ;
depth 2|). D. X-12; A. 12. ToreH about 50. Back obHcurely
Hpotted ; dorsal and caudal flnH spotted with brown, the flrRt
dorBol with a black blotcli bealdes; the pectoral with obscure
dark spots, and margined with blue. I'Unctatus, 2407.

((. First 3 dorsal spines more or less serrate ; gill rakers rather long,
about 8 developed; maxillary about 2} in head; a groove
behind eye; intororbital space narrow, J eye; third dorsal
spine high, 1 head. 1). X-12; A. 11. Pores 50. Color brown
ish yellow; spinous dorsal with a bla«jk blotch; pectoral
with 2 longitudinal broad dark areas separated and sur-
rounded by paler. beami, 2498.
IS. Spines on bones of head elevated, knife-liki!; head very large,
more than jj length; temporal ridge with 2 bluntish apinos;
bones of the head very sharply striate; young with 4 sharp,
knife-like spines on side of cheek and anout, in a line before
the preoenlar spine, these nearly disappearing with age ; maxil-
lary about 2^ in head ; sides without dark longitudinal stripe,
u. Pectoral fin moderate, about ^ body in adult, 2} in young; gill
rakers slender in the young, becoming sliorter and thicker
with age, about 10 developed on lower part of arch ; head
broad, the spines on its upper Hurface very prominent, all
of them more or less compressed and knifuliko, especially
in the young. Second dorsal spine 2) in head; head 2^;
depth 4^. D. X-12; A. 11. Body brownish, much mottled
with grayish and dusky, and with 3 or 4 obscure dark
cross bands; head and dorsal iins witli many dark spots;
caudal with 2 dusky shades; free rays of pectoral spotted.

TBIBUI.US, 2499.
uu. Pectoral fin short, about 3 in body ; gill rakers long and slen-
der, 5 developed ; scales small, 100 ; spines as in P.'trihulut,
but still larger and more knifo-like, much larger than in
any other species; pectoral fins reaching third anal ray;
interorbital space broad, little concave, about as wide as
eye. Body brownisli ; no black blotch on spinous dorsal ;
soft dorsal and caudal barred, pectoral with a broad black
band. uouiUUiS, ;i5U0.

Subgenus GURNARDUS, Jordan & Evermann.

2480. PltlONOTUS BIROSTRATUS, Kichardson.

Head 3 ; depth 5. D. IX-12 ; A. 1, 10 ; C. 10. Body slender and elongate ;
width at nape between coatal spines 5^ in head; head lonjj, proiilo before
eyes concave, the snout with a projecting lolie on each side, the lobe
longer and narrower than in any other species, its length J eye; a back-
ward projecting spine at base, besides numerous retrorse serrje along its
sides; surface of bones very rough; mouth small; maxillary barely ^
head, not reaching front of eye; eye 4^ in head; interorbital space very
narrow, deeply concave, granular, striate, its length '-k eye, 7 in head;
orbital rim elevated, with a stout spine anteriorly, before which are 3 or 4
others forming a raised ridge ; a stout spine above posterior part of orbit,
another behind orbit; still another on the occipital beyond ridge; 2 or 3
blunt spines behind eye ; a stout spine on opercle which reaches slightly
beyond base of the still larger humeral spine ; a stout spine on preopercle

Jordan and liverniann. — Fishes of North America. 2153

with anotlu!!' Htrong npiuu at itH hast'; another hcl'orn it on rixliation
center ol'clieek; anotlior on tbo pn-orbital, tliuHc I forniin)' a Htriii^ht
lino with rctrorHiii itrojeotion and all of them hooked backward; no (lurvo
acroHH top of head; uiembranaueouH llap of opercle not scaly; gill rakurH
nnknown; scales rather small, the nnniber not to bo conntod, apparently
none on breast, the naki'd skin of breast formin)^ an acute angle behind; 7
rows of scales between occiput and dorsal; spinous dorsal rather low, its
lirst 3 spines serrate in front, tho second the highest, \ head ; soft dorsal
with first row serrated, its length 2^ in head; anal lower, its longest ray
2} in head; caudal truncate, \\ in head; ])ertoral short, its middle rays
longest, reaching llfth ray of soft dorsal, 2'.! in body; ventrals \\ in head;
free rays tapering, 1;^ in head. Coloration not described; body and
iius in ligure unmarked, except pectoral, which is blackish at tip. Gulf
of Fonseca; known from a single speeimc-i 0.7 inches long. Here
described from Richardson's ngnre, which gives details not mentioned in
his description. Apparenoly a well-nuirked species with the spines of
Prionotua horrena, but with a small mouth and rostral beak different from
that of any other species. {biroalraliiH, two-beaked.)

Prionotua birostralut, Kichardson, Voyage of the SutpJnir, Iclitliyology, pt. 2, 81, April,
1845, Qulf of Fonseca, west Coast of Central America. (Coll. Edwurd Belilier.)

2481. PBI0X0TU8 OYSIXOSTETHUH, Gilbert.

Head 2^; depth 3^; eye 4 in head; snout 2,^«-; interorbital width 10;
pectoral li; ventrals l.:| ; second dorsal spine 2. D. X or Xl-10 or 11;
A. 11. Body heavy anteriorly, tapering rapi<lly to tho slender tail.
Head large; stritu tine, numerous, scarcely to be distinguished on top of
head, which ia finely granular; snout long; profile concave, the orbital
region abruptly elevated ; preorbital on each side projecting beyond the
mouth in a narrow lobe, which is usually sharply triangular, the 2
lobes strongly divergent; free edge of preorbital with a row of very fine
serra); anterior nostril with a long llap; mouth small, the maxillary^
length of head, a naked area behind it. Eyes very prominent, the pre-
ocular ridge high, bearing 1 strong spine; interorbital space very nar-
row, concave, -^ length of head ; a deep transverse groove on top of head
behind eyes. Supraocular spine short and blunt ; occipital and nuchal
spines flat, bluntish; temporal ridge with 2 spinous projections; oper-
cular, preopercular, and humeral spines, long and sharp; preopercular
spine with a very strong accessory spine at base, from which a low ridge
extends forwards to middle of cheek, where it ends in a weak spine.
Gill rakers l-f7, slender, of moderate length. Second dorsal spine the
highest, the first 2 spines minutely serrulated in front; pectorals very
short, i the length, reaching but little past front of anal; caudal slightly
lunate. Scales very small, none on breast or belly, the naked area ex-
tending upwards behind pectoral fin to humeral spine, and narrowing
backward to front of anal; region in front of spinous dorsal naked.
Color in spirits, brownish above, light below, the dorsal region and top
of head often with small dark spots; 1, or rarely 2, small black ocel-
3030 58

2164 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

luted HputH lietwooii rourtli and tU'tb dorHal Hpiiu^g; ))ectoraI mostly dunky,
light at baHn beluw, and udgdd with whittt; a diiHky blott-h un iinter por-
tion of lowi^r caudal lobe, (inlf of California; Meveral Hpecimt'os taken
in Hballow water. Len^^th 3^ inrbes. C'loH«dy relatfd to PrionotnaTetiisnia,
ditl'eriug conspicuouHly in the wholly naked breatit and belly. (Ollbort.)
(;'Uyui'd?, naked; <iri}Ooi, breabt.)

J'rioiiotnt tf)imiio»tfthun, (Jimieiit. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mim. 1801, 650, Oulf of Calirornia.
(Coll. AlbatruiK.)

t

SlHi!. PKIONOTIJN XKNISMA, Jordan & Bollmnn.

Head 2\ to 2J (3 to 3i in totol) ; depth 31^ to .3^ (4 to \\) ; eye 4 in head.
1^ VIII-11; A. 10; Hcales in a l()n<>;itudiual HerieH GO to 70, about \\\
oblique Bcrien between giM oprning and tail; 35 to 40 pores in lateral
lino. Dody short and robust, little compressed, the width of the napu,
between oeci])ital Hpines, 6 to Gj in head; head short and high; eyes
prominent; the profile angulated, concave before eye, convex above it;
snout short and broad, its breadth greater than its length, which is 2$ in
head, its anterior margin deeply emarginate, the preorldtal produced on
each side into a broad, triangular, spiniferous lobe, which is nearly equal
to h diameter of eye. Kurfaee of bones of head tinely an«i densely granular
striate. Moutli sniall, maxillary 3 to 'i^ in head, not reaching front of
eye. lia'id of palatine teeth rather broad. Interorbital space narrow,
dee])ly concave aiul granular striate, its least width 0 to 6^ in head;
orbital rim elevated, its ed<;es granular serrate; no distinct preorbital
spine, whole edge of preorbital finely serrulate ; a groove across top of head
behind the blunt sii|iraorbital spine. Occipital ridges present, the outer
granular and not spinous, the inner rather sharply elevated into a short
spine, the outer rather wide, extending to second dorsal spine; temporal
region with an elevated roughish ridge, on which are 2 bluntish promi-
nences; preopercular spine large and strong, Avith a smaller one at its
base; opercular spine long and sharp; humeral spine usually larger than
opercular; no spines on 8ul)orbital. Breast scaly ; membranaceous Hap of
opereles not scaly. Gill rakers short, slender, longer than interspaces,
and aboutequal to 3 of pupil; nakedskinof throat with numerous papillu);
scales rather small, of about equal si/e on breast and belly, extending
beyond base of ])ectorals, anterior margin forming an obtuse angle; 3
or 4 rows of rudimentary scales between occiput and dorsal. Spinous
dorsal high, the first spine longest, 1| to 11( in head; anterior margin of
first 3 si)ines with numerous granula; ; second spine slightly more than 2
in head, all the spines stout; longest ray of second dorsal shoi'ter than
snout, 3|^ in head; longest anal ray 3J in head; caudal olightly lunate,
If in head; pectorals quite short, reaching fifUi ray of second dorsal, 3
in body; ventrals reaching anal, 1| in head. Three short granular inter-
spinal bones projecting through the skin between first and second
dorsal, the anterior less robust than others. Coloration in spiuts, grayish
(probably red in life); dusky above and irregularly mottled ; a distinct
dark spot before base of caudal ; dorsal dusky, with a large black, ocel-
lated spot between fourth and fifth spines; dorsal spines with a row of

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2165

dark H|>otB on their anterior niMr^in; Hoft (lormil with 3 rowH of diirk
•pots; peutorals bluckiHh, a iviVf of tlie upper ruya pale on the iiiuor siile;
ventriils and iinal piilu; caudal ItarrtMl witli dunky. i^on^th 4 iucb«^H.
Pai'illj count of Colombia. Vory many HpitcimeuH drttdgud at a depth of
33 fathomu. {ieyidfia, a surprise.)

Prionotuii xtniiima, Jokuan &. Uoi.lman, Proo. V. S. Nat. Miir. 1880, 101), Paciflc Ocean
off coast of Colombia, at Albatross Station 379s, 7° 37' N., 78° 53' W. (Type, Ko.
41151.)

2483. PltlOXOTUH LOXIAH, Jordan.

Head 2^; depth 3}. D. X-lOorll; A. 10; scales about 50. Body stout;
head lar^e, rou^rh ; mouth moderate, maxillary not reaching front of orbit,
'2'i in head; eye large, 3} to 1 in head; snout 2^ in head ; opercular Hpiue
strong, nearly as large as preopercuhir H])iue; humeral spine Huiall, not
i as large as either of the others; interorbital area narrow, its ridge
evenly concave, its width 2'i in eye; prcopercular spine without smaller
one in front; uo spiuo at center of radiation of cheek; preorbital edge
prominent, finely denticulated; supraorbital ridge prominent, with a
bluntish spine before and behind; a transverse groove on head behind
eye; snoul broad, slightly emarginute at tip, the rostral plates not much
projecting, their edges sharply and finely serrate, with 10 to 12 serrro;
occipital ridges » short distance behind supraorbital ones, ending in a
bluntish spine, as also the nuchal ridges. Teeth on jaws, vomer, and pal-
atines in bands; lower jaw included; base of mandible below front of
orbit; bones of cheeks and opercles with strong stria-, tlie rest of the
bones of the head roughish. Gill rakers short, about 10 below the angle,
the anterior oaes tubercle-like; breast closely scaled. Pectorals short,
3J to 3J in the length of the body, scarcely longer than longest detached
ray, their tips reaching about third ray of anal lin, length 3^ in the body;
ventrals long, their tips almost reaching tips of pectorals, If in head;
first dorsal s])iuo the longest, its length 1} in head, serrate in front; first
dorsal ray slightly serrulate at basn, its length 3 in bead ; longest anal
ray 4 in head; caudal tin lunate, with pointed lobes, IJ in head. Color,
brownish above, grayish below; head and anterior parts more or less dis-
tinctly vermiculated with dark olivaceous, these markings especially
distinct on bones ot head; sides with 6 to 15 iiarrow brown oblique bands
extending downward and backward from the lateral lino about halfway
to anal fin, these obsolete or less conspicuous on anterior portion of the
body; both dorsals mottled with olive; caudal with 3 broad blackish
bars which do not cross the upper and lower ray, the last bar broad and
very conspicuous ; upper ray of caudal dark olive ; no black spot at base
of caudal; anal and ventrals white; pectorals blackish, faintly barred
with darker and margined with white. Paciiic coast of Central America.
Here described from many specimens, 3 to 6 inches long, from Albatross
Station 2805, where it occurs with Prionotua xeniama, but more abundantly
than the latter. It has not yet been seen elsewhere. This species resem-
bles Prionotua xeniama very closely. It is, however, a little more elongate,
with rather smaller scales, the snout longer, the caudal fin barred, the

2150 liulktin ^7, United States National Afuseum.

iHiily tiioro vi'riiiiuiiliito iintl with oltliqiio burn, iiiul no diHtiiict dark spot
ut btiHo ot'cuiulal. Thoi'o \h no truro of a Hocond Hplno at thu buHo of tli«
liux*^ pri'operuuliir Hpino, and tho hiiniural Hpino Ih nincli Hnniller than tho
opurrnlar. Hoth bavu tlio Hnont Boniewliut IdroNtrute, the forohead and
oyca vury prominunt, and the purtorals very abort. Thu projection of the
loboa of tho Hnont in, howeviu-, niiirh Iohh tlian in /'rioiiotim IHroatralua,
with which Hpe(;ioM the pr«Huutouo was ut Urst identilled. (Aol/as, \oi6i,
obli<|Uu, from the oroHs buta.)

I'rUmittuf birotlralut, Johdah &. Doixman, Pruo. U. S. Kat. Muh. 188U, 170 1 not of IticilAKO-

HON.

J'riuiiotiit toxiai, Jokdan, in Oii-iikkt, Proit. IT. K. Nat. Mim. 1800, 4S2, at Albatross Station
aSos, south of Panama, in jij fathoms. (Tyito, No. 47680, U. S. Nut. Muh. ; cotype,
No. 165, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Miib.)

Subgenus MERULINUS, Jordan &. Evommnn.

2484. PKIOXOTUM CAIIOLIXUS (Liuuiimt).

(Common (iUunaiiu; Ked-winmed Kea-Uobin.)

Head 3; doptb 5. D. X-13; A. 12; acalos 58. Hody not Tory Blender;
]ioud niodtM-atc ; inontli comparatively amull, tho maxilbiry about 3 in bead,
till! niandildo not reachinj^ vertical from front of cyt* ; groovo acroHH t(»p of
boad behind cyo, very conHpicnons; intororbital area niodcrately concave,
rath(!r broad, about e<puil to diameter of eye ; bonoH of head comparatively
Hmootb, the preocnlar, ]ioHtocnlar, occipital and nuchal Hpinen low,
depreHHed; temporal nd^o couHpicuouH, without spineH; 1 or 2 Hmall
Hpinulca on lower edj^e of preoperele, below the preopercular Hpine; preo-
percular spine with no Hnialler (»ne at ita baae in i'ront; pect(»ral linahort,
re ching little paat front of anal, itH length Ichh than ^ the body; gill
rakcra «>f nu)derate length, about 10 developed; no apino on cheek bono
or on KideH of anont. Doraal apinea low, the aecond 2^ in head, tho
iirat moderately serrate; baae of aoft doraal equal to diatance from tip of
anout to ti]) of humoral spine ; <^andal fin lunate, ita outer raya i to t longer
than inner; pectoral fin aomewhat rotmditd, rather abort, not r(^a(-hing laat
ray of anal and not more than A the length of the body; tho longeat ray
about the fifth; free raya of pe('toral expanded toward tip, with decur-
rent membrane; acalea rather large, about 58 pores. Body and fina nearly
plain, mottled with darker, but without well-defined apota except the dor-
aal ocellua; back with 4 obscure croaa blotches; 2 or 3 oblique paleatreaks
across apinoua dorsal ; gill membranea duaky. Young with head rougher,
pectoral fina shorter, dark spots on body more distinct, ('oast of Maine
to South Carolina, chiefly northward; very abundant on the coasts of
aouthern New England and New York, but rarelj' taken aa far aonth aa
Charleaton. Our specimens are from MeueiuSi. a Bight, Marthas Vineyard.
{carolinus, from Carolina.)

Trigla Carolina, Linnaeus, Mantissa, 176, 528, Carolina.

Trigla palmipe$, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. New York 1814, 431, pi. 4, flg. 5,

New York Harbor.
Prionotus pilatus, Storbr, Proc. Bost. Soc. !Nat. Hist., ii, 1845, 77, Massachusetts Bay,

adult speciniL-ns; Stokek, Uist. Fish. Muss., 68, pi. 6, lig. 1, 1867; GOODS & BEAN,

Boll. Esaez lust., xi, 12, 1879.

Jordan and livermann, — Fishes of North .\mcrUa. I.*157

J'rinnr.hta earnlinui, Cvvivn .V VaMcncirnnkh, HInI. X»t. PoIm., iv, BO, 1H2S; Stoiirii,
U«|Mirt I'MhIion Mohh., 14, IR:iO; I)k Kav, N<<w York Fiiiiiiii : FIhIii'm, id, \A.f>, tl^;. in,
IH4'J; AVKKH, IIohI. JiMiril. Nftt. IllHt., rv, |H4-.>, 2:>8: CI'VTtlKR, (^itt,, 11, 1»'2, im)\ (iil.l,,
(-'nt. VlnU. KoMt CuaMt N. Am., 21, 187:1; Johdah St. (iit.itiKT, Troc. U, H. Nut. Mum.
1878,1173; IlKAN, l'rii<-. U.H.Nat. MiiH. 1880, 8ti (!<M)i)K \ IIkan, Itiill. Khmi'x IiihI., xi.
12, 1870; .loitDAN .V llniiiRH, ]>r<Mi. I', s. Niii. MiiH. 18811, ;i:i:i.

I'lionittui ii»lmii>tt, SToKKR, IliHt.FlNh. Muhh., *t(l, pi. ,'i, tit;. 1, 1807; JoUOAV fi. (ill.llKUT,
I'rix'. r. S. Xilt. MilH. 1383, ni4; JoiiDAN >V (ill.llKIlT, S.viii)|miM, 7:il, 1883; liooliK, Niit.
Hint. A<|iiatiii AnininiM, snS, |il. 71, lii84; (Ioodk &. ilK.VN, Ooi'iuiiu lohthyiiloK.v. 408,
18UII.

24S». PRIOXOTI'S sriTri.rs .Tonlnn.

ITovl2H">iS; (loptlir./it(»«{!^. T).X-i:{; A.12; BciiIonnitlierHnmll, ahoiit
<!(); r»2 pores; body timcli NlnidtMMtr tli.iii in any othi-r HIll■('i<^H; lieiid hiiiiiII,
lo\v, rathor pointed. Hnout rather Ioiik» n little shoitor tlian rent of liead,
itH width betwoon an^len of mouth about LU in head. Maxillary not reach-
ing front of eye, 2ij in head. SideH of nnout tiui'ly and evenly nerrate;
mouth comparatively Huiall, the maxillary \vsiA than I the lenjxth of X\w
head; groove ajross top of head behind eye, little conspicuouH; interor-
bltal area narrow, deeply concave, itn width about it tlie diameter of the
eye; boneH of tlie head very Hmooth, the ntriationH very weak; Hj)ineH on
top of head preocular, Hupraocular, occipital, and nuchal) Hhort and
sharp, not dcprcNHcd; temporal rid<;o blunt, without Hpint*; 1 or 2 Hnuill
spinulcH on lower edge of pnioporcle, below tlie preopercnlarBpino; dor-
sal spineH very high, the second \\ in head, the firnt moderately serrate;
soft dorsal high, its base about ^ longer tlian head; caudal trnncatt*, its
third ray longest, the others, to the tenth, little shorter; free rays of pec-
toral a little expanded at tip; scales rather small. Hands of ])a1atin<^
teeth narrow, (jlill rakers long and slender. Pectoral in male 2Jr to 2ii in
body, in female scarcely nums than ^ length of body, reaching to base of
fifth or sixth dorsal ray. C<doration of female in life, da'*' ')live above;
back and sides covc^red with numerous round spots of ditfercnt sizes, and
not arranged in series, these spots bronze c(dor in life, becoming brownish
after dcsth; spinona dorsal dusky, with lighter streaks; a distinct black
spot on upper half of spinous dorsal, between the fourth and fifth spine,
this spot being ocollated below and behind; a second black blotch on
upper half of first spine and membrane, also ocellated behind; second
dorsal and caudal spotted and finally blotched with black; anal largely
black, with a pinkish border; pectorals blackish; ventrals pale; branchi-
ostegala pinkish. Male in life, light olive brown, with 4 saddle-like dark
blotches on back, 1 downward and forward from middle of spiiiouH dorsal to
humeral si)ine ; a second from front of soft dorsal ; a third from end of dor-
sal downward and forward to below lateral line, tlu^nee continued forward
as a narrow horizontal streak; a fourth on caudal peduncle; sides every-
where with reddish broAvn spots, as in the female ; opercle reddish brown ;
branchiostcgal membrane and i>alatiue region largely jet-black; spinous
dorsal olive brown, with 2 irregular, lengthwise, translucent streaks and
an intense well-defined black spot on membrane above, between fourth
and fifth spines; second dorsal olive brown, vermiculated with whitish
translucent, and without round spots ; caudal reddish brown, blackish

2158 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum,

toAvard tip, witli a conspicaoua, white, longitudinal strouk on upper lobe;
anal Itlackisli, with white b»He and margin ; pectoral dark brown, irregu-
larly barred and blotched with groitnish and light brown; free rays of
pectoralH and inner face of ventralM dusky, tinged with orange. South
Atlantic, coast of United Staten, Iteaufort to St. Augustine ; a very well-
marked spccitm, rather common within the region from which it ia known.
L(^ngth 5 to 6 inches, (scitulua, slender.)

Prianotus punetatus, Jordan & Gilbert, Troc. IT. S. Nat. Miis. 1K78, 373; Qoode, Proc.
TT. S. Nat. Miis. 1870, 111; Goouii: &. Bean, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Muh. 1870, 338; Jordan &.
Gu-BFRT, SynopsiH, 734, 1883 ; not l^rigla punctata, Bloch.

Prionoltu teitvlug, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mna. 1882, 288, Beaufort (Coll. Jor-
dan, Bray ton ff. Gilbert) ; Jordan & Giliiert, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Miih. 1882, 614 ; Jordan,
Cat. Fish. N. A., 114, 1885; Jordan & Huqhes, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 188G, 333.

2480. PRIONOTrS ROHETJS, Jordan &. Evermann.

ii

Head 3^ in length (4 with caudal) ; depth 6 (7i) ; eye moderate, 5J in
head. D. X-12; A. 12; scales (transverse series) 65 to 7C; pores in lateral
line 60 to 65. Allied to Prionotus scituliis. Body «iuite slender, little com-
piessed, narrowed above, %yidth of nape between occipital spines being
about ^ of head ; head quite short and rather high ; eyes prominent, so
that the anterior prolile forms a sharp angle at front of eye, and is some-
what concave; snout rather narrow, 2,^ in head, its tip somewhat Jmargi-
iiate; edf^es of nnont finely serrulate and without spine; surface of bones
of head comparatively smooth, the small granulations arranged in distinct,
fine, radiating striae. Mouth small, the maxillary Si- in head, the man-
dible not quite reaching front of orbit; band of palatine teeth narrow.
Apparently a slight cirrus above eye, on one side, in typical example,
possibly a result of mutilation. Interotbital space narrow, deeply con-
cave, its least width 7^ in head ; orbital rim considerably elevated, both
in front and behind, its edge granular serrate; a shallow groove across
top of head behind orbital rim, which does not end in a distinc£ spine;
occipital ridges weak, the inner X)air without spines, the outer with short
ones which reach somewhat beyond front of dorsal; temporal region with
an elevated roughish ridge, but without distinct spine; preopercle with a
single moderate spine, which has no smaller one at iCs b^e, either in front
or below; opercular spines small and sharp; humeral spine moderate; no
trace of spines on suborbital or preorbital, the head being provided with
but 5 pairs o' spines, including the humeral spine; membranaceous flap of
opercle scaly. Gil) rakers short and thickish, about 8 developed, these
little longer than the interspaces, and not i length of pupil and nearly i
as broad as high. Scale's small, those on breast much reduced in size,
about 12 between occiput and dorsal. Spinous dorsal high, the first spine
serrulate in front, shorter than the second, which is 1§ in head. (Second
dorsal and anal mutilated.) Caudal slightly and unequally Innate, the
lower lobe the longer, 1^ in head; pectoral reaching nearly to last rays of
dorsal, a little more than i length of body; ventrals as long as head.
Coloration in spirits, grayish, unspotted, more dusky above ; dorsal dusky.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Amcri'-i. 2159

with no very diHtinct markingn ; caudal fin yellowish, marked at base with
dusky, its tip black; pectorals mostly Uluck; lower fins pule. In life the
typo was chiefly pinkish red, which color still iiersists on the inside of
operclcfl. Deep watars of Gulf of Mexico, known only ftom the " npewings"
of Red Groupers, on the Sna^tpor Banks otV Tampa liay and Fensacola.
Length of type 6j^ inches, {tobcvlh, rose red.)

Prtonotu* leilultu, Jobdan <& Gilrekt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 288, mutilated specimen

from Pensacola ; not ty])e.
Prionottu roteua, Jordan &. Kvebmann, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Miis. 1880, 4V0, off Trmpa Bay,

Florida. (Type, So. 37080; Coll. Chan. H. Boll, lan.)

8487. PRIONOTUH ALATIJS, Goode &. Bean.

Head 2^; depth 4. D.X-12; A. 11; caudal 3-7 + 5-4; pectoral 13 + 3;
ventrals I, 5; lateral line about 100; tube-bearing scales about 50. Body
normal iu form, rather robust; its greatest width \ its greatest length
without caudal ; least height of tail contained 12 times, or ner^rly so, in
the standard body length, and 3 times in height of body. The num-
ber of rows of scales, -counting diagonally around the body from origin of
anal, is 21 below and 7 above the lateral line. Width of head equal to its
height; upper limb oi orbit encroaching upon the upper profile of head,
the center of the pupil equidistant from lip of snout and tip of the pro-
longed preopercular spine; length of snout measured obliquely from aute-
rior margin of orbit equal to that of the postorbital portion of head to
end of opercular spine; a robust spine at lower angle of preoperculum,
curving slightly upward, the length equal to that of first dorsal ray;
this spine serrated upon its outer edge, and with a small spine at its
base which is also serrated ; the tip of the spine extending to perpen-
dicular from center of the interspace between third and fourth dorsal
spines, while that of the humeral spine extends to the perpendicular
from the interspace between the fourth and fifth, and that of the oper-
cular to the peri)endicular from the center of base of third; a strong
scapular spine extends back to the posterior edge of the second dorsal
spine. Length of upper jaw equal to i that of heail. Palatine teeth
in short feeble bands, hardly perceptible, even with a strong magni-
fying glass. Gill rakers 6, besides several rudimentary ones, 5 being
below the angle, and the longest equal in length to ^ diameter of eye.
First dorsal fin inserted above tip of upper opercular spine and at a dis-
tance from snout equal to twice length of the fourth dorsal spine, height
of first dorsal spine, which is equal to that of the third and slightly less
than that of the eecond, equal to i length of head, its anterior margin
strongly serrated, while those of the second and third spines are less
markedly so; length of base of first dorsal equal to greatest height of
body; the distance between its insertion anC that of second dorsal fin
equal to the length of the longest and superior detached pectoral ray;
second dorsal fin inserted in the perpendicular over the interspace between
the second and third anal rays, the length of its longest ray equaling twice
the least height of tail, and the length of its base equaling the greatest

Mi

2100 Bulletin ^7, United States National Musetim.

loiigth of the ventral rays, itn first ray conspicuously serrated on its ante-
rior edge. The insertion of the anal iin is in the pitrpendicnlar below the
end of the first dorsal fin ; the length of its longest rays is equal to \
that of the middle caudal rays; caudal truncated, very slightly emargi-
nate ; pectoral very iicculiar in structure, its longest ray, the ninth, reach-
ing to base of the caudal rays and equal in length to 4 times that of tlu^
fourth dorsal spine; the tenth ray a triile shorter, extending nearly to
the end of the soft dorsal; the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth rays
graduated, decreasing- in regular proportion, the thirteenth being less
than \ as long as the tenth; the eighth about midway betv/een the tenth
and the eleventh; the first slightly longer than the twelfth, and those
intcrmodiute between the fir-jt and the eighth are graduated in length, so
as to form a rounded outline for the anterior or upper portion of the fin;
the pectoral appendages slender, the third being slightly greater in length
than the thirteenth ray, being % as long as the first, while the second* is
intermediate between the other two; the ventral inserted directly under
the base of the pectoral appendages, its first spine about equal in length
to the pri'upercular spine from the base of the supplemental rapines, its
longest, the third and fourth, exactly equal in length to the base of the
second dorsal. Color brownish above, with about 4 indistinct transverse
band-like blotches, 1 of which is on the base of the caudal, whitish beneath ;
vertical fins nniform, the tips of the caudal rays blackish, with 2 indis-
tinct cloud-like bands in advance of the terminal bands thus formed; a
black blotch, with whitish anterior margin on the membrane between th«'
fourth and fifth dorsal spines; a very inconspicuous blackish spot on
the membrane between the fifth and sixth; others still less conspicuous
on the succeeding interspaces ; the pectoral blotched and clouded with
blackish brown and white. Off Charleston, South Carolina ; 1 specimen
obtained in the same haul with Notosema dilccHm. (Goode & Bean.) It
is a very well-marked species, distinguished especially by its very long
pectoral fin. (alatus, winged.)

I'rionotus alatua, Goode & Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XIX, 210, 1883, deep sea off
Charleston, South Carolina ; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 114, 1885 ; Jordan & HuoHES,
Proc. IT. S. Nat. Man. 1886, 332; Goods &. Bean, Ocean. lohth., 467, 1896.

Subgenus PRIONOTUS.
2488.. PRIONOTUS MILES, Jenyns.

Head 2i ; depth 4|; eye 4^ in head. D. X-12; A. 10 or 11; scales about
78. Body elongate, rather slender. Head moderate, not very rough;
mouth moderate, maxillary scarcely reaching front of orbit, 2^ in head ;
interorbital area concave, narrow, If in eye; no transverse postorbital
groove ; no spine on center of radiation of cheek, opercular spine rather
weak, less prominent than the humeral spine, preopercular spine slightly
larger than the humeral spine, no smaller one before it ; all of the spines
simple ; preorbital ridge serrulate, no conspicuons postorbital ridge ; tem-
poral ridges present, .all of the bones of the head with radiating stria) ;
snout eniarginate, about 10 2)rominent spinules on each lobe, teeth on

t

Jordan and Evcrmami. — Fishes of North America. 2161

vomer in 2 putcbes, on jows and pulatinea in bands. Gill rakers ratber
lonj?, about 10 below tlie anglo^ii-or 4 tnborcb^s on anterior part of arch.
Pectoral fins lonji;, reaching to middle of the anal fin; first dorsal spine
weaker and shorter than t.he B(>cond, its length 2'\ in the head, longest
dorsal spine 2\ in bead ; ventrals reaching front of anal, 1^ in the head ;
first dorsal spine finely serrulate, other spines not serrated; caudal oniar-
ginate, 4^ in the length of the body. Color uniform brownish above,
distal f of spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal and caudal faintly burred;
ventrals and anal white; pectorals blackish with white margins. Oala-
pagos Islands; not rare. Here described from niimerous fine specimens, 8
to 10 :nches in length, from the Galapagos, {miles, a soldier.)

Prionotut milet, Jenyns, Zool. Beagle, FialieH, 20, pi. 0, 1842, Chatham Inland, Galapagos
Archipelago (Coll. Chnrlea Darwin) ; GOntiieb, Cat., u, 100, 1860.

9 about
rough;
L head;
lorbital

rather
(lightly

spines
b; tem-

strin) ;
eth on

2489. PBIOJTOTUS STEPHAJTOPHBYS, Lockington.

Head 2J; depth 4; eye H in snout. D. X-12 or 13; A. 11 or 12; P.
134-3; scales 55. Body rather stout; head large, compressed, broad, and
very nearly plane above, the interorbital region not concave ; no trans-
verse furrow behind orbits; orbital rim with a slightly raised, serrated
crest ; snout very short, « length of head ; mouth largo, the broad maxil-
lary reaching beyond front of orbit ; bands of palatine teeth very narrow ;
gill rakers rather long and slender ; head less rough than usual, the bones
little striate ; occipital process not reaching first dorsal spine; preorbital
little projecting ; preopercle with a strong smooth spine, reaching slightly
beyond membrane of opercle; opercle ending in 2 i>oints, the lower a
long spine, the membrane connecting the 2 scaly ; scales thin, ciliate, not
closely imbricate ; first dorsal spine granulate in front ; pectorals reaching
beyond middle of anal, about to base of ninth ray ; free rays very slender,
the uppermost more than | length of fin ; ventrals not reaching vent ;
caudal slightly emarginate. Pale olivaceous, abruptly white at level of
pectorals; back and sides with a few scattered dark spots; branch ioste-
gals mostly safl'ron yellow ; spinous dorsal dusky, with diffuse dark blotches
most distinct between fourth, fifth, <and sixth spines; second dorsal spot-
ted ; caudal with dark blotches ; pectorals dark, with large, round, black
spots. Deep water off San Francisco, Point Reyes, Monterey, and Lower
Califcruia; 4 specimens known. Here described from Mr. Lockington's
type, and from 2 others collected by the Albatross at Station 3041, coast
of Lower California. (dT£<l>avoi, crown; 60pv?, eyebrow.)

Prionotus Hephanophryt, Lockington, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 520, Point Reyes, near
San Francisco; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Tiat. Mns. 1880, 4r>4; Jordan &. Gil-
BERT, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 62; .Tordan &, Gilbert, Synopsis, 736,1883; Jordan
& Hughes, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 334.

2490. PBI0N0TU8 QUIESCENS, Jordan & BoUman.

Head 2J to 2| (3i to 3^ with caudal) ; depth 4 to 4i (5 to 6) ; eye moder-
ate, 4i to 5 in head. D. X-12; A. 11; scales, iu lateral line, 50 tr 55; in
a longitudinal series 60 to 70. Body rather slender, compressed, uot much

■11' ■-«

m

2162 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

narrowed above, tlie width of the nape between the occipital spines 4 to
4j| in heail; head moderately elonf;ate, not elevated; eyca not prominent,
the ])rotile from snout to nape almost straight or slightly convex; snout
broad, of about equal length and breadth, 2^ to 2J in head; anterior mar-
gin omarginate; preorbitallittlo projecting, its edge with about 15 to 20
fine serrn'!, the anterior strongest with the exception of the last one, which
Ih directed backward. Surface of bones of head smoother than usual in
this genus and with fine radiating granular striu.>, those on opercles,
cheeks, and top of head most strongly developed. Month rather largo,
maxillary 2^ in head, roachi'ig slightly beyond anterior orbital rim. Band
of palatine teeth narrow. Orbital rim not esjtecially elevated, its edges
granulated, especially anteriorly, preorbital and postorbital spiues small
and blunt; interorbital not deeply concave, rather wide, its least width
4f to 5 in head ; no groove across top of head behind orbital rim ; occipital
ridges present, the inner very low, ending in a very small spine; outer
large, ending in a moderate spine, the pair diverging, their inner edges
serrulate, the spines extending to nearly opposite first dorsal spine; tem-
poral region with a slight elevated roughish ridge, but no spine; preoper-
Cblar spine long and sharp, its anterior edge somewhat serrulate, no
smaller spine below it and none on suborbital stay ; opercular and humeral
spines well developed, sharp; no trace of spines on suborbital or preor-
bital. There are but 3 distinct spines on each side of the head, occipital,
opercular, and preopercular. Membranaceous flap of opercle with a few
scales. Gill rakers long and slender, about equal to | diameter of eye,
8 to 10 well developed. Scales quite small, those on breast (between ven-
trals) larger than those on belly or throat; scales extending beyond base
of pectorals to isthmus ; about 12 to 15 rows between occiput and front of
dorsal. Spinous dorsal rather low; first spine not strongly serrulate, |
length of second, which is 2^ in head; first ray of second dorsal weakly
serrulate at base ; longest ray shorter than snont and slightly less than 3
in head; longest anal ray 3| in head; caudal lunate, 1^ to IJ- in head;
pectoral generally reaching last dorsal ray, a little more than ^ body;
ventrals reaching vent, 1§- to 1| in head. Coloration in spirits, grayish,
unspotted, more dusky above ; spinous dorsal dusky, a distinct black spot
between fifth and sixth spines; soft dorsal with 3 rows of diffuse spots;
caudal dusky on the outer f and base ; pectorals mostly black, with faint
pale cloudings ; ventrals and anal pale ; body largely red in life. Related
to Prionotua atephanophrya, Lockington, but the interorbital area concave;
the bones of head much striate and granulated, and the caudal differently
colored. It also bears some resemblance to the Atlantic species Prionotua
atearnai. Pacific Ocean, the types taken off the coast of Colombia ; abundant
in various places in 7 to 60 fathoms; also found at Albatroaa Station 3039,
in the Gulf of California, {quieacena, resting quietly.)

Prionotua quieteent, Jordan & Bollman, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1889, 166, off Pacific coast
of Colombia, at Albatross Stations 3800, 38oi,a8oa, and 3805. (T3npe, No. 41163, IT. S.
Nat.Mu8. Coll. Albatroa$.)

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2163

edges
; tem-

8401. PRI0X0TU8 ALBIB08TRIH, Jordan & liollnian.

Head 3 in leugth (3f with caudal); depth 4^ (5}); eye rather large, 4^
in head. D. X-12; A. 11; pores along lateral line 50 to 55. Body moder-
ately elongate, little compreHRed, narrowed above, the width of the nape
lietwecn the occipital apinoH being 4^ in head ; bead rather short and high ;
eyes prominent, the anterior profile regularly foncave, the ey<'8 and fore-
head less prominent than in 1\ rubio. Snout broad, its breadth at angle
of month almost equal to its length, l!^ in head, its anterior margin not
produced, but slightly emarginnte; 8erru> short and even, blnntish, about
20 well developed ; whole edge of prcorbital with fine serra'. Anterior
nostril with a large flap. Surface of bones of head with strong radiating
striat, those in front of eyes most broken up into granulations. Mouth
moderate, maxillary 2^ in head, not reaching front of eye; bund of pala-
tine teeth rather broad. Interorbital space narrow, deeply concave,
smoother than rest of head, its least width 6^ in head; orbital rim ele-
vated, with coarse spine-like stria; in front, inner largest, forming the
preocular spine ; upper margin with moderate, strong scrra) ending behind
in a large, supraocular spine; no groove across top of head behind orbital
rim ; occipital ridges strong, the inner pair with a few asperities at base,
ending in a compressed spine, the outer with stronger serr.-e at base and
extending to opposite first dorsal spine ; temporal ridge slightly crennlate,
with 2 blunt spines; preopercnlar spine without a smaller one at base, but
with a high sharp ridge before it, serrulate at base, this ridge not ending
in a distinct spine; edge serrulate; suborbital stay with an elevated ser-
rulate ridge, but no spine; opercular spine small and blunt, smaller than
the strong humeral spine ; no spines on suborbital or preorbital ; membra-
naceous flap of opercle scaly. Gill rakers rather short, longer than inter-
spaces, the longest rather less than ^ eye, 5 most strongly developed.
Scales small, those on belly smaller than those on breast, not extending
before a line drawn between base of pectorals and ventrals ; abont 7 scales
between occiput and dorsal; spinous dorsal moderately high, the first
spine very strongly serrulate in front, shorter than second, which is i
head ; first ray of second dorsal serrulate at base, the longest ray very
slightly longer than snout; longest anal ray 3 in heid; oandal subtrun-
cate, li^ in head; pectorals long, reaching to the last dorsal ray or even
farther in young specimens, lf',y in body ; ventrals reaching third anal ray,
li in head. Coloration in spirits, grayish, unspotted, darkest above, and
with darker cross shades; snout and jaws white; the tip of each jaw, a
bar across each jaw, and 1 behind angle of mouth, black; a black bar on
anterior and another on posterior part of interorbital, the latter extend-
ing across the cheek; first dorsal dusky, vaguely clouded with darker;
second irregularly spotted, its posterior half dusky ; caudal broadly black
at base and tip, its middle part yellowish ; pectorals dark, with a slight
violet shade and traces of darker mottlings; middle of anal dusky;
ventrals dusky on upper surface. Pacific coast of tropical America;
taken at Albatross Station 3014, in Gulf of California ; also known from sev-
eral specimens, the largest 5^ inches long, dtedged at Albatrots Station 2795,
at a depth of 33 f&thoms. It approaches Prionotua qu%esoen% in technical

■ 1

; 'I

2164 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

oharacterH, but iu very (liferent in appearance; oasily (listingiiiBhed hy
tho Ibrm, armature, and cohtratiou of the head, (albua, white; routrum,
snout. )

Prionotvs albirostrii, Jordan & Bollman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mn«. 1889, 168, Pacific Ocean off
the coast of Colombia, at Albatross Station 3795, 7° 57' N., 78° 55' W. (Tyjte, No.
41162, cr.S.Nat.Mus.)

2402. PRIONOTUS BUBIO, Jordan.

(BCBIO VOLADOR.)

Head 3; depth Vy. D. X-11; A. 10; scales about 57, pores 52. Body not
very slender; gill rakers very short, tubercle-like, 9 or 10 developed, little
if any longer than the interspaces; first dorsal spine nearly smooth;
mouth not very large, the maxillary 2^ to 2| in head; interorbital npace
moderately concave, its width about ^ length of eye ; no cirrus above the
eye; distance from supraocular spine to nuchal scales about equal to eye;
supraocular and nuchal spines low; occipital spines wanting; temporal
ridge sharp, ending in a blunt spine; preorbital projecting, strongly ser-
rate; a blunt spine on each side of snout, behind Berra3 of preorbital; a
blunt spine behind this above angle of mouth ; no spine on cheek bone in
adult; upper opercular spine almost obsolete; bones of head rather
strongly striate, but not granulate ; scales rather large, about 52 pores ;
first dorsal spine not much shorter than second, which is 2\ in head ;
caudal very slightly concave ; pectorals longer than in any other species
(except alatus), reaching entirely past bases of dorsal and anal, its tip
subtruncate, the longest ray about the ninth ; ventrals reaching a little
past vent. Color in life, dark olive, with rivulations of light green; sides
shaded with pale salmon color ; edge of pectoral light blue, ventrals red-
dish; upper fins marked with difi'erent shades of brown. From related
species, P. ruhio is well distinguished by its long pectorals, and by its
very short gill rakers, mnch shorter than in any other species, P. ophryaa
coming nearest it in this respect. West Indies; not rare; our specimens
from Cuba and Jamaica, (rubio, robin, the Spanish name.)

Rubio volador, Pabra, Desor. Dif. Fiezas de Hist. Nat., 1787, lam. 38, Havana.

Prionotus punctatus,PoEY, Synopsis, 304,1868; Poey, Ennnmeratio, 41, 1875; Jordan &

Gilbert, Synopsis, 056; not Trigla punctata of Bloch.
Prionotut rvI)io, Jordan, Proo. TJ. S. Nat. Mns. 1886, 50, Havana (Coll. Jordan);

Jordan & Hitohes, Proo. IT. S. Nat Mus. 1886, 334.

2408. PBIONOTUS OPHBTAS, Jordan & Swain.

Head 3 in length (3^ with caudal); depth 4^ (5^); eye 4i in head. D.
VIII-13; A. 11; scales (transverse series) about 75; pores in lateral line
about 50. Body rather slender, narrower anteriorly and more compressed
above than in other species, the width of the nape between the outer pair
of occipital spines being not quite ^ the length of the head; upper profile
of head peculiar, being nearly straight from above front of eye backward,
and steep and strongly concave from front of eye to tip of snout, the
snout, therefore, steeper, more depressed, and rather shorter than ii..*Alated
species, its length being 2i in head; snout not very broad, its firont

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2105

broadly Tounded, its tip, as usual, emur^inate, its edge with Hue H«>rrt«4
directed backward, but no Hpiuett; surfacus of boueu of tbe bead covered
witb flue, sbarply deiiued Htriiu, but witb vt^'w of tbe auiull grunuliitioua
wbicb are found in V. Htrigatm and other Hpecifs. Mouth rather wide,
tbe imixillury reaching iu>arly to fronc of eye, the mandible quite to front
of eye; maxillary 2i in head; band of palatine ttieth of moderate length,
as long as eye. Eye large, phiced high; up])er part of <<yo with a ilcHby
cirrus rather enlarged toward the tip and fringed, this resembling the
cirri in Scorpwiia, its It-ngth about i that of the eye ; interorbital area
very narrow and very deeply concave, its least width little more than i
the length of the heail and not ^ the length of tbe eye; depth of inter-
orbital area nearly i 1' jgth of eye; bone forming anterior portion of
orbital rim very prominent, forming a strongly striated crest, each of the
striie ending in a projecting point or spinule; upper portion of orbital rim
prominent, even, ending behind the eye in a sharp backward-directed
spine, behind which is a short cross groove, which does not extend across
tbe top of the head; distance from the base of this spine to the scales on
nape very short, not more than i the length of the eye ; both pairs of
«)ccipital spines distinct, the outer and larger ones extending to opposite
front of dorsal; a small spine on temporal region in front of outer pair of
spines; preopercle with a single moderate spine at the end of a long ridge;
no smaller spine at its base ; operclc strongly striate, with 2 strong spines,
of which the upper one is proporti<mately larger than usual; a single,
rather strong humeral spine; membranaceous flap of opercle scaly. Gill
rakers very short and thick, about 9 developed, these not i longer than
the interspaces, and not i length of eye; they are about i as broad as
high, thus having a form very dit!erent from that seen in P. evolava, P.
atrigatus, P. tribulus, etc. Scales rather large, the scales on the back little
reduced in size, about 10 between occiput and dorsal fin (17 in /'. stri-
gatu$). Dorsal spines high and rather slender, the iirst rather the high-
est, its length 1^ in head, its anterior margin not granulated ; soft dorsal
rather high, its longest ray 2 in head ; caudal li in head ; longest anal ray
2I( in head; pectorals rather long, extending nearly to last rays of dorsal,
their length almost twice head ; detached rays moderate, the uppermost
or longest 1^ in head ; ventrals 1^ in head. Coloration largely faded in
the typical example; deep crimson in life; pale below; caudal with 2 dark
cross bands; pectorals dusky, the free rays with dusky spots; ventrals
pale, with some dusky bands ; hfiad nearly plain, the cirri dark. A sec-
ond specimen, in very bad condilrion, has since been obtained by us from
the same source. In this the undigested parts of the head and body are
of a deep crimson. Probably all the deep-water species of this genus will
be found to be red in life. Gulf of Mexico, in deep water; known only
from the Snapper Banks, near Pensacola. Described from the original
type, 7i inches long, taken from the stomach of a Red Sna])per {Neomwnis
aya), from the Pensacola Snapper Banks, by Mr. Silas Stearns, {oijffjvai,
having projecting eyebrows.)

Prionotus ophryaa, Jobdan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Kat. Mus. 1884, 542, Snapper Banks off
Pensacola (Type, No. H6944. Coll. Silas Stearns) ; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 115, 1885 ;
Jobdan &. Hughes, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 334.

2166 Bulletin ^j, United States National Museum.

f\'

2404. PBIONOTUN HTKAUNNI, Jordan A Snain.

Adult exaiiiplo: Head 2it in length (3j^ with onudal); depth 4J| (6\); oye
5i^ in head. D. VIII or IX-12; A. 12; scales iu tranHverHO series about 50;
poruH in lateral lino about 52; length of specimen, 14^ inches. Bodj' ratht^r
robuHt, formed much an in I', tribulua; width of nupe between occipital
spineH not quite k length of head; head very large, broad, and unusually
smooth, the profile, except for the prominence of the orbital region, form-
ing a very gentle and somewhat regular arch ; snout very broad, truncate
at tip, its breadth at tip 3i^ in head, its length 21i ; edge of snout granular,
without spines. Surface of all bones of head very finely, evenly, und
regularly striated, the striat much liner than in P. tribulua, their granula-
tions all minute. Mouth wide, the maxillary reaching front of eye, its
length about 2^ in head. Band of palatine teeth well developed. Eye
large, ]daced high; no cirri; interorbital space about as in P. tribulus,
rather broad and moderately concave, wider than the eye, and about 5 in
head. Bone at anterior portion of orbital rim very itrominent, serrulate,
its principal ridge ending in a stout, blunt spine; supraorbital rim little
prominent and without spine; no cross groove on top of head; a slight,
bluntish spine behind eye; no spines on temporal ridge; outer pair of
occipital spines short, strong, compressed, not quite reaching front of dor-
sal; inner pair and their ridges obsolete; opercular and preopercnlar
spines short, the latter with no smaller one at its base; upper opercular
spine very weak ; humeral spine moderate; membranaceous flap of opercle
with about 5 rows of scales; no spine on cheek bone. Gill rakers short
and few, little longer than in /'. ophryaa, the longest about i interorbital
width, about i longer than the interspaces, and perhaps 5 times as high
as broad; about 9 gill rakers developed. Scales comparatively large,
those on the back little reduced in size, about 10 before dorsal fin ; 7 scales
in a vertical row from first ray of soft dorsal to lateral line. Dorsal fins
rather low and strong (the first Injured), with its anterior margin uo|,
granulated; the third 2f in head; soft dorsal moderate, its longest ray 3^
in head; caudal A'ery slightly concave, its longest rays lit in head. Pec-
toral fins rather short, reaching third ray of anal, 2^ in body, their length
little more than length of head ; detached rays tapering, a little more
than i head; ventrals about reaching vent, 1^ in head. Color in alcohol,
nearly plain brownish olive, with dark shades at the bases of many of
the scales, giving a mottled appearance; head everywhere conspicuously
reticulate with blackish, in fine pattern ; pectoral tin dusky, with a net-
work of fine black cross streaks; dorsats similarly marked, the spinous
dorsal with a diffiise black blotch between the fourth and sixth spines;
caudal plain, slightly dusky ; anal and ventrals pale; pectoral filaments
nearly so. In the young the body is more slender, the snout less
broad, with a slightly emarginate tip, eye larger, 4f in head ; no spine or
groove behind the eye; gill rakers more slender, about 13 in number.
Galf of Mexico ; in deep water. Known from 2 specimens, both taken on
the Snapper Banks, off Pensacola, by Mr. Silas Stearns. The original
type is a small specimen, not 4 inches long. The other is very birge, about
13 inches long, larger than any other specimen of Prionotua which we have

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2167

uver seen. In Hpite of th« n^niarkiihlo (litVen'ncoH in appearimro of tie
two spe<'iin«nH, tbere Ih little reiiHon to doubt their specillu identity, hh
very Hiniilur diiferenres diHtinKuiHli the young and old of P. tribulii». Ao-
oording to Mr. StouruH, the huge apei'inicn w»h in life of a bright rriniaou
red. Of all the speviea of the genus tlw ]iroHent on«) hiia the apineH of the
head least developed, its upprr surface being almost smooth. (Named for
the late Hilas Stearns, of Ptmsacola, long a voliintoer assistant to the V. S.
Fish Commission, and a most intelligent student of uconomic questions in
marine ichthyology.)

I'rionoluB tUamti, Jokdan & SwAIN, Froo. TT. R. Kat. Mun. 1884, 541, Peniacola, yoiintt
(Type, Xo. :i6943. Coll. Silas SteamH) ; Jordan, Cat. Fish. X. Am., 115, ISH.') ; Jokoan,
Proo. r. S. Nat. Mils. 1880, 228, adult; Jordan Sc Uuuueh, Prov. U. U. Nat. Mas. 1886,
836) OooDE & Bean. Oceanic Icbtbyology, 460, 1806.

840ft. PRIONOTUS NTBIflATlIS (Cnvier & Valoiiclcnnes).
(Northern Striped Gurnard; Krown. winged Sea-Huiun.)

Head 2}; depth about 4. D. X-12; A. 11; scales 50 to 00 pores. Body
rather robust; head moderately large; preopercular spine with a distinct
smaller one at the base. Caudal fln very slightly lunate; pectoral tin sub-
truncate. Cheek bone without distinct spine at the center of radiation;
edge of preorbital granular-serrate, without «listin<;t spine, the serrie about
12 in number on each side; temporal ridges roughiMh, but without spines;
bones of the head with the striie coarsely granular; mouth moderate, the
maxillary about 2^ in head; head not very broad, the spines on its upper
surface, except the nuchal spine, incouHpicuous. Gill rakers longer and
slenderer than in other species, 15 to 20 developed. Coloration brownish ;
side with a very distinct dusky bronze band below the lateral line and
parallel with it, this becoming broken posteriorly into a series of roundish
dark spots ; some dark streaks and clouds below this stripe ; tins with dark
clouds, the soft dorsal with 2 dark blotches, which extend as bars on the
back; head with scattered dark spots; dusky area below eye; pectoral
with its rays each crossed by tine black bars, these especially distinct
toward the base of the tin; free rays spotted; iuterorbital area broad and
iilmost flat, its wi<lth a little more than length of eye; flrst dorsal spine
granulated ; second spine 2^ in head ; pe<-toral8 about i the length of the
body. Atlantic coast of the Northern States, Cape Cod to Virginia; very
common in shallow water. The specimens here described from Marthas
Vineyard. It is extremely close to Prionotus evolana, of which it may be
a geographical variety. We have, however, as yet seen no intermediate
examples, which should be looked for off the coast of Virginia, {atrigatua,
striped.)

Trigla lineata, Mitcbill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. New Tork, i, 1814,430, pi. 4, fig. 4; not

Trigla lineata, Bloch.
Trigla strigata, CcviBR, R^gne Animal, Ed. n, vol. 2, 161, 1829, New York ; after lineata,

Mitchill.
Prtonotua lineatus, De Kat, New York Fanna: Fishes, 45, pi. 4, fig. 12, 1842; Stoebr,

Synopsis, 50, 1846; OVnther, Cat., Il, 102, 1860.
Prionotut evolans vor. lineatu», Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 736, 1883.

21flS Bulletin ^7, Uuifed States National Museum,

I'rionotui itriftatim, (.'uviKB & Vai.RN< iKNNKn, HUt. N»t. roiia,, riO, 1020; Storbh
lt«|Mirt KIhIi, Mama., 12, 1H30; Avkkh, IloHt. Juuni. Nat. Hiitt., iv, 184L', 258; Jor-
dan &.<iii.i)KUT, Syiio|mlH, 1(74, I8X:|, f|<>U<; JUKDAN, Cut. Fisll.N. Am.. MS, IHM; JOHOAN
it. IturiiiKH, True. ii.8. Nut. Miih. 1880. Xtfi.

/Vt»n»(i<« <-r«(an«, (tooOK &. ItK.v.x, Dull. Khhkx Innt., xi, 12, 187D; Hran, I'roo. V. H. Nat.
Mum. 1H80, 84; OooDK, Nut. llUt. Aquatic Auiuiula, 26r>, pi. 71, 1884, and uf writ«rH|
not Trit/la evolanii, LiatiMvn.

•am. I>KI<»UTI'N KVOLA.\M (LiniuDua).

;,2^i

(HoiniiRKN SritiPKii (ii'KN.vun.)

Head 2)1; depth 4}. D. X-12; A. 11; lateral lino with 53 poros; soft
dot'Hal high, loiigeat ray e<|iialiiig longeHt Hpiiiu, 2^ in head; caudal ',\i in
length. Hudy and head Btout<M* than in Vrionoius airigaius ; edgoofpre-
orbital grannlar-8<Trato, without diutinc^t spine, tliu serrii* ai)out 12 in
uumlter «»n each Hide; mouth moderate; preupercular apinu with a smaller
oDo at its hnae; acales larger than in I'rionolua atriyatita, 8 + 1 + 21 in a
viTtical line from last doraal apine to vent; interorbital Hpace more dm^ply
concave, its width in adult not ({uito length of eye; first doraal apine
nearly smooth ; aucond spino 8 in h*>ad ; pectorals a little more than i of
the body. Color in life, olive brown uAiove, lieeoming light olive on
sidea, white below; back with 3 brown croas bars, the firat under apinona
doraal, the aecond under tirat third of aecond doraal, the thinl under its
end, all of theau bara extending downward and forward to lateral line,
the posterior forming a brown blotch on baHu of last dorsal raya ; back
and aides with numerous small white apota, irregular in shape and si/e;
these often wanting ; a lateral lino running in a narrow brown streak;
distinct broad reddish-brown streak from humeral spine backward to
opposite end of anal; traces of a narrow streak above this; branchioa-
tegal membrane yellowish above; a dork-brown streak from angle of
month to base of preopercular spine; opentle dusky brown without, deep
reddish brown within; eaudal with a light-brown bar at base, then a
broad translucent bar, the terminal J orange yellow, narrowly margined
behind with white; spinous dorsal dusky, with a ditt'uae black blotch
between fourth and sixth raya above; soft d<u'sal translucent brnwnisli,
without streaks of any kind ; anal wine color, translucent a'^ '*Jase and
tip; ventrals light reddish ; pectorals glaucous greeu within, the lower rays
reddish, the upper white; the outer side dark greenish brown, unbarred,
with a very narrow blue niaigin behind. This form ia in aome respecta
intermediate between Prioiiotiia atrigatua and P. tribulua. The cidor ia
in moat particulara like that of P. tribulua, but the white spots on back
and sides are much leas numerous, or wholly wanting, and the brown bar
backward from humeral spine ia present, as in P. atrigatua, and the dorsal
fin ia not barred ; the gill rakers are, aa in P. atngatua, alender and fine, 18
to 20 developed on lower limb ; the spines on the head are not strong as in
P. tribulita, that above orbit behind not conspicuously raised above aurface
of head. In 2 specimens from Beaufort, North Carolina, the pectorals
are much lengthened, reaching nearly to base of caudal, but this seems
to be here, as in P. tribulua, a very variable feature, as specimens from

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America, 2100

CharloHtou huvo tlie puotorairt but \ len^tli of bu<ly. The doHcriptiou ut'
Triijla ei'olan* givou by Liniiii^H itt uf vtM-y littlo vitliio, but tb« ludeMcrip-
tiuii ul* tbo type givni by Dr. H«<iin 1«uv«>h littlo doubt thut it 1h tbiH
species. In tbia Hpocioit tlie gill rakoi-H ure btiiKrr tbiiii iii any otbor oxcnpt
itH uiuiloKUu, /'. atriijalnt. lUno ileNcrilM'd from Hput-initMiH from Cbarloaton
and Ituaufort. Snutb Athuitiit couHt uf (Jnitrd StatoH; known only from
North and South Carolina, where it m looully abundant. (vvolanB, tlyiuK
out.)

Trigla fvnlan*, Linn^ith, Syit Nat., R<1. xn, 4Bfl, 1700, Carolina ((.'oil. Dr. Alex, (ianlen);
Bkan, I'ritc. U.S. Kat. Mua. 1H85,204; deHcrlptio.i of Liiiiiuan l.\|m.

Prioniilim sarritur, Juudan J<. (iii.iiBUT, PrcN;. I'.S. N'at. Mim. 18fl'J, 015, Charleaton; Beau-
fort (Coll. Jordan &. Gilbert); Jokoan & QiUiiCUT, Synupaiii, 974, 1883; Johdan Si
Swain, rroo. U. 8. Kut. Mum. 1884, 541.

Prionotui eviilant, Qua., Cut. Fish. Eant Coaat X. Am., 21, 1S73; .roRnAN & ( lu.nERT, Proc.
U. H. Nat. Mua. 1878, ;i74 ; .loitnAN (!t Oujikut, .Synoimin, 7:i5, IHHU; .Tohiian, Cat. Fiali.
K. Am., 115, 1885; Johdan, Proo. U. 8. Nat. Mua. 1884, 641; Juuuam St. UuuuiM, Proo.
U.S. Nat. Mua. 1886, :)30.

3407. PRIONOTUN PUXCTATUH (niooh).

Head 2i^; depth 2^; ey«> 6 in head. D. X-12; A. 12; about 50poro8 in
lateral lino. Body Htout; head large; preopurcnlar spine with a Huuiller
one at ita bastt; pectorals reaching past middle of anal, their length not
quite I the body; gill rakerH rather li)ng and slender, about 10 devel-
oped; maxillary 2^ in head; a bluntinh spint* on edge of snout behind the
serrtn; behind this 1 or 2 smaller ones, at least in the young; no spine on
cheek bone; groove behind tho eye evident; interorbital area rather nar-
row, concave; ]>reocular, supraocular, occipital and nuchal spines rather
prominent; dorsal spines high, the third 2^ in head; flrKt. spine not ser*
rate; mouth large, maxillary 2^ to 2^ in head, and reaching nearly to the
eye; a small spine on center of radiation of irheek and 1 boiore it. Color
nearly plain ; spinous dorsal with dark clouds and without black ocelli ;
pectoral dark, with some round brown spots above; caudal dark barred;
a whitish area on back between dorsals. Our description is taken from 2
small specimens collected (probably at Tnxpan) on the east coast nf Mex-
ico, by Mr. T. Salt ; from the specimens in the museum at Paris, the types
of Cnviei "nd Valenciennes, and Arom a specimen taken by the Albatross
at Bahia. This species is certainly the Prionotus jyunotatus of Cuvier and
Valenciennes, but it may not be the species figured by Plumier, to which
Bloch has given the name of Trigla punctata. The figure of Plumier
shows a bright-red body, with many small spots of a darker red, while
red spots are scattered over all of the flns, except the spinous dorsal and
the ventrals. In g«. ^ral form and in the armature of the head, so far as
this is shown in the plate, Plumier's figure most resembles the present
species, but the red color suggests a possibility that some of the deep-
water species may have been intended. The present species corresponds
better to the figure than any other yet known. Bloch's figure of Trigla
Carolina, which has been identified with P. punctatut, is almost certainly
P. tribuluB. West Indies and coast of South America; not known from
the coasts of the United States, {punotatua, spotted.)
3030 59

2170 DHlktin ^7, Unikd Slahs National Afuseum,

Tritila punelata, IIixmii. lohtliyol.. pl> ^KI, 17l>a, Martinique; uii n ilniwIUK by I'i.umikR;
(JrviHH, iM,{iie Aiitiiiiil, Kil.-.>, vol.11, Ifll, IHl'U.

t'rioniitif iiunrtiitui,(:vvtKn \. V'ai.knciknnkfi, Illit. Nat. I'oUh., ' iv.KI, tN'JO; OOnthkr,
Cut., II, 10.1, IHtM) (ill pint) i .loiiDAN .V Hi-dilKH, i>ror. V. H. Nal. Mun. IMM, 33'.'; .Iuhdan,
I'ruc. U. M. Nut. Mua. 1800, 6U i JouuAM, Truo, U. M. Nat. Mua. 18U0, 328.

a4l>H. PRIOMOTirN BKA\II, Oi.odo.

Head 3; depth nnarly 4; t^reuteat width i ; t-yo nearly t in head or 2 In
Hnuiit. I>.X-I2; A.I, 10; I'. i:)-f:<; V.I, 5; Hiioiit 2 in licad, rqiiul to
mandible. Leant hriKht uf tail nearly Jl leiiifth of liuad, and e(|iial to Hhort
diani«>tur of nye; width of intororbital apaco on tliM bono ultont ^ tengtii
of Riiont; a furrow behind nyea whith Ih intornipted on nape; snout pro-
duced into 2 Nliort, obtiiHo, at-natod jiointH, liankctl Itohind on each aid*; by
a Hhort but Htoiit coniproHHud apine; bnhiiid tiiin on anont another abort
Hpiiio; a aliort apiiio on «-heek bono; anterior noatiil iu a tube which ia
produced posteriorly into a tlap; poati'rior noatril in a Inr^o, Hiiorter tubr;
proopui'cular Hpine, ulao, witli a short apiuc at ita baHc; picociilar uud
supraotuilar apinoa preaent; a pair of poHto<-ular apint-H on each Hide, one
ill front of tlie other; n pair of blunt Hpinea on occiput and another on
uap«>; length of opercular Hpine, luoaaiired back to the edge of prcoporclu,
eiiiial to length of poHtorbital partof head; humeral npine well developed,
itH length nearly equal to that of preocular; maxillary not reaching front
of eye, ItH length equal to poatorbital part of head; mandible reaching
about to vertical ft-ont of eye, itn length nearly | length of hdi.d. Teeth
in narrow, villiform bunds in Jawa and on vomer and palate; 8 developed
gill rakerH on the anterior arch, the longest about i an long aa eye; 5 rudi-
ments below and 2 above the developed rakers of the anterior arch, these
mere tubercles Hcarcoly raised above the general Hurface. Distance of
dorsal from tip of snout a little greater than length of head; length of
base of apinoiiH dorsal nearly 3 time<« length of eye; first spine serrate on
its anterior margin for the greater portion of its height, nearly us long as
the second, its length i length of head; third spine longeHt, its length i
length of head; lust 2 spines very small; third spino also serrated along
its anterior margin for the greater portion of its height; a very slight
interspace between the 2 dorsals ; length of first ray of soft dorsal eiiual
to that of second spine of dorsal ; length of last ray e(iual to i length of
spinous dorsal base ; length of middle caudal rays 3 times htngth of eye ;
caiidal slightly enmrginate; origin of anal immediately under origin of
soft dorsal; length of anal base i distance from unul io tip of snout, the
spine only about f us long as first ray, its length | length of maxilla;
length of longest anal ray ^ length of spinous dorsal base; ventral extend-
ing to origin of anal, its length equal to anal base; ])ectoral when
extended reaching to the line connecting the fifth ray of dorsal with sixth
ray of anal, this fin emarginate behind, its longest ray slightly longer than

* The types of Cuvier & Yalenoiennes in Paris aeera to be tlie Bperies usually called
Prionotua jmnetattu. There is also a apeciiiien in the niuseiim, la'jeled, appareutly in
the hand writing of Valenciennes: " TrigUt pvnetata nobis, Bl.. 253. Tr. earolina, Bl., 252.
I'rinnotut evolans, Lacttp. Itubio volador, Parra, tab. 38, du Bn'-sil. Qnoy et Gaimard, exp'n
Freyciuet." Tliis specimen, 0.25 ni. long, in good condition, is of the same S])ecie8 as the
one described above. Longest dorsal ttpiue 2^ iu head. Fores iu lateral line 85 to 00.

Jordan and F.vcrmann.— hlshcs of S\nth Atiwrica, 2171

IivimI iiikI iiioru tliiiii twiro litii^tli of loii^rHt dorHiil npiiio, 7 rowH of Hi-uloit
l)ctw««Mi liitenil lino iiml origin of h«u!«mi<I tlormil, l!> rowH bot\v«>»n liitural
Iin«t unil origin of iinni,.'tO porttii In liitt'i'iil lint', »ihI iiltoiit \y,\ ubll<|iu< rowa
of HculoH fuii \w couiitoil; H«'iil(>H on InuuHt foiiHptciioiiNly Hniiillt-r thiiii tbo
leHt. Color ill til<-uhol,.liglit luowniHh ,\«>llo\v ultov<<, liKlit(tr liflow; npin-
oiiR (lorHiil witii a lilaric blotch liutwcon tbo fourth iiul liftli epinua, ltd
it^Dgtb uluMit ii that of u,v««; thu iiuMubraiio connecting tbuHpint'H of doiHal
with faint «liiM|<y hIukIch in Huvcral plaren; niuiiibranu v-oiinucting tbo laH'u
\\ or t rayH of h<'cuu«1 dorH.il sliglitly tliinky; itoctoi-ul >vitb 2 broad dark
ai'oaH, Hoparatod and Hiirroiiiidcd by lighter, tbo dark laarkinKM on tbo
purtoralH not takinj^ tbo form of ban<lN, but having tlicir groatoHt length
nearly parallel with tbo axici of tbo llHh. Loiigtb i.( iuuhoH. Trluidud.
(Uoodo A llonn.) (Nanifd for Dr. Tarb'ton 11. Iteaii.)

J'riimoluii beattii, UuoOK, in (ioodk it, Kkan, Oroiinic IcklhyoloKy, 4*W, |il. uxii, tig. 3H3,
181H), off Trinidad, in 73 fathoma ('I'ype, No. :m:nH. Coll. Albatrotii.)

>.M»». ntlO>OTI N TKIBVIilK (Cuvier).

(ltl(lllKAI>ei) (iUUNAKU.)

Head 2A ; d«ptb r. (M to I in young). 1). IX or X-lL'or 13; A. U; P. 13+3;
Hcalea 4*J (tubes). Itody robiiHt; In^ad Hhorler and broader, Huoiit Hhorter,
and boucH more Htrongly Htriate than in /'. crolanii: "nterorbital space
dcttply eoucavo ; ot-cipital and supraorbital spiueH very strong and much
compressed; baud of palatine teeth as long as eye; gill rakers shortish, 9
below angle; membrauttcoous edge of operele scaly; ])reoperonlar spine
with a smaller one at its base, which is high and sharp ; cheek bono with a
spine (small in the adult, larger iu the young) at the center of radiutiou;
temporal ridge with 2 blnntish spines; bones of the head very sharply
striate; young with 4 sharp, knife-like spines on side of cheek and
snout, in a line beforo the preocular spine, these nearly disappearing with
age; maxillary about 2^ in h«>ttd; sides without dark longitudinal stripe.
Gill rakers slender in the young, becoming shorter and thicker with age,
about 10 dt^veloped on lower part of arch ; head broad, the spines on its
upper surface very prominent, all of them more or less compressed and
knife-like, especially iu the young. Second dorsal spine 2.< in head; pec-
torals moderate, 2 in body in the adult, 2^ in the yoang. Coloration in
life, light olive green, the head and body everywhert^ reticulated with
dark olive green, in deflnite patterns, the dark lines on the head conspic-
nous, arranged in a scru's of curves and concentric circles; the dark
streaks on the body mostly undulating and ascending backward; a dif-
fuse band along side of bright orange; belly white; 2 faint diffuse dark
bands downward and forward i'rom soft dorsal, the hindmost ascend-
ing on the fin; a fainter baud on spinous dorsal; spinous dorsal reddish,
<-londed with darker; a large dark blotch, not ocellated, between fifth and
sixth spines; second dorsal translu(;cnt reddish, with darker spots; anal
similar, paler, the spots almost obsolete; caudal reddish, with 3 darker
bands; ventrals plain light reddish; pectorals light, clear green on the
front side, grayish behind; with about 5 somewhat irregular dark cross

!■'

2172 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

baiulH, the 3 niudiuu broadest and forked or Y-sbaped above; upper edge
of pectoral pab^; pectoral appeiidagt'B reddish, barred with darker.
Young with soft dorsal, caudal, anal and ventral fins plain; spines pro-
portionally longer and fins shorter. South Atlantic coast, from Long
Island to Ilraz«)8 Santiiigo; very comuion southward, our description
chiefly from Galveston specimens, verified on others from Pcnsacola,
Cedar Keys, Charleston, and Ueanfort. A very abundant species, well dis-
tinguiHhcd from the others of the Atlanti<; by the greater development of
the spiiH^s of the head. The young have these spines much larger and
more comprt'ssed than the adult, and in the very young 3 or 4 strong
knife-like spines are d«)vcloped on each side of the snout, as in F. horrenii.
In very young examples the spine at the base of the preopercular spine is
much larger than the latter, {tribulm, scraping, from the thorny head.)

Trigla Carolina, Blocu, Ichtliyologia, 352, 1793, Carolina; not of Linn^US.

Triffla tiibubti), CuviER, R^gne Animal, £d. 2, vol. 2, 161, 1829, America.

Prionotug tribulvs, Ccvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poisa., iv, 98, pi. 74, 1829, New

York; Carolina; De Kay, New York Fauna: Fisliea, 48, 1842; GVnthek, Cat., u, 195.

1860; JOBDAN & GiLBEBT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1878, 373 and 374; Goodb, Proo.U.S.

Nat. Mu8. 1879, 111; Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 128; Jokdan & Gii-

BBBT, Proo. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 288 ; Jobdan & Gh^bebt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882,

61S; JoBDAN & GiLBEBT, Synopsis, 73r>, 1883; Bean, Cat. Fishes, London Intern.

Exhibit., 49, 1883; JoBDAN cfe SWATV, PitKJ. U. 3. Nat. Mns. 1884, 233; JoEDAN, Cat.

Pish. N. A., 115, 1885; Jobdan 8, Hughes, Proo. XJ. S. Nat. Mas. 1886, 366.

8500. PBI0N0TU8 HOIi!tE?fS. Kicbardsou.

Head2if; depth 4^; eye 51 in head. D. X-12; A. 10; scales about 100;
giU rakers rather long, about 5 developed. Body rather stout ; head large ;
interorbital area concave, li^ times diameter of the eye ; bones of the head
with strong, radiating striie; a preocular and 2 postocular spines; occipi-
tal and temporal ridges not very prominent, each ending in a spine;
opercular and humeral spines simple; preopercular spine with a smaller
one at its base; nuchal spine present; snout emarginate, its lobes den-
tate, its length 2^ in head; cheek with spine at point of radiation of
striic; a similar spine about i distance to tip of snout; first dorsal spine
nearly' as long as second, its edge nearly smooth ; the second the longest,
its length 2 in head; edge of first dorsal ray smooth; longest dorsal ray
2i in head; longest anal ray 3^ in head ; caudal fin emarginate. If in head;
X>ectorals rather short, their tips reaching about third anal ray, 3 in length
of the body ; ventrals not reaching anal by a distance equal to the diam-
eter of the eye, 3| in length of body. Color, uniform brownish above,
lighter below ; spinous dorsal dusky; no distinct black blotch ; soft dorsal
and caudal fins irregularly barred; ventrals aud anal white; pectoral
dusky on basal third, the rest of the fin lighter, with an interrupted broad
black transverse band across middle, a narrower one across the tip.
Pacific coast of tropical America; not rare in shallow water; ii.nown from
Mazdtlan to the Galapagos. The specimens here described from Mazatlan
and Alhatroaa Station 3041, off Lower California. Young examples in the
British Museum rre almost exactly like the young of P. iribulua, difter-
ing chiefly in the still larger proportionate size of the knife-like spines
on the head.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2173

The following notes on the typos of Prionoiua horrent wore taken by ns
in London: Three yonn;;; specimen, allied to P. trihulua, but the Hpincs
still larger and more knife-liko ; first spine on edge of snout broad and
serrate, 3 behind this progressively lurgor, then 2 largo spines on preo-
pevcle, the posterior one the largest; 2 smaller ones on opercle, and 1
very larg<^ on the scapula; 2 sharp ones over each eve; 1 behind the eye;
2 on top of head and 2 on orciput. Mouth large, maxillary reaching front
of eye, 2^ in head; gill rakers long and slender, 5; scales small; pec-
torals short, 3 in body, reaching somewhat past second dorsal front;
pectorals and tip of caudal dusky; no groove behind the eye; belt of
palatine teeth narrow. (Jiorrcna, bristling (creating horror), from the
large head spines.)

I'rionotus horrent, Richardson, Voy. Sulph., Icbth., 79, pi. 42, flgH. 1-3, 1843, Gulf of Fon-
Bcca; GOntueb, Cat., n, 195, 1860.

II!

793. BELLATOR, .Tordan & Evermann.

Bellatnr, Jordan & Evebhann, Check- List Fishes, 488, 1896 (militarit).

This genus is closely allied to PrionoMs, differing chiefly in the great
development of the first iind second dorsal spines, wbicli are about as long
as body. Scales large and very rough. Snout short, abruptly descending.
West Indies, (bellator, warrior.)

a. Body robnst; scales If.rge, 40 tubes; snout fvith serrated process. militaris, 2501.
aa. Body slender-, scales moderate, 60 tubes; snout without processes, eqretta, 2502.

2601. BELLATOB MILITARIS (Goode & Bean).

HefldS; depth 3]^; eye 10|, = intercrbital width; snout 2-^. D.X-11;
A. I, 9; P. 12 +3; V. 1, 5. Body short, stout, its greatest width at base of
pectorals nearly i of length. Head short, snout abruptly descending and
with 2 rather long diverging spinous processes at its tip. Orbits much
elevated, spines large, and jaws small ; distance measured obliquely from
tip of rostral spine to edge of opercular flap 2i in length; nearly all of the
spines of head and exposed edges of preorbital, mandible, and opercles
minutely serrate; the diverging spines upon snout themselves armed along
margin by numerous spicules; a strong spine on preopercle, with a sec-
ondary spine at its base; the spine on preopercle as long as snout; a stout
spine on opiTnulum, another in humeral region, another on nape extending
backward to base of fourth dorsal spine. Teeth in jaws, and on vomer
and palate, very small, in villiform bands. Length of maxillary a little
greater than that of eye; length of mandible a little less than that of
snout, reaching about to the vertical from front of eye; a furrow across
nape immediately behind eyes; 9 developed gill rakers on the anterior
arch, besides several rudiments ; all of the gill rakers very short. Pseudo-
branchiae present. Branchiostegals 7. Distance of dorsal from tip of snout
2^ in body ; first 2 dorsal spines much produced ; length of first almost
equal to standard length ; length of second slightly greater than that of
first ; the short spine about twice as long as mandible ; when the dorsal

2174 Bulletin ^7, U?iited States National Museum.

spines are fully extended they reach nearly to tip of caudal; anterior
margins of first 3 spines minutely serrated, the serrations being in several
rows; longest ray of so.'f; dorsal abont J as long as head; length of middle
caudal rays ociual to length of anal bane ; caudal slightly eniarginate ; length
of pectoral a littl«« less than 2 in body; longcHt Hcparate ray of pectoral
about 1^ tinioH as long as shortest, its length equal to that of middle
caudal rays; length of ventral spine ^ of length of longest ventral ray;
ventral when extended reaching to third ray of anal; longest anal ray
about i as long as head ; scales very rough, in about 7 rows between
origin of second dorsal and lateral line, and id lows below lateral line;
lateral lino with about 40 tubes, the number of rows of scales counted
obliquely about 55. Color iu life, rosy ; head and pectoral speckled with
dark brown ; 6 or 7 small dark blotches on upper edge of pectoral. Some
specimens have the inner surface of pectoral do,rk on its lower half. In
1 speciraan the dark blotches on pectoral <ire grouped into 4 half bands,
of which the middle 2 are very small. Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, Gulf of
Mexico. (Goode &. Bean.) {militaria, like a soldier, from the high spines.)

Piionotus militariH, Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 464, pi. cxi, flg. '.80, nn<l pi.
cxii, fig. 384, 1896, off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, in as fathoms. (Coll. Albatroti.)

2502. BELLATOR EQBKTTA (Goode &. Bean).

Head2f; depth 4^; eye 3^ in head; snout 2^; interorbital width 2 iu
eye. D.XT-11; A. 1, 10; P. 12+3; V.I, 5; gill rakers ar+9; maxillary
nearly 3 ; mandible 2^^ ; scales 9-100-32, 60 tubes. Body rather slender,
tapering rapidly posteriorly; head moderiitely long; snout not descend-
ing so abruptly as in P. militaris, without projections in front. Spines
of head moderately strong, without subsidiary basal spines; opercular
and preopercular spines about equal in length, 2 in snout ; exposed edges
of bones of head minutely serrated, teeth at end of snout slightly
enlarged ; humeral spine small ; nuchal spines not well developed ; 1 or 2
spines at front of supraorbital, and 2 or 3 at its posterior portion. Teetli
in villiform bauds on jaws, and on vomer and palatines, the vomerine
baud very narrow. A slight groove across the nape immediately behind
eyes, continued downw.ard by an interspace between the preopercle and
opercle. Distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal equal to length of
head; base of spinous dorsal equal to length of head withont snout; first
dorsal spine coarsely serrated for first sixth of its length, produced into a
filament extending b(*yond end of caudal, the spine thus exceeding length
of fish ; second spine nearly as long as base of fin, the last 3 small; several
succeeding spines also weakly serrated on their anterior margins ; first ray
of second dorsal serrated ou anterior margin, the rays increasing in size
to the ninth which i'j nearly i length of head ; caudal somewhat emargi-
nate, length of middle rays a trifle longer than base of spinous dorsal;
origin of anal almost directly opposite that of second dorsal; length of
anal spine about f that of first ray, the rays increasing in length posteri-
orly, the ninth being 2 in base of second dorsal ; longest separate pectoral
ray as long as base of second dorsal, the shortest 2 in head ; ventrals
reaching origin of anal. Color light brownish yellow ou back, paler

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2175

beneath; fins, except pectoral and ventral, pale; pectoral with 5 dark
bandp. the third oxten«liiig entirely across the fin. Known only from the
type taken off Barbados between 100 and 200 fathoms, (cgrctia, an ej^ret,
in allusion to the elongate dorsal ray, resembling the plume of an egret.)

rrionotua egretta, Goode & Ukan, Oceanic, Ichth., 465, fig. 381, 1896, off Barbados, at Blake
Station 64. (Type iii Mtis. Comp. Zool.)

794. CHELIDONICHTHYS, Kaup.
(Small-scaled Gurnakds.)

Chelidoniehfhyg, Kaitp, Archiv f. Naturfjpschichto 187:{, 87 (hinindo).

This genus differs from Prionotus cliiefly in the absence of palatine teeth.
The scales are macb smaller, and the pectoral lins less developed; a series
of bony, spinous plates extends along the base of the dorsal fin, a pair of
them to each ray, the fin thus running in a shallow groove; there are no
plat(f8 along the lateral line; caudal fin usually emargiuate. Lateral line
usually forking at base of caudal, the branches running to tip of fin.
The numerous species abound on the coasts of Europe, Africa, and India;
ranging north to Japan. (x^XiSajy, swallow; ix'^vi, fish.)

2508. CIIELIDOXICHTHTS PICTIPINNIS (Kaup).

The following description* is taken from Dr. Kaup's original type,
kindly sent us from the museum in Hamburg by Dr. Georg Pfister,
Curator:

Head 3^ (to tip of rostral lobe); depth 5j^. D. IX-16; A. 15; pec-
toral 10 H- 3 detached rays; scales about 68. Width of head If in its
length; width of nape between occipital spines 3^ in length of head;
npper profile of snout straight. Snout long, a little more than twice in
head ; emarginate at tip, the preorbitals extending beyond it on either
side; each preorbital with about 5 blunt spines. Mouth very wide, its
greatest width (measured inside) 2\ in head; maxillary reaching front of
orbit, 2;^ in head. Vomerine teeth present in a small crescent-shaped
patch, villiform ; no teeth on palatines ; a wide band of well-developed
villiform teeth present on each jaw. Eye large, 4f in head. Interorbital
space deeply concave, 1| in eye. Depth of caudal peduncle 1^ in eye.
Gill rakers 9, about 2^ in eye. Bones of \,he head covered with radiating
8tri«5 which are comparatively fine, smooth and regular ; i>reopercle with
2 spines at the angle, the upper much the larger; opercle ending in
2 spines; humeral spine long and strong; supraorbital rim anteriorly
with 2 spines; a bony groove extending the entire length of the dor-
sals, formed by 24 plates, each of which ends on the side in a spine ; a
short, somewhat obscure transverse groove behind each eye, the two not
continued across the occiput. Scales small, cycloid, present on back,

* Dr. Pflster sends the followine note under date of January 2, 1896:
" Das Eaup'sche Oricinal-Stiick von Trigla piclipinnig war in unseren Eatalogen nicht
entbalten; erst dnrrh lUnKflre Studien im Archiv ergab Rich, dans das Stiick, welches ich
Ihnen nunmeiir iibersaiidt habe, thatBtichlich das Orifrinal-Stiick von Kaup ist ; es stand
im Museum als Trigla hirundo, Barbados, Ug. Ehrhardt."

2176 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Bides, and belly; none on fins excepting on caudal, on which they extend
nearly to tip; those in latt^ral line elongate, enlarged. Pelvic bone dia-
mond-shaped, not scaled. If in head, its width twice in its length;
region of axil of ventrals and pectorals naked. Base of spinous dorsal 1^
in head, third Hpine If in hr^ad, all the spines smooth ; base of soft dor-
sal 1^ time; as long as head, longest soft ray 2^ In head ; base of anal
slightly greater than head ; pectoral reaching about to Hevcnth anal ray,
2f in body; the upper dutached ])ector3l ray the longest, 1^^ in head, mid-
dle detached ray 1^ in upper, lower 1^ in middle; ventrals reaching
origin of anal, li in head. Color (in spirits) : back and upper half of
sides reddish brown; lower portion of sides golden silvery; belly, anal,
base of pectorals, and base of ventrals white ; head light chocolate brown ;
dorsals, caudal, ventrals, and detached rays of pectoral translucent, the
membrane of pectorals satin-like and very dark brown, the rays white;
6 or 7 conspicuous, small white spots on the inside of pectoral on its lower
half. Type 13 inches long, in the museum at Hamburg, aid to hav( 'lecn
sent from Barbados. This specimen agrees perfectly wi.. - descriptions of
Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson & Garnot) from New Zealand. It prol»ably
came from the South Seas, not from Barbados, and should not be admit-
ted in this work. Chelidonichthys apinosus McClelland, of which we have
specimens from Japan, although closely related, is a different species.
The following is the substance of Dr. Kuup's account :

Pectoral reaching seventh or eighth anal ray; dorsal spines smooth,
reddish brown above, yellow on sides ; belly white ; pectoral colqred on
the inner side as in Trigla peronii and in Trigla kumu ("a large black
blotch and white spots in variable number"). First dorsal uniformly
colored ; 4 black spots along median line of back, and 2 spots on side, par-
allel with the first 2 dorsal spots ; a black spot before the first dorsal spine ;
a similar spot below tho hinder half of the eye. One specimen a foot long
in the Hamburg Museum from Barbados. (Kaup.)
The subgenus Chelidonichthys to which it is referred is thus described :
Preorbital plate of the steeply truncate snout somewhat prominent,
with blunt teeth; spines of preopercle and opercle short; first dorsal
with slender spines, the anterior entirely smooth or somewhat rough;
first dorsal with 9 or 10; second with 1 spine and 16 soft rays; anal with
15 or 16 soft rays ; scales very small ; lateral line somewhat prominent,
without spines. The species reach a length of 8 inches to afoot or more.
(pictus, painted; pinna fin.)

Trigla pictipinnit, Kauf, Archiv fur I^atorgeachichte 1873, 87, Barbados 7 (Coll. Ehr-
liardt. Type.Mus. Hamburg.)

795. TRIGLA (Artedi) Linn^us.

(Mailed Gurnards.)

Trigla (Abtedi) Lnra^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 300, 1758 (eiiculut). .

This genuB differs from Chelidonichthys, with which it agrees in the ab-
sence of palatine teeth, in having the sides of the body armed with trans-
verse bony plates, crossing the lateral line. Species numerous; very

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2177

ahnodant in the Mcditftrranean. {rpiyXa, Trigla, cliisBioal name of
Afullua barbatus, still used by the tishormen of the Adriatic, transferred to
this grou:^ by Artodi for no evident reason.)

8604. TRIGLA €VOULVI«, LinntDiis.

(Red Gurnard.)

Head 3^; depth 5j^. D. IX-17; A. 16; plates along lateral line 65; eye
5i in head; second dorsal spine 1^; pectoral l^j^; anal 1^; caudal 1^.
Body not anywhere compressed; head everywhere covered with rough,
bony plates; month moderate, with bands of villiform teeth on jaws and
vomer; maxillary scarcely reaching to front of eye; snout trunoate, with
2 or 3 Hpiues on each side ; eyes placed high ; a couple of spines on supra-
orbital riui above anterior edge of eye; intcrorbitul deeply concave; post-
temporal, with its upper surface rugose, eniling us a spine behind ; a couple
of spines on opercle in front of the flap ; a spine on clavicle just above
pectoral fin ; a series of long, narrow plates .along lateral line ; back and
sides covered with small scales, belly naked ; a ridge of about 26 spines
extending along base of dorsals, ending at posterior end of soft dorsal ;
spinous dorsal triangular in outline, the second spine the longest, spines
rapidly decreasing in length behind it, second spine reaching to soft
dorsal when depressed; pectoral long and narrow, reaching to front of
anal ; ventrals inserted a distance of i eye behind lower end of base of
pectoral, reaching nearly to tip of pectorals; caudal long and emarginate.
Color rose-red on back, white below ; inner face of pectoral blackish, the
outer face slightly dusky; other fins dusky. Southern Europe; said by
Cuvier to have been once brought from New York by Milbert; a very
doubtful record. No recent collector has found any species of Trigla in
American waters. The specim-fn here described is from the Paris market.
(cuculua, cuckoo.)

Trigla tola rubens, Artedi, Genera Fiscium, 45, 1738.

Tritila cuculu** LuiSJEua, Syst. Kat., Ed. x, 301, 1758, Mediterranean, open sea ; after
Artkdi.

Trigla pint. Block, Ichthyol., pi. 355, 1793 ; GOnther, Cat., n, 199 ; Covier * Valen-
ciennes, Hist. Nat. PoisH., iv, 26 j De Kay, New York Fauna: Fidhes, 43, pi, 70, 1842;
Day, Fisb. Gt. Brit., 58, 1880.

F-imily CLXXXV. PERISTEDIID^.

(The Deep-water Gurnards.)

Body elongate, fusiform, covered with bony plates, each of which is
armed with a strong spine ; head bony ; each preorbital produced into a
long, fl.at process, which projects more or less beyond the month; mouth
small, inferior, like that of a sturgeon; teeth none; lower jaw provided
with barbels; gill membranes separate, narrowly joined to the isthmus

* Polynemus tridigitatut, MiTCHn,L, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc., I, 449, 1815, New York (no
description), referred by Dr. GUnther to the aynonymy of Trigla euculus, is apparently
baaed on a recollection of some species of rrionotut. It is certainly not a Trigla.

2178 Bulletin <j.y, United States National Museum.

anteriorly; gill rakoi'Holeiider. DnrHal <iii coiitiniioiiHor divideil. Pcctn-
rul fin short, with th« 2 lowermost rays detached. Ventrals 1, 5, 8oparat<<d
by a broad, flat area. Air bladdt-r Hiiuple. Pyloric cmca about 10. Color
Ken«<!rally r(;d. Deep-sea tiHhes; 2 or 8 genera and about 13 spt^cios known,
bearing some resemblance to young sturgeons.

a. Uarbels at angle of month in largo tiii'tii of fringOH ; dorsal tins 2. Perihtedion, 706.
aa. Barbels at angle of mouth minute, simple or nearly ho; dorsal tins 2.

VULSICULUS, 797.

796. PERISTEDION, Lact^pMe.

Periitedion, LACi^;pfeDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ni, 368, 1802 {malannat=eataphraetum).
Periatethris, Eaui>, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1850, 103 (eataphraetut) \ amended spelling.

Barbels large, forming large fringed tufts at angles of mouth and on
lower Jaw. Dorsal fins 2; charaetors otherwise included above, (nepi,
around; 6rTfOioy, diminutive of drifQui, breast, the breast being mailed.)

a. Body rather robust, the depth 4^ to 5 in length to base of caudal ; head about 2| in
length ; barbels long.
b. Length of preorbital extension about 3^ in snout; color uniform crimson.

MINIATUM, 2505.

bb. Length of preorbital extension 2 in snout; color red, with a black blotch near

tip of pectoral, and black on caudal. lonoibpathuh, 2506.

aa. Bo<ly slender, the depth 6 to 6} in length to base of caudal ; hea<l 3 to 3} ; barbels

moderate; fins mottled ov blotched.

0. Body very slender; preorbital process 2^ in snout; color yellowish; a pearly

lateral band ; back dotted ; fins mottled. oracile, 2507.

ee. Body much depressed; preorbital ])roce88 S in snout; color red, mottle<l and

blotched. pi^tycephalum, 2508.

2505. PERISTEDION MIMATUM, Goode.

Head2i; depth b. D.VII-18; A. 17; C. 16; P. 10+2; V.I, 5; plates 27 to
29. Armature of body essentially as in Perisfedion breviroatre; * spines of ab-
dominal plates very weak posteriorly : length of preorbital process 3^ in
distance from its extremity to front of orbit ; interorbital space deeply
concave; protuberance on the forehead very slight; a pair of spines on
upper surface of snout behind base of preorbital processes; a larger pair
on preorbital processes ; ridge of preopercle ending \n a depressed, short,
sharp-pointed spine; about 10 small tentacles on each side of lower jaw,
those near the symphysis smallest. Long tentacles at angle of mouth
ft-inged, extending to bases of pectorals. Length 12 inches. Gulf Stream,
in variotis localities, at a depth of about 150 fathoms. (Goode.) (miniatua,
scarlet.)

Perittediati miniatum, Goode, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 340, Gulf Stream, o»7 Rhode
Island ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 733, 1883; Goode &Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology,
470, pi. cxui, figs. 385, 385A, B, 1896.

2506. PERISTEDION LONOISPATHUM, Goode & Bean.

D. VIII-19; A. 19. Body high anteriorly, its greatest height 4^ in total
length ; length of head without prolongsitions 2| in total length, with pro-
longatioi;3 2. Crown of head flat, separated from nuchal plate by a deep

* See Giinther. Cat., 11, 218, 1860.

Jordan and Ever mann. — Fishes of North America. 2170

furrow, which in conv«>x forward. Interorbital space deeply ronoave, the
anpraorbital margins being swollen, its width uqualing long diameter of
orbit. No protuberunce on forehead, which is much depreMsed, its outline
descending abrnptly and rapidly in i^'ont of eyes; a ridge but no spine
beneath eye Length of snout, including the prcorbital extension, more
than Hougth of head ; preorbital extension c<|ualingi length of snout; the
processes tlat, rounded anteriorly, and covere<l with minute granula-
tions; they diverge couHiderably, the dintance of tho tips apart being
nearly twice that at their bases; a ridge arises at base of preorbital
process and extends to angle of prooperculum, and its width at tho
angle is contained twice in diameter of orbit; a narrow, inconspicuous,
and interrupted ridge below; a ridge on operculum, ending in a sharp
spine at the angle, its length e(|tnil to diameter of eye. .laws feeble, tooth-
less; lower Jaw with 2 long, much fringed barbels and 14 shorter ones;
length of the long barbels twice diameter of the eyo; maxillary not
reaching vertical through anterior margin of eye; diameter of eye 4
in length of head without its prolongations; greatest width of head
over preopercular ridge, 3 in total length. Dorsal origin directly in a line
with upper angle of gill o))ening; longest spine slightly longer than
width of interorbital Hpace; anal origin under that of second dorsal;
caudal small, slightly emarginate, length of its middle rays 1^ times diam-
eter of eye; ventrals slightly in advance of pectorals, and extending far-
ther back, reaching slightly beyond vent and to vertical through seventh
row of scales ; pectoral short, extending to vertical from fifth scale of the
lateral line, the longest detached ray to the sixth ; 29 rows of scales. Color
in life bright roseate; a black blotch near tip of pectoral; dorsal with
narrow dark margin ; tip of caudal black. The elongation of the preor-
bital extension is noticeable in the smallest examples. (Goode «&. liean.)
West Indies, off Cuba and Barbados, (longus, long; apatha, sheath.)

Peri$Udiu7n longitpatha, GooDE & Bean, Bull. Mas. Comp. Zool., xii, No. 5, 166, 1886, off
Santa Cruz, in 314 fathoms (Coll. Blake) ; off Barbados, 309 fathoms (Coll. Blake),
and at other stations in the Gulf of Mexico (Coll. Albatrois) ; 600DB & Bban,
Oceanic Ichthyology, 472, pi. cxiv, flg. 386, 1896.

2507. PEBISTEDIOX CIBACILE, Goode & Bean.

B. 7 or 8. D. VIII-20; A. 1, 18; P. 11 -}- 2; V. I, 5. Body very slender,
its greatest height nearly j; of length. Length of head to tip of tlie pro-
longed rostral spine 48 mm. ; without the prolongations its length is 36
mm. or twice the greatest height of tlio l)ody. Interorbital space deeply
concave; interorbital width A length of snout, including rostral spine.
Forehead descending gently toward snout, the supraorbital crests very
little elevated. The rostral spine on e.ach side continued backward by a
slight bony ridge ending in a blunt spine at the angle of preoperculum.
Opercular spine small, the length of operculum witli the spine being about
equal to length of eye. Length of snout with preorbital extension a little
less than 4 in body; length of spine alone nearly equal to length of
mandible. Jaws feeble and toothless ; length of maxillary i length of
head; lengtL of mandible i length of snout with preorbital extension;

■

■i>-;

2180 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

mandible with 2 groups of barbels, 1 on each siile of its lower edge ; lengtli
of longest barbel equaling that of ey«; barbels snbdivided iuto several
fringes, the number of barbels on each side of the mandilile may bo
divided up into 8 or 9cluHters; mandible extending to vertical through
front of eye; 2ft gill rakers on first arch, the longest half as long ns eye.
Longitndinal diameter of eye nearly equal to width of interorbital space;
greatest width of head over preorbital ridge i length of snout includ-
ing the preorbital extension. Spinous dorsal originating directly above
end of the opercular flap ; the iirst spine slightly the longest, Its length
equaling length of snout and its projecting spine, also short diameter of
eye; longest ray of second dorsal nearly i length of head; least height of
tail i length of eye. Anal origin under second ray of soi't dorsal, the iln
extending as far back as the dorsal, the length of its base being 4 times the
width of interorbital area, the rays about a» long as those of second dorsal ;
length of middle caudal rays f length of eye, the fln being emarginate;
ventral base under pectoral base, the fin reaching to vent, its length
twice that of eye ; pectoral short, reaching to below eighth scute of the
lateral line, the longeHt detached ray reaching to below the ninth scute
of the lateral line, its length equaling ^ length of head; 30 scutes in the
lateral line. Color (of alcoholic specimen) very light yellow, a broad pearly
band along the sides; back stippled with light brownish; pectorals with
dark mottlings. Gulf of Mexico. Known from 1 specimen, 5 inches long.
(Goode & Bean.) (^radZts, slender:)

Pert«tedtonjiiractZ«, GooDB &BKAN, Ocean Ichthyology, 473, pi. oxiv, fig. 387, 1806, Gulf of
Mexico, in 14a fathoms, 98° a8' 30" N., 85° 5a' 30" W., at Albatrou Station 349.

2508. PERI8TEDI0X PLATTCEPHALUM, Goode & Bean.

D. yiII-17; A. 17. Body much depressed, its greatest height 6^ in body
length, 6f in total. Length of head without prolongations, twice the
height of body, 3| in its length, with prolongations 2\ in body length.
Interorhital space deeply concave, the supraorbital margin being swollen,
its width equal to the long diameter of the eye. No protuberance on the
forehead, which is much depresssd, its outline descending abruptly and
rapidly in front of the eyes. A ridge below the eye, not armed; a small
vertical spine behind each nostril. Stout spines iipon the operculum and
several upon the vertex. The length of the snout, with its extensions, is
i the length of the head, its processes about 3 in its own length. The
processes are flat, triangular, diverging slightly, the distance apart of
their tips 2 to 2} that at their bases. A ridge extending backward from
base of each process along the lower edge of the preoperculnm, ending
behind in a sharp, flat spine; the greatest width of the expanded portion,
on the preoperculnm, only ^ as wide as the eye; beneath this another
less conspicuous ridge with minutely serrated edge, which is double in
front and single behind, the 2 portions separated by a slight notch. Jaws
normal, the 2 tentacles much fringed, their length not much exceeding the
diameter of the eye ; between them, and placed about equidistant from
each, are 2 bunches of short tentacles, about 4 in each. Chin with numer-

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2181

■ '"1 " I " ' ■ ■ ■ ' 111 I I I ■ I I ■ I ■■

ouB sbort tentacloH, some of tboiii as Ioiik as the oyo, arranged for the
iiumt part in buuchos of 4. Maxillary not roarhiiig anterior nuirgin of
orbit. Diaiuettn- of eye nearly 4 iu greatest leugtb of bead, and exactly
\ of total length of stioiit. Ureatest width of bead, over the ]>n>operrn-
lar ridges, nearly equal to its own length without tb«< proceMseH. Dorsal
origin over the u])per angle of gill opening; longent sidno equal to that
of postorbital portion of bead; anul origin aliout under origin of socond
dorsal, a trille farther back, and in the vertical through the spare between
the seventh and eighth lateral scutes; the tin about us high as the dorsal;
caudal Hmall, slightly emurginate, with tips slightly produced, length of
middle rays equal to that of dorsal ; ventral origin iu advance of the axil
of the pectorals, the tin (extending slightly beyond vent, but not quit' to
origin of uual, its length about twice length of dorsal. I'ectoral rather
long, extending to ninth scute of lateral line and past vertical through
origin of anal; 29 rows of scutes. Color red; body and tins mottled aud
blotched with darker. Known from 2 specimens taken off Barbados, West
Indies. Type from Blake Station LX, iu 123 fathoms; the other from
288 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (TtAarvs, broad; Kc^aA^, head.)

I'erittedion platyeephalum, Goode Sc Bean, Bull. Miia. Comp. Zool., xii, No. 6, 167, 1886,
off Barbados in 123 fathoms (Coll. the Blake) ; Goode &. Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology,
474, pi. oxiv, flg. 388, A, B, 1896.

797. VULSICULUS, Jordan & Evermann.

VulHeulut, Jordan & Evebhann, Check-List Fiahos, 489, 1896 (imberbe).

This genus differs from Periatedion chiefly iu the reduction of the barbels
on the lower jaw and the angle of the month. These are minute and sim-
ple, or nearly so, and scarcely appreciable, (viihus, plucked; hairless.)

8509. TVLSICVLUS IMBERBIH (Poey).

Body somewhat slender, its greatest height 4^ times in distance between
tip of snout and base of caudal. Length of head without prolongations
2i in total length; with prolongations, 2. Crown of bead flat; interor-
bital Hpace concave, with a depressed groove iu its middle, branching pos-
teriorly along the base of the supraorbital crests, its width somewhat
greater than the horizontal diameter of orbit. No protuberances ou fore-
head or on the snout above, aud no ridges or spines beneath eye. Length
of snout, including the preorbital extension, equal to length of head;
preorbital extension about | of length of snout. Preorbital processes
flat, unarmed, and somewhat divergent ; a ridge arising at base of pre-
orbital process and extending to angle of preoperculum, where it termi-
nates in a blunt spine; a low ridge on operculum, ending in a rather
iuconspicuous spine; another above and close to it, pointing upward.
Length of opercular ridge of spines nearly equal to horizontal diameter
of eye. Jaws feeble and apparently toothless; barbels on lower jaw so
inconspicuous as to be scarcely visible; maxillary extending almost to
vertical through anterior margin of eye ; diameter of eye 4 times iu length

'^.V,

2182 Bulletin ^7, United States National Afuseum,

(if hoail without it« ])roloiigiitlonH. I)orH»I oriKin directly In litir with
ii|>|M<r iiiigltf of gill opttning; tho oiigin of iinal iiQ(lt<r that of Mnooiid dor-
Hal; vetitralHHJightiy in udvnnco of puctoralH, un<l u<»t ho far hat-k, though
their tipH rouuli aoniewhat b«yon<l v«*nt; pt'ctoraln rather long; aliout 25
rowH of HualeH. Gulf of Mexico. Tho typo, nhout 2 in<-hi>M long, Ih in tho
MuHeuni of Coniporatlvo Zoology at ('aml)ridge, an<l hati lieon oxaniinod
iu the preparation of thiH description, but tho oxample being unii|u«)
and small, we have not ventiirrd to oxaiiiine it so cloHoly aH would bavo
been prarticable with moro matorial. It Ih, however, apparoutly a w«01-
niai'ked species, rom'Uibling in a general way /'. longiaiiathum. It wax
obtained by Poey from tho stomach of I'olymixla nobilia, takon near Cuba
in deep water. (Goode A- Mean). Near Culia, in deep water, from
btoniacliH of I'objmiria (('oil. I'oey). A few specimouH in bad condition
were taken by Jordan &, Htoariis from stoniachH of OrouperH and Snappers
on the Huappcr HankH otf Pensacola. In theHe HpeoioifUM, which seem
to represent I'oey'H imbcrbia, the dorsal rays are about V-IJ), seutes 30;
uaeh side of body with i rows of spinous plates, the ventral series with
hooked spines, (imberbia, beardless.)

I'erUtedivn imberbe, Vonv, Mum. Hist. Nut. Cuba, ii, 307, :i80, 1861, Cuba; Tokv, Rop.

Fisli. Nnt. Cuba, ii, ISH, 1866; Jordan, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 38; (iooiiB vV Bkan,

Oceanic Iditliyology, 472, 1896.
Petiatedion miaronemut, Poby, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,ix, 1870,321, Cuba; Hubstitnte

namu od finding the exUtencn of barbels.
PeriiUthua mioroiumn, OUnthbb, Cliallouger Koport, Doop Sea Fislies, xxu, 66, 1887.

Family CLXXXVI. CEPHALACANTIIID.E.

(Tub Flyino Gurnakiks.)

Hody elongate, subquadranguhir, tapering behind; head very blunt,
quadrangular, its surface almost entirely bony ; nasals, preorbitals, sub-
orbitals, and bones of top of head tinited into a shield; nuchal part of
shield on each side produced backward in a bony ridge, ending in a strong
spine, which reaches past front of dorsal; interocular space deeply con-
cave; preorbitals forming a projecting roof above the Jaws; preopercle
produced in a very long roui'h spine; cheeks and opercles with small
scales; opercle smaller than eye; gill openings narrow, vertical, separated
by a very broad, scaly isthmus ; pseudobranchia> large ; gill rakers minute ;
mouth small, lower jaw included; jaws with granular teeth; uo teeth on
vomer or palatines; scales b(my, strongly keeled; 2 serrated, knife-lik««
appendages at base of tail ; ^rat dorsal of 4 or 5 rather high flexible spines,
the first 1 or 2 spines nearly free from the others ; an immovable siiine
between the dorsals ; anal and second dorsal siiort, of slender rays ; caudal
small, lunate; pectoral fins divided to the base into 2 parts, the anterior
portion about as long as the head, of about 6 rays, clos(4y connected ; the
posterior and larger portion more than twice length of head, reaching
nearly to caudal in the adult' (DactylopUrua) ; much shorter in the
young (Cephalacanthua) ; these rays very slender, simple, wide apart at
tip ; ventral rays I, 4, the long fins pointed, their bases close together,

Jordan and livcntuinn. ~l'i$lti's of North America. -1H.'{

llio iiiuvr ruyii HhortoHt ; nir l)la<l<ler with '1 Iitteml piiitH, nirli witli a liirgtt
iiiUHcli'; pylorir ciiTii iiiiiiii'roiiH; vortfUiir U -f IH 2*-'. Wiirin h«>uh; tlio
udiilt tiltlo to iiiitvn ill tlit< nil' lil<i- tii« tniu llyiiig-linh, iMit i'or Nhurti-r dU-
tuiK'ea, Our gonura iiiitl 2 to ( H|>uri»ii.

798. CEPHALACANTHUS, LuoiM-di-.
(Flying <iiiiiNAi{i>.)

Ofjihalacanthui, Lai'^.I'KDK, HtHt. Nut. I'iiIhm., hi, :i2:i, 180*.! ( «j>wia ret/a) g yiiiiiiK oxunipltm

of tlll> Kant llltlillll H|MM'it>M.

Daetiilojiteriii, l.krt.vkitv., lltst. Nut. I'ulita., iii, 82&, 1MU2 (piraptda vulilani); udults of

the Aiiii'riran hihm-Jch.
(loniieeiihaluM, (i uonow, Cut. I<'lsli., Kil. (iray. UHI, I8.%4 {inaerueejihaluK: rnlitanii).

Cbaracturof tlioKoiiuHiiicliult'ilubovo. Two H])uci<-Hli!iowii, th*< i'oliow-
iiig and tbo KiiHt Indiuii, Vephalaoanthmi Hpitutrena, {He*l>a\t'f, head;
itHayOix, s|diio.)

t!.'>IO. 4'KI>IIAI.\('ANTII|TN VOMTANN (IJnniiiiH). ,

(FLYINd KolllN; ItATKIHII i VoLAUOU; MCHCIKLAOO.)

Ileadljt; drpthni. 1). II-I\ , «; A. 6; 1*. 2H-f «. First 2 dorBiil apinog
fn'o, uliglitly coniH-ctud by tnoiubruuo at base; prt'opurciilar Hpino nnicb-
lug beyoiul buue of purtorula, not to end oi occipital spiiu;; poctorals
reaching nearly to base of raiidul in adult, very much Hbortrr in young;
in the young th«^ spines of the head are much longer. Greenish olive and
brown abovo, of varying shudeH; below jtale, marked irregularly with
dusky and bright brick red, varying to salmon yellow ; pectoral tins
mottled with bright-bhu) streaks near the Itase and blue Hpots and bars
toward the tip; their under sides glaucous blue, edged with darker;
caudal tin with about 3 brownish-red bars; coloration extremely variable.
Length 12 inches. Atlantic Ocean, on both coasts; very abundant on
South Atlantic and Gulf coasts; a handsome and singular lish. (Ku.)
(volitana, flying.)

Pirabebi, Makcubavb, Hist. Braail., iv, 162, 1048, Brazil.

Milvtts eirratui, Sloane, llint. Jaiiiuicn, n, 288, Jamaica.

Tngla diijitis vicenia palmatiii, Artbdi, Geuera, 44, 1738, Mediterranean, etc.

Hirundo, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, n, tub. 8, Bahamas.

Trigla volUaiiB, LwNiEUs.Syst. Nat, lOd.x, 1,302, 1758 j after Akteui; "Mari Mediterraneo

Oceanic, Pelago inter tropicos, in Asia ad Cap. b. Spei. Ssepe agitata evolans ex

aqua."
Dactijlopterus volitans, Ccvier St Valbnciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., iv, 117, 1820; GUntheu,

Cat. Fish'^s, u, 22M8G0; LUtken, Spolia Atluutiua, 417, 1880.
Trigla tentabunda, Walbaum, Artedi, I'iscium, ui, 362, 1792; after Oataphractus, Klein,

Missus, which is after Catesby, Fishes of Caroliua, iv, 44, tnf. 14, f. 1.
Tiigla/asciata, ISloch & Schneider, Syst. Iclitlt., 16, tab. 3, f. 1,1801 ; after CoryaHon,KhEiii,

Missus, n', 45, taf. 14, f. 2, locality not stated.
Dactylopterut pirapeda, Lac£f£:de, Hist. Nat. Poiss., in, 326, 1802, Mediterranean and

almost all warm seas.
Po^nemut sexradiatn», Mitchell, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc., i, 1815, pi. 4, f. 10, New York.
Callionymut pelagicut, BafinesijUE, Anier. Monthly Mag., Jan., 1818, 205, Atlantic Ocean.
Dactylo])terus cominunig, Owen, Osteol. Cat., i, 56, 1851.
Oonocephalus macroeephaltis, Gkonow, Cat. Fisli., Ed. Gray, 106, 1854, pelagic.

* The osteological characters of this family are given (after Gill) on page 2147.

END OF I'ART II.