BMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

II 1.0 Sfi^l^
III

Emm

11.25

i2.2

a lift ^"
^ tiS. 12.0

1.4

'^I^,

.o^^ ^

^,

V

.^ *^

o

^

/

HiotDgraphic

Sciences

Coiporadon

23 WBT MAIN STMI?

WnSTH.N.Y. MSM

(716) •72-4503

'^

CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche

CIHM/ICIVIH
Collection de
microfiches.

C^^nadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, ot which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are chocked below.

D

D

D
D
□
D

D

^

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

I j Covers damaged/

Couverture endommag^e

Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurie et/ou peiliculde

I I Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

I I Coloured mt^ps/

Cartes g6ographiques en couleur

Coloured init (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
Reiii avec d'autres documents

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/

La re liure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge intArieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filmmg/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela Atait posb'ble, fnn pages n'ont
pas 6t6 filmies.

L'Institut a microfiimi le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 4t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la methods normale de filmage
sont indiqute ci-dessous.

□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

n Pages damaged/
Pages endommagies

I j Pages restored and/or laminated/

Pages restaur(6es et/ou pelliculAes

Pages discoloured, stained or foxei
Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqu^es

Pages detached/
Pages ddtachdes

Showthrough/
Transparence

Quality of prir

Qualiti in^gaie de I'impression

Includes supplementary materii
Comprend du materiel supplAmentaire

Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible

Tl
to

Tl

P'
o

fi

0
b
tl

I "y Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/

j I Pages detached/

IT"! Showthrough/

I j Quality of print varies/

[~~| Includes supplementary material/

I I Only edition available/

T
si

T

M
d

ei
b
ri
ri
n

D

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6tA film6ns A nouveau de fapon A
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires supplAmentaires;

Pagination eontinuad from Vol. II.

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est filmA au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous.

10X

14X

18X

22X

a6X

30X

y

n

12X

16X

»x

24X

28X

32X

s

I

fier

le

ge

The copy <!lm«d h«r« has b—n raprodue«d thanks
to tha ganarooity of:

Library.
Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality
possibia considaring tha condition and 'agibility
of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha
filming contract spacificfttions.

Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad
beginning with tha front covar and ending on
tha last page with a printad or iliuatrated impres-
sion, or tha back covar when appropriate. All
other original copias era filmed beginning on the
first psge with a printad or iliuatrated Impres-
sion, end ending on the laat page with a printad
or illustrsted impression.

L'exempiaira f ilmA f ut reproduit yrAce it la
g*nArosit4 da:

Bibliothkiue.
Ministire des piches et oceans

Las imagas suivantas ont 6t6 raproduitas avac la
plus grand soin, compte tanu da la condition et
da le nettet* de l'exempiaira film*, et an
conformity avac ies conditions du contrat da
fiimage.

Lea axemplairas originaux dont la couvertura en
pepier est imprimte sent fiimAs en commenpant
oer le premier plat at an tarminant soit par la
darnlAre pege qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par iw second
plat, salon la cas. Tous las autres exempleires
originsux sent filmAs en commenpant par la
pramlAre pege qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iJuutration et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

The laat recorded freme on eech microfiche
shell contein the symbol — ^ (meening "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Un des symboles suivsnts apparaitra sur ia
derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon ie
CBs: le symbols — »- signifie "A SUIVRE", ie
symbole V signifie "FIN".

ita

lure.

]

Meps, plates, cherts, etc., may be fiimecf st
different reduction ratioa. Thoaa too icirge to be
entirely included in one exposure iirfi filmed
beginning *n the upper left hend cotner, left to
right and top to bottom, aa many framee as
required. The following diegrnms illustrste the
method:

1

2

3

Les cartas, planches, tabloaux. etc., peuvent dtre
filmfo A des taux de rMuction diffirents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un soul clichA. il est filmA A partir
de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite.
et de haut en bas, en pronant le nombre
d'images nAcassaire. Las disgrammes suivants
illustront la mAthode.

1

2

3

4

5

6

■WVHIillH

UN

A DESCl
Til

SMITIISOIS^IAI^ TNSTTTTTTIOISr.

UNirED STATES NATIONAL MIISKITM. ^ 9 ^ ^' /

//•

BULLETIN

OF THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

ISTo. 47.

THE FISHES

OF

NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA:

A DESCUIPTIVK CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF FISH-LIKK VEKTKBKATKS FOUND IN
THE WATEU8 OF NORTH AMEUICA, NOKTH OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.

BY

DAVID STARR JORDAN, Ph. D.,

PBESIDENT UK THE LF.LAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIV. ftSITY AND OF THB
CALIFORNIA AUADEHV OF SCIENCES,

BARTON WARREN EVERMANN. Ph. D.,

icaruyoLoaisT or the united states fish commission.

PART III.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PUINTINO OFFICE.
1898.

mm

-\:-, ■:■■'■:■■: "iry^--- '.'-r-T^j-;—^-'

N

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The Fishes

OF

NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA:

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

SPECIES OF FISH-LIKE VERTEBRATES FOUND IN THE

WATERS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF

THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.

U.

DAVID STARK JORDAN, Pit. D.,

PRESIDENT OK THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY AND OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, Pii. D.,

ICHTHYOLOGIST OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.

PART III.

|!i

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1898.

i I

a»_

CLA

DO

|fn;|flE|£t»:!

TABLE OF CONTENTS, PART III.

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

ORDER 151!. AoANTHOPTKBi— Continued.

Familii VLXXXJV. TrififJute— Continued. Pago.

Group (lobioidoa 2 184

Family OLXXX VI I. Callionti midu- 2184

Genus 799. Caliionymus, LiunaMis 2185

2511. bainli, Jordan 2185

2512. himantophorus, Goode iSk^ JSeun 2186

251U. cal'.iurus, Eigenniann ifc EigiMiniaiin 2187

2514. pauciradiatus, Gill 2188

Family VLXXXVIII. Ovbiida- 2188

Genus 800. loglossus, Bean 2192

2515. calliurus, Bean 2 1 93

Genus 801. T'liilypnua, Ciivier <fe Valenciennes 2194

2516. dormitor (Lact'p^dv.) 21it4

2517. lateralis, Gill 2195

Genus 802. Dormitato •, Gill 2195

2518. macnlatus (Bloch) 2196

Genus 803. (iuavina, Bleeker 2198

2519. guavina, Cuvier & Valenciennes 2198

Genus 804. Eleotris ((Jronow) Bloch &. Schneider 2199

2520. amblyopsis (Cope) 2199

2521. ahaeurus, Jordan & Gilbert 2200

2522. jUHonis (Gnielin) 22(10

2523. perniger (Cope) 2201

2524- pictus (Kner & Stciudacliner) 2201

Genus 805. Alexurus, Jordan 2202

2525. armiger, Jordan & Ricbanlsun 2203

Genus 806. Erotelis, Poey 2203

2520. stnaragdus (Cuvier & Valencieune.s) 2204

Genus 807. Gyinneleotris, Bleeker 2204

2527. seminudus (Giinther) 2204

Genus 808. Chriolepis, Gilbert 2205

2528. miuutillus, Gilbert 2205

Genus 809. Sicy diuiii, Cuvier &. Valeneienuee 2205

2529. plumieri(Blocli) 2206

2530. antillaruni, Ogilvie-l Jrant 2206

2531. vincente, Jordan & Everniiinn 2207

2531 (a), pimctatuni, Perugia 2867

Genus 810. Coty lopus, Guichenot 2207

Subgenus Sicya, Jordan &. Everniann 2207

2532. gymnogaster (Ogilvie-Grant) 2207

2533. salvini (Ogilvie-Grant) 2208

Genus 811. Evorthodus, (iill 2208

2534. breviceps, Gill 2208

Genus 812. Lophogobius, Gill 2209

8536. oyprinoidea (Pallas) 2200

V .

(0 rO

o >

W!pBIHfM«SB"!P"

VI

CONTENTS.

CLASS III. PISCES-Continuwl.

Ohder 1511. AcANTiioi'TKiu— Continued.

Family ('IjXXXVIII. Oottidw— Continued. Pago.

Cieuus 81!). (iobius (Artbdi) Linna^Uf 2210

■Sub^oiius (iobiiis 2210

2530. Hoporutor, Cuvier & Vnluuciennea 2210

SiibKcnus Ctonogobius, Gill 2218

2537. nk!h(>l«ii, Boan 2218

251)8. eigeuiiiaiiiii, Garinan 2218

253».
2540.
2.541.
2.142.
254;).
2544.

glaucofnunum (( iill) 221 U

ii]iiiigli<;ola, Jordan & Starks 2220

stiginaturiiH, Goodo \'. ISeaii 2220

<|iiadri]ioriis, Cuvier A- Valenciennes 2221

siiufeldti, Jordan \- Kigc iimann 2221

boleoBonia, Jordan & Gilbert 2221

2545. CaseiatuH (Gill) 2222

2540. encaH>uiu8, .Jordan i& Gilbert 2223

2547. .stiginatii'us (Pocy) 2224

2548. lyricus, Girard 2224

2549. gamiaiii. Eigenniaiin &. Eigenmaiin 2225

25.')0. zebra, Gilbert 2226; 28C7

Subgenus Euctenogobius, Gill 2220

2551. i)oeyi, Steindaclmer 2220

2552. badius (Gill) 2227

Subgenus Gobionellus, Girard 2227

2553. microdon, (iilbert 2227

2654. aniaragdus, Cuvier & Valenciennes 2227

2555. strigatus, O'Sbaughnessy 2228

2556. sagittula (Giintber) 2228

2557. hastatus, Girard 2229

25.58. oceanicu.s, Pallas 2230

Subgenus Lytlirypnus, Jordan &. Evernuinn 221)0

25.50. dalli, Gilbert 2230

Genus 814. Garniannia, Jordan &, Evonuann 2231

Subgenus Garniannia 2232

2560. paradoxa (Giintlier) 2232

2561. heraigynina (Kigenniann kV Eigeninann) 2233

Subgenus Enypiiias, Jordan «.t Kverniann 2233

2.502. seniiuuda (Gi'inther) 2233

Genus 815. Awaous, Steindaclmer 2234

2563. liavu.s (Cuvier iL Valenciennes) 2235

2564. nelson!, Kverniann 2235

2.505. taiasiea ( Licbtenstein) 2230

2.500. mexieanus (Giintlier) 2237

Genus 816. liollinannia, Jordan 2237

2507. ocellata, Gilbert 2238

2508. ehlamydes, Jordan 2238

2.509. iiiaeropouia, Gilbert 2239

2570. St iguiat lira, Gilbert 223l»

Genus 817. Abonia, Jordan & St.irks 2240

2571. etheoatoma, Jordan i.t Starks 2240

2.572. lucretia' (Eigeiiniann & Eigeninann) 2241

2573. cliiquita (Jenkins & Everniann) 2241

Genus 818. Microgobius, Poey 2242

2574. gulosus (Girard) 2243

2575. eulepis, Eigeninann & Kigeiiniann 2244

2.576. tbalassintis, Jordan & Gilbert 2245

2.577. signatiis, Poey 2246

Gouiis 819. ZalypuuH , Jordan & ETeriuann 2246

CONTKNT8.

VII

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

OKiiEit HU. AoANTHOPTEBi— Continued.

Family VLXXXVIII. Oofcudw— Contiuued. Pag.'.

2578. cyclolepis (Oilltort) 2246

2579. enililemnticuH (Jordan & Gilbert) 2247

(;enuH820. EuoyidoKobiuH, Gill 224H

2580. iiowberryi ((Jirard) 2248

Genus 821 . Lcpid<tKobiu», Gill 2240

2581. lepidus (Girard) 2249

GenuH 822. Gillichtliys, Cooper 2249

2582. uiirabilis, Cooper 22'>t»

"583. dotrusus, Gilbert &. Scofleld 22.'>1

Gunus 823. Quietuln, Jordan &. Kv«>rniann 2251

2584. y-cauda (JenkinH & Evermaun) 2251

GeniiH 824. Ilypnus, Jordan & Evermann 2253

2585. gill<erti ( Eigeuniann &. Eigenmann) 2253

(ienuH 825. Clevolandia, Eigenniann & Eigenniaun 2254

2586. io8 (Jordan & Gilbert) 2254

2587. rosiu, Jordan & Gvemiann 2255

Genus 820. Evenuannia, Jordan 2250

2588. lonjiipinnis (Steindacliner) 2256

2589. /.oMteriira (Jordan & Gilbert) 225(i

Genus 827. Gobiosoma, (Jirard 22.57

2590. histrio. Jordan 2258

2."i91. moiestum, Girard 225H

2592. bosci (Lacep«ide) 2259

2593. crescentale, Gilbert 2259

2594. niultifasciatuni, Steindacliner 2260

Genus 828. JJarbulifer, Eigenniaun &. Kigenniann 2200

2595. leuthoecus (Jordan & Gilbert) 2260

Genus 829. Typhlogobiua, Steindacliner 2201

2506. californiensis, Steindachner 2262

Genus830. Tyutlastes, Giinther 2262

2597. brevis (Giinther) 2262

2598. sagitta (Giinther) 2263

Genus 831. Gobioides, Lacep^de 2203 ; 2808

2599. broussonnetii, Lac^pede 2203

2600. peruanus (Steindachner) 2264

( ionus 832. Ciiyennia, Sauvage 2265

2601. guichenoti, Sauvage 2265

SriU)RI)EK DiSCOCEPIIALI 2265

Family CLXXXIX. Echeneididce 2265

(Jenus 833. Phtheirichthys, Gill 2208

2602. lincatus ( Menzics) 2268

Genus 834. Echeneis ( Artedi) Linnanis 2268

2603. naucrates, Linnivus 2269

2604. naucrateoides, Zuieu w 2270

Genus 835. Keniilegia, Gill 2270

2605. nustralis (Bennett) 2270

Genus 836. Kemora, Gill 2271

Subgenus Kemora 2271

2606. reuiora (Linnaeus) 2271

Subgenus Kemorina, Jordan & Evermann 2272

2607. albescens (Temminek & Schlegel) 2272

Subgenus Bemoropsis, Gill 2272

2608. brachyptera (Lowe) 2272

Genus 837. Khomliochirus, Gill 2273

2609. osteochir (Cu vier) 2273

GroupTrachiuuidea 2273

•"BMHSiSHl

vm

CONTKNIH.

CLASS in. riSCES-C(.utinued.

OmiKR BIJ. Ai:anthoi'TEUi— C'ontiniied. Pago.

h'annly CXO. Malacanthidce 2274

GoiihbSUS. Maliu'iinthiis, Ciivier 2275

2010. pluiiiiori (Bloch) 227,1

Oeiiiis HliO, Caulolatilns, Gill 227(1

^011. i)rinoo]>8 ( Ji'iiyns) 2276

2612. inicrops, G()<>«lc & Jlean 2277

26i;t. cyauops, I'o'jy 227H

Genus 840. r.opholatiliis, Goiiih* & Mean 227H

2014. chaina<luoiiticeps, (Ituxlc \, ISt'aii 2278

Familii OX CI. Opisthogtmthidai 22711

Goiius841. OpiMtli(ij{iiatliiis Cuvier 228(1

2615. loiicliiiniin, Jnnlaii * Gillxiit 2281

2610 pimctatmn, Peters 2281

2617. iiiairoguatliiini, Poey 2281

2018. oiiniiatiiin, JuukiiiH it Evoriuaiin 2282

G(!mis842. Guathypops, (Jill 228;i

2619. scops, Junkins & Evonnann 22811

2020. iiia.xillosa (Poey) 2284

2021. niacrops (Poey) 2284

2022. ihoraalea (Jordan & Gilliert) 2285

2023. snydeii, J ordan & E vi-rmann 2285

2024. niystacina, Jordan 2286

Genus 843. Loncliopistliiia, Gill 2286

2625. niicroKiiatliiis (Poey) 2287

Family VXCI 1. JiulhipnaxUridiv 2287

Genus 844. Bathyniaster 2288

2626. siguatns, Cope 2288

Genua 845. It(>n<iuilus, Jordan &. Starks 228i(

2627. Jordani (Gilbert) 2289

GenH.s 846. llatlibunella, Jordan ifc Everraann 2289

2628. hvpoplerta (Gilbert) 2290

Family VXOII I. Ohiatmodontida; 2291

Genus 847. Cbia.sniodon, Jobn.son 2291

2029. niger, Jobnson 2291

Genus 848. Pseudoscopelus, Liitken 2292

2630. scriptUH, Liitken 2292

Family VXCI V. Chofnichtlnjidee 2293

Genus 849. Hypsicometes, Goode 2293

2631. gobioides, Goode 2294

Family CXOV. Tnchodontidoi 2295

tlenus 860. Tricbodon (Steller) Cuvier 2295

2032. tricbodon (Tilesius) 2295

Genu.s 851. Arctoscoi)us, Jordan «fc Evcrniann 2297

2033. ,japoni(nis (Steindacbuer) 2297

Family CXGVI. Daclyloicopldw 2297

Gonu.s852. Gillelhis, Gilbert 2298

2634. seinicinctus, Gilbert 2298

2636. arenicola, Gilbert 2299

2636. ornatu.'s, Gilbert 2299

Genus 853. Dactyloscopua, G ill 2300

Subgenus Uatilyloscopus 2301

2637. iiectoralis, Gill 2301

2838. tridigitatus, Gill 2301

2639. poeyi, Gill 2302

2640. luuaticuH, (Gilbert 2302

Subgenus Esloscopus, Jordan &, Kverniann 2303

2641. zelotes, Jordan 6i Everuiunu 2303

CONTKNTS.

IX

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

ORDKB HB. ACANTHOPTKKI— Continued.

Familn OXdVI. Dactylo*copidce—Voutimioi[. Paffe.

Genii»8.'J4. Dactylagniis, dill ; 2304

2(i4'2. nuindn8,(illl 2304

Genus 855. Myxodn/niis, Cill 2305

2643. ((pcrcnlaris, ' *iH 2305

Familji CXVVll. Uranoicopidn- 2305

GeniiH 856. ^\Mtrosc<ipn8, Urevoort 2306

2044. y-jtni'cuni (Cuvier \. Viiloiiciennes) 2307

2645. zephyreus, (lill)crt it StarlcH 2309

21146. },'uttatu8 (Al)l)ott) 2310

( i«'nu8 857. Katiietostoinu, ( liintlier 2311

2647. avcrruncHS, Jordan \ IJollinan 2311

2648. albigiittinn. Hean 2312

SuiioiiDEK Hai'I-oimki 2313

Family CXCVIII. Uatrachoididiv 2313

GenuH 858. Biitraclioides, Laiu'pi'dti 2314 : 2868

2649. »iirinanienHis(Blo(',li & Sclinoider)... 2314

2650. paciiici (Giin t lier) 2314

Genii.'* 859. Opsunim. Rufiue.sqiu! 2315

2651. tan (Linniuus) 2315

2652. pardiiH (Goodo & Bean) 2310

Genus 860. ronchtliys, Girard 2317

2653. iiorosissinius (Cuvier it Valenciennes) 2319

2654. notatus, Girard 2321

2655. inargarita tus (Ricliardson) 2322

Geniis 861 . TlialasHojdiryne, Giint licr 2323

2656. nmvulosa, Giintlier 2324

2657. reticulata, Giintlier 2325

Genus 862. Dioctor, Jordan it E venuann 2325

2658. dowi (Jordan & Gilbert) 2325

S'JnORDKU XEN0PTEKY(!II 2326

Fa 111 ill) VXGIX. (Ii)hiegocidce 2320

Genus 863. Caularcluis, Gill 2327

20r)9. niieandri<'u.s (Girard) 2328

(Jenua 864. Brys,setiero8, Jordan &. Everniann 2328

2660. pinniger (Gilbert) 2328

Genus P65. Gobiesox, Lac<ipi'de 2329

Subgenus Bry.ssophilus, Jordan & Everniann 2330

2661. papillifcr, Gilbert 2330

Subgenus Gobic^sox 2331

2662. gyri II us, Jordan & Everniann 2331

2663. nigripinniB (Peters) 2331

2664. cepbalus, Lac6pi>de 2332

2665. tildes, llichardson 2333

2666. Htruiiiosus, Cope 2333

2667. virgatulus, Jordan vt Gilbert 2333

2668. adustuB, Jordan & Gilbert . . 2334

2669. funobris, Gilbert 2334

2370. pieciloplitlialinuB, Jenj'us 2335

2671. rliodospiliis, Giintber 2335

2672. niacrophtlialnius, Giintber 2335

2673. cerasinus, Cope 2336

Subgenus Sicyasos, Miiller & I'roscbel 2336

2674. erytlirop8,Jordan& Gilbert 2336

2675. rubiginoauB ( I'ooy ) 2337

2676. carneuB (Poey) 2337

2077. hreres, Jordan & Bcdlraan 2337

P

i
■If

CONTENTS.

.!

Hi!!

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

Ordek BB. Acanthopteki— Continued.

Family CXGIX. ffofciesojido!— Continued. Page.

2678. punctnlntuH (Poey) 2338

2379. faaciatna (Peters) 2338

Genus 866. Kiinicola, Jordau "k: Evermann 2338

2680. inuscarum (Meek & Pierson) 2338

2681. I iKenmanni (Gilbert) 2339

Gen. .8867. Arbaciosa, Jord.in & Evernianii 2340

2682. rbcssodon (Rosa Smith) 2340

2683. bumeraliH (Gilbert) 2341

2684. niyestris (Poey) 2341

2685. /.ebra (Jordau & Gilbert) 2341

2686. eos (Jordan & Gilber*) 2343

Group Blcnnioidea 2343

Famiiy CO. J}lenniida' 2344

Geuus 868. Enneauectes, Jordan A-, Evennann 2349

2687. <arniinalis (Jordan &. Gilbert) 2350

Genns 868(a) . DialommuM, Gilbert 2868

2687(a). fuscus, Gilbe-t 2868

Genus 869. Heterostichus, Girard 2350

2688. rostratus, Girard 2351

Genus 870. Gibbonsia, (Joopcr 2351

2689. evides (Jordan i Gilbert) 2;i52; 2869

2690. elegans (Cooper) 2353

Genus 871. Neoclinus, Girard 2354

Subgenus Neoi'liu'.is 2354

2691. blancbardi, Girard 2354

Subgenus Pterognatbus, Girard 2335

2692. satiricus, Girard 2355

GenuH 872. Malacoctimus, Gill 2356

2693. ocellatus (Steindacbner) 2356 ; 2869

2694. varias (Poey) 2357

2695. niacropiis (Poey) 23.')7

2696. Iiigubris (Poey) 2357

2697. gillii (Steindacbner) 2358

2698. biiuaculatus (Steindacliner; 2358

2699. dehlandi (Cc vicr & Valen(ann.u's) 2358

2700. versicolor (Poey) 2359

2701. biguttp.tus (Cope) 2360

Genus 873. Labrisouius, Swain.son 2360

2702. berminier (Le Sueur) 2361

2703. nuchipinnis (Quoy & Guiiiiard) 2362

2704. xanti, Gill 2302

2705. biicciferus, Poey 2363

2706. niicroleindotus, Poey 2363

Genus 874. Mniorpes, Jordan &, Everninnn 2364

270". niacrocepbalus ((riintber) 2364

(JenuM 875. Gobiocliuut, Gill 2364

2708. gobio (Cuvier & Valenciennes) 2.105

(}enus 870. Starksia, Jordau & Evernumn 2365

2709. "reninobates (Gilbert) 2365

Genus 877. Cryptotrcnia, Gilbert 2366

2710. corallinum, (iill»ert 2360

( JenuB 878. Exerpes, Jordan \- E nermann 2367

271 1. asptr (Jenkins & Everniann) 2367

Genus 879. Aucbeno|)terus, Giintbcr 2.S69

Subgenus (Jorallieola, Jordan & Ev(M'nuiiin 2369

2712. nigripinuia (Steimlucbuor) 2369

i Ijii

CONTENTS.

XI

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTEHI— Continued.

Family G<i'. Blenniidee— Continued. Pago.

2713. aUivolis (Lockington) 2371)

2714. inanuoratus (Steindachner) 2371

Subgenus /. Hchenopterus 2371

2715. artinis (Stcindachner) 237)

2716. nionoplitlialinns, ( Jiin tlier 2372

2717. inftsgripinuis (Rosa :sinith) 2372

2718. fasciatus (Str'indaclinei) 2373

2719. iiox (Jordan & ( Jilbert) 2373

Genus 880. Paraclinu.s, Moc(|uard 2374

2720. cliawii, Mocquard 2374

Genus 881. Kmnmion, Jordan 2375

2721. bri-stohi!, Jordan 2375

Genus 882. .Vtopoclinus, Vaillant 237fi

2722. ringens, Vaillant 237«

Genus 883. Ilunula, Jordan &: Bollnian 2377

272.3. azalea, Jordan &. BoUman 2377

Genus 884. Blennius (Artedi) Iiinniuus 2377

Subgenus Lii»opliry8, Gill 2378

2724. Carolines (Cuvier «fe Valenciennes) 2378

2725. f ucoruMi, Cuvier & Valenciennes 2379

2726. stearnsi, Jordan <te (iilbert 237i>

2727. favosuu, Goode & Bean 2380

2728. pilicornis, Cuvier & Valenciennes 2380

2729. niarniorens, I'oey 2381

2730. truncatus (Poey) 2381

2731. vinctus, Poey 2382

2732. rrist.itus, Linn.X'us 2382

Genus 885. Scartella, Jordan 2384

2733. microstoma (Poey) 2384

Genus 88ti. Hyplourocbilu.s, G ill 2385

2734. guminatus (Woo<l) 2.385

Genus 887. Uy psoblennius, (Jill 2380

Subgenus Ilypsoblennius 2386

2735. gilberli (Jordan) 2386

2736. gentilis (Girard) 2387

2737. striatus (Steindacliner) 2388

2738. ionthas (J irdan A Gilbert) 2388

2739. hentz (Le I'uuur) 2390

Subgeinis Blennioliis, Jordan & fivermann 2.390

2740. bicvipiunis (Giiuther) 2390

Genus 888. Chasmodes, Cuvier &. Valenc'ennes 2391

2741. jeukinsi (.Jordan & Evermann) 2391

2742. .,uadrifaHciatu8 (Wood) 2392

2743. saburra;, Jordan & Gilbert 2392

2744. novemlineatus (Wood) 2393

2745. bosqnianus ( Lacepede) 21194

Genus 889. Honiesthes, Gilbert 2394

2716. caulopuH, Gilbert 23!t4

Genus 890. Scartlolitbys, Jonlan & Evermann 2395

2747. rul ropunctatus (Cuvier &. Valenciennes) 23S6

(reniis 891. Uupiscartes, Swainson 23'.I6

2748. atlanticus (Cuvier &. Valenciennes) 2397

Genus 892. Entoniacrodus, Gill 2397

2748. chiostictua (Jordan & (Jillwrt) 23il8

, 2750. margaritaceuH (Poey) 23118

2751. decoratus, I'oey 2399

.if

4

'im

fn

ml '

■HI

XII

CONTENTS.

i !!il

CLASS III. PISCES-Ccntinueil.

Obder BB. AcANTHOl'TEKi— (Jontinned.

Family CC. lilenniido!— Continued. Page.

2752. iiigricans, Gill 2399

Genus 893. Sal ariichthys, Gukheiiot 2400

2753. textilis (Quoy &. Gainiard) 2400

Genus 894, Ophiobkiinius, Gill 2400

2754. webltii (Vali^mieniies) 2401

2755. steiiidaclinori, . Ionian &. Kvermann 2401

Genus 895. Enibloinarin, Jordan &. Gilbert 2401

27.')6. Htlantica, Jordan & Evennann 2402

2757. nivii)eH, Jordan & (Jilbert 2402

2758. o<'iilocirris, Jordan 2403

Genus 896. Cba'uopnis, Gill 2403

2759. ocellatus, Poey 2403

Genus 897. Liicioblenniu.s, Gilbert 2404

2760. alepidotus, Gilbert 2404

Genus 898. Pliolidichthys, IJlcelver 2405

2761. au<;uilliforini.s. I^ockinjifton 2405

Genus 809. I'sednoblennius, Jenl<iiis & Evermann 2406

2762. hypacantlum, JeiikinH it Evermann 2406

Genus 900. Statluuonotus, Bean 2407

2763. hompliillii, Bean 2407

Genus 901. Bryostenima, .Jordan &Starks 2408

2764. polyaitocephaliim (Pallas) 2408

2765. nugator, Jordan & Williams 2410

GenuH 902. AimdicbtiiyH, Girard 2411

2766. flavidus, Girard 2411

2767. univittatus, Lockiiigton 2412

(ienus 903. Xercrpos, Jordan & (Jilbert 2413

2768. tucorum (Jordan & (jiilbert) 2413

Genus 904. Ulvicola, Gilbert 2413

2769. sancta'-rosa-, ( iilbert & Starks 2413

Genus 905. Pholis ((Jronow) Scopoli 2414

Subgenus Urocentnis, Kner 2415

2770. pictu8(Knfr) 2415

Subgenus Khodymenicbtbys, Jordan &. Evermann 2416

2771. dolicbogaster (Pallan) 2416

Subgenus Pholis 2417

2772. fasciatus (Block & Schneider) 2417

2773. gunmdius (Linn»u.s) 2419

2774. ornatus ((iirard) 2419

Genus 906. (iunnellops, Bleeker 2420

2775. rosens (Pallas) 2420

Genus 907. Asternoptcryx. ltiii)]>ell 2420

?77<i. guiinelliforinis, Kiippell 2420

(JcnusOOS. Anoplarchus. Gill 2421

2777. atropurpureus (Klttlitz) 2422; 2869

(ienus 908(a). Aleclrias, Jordan & Evenuann 2869

2778. alectrolopliiis (Pallas) 2421; 2809

Genus 909. Xipbisieg, Jordan & .Starks 2423

2779. ulvR', Jordan it Starks 2423

2780. obirus (Jordan & Gilbert) 2424

Genus 910 X ipkidion. Girard 2424

2781. mucosum, (Jirard 2425

2782. rupestre (Jordan \ (Jilbert) 2426

Genus 911. Cebedicbtliys, Ayres 2426

2783. violaceiis (Ayres) 2427

Genus 912. Plagiogranimua, Beau 2427

Lfjl; !■!

CONTENTS.

XIII

CLASS III. PISCES— Continnod.

Order Bli. Acanthoptebi— Continued.

Family GO. Bfonniidce— Continued. Page.

2784. hopkinai, Bean 2428

Genus 913. Opisthoceutrus, Kner 2428

2785. ocellatus (Tilesius) 2429

Genus 914. Pliolidapus, Bean & Bean 2430

2786. dyliowsliii (Steinrtacliner) 2430

Genus 915. Plectobrauchus, Gilbert 2431

2787. evides, Gilbert 2432

Genus 916. Leptoclinus, Gill 2432

2788. maculatua (Fries) 2433

Genus 917. Poroclinns, Bean 2433

2789. rotlirocki, Bean 2434

Genus 918. Lunipenu.s, Reinhardt 2435

Subgenus Anisarcbus, Gill 2435

2790. medius (Keinhardt) 2435

Subgenus Lumpenus 2436

2791. auguillaris (Pallas) 2436

2792. mackayi (Gilbert) 2436

2793. fabricii (Cuvier &. Valenciennes) 2437

2794. lampetrajfomiis (Walbaum) 2438

Genu8919. Stichaus, Reinhardt 2439

2795. punctatus (Fabrlcius) 2439

Genus 920. Ulraria, Jordan & Evermaun 2440

2796. aubbifurcata (Storer) 2440

Genus 921. Eumesogrammus, Gill 2441

2797. prajcisus (Kroyer) 2441

Family GCf. Cryptaeanthodidce 2442

Genus 922. Delolepis, Bean 2442

2798. virgatus. Beau 2442

Genus 923. Cryptacantbodes, Storer 2443

2799. maculatus, Storer 2443

Genus 924. Lycouectes. Gilbert 2444

2800. aleutensis, Gilbert 2444

Family CCII. Anarhi4:hadida! 2445

Genus 925, Anarhicbas ( Artcdi) Linnrons 2445

2801. latifrons, Steenstrup & Hallgrimsson 2446

2802. minor, Olafson 2446

2803. lupus, Linnwus 2446

2804. lepturns. Bean , 2447

2805. orientalis, Pallas 2447

Genus 926. Aiiarrhiebthys, Ayres 2447

2806. ocellatus, Ayres 2448

Family Will. Ocnlalida' i. 2448

C;enu.s927. Cerdale, Jordan A: (Gilbert 2448

2807. iontbas, Jordan & Gilbert 2449

Genus 928. MierodesuiuH, (iiiutiier 2450

280H. dipus, G till tiler 2450

2809. retroi)inni8, Jordan &. Gilbert 2450

Fam ily CO IV. Ptilichthyidoi 2451

<ieuu8 929. Ptilicbtbys, Bean 2452

2810. goodel, Bean 2452

( iroup Opiiidioideu 2453

Family OCT, Seytalinidte 2453

Genus 030. Siytalina, Jonlan & Gilbert 2454

2811 . cerdale, Jordan \. Gilbert 2454

Family CCVf. Zoarcido' 2455

Genua 931. Z<>arce8, Gill 2456

tP

XIV

CONTKNT8.

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

Order BH. Acanthoiteri— Continued.

Family GOVJ. Zoarcidce—Coutiuued. Page.
Subgenus Macroioarccs, Clill 2467

2812. anguillaris (I'ock) 2457

Genu8 932. Euibryx, Jordan & Evermann 2458

2813. crassilabiis (Gilbert) 2458

2814. cr()talinu8((Jilbcrt) 2458

GenuH 93:5. L,V(odot)8i8, Collett 246<)

2813. pacilicus (Collett) 2460

Genus 9,14. Aprodon, Gilbert 2460

2816. cortozianus, Gilbert 2461

Gen UH 935. Lycodes, Beinbardt 2461

Subg(uiu8 Lycodes 2463

2817. osniarkii, Collett 2463

2818. valilli, Reinhardt 2463

2810. concolor.Gill &Townsend 2463

2820. /.oarchus, Goode &• IJean 2464

2821. ret iculatus, Koinbardt 2465

2822. i)er.spifcilliini, Kriiyor 2465

2823. frigidus, Collett 2465

2824. terrin-novii', Collett 2466

2825. digitatus, Gill &. Townsend 2466

2826. palearis, Gilbert 2466

2827. brevipes, Bean 2467

Subgenus Lycias, Jordan & Evermann 2468

2828. nebulosus, Krdyer 2468

2829. seminndus, Kcinliardt 2468

Genus 936. Lycodalepis, Bleeker 2468

2830. polaris (Sabine) 2468

2831 . niucosus ( Kichardson) 2470

Genus 937. Lycencli'jlys, G ill 2470

2832. verrillii (Goode & Bean) 2470

2833. paxillus (Goode&Bean) 2471

2834. porifer (Gilbert) 2171; 2869

Genus 938. Furcdla, Jordan & E vemiann 2472

2835. diaptera (Gilbert) 2472

Genus 939. Lycodonus, ( ioode & Bean 2473

2836. mirabilis, Goode &. Bean 2474

Genus 940. Lyconema, Gilbert 2474

2837. barbatum, Gilbert 2474

Genus 941 . Botbrooara, Bean 2475

2838. pusilla (Bean) 2476

2839. mollis, Bean 2476

Genus 942. Gymneli.s, Ueinbardt 2477

2840. viridis (Ealiricins) 2477

2841. stigma(Lay & Bennett) 2477

Genus 943. Lycocara, Gill 2478

2842. parrii(UoB8) 2478

Genus 944. Melanostigma, Giinther 2478

2843. gelatiuosuni, Giinther 2479

2844. pammelas, Gilbert 2479

Familji CGVII. Deiepodichthyidcn 2480

Genus 945. Derepodicbtbys, Gilbert 2480

2845. alepidotus, Gilbert 2480

Family CCVIIl. Ophidiidw 2481

Genus 946. Lepopbi.'.lnm, Gill 2482

2846. marmoratiim (Goode & Bean) 2482

2847. emmelas (Gilbert) 2483

i I

CONTENTS.

XV

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.
Obdek HB. Acanthopteri— Continued.

Family OOVIII. Ophidiidce— Continued. Page.

2848. 8t igniatiatiiim (Gilbert) 2483

2849. profundorum (Gill) 2484

2850. cervinuin (Gocxle & Bean) 2484

2851. prorates (Jordan & Bolliiian) 2485

28.">2. brevibarbe ((^uvier) 2485

285;t. ])ardale (Gilbert) 2486

2854. inicrolepis (Gilbert) 2486

Genu8 947. Opbidioii (Artedi) Liunmu.s 2487

2855. beani, Jordan & Gilbert 2487

28.56. holbrooki (Putnam) 2487

2857. graellsi, Poey 2488

Genus 948. Chilara, Jordan &. Evormann 2488

28.58. taylori (Girard) 2489

Genus 949. RisBola, Jordan <fc Everraann 2489

28.59. niarj.'insita (Do Kay) 2489

(renn.s 950. Otopliidiuni, Gill 2490

2860. omostignia ( Joida.i &. Gilbert) 2490

2861 . iudefatigabile, .Tordan &. Bollnian 2490

2862. galeoidos (Gilbert) 2491

Familif OGIX. Lycodapodidce 2491

( ; enus 961. Lycodapus, G ilbert 2492

2863. dermatinus, Gilbert 2492

2864. llerasfer, Gilbert 2493

2865. parviceps, Gilbert 2493

2866. ex tensus (Gilbert) 2494

Family VOX. Fiercuiferidm 2494

Genu « 952. Fieraafer, Cu vier 2495

2867. afliuis (Giintber) 2495

2808. arenicola, Jordan & ( Jilbort 2496

2869. bennuden.sis (Jones) 2497

Family GOXI. Brotulidm 2498

GcuiiH 9.53. Brotula, Cuvicr 2500

2H70. liarbata (Bloch \ Schneider) 2500

Genus 954. Stygicola, Gill 2500

2871. dentatua(Poey) 2500

iienus 955. Lucifuga, Poey 2501

2872. subterraneus, Poey 2501

Genus 956. Brosiuophycis, Gill 2502

2873. niarginatus (Ayres) 2502

Genus 957. Ogilbia, Jordan &, Everuiann 2.5u2

2874. ventralis (( t ill) 2503

2875. cayoruni, Everniaun & Kendall 2503

(ienus 958. Bythites, Rcinbardt 2.504

2876. fuscus, Reinhardt 2504

Genus 959. Catiety x, Giintber 2.504

2877. rubirostris, Gilbert 2.505

Genus 960. Dicromita, Goode \' Bean 2506

2878. agassizii, Goode & Bean 2506

Genus 961. Bassozetus, Gill , 2507

2879. nornuilis, Gill 2507

2880. conipressus (Giintber) 2508

2881. catena, Goode & Bean 2509

2882. taenia (Giintber) 2510

Gonns962. Mu'bia, Gootlo & Bean 2510

2883. proniolas (Gilbert) 2511

Genus 983. Neobythites, Goode &. Bean 2512

f'Y

I-

W.'i

XVI

CONTENTS.

lit

w

I'!.:

' HI'

CLASS III. riSCES-Continuod,

Order BH. Acanthoitkhi— Continued.

Family OOXI. lirotulidce — Continued. Page.

2884. gillii, Goode&Bean 2512

2885. marginatus, Goode & Bean 2513

Genua 964. Benthocometes, Goode & Bean 2513

2886. robaatus, Goode & Bean 2514

Genus 965. Bassogigas, Gill 2515

2887. gillii, Goode&Bean 2515

2888. stelllferoidea (Gilbert) 2516

Genus 966. Barathrodemus, Goode & Bean 2517

2889. nianatinns, Goode t& Bean 2517

Genua 967. Nematonua, Giintliei 2518

2890. pectoralis, Goode & Bean 2518

Genus 968. rorogadua, Goode & Bean 2519

2891. milea, Goode & Hean 2520

Genua 969. Penopua, Goode & Bean 2520

2892. macdonaldi, Goode &. Bean 2521

Genus 970. Dicrolone, Goodo & Bean 2522

2893. intronigra, Goode & Bean 2522

Genua 971. Mixonua, Giinther 2523

2894. laticepa (Giinther) 2523

Genus 972. Baratlironus, Goode & Bean 2524

2895. bicolor, Goode <fc Bean 2524

Genua 973. Aphyonua, Giinther 2525

2896. moUia, Goode&Bean 2525

Family OCXII. Bregmacerotidce 2525

Genua 974. Bregmaceroa, Tlionipaon 2526

2897. niacclellandii, Thompaon 2526

2898. atlanticns, Goode & Bean 2527

Suborder Anacanthini 2528

Family COX 1 1 T. Merlucciidce 2529

Genus 975. Merluccius, Raflneaque 2529

2899. merluccius (Linui^ua) 2530

2900. bilinearia (Mitchill) 2530

2901. productua ( Ayrea) 2531

Family OOXir. Qadidce 2531

Genua 976. Boreogadua, Giinther 2533

2902. saida (Lepechin) 2533

Genua 977. Pollachiua, Nilaaon 2534

2903. virena (Linnajus) 2534

Genua 978, Theragra, Lucaa 2535

2904. chalcogranima (Pallaa) 2535

2905. fucenaia (Jordan & Gilbert) 2536

Genua 979. Eleginua, Fiacher 2537

2906. navaga (Kolreuter) 2537

Genua 980. Microgadua, Gill 2538

2907. proximus (Girard) 253!i

2908. tonicod ( Walbaum) 2540

Genua 981. Gadua (Artedi) Linnauia 254(t

2909. callariaa, Linnniua 254 1

2910. niacrocephalus, Tileaiua 2541

2911 . ogac, Ei(;hard8on 2542

Genua 982. Melanogrammus, Gill 254'J

2912. H;gIoflnu8, LinniBUS 2542

Genua 983. Lepedion, Swainaon 2543

2913. verecunduiu, Jordan & Cramer 2543

Genus 984. Antimora, Giinther 2544

2914. viola (Goode & Bean) 2544

CONTENTS.

XVII

age.
2512
2513
2513
2514
2515
2515
2516
2517
2517
2518
2518
2519
2520
. 2520
. 2521
. 2522
. 2522
. 2523
. 2523
. 2524
.. 2524
.. 2525
.. 2525
.. 2525
.. 2520
.. 2526
. . 2527
.. 2528
L.. 2529
[.. 2529
2530
2530
2531

2531

2533

2533

2534
. 2534
. 2535
. 2535
. 2536
. 2537
. 2537
. 2538
,. 2539
.. 2540
.. 2540
.. 2541
.. 2541
.. 2542
.. 2542
.. 2542
,. 2543
... 2543
... 2544
... 2544

CLASS III. PISCES— Continued.

Okder 1515. .VrANTiioi'TKKi— Continiied.

Familii aCXIV. (/'((dif/rti— Coiitiiiued. Page.

2915. iiiicr<tlei)i8, Heaii 2545

(;i!miM985 rniU'ptuH, Costa 2545

2916. iiiaialili (Risso) 2545

G('iiiis980. Lotclla. Kiiii> :.-. 2546

2917. iiiaxillariH, Ui-an 2546

Gt'nii.s9t<7. I'hysiculiiM, Kaup 2547

21)18. I'lilviis, Htiiin 2547

2919. uiiiiatopiis, tiilbert 2548

2920. kail pi, Poey 2548

2921 . rastrelliger, Gilbert 2549

GfiiiiH 988. Lota (Ciivier) Oken 2550

21122. inaciilosa (Le Sueur) 2550

Geiiu.s98!l. Molva, Fleming 2551

2923. iiiolva (Limucus) 2551

GtiiiiH 990. V iopliyci.s, ( iill 2552

SubgfMMiH t ropbycis 2553

2924. regius ("SValbamn) 2553

2925. lirratua (Goodo & Ueaii) 2553

2926. tloridanus (Bean & Drest^l) 2554

Subgenus Eniphycus, Jordan & Evermann 2554

2927. earlli (I5ean) 2554

2928. tenuis (Mitchill) 2555

2929. cliuss (Walbauni) 2555

2930. cbe-steri (Goode & Jiean) 2556

Genus 991. LjBnionenia, Giintber 2556

2931. barbatuluui, Goode & Bean 2556

2932. melauunini, Goodo ic Bean 2557

Genus 992. Gaidiopsarus, Kafluesquc 2557

2933. enais ( Ueinbard t) 2558

2934. argeutatus (Reinhardt) 2559

2935. septentrionalis (Collett) 2559

Genus 993. Encbely opus, Bloeb & Schneider 2560

2936. cinibrius (Linnieus) 2560

Genus 994. Brosnie (Cuvier) Oken 2561

2937. brosnie (Miiller) 2561

Family CGXV. Macrouridce 2561

Genus 995. Bathyga<lu8, Giintlier 2563

2938. arcuatus, Gowle & Bean 2564

2939. favosus, Goode & Bean 2.565

2940. macroiis, Goode & Bean 2566

2941. longitilis, Goode &. Bean 2566

Genus 996. Stein<hicltneria, Goode .fc Bean 2567

2942. argentea, Goodo & Bean 2568

Genus 997. Trachyrincbus, Giorna 2.563

2943. helolepis, Gilbert 2.".(,9

Genus 998. Malacoeephalus, Giintlier 2.';d9

21144. occidentalis, Goode it Bean 2570

Gi iius 999. Moseleya, Goode & Bean 2570

2945. cy clolepis (Gilbert) 2570

Genus 1000. Neniatonurus, Giintber 2571

2946. goodei ((iiinther) 2571

2947. suborbitalis (Gill & Townsend) 2572

Genus 1001. .Vlbatrossia, Jordan tSi: Everiuanu 2573

2948. pectoralis (Gilbert) 2573

Genus 1002. Bogosloviiis, Jordan &, Evermann , 2574

2949. elarki, Jordan &. Gilbert 2576

3030 II

I (

h-i§

iJIPl;

®;i

XVIII

CONTENTS.

I'

i!

h!

W:

CLASS III. PISCES-Continued.

Obuer 15 B. Acanthoptbri— Continued.

I'u:nily OVXY. ifacroun'cjce— Continued. Pago.

2950. ilriuiHqiianiiH (Gill & Townsend) 2575

GeuiiM 1003. Clinlinura, Goodo & Bean 2576

2951. aerriila, Boan 2576

2952. fllifera, Gilbert 2577

29r)3. Simula, Goode & Hean 2578

GenuH 1004. Coryhfunoides, Gunner 2578

2954. rupestris, Gunner 2579

2955. carapinus, Goode & Bean 2579

Genu.s 1005. Hynienocepbalus, GijtliolJ 2580

2950. cavernosas (Goodo & Uean) 2580

Genus 1006. Macrourus, Bloih 2581

2957. berglax, Lact-ped© 2582

2958. holotracliys, Giinther 2582

2959. bairdii, Goode ik Bean 2583

2960. lepturns, Gill & Townsend 2684

2961. acrolepis, Beau 2585

2962. stclgidolepis, Gilbert 2585

2903. cinereus, Gilbert 2586

Genus 1007. Crolorhynchus, Giorna 2587

2964. occa (Goode & Bean) 2588

296.^. carmiuatus (Goode) 2588

2966. caribbiius (Goode & Bean) 2589

2'.)67. 8caphop8i8((iilbert> 1 2590

Genus 1008. Trachonurus, Giiutber 2591

2908. sulcatus (Goode &, Hean) 2591

Genus 1009. Lionurus, Giinther 2592

2969. tilicauda (Giinther) 2592

2970. liolepis, Gilbert 2593

SUBOUDKll TiENIOSOMI 2594

Familii COXVJ. liegalecidee 2595

(itiius 1010. Regalecus, Briinnicb 2595

A 2971. glesne (Ascanius) 2596
Famili/ GCXVIL Trachypteridce 2597

Genus 1011. Trachypterus, Gouan 2599 ,

»2972. rex-salnionoruni, Jordan & Gilbert 2599 ■

— 2973. trachyurus, Poey 26(J0

Faviily OCXVIII. Htylephoridm 2601

(ienus 1012. Stylepliorus, Shiuv 2601

2974. chordutus, Slia w 2601

SuBo iiDE B Hktekosomata 2602

Family COXIX. Fleuronectidm 2602

lieuus 1013. Atherestlics, Jordan & Gilbert. 2609

2975. stomias (Jordan & Gilbert) 2609

Genus 1014. Koinhardtius.Gill 2610

2976. hippoglossoides (Wulbauni) 2611

Genus 1015. HippoglosHus, Cuvier 2611

2977. hippoglossus (Liniueus) 261'

(ienus 1016. Lyopsetta, Jordan &. Gosa 2612

2978. exilis (Jordan & Gilbert) 2612

( ienus 1017. Eopsotta, J ordau &. Goss 2613

2979. jordaui' ( Lockington) 2613

(ienus 1018. Hippoglossoides, Gottsche ., 2614

2980. platessoides (Fabricius) 2814

2981. elassodoii, Jordan & Gilbert 2615

2982. robustus, Gill & Townpen;! 2616

2983. bamiltoui, Jordan &. Gilbert 2616

w

CONTENTS.

XI\

CLASS III. PISCES— Continiiea.

Urukk IJH. xVcANTHoi'TEiti— Continued.

Family VCXIX. I'leiironectidw—ContinneA. Pn^e.
Genus 1019. Pse.ttichtli.VH.Girnnl 2B17

2084. nit'lanostictiis, Girard 2018

Genus 1020. Verusper, Jorilan & Gilbert 2018

2085. mo-sori. Joidau it Gilbert 2010

Genus 1021. Hipimglossimi, .Steiiidacliiier 2020

2980. stuiiiata, Kij^euniaun i.*^. Kigeunianu 2020

2!t87. mncrops, Steiudacliner 2621

2988. l>olliiiani, Gilbert 2021

Genus 1022. Lioglossiuii, Gilbert 2622

2089. totrophtlialuui, Gilbert 2022

Genus 1023. Xystreurys, .Jordan & Gilbert 2623

2990. liolepis, Jordan & Gilbert 2023

Genus 1024. I'araliciitliys, (iirard 2624

2991. californieus (Ayres) 202.5

2091(a). I'araliehthys iiiagdalena), Abbott 2872

2092. lestuarius, Gilbert & Scolield 2626

2993. brasiliensis ( Kauzani) 2026

2994. sinaloiu, Jordan & Abbott 2627, 2872

2905. woohnaui, Jordan it Williams 2628

2096. dentatus (Linnicus) 2629

2997. lethostitfuius, Jordan & Gilbert 2630

2998. sqiiauiileutus, Jordan i&^ Gilbert 2631

2989. albifjuttiis, Jordan & Gilbert 2631

3000. oblongus (Mitchill) 2032

Gen us 1025. Raninlaria, Jordan & Evennann 2033.

3001. dendritica (Gilbwt) 2633

Genus 1020. Ancyiopsetta, (Jill 2034

3002. quadrocellata, Gill 2634

Genus 1027. Notosenui, Goode & Hean 2635

3003. dilectuni, (ioode & Bean 2035

Genus 1028. Gastropsetta, 15. A. Beau 2030

3004. frontalis, B. A. Bean 2030

Genus 1029. Pleuronichthys, Girard 2037

3005. decurrens, Jordan & Gilbert 2037

3006. verticalis, Jordan & Gilbert 26.^8

3007. coenosus, Girard , 2638

Genus 1030. Hypsopsetta, Gill 2639

3008. guttulata (Girard) 2639

Genus 1031. Paroplirys, Girard 2640

3009. vetulus, Girard 2040

Genus 1032. Inopsetta, Jordan & Goss 2041

3010. ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert) 2641

Genus 1033. laopsetta, Lockington 2642

3011. isolepis (Lockington) 2642

Genus 1034. Leiddopsetta, Gill 2642

3012. bilineata (Ayres) 2643

Genus 1035. Limanda, Gottsche 2644

3013. ferruginea (Storer) 2(i44

3014. aspera (Pallas) .: 26(5

3015. proboscidea, Gilbert 2645

3016. beanii, Goode 2646

Gen us 1036. Pseudopleuronectes, Bleeker 2646

3017. amoricanus (Walbauni) 2647

3018. pinnifasciatus (Kner) 2647

Genus 1037. Pleuroneet«8 (Artedi) Linnaus 2648

3019. quadrituberculatus, Pallas 2648

f 'J

XX

CONTKNT8.

•! !;|

^?!

i

ill
I

il-i'i

ill!

i

ill

I

■hi

CLASS in. PISCES— Continued.

Ohdeu BB. AoANTHOPTEiii— ConUniied.

Fuvhily VOXIX. I'leurmifctida -Continued. Vago.
Genus 1038. Lio|)HettH, (till L'0-19

3020. glacialiH (I'allns) 2040

3021. imtnanii (GUI) 2650

3022. obHcnni (Hcrztnstein) 2651

Genus 1039. Platichtliyti, Giiard 2651

3023. «tellatiiH(l'aila8) 2652

GeuuH 1040. Microstoniua, Gottsche 2C53

3024. kitt(Wulbaum) 2654

3026. paciflciiH (Lockington) 2665

Genus 1041. EnibassiclithyH, Jordan ifc Evcrniaun 2665

3026. bathybins (Gilbert) 2655

Genus 1042. Gly ptoceplialu.s, Got tscbo 2656

3027. cy noglossuB (LinutiniH) 2657

3028. zachirus, Lockington 2U58

Genus 1043. Lophopsetta, Gill 2659

3029. maculata (Mitcliill) 2660

Genus 1044. Platoi>liry», Swainaon 2660

3030. spinoHiis (Poey) 2662

3031 . constellatUH, Jordan , 2663

3032. ocellatus (Agassiz) 2663

3033. inaoilifer (Poey) 2664

3034. ellipticus (Poey) 2665

3035. lunatus (LInnaMts) 2665

3036. leopardiuiis (IMintlier) 2666

Genus 1045. PeriHsias, Jordan &. Everniann 2667

3037. taiuiopterua ((rilbert) 2667

Genus 1046. Engyoplirys, Jordan A Hollnian 2608

3038. Haucti-laurcntii, Jordan & liolluian 2068

Genus 1047. Tricliopsotta, Gill 2669

3039. ventralis (Goodo & Bean) 2669

Guuus 1048. Syaciuni, Kauzani 2670

3040. papillosum (Liumuus) 2671

3041 . niicrurum, Kanzani 26*^2

3042. latifrons (Jordan & Gilbert) 2673

3043. ovale (Giintlier) 2674

Genua 1049. Cyclopsetta, Gill 2075

o044. querna (Jordan &, Bollman) 2075

3045. chittendeni, B. A. Bean 2676

3046. fimbriata (Goodo &^ Bean) 2670

Genus 1050. Azovia, Jordan 2677

3047. pauaniensis (Steiudacliner) 2677

(Senus 1051. Citharichthys, Bleeker 2678

Subgenus Ortliopsetta, Gill 2679

3048. Hordidus (Girard) 2679

3049. f'ragilis, Gilbert 2680

3050. xanthostignius, Gilbert 2080

3051. .stigma'us, Jordan & ( Jilbert 2081

Subgenus Citharichthys 2682

3052. dinoceros, Goode & Bean 2682

3053. platophrya, Gilbert 268:!

3054. arctifrons, Goode 2683

3055. unicornis, Goodo 268;i

3056. uhlori, Jordan 2684

3057. niftcrops, DrcHsel 2684

3058. spilopteruB, Giintber 2685

3059. gilberti, Jenkins &^ Everniann 2680

CONTKNTS.

XXI

cr.ASS III. PISCES— CoiitiinitMl.

OKUEU HH. At^ANTii )i'TEia— Coiitinufd.

Faiiiily VCXIX. I'lnu-onfclirice—CovtiiuiMi. Pnpo.

(ieiiiiH ID'i'J. Ktroims, Jordan \ Gilbert 2<iH7

;t()(i(). miinmtoiiniM ((rill) "JiiHT

IIOOI. riiiioHiiH, (iouile c&. Keaii 'MUX

aiMi'J. rroHsotuH, .1 (mlan iV 4 iilbort 2ti80

(it'll 118 lO");!. i^Ioiioleiu<, (loodc 2600

;t06.'l. siMsilii'iiuda, Gciodo 2691

3064. atriiiiaiia, (loodi! A: Heaii 2092

Family CCXX. Sidndiv 2fli»L'

(icinis 1054. Acliiru». Lac6pf'de 2093

Subfreiiim Haiostoiiia, Jiean 2695

;t()(i5. acliirus (Liniiii'UH) 2095

3000. iii»criptu8, (losRe 2696

;i067. klunzingeri (Steiiidacliner) 2697

3068. liiieatus ( Lin nii' uh) '. 2697

3000. niazatlanus (SteindaeliiuT) 2098

3070. I'onsecensis (( liintlicr) 2699

3071. flm-hcri (Stcindaclmer) 2699

3072. .scut um (( iiinther) 2700

SubgeniiH A(liiru.s 2700

3073. tlnibriatiiH (Giiutlier) 2700

3074. faHciat us, LacOpedo 2700

307.'>. piiiiainwisis (Steindachuer) 2702

Gouiis 1055. Apionichtliys, Kaup 2702

3070. unicolor ((Mintln'i) 2702

Genus 1050. (lyninacliiriis, Kaup 2703

3077. fasciatus, (iiinther : 2703

Genus 1057. Syinpliurus, Ivatinosriuo 2704

Subgenus Sympliurus 2705

3078. piger ((ioode \. Hean) 2705

3079. niarginatus ((ioode & Hean) 2706

3080. atraniontatiis, Jordan &. lioUinan 2700

3081. lasciolaris, (iilbert - 2707

3082. elongatiis (Giinthor) 2707

3083. atricaudus (Jordan & Gilbert) 2707

3084. leei, Jordan &. Hollinan 2708

3085. plagusia (Blocli & Schneider) 2709

3080. plagiusa (Linua'us) 2710

3087. puoiiliis (Goode & Bean) 2710

3088. dioniedeanuH (Gooile & Bean) , 2711

3089. willlamsi, Jordan &. Culver 2711

Subgenus Acedia, Jc'^'in 2712

3090. nebulosus ((jroode 6l Bean) 2712

Ordkk C(;. Pedk'Ulati 2712

Family i'GXXI. Lophiidm 2713

Genus 1058. Lopbius (Artedi) LIhnasus 2713

3091. jiiscatorius, Ijinuii-us 2713

Genus 1059. Lopbionius, (Jill ' 2714

3092. seligenis (VabI) 2714

Family OC'XXII. Aiitcnnariidfe 2715

Genus 1000. Pterophryne, Gill 2715

3093. histrio (Linnnjus) 2716

3094. gibba (Mitcbill) 2717

(ienuslOBl. Antennarius, Lac6pt'de 2717

3095. inops, I'oey 2718

3096. ]u'incipi8 (Cuvier & Valencienni'.s) , 2719

3097. teuebroaus (I'oey) 2719

■!>■'
i .i 1
i ■

(i»^^i'*l»'i«i)iti■>i*■■■-.^*l'•'.;v:i■*«.iei^,v./■".-i«-^J^.^A«

XXII

CONTKNT8.

■^i:

l!i

iM

i 11

I i

if:

CLASS III. PISCES-Contiunwl.

Okdek C<J. PEDiruLATi— (;oiitinu»!<l.

Fawilii OOXXIl. ,l;i<enjiacurfrtf— Continued. Pagu.

U0n8. rcticiilitriH, (lillM)it 2711t

:i009. HtriKttlim, Uill 2720

3100. HanKiiiniMis, Gill 27l'1

:il01. ocellatuH (JJloch & Schn.fider) 2721

3102. scabor (Ciivier) 2722

3103. tigriH, Poey 2723

3104. niittinKii, < Jarman 2723

3105. inultioccllutUH (Ciivier & ValencienncH) 2724

310G. radioHUM, (iarman 272.'>

Genus 1062. Cliauuax, Lowe 2726

3107. pictUH, Lowe 2726

3108. nuttingii, Uarnian 2727

Family roxXIIJ. Ceratiulce 2727

GenUM KiOS. Ceratias, Kriiyer 2729

31'Jil. Iiolbolli, Kriiyer 2729

Genus 1064. Mancalias, Gill 2729

3110. uranoscopua (Murray) 2720

3111. shufelilti (Gill) 27.J0

Genus 1(105. Cryptopsara.s, Gill 2731

3112. couei.ii, Gill 2731

Genus 10(56. Oneirwles, Liitken 2732

3113. escrichtii, Liitken 2732

Genus 10(i7. Iliniantoloplius, Heiiiliardt 2732

3114. gruinlandicus, Keinhardt 2733

Genus 1068. Corynolophus, Gill 2738

3ll.'i. roiuhardti (Liitken) 2733

Genus 1069. Liooetus, Giintlier 2733

3 1 1 6. niurray i (Giintlier) 2733

Genus 1070. Linophryne, Collett 2734

3117. lucifer, Collett 2734

Genua 1071. Caulophryne, Goode &. 15t?an 2734

3118. Jordani, Goode & Bean 2735

Family Oi'XXI V. Ogcocephalidce. 2735

Genus 1072. Ogcocephalus, Fischer 273(i

3119. veupertilio (Linnasus) 2737

3120. nasutus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) 2737

3121. radiatus (Mitchill) 273K

Genus 1073. Zalieutes, Jordan & Everniann 273>s

Sr.".'. elat«r (Jordan & Gilbert) 2738

Genus 1074. Halieutichthys, Poey 273H

3123. aculeatus (Mitchill) 2739

3124. caribboius, Garman 2741

Genus 1075. Halioutffia, Cuvier & Valenciennes 2741

3125. gpongiosa, Gilbert 2741

Genus 1076. Halieutella, Goode' & Bean 274J

3126. lappa, Goode & Bean 274'J

Genus 1077. Dibranchus, Peters '74i

3127. atlauticus, Petera 274;<

W.

ill

LIST OF NHW NAMES.

Tlie following is a list of tbo new f;ou(>ric, subgcneric, .H]to<'iflc, and su'i-
Hpecific uanies which appear as new in I'art III of the i)re8('nt work:

I'agu.

Sic.vdium vimento, Jordan &■ Evennaun 2207

Kuyimiiis, Jordan &, Evormann 2231

<j nut li yi'"!'** snyderi, Jordim &. Evorniaun 2286

DactyloscopiiH /.elote«, Jonlan & (Jilbert 2303

Dh'i tor, Jordan & Ev(>rinann 2325

UrysNoi)liilu8. Jordan & E vernmnn 2329

Gol>i«8<'x jtyrinus, J ordan & E vornianu 2331

Corallicola, Jordan & Everinunn , 2309

Bluuniohis, Jordan & Evorniaun 2386

HoniesthcB, (iilbort 2394

HonioMthos caulopus, Gilliert 2304

ScarticiiMiys, Jordan & K verinaun 2305

Opliioblonnius Hteindathneri, Jordan & Evermann 2401

Emblcniaria atlantica, Jordan & Evermann 2402

Enedrias, Jordan & Gilbert 2414

Einbryx, Jordan c& Evermann 2458

Lycia», Jordan & Evermann 2461

Empbycns, J ordan & Evermann 2552

Albatrossia, Jordan & Evermann 2573

]5og08loviuH, J( I'dan &. E verman.i 2574

Hippoglosaoides hamiltoni, Jordan & Gilbert 2616

Vorasper, Jordan & Gilbert 2618

Vcrasper moseri, Jordan & Gilbert 2619

Kamularia, Jordan & Evermann 2633

Perissias, Jordan & Evermann 2667

Carcharhinus ctu-dale, Gilbert 2746

CarcbarhkiUH vclox, Gilbert 2747

Myliobatis a8i>errimn8, Gilbert 2754

Aapi8tor, Jordan &, Evermann 2703

Galeicbthys xenaiichcn, Gilbert 2777

TacbyHurus eranielane, Gilbert 2785

Azteciila, Jordan «fe Evermann 2700

Notropis chamberlaini, Evermann 2800

Notropis louisiana;, Evermann 2801

Pisoodonophis daspilotax, Gilbert 2803

Mura'na clepsydra, ( Jilbert 2805

Stolejdiorus rastralis, Gilbert & Pierson 2811

Stolophoras ranndeohis, Gilbert & Pierson 2812

Stolepboriifi naso, Gilbert & Pierson 2813

StolepborriS starksi, Gilbert & Pierson 2813

Cett'igraulia engymen, Gilbert &. Pieraon 2815

Ar^yrosomns alascauns, Scofleld 2817

OsiuriiH albatroHsls, Jordan & Gilbert 2823

Bathylagus millori. Jordan & Gilbert 2825

XXIII

ii:

'km ■

Bliiii' ;

XXIV

LIST OK NICW NAMKS.

Pago.

Zaphotiiis, Goodu &. Bmii 2826

Cliariicodon gariiiani, Jordan \- Kvorinaiiii 2831

SiplioHtoraa siiialou!, Jordan & Stisrks 2838

llli.vncbla8,<Jill 2841

( MigopliteH iniinduH, Jordan & Starks ^. 2844

Heiiiicaranx zolol e.s, ( 1 ilbert 2845

lllocciitia ineadia;, Jordan & Everinaiin 2852

liOliotuH )ia(;iticu8, (iillMM't 2857

l'oro(ottii.s bradfordi, Rntter 2802

Sigiiiistes Kwtter 2863

Sigiiiintes vaiiliaH, Riittor 2863

Crystallichthys, Jordan \- < lilbort 2864

Oystalliciitli ys niirabilis, Jordan \- Gilbert 2866

AllinectoH, Jordan & Evcnnanii 2866

l'roi;nuru8, Jordan &. Kverinann 2860

Proipiiiriis (■y))8<diirii», Jordaii &. Gilbert 2866

Sicyosiis, .Jordan &, Everniaiin 2867

Alect rias, Jordan it Kverniann 286!(

FnniinianuH, .fordaii it Kverniann 2869

Salmo clarkii tabouuHin, Jordan & Kverniann , 2870

Olijrocottiis snyiieri, Greeley 2871

Flannnco, Jordan it Kverniann 3871

Paralicb t hys niagdalena;, Abbott 2872

Pi'r.iliclithy8 siualoaj, Jordan & Abbott 2872

ill

i'i

Ui

!'!:'

^

'iii'
ill.

i-i'

t

w

,>5n'^,5y_:»:w*'.M-,;' ''rl^-X'-

The Fishes

OF

NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA.

BY DAVTD STARR JORDAN AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN,

PART III

PREFATORY NOTE.

Thia volnmo, is the third of a descriptive catalogue of the fishes and
tish-like vertebrates of North aud Mi«ldle Americii. For the sake of
greater coiiipleteuess the marine fishes of the Galapagos IslandH aud the
South American coast north of the (Minator have l»een included, as all of
thcso are sure, sooner or later, to bo found within our limits. For the
same reason the few 8pe<'ies known from Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands
are included as a part of the fauna of tho Alaskan Sea.

The pagination and the numb«'riug of the spe(;ieH, genera, and higher
groups art' continuous throughout the three parts.

I'art I, lirancliioslomatidw to Priacanthida', inclusive (pages 1 to 1240),
was published Otttober 3, 1896; Part II, LuHaindw to Cvphalacanthida-
inclusive (pages 1241 to 2183), was published 0«!tober 3, 1898; aud Part
111, CaUionynmkv to Oococephalido' appears on November 2(5, 185)8. I'arts I,
II, and III have each their own table of contents, while in Part IV (the
Atlas) is given a table of contents complete for the entire work aud cor-
rected to include the Adtlenda.

The present part includes also an artificial key to the families of true
fishes, an addtMulum <'ontaining species overlooked or described subse-
<lU('ntl}' to tlie publication or casting «»f the part to which they belong, a
glossary of scientitic terras, and a general index complete for the entire
work.

A fourth volume, or Atlas of plates, containing illustrations of one or
iiioi'c species of ( ach of the more important genera, will follow within
the year.

The preparation of the manuscript for this work was begun by the
senior author in 1H91. In 1S93 the junior author became associated with
him, and since then both have given to it such of their time and energy
as could be spared from engrossing othcial duties to whfch systematic
ich*' y«tlogy bears no relation.

The insertion of the comma betwe«>n generic and specific names and the
authorities for them, as practiced in this publication, is in accordance
with the views held by the authorities of the United States National
Museum, i»nd does not express the views of the authors of this work.

2183a

■r:-

i i

■■I

2184 BwlMm ^7, United States Naiional Museum.

Class PISCES— Concluded.

Subclass TELEOSTOMI— Concluded.

Order BB. ACANTHOPTERI— Concluded.

if

it

I;:

ii

I

ijill

'Ii!'

Wi

liiiii:
Pi

Group GOBIOIDEA.
(The Gobies.)

Body olongate, variously scaled or naked ; head usually large, armed
or not, the suborbital riug without a bony stay for the preopercle; gill
openings reduced, the membranes attached to the isthmus. Gills 4, a slit
behind the last; pseudob ranching ]»re8,'nt. Ventral rays I, 4 or I, 5,
insertiul below pectoral, the fins close together or united or widely sepa-
rated or oth«'rwi8e peculiar; dorsal fins separate or united, the first of a
few weak spines, sonn-times wanting; anal rathor long, usually with a
single weak spine, similar to soft dorsal; caudal rounded. Usually no
air bladder nor pyloric ca'oa. Vertebra' 24 to 35. Carnivorous bottom
fishes, mostly of small sixe in warm regions, some marine, others of the
fresh waters. Two families.

n. Ventral tins widely st'parated ; preopercle Htrongly armed; lateral line present.

Cai,liony.mio.k, tr.xxxvu.

aa. Ventral tins close togetlior, iiHiially united; preopercle witli a w.'iik H]:iii)> or none;

no lateral line. GoBUDiR, clxxxviii.

Family CLXXXVII. CALLIONYMID.E.
(TiiK Dragoxets.)

Body elongate, naked; head usually broad and depressed; the mouth
narrow, the upper jaw very protractile; teeth very small, in Jaws only;
preopercle armed with a strong spine, which is usually branched. Eyes
moderatd, usually directed upward. Lateral Hue present, often dupli-
cated. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior with ?> or 4 Hexible spines; soft dorsal
iix\A anal short, the latter without distinct spine; veiitrals I, 5, widely
separated from each other ; pectoral fins large. Gill openings small, tlu^
membranes broadly attached to the isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind the
fourth; pseudobranchia' present; no air bladder. Vertebra' usually
8 -{-13 = 21. Small fishes of the shores of warm seas, chiefiy of tlie old
world. Allie<l to the Gobies, but often resembling the Cottidr in form.
Genera 4, species about 30. {(lobiidw CaUionymina, (Jiinther, Oat. Fishes,
III, i;W-152.)

a. VcntnilH i-ntire, the outer ray not detarhed ; head depressed ; jr'" "peninj; reduced t«»
a v"'\v >»iuall t'orunieii on upper Hurl'ace »!' head; lateral line singU-.

Calliunvmis, 79l».

I

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2185

799. CALLIONYMUS, Linnicaa.

OaUioitymtis, Linn-T.us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 249, 1758 (tyro).

This genus includes Dragonets Avith the ventral fins entire, without do-
tach«>(l ray, the gill opening reduced to a small foramen opening ujjward,
and the lateral line single; head triangular, depressed; eyes directed up-
ward ; preopercular spine very large ; sexual ditt'erences strong.y marked.
Species nun^erous, living on sea bottoms at some depth. («d/lAr5, beauty ;
ovojiict, name.)

a. Dorsal rays IV, 8 or 9; anal rays 8; some of the dorsal spines fllamentoua.

b. Frcopercular 8])ine very long, armed with about 0 liookH or uiiinules ; caudal not
fllanientous. BAUtDi, 2511.

bb. Preopercular spine strong, bifurcate; caudal fin more or less produced or fila-
mentous. HIMANTOPHOBUS, 2512.

aa. Dorsal rays III, 6 or IV, 6; anal rays 4.

e. PreoiKfrcular spine with 2 barbs, the anterior turned forward ; body with white

spots. CALLIUBUS, 2513.

ee. Preoi)ercular spine with 3 teeth above, ending in an acute point.

PAUCIBADIATUS, 2514.

2611. CALLIOWMUS BAIRDI, Jordan.

HeadSJi; depth 9,^. D. IV, 9; A. 8. Body long and low, very slender,
the head much depressed, the least depth of the caudal peduncle about
eiiual to the diameter of the eye. Head triangular as viewed from above,
its breadth J its length, exclusive of the preopercular spine. Snout blunt-
ish as seen from above, sharp in profile, its outline straight and moderately
steep until above the eyes; profile behind the eyes considerably depressed.
Snout 2| in head to gill opening ; eye 4 ; month small, inferior, the maxil-
lary reaching front of eye, as long as snout; lower lip conspicuous.
Te«'th slender, in villiform bands in both jaws, none on vomer. Interor-
bital area a simple narrow ridge. Bones of head behind eyes rugose; a
low rough tubercle of bare bone above the temporal region on each side,
somewhat behind each eye. Preopercular spine very long, as long as eye,
its exterior ridge with a single antrorse spinule at its base, its posterior
edge with 8 conspicuous hooks turned forward and inward, these growing
progress! vi'ly smaller from the second. Gill opening reduced to a pore at
upper posterior angle of opercle, its width rather less than that of pupil.
Dorsal sjiines strong, the first ending iu a slender filament, the whole as
long as head ; second and third spines broken (probably each with a short
filament iu life, as a sliort filament is still present on the fourth spine) ;
fourth spine well behind third (leaving room for another spine, although
no trace of such spine is present) ; soft dorsal high, most of its rays
slightly tilamtnitous at tip, the longest about ^ head; caudal subtruncate,
not filamentous, about as long as head to base of preopercular si>ine; anal
fin rather high, the length of it3 base 3 iu body ; pectorals about as long
as ventrals, each as long as head without preopercular spine. Lateral
line single. Color light grayish, mottled or spotted with yellowish and
dark brown ; cheeks with steel-bluish spots; first dorsal with dusky retic-
ulations around pale gray spots; second dorsal and caudal with nar-
3030 (50

■Mi:

•ijf;;

I I W

'm

■*;!'!■

m
ill

hi

t

1

m

1
ill

1:1

1 i

2186 Bulletin 4.y, United States National Museum.

row dusky cross streaks; anal witli its posterior half chiefly black, the
anierioi ];:'.le; ventrals black; pectorals pale. Type, a specimen 4| inches
long, in good condition, from the "spewings" of a Snapper or a Gronper
{^eonuvnis aya or Epincphelus mono), taken on the Snapper Banks, be-
tween Pensacola and Tampa ; 1 other specimen known. ("I have named
this species for Prof. Spencer F. Haird, to wliom I have been indebted
for aids of many kinds in connection with my studies of American fishes."
Jordan.)

CalUonymui hairdi, Jorjan, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mu8. 1887, 501, Snapper Banks off Pensa-
cola. (Tjiie, No. y9300. Coll. Silaa Stearns.)

2512. CALLIONYHUS IIIMA>'T01>II0ItlI8, Goode &. Bean.

Head 3^ ; depth of head equ<al to length of its postorbital portion or to
greatest deptli oi' body. Greatest depth of body at the head and the ante-
rior portion of the trunk. I). IV, 8; A. 8; V. 19; V. I, 5. Body slender,
moderately elongate, fins all well developed, the tail tapering and with
some of its rjiys produced into a filament. Caudal peduncle very slen-
der, the h'ast height of tail scarcely more than J greatest height of body.
Profile descending very rapidly at snout. Mouth small and the intermaxil-
lary very protractile, but may be almost entirely concealed under the pre-
orbitals. Intermaxillary reaching to front of orbit. Maxillary a roundish,
slender bone, extending backward to end of intermaxillary. Mandible
about as long as eye, extending to vertical through front of pupil. Teeth .
in villiform bands on interinaxillaiy and mandible. Interorbital space
very narrow, less than J length of (^ye, which is li times as long as snout
and nearly > of total without caudal. A strong bifurcated spine at angle
of the preo|»erculum extending backward slightly beyond the gill open-
ing; length of this spine at its upper articulation ^ length of eye. Gill
opening reduced to a small slit, placed at a distance behind eye about
etiualing length of eye and above median line of body. Skin uoked.
liateral line abruptly arched over gill opening and connected, across nape
with its fellow of the opposite side. Spinous dorsal somewhat elevated
iu front, the first s]>in(^ nearly twice as long as last, its length about j(
total length of caudal; sixth and seventh rays longest, their length
nearly etiualing that of base of fin; caudal consisting of 4 simjile and
8 divided I'ays; of the divided rays the fifth and sixth are the longest,
the lower portion of the fifth and the upper portion of the sixth being
produced into a filament, making these rays as long as the distance from
the tip of the intermaxillary to the fourth anal ray. It is worthy ol'
remark that in another example of the same species and of about the
same sixt^ as the type, the sixth of the «Uvided rays alone contributes to
form the filament; and in a young example, al)out ^ as large as the type,
the first dorsal spine when laid back reaches to the end of soft dorsal.
Some of th<; numerous exam]des of this S])ecies have none of the cau-
dal rays much produced, even in large individuals. Anal fin beginning
directly under third ray of soft dorsal, its rays increasing in lengt!" to the
sixth, which is the longest and twice as long as the first, its length .'tjj

!iii']r'

illii

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2187

in total without caudal. All the rays simple except the last, which is
divided. The pectoral beginning under middle of spinous, dorsal and
extending to below the fifth ray of the soft dorsal, its rays all simple.
The ventral base overlapping lower extremity of pectoral base, its origin
under the gill opening. The fourth and longest ray equaling \ of total
length without caudal. A small but distinct ai "1 papilla. Color gener-
ally light brown, the back with numerous narrow streaks and blotclies of
slightly darker brown; a dark blotch on membrane betw»>en the third
and fourth dorsal spines, in some cases occupying nearly all the mem-
brane, in other cases more limited and nearly elliptical in shape ; anal
with a broad subvertical dark band, the tips of rays and a small area of
the membrane behind each ray pale; the lower caudal lobe with a nar-
row submarginal dark band; ventral with 2 indistinct narrow dark
bands on its outer half. From Blake Station XXX, off Barbados, in 209
iathoms; Station CLXXX, at 137 fathoms; Station XXXIII, off Santa
Cruz, at 115 fathoms; Station 2CCXVI, at 119 fathoms; Station CCXXX,
at 81 fathoms, ("//a?, whip; 0opeo>j, bear.)

Callionymut hiinanto])horu*,* Goode & Bkan, Oceau. Ichtli., 296, pi. lxxvi, ligs. 208,
2C8a, b, ''36, off Barbados.

•2513. CALLIONYMUS CALLIURVS, Kigenniann & Eigenniann.

Head 3h to tip of opercular spine (5 in total) ; depth 7 (9). D. IV, 6; A.
4. Body flat below, the ventral surface bordered on each side with a fold
of skin which is wider than the i>upil; a single lateral line; diameter of
eye equaling length of snout, 3^^ in head; maxillary not extending to
eye ; preopercular spine with 2 barbs above, tlie anterior one larger and
turned forward; gill opening a minute foramen opening upward. The
last dorsal ray equaling length of head, and the first dorsal spine reach-
ing its tip when the fin is depressed; ventral fins connected by a broad
membrane to the middle of the outer pectoral region; pectoral lius as
long as the heail. Cheeks, operclos, connecting membrane of ventral
lins and antepocto.'al region witli milk-white spots; lower jaw black near
the rictus ; a series of black dots ou branchiostegal vnembraues, 1 or 2
similar dots in front of pectorals, 2 on the cheek forming a series with tlie
stMond branchiostegal spot ; 4 black spots ou the marginal membranu of
tlie belly, other black spots above it; lower half of body with numerous
dirty white spots; pectorals transparent, ventrals dusky : membrane of
anal s])rinkled with minute black iioints aggreg.ated into blaek spots in
]>laces, and with opaiiue white spots; caudal transparent, having minute
points, its upper half with opatiue milk-white bars running obliquely
downward and baekward from ray to ray; lower half with interrupted
longitudinal lines of opa<[uo white, alternating with black spots; dorsal
transparent, with white and dark dots most conspicuous between last
rays; body marbled with light and darker. Key West, Florida; 1 f.peci-
meu dredged in 5 fathoms. (HaXXoi, beauty; dvpd, tail.)

Callionymun ealliunit, Eigenmann & Eiqenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 76, South
Beach, Key West. (Type, No. 26265, M. C. X.)

i

'' Tlio flin;ci«H was lifted by EiKoninnnn, Proo. (Jul. Ac. Sci., 2d scr. 1, 78, as " CalUvnymu»
ayassizH, Guude &, lioaii," a uaiuu ouly, iiccoiupaniud by uu deacriptioa.

2188 Bulletht 47, United States National Museum.

2514. CALLIONTMUS PAUCIRADIATUS, GIU.

"D. Ill, 6; A. 4. The preopercnlar spine is armed with three teeth
above and terminates in an acute point." (Gill.) Matanzas, Cuba; an
imperfectly described species, known only from the above note. {j^auiAf
few; radiaim, rayed.)

Callimvymus pauciradiatui, OiLL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. K. Y., viii, 1865, 143, Matanzas,
Cuba.

Family CLXXXVIII. GOBIIDiE.

'i

III

m

iiii

i^i

;:!!'

(TiiK Gobies.)

Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with ctenoid or cycloid
scales. Dentition various, the teeth generally small ; premaxillaries pro-
tractile; suborbital without bony stay. Skin of head continuous with
covering of eyes. Opercle unarmed ; preopercle unarmed or with a short
8i>iue ; pseudobranchiie present. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth ; gill
membranes united to the isthmus, the gill openings thus restricted to the
sides. No lateral line. Dorsal fins separate or connected, the spinous
dorsal least developed, of 2 to 8 flexible spines, rarely wanting; anal usu-
ally with a single weak spine, similar to the soft dorsal ; ventral tins close
together, separate or fully united, each composed of a short spine and 5
(rarely 4) soft rays, the inner rays longest; the ventral fins, when united,
form a sucking disk, a cross fold of skin at their base completing the cup ;
caudal fin convex ; anal papilla prominent. No pyloric oseca; usually no
air bladder. Carnivorous fishes, mostly of small size, living on the bot-
toms near the shores in warm regions. Some inhabit fresh waters, and
others live indiscriminately in either fresh or salt water. Many of them
bury in the mud of estuaries. Few of them are large enough to be of
much value as food. Genera about 80; species nearly 600. The species
are for the most paii; easily recognized, but their aixangemcnt in genera
is a matter of extreme difficulty. Until the multitude of Asiatic forms
are critically studied, any definition of the American genera must be ten-
tative only. {Gohiida;, part; groups Uobiina, AmMyopina, and IVypauche-
nina, Giinther, Cat. Fishes, iii, 1-138.)

Analysis of Gknbra of Nokth ^aierican Gouhd^.
a. Ventral flna separate; body acaly.

OXYMETOl'ONTIN^E :

b. Veutral rays 1, 4.

e. Forehead bluntly rounded, without sharp keel ; tongue very slender, sharp ;
body elongate, compressed, covered with very small scales ; bead short,
compressed, rather broad above; mouth oblique, the lower jaw projecting;
teeth in few series, some of them canine-like ; istlimus narrow. Dorsals
separate, the first of 6 slender spines; soft dorsal and anal elongate;
c indal lanceolate. Ioulobsub, 800.

Eleotr din^:
bb. Veutral rays I, 5.

d. Vomer with a broad patch of villiform teeth; gill openings extending for-
ward to below posterior angle of mouth, tlie isthmus thus very narrow ;

ig for-
BiTOW;

Jordan and Evennaym. — Fishes if North America. 2189

teeth villiform, tlio outer scarcely enlarged ; vertobnr 12 -f 13 (dormitor) ;
skull above with ('on8i)icuous elevated ridges, one or these bonnding the
orbit above, the orbital ridges connected posteriorly above by a strong
cro^H ridge; a sharp longitudinal ridge on each side of the occipital, thn
two nearly parallel, the post-temporals boing attached to the pos-
terior ends. Insortious of post-temporals widely separated, the dis-
tance between thum greater than the rather narrow interorbital width ;
the ]M)st-temporal bones little divergent; top of bead depressed, botli
before and behind tiie cross ridge between eyes; a tlattisb triangular
area between this and tlie little elevated supraoccipital region; pre-
operclo without spines; lower pharyngeals with slender, deproasiUe
teeth, and without lamelliform appendages; scales of m(Mlcrate size,
ctenoid. Philypnus, 801.

Ad,. Vomer without teeth; isthmus broad; -^ill openings scarcely extending for-
ward below to posterior angle of preopercle ; skull without crests,
e. Body scaly, both anteriorly and posteriorly.

/. Lower pharyngeal teeth stiff and blunt; the bones witli an outer
series of broad flexible lamelliform appendages, which are
rudimentary gill filaments; body short and elevated; teeth
slender, those in the outer row scarcely larger, and movable;
top of head without raised crests, flattish, its surface uneven ;
post-temporal bones rattier strongly diverging, the distance
between their insertions about \ the broad flattish interorbital
space; no spine on preopercle or branchiostegali; scales large,
ctenoid. Species herbivorous. Dormitator, 802.

ff. Lower pharyngeals normal, snbtriangular, the teeth stiff, villi-
form, no lamelliform appendages ; scales of moderate or small
size ; body oblong or elongate.
g. Body moderately robust, the depth 4 to 5J times in the length
to base of caudal ; scales ctenoid ; cranium without dis-
tinct median keel ; a small supraoccipital crest.
h. Post-temporal bones little divergent, not inserted close
together, the distance between their insertions
greater than the r' derate interorbital space, or
3} in length of head; top of skull little gibbous;
lower pharyngeals narrower than in Eleolris; pre-
opercle without spine ; scalea very small, about 110
in a longitudinal series. Yertebrie 11 + 13; teeth
moderate, the outer series on lower .jaw enlarged.

GUAVINA, 803.
hh. Post-temporal bones very strongly divergent, their in-
sertions close together, the distance between them
about } the narrow interorbital space, and less than
} length of head; top of skull somewhat elevated
and declivous ; interorbital area somewhat convex
transversely ; lower pharyngeals rather broad, the
teeth bluntish; preopercle with partly concealed
■pine di rected downwards and forward at its angle ;
scales piod<)rate, 45 to 60 in a longitudinal aeries ;
vertebras (pisonU) 11-1-15; teeth small.

Elrotris, 804.

gg. Body very slender, elongate, the depth 8 to 9 times in length

to base of candal ; scales v>>ry small, cycloid.

i. Preopercle with a partly concealed antrorse hook at ita

angle; caudal with numerous accessory rays at

base. Albxuuus, 805.

?■«

14
I

■ i-.

iii

4t

m

U

S''1

if

2190 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

■m

It
j I

m

■ l;l

i ! . I

■;i!i!ii

a. Proopercle without spine ; caudal without nianj' acces-
sory rays at base; post-temporal bones short
strongly divergent, tlie distance between their
insertions about equal to tlie narrow intcrorbital
B])ace, or abont } length of head ; top of head with
a strong median keel, whicli is highest on the occi-
pital region ; no snpraoccipit-al crest ; mouth very
oblique ; the teeth small. Erotelis, 806.

««. Body naked on the anterior part ; head naked; lower jaw with 4 larger
recurved teeth. Gymneleotbis, 807.

eee. Bmly entirely naked. Chkiolepis, 808.

aa. Ventral fins united.

j. Dorsal flns separate, free from caudiil.

SiCYDIINJE :

A:. Ventral disk short, adnate to belly; body subcylindrical, covered with
ctenoid scales ; lips very thick ; upper teeth mostly small and movable,
lower fixed ; dorsal spines G.

I. Teeth simple; no canines in front of lower jaw. Sictdidh, 809.

{{. Teeth trifid (or bifid) ; no canines in front of lower jaw.

COTYLOPUS, 810.
GOBIINiE:

lek. Ventral disk free from the belly.

m. Dorsal spines 4 to 8 ; eyes well developed.

n. Teeth emarginate, uniserial, those of the lower jaw nearly hori-
zontal ; dorsal spines 6 ; scales large, ctenoid ; gill openings
moderate. Evohthodus, 811.

nn. Teeth simple.

0. Body scaly, more or less.

p. Maxillary normal, not prolonged behind the rictns;
skull of the usual gobioid form, comparatively
short and abruptly broadened behind the orbits ;
occiput depressed; sapraoccipital and temporal
ridges continuous.
q. Dorsal spines 6; scales evidently ntenoid; head
naked (the nape scaly as nsual.)
r. Interorbital area anteriorly elevated, with a
large foramen-like depression in front of
eye; body short, compressed, formed
much as in Dormitator ; nape with a .
fleshy crest; scales large. Vertebne

11 + 16. LOPHOGOBIUS, 812.

rr. Interorbital area not elevated in front; body
more elongate; no fleshy nuchal crest;
isthmus broad.
8. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without
fleshy cirri or papUltc; cranium
anteriorly short; interorbital space
narrower, grooved, with a low
median ridge or none ; median crest
on cranium low.
t. Body scaly anteriorly and poste-
riorly (sometimes a naked strip
on back or belly). Vertebrw
12 + 16 to 10 -t- 16. GOBlus, 813.
tt. Body entirely naked anteriorly,
theposterior half scaled; scales
moderate or small.

Garmanma, 814.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2191

M. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or
3 conspicuous dermul tlaps; pro-
orbital region very long; premax-
illary and maxillary strong ; inter-
orbital groove with a oonspicuons
median credt; scales rather small
(45 to 70.) AwAOua, 815.

qq. Dorsal spines 7 or 8 (very rarely 6, eapecially in
Eueyelogobiui.)
u. Scales large, ctenoid; shoulder girdle with-
out dermal flaps.
V. Sides of head scaled; soft dorsal and
aual rather short, of 11 to 14 rays
each; deep-water species.

BOLLHANNIA, 816.

vv. Sides of head naked ; soft dorsal and
anal short, of 10 to 12 rays each ;
shore species. Aboma, 817.

uu. Scales very small, cycloid or nearly so.

w. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without
fleshy processes; head naked;
body more or less compressed;
mouth very oblique ; teeth strong ;
interorbital groove with or with-
out a median ridge. Yertebrie
11 + 15 or 16; soft dorsal and aual
long, of IS to 17 rays each,
as. Body chiefly scaly, anteriorly as
well as posteriorly.

MiCROOOBIUS, 818.

XX. Body naked anteriorly, scaled

posteriorly. Zalypnus, 819.

WW, Inner edge of shoulder girdle with

2 or 3 dermal flaps, or processes,

as in Awaous.

y. Head naked, the interorbital

groove with the median

ridge high, not extending

forward to orbit; body

rather robust; soft dorsal

and anal short ; fresh- water

species.

Edctclogobius, 820.
yy. Head scaled like the body;
the interorbital groove
with the median ridge
little developed ; soft dor-
sal and anal long; body
elongate; marine species.
Lbpidooobius, 821 .
pp. Maxillary mnch produced backward, extending
beyond the gill opening in the adult; skull com-
paratively long, gradually (not abruptly) broad-
ened behind orbits ; median crest of cranium well
developed; scales small, cycloid; head naked,
occipital region narrowed forward ; supraorbital
and temporal crests not continuous.

i

ill

^!i!;l
f

m

I

it

liiii:

li i':

m
I !

m

2192 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

z. Occiput depressed, with a blnnt median keel,
a'. Bkuiildur girdle without dermal flaps ; dor-
sal spiiit;a6; soft dorsal and anal short;
mouth very large; istlinius broad ; Tor-
tebnc 14 + 10 {mirabilis).

GiLLirnTHTB, 822.
aa', Shoulder girdle with 1 to 3 Hiiiall dermal
tlupH on tlie iuiier ed;;ei dorsal spiiiea
5 ; soft dorsal and anal long.

QUIETCLA, 823.
zz. Occiput transversely rounded without median
keel.
b'. Shoulder girdle with 1 to 3 small dermal
flaps on itH inner edge; dorsal spines 5;
soft dorsal and nnal long. Ilypnus, 824.
lb'. Shoulder girdle without denoal flaps; dor-
sal spines 4 or 5 ; soft dorsal and anal
long. Clevelandia, 825.

00. Body and head entirely nake<l.

0'. Dorsal spines 4 ; body long and slender: mouth large,
tlie lower jaw projecting; no barbels; soft dorsal
and nnal long; male with ornate colors.

EVEKMANNU, 826.

CO'. Dorsal spines 7 (rarely 6).

d'. Chin witlio\it barbels; mouth small, little

oblique; body robust, soft dorsal and anal

short. GoBiosoMA, 827.

dd'. Chin with a fringe of short barbels; mouth

terminal, oblique; soft dorsal and anal

very short. Barbuufbb, 828.

CRTSTALLOOOBIINiE :

mm. Dorsal spines 2 (or 1) ; body wholly naked.

e'. Eyes reduced to small rudiments ; interorbital area forming a
sharp median range; skull rather abruptly widened behind
orbits; anterior portion of skull unusally long ; no flaps on
shoulder girdle; skull highest at nape, depressed above
the eyes; soft dorsal and anal short.

TYPHLOGOBIU8, 829.
GOBIOIDINA:

jj. Dorsal fin continnous, the soft part and the anal Joined to base of caudal ; eyes
minute; body elongate; scales minute or wanting; month very oblique, the
lower jaw projecting; gill openings moderate.
/. Dorsal rays YI, 16 to 23; anal rays 17 to 23.

g'. Teeth small, iu a single series ; scales present. TynttjISTBS, 830.

gg'. Teeth in a band, those of the outer series being very strong; scales

present.

A'. Body entirely scaled. Jobioides, 831.

hh'. Anterior part of body naked. Caybnnia, 832.

8oo. IOGLOS3US, Bean.
loglosstu, Beam, in Jordan St, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 297 {eclKurus).

Body elongate, strongly compressed, of equal depth throughout, cov-
ered with very small, mostly cycloid, scales. Head short, compressed, not
keeled above; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth in
narrow bands or single series, some of them canine; no teeth on vomer or
palatines; tongue very slender, sharp; opercles unarmed. Qill openings

!l

Jordan and Ever mann.— Fishes of North America. 2193

very wide, the inembranea narrowly Joined to isthniUB on median line. No
lateral line. BrancbiostegalM 5. Dorsals 8e])arate, tho i^rst of 6 very
Hlcuder,Jlexible spines; the second elongate, similar to the anal; caudal
long and pointed, free from dorsal and anal; veutrals close together,
separate, each of 1 spine and 4 rays, their insertion below or behind pec-
torals; anal i)apilla presont. A remarkable typo, belonging to the Oxyme-
toponlina', dirtering widely from our other frobioid iishes. Gulf of Mexico,
in rather deep water. (/"oS, arrow; yXd}dda, tongue.)

8515. lOGLOSKlIK CALLIIJRI;K, Hoan.

Head 5 ; depth 7 to 7*. D. VI-22 to 24 ; A. 1, 21 to 23. Body very elon-
gate, slender, much compressed, of equal depth throughout; head com-
pressed, without osseous crest; mouth very oblique, the lower jaw
strongly projecting; premaxillariea in front on the level with pupil;
maxillary extending to opposite frciit of ]mpil, its length 2| in head;
upper jaw with a narrow band of about 2 series of conical cardiform
teeth, those of the outer row miich larger than the others, behind these
2 small conical curved canines; lower jaw with a single row of smaller
teeth, behind which are about 4 short canines directed somewhat back-
ward ; the posterior pair strongly curved ; no teeth on Vomer or palatines.
Tongue narrow, pointed. Eye large, nearly twice length of snout, 3^^
in head, its diameter considerably more than depth of check, about |
Miore than interorbital width; opercles unarmed. Pseudobranchio) pres-
ent. Gill openings wide, extending forward below, the membranes
attached mesially to the very narrow isthnms, across which they do not
form a fold. Gill rakers long and slender. Dorsal fins separated by a
short interval, the first of very slender somewhat filamentous spines, the
longest about as long as head ; second dorsal little more than i as high
as first, apparently nearly uniform, separated from the caudal by an
interval nearly i length of head; caudal lanceolate, its middle rays
filamentous, about i the length of rest of body; anal rather high,
similar to soft dorsal ; ventrals I, 4, inserted very slightly in advance of
base of pectorals, the 2 fins very close together, but apparently quite sepa-
rate and without basal fold of skin, the fin little longer than head, the
inner rays filamentous; pectoral with broad base, about 1^ in head.
Anal papilla very short, midway between tip of snout and base of caudal.
Hody with very small, nonimbricato, embedded scales, these a little larger
and imbricate on the tail; cheeks with embedded cycloid scales; scales
very weakly ctenoid, most of them appearing cycloid; no lateral lino.
Color light olive, everywhere densely punctate ; dorsals ed/red with black;
middle of caudal reddish, with paler bluish edgings. Length 4^ inches.
Here described from specimens from off Pensacola. Gulf of Mexico ; known
only from the Snapper Banks oif Pensacola, in rather deep water. (xaAXo?,
beauty; ovpd, tail.)

loglotsut ealliunu (Bean MS.;, in Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 297, Pen-
sacola, Florida; Dean, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1882,419; Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis,
949, isai; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884,437; Jordan & Eigenmann, Proo. U. 8.
Nat. Mus. 1886, 481.

2194 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum,

'lit

f

801. PHILYPNUS/ Cuvier & Valeiicioiinos.

(GUAVINAS.)

%
Oobiomoruii,f Lac^p^.db, Hiiit. Nat. Poita., ii, 609, 1798, in part (dormitor, etc.) ; restricted to
dormitor by Jordan & Gilbert, Proo. U. S, Nat. Mus. 18^2, 671 ; restricted to Oobiomo-
rut taibc t, Lac^ip^do ( Valencionnes' strigata), by Gill, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 79, in
accordance with the law of exclusion.
Philypmu, CuviBR & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 255, 1837 (dormitator).
Lembus, GUnther, Cat. Fishes, i, 505, 1850 (maeulalus).

Body elongate, terete anteriorly, compressed behind. Hoad elongate,
distressed above. Mouth large; lower jaw considerably projecting; teeth
in jaw rather small, slender, rec irved, the outer scarcely enlarged; teeth
on vomer villiform, in a broad, crescent-shaped patch ; gill openings extend-
ing forward to below posterior anglo of mouth, the isthmus very narrow.
Scales moderate, ctenoid, covering most of the head, 55 to 66 in a longitudi-
nal series. Dorsal with 6 spines and 9 or 10 rays ; anal rays I, 9 or 10 ; ven-
trals separate. No preopercular spine; insertion of post- temporals almost
midway between occipital crest and edge of skull ; pariotals with a crest
running from insertion of post-temporal forward to just behind eye, where
they are connected by a thin, high, transverse crest ; supraocular with a
short, high crest, extending from above front of eye back to posterior edge
of orbit, thence extending outward parallel with the transverse crest, leav-
ing a deep groove between them ; bony projections before and behind eye
prominent. Vertebne 12 -|- 13 = 25; lower pharyngeals triangular, with
slender teeth. Largest of the Gobies, some of the species reaching a
length of 2 or 3 feet and valued as food. Tropical rivers. (^i\v7tvo<i,
slumber-loving; ^4z/lo?, loving; i^ttko?, sleep.)

a. Coloration rather obscare, the dark lateral band indistinct or wanting; scales 55

to 57. DORMITOB, 2516.

aa. Coloration bright, the black lateral band distinct; scales 52 to 55. LATERALIS, 2517.

1

ill

2610. PIIILYPNL8 DORMITOR (Lac6pMe).

(Sleeper; Guavina.)

! "4

' '.\

i ',11

Head 2^ to 2^%; depth 5 to 5f. D. VI-10; A. 1, 9; scales 55 to 57; eye
6^ to 7^ in head ; snout 3s ; maxillary 2|. Body elongate, terete anteri-
orly, compressed behind. Head elongate, depressed above. Mouth large;
maxillary reaching to middle of pupii. Lower jaw considerably project-
ing. Teeth on jaws slender, depreti.s'ole. Interspace between dorsals
slightly greater than interorbital wir' th ; dorsal spines slender, the second
the longest, 2^ in head ; length of base of anal about 2^ in head ; ventrals
reaching f of the distance to vent; tips of pectorals reaching ventral.

* liha Eleotrince have been made the subject of a special paper (A Review of the Ameri-
can Elootridina;, in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1885, 66-8U) by Eigenniann & Fordice. 'Dh'
Oobiidee of America have been diHcnssed in detail by Jordan &, Eigenmann (Proo. U. 8.
Nat. Mus. 1886, 477-518) and later by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser..
vol. 1. 1888, 51-78). In this paper are valuable notes on the specimens in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology.

t For the reasons In favor of the use of the name Gobiomorus for Valenciennea, Bleeker,
instead of using it for the present genus, see Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 69.

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2195

Dark brownish or olive, lighter below; an interrupted dark lateral band
extending from baao of pectoral to base of candal (not always present);
fins dusky, and with the exception of the anal and ventrals, all distinctly
mottled; spinous dorsal margined with blackish; head often with dark
spots. Streams of the West Indies and Atlantic shorcH of Central America,
Mexico, and Surinam; everywhere common, reaching a length of 2 feet
or more. Here described from Cuban specimens. {Aormiior, sleeper.)

Ouavina, Tahra, Dcscr. Dlf. Plo/.as Hlat. Nat. Cuba, tab, 39, fig. 1, 1787, Havana.

(hibiomorwi dormiior, LAcfepfcoE, Hint. Nat. Polgg., ii, 590, 1798, Martinique ; from a draw-
ing by Plumiek; Eioenmann & EiOENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 52.

I'latycephalus dormitator, Bloch, Iclith., 1801, Martinique ; after Lac^.i><>,DE.

natraehutgwavina, Bloch & Schneideu, Syst. Ichth., 44, 1801 ; based on Oiiavina of Parra.

MUotriM longieept, Gt).NTHER, Prou. Zool. Soo. Lond. 1804, 151, Nicaragua; OIWtheh, Fish.
Centr. Amor., 440, 1869.

KleetrU dorinitatrix, Cuvieb, Kdguo Animal, Ed. n, vol. 2, 246, 1829, Antilles; GCntiier,
Cat. Fish., in, 119, 1861.

aohiomorm dormitator, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Miis. 1882, 572.

Vhilypnus dormitator, Cuvier & Valenciknnes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 265, 1837 j Poey,
Mem.de Cuba, 11,381, I860; GiRARD,n. S.and Mexican Boundary Survey, Zool., 27, pi.
12, fig. 13, 1859; Jordan & Gilbert, Syuopaig, 631, 1883.

2517. PlIILTPNUS LATERALIS, GiU.
(Aboha de Mar.)

Head 2r^,; depth 5i. D. VI-10; A. I, 10; scales 52 to 55; eye 6 to 6i^
in head; snout 3^ to 3i; luaxiliary 2i to 2f. Brownish, lighter or white
below ; a distinct dark brown or blackish band extending from base of
pectoral to base of caudal ; dorsals, pectoral and caudal dusky ; yen-
trals and anal lighter; dorsals, caudal, and in some specimens the anal,
distinctly blotched. The only constant diflterence between this species
and Fhili/pnns dormitor seems to be the brighter coloration of lateralis.
Streams of Pacific Coast of Mexico and Central America, from Sonora to
Panama, entering the sea; common, reaching a much larger size than
any other of our Gobies. Here described from specimens from Rio Pre-
sidio, Mazatlan. {lateralis, pertaining to the side.)

Philypnua lateralii. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 123, Cape San Lucas (Coll.

Xantus) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 377.
Eleotris lateralis, Gunther, Cat., hi, 122, 1861.

802. DORMITATOR, Gill.

(PuSi'ECAS.)

Prochilut, CuviKR, K^gne Animal, Ed. 1, vol. ii, 294, 1817 (maerolepidotM,=maeulatu»);

name preoccupied.
Dormitator, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 240 (gundlachi).

Body short, robust ; head broad and Hat above ; month little oblique ;
maxillary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little project-
ing; no teeth on vomer; lower pharyngeal teeth stiff and blunt, the bones
with an external series broad, flexible, lamelliform, these being rudi-
mentary.gill filaments; scales large, ctenoid, 30 to 33 in a longitudinal

iVi

2196 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

series; skull mnch as in Eleotria; D. VII-I, 8; A. I, 9 or 10; no spine on
preopercle ; post-temporals inserted midway betwc^en occipital crest and
edge of skull; supraoccipital crest low. {dormitator, one who sleeps.)

' •l!if

ill,

ml

¥

251H. DORMITATOR MACULATII8 (lUoch).

(GUAVINA MAPO; PaSECA.)

Head 3jt; depth about 3 in adult. D. VII-I, 8 or 9; A. 1, 9 or 10; lateral
line 33. Body short, robust; head broad and flat above; eye small, less
than snout; caudal a little shorter than head; mouth little oblique ; max-
illary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting;
no toeth on vomer; interspace between dorsaln equaling orbit; highest
anal ray If in head ; highest dorsal ray 1^ in head ; skull much as in
Elcotria, but everywhere broader; no spine on preopercle; post- temporal
inserted midway between occipital crest <ind edge of skuli ; supraoccipital
crest low; scales large, becoming much smaller on belly, 25 series on
median 1 ne from base of ventrals to vent; 18 series across breast from
pectoral to pectoral ; 18 on a median line from posterior border of orbit to
dorsal. Dark brown, with lighter bluish spots; a faint dark stripe along
sides; a conspicuous large dark blue spot edged with black above base of
pectorals; a dark streak from eye to angle of mouth ; 2 dark streaks on
side of head; branchiostegal membrane blackish; dorsals barred with
spots; anal dusky, barred with bluish, and with white margin; a dark
bar on base of pectoral. Length 1 to 2 feet. Both coasts of America,
ranging from South Carolina through the West Indies to Parrt, Cape San
Lucas, and Panama, in fresh or brackish water; everywhere abundant
and used as food. Dr. Eigenmann observes :

There aeem to bo 2 forms of the .adult— one with the profile i^bbous, the dorsal out-
line forming a regular curve; the other having the profile depressed over the eyes, the
(Ulterior portion being subhnrizontal. The specimens from Gurupa and the Bio Grande
have the profile de])rcssed ; all the other specimens h.ave a gibbons profile. A comparison
in detail of the two forms is api>ended. Only extreme differences are given.

I!

Itio Grande specimens 5, CJ, and 7i inches.

Profile depressed over eye, becoming hori-
zontal anteriorly.

Head 3; depth 3 to 3}; depth usually less
than length of heod.

Highest anal ray 1} to 2 in head.

Distance from first dorsal spine to snont
equals distance from first dorsal spine to
base of last anal ray.

Scales in median series 30 to 34.

Coh)r gray, a Jet-black spot above base of
])ectoral ; a black bar at base of ])ectoral ; a
black line from eye to mouth ; longitudinal
bl.fck lines ou cheeks and operclcs; dark
spots on back ; some silvery scales on sides.

Among our specimens from Mazatlan are 3 markedly difl'orent forms
which seem like distinct speeies. In view of the great variations to which
this s])ecios is subject wo do not, however, regard them as such, especially
as noiie of the three corresponds exactly to the account above given of the
2 Atlantic forms.

West Indian specimens 5 to 7J inches.

Profile regularly curved from first dorsal
spine to snont.

Head 3} to 4 ; depth 3 to 3^ ; depth always
greater than length of head.

Highest anal ray IJ t« Ig in head.

Distance from first dorsal s])ine to snont
greater than distance from first dorsal spine
to first anal ray.

S<;ales in median series 29 to 32.

Color usually dark brown, 'i black spot
above base of pectoral, a short bar on base
of pectoral.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2197

I. Dkkp-hodiki) .Specimens {Dcrmitaior ladfrons, KicLardson).

Head 3 ; depth 3. D. VII-1, 8 ; A. 1, 8 or 9 ; scales 30 to 33 ; eye 4f to 5J
in head ; snout 3i to 3k in head ; interorbital width 2} in head ; ventrals
reachinj? | the distance to vent, 1^ to 1* in liead ; highest anal ray 1| to 2
in head. Uody short, robust, the luick elevated; head broad an«l flat
above, the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout oblique,
descendinji; abruptly; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin
of orbit; lower jaw little projecting. Color greenish, lighter beb)w;
bodv with cross bars of dark brown; fins dusky, the dorsals di8tin«'*ly
blotched with darker; a dark ci-oss bar at base of pectorals; a dark-blue
humeral blotch, becoming blackish in spirits; 3 or 4 dark cross bands
extending from eye and below eye to i)osterior margin of preopercle; a
•lark band extending from below eye to bel(»w tip of maxillary. Two
specimens from Kio Presidio, Mazatlan.

II. C\>MM<)N FOKM, AT MaZATI.AN.

Head S,". ; depth 3% to 3f . D. VII-I, 7 ; A. I, 8 : sc^ales .33 or .34 ; eye 4i to
4i! in head; snout 3^^ to 4 in head; interorbital width 3 to 3|, in head;
ventrals reaching about J^ the dis*^ ^uce to vent, 1^ in head; highest anal
ray Iji to 2 in head. Body short, compressed, the back little elevated;
head rather broad and slightly convex above, the anterior profile from
first tlorsal spine to tip of snout slightly convex; mouth oblique, maxil-
lary reaching anterior margin of orbit ; lower jaw little projecting. Color
olive brown, with cross bars of darker brown, lighter below; fins dusky,
the dorsals with about 3 darker cross bars; pectorals with a darker cross
bar at base; a distinct dark-brown humeral spot slightly larger than eye;
3 or 4 dark croas ban<l8 extending Irom eye and below eye to posterior mar-
gin of preopercle ; a distinct dark-brown bar extending from below eye
to below tip of maxillary; a dark lateral band extending from base of
pectoral to base of caudal. Many specimens from Mazatlan.

III. Lauub-hradeu Foum.

Head 3,V ; depth 3i. 1). VI-I, 8; A. 1, 9; scales 32 or 33; eye 4Jt in head;
snout 3i in hea«"i; interor1)ital width 2J in liea<l; ventrals reaching ^ the
distance to vent, 1^ in head; highest anal ray 2 in head. Body niod-
«irat«'ly compressed, the back little elevated; h«iad very broad above,
convex ; the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout obli(|ue,
gently descending; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin
of orbkt; lower jaw little projecting. Color brownish, uiiddle of back
darker, lighter below; body with darker cross bands: ventrals yellow-
ish; other fina dusky; dorsals with darker blotches; a dark crossbar at
base of pectoral; a dark humeral spot; four cross bauds extending
from «\ye and below eye to posterior margin of preopercle ; a dark band
extending from below eye to below top of maxillary; a dark lateral
band extending froui base of pectoral to base of caud.-il. One speciin«>'t
from near Ma/atlau. (maculatua, spotted.)

"H

2198 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Ill

Sdi^na maeulata, Bloch, Ichth., pi. 209, flg. 2, 1790, West Indies.

Eleotrit mugUoidet, Cuvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poias., xii, 226, 1837, Martinique;
Surinam.

Ekotrisnma* Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 232, 1837, Vera Cruz.

Eleotris lati/rong, Richardson, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 57, pL 35, figs. 4 and 5, 1837, locality
uuknowu, supposed to be from Pacific coast, Central America.

r Eleotrit grandisquama,\ Cuvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 229, 1837, Amer-
ica ; locality unknown.

Eleotrit somnolentus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philn. 1858, 169, near mouth of Rio
Grande.

Eleotris omocyanetis, Poky, Memorias, ii, 269, 1800, Havana.

Dormitator microphthalmws, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbilu. 1863, 170, Panama. (Coll.
Capt. John M. Dow.)

Dormitator gundlaehi, PoEy, Synopsis, 396, 1868, Cuba.

Dormitator lineatm, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 271, Savannah.

Dormitator maeulatug, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 632, 1883 ; Jordan & Eioenmann, I.
c, 482; EiGBNMANN & EiOENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d series, vol. 1, 1888, 52.

803. GUAVINA, Bleeker.

Hi

m
m

Guavina, Bleeker, Esquisse d'un Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 302, 1874 (guavina).

This genus is allied to Eleotris, differing in having the post-temporal
bones little divergent, not inserted close together, the distance between
their insertions greater than the moderate interorbital space, or 3^ in
length of head; top of skull little gibbous; lower pharyngeals narrows r
than in Eleotris; preopercle without spine; scales very small, ctenoid,
about 110 in a Itmgitiidinal scries. Vertebra' 11 + 13; teeth nioderat*',
the '.liter series on lower jaw enlarged. Fresh waters of the West Indies
and Brazil. Two species known; Guavina brasiliensis (Sauvage) from
Bahia, and the following, {(iuaviva, the Spanish name.)

2519. (JIJAVINA «1;AVINA (Cuvier & VaJencionnos).

(Guaiu'haco; Guavina.)

i 1^1

W:

I II' ill'

iiiii.i:

Head 3^ ; depth 4i to 5^. D. VI, or VII-1. 10 ; A. 1, 9 or 10. Body stoutish,
oblong; mouth oblique; maxillary reaching opposite middle of eye, it.s
length 2^^ to 3^ in head. Lower jaw little projecting ; teeth in broad bauds,
the outer ones on lower jaw enlarged. Scales on head embedded ; those
on body very small, ctenoid on sides, cycloid on back and belly, 100 to 110
in a longitudinal series. Isthmus very broad. Pectorals reaching to mid-
dle of spinous dorsal. Highest anal ray 1^ in head. I'ost-temporals inserted
twice as far from occipital crest as in Eleotris pisonis. Purietals ending

* Types. 2 specimens in poor order, from Vera Cruz, O.Ofl ram. long. Snout a little nioi(^
steep and convex than UHunI in Dormitator maeiilatvfi. Head 3^ in length ; depth SJ. E.vc
4^ in head. I) VII, 9; A.tl; scales 31-11. Soft dursnl very hi^h, with round black Hpoj.'-.
Caudal and aiiiil plain. This seems to be inse))iiiubl<^ from I>onnitator maculatus.

t We have the followinji note on the type of Eleotris grnndia<ivama: Type specimen in
fair condition, 0.14 mm. long, from "Anierique Mcridionnle?" Head slenderer than in I),
marulatus, and much depressed, its depth at the eves less than its widtli, which is less
than that of body. Anterior profile almost concave, (-cudal fin large; other tins moil-
erate. Dorsal VI, 9; anal 1,9; scales about 29-11. A few dusky spots on dorsal and an ill.
According to Dr. Kigennuinn, specinuuis of Dormitator maculatus from the Kio Graudo
agree faiily witU tliia type, uud il is uut likely tliut it is Uill'eruut.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2199

lue;

dity
T»er-
■ Rio

(Coll.
INN, I.

iporal
tween

3^ iu
rrovff 1"
tonoiiV
ieriiti',

Iiiclios
») from

■v,-,i

coiitisb,

jeye, its

bands,

thosf

bo to no

to niirt-

lnsort«Ml

ending

kttle nioic
1 31. K.vi'
|»ck»P"'^ '■"J

I>cimen in
llian iu I>.
Ich is lei*^
IfinB UK"'
Inndannl.
lo Orau<lt'

in a sharp point behind. Preopercular spine none, a broad, thin exten-
sion on the lower limb of preopercle taking its place. Lower pharyngeals
triangular, normal, rather narrow; the teeth small. Vomer without teeth.
Length 1 foot. East coast of tropical America, Cuba to Rio Janeiro, in
fresh aud brackish waters; very common, {(fuavina, Spanish name.)

Eleotrii guavina, Cuvibr &. YalEiN ciennes, Hiat. Kat. Poiss., xii, 223, 1837, Martinique.
Guavina guavina, Jobuan & Eiqenuann, {. c, 483.

804. ELEOTRIS (Gronow) Bloch &, Schneider.

Eleotrii, Gronow, Zooph., 83, 1763 (nonbinoniial).

Eleotrit, Block & Schneider, Syst- Ichth., 65, 1801 {piaonis).

CtUius, Bleekkr, Eaquiase d'un Syst. Nat. des Gobioid., 303, 1874 (/uscus).

Body long aud low, compressed behind. Head long, low, flattened
above, without spines or crests, almost everywhere scaly. Mouth large,
oblique, lower jaw projecting. Lo^-er pharyngeals rather broad, the
tooth small,* bluntish. Preopercle with a small concealed spine below,
its tip hooked forward. Branchiostegals unarmed. Eyes small, high,
anterior; isthmus broad. Post-temporal bones very strongly divergent,
tlieir ir.sertioHB close together, the distance between them about f the
narrow interorbital space, and less than | length of head ; top of skull
somewhat elevated and declivous ; interorbital area slightly convex trans-
versely ; dorsal lins we^i apart, the first of 6 or 7 flexible spines ; ventrals
separate. Scales moderate, ctenoid, 4.5 to 62 in a longitudinal series ; ver-
tebr.'o (pisonis) 11-|-15. Tropical saas, entering fresh waters, (///ledj,
bewildered.)

a. Toeth aubeqnal, those of inner or outer aeriea enlarged.
h. Cheek entirely scaled.

c. Teeth of inner aeries of each Jaw enlarged.

d. Scales in a median aeries 40 to 51, in a cross series 12 to 20.
e. Eye large, 5 to 6 in head ; scaloa 40 to 44—12 to 14.

AMBLYOPSIS, 2520.

ee. Eye small, 8 in head; scales 51-20. auacurus, 2521.

dd. Scales in a median aeries 57 to G6; in a cross series 18 to 24.

nsoNis, 2522.

hh. Lower half of cheek naked; scales 01. peknkjgr, 2523.

an . Teeth all eciual ; .scales CO. Pictuh, 2524.

2,iS»0. RLKOTRIM AMIILYOPKIS (Cope).

IJ1 * ;; depth 4J. D.VI-9; A.I,8; scales 46 (10 to 44-12 to U accord-
iu,^ t' .j» nmann); eye 5i in head, 2 iu interorbital width; preoper-
cular spu 0 strong, docurved; width of head jj in its length; chin
prominent; premaxillary spines forming a projection in profile. Brown,
11 blank spot above at baHo of pectoral ; first dorsal and anal dusky ; sec-
ond dors.al and caudal delicately cross-barred with blackish; 3 black
lines from orbit behind and below. Surinam. Described from 3 specimens
each 3 inches long. (Copt.) Dr. Eigenmann mentions 15 other examples,

* The characters of the skeleton are taken from Eleotrii pitonis aud have not been ver>
iflp'l on otlior sf pries. The hooked preopercular spine Huppoited to characterize C'«lfM«ia
luui.d ou the typical species otHlevtria, as well us in Alexurut.

A.

2200 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

the longest 2^ inches long, from Surinam, in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. {dufiXvs, blunt; 0^/5, face.)

Eleotris amblyoptU, Cope, Trans. Anier. Fhiloa. Soc. 1870, 473, Surinam (Coll. Dr. Clinrles

UerUlg) ; JOKDAN &. ElUENMANN, (. C, 483, 1886 ; ElQENMANN &. ElOENMANN, I. C, 55.

li'!'

m

ml'

ii

2521. KLEOTBIS ABACUBU8, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 3; depth 4^. D.VI-9; A. 1, 8; scales 51-20; eye 8 in head, 'ii J"
iuterorbital width ; pectoral H; ventral li; highest dorsal ray 2; highest
anal ray 2; caudal 1^^. Body slender, compressed, the head de]>resBed,
becoming very narrow anteriorly, its width ^ its length ; a notable depres-
sion above orbits, the preniaxillary processes protruding before it; lower
jaw the longer; maxillary reaching vertical behind ptipil, 23 in head.
Teeth in jaws in narrow villiform bands, becoming a single series on
sides of lower jaw, those of the outer and inner series in each jaw some-
what enlarged, the largest being a single series in sides of lower jaw.
Preopercular F>pine as usual in the genus. Scales smooth above and
below, ctenoid on sides. Color in spirits, brown, lighter above and below ;
each scale on middle of sides with a dusky streak, these forming obscure
lengthwise lines ; back a^nteriorly with a few small black spots ; under
parts, including sides o+' Uoad, very thiekly punctulate with black; no
dark stripes from orbit; lips black; a dark streak from snout through
eye to upper angle of preopercle ; 2 dusky streaks from eye downward
and backward across cheek ; a very conspicuous black blotch as large as
eye in front of upper pectoral rays ; pectorals and ventrals transparent,
dusky; v^^tical fins all barred with light and dark in fine pattern.
Coast of South Carolina. Known from a single specimen, 4 inches long,
taken in the harbor of Charleston. This species agrees very well with
Cope's account of Culiua amblijopsis, but the scales are larger, the eye is
smaller, and there is some ditference in color, besides the remote habitat.
((X^aHoi, checker; ovpd, tail.)

Gulius amblyopida, Jordan & Oii.bepv, Troc. U, S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 610 ; not of Cope.
Eleotrit abaeurus, Jordan & Gilbe',(T, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 228, Charleston. (Coll. Dr.
C. H. Gilbert. Type, No. 2009, 1 . S. Jr. Univ. Mus.)

'i'}22. KLEUTKIN P180MS (Gnielin).

(GUAV!NA TfcTAHD; SLEEPER.)

Head 3 to 3^^ in body ; depth 4jt to 5. D. VI-9 ; A. I, 8 ; scales 62 ; eye 5^
to 8 in head; maxillary 2;^ ; pectoral H; ventral 2; caudal li. Body not
much compressed; head somewhat depressed; month rather large, tlie
maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; lower jaw much
]>rojecting, a knob at symphysis; wid«i bands of villiform teeth in jaws,
none on v«)mer or palatines; iuterorbital region nearly twice as wide ab
the horizontal diameter of eye; top of head, cheeks, and operclcs covered
with small scales; a stout, concealed spine projecting downward on edge
of preopercle. Origin of dorsal ab<;ut midway between t\\) of snout and
end of last dorsal rays; tips of first dorsal spines not reaching front of

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2201

second dorsal when fin ia depressed; origin of anal a little behind, that
of soft dorsal; pectorals reaching to posterior spine of first dorsal; ven-
trals insi^rted, very slightly behind base of pectorals ; caudal peduncle as
wide as length of maxillary. Color brownish ; tins Avith dark spots and
wavy lines; ventrals dusky; 2 dark stripes behind the orbit. Here
described from specimens, C or 7 inches long, collected lu me Rio Almen-
dares Cuba, by Dr. Jordan. Streams of the West Indies, generally com-
mon from southern Florida to Rio Janeiro. Dr. Eigenmann enumerates
many specimens from various localities in Brazil. (Named for Dr. William
Piso of the University of Leyden, associate of George Marcgraf and.
Prince Maurice of Nassau, in 1648, in the study of the natural history of
Brazil.)

Amore pixuma, MARcaBAVB & Piso, Hist. Brasil., iv, 166, 1648, Brazil.

Eleotria capite plagioplateo, Gkonow, Mub. Ichth., n, 168, 1757 ; after Marcobave.

Gobiut pisonu, GMELiN, Syst. Nat., 1206, 1788; based on Eleotria of Gronow.

Oobius amona, Walbadm, Artedi Piscium, in, 205, 1792; based on Eleotrit of Gbonow.

Eleotria gyrinus, Cdviek <fe Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 220, pi. 356, 1837,

Martinique; San Domingo; Surinam.
Ekotri* (Otiliut) belizianus* Sauvaqe, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1879 (1880), 55, Belize

(Coll. Morelet), Cayenne (Coll. M^^linon) ; Eiokxmann & Fordicb, Proc. Ac. Nat, Sci.

Pliila. 1886, 75; Eioenmann & Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 55.
Eleotrit piaoni», JOBDAN & ElQENMANN, I. C, 483 ; EiaENMANN & ElOINMANN, {. c, 55.

2523. ELEOTBIS PEBMGEB (Cope).

Head 4^; depth 4f. D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 9; scales 61; eye 3 in interorbital
width ; no vomerine teeth. A strong spine at posterior angle of preoper-
culum, directed downward. Pn^maxillary Hpines not prominent in pro-
file; scaling of vertex extending to their extremities. Longitudinal
diameter of orbit fr lengtl^ of head. Color black, abdomen brown, fins
dusky ; first dorsal with white extremity and 2 longitudinal black bars,
1 along the base ; other fins with small black bars ; [no] maxillary or caudal
spot or ocellus. Length 5 inches. West Indies, south to Rio Janeiro.
(Cope. ) A Hpeeimen in our collection from Jamaica. It is close to E. piaonia,
but the cheeks are not fully scaled, {perniger, very black.)

CiilUig perniger, Cope, Trans. A iu. Pliilos. Soc. 1870, 473, St. Martins. (ColL Dr. K. E. van

Ki,jgersma.)
Eleotri$ perniger, Eioenmann & Eioenmann, I. c, 55.

2524. ELEOTBIS PICTU8, Ejicr & Steindacbnor.

(GnAVWA.)

Head 3 to 3^; depth 6. D. VI-I, 7 or 8; A. I, 7 or 8; lateral line 60; 24
scales in an oblique series from front of soft dorsal downward and back-

* BJeotri* MizirtJUW is described as follows : Head 4 in total : depths. D.VI-I.O; A. 1,8;
scales 60; I'j'e 5 in head. Preoperclo with a spine turncl downward: 16 rows of scales
l)otween sott dorsal and anal; scales of top of liead a I'ctle smaller than those of l)ody,
extending forward nearly to front of eves ; cheeks scaly ; scales c.iliate. Interoculnr space
tiattened, J broader than eve; snout <te))resso<l a little longer than eye; lower .jaw pronii-
niMit; outer teeth enlarged: maxillary reaching front of eye. Dorsals coutignons. Color
brownish, faint dark streaks on the tins. Belize; Cayenne. (Sauvage.) Length 100 mm.
Evidently not ditl'eroat I'rum Ml, pitiontt,
3030 Gi

\m^

w^ i

2202 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ward to anal ; about 20 in a vertical series. Body elongate, depressed
anteriorly; head especially very broad and flat; mouth large, broad, very
oblique, the umxillary reaching nearly or quite to opposite posterior mar-
gin of eye, its length 2\ to 2f in head; lower jaw considerably projecting.
Teeth in jaws all equal, in broad bands, the outer not at all enlarged.
Eye small, anterior, its length in adult 2 in interorbit<al width, which
width is about 3 in head; a conspicuous knob at upper anterior and
posterior angles of orl)it; preopercular spine well developed, strong, com-
pressed, directed downward and forward. Scales on head very small,
mostly cycloid, covering cheeks and opercles and upper part of head to
the eyes ; scales on body smaller and smoother than in most other species,
those on belly nnich smaller than thost* on sides; scales on back and belly
cycloid, only those on sides distinctly ctenoid. Pectoral fins moderate,
reaching to near end of base of first dorsal, If in head ; ventrals inserted
just behind axil, reaching halfway to vent, about 2 in head. Interspace
between dorsals abont equal to diameter of eye. Soft dorsal and
anal short and high, very similar, coterminous; last ray of anal a little
longer than | length of head ; caudal pednncle long, a little shorter than
.head. Caudal fin rounded, IJ in head. Color* dark, dull olivaceous
brown, paler below ; younger individuals mottled below with bluish and
speckled with dark brown; sides without longitudinal stripes; fins dusky,
all of them tiuely mottled and speckled with darker, the dark markings
on dorsal and anal forming undulated longitudinal stripes; on pectorals
and ventrals forming dark bars. Distinguished from related species by
the larger mouth with small, equal teeth, and the small, smoothish scales.
Length abont 18 inches. Streams of the Pacific Coast, from Sonora, south
to Panama; abundant in Rio Presidio, atMa/atlan, where the types of E,
aqiiidevs were taken ; not rare about Panama, {pictus, painted.)

Eleotris pictut, Kneb & Steindachner, Abh. Ah. WisB. Wien 1864, 18, pi. 3, f. 1, Rio

Bayano, near Panama; depth 6 to 7 in total length; scales 60.
CulivK ceijuidens, Joudan & Gilbert, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mu8. 1881, 461, Rio Presidio, near

Mazatlan. (Types, Nos. 28208 and 29240. Coll. Gilbert.)
Eleotdt cequidens Jordan & Eioenmann, I. c, 483.

805. ALEXURUS, Jordan.

w4

P\i^

Alexurux, Jordan, Proc.Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895,512 (armiger).

Body (elongate, covered with small cycloid scales; preopercle with a
small, concealed, hooked spine at its angle, as in Eleotris; caudal fin
broad, its base with many procurrent rays. In other respects siuiila.' to
Ehotris. One species known; marine. (d\e'^Go, to defend; ovpd, tail,
from the caudal fulcra.)

* A young example shows the following details of coloration in life: Blackish every-
where, sides with f^iint whitish streaks, along rows of scales a bro>id, blackish latcrnl
band occupying whole of side, back and belly pnler, traces of faint dark cross bands:
caiidiil black, with n pale margin and sonic dark cross shades; pectorals, dorsals, and
ventrals more or less uarred with black; preopercular spine well developed; a whitish
bar at base of caudal with a darker one before it.

Jordan and Evermami. — Fishes of North America. 2203

1, Rio
>, near

2686. ALEXUBUS ABHIGEB, Jordan & Richardson.

Head 4|; depth 8. D. VI-13; A. 11; V. I, 5; scales about 102-30; eye 8
in head- maxillary 2f ; mandible 2^; snout 5|; interorbital 4^; pectoral
li • caudal equals head ; ventral 2 ; last dorsal ray If. Body long and low,
compressed posteriorly, depressed iu front. Head flattish and broad
above, the cheeks moderately tumid. Eyes small, high up, separated by
ii broad flattish, iuterorbital space; snout short; mouth moderate, very
oblique, the maxillary cea»i,ng below the center of pupil; lower jaw very
heavy oblique, projecting Tteyond upper, its outline horseshoe-shaped,
obtuse in front. Teeth in rather broad bands, the outer enlarged below,
but scarcely so above ; none of them canine-like. Top of head with very
small scales; cheeks and opercles with rudimentary scales above; pre-
opercle with a concealed antrorse hook below, as in Eleotris; scales on
body very small, perfectly smooth, partially embedded ; scales on nape
and throat minute. Gill membranes extending a little forward below, so
that the branchiostegals s*^:i free from the isthmus. Insertion of dorsal
twice as far from middle of base of caudal as from Mp of snout ; the fin
hjw its slender rays slightly filamentous; soft dorsal low, its last ray
lii'^hest; anal similar, beginning under second dorsal ray; caudal long,
bluntly pointed behind, with strongly procurrent base above and below,
the base above ^ length of head, formed of 14 short rays, that below a
little shorter, of 12 rays, this procurrent portion forming an angle with
the caudal proper whore it joins it; pectorals and ventrals short, the ven-
trals inserted under pectorals. Color olive green, dusky above, paler
below, but everywhere covered with fine black dots; both dorsals with
the membranes pale, the rays each barred with black; caudal niesially
blackish, all the rays barred or checkered in fine pattern; pectoral and
anal pale, similarly speckled, base of pectoral dusky; ventral finely
sjieckled. La Paz, Lower California; 1 specimen, (>^ inches Ion taken
by Mr. James A. Richardson. {armUjer, bearing arms, from the concealed
spine.)

Alexuiut armiger, Jordan & Richardson, Proc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1895. 611, pL 48, La Paz.
(Type in L. S. Jr. Univ. Mas. Coll. James A. Rickurdson.)

■■ \

rith a

lal tin
lla.' to
'i, tail,

every-
latcinl
bands .
Is. ninl
whitisli

8o6. EROTELIS, Poey.

(ESMERALDAS DE MaR.)

Erotelit, PoEY, Memorias, ii, 273, 1861 {valeneiennetnz=amaragdu8).

Body very slender, elongate, covered with minute cycloid scales. Ven-
trals separate, the rays I, .5. No teeth on vomer. Lower pharyngeals
Hiilttriaiigular, the teeth stiff, villiform, none of them lamelliform. Post-
tcinporal bones short, strongly divergent, the distance between their
iiisfrtions about equal to the narrow interorbital space; top of head witii
a Mtrong median keel, highest on the occipital region; no supraoccipital
crest; no preopercular spine. Mouth very obliqtic. One species known ;
strictly marine. (Name an anagram of Eleotris.)

ii-fii

I'lnnwiiM

2204 Bulletin ^.y, United States National Museum.

2526. EBOTELIS HMABAGDUS (Cnvier & Yalenciennes).

(E8HERAI.DA NEOBA; ESMERALDA DE MAB.)

Head 4 J to 5i; depth 8 to 12. D. VI-I, 10; A. I, 9; V. I, 5; scales 100.
I3ody very long and sleudi^r, compressed behind, the form much us in
Gohiiia oceantena. Head depressed, flattish above, the eyes mostly supe-
rior, not \ the width of tho intcrorbital area, which has a knob near its
middk^ Mouth very oblique, the lower jaw much projecting, the maxil-
lary about reachiu<r front of eyes; teeth rather small, in bands. Fins
rather high ; dorsal spines slender, lower than tho highest soft rays, which
are 1^ in head; caudal lanceolate, \ longer than head; ventrals mod-
erate, 2 in head. Scales very small, cycloid. Color very dark green, almost
black; the tins mostly bluish, the dorsal with brown lines; some dark
markings about eye and on base of pectoral above. Length 8 inches.
Coral shores among green algat; known from Key West and Cuba; not
common ; not entering rivers. Here described from Key West specimens.
{duapaySoz, emerald.)

FAeotri* smaragdus, Cuvibr & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 231, 18S7, Cuba; Jor-
dan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 143.
Erotelis valenciennesi, Posy, Memorias, u, 273, 1861, Cuba.
ErotelU imaragdut, Jobdan & Eiqenmann, {. e., 484.

;■ IP

iiii

807. GYMNELEOTRIS, Bleaker.

Oymneleotrit, Blebkeb, Esquisse d'on Syst. Nat. des Gobioid., 304, 1874 (seminuda).

Body scaled only posteriorly, the anterior half and the head naked. Ven-
trals separate, 1, 5. Vomer without teeth. Isthmus broad; skull without
crests. Lower jaw with 4 large recurved teeth. Otherwise essentially as
in Eleotris, the preoperclc probably without spine, (yvjuvd?, naked;
I^leotria.)

8527. GTMNELEOTBIS SEMINUDUS (Gunther).

Head 3^. D. VII-11; A. 9. Head depressed, broader than high, tlat
above. Snout rather obtuse, longer than eye, lower jaw somewhat promi-
nent; cleft of mouth extending to below anterior margin of orbit. Teeth
in upper jaw in a narrow band, the lower having 4 somewhat larger and
recurved teeth in front, appearing to forma single series; palate tooth-
less. None of the tin rays prolonged; pectoral not quite extending to
origin of second dorsal; ventral much shorter than pectoral, its inner ray
the longest, the others gradually decreasing in length outward; caudal
fin rounded. Head and trunk naked; tail covered with small scales.
Brown, with numerous wcll-detined white cross stripes on head as well hh
on body; vertical tins black. Panama. (Giinther) ; known from the typo
only, a young example, IJ inches long; not seen by us. (aeminudua, half-
naked.)

Eleotris teminuda, GUnther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 24, pi. 4, flgs. 2, 2a, Panama;

(IfNTHEH, Fish. Centr. Amor., 441,1869.
GymneUotna genu ,uda, Jordan &, Eioenmann, I. c, 484.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2205

808. CHRIOLEPIS, Gilbert.
Chriolepii, Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mns. 1891, 557 [minutillu*).

Tliis genus differs from Gpmneleotria, Bleeker, in the total absence of
scales, and the absenco of enlarged canines in the front of the mandible.
Hciid and body compressed, the former as deep as wide. Ventrals scpa-
I ato near together, the inner rays longest, each with 1 8])ine and 5 soft
ravs. Teeth in a rather wide band in upper jaw, the outer series some-
what enlarged. Teeth in mandible in a single scries, similar to outer row
ill upper jaw, none of them canine-like. Gill slits narrow; no dermal iiaps
ou inner edge of shoulder girdle. Size small, (xpeia, want ; Xeitii, scale.)

2528. CHRIOLEPIS MINUTILLVS, Gilbert.

TIead 3i; depth 4| in length. D. VII-12; A. 11. Mouth oblique, the
maxillary reaching to below middle of orbit, 2^ in head ; eyes high up,
hut with lateral range, separated by a narrow interorbital space less than
diameter of pupil; diameter of orbit nearly twice length of snout, 3^ in
liL'ad; dorsal spines high and slender, but not filamentous, the longest^
length of head; soft dorsal rays higher, nearly f length of head; the anal
lower; caudal short, broadly rounded, the depth of peduncle J length of
litad; length of pectoral equaling that of head without snout. Color
uiiiforni light brown on head and body, above and below; fins dusky, the
Mual blackish. A single specimen, 1 inch long, from Albatross Station
2X2."), off the east coast of Lower California, {minutillus, very small.)

Chriolepi* minutillus, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 1891, 558, Albatross Station 3825,
Gulf of California, in 79 fathoms.

809. SICYDIUM, Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Sicydinm, Cuvier & Valenciknnks, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 168, 1837 (plumieri).

Hody subcylindrical, covered with rather small ctenoid scales; head
oblong and broad, with cleft of mouth nearly horizontal; upper jaw
]»roniiiicnt; snont obtusely rounded; lips very thick, the lower with a
series of numerous slender horizontal teeth, of which sometimes only the
extremities are visible; upper jaw with a single nniform series of numer-
ous movable small teeth attached by ligament to edge of maxillary;
beliind this outer visible series lie nnmerons other parallel series of young
teeth hidden in the gum, which succeed the former as they become worn
out or broken; lower jaw with a series of widely set conical teeth; teeth
all simple, slender, the distal half bent inward nearly at a right angle ; eyes
of moderate size; 2 dorsal fins, the anterior with 6 (5 or 7) flexible spines ;
ciiudal quite free; ventrals united into a short cup-shaped disk; gill
openings of moderate width; 4 branchiostegals. Species few in the
streams of the West Indies. (6ihvSiov, diminutive of diKva, a gourd, or
gourd-shaped cupping glass, fri,m the ventral disk.)

a. Body covered with small scales.

b. Scales ver>' small, about, 84.

bb. Scales moderate, about 68.
aa. Body nearly naked.

^:.i

n r'

PLUMiEni. 2529.

ANTILLAUl'M, L'.'iJO.
VIMCEMTE, 2531.

220G

Bulletin 4.7, United States National Afnseum.

2520. SICl'DIUX PLUMIEBI (Blocli).

Ir

miH-

m

r ':l!i

n

I

!;i!i

(SiBAJO.)

Head 4 to 4if ; doptli 4i; eyo 6 to 7 in head, 2 to 3 in intcrorbital width.
D. VI-I, 10; A. 1, 10; scales 84. Teeth in upper jaw long, Blender, bent
inward at right angles, only the lips protruding from the gums. Front
teeth of lower Jaw not larger than those behind; a single row of incon-
spicuouH pajulhe on the gnni beneath the upjierlip, a large median pjiqiilla
above the maxillary suture ; a median cleft in the upper lip. PoctoralH
longer than head ; third, fourth, and fiftli dorsal spines produced into long
ribbons, the fourth, which is the longest, being 2 to 3 times height of
body. Ifody usually covered with small scales, reduced in si/.o on neck
and belly ; frequently almost nai<ed, the scales present only on posterior part
of body. Caudal deeply emarginate. Color olive or violet l)rown, with
about 7 more or less distinct dark vertical bars ; a dark bar at base of
pectoral; dorsal with irregular dark markings; anal fin with a dark
marginal band, sometimes edged with white; an H-shaped figure on base
of caudal fin, and a black bar on its posterior half. Fresh waters of the
West Indies. (Named for Pere Charles Plumier, who discovered the species
at Martinique.)

Oobin.1 plumieri, nLOcn, Ichth., 125, pi. 178, fig. 3, 1786, Martinique; on a drawing by

PLUjffER.

Sieydium idragut, Poey, Meraorlni'. n, 278, 1861, Santiago de Cuba.

Sicydium plumierii, Ci'viEK & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poisa., xii, 168, 1837; GiLL,Proc.

Ac. Nat. Sci.l'hila. 1860, 101; GOnthek, Cat., in, 92, 1861; Ooilvie-Grant, Proc. Zool.

Soc. Lond. 1884, 156, pi. 11, iig. 1 ; Jordan & Eiqenmann, I. c, 484 ; Eiobnmamn & Eioen

MANN, I. c, 56.

2530. SICYDIUM AMILLABUM, Ogilvie-Grant.

Head 4i^; depth 6; width of head J length. D. VI-I, 10; A. 1, 10; scales
68. Teeth in upper jaw long, slender, and bent inward over the gum at
right angles. A row of small lamelliform transverse papilhe on the gum
beneath upper lip, with a larger median lamelliform papilla above maxil-
lary suture; a slight median cleft in upper lip; maxilliu at right angles
to one another; horizontal teeth conspicuous. Scales on body and tail
subequal and larger than those on neck and belly. Maxilla not extendiii jj;
to vertical from posterior margin of eye, the diameter of which is con-
tained 6^ times in length of head and twice in iuterorbital space. Length
of pectoral greater than that of head. The third, fourth, and fifth dorsal
spines produced into long narrow ribands; the fourth, which is longest,
nearly 3 times height of body; second dorsal considerably higher th.ni
body. Color uniform violet brown; dorsal fins with irregular wavy daik
markings; anal with a blar' and white marginal band; caudal with ii
dark band on upper margin. One specimen, ii inches long, from Barba-
dos (Ogilvie-Grant) ; not seen by us. (antiUarum of the Antilles.)

Sieydium antiUarum, Ogilvib-Gbant, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 167, Barbados.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2207

8r>:n. KICYDIUN VINOKNTK, Jordan & Evemiann, now apecios.

Another specieH of Sicf/diiim or of some related geuus is thus mentioned
by I>i'. EigMiiiiiaun: " Mr. Samuel Garuiau collected several hundred speci-
niuns of this spt'cics at KingHton, St. Vincent. Most of these speciiiieiis
iire less than an inch in length, the longest Ij^ inches; they diU'er consid-
erably in coloration from the adult; most are entirely naked, a few of
tliose examined having scales only on the posterior part of the body.
Caudal deeply emarginate. There are traces of about 7 dark vertical
bars ; a black bar at base of pectoral ; dorsals with several series of black
spots; an H-shaped figure on base of caudal, a black bar on the jiosterior
half of caudal fin; belly and lower part of body plain; everywhere else
with black points. The specimens collected by Mr. Garman may be the
types of a new species. No large specimens were collected at the Island
of St. Vincent. Specimens 1^ inches in length from Hayti have the lins
plain and a series of blotches along the middle of the posterior part of
the body; the body, except the belly, is entirely covered with scales which
arc plainly ctenoid." (Eigenmann.) (Named for St. Vincent.)

,-iUuicUum vincente, Jokdan & Evebmann, Check-List Fishes, 456, 1806, St. Vincent Island;
naiue only.

8io. COTYLOPUS, Guichenot.

Cotylopus, Guichenot, in Maillard, Notes stir 1' Islo de la R6anion, ii. Addendum 9, 1364

{actUipinnis).
SIciia, Jordan & Everuann, Check-List Fishes, 456, 1896 (gymnogaster).

This geuus is closely allied to Sicydium, agreeing closely with the latter
in external characters and in the absence of larger teeth in front of lower
ja\v; it differs chiefly in the form of the upper teeth which are curved,
tricuspid, and trident-nhaped, the middle cusp either permanent {Cotylo-
piiH) or else worn away leaving the tooth apparently bicuspid {Sicya).
(woruA?/ cup; Ttovg, foot.)

Sicya (o-ikuo, a gourd, or gonrd-shaped cap) :
a. Teeth in upper jaw curved, tricuspid, trident-shaped, the lateral lobes long, the
middle short and suspended between the outer lobes, and soon wearing away
leaving the tooth apparently bicuspid.
b. Neck and belly naked ; a double or triple row of small papillae on the gum be-
neath the upper lip. oykinooaster, 2532.
bb. Neck and belly covered with small scales; gum beneath the upper lip smooth.

SALVINI, 2533.
Subgenus SICYA, Jordan &. Evermann.

2632. COTYLOPUS GYMNOGASTEl^. (Ogilvie-Grant).

Head 4^ to 5; depth oi to 6. D. VI-I, 10; A. I, 10; scales 60 to 64;
eye 6 in head, twice in interorbital space. Teeth in the upper jaw tri-
cuspitl, the middle cusp, which is situated at the anterior end of tooth, is
very soft and soon becomes worn away. A double or treble row of small
papillie on the gum beneath the upper lip, without a larger median
papilla; upper lip with a very slight median notch; maxillae containing
au angle of about 75" ; horizontal teeth more or less inconspicuous. Scales
strongly ctenoid ; neck and belly naked. Length of pectoral greater than

y

Hi

I

'r^***

l!

2208

Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

■ ,'')

! «;i 1 1!

Mi

iiilfiiilH

Am

W-:

that of ]iea(l. Second, third, and fourth dornnl B]>ine8 produced into iila-
meuts; ihe third, which is the longest, twice height of body ; second dor-
sal higlior than body. Color violet brown, yellowish in young specimens,
shaded with indistinct transverse bands of darker; irregular brown spots
on axis of pectoral, and a broad dark band from base of pectoral to root
of caudal, both more or less indistinct in adult specimens; fins violet,
clouded with darker. Length 4J inches. Streams about Ma/atlan
(Ogilvie-Grant) ; not seen by us. {yvuvoi, naked; yadry'fp, belly.)

Sicydium gymnogaster, Ooilvie-Guant, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 158, pi. 11, fig. 2, aud pi.

12,flg.6, Mazatlan.
Sicyopterus gymnogaster, Jordan &. Eiobnmann, I. c, 485.

2688. COTYLOPUS SALVINI (Ogilvio-Grant) .

Head 4|; depth 6 J. D. VI-9 or 10; A. I, 10; scales 78; eye 5^ in head,
twice in interorbital space. Teeth in upper jaw tricuspid; the middle
cusp, which is situated at anterior end of tooth, very soft and soon becomes
worn away. Gum beneath upper lip smooth ; a median papillose tubercle
above maxillary suture ; upper lip with a small median notch ; maxillu;
containing an angle of about 75° ; horizontal teeth conspicuous. Scales
ctenoid, those on neck aud belly smaller than those on body and tail.
Length of pectoral rather greater than that of head. Second and third
dorsal spines subequal and produced into short filaments, 1^ times height
of body; second dorsal not so high as body. Color olive brown; anal yel-
low, with a black and white band along margin; membrane of second
dorsal clear, spotted with brown ; caudal with a dark and yellow band
round the extremity. Length 4 J inches. Streams near I'aiiama ; 1 speci-
men known. (Ogilvie-Grant.) (Named for Osbert Salvin, who collected
largely in Central America for the British Museum.)

Sicydium salvini, Ogilvie-Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1884, 159, pi. 12, fig. 2, Panama.
Sicyoptertis salvini, Jordan & Eioenmann, I. c, 485.

8ii. EVORTHODUS, GilL
Evorthodxu, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1859, 195 (hrevieeps).

Body elongate, covered with ctenoid scales of moderate size. Head
thick, short, naked. Isthmus moderate. Teeth in a single series, with
the crown amarginate, those of the lower jaw horizontal; no canines.
First dors/d of 6 spines; ventral fins united, not adherent to the belly,
otherwise as in Gohius, so far as known, (ev, well; opOo^, straight;
odovi, tooth.)

2684. EVORTHODUS BREVICEPS, Gill.

Head 4i, about as deep as wide ; depth 4^. D. VI-1, 10; A. 1, 11 ; eye .S.
Teeth emarginate, uniserial, those of lower jaw nearly horizontal. Snout
blunt, profile evenly decurved ; caudal rounded, 3 in length of body ; somo
of the dorsal rays filamentous. Color light brown, with irregular black-
ish blotches along sides; 2 black spots at base of caudal fin, 1 above tho
other, alternating with 1 more anterior on the peduncle; first dorsnl

^ordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2209

with 2 bandH parallel with its upper margin; second dorsal with 3 nar-
row longitudinal bands. (Gill.) Fresh waters of Trinidad and Surinam ;
not seen by us. (ftr«* i«, short; -ccj)*, hoad.)

rroilliodnn brcvit-fp8, GlLL, Proc.Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1859, 106, Trinidad ; JORDAN 3c ElQFN-
.MANN, I- c, 486.

8i2. LOPHOGOBIUS, Gill.

(Ckestkd Gohiks.)

Lophofiobitu, Gu.h, Proc. Ac. Fat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 240 {eriHtagalli=eyprinoide$).

] )orsal si)ine8 6 ; scales evidently ctenoid. Body short, compressed, form
iiinch as in Dormilatof, nape with fleshy crest; scales Lirge. Vertebrui
114-15. Interorbitiil area of cranium anterioilv elevated, with ii large
foianieu-like depression in front of eye. One species, differing couaider-
nbly in form from the other Gobies. The study of Jts skeleton shows no
distinction of much importance unless the peculiar fora^i of its interorbital
area bo regarded as such. (/Io0os, crest; Cobius.)

2535. LOPIIOCJOBIUS CYPRINOIDES (Pallas).

Tload 3? ; depth 3» ; greatest width 5^ to &J. D. VI or VII-10 or 11 ; A.
9 or 10 ; scales 20 to 30 ; vertebra} 11 + 15 ; eye 3 J to 4. Body short and deep,
little compressed, formed much as in Cyprinodon; head naked, a prominent
naked dermal crest extending from above middle of eye to near front of
H])iiion8 dorsal; interorbital width slightly less than diameter of eye;
|ii()lilc convex; snout short, bluntish, about as long as ye; mouth very
oltiique, the gape slightly curved; front of upper lip on level of lower
border of eye; lower jaw somewhat projecting; teeth in both jaws in
bauds, the outer 8« ries erect and somewhat enlarged, those of the inner
Beries Kmall; scales large, reduced on breast and nape; a few scales on
upper part of opercle; median line before dorsal naked; dorsal spines
produced in short tilaments; last rays of soft dorsal reaching caudal;
caudal rounded; pectorals lanceolate, reaching beyond insertion of anal,
the upper rays not silk-like; skull very broad and short, with low,
median crest, highest behind ; double crests of temporal region joining
at the upper posterior angles of the eyes and forming a bridge over the
interorbital area, the crests ending abruptly above the anterior part of
the orbit, forming a decided angle, the bridged interorbital leaving a
laific foramen in front of this angle. Color blackish green in life; spinous
dorsal black ; soft dorsal, ventrals, and anal dark, plain ; pectorals lightish,
plain; caudal finely mottled. Length 2 inches. West Indies, north to
•soiithoru Florida; generally common in the streams and brackish waters
of Cuba and other islands. Recently taken by Dr. Evermann in brackish
water at Biscayuo Bay, Florida. {HVJtpivoi, carp; eido?, resemblance.)

Oohiu.i eyprinoides, PALLAS, Splcilegia, Zool., vm, 17, pi. 1, flg. 5, 1770, Amboina ; CuviaB &
Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., xii, 129, 1837 ; GCnther, Cat. Fish., ni, 8, 1861.

Clohhis crintagalli, VALENCIENNES, in GnviER &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 130,
W37, Havana ; Guichenot, in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 128, pi. 3, flg. 3, 1850.

Lophdiidhiu.s cyprinoides, PoEY, Repertorio, I, 335, 1867; POEY, Synopsis, 393, 1868; PoET,
KiiniiuTatio, 125, 1876; JoKDAN & Eioknmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 487; £VBB-
:\iann & Kendall, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897, 131, plate 9, flg. 13.

^HWi : l

rii

'^MMM

2210 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

813. GOBIUS (Artedi) LinnsBUS.
(GoniES.)

Qohiua, Abtedi, Genora, 28, 1738 (Oobius ex nigricante variui, 6tc., = n<5f«r).

GobiuD, LiNN^us, SyBt. Nat., Ed. x, 262, 1758 (nigtr, etc.), and of authors generally.

Oobionellut, GiRAHD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 1 68 (hastalus = oceanictis).

CttnogoHui, Gill, Fish. Trinidad, 374, IS.W (fasdatut).

Euetenoijobius, Gill, Annals Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 1859, 45 (badiiu).

Smaragdu», Poey, Meraorias, ii, 279. 1861 (smaragdus).

f PomatotehUtvn, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 2C3, footnote (minutu$),

Coryphopterux, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263 (glaucofrcBnum).

f DeltentoHeus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2863, 263, footnote (quadrimaculatus).

lOobiichthyx, Klunzinger, Fisch. Rothen Meereh, 179, 1871 (peterni).

fMetogobiut, Blebker, Esqui-sse d'un Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 317, 1874 (guavina).

{ Stenogobius, Bi.eeker, {. c, 317 (gymnopomut).

fOligplepig, Bleeker, I. c, 318 (melanostigma).

f Onatholepie, Bleeker, I.e., 318 (anjerensit).

fCallogobius, Bleeker, 2. c, 318 (hatselti).

?nypogymnogobius, Bleeker, I. c, 31C (xanthozona).

f Hemigobiun, Bleeker, I. c, 318 (melanurus).

fCephalogobiM, Bleeker, I.e., 320 {tubliiu*).

? Aeentrogobivtt, Bleeker, I. c, 321 (chlorottigma).

?}'orogobitu, Bleeker, I. c, 321 {.ichlegeli).

? Amblygobius, Bleeker, I. c, 322 (tphinx).

ZonogobiuM, Bleeker, {. c, 323 (semifasciatui).

Wdontogobiu*, Bleeker, 2. c, 323 (bynoensit).

f Stigmatogobiut, Bleeker, {. c, 323 (pleurostigma).

? Oxyurichthys, Bleeker, I. c, 324 (belosio).

I/ythrypnus, JORDAN & EvERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 458, 1896 (daXlii).

Body oblong or elongate, compressed behind. Head oblong, more or
less depressed. Ilyes high, anterior, close together; opercles unarmed.
Mouth moderate. Teeth on jaws only, conical, in several series, those in
the outer row enlarged; no canines. Isthmus broad. Shoulder girdle
•without lleshy flaps or papilhe. Skull depressed, abruptly widened
behind the eyes and without distinct median keel. Scales moderate,
tenoid, permanently covering the body; cheeks usually naked; belly
generally scaly. Dorsal with 6 rather weak spines ; pectorals well devel-
oped, the upper rays sometimes very slender and silky; ventrals com-
pletely united, not adnate to the belly ; caudal fin usually obtuse. Species
very numerous. The genus Gobiua, as here un('f -.tood, comprises a very
large number of species more or less closely related to the European typ*;
of the genus, Gobiua niger, and its American relative, Gobiua aoporator. An
examination of skulls or skeletons of numerous European and American
species shows a remarkable uniformity in most respects. The general
form and structure of the cranium is the s<ame i.i all, the only differences
being very minor ones in the height of certain crests. Gobiua oceanicun
seems the most aberrant, but seems to be inseparable genorically on
account of intermediate forms. Probably several of the many genera
indicated by Ble.>ker will prove valid, but only a thorough study of akele-
tons can establish them. It is not unlikely that Clr ogobiua, to wliidi
group most of our species belong, may be separable from Gobiua. (xooftioc ;
Latin, Oobiua or Gobio, a name applie«l to the gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and

Cten(

v.->":■^■^''■;^^•^'^^^"■

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2211

to Other small fishes; allied to Cobitia, chub, etc. According to Aposto-
lides nooPioi and yoofiioi are common names in modern Greek for all
species of the genua GoUus. Aristotle Kvofito?, 610ft, 4, 598a 11 16, 5086
16, 5696 23, 6216 13 19, 5676 11, 5916 13, 6016 22, 8356 14. The Hco/3i6i has
luany pyloric appendages above the stomach, spawns near the land on the
rocks, the bunches of eggs are flat and crumbling; it feeds on mud, sea-
weed, sea moss, etc. ; lives near the laud, gets fat in the rivers, and is
found in schools. The white xoafiio^, found in the Euripus of Lesbos,
never leaves that lagoon for the open sea as the other fishes found there
do. Latin Gohio and Cobio, Plin. Gobim, Ovid., Hal. 12, 8. Martial 13,
88. Horace A. Hoffman.)

GoBius :
a. Upper rays of pectoral fln silk-like; 1. e., short and very slender and flexible, free for
nearly their whole length.
h, I.»ly robust, compressed poi>*8riorIy; depth 41 to 5^ in length; head broad, low,
rounded in profile, its length Sj^g to 3} in body; eye 4 to 5 in head; mouth
large, little oblique; lips thick; teeth in both jaws in bands, the outer
series enlarged ; those on lower jaw subequal ; scales large, strongly ctenoid,
smaller on nape and belly ; dorsal spines short, none filamentous. Color oliva-
ceous, light or dark, varying from sand color to greenish black, every-
where mottled and marbled with dark and paler; a faint dusky spot behind
eye. B. VI-9or 10; A. 1,7 to 9. Scales 36 to 41. sopobatob, 2536.

CTENOOOBITTS (KTtis, comb; Gobius):
an Upper rays of i>ectoral normal, not silk-like, similar to the others.
c. Scales large, 25 to 33.

d. Color in life olivaceous, more or less spotted, never red.

e. Dorsal soft rays 12 to 14; vertex and nape with a slight median fold

cf skin.

/. Body c'>mpressed, its depth 5 in length ; head 3^ to 3J; eye 3 to

34 in head; vertex and nape with a slight median fold of

skin ; maxillary reaching about to front of pupil ; lower Jaw

very slightly protluced; teeth in bands, the outer slightly

enlarged. Olivaceous; spinous dorsal black at tip; second

dorsal finely checkered in adult. D. VI-14; A. 1, 11. Scales

25 or 26-10. NICHOLSII, 2537.

ff. Body long, not muob compressed; head 3}; eye 3 in head; no

median fold on vertex and nape; a dark spot on first dorsal.

EIOENMANM. 2538.

M. Dorsal soft rays 10 to 12 ; no median fold of skin on vertex and nape.
g. Caudal with 2 spots at its base; jaws unequal, the lower
slightly produced; body robust, compressed behind, the
depth 5 in total lengtli ; head 4J ; eye longer than snout, 3|
in head ; nia.Killarv reacliing pupil ; teeth in a band, the outer
enlarged and distant, tlie inner enlarged and bent back-
ward. Brownish ; a faint blue spot on each scale; six spots
along middle of back ; similar spots on scapular region and
middle of sides ; 2 spots on base of caudal ; a dark siKit above
oporcle; blue dots on head; a straight blue line cross.ug
cheek above and continued on opcrcle ; dorsals faintly spot-
ted. D.VI-10; A. 10. Scales 25-7. ((Jill.)

GI.AUCOFIUENUM, 2539.

gg. Caudal plain or with but a single spot at its base.

h. Dorsal spines low, tlie highest little longer than head.
i. Region from naiM to dorsal entirely scaled.

j. Fores on preopercle not very conspicaouai no
canine teeth.

i i

i'

'f^^'^^^Kili

2212 Bulletin ^7, United States Natiojial Museum.

MP, ii'

Sliilr

ii: ',:

X. Body very slender, compressed, the depth 5}
in length ; caudal much longer than head ;
mouth rather large, the lower jaw pro-
jecting; teeth unequal, rather strong;
yellowish, much spotted with darker.
D.VI-12; A. 12. Scales 35.

MANOLtCOLA, 2540.

kk. Body subfusiiorm, little compressed; depth
4^ in length; head blunt, 4 in length,
rounded in profile ; eye equal to snout, 4
in head. Mouth small, horizontal, the
lower jaw included ; maxillary 3 in head,
reaching to below eye. Teeth small, in
bands in both jaws, tho outer enlarged,
those of the upper jaw very slender.
Scales large, ctenoid, those of nape and
belly little reduced. Longest dorsal
spine shorter than head. Caudal scarce-
ly pointed, about as long as head. Color
wbitish gray, middle of sides with 4 or
5 dark blotches, from each of which a
narrow dark bar extends downward
and forward; n large black blotch above
pectorals, ob8olet« in female; a small
black spot at base of caudal; a dark
mark below eye; vertical fins barred.
D. VI-12 ; A. 11 or 12. Scales 33.

STIGMATDKrS, 2541.

jj. Pores on preopercle very conspicuous ; lower jaw
with small canies. D. Vl-1, 9 ; A. 1, 9.

QUADRIPORUS, 2542.

ii. Region between nape and dorsal with a narrow naked
median strip. Body modenitely elongate, sub-
fusiform, the depth 5} in length. Head large, not
BO blunt as in Q. boleo$oina, its length 3| to 3$ in
length; anterior profile gently decurved; snout
SJ to 3) in head; eye 4; mouth large, slightly ob-
lique ; maxillary entending to front of pupil, 2^ iu
bead. Teeth small, slender and curved, in moder-
ate bands. Scales moilerate, ctenoid, those in
front much reduced in size ; breast naked. Long-
est dorsal spine 1} in head. Caudal as long as head,
somewhat pointed. Olivaceous, mottled with
gray ; about 5 rounded dark blotches along middle
of 4idcs, the last forming a spot at base of caudal ;
nudarkspjt on side of nape ; some dark marks
on head; vertical fins barred. D. VI-12; A. 13.
Scales 33 to 35. SHUFELDTi, 2543.

Hi, Region between nape and dorsal entirely naked.

I. Highest rays of second dorsal little more than
i head, nono of them reaching base of caudal,
m. Profile much decurved, skull rounded be-
hind, without distinct median ridge;
mouth horizontal. Body elongate,
deepest below ftont of dorsal, tapering
regularly backward, tho greatest depth
6| in length. Uead short, blunt, pro-

.•":-'M'.^,?ri !.r*?^' /■J'T,-'"

}

'feS

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2213

file anteriorly abruptly decurved,
cheeic aomewhat swollen. Length of
bead 3} in body. Snout about equal
eye, 3} in head. Mouth horizontal,
maxillary reaching to below pupil (in
male) ; lower jaw included. Teeth in
each jaw in a band, the outer row of
the upper jaw large, recurved. Scales
large, ctenoid, somewhat reduced an-
teriorly. Nape, breast, and belly na-
ked. Dorsal spines about f of head.
Caudal pointed, 2| to 3J in body. Color
olivaceous, with numerous dark re-
ticulations on the back; 5 black
spots along the sides, the last forming
a spot on base of caudal, sometimes
with V-Bhaped dark bars extending
from them to dorsal; breast and
sides of belly witli numerous dark
specks iu male ; a dark line between
eyes; a dark line from eye to middle
of premaxillary, some dark spots be-
low eye, sometimes foi-ming bars,
sometimes a stripe; a large oblique
spot above pectorals, continued on
opercle ; a black spot at base of pecto-
ral; dorsals and caudal barred, anal
uniform dusky, ventrals and pectorals
black in male, white in female. D.
YI-ll ; A. 10 to 12. Scales 25 to 30.

BOLEOSOHA, 2544.

mm. Profile moderately decurved ; eye longer
than snout, 3 J in head. Color yellow-
ish, oblong dark blotches on middle
of sides; dorsal and caudal barred.
Head 4 ; depth 6. D. VI-12 ; A. 10.

FA8CIATU61, 2545.

II. Highest rays of second dorsal as long as head,
the last reaching hn -ci of caudal. Body
elongate, the back not arclied ; deptli 6 in
length ; head 4, not compressed, the cheeks
tumid. Profile abruptly decurved, the
snout 3J in head. Mouth large, nearly
horizontal, the maxillary reaching poste-
rior edge of eye in males, middle of eye in
females. Teeth in narrow bands in each
jaw, the outer somewhat enlarged, the
outer iu some (males?) much enlarged
above and recurved, the enlarged teeth
fixed, the others movable. Scales large,
ctenoid, reduced anteriorly; belly naked.
DorsAl spines little filamentous, the long-
est about equal to liead; caudal 2^ to Sin
body. Males dark olive, witli 4 oblong
dark blotelies along middle of sides ; a dark
caudal spot ; a black blotch larger than eye
on each side of shoulder; dorsal spotted;

^

2214 Bulletin ^.y, United States National Museum,

riH'i

caudal reddish above, dusky below; fe-
males with 5 obloDg dark blutchen on sides,
the last on base of caadal ; from each of the
middle blotches a V-shaped bar runs to the
back; a black shoulder blotch; a dark bar
from eye to mouth; ventrals pale, with 2
dark streaks. D. yi-ll;A. 12. Scales 30
(27 to 33) at least in males.

ENC^OMUS, 2546.

Kh, Dorsal spines high, the highest reaching past middle of
second dorsal. Nape scaly. Body elongate, moder-
ately compressed.
n. Depth 5 to 6 in length. Profile little decunred,
skull ilattish behind, much broader than in
Oobius boleosoma, with au evident median ridge;
mouth very oblique, much larger than in 0.
boleotoma; lower jaw thin and flat. Back
slightly arched. Body a little deeper and rather
less compressed than in G. encoeomus, the depth
5 to 6 in length. Head 4. Anterior profile mod-
erately decurved. Eye 3§ in head. Moutli
large, oblique; maxillary reaching to below
pupil in both sexes. Teeth above uniserial,
some of them enlarged and recurved; lower
teeth in a narrow band ; males sometimes with
the hindermoHt of the outer series a strong,
exserted, recurved canine ; belly naked. Long-
est dorsal spine f head in females, elevated in
males; soft dorsal elevated in males; caudal 3 J
in body. Color light greenish; .tides of male
with 5 or 6 narrow, straight, rather sliarply
defined whitish or yellowish cross bars, regularly
placed; 4 dark bars, 3 below eye and 1 on
opercle; a small dark spot behind and above
operclo; vortical fins barred; female witli a
row of irregular dark spots connected by a
dusky streak, and with the palo cross bars obso-
lete. D. VI-12; A. 13. Scales 27.

8TIOMATICC8, 2547.

nn. Depth 4| in length ; the profile very obtuse anteri-
orly; moutli nearly horizontal, the maxillnry
extending beyond pupil, 2? in head. Teeth
strong, uniserial, 4 shortish canines in lower
jaw behind the other teeth ; upper teeth largest.
Some of tlio dorsal spines filamentous, reaching
(in male) past middle of second dorsal ; caudal 4
longer than head; scales large, ctenoid, thosit
on nape and bellj* much reduced in size. Dark
olive, witli 4 or 5 irregular, confluent, blackisii
cross bands, besides irregular, dark blotches ;
head marked with darker; fins mostly dusky:
caudal dark blue with 2 red longitudinal stripes.
D. VI-11; A.IC. Scales 27. LVRICUS, 2548.

nnn. Depth 4 in length; month nearly horizontal; teeth
short and thick, uniserial; yellowish, mudi
mottled and blotched. D. VI-11; A. 11. Scales
80. QABMANI, 2540.

Jordan and Evetmann. — Fishes of North America. 2215

ee.

dd. Color in life, cherry red, with many blnish cross bars; body stout ; depth
41 in length. D. YI-11 ; A. 9. Scales large. zebra, 2550.

Scales moderate or small, 40 to 90.
0. Soft dorsal and anal short, each of 10 to 14 rays ; body more or less elongate.

EOCTENOUOBIUS (eu, well; KTei's, COmb ; Oobiun):

p. Gandal rounded, not much longer than head.

q. Scales 40; dorsal with 9 soft rays only; anal with S; depth 6} in
total length; head broad, iiattish; suout short decurvud;
eye 4^ in head, 1^ in interorbital area, longer than snout;
maxillary extending to below middle of eye. Some of the
dorsal spines produced in filaments, the third 1} times depth
of body; caudal short, rounded. Two ruws of ill-deflned
blotches on upper half of body ; 2 rows of brownish spots
on second dorsal, the tipper strongly marked

POEYt, 2551,
qq. Scales 60 ; dorsal and anal with 10 soft rays each ; proflle very
oblique. Color dark brown. BADICS, 2552.

GOBIONSLLCB* (diminutive of Gobiui):
pp. Caudal lanceolate, much longer than head ; lower jaw thin ; usually
a green spot on roof of mouth in life.
r. Body rather deep, the depth about 5 in length.

t. Teeth minute, seen with a lens only. Dorsal spines fila-
meutous ; scales much reduced below. D. YI-13 ; A. 14.
Scales 62. microdon, 2553.

ts. Teeth well developed.

t. Scales rather large, 39 to 42 ; body moderately elon-
gate, comproi^sed; de])th 5^; head 4. Head not
comi)res8ed, the cheeks tumid, the snout short,
abruptly decurved ; mouth large, little oblique,
the jaws equal, the maxillary 2^ in head, reaching
to below pnpil; eye 5 in head ; teeth above large,
unequal, uniserial, some of them fixed, those be-
low small, in a band. Scales anteriorly cycloid,
becoming larger posteriorly, and ctenoid ; dorsal
spines scarcely filamentous, none of them as high
as body; caudal 2J in body. Light olive, with
dark olive blotches ; body and head with many
conspicuous round spots of cream color, each
surrounded by a dusky ring, these most distinct
on the heac. all smaller than pupil; snout with
dusky streaks; dorsals and caudal sharply
barred ; anal and ventruls dusky (iu male) ; a small
round spot at base of caudal. D. YI-11 ; A. 11.

8MARAUDU8, 2554.

U. Scales comparatively small (53). Body elongate,
compressed behind; head a little compressed,
3} in length; de]>th 5; eye 3J in head, shorter
than the rounded snout; maxillary reaching
to below middle of eye; teeth small, the outer
a little enlarged ; dorsal spines all shorter than
head, not filamentous. Nape scaly, its scales
much reduced in size; scales ctenoid. Two violet
stripes from eye to mouth ; 8 or 9 violet bars on
sides; 3 or 4 bars on caudal; second dorsal
spotted. D. VI-12 ; A. 11 or 12.

aTRIGATCS, 2555.
rr. Body elongate, the depth 6^ to 0 in length ; head 4^ ; teeth well
developed ; caudal very long.

* Gi'bionellus is probably generically distin(rt from (tobinn and Ctenogobiun, but at pres-
uut wo do not know howto limit it, and therefore we are unable to define it.

•U

M

t ] {

h

2216 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

u. Scales 55 to 60; eye longer than snout, 4 in head; mouth

slightly oblique, the jaws equal, the maxillary not

reaching center of eye; teeth in a narrow band, the

outer much enlarged and separated from the others by

a narrow interspace. Second dorsal spine not equal to

depth of body. Caudal 3) in body. Scales on nape

and axil very small, those on posterior part of body

much larger. Liglit olive green; a series of brown

spots along middle of tail; sides of head with dusky

blotches, vertical fins dotted with black. D. VI-13 ;

A. 14. Scales 58-20. saqittula, 2556.

v,v,. Scales very small (60 to 00) ; caudal more than twice as

long as head in adult. Body compressed, extremely

elongate, the depth 6 to 9 in length; head higher

than wide, short, compressed, 4^ to 5 in length ; niout h

wide, oblique ; maxillary in adult reaching to below

posterior border of eye. Lower jaw very thin and

flat; teeth in both jaws small, subequal, those in thr

upper jaw in a single series, those of the lower in a

narrow band ; outer teeth somewhat movable. Scale.s

anteriorly small, cycloid, embedded, those behind

larger and ctenoid ; a few scales on upper anterior

corner of opercle; dorsal fins high, some of the spines

filamentous, longer than head. Caudal very Ion;;

filamentous, 2 to 2§in body. Lightolive; fins dusky

in male; a round, black spot on side, a little largor

than eye, below 8])inous dorsal ; first dorsal spinu

with 2 or 3 black spots; a small dusky spot at basr

of caudal ; emerald spot on tongue conspicuous, fad

ing in spirits. D. VI-14 ; A. 14 or 15.

V. Head 5} to 6 in length; scales 60 to 70; patch «r

scales on opercle obsolete. hastatds, 2557.

vv. Head 7 to 8 in length; scales about 90 ; patch oT

scales on opercle well developed.

ocEANicrs, 255s,
LYTHnYPNTJS (Audpoc, gore; iin-fos, slumberor; a red sleeper) :

00. Soft dorsal and anal very long ; D. VI-17 ; A. 14. Body short, compressed ;

mouth very oblique ; Jaws with di.stant canine-like teeth. Coral red,

with bluish crossbands and markings. Scales 40. dallii, 255,).

Subgenus GOBIUS.
2530. OOBIUS SOPOIUTOB,* Cuvicr & Valenciennes.

(SlKEPEH; MAPO; CaIMAN.)

Head 3^1^ to 3^^; tloptU 4,^ to 51^; eye 4 to 5. 1). VI-I, 9 or 10; A. I, 7 to
9; Hcalea 35 to 41 — 13 to 15. Vert. 11 + 16. Body robtist, compressed pos-

na

*The specimens examined are from Panama, Bar)>ado8, Par.i, Itapuana, Cuba, (lain-
ag04, Sambara, Bahia, Orange Key, Baliamas, Pernambiico, St. Thomas, Tortiigas, Floiida
Leys, Martiniciue, Sao Mntheas, Curuca, Iviode Janeiro, Rio Dooe. "The color varia-
tions among examples of this species are very great, specimen !4 from one locality varviii);
fromi>lain sand color, or gray, to greenish black; some dark brown H|>ecimens fiave li^ht
bars across tlie back; in otliers the scales have light centers forming horizontal series
of light lines; sometimes tliere are light spots on sides of head and cheek; some speci-
mens are conspicuously marbled witli light and dark brown, and white spots occur in (lie
centers of some of the scales on specimens of any ground color, these wnite spots bein;,'
brighter on some of the scales than on the others, forming interrupted longituilinal lines.
If any value could be placed upon the coloration, almost every specimen would l)e a
distinct species. The color variation is irrespective of locality, some localities having all
the above-desiTibed variations. The tyites of I'oey's maiw, laceHus, and brunneus jiruvo
to be color varieties of Oobim toporator," (Eigeuiuann.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2217

teriorly ; head broad, low, rounded in profile; month large, little oblique;
lips thick; teeth ou upper jaw in a broad band, those of outer series en-
larged, the inner ones minute; teeth ou lower jaw in a broad band, the
Kilter row enlarged, but not quite as large as the outer series on upper
jaw. Anterior half of trunk scaled, head naked; seales large, strongly
ctenoid, smaller on nape and belly. Dorsal spines short, not filamentous;
iippor rays of pectoral fiu silk-like, short, and very slender and llexible,
li eo for nearly thoir whole length ; caudal short. Skull posteriorly much
its in LophofioMua cyprinoidea, but the median crest reduced to a sliglit
I idi^e. Lateral crests very high and closely approximated, rising obliquely
outward; the inner crests meeting behind eye, the outer ones forming a
very high border about the orbit. Interorbital very narrow and deep,
with a median ridge. Coloration that of the rocks, usually granite gray
or olivaceous, light or dark, varying from sand color to greenish black,
everywhere mottled and marbled with darker and paler, often with brassy
or i;reenish ; a faint dusky spot behind eye ; coloration varying indefinitely
wit 11 the surroundings; pectorals, dorsals, and caudal generally mottled;
iiiiul and ventrals usually plain. Length 3 to 6 inches. Specimens from
I'liisacola show the following characters : Head 3^ (4 in total) ; depth 4 (5).
p. M-10; A. I, 9; scales 30 to 38; 12 rows of scales from first dorsal down-
ward and backward to anal. Scales on nape extn^mely small, those on
sides firm, ctenoid; first dorsal Avith an oblique median shade of blackish,
the base in front and the distal part light orange; second dorsal dusky at
the, base, with some spots, its margin light orange; caudal reddish, with
dusky cross lines or spots; anal and A'entral dusky, yellowish at base in
the female; pectoral olivaceous, yellowish at base, reddish at tip, 2 dark
spots on base of pectorals. Form robust. Head rather blunt and heavy,
the snout less abruptly dccurved than in (r, lyricua. Mouth moderate, the
jaws equal, the maxillary reaching about to front of pupil, 2j in head.
Teeth in moderate bands, the outer series somewhat enlarged. Cheeks
full, tumid. Eyes moderate, placed rather high, much broader than the
interorbital space. Dorsal spines slender, the first longer than the other,
but not filamentous, l- in head ; caudal rounded, 1^ in head ; upper rays of
pectorals sillv-like, the fiu somewhat longer than the ventral, IJ in head.
Color in life, very deep olive green, the back and sides obscurely barred and
much marbled with different shades of "Mve green; cheeks with dark mark-
ings, ibrmiug reticulations arouin^ p .^d spots; whole under part of head
Idaekish in the males, yellowish in the females. Tropical seas ; universally
(listriltuted and almost everywhere commou, lurking among stones or on
sand in shallow water, or in rock pools, moving very quickly when dis-
turbei' , north on our coast to Carolina and Gulf of California. The
couiiuouest of all shore fishes in tropical America. Among our species it
seems to be the one most nearly related to the European Gohiiia viger, and
it i.iay, therefore, be held to represent the subgenus Gobius, if our other
species be placed in difterent subgenera. Perhaps all the others will
ultimately bo removed from Gobiua.

llobiits sopfiator, GuviBR & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 56, 1837, Martinique:
G L NTHKK, Cat. Fish., ni, 26, 549, 1861 ; FoET, Euumcratio, 124, 1876 ; Jobdan & Gilbbbt,
Syiui{iHi!4, G;I4, 1883.

3030 62

i

i tSi

f !

u

■M

2218 Bulletin 47, Utiited States National Museum,

\t

Oobiua li)ieatvt, Jentns, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 95, pi. 10. fig. 2, 1842, O-alapagos Archipelago.

(Coll. Charles Darwin.)
OohhiH catulus, GiiiAUU, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. -1858, 109, St. Joseph Island, Texas ;

GiRARD, V. S. aud Mex. liuuiul. Survey, Zool., 26, pi. 12, figs. 9 and 10, 1859; Jordan &

ElQENMANN, I.e., 493.
Gobius mapo. Poky, Mcmorias, ii, 277, 1861, Cuba ; Poey, Synopsis, 392, 1868.
Oobivs lacertus, Poey, Memorias, ii, 278, 1861, Cuba ; Poey, Synopsis, ;J92, 1868 ; Poey, Enu-

meratio, 125, 1876.
Qobius andrei, Sauvaqb, Bull. Soo. Philom., Scr. 7, iv, 44, 1880, Rio Guayas, Ecuador.

(Coll. Andr6.)
Gobiug varoUnentiii, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Set. PhUa. 1863, 268, Charleston, South Carolina ;

Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 634, 1883.
Oobius brunneus, Poey, Synopsis, 393, 1868, Havana ; name preoccupied.
Hvorthodut cattiltis, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 632, 1883.

According to Dr. Eigeumann, Gohuia alboptivctatua of the Western Pacific
can not be separated from Gobiua aoporator. In tliis case several othej
synonyms should be added.

Subgenus CTENOGOBIUS, Gill.

2537. OOBIUS NICHOLSII, Bean.

Head 3i( to 3?; depth 5 to 5^. D. VI-I, 12 to 14; A. I, 11; scales 25 or
26-10. Body compressed; width of head about twice in its length.
Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to front of pupil, 2i to 3 in head;
lower jaw very slightly produced. Teeth present on both jaws ; the outer
series of lt)ug, conical teeth, placed at a considerable distance apart ; tho
enlarged teeth on lower jaw not extending on the sides; the inner series
of a band of small teeth. Interorbital si)ace very narrow, equaling pupil.
Snout 4 to 4^^^ in head. Eyes large, placed high, 3 to 3^ in head. Caudal
peduncle 2f to 3,V in head. Scales large, caducous, ctenoid; lacking on
head, nape, and fins. Dorsal spines slender, flexible; base of first dorsal
1^ to 2 in head; soft dorsal and anal similar; base of anal l^^ to l^ in base
of soft dorsal, aud 1^^ to 1^ in head; ventrals IJ to If in head, inserted
below or slightly behind origin of pectorals; pectorals reaching a con-
siderable distance beyond ventrals iiV to Ii in head; caudal rounded,
not equaling head. Color in sp' ics, light yellowish brown, with traces
of darker, lighter below; vcurrals usually dusky; spinous dorsal nar-
rowly margined Avitli black; second dorsal finely checkered in adult;
other fins yellowish, not distinctly marked. Length 2 to 3| inches.
Coast of British Columbia ; not rare. Here described from 5 specimens
from Alhatross Station 2944, numbered 66 in the L. S. .Jr. Univ. Museum.
(Named for Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N., its discoverer.)

Gobius nichoUii, Bean, Proc. U. S.Nat. Mu». 1881,469. Departure Bay, British Columbia;
Joi'DAN & Gilbert, Synopsis, 946, 1883 : Jord^vn & Eioenmann, {.c, 494.

25;]8. (JOKIUS ElflEXMAXM, Garman.

D. VII-12; A. 13; P. 19; scales 27-7. Body rather stout, body cavity
more than \ the length from snout to base of caudal. Head 1^- of the total
length or * of the distance to the caudal base, blunt and rounded ant(>riorly
very narrow between the eyes, slightly compressed. Eyes large, i of the

iillg

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2219

head very close together. Snout short, littlo more than \ as long as
tlio eyo. Mouth wide ; maxillary reaching a vertical from the middle of
tilt" ovo moderately oblique. 'First dorsal higher, anterior 3 rays pro-
longed in the filaments, third ray longest and reaching to th») eighth ray
of the second dorsal; origin of anal tin midway from edge of preopercle
to ))aso of caudal; pectorals nearly as long as the head; caudal as long
as head, pointed. Scales largo, thin, deciduous, 27 in a longitudinal series,
•> rows above the lateral line. Ytdlowish, with a lew puuctulations of black
near the liases <)f the caudal rays, with a light-edged black spot on the outer
halves of the fourth to the sixth rays of the first dorsal aiul with a black
streak around the mouth immediately above the maxillary. The long body,
tlic laro-c" eye, the dorsal spot, and the streak above the month serve to dis-
(iipriiish this species from its nearest allies of the same locality. Oft' Key
West in 60 fathoms. ("The specific name is given in luuior of the distin-
•riiished ichthyologists who have added so mucli to our knowledge of the
American Gobiida^, C. H. and K. S. Eigenmann.")

Oohl'ii eiiifumanni, Gahman, litill. Lab. Nat. Sci. State I'liiv. Iowa, vol. iv, No. 1, 88, 1890;
oil Key West in 60 fathoms. (Coll. Iowa TJuiv. Bahama Exiioditiou.)

2539. GOBIl'S GLAUC0F11.ENU!)! (Cill).

] load 3it ; depth ih I>- VI-10 ; A. 1, 9 ; T. 18 ; lateral transverse 7. Body
robust, compressed; head naked; mouth oblique, the lower jaw slightly
projecting, the maxillaries extending to bellow pupil; teeth long, in many
series, the outer curved; scales ctenoid, large. Pectoral fin with the
npjier rays little branched, not silk-like; cheeks scarcely tumid; caudal
uuil pect(»ral longer than ventrals, about as long as head. Tawny, with
a faint blue spot in the center of each scale, and with 6 spots, each
foiined by aggregation of dark dots, on the ridge of the back between
the second dorsal spine and the axil of the soft dorsal fin; another row of
siniiUii' but fainter spots runs from the scapular region, and a third row
along the middle of the sides; head tawny, with dark spots and blue dots;
aslraight blue line across the cheek; dorsal (ins Avith faint blue spots.
Length Ik inches. Florida Keys; said to have eomo from the coast of
Washington, but this is probably an error, as the sjiecies has not since been
taken there, while 1 apparently identical has been taken at Tortugas.*
(glaiivKn, glaucous; frwnum, bridle.)

* Dr. KiKi'inHanii thus describes the spociinen.s from the Tortnjjas examined by him :
(loliiin (jlavco/fcetmrn. ((Jill). Head 'J}, m in total); depth 4.\ (5J). D. VI-10; A. 10;
Hciilis ill a iimdian series, 23, in a transverse series, 8; eyo na Ion;; as snout, 3J In liead,
jaws ui|iial, maxillary barely reaching pupil. Teeth in bands in botli ,jaws, those of the
(iiiior ri)>,v of lower jilw enlarged. Dorsal spines scarcely tilanieiitoiis, the tliird highest
and oiiiialinj; depth of body. Posterior dorsal rays highest, as hi^h us spines ; anal simi-
lar III stilt dorsal; pectoraflong and narrow, lont;er t'.ian head, 3 J in body; ventral reiich-
ihi iiast vent; scales large, thin, linely toothed, reduced on breast; nape naked. Color
in spirits, light yellowish brown; a light spot on each scale, tlie spots especially con-
spii'iiiiiis near shoulder; 6 dark spots on middle of back; fainter but similar spots along
iiiiddio of sides; a conspicuous dark spot above opercle; a wavy light line extending for-
ward I'nim it through lower rim of eyo to snout; a straight pale-blue bar extending par-
allil t(i it across preopercle and cheek to corner of mouth ; a narrow faint bar below it; a
triaii;;iilar dark spot at corner of mouth ; cheeks and preopercle purplish <'hocolaie ; o|ier-
do and snout plain yellowish; '2 brown spots at base of caudal; the smaller specimens
dilVcriiig from this in having the markings more distinct. Length uf 4 specimens examined,
U, 1,\. la> IJ inches. (Eigunmauu.)

'.H

•I ':

Ili!:,:

m. ■:!

2220 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Coryphopteringlaucoficenum, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sol. Phlla. 1863, 263, Coast of ^Va8hing^.

ton (evidently an error).
Gobius glavco/nenum, Jordan & Giuieiit, Sj-nopglH, 635, 1883; Jouuan & Eioenmann,

{. c, 494; ElOENMANN & ElOENUANN, Proc. Ciil. Ac. Sci. 1888, 50.

2540. OOBIUS MANOLICOLA, Jordan &. St.\rkB.

IIead4J; depth 5 J^. D. VI-12; A. 12; Bcales about 35, not to be exactly
counted; caudal lanceolate, 2f in body; pectoral about ecjual to head;
dorsal spine slender, not filamentous, IJ in head ; eyes largt, closo toj^other,
the ranjje partly vertical, the narrow interorbital diM'jily fiirrowed ; no
Haps on shoulder girdle; scales moderate, ctenoid anteriorly, becoming
smooth behind; median kcol on head slight; head naked. Body long,
comi)res8cd, the head depressed, the cheeks tumid; snout bluntly trun-
cate; mouth large, tbe maxillary reaching the middle of eye, not pro-
duced backward, truncated behind, somewhat oblique, the lower jaw a
little the longer; lower jaw flat; teeth strong, the outer in botli jaws en-
larged; cranium without median crest, abruptly widened behind eyes.
Color light olive, mottled with darker; 6 oblong blotches of blackish on
sides as iu Gohhis holeoaoma, the last at base of caudal; dorsals and caudjil
iinely checkered and barred with dark brownish orange and blackish;
anal mottled; a dark shoulder spot; a dark l)ar before eye and 1 below
eye; von trals dusky, the edge pale. One specimen, 1| inches long. Mii-
zatlan; found in the mud of the Astillero among the roots of mangrove
l)U8he8 (Ehizophora mangle), (whence the name mangle; colo, I inhabit).

Gobius manglicola, JoRVAS & Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Scl. 1895,496, Mazatlan. (Coll. Hop
klna Expedition to Mazatlan. Type, 3095, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mas.)

2541. GOBIUS 8TIGHATURIJS, Goode & Beau.

Head 4; depth 4^; eye 4, about equal to snout. 1). VI-12; A. 11 or 12;
scales 33. 13ody subfusiform, little compressed; nead blur.t, the protilo
rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, tbe lower jaw included; maxillary :i
in head, reaching eye. Teeth small, in bands in both jaws, the outer en-
larged, those of the upper jaw very slender. Region from nape to dorsal
entirely scaled, the scales large, ctenoid, those on nape and belly little
reduced. Dorsal spines short, the longest shorter than the head ; caudal
lin scarcely pointed, about as loug as head. Grayish white, middle of
sides with 4 or 5 dark blotches, from each of Avhich a dark bar extends
downward and forward; a large black blotch above i)ect()ral, obsolete in
the female ; a small black spot at base of caudal, and a dark mark below
the eye; vertical lius barred. Two specimens taken in a shallow bay at
Key West are thus described : Very pale olive, everywhere freckled and
spotted; lower part of sides silvery, crossed by faint and narrow cross
streaks of light brown; sides with about 5 faint dark blotches; a dark
blotch below eye and 1 on opercle; a round black spot at base of caudal;
bars on verticle fins light olive. Numerous other specimens are less
freckled in coloration, and have a more diffuse caudal spot as well as ;i
vague dark spot at the shoulder. The dusky marks on the sides are larger.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2221

"We find no other differenoes, and refer all of them to (i. stigmainrws. The
relations of (». boteosoma, G. atitimitturitx, and (I. enca'omna are certainly very
intimate. Florida K«\v8, not very comiuon, our speciiiieuH from Key
West. {6riyi.ia, spot; ovpd, tail.)

ihiWom Hijjmalurus, Goode &. IJean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 418, no type locality given,
but specimens probably from Florida Keys; .Iordan * (iii.iiKHT, Syiioiwis, 940, 1883;

iIoBDAN & GILBEUT, PtOC. U. S. Nut. MllS. 1884, 140; JORDAN & ElOENMANN, I. C, 405.

2542. UOBIIIS ({IJADRIPORITS, Cuvier & Valenciennes.

1). VI-I, }); A. I, 9; scales as in Gob'nis eaiiiiiui*. The 2 pores on the
vertical arm of preopercle very open; 2 smaller ones above them; te«'tli of
outer series small; 2 small eanines on each side of lower jaw; dorsal
spines not prolonged as filaments. Color yellowish, Avith lighter lines
wliich follow the rows of scales; brown spots on dorsal; 2 lines on cheek.
Surinam. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) Not seen by us. {qiiatuor, four;
jionis, pore.)

(i.,h!fis quadriponu, CUVIER &. VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poi88., xn, 87, 1837, Surinam;
KioENMANN «fc EiOENMANN, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 61.

2o4.t. GOBIU»i SIIUFELDTI, Jordan & Eigcnniann.

Head 3j to 3^; depth 5^; eye 4; snont 3i to 3L D. VI-12; A.U; scales
;?;{ to 35. T .ly moderately elongate, Hubfnsiforni ; head less blunt than in
Cdhins holeo8oma, the anterior profile gently decurvod ; month large, slightly
()l.li(|ne; maxillary extending to front of pujul, 2i( in head. Teeth small,
slender, and curved, in moderate bands; scales covering anterior half of
trunk; head and breast naked; scales moderate, ctenoid, those in front
ninch reduced. Longest dorsal spine 1| in head; caudal fin as long as
he;i(l, somewhat pointed. Olivaceous, mottled with gray; about 5 round
(lark blotches along middle of side, the last at base of caudal; no dark
s]H)t on side of nape; some dark marks on head; vertical fins barred.
(inlf coast of the United States, known as yet only from fresh waters
about New Orleans. (Named for Dr. Robert Wilson Shufeldt, U. S. A.,
who collected the types.)

GobiiLt shufekUi, Jordan & Eiqen-MANn, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 405, New Orleans.
(Type, No. 35202.)

2544. fJOBIUS BOLEOSOMA, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 4 (5 in total) ; depth 4* to 5i. D. VI-12 ; A. 1, 10 to 12 ; scales 25 to
30. Body slender, subfusiform, little compressed; head moderate, not
very blunt, the anterior i)rofile somewhat evenly decurved, the snout not
very short, scarcely shorter than the large eye; month not very large,
horizontal, the lower jaw included, the maxillary extending slightly be-
yond front of pupil, its length .about 3 in head; teeth small, slender, in
uarrow bands, those of the outer series longer than the others; eyes
phieed high, about 4 in head ; interorbital space not wider than pupil ;
scales moderate, ctenoid, those on nape and belly not much reduced in
size ; gill opening not continued forward above opercle ; first dorsal with

1M

\-\'

i : 1

- 1

2222 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

\t ■:

the spineH dlondur but ratbor firm, none of them filamentous, the longest
about J! head; Becond dorsal and nnal rather large; caudal long, pointed,
slightly longer than head ; pectorals largo, slightly longer than head, none
of tlie upptM" rays silk-like; ventrals slightly shorter than head, iuHerted
helow axil of pectorals; skull rounded behind, no ridges nor crests; crests
at side niinuto; intcu-orbital very narrow. Color in lifii: Male, deep (dive
green, mottled with darker; middle of side with 4 or 5 vague darker
blotches; a Jet-black spot above gill opening, on sid*' of back; head
mottled, dusky below; usually a dark bar below eye; dorsals tipped
with bright yellowish, ea(!h crossed by numerous narrow, somewhat
oblique, interrupted bars or series of spots, these being of a rich reddish
hroAvn color; caudal burred with black, its upper edge tinged with
orange; anal nearly plain, with a slight orange tinge; ventrals bluish
black, their edges whitish. F«^mal<s paler and duller in color, more
mottled, the black spot above gill opening obsolett^ or nearly so; a dark
spot at base of caudal; upper fins barred, as in the male; lower fins
mostly pali', tinged with orange. Many specimens of this species, the
largest about 2 inches in length, were obtained in the Laguna Grande at
Pensacola. It lurks in sea wrack o\\ muddy ])ottoms in very shallow
water (6 to 12 inches), In form, size, coloration, and movements this
little fish bears a remarkable resemblance to the percoid, Jioleosoma
olmsledi. Gulf of Mexico, Pensacola to Key West; eommon in shallow
sandy bays, Itii-king in sea wrack at the depth of a foot (whence the name
fioXii, dart; 6S)i.ia, body).

Oohius boleosoina, Johdan &. Gilbert, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 205, Laguna Grande,
Pensacola ; ibid, Syuopsis, 946, 188:) ; Jordan &, Eiobnmann, I. c, 495.

2545. OOItlUS PASCIATD8 (Gill).

- Head 4 in length (4 J in total) ; depth 6 (7). D. VI-12 ; A. 10; scales 30-7.
Body slender, elongate ; head somewhat pointed ; profile rounded, not as
much as in Gohiiis garmani and (iohiua holeosoma; eyerlarge, slightly longer
than snout, 3| in head ; interorbital area scarcely wider than pupil ; month
slightly oblique, maxillary extending to below anterior margin of pupil,
3^ in head; lower jaw thin and ilat; teeth strong, recurved, in a band in
each jaw, the teeth of the outer series of the upper jaw enlarged, several
times as largt! as those of the inner series. Scales finely ctenoid (fallen ofl'
anterioi'ly in specimen examined); antedorsal region and breast naked.
Dorfial spines slender, filamentous near tip, not reaching second dorsal, l^
in length of head ; second dorsal of moderate height ; caudal (tips broken)
about 5 in length, If in length of head ; ventral not reaching vent, 1^ in
head; pectorals pointed, equaling the head in length. Color yellowish,
marbled with darker above ; 4 oblong dark blotches along middle of sides ;
a darker spot at base of caudal; narrow dark stripes across nape; a faint
dark stripe along upper margin of opercle, through lower margin of eye
to snout; another extending from angle of mouth to edge of preopercle,
then extending down along the margin of the preopercle and ending in a
dark' blotch on the lower part of the cheek; a dark spot on opercle; first
dorsal with 2 curved bars; caudal with 3 rather broad dark bars; anal

Jordan and Everniann. — Fishes of North America, 2223

dusky; connecting memhraue of ventral white, its first rays blackish,
outer rays yellowish; lower parts yellowish. West Indies; not ween by
lis. This description by Eigeuniann, from a specimen If inclies long. No.
13231, M. C. Z,, collected in Hayti by Dr. Weinlaud. (/a«da<M«, branded.)

Clenogolnuiifaaeiattia, Gill, Fisbes Trinidad, 378, 1858, Trinidad.

(iohim JaseiatuH, GUnthbr, Cat., in, 34, 1801 ; .Tordan & Kioknmann, Proc. U, S. Nat. Mus.
1886, 495; EiOENMANN &, EiGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 62.

2540. GOBIUS EX0iEOMU8, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 4; depth 6; snont ^h D. VI-11; A. 12; scales 27 to 33. Body
very elongate, much tapering backward; head compressed, the eheeks
high and vertical; snont very short, compressed, obtusely rounded verti-
cally. Mouth nearly horizontal, low, large, the maxillary 2 in hend,
nearly reaching vertical from posterior margin of orbit. Teeth in very
narrow bunds in both jaws, those of the outer series in the upper jaw
much enlarged and recurved in some specimens; eyes inserted high, the
interorbital space very narrow, about as wide as pupil ; diameter of orbit
nmcli greater than snout, nearly ^ of head. G»ll opening 2,^ in head, the
isthmus wide. Dorsals contiguous, the membnane of spinous dorsal
reaching nearly to base of soft dorsal; dorsal spines high, of ne.arly uni-
form length, the last reaching well beyond origin of soft dorsal when
depressed; the longest spine about \ length of hea<l; soft dorsal and
aual long and high, the posterior rays of both fins reaching at least to
liase of caudal when depressed; caudal lanceolate, the middle rays pro-
duced, 2f in body; ventrals reaching vent, somewhat longer than pec-
torals, which about et^nal length of head; ventral sheath well developed,
its length ? that of fin. Body wholly covered with large, strongly ctenoid
scales, which are much reduced in size anteriorly; head, nntedorsal
legion, and breast naked. In female specimens the month is evidently
smaller, and the cajidal less elongate. Colors in life : Male, light oliva-
ceous, mottled above with darker olive brown; a series of about 4 obscure
oldong dark blotches along middle of sides; a dark spot at base of cau-
dal; each side of nape with an intense blue-black spot larger than eye;
an obscure dusky streak from eye forward to mouth ; a small dusky spot
sometimes present on upper portion of base of pectorals; both dorsals
translucent, with a series of bright reddish-brown spots as large as pupil ;
upper lobe of caudal light reddish, the lower lobe blue black ; anal and
ventrals dusky bluish, pectorals slightly dusky, with a narrow, bright
pink border behind. Female, without bright markings; body light olive,
with 5 oblong dark blotches on sides, the last on base of caudal ; from
each of the 3 middle blotches a V-shaped bar runs to the back (these vis-
ible also in males) ; back somewhat mottled with dusky ; a black blotch
on scapula ; a small one on opercie ; a dark bar from eye forward to mouth.
Vertical fins with dusky streaks, these appearing on caudal in the form
of cross bars; ventrals light, with 2 lengthwise dark streaks; pectorals
plain. South Carolina to Key West, in sandy bays; scarce. Length 2
inches. {kyHaioo, brand; 0J//05, shoulder.)

: j5

'ȣ

■i 1;

n

5 i
I

I, ■;

i!^

2224 Dtdletin 47, United States National Museum.

.W'i 1,,.

Oobivt enecvomus,* Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 611, Charleston, South
Carolina (Type, No. 29673, 3 spociinona. Coll. C. H. Gilbert) ; Jordan & Gilbert,
Synopsis, 945, 1883; JoEUAN &- Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142; Jordan &

ElQENMANN, {.C.,490.

2547. flOBIUK STIGHATICUS (Poey).

Head 4; depth 5 to G; eye 3J. D. VI-12; A. 12 or 13; scales 27. Body
p little deeper and less compressed than in Gobiua encwoviua. Anterior
profile moderately decurved; back slightly arched ; skull flattish behind,
much broader than in G. holeosoma, with an evident median ridge; mouth
oblique, large, lower jaw thin and flat, maxillary reaching to beloAv pupil.
Teeth above uuiserial, some of them enlarged and recurved ; lower teeth
in a narrow band, males sometimes with the hindmost of the outer series
a strong, exserted, recurved canine (present in Poey'stype). Anterior half
of body scaled except region between nape and dorsal, which is naked;
breast naked. Longest dorsal spine ^ head, sometimes elongate ; caudal
3i in body. Light greenish, sides of male with 5 or 6 narrow, straight,
whitish or yellowish cross bars, regularly placed; 4 dark bars on head, 3
below the eye and 1 on opercle ; a small dark spot behind and above
ojiercle; ventral fins barred; female with a row of irregular dark spots
connected by a dusky streak, the pale cross bars obsolete. Coast of North
Carolina, Florida Keys, the West Indies, southward to Kio .Taneiro;
common at Havaiu.. .Subject to considerable variation. Brazilian speci-
mens said by Eigenmaun to be darker, the bars on cheek conspicuous ;
third dorsal spine often much elongate, reaching fifth dorsal ray, last
soft ray sometimes reaching caudal, (stigmaticua, spotty.)

Smaragdug stigmaticus, Poet, Memorias, ii, 281, 1861, c.uba.

Oobionellus stigmaticut, Poey, Synopsis, 304, 1868 PoEY, Enameratio, 126, 1876 ; Jordan

& Gilbert, Synopsis, 947, lead.
Gobiut lUgnaticut, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1686, 49; Jordan & Eiqekmann, I. c,

496.

&M<\

t

I

2548. OOBIUS LTRICUS, Girard.

Head 4^; depth 4f. D. VI-11; A. I, 10; scales 27. Body rather elon-
gate, moderately compressed ; head rather chort, the profile very obtuse,
descending abruptly from before the front of the eye to tha snout ; eyes
small, placed high, about as long as snout, and about 4| in head; moutL
nearly horizontal, unwh below level of tye, the maxillary extending to
beyond pupil, 2;} in head ; jaws subequal; teeth strong, in 1 series in each
jaw; in the lower jaw about 4 ehortJtjh, canine-like teeth behind the other
teeth; anterior teeth of lower jaw small, of upper jaw lather large; gill

* One small specimen, taken with the seine in a shallow bay, at Key "West, is 'lescribed
a.4 follow 1) :

Light groon, with 5 diffuse spots of darker green on sides, the poatorior one most con-
spicuous; poctorals, both dorsals, and caudal edged above with pa'o orange; ventrals
mostly black, edged with paler; anal dark; a conspiciio'iM duskv shoulder spot; maxil-
lary reaching to below middle of eye; caudal about k longer than head. Lateral line
about 30. Tliis little specimen appears to be identical with that described by us from
Charleston under the name Oobuit cncceomus. The species is allied to fl. KttgmatvruB,
but has a much slenderer body. The number of scales in a ^latentl series is less than 37,
the number origiuullr stated by ua. Tberu are about 33 in thin speciuien. i(J;>rdan &
Gilbert.)

brown ; a se:

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2225

opening not continued forward .above opercle; first dorsal with 2 or 3
spines filamentous, the longest reaching past the middle of the second
dorsal, which is of moderate height and similar to the anal ; caudal long
and pointed, \ longer than the head; pectoral as hmg as head, about
reaching front of anal; upper rays of pectorals not silk-like; ventrals
fioinewhat shorter than head, their insertion below front of pectorals;
scales large, rough, those on nape, pe(-toral region, and belly reduced in
Hizc; head naked. Color in life, dark olive, with 4 or 5 irregular confluent
liliickish cros? Itands, besides dark blotches and irregular markings; head
marbled wit- darker, the jaws, opercles, and branchiostegals blackish;
lirst dorsa stly dusky translncent, somewhat barred; second dorsal
and anal ^ .i.,u dusky; caudal dark blue, with 2 longitudinal stripes of
liiight red; pectoral finely l>firred or reticulated with blackish and pale;
head and belly yellowish. Female specimens duller and paler. Gulf of
Mexico, from Galveston to Cuba and the Lesser * Antilles ; rather common.
{hjricua, pertaining to a lyre, apparently an allusion to the dorsal spines.)

(Vi ;'-/»* lyrictts, GmARD, Pioc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1858, 169, Brazos Santiago, Texas ;

OiRAiiD, IT. S. and Mfx. lioiind. Surv., 25, pi. 12, figs. 4 and 5, 1859; GL'nthkk, Cat., IH,

,"),')0, 1861; Jordan <fe Eigknmann, I. c, 436; Eigenmann & Eioenmann, I. c, 63.
smaragdus eo»talc»i, Poey, Memorias, ii, 280, 1861, Havana. (Type, No. 13109, M. C. Z.

Coll. Felipe Poey.)
(liihius wnrdemanni, Girard, Proc. Ac. Niit. Sci. Pliila. 1858, 169, Brazos Santiago;

probably the female; Jordan ifc Gii.hert, Synopsis, 634.t
Kin'tenffobius lyricus. Jordan & Giluert, Synopsis, 633, 1883.

m-^

■j^

M '^

■ i

I

, Ji^

i

\

. i

' . 1

*T,

■1

2540. OOBIIIS OAKMAM, Eigenmann JL Eigenmann.

Head 4 in length (5^ in total); depth 4 (5^). D. VT-11; A. 11; scales
30-7. Body robust, head short and blunt ; profile in front of eye abruptly
doenrved. rounded much as in Gobius holeonoma; mouth inferior, horizon-
tal ; lower jaw included; maxillary extending to below pupil, 2i in head;
lijis thin; teeth short and thick, in a single series in each jaw. Dorsals
contiguous; dorsal spines filamentous, the second and third longer than
the rest, reaching past first third of second dorsal; last dorsal rays reach-
inj,' base of caudal; pectorals e(|ualing head in length; A-entral short and
liroad, T) in body ; caudal rather long and pointed, 3 in body. Scales large,
sliiflitly reduced and cycloid on nape. Color yellowish, marbled with
brown; a series of irregular blotches along the sides; a light spot at base

A specimen from St. Kitts is tlnia described by Eigenmann : "Depth 5 in length ; head
4. 'Pile se<'ond and tliird dorsal spines extend to base of caudal ; dorsal scar'ely less than
l«n;;tli of head, the last rays reactiing pa.st Imse of caudal; the cfiudal tin is } longer than
till' head, 'JJ in body. Color light brown, faintly marked with darl<er; the first dorsal
with minute diirlc points, the lower fnurtli of the spines with siin))le dark B]iots, above
whicli are jet-black spots ocelLited with white; the second dorsal tin dusky, darker pos-
teriorly, the basal portion of tlie lasthalf of the tin evenly black, the anterior 4 rays marked
witli dark points siiuilar to the ppotson the lower iiarts of the spines of the tii-st dorsal;
c.iiKlal dusky, with 2 light bars; aual plain, darker than body: ventral fins blackisli,
edyid with white; pectorals lilackish, with many scries of white spots on the membrane,
mill short, white bars at base; bnvnchiostegal membrane black, with a light margin.

Uliibhii wttrdevtanni, Girard. Appearance of (loltius lyricus. Keddisli brown, oli-
scLii'cly l)arr(!d with dusky. Heiidla.ger; caudal shorter; ventrals shorter; anal lower;
scali'Hsmallor than in O. lyricus; teeth very slender, much smaller than in O. lyricus;
tliiril dorsal t ,niw filaioeiitous. D. VI-ll; A. 12. Brazos Santiago, Texas. (Girard.)
(Humod lor Dr. Guatav Wurdemaun, its collector.)

n

i !

I !

s

i i

u

222G Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

of caudal, partly or -wholly surrounded by a broad ring of dark brown;
head slato color, white below; 3 dark bars extending forward and down-
ward from eye to mouth; a triangular spot on opercle; dorsals, caudal, .and
pectorals finely barred with black ; a chocolate bar on base of ventral ; anal
margined with white; an irregular black bar on shoulder and upper hall'
of pectoral; everywhere more or less blotched with darker, the blotches
at times forming numerous bars across the back. Dominica, Fort de
France, Martini<jue, St. Kitts. (Eigc-^mann «fe Eigenmann.) Not seen by
us. Apparently very close to GoMua hjncua, if not the same. (Named for
its discoverer, Prof. Samuel Garman.)

Oobiua (jarmani, Eigenmann &, Eioemann, Hull. Cal. Ac. Sti. 1888, 61, Dominica, Fort de
France, Martinique, St. Kitts. (Coll. Samuel Garman.)

■J-l

2550. OOniUN ZEBRA, Gilbert.

He.ad .S; .depth H; eye SJ in hesid. D. VI-11 or 12; A. 9. Body not,
elongate, the snout short, the mouth oblique, with maxillary reaching
below niid«lle of orbit. Mouth small, the maxill.ary 2^^ in head. Interor-
bital space very naiTOW. Teeth in upper jaw in a narrow b.and or double
series, th*^ outer row enlarged and s|iaced; lower jaw apparently with u
single Heriea, similar to the outer row in the U])per jaw. Scales cycloid,
largo, wanting on nape and a na row strip ahmg base of spinous dorsal.
Color cherry red, head and sides with 1.5 blue cross bars, a little narrower
than interspaces, encircling the body posteriorly, lacking for a short dis-
tance on belly and under side of head; on upper side of head and nape
these bars run obliciuely forward an«l downward, but elsewhere verti(!al ;
on middle of each interspace a very narroAv blue line, becoming indistinct
on lower part of sides; on cheeks the blue bars are connected by narrow
cross lines, forming blue reticulations surroumling round sj)ots of the
ground color. Length of types + inch. Two specimens from Albatroxs
Station 2989, west coast of Mexico, in 36 fathoms, {zebra, zebra, from the
stripes.)

fro6i««?c6ra, GiLBEKT, Proc. IT. S.Nat. Mua. 1890, 73, Albatross Station agSg, west Coast
of Mexico.

Subgenus EtTCTENOGOBIUS, Gill.

2561. <>)0B1DS POKYI, Steindachner.

He.id broad and llattish; <lepth OA in total length ; eye A}, l^ in interor-
bital width, longer than snout; snout short and decurved. D. VI-9; A. !t;
scales 40. M.-ixillary (ixtcnding to below middle of eye. Some of the dor-
sal spines produced and filamentous, the third IJ times depth of body:
caudal short, r'^unded. Two rows of ill-dclin(Ml blotches on upper half of
body; dorsals and caudal sharply barred, anal and ventrals dusky (male),
A small round dark sjtot at base of caudal. (Steindachn«'r.) Harbados;
not seen by us. (Named for Prof. Felipe Poey.)

(Johitit poeyi, .Steindacunkh, Ichtliyol. Notizen, VI, 44, 1867, Barbados; JoKDAN <fc EuiEX-
MANN, {. c, 107.

iipE.;:^::'r-

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2227

2552. <JOBIUK BADIUS (Gill).

Head 6 in total; depth 7. D. VI-1, 10; A. 1, 10; ac.iles 50-18. Anterior
profile very oblique ; a line of pores above each eye ; 2 on upper ascending
miirgin of preopercle; eye 4 in head; interorbital space ^\ in eye; caudal
r. in total length; pectoral 6. Color dark bay with a posteriorly straight
Iit'iivy dot in the center of each scale on back and sides abov«^; head
pliirabeous, with 2 livid bine bands from eye to upper Jaw. (OJill). About
month of Amazon; not seen by us. (hadius, baj' color, dark red.)

Eiictenogobius badiut, Gii-l, Ann. Lye. Xat. Hiat. N. T., vn, 1867, 47, Amazon.
Cohiushoici, Sauvage, Bull. .Soc. IMiilom. Paris. IV, 44, 1880.

Gdhius badiut, ElOBNMANN &- ElGKNMANN, I. C, 65.

Subgenus GOBIONELLUS, Giraid.
265S. GOBIUS MICRODOX, Gilbert.

Tload i};', depth 5. D. VI-13; A. ll; scales 62. Head and body com-
))res8ed, everywhere deeper than wide. Month at lower profile of snout,
nearly horizontal, the lower jaw extremely weak, broadly rounded ante-
riorly; maxillary reaching vertical from hinder margin of pupil, nearly
k length of head. Teeth minute scarcely per<>eptib]e without the use of
11 Ions, those in upper Jaw in a single series. Mandible with a close set
•iiitor series of teeth, separated by an interval from an inner narrow band
oC still smaller teeth. Interorbital space narrow, less than diameter «>f
pii|>il. Isthmus wide, the gill slits extending little below base of pecto-
r;ils. Scales minute and cycloid anteriorly and on belly, becoming larger
jidsteriorly; on sides they are everywhere ctenoid behind the middle of
spinons dorsal; belly wholly scaled; nape scaled forward nearly to
orbits, but with a narrow median naked streak running back to front of
dorsal; breast and sides of head naked. Dorsal fins not connected.
First 4 spines filamentous, the longest longer than head, re- "^Mng when
(U'proHsed to base of third ray of soft dorsal. Soft dorsal ' ..mi-

liir. not high, the last rays not extending beyond the hm .>i camlal;
ciuidal lanceolate, much longer than head; pectorals and ventrals about
eiinal, reaching vent. Color nearly uniform light olive, with minute darker
jjimctnlations which sometimes form darker margins to the scales; an
oblitiue dusky streak on oper<de; 3 or 4 oblique obscure dark cross bars on
sjiinons dorsal, and 4 or 5 on tail ; ventrals with white pigment. Length
L* inches. San .luan Lagoon, west coast of Mexico. (Gilbert.) (/</«/jo?,
siiiJill; ()5ou$, tooth.)

(toliiim microdon, Gilheht, I'roc. IT. S. at. Miia. 1891, .554, San Juan Lagoon, north of
Rio Ahomfi, Mexico. (Coll. Gilbert.;

8554. OOniUN SHAK\(JP|T8, Cuvier &Yaleneieiii)e8.

(KsMEItAI.DA.)

Head 4; depth ^ to 5a ; eye i to 5. D. VI-11 or 12; A. 11 or 12; scales
Hit to 42. Hody moderately elongate, compressed; head not compressed;
tht'cheeks tumid ; the snout short and abruptly decnrved; mouth large,
little oblique; lower jaw slightly inferior; maxillary reaching to below

I '

i ' !

]&

2228 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

}%

pupil or to posterior margin of orbit, 2^ to 2\ in head ; outer row of teeth
on upper jaw enlarged; the narrow band of teeth baclc of this row sepa-
rated from it by a space; teeth on lower jaw in a band, subequal. Seales
cycloid anteriorly, becoming larger and ctenoid posteriorly. Caudal 2i to
2\ in body. Male, light olive, with dark-olive blotches ; body and head with
many conspicuous round cream-colored spots, each surrounded by a dusky
ring, these smaller than pupil and most distinct on head ; snout with dusky
streaks ; dorsal and caudal plainly barred ; pectoral crossed with dark wavy
lines, dusky at base ; anal and ventrals dusky ; a small dark spot at base of
caudal ; a shining deep -green spot inside the mouth in life. Female, plain
olivaceous, nearly or quite immaculate. West Indies, south to Rio Janeiro^
nortli to St. Augustine, Florida (Dr. Oliver P. Hay), and to Charleston (C.
H. Gilbert); specimens before us from Marco Island, Florida (J. A. Hen-
shall). (d/tdpaySoi;, emerald, from the bright-green spot on the tongue.)

Oohius tmaragdut, CuviEK & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 120, 1837, Cuba ; Joboan

& ElGENMANN, {. C, 497.

Smaragdus valencieimei, Poey, Memorian, n, 280, 1861, Cuba.

Oohionellus smaragdtn, Poey, Synopsis, 394, 1868 ; Poky, Enumeratio, 126, 1876.

2555. flOBIDS STRIGATUfS, O'Shaiighnessy.

Head 3J; depth 5; eye 3|, shorter than the rounded snout. D. VI-12;
A. 11 or 12; scales 53-13. Body elongate, compressed posteriorly; head
little compressed; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye ; teeth small,
the outer a little enlarged; dorsal spines all shorter than head, not flla-
mentous. Head naked ; anterior half of body covered with ctenoid scales,
those on nape much reduced in size. Two violet stripes from mouth to
eye, 8 or 9 violet bars on side, 3 or 4 on caudal; second dorsal spotted.
(Steindachner.) Coast of Surinam. (8/»-j</a<M8, striped.)

Gohius strigatKS, O'Shauohnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series 4, xv, 1875, 145, Surinam.
Gohius kraussi, Steindachnek, Ichth. Beitrage, vni, 16, 1879, Surinam ; .Jokdan & Eiqen-
MANN, Z.c, 497.

2556. CIOBIUS SAGITTULA (Guntber).

Head 4i to 5 in length to base of caudal ; depth 6 to 8 ; eye 4| to 5J. D.
VI-13 or 14; A. 13; scales about 66 in longitudinal, 15 in transverse series,
counted just below space l)etween the two dorsals. Body slender, taper-
ing pretty regularly from middle of first dorsal to (caudal, most compressed
posteriorly, depth about uniform from head to origin of second dorsal.
Head short, depressed, and broad; mouth large, nearly horizontal, the
maxillary in adults 2? in head, reaching beyond mi<ldle of eye; dis-
tance between maxillaries at their posterior ends greater than their
length; eye about f the bony interorbitalspac(>. Teeth in a narrow band
in each jaw, those in lower jaw uniform, the outer series in upper jaw
considerably enlarged and separated by an interspace from the inner
band. Pseudobranchia' well developed. Gill rakers short and flexible.
Longest dorsal spine about f head; distance between dorsals less than
diameter of eye; pectorals 1| iu head, their tips reaching past middle
of spinous dorsal; ventrals about equaling pectorals, reaching more than
halfway to origin of anal; anal equal and opposite to the second dorsal,
but slightly lower; caudal liu greatly elongate, more than i head and

(■red wi

toward

(m iioral

sides wi

miller iii

i.s .soniet:

iic.ir its ■

upon ea(

and ma:

dorsal fii

with crot

oiis narro

and neig!

mouths 0

(if h)>l(ficc
arrow.)

Kiictenoijobi
Americi
ot'Ceutr

(iiihius longi

Guayma

(lobhis iagitt

-=— I

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 2229

JkkIv in largest speciraeiis, 1\ in smaller ones, its relative length increasing
\s\W\ iigo. Heutl scaloless, predorsal region with small scales; body cov-
cicil with close-Bet ctenoi*! scales, small and greatly crowded anteriorly,
toward the caudal tin growing gradually larger and nioro strongly ctenoid,
(ii neralc«dor light yellowish, palest below, upper parts darker; middle of
siilis with 5 elongate black blotches, most distinct in the young; the iirst
iiiiilor Iirst dorsal, second under origin of second dorsal, the third, which
is sometimes almost double, at about middle of second dorsal, the fourth
near its posterior end, an<l the last at base of caudal; a large black spot
nnou each shouldt^r just above origin of pectoral fin; head plain; lips
and maxillary dark; operele with a dark blotch; basal portion of
dorsal fins with dark lines formed of spots; anal unmarked; pectorals
witli cross lines formed of dots ; ventrals plain; caudal crossed by numer-
ous narrow dark bars. Reaching a length of 8 inches. Gulf of California
iiud neighboring waters south to Panama; very common in lagoons and
mouths of rivers. The types of sagittitla are evidently the young, those
of hmgicauda the adults of the same species, (diminutive of sagitta,
arrow.)

Etnieiiof/obius saijittula, GCnther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1861, 3, West coast Central
America, young individuals; GOnthkr, Cut. Fiabos, ui, 555, 1861; GCntheu, Fishes
of Coutr. Amor., 380, 1869.

UKhius lomjicauda, Jenkins <fe Eveumann, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1888, 14C, adult examples,
Guaymas. (Coll. Kverniann &, Jenkins. Type, No. 39630.)

(,()6i».v mijittula, Jordan & Eioe.vmann, I. c, 497.

2557. CIOBIUS HASTATUS, Girard.

(Emerald Fish; Sharp-tailed Goby.)

Head 4t^ to 5 ; depth 6 to 7f . D. yi-14 ; A. 14 or 15 ; scales 60 ; vertebrae
11-f 15. Bodycomju'essed, extremely elongate ; depth nearly cfjual through-
out; head short, coinpres.sed, deeper than wide; mouth wide, oblique, the
jaws eciual; maxillary in adult reaching to belov.' posterior border of eye;
lower jaw very thin and flat; teeth in each jaw small, subequal, those in
the upper jaw in a single series, those in the lower jaw in a narrow band;
outer teeth somewhat movable; scales anteriorly small, «'yeloi(l, and
embedded, those behind larger and ctenoid ; the 8«'ales larger than in
(iob'nts oceanicua; a few si^ales on upper anterior corner of opcrcle, but
without the large ])atch seen in G. occanioiia; dorsal fins high, some of the
spines filamentous and longer than tht^ head; caudal very long and fila-
iiiintous, 2 to 2| in body; pectoral slightly longer than head or than ven-
trals, none of its rays silk-like. A single specimen from Ceyhm bcUmgs
to this species, which appears to bo characterized by a longer head (5 in
l(iii;th, 7 in total), by the much larger scales (00 in a lateral line), by the
obsolescence of the patch of scales on opercles, and by slightly ditfer-
eut coloration. This may be really only the extreme of A-ariation of G,
oceanicns, with which species most authors have hitherto confounded it.
The two need detailed comparison. Coast of Texas, {haatatus, spear-like. )

(hliinnellus hastatxis, GlRAiU), I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1858, 168, St. Josephs Island,

Texas; GlRARD, U. S. nnd Mex. Bound. Surv., 25, pi. 12, ligs. 7 and 8, 1859.
Oobius lanceolatus, GC'NTUER, Cut., iii, 60, 1861,aud of uutliors; not of ISi.ocii.

ii

it

I

2230 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

J I

2558. OOBIUS O0EANICU8, Pnllas.

(ESMEHALDA; EnDOBMI l^MERAUDE; lUCALHAt) SABAKA.)

Head 4^ to 6; depth GJ to 8^; pye 4 to 5 iu head; veutral 6 to 6|;
]>e('torals 5| to 6.J. D. VI-14. A. I, 14 or 15; scales ahout 65. Body
extremely elongate ; head very short; upper part of opercle scaled, head
otherwise naked. Scales on body very small, bocoining much larger
behind. All the dorsal spines more or less filamentous ; caudal fin nearly
half length of rest of body. Skull behind eye broad and short, its length
1^ in width, no decided ridges nor crests; lateral crests large and stout
behind, minute forward ; interorbital aroa narrow, deeply grooved, with
a median ridge. Color in spirits, reddish olive; a distinct, round, black-
ish blotch below spinous dorsal, twice as large as orbit; an indistinct
dusky shade along middle of sides, terminating iu a dusky blotch on
base of caudal; middle of sides Avith a series of marks, formed by very
veiny lines widely diverging backward ; a similar narrow line from eye
to maxillary, and 1 from eye backward to upper angle of preopercle; evi-
dent traces of the emerald spot at base of tongue; 2.small dark spots on
first dorsal spine; spinous dorsal dusky, with a light and dusky streak at
base; soft dorsal dusky, a light (bluish in life) area behind each ray;
anterior rays barred with light and dark ; anal and ventrals whitish (prob
ably blue in lil'e), the ventrals without dark markings; pectorals dusky,
the base lighter, and with some indistinct dusky bars; a dusky half bai'
on the upper part of the axil; base of tongue tuberculate, and shinin;;
with bright blue and green rellectious like a precious stone (hence the
names smarag&us, cameralda, etc), this color lading in si»irits. Vertebrn
tdongate, 11 + 15 = 26. Length a foot. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts
of the United States and southward through the West Indies; not rare,
perhaps intergrading with the preceding. Here described from a speci-
men 11 inches long, taken by Dr. Gilbert in Charleston Harbor, {oeeaniciis,
ocean.)

Oobius Cauda lonuisiiima actiminata, Gkonow, Zooph., 82, No. 277, pi. 4, fig. 4, 1763, locality

unknown.
Oobius oeeanicut, Pallas, Spicilegia, vin, 4, 1769, locality unknown; aft«'r (InoNow; Joii

DAN & ElOEN.MA\N, I. C, 497.

(iobius lanceolatvs, Hloch, Fi.scho Deiitscblands, ii, 8, pi. 38, fig. 1, 1783, Martinique,

flguro probably from Pumiek; Cuviek & A'^alenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiati.. xu, 114,

1837; POEY, Synopsis, 393, 1868.
(lobivg baealaus, Cuvieb .fc Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poise., xii, 119, 1837, Surinam (Coll

LeValliant); Cayenne (Coll. Kicbard) ; Cuba (Coll. Poey).
0«6io/ieHK« oocajitcH*, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mub. 1882, 613; Jordan &. <iii,

BERT, Synopsis, 636, 1833.

Subgenus LYTHRYPNUS, Jordan \ Kveriiiann.
2550. CXHtlUS DALLI, (iilburt.

Head 3j ; depth 4^. D. VI-17; A. 14; scales 10. Body short, com-
pressed, resembling Microgohiiis. Head high, mouth moderate, very
oblique; upper pectoral riiya normal; scales ctenoid, of moderate si/c;
anterior dorsal spines muiih i>iodu«ed. Mouth very oblique, the maxillaiy

J

reaching

;^' diamete

distant, c;

ttioth. D

liirgest sp

last dorsa

dorsal rat

In ad; ven

r.iys not fr

trunk, wit

cous, and j

(iiir specim

liands not :

and faintci

uniting on

encircles t

portions, 1

and backwi

along iirofi

oliliquely d

cally down^

spinous doi

Several snn

3001, in 33 fs

Dall, in abo

type of a dis

of the body

(lohhis dalli, G
fornia (Col

(lannannia, J(
J'ni/pHiaa, Joh

Anterior h
small scales;
ill front. Vei
tor Mr. Saun
Comparative
contributioni

llAIt.MANNIA:

a. Scales mod

b. Scales

11

h

bb. Scale

d

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2231

leaching vertical from front of pupil, 2\ in length of head. Snout short,
ij diameter of orbit, which is 3 in liead. Jaws with an outer series of long,
distant, canine-like teeth, and an inner series or a narrow band of minute
tooth. Dorsal spines 6, the 2 anterior greatly elongate, not free, in our
largest specimen extending beyond middle of soft dorsal; membrane from
last dorsal spine reaching to, or nearly to, base of iirst soft ray; soft
dorsal rather high, the lin long; caudal rounded, less than length of
luad; ventrals free from belly, fully united; pectorals short, the upper
rays not free nor silk-like. Scales of moderate size, ctenoid, covering entire
trunk, with possible exception of the nape ; the scales are readily cadu-
cous, and are lacking on nape and frequently on anterior third of body in
(iiir specimens. Color light coral red, anteriorly with 4 to 6 narrow blue
hands not reaching A'entral outline, the posterior ones growing narrower
and fiiinter; a blue streak upward and backward, from each orbit, the 2
uniting on occiput; a transverse interorbital bar, a contimiation of which
cinircles the orbit anteriorly; below orbit, a blue bar consisting of 2
portions, 1 running downward and obliquely backward, the other upward
and backward; in the largest specimen a blue streak runs from occiput
along jirofile to front of dorsal; the first blue bar runs from nape
oliliquely downward and forAvard, ending on oporcle; the second verti-
cally downward from front of spinous dorsal, the third under middle of
spinous dorsal, the remaining bars under soft dorsal; fins unmarked.
Several small specimens, the largest 1 inch long, from Albatross Station
3001, in 33 fathoms. A single slightly larger example dredged by Dr. \V. II.
DiiU, in about 35 fathoms, off Catalina Harbor, California. Probably the
type of a distinct genus distinguished by the many-rayed fins and the form
of the body and head, (Named for its discoverer, William Healey Dall.)

(lohiui dalli, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 73, Albatross Station 3001, Lower Cali-
fornia (ColLJ^ J6a<ro««); Oatalina Harbor (Coll. W.H. Dall).

814. GARMANNIA, Jordan &, Evermann.

.'*:■

(Halk-nakei) Gobies.)

(lannannia, Jordan & Evermann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 495, pi. 49 (paradoxut).
Kttupnias, Jordan & Evermann, now subgouiis {seminudtts).

Anterior half of body naked; i)osterior half covered with moderate or
small scales; teeth rather strong, unequal, usually 2 small curved canines
ill front. Very small gobies. Otherwise essentially as in rJoftJHs. ("Named
for Mr. Saumel Garman, the a<'complished ichthyttlogist of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., in recognition of his imx)ortant
contributions to ichthyology.")

(lAKMANNIA:
a. ScalcB moderate.

b. Scales ctenoid, 13 or 14 series developed ; first dorsal spine filamentous ; D. VI-

11; A. 9. Body ratlitT robust, the depth about 4;| in length; the head 3J;

lower jaw witli 2 curved canines. I'Ahadoxa, 2560.

bb. Scales smaller, 17 scries developed; depth 4 J in length. D. VI-10; A. 8; first

dorsal spine not filamentous; lower jaw with small canines.

HEMIUYMNA, 2561.

MWPI

2232 Bulletm //, United States National Museum.

%

I

- !• .I'M

•rit

:;:i:|!:dlj:^

I .'ill 'I: I

Enypnias (eVujTuos, in one's sleep) :
aa. Scales excessively minute ; body slender, the depth 6 in length. D. VI-15 ; A. 10 ;
dorsal spines not filamentous; lower jaw with 2 small curved canines in front.

SEMINUUA, 2562.
Subgenus GARMANNIA.
2560. OAUMANMA PAUADOXA (Giinther).

Head about Z\ {\\ in total) ; depth about 4| (5f with caudal). D. VI-11 ;
A. 9; scales 11. Head nearly as broad as bigli, its width being rather
more thau \ of its length. Eyes rather dose tog«^ther, of moderate size.
Snout obtu8«>, rounded, as long as the eye; cleft of the mouth slightly
oblique, with the jaws equal in length, and with maxillary extending to
below middle of the eye. Teeth in villiform bauds; 2 curved caniu*;
teeth on each side of the lower jaw. Head and trunk entirely naked to
between second dorsal and anal, the remainder covered with ctenoid scales
of moderate size, 9 or 10 of them in 1 of the anterior transverse series.
First dorsal spine elongate, liliforui, sometimes extending to the base of
the caudal; caudal rounded, shorter than head; none of pectoral rays
silk-like; ventral terminating at a great distance from vent. Blaekisli
in spirits; caudal and ventral lins black, dorsal Hlament whitish. (Giin-
ther.) Panama to Mazatlau; searce. Our single specimen from the, estuary
at Mazatlau differs somewhat from Dr. Giinther's account. It is thus
described: Head 3^; depth 4^. D. VI-11; A. 9; scales 12; eye 4 in
head; snout 4J; pectoral 1,^ in head; dorsal spine 1!. Form of iloh'i-
OHoma boaci. Body comiiressed ; head broad and depressed, with tumi<l
cheeks; snout not very blunt, short, oblique-truncate; eyes rather large,
high, the maxillary not produced, extending to their posterior margin;
mouth large, oblique; lower jaw heavy, slightly projecting; teeth strong;
gill openings narrow, not wider than base of pectoral. First dorsal rather
higli, the lirst spine filamentous, reaching past soft dorsal; other fins low.
Head .lud ajiterior half of body to front of soft dorsal naked; scatteriiij,'
scales coming in above, 12 rows of imbricated slightly ctenoitl scales
along median line of caudal peduncle and forward to middle of soft dorsal,
the scaled area al>out as long as head, the upper parts bi'tter scaled than
lower. No Haps on sliouldcr girdle. 01ivac«'ous, with 7 or 8 dark cross
shades, 2 on head, 1 across gill openings, 1 behind pectoral, and a broad 1
below soft dorsal; dorsals dusky, the lilamentous I'ay i>ink; lower half
of soft dorsal yellowish, upper dusky; lower fins black; caudal dusky; a
dark speck at angle of opercbs; skin everywhere punctate with black; a
pale olive bar at base of caudal. Skull without median crest ; interorbital
space not concave; head not vi-ry abruptly widened behind eyes. Pacitic
coast of Mexico and Central America. One specimen, 1^ inches lonj;,
recently obtained on muddy bottoms among the mangroves lining tlie
estuary at Mazatlan. {paradoxnn, jtaradox.)

Oobiui paradoxus, GOnthek, I'roc. Zool. Soc. Lend. 1801, 3, west coast Central America;
GiJNTiiEH, Cat., HI, 549, 1861 ; JoKDAN tt Ki(;KNMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mu8. 1886, 4'JH.
Oarmannia paradoxa, Joudan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 18!)5, 497, pi. 59.

Jordan and Evcrmann. —Fishes of North America. 2233

2501. OABMANNIA HEMIOYXXA (Eigeninanu & Eigonmanu).

Head 3| (4^ in total) ; depth 4|. D. VI-10; A. 8; scales smallei" than in
Harmaiinia paradoxa, 17-7. Body compressed, depressed anteriorly, the

reatest depth in this specimen hoing at origin of anal and second dorsal
lias. Head wider than deep, ronnded; profile much decnrved from oye
to month as in paradoxa; oye perfectly round, smaller than in paradoxa,
11 ill rounded snout, 5 in head; interorbital space scarcely Avider than
orbit ; mouth sonu^what obliqne, larger than in paradoxa ; maxillary reach-
iipr beyond posterior rim of orbit; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper;
teeth in upper jaw in a baud, the outer series remote, and the teeth several
tiiiifis as largo as in the inner row, all more or loss movable; teeth in lower
jaw similar, a recurved canine on each side near the front. Scales very
weakly ctenoid, covc^rlng only the sides of tlie posterior half of body, not
extiuding quite to base of dorsal or anal fins even at their posterior inser-
tion ; the upper and lower edges of the caudal peduncle likewise free from
scales, the scaly region, however, widest on peduncle and tapering for-
ward to the central point opposite beginning of anal, where the scales are
siuallest. First spine of the dorsal not elongate as in H. paradoxa, H in
head, the third, fourth, and fifth spines slightly exceeding the first in
liei^lit, ecinaling the posterior rays of soft dorsal, which are little higher
than the anterior rays of the soft dorsal ; caudal rounded, about 4 in length
of body, li in head; ventral not reaching vent, \\ in head; pectorals
rounded, rather short and broad, IJ in head. Color light olivaceous, with-
out distinct markings, everywhere with minute dark punctulations ; 8
faint cross bars from dorsal to middle of sides, which, close under dorsal
fins, are formed of 2 blackish dots; 8 black dots along lateral line, the
last at base of caudal; fins all snuitty, the pectoral lightest, white on its
anterior half, 2 dusky spots at its base; opcrcle ashy; a light bar at base
of caudal; iris blackish blue, a short straight streak of eame color from
eye to upper lip ; an irregular l)luish mark on checks formed of i)unctula-
tious closely crowded. West Indies, exact locality unknown; taken with
the (hedge. {ijut,\ia\i', yvuvoi, naknA.)

(hlnus honigymims, Ekiknjiann & EiuENMANN, rroo. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1S88, 66, dredged in
the West Indies.

Subgenus ENYPNIAS, .Tordiin it Evornianu.

2502. «ARMAXM\ SEMIMIDA (Giinther).

i

|]:

i

lenca;
lO, 408.

Head 4; depth 6. D. VI-15; A. 10. Head and anterior portion of trunk

naked: sides with exceedingly small scales, becoming somewhat larger

I posteriorly. Head with the cheeks swollen, depressed, broader than high,

i its width f length. Eyes close together, directed upward, of moderate

size; snout obtuse, as long as the eye; cleft of the mouth slightly obliciue,

with the jaws equal anteriorly, and with the maxillary extending to below

[the middle of tlu* eye. Teeth in villilbrm bands, the anterior of the lower

jaw slightly enlarged; 2 small curved canine teeth on each side of lower

ijiiw. Dorsal fins rather low, the hind part of the spinous dorsal scarcely

jlower than anterior; caudal rounded, as long as pectoral ; none of pectorrl

3030 63

W i?

2234 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

rays Bilk-like ; ventral rather abort, terminating at a great diHtanoe from
vent. Blackish ; fins and aides of bead dotted with black ; ventrals bluck.
(Giinther.) Panama; not seen by us; probably the type of a distinct
genus, {svminudua, half-naked.)

Qohiut «e»iinM<?w», GOnther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1861, 3, west coast Central America ;
Ci Ontiieh, C'iit., ni, r)54, 1861 ; Jobdan &. Eioenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1886, 408.

1

i'f

'm

¥m

815. AWAOUS, Stcindachner.

Aivaovs* Steindachnkk, Verb. Mat. Phys. Naturw. 18(H), 289 j after Jc.s- Atvaoua of Ccviek

it Valknciennes {onillarin, etc).
Chonophorns, J'oey, MeniorinH, n, 274, 1861 {buccelentug ■■taiasica).
Awaoxis, ISleekku, EHcjiiiHse tl'iui Syst. Nat. Oobioidcs, 320, 1874 (ooellarU) ; after Us

Awaovi of CuviEii &. Valenciennes.

Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or more conspicuous dermal Haps ;
preorbital region very long ; premaxillary and maxillary strong ; lips thick ;
scales rather small, ctenoid, 40 to 80 in a longitudinal series; interorbital
groove with a conspicuous median crest ; otherwise essentially as iu GobiuK.
The species reach a large size and are confined to the fresh waters of tbo
tropics of America and the Hawaiian Islands. The Asiatic apecics of sim-
ilar habit have much larger 8( ales and seem to form a distinct genus, Rhino-
gohins, Gill. The physiognomy in each is peculiar, the snout being long
and convex. {Awaou, a Hawaiian name.)

a. Scales about 53, little crowded anteriorly, 21 before dorsal on nape ; depth >5S in Icngtli ;
head 4; eyes pliiced high, interorbital area equal f" dianii'tor of eye; nioutb hov-
izontul; maxillary extending to middle of eye, ' 1 head, lower, jaw more Hat
tlian in A.taiasica ; teetli small, in narrow band.s, ilioseof the outer row above
enlarged, some large teeth in band of lower Jaw. D. VI-1, 12; A.I, 10. Uniform
yellowish in spirits. flavus, 256:i.

aa. Scales 60 to 70, crowded anteriorly, about 30 scales before the dorsal on nai)i'|
l)ody compressed posteriorly, rather depressed anteriorly; greatest depth .IJ in
length; head 34 in length Olivaceous, a series of irregular, roundish blotches
alongmiddlo of sides; narrow dark streaks radiiitingfroni eye; a blackish streak
running across upper margin of opercle and extending obli(iuely across base of
upi)er pectoral rays; belly wliite; dorsal and caudal more or less distinctly
barred with wavy blackish lines.
h. About 15 scales between second dorsal and base of anal. nelsoni, 25(i4.

hb. About 21 scales between second dorsal and base of anal. taiasica, 20(i5.

aaa. Scales 76 to 82 ; 24 scales between second dorsal and anal ; head as broad as lii^h:
depth of body 63 in lengtli ; head 4 ; head Hat above, snout elongate, upper pro-
file obli<|ue; eye J of Iioad, equals interorbital area (in adult); mouth hori/.mi-
tal; loworjaw included ; maxillary reaching to below anterior margin of eyi\
teeth of the outer series enlarged ; canine teeth none ; scales ctenoid, those cm
napo and anterior jiart of body very small; head naked; dorsal fins lower
than body, none of the spines ])roduced; caudal rounded, 7 in length of boily.
Yellowish olive; back and sides reticulated with blackish; head, dorsal, cau-
dal, and pectoral fins dotted with blackish, the s])ots forming streaks on secfjiid
dorsal; 6 cross series of dots on the caudal; an irregular small blackish spot
on the upper part of the root of pectoral. D. VI-U ; A. 11 ; scales about 80.

MEXICANUS, 2'M.

* The name " Les Awaous," given to this group by Valenciennes, was a French ]iliiral,
not a generic appellation, and if used as the name of a genus must be dated from its usi^ in
that 8(ui8e by Stoindachuer or Hleeker. The Hawaiian typeof'^lM'aoM*" agrees with tlu'
American species (Chonophorug) in the character of the naps on the shouuler girillc, as
well as in general a|)i)earance. The Asiatic genus, Rhinogohm.i, (Jill (nuiilis), seems to
be very closu to Uhonophoruit, but the scales are larger, 28 in the lateral series.

1 ■ : : ,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2235

2608. AWAOUS FLAVL'S (Cavlor Sc Valoucleniies).

Tloiull; depth 5| to 6^ ; oye equal to tb«) iuterorbitiilwhltli, placed higli.
D. Vl-I, 12; A. 1, 10; Hcales about 53 to 55, littlo crowded anteriorly, 21
bol'ore the dorsal. Mouib borizoutal, maxillary oxteudiug to middle of
eye, '1\ in head; lower Jaw ilattor than in Awaona taiaaica; teeth small, in
ii.iirow bauds, those of the outt^r row enlarged; some large teeth in band
of lower jaw. Yellowish, with a row of faint ocollatcd spots along middle
of sides; dorsal and caiulal faintly barred; lines radiating from eye, a
lino along operclo halfway to pectoral, sometimes uniform blue-black.
Kivers of Surinam antl Brazil, south to Bahia. (Jlavim, yellow.)

GuhlwifiavuB, CuviKK & Vai-enciennes, llist. Nat. Poiss., xii, CO, 1837, Surinam ; GUnthkh,

Cut. Fish., in, 13,1861.
Chitnuphorua flavus, Jobdan &. Eioenmann, I. c, 500; Eioenmann & Eigbnmann, I. c, 67.

2564. AWAOUS NKLSOM, Evermann.

l[ead3J; depth 6; eye 5 J in head; snout 3; maxillary 2|. D. VI-11; A.
11 ; scales about 63. IJody long, compressed and tapering posteri(U'ly ; head
lame, quadrate, mouth nearly horizontal, l()W«!r jaw included; snout
abruptly deeurved; top of head Hat, the interorbital with a slight median
groove with a thin, raised edg(» on each side ; maxillary reaching about to
vcitical of anterior edge of i»iipil; teeth in bands (m jaws very small,
the outer somewhat enlarged; pectoral rays normal, the longest \l in
Iliad; ventrals completely united, the disk fret) from btdly, IJ in h<;ad.
Dorsal tins separated by a space alxmt f diameter of eye; dorsal spines
slt'iuler, weak, about 1:| in head; soft dorsal and anal similar, each free
from caudal; caudal iiu rather short and rounded, its middle rays about
\yu\ head. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus; <'yes mod-
erate, high up, the interorbital width equal to the eye's diameter. Scales
ctenoid, very small and irregularly crowded anteriorly, much larger pos-
teriorly, about 15 rows counting from origin of soft dorsal downward and
backward to the anal fin; head naketl, but with slight indication of a
lew minute embedded scales on operdes. CoU)r grayish; head mottled
and blotched with dark; aide with 7 or 8 black blotches, the largest
iiudcr middle of pectoral fin ; dorsals pale, crossed by several lines of bla(^k
spots; caudal pale, with about 6 or 7 dark cross bars; ventrals and anal
])ale; pectorals pale, dusted with dark specks and with a small dark
blotch at base of upper rays. Close to A, iaiasica, but with broader inter-
orbital, longer snout and larger scales on posterior part of body. Length
\ inches. Known only from fresh water at Kosario, Sinaloa, where 8 speci-
mens were obtained July 27, 1897, by Mr. E. W. Nelson. (Named for Mr.
Kdward William Nels(m, the well-known ornithologist, in recognition of
his work upon the fishes of Illinois in 1876.)

Awamts nelsoni, Evermann, Proc. IJiol. Soc. Washington, vol. xn, 1898, 3, fresh-water
pools at Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico. (Type, Xo. 4H83C, V. S. Nat. Mus.; cotypos. No.
533 U. S. riah Conim., 5793 L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus., and 48837 U. S. Nat. Mus.)

m

( 1

223C Bulletin 47, United States National Museum,

2505. AWAOIJS TAIAHICA (LioUtousteiii).

(fil'AVINA IIoVEUA; AHOMAUBRIO.)

•m

IloadSi; depth 5J^; «yo Hiuall, less than iutorurbital witUh (in adnlt),
3 iu Huont (twice in yoiinj^), Jiud about 7 in lioiid. D. VI-11; A. 11; scaU-s
60 to 70, crowded anteriorly, about 30 before doraul flu, 21 between Hecoud
dorual and aniil. I3ody compressed posteriorly, ratlusr deprcsaed anteri-
orly; bead broader than deep. Distance from eye to mouth 3A iu bead,
the preorbital beinj^ much enlarged; mouth larjje, horizontal, maxillary
extending to below anterior part of orbit in adult male, shorter in young;
lower jaw included. Teeth of the upi)er jaw in 2 series, those in anterior
series much enlarged and recurved; teeth of lower jaw in a narrow baud,
the outer series scarcely enlarged. Inner edge of the shoulder girdle witli
2 or 3 rathi'r long i»apillie, IJody covered with ctenoid scales, mucli
reduced in size anteriorly; nape closely sealed, breast sealy, head naked.
Dorsal tins less than depth of body, the spines scarcely tilanicutous, not
as long as the soft rays; caudal rounded, shorter than the head; ventrals
very broad and short, 1 A to 1* in bead, the rays very much branched. Skull
rounded beJiind, with a very short crest in its mi<ldle; lateral crests high
and thin, converging into 1 opposite the insertion of 8ux>rascapnla,
inner crests not meeting behind eyi', the outer ones extending around
orbit. A low, blunt ridge between the posterior corners of orbit, becom-
ing much higher forward, continued as the ethmoid and ending abruptly
some distance iu .advance of orbit. Teeih iu upper jaw in a few series,
those of outer series many times larger than the others, which are minute;
those of lower jaw all alike small, in a band. Olivaceous, Avith a series of
irregular, roundish blotches along middle of side, and narrow dark streaks
radiating from eye; a blackish streak running across upper margin of
oi)ercle and extending oblicxuely across base of upper pectoral ray; belly
Avhite ; dorsal and caudal more or less distinctly barred with wavy blackish
lines, licngtli a foot or more. Extremely variable in form and coloration,
as is the case with most widely distributed fresh-water fishes. Fresh
waters of the West Indies and both coasts of Mexico, south to Brazil; com-
mon in Cuba, in Sinaloa, and about La Paz iu Lower California, thence
southward to Panama, (taiasica, Brazilian name of some other goby.)

Amove guaeu, Maucgbave, Hist. Brasil., 166, 1648, Brazil.

Gobius taiasica, Lichtenstein, 15erl. Abliiiiull., 27.3, 1822, Brazil ; not Tajatica MAncoRAVE.

Ovbiim banana, CvMEB, & A'alenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 103, 1837, San Domingo ;

GCnther, Cat., m, 59, 1861.
Oobius martinicus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 105, 1837, Martinique.
Ohonophorus bticeulentus, Poey, Memorias, n, 275, 1861, Cuba.
lihinogobius contractus, * Poey, Memorias, u, 424, 1861, Cuba ; Poey, Euitnieratio, 125, \Hh

* The following are the characters assigned to Awaous contractus (Poey): Head 4;
depth 5i; D. VI-11; A. 11; eye 7 in head; maxillary ceasing J an eye's diameter be lore
eye. Head smaller than in ^1. faia«tca. (ireenish brown; the cheek's with brown Htios:
body with brown points; dorsals brownish, with brown longitudinal bands more niinier-
oils on the second; caudal with 7 brown l)ands, made of lanc^colatc spots on the ravs:
l)ectoral8 speckled; ventrals and anal rose color. Cuba (Poey); probably not ditlcivnt
from A taiasiea; said to differ in the small mouth, which probably varies with ago iiud
sex.

I

'W:^

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2237

i,i,6i'»« doliehoeephalus, Coi'E, Trans. Amor. Philos. Soo. Phila. 1869, 408, near Orizaba,

Mexico.
In.tinogobiunlatu*, O'SnAUfiiiNESSY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Scries 4, xv, 1875, 140, Bahia.

((Joll. Dr. WnclH^rer.)
rli'mophoruii taiasica, Jordan A- Eioknmann, I.e., 500.

2506. AWAOUS MKXU'AXUS (Giintlior).

ire.ul 4; depth 6ij ; eye 8. D. VI-11; A. 11; scales 76 to 82, 24 between
se( oiiil dorsal and anal. Head as broad as deep, Hat above, snout elon-
I'litf, upptT profile oblique; month horizontal, lower jaw included, nuix-
illiiry reaching to below anterior margin of eye. Teetli of the outer
scries enlarged; no canine teeth. Scales ctenoid, those on nape and
iiiiterior part of body very small; head naked. Dorsal fins lower than
(l(]>ili of body, none of the spines produced; caudal rounded, 7 iu leugth
of liody. Yellowish olive; back and sides reticulated with blackish;
lieail, dorsal, caudal, and pectoral lins dotted with blackish, the spots
fi)iiiiin}i mtreaks on second dorsal; 6 cross series of dots on caudal;
nil irregular, small blackish spot on the upper part of the base of the pec-
tonil. ((liinther.) Fresh-water streams of the eastern slope of Mexico;
known to us only from Dr. Giinther's description.

Oobhi.i mexicamis, Gt*NTHEK, Cat., ui, 61,1861, Mexico.
Chnni'phorus mexicanut, Jordan &. Eioenmann, I. c, 501.

8i6. BOLLMANNIA, .Jordan.

BolbiKinnia, Jordan, Proc. U. S.Nat. Mas. 1889, 164 (chlamydes).

Tills genius differs from Lejndogobiu8 by having no fleshy processes on
iiineiedge of shoulder girdle, the interorbital area of skull narrower and
witlioiit trace of median keel, and by very large ctenoid scales. From
GobhiH proper it is distinguished by the presence of 7 dorsal s))ines and by
tlie jiiesence of large scales on the cheeks. Species inhabiting the depths
of the Pacific; not found iu shoal watcsrs as is the case with most other
gobies. ("I have named this species in honor of my late colleague, Mr.
C'haflea Harvey Bollnian, whose untimely death, while engaged in the
exploration of the rivers of Georgia, took place while this paper was pass-
ing tlirough the press." — Jordan.)

a. * A conspicuous black spot on posterior portion of si)inous (lor.sal. Body deep, tlie
least depth of caudal i>edunclo greater than diameter of orbit.

b. Filani(;ntou8 dorsal spines very long, reacliing beyond middle of soft dorsal

when depressed. Lov/er caudal rays black; dorsal 8i)ot conspicuously
0(:ellated. Eye large, 3 to 3J in head. ocellata, 2507.

bb. Filamentous ilorsal spines shorter. Lower caudal rays not bl.-ick, and dorsal
spot not ocelLate*!. Eye smaller, 3^ to 4 i)i head. chlamydes, 2568.

aa. ^■o black spot on spinous dorsal. Body slender, the depth J the hingth. Least
depth of caudal peduncle not greater than diameter of orbit.

c. Head large, 3 to 3J in length. No black spot at base of caudal. Pins low.

MACKOI'OSIA, 2569.

cc. Head smaller, 3 J in length. A black spot at base of caudal. Fins higher.

STIOMATURA, 2570.

' This analysis of species is taken from Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1801, 555.

t

Ir

I !

2238 Bulletin //, United States National M^isetim.

:1

w

2507. BOLLMAXNIA OOKLLATA, Gilbert.

HwadS^to '6\ in length; depth 4^. D. VII-14 or 15; A. 14; scales 27.
Very close to liollmnnnia chlami/des, differing from the latter constantly
in the following respects: The eye is larger, 3 to 3i^ in head (3| to 4 in
chiamydei:; ; the fllamcntous rays of spinons dorsal are much longer, reach
ing in adults, when laid back, to or nearly to end of base of soft dorsal,
1^ to Ijt times length of head; rarely the I'lamentous dorsal rays arc littlf
more elongate tuan in chlatnydes. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw,
the outer series in upper jaw, and both outer and inner .serios in lower
jaw enlarged, but not canine-like; maxillary not reaching vertical from
middle of pupil, i length of head; iuterorltital width loss than i diamct« r
of pupil; opercle short, its length being less than the diameter of tlio
eye; pectorals nearly as long as head, a trille more than length of \eii-
trals, which scarcely reach vent; caudal much longer than head in adults,
7 or 8 scales before dorsal. Black spot on posterior part of spinous dorsal
jet black, conspicuously ocellated with white; a black streak along lower
margin of caudal, including several <.f the lower rays, and running from
base to tip of fln; no dusky bars visible on sides in any of the types;
fins dusky; membranes uniting outer rays of ventrals white instead of
black, as in chlamydea; no black spot at base of caudal; bran(!hiostegal
membrane with a medial black streak; anal blackish. Numerous spec i-
meiis from the northern part of the Gulf of California, at Albatross Sta-
tions 3031 and 3035, in 30 and 33 fathoms. This species may vary 'nto the
typical rhlaviyih'f. but the materia' before us does not justify us in so
identifying ;t. (^ ili)ert.) (oce/Zai'MS, ocellated.)

Jiollmannia ocellata, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mud. 1891, 555, Gulf of California.

\ j . I ; '

2508. BOLLMANXIA CHLAHYDES, Jordan.

Head 3.V (5 to 5^^ in total) ; depth 4i (fij to 7). D. VII-15; A. 15 ; scales in ;i
longitudinal perics about 28, 8 or 9 in a cross series at vent. Body rather
robust, compressed; head large and heavy, its profile evenly curv«Ml;
mouth very large, oblique, the lower jaw ]»rojectiug; maxillary reachiii},'
to opposite ^upil, 2i to 2f in head; teeth small, sharp, iu several series,
the outer, especially in lower jaw, somewhat enlarged; eye longer tbaii
rtnout, 'S'} to 4 in head; interorbital an^a very narrow, <'oneave, its Ica.st
width about ^ of eye or almost equal to pupil; scales very large, ctenoid;
litth. ""dnccd on brijast and nape; about 8 before dorsal, v here they are
little smaller than on body; top and sides of head with large scales;
sea es on cheek in 4 rows; 2 rows on upper ])art of opercle; the scales
on head lo."t in some of the specimens; dorsal spines slender, filauientoiis,
fifth longest, 1! in hi'ad; first 2 in head, last 3} to 4 ; first soft dorsal ra\
2* i'l h'3a(I, the antepenultimate longest and about equal »^o hea<l; first
au.-il ray 6((ral to snout, the antepenultiuiate 1^^ in head; middle c.nuial
rays very long, somewhat more than V length of body; ]iectorals 1! in
head; ventials 1^. Color olivaceous, darkest above; scales with a lew
black dots, soi le of the posterior occasionally dark edged; sides witli
8 or 10 obscure dusky vertical bars, which are narrower than the inter-

m-mm

t , :.v«ffi:

Jordan and Evermami. — Fishes of North America. 2239

spaces and iu some specimens wholly obsolete; snout bluish; operdes
with 11 (lark shade ; lips, gular region, and anterior l»ranchio8te<j:al8 very
dark in males; upper part of spinous dorsal darkest, with a few liu;hter
diirk-ed"e(l oviil spots, a well-marked black blotch between last 2 spines;
soft dorsal dusky, usually with about 3 well-developed rows of lighter,
(lark-edged oval spots; anal dusky, crossed by 2 narrow bluish streaks;
some of the last rays occasionally with a few spots similar to those on
dorsal- caudal, pectorals, and ventrals dusky, tinged with blue; ventrals
ed<'ed with pale. Length 4| inches. West coast of Colombia. Many
specimens of this abundant species were dredged at Albatross Stations
2S00 in 7 fathoms aiul 2805 in 5U fathoms. (^Aa/ivS?/?, cloaked.)

lidllmamna rhlami/den, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 164, Pacific Ocean, off coast
of Colombia, Station 2800, 8<3 51' N., 79° 41' 30" 'W., and Station 2805, 7° 56' N., 79°
41' 30" W. (Type, No. 41158, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.)

2500. BOLLMANNIA MACBOPOMA, Gilbert.

Head 3 to 3A; depth 5. D. VII-14; A. 14; scaler. 28. Characterized by
its slender form, low tins, large oporcle, and coni)iaratively plain colora-
tion. Caudal peduncle correajmndingly slender, its least height equaling
diameter of eye. Head very large and heavy; oporcle conspicuously
laiger than in li. oeellala, agreeing in this respect more nearly with
/.'. rhlamydcs', dentition as iu other species of the genus; eye large, Sf
to ii} in the head. Dorsal spines slender, comparatively little produced, tlic
longest usually not reaching the base of the lirst ray of second dorsal, and
never beyond tlie base of the second or third ray; soft <lor«al and anal
low, the posterior rays usually not reaching the rudimentary caudal rays
wlien depressed, about i length of head; pectoral long, extending beyond
front of anal; the Acntrals to or nearly to vent; middle caudal rays pro-
duced as usual, varying in length" ; acales S to 10 iu front of dorsal. Color
ill spirits, liglit brownish, the sides witlx 3 vertical dusky bars; 8i)inous dor-
sal dusky, l>ut without distinct black spot; caudal slightly dusky, with
riitliei- large elliptical light spots, as iu li. chlamydea, the lower rays not
Idack and no black spot at its base; ventrals blackish, including anterior
inenibrane; second dorsal and anal dusky, without evident light spots;
liranchiostegal momliranes sometimes slightly dusky, butnot black. Mauy
spei linens from tlieOulf of California.jiist north of l.a Paz Hay, at .H/ki/ .i'<8
Station 2S)9G, in 112 fathoms. (Oilbert.) (;/«w/3o?, large; fftuz/d, opercle.)

Ildlhiiannia mncropoi»a, ( JiLiiKnT, Proc. V . S. Nat. Muh. 1891, SnC, Albatross Station 2996,
near La Paz, Lower California.

2570. KOLLMANMA STIOMATIJKA, Gilliert.

Head short, 3!j iu length; depth 5; least depth of <audal peduncle
slightly less than diameter of i^ye; eye large, 2* in head. D. \' 11-15;
A. 14; lateral lJn(^28. Dorsal sjiiues (ilanientous, longer than in J{. macro-
;u)ma. the longest reaching liase of lifth to seventh ray of soccuui dorsal;
posterior rays of second dorsal and anal often reacliing base of median
rays when depressed ; pectorals not reaching beyond I'rout of uual. Color

I/.

if

if

Wfum

mmmB

n

2240 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

almost unifonn liglifc brownish; lips biaclc, the fins only slightly dusky,
tho caudal with olliptical light spots; a roundish dusky spot at base of
caudal; briinchiosteg.-il incniT)ranes not black. Miiny 8j>ecimens from tht
northern part of the Gulf of (Jfllifornia, at Albatross Stations 301G and 3017.
in 76 and 58 fathoms. This species a,i(r«^c8 with /ioUnunniia macropoma ii'
its elongate form, comparatively low fins, and in the absence of a black spoi
on the spinous dorsal. It dilfers conspioiKiusly in the very short heinl
and Tiarrow opercle, and in tho presence of n black spot at base of tail.
Tho ey»^ is also larger and the (I lis higher. Ntnie of tho Bi)ocimens shows
dusky bars on the sides, a conspicuous feature hi It. maci-opoma. (Gilbertc /
(dr/y/ia, spot; ovpd, tail.)

ISolliiHinnia utirfiiialuia, (iii.HEUT, PfOO, IT. B, Nill. Mii.s. 1891, 556, Gulf of California, Alba-
tross Stations 3016, 3017.

817. ABuMA, Jordan & Starks.

Aboma, .lonoAN & Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1895, 497 (ethfostnma).

This genus, .'illied to MivrogohUis, is distingnished by the large, ctenoiil
scales, which cover the body; head naked, rather long, pointed in profile;
the month moderate, not very oblique ; teeth rather strong. Dorsal sjiim
more than 0, none of them filamentous; .soft dorsal and anal short; no 11a ]is
on shoulder gi.Jle. Crauiiim with a slight median crest. (The nani(
Aboma is used by the Sloxioans in Sinaloa as synoaymous witli goby.)

h. SideH wifli ajofbliic

?i proiile
k laferal

baud; I'MUilal with dark tross bars; maxillnry 3

a. SciiloH vory large, ^6 or 27; proiile not very 8toei>, the snout rather pointed.
leH witi

llBHil. ETHEOSTOMA, 2571.

hh. HidcH will) 4 olilii|ii(i d.'irk crnsH liars ; a largndark spot at base of caudal; iiiouDi
liir^or, tho iiiaxilhe y 2 in liead. M'ciiETi.Ti. 257 '.

rtii. Scales amnllor, ahimt 117; profiio very Hteop, tlie anuiit rounded; aides with nuiiu i
ous pule cross blends with darker spots. CBUjUiTA, 257:!

iiS71. AIIUMA KTIIEOSTUMA, Jordan & Starks.

TTeadiH; dejiIJi n. U Vlfl-ll; A. 10; scales 26; longest dofsa! spine Ij
in head; eye 3; snout Ij ma.'cillary 3. IJody long and low, moderateiv
depressed and pointed forward. Scales large, <teiiold behind, mme on
head, those on nape and 1 oily much reduced. Mouth moderate, terminal,
moderately obliijiie; flic maxillary reaching middle of pupil; Jaws siili
e(|uul, (U- tho lower a little the longer; teeth rather strong. No flaps mi
shoulder girdle. tMiiuiuiu with a sliglit median crest. Intcrorbital riiJi:'
not hoUowcil out; skull not iibnijifly widened behind. Color olivaceon .
side with ;i very Itroad ,|«t-blie|i liileral band, 3 times interrupted by mI
very; caudal white, with t< shaped ban<ls, growing progressively faint ii
behind; pectoral mottled gray, with a Jet-black obliijue crescent towanl
its base surrounding a large yellow spot: side of hc;i(l with 4 round gri
spots sepa lilted by black, the largest below eye, with a black streak U-
fore it; first dorsal Jet-bliick, second mottled, the produced spine with
yellowish; ventral and anal pah'. A single small speciinou, 1^ inches lon^;,

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2241

fouiul in tlio nmd on ii shallow bottom in the Aatillero at Mazatlan.
(Elhrostoma, a darter, which this species strongly resembles.)

[homa ethcoKtoma, Jokdan & Stauss, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 498, jtl. 50, Mazatlan. (Coll.
noiikins Expedition to Mazatlan.)

2572. ABOMA LUCRE TT.F ^Eigenmann Jt Eigeiiniann).

Hca.l :^V in lenjj;th; depth 5^. D. VII-10; A. 12; scales 28-8. Body-
si i"-htly <<>mpresBed posteriorly; head little wider than high; eye placed
lii.r]i its diameter equaling length of snout, 4|^ in head; profile little
dtMiirved; month large, ohlicine; maxillary extending below posterior
iiiaviiiii of orbit, 2 ia liead; intermaxillarj' anteriorly ou a level with cen-
ter of i>"ipil; teeth all recurved, lirge, those of np])er jaw in a narrow
liiuiil; teeth of outer and inner series enlarged, those of lower jaw similar,
liiiMest in front. No dermal flaps ou shoulder girdle. Scales large, very
vciklv rtenoid, becoming cyebild and very much crowded above and
ImIow i)cct(tral ; head, breast, ;in(i auterlDr [lart of na])e naked. As seen
lliioindi a lens, these regions seem to be covered with minute eml)edded
simIch; this oflfeci is, no doilhl, title (o llglit retinuhitions on a darker
-ruiiid. Dorsal spijies hleuder, not iilamenfous; caudal pointed, !{ in
liiiiitli of I'ody; veiitrals l) in head; pectorals longer than head. Color
1;. lit brownish, with I ol)li(|ne dark cross bars as wide as interspaces; 4
nil rower traus\ crso bare on nape and back ; a large dusky spot at base of
iiiiidal; ni)]ier Jialf of base of pectoral bl:i<k; a black spot on opercle,
III iijiined lielow and behind with silvery; fins dusky. Pearl Island, (Julf
III' j'linania; only 1 specimen known. (Named for Mrs. Lucretia M. Smith
nl San I'iego, mother of Mrs. Eigenmaun.)

2573. AHOMA (IIKJUITA (lonkii.s & Evermaini).

II. idSHoSi; deptji lAt<^4J. D.VII-11; A. 10; eye i'| in head in adult
\ ill .vouug; settjeS ftTf-17. Body ratlier stout, compressed; head short,
siiiiicwhat depressed, widened behind orbits; snout short and narrowly
KHiiidcd; protilo \\\ front of eye very steep, less so to occiput, and nearly
Hiiaiglit from theiM! to caudal fin; eyes moderate, well nj- ; interorbital
HpiK t' very narrow, h'ss than eye; greatest width of liend equaling greatest
diliili of body. Top of head, opcrcles, and s]).ice in fimil of dorsal naked,
rest of ImiIj' covered with Hiiiajl, strongly ctenoid scales, which increase
ill si/.c \\\H\\i tlio caudal peduncle. >S|dnons dorsal wiJi its fust spine (ila-
iiicntons in adult, much longer than head and reaching middle of soft
ddiHil (Ills tilament wanting in ytuing; distance from snout to origin of
splinais dorsal a liltici more than j^ distance t(» liast* of caudal; second dor-
-inl but slightly separated from spinous, its origin about midway of total
Iriifilli of fisli ; aiiitl of about (lie same shape and size as soft dorsal, but
liefiiiiiiing a little behind i( ; jjcctorals tapering, about e(|naling head in
liiigtli, their tips not rea<hiiig origin of anal, but to origin .)f soft dorsal;
viiitrals united, free from belly, liiserdwl beJilml pectorals, but t leir ti]»8
not reaching tips of peclofals. 'I'eeth appariiutly In » Hiiigle serijs, small
and wciiK, 'iKMijid color Jjule yellowish, thickly mottled with fine pnm-

I i

^mmm

2242 • Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

tulatious of (lark; about 7 pretty well-defined larger spots of dark brown
.'ilong middle of side; 8 or 9 faint cross bars of lighter, a number of small
light si>ots scattered irregularly over the sides ; head dark ; dorsal, anal,
and ventral fins covered with fine black points; in some specimens the
dorsals and anal quite dark ; pectorals plaimsr; caiidal similar toventrals;
"the cranium is depressed and fiattish behind the orbits, without distinct
median keel on occiput or on interorbital area. The form of the head is
as in typical (iohins, the occiput abruptly widened behind the eyes; the
ridges also simii",r, the orbital ridge bounding the orbit behind as well as
above the eye and joining the temporal ridge laterally." (Gilbert MS.)
Length 1 to 2 inches. Gulf of California; abundant. The original de-
scription from young examples, here corrected in accordance with Dr.
Gilbert's notes on many adnlts taken by him at La Paz. (Spanish,
ohiquUo; a diminutive of chico, a little one.)

Oobivs chiquita, Jenkins <t Evermann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 146, Guaymas, Sonora.
(Type, No. 39634. Coll. Jenkins &. Evermann.)

8i8. MICROGOBIUS, Poey.

Mieroffobius, Poey, Enunieratio, 127, 1875 (.gignatut).

Dorsal spikes 7 or 8; scales very small, cycloid or weakly ctenoid, the
body scaled anteriorly as well as i)OHt('riorly, the head naked, the nape,
belly, and breast usually so. Inner edge of shoulder girdle withoutfleshy
processes; body more or less compressed; mouth largo, very obliqtu?; the
lower jaw conspicuous, teeth strong; interorbital groove with or without
a median ridge. Vertebric 11+15 or 16. (/«?r/jd?, small; (lobiiis.)

a. Scales about 42. Body elouj^iite, uiodorately coinpressed, the deptli 4 to .'> in length ;
head long and large, ratber sliarp in profile, 3 to 34 in body ; eye longer tban snout,
4 in head; mouth largo, very obliiine, the lower Jaw strongly projecting; maxil-
lary 1§ to 2§ in head, extending to opposite middle of eye, or much beyond front
of orbit; teeth in few series, tlie outer very long and slender, curved, the lower
longest, none canine-like ; scales small, some of them with short, thick teeth, those
of anterior part of body not well devciloped ; dorsal spines more or less filamentous,
the third and fourtli or fourth and fifth sometimes with long tilaments; caudal
pointed, about as long as liead. Grayish olive, with rather sharply-defined
markings of darker brown overlaid with orange in life; head with a pale bluish
or gilt stripe from maxillary backward across suborbital region to upper edge
of gill opening; another pale gilt streak from snout along lower jiart of eye,
another from angle of mouth upward and bac^kward ; rest of head dark: opercle
with an obliiiuc bla(;kisb bar; top of head and najic with dark marbling sur-
rounded by ])aler retieiilatioiis; back with aseries of black cross blotchos mostly
separated on tlie median line; 2 narrower dark vertical bars behind pectoral;
middle line of side poateriorly witli longitudinally oblong black blotches ; besides
these, numerous other blotches not regularly arranged; first dorsal with 2or3
obli(|U(t black bands; second dorsal pale, with about 4 series of black dots; can
dal spotted witli black; ]!ectoral yellowisli; ventral black its center yeliowish
(male) ; anal jmh'. D. ¥11-15; A. 10 or 17. 0UL0SC8, 2574.

aa. Scales about 50 ; snout not pointed; deptli 5^ in length; mouth largo, the maxillary
2i in head; teeth strong. Color yolIoAvisli, much dotted, but without bars.

BULKPI8, 2575.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2243

aaa. Scales 65 or more.

&. Caudal lin more than \ (l) length of hody. Scales very small, cycloid, decidu-
ous. Body elongate, much compressed, highest in front of ventrals,
tapering regularly to the very narrow, short caudal peduncle ; greatest
depth 4 J iu length ; head 3§. Ilead compressed, much higher than wide ;
snout very short, acute, preorbital not as wide as pupil ; moutli terminal,
very wide and obli(iue ; jawsecxual; maxillaryreaching vertical from mid-
dle of orbit, 2 in head. Outer series of teeth enlarged. Eye 3 in head.
Dorsals closely contiguous; spines very slender, the fifth sliglitly jiro-
duced and fll.ameutous ; pectorals as long as head. Head and body trans-
lucent, overlaid by brilliant green luster, formed bj' minute, close-set green
lioints ; 3 conspicuous translucent Imrs wider than the interspaces, cross-
ing body close behind head; head with 2 brilliant narrow blue and green
lines running obliquely across cheek below eye; dorsal whitish, with 2
or 3 lengthwise series of large reddish-brown spots; spinous dorsal black-
ish at base, upper caudal rays ma'ked with red, the lower portion of
caudal and most of the anal fin blackish, anal whitish at base, the auttv
rior rays tipped with white. In spirits, body dusted with dark points;
2 light cross bars toward head; lower part of caudal and anal blaok.

D. VII-16; A. 15. THALASSINCS, 2570.

hh. Caudal fin loss than J length of hody. Scales small, cycloid, embedded. Body
very much compressed, more or less elongate, greatest deptii at ventrals
4 (female) to CJ (male) in length ; head 3J to 4. Head much compressed,
much deeper than wide. Snout very short, acute, the anterior profile not
decnrved, not steep; jtreorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth very large,
very oblique or almost vertical ; maxillary extending to below ]mpil, 2 in
head (iu male, 2Jiu female). Lower jaw projecting, tlie teeth of the outer
series enlarged, recurved . Eye 34 to 4 iu head. Dorsals contigiU)US, spines
very fine, produced in filaments, tho third highest, a little longer than
head; second dorsal aiul anal high. Head and nape naked. In the female
the depth is greater, mouth less oblique, smaller; profile from spinous
dorsal oblique. First dorsal 8i)ine highest, 3^ in length. Ventrals much
shorter than in males. Dark gray ; female with a short bright blue bar
bordered by blackisli above pectorals; a blotch of sky blue and orange
below eye; fins dusky, the ventrals pale in female, dusky in males.
Males with the body plain bluish gray. D. VII-17 to 20; A. 18 to 21;
scales 68 to 70. signatuh, 2577.

l:i

r

\f

m

^- h

2574. MICROflOniUK GULOSrS (Girard).

Head 3 to 3J^; depth 4 to 5; eyo 4 iu head, longer thun snout. D. VII-
i") ; A. 16 or 17; scalen about 12 ; vertehriP 11 -f 15. Body elonj^ate, niodcr-
•itcly conipreHsed; head long and lnrge, rather sharp iu profile; mouth
l;ir<fO, very oblique, tho lower jaw strongly projecting; maxillary \\ to 2\
in head, x xtending to opposite middle of eye. Teeth iu few scries, tho
(inter very long and slender, curved, tho lower longest, ncme ejiuine-like.
Hody eutir«dy scaled, except the nape, belly, breast, and head, which are
nuked; scales small, some of them with short thick teeth, those on ante-
rior piirt of body not well developed. Dorsal spines more or less filameii-
tons, the third to lifth sometimes with long iibiments; caudal pointed, as
\wv^ as head. Ventrals as long as pectorals, which are \\ in head. Skull
ilatteuod behind, with a median ridge extending from eyes back to end of
skull. Double crests l)orderiiig skull in front and on sides, the inner ones
nuuting in front of meditin ciest. T„terorl)ital very narrow ami deeply
giooved, with a median ridge. Frontal boues very thiu and fragiao.

■ 1^1

i. '

2244 Bnllcti7i 4.J, United States National Museum.

Teeth on each jaw in narrow bands, all alike. Coloration in life, light
grayish olive, with rather sharply defined markings of darker hrown;
head with a pale hluish stripe from htiliiud the angle of the month iipv ird
and forward ])arallel with the gape to below front of eye, then ti n-
ing abruptly backward across suborbital region to upper edge of gill
opening; another pale streak from snout along lower part of eye;
between this and the first streak a dusky area; below the first-mentioned
streak a dusky region on cheek; opercle with an oblique blackish bar;
top of head with dark marblings surrounded by paler reticulations; back
with a series of black cross blotches, mostly separatt^d on the median
line; 2 narrow vertical dark bars behind pectoral ; middle line of side pos-
teriorly with longitudinally oblong black blotches; besides these num-
erous other blotches not regularly arranged; first dorsal with 2 or 3
obliqno black bands; second dorsal pale, with about 4 series of black
dots; caudal spotted with black, pectoral yellowish, ventral black, its
center yellowish ; anal pale; lower side of head i)ale; jaws dusky. Coast
of Florida to Texas, in sandy or weedy bays, common north to Indian
River. A strongly marked species with no near relative among our other
gobies. The specimens here described from Pensacola. (guloaua, large-
mouthed. )

Oobius gidom.i, GiBARD, Pioc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1858, 109, Indianola, Texas; GiRAKii,
U. S. and Mex. JJduikI. Surv., ZooL, 20, 1859j Jordan ifc Gilheut, Synopsis, o;!4, 1883.

Lepidogobius gulosus, .1 ordan &: Gij^bert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1882, 294 ; Jordan &, (iii.-
IlERT, Synopsis, 945, 1883.

Mierogobius gulosuv, Jordan &. Eigenmann, I. c, 505.

Mi

2575. MICKOOOIilUS ElILEPIS, Eigenmann & Eigonniann.

Head 4 in length (SJ in total); depth 5 J (7). D.VII-15; A. Ifi; scales
50-14. Body elongate, scarcely compressed; head slightly hifjher than
wide, the depth 1^^ in its length; eye large, longer than snout, S^ in head;
snout 5 in head, ratlier broad, not pointed as in Jf. thalasaiiius; preorbital
narrower than pupil ; moutli very obliiiue, maxillary not extending beyond
anterior margin of pupil, 2^^ in head; teeth in upper jaw in a very narrow
band, slightly enlarged in outer series, largest toward angle of mouth;
teeth of lower jaw in a similar band, some of outer ones in front long and
slender. Scales cycloid, rather large, crowded anteriorly, regularly ar
ranged, not embedded as in M. nignntim, not deciduous as in M. thaJanmius:
breast, nape, and region along spinous dorsal naked. First dorsai spine
etiuidistant from tij) of snout and first anal ray; longest dorsal spine 1} in
head; caudal liii alxtut 4 in body; ventral not reaching vent, e(|uajin^
length of head, the basal membrane \ of its actual length ; ])e(toraI e(|Hal
ing lengtli of head. Color yellow or very light brown, dotted witli
minute dark jioints above; scales aiong back with a dark margin; head
and najie with minute points; spinous dors.al transparent, a marked black
spot on upper ])art of mem hrano between fourth and filth dorsal sjtiiie.s:
other fins plain ; a light vertical bar on posterior margin of preopercle;

i i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2245

no other bars or stripes anywliere. Fortreea Monroe, A'^irginia; known
Iroiii a specimeu IJ inches long, (e J, well; Xenii, scaled.)

,M;,ro(iobiu» eulcpia, EioenmaNaN &- Kkienman.v, Vuh: Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 69, Fortress
Monroe, Virginia. (Typo, No. 27123, M. C. '/.. Coll. Mrs. C. K. AVillanl.)

2670. Ml(:KO(a)UIITK TIIALASSINUS, Jordan & (Hlbert.

ll.ii(l3Uu lenj-th; depth 4 J. D. VII-IG; A. 15; eye 3 in head. Hody
elnimate, niiu'h coiiipivssed, highest in iront of venti'als, thence taiH-iiiig
n«milaily to a very narrow, short caudal peduncle; the 1)ody with a pe<'u-
liiir, translucent, fragile ai)pcarance, common also to Z. cmilemaiiciia.
1I( ad compressed, much higher than wide; snout Aery short, acute, the
])ieorl)ital not as wide as pupil; niotith terminal, very wide and oblique,
the Jaws equal; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of orbit, + length
of liead; teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, the outer series enlarged,
caiiiiie-likc (under a, microscope the band of small teeth behind the outer
scries seems evident, but the size of our specimens does not enable us to
verify it with certainty); eyes placed high, separated by a narrow ridge,
the diameter about J^ length of head. Dorsals very closely contiguous;
spines very slender, the fifth slightly produced and filamentous, reaching
(ill our specimens) to base of third soft ray when depressed ; caudal lanceo-
late, very long aud pointed, the middle rays produced, 2* in body; pcc-
tor.ils as long as head; the upper rays not silk-like; ventrals with basal
ineiiibranes well developed; the lin hmg, reaching to or slightly beyond
front of anal, somewhat longer than head. Body covered with rather
sniall cycloid scales; head naked; the scales very readily deciduous;
as they have in onr specimens mostly fallen off, the count can not be given.
Head and body translucent, overlaid by brilliant green luster, which is
formed by exceedingly minute close-set green jioints; the luster is intense
tow ;ird the head, where it assumes a blue tint, and becomes hardly notice-
alilo on caudal peduncle; 3 conspicuous translucent bar.s, wider than the
interspaces, crossing body immediately behind head; head with 2 bril-
liarit narrow blue or green lines running obli(]uely across cheek below
eye; operele with greenish luster; brauchiostegal membrane white; dor-
sals whitish, with 2 or 3 lengthwise series of large reddish-brown spots;
spinous dorsal blackish at b?se; upper caudal rays marked with red, th'.)
low ir portion of caudal and the most of the anal lin blackish, anal whitish
at base, the anterior rays tipped with brilliant white ; ventrals light buff;
pectorals translucent. In spirits, the body appears dusted with dark
points; 2 light cross bars toward head; lower part of caTidal and anal
black. Coast of South Carolina; two specimens, the largest 1.V inches
long (No. 29(574, U. >S. Nat. Mus.), were taken in muddy tide pools in
Cliarlestou Harbor. {0(\:Xad6ii'6i;, thalassinns, sea-green; OdXcrCdtt, the
sea. )

(iii/iiK.s- ///i/?((.««i«i/«, JOUDAN & (ilLllKUT, Troc. IT. S. Nat. MuH. 1882, 612, Charleston Har-
bor, South Carolina. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.)
Li'livlinindiiiK tlialasniinig. Joudan & (^tt.bf.RT. Synoii-^is, '.»47, 1883.
ilici-iiijubius lhalaa.sinu.t, Jouoa.n A. Euiknma.n.n, L c, 605.

I 4

■M

2246 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

2577. MI( KOftOUIUS SIflXATUS, I'oey.

Head 3^ to 1 ; depth 1 (female) to GK (inalo) ; eye 3i to 4. D. VII-17 to 20 ;
A. 18 to 21 ; scales 68 to 70 ; vertebnu 14 + 15. liody very much compressed,
more or less elongate; head much compressed, deeper than wide ; snout
very short, acute, the anterior prolih* not d(!curved, not steep; preorhital
not as Avido as pupil ; month very large, almost A'crtical ; maxillary extend-
ing to below pupil, 2 in head in male, 2^ in female; lower jaw projecting;
teeth of the outer series enlarged and recurved. Dorsals contiguous,
spines very tine, j»rodnced in iilaments, the thir<l longest, a little longer
than head; second dorsal and anal high. Scales as in M. yuloaua. Skull
rounded, very fragile; a median crest Avhich is highest between eyes;
lateral crests d(iveloped, the inner ones nuseting above posterior part of
eye; interorbital comparatively broad, the median crest ending above
anterior part of the orbit. Teeth in each jaw in 2 or 3 series ; outer series
of the upper jaw enlarged and recurved, the inner ones minute; outer
series of lower jaw smaller than those of upper jaw, the one nearest angle
of mouth an enlarged canine. Dark gray; female with a short bright
blue bar, bordered by blackish above pectoral; a blotch of sky blue and
orange below eye; fins dusky, the ventrals pale in female; males Avith the
body plain bluish gray. The sexual differences in this species are very
strongly marked. West Indies, in salt water; common in Cuba; one of
the smallest gobies, barely 2 inches long. Here described from Havana
examples collected by Dr. Jordan, (signatita, marki'd.)

Microtjnhitis siijnaUii, Poey, Kniinienitio, 127, jil. 5, fig. 3, 1875, Cuba (Type in M. C. '/..
Coll. Poey) ; JoRUA.x, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 49; Joku.\n & Eigen.mann, I. c, 50,').

819. ZALYPNUS, Jordan & Evormann.

Zabjpnus, Jordan &. Eveiimann, Check-List Fishes, 459, 1896 (einhlematicus).

This genus difters from Microgohim in having the anterior half of the
body naked. Soft dorsal and anal long, of 1(5 or 17 rays. Two species
known. {^dXii, surf; vni'o<;, slumber.)

o. Scales 48; shoulder with a roaiul hlack spot; none of the dorsal spines elong.ato.

CYCLOI.EI'IS, 2r)7S.

aa. Scales 65; a silvery cross bar behind pectorals; some of the dorsal 8])ine8 nsiialiv
elongate. e.mulematicus, 2571).

257H. ZALYI'XIJS <:i'('L<)I.EPIS ((Jilbert).

D. VII-1(); A. 17; scales 48. Body somewhat elongate, ccnupressed, tli-'
mouth very large, nurrow, and oblicjue; maxillary ])r()diu!ed beyond tlic
rictus for a distance e(iualing 3 diameter of orbit, reaching vertical from
posterior margin of pupil, lif in liead; snout short, 5 in hcwl; eye larger.
3J in head; interorbital wi.ltb \ orbit; teeth in upi)er jaw in 2 series, tlic
outer enlarged and distant; in lower jaw a])i)arcntly in a single series,
similar to outer series of upper jaAV, with 2 stronger canines anteriorl.v.
Inner edg(} of shoulder girdle Avithout Ueshy prominences. Dorsal spiu< s

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America. 2247

7, none <)f thnni elongate, the niombrano of hist spine reaching base of first
soft ray; soft aniil rays of moderate hei^^ht, l-i in head, the tips of hist
liivs reaching base of caudal, the lin Himihir to soft dorsal but lower;
cjiuiliil long, apparently ronndiMl jiosteriorly, longer than head (mutilated
in (iiir specimen) ; ventrals and pectorals reaching vent. Scales cycloid,
small, absent <m belly, nape, and on sides in front of fourth dorsal spine.
Color in spirits, light olive, the fins dusky; a conspicuous round black
spot on shoulder, h size of eye, its posterior margin denser black, liesem-
bliiii; /((hipHua emhlemalicua, ditt'ering in its larger scales and different color-
.itioii. A singli* specimen, about 2 inches long, from Lower California, in
7 latlionis. (Gilbert.) (x't'KAoj, circle, eyi'loid; Az-tt/c, scale.)

Mii'niijdliiuK ci/clolejyis, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nut. Miis. 1891,74, Albatross Station 3oao,
Lower California.

2679. ZALYPNUS EMBLEMATIC US (Jonlan A- Gilbert).

HeadSJ; depth 5. D. VII-16; A. 17; scales about 65. Anterior part
of l)0(ly naked; teeth of upper Jaw in one series; body elongate, com-
nressed, heaviest forward; depth 5 in length; head 3^ ; snout short,
ratlu!!' broad, acute in protUe; mouth terminal, very ()bli(iue; gape wide,
its length nearly + head; maxillary reaching to opposite middle of pupil;
lower jaw projecting. Teeth in lower J.iw partly^ in 2 series in front,
I'oniiiug a single row laterally; anterior teeth in both jaws strong, in-
I iir\ 1 (I. Kyes A-ery large, about ^ of head; snout less than orbit. Scales
extremely small, cycloid, scarcely in<i'ea8ing in 8iz<' towjird caudal pedun-
ch;; Innnl and anterior part of body to front of dorsal fin naked; a narrow
nakcMJ 8trii» along base of anterior | of spinous dorsal. Dorsal spines very
slender and weak, some of the middle ones usually prolonged, sometimes
leadiiiig nearly to the base of caudal, sonmtimes little elevated; seccmd
dorsal and anal similar to each other, the rays high, th(^ last when de-
]»ressc(l nearly rciaohing to the base of caudal; caudal point«id, a little
lon<;<r than head. Light olivaceous; above thickly punctate with pale
dot.;; sides very thickly covered with golden-green 8i)e('ks; back with 6
pairs of goldei'.-groen spots on each side of the dorsal fin, each nearly as
laifje as puj)!!; sides of head and anterior half of body with wide streaks
and liars alternately of purplish i)lue and gcdden bronze; those on cheek
longitudinal; those on opercle extending obliiiucly upward and back-
ward, those on body vertical; first dorsal dusky, second dorsal with
ahont I! series of light- blue spots; amil pale; caudal yellowish green be-
low, dusky above, a very conspicuous narrow bright-red streak from the
lower end of the base to the tip of the fifth or sixth ray from the bottom,
thus nossing the rays obli([uely^; ventrals bluish. In spirits, plain light
olive, witha silvery crossbar behind pectorals. Length 3^ inches. Panama;
know n only from the original typ"s. {a/ifJATffia, a banner, fnun the high
dorsal.)

(liihius emhlematlcus, Joboan it GiMiBUT, Bull. U.S. Fish Conim.1881, r!30, Bay of Panama.
Li'pidiiiivbius onblematicuii, JouuAN At Eiuenmann, i. o., 505.

\^

;;i

2248 Didletin ^7, United States National Museum.

820. EUCYCLOGOBIUS, Gill.

Eueyelogobms, Oirx, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1882, 279 {newberrj/i).

This gonus is allied to Lepidogohiiia, differing chiefly in the nal<od head
and short, clnibby body ; Hhoiilder girdle with a few dermal flaps ; operch!
aduate to shonlder girdle from th«» angle iijiward; dorsal spines 6 or 7 ;
soft dorsal short; scales all cycloid; t-rauinm depressed behind the parie-
tal region, somewhat excavated, the snpraoccipital crest rather high, not
extending so far forward as the orbit. Species small, in fresh or brackish
waters of California, (ev, well; «i)«Ac»?, circle (cycloid); Gobiua.)

1 ;i

2580. EUtYri-OtJOBIlIS XKniiKItllYI (Giiard).

Head 3J to 3f ; depth 4} to 5|. D. VI or Vn*-ll; A. 10 or 11 (8 in one
specimen, perhaps abnormal) ; scales about 60 to 70, too irregular for exact
counting. Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, tapering
posteriorly ; head rounded above, its width 2k in its length ; month large,
oldique, the maxillary reaching to or beyond posterior margin of orbit,
2 to 2^ in head; interorbital space wide, 4 to 4+ in head; snout bluntish,
broad, a little longer than interorbital width; eye small, 5 in head; teeth
present on both jaws, slender, canine-like, arranged in series, the outer
row enlarged; caudal peduncle 3 to 3^ in head; gill slit about 2}t in head,
its upper edge opposite or slightly above uppermost ray of pectoral;
scales minute, cycloid, inconspicuous, wanting on head, nape, and iins;
shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 small dermal flai>s; dorsals separated by a
narrow space; dorsal spines very slender; base of spinous dorsal 21
to 2^ in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, its base about 1^ in head;
caudal subtruncate, IJ to Ik in head; ventrals inserted under or slightly
behind lower edge of base of pectorals. If to 2 in head; pectorals
1^ to 1| in head. Dark olivaceous, mottled with darker; head with some
dusky markings; the sides and buck with irregular dark markings as
in species of Ethcostomimv; dorsals distinctly mottled; the first 3 or I
dorsal spines margined with paler; caudal with faint, broad, wavy cross
bars, a faint spot at its base; anal dusky; ventrals yellowish, dusky in
males; pectorals plain. Length aliout 2 inches. Streams of California,
in small clear brooks near the sea; locally comuum in San Luis Obisjx)
Creek, where the specimens here described were taken; probably con-
lined to fresh waters. (Named for Dr. .John Strong Newberry of Columbia
College, tlien also on the U. S. Geological Survey.)

(lobiun newbcrryi, GiRAnD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1806, 136, Tomales Bay (Coll. E. Sam-
uels) ; (liRAiti), ,Tour. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1857, 530, pi. 25, lif,'8. 5 to 8 ; lliRAiiU, Pac. li.
R. Surv., X, 128. 1858.

Lej)ido(jobius newberrj/i, Joudan it Gilhkbt, Syuoi)8is, 037, 1883; JokDAN &. Eioenmann,
I. c, 503.

*0f the nine specimens examined from San Luis Obispo Creek, live have 7 dorsal
siiines and tlie other four 0. (iii'ard gives tlio fiu rays as 1). VIII -i:i; A. 12; hut -vvo hiivi!
seen no specimens either with 8 sjnncs or 13 rays.' Six specimens from ^Vadell ( 'rock,
Santa Cm/, (,'ountv, California, show the following lin v.iriation: I). TI in 4; D. VH in ];
D. V ( 0 iu 1 i !>• riiya lU iu 4 ; i). rays 3 in 2 ; A. 10 in 2 ; A. 8 in 1 ; A. 9 in 3.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2249

8ai. LEPIDOGOBIUS, Gill.

r,ei'id'>!iobius, GILL, Ann. Lye. 'Snt. Hint. N. T. 1850, 14 {lepidun) .

(\tiU„johiu*, Stkindaciinkb, S. B. K. Ak. Wiss. AVien, .\LI1, 1860, 284 (Upidus).

Tliis geuiis (iontiiins small {(obies with the head and hody covered witli
small cycloid scales; dorsal spiuesT; inner edj!;») of shouldor jrirdle with
L' or 3 dermal Haps; interorbitiil groove with the mediaii ridge of skull
little developed; body elongate, sulttorete; otherwise essentially as in
<,uliiii8, the skull nearly as in Gillichiliys, with a mediiiii keel and not
alniiptly Avidencd behind the eye. Pacific Ocean; lot entering rivers.
(\iitii, scale; iiobius.)

2681. LEIMDOUUKIIIS LKPIDUS (Girard).

Hoad 4^, regularly conical; depth 7; eye 4, equal to snout, twice as
loiifi as deep. D. VII-16 to 18; A. 15; scales about 86. Body elongate,
Buljiiisilonn, little compressed. Snout not obtuse in profile; interorbital
space narrow, about ec^ual to diameter of pupil. Mouth rather large,
iiiaNillary reaching to below posterior edge of pupil, 2, V in head; teeth
small, all similar, those of upper jaw in 2 or3 series, those of lower Jaw close
set. in a broad baud. 15ody covered with small cycloid scales which are
very much reduced anteriorly, especially on the nape; cheeks, sides of
head, .'lud upper posterior part of opercles covered with small scales; top
of head scaly to eye; breast scaled. Dorsal spines weak, the longest 2 in
head; soft dorsal low, none of the rays reaching caudal; caudal long,
somewhat pointed. Color very pale olive, with roundish blotches of
rustv red on back and sides; A'ertical fms mottled with reddisli; distal
liulf of all lius and under side of head blackish, especially in the males.
"This species is remarkable for numerous lines of papiUai on mandible,
snout, aud sides of head. The occipital region of the skull is somewhat
more (lei)ressed than in Gobiiia soporator, and has much lower ridges. A
low median carina is present aud the low supraorbital ridges are contiu-
uoiiH behind the eyes with the tt^raporal crests." (Gilbert MS.) Pacific
coast of North America, from Vancouver Island to Lower California; in
rather deep water off San Francisco Hay; often seined in great numbers
ami sold in restaurants as "whitebait." (lepidua, pretty.)

Colli UK !n-acilis, GlRAUi), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 134, San Francisco; preoceupiert by
Ctihiun (jraeilis, Jenyns.

<lul,itiiih'i)iditi>,Gni\nu,Viic. 11. K. Surv., x, 127, pi. 25a, figs. 5 and 0. 1858 ; HubHtitnto for
ijracilis; Gi'NTHKU, Cat., ui, 7t*, 18G1.

Lepidii;i<>hlitK ifracilis, (Ju.L, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1859, 14; Joudan &. Gilbekt, Syn-
opsis, C37, 1883; JoUDAN &. EUIENMANN, I. C, 502.

\ \

11
m

822. GILLICHTHYS, Cooper.

(iilUi-lithiis, Cooper, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1863, 109 (mirabilis).
(;iHif(, (;iNTHER, /ool. lleeord 1864, 157 {tnirabili)>) ; name preoccupied.
Haccontcina (Guichenot MS.) Suavaoe, Bull. Soc. Philoiu. I'aria 1882, 171 (gtiUmim) ;
name preoccupied.

Body moderately elongate, com])re8sed, covered with small, cycloid,
eiuliedded scales; belly and head naked. Scales of the young more or
3030 64

>

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0 ^1^ B^

^ Uii 12.2

I.I

^ m

^ y£ 12.0

^ IE

ijg |U. 1 1.6

6" -

Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STMIT

WliSTBR.N.Y. I4S80

(71*) 173-4503

^

i'f

2250 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

'i^

less ciliated. Eyen small, almost superior. Gape wide, the maxillary in
the adult inordinately developed, prolonj^ed backward to the base of v'lo
])cct()ral8, its ])osterior part a cartilaginous exjtansion, connected to an
oxpan.sion of the skin of the lower jaw, thus forming a channel backward
from the mouth, almost exactly as in Neodinus and Opiaihognathua,
genera otherwije very ditt'erent. Teeth small, even, in broad bands.
Skull in adult with a strong median keel, not abruptly widened behind
the eye, triangular behind ; young with the keel obsolete. Dorsal flns 2,
the second high, the first of 6 very weak spines, none of which is
exserted; soft dorsal and anal short; caudal less rounded; pectorals
large; isthmus broad. Singular little fishes, in brackish waters, burrow-
ing in th«} mud; confined to the Pacific. (Named for Theodore Gill.)

a. Koitd moderately depressed ; dorual flna close together. MIRABILIS, 2582.

aa. Head very broad and depressed ; distance between dorsals | length of first dorsal.

DETRCSDS, 2583.

2582. 0ILLICIITUY8 MIBABILIS, Cooper.
^LoNO-,lAWED Goby.)

Head 31^; depth 5; oyo 6 to 7; snout longer than eye, low, little
decnrved. D. VI-12; A. 10; vertebra) 15-1-17. Body stout, somewhat com-
l)re88ed behind, broud and depressed anteriorly; head broader than deep,
its width lA, its depth 2 or more in its length; interorbital space greater
than eye. Mouth very large; maxillary variable, extending to base of
pectoral in adult, broadened behind; fold of lower lip extending its full
length. Teeth all alike, small, fixed, and in bands, the band of the lower
jaw broader than that of the rpper. Scales small, cycloid, irregularly
placc^d, largest from front of doisal backward, decreasing in size ante-
riorly; head, breast, belly, and ^ of nape naked. Dorsal spines not
filamentous, not as long as the soft rays which are little more than i
depth of body; caudal broad, short, rounded; pectorals broad and
rounded, longer than ventrals, 2 in head. Skull not abruptly widened
behind eye, as iu (iohiits, being triangular posteriorly. No lateral ridges;
a, strong median keel; a short transverse crest behind orbit. Interorbital
not deeply grooved, with a blunt median ridge. Orbit not bordered by
any prominent ridges. Teeth in both jawn, close set, iu bauds, all alike.
Dull olive, very finely marbled with darker; sides of liead and maxillary
finely punctuate; fins olive; belly yellowish. Length 8 inches. Pacific
coast of North America, from San Francisco to Cerros Island; a most
remarkable little fish; very abundant in the nuid fiats in shallow water
along the California coast, burrowing in hole . in the mud like a crawfish,
and readily takin«r the hook baited with fiesh or worm when dropped
into the mouth of ihe burrow, (mirabilia, wonderful.)

OillicMhyt viirabilit, Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1863, 101), San Diecro Bay ; Lockinoton.

Anier. Nat. 1879; JimnAN & ("iU.hert, Synopsis, 6:10, 188;i; Jordan &. Eioenmann, i.e.,

ulO; EVERMANN A" JENKINS, Proc. V . ,S. Nnt. Mus. 18U1, 162.
Gobiu* towntendi, Kiuknmann &. Euignhann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888,463, San Diego;

young.

/>

Allied t
more depr^
the 2 dorsj
D.VI-13;
riorly hut
pectoral to
and front
the shortes
in G. mirab
differing fn
wing-like j
head; niaxi
peduncle 2f
dorsal; len^
length of lo
with dark j
probably du
Gulfof Cali
about 5 inch
near the mo
abundant,
depressed.)

(HlliehthyK detn
shoe Bend,

'Mietttla, JoRDi

This genus
presence of
girdle. Maxi
<Tanium es.sei
lagoons and

Head 3.1 (4

r>0-18; R5.

, from shonlde:

than body, its

•lia meter of

'»f'eye; mouti

terior margin

"isually prolor

I'.ve. Scales (

verse. Teetli

'dunt, and cur

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2251

2588. OILLICHTIIVS DETR1J8DS, Gilbert & Scofield.

Allied to irilUchthys mirahilis, Cooper, differing ir the bro.ader and
more depressed bead, the larger anal lin, and greater distance between
the 2 dorsals. Head 3^ ; depth 5 ; eye 7 in bead ; snout 1 ; incerorbital 5i.
D. VI-13; A. 11 developed rcays (10 in (/. inirahilia) ; scales very iine ante-
riorly but becoming much larger posteriorly; about 75 scales from base of
pectoral to caudal, and about 25 longitudinal rows between front of anal
and front of second dorsal. The head is dci)res8ed, the froutals broad,
the shortest distance across being contained in the head 8 times (11 times
in G. mirahili8.) The postfrontals are small and project but very little,
differing from G. mirabilis, where the postfron*.als project into an cdevated
wing-like process. The width of the isthmus contained 3 times in the
head; maxillary IJ and mandible If in head. Least depth of catulal
pednncle 2f in head. Distance between dorsals equal to i length of first
dorsal ; length of first dorsal 2^ in head ; second dorsal T| ; anal 2 in head ;
length of longest pectoral ray If in head. Color -i very pale olive, some
with dark punctulations about the head and fins. The pale coloration is
probably due to their life in shallow water on bottom of pale sand.
Gulf of California. The types and numerous other specimens, the longest
about 5 inches loug, were taken by Dr. C. H. Gilbert at Horseshoe Bond,
near the moi'uli of the Colorado River, in Mexico, where they are quite
abundant. These are numbered 383G in L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. {dvtrusua,
depressed.)

OilUchthy'i detrusut, Gilbert & Scofield, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mtis., xx, 1807, 498, pi. 38, Horse-
shoe Bend, mouth of Colorado River. (Type, No. 48127. Coll. Gilbert & Ale&auder.)

823. QUIETULA, Jordan & Evcrmann.

(iuietula, Jordan & Eversiann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839 {y-cauda). \^

This genus is closely related to Gillichthya, from which it differs in the
presence of 2 or 3 cutaneous flaps on the inner edge of the shoulder
girdle. Maxillary elongate, as in Gillkhthyit', scales rather small, cycloid;
cranium essentially as in GillichthyK. Small gobies living in the mud of
lagoons and river mouths. (A diminutive, from quiva, quiet.)

2584. ({UIETULA Y-CAUWA (JoukinH & Everiiianii).

Head 3h (4); dei»th 7 (8); eye 3L D. V-14 or 15; A. 15; scales about
.")0-lS; IJ. 5. Body moderately elongate, compressed, narrowing regularly
from shoulder girdle to caur.al fin; head not greatly depressed, broader
than body, its length 4 in body; snout rounded, short, about equal to
iliaraeter of eye; interoi'bital spa<'e narrow, not greater than i diameter
of eye; mouth rather large, its gajic extending nearly to vertical of pos-
terior margin of orbit; maxillary somewhat variable in length, but
usually prohmged behind eye for a distance nearly equal to diameter of
eye. Scales small, cycloid, about 50 in longitudinal series, 18 in trans-
verse. Teeth in a narrow baud on premaxillaries and mandible, short,
blunt, and curved slightly backward, most closely set and most numerous

U

. f

■ r f

2252 Bullefjn //, United States National Museum.

m

•%■:

ou premaxillaries. Sho' Ider girdle with 2 or 3 small cutaneous flaps on
its inner edge. Fins moderato ; dorsal of 5 spines and 16 soft rays, the
spines unconnected with the rayed portion, the space between them abont
e(iual to \ diameter of eye ; the spines weak and flexible, their length \
that of head ; soft dcrsal beginning at a point a little nearer end of snout
than tip of caudal and extending nearly to caudal, its height about
equal to that of spinous portion, the flrst few rays slightly graduated;
anal having 15 rays and beginning a little behind origin of soft dorsal,
the rays about equaling those of dorsal in length; pectorals mo<lerate,
inserted a little below axis of the body, their length greater than depth
of body, their tips reaching a. vertical from posterior part of spinous
dorsal; vcntrals united, but not adnate to belly, inserted slightly in front
of pectorals and their tips not quite reaching those of pectorals. Ground
color light ; head and body pretty uniformly covered with dark punctula-
tions ; an irregular dark bar across occiput ; breast and belly pale ; a row
of 9 or 10 small dark blotches along middle of side, the one at base of
caudal plainest and having a shape something lilve the Greek letter 2";
about 6 dark blotches along median line of back; peritoneum dark.
Length about \\ inches. Pacific coast of North America, from Guaymas
to Vancouver Island; excessively abundant froiu San Diego southward in
mudflats; specimens recorded from Saauich Arm, Vancouver Island, San
Diego, mouth of Colorado River, San Luis Gonzales 13ay, St. (ieorges Bay,
Concepcion Bay, Guaymas, and La Paz. It Avas at flrst confounded with
the young of GiUichthya mirahilia, from which genus it differs in the pres-
ence of dermal flaps on the shoulder girdle.* {cuuda,, tail, which has a
Y-like mark.)

ililHchthys ycauda, Jenkins & Evebmann, Troc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 147, Guaymas,

Sonora. (Type, No. 39637. Coll. Jonkina it Evcrinaiin.)
Qiiii'tula ycauda, Jordan it Starks, rroc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839.
Oillifht!iy» (jtfaymasiiv J jK^iKiits iV, Evehmann, Proc. IT. S. Nat. ^lus. 1888, 148, Guaymas,

Sonora ; youiif? .spociineim 2^ inc^ies long. (Typo, No. 390;!7. Coll. Jenkins & Ever-

niaiiii.)

* " Tlie cranium in similar to tliat of (hllichlhyj mirabiliii, tlio occipm, 1)ein}; tlopresseil,
wedjre-sliapcd, narrowed anteriorly ^^itll a blunt median carina, the isupraorbital and
temporal ridden not continuous behind the eye. As in Oillichthys mirabili*, the supra-
orbital ridires end in Aving-like expansions innnediatoly behind the intc^rorbital space."
(Gilbert \fS.)

t Oillichthys ijiiaymaiiim is thus described : Head 3 (3;} in total) ; depth 0 (7). D. V-14 j
A. 13; eve 5. ISody (luito slender, elongate, but little compressed; head long, narrow,
not much widened behind the eyes, not depressed, t'orminci the length to base of caudal.
Prolile gently arched from snout to ^ the distance to dorsal fin, from there nearly straight
to dorsiU, and then gently curved to caudal pedun<'.le; ventral outline nearly straight; a
considerable prominence on the snout made by the enlarged end of the turbinal bone.
Eye somewhat above the median line, notquite equaling the snout in length ; interorbital
space narrow, 1^ times in the eye. The maxillaries are much produced, in some spec!
mens nearly rei:chiug the gill openings, broadest at the middle, and tapering to a blunf
point posteriorly; premaxillaries not protractile, but little movable at the symphysis,
more tlian ^ as l<nig an the maxillaries. Gill rakers 2 above the angle, 10 below, short and
blunt, the first 4 the largest, those on the second a^'cli but little developed. Teetli well
developed, in a single series, ou mandible and premaxillaries, all slightly curved back-
ward. Tongue not so broad as in Oillichthyt iniialnli,'<, (^ooper ; it is ^entl,y rounded at th(«
tip, which is free for n much greater length than in (Hlliehthys miral/iiii. Peritoneum
black or blackish, and the intestine short, nut little longer than the head, and not at all
convoluted. Scales small, embedded, and scarcely perceptible except on sides; no pores
appear to be developed. First dorsal of fine fli;>:il>le spines, distance of origin from snout
2i length of i ody, a-.id separated from the second dorsal by a distance but little great^n-
than leugtli of suout ; second dorsal of 14 rays of nearly equal length, which equals the

Uypiiug, Ji

This gc
presence
minute, e
rounded,
iting mu«

Head 3
Utol6; 1
subconica
ueady str;
of eyes,
head, ^ in
l-elow mid
broad ban
Olio, rarel

it' •

\W''

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2253

824. ILYPNUS, Jordan & Evermaini.
Ilypnug, Jordan &, Everm\nn, Check-List Fislien, 460, 1896 {ijilhcrti).

This genna is allied to Clevclandia, from which it differs chiefly in the
presence of dermal flaps on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle ; scales
minute, embedded, cycloid; dorsal with 5 spines; occiput transversely
rounded, without median keel ; maxill.\ ry moderate. Small gobies, inhab-
iting mud flats. {iXv^, mnd; vitvo<;, slumber.)

! '

2586. ILYPNUS OILBERTI rrigenmanii &. Eigonnianii.)

Head 3 to 3it (SJ to 4 in total) ; depth 5 to 5i (6 to 7). D. V-15 to 17; A.
14tol6; B. 5; vertebnn 15 + 19. Form elongate, compressed. Headlong,
subconical, about as high as wide, its width 2J in its length. Profile
nearly straight from eyes to spinous dorsal, decidedly decurved in front
of eyes. 'Eye entirely .ibove the premaxillary level, 1 in snout, 4 J in
bead, ^ in interorbital. Mouth slightly oblique; maxillary exten<ling to
l/dow middle of eye, lower jaw slightly included. Teeth villiform, in a
broad band in es'^h jaw, the outer series of lower jaw somewhat enlarged.
One, rarely 2, dermal flaps on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Scales
cycloid, embedded, A'cry small; hea<l, nape, and breast naked. Distance
from tip of smmt to insertion of spinous dorsal 2f in length; iiigliest
dorsal spine about I length of head; soft dorsal rays lower; intordorsal
area about ^ orbital diameter; tii» of last dorsal ray not reaching base of
("ludal; caudal broad and rounded when expanded; anal similar to soft
dorsal fin ; ventral fins large, nearly reaching vent in speciniens IJ inches
]<>i;g. Pectorals usually shorter than vcntrals. Color in liff, sand color;
head and body with snuiU rust-colored spots, which are dotted with black
tlio pnnctulations forming a more or less regular network; dorsal fins
hyaline at base, bright rust-colored above, and rather broadly margined
with white, every where black punctate except on margins; about 3 groups
of black dots on each ray, giving a barred ayp*'arance to these fins; cau-
<lal margined with white, upper and lower parts of fin rust colored, me-
<liau portion dark gray; about 5 wavy, rustlike, vertical bars; entire fin
dotted with black except its margin ; anal fin hyaline at base, si)arsely
•lotted, its middle third jet-black, margined with white; pectorals and
vcntrals milky white, yellowish, sparingly black dotted au«l ■white edged;
a large, conspicuous, metallic blue-black spot on opercle; top of head
blackish; belly white or yellowish; chin and throat white, sometimes

(lisfnnc(( from end of Rnout to iniilillo of pupil; lengfli of base of soft dorsal not qnite
ciinaliiig length of head; distance of posterior end from caudal fin e(iiialing distance
lilt ween the 2 dorsal fins. Origin of anal behind that of soft dorsal and a littlo posterior
to middle of total length of tish; its base 1^ times in base of soft dorsal, or about 4 in
li'ii^tii offish to base of caudal tin; nectorals moderate, a little more than } length of
licad ; ventrals inserted slightly behina the pectorals and about equaling them in length.
Color in life whitish beneath, grayish orniottlnl above; tt double wliite spots along the
liack, alternating with tine blackish areas; a white spot behind oacli eye on top of head;
oliiuik with 2 dark bands extending obliquely backward and downwii d from eye ; n niim-
lior (if dark splotches on opercles; ibout 7 diisky areas along the side, the last and most
iiiiirked being upon the base of the caudal fin; dorsal fln" finely marked lengthwise by
alioiit 4 series of small dark H]>ots ; caudal crossed by 5 or 0 wavy'vertical bars of very fine
dark spots or points; anal, pectorals, and ventrals plain. In alcohol these markings are
leaa plain, especially the wliite aud black areas upon the back. Length 'ii inches.

\ ■

2251 Bidlctin //, United States National Miisemn.

puuotate. Yoniig lighter, showing the reticulations, hut the other ii^ark-
iugs faint or nndeveloped. Length ahoiit 2^ inches. (Eigonmann.)
"This Bi)ecie8 agrees with Lepidogohius in the presence of papillae on the
inner edge of shoulder girdle. It differs decidedly in the shape of the
occipital region of the cranium, which is transversely evenly convex as in
Clevelandia; not ahruptly Avidened hehiud the orbits, not continuous later-
ally with the temporal ridge as in Oobius, Lepidogohiua, etc. From Clere-
landia and Gillichthys, Lepidogohiua gilbcrti differs in the presence of papilla^
on the shoulder girdle, and from Gillichth/a y-cauda in the shape of the
cranium." (Gilbert MS.) San Diego Bay and southward; found by Dr.
Gilbert abundant at Magdalena Bay, at Concepcion Bay, and St. Georges
Bay, in the Gulf of California. (Named for Charles Henry Gilbert, pro-
fessor of Zoology in the Leland Stanford Junior University.)

Ltpidogohius gilherti, EiGENMANN &. Eioenmann, Proc. IT. g. Nat. Mus. 1888, 464, San Diego
Bay. (Type, No. 40128, U. S. Nat. Mu8. Coll. C. H. Eigeniiiann.)

825. CLEVELANDIA, Eigenmann & Eigenmann.

Clevelandia, Eigenmann &. Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 73 {longipiniiit, Eigen-
mann & Eigenmann, r=ros«).

This genus is closely allien to GilUchthga, differing chiefly in the form
of the skull, which is rounded above, strongly convex in transverse pro-
file, perfectly smooth, without ridges or crests. Body long and slender ;
maxillary much produced, but not extending to the gill opening ; mouth
horizontal ; dorsal spines 4 or 5, very weak ; body covered with minute
cycloid embedded scales ; soft dorsal and anal long, each of 14 to 17 rays.
(Named for Daniel Cleveland, esq., president of the San Diego Society of
Natural History, a gentleman deeply interested in scientific matters.)

a. Caudal .short, rounded ; dorsal spines 5.

aa. Caudal pointed, scarcely shorter than head; dorsiil spines 4.

ids, 2686.
itoSvE, 2587.

Ii68«. CLKVKLANDIA lOS (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 3^ in length of body; depth 6. D. V-16; A. 14; eye 6f in head;
maxillary 1|; pectoral 1?; ventrals 1|; caudal 1^; base of soft dorsal 3 in
length of body ; base of anal 3J. Body long and slender, compressed, the
back not elevated; caudal peduncle moderately wide; head long, profile
steep to within a short distance of the front of the eye, thence horizontal ;
mouth very large, not very oblique, the maxillary projecting to opposite
tlie middle of the cheek; jawssubequal; teeth in narrow villiform bauds ;
eye small, longer than wide, set high in head; interorbital space narrow,
about as wide as eye. Body covered with very small cycloid scales, too
small to count; spinous dorsal well 8e|)arated from soft dorsal, the spines
slender; soft dorsal tV y high(U-, its origin a little nearer base of caudal fin
than tip of snout; anal about equal to soft dorsal in height, its origin a
little behind first dorsal ray, ending at about the same comi)arative place
as soft dorsal ; ventrals inserted slightly behind pe<'torals, reaching miii-
way between their base and front of anal ; caudal short, its end rounded.

1; .1

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2255

Color light olivaceous, the cheeks and sides with nany dark points which
form iiiottlings; p'-ont dark; a dark spot on upper part of op«T(le; top of
head hlack; dorsals light, with 3 or 4 dark lines running across the rays;
some dark spots on hase of anal; pectorals crossed with dark wavy lines;
caudal with ahout 5 irregular cross bars. Puget tSound and neighboring
waters. Here described from 2 spei-imcns, each 2 ii ches in length, dredged
off Port Orchard by Mr. Edwin C. Starks. The original descrijjtion is
imperfect and partly incorrect, the single type, fronv the stomach of Hera-
grammos aajnr, being in bad condition, (/oj, arrow.)

Oobiosoma ios, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 437, Saanich Arm, Van-
couver Island (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 948, 1883;
Jordan & Eiqenmann, I. c, 509.

Clevelandia ioi, Jordan & Starks, ProcGal. Ac. Sci. 1805, 839, pi. 100.

2587. CLEVELANDIA ROS.E, Jordan & Evermann.

Head 4 (4J in total); depth 6^^ (7). D. IV-16; A. 17; scales 70-18.
Body very much elongate, slender; head long and slender, depressed ante-
riorly much as in Lucius; profile straight; eye moderate, slightly shorter
than snout, 4^ in length of head; interorbital area about as wide as pu])il ;
anteorbital area scarcely i diameter of eye; mouth large, maxillary
extending much beyond orbit; lower jaw flat, slightly curved upward
anteriorly ; mouth very much as in Lucius ; teeth all small, in narrow bands
in each jaw; the outer ones of the upper jaw slightly larger than the
others. Scales minute, slightly enlarged posteriorly; the margins plain,
.interior part of the exposed area lengthwise striated; breast and ante-
ilorsal area naked. Distance from snout to insertion of first dorsal spine
21 in body; the spines slender and short, 3 in head; interdorsal area
(Hjuals snou* and eye; dorsal rays slightly longer than spines, the last ray
not extending halfway to caudal; caudal pointed, scarcely shorter than
head; ventrals not reaching halfway to vent, 1| in head; pectoral 1^
in head; vent slightly behind middle of body. Color light brownish;
numerous darker spots of aggregated points along nape and upper half of
body; belly white; head slightly darker than body; posterior edge of oper-
cle white ; an oblique silvery bar on the lower half of opercle, and a light
blotch at the upper corner of opercle; cheek with black points; some
li;;ht areas below eye; lower surface of head and posterior part of max-
iilaries plain; 2 dark bars on spinous dorsal; second dorsal with 3 or 4
dark bars; a curved black bar at base of caudal;' remainder of caudal
irregularly barred with dark; other fins plain. Length 1| inches. San
Diego Bay (Eigenmann & Eigenmann'); at first inccu-rectly identified by
Mr. and Mrs. Eigenmann with Evermannia longipinne (Steindachner), a
sjiecies similar in habit but wholly scaleless. (Named for Mrs. Posa Smith
i'^igenmaim.)

CleMandia longipinnia, EiOENMANN «fe Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 73; not flohi-

oioma longipinne, Steindachner.
(uvvlandia rosce, Jordan & Evermann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1806, 229, San Diego. (Coll.

B. S, Eigenmann.)

I

i-MHi

p;-!t

2256 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

826. EVERMANNIA, Jordan.

Bvermannia, Jordan, Froc. Cal. Ac. Sci., iv, 1895, series 2, 592 (zosUrura).

Body rlender, compressed behind, entirely naked. Head long, slender.
Snout rather pointed ; mouth moderate, terminal, the maxillary more or
less produced backward ; teeth small and slender, the outer above slightly
enlarged. Skull with a small median crest, nut much widened behind.
Interorbital space very narrow, channeled; no dermal flaps on shoulder
girdle ; first dorsal of 4 to 6 spines ; second dorsal and anal long, of 14 or
15 rays. Caudal lanceolate. Ventrals formed as in GoMus and Gobio-
soma. Size small, the sexes not colored alike. Species living in holes in
sand and mud between tide marks. (Named for "my former student and
later scientific associate, Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, now ichthyolo-
gist of the United States Fish Commission, in recognition of his work on
the fishes of the Gulf of California." — Jordan.)

a. Head 3} ; depth 5^ ; body and flns dotted. t.ongipinnis, 2588.

aa. Head 3^; depth 6}; vertical fius in males bauded with black and with white edgings.

ZOSTEBUBA, 2589.

2588. ETERMANMA LONGIPINNIS (Steindachner).

Head 3^; depth 5 to 5^. D. IV to VI-16 or 17; A. 16 or 17; snont
slightlj' decurved in profile, 3^ in head ; eye 6, greater than interorbital
width. Body very slender. Mouth somewhat oblique, the jaws equ.tl ;
maxillary extending beyond middle of head to a distance behind eye
equal to diameter of eye. Teeth in each jaw in 2 series laterally and 3 in
front, those of the outer series somewhat enlarged. Fins low, the longest
dorsal spine 2 in head; pectoral a little shorter than caudal, scarcely
longer than ventrals. Caudal rr)undcd, shorter than head, probably 4| in
body. Body and head completely naked.* Brownish yellow; upper
parts of head and body with small, irregularly placed brown spots and
streaks; dorsals and caudal finely barred with dark specks. (Steindach-
ner). Gulf of California; not seen by us; known from 3 specimens 37i
mm. long. We refer this species provisionally to Ect^mannia, with which
genus it agrees in external respects, although the mouth is much larger.
It may be the type of a distinct genus. It differs from Clevelandia in the
entire absence of scales, (longus, long; pinna, fin.)

Oobiotoma longipinne, Steindachner, Ich. Beitr., viii, 27, 1879, Las Animas Bay, Gulf

of California; Jordan &. Eiqenmann, I. c, 509.
Evermannia longipinnit, Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229.

(hhiosoina, G

r,:

2589. EVERMANMA ZOSTERCRA (Jordan &. Gilbert).

Head Sf; depth 6. D. IV-15; A. 14; eye equals snout, 5 in head; P. If;
C. li. Body compressed, profile convex; snout short, not very blunt;
eyes high, the maxillary reaching to their posterior margin; mouth
oblique, jaws equal; first spine of dorsal filamentous, reaching to middle

* At our rpqiieHt Dr. Steindachner has reexamined the types of this species. He still
finds them " vollkommen schuppenlos."

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2257

of soft dorsal (malo) ; body entirely nuked. Body everywhere speckled
with dots of dark brown. Male sometimes with traces of 8 olive cross
bands ; fins very ornate, the dorsal and anal yellowish at base, then a
broad median band of jot black, then a broad white margin; middle of
caudal yellow to the tip, with a black band above and below, and a white
edge above and below this as in dorsal and anal; no bands on tail. Fe-
male with dorsal filament short, reaching about to first soft ray; dorsals
and anal checkered with blackish ; caudal faintly barred ; all vertical
tins with pale edgings, but without the black stripe of the males. Length
2 inches. Very common on sandy bottoms, everywhere about the estuary
of Mazatlan, the numerous specimens here described being dug out of the
sand. It is seldom found much, if any, below the mark of low tide. It is
a very handsomely colored species, the male being more strikingly marked
than any other of our gobies. {Z<^6ti)p, band; ovpoc, tail.)

Gobiotoma zosterurum, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 361, Mazatlan
(fill rays incorrect), (Type, No. 29245, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. C. H. Gilbert) ; Jordan

& ElGENMANN, I. C, 509.

Enermannia zosterura, Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2(1 ser., vol. iv, 1895, 498, pi. 51.

827. GOBIOSOMA, Girard.

^Naked GoniES.I
Onhiosotna, GiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169 (alepidottu).

Body entirely naked; mouth moderate, horizontal; snout blunt; teeth
in several series, the outer row enlarged; no canines; dorsal spines nor-
mally 7. rarely 5 or 6; second dorsal and anal short; no barbels about
head; shoulder girdle without flaps. Species chiefly American. {Gobius:
6(bna, body.)

a. Colo^^tion olivaceoiia, mottled with darker ; no red nor blue.

h. Maxillary extending to beyond pupil, 4| in head ; color blackish, with sharply
defined cross bars of whitish. Body rather short, the depth 5|( in length ;
head 3^; snout low, little obtuse; mouth large, rather oblique, the maxil-
lary 23 in head; teetli small, in few series above, in a band below, the outer
enlarged ; fins low ; caudal \\ in head. Cross bands on body as wide as eye,
not quite meeting below; a dark blotch on base of pectoral, a fainter one on
base of caudal ; fins nearly plain. D.YII-IS; A. 12. histrio, 2590.

6ft. Maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit; coloration not sharply
defined, the body usually with dark cross streaka.
e. Body rather short, chubby, the depth about 4 in length; head about 3};
head rounded above; teeth in several series, slender, the outer ones
somewhat elongate, none of the inner ones specially enlarged. Color
olivaceous, with dark points ; sides with narrow, alternating light and
dark bars ; a row of small linear dark spots along middle of sides ; first
dorsal with 3 oblique dark bars ; second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals
finely barred, base and edge of anal light, middle dark ; breast with
many well-dufined spots ; a dark line running forward and downward
from eye to angle of mouth, another extending straight down; a black
bar on edge of preopercle, a black spot on upper edge of operole. D.
y 11-13; A. 10. HOI.B3TUH,2ftQl>

1 '

2258 DuUctin //, U>:iit'd S/a/cs Natioyial Afitsnim.

1

ec. Body more eloiigatn, ileptli T) to 0 in botly ; liea«I v«ry brouil, ll»tlii<1i iiltovc,

with tiiiiiiduliLMtkH, ilH IttiiKtIi :ij^ iu body ; oyo Hiniill, longer than Hnont,

5 in bead; mouth birgo, little obli(|ni<, thoJiiwH H(ih«<|iiul.

(i. Soft dofHal with 14 rnyH; no <TeMO«>nt at biiHe ot° caudal; maxillary

extruding to Ih>I<>w poHteriur part of urbit (at Irani in male), 2)

in luMid; teeth In few Heries, the oiit«r conHiderably enlarged ; 2

teeth on eaeh Hid(^ of inner mn'ios of lower ,|uw OH|iecialIy large

cnnineH; dornal H]iineH Hlender, none tilamentous; caudal rounded.

OlivaeeouH, with darker ktohr hIuiiIuh of rounded R])otH; vortical

fhiH duHky, faintly barred. Toeth of the female Himilar to thoHo

of the male but RUialler; head narrower; more slender. D. VII-

14; A. 10. no8(;i,2502.

(f (/. Soft dorHal with 12 rays ; a brown crexeent at buMO of cainlal.

<'ltKS<5KNTAI.K,25fl3.

aa. Coloration no) |dain cdivaceoiiH; h< .d with a red bar; anterior dorxal rayn not pro-
duced in tllanientfl; head aiul body comprcHHed ; grentcHt deptli T)) in total length,
head about 4; angle of mouth littlo behind center of eye; eye 4 in head;
teeth ])ointod, in neveral Herien, thoHo of the outer Hi^ries n little enlarged;
caudal rounded. Head light yellow; a carmine-red bar extending along upper
edge of head, from upper corner of gill opening to Huout, where It, joins its fellow,
ending behind over tlie pectoral in a Humll indigo-blue spot; body with 16 or 17
light green, well-dalined cross bars, separated by narrow white stripes; tins
chieliy grejnish. D. VII (VI)-!! or 12; A. 10.

MCLTIKABCIATUM, 2504.

iioilO. a<ntIOSOMA IIISTIUO, .lordan.

Head ^ ; depth r^. D. VII-12 or 13 ; A. 11 or 12 ; niiixillary 2i in head ;
iraiidal 1^. llody rathor short; Hnont depressed, little obtnse; month
huge, rather obliqne, maxillary roucliiiig to below posterior part of orbit;
chin without barbels; many series of minute ]>apillir along mncons pores
of head. Teeth small, in few series above, in a band b«>low, the outer
enlarged. Fins low. Cross bands on body whitish, as wide as eye, not
(jnite meeting below; a. daik blotch on base of ]>ectora], a fainter one
on base of caudal; lius nearly plain. Length 2 inches. Gulf of Cali-
fornia; known only from the Gulf of California at Guaymas (Emeric;
Evermann & Jenkins) and La Paz (Gilbert). {hMrio, a harlec^uin.)

Gobiosoma histrio, Jordan, I'roc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. 1884, 260, Guaymas, Mexico (Coll. H. F.
Emeric) ; Joudan &. Eioenm^vnn, I. c, 508 ; Evermann <fc Jenkins, Proc. U, S. Nat. Mus.
1891, 162.

SAOl. (JOBIONOMA MOLKKTITM, (Mrard.

Head about 3f; depth 4. D. VII-13; A. 10; vertebne 12 4-15. Body
rather short, maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit. Teeth
in several series, slender, the outer ones somewhat elongate, none of the
inner ones specially enlarged. Skull fiattish, with a slight median keel;
lateral crests developed, lower and stronger than in Gohins; interorbital
very narrow, bounded by 2 minute crests ; bones of the skull very weak
and fragile. Teeth in both jaws recurved, in 2 or 3 series. Olivaceous,
with dark points; sides with narrow, alternating light and dark bars; a
row of small dark spots along middle of side; first dorsal Avitb 3 oblique
dark bars; second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals finely barred; base and

'1

rV

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2250

i

txlgo oi' aiiiil liglit, iiii(l<llo dark; 1>re!ist with many wull-dofniud HpotH; a
(liirk lino running forward and d<»wnwiird from oyo to auglo of month,
another extending Htruight d(>\vnwiird 'Vom eye; a black I tar on edge of
prcopercle, and a Idack spot on upper edge of oporcle. A Hpecimon taken
at Key West iu thus «leHcribed : i'aht olive, with darker cnms hands formed
of dark dots; arowofdark dots along middle of side; vertical tins all
mottled and faintly barred witli dark olive; ]>ectoralH and ventrals nearly
plain. Ti«-ngth 2^ inch<;s. (lulf coaHt of the llnitfd States; (:<mimon in
HJiallow waters along the coast from Key West to Texas and south to Jtahia.
(mohatita, disturbed.)

ilitbioKoma vioU'Mtum, Gikahd, Proc. Ac. Nftt. So,i. T'liiln. 18B8, 100, Indianola, Texas ;
<}in.\niJ, U.S.an<lMox. Hound. Siirv.,27,pl. 12,«k. 14. lKr)»; (KtNTnicu.Ot, lujm, 18fil ;

.fOUDAN & (^UJIEKT, Synopsis, 0.18, 188:»; .IoIIDAN A. KlIlENMAiNN, I. c, 508.

(Inhiosonia alepiilotutn, •Iokdan &.OILBEUT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1882, 2U7, Laguna Grande,
Pensacola. (Coll. Dr. Jordan.)

2r>92. OOHIUSOMA liOM;i (Lii(Yip<\d(0.

(Naked (ronv.)

UeadSj^; depth 5 to 6. I). VII-14; A. 10; eye 5, longer than snout.
I?ody more elongate; head very broad, ilattish above, with tunii<l ch(;i;ks.
Kye small. M<mth large, little oblique, jaws suboqual, the maxillary
extending to below posterior part of orbit (at least in mabO, 2J in head.
Teeth in few series, the outer ccmsiderably enlarged; 2 teeth on each side
of inner series of lower Jaw especially large canines. Dorsal spines slender,
iii>t filamentous ; caudal ronnded. Olivaceous, with darker cross shades of
rounded spots; vortical fins dusky, faintly barred. Atlantic coast of the
I nited States, (Jape (Jod to Florida; gencrjilly common, especially south-
ward in shallow grassy bays. (Named f(»r M. Bosc, French consul at
('harleston in the last century; an ardent naturalist.)

(lolling hosci, Laci^:pi;db, Hist. Nat. Poias., u, 555, pi. 16, flg 1, 1708, Charleston, South

Carolina. (Coll. M. liosc.)
(Inhiug alepidotus, Bloch & SriiNElDEn, Syst. Iclithyol., 547, 1801, after LACfePKDK; De

Kay, N. Y. Fniina: Fi.sliea, 160, pi. 23, (ig. 70, 1842.
Oobiiiii viridipallrd lit, MiTCHiLL, Trans. Lit, and Philos. Soc. N. T., i, 1814, 379, pi. 1, flg. 8,

New York ,
(hihiosoma botti, Joudan & ( iILDEKt, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 613 ; Jokdan & Eiqenmann,

/. c, 508.
iliibiosoma nlepidotum, GI^nthbk, (Jat., in, 85, 1801 ; Jordan &. GiLnERT, Synopsis, 638, 1883.

260». tiOBIOSOHA t'RESCKNTALE, Gilbert. i

Head 3i in length; depth (?}; oye 5^ in head; snout .5]^. D. VII-12; A.
II. Body very slender, the head depressed, broad and llatteiied above,
the head iind body of nearly equal depth throughont. Mouth small,
oblique, the maxillary not extending beyond the vertical from posterior
border of orbit, 2^ in head; eyes small, 1';^ in the rather broad interorbital
npiice. Teeth in bands in both jawa, the outer scrii^s enlarged, canine-
like, and distant. Fins all small, the caudal short and rounded from a
broad base, pectoral as loug as head without snout; ventrals short, not

:._r'.'. t:,-:^^-*

r

I

2200 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

reaching f the diHtnnce from their base to vent ; dorsal spines not iila-
mentons; skin Avholly naked. Color in spirits, lower half of head and
body uniform warm brown, the back much lighter, the two areas sepa-
rated by a well-defined line along middle of sides ; this line passing through
orbit and through the middle of the base of the pectoral tin; back light
grayish, with brownish reticulations, which tend to form 5 or 6 indis-
tinct darker bars uniting with the darker area below the lateral line;
a conspicuous brown crescent at base of caudal and pectorals, broad
below, narrowing above, margined in front with whitish; anal brown at
base; dorsal and caudal with small brown 8j)ot8 forming faint cross series.
A single specimen known. Off coast of Lower California. (Gilbert.)
{crmcenialis, pertaining to a crescent. )

Oobiosoma cretccntalit, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1801,557, off coast of Lower Cal-
ifornia, at Albatross Station 2835, ^4° ^'' N., 110° 19' 15" W., in 79 fathoms.

2504. GOBIOHOMA MVLTIFA8CIATUM, Steindachnor.

Head about 4 ; depth 5J. D. VII-12 (Poey), VI-11 (Steindachner) ; eye 4
in head. Body and head compressed. Angle of mouth little behind center
of eye. Teeth pointed, in several series, those of outer series somewhat
enlfirged. Dorsal rays not filamentous ; caudal fin rounded. Headlight
yellow; a carmine-red bar extending along upper edge of head, from
ui>per corner of gill opening to snout, where it joins its fellow, ending
behind over the pectoral in a small indigo-blue spot; body with 16 or 17
light-green, well-defined cross bars, separated by narrow white stripes.
(Steindachner.) West Indies; known from Cuba, St. Thomas, and the
Lesser Antilles; not seen by us. Its coloration is very different from that
of Gobioaoma, and it may belong to a distinct genus, {multus, many;
fasciatua, banded.)

Oobius Uneatus,*- Poky, Memoriaa, 11, 424, 1861, Cuba; name preoccupied by Oobius litie-

aiut, Jenyns.
Oohiotoma muUifasciatum, Steindachner, Ichtli. Beitriige, v, 183,1870, Lesser Antilles;

Jordan &. Eiqenmann, I. e. , 509; Eigenmann & Eioknmann, I. c, 73.

828. BARBULIFER, Eigenmann &, Eigenmann.

Barbulifer, Eigenmann cfe Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 70 (papilloma).

A series of numerous minute barbels around the mouth and chin ; other-
wise as in Gobioaoma ; body naked, the dorsal spines 7 ; second dorsal and
anal very short, {barbula, a small barbel; fero, I bear.)

mil

I '

2505. BARBULIFKR CEUTHffiCUS (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 3f; depth 7. D. VII-10; eye 4; A. 10. Body slender; head nar-
row and slender, depressed; snout not blunt; mouth terminal, obliqu«',
the maxillary reaching to below eye, 3 in head; eyes close together; chin

* Gobius lineatut is thus described: Head 3J; depth of body 6 in length. D. VII-12;
eye 6 in head. Body elongate, subcylindrical, maxillary extending almost to below
middle of eye ; pectorals rounded ; dorsals high. Yellowisn green ; the body with 20 ver-
tical yellow bauds; a red baud extending from snout to point of opercle; nns yellowish.
Caba. (Foey.) Type .43 mm. in length.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2261

with a fringe of short barbies; vertical fins high, rays not filamentous.
Upper half of head and body brown, finely speckled ; 4 oblong, colorless
areas along base of dorsals and a smaller one on back of caudal peduncle ;
lower parts abruptly pale ; back with 5 or 6 blackiwh cr«)ss bars reaching to
middle of sides, below which they extend as 5 or 6 short V-shaped pro-
jections; a brownish streak below ey<»; a small brown bar on base of
pectoral, and a jet black bar at base of caudal. About Key West; scarce.
(«fi}0o5, a cavity; oLKEOi),i,o inhabit; the type specimeu taken from the
cavity of a sponge.)

iii)bioioma ceuthoecum,, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. TT.S.Nftt.Mus. 1884, 29, Key West; young

(Type in U. S. N. M.) ; Jordan &. Eigenmann, I. c, 508.
liarhulifer papillosus* Eioenmann &. Eioenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1888, 70, Key West,

Florida; adult.

829. TYPHLOGOBIUS, Steindachner.

(Bmni) (ioniES.)

Typhlogobiut, STElNHAcnrKR, Iclith. Beitrilge, vin, 24, 1879 {caU/oniiensu).
oilwnops, KosA Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu». 1881, 19 {eos^^ calif omiensU).

]5ody moderately elongate, compressed, covered with loose, smooth,
Halted skin. Head large, depressed, Avith tumid cheeks. Mouth large,
the maxillary r»*aching to beyond the orbit; jaws eciiial, each with a nar-
low band of villiforiii teeth, the outer teeth slightly enlarged; lower jaw
ciipable of little motion ; snout rounded ; no cirri. Eyes very small, reduced
to mere vestages, covered by skin, and functional only iu the young. Skull
yreatly modified, the brain case quadrate. Fins low ; first dorsal of 2 flexi-
ble spines; second dorsal moderate; anal very short; caudal rounded;
veutral disk as in Gob'ma. Gill openings rather narrow. One species
known; singular blind gobies, living like slugs under rocks between tide
iiiaiks. {tv^Xoz, blind; Gobius.)

* This species, which we Hnppose to he the adult of Harbulifer eeuthmeus, is tlius do-
Hciibfd by Dr. Eigenmann: Head 3| (4i in total) ; dbj.th 4} (SJ). I). YlI-9; A. 9. Body
sliiirt and robust, deepest below first dorsal spine; bend blunt, protlle straight from lirst
(Imsal spine to eye, much curved in front of eye; eye longer than snout, ■'(* in head; inter-
urbital area f diameter of eye; snout blunt; moutli small, oblique; maxillary 3 iu bead,
rcacliing to below anterior margin of pupil; lips thick. About 21 barbels, in length i
orliital diameter or longer, arranged as follows: A series of 7 cross the snout from one
auule of the mouth to tlie opposite angle, the anterior 3 on the snout rather thick and
colored (2 of them nasal), all the others yellowisb, the barbel nearest eacli angle of the
iiumtli longer than any of the others; on tne lower jaw a barbel near each rictus, 2 on the
cliin, behind which are 2 pairs of barbels; posterior to these and below the rictus are 2
bai'bels on each side; 1 slender barbel on each side of ]ireopercle below the posterior mar-
gin of the eye. N'umeroiis rows of pores or ])apillte on the bead; 1 series tixtendiug
straight downward on the anterior part of the opercle, from the upper end of which
aiiotlier 8eri'3s extends perpendicularly backward; otlier pores irregularly scattered on
till* opercle; a double series extending along edge of preoporcle, the pores becoming
larger and esi>eciaUy conspicuous below, meeting on the chin; 6 or 7 series radiating from
eye, i-xteudiug to snout, maxillary, and opercular series below; a row of pores nearlj' Bur-
ruimiling mouth, curving backward, encircling the nasal opening; 1 series about the eye
liiistcriorly, otherwise none on ton of head or nape; tins high and rounded ; second dorsal
higher than first, li in head, cauaal very broad and rounded, enualto the bead iu length;
anal lower than soft dorsal; ventral reaching J to vent, 1 J in Lead; pectoral 1^ in head.
Color yellow; upper half of body with a broad band of purplish spots; 6 diamond-shaped
sjiots of darker cross the band', extending above ond below it ; nape, top of head, and
upper part of cheek covered with dark points; opercle light yellow, cheeks darker; an
olilique bar of black points on upper half of pectoral base, a curve<l bar of fainter spots
on base of caudal; fina otherwise colorless and transparent. Length 1^ inches. (Eigen-

lUUUU.)

■i- . (

i

'^

11 :*.■

I'i

2262 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

\i\f'

2691> TTPHLOGOBiUS CALIF0RMENNI8, Steindachner.

(Blind Goby of Point Loma; Pink-fish,)

Head 3A ; dep+h 5 ; eye 6 ; oye concealed, very small ; D. 11-12 ; A. 12. Ver-
tcbrii' 17 -\- 13. Body siibcyliudrical, the males more compressed behind ;
head ■''^ery bi'.^ad behind, its greatest widtli f its length. Interorbital space
a mere ridge ; skin about mouth and oye very loose ; a suall papilla in Iron t
of nasal opening. Lower lip developed as a fold; another fold of skin
Itehind it, bordered with fine cilia ; behind this fold is a row of short, thick
papilUe; edge of jaw rounded. Spinous dorsal remote from the soft dor-
sal in the male, but connected with it by a low membrane, this membrane
absent in the female; soft dorsal much higher than the spinous; caudal
broad, rounded; anal very short, inserted under sixth dorsal ray, and
coterminous with dorsal ; pectorals little longer than ventrals, 2 in head.
Body naked; males with small tubercular plates irregularly placed.
Skull highest at its posterior part, depressed forward ; the bones all thick
and strong. No lateral crests; a median keel which is lowest behind.
Orbit not bounded by any ridges. Two keels diverge from the posterior
end of the median keel to the insertion of the suprascapula. Premaxil-
laries and mandible very long. Teeth of the upper jaw &11 alike, lorg,
close-set, in a broad band, those of tho lower jaw in a narrow band, the
inner ones apparently larger. Color uniform light pink. Length 2
inches. Coast of Lower California, from San Diego southward to Cerros
Island; an extraordinary fish, found attached to the lower side of rocks
in shallow water or surf; especially coraiuon at Point Loma.

TypMogobiun cali/omiensit, Steindachner, Ichtb. Beitriigo, viii, 24, 1879, False Bay, San
Diego, California (Coll. Prof. Essmark); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 639, 1883;
Jordan & Eigenmann, I. c, 511.

Othonoits eot, Rosa Smith, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 53, Point Loma, California.

*'

''lii't

830. TYNTLASTES, Giinther.
Tijntlcutes, GUnthkr, Proc. Zool. See. L<>iidon 1862, 193 (sagitta).

Body elongate, compressed, covered with small, imbricate, cycloid
scales. Hea«l elongate, quadrangular. Mouth wide, oblique, the lower
jaw projecting; teeth sniall^ in single series, none on vomer or palatines.
Eyes very small, or rudimentary. Dorsal tin single, continuous, about (>
of its anterior rays simple; caudal fin pointed, more or less joined to the
dorsal and anal ; ventral fins united. Air bladder very small or absent.
No pseudobranchia?. Vertebrui 11 -f- 20. Pacific Ocean. \^rvvr\ddtTfi, a
mad-dabbler.)

a. Dorsal and anal «acli wlMi 15 soft rays ; liend 4^ in length. brbvis, 2507.

aa. Soft dorsal and unal oarh with 21 unbranchod or soft rays; head 5§ in length.

SAOITTA, 2598.

2597. TYNTLASTKS UltllYIN (Giinther).
Head 4^; depth 8. D. VI, 15 ; * A. 15. Eyes minute. Jaws each with a

* The dorsul formula is apparently Till, 14 in 2 hulf-digostod specimens taken from the
aiomiuih of a Oentropomnt at Panama. (Gilbert.)

i'i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Avicrica. 2263

series of wido-sot teeth. Caudal fin Mack. (CJiiiither.) I'anama; not
sein by us. {hrevis, short.)

Ainblyopun breviK, GOnt;ieu, I'roc. Zool. Soc. Loiuloii 1S64, 151, Panama; GCnthek, FiHlieH

Centr.Anier.,441,18(i9.
Tiintlaites hrevis Jordan &, Eiokn-mann, I. c, 512.

2598. TYNTLASTKS KAdlTTA (Giinther).

Head SjJ ; depth 9*. D. VI, 21 ; A. 21. Body and head elongate, com-
]»re88ed. Maxillary reaching to behiud eye; teeth subborizoutal, very
Hiuiill. Scales becoming larger posteriorly. Caudal arrow.shaped, about
I in body; pectorals as long as ventrals, 2 in head. Grayish, sides and
under parts silvery; an ovate gray spot before each dorsal ray; caudal
{,'rayish. (Giinther.) Length 9^^ inches. Coast of Lower California;
exact locality unknown, {aagitta, arrow.)

Imblyopus sagitta, GUnthkk, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loudon 1862, 193, "California," probably

from Louver California.
Tijntlastei sagitta, J ORD AH &■ GiLUEr-^Syuoiisis, 639, 1883; Jokdan &. IOiuenmann, (. e.,512.

831. GOBIOIDES, Lacr'pede.
(Bauketos.)

(Uibioides, L vc^PftOE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 580, 1798 (broussonnetii).

Plecopodus, Rafinesque, Analyse de la Nature, 87, 1815 (broussonnetii) ; substitute for

Oobioides, regarded as objectiouable.
Oijnichodes, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class'n Animals, n, 183 and 27C, 1830 (broussonnetii).

Body greatly elongate, compressed behind, the scales very minute;
head small; eyes very small; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw project-
iii<^ ; gill openings moderate. Teeth in a band, those in the outer series
lieiug very strong. Dorsal rays V to VII, 15 to 23; anal rays 16 to 23.
Dorsal tin low, continuous, the spines similar to the soft rays, but mors
widely separated; the aoit dorsal and the anal are joined to base of cau-
dal; ventrals 45, united iii a disk Avhich is formed much as in Gohius. No
air bladder; no pseudoLranchi.e. From Tunioidea {=Amblyopus) the
genus Oobioides is distinguished by the absence of barbels, the presence
of sralos, and by the much smaller number of rays in its vertical tins.
Hrackish waters of the Tropics, reaching a considerable size. (Gohiua;
£i6oi, resemblance.)

a. Eye suinll, but evident; scales evident, larger behind.
aa. Eye minute, not evident ; scales minute.

BIU)U880NNETII, 2599.
PEIICANUS, 2600.

2500. GOBI4UDE8 BKOUSSONTfETII, Lac6p^de.

lload 5i (young) to 7 (adult); caudal 3i^ to 5; eye small but evident, 7
to 10 in head; interorbital space 1 to IJ^ diameter of eye. D. VII, 16; A.
1, 1(). Body elongate, mouth oblique, maxillary extending beyond eye;
teeth in bands, the outer series enlarged, shorter, and closer set than in
('•ohioidvs peruanm; scales twice as large as in7)erMan«8, those on anterior
part of body not imbricated, much sm;<ller than those on posterior part,

% il

> . A

is

2264 Btilletin ^7, United States National Museum.

which arc elongate oval in form. Violet bars extending downward and
forward on the upper part of body ; sometimes a violet spot with a lighter
or darker dot at end of the bars ; head marbled or spotted with dark
violet or brown. (Steindachner.) Length 20 inches or more. West
Indies to Brazil ; common southward, ascending rivers ; once taken near
New Orleans (Bean & Bean). (Named for Dr. Augustin Broussonuet,
professor in the University of Montpelier.)

Oobioides broustonnetii, Lac^pi^dg, Hist. Kat. Poisa., ii, 580, 1798, probably from Surinam,

"given by Holland to France."
Amblyopus brasiliensis, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 69, 1801, Brazil; on drawiug

mode by Prince Maarice ; Cuvieb & A'^alknciennes, Hist. Nat. Polss., xii, 121, 1837.
Oobioui oblongus, Dlocu & Schneider, Syut. Ichth., 548, 1801 ; based on LACl!:rf:DB.
GoUoidet barreto, Poey, Memorias, ii, 282, 1861, Cuba ; PoEY, Synops'M, 394, 1808; PosYt

Enumeratio, 125, 1876.
Amblyopus mexieanus, O'Shacqhnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series iv, vol, xv, 1876, 147,

Mexico.*
Oobioidet brounsoneti, Jordan & Eiobnmann, {. c, 512; Bean Sc Bean,! Proc. U. S. Nat-

Mus. 1895, 631.

2000. CIOBIOIDES PEUUANVS (Steindachner).

Head 5; depth 11. D. VII, 17; A. I, 16. Eye scarcely visible, mnch
smaller than in G. hroussoneti; scales very minute; snout 24^ in post-
orbital part of head; interorbital 5 in head; lower jaw slightly project-
ing; maxillary 2 J in head; a series of large slender teeth in each jaAv,
behind which, in each jaw, is a narrow baud of fine teeth; caudal 4J^ in

* The following is Mr. O'Shaughnessy's deocription of Amblyopu* meaieanua: D. VII,
15; A. I, 15.- Depth 13 in total length. Body covered all over with scale-shaped
crypts. Head naked. Dorsal J height of body. Eye small, but distinct. Snout obtuse;
lower jaw extending a little beyonn upper. Teeth small, close set, the outer series much
smaller and more closely set than iu G. oroussonnetii. Dorsal and anal connected with tl::i
caudal. Upper parts diirk brown, with a series of white spots along the whole length
of the side ; lower parts of sides and belly white. One specimen in the British Museum,
from Mexico, purchased. Length 201 inches. (O'Siiaughnessy.)

This seems to ditler from O. broussonnetii in color only.

t The following description is given by Beau & Bean of O()bioide$brinusonnetii (LEM:6pdde) :
Head 7 ; depth 14. D. VI, 17 ; A. 1, 16. The greatest depth of the head e<iuals the length of
the upper jaw, or about J the length of head withoutsnout. The body is compressed. Its
greatest thickness is contained 1$ times in its greatest depth. The teeth aro in narrow
bauds in ou<;h .jaw, someof those in the outer row enlarged, cauine-like, and curved inward.
All of the teeth are mure or less curved inward and depre88il)le. The vomer and palate orn
toothless. The mouth is oblique, the lowerjaw projecting slightly beyond the upper. The
maxilla extends well behind the eye, its length is slightly mure thtin j[ that of heaa without
thesnout. It' i not much expanded posteriorly. Eyes very small, their diameter equalii:;;
\ length of snout, about equal to width of interorbital space. The snout scsvcely
equals more than j^ of the head's length. Gill oitenings wide, the luembranes wholly
joined to the isthmus. Branchiostegals much curved, 4 in number. The dorsal begins
at a distance from the na,>e equal to the postorbital part of the head, the origin bein^;
about over the end of the extended pectoral. The ventral reaches farther back than tlif

Sectoral, and is longer than that tin, its length e<|ualing postorbitjil part of head. I'lii'
istance of the vent from the tipof the snout equals somewhat more than 3 times tlif

" ' ■• • j^g ^j,^ ^nt ray of

' long and taperiu^s
, the fifth nearly iih
long as the ]>ostorb)tal part of the head. The second dorsal ray is slightly longer. The
anal rays are about ash)ng as those, of the dorsal. The scales aro thin, not imbricated,
excejit on the postt'rior i>art of the head, where they are long and elliptical in shape.
The Iiead and breast are naked. The colors have faded out iu alcohol ; the ground color
appears to have been light brown, with darker blotches on the median line of the boily
under the spinous portion of the dorsal and the anterior part of tlie soft dorsal, (lieiiii
& Bean.) Hen? described from a sjiei-imen obtained in the Gulf of Mexico by Mr. Bob'at
S. Day, of Now Urlcans, Louisiauu, and is No. 38220, U. S. V,oX, Mua.

nisiance oi ine veniirom iiie up oi iiie snoui equais somewiiai mori
length of the head; it is under the interspace between the last ttpin
the dorsal, with a small genital papilla behind it. The caudal is very 1
1 J times as long as the head. The dorsal spines are long and slender.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2265

body, connected by membrane to dorsal and anal ; sides with regular cross
series of pores. Body with narrow angular cross bars; dorsal rays violet,
the membrane yellowish. (Stoiudachner.) Shores of Ecuador and Peru,
ascending rivers.

.l»i&Ji/(y)tw i>ecuonM», Steindachneu, Fiscb-Fauna dcs Cauca unci Fliisse bei Guayaquil,

42, tSHO, Guayaquil.
(lubiuidei peniamts, Eioenmann &. Eioenmann, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., i, 1888,75.

832. CAYENNIA, Sauvage.
Vai/ennia, Sauvage, Bull. Scl. rhiloni., ser. 7, iv, 1880, 57 (guichenoti).

liody much elongate ; dorsals united, caudal free from dorsal and anal ;
ventrals united, not adhering to belly; teeth small, the outer enlarged;
anterior part of body naked, posterior part covered with cycloid scales.
Otherwise as in Gobioides, from which the genus may not bo separable.
(Name from Cayenne.)

2001. €AYEXN1A OUICHEXOTI, Sauvage.

Head 9; depth 17. D. VI, 17; A. 1, 16; vertebne about 36. Head deeper
tliau wide; eye small, placed well forward; maxillary reaching to below
jKtsterior margin of eye; a low membrane connecting dorsal and caudal;
caudal 7 in length; ventrals 1^ in head. Color brownish, marbled with
black anteriorly. Cayenne (Sauvage); not seen by us. (Named for A.
(iiiichenot, formerly ichthyologist of the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle at
Paris.)

Caijennia guichenoti, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Pbilom., ser. 7, iv, 1880, 57 Cayenne ; Eicien-
MANK &. ElOKNMANN, Proc. Ciil. Ac. Sci. 1888,76.

Suborder DISCOCEPHALI.

Bony Ashes " with a suctorial transversely laminated oval disk on the
upper surface of the head (homologous with a Hat dorsal fin), thoracic
ventral tins with ax+ernal spines, a simple basis cranii, iuterma.\illary
bones flattened, with the ascending processes deflected sideways, and
with the supramaxillary bones attenuated backward, llatteued, and
ap])re88ed to the dorsal surface of the intermaxillaries ; hypercoracoid (or
.sciapula) perforated nearly in the center, and with 4 short actinosts
(carpals)." (Gill.)

This remarkable group consists of a single family,/'<o/ie»etdid(('. {8i6Ho<;,
disk; HSfpaXfj, head).

Family CLXXXIX. ECHENEIDID^E.

(Thk Rkmouas.)

liody fusiform, elongate, covered with minute, cycloid scales. Mouth

wide, with villiform teeth on Jaws, vomer, palatines, and usually on

toii^iio. Premaxillaries not protractile. Lower jaw projecting beyond

upper. Spinous dorsal moditied into a sucking disk, which is placed on

3030 65

lui

iii

in

t '

2260 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

'm

1 ■, vi

the top of the head iinil uoc-k, and is ('ompos(-(l of a douhle series of
transverse, movable, cartilaginous plates, serrated on their posterior or
free edges, liy mciius of this disk these fishes attach themselves to other
fishes or to lloatiiig objects, and are carried for great distances in the
sea. Oporcles nnarmed. Pectoral lins placed high; ventral Hns present,
thoracic and close together, I, 5; dorsal and anal fins long, without
spines, opposite each other; caudal tin emargiuate or rounded. Hranchi-
ostegals 7. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill rakers short; gill mem-
branes not united, free from the isthmus. Pseudobranchia! obsolete.
Several i)yloric appendages. No air bladder. No finlets. No caudal
keel. Vertebra' more than 10 + 14. Genera 4 ; species about 10, found in
all seas, all having a very wide range. The species of this group an?
apparently descended from a fossil genus, Opixthomyzon,* Cope {glaroti-
emia), characterized by the small posterior disk and slender body.

The following desi-ription of this family is given by Dr. G;ll : Body
elongated, subcylindrical, diminishing backward gradually from the head
and into the slender caudal peduncle. Anus subcentral. Scales cy<'loid,
very small, and not, or scarcely, imbricated. Lateral line nearly straight
and very faint. Jlcad above oblong and with a flattened straight upper
surface, furnished with an adhesive oblong or elongated, laminated disk.
The eyes are rather small, submedian, and overhung by the disk. Subor-
bital bones forming a slender infraorbital chain; the first or preorbital
triangular and thick. Opercular ajtparatus normally developed and
unarmed. Nostrils double, close together. Mouth terminal or, rather
superior, the lower jaw projrcting, but with the cleft nearly horizontal
and not extending laterally to the eyes. Teeth present on the jaws and
palate. Uranchial apertures ample and fissured forward. Branchiostegal
rays 7 (or H) on each side. The adhesiv«* disk on the upper surface of the
head is a modified first dorsal fin, and from the snout generally extends
more or less posteriorly on the nape and back ; it is oblong or elongated
and of an oval or elliptical form, divided into eijual halves by a longi-
tudinal septum, and with more or less numerous transverse laminie in
each division, the laiiiina* beiug slightly erectile and deprcssible. Dorsal
tin oblong or elongated on the posterior half of the body (including head),
ending some distance from the caudal. Anal fin opposite and s'milar to
the d<u-8al. ('audal fin rather small, variable in outline, but never deeply
forked. Pectoral fins jnoderate, inserted high on the sides. Ventral fins
thoracic, each with a spine and 5 branched rays. The vertebral c<dumn
has vertebra' in slightly increased numbers, the abdominal vertel»ra>, being
about 12 to 14 and the caudal 1.") or 16. The stonuich is ca'cal and the pyloric
cu'ca are present in moderate numbers. The air bladder is obsolete.

* "A cnroful comparison of the proportions of all the parts of th« skeleton of the fossil
KeheneiK with thone of the living forms, such as EchenHi naucratfs or Kcheneis remora.
sliowH tliiit the fo8.sil (litters nearly equally from both, and that it was a more normally
sli!i)ie)l fl»li than either of these forms. The head was narrower and less tlattenert, the
preopereiiliim wider, hut ilM two jawH liad nearly the same length. The ribs, as also the
neiinil and hienial «pini?8, wei e longei , the tail more forked, and the soft dorsal fin nnieh
longer. In fact, it was a more compressed ty|>e, nrohablv a fur better swimmer than its
livingcongenera, as might be expected, if the HmallneHS o^ the adhesive disk is taken into
account." (Storms.) This form (Kcheneit <;laronenui». WellHt«'in) i« made the type of the
genns Opisthotnyzoii, ('ope, the name referring to th j posterior i>ortiou of ttio small disk.
The vertobrie in Opisthomyzon are 10 -f- 13=23.

I

^'lu

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 22G7

Concerning the relations of this family, Dr. Gill has the following
pertinent remarks :

"The family of 6'co«ifttroW(J8 was constituttnl by Cuvier for certain forms
of known organization, among which were iishes evidently related to
Caranx, but which had free dorsal spines. In the absence of knowledge
(if its structure, the genus Elacaie was approximated to sui-h because it
also had free dorsal spines. Dr. Giinther (conceived the idea of disin-
tegrating this faniilj-, because, inter alias, the typical Scomheroidcs (family
Scombridw) had more than 24 vertebrsu and others (family Carangidw) had
just 24. The assumpticm of ('uvier as to the relationship of Elacaie
wiis repeated, but inasmuch as it has 'more than 24 vortebriu' (it has
L'.")-=12 + 13) it was severed from the free-spined CaraiKjidw and associated
with the Scombridw. KUivate has an elon}>ated body, dattish head, and a
colored longitudinal lateral bind; Echenvis has also an elongated body,
llatteuod head, and a longitudinal lateral band; therefore Echemis was
considered to be next allied to Elacaie and to belong to the samt; family.
The very numerous differences in structure betwe»'U the two were entirely
ignored, and the referen<'e of the PJchrticia to the S('o))ibridw is simply due
to assumption piled on assumption. The collocation need not, therefore,
longer detain us. The possession by Evheneis of the anterior oval cephalic
disk in place of a spinous dorsal iin would alone necessitate the isolation
of the genus as a peculiar family. IJut that difference is associated Avith
almost innumerable other peculiarities of the skeleton and other parts,
and in a logical system it must be removed far from the Scombridw, and
probably be endowed with su1>ordinal distinction. In all essential respects
it departs greatly from the type of structure nuinifested in th»* Scombridiv
and rather approximates — but very distantly — the Oobioidea and lilcn-
nioldcn. In those types we have in some a tendency to flattening of the
htad, of anterior development of the dorsal tin, a simple Itasis <'ranii, etc.
Nevertheless, there is no close affinity nor even any tendency to the
oxtffnie modification of the spinous dorsal exhibited by Echeneis. In
\iew of all these facts Echcnch, with its subdivisions, nuiy be regarded as
constituting not only a family ))ut a suborder. * * » Who can con-
sistently object to the ])roposition to segregate the Echeneididw as a sub-
order of teleoce])haleous fishes f Not thos«^ who consider tluit tlw develop-
ment of 3 or 4 inarticulate rays (or even less) in the fiont of the dorsal fin
is sufiicient to ordinarily differentiate a given form from another with only
1 or 2 such. Certainly the difference between the constituents of a disk
and any rays or spines is much greater than the mere development or
atrophy of articulations. Not those who consider that the manner of
depression of spines, whether directly over the following, or to the right
or left alternately, are of ordinal importance; for such difi'erences again
are manifestly of less morphological significance than the factors of a suc-
torial disk. Nevertheless, there are doubtless many who will passively
resist the proposition because of a conservative spirit, and who will
vaguely recur to the development of the disk as Iteing a ' teleological
niutlification,' and as if it were not an actual fact and a development cor-
related with radical modifications of all parts of the skeleton at least.
lUit whatever may be the closest relations of Echencie, or the systematic

»^

i

]

t

1
■

1

:

: \

.1 '

I
1

1

-.

i

22G8 Bulletin ^y, United Slates National Mnsctim.

! :: :ll

value of its peculiarities, it is certain that it is uot allied to Elacaie any
more tLau to others of the hosts of Scombroid, Percoid, and kindred iishes,
and that it differs in toto from it, notwithstanding the claims that have
been nuule otherwise. It is true that there is a Ntriking resemblance,
especially between the young — alnios" as great, for example, as that
between the placental mouse and the marsupial Antechinomys — but the
like is entirely superlicial, and the scientific ichthyologist should be no
more misled in the case than woulc^ the scientific therologist by the
likeness of the marsupial and placental mammals."

a. Body very slender, the vertebraj 14+ 10:-; 30 ; ventrals n.arrowly adnate to abdomen;
lower jaw produced in a flap; pectorals acute, with flexible rays.
b. Laminn; 10 only. Phtheihichthys, 833.

lb. Laiiiintv 20 to 28. Echeneis, 834.

aa. Body rather robust, the vcrtcbrse 12+16=27; ventrala broadly adu ate to abdomen;
lower jaw not pro<luced; pectorals rounded.
c. Laiuiuu; 24 to 27. Eemileqia, 835.

ce. Laminiu 16 to 20.

d. Pectoral rays soft and flexible. Remora, 836.

dd. Pectoral rays stiff and ossified. Khohuuchirus, 837.

833. PHTHEIRICHTHYS, Gill.

Phtheiriehthyt, GuA,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 239 (lineata).

Disk with 10 laminse ; palatines with sharp teeth ; teeth in pairs, uniform
in all ages ; otherwise as in Echeneis. A single species, found attached to
speartishes and Barracudas, (ipdstp, a louse; ix^v?, fish.)

2602. PHTHEIRICHTHYS LINEATU8 (]^Ienzie.s).

Head 5 ; disk twice as long as broad, its length 4^1" body. D. X-33 ; A.
33. Lowt;r jaw very narrow, much projecting. Body blackish, with 2
whitish lateral bands; all the fins white-margined. Tropical seas, rang-
ing north to Routh Carolina and Pensacola ; rather rare, {lineatus, striped. )

Echenew lineata, Menziks, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, i, 1791, 187, pi. 17, fig. 1, Pacific Ocean

between the tropics ; GOnther, Cat., n, 382, 1860.
Echeneig tropica, Euphrasen, Nya Handl., xn, 317, 1791, Atlantic between the Tropics.
Eehenei* apicalis, PoEV, Meniorins, 11, 254, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)
Eehenein gphyrcenarum, Poet, Meiuorias, 11, 255, 1861, Cuba, on Barracudas. (Coll. Poey.)
Phtheiriehthys lineatut, Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 960, 1883.

IH':- I

834. ECHENEIS (Artedi) Linnatus.

Echeneis (Arted:) LinNjKUs, Sys't. Nat., Ed. x, 260, 1758 (naucrates).

Leplecheneis, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hlla. 1864, 60 (naticrates) ; the name Echeneis being
transferred to E. remora, the only species known to Artedi.

Body comparatively elongate, the vertebra; 14 + 16 = 30; disk long, of
20 to 28 lamini«; pectoral pointed, its rays soft and flexible; soft dorsal
and anal long, of 30 to 41 rays each ; caudal lunate in the adult, convex in
the young. Species of wide distribution, attaching themselves mainly to
sea turtles and large fishes. {ixevTfii, an ancient name, from exao, to
hold back; vavi, a ship.)

,.Ji

Jordan and Evcrmann . — Fishes of North America. 2209

a. Disk of 22 to 20 laiiiiniv (rarely 21 or 28), its IcnKtli l«"»s tlinn J Iwxly.

NAT'CHATES, 260n.

aa. Disk of 20 or 21 liiniiiiir, its lengtli nioro than \ ImhIv. nauckateoides, 2604.

2003. J':(:ilKNKIS >AU<'RATKS, Liiinaus.

(SlIAUK-SUrKER; TeOA ; PEOADOK; SrCKINOFISH.)

Iloiul oi ; depth 11 to 12. D. XXII t.. XXVIII (rar<"l.v XXI)-32 to 41 ; A.
;{1 to 38. Breadth between pi'ctorals 7i; disk 4 to 5 in body; eye 5 in
hrad; snont 2^^; maxillary 3; from angle of month to tip of lower Jaw 2j ;
pectoral 1^^ ; ventrals 1^; middle camlal rays \\\ highest anal ray 2;
hijiliest dorsal ray 2^; width of disk 2Hn its leiifrth; base of dorsal 2A,
anal 2\, in body. Body elongate, snbtereto, slender. Lowct jaw strongly
projecting, the tip Hexiblo; maxillary reaching nostril; teeth uniform
in the adult, the young with series of small slender teeth in advance of
<he others; gill rakers short and slender, abont equal to pnpil; vertical
fins low. Anal r.ays higher than dorsal .anteriorly; pectorals reaching
very slightly past tips of ventrals; origin of ventral spine nnder middle
of pectoral base ; inner rays of ventral fins iaarrowly adnate to the abdo-
men ; dorsal and anal commencing and ending opposite each other; caudal
with the middle rays produced in the young, the fin becoming emargi-
iiate or Innate with age. Color brownish; belly dark, like the back, as
usual in this family; sides with a broad stripe of darker edged with
whitish extending through eye to snout; caudal black, its outer angles
whitish; pectorals and ventrals black, sometimes bordered with pale;
dorsal and anal broadly edged with white anteriorly; adult nearly uni-
t'oriii dark brown, not paler below. Warm seas, universally distributed ;
comnion north to Cape Cod and occasionally to San Francisco, attaching
itself to turtles and to largo fishes. This species is very common in the
tropics, being found attached to sharks, groupers, or any other large fish,
wi thoutregard tospecies. Few large sharks at Key West are without them.
They are often caught with hook and lino from the wharf, where they fre-
quently forsake their host to take the bait. Liitken's remark that only
lltmora rcmora has been recorded from sharks is no longer true. Several
writers have recognized 2 species of Echeneia proper — naiicrates, with 22 to
'M lamime, the disk 4 to 5 in body, and naitcrateoidea {=alhieanda = hol-
hrooki = Uneatus), in which the disk is longer, 3.if ^,o 4 in body, but com-
posed of fewer, 20 or 21, lamiine. The latter foi*m is rather commoti on
our coiist, the specimens from Key West above mentioned having 21. We
doubt the existence of any permanent difference between the twu, but
]»rovisionally retain Echeneis naucrateoides as a species distinct from Eche-
ncis naucrates until more complete comparison can be made. {naitcraUa, a
pilot; vavi, ship; xparea), to govern, guide.)

V.ehfneis neucrates (misprint for natierates), Linn*:us, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 261, 1758, "in

Pelago Indico ;" GUnthek, Cat., n, 384, 1860 ; Jordan &. Gh.hkrt, Synopsis, 416, 1883.
Keheneig albicauda, Mitchill, Amer. Monthly Mag., ii, 1817, 244, New York.
i:chcuei* lunata, Bancroft, Free. Comm. Zool. Soo., i, 1830, 134, Kingston, Jamaica.
? Echeneit vittata, Lowe, Free. Zool. Soo. Lond. 1830, 89, Madeira.
i:ch<'tiei»/a»cia*u, (iHONOW, Kd. <^rfty, 92, 1854, Mediterranean Sea.
LepU-'-meis nauerateg, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60.

■ii

i

! ■

w

, ;

!i ir

. tW^. i r-':»i.<,-»wv. ..l«J

w^

2270 Diillctin 47, United States National Museum.

Eeht-neis vittata, Kl'PPEiX, Neue Wirb. Flsclie, 82, 1835, Red Sea.
Eeheneii) guaiacan, Poky, Memorias, ii, 248, 1801, Cuba ; young. (Coll. Poey.)
Echeneig vertiealis, Piiky, Memorias, ii, 2.53, 1861, Cuba ; young.

Eoheneit metalUca,'PoEY, Memorias, ii, 252, 1801, Cuba; D. xxiii, 40; A. 37; large speci-
men, metallic {rreen, tlie bands faint. (Coll. Poey.)
Eeheneis /usca, (iHONOW, Cat. Fish., 92, 1854; after E. naucratet, L.

2004. RCIIENEIS NAIJCRATEOIDKS, Zaiew.

Head 5 ; depth 11. D. XX or XXI-32 to 35 ; A 33 to 35. Disk 3J to 3| in
total, twice width of body between pectorals. In all other r«^8pect8 essen-
tially as in Echene'm vaucratcx, the disk longer, bnt composed of fewer
lamina', the laminic. being farther apart. Color of Eeheneia itaucrates.
Cape Cod to West Indies, common on onr south Atlantic coast; speci-
mens before ns from Key West, (naucratea, vaunpocTTf?, a pilot; Eido(;,
resemblance.)

Eeheneis neiicratoides, ZuiEW, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petropol., iv, 1789, 279, no locality.
Echeneit liiieata, HoLBiiooK, Ichtii. S. C, 102, 1860, Charleston, South Carolina ; not uf

Me.vzies.
Eeheneis holbrooki, OOntiier, Cat., il, 382, 1860, Jamaica ; D. xiii, 35; A. 33.
Lejitecheneit navcrateoides, Gill, I. c, 61.

835. REMILEGIA, Gill.
Jiemilegia, Gii.L, I'roc. Ac. Niit. Soi. Phila. 1864, 61 (australit).

This genns differs irom Remora chiefly in the length of the sucking disk,
which has 24 to 27 lamina; ; the soft dorsal and anal arc proportionately
short. ( A metathesis for rcmeligo, the delayer or hinderer.)

i! ^^^1

2006. RKMILEfllA AUSTRALIA (Bennett).

D. XXVII-22; A. 21 to 23. The length of the disk is 2 J in the total, the
width of the body between the pectorals 5f. Caudal truncated; dorsal
and anal flns not continued to the caudal. Color brown. This species
has the general habit of E. remora, but may be readily distingaished from
all the others by the extraordinary size of the disk, which is elongate,
subelliptical, obtusely rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, and formed by
27 pairs of larainas; it extends backward beyond the vertical from the
tip of the ventrals, and its length is 2^ in the total. The spines with
which the single lamina .are armed are less conspicuous than in the other
species, and do not offer the same resistance to the touch. There ie a
large posterior portion of the disk which is not provided with laniin:i',
but quite smooth. The width of the disk, taken between the extremitiefs
of the bony lamiuic, is ^ of its length; the membranaceous margin in
bent upward. The head and the body below the disk are depressed, and
their height is 9| in the total length, whilst the width between the pec-
torals is 5} in it. The body between the disk and the vertical fins is
quadrangular, tapering posteriorly. The upper jaw is subtruncated, and
overreached by the lower, Avhich is much narrower; both are armed with a
broad band of villiform teeth, and with an outer series of larger ones on

i

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2271

theaideH; the vomerine und pulatino bones have a coiitinuons biin<l of
t«>eth, narrowest on the vomer; the tongue is hard, curtilaginous, and
destitute of teeth. The cleft of the month reaches only to the vertical
from the nostril; the eye is small. The pectoral \n rounded and small, its
length being I of the total; the ventrals are slightly pointed, and, as in
all the species of the genus, composed of 1 spine, hidden in the skin,
and 4 soft rays ; they are inserted immediately behind the vertical from
the pectoral, which they ec^nal in length; they can be received in a shal-
low groove on the abdomen. The distance between the dorsal and the
disk is 3^ in the length of the latter; the dorsal is low, and enveloped in
a thick membrane. The caudal is truncated when stretched out. The
anal is very similar to the dorsal, and its origin and termination fall ver-
tically below those of the latter. The scales are minute, and can be per-
ceived only by the aid of a magnifier; they ar " embedded in pore-like
cavities. (GUnther: description of type of Eoue.ne'ia scutata.) Tropical
seas; rare; recorded by Dr. Liitken from 10" N., 39'-' W. (Coll. Capt. V.
Hygom) from a dolphin; not seen by us. {au$traU», southern.)

Echeneia australis, Bennett, Narr. Whaling Voyage, n, 273, pis. 34-26, 1840.
Echeneia scutata, aCNTHEK, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hi.st. 1860, 401, pi. 10, f. 15, Ceylon (Coll. Dr. Sib-
bald) ; GOntheu, Cat. Fish., u, 381, 1860; LCtken, Vid. Medd. Kjiibenh. 1875, 42.

si

'Ik '

;;r

836. REMORA, Gill.
(Remoras.)

llemora. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Thila. 1862. 239 (rentom).

Echeneit, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philu. 1864, 00 (remora) ; not Echeneis, Gill, 1862,

restricted to nauerates,
RemoropsiB, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60 (brachypterus).
Ilemorina, JoRDAH & Evebmann, Check-List Fishes, 400, 1896 {albeaens).

Body rather robust, the vertebrae 12 + 15 = 27 ; disk shortish, of 13 to 18
lamina) ; pectoral rounded, its rays soft and flexible ; soft dorsal and anal
moderate, of 20 to 30 rays ; caudal subtruncate. Species attaching them-
selves to large fishes, especially to sharks. {Remora, an ancient name,
"holding back.")

REMORA, 2000.

ALBESCENS, 2C07.
nKACHVPTEBA, 2608.

ItBMORA :

a Lamina! about 18; soft dorsal with 23 rays.
aa. Laniiuii; 13 to 16.
Kehorina :

h. Dorsal rays XIII, 22.
IlEMORoi'.si8 (Remora: oi(«iv, appearance) :
hb. Dorsal rays XIV, XVI, 29 to 32.

Subgenus REMORA.

2G06. BEMOIU REMOKA (Linniuus).

(Remora.)

Head 4 ; disk 2f ; width between pectorals 5i. D. XVIII-23 ; A. 25 ; ver-
tebra^ 12 -|- 15. Body comparatively robust, compressed behind. Pectoral
tins rounded, short, and broad, their rays short and flexible; ventral fins

i^ ^

n

■''!i«!f i

Ilj|lii I l|M«i

2272 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

adnate to the abdomen for more than \ the length of their inner edge.
Tip of lower jaw not produced into a flap; head broad, depressed; disk
longer than the dorsal or the anal fin; maxillary scarcely reaching front
of orbit. Caudal lunate; vertical fins rather high; pectoral i^ length of
head. Color l)lacki8h, nearly uniform above and below. Length 15 inches.
Warm seaH, north to New York and San Francisco, where it is not rare;
usually found attached to large Hharks; very common in the West Indies;
more robust than Echeneis naucrates, and reaching a smaller size.

Echeneu remora, Lifts jevb, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 260, 1758, " in Felago Indioo ;" GUnthbb, Cat.,
u,378,18<50; LUtken, Vid. Modd. Kjobenb. 1875, 38 ; Jordan & Gilbeht, Synopsis, 417,
1883.

Echeneit tqualipeta, Daldorf, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk., ii, 1797, 157, Atlantic Ocean between
the tropics ; GCntheu, Cat., n, 377, 1860.

EeheneUjaeobaa, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839, 89, Madeira.

Echeneis remoroidet, Blebker, Batoit, ii, 70, Batoe.

Echeneis parva, Gronow, Cat. Fisli,, Ed. Gray, 92, 1854, no locality ; after E. remora, L.

Echeneis postica, Poky, Memorias, n, 255, 1861, Havana. (Coll. Poey.)

Remora jaeobcea, Gill, Proc. A.c. Kat. Sci. Pbila. 1862, 230.

Rhombochi

i'- ;

Subgenus REMdRINA, Jordan cV Evermann.
2007. ItKMORA ALBESCENS (Temminck & Schlogol).

Length of disk 3k to 3J in total length ; width between pectorals 5 to 5i ;
number of laminio on disk 13 or 14. D. XIII-22; A. 22. Angle of mouth
in the vertical from the third lamina of the disk. Length of ventral fins
equal to the distance between root of pectoral and posterior margin of
eye. Color uniform grayish brown. (Giinthor.) Tropical Pacific, stray-
ing to America; a specimen taken at La Paz, Gulf of California (Streets),
and 1 in the Gulf of Mexico (13ean). {albescens, whitish.)

Echeneis albescens,'rEmiivcK SlSchleosl, Fauna Japonica.Poiss., 272, pi. 120, flg. 3, 1842,

Japan ; GUnther, Cat., u, 377, 1860 ; Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., vn, 54, 1877.
Remora albescent, Jordan, Cat. Fishes, 66, 1885.

Subgenus REMOROPSIS, Gill.
8608. REMORA BRACilYPTEBA (I.owe).

Head nearly 4; width between pectorals 6 J. D. XIV to XVI-29 to 32;
\. 25 to 30. Body robust, the greatest depth nearly twice the length of
the short pectoral fins; disk shorter than base of dorsal, rather broad;
upper jaw angular. Caudal nearly truncate. Light brown, darker below,
fins paler. Warm seas, occasionally north to Cape Cod. {fipax'V's, short ;
nrepov, fin.)

Echeneis braehyptera, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839, 89, Madeira; GVniher, Cat.,

n, 378, I860; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 417, 1883.
Echeneit texdecimlamellata, Eydoux & Gebvais, Yoy. Favorite, v, 77, pi. 31, 1839, Indian

Ocean ?
Echeneit quatuordeeimlaminatus, Storer, Kept. Fishes Mass., 155, 1839, Holmes Hole.
Echeneis pallida, Tbhhinck & Scin.EciBL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 271, pi. 120, tig. 2, 3, 1842,

Japan.
Echeneis nieuhofii, Blbeker, Sumatra, ii, 279, Sumatra.
Aemoroptisbrachypterut, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1864, 60.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2273

837. RHOMBOCHIRUS, Gill.

EhomhochiruK, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliilu. ISKJ, 88 (mleoehir).

This gonns agrees with liemora in ov«*ry rospcct excepting the structnro
of the pectoral lins. Thcsts are short and broad, rhonil»ic in outline, the
rays all flat, broad and stiff, being partially ossified, although showing
tlic usual articulation ; upper rays of p«^ct«>riil broader than the others.
One species known. (f)6jiiftoi, rhouih; xftfj,haiu\.)

200». RII0XB0rilIltII8 OSTKOeiilR(Cuvior).

Hcad4J in length; disk 2^; width between pectorals 5. D. XVIII-21
to 23 ; A. 20 or 21 ; P. 20. Mouth very small, maxillary not nearly reach-
ing to the line of the orbit; outer scries of teeth longer than the others.
Disk very large, broader and rougher than in liemora remora, extending
forward beyond the tip of the snout. Caudal fin omarginate, with rounded
angles. Light brown ; underKido of head, ventral line, part of ventrals
and a spot on pectoralH pale. West Indies north to Cape Cod; parasitic
on species of Tetrapturua ; rather rare, (odreor, bono; ;f«z/3, hand.)

Kchcneig o$teoehir, Cuvibr, Regno Animal Ed. 2, vol. ii, 348, 1829, no locality given ;

Glnthbb, Cat., II, 381,1860; Jordan & Giliikrt, Synopsis, 418, 1883.
KehoieM tetrapturorum, PoEY, Meniorias, n, 256, 1858, Cuba. (Coll. Po«y.)

Group TRACHINOIDEA.
(The Trachinoid Fishes.)

A large group of transitional forms, some of them of doubtful relation-
si lips, showing affinities with the I'ercoidea on the one hand and with the
llntrachoididce and Blennoidea on the other. In general, the spinous dorsal is
short or weak, the soft dorsal long and similar to the anal, and the squama-
tion is less complete and less ctenoid than in the Percoidea. The skull is, in
general, depressed, with the supraocular crest low, and the suborbital stay
is wanting, although in some genera the suborbital bones are enlarged.
Tlio bones of the skull are not strongly armed, and the ventral fins are
often inserted well forward, and they are sometimes reduced in size.
'J'iie group is divided by Dr. Gill into Percophidoidea, Trachinoidca, and
I'ranoHcopoidea, The two latter groups are natural and related, but, as
Dr. (jill observes, "the Percophidoidea are undoubtedly a heterogeneous
group and need a thorough revision." The relations of Bathymaster, Tricho-
doii, and Latilu8 especially are uncertain. Several of t)"" leading families
of tliis group are confined to the South Temperate Zone, and none of the
Tracliiuidw occurs within our limits.

n. Month horizontal or moderately oblique, the lips not fringed; eyes lateral; ventral
rays I, 5, their insertion more or less before the pectorals ; suborbitAls moderate;
gills 4, a slit behind the fourth.
h. Snout Bubconic, not prolonged and spatulate ; ventrals not widely separated.
e. Body covered with scales; dorsal spines flexible.

d. Lateral line complete ; caudal fin forked ; vertcbnn 24 to 27.

MALACANTHIU^., 0X0.

I : I

m

1

i
»

E

!

1

j

tt

;i..i;

M.. Vi'.,l^i.J-iJ(/i^

,^;:J

2274 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

dd. Lateriil lino incomplete, running cIoho to the back; caudal roundotlor
lani^eiilato; dorHiil (In continnoiiH.
f, Vertebrii) about 27 ; scales cycloiti ; maxillary more or less dilated
boliind, with a supplemental bono; middle rays of vontraln

longest. Oi'lSTHOONATHIDiK, OXri.

ee. Vertebra' about 50; scales ctenoid; muxillary not dilated, witli
out supplement bone; inner rays of ventrals longest.

liATIIVMASTEKII)^:, OXCIt.

ce. Body naked; snout short; mouth very largo, tlio maxillary niucli iiroduccil

behind; Jaws with sharp canines; liiteriil line well developed; dorsals

3; caudal forked. Chiasmodontid/K, cxciii.

66. Snout mucli prolonged and H]>alulate; vi-ntrals widely separated ; body scaly

or naked; lateral line near the back; dorsal usually divided.

OU^NICIlTliyiD^, cxciv.
aa. Mouth vertical, the lips fringed.

/. Eyes lateral; gills 4, a slit behind the last; preopercle armed; body naked,
compressed ; caudal lunate, on u slender pitduncle ; vertebrnt about 48.

Teichodontid^, CXfV.

ff. Eyes superior; gills more or less reduced, usually 3J, the last slit small <>r

wanting ; suborbitals more or less dilated ; body scaly or naked.

g. Lateral line well developed, concurrent with the back anteriorly; dorsMl

si>ines slender, not pungent ; vertebric about 25 to 30.

h. Ventral rays I, 3. DACTYLoscopiDiE, oxcvi.

gg. Latei-al line obscure; dorsal spines few, more or less pungent, some.

times obsolete. UBAN08C01M1).*;, oxcvii-

Fiiuiily CXC. ]VIALA(!ANTHIDJ<:.

t 11

(TMK BLAN(iUILL08.)

Body more or lesa elongate, fusifonn or compressed. Head subcorneal,
the anterior proiile usually couvex; suborbital without bony stay; tbe
bones not greatly developed ; cranial bouos not cavernous ; opercular bones
mostly unarmed. Mouth rather terminal, little oblique; teeth rather
strong ; no teeth on vomer or palatines ; the premaxillary usui '.ly with a
blunt posterior canine, somewhat as in the Labridai; premaxillaries pro-
tractile; maxillary without supplemental bone, not slipping under tlie
edge of the preorbital. Gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth ; psendo-
branchia) well developed ; gill membranes separate, or more or less united,
often adherent to the isthmus ; lower pharyngeals separate. Scales small,
ctenoid; lateral line present, complete, more or less concurrent with the
back; dorsal fin long and low, usually continuous, the spinous portion
always much less developed than the soft portion, but never obsolete ; p ual
fin very long, its spines feeble and few; caudal fin forked; tail dipliy-
cercal; ventrals tlioracic or subjugular, 1, 5, close together; pectoral tins
not very broad, the rays all branched; vertebric in normal or slightly
increased number (24 to 30). Pyloric cneca few or none. Fishes of the
temperate and tropical seas, some of them reaching a large size. Genera
about 6; species about 8 to 10, mostly American. The relationships of tbe
family are obscure, and it may be that the genera here associated are not
really closely allied. (MalacanthUla;, Giinther, Cat., iii, 359, 1861; Tia-
ehinidw, part, Giinther, Cat., ii, 225-264, 1860.)

^1

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2275

Malacanthin^. :

rt. Vertebrie 24 ; prcoperclo entire.
h. Soft ilornal and anal oxfrcnu^ly long, earh witli morn than 40 rays; preoporcle entire;
form Hlonder ; males very Huiall. Malacanthus, 81)8.

iia. Vertebra) more than 24 ; preoperclo more or lesH Bor>-ate.

CAULOLATILINjK:

0. Soft (lorHal and anal moderate, each witli 22 to 27 soft rays; preopert'le serrate;
scales ratluM' Hiiiall; form robust.
d. Upper jaw with posterior canines; dorsal spines graduated.

CAULOI.A'riI.U8, 830.
LATILlNyK :

ce. Soft dorsal and anp.l short, each of 13 to 15 soft rays; preopercle dentituilate; srales
small ; form robust.
e. Nape with a large adipose appendage; a fleshy prolongation on each side of the
labial fold, extending forward behind angle of mouth.

LOIMIOLATILCS, 840.

I -Hill

838. MALACANTHUS, Cuvier.

(MATA.TUELO liLANCO.)

MalaeanthtiH, CI'VIKR, Ki'gne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. ii, 205, 1829 (/(JwHum).

Body elongate, slightly compressed; cleft of month horizontal, with
the jaws equal; eyes lateral; scales very small, minutely ciliated; one
continuous dorsal, with the first 4 to 6 rjiys not articulated; dorsal and
anal very long; pectoral rays all branched; jaws with villiforra teeth; an
(inter series of stronger teeth, s jme of them canine-liko, and with a canine
at the posterior extremity of the intermaxillary ; no teeth on the palate ;
preojjercle entire ; opercle with a spine; gill rakers little developed; ver-
tebriB in small number, 104-14=24. One species, a shore fish of tropical
America. (//a/la«d5, soft; auavBa, s^m%.)

2G10. MALACANTHUS PLUMIERI (BIocli).
(Matajuelo Blanco.)

nead.3J ; depth 6i. D. VI, 49 ; A. 48 ; scales 14-130-30 ; eye 5 J in head ; max-
illary 2J; snout 2i; P. 2; longest dorsal rays 3, equal to anal ray; upper
ciuulal lobe Ijf. Body elongate, little compressed. Head moderately
long and pointed; eye placed high; interorbital flat, as wide as eye; pro-
lile of head obliquely straight from tip of snout to above nostril, where
there is a slight angle formed, thence nearly horizontally straight to
tlorsal. Mouth large, maxillary reaching slightly pa«t the vertical from
jiosterior nostril; jaws equal; a band of villiform teeth in upper jaw
}j;r<>wing broader anteriorly, and another row of small, even, conical teeth
at the sides, and 6 well-developed canines in front, the 2 outer ones the
larjL'est; a canine on premaxillary at angle of mouth; villiform teeth in
lo'ver jaw not extending very far back; large recurved canines on side of
jiiw anteriorly, small conical teeth in front and on sides posteriorly, with
a single large canine at angle of mouth; gill rakers rudimentary, about
5 -f- 7. Top of head forward from above middle of eye,, preorbital, and
lower jaw, naked; fins withou scales. Dorsal and anal similar, long
and low, continuous; pectoral reaching past tips of ventrals to fror': of

.Ij: . ,i -ti ti- 'if

1 1

2276 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

W:

%A

anal; vcntrals not reaching to vent, origin of ventral spine slightly
behind base of pectoral; caudal forked, the lobes elongate, sometimes
produced into a filament. Color in spirits, uniform, pale olive brown
above, whito below ; fins light brownish ; no distinct markings. Length
15 inches. West Indies, rather common; used as food. Here described
from specimens from Havana. (Named for Vista Plumier, of Martinique.)

Ilatejuelo bl^^neo, Parra, Dif. Piezas Hist. Nat. Cuba, 22, tab. 13, f. r. 1787, Cuba.
Corpphcena plumieri, Bloci.i, lubthyol., v, 119, pi. 175, 1787, Martinique; from a drawing

by Plumier.
Malaeanthtu truehinus, Yalbncifnnes, in C'JVIBR, Rjigne Animal, pi. 90, fig. 3.
Spants ohlongus, Elocu &- Schneider, Syst. Ichtb., 283, 1801 ; after Parra.
Malaeanthtu plumieri, Cuvieb & Yalenciennes. llist. Nat. PoisS., xiii, 319, 380, 1839,

specimens from San Domingo ; GOnther, Cat., Ill, 359, 1861.

839. CAULOLATILUS, Gill.
(Blanquillos.)

Caulotatihtt, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. I862, 240 (no diagnosis), and Gill, Proc.Ac

Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, 66 (chryaopt).
I>ehj,ya, Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1864, 70 (2yrineep$), not Dekayia, Milne- jSdwards &

Hatme, 1851, a genus of corals.

Body elongate, subfnsiform, not strongly compressed, heavy forward,
tapering to a rather slender caudal peduncle ; profile of head strongly
arched; mouth moderate, little oblique, the jaws nearly er; lal ; lips thick ;
ff'.axillary narrow, not slipping under the preorbital; teeth in villiform
bands, preceded by a row of stronger acute teeth ; posterior teeth in each
jaw canine-like, directed forward; posterior canines of upper jaw largest;
no teeth on vomer or palatines; ^.'-eopercle pectinate, the teeth nearly
even; opercle with a blunt, f^ at spine; eyes large, lateral ; gill membranes
slightly connected, forming a fold across the isthmus, with which they
are narrowly joined; branchiostegals 6; gill rakers short and stout; nos-
trils double, round, close together; scales small, firm, ctenoid ; lateral line
continuous, concurrent with tliC back ; dorsal with 7 to 9 slender, pointed,
graduated spines and 22 to 27 soft rays; anal similar to soft dorsal, with
1 or 2 small spines and more than 20 soft raj's; caudal fin forked; ventral
fiiiB thoracic; no adipose appendage at the nape; vertebne 12+15 =:27.
Large fishes of the warm seas of America; valued as food. (HavXa?,
stem; Latilus; being distinguisned from Latilua by the many rays.)

a. Scales small, about 125 in tbe lateral line, about 50 in a transverse series.

b. Eye large, 4) in tbe bead ; depth 4 in length ; scales 16-125-40.

PRINCEPS, 2611.

hh. Eye small, 0 in bead; depth 3J In body; scales 13-120-35. hicrops, 2612.

an. Scales larger, about 1U8 in the lateral line, about 25 in a transverse series ; scales

12—108—25. OYANOPfi, 2013.

aOll. CAULOLATILUS PRINCKPH (Jonyns).
(B1.ANQCILLO; White-fish.)

Head 3S; depth 4. D.IX,24; A. II, 23; scales 16-125-40. l-'lesh of the
occiput becoming thick with age, as in Ifiirpe. Eye large, abont i the
convex iutei'orb Hal space, 4 Ji in head; inaxillarics reaching fVoiit of eye;

m

Jordan and Ever manti. — Fishes of North America. 2^11

teeth rather strong; preopercie liuoly, evenly, and acutely serrate behiml,
uearly entire below; preopercie, iutoropercle, and preorbital naked;
cheeks and opercles scaly: top of head scaled on the median lino to be-
tween the eyes; dorsal spines iiexible; ventrals slightly behind the pec-
torals, the outer rays longest; caudal nioderaiely forked, the upper lobe
tilt; longer; caudal peduncle short and slender, abruptly contracted; pec-
torals falcate, longer than caudal, {^ length of the head. Olivaceous, with
liluish rellections; brownish above, greenish below; fms light greenish
olive, tinged with bluish and orange, the colors always pale; dorsal and
anal greenish, with a bluish band near the tip ; <ixi) dusky. Eocky islands
of the Pacific coast from Monterey southward to the Galapagos; abun-
diint about the Santa Barbara Islands* a food fish of considerable impor-
ts nee. Length 40 inches. We are unable to detect any differences by
wliich the Californian form, Caulolatilus atiomalua, can be separated from
VanlolatUus princepa, {prineeps, a leader.)

Lutilm itnnceps,3v,TXYJXS, Zool. Beaglo, Fishes, 52, pi. 11. 1840, Chatham Island, Galapagos
Archipelago (Coll. Charles Darwin) ; GCntheu, Cat., n, 253, 18G0.

Ddaiia anomalr, Coupeb, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 18G4,7U, coast of Southern California.

Vaiilolatilus affinig,GiLL, Pruc. Ac. Ifat. Sci. PLila. 1SC5, C8, Cape St. Lucas. (Coll. Joliu
Xautus.)

Canlolatilut prineeps, GlLL, {. c. 68.

Ca idolatilu* anomalus, Gill, I. c. 08 ; Streets, Hull. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vn, 48, 1877 ; Jordan &.
GILUEUT, Synopsis, 025, 1883.

2012. 0AUL0LATIL18 MICKOPS, Goode & Beau.

Head 3^; depth 3^. D. VII, 25; A. 1, 23; scales 105 counting the oblique
series, 120 counting the row above lateral line; transverse rows 12 + 30;
eve 5^ in head; snout 2; maxillary 2^; pectoral 1^; ventral 2iJj; ; highest
(lornal spine 3i ; highest anal rays 3.' ; upper caudal lobe 1|. Body rather
rohust; upi»er profile of head rather steep, evenly rounded from tip of
snout to dorsal; nostrils small, midway between eye and tip of snout,
si'])arated by a distance et^ual to i diameter of pupil : mouth large, maxil-
lary scarcely reaching to anterior margin of eye; lips thick; lower jaw
iiit'luded; jaws with small conical teeth, the outer row enlarged, eanine-
liku, a large tooth on posterior end of maxillary at angle of mouth ; pre-
upcrule finely and evenly serrate on its vertical limb ; a broad flat spine on
opurcle; snout, preorbital and lower jaw naked; fins soaleless; dorsal and
anal similar, long and low; pectorals reaching far past tips of ventrals to
vent; origin of ventral si^iue about the length of 2 scales behind the ver-
tical from pectoral base; caudal fin lunate when sj real, its upper lobe
Bli^htly the longer. Color reddish, marked with yellow; a yellow baud
below the eye; a dark blotch in and above axil of pectoral; dorsal light
at Itase, darker above, with many indistinct brownish spots. Gulf of
Mexico, in rather deep water; not rare. Here describod from a specimen
f'n.iu the I'ensacola Snapper Itanks, 2i> inches in length. A rather doubt-
ful species, perhaps not distinct from C. eyanopa or C. vhryvopa. {/mnpoi,
Hiiiall; coif), eye.)

Caiihilatiluii microps, Goode &. IJean, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 43, off Pensacola,

Florida. (Coll. Silas StcHnis.)
Caiilolatilv* ohrynopg, Jordan &, Gu.hert, Synopsis, 026, 1883; not Latilits ehrysops,

CUVIBB ii. VALKNCIKNNSS.

• i^

11 VI

BiPPffl;

m

M

I

■.I

2278

Bulletin ^7, Uniicd States Natmial Afuseum.

.-!,

2«13. t'AL'LOLATILUS CYAXOPS,* I'oey.

(Bl.ANtii;iI,LO.)

Head 4 iu total length. D. VII, 24; A. I, 22 (scales 10-108-25. Bean),
Proiilo convex before the eye, not ascending to the nape ; no scales on the
fins; soft rays little divided; caudal slightly lunate ; first caudal vertebra
spoon-like, its cavity receiving the air bladder ; vertebrjB 12 -(- 15 ; no
pyloric cicca, stomach short, air bladder large. Color greenish above, a
faint, broad, interrupted brown band above the lateral line; some small
brown spots above and below it; region below the eye clear blue, not very
difterent from the color of the belly ; soft dorsal brown, paler at its base,
edged with orange ; spinous dorsal orange. (Poey.) Coast of Cuba; not
seen by us. Both this and the preceding species may be identical with
CaulolatiluH ehri/aops, a species described from the coast of Brazil.
(HvdvEoifhlne'j <»^, eye.)

1 Latilui chrysops, CuviEK & Valenciennes, Hist. Xat. Toiss., ix,496, 1833, Brazil (Coll.

M. Gay) ; GCnther, Cat., TI, 253, 1860.
Gaulolatilus cyanops, Poby, Repertorio, i, 312, 1867, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)

840. LOPHOLATILUS, Goode & Bean.

(Tile-Fishes.)

Lopholatilut, Goode &. Bean, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mim. 1879, 20.5 (chamtvleonticeps).

Botly stout, somewhat compressed ; mouth moderate, maxillary reaching
anterior margin of the orbit ; opercle and prcopercle scaly, the latter finely
denticulate; upper jaw with outer series of stronger teeth, behind whicli
is a band of villiform teeth; lower Jaw with a IV' w large canines, and an
inner series of small conical teeth; vomer aiul palatines toothless; nape
with a large adipose appendage ; a fieshy prolongation upon each side of
the labial fold, extending backward beyond the angle «»f the mouth;
stomach small, siphonal, barely more than a loop in the very large intes-
tine; alimentary canal short, less than total length of the body; air
bladder simjde, with thick muscular walls, strongly attached to the roof
of the abdominal cavity by numerous root-like appendages, resembling
somewhat that of Po//(>«»a«. Deep-sea fishes. (Ao0o?, crest; Latilua.)

8614. LOPHOLATILUS (ilAM.KLKONTlCKPS, <iood« & Boau.
(Tu.E-Fisa,)

Head 3; depth 3*. 1). VII, 15; A. II, 13; scales 8-93-30. Body stout,
somewhat compressed, its greatest width equalin/''!ingth of caudal pedun-
cle; intermaxillaries sapplied with a series of from li) to 23 canine teetli,
behind which is a band of villiform teeth, widest at the symphysis; man-
dible with about 12 large canines; eye rather small, its diameter 6^ in

* Tbo oIiaracterH distinguiHiiiDg Cavlolatilii* chrunops arc thus ftivon by Poey: Heml
4i in total length, D. VIIl, 24; A. II, 22, Profile most Ribbous behind the eye; a vfiv
bright gilded band below the eye, broader anteriorly ; dorsal (in browu with irregular bluo
spots; axillary spot green. Coast of Brazil.

head, and ;

posterior n(

(if snout to

miter rays;

liack bluish

tiliie and bin

line of belly

Iioad, blue u

o/' head peai

iiounced in t]

with nunierc

with blue ar

iridescent, lil

iiion^ or less

Idwer border

of this gener

rays; dorsnlg

to the upper

on or near tli

0/' bright yel

with rosy anc

the western A

"The tilefish

.V.intucket Sh

some coonomii

at New York, 1

Iters of dead ai

Collins estima

5,(K)0 to 7,500 8

Several visits i

where these tiE

and it was tho

were taken by

to 73^ W. The

Colonel McDoi

{chamwkon, xa,

LiiliholaHlut Cham
tucket Shoals
(.'otiun. (1882) 1
647, with plutc ;

Hody oblong
small cycloid se
•lorsal (in, not ex
the anterior proi

'> '''2

Jordan and Evcrmami. — Fishes of North America. 2279

he.ad, smd about twice lenjitU of labial appe'idages; distance between
posterior nostril and eye ecjiial lirst anal spini^, and \ distance from tip
(if snout to anterior nostril. Caudal fin emarginate, middle rays 1^ in
outer rays; vent under interval between fourth and fifth dorsal rays.
ISack bluish, with a green tinge, iridesoeiit, changing through purplish
lilue and bluish gray to rosy white below, and milky white toward median
line of belly; head rosy, iridescent, with red tints most abundant on fore-
liead, blue under the eyes, cheeks fawu-colored ; throat and under side
of head pearly white, with an occasional tint of lemon yellow, most pro-
nounced in front of ventrals and on anterior portion of ventral fins; back
with numerous maculations of bright yellow or golden; anal purjilish,
with blue and rose tints, iridescent; margin of anal rich purplish blue,
iridescent, like tlie most beautiful mother-of-pearl, this color pervading
more or less the whole fin, which has large yellow maculations, the
lower border rose-colored, like the belly, base of the fin also partaking
of this general hue; dashes '"t milk white on base of anal between the
rays; dorsal gray; in front of the seventh dorsal the upper third posterior
to the upper two-thirds dark brown; spots of yellow, large, elongate,
on or near the rays; adipose fin whitish brown or yellow, Ji large group
ol' bright yellow confiuent spots at the base; pectorals sepia-colored,
with rosy and purplish iridescence. (Goode &. Bean.) Deep waters of
the western Atlantic, at times very abundant ; now rare or almost extinct.
"The tilefish was first observed in 1879 by fi hermen fishing for cod on
Nantucket Shoals. From its abundance it \>a8 thought to become of
some economic importance. In March and April, 1882, vessels arriving
at New York, Philadelphia, and Boston reported having passed large num-
i)ers of dead and dying fish, the majority of which were tilefish. Captain
Collins estimated the area covered by dead and dying fish to be from
5,01)0 to 7,500 siiuare statute miles, the number of fish to be 1,000,000,000.
Several visits were made by the Fish Commission vessels to the grounds
where these fishes were formerly abundant, but no specimen was obtained,
and it was thought to have become extinct. In 1892 several specimens
were taken by the GrampiiH in latitude 1^^' to iO^ N., and longitude 71"
to TS*^ \V. The wholesale destruction of the tilefish in 1882 is thought by
Colonel McDonald to be due to climatic causes." (Goode & Bean.)
(vhamwleon, xoci^iaiXeoav; - vej)8, head.)

Liii>holaHlu$ ehamwleontieepi, <5ooi)e & Uran, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 205, Nan-
tucket Shoals; Jordan &. (iIij)ekt, SviiopsiH, 024, 1883; Collins, Ilopt. U.S. FiHli
Coniiii. (1882) 1884, 237; LucAS, Kept. V. S. Nat. Muh. (Suiithsoniun lieport) 1889,
647, with plate; Goode & Uean, Oceauic Ichthyology, 284, 1890.

Family CXCI. OPlSTHOGNATlIIDvE.

(TlIK .IaW-F|8HE8.)

Hody oblong or elongate, low, moderately compressed, covered with
small cycloi<l scales; lateral line present, straight, running close to the
dorsal fill, not extendiug much behind middle of body. Head large, naked,
till' anterior profile decurved, no ridges, spines, or crests above. Mouth

'■- tl

! I

i

't I

r^"^

11
i"

; si

■ill

I

^|l

n

i

2280 Bulletin j^y, United States National Museum.

terminal, horizontal, its cleft usually very wide, the maxillary sometimeH
greatly dilated; supplemental maxillary preseut; jiremaxillaries pro-
tractile; jaws subcciual, with conical or cardiforra teeth; vomer usually
with a few teeth ; palatines toothless ; opercles unarmed ; no suborbital
stay. Pseudobranchiic preseut. Gill rakers rather lon<;;; gills 4, a slit
behind the fourth ; gill membranes somuwhat united, free from the isth-
mus. Branchiostegals 6. Air bladder present. No jiyloric ca^ca. Ver-
tebrse large, about 27 in number. Dorsal fin long, continuous, its anterior
half composed of slender, flexible spines, which pass gradually into soft
rays; caudal distinct, rounded or lanceolate ; i^ail not isocercal, the last
vertebra expanded (27 to 34) ; anal long and low, without distinct spines;
ventrals separate, jugular, I, 5, the middle rays lougest; pectorals fau-
shaped. Three genera, of about 15 species; small fishes inhabiting rocky
bottoms in tropical seas, many of them with bright markings. The
American species are all rarities, living about rocks in deep or shallow-
water; nowhere abundant and none of the species well represented in col-
lections. ( TracMnidcB, genus Opiathognathus, Giinther, Cat., ii, 254-256. )

a. Miixillary of groat leugth, nearly as long as head, produced behind in a flexible
lamina. Opisthoonathtts, 841.

aa. Maxillary normal, triiucato behind, mncli shorter than head.

b. Caudal moderate, rounded behind ; body oblong, moderately compressed.

GNATHTPors, 242-
bb. Caudal lanceolate, long and pointed ; bwly elongate. Lonchopisthus, 843.

841 . OPISTHOGNATHUS, Cuvier.

Opitthognathtis, CuviKtt, Uegne Auim., Ed. 2, vol. u, 240,1829 (gonnerati).

Maxillary prolonged backward in a long flexible lamina, which reaches
about to base of pectoral. Characters of the geiitis otherwise included
above. It has been suggested that the species of Gnathypopa are females
of analogous species of Opisihognathus, the long maxillary being a charac-
ter of the male. This seems impossible, but deserves an investigation.
The fact that (inathypopa maxillosa has but 27 vertebrio, while its long-
jawed cognate, Oimthognathua macrogiiailium, is said by Poey to have 34
vertebra), is op]>osed to this view, as is also the fact that the analogous
species do not in other respects exactly correspond, as in (inathypopa myn-
tacina, the scales are smaller than in Opiathogiiathua lonchurum; Gnathypops
rhomalea has fewer fin rays than Opiatliognathua punctatiim, etc. lint the
parallelism of species in the two genera living in the same waters is
remarkable. (ontdOe., hehind', ^»'a'OoS, jaw.)

a. Scales moderate, about 67; D. X, 15; A. II, 13; body nearly plain olivacuous, tlit>

maxillary not diHtiuctly striped within. LONcuuKUM,26ir>.

aa. Scales very small, 100 to 150 in longitudinal seritm; dorsnl rays about XI, 17; A.

11,16; body and flns much variegated, the muxillai-y within with ^ Ink-black

stripes on a milk-white ground.

6. Dorsal without large black spot in front; soales 120. punctatum, 261fi.

bb. Dorsal with a large black siiot more or less ocelluted.

c. Scales about 100. MACB(>aNATHUM,2017.

cc. Scales about 140. ommatuh, 20]h.

^-\'f':

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2281

2016. OPISTHOOXATHUS LO>(JIIUBU», Jordan & Gilbert,

Head 3^; depth 4^. D. 25; A. 15; scales 67. Head moderate; snont
very short, shorter than pupil; eye ^\ in ')ad; maxillary li^ in head,
rather narrow; lower jaw included; vomer with 5 rather large teeth.
Longest dorsal spine ahout as long as head, slightly higher than soft rays;
caudal long, the middle rays scarcely shorter than head ; longest anal lays
\\ in head; pectoral little laore than \ head. Scales moderate. Oliva-
ceous; margin of upper lip with a narrow hlack stripe; caudal with 3
dusky bars; color of rest of body uniform. Gulf of Mexico, in d<iep
Avater. Two specimens known, taken from the stomach of a Red Snapper
at Pensacola, Florida. The species resembles Gnathypops mystacinus,
tbuud in the sajae waters, but the latter species has smaller scales.
(/lo/;t;V, lance; ot)/3a, tail.)

opitthognathvf lonehurus, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. F. S. Nat. Mn«. 1882, 290, Snapper
Banks, off Pensacola, Florida (Typo, No. 29671. Coll. Jordau & Steams); Jordan
& G' BERT, Synopsis, 043, 1883.

2616. 0PI8TH0GXATHUS PUNCTATUM, Peters.

1). 28; A. 18. Body moderately elongate; scales very small, about 125
in lateral line. Dorsal spines continuous with the soft rays. No vomerine
teeth. Maxillary very long, extending slightly beyond head. Head
everywhere finely speckled with black, the body more coarsely and
irregularly spotted; pectoral finely and closely speckled, its edge i>lain;
ventral tin dusky, similarly marked; dorsal without large black blotch,
iindy spotted, the spots behind gradually forming the boundaries of white
ocelli, the base of the fins having rings of white around black spots, the
upper part with dark rings arount^ palo spots; caudal with pale spots, its
edge, like that of the dorsal, somewhat dusky, not black; anal with a
broad, blackish edge, and with dark spots, those near the base of \,he fin
largest; lining membrane of maxillary with the usual bands of white and
inky black. Mazatlan. Only the type of this species is yet known, this
descriptiori having been taken by us from the original specimen. It bears
(^onsiddrable resemblance to Gnatliypops rhomalea, which is fotmd in the
same waters, differing in the generic character of the dilated maxillary.
{punctatua, spotted.)

Otii.sthiignathu* imnctatus, Peters, Berliner Monatslterichto 1860, 708, Mazatlan; Jor-
iiAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, 290 ; Jordan. Cat. Fish. N. A.. 1 18, 1885.

2617. OPISTHOGXATliUS MACltOGNATIIUM, Poey.

Head 3|; depth 5. D. XI, 16; A. II, 16 or 17; P. 17; scales 100. Body
moderately elongate, somewhat compressed. Head blunt anteriorly;
suiiut very short, about as long as pupil; eye large, 4 in head; maxillary
reaching slightly past edge of preoperole, but not to end of head, its
length contained 3^ times in length of body. Teeth rather strong, wide
set, forming 2 distinct series, directed backward, especially in the upper
jaw; lateral teeth of lower jaw largest; a single vomerine tooth. Gill
rakers long and slender, nearly 20 below angle. Scales very small.
3030 66

2282 Bulletin ^7, U^iited States National Museum.

\m

. -'ii

Dorsal fin low, contiiinoiis, the soft rays but little higher tliau the spines,
which are n'.eiider ami Hcxible, the longest 3^ in head; caudal short,
rounded, its length 5:1 in body; anal siniilur to soft dorsal; pectoral ^ as
h)ng as head. (Jrayish olive, much variegated with yellowish and dark
olive; about 6 irregular dusky bauds on the body, which extend on the
dorsal iiti; whitish markings on body forming roundish spots, surrounded
by reticulations of grayish olive; head marbled, its posterior part, as well
as the sides of the back and i>ectoral base, with small blackish dots ; mem-
brane lining inside of maxillary with 2 curved inky-black bands on a
white ground; angle of mouth with a black spot; lining of opercle black;
iins all variegated like the body. Florida Keys to Cuba. Here described
from the type of O, scaphiiirum, from (»ardeu Key, but O. macro;/ 11 athum
seems to be the same. (/naHfJo?, long; yvaOoi, jaw.)

OpUthixjnathu.t maerognathus* Poey, Meniorias, n, 284, July, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)
OpiKthofjiiatJntu iiiegastoma, GC'NTHKK, Cat., ii, 255, September, 1860, Gulf of Mexico.

(lliisliir Collectiou.)
Opistho.jnathutseaph'mrvK. Ooode & Bean, rroc. U. S. Nii<. Mu». 1882, 417, Garden Key,

Florida (Type, No. 5936, U. s. Nat. Mas. Coll. Ur. Wbitehurst) ; Jokdan &. Gilbert,

Synopsis, 943, 1883.

2618. OriKTHOtiMTHUN OMMATUM, Jonkins Sl Evernianii.

Head 3; width of head 5; depth 5; eye 3 in head. 1). 2X; A. 18; scales
about 110. Body moderate, compressed, depth 4^ ; width behind the head
8i'o ill length of body. Head large, its breadth equaling its depth, being
5 in length of body. Scales small, embedded; head naked, lateral line
extending past middle of dorsal lin. Mouth large. Maxillary long, IJ in
head; postorbital portion 2-|',j in head, not extending beyond head; snout
short, its length less than i diameter of eye; distance from tip of BU<mt
to end of maxillary SfV iu length of hody and 1;V in head. Teeth in front
part of each Jaw in several series, «)n sides of jaws reduced to a single
series, the outer series strong; a tooth on the vomer; gill membranes
ctmnected; the interorbital space very narrow, 119 iu head. Distance
from snout to origin of dorsal but little greater than length of head;
space b(!tweeu dorsal and caudal fins |^ greater than length of snout; no
depression between spinous and soft rays of dorsal lin, the dorsal equal-
ing the anal in height, its long«'st ray Ip, times th<! eye; pectorals slightly
longer than ventrals, being 2 in head; bn-adth of pectorals 3 in head;
ven train inserted slightly in front of pc'ctorals; caudal rounded and nar-
row. Coloration : Hody irregularly mottled with dark, head evenly bla(;k-
ish ; dorsal lin blackish on the posterior portion, with 2 rows of 4 «)r 5 pale
Bi)ots well separated ; a large ocellated spot from the third to the sixtli
spines, including them, greater than diameter of eye; anal lin black, witli
a series of pal ) spots on the rays, the base pale ; (^audal black, with 2 pale

* Poov tiius (It'iscribes Ilia si)eriincn8 of OpiHhognathiis maerognathum : "Head 3J in
total ; ilopth ^ : ejo nearly 4, twice length of snout, 3 times interorbital width. I). XI, Ifi ;
A. II, 10. Vomer'wilh 2 tretli; spine.s not pungent. Body covered with largo yellowish
points on u lirown i;roiiud: 7 broad browu bancls on Hide8, not reaclrng belly, but oxtentl-
iiig to mi(hlle of dorsal, which, like the anal, has yellow )>oints; a large black ocellus
lietween sixth and ninth Hpines of dorsal ; maxillary with 2 ink-black bauds on a niilk-
wiiite ground: )>e(^torals, ventrals. and caudal yellowish with blauk puiuta. No pyloric
cicca; vertebric IU f 24 — 34, thi; first 5 strong.'' (Poey.)

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America. 2283

spots ut the base and a row of spots across the initldle ; lining of ntaxillary
with bunds of black and white. Bay of Guaymas; 3 specimens known,
(oyu/zcrrds, eyed, from its ocellate dorsal.)

Opitthognathut ommata, .Tknkins &. Kveumann, I'roc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 153, Guaymas.
(TyiH), No. 39640. Coll. Jeiikius & Evermunu.)

842. GNATHYPOPS, Gill.

Onathypops, GiLL, Pro<;. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1802, 241 (maxiUotux).

This genus differs from Opiathoffnaihuj in having the maxillary of nu'dium
length and truncate behind, not extending to edge of opercle ; caudal mod-
erate, rounded behind. Species in form and habit agreeing closely with
thoae of Opisthognathus. (yvdOo^, jaw, utto, below; &!!^, eye.)

a. Body and flns spotted with black and often with palo.
b. Dorsal fin with a conspicuous dusky blotch in front.

c. Scales very small, about 120 ; dorsal rays 26. seops, 2019.

cc. Scales moderate, about 65 ; dorsal rays 15. maxillosa, 2620.

hb. Dorsal tin without distinct blotch in front; scales small, about lOO.
d. Dorsal I'ays about XI, 16; dark spots on head und body few.

MACROfS, 2621.
dd. Dorsal rays about XI, 13; dark spots on head and body numerous.

e. Dorsal tin distinctly notched; lateral liuo not reaching middle of
dorsal. iuiomalea, 2622.

ee. Dorsal flu not notched ; lateral line reaching middle of dorsal.

SNYUEKI, 2623,

aa. Body and fins nearly uuifonn olive ; the spots few and spare ; dorsal rays 24 ; scales

100 ; no black on membrane of maxillary. mysxacina, 2624.

8619. GNATHYPOPS SCOPS, Jenkins & Evermann.

Head 3i; width of head 5|, its depth 4^ D. 26 (X, 16) ; A. 19 (II, 17);
Hcales 3-122-40. S'^ales small, none on liead; lateral lino extending to
about middle of dorsal fin; mouth largo; maxillary extending beyond eye
a distance 4vV i^ head ; snout 6^ in head ; teeth in bands, outer series on
upper jaw rather strong ; a single tooth on vomi^r ; gill membranes con-
nected. Opercle ending in a long flap, which extends upward and back-
ward, nearly meeting over the back in front of tho dorsal liu. Eye large,
L'i in head; interorbital space narrow, 11 in head. No depression between
tlie dors.il spines and the soft rays, which arc scarcely distinguishable;
lii'ight of dorsal equal to that of inal; ventrals inserted in front of pec-
torals ; piietorals equal to ventrals in length, 7 in body ; caudal rounded.
Coloration, in alcohol: Body pale, covered with many dark spots about
the size of 3 to 6 scales; top of head with smaller dark spots; sides of
head with whitish spots; dorsal fin with a bla(;k ocellatcd spot equal to
eye on the space between second and fifth spines; remainder of fin dark,
with many white spots running into each other on some portions, so as to
form irregular lines; base of anal pale, the outer edge black; caudal dark
with 2 whitish spots at the base, and a row of 6 white spots .across the
middle on alternate rays; pectorals lighter, with small whitish specks;
ventrals dusky; belly pale. Guaymas; 3 sp' cimens known, respectively
115 cm., 10 cm., and 7 cm. in length to base of caudal. This species is the

'Vt

: n mm

2284 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

analogue of Opiathogvaihus ommatum, also from Oiiaynias. {8coi)8, tbo
screech owl ; dnoiip, from dHOTCt'o), to look, in allusion to tho largo eyes. )
OnathjipopH ncopt, Jenkins & Eveumann, Troc. U. S. Nat. ikius. 1888, 152, Guaymas. (Type,
Nu. 30641, U. S. Nut. Mii8. Cull. Jeukius & Evurniann.)

2020. ONATHYPOPS MAXILLOSA (Poey).

Head 3§; <lcpth ih D. VIII, 17; A. II, 13; scales 65. Body modor-
ately coniprcssiMl ; bead not very largo; maxillary truncate behind,
extending behind eye for a distance for about J diameter of eye, its length
IJ in bead; eye 'S'g in bead. Teeth conical, curved, well separated, mostly
in a Mingle series; no teeth on vomer. Fins moderate; dorsal continuous,
its Hpines slender; caudal short, its length f head. Color grayish olive,
with 7 irregular A-8bap(^d bars of darker, everywhere much marbled
and variegated; fins all alniilarly marked, the ventrals dusky, the dorsal
■with a dusky blotch in front. Cuba, north to Florida, from which local-
ity the sp«'cimen here described "was taken. Evidently very close to
the Brazilian species G. cuvieri, the eye perhaps smaller. According
to Poey, Gnathypop8 maxillosa has the eye 4 in head; D. VIII, 18; A. II, 15;
2 teefh on vomer; spinous dorsal lower than soft dorsal; body covered
■with 1, rge yellow spots on a ground color of clear brown; 6 brown cross
bands reaching middle of dorsal, which is variegat«.'d with yellow and
reddish, as is the anal; maxillary yellowish on its i)osterior border, the
middle blackish; other spots on the jaws; ventrals, pectoral, and caudal
yellowish, the ventrals finely spotted with brown, the caudal with 5
brown bands ; base of pectorals -with dark spots. Vertebne 10 + 17 = 27.
{viaxillosua, pertaining to the jaw. ^

Oputhorjnatliui maxUlostts, Poky, luemorias, ii, 286, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)
Gnathypopt viaxillomit, Gii.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 24J; Poky, Synopsis, 400;
JOBDAN & GiLBEUT, Syuopsis, 912, 1883.

2021. (JNATIIYPOPS MACBOPS (Poey).

Head 3^ in total (with caudal?) ; depth about U. D. XI, 16; A. II, 15 or
16; scales 100. Eye 3| in bead; maxillary extending beyond eye f of a
diameter, 5,^ in head; vomer Avith 6 conical teeth. Color (faded in the
type) reddish olive, with round, yellowish spots and vestiges of vertical
bands; dorsal and anal plain, pectorals with brown bands; jaws not
spotted with brown and white. Coast of Cuba (Poey); known from 1
specimen 132 mm. long; not seen by us. According to Poey, it may not
be distinct from G. max'UloHa, whii'b in turn may possibly be the female
of OpiathognatliHs macrognathum. This species may also be identical with
the Brazilian species Gnathypopa cavicri,* but the latter has a dorsal ocel-
lus and apparently larger scales, {/.laxpoi, large; oj'^, eye.)
Opisthognathtts macrops, Poey, Memorias, n, 287, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)

* Qnathypopn cuvieri (ValencienneH). Head SJ; depth 4J; eye 3J in head. D. X, ]S;
A. II, 16; scales 70. Maxillary reaching heyond the vertical from posterior margin ol'
orbit, 1} in head; eye 3J in head, dorsal fin iiot notched. Oliv.tceous; a large dark-bluo
ovate ocellate spot between the fourth and eifjhth dorsal spines; dorsal and anal mottled,
the edge dusky posteriorly; caudal with 3 dark-bluish bauds. Bahia (Valenciennes).
(Named for Georges Dagobert Cuvier.)

Opisthonnathtii cuvieri, Cvweh &. Valknciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 504, 1836, Bahia
(Coll. Blaachet) ; GUkxbub, Cat., ii, 256, 1800.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2286

2«22. GXATHVPOPS KIIOMALKA (Jordan & Oilbort).

Head 21; depth 4. D. XI, 13; A. II, 13; scales 103 (pores fewer). Body
rather robust, compresHed ; head very large, ovoid, thicker and deeper
than body, with swollen cheeks, the occipital region high, the snout
somewhat truncate, the intennediiito profile forming a nearly even curve;
greatest depth of head equal to its thickness and \ its length. Eye
not very large, 6 in head, longer than snout, about equal to the width
of the dattish Interorbital space. Mouth large, the maxillary extending
well beyond the eye, but not to the margin of the preoporcle nor to the
mandibulary joint, its posterior margin truncate; supplemttntal bone
small, but distinct; length of maxillary from end of snout IJ in head.
Teeth moderate, in both jaws, in broad bands which become narrow
ou the sides; outer series of teeth somewhat enlarged, especially in
upper jaw ; 1 rather small, blunt tooth on middle of vomer. Gill mem-
branes scarcely connected; gill rakers long and slender, about f diameter
of eye, 9+19; pscudobranchiai situated in a cavity above the gill arches.
Head naked; scales on body small, smooth, somewhat embedded; breast
naked; lateral line ceasing opposite anterior third of second dorsal; 103
scales in a longitudinal series from head to caudal. Dorsal fin high ; a
rather deep notch separating the spines from the soft rays ; the longest
spines 3 in length of head, more than \ longer than the last spine, and
scarcely lower than the soft rays. Insertion of dorsal opposite tip of the
bony opercle, the opercular flap extending to opposite the third spine,
last rays of dorsal and anal reaching past the base of caudal rays; caudal
liu rounded, about \ length of head; anal higher than soft dorsal, its long-
est rays 2\ in head; ventrals large, close together, inserted in front of
pe(>toral. If in head; pectorals short and broad, 1* in head. Color in
spirits, olivaceous, slightly brownish above, scarcely paler below, every-
where more or less tinged and mottled with greenish ; head everywhere
thickly and closely covered with small rounded dark-brown spots, largest
al»ove and on cheeks, where they are about as large as pin heads; smaller
on lips and opercles, most thickly set on the anterior part of the head ;
eye thickly spotted ; spots similar to those on the head extending .along
iqiper part of back, forming a vague band, which grows narrower backward
■ihI disappears opposite front of second dorsal; front side of pectoral and
first 3 or 4 dorsal spines with dark spots ; dorsal dusky olive, with darker
ch)uds, and with some dark spots, especially on the spinous part; caudal
and anal plain dusky or faintly marbled with paler; ventrals blackish,
greenish at base; pectorals dusky green. Gulf of California, in shallow
water; 1 specimen known, the type (above described) 16 inches long.
This is perhaps the largest species of the genus, (/jo/za/leos, robust.)

()l)if:thognalhus rhomaleug, Jordan & GiLnEnr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 276, Santa
Maria Cove, Lower California. (Type, No. 29382. Coll. Liout. Henry L. Nichols.)

2623. OXATHYPOPS SXYDEBI, Jordan & Evermann, new spooies.

1 lead 3J ; depth 4^. D. X, 14 ; A. II, 13 ; scales 93 ; 60 pores ; 3 or 4 teeth
on vomer; lateral line very distinct, extending to fourteenth ray of dor-
sal ; no notch separating the dorsals, the spines and soft rays not sepa-

I ^;

i H

I'ie

: ■ If ■■: : .

m

Illl'l "1^

i 11

"'I ■;

l-^i.

2286 Bullet hi ^7, United States National Museum.

rable, the last Hpino not much shorter than the longest, which is 2\
head; longest anal ray 2, pectoral 2\. Vertebra; 10 + 17 = 27. Body
olivaceoiiH, with 5 oroad faint dnsky cross shades; head with many
round blark spots of varying sizes, some as large as pin heads, the largest
below and between eyes, covering both jaws and the membrane of the
maxillary, few on checks, most numerous on forehead; similar spots
extending along side of ))ack to end of lateral line; dorsal dusky, with «>
round dusky blotches at its base, corresponding to the dark shades on
body; caudal, anal, and pectorals plain dnsky olive; ventrals blackish.
Gulf of California; known from 1 specimen collected by Dr. Gilbert in
San Luis Gonzales Bay. The species is close to G, rhomalea, but has a
different dorsal lin and lateral line. Type, No. 2014 L. S. .Ir. Univ. Mus.,
about 8 inches long. (Named for John O. Snyder, curator of fishes in
Lelaud Stanford Junior University.)

2624. ONATHTPOPS M¥8TA€INA, Jordan.

Head 3f':, in length {^ to tip of caudal); depth ^ (5g). D. 23 or 24
(X, 14); A. II, 11; lateral line with about 54 tubes; 100 scales between
gill opening and caudal. Head rather elongate, very blnnt in profile;
snimt very short, not longer than pupil; eye large, about 3J in length;
maxillary 1| in length of head, 5 in length to base of caudal, 6^^ in total
length to tip of caudal; end of maxillary abruptly truncate, not ending
in a flexible lamina, the supplemental bono well developed; lower jaw-
slightly included. Teeth in each jaw in a narrow band, the outer slen-
der, enlarged; vomer with about 4 slender teeth; palatines toothless.
Gill rakers long and slender. Gill membranes nearly separate, free from
the isthmus. Scales very small; lateral line extending to below anterior
part of soft dorsal, its length ^ that of head. Dorsiil spines not distin-
giiiehable from the soft rays, the i-ays apparently fewer than usual, none
of them very high, the last ray 2| in head; caudal short, apparently trun-
cate, li in head ; anal rather low ; pectorals 2 in head ; ventrals 1|. Color
nearly plain olive green, without bands or spots on body or fins; vertical
fins tipped with blackish; maxillary with a faint median blackish stripe;
pectoral with 2 dusky cross shades; no black or white on lining mem-
brane of jaws. Length 3^ inches. Deep waters of Gulf of Mexico; the
few specimens known from the stomachs of Red Snappef< (Neomosnis aya)
from the Pensacola Snapper Banks. It resembles Opisthognathua lonchii-
rum, but the scales are smaller, {nvdra^, mustache, from the maxillary
stripe).

Onatliypops mystaeinut, Jordan, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mns. 1884, 37, Snapper Banks off Pensa-
cola. (ColLJoriliui &Stuai-nH. Type, 34976, U.S. Nat. Mas.)

843. LONCHOPISTHUS, Gill.
LoneJiopisthun, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241 (mierognathus).

This genus differs from Gnathypops in the slender, compressed body,
the still smaller maxillary and the lanceolate caudal fin. The single spe-
cies is very rare. {MyxVt lance; omdOe, behind, flrom the form of tbe
caudal.)

jiiws;

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2287

2036. L0NCH0PI8TIIUN MIGKOGNATIIIIS (I'ooy).

Head 5 in total; depth 6. D. X, 17; A. II, IG; Hculen SO; eye 8 in head.
I'lody elongate, conipreseod, snont ahort; maxillary roiiching ^ :in eye's
diameter behind the eye; no teeth on vomer; no second row of teeth in
jaws; no sealen on heiid except on cheek; lat«-ral line almost touehing
|irnlile of back. Caudal long and pointed as in Gohiiia oceanivus. Dark
Itrown, paler below; 20 narrow vertical whitish bands from back to belly,
the first 2 on cheek, the third on opercle; fins <'olored like body, oxi-ept
tlie pectorals, which are yelh>w, the edge orange. Vertebrie 10 + lS - 28.
Length 4 inches. Cuba; rare(Poey); <mly the types known, examined by
lis in the National Museum, {/titxpoi, small; yvaOtx;, jaw.)

o III nth ogna thus micrognathut, Poky, MeinoriaH, ii, 287, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)
J.onchopisthun micrognathu*, Gill, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241.

Family CXCII. lUTHYMASTEKIDJE.
(The RoNQi'iLs.)

Rody rather elongate, moderately compressed, covered with small, cten-
oid scales. He.id rather large, subeonie. Eyes large. Mouth moderate,
nearly horizontal, the lower jaw slightly projecting; lips full; promaxil-
larics protractile, not extending to angle of the mouth; maxilhiiy with-
out supplemental bone, not slipping under the narrow preorbital. Teeth
moderate, in a cardiform band in each jaw, the outer somewhat enlarged;
liaiids of teeth on vomer and palatines. No barbels; iio crests or spines
oil head. Branchiostegals 6. Gill membranes scarcely or broadly con-
iiec^ted, free from the isthmns; gill rakers' few, very short. Pseiido-
liiiuiehije large. Opercular bones unarmed. Mncous pores numerous on
top and sides of head, sometimes provided with fringed flaps. Ijateral
line conspicuous, placed high, not quite reaching the caudal iin, its scales
sometimes enlarged. Dorsal fin long, continuous, moderately high, a
ftnv of the foremost rays inarticulate, none of them pungent or spine-like ;
the posterior rays branched; anal fin long, similar to the dorsal; caudal
convex; pectorals rather broad, their bases extending obliquely down-
Avard and backward, their rays all branched; ventrals slightly in front of
pectorals, 1, 5, close togeth(!r, the inner rays longest. Skeleton well ossi-
licd. Pyloric cieca few (2 or 3). No anal papilla. Vertebrai in large
timiibers, about 14 -f 35. Three species known, from the Northern
Pacific; here referred to 3 genera. The relations of the group are uncer-
tain; externally they resemble the Op i athognathida^, hnt the relation can
not be close, and the number of vertebra; is greatly increased.

((. Gill iinimbranes not connoctert below.

b. Head naked; scales in lateral line not enlarged; only first 3 or 4 rays in dornal
fln iinbrnncbed ; pores of head with small flaps. Bathymaster, 844.

bb. Ilead scaly on cheeks ; scales in lateral line enlarged ; anterior 20 to 30 rays of
dorsal fln unbranched ; pores of head mostly without flaps.

KoNQUiLns, 845.

aa. Gill membranes broadly connected ; cheeks scaly; scales in lateral lino enlarged ;

abont 15 of anterior rays of dorsal simple. Kathbunklla, 846.

i. if

i-M

i

i

; :-i

■

' ' f

'■■I !

■'I .1

•i ■

r

2288 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

844. BATHYMASTER, Cope.

liathymaiter, Copr, Proc. Anier. PLil. Soc. 1873, 31 (rignatus).

Head naked; pores of head large, many of them with dermal flaps; gill
membranes Hcarc(*ly connected ; Hcales of lateral line similar to the others ;
dorsal fin Avith bnt 3 or 4 of its anterior rays nnbranchcd; characterH
otherwise included above, {fiadvi, deei); uadrr^p, searcher.)

2GS0. ItATMYMAKTKIl KIGNATIIS, Cope.

Head SJ ; depth 5. D. 47 ; A. 34 ; scales 6-95-19 ; eye 44 in head ; maxillary
24; snont44; pectoral Ij}; ventral 2i; highest dorsol ray 2if; highest anal
ray 34; caudal 2j. Body compressed, elongate, anterior profile convex
from tip of snout to dorsal: month not very oblique, the maxillary reach-
ing the vertical from posterior edge of orbit; snout about equal to eye;
jaws equal, with bauds of small conical teeth, outer row enlarged ; lower
jaw with a single row at the sides; well developed conical teeth on vomer
and palatines. Branchiostegal membranes not united; margin of preo-
percle free, furnished with 5 or 6 cons])icuou8 mitcous pores ; large pores
on top and sides of head, each with a small Hap ; opercle euding in a flap
behind; gill rakers moderately long and slender, f eye, about 7 + 18;
many raucous pores on top of head and under eye; head entirely naked:
dorsal and pectoral with fine scales running about halfway up the fin ;
anal naked; a naked strip from nape to dorsal; pectoral broad and fan-
shaped, its lower rays smaller, reaching to front of anal ; origin of ventral
spine about the diameter in front of the lower end of pectoral base ; dorsal
about uniform in height for nearly its entire length, higher than .inal;
dorsal and anal rays about reaching to ba^e of caudal rays; first 3 or 4
rays of dorsal simple, the others branched; caudal truncate or sliglitly
rounded. Color almost uniform warm brown with darker shades, the fins
somewhat mottled with yellowish, the anal and ventrals blackish, other
fins dusky; a conspicuous black ocellated blotch on front of dorsal,
covering tips of 4 or 5 spines.'' Sliores of southern Alaska, from Unimak

* Concerning this speciea, Dr. Gilbert has the following note: " Bathymaster nignatvg
is taken very abundantly in our series of f! /allow- water dredgincs alone the southern
shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, and north^vui '1 through Unimak Pass. The stations at
which it was obtained are numbered 3211, S.'2l' , 3213, 3214, 3215, 3217, 3220, 3222, and 322;t,
and the depth range from 34 to 56 fathom.t. Ju addition, a very few small specimens were
secured at Stations 3262, 8309, 3221 and 3333. uorth of the Aleutian Islands, iu deiiths of 19
to 71 fathoms, but the species is evidently not abundantin Bering Sea. No examples wcro
taken iu any of the very numerous dred^ings made in Bristol Bay. In life the sides arc
olive brown, and the upper parts show faint traces of 6 or 7 broad dusky cross bars, which
correspond to or alternate with an equal number below the lateral line; the anal and
ventral flns, the branchiostegal and gular membranes, the lower pectoral rays, and tho
snout blue black; anterior edge of orbit and front edge of preorbital light yellow; the
pores on edge of i)reopercle, 2 pores above and behind maxillary, and 3 at upper edge of
opercle, bright scarlet; a large black blotch on anterior dorsal rays; distal half o!
anterior portion of dorsal fin and the upper pectoral rays yellow. Outer ventral ray
simple and inarticulate, followed by 5 branched rays. Only the first 2 dorsal rays siiiii
ous, being soft and flexible, but unjoiuted. The third and all following rays .jointed
and forked. All of the anal rays jointed. A .specimen from Albatross Station 3211, ;i5
mm. in length to base of caudal, shows that the ventrals occupy very different positions in
adults and in young. In the latter they are truly thoracic in position, and are inserted
as much beiiind base of pectorals as they are located in advance of this point in adults.
A specimen 65 mm. long Is entirely similar to adults iu this respect."

. 1

i

"if

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2289

Pass to Sitka; not nucommon in water of modernto depths. Here described
from a specimen collocted by the Alhatrosa (No. 2143, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Muh.),
Stiition 3214, 11 inches in len^tli. Other Hpeoinions taken in rock pools iit
Sitka are dark green, almost black, (sifinatiis, marked.)

Ilathymaster nignatus, CoPE,,Proc. Amor. Philos. Soc. IST.t, 31, Sitka (Coll. Prof. George
Duvi<lHon) ; OILBEUT, Proo. 17. S. Nat. Mum. 1888, 654.

845. RONQUILUS, .Ionian A Starlvs.
Himquiliis, JouDAN & Starkh, Proc. Cal. Ac. k^i. 1895, 838 (jordani).

Checks scaly; scales of lateral line enlarged; anterior half of dorsal
tin more or lese composed of unbranched rays; nincoiis pores on head
without conspicnons flaps; gill membranes separate. One species. (lion-
qiiU, a Spanish name of the typical species, possibly from poyxoi, one
wlio yrunts.)

2627. KO>'({l'ILUS JOROAM (Gilbert).

(RONQCIL.)

Head 4^; depth 6 J. D.41; A. 33; V. I, 5; P. 18; scales 92+6 (tubes),
alioiit 200 transverse. Body rather elongate, moderately compressed.
Ky(> large, about as long as snout, 4 in head, its diameter much more
tliiin the interocular space; maxillary extending to below front of pupil;
checks closely scaly ; rest of head entirely naked; a narrow, naked area
in front of dorsal, bounded by rows of mucous pores; skull with large
mucous cavities behind the eyes, which are translucent in life ; scales of
Lateral line enlarged, twice as far apart as the others. Dorsal fin inserted
at ai distance behind the occiput, less than the diameter of the eye; pec-
torals I the length of the head ; fourth ray of ventrals longest ; vent much
nearer snout than root of caudal; vertebra) 14 + 35=49; olivaceous,
ttii<red with brown; about 8 round, faint- bluish blotches along the sides,
each snirounded by rings of yellow spots; a yellow ring around the eye
and a yellow band along the cheek; fins translucent, the anal with a yel-
lowish strip and a deep-bluish or black edging; dorsal reddish or yellow?
with a dusky blotch in front; ventrals dusky; pectorals with the lower
rays blackish or dark blue, larger specimens nearly uniformly dark, the
color varying with the surroundings. Bristol Bay to Pnget Sound, about
rocks, in water of moderate depth. Length 6 to 10 inches. Known from
Seattle and from Wrangel and Bristol Bay, the latter specimen in 32
fathoms. (Named for its discoverer, David Starr Jordan.)

Jiathjimaster signatus, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 623, 1883 ; not Ji.gigtiatus, Covk.
Bathymaster jordani, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 554, Elliott Bay at Seattle (Coll.

Jordan) and Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Coll. Alhatrott.)
Ihnquilut jordani, Jordan & Stabks, Proc. CaL Ac. Sci. 1895, 838, pi. 99.

846. RATHBUNELLA, Jordan & Evermann.
nathbunella, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fishes, 463, 1890 (hypopleetris).

'Phis genus differs from Itonquilua in having the gill membranes broadly
united across the isthmus. The unbranched anterior rc^ys form about \

it U)

■f 'i

':;f

2290 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

of the (lorsjil fin. (Named for Mr. Richard Kiithbun, then chief of the
] )ivi8ion of Sci«mtifi(^ Inquiry in the U. S. Fish Commission, in recognition
of his many Herviceu to science. )

2«28. RATIIItlTNKLIiA HYPOPLECTA (Gill>ert).

1

1

I'"*!!

l'^- ;

1^ '■

Head 4f in length; depth 7. D. 46; A. 3.3. Head and body compressed,
elongate, the anterior profile of he:id compressed, doclivons ; month some-
what obliqne, at lower side of snout, bmall, the maxillary reaching vertical
from middle of pupil, 3,'; in head; snout very slightly shorter than orbit,
4jt in head ; diameter of orbit 4 in head ; teeth well developed, in broad
bands on jawH, vomer and palatines, the vomer and palatine patches
nearly continnous ; branchiostegal membranes broadly united, free from
isthmi'^, forming a fold whose depth exceeds ^ diameter of orbit. Margin
of preopercle adnate behind, slightly free below, furnished with a series
of 6 conspicuous mucous pores; head without spines, ridges or filaments;
inner margin of shoulder girdle conspicuously norched above and below,
but without hook; gill rakers tubercular, few in number; a well-marked
Slit behind last gill. Distance from nape to front of dorsal fin equals its
distance from posterior border of eye ; anterior 10 or 12 dorsal rays simple
and appanmtly not articulate, but flexibh^ and not spine-like; distance
from front of anal to base of ventrals 2^ in its distance frftm base of
caudal, all but first \ of dorsal rays, and all of anal rays forked at tip ;
dorsal not high, the longest rays |head; highest anal ray equals snout
and V eye ; last dorsal and anal rays entirely disconnected from caud.al,
leaving a free space on caudal peduncle \ diameter of orbit ; ventrals I, X^,
in advance of base of pectorals, narrowly triangular, the inner rays long-
est; pectorals witJi curved base running backward and downward, the
rays all branched, 18 in number, the width of basd of fin 3^ in head, the
longest ray \\ in head; caudal rounded, | length of head. Hody covered
with small, partially embedded, cycloid scab's, including antedorsal
region, belly, breast, and area in front of base of pectorals; cheeks cov-
ered with similar but smaller scales, the opereles and rest of head naked.
Lateral line running high, parallel with back, on a series of enlarged
s(;ales, wliich are also partly embedded in the thick skin; the lateral line
fails to reach base of caudal by a distance e(|ualing \ of head, and is pres-
ent on 82 scales. Color, dark olive-brown above, lighter below ; a series
of about 12 quadrate dark blotches below lateral line, connected more or
less by diisky streaks with an alternating series along baae of dorsal ; no
bright colors; dorsal, pectorals, venti-als and branchiostegal membranes
dusky straw color ; anal black, the rays white tipped; caudal blackish;
peritcmeum white. A single specimen, 8 inches long, from Albatross Sta-
tion 2944, off Santa Barbara Islands, in 30 fathoms.

Jiathiiwaater ln/po2)leetiit, (jILBEKT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1890, 97, off Santa Barbara Isl-
ands, California, at Albatross Station 3944. (Coll. Albatrott.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2291

Family CXCIII. CHIASMODONTID^.
(The Black Swalloweus.)

Bo<ly elongate, Bubcylindrical, or slightly tapering; head subeonic.
skin naked; lateral line continuons, placed low; 2 dorsal iins, the first
rather short, of slender spines, the second dorsal and anal long ; ventrals
normal, thoracic, inserted before pectorals, the rays 1, 5 ; pectorals long and
narrow; month very deeply cleft, reaching beyond the eyes, with numer-
ous long, sharp, movable teeth, the anterior canines movable; teeth on
palatines; upper jaw not protractile, vae maxillary produced backward.
Opercular apparatus very oblique and reduced ; no spines or cirri on head ;
caudal fin forked. Genera 2; species 2; deep-sea fif»hcrt, 7iotable for the
sliarp teeth and for the extensible stomach. {Cliiasmodontidce, Gill, in Jor-
dan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 964, 1883.)

a. Jaws wJth some of the anterior canines extremely long .and movable, the 2 anterior

crossing each other; loi*-^!- jaw projecting. Chiasmodon, 847.

aa. Jaws with slender, clodC-set teeth, none of them greatly produced; lower jaw not

prominent. rsEUDOscoi-ELUS, 848.

847. CHIASMODON, .lohnson.
(Black Swalloweus.)

Cliiatmodon, Johnson, Troc. Zool. Soc. London 1863, 408 (niger).
Cliiasmodtts, GUntder, change of spelling.

Mody elongate, compressed, and tapering posteriorly, naked; belly pend-
ent, its walls membranaceous, capable of grea^ dilation. Mouth very
laige; lo' 'er jaw longer than upper; each jaw with 2 aeries of large,
pointed teeth, some jf the anterior being very large and movable; vomer-
ine teeth none ; pal.itines Avith teeth similar to those in the jaws. Gills 4.
No pseudobra7ichia\ (Jill openings very wide, the membranes joined to
tli(^ isthmus for a short distance. Dnrsiil tins 2; ni.al single; ventrals
inserted below pectorals, each of 5 soft rays. Tail truncate at base of
caudal. Caudal forked, free from dorsal and anal. Singular fishes of the
deo]) sea, remarkable foi thair ability to swallow fishes of many times
th(!ir own size by means of tlie great distensibility of the walls of tho
body, (xt'ad/ua, a mark of tho form of the letter x'l oSovi, tooth; the 2
anterior canines crossing each other when depressed.)

2020. CHIANMODON NIOKR, Johnson.

I read 31. D. XI-28 ; A. 27 ; P. 13 ; V. 5. Head compressed, elongate, the
crown flat, its depth Jess than i its length; maxillary reachir^-;; "ngle of
jireopercle; both jaws armed with long, pointed, wide-set teeth, nearly
ail of which are movable; 2 anterior teeth of upper jaw very long, cross-
iu<^ each other when depressed; 3 anterior pairs of teeth in lower jaw

M'

M

■i'

1, t
I i

. J-

■■ ; '■

11' ■

2292 Bullctifi ^7, United States National Museum.

likewise prolonged, the third pair the longest ; palatines with a longer,
fixed tooth in front. Eye moderate, above the anterior part of maxillary,
4| in head, shorter than snout, as wide as interorbital space. Lateral
line in a longitudinal groove. First dorsal of slender rays, its base 2^ in
in that of second dorsal; anal commencing behind second dorsal, its ante-
rior rays without connection with vertebral column; posterior rays of
anal and dorsal very feeble; pectoral as long as head without snout; ven-
tral \ as long as pectoral. Color entirely black. Length 12 inches.
(Giinther.) Deep waters of the Atlantic; a remarkable fish, the walls of
the body inordinately extensible ; taken at Madeira, in the mid- Atlantic,
near the island of Dominica, and off the coast of Massachusetts.* (nigei;
black.)

Chiatmodon niger, Johnson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1863, 408, Madeira ; Jordan & Gil-
bert, Synopsis, 964 ; GooDE & Bean, Oceanic Iclitbyology, 292, 1896.

Chi(utrodu» niger, GUnther, Cat., v, 435, 1864 ; Carter, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, 38 ; GOnthek,
Challenger Beport, Deep Sea Fishes, xxii, 99, 1887.

848. PSEUDOSCOPELUS, Liitken.

il-

.

Paeudoteopelut, LOtken, Spolin Atlantica, Scopolini, 64, 1892 (scriptut).

Body perciform, scaleless, naked ; mouth very large ; eyes moder.itr ;
the slender maxillary reaching far beyond aye; jaws and palate witli
slender, close-set teeth; ventral fins short, subthoracic, of 1 spine and 5
rays; first dorsal short, of about 8 slender spines; posterior dorsal long,
similar to the anal. Each jaw with a distinc't line of pores, a median line
of pores before ventrals, a cross line connecting ventrals, a series of pores
from the vent passing around anal on each side. Lateral line well devel-
oped, running high. Head without spines. Gill openings very broad,
l^ectorals long; caudal short, forked. One species known, ai deep water.,
(ipEvdj'fi;, false: Scopelus.)

20.10. PSErnOSCOPKLIIS SORIPTIIS, Liitken.

Head 3i; depth U. D. VIII-22; A. 22; V. I, 5. Body subfusiform,
somewhat comitressed. Head large, the snout short and pointed, 4A in
head, the small eye, about 5. Jaws subequal, maxillary li in head ; check
V-shai)ed, very oblique; bones of head not serrate. Form of head and
mouth much as in Engraulla or Scopelus. Pectornl nearly as long as
head, reaching past front of anal; soft dorsal higher than spinous, tlif
anterior rays of soft dorsal and anal elevated. Pores as above described.

* The first specimen of this remarkable fish was obtained at Maedalena (Madeira), at a
deptli of 312 fatlioms, in 1850, by Lowe, who, however, omitted to glv<* a description of it.
Tlie species was rediscovered at the same locality Ijy JolmHuu twelve years later. A
third specimen wiis picked tip from tlie surface, near the island of D<miinica. A t'onrtli
example was obtained by the Challenger in raid-Atlantic, at Station 107. in 1,500 fathetiis,
un August 26, 1873. A' tlfth was obtained by the U. S. Naticmal Museum from Cniit.
Thomas F. llodgdon of the Gloucester schooner Betne \V. Somers. It wus found on Lo
Have Bank, lloatiug un the aurt'ace, in June, 1880. (Ooodo &. Beun.)

ih
I

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2293

One specimen from Old. liahama Straits. (Liitken.) A singular fish of
uncertain relationships, remarkable for the development of mucous pores.
(scripUts, written.;

rseudoscopelus seripHit, Lt'TKEN, Spolia Atlantica, Scopeliui, 64, 1892, Old Bahama Straits,

Family CXCIV. CH^ENJClITHYID.l':.

l{ody rather elongated, gradually and regularly declining from the nape
to the caudal fin ; auteriorly suhcylindrical or scarcely compressed. Skin
naked or covered Avith small scales. I.ateral line high on the sides and
near the dorsal fin. Head moderate or large, with the snout prolonged,
depressed, and spatuliform. Crown depressed, not relieved by crests or
ridges. Preorbi cal bones large ; suborbital chain very narrow, not artic-
ulated with the preopercle. Opercular bones all present, the interopercle
auvl snbopercle moderately developed. Mouth terminal, with the cleft
lateral and large, extending to i,ne vertical of the eye; upper jaw with
its border formed almost entirely by the premaxillaries, whose posterior
processes are very short; maxillaries with their articulations entirely
jjosterior to the premaxillaries, slender and gradually enlai'ged toward
their extremities. Teeth on the jaws; palate unarmed. Gill openings
wide; gill membranes inferiorly deeply emarginated behind. Branchio-
stegals 6. Pseudobranchia) developed. Dorsal fin with its spinous por-
tion short, and usually distinct from the soft, the rays of the latter
ot'ti'U simply articulated and not branched; anal fin a little shorter
than the dorsal, its rays divitled, the membrane notched behind each;
caudal fin not forked ; pectoral fins well developed, with their inferior
rays divided; ventral fins jugular or subjugular, separated by a rhom-
boid area, each with a spine and 5 rays, the first of which is frequently
thickened and entire. Cranium fiattened behind, the crests little devel-
oped or obsolete. The spatuliform snout is principally formed by the
olon.gated frontal bones. Stomach of moderate size and ciecal. Pyloric
ciica in very small number. The chief distinctive characteristic of this
t'liuiily is doubtless the spatuliform extensions of the snout. This, com-
liined with the extent of the fins, structure of the head, and general form,
distinguish the group from all others. It appears to be most closely
:il!i<'(l to the Hat'pagifcrid(v and Nolothcnidw. From the former it is sepa-

t d by the form of the head, as well as by that of th<' body. From the
t«^ , by the same features, and also by the naked skin. (Gill.) Genera

< 1, with about 6 species; inhabiting rather deep waters, mostly in the
Tropics. (Chwnichthjioidw, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 507.)

a. Body covered with cycloid, deciduous scales; maxillary with a flap; operclo with a
dermal flap. Hyi'SICOMEtes, 849.

849. HYPSICOMETES, Goode.

Ihit'iicomttvt, GooDK, Proc. I'. S. Nat. ^lus. 1880, 347 (goboides).

i'xKiy elongate, subcylindrieal, tapering posteriorly. Head very large,
much depressed, with Buout elongate, spatulatc ; cleft of mouth very wide,

! t

I

j

; ;;

■ )
4

2294

Bulletin 4.J, United States National Museum.

horizontal, with lower jaw much the longer; the posterior margin of the
maxillary wide, frco, and with a long cntaueoua llap. Eyes very large,
close together, siibvertical. Scales large, cycloid, deciduous; lateral line
conspicuous and continuous, descending abruptly behind pectorals, its
seal(.-u smaller than those of the body adjoining. Teeth acicular, in bands
on the jaws, vonusr, and palatines, the largest being upon tht palatines,
the vomer, and upon 2 pads on either side of the symphysis of the maxil-
laries. A sharp, short, strong scapular spine. Opercle with 3 feoble, sharp
spincN, each at the end of a strong feeble ridge; a long, skinny opercular
Hap extending far beyond the bony portion, and covered with scales.
Branchiostegals 6. Gill membranes free from the isthmus, except far in
front, where tht^y are united to it, the left-hand Hap overlapping the right
at the point of junction. Pseudobranchia^ present. Gill rakers short.
{vr\}i, below, i. e., in deep water; Ka)iJ.))tr}i, dweller.)

2631. HYPSICOMETEM OOBOIDES, Goode.

'H

I! 'r";

Head about 2} ; depth 7^; orbit 4^ in head, or 1.V in snout. D. VI-15 tct
17; A. 16 to 18; V. I, 5; P. 26; scales 65. Mouth very wide, horizontal,
the maxillary, whjcli is expanded spoon-like posteriorly, reaching con-
siderably beyond vertical from anterior margin of orbit; eye consid-
erably nearer tip of snout than end of flap, and equidistant between
tip of snout and tip of uppermost spine of operculum; entire upper sur-
face of head, cheeks, and opercula covered with scales, except upon
bony portion of snout; first dorsal lin placed iar forward, not fur
behind vertical from axil of pectoral; interspace between termination of
first dorsal and beginning of second ec^ual to diameter of the orbit, this
fin composed of 6 spines, the first and second of which are longest, ecxual
to distance from anterior margin of orbit to tip of lower jaw, and tri
angular in form ; origin of s«'.cond dorsal almost vertical from that of anal,
and terminating a little in advance of the latter; second dorsal fin highest
in front and low behind; length of caudal x)(^duncle a little less thiiii
length of snout; caudal rounded; i>ectoral very broad at base, rouudeil,
extending beyond vent and nearly to vertical from origin of anal; lower
rays branched; ventrals far apart, horizontal, TriglaAikv, composed of 1
flexible spine and 5 branched rays, their insertion far forward and far in
advance of base <tf pectorals. Color grayish l)rown ; lighter and yellowisii
below. Known only from a very small specimen, in which many of IIk^
important characters were not discernible. This specimen (No. 260(i7,
U. S. Nat. MuN.) was taken by the Fink Hawk from Station 871, in 40"-' 02' ni
N.lat., 70° 23' 40" W. Ion., at a depth of 115 fathoms, and is much con
tracted and distorted from immersion in strong alcohol. (Goode. ) {Gobiiis;
Eido(;, resemblance.)

Ilypticometct goboideM, (JooDB, Troc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 348, lat. 40°, oa', 54" N., Ion. 70"^
33' 40" V/., in 115 fathoms (Coll. Fish JTaivk) : Jordan & Gilukkt, Synopsis, 808, IHSDi
Goode i: Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, UOO, lig. 263, 18'J6.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2295

)l

Family CXCV. TRICHODONTID^.
(TlIK Sand-fishks. )

Body rather elongate, compressed, uaked. Head short, flat on top, the
sides vertical. Eyes large, high up, but not P"y~:or. Month large,
almost vertical; lower jaw projecting, its tip entering the profile; Ym^
I ringed; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary very broad, without sup-
l)leuiental bone, not siii>ping under the very narrow preorbital. Teeth
moderate, slender and sharp, but not setiforni, in bands on jaws and
vomer; palatines toothless; inner teeth of jaws depressible. Gill makers
sliort, slender; gill membranes narrowly united, free from the isthmus.
iJranchiostegals 5. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Pseudobranchije
huge. Preopercle with 5 prominent s]»ineH, the 2 upper directed strongly
ii]nvard, the 2 lower downward, tbe middle 1 downward and backward;
no larbels; opercle small, strongly striate, unarmed; preorbital with
siiiiies; no suborbital stay. Lateral line obsolete. Dorsal fins separate,
the first the larger, of iiuratTOUs slender spines; anal fin elongate, with-
out distinct spines, the rays of anterior third of the fin much shorter
tliau the others, the beginning of the fin below middle of spinous dorsal;
pectorals with a very broad, curved, procurrent base; a broad lunate
area between pe(!toral and gill opening, nearly covered by the opercle;
soft rays of dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins all simple; ventrals I, 5, close
to<;ether, thoracic, but behind the pectorals, the middle rays longest;
caudal lunate, with many accessory rays, on a slender peduncle. Verte-
line numerous, 48 in typical species. Two genera and 2 species known;
from the North I'acific ; living in sand near the shore. The fringed lips
ami other characterii indicate the relationship of these fishes with the
l'ranoico]^i&<!e. (Trachimdu', genus Trichodon, Giinther, Cat., ii, 250.)

(t. I'irst dorsal long and ralher low , of 14 or 15 splues.
(III. First dorsal short and high, of 10 spines.

Tkichodon, 850.
AUCTOSCOl'fS, 851.

830. TRICHODON (Steller) Cuvier.
(Sand-fishes.)

Triihodoii, Stellek, iu Tilesius, Mem. Acad. St. Pclersburf;, iv, 1811, 4C8 (trichodon).
Trkliddon, CuviEK, llt-gno Animal, Ed. u, vol. 2, 149, 1829 (trichodon).

Cliaracters of the genus included above, the first dorsal long and rather
low, of 15 spines. One species. (0/j/|, hair; o5ot)s, tooth.)

!2»:t2. TltUllUlK» TKIIHODON (Tilesius).
(Sa.ndkish.)

Head from tip of upper jaw, 3*; depth ^^. D. XIII-1, 18; A. 28; P. 22;
eye 4^ in head, snout 4^; maxillary 2; inuerorbital 3; pectoral li; ventral
r; : height of spinous dorsal 3/,. IJody moderately elongate, compressed;
dorsal outline slightly concave and sloping gently upward from snout to
dorsal, theuce turning at a very slight angle nearly straight to caudal ;

WW

2296 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ventral outline well rounded from chin to caudal peduncle, the curve
much more gradual posteriorly ; head and body everywhere covered with
thin naked skin. Mouth large, superioi, nearly vertical, the lower jaw
projecting, its tips entering thex)rofile; lips fringed; maxillary reaching
to middle of pupil; teeth in 2 or 3 rows, small, Hharp and recurved; teeth
on vomer; pulatines toothless. Eyes placed high, their diameter equal to
length of snout; interorbital wide and flat, a third wider than eye; toji
of head smooth, sometimes rugose in younger individuals, covered with
thin smooth skin; anterior nostril ending in a tube; preopercle with 5
spines, the 1 at angle largest, the 2 upper ones pointing upward and
backward, the middle one pointing downward and backward, the 2
lower ones pointing downward and forward; opercle with radiating
ridges; gill rakers short and slender, numerous. Origin of spinous dorsal
behind base of pectoral, its distance from snout 3 in body, the spines not
varying greatly in length, the last one connected by a membrane to the
back; soft dorsal well separated from spinous, its rays about equal to
spines in length, highest in front ; anal long, its origin nearer to the snout
than base of caudal by a distance equal to the length of the eye. Pec-
toral, when spread, broadly rounded behind, its lower rays rapidly decreas-
ing in size below, reaching well past front of anal; ventrals inserted
behind base of pectorals a distance equal to f eye, their tips reaching to
vent. Lateral line running high. Vertebras 17 + 30 = 47. Color silvery,
light brown above; a dark brown streak following the lateral line,
broken up into spots anteriorly; quadrangular, dark brown marks aloiiji;
the back at base of dorsals, chain-like markings in front of dorsal on
nape; snout and tij) of lower jaw dark; a dark line at lower part of eye;
dorsals light, a dark streak along upper part of spinous dorsal; pectorals
dusky; ventrals and anal colorless. Length 8 to 10 inches. North
Pacific, on sandy shores, from Bering Sea to Monterey; very abundant
northward; burying in tlie sand. Here described from a specimen, S.V
inches in length, from llerondeen Bay, Alaska {Albatross collection).
Possibly detailed comparison may show a difference between California
specimens and those from Bering Sea.

Traehinns triehodon, TiLBSlus,* Mem. Acad. St. retorsburg, iv, 1811, pi. 15, flg. 8, 473,
Kamchatka; Pallas, ZoograpUiiv Bossu-Asiatica, in, 235, 1811. t

* The specific nnino triehodon 8'iould apparently date from Tilesius. 1811. Altlionfili
Vol. IV, of tlio Mem. Acad. St. I'eterabnrp iiears the date 1813 it was for the year 1811, iind
it is evident that the plate containing the figure of this species was accessible to Pallas
as early as 1811, for, m his "Zoographia," printed in 1811, tliough not published until
1831, Pallas refers to the plate of Tilesius in very definite terms. The met that Pallaa
was, in 1811, thus able to refer definitely to Tilesius's plate of Trachinus triehodon, fixes
the date of publication of that ])late at least as early as 1811. Tliat this plate appenred
in the volume of Memoirs for 1811 (though the volume was not published until 1813), fixes
1811 as the date for the name. Though the "Zoographia" of Pallas was not formally
published until 1831, it was printed in 1811, and Cuvier & Valenciennes evidently had a
copy in 1829, as they ri'fer to it.

t Tilesius confused matters greatly by using, in one and the same article, three different
names or combinations of names for this fish. At the beginninju; of this article (p. 406) in
a l)ald list of the s|)ecies discussed in the paper, he has "Vraehinus triehodon." On iia^e.
466 he has '' TrachiniiK gasteropeleens," .accompanied by a full description of the species.
In a footnote on page 473, he has '• Trachinus triehodon" together with a description wliich
he says applies to the young, and finally his pi. 15, fig. 8, is marked "■Trachinut trieho-
don.''

^iMMs%.

I ' I,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2297

Drachinua triehodon, TiLESius, Meiu. Acad. St. Petersburg, iv, 1811, 406; name only.

Trachinu* gasteropeleevx, Tilesius, {. c, 466, 1811, Kamchatka.

Triehodon «te?t«ri,CuviKK & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poi88.,iii, 154, pi. 57, 1829; bnsed on
Traehinus triehodon Pallas; GCnther, Cat., ii, 251, I860; Jordan & Gilbert, Synop-
sis, 627, 1883.

Triehodon Uneatut, ^.yebs, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pkila. 1860, 60, San Francisco ; B. XV-18 ;
A. 28; P. 23.

^.

851. ARCTOSCOPUS, Jordan & Evermann.

Iretoseopui, Jordan & Evermann, Clieck-List Fishes, 464, 1896 (japonieus) .

This genus differs from Triehodon in the. short, high, triangular spinous
dorsal which is composed of 10 spines. {apHTog, uurtheru ; (jhotcos, gazer;
lor Uranoacopui.)

2688. ARCTOSCOPUS JAPOMCUS (Steindachnor).

Head 3f ; depth 3S. D. X or XI-13; A. 30 or 31; P. 25. Form of body
and coloration of Triehodon triehodon. First dorsal high, triangular, the
spines slender, separated by a long interval from the second dorsal. Pre-
oi)ercle with 5 sharp spines; the 2 spines on the preorbital very small,
rectoral well developed, all its rays simple, the lower a little thickened,
the fin considerably longer than the head and reaching past the last spine
of the dorsal ; anal fin with its rays gradually longer posteriorly. Denti-
tion as in Triehodon triehodon, but the mouth rather more oblique. Length
41 inches. North Pacific; scarce. Recorded from Strietok, in the Sea of
Japan, and Sitka, Alaska, by Steindachner, and by Jordan & Gilbert from
Itiirup Island (Kurils). {japonicua, from Japan.)

Triehodon japonieua, Steindachner, Icbtb. Beitr., x, 4, 1881, Strietok ; Sitka ; Jordan, Cat.

Fishes N. A., 117, 1885.
Arcto»copus japonicus, Jordan & Gilbert, Kept. Fur Seal Investig., 1898.

1; I'

1 |!

Family CXCVI. DACTYLOSCOPID.E.
(The Sand Stau-gazkus.)

Body oblong, low, compressed posteriorly, covered with moderate,
cycloid, imbricated scales; lateral line complete, anteriorly running along
side of back, posteriorly median; head oblong, nearly plane above; eyes
small, superior, well forward; suborbital bones enlarged, but without
bouy stay connecting with the preopercle; nostrils double; opercles
fringed; mouth nearly vertical; premaxillaries protractile, not forming
tlni entire edge of the upper jaw; lips fringed as in Uranoaeopidw ; gill
openings very broad, the membranes separat(^d and free from the isthmus,
psciulobrancbiai present or obsolete. Dorsal fin very long, continuous or
divided, several of the anterior rays spinous ; anal very long, commencing
tloso behind the vent, which is near the breast ; caudal diphycercal, free
from dorsal and anal ; pectorals variable, the base broad and procurreut ;
veutrals jugular, I, 3; vertebral more than 10 4-14; pyloric ca'ca none.
Genoiii 4; species about 10; small fishes living on sandy shores of tropical
3030 67

mw

2298 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

America. This family is nearly related to Uranoacopida' , of which gr(»u]>
it seems to be a reduced or de<>:euerate bran«'h. Its relations with tbi
Asiatic family Lep1o8copidw are most intimate, the incomplete ventrals and
Mim])le pectoral rays of Daotyloscopidw being the chief distinctive features.
(I)actylo8C0pidw, Gill, Arrangm. Families Fishes, 1872.)

a. Dorsal fln divided, the first dorsal composed of 3 spines inserted on tlie nape; hciiil
not cuboid; cliiu ^vitllOllt tiap; fringes of lips siuull. Gillellus, 8.Vj.

aa. Dorsal fln continuous.

h. Dorsal tin con)mencin<: at tlie nape; pseudobranchiu) very small or obsolete,
head cuboid. Dactyldscopus, 85:i

bb. Dorsiil fln commencing far behind the nape; pseudobruncbiio well developed.
c. Head cuboid, formed as in Dactylotcopus ; the mouth vertical.

Dactylaonus, 8r)4.
ec. Head elongate-conoid, the lower Jaw projoctins, with a fleshy flaj) at ti]).

MYXODAONUS, Saj.

i.ri

852. GILLELLUS, Gilbert.

Oillellus, GiLUEUT, rroc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 98 {semiei actus).

A separate dorsal fin on the nape composed of 3 spines. Lateral line
descending posteriorly, its dorsal and median ]>ortions about eciuiil.
Fringes of upper lip obsolete, those of lower lip little evident. Head not
cuboid, the mouth moderately oblique, the lower jaw rounded in front an-'
without symphyseal flap. The physiognomy is intermediate between
Dactyloscopita and Myxodagnna, from each of whi«!h the genus is well sej)-
arated by the characters of the dorsal tin and the lateral line. ("Named
in honor of Dr. Theodore Gill, to whom we owe our knowledge of the pre-
viously described members of this most interesting group." Gilbert.)

a. Tip of lower jaw projecting.

6. Anterior portior of lateral line longer than ]>osterior portion; the scales 2,'i to
28 + 3 + 15 to 18 = 43 to 49. D. III-IX, 28 : A. II, 30 or 31.

8EMICINCTUS, 20;!4.

66. Anterior portion of lateral line much shorter than ]iosterior ])ortion, 2i times
in the latter; scales 18 i 3 + 27=48. D. 11-IX, 31 ; A. II, 35.

AUENICOLA, L'tillS.

aa. Tip of lower Jaw scarcely projecting; antenor portion of lateral line IJ times in
•posterior. D. I-IX, 31; A. II, 34. ORNATUs, 26;J6,

26S4. (JlLLKLLl'N SEHICLXCTUK, Gilbert.

Head 3J; depth 5J^. 1). III-IX or X, 28; A. II, 30 or 31; scales 25 to L'8-
3-15 to 18 (43 to 49 scales in all). Body deep, tapering rapidly either way
from flout of dorsal. Mouth moderately obliiiue, the maxillary extendinj;
beyond orbit, 3 in head; tip of lower jaw projecting; teeth in a narrow
band in front of jaws, becoming a single series laterally; none of the
teeth enlarged. Oiiercular fringes well developed, 8 or 9 in number; (old
of membrane between rami of lower jaw well develo]>ed; psendobrancliiic
app.arently not developed; gill vakers obsolete. Dorsal fin beginuinf^ iit
a distance from occiput less than diameter of eye, the first 3 rays en-
tirely detached from the rest of the fin, the first ray the high^'st, i\w
second and third shortened; of the remaining part of the fin the first 9 or

Jordan and Evermmtn. — Fishes of North America. 2299

10 rays are uuarticiilated and spiaoiis; iirst 2 anal rays not articulated;
lit iidal about If in head; pectorals Ij^. Lateral line running anteriorly
along the very base of spinons dorsal, no scales intervening between it
;nid base of tin; it deHceuds to middle of sidi's posteriorly, the median
jKirtion of its length shorter than the dorsal portion. Color light oliva.
ccous, the back with 6 broad croHS bars of pink, narrowly margined be-
hind and in front with blackish, terminating below on middle of sides;
the lower of th^se bars frequently black ; a black bar across caudal pe-
duncle, and sometimes a black line at base of caudal; along median line
(if sides frecjuently a series of small black sjiots alternating with the
11(188 bars; a similar series along median dorsal line; a large pink blotch
covering occiput; a dusky bar across interorbital space, running down-
w.ird and backward across cheek; silvt^ry spots and blotches on cheeks
iinil anterior portions of opercles; fins unmarked. Specimens have been
olitaiiied in the Gulf of California by the Albatross, at Stations 2827 and
L'8:'i), and by the dramjnts in the Atlantic, at Stations 5108 and 5112, off
till' coast of Fli)riJa; no specific difference among them noticed, but the
Atlantic form needs further study. (Gilbert.) (semi, half ; d/tdMS, belted.)

(Hlhtlii^ temicinctux, Gilbeut, Proc. F. S. Nat. Mua. 1890, 98, Albatross Stations aSay, aSag,
Gulf of California (Coll. Albatross); Jokdan, rroc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229, yl. 32.

2635. CIILLGLLVS AltENICOLA, Gilbert.

1 1 oad 4f in length ; depth 8f . D. II-IX, 31 ; A. II, 35 ; scales 18-3-27. Body
very slender and elongate, much as in Mijxodaiinus, the snout sharp, the
mandible produced at symphysis and conspicuously projecting; labial
t'rinifes apparently obsolete ; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of
orbit; eye small, about equaling length of snout, 6 in head; opercular
t'l'iuues nearly obsolete, 3 or 4 small ones at upper edge of opercle. An-
terior dorsal inserted close behind occiput, composed of 3 rays, and sepa-
rateti by a short interspace from rest of fin ; pectorals longer than head.
Latt ral line anteriorly running along base of dorsal, from which it is not
separated by intervening scales, the anterior portion contained 2^ times in
the i)osterior median portion. Color light olivaceous, the head with gray-
isli blotches and small pe.irly spots; 11 dark bars downward from back,
the alternate ones narrower and fainter and not extending to middle of
sides, as do the others; the margins of the larger bars darker than the
median portion, the bars not continued onto dorsal fin; all the fins trans-
lucent. A single specimen 1| inches long, from Cape San Lucas. (Gil-
bert.) {avena, sand; colo, I inhabit.)

Oillelhis arenicola, Gn.HF.KT, Proc.U.S.Nat.Mu8.l890, 99, Cape San Lucas. (CoU.Gilbert.

2U86. UILLELLUS OUXATIJS. Gilbert.

Head 4Jt in length ; del ^ 8- D. III-IX, 31 ; A. II, 34 ; scales not counted.
With tile elongate form and general appearance of (lillellua arenicola, but
ditt'tring in the Bubequaljaws and in the long anterior portion of the lat-
eral line. Head conical, acute, very small; jaws nearly etpial, the lower
slightly longer than the upper, but not noticeably protruding. In this

2300

Bulleiifi ^7, United States National Museum.

rcHpect tbe sptH-ies resembles most Htiongly V>. semiviiictna, from which \i
varius widely in the ^euenil form Rud pro]>ortiuu8. Suout extremely
short, scarcely e(ju!iling diameter of the minute eye; diameter of orbit
about 7 in head. Mouth oblique, the maxillary 4 in head, reaching nearly
to vertical from posterior margin of orbit. Lips Avithout fringes. Eyt >
separated by a narrow septum, the interorbital width being less than the
diameter of the pui)il. Opercular fringes few and small, flat, and mit
terminating evident ridges as in Dactyloscopus, Dorsal beginning well
f<irward, its origin less than diameter of orbit behind the posterior liint
of occiput; anterior detached part of fin consisting apparently of 3 rays,
the first i)f which is the longest, the second and third equal and short ;
fourth s])ine again longer; spines as usual slenderer than the rays, and
showing no articulation8,but with some difficulty discriminated from them ;
pectoral as long as head. Anterior part of lateral liue running immediately
along base of dorsal, without intervening scales, as in other members of
this genus. It is much longer than in G.aroncola and is contained Ij
times in the posterior median portion. There are 3 scales between tin-
posterior part of the lateral lino and the base of the dorsal. Color similar
to that of G. arenifola and G, semidnctus, light olivaceous, unmarked below
the middle of the sides, the back and upper half of sides with 8 brown
bars which extend downward to lateral line; the upper part of each bar
with a lighter central area, the light areas between the bars marked
more or less with brown, which sometimes forms indistinct secondary bars ;
a blackish bar at base of caudal, and a faint streak below eye; a lar^c
pearly blotch on opercle. A single specimen, about 2 inches long, from
Alhatroas Station 2828 in the Gulf of California. (Gilbert.) {ornatits,
adorned.)

Oilliihiii oruatut, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1801, 558, Gulf of California. (Cull.
Gilbert.)

853. DACTYLOSCOPUS,* Gill.

Daetylotcopus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 132 (tHdigitatu*).
Eslovcoims, JouDAN & Evebmann, Check-List Fishes, 405, 1896 (zelotes).

Body moderately elongate, covered with rather large, cycloid sea]«>s;
head cuboid, oblong, and nearly flat above ; eyes small ; interorbital spaie
broad; mouth nearly vertical; lower jaw not dilated beneath nor em urgi-
uate in front, without barbels; no intralabial filament; teeth villifoiin,
on jaws only ; pseudobranchiai very small or obsolete. Dorsal commenc-
ing at the najie, with 6 or 12 slender spines, the soft rays numerous; aniii

*Thi9 genus is thus defined L Dr. Gill: " Body elongate with the dorsal and abdominal
outlines slowly converging to tlie caudal fin. Scales large, regularly imbricated. Laicnil
line straight, and running along the middle of the side. Head olilong, subcubical, awA.
smooth. Preopercle entire, (ijiorcle radiatoly fringed behind. Mouth nearly vertiial.
Tongue thick, narrowed anteriorlj', attached to the floor of the mouth. Labial vt'liiiii
without a barbel. Anus a short distance behind the base of the pectoral fins. Dor.sal lin
siibequal, single, and very long, commencing above or before the anus and continniMi
almost to the base of the caudal. Anal fin commencing behind the anus, and with tlie
same form and termination as the dorsal. Caudal lin small and narrow, posteriorly siili-
truncated. Pectoral fins subangular. Ventral fiua jugular, closely approsiatilted: aud
each with 3 stout simple and articulated rays."

J

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2301

inserted behind dorBal; ventral rays I, 3. ((5a«ri^/lo?, finger; 6hotcoc,
na/.er, short for l.'ranoacopuH.)

DACTYLOSCOPUS:

(I. Dorsal rayH X to XII, 22 to 31 ; anal rays less than 35.

6. Soft dorsal witli 22 soft rays; anal with 20. PKCTORAna, 2637.

hb. Soft dorsal with 28 to 31 rays; anal with 32 or 33 ; scales about 45.

c. Bmly rather slender, tbo depth about 0 in length (7 with <'aiidnl) ; opercular
fringe of 15 filainents. tkiuigitatus, 2(j;i8.

cc. Body rather stout, the depth SJ in length (0 in total with caudal) ; oper-
cular fringe of 18 filamnuts.
d. Uacic not barre«l ; head blotched and dotted. poeyi, 2639.

dd. Back with about lU pale cross bars; head marked witli wliitish; a
dark bar at base of caudal. i.rNATicns, 2640.

Esr.osCOPUS (e<rAds, good; (rKon6<: for Vranoscojnig):
an. Dorsal rays VI, 38; anal rays II, 37; scales 0-51-5. zeixjtes, 2641.

'. i;

Subgenus DACTYLOSCOPUS.

2037. DACTTLOSCOPUS PECTORALIS, Gill.

Head abont 5 in total length with candal ; depth ?bout 7 (in total). D.
XII, 22; A. II, 26; P. 12; V. I, 3. Width of head behind operculum 7 in
totiil length with caudal; ej'^o small, 10 in head; interorbital space equals
(lianioter of eye; preopereulum broader at the angle than in DacUjloscopua
tridigitatus; pores well developed; opercular fringe of 11 or 12 free fila-
meiits; origin of dorsal between I and J length of lish from tip of snout;
oiij^in of anal under sixth or seventh dorsal ray, the first 12 dorsal and
2 anal rays simple. Pseudobramihiie obsolete. Color light brownish
yellow, with dark spots on the back, arranged in lines forming the out-
liiicH of about 6 quadrangular areas, from the angles of which irregular
lines proceed downward, converging toward those departing from the
angles of adjoining areas; more scattered and irregular Bi)ots an;l dots
often present below the lateral line; head lighter, diffused with pink
above. Each orbit with 4 div<'rging bands, 1 in front, a bifurcated one
I'roni the antero-inferior angle, and 2 from posterior border, a transverse
sinnated nuchal line; upper angle of operculum whitish, bounded in front
by a (lark line or spot. (Gill.) Cape San Lucas; not seen by us. (pec-
toral is, pertaining to the breast.)

Dactiihtgcopun pectoralia. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.Phila. 1861,267, Cape San Lucas.
Jdliii Xautus.)

2«88. DACTYLOSCOPUS TKIDHnTATlIS, Gill

(Cell.

Head 5 (in total) with caudal; depth 7. D. XII, 28; A. II, 32; P. 13;
V. I, ',\\ scah^s 11 + 1 -|- 30 := -15. Body slender, much comi)re.s8ed posteri-
orly; opercular fringe of 15 separate filaments. Origin of dorsal fin over
the lower angle of the base of tho pectorals, or immediately beforts t\w
niai'f^iii of the operculum, its distance from snout to dorsal .5 in total
len^tli of body. Pseudobranchia^ very small (overlooked by Dr. («ill, but
evident in living specimonH). In life, pale sand color above, the lower
part wliitish; above 12 narrow cross bands of whitish on the back, not

:ii

2302

Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

*>xteiMlin<r (lowu fur Dii the sides; lieud mottlinl iibovr ; fiiiM all pal*'. Wt'st
lu'liuH, north to Key West; rather common in foial sand in ghallow water
abont Key West. (/>•<•«, three; Aiij%tH», linger, from the 3 ventral rayH.)

Dacliitoscoput trUliifilatus, Giu., Vroc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1859, i;t2, Barbados (C(ill. Dr.
GUI); Giu,, I. c, ISOl, 204; Giu., I.e., 1802, 505; (JO.NTiiEU, Cat., iii, 279, 1861; Joiidan
\- (^iiLnEKT, SyiiopHW, 753, 18(*3; Johdan, Troc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1884, 140.

2tt3». l»A€TYLOSrOPI'S I'OKYI. (Jill.

I lead 5 in total length ; depth Ct^ in total. D. XI, 31 ; A. II, 32. IJody nion^
rohnst than in I). irUligltaius; head piano above and obtusely anguliit(!(l
at the sides of the plane; thickness of the head behind the preopcrculimi
e.xceeding ^ of its length; intororbital space J diameter of eye. Eyt>
about 7 in head; preoperele as in 7>. iridigitatus, pores indistin(^t or obso-
lete; opercular fringe of about 18 filaments, the lowest of which aio
scarcely extended beyond the margin; origin of dorsal fin Jj distance fiom
tip of snout; origin of anal fin under sixth dorsal ray; scales of moder.ito
si/e and regularly imbricated. Color reddish brown, dotted with darker
above the lateral line; head blotched and dotted with darker; operclcs
variegated; opercular bones nearly immaculate. (Gill.) Cuba; not seen
by us. (Named lor Prof. Felipe i'oey.)

Dactylogeopvs poejii, Gii.L, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1801, 200, Cuba. (C(ill. Felipe Poi y .)

k

2040. DArTYLOSI'OPUS LIINATICI'S, Gilbert.

Head (to end of opercular fringes) 3jj, from tip of lower jaw to 1
fringes 4 ; depth greater than in related species, 5^ in length. D. X oi ai,
29 or 30; A. II, 32 or 33 ; scales about 11 -f I + 30 = about 45. Head cuboid,
narrowed forward, the vertex gently convex; width at occiput \ length
of head (to base of fringes on opercle). Mouth nearly vertical, maxillary
2^^ in head. Labial fringes short but evident. A short nasal filamcjiit.
Teeth in a rather broad cardiform bsind on front of upper jaw, becomiii<T
narrow laterally; in lower jaw a single series, or an irregular double
series anteriorly ; vomer and palatines toothless. P^yes small, very close
together, the inteiorbital width about ^ their diameter, which equals
length of snout, or about ^ head. Gill laminse. much reduced in si/e;
a sr.iall round pore behind inner .arch. (Jill rakers obsolete; pseudo-
brp.uchia'. small but evident. Opercular fringes composed of 18 lilii-
ineiits. Dorsal beginning at a distance behind occiput equaling diameter
of orbit, its anterior rays but partly joined by membrane, the first 10
or 11 slender and not articulated, the last ray distant from base of
caudal about a diameter of orbit; origin of anal under sixth dorsal spine,
the 2 anterior rays not articulated; pectorals short, IJ in head, con-
tainiug 14 or 15 rays; caudal very small, with 10 developed rays, its
length 2J in head. Later.il line running high in its anterior portion,
declining on 3 or 4 scales, the posterior portion on middle of sides
with 29 or 30 tubes; 4 scales between median portions of lateral lino
and base of dorsal. Color light olivaceous, a dark streak along back, 1

Jordan and Iivcrniann. — Fishes of North America. 230.'i

iilong iiiiddlu of sidcH, and a faiDter one alon;; bast; of anal, furnied Ity
•lurker uiarginM t<» the scalos; median doraal line witli 10 or 11 more or
less evident narrow pearly white cross bars; top of head and front of
inaudible colored like the back, tlit* pearly blotclu's varying in size and
-liape, bnt symmetrically arranged, many of tlwm narrowly cdyi-d with
lilack; nasal tentacle white; white streaks (m jtreopercle; caudal with
:i narrow black bar at base. Gulf of California. Three specinicnH, the
lonjiest 'A inches, from AlbatrosH Stations 2707 and 3012, the latter in 22
I'uthoms. (Oilbe t.) {hinaticus, moon-struck.)

Hiiclnlogcoinit lunaticut, UiLliKRT, Troc. U. S. Nat. Mu«. 1800, !t9. Gulf of California, ((.'oil,
AlbatroHg.)

Subgenus ESLOSCOPUS, Jordan & Evcrinunii.

2041. DAI.'TVLOSCOIMIS /KLOTES, JorUan iV (iilbort.uew Hpicies.

Head H in length; depth OJ. D.VI,38; A. 11,37; V.3; scales 6-51-5;
i{. 0. Head and body shuidcr, comiiressed, the greatest widih at occiput,
:', length of head; the gr(>atcst depth immediately behind insertion of
anal iin, thence tajteriug to a very narrow tail. Head narrow, cuboid,
(■(impressed, the upper surface nearly piaue, the cheeks vertictA. Eyes
very small, superior, with little lateral range; diameter of orbit about i'-,
l(ni,'th of head; snout very short, about equaling orbit; anterior nostril
in a short tube; gape snbvertical, the lower Jaw very heavy, projecting.
as ill I'ranoscopus; premaxillaries protractile, the processes reat^hing far
bciiind orbits; lips fringed; both jaws with bands of villiforni teeth; no
teeth on tongue, vomer, or palatines. Subopeicle and iuteropercle very
wide, llexible, striate, the latter overlapping throat and ba.so of ventral
tins, the former wholly covering base of pectoral fins; the striations of
oitorde terminate posteriorly in a wide, coarse, membranaceous fringe;
hrauchiostegal membranes not united, free from the isthmus; pubic bones
forming a sharp projection at throat; no pseudobranchiie ; gills small, a
loniid pore behind the fourth. Dorsal beginning on the nape, its distance
fronv snout about eciualing depth of body, the first 6 rays shorter than
tlidse following and not connected by membrane ; as no traces of articula-
tion can be found, they are probably flexible spines, but are not clearly
(lilVerentiated from those immediately following; origin of anal under
fourth dorsal spine; caudal distinct, narrow, short; ventrals inserted
luuler anterior margin of preopercle; ventrals 2 in head; ptu-torals \^.
Scales large, with entire edges, wanting on head, breast, and region
Iioliind pectoral fins. Lateral line beginning at upi>er posteritn- angh; of
ojiercle, running parallel with the back on about 12 scales, then obliquely
downward to middle of body. Color in spirits, light olivaceous, the edg-
ings of the scales, some vermiculations on top of head, and the labial
frini;e8 clear brown; fins translucent, the caudal with a brown bar at
hase; eyes dark. Length 3^ inches. Panama; 1 si)ecimen known. The
prtseut description copied from the original in Proc. Nat. Mus. 1882, (528.
(rj//lf<;r?/5, an imitator, from its resemblance to Dactylagniis mundus.)

IMi'i iiloxenpus, sp. iiov., .iokdan & Gilbkkt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1882, 628, Panama.
httfiiiluscoptis zeloti't, Jc)iU)AN & Gilbert, new species (MS. 1882), Panama (Coll. Capt.
Dow).

i 1

■H

pww

2304 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

854. DACTYLAGNUS, (iill.

Dactylagnus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Thila. 1862, 505 i.munihu).

Body moderately elougated, covered with rather large and uniform
scales. Head cuboid, oblong, scarcely convex transversely above. Eyes
smiill, directed obliquely upward, and situated near the Buout on the
upper surface of the head. Interorbital area moderate and channeled.
Mouth very oblique or subvertical, the snout truncated in front; lower
Jaw transversely convex in front f-nd with no barbel; teeth acute, in a
narrow band along each jaw; palate smooth. Dorsal fin perfectly entire,
commencing rather farther behind than the anal, and with its anterior
portion armed with about 10 slender spines; anal fin longer than the
dorsal. This genus closely resembles Dactyloscojnis externally. It difters
from the latter genus chiefly in the structure of the dorsal fin and the
well-developed psendobranrhix. {8(XHrv\o?, finger; ayvo?, Agnus, an
old name of Uranoacopus aeaber. )

2042. DAt"^YLAG>US MUXDUS, Gill.

fl

!. VJt^M

V'''' ''■ '^

ill^

IB' «l

Hend 4*; depth 6|. D. X,31; A. 11,38; scales 2-48-10; eye 6 in head;
maxillary 2'% ; suont equals eye ; highest dorsal spine 3 ; iiighest anal ray
2i ; pectoral equals head ; caudal Ig . Body elongate, compressed, taper-
ing posteriorly; upper profile of head nearly horizontal, slightly convex ;
eyes superior, looking upward; interorbital narrow, concave; lower jaw
strongly projecting, mouth nearly vertical; teeth small and conical, in nar-
row bands, widest in front; vomer and palatines toothless; lips furnished
with labial fringes about as long as diameter of eye; nostril ending in a
tube; preopercle entire; opercle fringed on its upper edge, a flap of skin
downward from opercle covers the branchiostegals ; pseudobranchise pres-
ent; gill rakers not developed ; head and belly naked; fins naked. Lat-
eral line running near the back through 14 scales, deflected on 4, and
thence continued along the middle through 36. Dorsal low, long, and
continuous, distance from its origin to tip of snout 3| in body; anal
similar, slightly higher and longer; posterior rays of dorsal and anal
reaching to base of caudal rays; upper rays of pectoral the longest,
reaching to the vertical from tenth anal ray, the lower rays short, gradu-
ated, tip of fin slightly curved up; oiiginof ventrals in front of pecto-
rals, the inner rays the longest, reaching aboi t to vent; caudal truncate,
or very slightly rounded. Color in spirits, light brown above, white
below, each scale on back with a dark brown spot ; top of head with a
few brown spots; finb colorless. Length 4^^ inches. Gulf of Californin.
Here described froia specimens collected by the AUmlrosa at Cariiicti
Island, Gulf of California; the type from Cape San Lucas, {muiuhis.
neat.;

Dactylagnug mtmdut, Un.L, Troc. Ac.Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 5(10, Cape San Lucas. (Coll.
XantuB.)

'-rif£;

■: .1". 45" ■'^;^'^-'''-?^'i'2J' y^^K'^-'^^^^F^^:

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2305

855. MYXODAGNUS," Gill.

Mifxodagnus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 269 {02>erculari»).

This genus differs from Dactyloscopua in the form of the head, which is
elongate-conoid, the lower jaw obtusely pointed and provided with a
short flap in front. The pseudobranchia' are well developed and the
dorsal fin comniencos far behiuil the nape. One species known, {Myxodes,
a genus of blennies, which this fish resembles in form; Agnus, ayvo<;, an
(lid name of Uranoscopus scaher.)

3043. MYXODA(J\US OPKKCULAItIK, Gill.

Head 5 without lower jaw; depth 7. D. 36; A. II, 36; scales 2-44-9;
iiectorala equal head; ventrals IJ; caudal IJ. The body is deepest at
front of dorsal fin, taperinj^ regularly to the caudal fin. Head elongated,
acutely conical ; profile nearly straight, but slightly concave in front of
the eyes; the crown is transversely arched and smooth; the frontal bones
lietween the eyes are exceedingly narrow, so that the orbits appear sepa-
rated by little more than a mere septum ; eyes large, longitudinally ellip-
tical; opercular pores obsolete ; the postorbital or temporal ridge is nearly
as long as the diameter of the orbit; the opercular fringe is composed of
() or 7 short filaments ; origin of dorsal above vent, the fin very low and
coiitinuous, its last rays not reaching to base of caudal rays; anal com-
mencing slightly in front of dorsal, similar to it but higher, its last ray
reaching to base of caudal rays; pectoral large and pointed, reaching to
eiirve iu lateral iiao: rays of ventral subequal, reaching about to vent;
eaiulal truncate; scales moderate, finely striated concentrically and
arranged in 11 rows on each side; the lateral line runs through 12 scales
on the sides of the back, is then deflected through 3, and thence runs
along the fifth row from the back through 36. Color light yellowish
hrown, rendered darker on the back by congregations of dark spots on
tl.o scales; there is a pearly patch behind and beneath the eye, and the
o|ierculum is also colored in the same manner. (Gill.) Cape San Lucas.
Described from a specimen 21 inches in length. Not obtained by recent
collectors, (opcrcularis, pertaniing to the gill cover.)

Marodagnug operculari*, GuA,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 270, Cape San Lucas. (Coll.
XantiiH.)

Family CXCVII. URANOSCOPID^.

(The Stau-oazeus.)

Head large, broad, partly covered with bony plates. Body elongate,
collie, subeompressed, widest and usually deepest at the occiput. IJody
litlier naked or covered with very small, smooth, adherent scales, which

* Tliin frenuH is tlina defliietl by T)i . Gill : Bwly quit«^ slender, the grpntcst height con-
liiiiicd about 10 times in lenj^th. ' Hciid rather idonKated and acutely conical, about twice
MS lonn an high; eyes liir<;e and ellijitic d, and very closely approximated: frontal Imnes
i;\tivinely narrow. Mouth oblique; lower jaw itrojectinc much beyond the upper and
ti It'll i shed with a short, compressed, and wide llaii or barbel in front of the Hyniphysis;
\ilii!'<trni teeth present only on the Jaws. Dorsal tin inserted behind the vertieal of the
II II I IS, and t'uruishud with simple uiid artioulalod rays; uual tin as long as ur longer than
tliu dorsal.

■

,,

(,,

i

t ',

!' *

^ ^ ill

r }■;

In

^ :«

2306 Bullelin ^7, United States National Museum.

are arruuged in very oblique series rnnuing downward and backward;
the boales on the belly inconspicuous or obsolete. Lateral line little
developed, running bigb. Eyes small, on anterior and upper portion of
lu^ad, witb sortical rings. Moutb vertical, with strong an*! prominent
mandible ; teeth moderate, on Jaws, vomer, and palatines. PremaxilJnries
freely protractile; maxillary broad, without supplemental bones, not slip-
ping under the preorbitiil. (»ill openings wide, continued forward; gill
membranes nearly separate, free from isthmus. I'seudobranchia' i)resent;
(> branehiostegals ; 3.} gills, a slit behind the last; no anal ])apilla. Spi-
nous dorsal very short or wanting ; second dorsal long. Anal and pectorals
larg<', the latter with broad oblique bases, the lower rays rapidly short-
ened, most of tliem branched; ventrals jugular, close togetlier, I, 5, the
sjiine very short, innermost ray longest; caudal not forked. Air bladder
generally absent; pylox'ic ca-ea in moderate number. Vertebra' 24 to 26.
Carnivorous lishes, living on the bottom of tlie shores of most warm regions.
Genera S ; species 25.

ITranoscopin.e:
a. S]>inous dorsal of 4 or 5 well develojied spines; scales present.

6. Head abovoTiotontirelyi'overed with bone, tliooccij>italplatt'cea8iiigmu(']il)eliiiul
the orbits ; from the middle lino anteriorly a Y-abaped bony process extends
forward, the tips of the fork between tlio eyes; a trai)ezoidal space on either
sido of the Y, covered by naked skin, bounded by the Y, the eyes, the subor-
bit.ils, and the occipitnl jjlate. A covered furrow behind and on the inner
sido of efvc'h eye terminating near front of ()rl)its, its edges fringed. Head
without spines ; humeral spine obsolete ; lips and nostrils fringed ; no retract-
ile tentacle in montii. AsTROSCopus, 850.

KATHETOSTOJtATIN.K :

aa. Spinous dorsal obaolute ; no scales : liead above covered with bono except the groove
of the premaxillary spine; ilie bony occipital plate coalescing with llio orbital
rims ; humeral si)ino well develojied : no distinct protuberances on top of head ;
no spine in front of humeral spine ; 2 small forward-directed spines in front of
eye; 3 small spines on lower margin of ]treopercle; upper lip scarcely fringed;
no retractile tentacle in mouth ; ventral fin not largely' udnate to abdomen.

Katuetostoma, 857.

li

856. ASTROSCOPUS, IJrovoort.

(Electric Stauoazeus.)

\»trniieoint» (Brevookt) Gu,l, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1800, 20 (anoplot; young).
Aijniit, (iONTiiER, Cat. Fishes, u, 220. 1860 \aiioi>loi).

rpgelonphorus, Gn.i,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1801, 113 (misprint for VpallonphoriiK)
(}l(jreec%iut ; adult).

Hody robust. Head above not entirely covered with bone, the occipital
]date ceasing much behind the orbits; from the middle line anteriorly a
Y-shaped b<my process extends forward, tbc^ lips of the fork between the
eyes; a trapezoidal space on either aide of the Y, covered by naked skin,
Itounded l)y the Y, the eyes, tlie suborbitals, and the occipital plate. A cov-
ered furrow behind and on the inner side of ea«'h eye terminating near front
of orbits, its »Mlges fringed. Head without spines ; humeral spine obsolete ;
lips and nostrils fringed; no retractile t(Mitaclo in mouth. Young indi-
viduals with top of head largely covered by bone. Head sealeless; back
and sides covered with <-lose-sct scales; beiiy mostly luiivod. Humeral

*

Jordan and Rvermann . — Fishes of North America. 2307

spino obsolete; no npine before the ventriils. First dorsal small, of 4 or 5
low, stout, pungent spines, connected by membrane to the second dorsal,
Avhich is rather high and long; pectorals and ventrals large. Species
American, distinguished from the Old World genus, I'ravuacopiia,* diiofly
'»y the unarmed head, {ddrfjov, star; dHOTteo), x ^ look.)

(T. Naked spaco between Corks of the Y on top of head Ion;; and narrow, but sliortcr

than tbo vertical limb of tlie Y; no distin(^t 8i>ine8 before eye; sides with

round pale spots, ea<'h with a dark rinj;.

b. Dorsal spines 4, nitlier lilgli ; scales normal. y-gb^kcum, 2C44.

bh. Dorsal spines 5, lower tban in y-grcecum-, scales «f sides colierin<r in oblique

series. ZEi'iivitKUS, 2G45.

aa. Naked space between the forks of tbe Y short and broad, but lon;j;er than the very

short vertical limb of the Y ; 2 distin(!t spines directed forward Ix'fore the e5'e;

sides with small pale spots, not dark-edged. guttatus. 2646.

2044. ASTUOSCOIM'S Y-«U.ECUJI (Cu-ier .t Valenciennes).

Hoad, without l(»wer jaw, 2f, ; depth 3. i. 1). IV-1, 12; A. 13; scales 80;
eye 12i^ in head; maxillary 2; jiectoral I,',,; second dorsal spine 4; highest
dorsal rny 2; highest anal r a j^ 3; caudal 1^. Hody moderately elongate,
very robust forward, greatest depth at occiput; anteriorly subcylindrical,
posteriorly somewhat compressed. Head large and broad; mouth large,
vertical, a fringe of barbels on each, jaw, slightly longc than the diam-
eter of the eye ; tongue extremely large and llcshy, forming a pad under
membrane of lower jaw which projects forward somewhat. Teeth con-
ical, small and movable, in many bands in upper jaw, in lower jaw the
t(!eth are larger and in fewer bands; teetli on vomer and palatines. Eyes
very small but prominent, set on top of head; interorbital very wide, 3^
times widerthantlie eye; bones on top ofhead coarsely granular; Y-shaped
ridgo on top of head conspicuous, on eacli side of which is a broad naked
area; naked space between forks of Y on top of head long and narrow,
but shorter than vertical limb of the Y which is very long; edges of nos-
tiils fringed, anterior nostril round, 8ei)arate(l from the eye by a high gran-
ular ridge; posterior nostril ending in a long curved furrow, which runs
(>l)li(iuely across the naked area behind eye, its posterior end not curved
forward, its length 2.} times the diamet<'r of tlie eye; 2 or 3 small blunt
spines in front of the eye; surface of the bones of opercle, preopercle,
and humeral process coarsely granular; gill rakers not developed; pseudo-
branchia' small. Mead entirely scalele.ss; belly naked below a line drawn
from fifth aim I ray to upper eiul of pectoral base; lins without scales;
scales very small and soniewhat embedded. Width of pectoral at base
IcKS than | length of the beiid, the upper rays longest, tlie lower rays
very short, graduated from the lower side to the upper; fm somewhat
pointed behind and curved up, its tip reaching to the vertical from base
of sixth dorsal ray ; the rays of ventrals very thick and swollen, the inner

* The following are the characters of VrnnoscopuH : Head with spines; iMunernl
spine well develoi>ed; 1 strong spine on snlioi»ercle, 4 smaller ones on jireopercle, all
<lirectetl downward; 1 snuill Hjtine dircotly abovr^ and in front of liumenil s|>ine; 4 low,
Hlout protuberances on to)> of head pointing hiickwanl; naked s|mc(' ' ..(ween ey»'H
•■xlending back to po.stcrior i)iirt of orbits; upper lii> and iKistrils not frin- I : retractile
tintiU'le in mouth more or less developed. First dorsal with about 4 pungent spines;
scales well dovoloped.

If:

! ;r

PWP

2308 Bullctm ^7, United States National Museum,

rays the longest, reaching midway from their base to end of pectorals;
origin of fin a distance of the width of pectoral in front of the lower
edge of pectoral base ; soft dorsal much liighcr than anal ; posterior rays
reaching slightly past the vertical from base of the last anal ray; end of
the last anal ray about reaching to base of caudal rays; caudal truncate
or slightly rounded; a ridge of skin along middle of belly from the ven-
trals to vent. Dark brown above, paler below ; upper parts densely cov-
ered with small rounded wliite spots, each surrounded by a black ring;
lower Jaw andlabialfringes similarly spotted; spinous dorsal black, white
posteriorly; soft dorsal brown anteriorly with a horizontal white and
black band, then tipped with white; jtosteriorly with 2 vertical black
stripes and a white one between them; caudal black, tipped with white,
with 2 to 4 white longitudinal stripes, its upper and lower edges narrowly
white; the anal white at base aud tip, with a black median band, \
depth of fin, darkest posteriorly; pectorals brown, with a black band
below, the lower edge Avhito, the upper ray spotted; ventrals white with
a black lengthwise streak. Old examples lose the black ring around the
spots, and the edges of the spots are blended into the dark brown of the
back; a dark stripe running from the upper angle of gill opening to
caudal. South Atlantic coast from Cape Ilatteras to the Caribbean Sea,
in sandy bays, rather common in shallow water, varying much with age.
Here described from a specimen, 15 inches in length, from Charleston,
South Carolina. It is recorded from Charleston, IJeanfort, Matanzas
River, St. Johns River, Pensacola, Key West, and "the Caribbean Sea."
According to Dr. .lames A. Henshall, the naked area on top of the head
in ^J8//'os<'07)MJ< is the seat of electric power. Tins interesting statement
needs verilication. (Named from the armature of the head, in the form of
the Greek T.)

rranoacoptiii ygrcecum, Cm-iER ifc Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Toias., ni, 308, 1829, origin

unkuowu; GOnthek, Cut., li, 229, 1860.
Vranoscopus nnoplon,* Cuvier \ Tai.ksciennes, Tlist. Nat. I'oiss., vni, 493, 1831 (young

examples), Charleston, South Carolina.
Tfpnlonphorutytirmcum, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1801, 113; Kihscr, i.e., 263, 1889.
Agtroseopun ygrceeum, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mna. 1879, 58; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsin,

628, 1883.
Agniin anoplKS, GCnther, Cat., ii, 220, 1860.
Agtioscopiis aiioplu*, Jordan \-. (iILBert, Synopsis, 029, 1883,
Atlroscopnn anoplot, KiRSCH, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1880, 262.

* The genns A utroseopus was based on smitll sjiecinieiis which, in our present opinion
aro simply iniinaturo examples of the species ii-grceeum. Tlio supjioseil uenus is thus
(It'scrihod in distinction from I'ptiUmphoni/i. whidi seenm tons tlieadultot'tne same type;
Head covered above with l)one except a small region between and in front of the eyes' the
bony occipital ]iIato coalescing with tile orbital rims; no suines on head; hunieraf spines
obsolete; occipital region withbhintisli projections; naked space between eyes exteniling
back to near middle of orbits; lips and nostrils fringed; no retractile tentacle in month.

The following (diaracters are assigned by Dr. Kirsch to A»lro»e<n>ii.<i anoploK: Head 2J;
depth 3i. D. IV-I, 13; A. 13. Pectorals rather large, tiieir longest ray equaling in iangth
ba.se of second dorsal and extending to front of that tin; ventrals ei|uating pectorals in
length, and extending to front of that tin: the second dorsal eqaaling anal but its ante-
rior insertion slightly ]iost«rior to that; anal rays reaching base of candal; vent much
nearer base of caudal' than to tin of snout. (Johir dark brown above, yellowish below;
lighter portions of body covered with sniidl white specks; chin ,jet-bl'«ck: nil the fins
whitish. Length 2 iiu'liea. (Specimen from Key West). Small individuals are found
along the coast from Cane Ilntteras to Florida "wherever A. yijmcum is fonnd. The
adult dltfers mainly in tne armature of the top of tbo Load, u charauteristiu which is
developed at did'crent ages in ditl'urout individuals.

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2309

8046. ASTKOSCOI'US ZKIMIYUKI S, Gilbert & Starks.

Head, without lower jaAv, 2j; depth 3;^. I). V, 13; A. 14; scalfs 84; oye
12 in he.iil; maxillary 2^; poctoriil li; second dorsal spine 7; highest dor-
sal ray2J; highest nnal r!iy3,\; caudal If. Body robust, widest at occi-
put, slightly compressed posteriorly; autoriorly tubcylindrical. Mead
very larg<' and liroad, wider than the body ; mouth large, vertical, a fringe
of barbels curving over mouth on each jaw: length a. little greati-r than
the <liameter of the eye; tongue very large and tleshy, forming a pad
under the membrane of lower jaw, which projects forward somewhat;
teeth conical, small and movable, in many bands in upper jaw; in lower
jaw the teeth arci larger and in 2 or 3 rows; vomer and palatines with
teeth; eyes very small but prominent, set on top of head; interorbital
very wide, 4 times as wi«lc as the eye; lioues ou top of head coarsely
granular; Y-shaped ridge on top of head conspicuous, ou each side of
which is a. broad naked area, the form of these and other bones of the
head exactly as in A, y-grwcum; edges of nostrils closely fringed, anterior
nostril round, the ridge Jtetween it and eye not very high or conspicuous;
]H)8terior nostril ending in a l')ng curved furrow which runs obliquely
across the naked area behind eyes; at its posterior end it turns sharply
forward, its length 25 times the diameter of the eye; 2 very short blunt
spines in front of the eye; surface of the <»percle, preopercle, and humeral
])roces8 granular, not so rough as in Astroscopus y-drwcnm; gill rakers not
developed; pseudobranchia* very small. Head entirely scaleless; belly
naked below a line drawn from first anal ray to the middle of the pectoral
base; tins without scales; scales small and nearly square, grown together
side by side, formiifg series of oblique plates. Width of pectoral at base
slightly less than A length of head, the lower rays very short and gradu-
ated to the long upper rays, the tin pointed and slightly turned up,
its tip reaching to the vertical from base of the third dorsal ray; the ven-
tral rays thick and swollen, tL.e inner rays the longest, its tip reaching
about midway between its base and tips of pectorals; origin of fin in
front <»f pectorals a distance ecpial to the width of pectoral base; soft dor-
sal somewhat higher than anal, its posterior rays reaching to the vertical
I'loni base of last anal ray; tip of last anal ray nearly reaching to the
base of caudal rays; caudal truncate or slightly rounded; a fold of skin
along mi«ldle line of belly from ventrals to vent, (^olor dark brown
above, paler below; u])per parts with many round white si)ots of various
sizes, edged with rings of dark brown; spinous dorsal black, light pos-
icriorly; soft dorsal light at base, the ends of the rays with black and
white stripes; pectoral and anal dusky with light edge; caudal with
longitudinal black and white stripes. Pacific coast of Mexico. One speci-
men, numbered 333, in the Leland Stanford .Funior University Museum,
cdllected by the Albatross at Magdalena Bay, Lower California. It is 12
inches in length. A distinct electric shock was given by this tish when
alive, the electric organs being in the tieahy areas on top of head behind

! I

I 1

-J;

II

2310 Bulletin //, United States National Afuscnm.

eyes. (Gilbert.) A si^cond large specimen was sent from Mazatlan by
Dr. Georjio W. Rogers, having been taken by Ygnacio Moreno iu January,
1896. {^E^Svpiui, western; Z,£*hviJoi, the west wind.)

A»troseojms zephi/reun, ( i ilbkkt &. Starks, Proc. V. S. Nat. Muh. 1896, 453, \t\. 53, fig. 2, .and
pi. 54, Magdalena Bay, Lower California (Type No. 47743. Coll. Albatrosn).

1,- :!

2046. ASTKOSCOIM'S lil'TTATrs (Abbott).

Depth 4 in length in young and 'Si iu adult. D. IV or V-13 or 14; A. 13;
^^ I, 5. Eye o^ in interorbital space. Naked space between forks of Y on
top of head short and 1)road, but longer than the vertical limb of the Y,
which is very short ;' 2 distinct spinules directed forward before eye ; white
spots on body very small and irregular Avithout dark rings ; base of dorsals
ecjualing in length the distance from front of first dorsal to tip of snout;
base of first dorsal twice length of its longest spine; first spine equaling
second in length, and 3 times length of last; length of middle candal rays
a little less than that of ventrals; pectorals sligktlj' longer than ventrals,
3^ in total length, and extending to fifth anal ray. Color of npper parts
of body and lower Jaw bright chocolate; belly and throat white; darker
portions covered with numerous circular spots much lighter than ground
color ; membrane of first dorsal black ; second dorsal white with 3 irregular
bauds of dull black obliciucly across it; the caudal v/ith 3 parallel bands
of blackish brown, the middle of which appears to be the continuation of
a variable longitudinal band on the center of each side ; the anal having a
variable band of dull brown, darker upon the posterior termination.
Length 12 inches. Atlantic coast of the United .States, from Long Island
to Virginia ; apparently scarce. Recorded from Cape May ; Tompkinsville,
New York; Norfolk, Virginia ; Simiers Point, New Jersey, etc. ; not known
south of Cape Hatteras. In Aniroseopus (fiittatiis the pale spots are much
smaller, less sharply defined, and occupy a smaller area than in J . y-gracmn;
the lower i)art of the head has 2 black blotches iu <'ach species; the second
dorsal, anal, and ventrals arc nearly or iiuite plain. The naked area behind
each eye is (in A. giiitatiis) lunate, its length barely twice that of the
snout; the bony Y-shaped plate is short and broad, concave on the median
line, and forked for about it its length, the posterior undivided portion
broader than long ; the bony bridge across the occiput but little shorter
than the part of the head which precedes it. In ./. y-grncitm the naked
area is trapezoidal, longer than broad, and .about 4 times the length of the
snout; the Y is forked for more than i its length, its undivided part more
than twice as long as broad, and not concave; the occipital plate is not
i as long as the part of the head which precedes it. (guttatm, spotted, as
with rain drops.)

AMroicopuD ijuttatvH, AnitOTT, I'roo. Ac. Nat. Sei. IMiila. 1800, 3«r), Cape May, New Jersey.
Cpsiluiiphoivii utiUatus, Uea.n, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1879, 60; Kaiscn, I. c, 264, 1889.

,; 35Kf;tiaa.'!Mi:^v'

T^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2311

857. KATHETOSTOMA, (iiintU.r.

Kathetontoma, OrNTlIEU, Cat. Fisli., ir, 2;tl, 1860 (hrre).

Body robust, formed iis in Aslroscopus aud UranoHcopiia. S<'ales none.
One contiuuous dorsal without spines; ventriilH,ju<rular uot aduate to th»i
abdomen; pectoral rays branched ; some bones of the head armed. Cav-
ity of the gills without superior opening; 6 branchiostegals ; pseudo-
l>rauchia' present. Air bladder none. Three species known, the type, Kathc-
loatoma la-ve, being from Australia. (Ka'Ocro?, vertical; drojux, mouth.)

a. Dorsal rays 13 ; anal 13 ; body shaded and dotted with blackish. AVEbuunci.'S, 2647.
aa. Dorsal rays 10; anal 12; body spotted with white. albioutia, 2648.

i ii:

2647. K.ITHKTOSTOMA AVKKRUNCIS, Jordan \ liolliuan.

Head 2]}, 8A^ with caudal ; di^pth 3|. D. 13 ; A. 13. Body short and robu.st,
its width behind base of poctorals ecjual to length of top of head. Head very
large, its width at peropercle less than its length by h length of eye. Mouth
large, vertical; maxillary 2 in head. .Snout 1* in <'ye. Eye rather small,
5 in head. Teeth of low«!r javr largest, inner row of each jaw eiilarge«l
and movable ; vomer and palatines Avith a few large, conical teeth. Lower
Jaw without tentacle. Interorbital space lightly concave, li times length
of eye. Premaxillary groove as broad as long, li in eye, obtuse behind,
extending backward just past middle of pupil. Distance between bases
(if humeral spines 1:^ in top of head. Preorbital with 3 spines in front
(liiected forward and downward. Preoperde with 3 spines below angle
directed downward and forward. Two antrorse spines on mandible, and
2 oji breast before ventrals. Bones of top of head coarse) v granular,
striate, no naked area above except premaxillary groove; 2 points on
(Mcipital region whence granular ridges radiate ; oiierch's and orbital bones
coarsely granular, but not striate. Notrac«! of scales or of spinous dorsal.
ISase of d(»rsal equal to base of anal, l;i in head, longest ray equal to depth
(if cheek; pectorals ^ eye, length greater than that of top of head;
ventrals leachlng more than halfway to v«'nt, th»'ir length e(iual t(» that
of top of head. A few small depressions resembling «>mbedded scales on
region before dorsal atid 'bove liead. Color blackish brown, mottled with
paler; lower parts ^ .ti«3, dusted with brown; lips and gular region black;
dorsal dusty, with 5 indistinct, partly confluent, whitish spots along its
lta.se; anterior part of anal pale, posterior thickly dusted with blackish,
tips of rays pale; pectorals blackish, faintly barred; axil dusted outside,
inner part very pale; ventrals pale; caudal with 3 irregular oblique
(lark bars; flo'or of mouth pinkish; tongius dusted with dark specks.
Length 4| inches. Paciiic Oc«'an, off coast of Colombia; a single s]>eci-
uien dredged at a dei>th of 7 fathoms; a. most singular fish. {acerruncu8,
a deity which wards off; from the mailed head.)

Kathttostoma arerruncus, Jorda.n &. Uollman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1889, 103, off coast of
Colombia, at Albatross Station 2800, 8° 57' N., 79° 31' 30" W. ; KlHSCH, I. c, 259, 1889;
JoBDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, 229, pi. 31.

^ i^ 4

t

■ f ■

' •■

\ .

,

1

'

■- I

2312 Bidlctm //, United States National Miisenm.

2648. KATHETOSTOiHA ALBKU TTA, IJeiin.

■t; v. ■ k

'"Head 3; greatest width 3; depth 3A. D. 10; A. 12; interoi-hital spare
4 in head, coutaiuiug a deep groove, the length of which is slightly
greater than its width and nearly eqnaliug length of eye. Mouth nearly
vertical when closed ; intermaxillary slightly protractile, the length of
its tooth-bearing surface f length of head; maxillary Aery broadly
expanded behind, its greatest width about 3 in length, extending almost
to vertical from middle of eye; end of mandible not mu«h farther back;
length of mandible 4^ in length; mandible having 2 blunt prominences
at its posterior end; the exposed portion of the maxillary traversed by
radiating striie. The lower limb of preoperculum with 3 stout spines
along its lower border; length of humeral spine 3 in head; humerus verj'
strongly rugose on its upper border ; 3 short si)ine8 on the anterior edge
of preorbital. Teeth in villiform bands in the intermaxillary and mandi-
dible, and on vomer; palatines in a very short band; a cavity between
head of vc uer and the processes of tlie intermaxillary ending in a semi-
circular canal behind, which is separiiicd j/om the anterior cavity by
a flap of skin. Gill openings very wide and only narrowly attached to
the isthmus, leaving a free posterior border. Pseudobranchia^ present,
small; a small, narrow slit behind the last gill, its length about j that
of eye; gill rakers tubercular, none on anterior arch. A pair of short
but stout spines in front of ventrals. The origin of dorsal a little nearer
to root of caudal than to tip of snout, midway between base of caudal
and middle of eye ; length of dorsal base about 3 in length, the third
ray the longest, its length nearly ^ length of base of tin, the last ray
about as long as eye, and the first scarcely longer than this. The anal
origin directly under that of dorsal, th<' base of liii slightly longer than
that of dorsal; the seventh, eighth, and ninth anal rays about the lon-
gest, their length equaling about ^ that of middle caudal rays; the first
ray not much more than \ as l^a?'^ as the longest and the rays gradu-
ally increasing in size to the Tiuth; length of pectoral 3i in body;
length of lowermost ray less .uan \ length of head; only the first ray
simple, the rest divided. Ventral origin under eye; the longest ray of
ventral slightly shorter than mandible. Caudal slightly rounded when
expanded, the middle rays as long as head without snout. The lateral
line beginning near the root of humeral spine, curving upward slightly
and running along back to end of dorsal, then curving downward to near
the middle of the caudal base; skin naked. Color, upper parts light
brown, the upper surface of t'.o head minutely dotted with white; the
l>ack with numerous roundish spots and oblong blotches of whitish ; lower
parts pale; the dorsal with 2 or three dark blotches near the margin,
in some cases not much larger than eye, in others fully twice as long;
caudal with 9 black blotches, those on outer rays largest, differing in
size in different specimens, these blotches distributed over the greater
portion of the fin; anal pale, with the exception of a brownish blotch
on the membrane of the last 3 rays; pectoral with a brownish submar-
ginal band on its outer half, this band sometimes broken up ou the mem

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2313

brane; ventrals pale. Leugth about 6^ Inches. Gulf of Mexico, in 27 to
88 fathoms; 1 specimeu known, (albua, white; guiUi, spot.)

Cathetostoma albigutta, 13ean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1892, 121, Gulf of Mexico, at Alba-
tross Station 2403, Lat. a8° 4a' 30" N., Lon. 85° ag' 00" W. (Type, Xo. 39304, U. S.
Nat. Mils.)

Suborder HAPLODOCI.

This group is distinguished mainly by the undivided post-temporal, the
leductiou in the number of gill arches to 3, and by the absence of pecu-
liarities shown by related forms. One family. (a;f/\do?, simple; Sokoz, a
shaft or beam, from the form of the post-temporal.)

Family CXCVIII. BATRACHOIUID^.
(TlIK TOAU-KI8HKS.)

IJody more or less robust, depressed anteriorly, compressed behind ; head

large, depressed, its muciferous chann«.>ls well developed; mouth very

large, the teeth generally strong; premaxillaries protractile; gills .3, a

slit behind the last; pseudobranchiie none; gill openings restricted to the

sides, the membranes broadly united to the isthmus; branchiostegals

mostly 6; gill rakers present, moderate; suborbital without bony stay;

post- temporal bone simple, undivided; scales small, cycloid, or wanting;

dorsal fins 2, the first of 2 or 3 low, stout spines; soft dorsal very long;

anal fin similar, but shorter; ventrals rather large, jugular, I, 2 or I, 3;

l)ectoral8 very broad, the rays branched; pyloric Ciuca none; tail diphy-

cercal, the caudal fin distinct, rounded ; vertebra^ in large number, 32 to 45.

Carnivorous coast fishes, mostly of the warm seas, some of them aacend-

iug rivers ; the young of some or all the species fasten themselves to rocks

by means of an adhesive ventral disk, which soon disappears. In some

Hj»ecies the spines of the head and dorsal fin are provided with poison

irlauds. Genera 7; species about 15. {liatrachida', Giinther, Cat., iii,

lOd-lT''.)

((. Dorsal spines 3; oporclo developed as 2 strong divo»giug spines; subopercle rather

strong, with 2 spines similar to tliose of opercle; no venom glands.

b. Body scaly; branches of subopercular spine sube<iiial and diverging; frontal

* region broad, tiat, and slightly depressed, its median ridge rather pionii-

nent. 1!atrach(jiuks, 858.

hb. J?ody scaluless; branches of subopercnlar spine parallel, the lower branch

much the short«r; vertebno 10 + 22; frontal region not depressed, its

median ridge prominent; axil with a large foramen. Opsanus, 859.

(la. Dursal spines 2; opercle very small, its posterior part developed as a single strong

spine ; aubopercle feebly developed, narrowed, and not ending in a spine ; body

Hcaleless.

c. Spines solid, wilboitt venom glands; several lateral lines on sides of head and

body, composed of pores and shining spots, some of these accompanied by

cirri; canine teeth present; vertebriu 12 + 31; frontal region depressed,

forming a triangular area below level of temporal region, its median ridge

very low. Porichthys, 860.

M. Spines of dorsal fin and opercnlum hollow and connected with venom glands;

lateral line on sides of body single ; no canine teeth.

if. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Tiialassophbvnk, 861.

dd. Dorsal and anal fully joined to caudal. Doctor, 862.

3030 68

vUinr

1, •

' J,i'

2314 Bullet in ^7, United States National Museum.

858. BATRACHOIDES, Liuciptde.

Hatrachoiilet, Lac^i-kde, Hist. Nnt. Poisa., in, 306, 1798 ("<oh," Lac6i)i;de*=: »jmnamenm/t).
liatiachun (Klkin), Bloch & Schneider Syst. Iclith., 42, 1801 {"tan," didactylun, »tiri-

namenttH, etc.; HubHtittito for Jiatraclioides).
BatrieliuB, liAFiNESQUE, Anal. Nat. 1815, 82 (substitute for liatraehoideh) .

J.<otly robust, formed as in Opaanus. Dorsal spiues 3 ; opercle developed
as 2 stronjj; diverging spiuos; snboperole strongly developed ; branches of
subopercular sx)ine subecjual and diverging; body covered with small
(ctenoid scales; frontal region broad, ilat, and slightly depressed, its
median ridge rather prominent. Mucous pores of wides not greatly devel-
oped. No poison glands. Shore fishes of warm regions, (/iar/ja^og,
frog; EiSui, resemblance.)

a. Teeth small, about 14 on the vomer; anterior teeth of lower jaw in a band; lateral
teeth of palatine enlarged and canine-like; irregularly arranged.

SUKINAMENSIS, 2649.

aa. Teeth larger, about 8 on vomer; anterior teeth of lower jaw in 2 rows; 3 teeth on
middle of palatines enlarged and canine-like, the middle one the smallest.

PACiFici, 2650.

;''V ■

lit

2649. BATRACIIOIIIKS SUUIXABIRNSIS (Bloch & Schneider).

(Sapo.)

Head 3i in length of body; depth 6. D. III-29; A. 26. Teeth small,
about 14 on A'omer; anterior teeth on lower jaAv in a band; lateral teeth
on palatines enlarged and canine-like, irregularly arranged; pectoral
without pores on its inner surface. Color grayish, darker on sides and
head ; base of soft dorsal pale, with a dark, irregular line above ; upper
part of fin lighter ; caudal nearly black ; anal fin light with some dark
markings. Coasts of Guiana and Brazil ; not rare on sandy shores ; our
siiocimen from Curasao.

Batrachoidex tau, LACEPf;DE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 300, pi. 12, flg. 1, 1798; not Oadut tan,

LiNN.KUS.

Batrachiu surinamenti*, Bloch Sc Schneider, Syst. Icbth., 43, 1801, Surinam; from u
specimen in the Museum of V.aillant in Paris; GUnther, Cat., Ui, 173, 1861; Meek it
Hall, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 61 .

2tto0. BATRACIIOIDKS PACIFI(;i (Giiuther).

Head 3 in length ; depth about 6. D. III-26 ; A. 22, Teeth rather large,
about 8 on vomer; anterior teeth on lower jaw in 2 rows; lateral teetli
on lower jaw gradually increasing to middle of jaw, behind which they
become abruptly smaller and then gradually increase to end of jaw; 15
teeth on middle of palatines enlarged and canine-like, the middle one tin-
smallest ; pectoral with a row of pores on inner surface. Color olivaceous
brown ; some indistinct dark cross bands on body ; dorsal with about 7
very irregular oblique dark bars, anal with about 5; pectorals and caudal

* "II est revfitu d'^cailles molles, petites, minces, rondes, brunes, bord^es de blanc, et
arroBrf'-es par une mucosit^i trtis abondante, comme celles de la lote et de la muatelle."
(Lac6ptide.) Lac6p^de'a specimen was therefore one of the scaly s))ecies, not an Opuanui.
No species of the latter group seems to have been known to Lac^p^de or to Schneider.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2315

(lark, with few light cross bandn. Panama; locally common, cIoho to tho
preceding but with smaller tocth and I't^wer iiii rays. The specimen exam-
ined by us collected hj Dr. Gilbert.

Iliitraehuiipaeiftci, GCnther, Cat., ni, 173, 1801, Panama; OUntiier, Fiuhoa Coiit.r. Atner.,

435, 1809.
Ilatraehoiclet paeifici, (Jiix, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1803, 170; Meek «Si. JIall, Proc. Ao.

Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1885, «2.

859. OPSANUS/ Riifhiesque.
(TOAD-KI.SIIE.S.)

Opsami*, Racinesijue, Amor. Monthly Mag. 1817,203 {eerapaluH) .

Hatiaelmt, Jordan & Gimiert, Synopsis, 751, 1883, and of autliora; not of Bloch &,

S( UNEIDEK.

Hody comparatively sliort and robust, scalch'ss; head large, depressed;
jMWS, vomer, and pahitines each with a single series of strong blunt teeth;
iimudible with an additional external series at symphysiH; teeth of upper
j.i w small; dentary liones forming an acute angl«^ at Hymphysis ; lips lleshy ;
upper angle of opercle with 2 diverging spines, more or less coucsealed iu
♦'10 skin; no poison glands; spinous dorsal of 3 stout, short spines, the
nocond the longest; axil of pe<!toral with a larg«i foramen ;t lateral lino
obscure, its pores not conspicuous; young with a s«!ri<!s of small, tufted
ci rri on back and sides ; branchiostegals 6 ; vertebra} 12 + 22. Shore fishes,
mostly of temperate regions; voracious creatures, living on the bottoms,
tiM'diug on mollusks and orustacea, and having great strength of jaw.
(mi^, eye; dvoo, upward; "the name means looking up." Ralinesque.)

a. Noatrils with fleshy tentacle between them. Color brownish or dusky greenish, mot-
tled with darker and lighter, the dark on sides of l>ody iu lar^e irregular blotches
extending from base of dorsal to about J distance to base of anal, and more or
less covered with snuiU pale s]>ot8 ; bully and chin plain white or yellowish.

TAU, 2051.
aa. Nostrils without fleshy tentacle. Color whitish or gray, everywhere blotched or
spotted with brownish yellow and black, the black spots ou top of head smaller
and more numerous than on rest of body ; a large black blotch at base of spinous
dorsal, running up on fln; 3 black blotches along base of soft dorsal, which do
not extend | the distance to base of anal ; pectoral witli black spots which do not
form cross bands ; ventrals with uiore dark mai'kings than in tau ; dorsal, anal,
and caudal marked nearly as iu lau. pakdus, 2052.

2051. OPSAMIS TAU (Liuuieus).

(TOADFISH; SAPO ; SLIMER ; OYSTERFISH.)

Head 2|; depth 4^. D. III-26 to 28; A. 24. Body robust, naked, the
head broad; mouth large, the very strong jaws closing with great force;
tetith blunt, those ou mandible small anteriorly, regularly increasing in

Tlie name Batrachu* should not be used for this genus, as it was originally given
nuiii'ly as a substitute for Batrachoidet, having properly the same type, mrindmenrit,
wrongly supposed to be tau of Liunffius, a species unknown to Lac^pede and IJloch &
Scliiieiuer. No congener of tau was placed in Batraehut by Bloch & Schneider. Prior to
any use of Batrachus as the generic name of the naked toadflslies, allied to tau, Rafl-
iios(|ue liad given lo one of the latter the generic name Optanui, which can not be set aside
f<ir liatrachui, the latter being an unnecessary synonym of Bat rachoides.

t The Brazilian genus, Marcgravia (cryptuce'ntra), iu which this foramen is wanting, has
not been recorded from north of the equator.

II

1 i ; I

■i; it-

« U

2316 Bullet in ^7, United States National Museum.

{-

\X

I

si/c Imckward, those on vomer protnineiit; a hroad flap abovo orbit; tip
of maxillary and lower side of mandible with eonspiciious cirri; a series
of smaller cirri along mari^iu of pruoperclo; snboperclo ending in a long,
sharp spine; orbit about o(|ualing intororbital width or length of snout;
peetornl with u larg«i foramen in the axil. Dusky olive, with black mark-
ings eoutlucut on the sides and forming irregular, indistinct bars; belly
and under side of head lighter; sides often with many pale yellow or
whitish spots; soft dorsal with 6 to 9 oblique light bauds; anal with 5 to
9; caudal and pectoral fins with 5 to 7 light cross bands, these formeil
chiefly from light spots ; ventrals with some dark markings. In specimens
from shallow water or alga-, the brown becomes nearly black and more
extended, the belly and chin spotted with darker, and top of the head has
no distinct markings. The deeper-water specimens are lighter in color-
ation than those from near the surface, and those from the coral reelH
(var. hcta, Joode & Hoau) are paler than those from the green algic and sea
Avrack ; otherwise no difl'erences seem to exist. In young individuals the
bead is more narrow and rounded, and the lower branch of the subopercu-
lar spine proportionally larger than in the adult. Cap«' Cod to Cuba ; very
abundant among rockft and weeds close to the shore northward, in deeper
water southward; the young clinging to rocks by a ventral sucking disk,
which is soon lost. Length 15 inches. Not valued as food. (<aw, T, the
bones on the head when dried showing a T-shaped figure.)

Qadug tau, Linnaeus, Syat. Nat., Ed. xn, 440, 1766, Carolina. (Coll. Dr. Garden.)

Cottm glaber, ScHciPK, Schrift. Naturf. Freuude, vni, 1788, 146, Long Island; D.25; V. 3;

A. 21; sliort cirri bolow month.
Cottus ehcetodon, Block &, S(;nNErDER, Syat. lohth., 62, 1801, New York ; after Schopf.-
Lophius bu/o, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. 1815, 463, New York.
Opsanvs cerapalun, Rafinesque, Aiuer. Monthly Mag., Jan., 1817, 204, south coast of

Long Island. (Coll. C. S. Kaflnesque.)
Halrachoidet veniullas, Le Sueur, M6m. Mus., v, 1819, 157, pi. 17, coast of Rhode Island.
Batraehoidcs variegattts, Le Sueub, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1823, 390 and 401, Egg

Harbor, New Jersey.
Patrachtti celatus, De Kay, Now York Fauna : Fishes, 170, pi. 50, f. 161, 1842, New York.
Jiatrachug tau beta, Goode &. Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 236, Gulf of Mexico.
Cottus glaber, Walbai M, Artedi Pisctim, in, 392, 1792 ; after .Schopf.
Batraehut tau, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 478, 1837; 1)e Kay, N. Y.

Fauna : Fishes, 168, pi. 28, fig. 26, 1842 ; GILntiieu, Cat., in, 167, 1861 ; Jouuan & Gilueki ,

Synopsis, 751, 1883; Meek & Hall, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 59.
liatrachug variegatuM, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Ppiss., xii, 484, 1837.

2«52. OPSANU.S PAROUS (Goode Sc Bean).

(Sapo.)

Head to end of open^ular spine 3 ; depth 4. D. 111-20 ; A. 22 ; maxillary 1:!
in head; pectoral 2^ ; ventral 2; highest dorsal ray 2}j ; highest anal ray 3i ;
caudal 2. Body short and robust, compressed po.steriorly ; head lar<ie.
somewhat dei)re8sed, wider than the body; eyes placed high, not so wide
as the slightly concave interorbital space; mouth large, the maxillary
reaching far beyond tlu' eye, the lower jaw slightly projecting; a double
row of small blunt teeth in upper jaw, not running very far back at tlic
sides; lower jaw with a single row of much larger pebble-like teeth run-
ning well back and biting against a single row of similar teeth on jiala-

Mil'

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America, 2317

tinea; a few teeth in front of Jaw which bite against the prttniaxillary
t«etli; vomorwith I or 2 irref^ular rows of large blnnt teeth; head with
many tlt^shy tentacles, 1 over each <!yo, a row around lower .jaw, 1 on end
of maxillary, and a row around preopcrde; operde ending in 2 diverging
spines, the lower shorter; subopercle ending in a spine, its W\* e(|ual with
the lower opercular spine, these spines not piercing the akin; gill rakers
very short, scarcely developed. Body and fins covered with a soft smooth
Hkin, which is exceedingly loose nearly to the ends of fin rays, and entirely
covering the dorsal spines. Dorsal spines very short but stout ; soft dorsal
longer and higher than anal, but in other ways similar, reaching past base
of caudal rays; pectoral short, as wide as long, round and fan-shapetl
behind, reaching to vertical from base of fourth dorsal ray; origin of
ventral far in front of pectorals, the fins reaching to the vertical from the
posterior edge of spinous dorsal ; caudal well rounded, fan-shaped when
spread. Color very pale yellowish brown, thickly covered with round
spots of dark brown, those on head smaller; belly with numerous spots,
the largest as large as eye ; back with many oblong blotches, besides small
round spots; fins blotched and banded. Gulf of Mexico, in deep water.
This form has a very different coloration from O. iau and the texture of its
skin and flesh is also less firm, but the technical ditforences are alight and
it is rather a deep-water variety than a species, (pardus, leopard.)

liatrachvg tau pardug, Goode & Bean, Pror. F. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 336, Pensacola Snapper
Banks; Johdan &. GiLiiERT, Synopsis, 751, 1883; Mkbk &•. Hall, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Pliila. 1885, 60.

86o. PORICHTHYS, (iirard.

(MlD.'^HIPMEN.)
Ponchlhj//t, GiRAni), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1854, Ul (nntatus).

i{ody rather elongate; head not very broad, depressed, the lower jaw
])rojecting. Dorsal spines 2; pectoral broad, without foramen in axil;
operclo very small, its posterior part developed as a strong, single spine;
siiboperculum feebly developed, narrowed and not ending in a spine; no
scales on body; spines solid, without venom glands; several lateral lines
oil sides of head and body, composed of pores and shining spots, some of
these accompanied by cirri; csinine teeth present; vertebrae 12-J-31;
frontal region depressed, forming a triangular area below level of tem-
poral region, its median ridge very low. Branchiostegals 6; interorbital
.irea short, wide, and Avitli shallow grooves. Air bladder more or less
lU'oply divided into 2 lateral parts. Pyloric appendages none. Species
American ; remarkable for the A'ery great development of mucous pores,
some of which simulate the photojdiores ot Myctophum, but are different in
origin and not at all luminous, (itofju?, pore; ix^^ii fish; in allusion to
the extraordinary development of the mucous system.)

Note. — Tbo following account of tho distribntion, structure, aud development of the
liliiisplioroacent organs of Vorichthys is furnished us by Prof. Charles 'Wilson Greene, who
liiis made a careful study of these organs :

■' Porichthys has numerous lines of conspicuous briirlit silvery spots distriluited in rows
liver the surface of the body. Tlicso spots have been called phospliorc8ct;nt organs,
although no such function has yet been observed, the name arising out of a superficial

mm

« i

2318 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

:4

resciiiblanco. These so-callecl phospborescent organs are arranged in rows over the body,
and are definite and characteristic and quite constant in locatiuu in different individ-
uals. Tliey are accompanied by rows of epidermal sense organs, the two having an inti-
mate rfclation in distribution over the surface of the fish. In surface -, iew the shining
organs hai'e a bright silvery appearance, are more or less round in outline, size from a
mere dot to 0.8 mm. in diameter, and surrounded or bordered on one side by an increased
amount of pigmtuit. The end buds present a round, transparent, or pellucid, and usually
slightly raise*!, point. Each end bad is bordered by a pair of papilla>. There are about 20
well-defined lines as follows: The lateral row, from posterior upper border of pectoral
straight alongside to n])per third of base of caudal, 35 pairs with an end bud between each
pair, upper series small or rudimentary, segmontally arranged and between myomeres.
The jjiewrai row, from middle of base of pectoral, curves backward and downward to a
point above first anal ray then straight nearly to base of caudal, 43 to 62 organs. Vav'i
buds below each organ to above middle of caudal, 31 organs. The caudal rows, end biu!-
only, 2 longitudinal rows on upper and lower thirds of fin. The anal row, on either side
base of anal fin from third iinal ray to base of caudal. Phosphorescent organs in pairs, a
pair for 'tach anal ray, I end bud for each pair. The gastric row, from front around lower
edge of pectoral and along side of belly to opposite anal papilla, 30 phosphorescent
organs. The g^dar row, from isthmus along ventral side of ventral fln then outward to
join gastric row, spur runs forward along external side of ventral fin, 27 organs. A par-
allel lino of 50 end buds follows the gular row and posterior end of gastric. The ventral
row with its fellow forms a parenthesis on the stomach from the side of the anus % the
distance to the ventral fin, 34 organs ; no end buds. The branchiostegal row, from the
isthmus outw rd over bianchiostegal meirbrane and between first and second rays, no
end buds. The mandibular row of phosphorescent organs extends around inner edge of
ridge formed by the dentary bones ; the row of end buds along the outer rim of the same
ridge. The opercular rows, upper and lower, extend backward and upward across opercle.
The teai-ular I'ow, from above opnrcular spine straight back above pectoral fln, the curves
iu toward the base of the dorsal fln opposite the third dorsal ray. The domal row, aloiiji
ba.-^e of dorsal fin to baseof caudal. ThisrowaTidthoscipularrowconsist of well developed
end bud.s and rudimentary phosphorescent organs. The occijntal ami frontal rows, along
the occii)ital and frontr.l regioiis, short rows of small and poorly deveiop<'d organs, Tim
nasal, from the posterior nasal tube to base of anterior tube. The nuhorbltal niu\ jwnl-
orbital, from i>()Storior nasal opening around unc.er eye bach Ti.rd and downward to oper-
fle. A malar row, from the suborbital down across the cheek. A mnxillary across the
])osterior end of maxillary bone, The rows on the head consist of well-developed end
buda with rudimentary and irregul.arly placed phosidiorescent organs. The ])hosph<)r-
escent organs are embedded iu the connective tis.4ue dermis ol the skin, and iu section
show a uniform general structure througliout the body. A typical organ from the anal o'-
ventral rows consists of an outer spherical group of cell", calh'd a lens, resting in a deeper
cup-like structure, the capsule, and this i'l turn in a <'up of tibrillar connective tissue
(• .'.led the reflector. The lans consists o!' ^cUs, polygonal in the cent-'r of the group and
flattened or 'aisiform around tlie periphorj-. They have a largo conspicuous nucleuii and
a dense, liomogencMiu.s, highly refracting cell body. The outlines of the cells are very
uistiiict. In the cells of the capsule the nuch'i stain readily, but the granular protoplasm
with difiieulty, and the cell boundaries ave indistinct and usually <d)literated. In houh'
specimens C'>nne<!tive tissue septa pen»?trate tlio capsule. I5i.>od capillaries are alwa\R
present. The reflector extends well up arou.ul the sides of the lens; it consists ol
fibrillar connective tissue which strongly rert(-cts light. Itucli pigment is ('mhedded in
its meshes. No nerves have yet been t.aced to tlio organ. The developing phosplior-
escent organs do ■!u>t appear in the embryo flsh until it is 15 to lOnim. long. Then abuil
appears iu tlie lower hiycr of t lie epidermis, which soon becomes constricted off as :i
spherical mass of she'.ls lying in the su^e])ideriual connective tissue. This mass latei-
slightly elongates and gives rise by constriction to the h'ns and the cajisule. The
reflector is developed from the surrounding connective tissue, so also the ]iignient cells.
Mature organs lire not "ound until tlie finli reaches a leiiy;tli of over 20 mm. The end buds
appear much earlier, 0 to '.0 mm." (Charles Wiison (jfetno.)

i'l

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2319

a. Abdomen with 4 longitudinal series of pores, eacli of which is accompanied by a

shining silvwy body ; 4 rows of shining spots on sides of body ; a white blotch

balow eye. with a black crescent below it.

6. Teeth on palatines few (♦ or 5), 1 to 3 of them developed as very strong canines,

as large as canines on vomer j dorsnl fin with distinct black blotches; back

with dark saddles; third lateral line extending nearly to base of caudal.

POKOSISSIMIS, 2653.

&6. Teeth on palatines iiiimeronH, none of tliem canine, and all much smaller than

canines on vomer.

c. Third lateral line ceasing at second third of anal ; crosH bands on back and

dorsal fin very faint or wanting; dorsal fin with a faint dark edge;

sides of head and shoulder without distinct spots; body rather

eiojigate. notatus, 2654.

ec. Third lateral line extending nearly to end of anal ; cross bands on back

and dorsal fin very distinct, a|)pearing as roundish blotches, those on

the dorsal fin along the margin ; sides of head and humeral region

much spotted with brown ; body robust. mauqaritatus, 2655.

2668. PORICHTHYK POROSISSIMLS (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

(lUORB SAPO.)

Head 3i (4i in total) ; depth 5^ (6). D. 11-37; A. 34. Body rather elon-
gate, tapering and compressed behind. Plead depressed, % as broad as
long and \ wider than deep; lower jaw considerably projecting, max-
illary reaching to Avell behind eye, its length If in head. Teeth in single
series on .jaws, vomer, and palatinjs, those of upper jaw v<^ry small, a few
(if the anterior and 2 or 3 of the lateral teeth somewhat enlarged, the lat-
ter strongly ho<»ked forward; teeth in lower jaw strong, rather weaker
than in P. margaritatua, those in the front of the jaw hooked strongly
inward; the lateral tc^eth, which are larger, hooked backward and
inward; 1 or 2 strong canines on each side of vomer, these curved back-
ward and outward; teeth on palatines distant, few in nuiul)er (usually 4
or 5) ; among these are 1 to 3 very strong canines (usually, but not always,
much larger than canines on vomer), strongly curved forward and inward.
In /'. margaritatua and /'. notatus, the palatine teeth are not especially
enlarged, subequal and more numerous, the canines on the vomer being
much larger than any of the other teeth. Gill openings extending from
the ui»per edge of pectoral to just below lower edge. Pectoral without
iixilliary f(U'amen; height of soft dorsal about 3 in head; length of
ciiudal nearly 2; height of anal 3J^; length of pectorals 1:^; of ven-
trals, 2^. Color in life, light brown above, th»^ top of head much darker
iind clouded with dark brown; a row of about 10 bar-like dark blotches
alcmg middle «tf side, each larger than eye, those anteriorly deeper th.an
long, the others longer than deep; each of these blotches usually more
or less confluent with a saddle-like dark blotch across the back; a
crescent-shaped pale translucent area below the eye; below this a larger
blue-black arer, irregularly cresc(>nt-shaped, covering the preorbital and
Huborbital region, l)ouuded below and behind by a row of shining nuicous
pores; on it ari^ about 4 large pores, and above and behind it, close
liehind and bel .v eye, is a large shining pore bordered with black;
cheek steel bluish; sides of body silvery, becoming golden below; lower

i

Mi

f. !■

i \[

2320 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

part of bead and belly brigbt golden; a dark stripe along base of dorsal;
soft dorsal with 2 or 3 rows of small round dark olive spots, the upper
row posteriorly becoming a dark (ulging to the fin; caudal, dull red,
edged with dusky; anal very pale, edged with blackish; ptsctorals light
orange, usually with some small dark spots above; ventrals orange,
slightly darker anteriorly. Numerous series of pores ou the body, those
of the lateral line accompanied i>y shining goldeu bodies, as in other
species of the gonus. According to fishermen, these bodies are phosphor-
escent, shining at night ; a statement which is probably true, although w(^
have been unable to verify it; ])orea on sides of back not shining. Most
of the pores, as in other species, accompanied by numerous small cirri
or cilia; the .arrangement of the lines of pores and shining bodies not
very difFcrcnt from that found in P. nofatiis. it may be thus described in
detail: A series of pores beginning at tip of snout, extending down
around preorbital region, bounding the dark subocular blotch and Joining
almost at a right angle with a series of pores which cxt<'nds downward
from lower posterior corner of eye to angle of mouth. Another series
diverges from the first in front of eye, passing close below eye, then
upward above cheek, ending in a large pore behind preopercle. A curved
series of pores extending backward along opcrcle, and another parallel
with it along subopercle. Two obscure series from front of eye along top
of head, becoming wide apart at the vertex, converging at the nape, then
slightly diverging, converging in front of spinous dorsal, then again
diverging to pass around the fin, each at last becoming straight at front
of soft dorsal, extending close to its base to its last ray, there being about
2 pores to each ray. .lust below this series, at front of soft dorsal on each
side, begins a second series, with the pores wider apart and somewhat
irregular, ceasing near the middle of the soft dorsal fin. The lateral line
proper next begins above upper posterior angle of preopercle, whence a
short branch passes directly upward. Opjiosite front of soft dorsal, tlie
lateral line is interrupted for a distance a little more than diameter of
eye. A short branch arises at this interruption and passes upward and
backward at an angle from the end of the anterior part; thence the
lateral line passes straight to base of caudal. The next series arises just
behind axil of pectoral, then curves abruptly d<»wuward and backward,
becoming straight opposite tliird ray of anal, thence proceeding to base
of caudal, the pores small and close-set, anteriorly bead-like and shining,
becoming dull toward tlie tail. Next comes a double series ou each side
of base of anal, the 2 series converging behind and finally coalescing.
Another series begins at the middle of the base of the pectoral in front,
curves downward, around the base of the fin, and, pro'^ec<ling directly
backward, ceases opposite vent. A series begins midway between gill
opening and \entral and, extending straight backward, ceases opposite
base of pectoral. Another begins, on each side, on lower side of head,
directly below angle of mouth, the two diverging slightly between ven-
trals, then converging a little behind ventrals, then abruptly diverging,
Joining the series last mentioned, on each side, Just in front of base of
l)ectoral. A cross series of pores extends straight across belly, between

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2321

vent and anal iin. At each en«l of this cross series a series of pores turns
ahruptly forward, the two meeting in an acnte angle on the lielly Just
in front of a vertical from base of pectorals. Finally, 3 parallel series
on each side of lower parts of head meet in front, the two anterior in
obtuse curves, the posterior in an acute angle. The anterior series along
the mandible ends at the corner of the mouth. The next just behind the
mandible ends just below the corner of the mouth. The next passes along
the branchiostegal region, ending at the gill opening. Mandible with 2
large foramina. A series of dark-colored pores along each side of tongue.
Length 8 inches. South Carolina to Texas, and southward to Argentina,
on sandy shores ; not very common, and found in rather deep water. Not
rare about Galveston, but unknown to lishcrmen at Pensacola. Here
described from the types of P. plectrodon, the North American form. The
types of P. porosissimua examined by us in Paris agree in dentition and
other respects. Except for the remote locality there is no suggestion of
differences. We are informed by Dr. Vaillant that the type specimen of
P. poroaiaaimu8 from St. Catherine, has 33 anal rays, that from Rio Jan-
eiro 32, and that the number 27, given by Valenciennes for this species,
represents an error in counting. According to Valenciennes, P. poroaisai-
mua has D. 11-36; A. 27; each palatine bone with a row of small, pointed,
unequal teeth; row of pores above anal reaching base of caudal. Color
grayish brown above, silvery white below ; dorsal and anal whitish, edged
with brown; pectoral with longitudinal lines; vontrals brownish on the
outt'redge; caudal Avhitish at base, the rest brownish; some specimens
with dark cross bands, {pordaaimua, most porous.)

liatrachu* porosininmvs, CuviEU A- "Vai.exciennks, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 501, 1837, Suri-
nam (Coll. Lescheuaiilt &. Dounicrc), Cayenne (Coll. Poiteau), Rio Janeiro (Coll.
Delalando), St. Catherine (Coll. LeRHon & Gurnot).

roriehthyi plectrodon, Joudan &. Gii.UKur, Prcc. U. S. ''
Texas (Typ<>, No. 30894. ('oil. D. S. Jordan) ; JoRi),'

rorich(hysporo»i.isimu»,CiiiSTiiER,Cat.,iu, 170, 1861; ..
1883, 201 ; Ber«, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1895, 70.

rorichfhyt poro.fiinmus, Jordan &, Gilbert, Synopsis, 751, 1883; Mkkk i. Hall, Proe.
Ac. Nat. Sci. PLila. 1885, 57.

Mu,s. 1882, 291, Galveston,

— , oynop.si.s, 958, 1883.

., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliiln.

2654. PORK IITIIYS XOTATUS, Girard.
(SiNoiNd FisH; Midshipman; Caukzo.n; Sapo.)

Head 3|; depth ;. D. II-.37; A. 33; V. I, 2; P. IS; eye S in head;
maxillary 2; pector;il Ij? ; A'entral 2,' ; caudal 2?. Head narrowed forward;
o))t'rcle developed a^ a strong spine; maxillary reaching beyond orbit;
lower jaw with a sing U' row of about 10 large, recurved teeth, behind which
is a patch of small teeth; sides of jaw with a single series of canines simi-
lar to those in front, but larger; upper jaw with an irregular series of
small teeth; palatines with a single series of conical teeth; 2 large curved
canines on vomer; head with several rows of fringed pores; 1 row along
lower line of opercle and subopercle; another along upper edge of cheek,
this branching behind and below the orbit, 1 branch running forward

r i

2322 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

below the orbit aud anmnd the snout, the other vertically downward
behind the niiixillary; a sories of fringes behind the lower lip; behind
this a series of pores without fringes; a short straight scries of pores on
each side of vertex ; a row of pores along the base of the dorsal fin, curv-
ing at front of dorsal, and terminating at upper angle of opercle; a row
below this, not reaching base of pectoral; the third row not reaching
base of caudal, but ceasing at second third of anal to about its twen-
tieth ray, and is anteriorly strongly curved upward to base of pectoral ;
2 concentric series on the abdomen, the outer extending forward between
bases of ventrals. The so-called "shining pores" on the sides are not
pores, but bright round pieces of shiny membrane, showing through a
translucent skin ; each of the spots has above it a pair of fringed llaps
with a small pore between them; the rows of flaps along dorsal and anal
similar, lt)ng and low, their last rays reaching base of caudal rays; pec-
toral broad, somewhat pointed behind, reaching to the vertical from the
iifth anal ray ; origin of ventrals in advance of pectorals, in distance equal
to length of maxillary, their tips not reaching to pectoral base; caudal
well rounded. Olive brown above, with coppery reflections, the belly
brassy-yellow; sides with irregular broad vertical cross blotches, most
distinct in the young; dorsal grayish, with oblique dark bars; vertical
fins sometimes margined with black; pores of lateral lino bead-like,
shining silvery; a, white space l)elow eye, with a black crescent below it;
head yellowish brown, with no dark spots on opercle and shouhb^r; peri-
toneum black. Length 15 inches. Pacific coast; very abundant from
Lower California to Puget Sound; living under stones, near the shore
northward, in deeper water southward. It makes a peculiar humming
noise with its air bladder, hence the name singing fish, (notatus, spotted;
noted.)

Porichthys notatus, CwmAKn,Vroc. Ac. Xat. Sci. Thila. 1854, 141, San Francisco; GiRARD,

Pac. K. It. Surv., X, Fishes, KU, 1858.
Porichthi/s margaritalvt. Meek & Hall, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1885, 56; not of Rich-

AUUSdN.

Porichtliyt jwronUsimuii, Jordan Jt Gilhkut, Synopsis, 751, 1883 (not of CoviKU & Valen-
ciennes) ; GCnther. Cat., Ill, 176, 1861 (in part).

2655. PORIC'IITHYS MARtJARITATUS (Richanlson).

nead3ito3j; depth 4,:! to 5.V. D. 11-37; A. 33. Similar to Porichthys
notatus, difl'ering chiefly in color. Top aud sides of head and space above
pectorals with numerous round dark brown spots and freckles, behind
pectorals (5 to 8 vertical i cross bars; «lorsal not margined with black,
but with 8 to 10 black siibraarginal spots; anal, with the exception of a
few posterior rays, pale; caudal black at base and tip; jiectorals with a
few dots at base and on upper rays; a roundish white blotch below eye,
below this a jet-black crescent. Palatine teeth small, 1 or 2 slightly
enlarged. Series of shining spots arranged as in /'. notatuB, except that
the third series extends almost to end of anal, to about its thirtieth ray.
Pacific Coast of tropical America. This species was obtained by the Alba-
troaa in large numbers off the west coast of Colombia, at Station 2795 at

Jorda7t and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2323

i ■ I

a depth of 33 fathoms, iind at Station 2802 at a depth of 16 fathoms. The
largest specimens are about 4i^ inches long. In dentition it agrees with
Poriehthys notatus, but in color and arrangement of spots it resembles P.
porosissimua. (margaritatua, bearing pearls ; jadpyapo^.)

liatraehuM margaritaius, Kichakdson, Voyage Sulphur, Fishes, 67, 1845, Pacific coast of
Central America ; coloration and arrangement of lines identical with poroisUsiuius^

Poriehthys nmitopredium,* Jordan & Bollman, Pro(t. IJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 171, Pacific
Ocean, off coast of Colombia, Albatross Station, No. aSoa, 8^ 38' N., 78=' 31' 30" W.,
in 16 fathoms. (Type, No. 41145, U. S. Nat. Mas. Coll. Albatrois.)

861. THALASSOPHRYNE, GUnther.

(POIiSON TOAD-KISIIES.)

Thalaisophryne, GCnthek, Cat. Fishes, in, 174, 18C1 (maculom.).

Body rather elongate, compressed; head moderate. Dorsal spines 2;t
8ot't dorsal iiiid anal rather short, free from caudal; opercle very small,
its posterior part developed as a single strong spine; subopercle feebly
developed, narrowed and not ending in a spine; no scales on body.
Spines hollow, and connected with venom glands. Lateral line on sides
of body single; jaws without canino teeth. Species all South American,
.some of them ascending rivers; all of them noted for their venomous
sjtines.t {OdXadda, the sea; il>pvv7), toad.)

* vavToiraiiiov, sailor-bov, from the common name "midshipman,'' a name given in
allusion to the " butttms on the belly of the fish.

+ In Thalaasothia, Berg, a South American genus, likewise with poison glands, 4 dorsal
spines are present.

; The poison organs of Thalassophryne reticulata are thus described by Dr. Giinther:
"lu this si)ecies I lirst observed and closely examined the poison organwith wliieh the
lislies of tills genus are i)rovided. Its structure is as follows: (1) The opercular part:
The oi)ercuhim is very narrow, vertically styliform, and very mobile; it is armed l)ehiud
witli a spine, 8 lines long in a specimen of lOA inches, and of the same form as the venom
lang of a snake; it is. liowcver, somewhat less curved, being only slijihtly bent upward;
it has a longish slit at tlie outer side of its extremity, wliieli leacfs info a canal perfectly
closed, and running along the whole length of its interior; a bristle introduced intotlio
cauiil reappears through another o])ening at the base of tlie spine, entering into a sac
situated on the opercle and along the basal iialf of tlu> spine; the sac is of an oblong-
ovato sliape, and about double the si/e of an oat grain. Though the specimen had been
preserved in sjiirits for about 9 months, it still contained <a whitish substance of the con-
sistency of thick cream, which on the slightest nressure freely flowed from tlie opening
in the extremity of the spine. On the other li,and, the sac could be easily tilled with air
or tiuid from tiie foramen of the spine. No gland could be discovered in the immediate
neigliborhood of tlie sac; liiiton a more careful inspection I found a minute tube floating
free in the sac, whilst on the left-hand side tliere is only a .small opening instead of tho
tube. The attempts to introduce a bristle into this n]>euing for any distance failed, as it
appears to leail into the interior of the basal jmrtion of tli(< operci'iium, to which the sac
tinnly adheres at this spot. (2) Tho dorsal part is comuosed of the 2 dorsal spines, each of
whidi is 10 lines long. The whole arrangement is tlie same as in the opercular s|)ines;
their slit is at the front side of the point; each has a sejiarate sac, wliieh occupies the
front of the basal iiortiou; the contents wore the samit as in the opercular sacs, but in
sdiiK^what greater <iuantity. A strong branch of the lateral lino ascends to the imme-
diate neighborhood of their ba.se. Thus we have 4 jioison spines, eacli with a sac at its
base; the walls of the Ha<'s are thin, composed of a fibrous membrane, the interior of
wliicli is coated over with mucous. There are no secretory glands embedded between
tliese membranes, and the.se sacs are probably merely tho reservoirs in which the lluid
secreted accumulates. The absence of a secretory organ in the immediate iieigliborhooil
of the reservoirs (an organ the size of wliicli would be in accordance with the iiuantit^v of
fluid secreted), the diversity of the osseous spines which have been nusliiled into poison
organs, and the actual ecmuiiunieation indicated by the foramen in the sac, lead me to tho
o|iinion that the organ of secretion is either that system of muciferous channels which ix
found in nearly tTie whole class of fishes, and the secretion of which has poisonous
qualities in a few of tbeui, or at least an iudepeudcnt portion of it. This description was

■ J

: 1

11.

; (

-il ^ :*'

2324 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

a. Dorsal and anal (ins not Joined to the candal.

b. Dorsal and nual linn rather short; D. 11-19; A. 18; pectoral fins short, their tips

reaching to origin of anal. Color brown, marbled with darker; pectoral flns

and sides of body with some round black spots ; chin and veiitrals brownish ;

belly white. macclosa, 2C56.

bb. Dorsal and anal flns longer: D. 11-24; A. 24; pectoral tins longer, their tips

reaching to sixth anal ray. Color of head, b<Mly, and flns brown, with n

network of yellowish linos; dorsal, anal, caudal, and pectoral flns with

white margins. reticulata, 2657.

2656. TIIALASSOPHRTXE MACULOSA, Gunthcr.

D. 11-19; A.18; V.I, 2. The head is somewhat longer than broad, its length
being contained 3^ in the total; it is moderately dtipressed. The snout is
short, obtuse, with the cleft of the mouth ascending obliquely upward, and
with the chin prominent. The maxillary extends to the vertical from the
posterior margin of the orbit. The teeth are obtusely conical, standing in
single series, except anteriorly in the lower jaw, where they form 2 series,
and in the upper, where they are cardiforiu, in a narrow band. The eyes
are directed upward and very small, their width being | of that of the
bony bridge between the orbits. Gill covers with a single spine; it is
long, slender, cylindrical, like one of the dorsal spines, and has the opercu-
lum for its base. Gill opening not very narrow; it extends from the ui>per

made from the first example; through the kindness of Captain Dow I received 2 other
specimens, and in the li<)])e of proving the connection of the poison bags with the lateral-
hue system, Tasked Dr. Pettigrew, of the Royal College of Surgeons, a gentleman whose
greatskill has enriched that collection with a series of the most admirable anatomical
preparations, to lend me his assistance in injecting the canals. The iiyection of the bags
througli the opening of the spine was easily accomplished ; but we failed to drive the
fluid beyond the bag, or to All with it any other part of the system of muciferous chan-
nels. I'his, liowever, does not disprove tlie connection of the poison bags with that
system, inasmuch as it became apparent tliat, if there be minute openings they are so
contracted by the action of the spirit in which tlie specimens were preserved, as to be
impassable to'^ the fluid of injection. A great part of the lateral-line system <-onsists of
open canals ; however, on some parts of the body, these canals are entirely covered by
the skin; thus, for instance, the ojien lateral line ceases anparently in the suprascapular
region, being continued in the parietal region. We could not discover any trace of an
opening by which tlie open canal leads to below the skin ; yet we could distinctly trace
the existence of the continuation of the canal by a depressed line, so that it i's<|uito
evident that such ojjenings do exist, although they may be passable only in fresh speci-
mens. Thus, likewise, the existence of openings in the bags, as I believed to have
found in the first 8j)eeimen dissected, may be proved by examination of fresh examples.
The sacs are without an external ninscnlar layer, and situated immediately below tlio
loose, tliick skin which (envelops their spines to their extremity; the ejection of tlio
poi.son into a living animal, therefore, can only be effected by theipressiire to which the
sac is subjected the moment the spine enters another body. "Nobody will sup)iose that a
com|)licated apparatus like the one described can be intended for conveying an innocuous
substance; and therefore I have not hesitated to designate it as ]ioisonous; and. Captain
Dow informs me in a letter lately received, ' the natives of Panama seemed quite familiar
with the existence of the spines and of the emission from them of a poison which, when
introduced into a wound, <',aiised lever, an etl'ect somewhat similar to that produced by
the sting of a scorpion: but in no case was a wound caused by one of them known to
result seriously. The slightest pressure of tlie fliiger at the base of the spine caused the
poison to jet a foot or more from the opening of the spine.' The greatest importance
must bo attached to this fact, inasmuch as it assi.|<ts us in our inquiries into the nature of
the functions of the muciferous system, the idea of its being a secretory organ having lately
been superseded by the notion tlnit it serves merely as a stratum for the distribution of
periphtTic nerves. Also the objection that the Stingrays and many Slluroid fishes aro
not poisonous, because they have no poison organ, can not be maintained, although the
organs conveying their poison are neither so well adapted for this purpose nor in such a
perfect connection with the secretory mu(a>us system as in TlialuMsophriine. The poison
organ serves merely as a weajMin of defense. All the Ratrachoids with obtuse teeth on
the palate aud iu t^e lower Jaw feed uu Mulluuca and Cruataceaua." (Giiutber.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2325

base of the pectoral obli(iuely downward and forward to the level of the
inferior base of the pectoral. The 2 dorsal sjjines are slendor, pnnyent,
about \ the length of the head. Dorsal and anal fins terminate immedi-
ately before the root of the caudal, the length of which is 1 the total;
pectoral obliquely rounded, extending to the origin of the anal; ventral
rather short, not (piite \ the length of the head, extending to the base of
the pectoral. Skin perfectly smooth, with some very short tentacles at
the lower Jaw. Two short horizontal muciferous channels on the cheek
and the lateral line are very distinct; they are not, as usually, eom])osed
of ii series of distant pores, but the pores are continent, forming 1 continu-
ous groove of a white color. Other mnciferous channels, as for instiiuce
along the base of the anal, are composed of separate indistinct pores.
Color brown, marbled with darker; pe<"toral fius and sides of the body
with some round black spots; chin and ventrals brownish; belly white.
The general habit is that of a Batravlms [Ojhiiihiis]. One specimen, from
Puerto Cabello, Caribbean Sea. (Uilnther. ) (maculosux, spotted.)

Thalatsophryuf maculosa, (ICntheh, (.'at., ui, 175. 1861, Puerto Cabello; (ifNTiiER, yi.slit'S
of Ceutr. Amcr., 430, pi. 08, &g. 1, 1869 ; Meek A: ^ , . Proc. Ac. Nut, Sci. Phila. 1885, 54.

2057. TIIALASSOPIIKYXK RETHILATA. Oiinthor.

D. 11-24; A. 21; V. I, 2; P. 16. The length of the head is ? of the
total length (without caudal). The teeth on the ])alate are in a single
series, very short, obtuse, incisor-likt;. Pectoral very large, extend-
ing back to the sixth anal ray. Head, body, and tins brown, with a net-
work of yellowish lines; vertical and pectoral fins with a Avhite margin.
In other respects this species agrees with T. maculosa. Length 13 inches.
Panama; not rare. (/-tiicM/atMs, netted.)

Tkalassophryne reticulata, GCnthek, Proc. Zool. Son.. London 1864, 150, 155, Panama; Gt)N-
THEE, Fish. Coiitr. Ainer., 437, pi. 68, tig, 2, 1809; Jordan & GiuJEKT, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mu8. 1882, 62 ; Meek & Hall, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1885 ?.

862. D.ffiCTOR, Jordan «.V Evermann, new genus.

(Poison Toad-kisuks.)

Dartor, Jordan & Kvermann, new gonus {dowi).

This genus dift'ers from Thalasaophrijnc in the more elongate body and
the many-rayed soft dorsal and anal fins, the last rays of which are fully
Joined to the caudal. {SaiHTcop, slayer; from SaiZoo, to slay.)

; i

2058. D.KCTOll MOW'I (Jordan \ Gilb(<it),

Head t in length (4J with caudal) ; depth 5(i ((»*). 1). 11-33 ; A. 30. ]5o<ly
(iomparatively elongate, compressed behind. Head low and rather nar-
row, its width IJr ii» its length. Eye very small, the diameter not i tlie
iiiterorbital space, and about as long as snout, H in head, Interorbital
width about 5J in head. Opercular sjtine short, nearly 4 in head. Month
obliiiue, the lower jaw much projecting. Maxillary 2 in head, extending

iiil

rr

I t

2326 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

to beyond oye. Teeth small, those 011 tlio palatiue largest; teoth of npper
Jaw smaller thiiu those of the lower; auterior teeth of the lower jaw in
iiboiit 2 series. Pectoral iius lou^, 1^ in head, reaching about to iifth anal
ray; last rays of dorsal and anal fully joined to the caudal. Color
olivaceous, with darker blotches; first dorsal black; under parts pale;
posterior portion of anal edged Avith dark. Pacifit; coast of North Amer-
ica, from Punta Arenas to Panama; rare. (Named for Capt. Johu M. Dow,
who obtained a tine specimen (now destroyed) from Panama.)

Thalaitotilmjne dowi, Jordan &. Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mii8. 1887, 388, Punta Arenas
(Type, No. ;t9085, D. S. Nat. Mils. Coll. Cornell University) j Jordan, Proo. Cal. Ac.
Scl. 1890, 231, pi. 38.

Suborder XENOPTEKYGII.
(The Oling-fishes.)

Breast with a broad sucking disk, between the wide-set ventral fins,
this formed from the skin of the breast, not from the ventral fins them-
selves. Ventral rays I, 4 or I, 5 ; no scales; no spinous dorsal; no sub-
orbital ring; palatine arcade materially modified; no air bladder; verte-
brio in increased numbers; gill arches redTiced. A well-marked group of
small fishes, constituting a single family. (cdVos, strange; itrepv^, fin.)

Family CXCIX. GOBIESOCID^E.

(CUX(i-KISlIES.)

Body rather elongate, tadpole-shaped, broad and depressed in front,
covered by smooth, naked skin; mouth moderate; upper jaw protractile;
teeth usually rather strong, the anterior conical or incisor-like; posterior
canines sometimes present; suborbital ring wanting; no bony stay from
suborbital across cheek; opercle reduced to a spine-like projection con-
cctaled in the skin, behind the angle of the large preopercle, this spine
sometimes obsolete; pseudobranchia' small or wanting, gills 3 or 2^; gill
membranes broadly united, free or united to the isthmus; dorsal lin on
the posterior part of the body, opposite to the anal and similar to it, both"
fins without spines; ventral fins wide apart, each with 1 concealed
spine and 4 or 5 soft rays. Between and behind tlie A'eutrals is a large
su(;king disk, the ventrals usually forming part of it. This sucking disk,
which is wholly ditterent in structure from that of Cyclopterusun^ Ziparis,
is thus describtid by Dr. Giinther: "The whole disk is exceedingly large,
subcircular, longer than broad, its length being (often) i of the whole
length of the fish. The central portion is formed merely by skin, which
is separated from the pelvic or pubic bones by several layers of muscles.
The peripheric portion is divided into an anterior and posterior part by a
deep notch behind the ventrals. The anterior peripheric portion is formed
by the ventral rays, the membrane between them and a broad fringe,
which extends anteriorly from one ventral to the other. This fringe is a
fold of the skin containing on one side the rudimentary ventral spine, but

anus;

F??r

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2327

uo cartilage. The poaterior peripheric portion is suspeuded ou each side
on tbo coracoid, the upper boue of which is exceedingly broad, becoming
a free, movable plate bt^bind the pectoral. The lower bone of the cora-
coid ia of a triangnlar form, and supports a very broad fold of the skin,
extending from one Hide to the other, and containing a cartilage which
runs tbrongh the whole of that fold. Fine processes of the cartilage are
continued into the soft striated margin, in which the disk terminates
posteriorly. The face of the (lisk is coated with a thick epidermis, like
the sole of the foot in higher animals. The epidermis' is divided into
many polygonal plates. There are no such plates between the roots of
the ventral fine." (Gilntber, Cat., iii, 495.) No air bladder; intestines
short; pyloric ca^ca few or none; skeleton firm ; vertebra'. 13 or 14-f-13 to
22:^26 to 36. Carnivorous fishes of small size, chielly of the warm seas,
usually living among loose stones between the tide marks and clinging
to them lirmly by means of the adhesive disk. Their relations are obscure,
but they are probably descended from allies or ancestors of the Cottidw
or Batrachoididw. Genera about 15; species 50. The principal genus is
(iobiesox. (Gobe'aocidw, Giintber, Cat., iii, 489-515.)

GOBIESOCIN^ :

a. Gill iiiembranea free from the istlimus ; gills 3 ; jwaterior part of .siickiug diak with
no free anterior margin.
b. InciHors of lower jaw with entire edges.

c. Vertebrie about Z2; anal lin long, nearly as long us dorsal.

Caulakchus, 863.
ce. Ve^tebr«^ about 26 ; anal fin short.

d. Dorsal fin very long, of about 17 rays, twice as long as the moderate
anal, which has 8 or 9 rays ; disk broad ; upper teeth in several

roWB. BUYSSET^ERES, 864.

dd. Dorsal fin moderate or short, of 4 to 13 rays.

e. Disk mure or less broad, its length 2J to 3 iu body; dorsal and

anal not very short, tlieir rays 6 or more; body tapering

rapidly backward j opercular spine strong. Gobiesox, 865.

ee. Disk very narrow, its wiiltli 4 to 5 in body; liead short, 3J to 4

iu body; dorsal and anal very short and small; a patch of

teeth iu each jaw behind the large teeth; sucking disk

snuill. RiMicOLA, 866.

bb. Incisors of lower jaw tricuspid or serrate; dorsal aud anal fins short; verte-

bno about 28. Abbacioha, 867.

863. CAULARCHUS, Gill.

Caularchus, Gill, Froo. Ac, Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1862,330 {mwandrictit).

This genus differs from Gobiesox chiefly in the numerous vertobric, 32 in
the only species known. The incisors are entire, the anal iin similar to
the dorsal, each having 12 or 13 rays. The single species reaches a large
size and is found farther north than any other of the group, a fact in
accord with the increased number of vertebrte. {HavXdS, stem; dpxos,

anus; from the many-rayed anul.)

t

if'

\}

1 I

I

2328 Bulletin //, United States National 3fuseum.

2060. CAUIiARCIIUS M.KANDRICUS (Giriird).

(SUCK-FISII.)

Hea(l2i; d«^ptli 6^. I). 13; A. 12; V. 1,4; vertebrm 13 + 19=32; eye 7t
in head; distance from vent to ciindal 2| in length of body; sucking disk
an broad as long, 3* in length. Head broad, nearly circular when viewed
tVoi» <\bovo; intcrorbital width 3 in head; mouth wide, its width move
than \ length of head; maxillary extending to below eye; outer teeth of
upper jaw rather strong, close set, vertical, conical, or slightly com-
pressed, a narrow band of small, conical teeth behind them; lower jaw
with larger teeth, 6 or 8 of the anterior broad, incisor-like, with entire
edges, placed nearly horizontally ; lateral .and posterior teeth small, as in
upper jaw; nostrils ending in tubes; spine on operclo sharp, but not pro-
jecting through the skin; origin of dorsal fin a little in advance of vent,
the tin umch higher than the anal ; vent midway between anal and poste-
rior edge of disk ; pectorals short and broad, not extending back past the
margin of the ventral disk, the 3 lower rays forming part of disk; caudal
rounded. Color light olive, everywhere reticulated with brownish orange ;
middle of upper lip black; alight bar between eyes and 1 across cheek;
vertical fins dusky; caudal with 2 faint brownish bars near its base.
Specimens from red algie are light pink, mottled with darker, the pale
band between eyes very distinct. Length 6 inches. Pacific coast of United
States, from Vancouver Island to Point Conc<pcion; everywhere very
abundant in rock pools; the largest spec of (iobieaocidie. (mwandriciia,
meandering, in allusion to tlie reticulated streaks.)

Lepadogaster reticulatua, GiHARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 155, San Luis Obispo,

California ; name preoccupied.
Lepidogaster mcea7idricus, Gihakd, Pacific K. R. Surv., x, Fislies, 130, 1858, San Luis

Obispo, California ; .substitute for reticulatus, preoccupied iu Lepadogatter ; GCnthkb,

Cat., ni, 505, 1861.
Qohiesox reticulattts, Jokdan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 749, 1883.

864. BRYSSETiERES, Jordan A: Evermann.

Uri/ssetwres, JoRUXti &. Evkrmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, 230 (pinniger).

This genus difiers from Gohiesox subtly iu the great development of the
dorsal fin, which has 17 rays, the moderate anal having but 8 or 9 ; the
vertebne 10 + 16, as u.sual in Gohiesox. One species known. {fipv66oi;,
sea-urchin ; fraifioi, comrade, the species living in rock pools with the
sea-urchins. )

?

}

I ,

■•'.V

■■.:'>■ i

"" 1

2««0. KKVSSKT.VRES Pl>MfiEK (Gilbert).

Head 2* to 2|; width «tf body 4,^; of head 3 in length, D. 16 or 17;
A. 8 or 9. Intcrorbital width 3^ in head; eye \ interorbital widtli;
width of mouth lif to I4 in head. Teeth in upper jaw conic, acute, in
several series, the anterior row in front enlarged, unequal; in lower jaw
the teeth inesially in 2 distinct series, those in middle of anterior row nar-
row, entire incisors, those laterally conic, caniue-like. No evident oi)er-

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2329

cular spine. Disk about as broad as long, its length about that of bead.
VxttwX of dorsal varying in position^ about midway between snont and
base of caudal, its length about \ that of body. Vent nearly equidistant
between disk and front of anal, the base of the latter 3j to 3| in body.
Caudal 1^ to If in head. Pectorals about \ of head, with a distinct fold
at base. Color variable ; anteriorly usually with reticulating dark lines
surrounding yellowish spots; a narrow dark streak forward, 1 downward,
and 1 backward from orbit; below dorsal fin about 6 dark bars running
obliquely downward and backward, these sometimes in greater number,
frequently more or less irregular and interconnected, often divided by
vertical streaks or series of dots; body sometimes light in spirits, with
out distinctive markings; vertical fins usually dusky, narrowly margined
with white, sometimes lighter with dark margins. Length 2^^ inches.
((Jilbert.) Gulf of California, abundant; specimens known from Puerto
Kofugio (Angel Islantl), San Luis Gonzales Bay, and La Paz. Well dis-
tinguished by its long dorsal, {^inniger, fin-beariug.)

(lobietoxpinniijer, Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mub. 1890, 94, Puerto Refugio, Gulf of Cali-
fornia. (Coll. Albatroti.)
liiysietceres pinniger, Jobdan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 230, pi. 34«

865. GOBIESOX, Lac^pkle.

(CLING-FI8HB8.)

(lobieiox, LxotrtDK, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 595, 1799 (cephalus),

Megaphahu, Bafinesque, Analyse de la Nature 1815, 86 {cephalus, substitute for Oobie-
SOX, regarded a» ait objectiouable compound).

Sicyaies, MUller & Thoschel, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1843, 298 (sanguineus; small spe-
cies, with upper teeth uniserial).

Tiimicodon, Bbisout dk Barnevillb, Rev. Zool., 144, 1846 (chileniis = Sicyaies) .

Sicyogaster, Brisout de Barnkville, Kev. Zool., 144, 1846 {marmoratus= Oobiesox).

liryssophUua, Jordan & Evermann, new subgenus (papillifer).

Body anteriorly very broad and depressed, posteriorly slender, covered
with tough, smooth skin ; opercle with a strong spine ; head large, rounded
in front; mouth terminal, crescent-shaped; lower jaw with a series of
Htroug incisors in front, their edges rounded or truncate; upper jaw with
a series of strong teeth, behind which are sometimes smaller teeth ; no
toeth on vomer or palatines; gills 3; gill membranes broadly united under
tlie throat, not attached to the isthmus; sucking disk large, the posterior
portion without anterior free margin. Dorsal and anal moderate, the dor-
sal rays 6 to 12, the anal rays 6 to 10. Vertebra) about 26, as far as known.
Species numerous, all American; mostly tropical, clinging to rocks near
the shore. ( Gobiiis; Eaox ; the resemblances either to the goby or the pike
lioing few or remote.)

Bhys80PHU.cs (|3pv(r<ro«, sea urchin ; 0tAc'w, to love) :
a. Dorsal tin comparatively long, of about 13 rays ; anal rays 9 ; disk broad ; upper teeth
in several rows; lower incisors narrow ; papilla) below chin ; color olivaceous.

PAPILLIFER, 2661.

aa. Dorsal fin moderate or short, its rays 6 to 11.
3030 69

\ \

illfi

; t

lit

2330 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

(■■;

I;-.

GOBIESOX :
e. Upper teeth in more than 1 Borios (character not veritlod in a few speoina) ; head
broad,
d. Coloration in life cliietly olivaceous, without red, soiuetiineH banded with
darker or paler.
«. Dorsal rays 12; anal rays 7. qykinub, 2662.

ee. Dorsal rays 11; anal rays 6; flns black. NIOKIpi.vnis, 2663.

Me. Dorsal rays 0 or 10; anal rays 0. cepiialu8,2664.

Mte. Dorsal rays 8 ; anal rays 6. tuubs, 2605.

eeeee. Dorsal rays 11 ; anal rays 10. sthumosus, 2060.

eeeeet. Dorsal rays 10; anal rays 8. virgatulus, 2067.

eeeeeee. Dorsal rays 0; annl rays 7.

/. Width of head 3J in length; color plain brown.

ADU8TU8, 2008.

/. Width of head 5 in length; color blackish, with yellow
vermiculations. funebris, 2669.

eeeeeeee. Dorsal rays 7; anal rays 7; eyes variegated.

rC£Cn.OPHTHALHUS, 2070.

dd. Coloration in life chiefly bright red, or else with red spots or bands, the
color not fading in spirits.
g. Color red, with deep red spots. D. 6; A. 5. rhodospii-cs, 2071.

gg. Color uniform red, unspotted, the color not fading in spirits ; dor-
sal rays 0 to 8 ; anal rays 6.
h. Lower Jaw with short incisors ou each side, followed by ca-
nines. HACROPHTHALMU8, 2672.

hh. Lower Jaw with 2 horizontal incisors on each side, the third
horizontal tooth not incisor-like; no distinct canines.

CERA8INU8, 2673.

SiCYASES (iTiKva, a sucking cup made of a gourd) :
ce. Upper teeth in a single series (character not verified on some species) ; dorsal
and anal short.
I. Color chiefly red.

j. Body with cross bands of deep red ; iris red ; dorsal rays 0 ; anal rays -5 ;

head broad, the eyes very large. ervthrops, 2674.

jj. Body with dark cross bands and with spots of clear blue; body rather

slender. D. 6 or 7 ; A. 6. HUBiomosu8, 267!).

jjj. Body plain, light red ; form rather slender. cauneus, 2676.

it. Color olivaceous or brownish, not red.

k. Dor.4al rays 9 ; anal rays 6.

2. Color olivaceous, without bands. h.s;bE8, 2677.

{{. Color greenish, with 3 dark cross bands and many dots.

PL'NCTULATDS, 2678.

kk. Dorsal rays 7 ; anal rays 7 ; btMiy with dark cross bands.

FA8CIATU8, 2679.

Subgenus BRYSSOPHILUS, Jordan & Evermann.

2061. GOBIESOX PAPILLIFER, Gilbert.

Head 2i|; width of body 3|; width of head 2J. D. 13; A. 9, Width ot
mouth 1* iu head; iuterorbital width 3; ej^e | interorbital width; teeth
in upper jaw conic, actite, very small, in 2 or more series, 2 of them
slightly enlarged, canine-like; teeth in lower jaw in 2 series, the outer
anteriorly, narrow entire incisors, with rounded tips, becoming conical
laterally; opercular spine sharp, evident, though not projecting through
the integument ; lips and lower side of head anteriorly with fleshy pa-
pilla); disk about as broad as long, its length 1| in head; distance from

m'

■(■• r

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2331

front of dorsal to base of candiil 1^ in its distunco from tip of snout; vent
exceptional in position, immtHliutely in front of anal fin; base of anul If
in head; caudal rather acute, If in head; pectorals 2| in head, a distinct
fleshy fold at base. In spirits, uniform dark olivaceous, lower side of
head and disk light; pectorals dusky; vertical tins with a black bar at
base, then a wliito bar, followed by a wide, dusky area, and narrowly
marj^ined with white; caudal with all these marks except the black bar,
having the posterior outlines curved, following margin of iin. Length H
inches. Magdalena Bay, Lower California, ((iilbert.) Possibly related
to the genus Caularchiis, {papilla; fero, I bear.)

Oobiesox papilUfer, Gii^nBKT, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mutt. 1800, 96, Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali-
fornia. (Coll. Albttti-i)»s.)

Subgenus GOBIESOX.

2063. (ilOBIKSUX OYRtMTS, Jordan & Evennnnn, now sppcios.

|{.6; D.12; A.7; V.I,4; P.20. A vertical fold of skin at base of pectoral;
corucoid distinc^tly below level of upper margin of pectoral ; teeth of upper
Jaw cardiform, lower Jaw with very narrow but compressed incisors, which
are as short as the other teeth. Lateral profile of head nearly semicircu-
lar; head much depressed, as long as broad, its length being '-^ of the total;
width of interorbital space somewhat less than ^ greatest width of head,
or 3 times diameter of eye ; cleft of mouth extending beyond anterior mar-
gin of eye; distance of origin of dorsal from caudal more than | of its
distance from snout. Brownish, with scattered dark spots; a black
blotch anteriorly on the dorsal fin. Length 3 inches. (Giinther.) West
Indies; not seen by us. A valid species, according to Dr. Giinther, but
apparantly as yet without tenable specific name, as the original Cyclopterus
nudus, Linuieus, must have been some other fish, (gyrinus; yvplvo^, a
tadpole. )

Lepadogaster nudus, Block &. Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 2, 1801; in part, doscription taken
from Cijcloptenit midtis, Linuii-iiH, except the count of flu rays. B. 12; A. 6.

Cotylit nuda, MOllkk & Troschel, Ilor. Ichth., ui, 18, pi. 3, f. 2,

Oobiesox nudut, GOntheb, Cat. Fisli., in, 502, 1861, Island of Cordova. (Coll. G. IT.
Skinner.)

(lobifgox gyrinus, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fishes, 4!)1, 1896, Cordova; iiltor
GUnther; name only.

2««3. OOBIESOX MUBIPINMS (Peters).

D. 11; A. 6; P. 22. "Nostrils, mouth, teeth, opercular spine, and fin
rays as in Cotylw atannii {Gobie8ox cephalus), but the dorsal fin longer.
Light brown above (minutely dotted with black, if viewed by a magni-
licr); vertical fins black." Puerto Cabello (Peters) ; not seen by us; a
doubtful species, perhaps identical with G. cephahta or G. nudus. (iiit/er,
black; pinna, fin.)

Coh/lis nigripinnis, Peters, Berl. Monatsber. 1859, 412, Puerto Cabello.
Oobiesox niyrii>iimig, (JOnther, Cat., Ui, 502, 1861; afUir Peters ; GOntuku, Fish. Centr.
Amer., 390, 1869.

, ..ft:

1^^

2332 Bulletin ^7, United States Natiofial Museum.

M I

2664. OOBIESOX CEPHALl'S, Lacup6de.

(T'iTAKI); TKSTAB.)

D. 9 or 10; A, 6; C. 12; P. 19 or 20. Head aud anterior part of body
very broiid, iiiucb depressed : skin toiigb, iiiiked, and sniootb ; bead nearly
as broad as b)ng, witb its prolih; emielliptical, tbe snout being very
obtuse anU r«ninded. Tbe upper aurfaee of tbe bead is quite flat, gently
sloping downward in a straigbt line from tb^^ nape to tbe snout. Tbe
greatest widtb of tlu) iuterorbital spa< e is A of tbat of the bead, or 4 times
tbe diametiT of tbe «^ye. Tbe cleft (tf tb<' moutb is horizontal, curved,
wide, extending to oelovv the ct'uter of tbe eye; tbe lips are thick, the
btwer being divided into 5 portions by 4 vertical grooves, the central por-
tion being the smallest, tbe lateral ones the largest and banging down-
Avard. The ujtper jaw is slightly protractile, and there is a broad velum
behind tbe teeth in eacib jaw. A baud of short conical teeth in the upper
jiiw; a single series in tbe loAver, the anterior ones b«nng slightly com-
pressed incisors, and small lik»^ the laieral teeth, M'hieb are conical. The
eye is small, situat<'d immediately below the upjier profile of the head.
Two nostrils, close together, opposite tbe upper angle of the orbit, their
margins being slightly raist'd. The lower angb^ of the opercular apparatus
terminates posteriorly in an cbtuse movable i)oint enveloped in skin and
directed backward. The gill openings an* s<unewbat na'" , v in conse-
(jueuco (tf t' »< small degree of oxpimBibility of tbe gill covers, but the
gill nxjinbra es b^ve the margin quite free, being united together under
the throat, nnd not attached to tbe istbnuis. There are only 3 gills; the
pseudobrancbia? are quite rudimentary, indicated by 2 or 3 short lamella'.
TliC distance of the origin of the dorsal flu from th«' caudal is nearly \ of
its distance from the snout, its first ray is much shorter than the others,
and apparently without articulations. The caudal rounded and of mod-
erate lergth; tbe anal is only \ as long as tbe dorsal, conimen<'ing below
its middle and terminating in tbe same vertical. The pectoral is broad
and short, its lower 5 b«'ing longer than the upper; it is slightly connected
with tue ventral. A vertical fold of tbe skin at tlie Itase of tbe jtectoral;
the ct»racoid is uo high as to reach to tbe Tipper margin of tbe pectoral. Tb«'
rdbeiMve appanitiis as broad as long, its length being contained 3i tim-'s
ill tL«> total. Th(^ vent aud the porus urogenitalis are close together, sii-
iiited midway between tbe margin of tbe ventral disk and the anal. Th(^
anal ])apilla is small. Tbe color ie brown (in spirits), whitish inferiorly.
Length of adnlt, 7 inches. (Giinther.) Caribbean .Sea, said to be com-
mon; not seen by us. The original r?. cephaliis seems nearer the next
species, if the 2 are really dltiVreut. If that be the case the present 8])ecies
mf.y stand as Cobivsor ataniiii. But we have no material adequate to settle
thio ([U'jstion. {cephalus, big-beaded; HEi!>aX)'f. hvad.)

Oobiesox ceph aluf, LACKi'fcDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, oU5, 1798, Martinique ; on a drawing \iy
Pluauek: I). 8; A. 4or5; color plain roddiwli ; auallnsertod bebiiul rtoFsal ; headbroud;
eyes blue; OUntuku, Cat., UI, 499, 18B1.

Lfjtadoijas'er tfntar, Ulocu \ .Sciineujer, Syst. Ichtb., 44r), 1801, Martinique; after

Pr.I'MIKK.

Colylis nUmnii, MCllku &- Tr JSCUUL, iler. Icbtbyol., ni, 18, tal'. 3, tig. 3, 1846.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2333

2«65. ilOBIKSOX TIIDKS, Kichardson.

Head 2|; depth 4^ ; width of heiid.2i. I). S; A. 6 in plate (5 in tho
description, the first short ray iippsircntly not (-onnted hy Richardson).
Head very broad, as l»voad as Ion;;, abruptly truncated anteriorly; mouth
large, the maxillary reaching front of eye; lower jaw included; teeth
entire; eye large, 44 in head, a little more than \ mterorbital width, lA
in snout. Distance from front of dorsal to caudal alx.ut e<iniil to length
of head ; inst^rtion of dorsal before vent ; th»» sinal behind dorsal and much
shorter than it; pectorals short. Color uniform, probably greenish, with-
out spots or dtripea. Length 5 inches. Locality "unknown, but supposed
to be from China." (Richardson.) The species is, however, certainly not
Chinese^ and is more likely to be from the West Indies. This species dif-
fers from Gobiesox cephalui, as described by Giinthcr, in the larger eye and
shorter dorsal. It is probably the same species, (tudes, hammer.)

Oobiesnx ludeg, Ui.^uardsgn, Voy. Snlphui, I-'ish., 103, pi. 46, figs. 1-3, 1845, Ii.-ibitat
unknown, orronoously Hupp(>sc<l to be China.

I

206«. GOBIKSOX STllUMOSUS, Cope.

D. 11 ; A. 10; C. 16; P. 21. Head extremely wide, its width 2{; in total
length; this width partly produced by a large fleshy mass extending from
end of maxillary to end of interopereh^ ; eyt> small ; profile! of head descend-
ing abruptly from posterior line of orbits. Superior dental series 12
(in each side, externally, but the 3 median teeth ccmceju some series of
which the second 3 ext<>rnal teeth are a C(mtiuuation; inferior teeth
11 on each side; 4 median incisors horizontal and sube(|ual; no marked
ciinine. Bluish pi'.^mbeous, fins blackish. (Cope.) Hilton Head, South
Carolina, and Indian Riv er, Florida; 4 specimens recently taken at Titns-
ville by Evermann it Bean; apparently distinguished from (1. virgaliilns
by its longer anal, {niramoaua, from struma, a scrofulous tumor, alluding
to tho swollen cheek.)

ilobiesox itrumoiitis, Coi'K, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1870, 121, Hilton Head. South Caro-
lina; Jordan \ (Tii.nEiir, Synopsi-s, 749, 1883; Kvkkmann A Ukan, KlwhoH o! iiuliim
River, Florida, in Uc^pt. U. S. Fiah Conini. 1890, 248.

2007. (JORIKKOX VIBOATULUS, Jordan X (Silb.-rt.

Head 2J (3? with caudal); width of head 3^; depth (5 (7 in total). D.
10; A.8or9; vertebra' 10 -f- 16 =2(». Ib)dy rather slender, tlie liead low and
Hither broad, broadly rounded anteriorly; eyes very small, about 4 to (5
ill liead, about 21 in interorbital width; iiitcrorbital 8pa<'e broad, slightly
ronvex. ('hoeks prominent; opercle eiuling in a sharp si)ine. Cleft of
mouth extending to below front of orbit; Uiwer Jaw somewhat shorter
tiiau upper. Teeth of ujiper Jaw in a n.irrow band of about 2 series; 4
teeth of outer series a little larger than tho rest, somewhat canine-like;
middle teeth of lower Jaw incisor-like and partly horizontal, their edges
I n tire or somewhat concave. Ventral disk considerably shorter than IumuI.
Mistance from root of caudal to front of dorsal 2;^ in length. Pectorji'

:T■^

2334 Bulletin :f.y^ United States National Museum.

■ \'i

short, about 2i( in honrl. Color in life oliv.acoous, with numerous paler
spots and broad di/Fust rtflfk hars; the whoVe body covered with rather
/■jiiiit, wavy, longitudinal Htripes or lines of a light orango-brown color,
about as wide as tlu^ interspace, much an in some species of LipariH,
tliese entirely disapiu-arinft in alcohol ; skin cveryw hero with aai-k punctu-
lations; caudal dusky, slijilitly barred with paler, its tip abruptly yel-
lowish, dorsal and anal dusky, the darker parts cori'espondiug to dark
bam (HI tlie body, barred. A rather large species. Leugth 2 to 4 inches.
Couiinou aiuoni^ ballast rocks, from I'eusacola Haj north to Charleston.
Our spiscimens from Pensacola and Charleston. {vhujatulus, narrowly
striped.)

(lobii'sox virgatulus, .Tort \ Gildbht, I'loc. U. S. Xat. Mils. 1882, 20;t, Pcns«co"a, Florida
(Coll. .I()r<lau & SU'iini. ); Jokuan & Gu.beut, Sj-iiopsis, oss, 1883; Goode \- Bean,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 2,'?6; Jordan, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 149.

2«fl8. OOBIESOX .VDUSTl'S, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head S ; depth 5^. D. 9 ; A. 7. Head and body broad and Hat, much de-
pressed; width of head nearly equal to its lenj^th, 3| in body. Incisors
in niidd'o of lower j vw entire, broad; those in upper jaw narrow, blunt,
littld compressed, entire, shorter than the lateral teeth; behind these 2 or
8 series of 8u\aller teeth. Eyes rather large, separated by a broad interor-
bital sp.ice, Which is ^ length of head and about h greater than diameter
of eye. Opercular spine sharp. Pectoral short, about i length of head:
ventral disk as long as head; distance from base of caudal to front o(
dorsal eijualing ,^ of the length; c.iudal rounded behind. Brown, banded
with blackish on body, head marbled with darker brown; front of dorsal
black, the tins dusky with darker points. Pacific Coast of Mexico. Three
specimens, the largest about 2 inches long, were obtained in a tide pool at
Mazatlan. {uduitus, scorched; browu.)

(lobieiox aduxtun, JoED.VN &. Gilbert, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1881, :iCO, Mazatlan, Mexico;
JouDAN &. Gn.nicHT, Proc. I'. S. Nat. Mils. 1882, 027 ; Jordan & tiiLnKKT, Bull. U. 8. Fisli
Coiiiiu. 1882, 108.

2009. flOBIESOX FUNKBRIS, (iilbert.

Body rather slender, its width r> in length; width of head 3J to near'y
4; head 2i t;> 3 in hiigth; depth \ head. 1). 9; A. 6 or 7. Teeth in iijtjier
jaw conical, in several series, iinequal but without canines; in lower jaw
mesially in 2 series, the outer of narrow, entire incisors, truncate or
rounded, without lateral <'anineH. Intei'orbital space wi<b', 3 in head, the
eye small, ;: interorbital width. Mouth very wii!,', \ or more thiiii 4 length
of head. Ventral disk wider tiian long, its length 1.} to IJ in head No
evident opercular spine. IMstiinc.- from front of dorsal to base of laudal
2j to 3 in length anterior to dorsal; distance from vent to front of anal
tin 1.1 to Iji in distance from vent to disk ; base of (hsrsal from l.V to li in
hea<l ; base of anal about .} head; caudal rounded, 1? to IJ in head; pec-
torals 3^^ in head. Color varying from dark olive brown to black, every-
wlii're covered with fine, yellowish vermicnlations, usually arranged to

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2335

form narrow lifjliter l)ar8 on the sides ; 3 or 4 obscure dark streaks radia-
tinff from the eye; blackish below, the fins varying from blackish to straw
color. Length 2\ inches. (Gil))ert.) Gulf of California; abundant at
Puerto Refugio (Angrl Island) and La Paz. (funebris, funereal, from the
dark color.)

Oohiffiox funehrin, Gn.BERT, Proc. TT. S. Xat. Mus. 1890, 95, Puerto Refugio, Gulf of Cali-
fornia. (Coll. Albatross.)

2670. (iOBIEKOX P(ECIL OPHTHALMl'S, Jeuyns.

Head 3, as wide as long. D. 7; A. 7. Opercular spine long and slender;
teeth strong, somewhat crowded in front, the anterior in both jaws incisor-
like; upper teeth couii'l, with snuiller ones behind; 6 middle teeth of lower
Jaw incisor-liko, projecting forward, their form not described (proliably
entire). Eyes large, close together, loss than a diameter apart. General
color olivaceous or brownish white, unmarked; Iris golden, with pink and
bine. Length 1*^ inches. (Jenyns.) Chatham Island, Galai)ag08; •)nly
the single type known. {TtoiHiXoi, variegated; o0Gia/l//()j, eye.)

Gohieuox paecilophthalmuti, jENYNS.Voy. heaglo, Fishes, 141, pi. 27, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 1842, Chat-
ham Island (Coll. Darwin) ; Gt):.THEB, Cat., ni, 503, 1861.

2«71. (JOBIKSO.V ItHOUOSPILUS, Giintber.

D. G; A. 5; C. 8 or 9; P. 16. A vertical fold of skin along lower half of
base of pectoral. Distance from front of dorsal to caudal 2j in its dis-
tance from snout; anal before third dorsal ray. A very narrow band of
short conical teeth in upper jaw, I lateral tooth larger than the others,
recurved, canine-like; lower jaw with 1 series of teeth, the anterior nar-
row Jlicjsors, the outer distinctly canine, like the outer above. Rose-
colored with rose-red transverse spots, each with an edge of deep-red dots.
Paniilna. (Gilnther.) Not seen by uk; known from 2 specimens, each 1^-
incjjes long. {fjoSoi', rnim; o/r/Aos, spot.)

(lohiesox rhoito^pilvs, OOnthku, Proc Zool. Soc, fr»lid. 1864, 25, Panama (Coll. Captain
Dow) i (H)NTltER, Fish. Contr. Amer., 445, liiHIi.

!I072. (JOKIKKOX NA( ItOl'il TIULMr S, Oiiiithei.

Eyo4i inhead. I).8; A.G; C.l-'; P.22. Head and anterior part of body
very broad and much depressed, the head as broad as Inug, its profile semi-
elliptical, the snout obtuse and ronndiMl; top of head ((uite IJat; interor-
liihil width eipial to eye. Month horizontal, curved, inodatntei, the cleft
rea' hing bey(»ri(l anterior margin of eye; an acute spine at lower angle
of opercle; 1 short incisors on each side ii; lower Jaw, 8<fparated from
the conical lateral teeth by a larger canine-like tooch. Insertion of dorsal
iionrer caudal than snout; cnildiil rounded. ( olor, uniform reddish
(/lilnther.) l-ocality rinknowu; pndjably Wesl; fridies. (//(IW/m)?, large;

tlilllifXlliU, "ye. )
l)r. Kigeiinninn gives the following notes on a small specimen from St,

IN

2336 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Thomas, which seems referable to Gohiesox macrophthalmus, difFeriug in
the slightly shorter dorsal and larger eye :

"Dorsal 6 or 7; anal about 7; head aboat 3; width of body 3^; width
of mouth 2 in head; interorbital width 4A, equal to snout. Eye large, 2^
in h(^ad. Teeth in the upper jaw conic, in more than 1 series in front,
Houit! in the outer row enlarged; teeth on the lower jaw in a single sericM,
aboit 4 blunt incisors on each side followed by the canines, behind which
the teeth are much smaller and conic. Width of disk If in its length, 2i
in head; opercular spine strong; distance of origin of dorsal i'rom caudal
2^ in its distance from tip of snout. Sides and back uniform bright red;
eyo black, iris bright red; lower surface yellow, dotted with bright red.
One specimen 23 mm. lorg in the Museum of the University of Indiana
from St. Thomas (Coll. Edward W. Brigham), uuich shrunken and fins
hardened by strong alcohol." (Eigenmann, in lit.)
Qobie^oxmacrophthalmus, GOntheu, Cat., in, 502, 1861, locality anknown.

JV»

f

2G78. GOBIESOX CERASINU8, Cope.

Head 3 in total with caudal, D. 6 ; A. 6 ; C. 12 ; P. 24 ; V. 4. Head very
wide, ovate, as broad as long to upper base of pectoral. Eye large, 3^ in
head, equal to frontal width. Ten teeth on each side of each jaw, none of
the upper being incisors, the 2 median on e.nch side larger than the others;
3 teeth on each side in lower jaw horizontal, the others vertical, 2 of
the horizontal teeth incisors, the median one on each side of these much
the larger; each horizontal tooth with a small one behitul it; no canines.
Profile regularly descending from supraoccipital ; a long subopercular
spine. Dorsal beginning with last fourth of distance between tip of
snout and basi^ of caudal. Body and fins light crimson lake above, whitish
below; no spots. One specimen, 2Hnches long, from St. Martins. (Cope.)
{HEpddivoi, ccrasiniis, cherry color.)

f Cyclopterusniidus, LiNN.EUS, Syst. N.at., Eil. x, 260, 1758, " India ;" from a specimen in Mm.
Ailolph Frod. (tab. 27), said to bo 2 incbes in length; tho bond broad with a sharp
spino behind; dorsal rays 6; not Lepadugaster iitidu.i, Bloch & Schneider, Syst.
Icbth., 2, 1801, who givo "D. 12, A. C,"* the description otherwise that of Linnwus:
not (robiegox nudus of recent authors, which is a species (O. gyrinus) allied to (i. vir-
gatulus.

Oobietox eei-asinus, Copk, Trans. Am. Phil. See., xiv, 1871, 473, St. Martins, West Indies.
(Coll. Dr. K. E. Van lUjgersina. Type in Ac. Sci. I'bila.)

Subgenus SICYASES,t Miillcr & Troschcl.

2074. OOBIKSOX KKYTII HOI'S, Jordan \ Gilbert.

Head 2^; depth 6. D. fi; A. 5. Head scarcely longer than broad, pro-
portionately very l)road and depressed, its breadth 3 times in total.

* We do not know by wliat authority the number of fin rays giv(!7i by Linnmus (I). 6)
was altered to " I). 12, A. 6" by Schneider (Syst, lehtli.). The last-naniod ligures agree
with nvdut, as described by Dr. Giintber, tliat is, with our (r. gi/rinim. If the Linna>an
tvpe of niidnii really liad I). 6, it must have been eeraninus or macrophthalmun or some very
similar species. The scanty Linniran description agrees best with ceratinitt. The name
nuiiiiK, it used at all, must b<^ taken lor a species to wliich tiiu LinnaMin description may be
u]>plied'. In our, judgment the uncertainty is too great to Justify the substitution of ni(du,«
for either efratinvn or iiincrophtlialiinit. It could be no other known species, however.

t This subgenus is coniposcd of small sjiecies with the upper teeth in 1 series. This
character should be verillrd on all our species, us perhaps none of them belongs to it.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Atnerica. 2337

Incisors in both jaws, entire and rather broad, the liiteral teeth, as usual,
pointed ; no canines. Eyes very large, considerably wider than the nar-
row interorbital area, 3^ in head; interorbital area nearly 5 in head.
Ventral disk a little longer than head, 2J in body. Pectoral about ^
length of head. Distance from front of dorsal to caudal, 3§^ in body.
Caudal truncate, with rounded edges. Light olivaceous; body with 3 or
4 bars of cherry red; liead marbled with red; eyes intensely cherry red,
their upper border blackish; fins pale, the upper mottled with reddish;
caudal barred with red. Two specimens, li inches long, taken in a rock
pool at Mazatlan; also recorded from the Tres Marias Islands. {kpvOpd^,
red; i^irp, eye.)

Oobieiox erytlirop»,JoRnAJi &. Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 320, Mazatlan, Mexico
(Type. No. 29248. Coll. Gilbert) ; Jordan &, Gilrert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comni. 1882, 108 ;
Jordan, Fishes of Sinaloa, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 499.

2675. OORIESOX iiUUIGINOSUS (Poey).

D. 6 or 7; A. 6; V. 4; P. 25. Head 3, including caudal, its greatest width
twice its height; eye 2 in int<'rorbital width. Body slender; head semi-
oval, obtuse; distance from front of dorsal to caudal 1^ in length, includ-
ing caudal; dorsal opposite anal, beginning at fourth seventh of total
length; mouth terminal; teeth not examined by Poey. Color red, witli
12 dark bands and with many scattered spots of clear blue on the body ;
eyes with a red circle. Length 22 mm. Cuba (Poey); not seen by us;
locally common at Matanzas ; perhaps a species of Jrhacioaa. {rubiginosuB,
reddish.)

Sicj/ages ruhiginoims, Poey, Synopsis, 391, 1868, wharves of Palmasola, Matanzas,
Cuba (Coll. Pooy) ; Poey, p:niimeratio, 124, 1875.

2070. nOBIESOX TARXKUS (Poey).

Head rounded; body very slender ; eyes large, as wide as interorbital
space; mouth inferior; teeth not examined by Poey. Colorpale red, with
some white specks and bands. Length 22 mm. Otherwise essentially as
in Gohieaox ruhiginoaua. (Poey.) Matanzas; a doubtful species, {carneua,
desh-colored.)

Sicyatei carnevs, Poby, .Synopsis, 392, 18C8, wharves of Palmasola, Matanzas, Cuba (Coll.
Poey); PoEY, Entuiienitio, 124, 187.").

2«77. (iOltlKSOX II.KKKS, Jordan &■ Dollnian.

Head 2* (.3^ in total); depth 6 (7i). D.9; A. 6. Body rather slender;
head low and l)road, greatest breadth not quite equal to length, its anterior
margiti not so broadly rounded as in ^r'. virijainlna. Eyes very sni ill, IJ
in interorbital space, T> in head; interorbital bone appearing convi^x, least
width 3i in head and about ('(jnal to length of snout; cleft of month ex-
tending to beyond ^'liddle of eye; lower .jaw included; tec unis(rial,
those of upper Jaw all canines, the first 3 on each side small, but becom-
ing larger outward, next 3 or 1 much l.irger, rest smaller than those in
front; anterior teeth of lower jaw iMitire incisors, which have on each side

'■1

1 V

'■ 4

%■

ill

\ t?l

2338 Bulletin ^7, United States Natiotial Museum.

m

about 6 lar^e graduated cauines and behind tliese a few smaller ones;
teeth of lower jaw slightly oblique. Distsince from front ot orsul to root
of caudal about 2| in body (3^ in total). Pectorals modern. 2 in head;
ventral disk 1^ in head. Color olivaceous, without any distinct bands;
the occipital n^gion and the caudal peduncle darker; body irregularly
mottled with groups of darker spots; nape, preopercle, checks, and snout
with numerous dark points; indistinct dark lines radiating from eye;
lips dark; fins dusky; dorsal and anal with the first rays black; a pale
spot near base of caudal; axil of pectoral dusky. Green Turtle Cay, lia-
hauias; a single specimen known, 2^ inches in length, {hwres, one who
clings.)

(iohiesox hcBres, Jordan & Bollmax, I'roc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 552, Green Turtle Cay,
Bahamas. (Coll. Dr. Charles L. Edw.'ird.s.)

i '.;.

2678. OOBIESOX PUXCTULATUS (Poey).

Head very broad, 3 in total length with caudal. D. 9; A. 6. Color
brown, covered with black points; 3 dark transverse bands; none on the
head. Teeth not described, the incisors probably entire. Length 38 mm.
Cuba (Foey); not seen by us. (pniictulatiis, speckled.)

Sicyases punctulatus, Poev, Eniimeratio, 124, 1875, Havana.

2079. OOBIESOX FASCIATUS (Peters).

D. 7; A. 7; head and body wifh alternate dark green and yellowish cross
bands. Comineneeinent of dorsal befoni that of anal, its distance from
caudal equal to length of its base. Type, 50 mm. long. (Pt^t(irs) ; not seen
by us; teeth not deBcri))ed. Puerto Cabello. {fasciatua, banded.)

Sicyanes- fasciatus, Petkks, MonatHber. J?erl. Acad. 1859,412, Puerto Cabello; GCnthek,
Cat., Ui,497, 1861; GuNTiiEH, Eislies Centr. Aincr., 390, 1809.

866. RIMJCOLA, Jordan & Evermann.
Rimicola, Jokdan & Evermann, Vtw. Cal. .\<*. Sci. 1896, 2;il {muscarum).

Tliis genus differs from Gohiemx mainly in the very slender body and
head. Head 3^^ to 4 in lengtli, its width less than its length; dorsal and
anal very short, of 4 to 6 rays each ; incisors entire ; a crescent-shaped
patcli of teeth in each jaw behind the large teeth; opercular spine weak
or obsolete; sucking disk small. Hpccics ol' small size; living below tide
marks, {rima, a crevice; rolo, I inhabit.)

a. Dorsal rayH 6; anal !>; ('olor yellowish, with a lirowii hiteral Imiid and nunicrons

l)rownish .spota. MISCAHUM, 2680.

aa. Dorsal rayn 4 ; anal f) ; <'.i)li)r uniform light green. kioenma.nni, 2681.

'2680. KIMU OI.V MI;N('ABU.M (MneU \ IMerson).

Head 3i in letigth; depth .SJ; D.6; A.n. Body elongate, slender, de-
pressed anteriorly, but verv narrow, slightly compressed ])osteriorly, the
greatest width of body immediately behind head. 7 in length. Head nar-
row, much depie.ssed, wider i>owterioily. Eye small, its diameter 2\ in
interorliital width, 5 in head. Maxillary reaching to tlie front of the eye,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 23.39

ifs length less than 3 in head. Teoth in nppor jaw conical, acnto, curved,
forming a crescent-shaped patch, those of the anterior row enlarged; in
the lower jaw an anterior row of ahout 5 broad, «^ntire incisors placed
nearly horizontally ; behind these a crescent-shaped patch of teeth, simi-
lar to those in the upper jaw, becoming canine-like laterally. No evident
opercular spine. Ventral disk longer than broad, its length 1^ in head
6i in length; distance from vent to front of anal 2i in the distance from
vent to disk; pectoral fin broad, short, 2^ in head; dorsal and anal fins
small, the anal slightly in advance; caudal fin rounded. Ground color,
in alcohol, light yellowish, paler below; above everywhere sparsely cov-
ered with distinct brownish-red spots about as large as pupil; a lateral
band of the same color begins on the front of the snont, where it joins the
one on the opposite side, extends through the eye across the opercle to
the caudal, becoming very indistinct jtosteriorly ; this lateral stripe is in
strong contrast with the uniform pale ventral surface. Coast of Cali-
fornia. Two specimens were dredged in Monterey Bay at a depth of about
10 fathoms. One of these, the type, is lA inches long. The second speci-
men (li^ inches long) has the dorsal spots confined to the top of the head
and nuchal region and the lateral stripe disaitpearing slightly behind
middle of body, and having the ventral surface marked ])08teriorly with
brownish-red spots like the spots on the dorsal surface, {muacarum, of
the Hies, from the fiy-speck markings.)

Oohiemix mutcarum, !Meek &. Pierson, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 571, with colored plate,
Monterey Bay. (Coll. S. E. Meek and Charles J. Pieraon. TypeinL. S. Jr. Dniv. Mus.)

2081. UmiCOLA EIGESMAXXI (Gilbert).

D. 4 ; A. .5. Head 3| in length ; depth about ^ head. Body very slender
and narrow, the width of head 4* in length ; width of body 0. Mouth Avide,
the distance between its angles A length of head, the maxillary scarcely
reaching vertical from front of orbit. Interorbital space wide, about i
head. Eye very small, about 3 in interorbital width. Teeth in upper
jaw conic, acute, in several series, the anterior in upper jaw enlarged;
teeth in lower jaw also in several series, tho.se of iVont row narrow incisors,
entire, with rounded or truncate edges; disk very small and narrow, its
width about ^ its length, the latter I3 in length of iiead. Fins all small,
the base of dor.sal '<■ length of head, less than free portion of caudal
peduncle; distance from origin of dorsal to base of caudal 3^ in length
bei'ore dorsal; distance from vent to front of anal fin l;' in its distance
from disk; caudal l)n)adly rounded, its length \', in head; pectoral som*'-
what pointed, about I head; loracoid plate small, about \ height «if pec-
toral and less than ^ its length. Color uniform light olive green, without
distinctive markings. Type, a single specimen, about 1 inch long, taken
at Point Loma, near San Diego, California. Other 8i)ecimen8 were taken
some years since at San Cristobal Hav bv Mr. Charles H. Townsend, and
were referred to as (rohiemx rhenHoilDti by Mrs. Eigenmann, Proc. U.S.Nat.
Mus. 1SH4, page ~t~>ii. (Named for Dr. ('arl H. Eigenmann.)

OohiiKcx eiiwnmanni, >\\\mvk\. I'roc. 1', S. Xat. ^f^ls. iMDit, 96, Point Loma, near San Dieg^o,
California. (ColLOiUwrt.)

II

^^!*l

' %k

2340 Bulletin ^7, Utiited States National Museum.

867. ARBACIOSA, Jordan & Evermann.

I

M

A rbaeiota, Jordan &. Evermann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, 290 (humeralit.)

This genus differs from Gohieaox chiefly in the character of the incisor
teeth of the lower jaw; these are strongly serrate, or tricuspid, making a
ragged cutting edge. Si/e small; dorsal and anal comparatively short;
head not very hroad, the jaws contracted; vertebra'- (in Arhaciosa zehra)
28. Some species provisionally referred to the section SicyaacH of Gohieaox
may prove to belong to Arhacioaa; small species, living in rock pools,
iimoug the sea urchins, by whose Hpines they are protected. This relation
o( Arhacioaa zebra with the Echiuoid Arhaoia ateUata is especially constant.
(Arbacia, n sea urchin.)
a. Anal tin long, about 10 rays; dorsal rays 11; teeth above in 1 series; color olivaceous.

RHESSODON, 2682.

aa. An.ll fin of 5 to 7 rays.

b. Dorsal tin of 8 or 9 rays; teeth in single series; color brownish, with red bars

and a large black humeral spot. humeralis, 2683.

bb. Dors.il fin of 7 rays; color greenish, with pale spots and numerous pale cross

bands; no red; body slender. kupestris, 2684.

bbb. Dorsal flu of G rays; color chiefly red.

c. General (lolor pinkish olivaceous, with some bright red; back with 5
reddish-brown or blackish bars. Upper teeth in more than 1 series.
Body comparatively slender, the depth nearly 8 in length.

ZKRHA, 2085.

cc. General color bright rosy red, black, with 1 to 3 faint dark bars. Upper

teeth nearly uniscrial. Body comparatively stout, the depth 5J in

length. EOS, 2686.

t Si

2682. ARBACIOSA RHESSODOX (Rosa Smith).

Head. 3J; depth Gi. D. 11; A. 10; eye 4 J in head, f in interorbital
space; A-entral disk 1^^ in head; pectoral 2; caudal 2f. Form much as in
Gohieaox mo'andriciia ; snout bluntly and evenly decurved; the greatest
height of the body across the pectoral lins; head broader than body but
less deep; maxillary extending to l)elow the eye; incisors of lower jaw
not much declined, each of them tricuspid, the central cusp longest ; teeth
of upper jaw conical, in an irregular series of 7 to 9; teeth in each jaw
in single series; opercular spine sharp; distance from vent to caudal 2'^
in length of body; dorsal a little longer than the afial, having its origin
in advance of the anal and terminating opposite it; caudal rounded.
Color dark olivaceous, usually with 3 broad yellowish cioss bands above,
the first across interorbital sp.'ico and cheek, the second very wide, across
back and front of dorsal fin, the third below middle of dors.il, some or
all of these sometimes wanting; a dark bar at base of caudal; belly yel-
lowish. Length 2i inches. Sim Diego to the northern part of tlie («nlf
of California; locally abinnhuit in rock pools, (fji^ddcj, to make ragged;
oSoifi, tootli.)

(lohifnox rhetsndon, RnsA Smith, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Alus. 1881, 140, San Diego, California;
Jordan A: Oii.ueim. Synopsis, 749, 1883; KosA Smith, Proc. U. H. Nat. Mus. 1883, 235.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. Ii3-41

2088. ARBAVIOSA HUMEllALIS ((.ilbert).

Head 3 to 3A; width of body 4J; width of head 3f ; eye very small, 3 iu
interorhital width. D. 8 or 9; A. 7, Body of uiodurate width, the head
not evenly rounded anteriorly, heconiing contracted opitosito eyes, the
snont forming a (piadrate projection heyond the protile, as seen fioni
above. T«>eth in a single series in each Jaw, the anterior narrow inci-
sors, trilobate at tij), the 2 posterior teeth on <>ach side strong, conical
canines, somewhat recurved; about 12 incisors in the upper jaw. Inter-
orT)ital space very wide, about equaling width of mouth, 2^^ to 2A in length
of head. Ventral disk about as wide as long, its length \\ in head. Oper-
cular spine large and strong, but not exposed. Distance from front of
dorsal to base of caudal 3 in length anterior to dorsal; base of dorsal \\
in head ; base of anal about eiiuals base of dorsal ; distance from vent
to front of anal half its distance from disk ; caudal broadly rounded, If in
head; ]»ectoral \ head, without distinct fold of skin across it. Ground-
color dark olive brownish, crossed by many carmine-red bars, these some-
Avhat broken anteriorly and al)Ove, to form reticulating lines, jiosteriorly
and on lower part of sides more regular and running obliquely down-
ward and backward; a conspicuous round humeral spot, larger than
eye, in life black with golden-green reflections; numerous streaks from eye
backward across cheek and opercles. (Gilbert.) Gulf of California;
abundant at Puerto Refugio (Angel Island); also known from La Paz.
{humeralis, pertaining to the shoulder, humerus.)

OobUsox humeralis, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 95, Puerto Refugio, GuH of

California. (Coll. Albatrost.)
Arbaciosa humeralis, Jokuan, Troc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 230, pi. 35.

2684. ARBACIOtSA BUPESTUIS (roey).

Head 4 in total length with caudal; depth 6; eye 4 in head; snout less
than eye. 1). 7; A. 7. Forehead little decurved; eyes well separated;
mouth small, with 1 row of compressed, close-set incisors with denticu-
lated edges, 6 on each side in each jaw; snout truueato, as seen from
above. Pectorals short, rounded. Dorsal and anal alike, oj>posed, highest
in front. Caudal rounded. Color greenish ash, each side with (5 large
oval spots, those behind touching ; sides with about a do>cen vertical bands
of straw yellow or whitish, these bands sometimes interrupted, forming
2 scries of points ; 2 small similar bands from the eye, another towanl tip
of snout; a brown pale-edged band between eyes; some white spots on
bides of head. Length lA inches. Coralreefsof Cuba; not rare. (Poey)r
not seen by us; said to be distinguished from other Cuban "ipecies by the
slender body and narrow head, {rupestris, living among rocks.)

(Iiihinox nipettris, PoBY, Meraorias, n, 283, 18(il, Cuba.

Sicyaeet rupettrit, Poey, Syiiopsia, 391, 1808; Poky, Eniimeratio, 124, 1875.

2085. ARBACIOSA ZEBRA (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head Uj in length; depth nearly H. D. G or 7; A. 5 or 6; vertolira- U-f-
17— ;28. Htuly compiiratively very long and narrow, tlie greatest width
about ! the total length. Head narrow, depressed, its width altout 4^

\>

' 1

iii ;.

2342 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

times ill length of body; eye small, its diameter abunt i interorbital
widtb; opeifuliir spino well developed; ventral disk nearly as long as
hcMid; month rather small, ant«Tior, maxillary reaching front of eye; inci-
sors of lower Jaw nearly horizontal, rather broad, 3-lobod at tip, the
middle cusp the longest; npper teeth nnieh smaller, the median ones
compressed, blnnt, close set, a little shorter than the lateral teeth and
with dentate edges, 1 or 2 series of small teeth close behind them; anal
beginning nnder middle of dorsal; the distance from insertion of dorsal
to bas*^ of eandal contained 3'i in length; pectoral I as long as head;
caudal truncate, with rounded angles. Back with 5 dark cross bars about
as wide as the interspaces, 3 of them in front of dorsal fin, the 2 anterior
much broader and more distinct than the others; these bars all dis-
tinct on back, fading on sides, Avhich are often vaguely clouded with
dark; the color of these dark bars varies from reddish brown to black,
and that of the interspaces from olivaceous to light ]»ink and bright rosti
red; top of head bright red, marbled with light slaty bluish; a black
blotch on opercle, and 2 very distinct black cross spots, 1 on each side of
median line, fornung the front of lirst dorsal bar; cheek sometimes with
2 or 3 i>ale bluish streaks; dorsal, pectoral, and caudal more or less shaded
with dusky; lower fins pale; usually a dark bar at base of caudal and
1 across middle of fin; shade of ground color extremely variable.* Very
abundant in the rockj'tide pools around Ma/atlan, hiding everywhere
under the numerous sea-urchins, especially Arbacia sIrUata, the protective
colorafcion of both being that of the CoraUina, which lines the rock pools.
Length 2 to 3 inches, {zebra, from the baiuled coloration.)

Gohienox zebra, Jordan & Gilbekt, I'roc. U. S. Nat, Miis. 1881, 359, Mazatlan, Mexico
(Typo, No. 2!)250. Coll. Gilberf) ; Jordan & Gildert, Bull. U. S. Fisli Comiii. 1882,
108 ; Jordan, Pnx'. (Jal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 499.

* Tlio followiii}; note on the variations is fnrnialied by Miss Susan B. Bristol:
"I find 4 specimens of this species which diller con.siderably from the typical form.
These may represent a distinct sjjecies, but at present wo are inclined to think that all
these foriiia are moditications of one species, Arhaciosa zebra. The followiuj; is a descrip-
tion of a specimen 1\ inches long, taken at .Mazati.an (No. 4166 in the L. S. Jr. Univ. Mu-
seum): Ileiid I!); depth 9. I). .I or 6; A. 6. Body slender, much depressed, compressed
posteriorly, till! jireatest width 4J in length. Head depressed, its width l|) in its length.
Eye very small, about H in interorbital width. Snout rather rounded, 3 J in head. <»j)er-
ciilar spine jiresent. Interorbital width 2;? in head. Ventral disk 11 in head ^loutli
small, the lower .jaw inftirior; outer teeth in botli Jaws serrate. Anal bejj;inniii}j at end
of the fir.Ht |> of dorsal. Distance from front of dorsal to base of caudal 1,\ in head. Cau-
dal terminate. Pectoral 2} in head. Color brifiht red, with very irregular yellow raot-
tlings on back and sides, light yellow below ; back with 4 irregular dark-red cross bars,
the posterior 3 of wliieh are wider than tiie interspaces; it of the cro.ss bars in front of the
dorsal tin, and the fourth on either side of the doisal; 2 conspicuous black spots about
i as large as eye, 1 on either side of median lin<^ on back aliove the pectorals a short
distance beiiinil their origin; snout ])laiii, dark red; pupil white; 2 yellow parallel
stripes extending from eye backward and downward, the second ending at a point about
i the distance from tij) of snout to end of opercle: dorsal, caudal, and anal tlusky ; ven-
trals and pectorals paler; a large red blotch at base of pectorals extending for a cousid-
eralile distance on the fin. Another specimen from Miizatlan, briglit red in color, al)out
J of an inch long (also in bottle No. 4166, L. S. Jr. Univ. Museum), ditl'ers from the preceding
form in tlio loll<)wiiig respects: In tlie greater depth, which is 6} in length, in the smallcr
ventral disk, wliich is IJ in head; in the more ])ointed sneuit; in the absence of the 2
black spots itbove i)ect()rals; and in having the 4 dark red bands on the back more dis-
tinctly marked. Two specimens from Guaymas, Moxi<o, 1 and IJ incites long. No. 92 in
the L. S. Jr. I'liiv. Museum, are chocolate brown in color, the shorter having on its havk,
including the bar at ba.se of cniidal, 7 dark brown cross bars and no dark spots above the
pectoral, while in the longer there are no cross bars but a dark brown spot about J as
large as the eye is pi'esent above the pectoral; also, in the longer one, the dorsal begins
at the end of first third of anal. The eye in the liirger spec^imens of zebra is larger than
in those 4 specimens, but some of the smaller specimeus aeciu to be iutoruiediatu in this
regard between the typicul form and these forms,"

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2343

2086. AltBACIOKA KOS (Jordan \- (^.ilbert).

Head 3; depth 5.^; eye moderate, lA in iuterorbital width, which is
about 3^ in head. D. 6; A. (i. Body comparatively short, stout, and nar-
row; the head ratlicr broad, but, like the body, much less depressed than
in (r. erythrops; width of liead less than its length, or IJji in body. Incisors
serrate or tricuspid. Pectorals about 4 in head ; v*'utral disk shorter than
head. Distance from base of caudal to front of dorsal 3,i in total length;
caudal truncate. Bright rosy r* a, sometimes dusky above with black
points; back with 1 to 3 faint dark bars; 3 dark lines downward and
backward from orbit, and usually 1 or 2 more on opercle; cauilal usually
with a reddish bar at liase and a dusky one toward tip; lins otherwise
nearly plain. Pacific coast of Mexico; abundant in rock pools about
Mazatlan in company with Arbaciosa zebra, hiding under sea-urchins,
<'spoeially with Jrftflda sfeHafrt. Length Ik inches. (;)(ug, sunrise; from
the red colors.)

Oobiexox eoi, Jordan & Gu>bert, rioc IT. S. Nat. Muh. 18H1, 300, Mazatlan, Mexico
(Coll. Gilbert. Type, No. 20247) ; Jordan \ Gilbert, Bull. U.S. Fish Cora. 1882, 108;
Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 499.

Group BLENNIODEA.
(Blennioiu Fishes.)

Body more or less elongate, naked or with scales, large or small; ven-
tral fins small, more or less advanced in position, often wanting, the num-
ber of soft rays always less than 5; hypt'reoraeoid perforate, tht> shoulder
girdle normally formed; skull not armed with spines; suborbital not
developed as a bony stay articulating with the preopercle; pseudobran-
chiai present; dorsal fin long, its anterior half, and sometimes the whole
fin, composed of spiiu's; anal long; tail homocercal, the caudal usually
rounded, rarely forked ; vertebra! numerous, especially in the arctic spe-
cies. A large group, with ill-delincnl boundaries, the more primitive forms
showing affinities with the Trachhioidea, Cirrhiddw, and other more tyi)ical
lishes, the extremes very aberrant and passing directly into the Ophidoidea,
and other forms lacking spines in the fins. We begin the series with the
least modified of the type, the CliniiKr, from ancestors of which group
the others have doubtless descended.

a. (!aiidal flu prcseut, sometimes uuited to dorsal and anal; dorsal spines connected by
membrane.
6. Gill openings not reduced to horizontal slits below the pectoral tins,
c. Teetli not developed as coarse molars.

d. Mouth not vertical. Blennud^, cc.

i/rf. Mouth nearly vertical; scales small or wanting; no lateral line; no
ventral flns; dorsal composed entirely of slender spines; gill
membranes attached to the isthmus; teeth strong.

CKYin'A( ANTHODID.*, CCI.

cc. Teetli develoi)ed as coarse molars on vomer, palatines, and sides of lower
Jaw ; dorsal of flexible spines only ; scales minute ; gill membranes
Joined to the isthmus; no ventral tins; air bladder present; no lateral
line. ANAUHiCHADiD.ai, ecu.

1 i

#

<^,

'^''^o.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

,.v

Kf^

^

1.0

1.1

1.25

■50 ■^~ ■■■

■^ liii 12.2

£[ 1^ 12.0

1.4

1^

6"

Fhotograpto

Sciences
Corporation

33 WIST MAIN STMIT

vvnSTill,N.Y. MStO

(716) •73-4503

■^

O^^^

2344 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

if.

66. Gill openiugs reduced to separate, narrow, nearly horizontal slitn below and in

front of the pectoral flu ; yeutrals amall ; dorsal tin long and low, anteriorly

of slender spines ; vertical tins connected. Cekualid^:, ociii.

aa. Caudal tin none, the tail tapering to a point; no ventral fins; no lateral line; scales

rudimentary; anterior part of dorsal of low free-hooked spines, the posterior

part of many '.lender soft rays; fecth in jaws only, closi; met in 1 row.

PTILICIITllYIUiK, CCIV.

n^^

s-

Family CC. BLENNIID^E.

(The Blenniks.)

Body oblrmg or elongate, nakert or covoied with moderate or small
scales which are cteuoid or cycloid; lateral Hue variously developed,
often wauting, often duplicated; mouth largo or small, the teeth various;
gill membranes free from isthmus or more or less attached to it; pseudo-
branchije present; ventrals jugular or subthoraeic, of 1 spine and 1 to 3
soft rays, often wanting ; dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, with or without
soft rays; anal fin long, similar to soft dorsal; caudal well developed.
Vertabrje in moderate or large number, 30 to 80. Carnivorous fishes of
moderate or small size, mostly living near the shore in the tropical and
temperate or arctic seas; most of them are carnivorous, the Clinina; so
far as known, ovoviviparous, the rest mostly oviparous. Genera, about
80 ; species, about 400 ; chiefiy of the rock pools and algae ; some species
in the lakes of Italy. Dr. Gill divides the tropical Blennies into 3 families,
CUnidw, Jilenniidce, and Chamopaidw. The first and second of these are
fairly well defined. The third is now heterogeneous, and Home of its mem-
bers are intermediate between the other two. The arctic Blennies he again
divides into Xiphidiidn', Cehedichthymn;, and Stichmdo', but the first and
last of these groups intergrade, the Xiphidiina; are modified Clinina; and
there are other forms as well entitled to separate rank as Cebedichthys.
It seems to us better to treat the group as a> single family with many
subfamilies. (Ulenniidw, GUnther, Cat., iil, 206-297.)

I. Tropical Ulenniea, with the vertebrsc mostly in moderate number, usually fewer than
45; lateral line usuaUy archetl high above tlie pectoral, if present; dorsal tin with soft
rays, at least 1 being present; anal spinos little developed; ventrals well develope<l,
usually I, 3.

a. Body scaly.
Clinin-*::
b. Lateral line present, arched anteriorly over the p«>ct«ral, becoming posteriorly
metlinu in pjsition, or else obsolete; species ovoviviparous.
e. Scales ctenoid, ^'ery rough, 35 to 40 in lateral line; dorsal divided into 3
tins ; no cirri above eye. £nnkanectK8, 868.

fc. Scales cycloid ; dorsal fin not divided into 3 fins,
d. Dorsal with 6 to 20 soft rays.

e. ShouldvT girdle with a amall upturned hook on itu inner edge.

/. Scales along lateral line anteriorly not enlarged; snout

sharp ; first 5 spines of dorsal more or less modified.

g. Caudal fin forked ; air bladder present; scales minute;

teeth in Jaws in more than 1 series, on vomer an''

palatines; first 5 dorsal spioes lengthered, and

partly separutud. Hbtkuustiuuu*, 869.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2345

gg. Caudal fln truncate; air bladder wanting; scales mi-
nuto ; teeth in jaws in more than 1 series ; teeth
on vomer, none on palatines: flidt 5 dorsal spines
lengthened and partly separated. Gibucnsia, 870.
ee. Shoulder girdle without upturned hook on its ianer odge above.
h. Maxillary greatly developed, reaching much beyond eye;
teeth on vomer and palatines; scales minute; soft dor-
sal long. Neuclihus, 871.
AA. Maxillary normal, not greatly expanded.

{. Anterior part of lateral line normally formed ; usual-
ly a cumh of filaments at the nape,
j. I'alatines without teeth ; scales moderate or small,
38 to liu in lateral line.
k. Teeth in jaws in 1 row only ; teeth usually
on vomer, none on palatines; usually a
comb of filaments at the nape.

Malacoctenos, 872.
kk. Teeth in jaws in more than 1 row, a band
of villiform teeth behind the others;
teeth on vomer, none on palatinei.

I. Body oblong, the depth 3^ to 4} in

length ; a filament above the eye.

Labbisohcs, 873.

II. Body elongate, the depth about 6 in

length; no filaments above the
eye. Mmerpes, 874.

jI;'. Palatines with teeth, those in jaws in more than
1 series; scales large, 30 to 37 in lateral line;
no nuchal filaments.
m. Head very broad, depressed ; soft dorsal of
about 20 rays. Gobioclincs, 875.

mmi. Head moderate, not depressed ; soft dor-
sal of about 8 rays. Starksia, 876.
ii. Anterior part of lateral line running on a series of
enlarged scales without visible pores; teeth in
more than 1 series in jaws; teeth on vomer and
front of palatines. Ckyptotrema, 877.

Ad. Dorsal with 1 short soft ray only; scales large; teeth in jaws in
more than 1 series ; teeth on vomer, none en palatines.
It. Dorsal fin more or less deeply notched behind the third spine.
0. First 3 spines of dorsa? very slender, close sot, forming •
separate ribbon-shaped fln, which is much higher than
any of the spines in the s(>cond dorsal; anal spines
rather high; body strongly compressed, the snout
very sharp. Exerpes, 878.

00. First 3 dorsal spines stifi', wide set, not remote from rest
of fln behind dorsal notch; anal spiues short; body
more elongate, the snout less acute,

Auchenopterus, 879.
nn. Dorsal fln continuous, not notched. Parajlinus, 880.

EMMNIINiB:

hh. Lateral line straight, close to the dorsal fin; scales small, cycloid; dorsal
notched, itM anterior half of slender spines ; no cirri on head ; ventrals thick-
ish, inserted slightly before pectorals; teeth in bands, the outer enlarged.

Emmnion, 881.

3030 70

J /Vi^

rf

f f

i

i
-,- j

• I:,

<t <

j

^

rwf^mm

8

i

J I li' :
■ t. 'Ji :

th

%

Cl > I

Ilk

1

2346 Btilletin //, United States National Museum.

aa. Body Hcnieless; species oviita'i ous, bo far as known.

p. Teeth comb-shaped, in a single row iu each jaw, behind which are sometimes
long canines ; vomer and palatines usually toothless ; lateral line usually
single, with a strong arch anteriorly; dorsal fin long, continuous, or di-
vided into 2 fins, the anterior portion composed of spines, which are stiflf or
flexible; anal fin long, usually witn 1 or 2 small spines; vontrals well-
developetl, jugular, of 2 or 3 rays.
n. Teeth all fixed, attached to the bone of the jaws and not movable.

r. Caudal fin lunate or forked ; teeth comi)rcsscd ; spines and soft rays
of dorsal indistinguishable.
». Ventral fina A'ery long, each of a spine and a soft ray.

Atopoclincs, 882.
St. Ventral fins not \ length of head, each with about 2 soft rays j
gill opening reduced to a small slit above pectoral.

RUNULA, 883.
BlenminjG :
TV. Caudal fln rounded ; teeth slender ; gill membranes not reduced to a
small slit.
(. Teeth all fixed, attached to the bone of the j&ws.

V. Gill membranes free from the isthmus, or at least form-
ing a distinct fold across it.
w. Jaws oneorbcith with a posterior fang-like canine,
much longer than the anterior teeth.

Ble.nnius, 884.
WW, Jaws without canines, the teeth all equal.

SCARTELLA, 88i.

vv. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus, the
gill openings restricted to the sides.
X. Jaws one or both with posterior f^ng-like canines .

Hyplkcrochilus, 886.
x%. Jaws without posterior canines; the teeth equal.
y. Three articulated ventral rays.

z. Mouth small, the maxillary extending
scarcely beyond front of eye; the
head decurved in pn^file.

Hypsoblennids, 887.

zz. Mouth large, the maxillary extending

beyond vertical from middle of

eye ; the head rather pointed in

profile. Chasmodes, 888.

j/.i/. Four articulated ventral rays.

HOMESTHES, 889.
S.M.ARIIN.*; :

qq. Teeth of front of jaws all movable, implanted on the skin of the lips.
a'. Vomer toothless.

6'. Jaws without posterior cacines; dorsal fln deeply notched.

SCAKTICHTHT8, 890.

hh'. Jaws one or both with posterior fang-like canines.

X. Dorsal fin continuous. Rupiscartes, 801

XX. Dorsal fln divided. Entomacrodus, 892

aa'. Vomer with a few teeth; posterior canines small.

Salariichthts, 893
pp. Teeth unequal, not comb-like; body oblong or elongate, more or less eel
shaped, naked, or rarely with rudimentary scales; supraocular flop
Bonietinies present. Gill membranes united, free from the isthmus
dorsal tin veiy long, sometimes divided into 2 fins; formed of flexible
spines which often pass gradually into soft rays ; anal fin long; ventral

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2347

flna thoracic or subjagnlar, usnally, not much, if any, before the pecto-
rals, composed of 2 soft rays each, the spine rudimentary ; caudal v;ell
developed, the dorsal and anal usually moie or less joined to it at base.

OPHlOnLENNIIN^:

c'. Jaws each with 4 strong hooked canines in front; a hooked posterior
canine below ; a cirrns above oyo and 1 above nostril ; bc.ly scale-
less ; caudal tin forl^ed; dorr 'I fin notched; body not eel-shaped;
dorsal and anal free from, caudal; ventrals small.

Ophioblennius, 894.

cc'. Jaws with numerous l<:.eth, not as above; caudal fin not forked.

EMBLEMABIINiE :

&'. Body not eel-shaped; dorsal and anal not joined to caudal; no
scales; no cirri; no lateral line; ventrals before pectorals;
teeth on palatines; caudal flu rounded.
c'. Dorsal fin very high, not notched, the spines passing grad-
ually into the soft rays ; jaws long, sharp at tip.

Emblemaria, 895.
dd'. Body elongate or eel-shaped; the dorsal and anal low, joined to
base of caudul.

CaffiNOPSIN^ :

/", Ventrals subjugular, more or less before pectorals; pala
tines with teeth ; jaws long and sharp.
g'. Jaws with strong teeth, not as above described; dor-
sal fin with its anterior half of flexible spinep, the
posterior half of soft rays, the former gradually
passing into t'..-^ latter; jaws long, pike-like;
ventrals inserted sliglitly before pectorals; anal
with 2 spines ; a villiform band of teeth in each
jaw behind anterior teeth.
h'. Vomer toothless. Dorsal rays about XVIII, 38;
anal II, 38. UniENOPsis, 896.

hh'. Vomer with a few teeth. Dorsal rays XVIII,

32; anal II, 30. Lucioblennics, 897.

Pholidichthyin^ :

ff'. Ventrals subthoracic, inserted below pectorals; teeth in

jaws uniserial; anal fin wi'hout spines.

i'. Dorsal fin continuous, ts spines indistinguishable

from the soft rays. PHOUDiCHTiiYis, 898.

iV, Dorsal divided into 2 fins, the anterior portion of 3

fiescible spines behind the nape.

PsEDNOBLENNIfS, 899.

II. Blennies arctic or subartic; the \<Ttebra; in large number, usually 50 or more; lat-
eral line various, usually median; dorsal fin usually without soft rays; scales small,
cycloid, rarely wanting.
/'. Gill openings not continued forward below, the mcnibraues broadly united, souie-
timeR joined to the isthmus; ventral fins small or obsolete; scales small, cycloid.
k'. Pectoral flns short or wanting, never pointed, and never more than \ head;
pyloric casca asually, but not always, obsolete.
!'. Body not covered with crosswise tubes at right angU's to the lateral line,
m'. Dorsal fln composed of spines only.

STATHMONOTINjK :

n'. Body scaleless ; ventrals moderately developed; anal spines 2;
no lateral line ; no pseudobranchiiD. Stat/monotdb, 900.
nn'. Body coveret'. with small smooth scales.

ClIIROLOPHINiE :

o'. Ventral flns well developed, of 1 spine and 3 rays; no
anal spines; top of head with many cirri; a row of
large pores above base of pectorals ; gill membranes
free from isthmus ; no pyloric caicu.

: |i ■ r J !

•■■■ \\

|>f

i

t:.

\ ,,

2348 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

i;

■id!

-St;

p'. Lateral line obsolete, ouly the row of pores being

present. Bryostgmma, 901.

00'. Ventral fins rudimentary or wanting, not more than

1 soft ray pre)>ent; dorsal spines all short and rigid.

Pholidin^:

q'. Lateral line obsolete.

r'. Gill membranes broadly united, free
from the isthmus; no pyloric cicca;
carnivorous.
*'. Anal fin with a liirge sheathed
spine ; vontrals wanting.
('. Anal spine very long, pen-
shaped, its anterior sur-
face cli.annelled ; pectoral
fins moderate.

Apodichthts, 902.
W. Anal spine moderate or small,
not pen-shaped, its ante-
rior edge convex, not
channelled,
u'. Pectoral flna very small;
anal spine moderate.
Xbrerpbs, 903.
ttu'. Pectoral fins wholly
wanting ; anal
spine small.

Ulvicola, 904.
M'. Anal fin with 2 small spines or
with none.
t)'. Ventral fins reduced to a
short spine, followed by
a rudimentary ray.
IV'. Caudal fin well de-
veloped.

Fholis, 905.
•mv)'. Caudal fin very nar-
row, the dorsal
and anal united
around the tajier-
ing tail.

GUNNELLOPS, 906.

vv'. Ventral fins entirely want-
ing ; caudal as in Pholis.

ASTKBNOPTEKYX, 907.

rr'. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus,
sometimes forming a fold across it;
no ventral fins; no anal spines;
top of head with tloahy crests;
pyloric ctcca present; body naked
anteriorly, with small scales po«i-
tci'iorly. Anoplarchus, 908.

XlPHlDIlNiF. :

(/'/'• Lateral lines several, each with many short
cross branches; pyloric oeca present;
gill membranes free from isthmus ; ven-
trals none; anal spines 2 or 3, small;
herbivorous.

^^\: if

,.,■., jf.. a-c.»,?),iatia»rf*(i;«ii i;'ii;ijijKft:^s>i-j «S;ji-,.

^Vri-

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2349

10'. Pectorals small but well developed,
much longer than eye.

XiPHISTES, 909,

WW'. Pectorals minute, not longer than

eye. XiPHiDiON, 910.

CEBEDICHTHTINjE :

mm'. Dornal fin with its posterior half composed of soft rays; gill mem-
branes broadly united, frne from isthmus; ventrals wanting ;
lateral line single, high ; pyloric cscca present ; herbivorous.

Cebedichtuys, 911.

DiCTTOSOMATINiB :

12'. Body covered with crosswise tubes at right angles with the lateral line
and forming a network with it.
X'. Dorsal fln of spines only; teeth strong; ventral fins present, well
developed; gill mombranea broadly united, free from the

isthmus. PLAaiOORAMMD8,912.

kV. Pectoral fins long and rounded or pointed, nearly as long as head ; dorsal tin
high ; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus ; no lateral
line ; species probably all herbivorous.
Opistjiocentrin^ :
y'. Ventral fins wanting.

z'. Dorsal with its posterior spines rigid and sharp; head scaly.

Opisthocentrus, 913.
zz'. Dorsal with its spines all flexible; head naked. Pholidapcs, 014.

PLECTOBRANCHINiE :

yy'. "Ventral tins well developed; dorsal spines all pungent; body greatly

elongate. Plectobranchus, 915.

jfj'. ftill openings continued forward below, the membranes separate or nearly so,

scarcely Joined to the isthmus ; i)ectorals and ventrals well developed ; dorsal

spines slender, pungent, the fin without soft rays ; herbivorous species.

LCMPENIN^ :

a". Lateral line obsolete or obscure; body greatly elongate.

6". Pectorals with the upper and middle rays shortened, shorter than lower;
teeth on vomer and palatines. Lepioclinus, 916.

66". Pectorals with the middle rays longest.

e". Lateral line not wholly obsolete, a series of distant pores along
sides; teeth on vomer and palatines. Foroclinus, 917.

CO". Lateral line obsolete, only a few small pores being traceable; no
teeth on vomer; palatine teeth small or wanting.

lumpenus, 918.

Stich^in.*! :

oa". Lateral lino present, single, double, or triple; body moderately elongate;

teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines.

d". Lateral line simple, one on each side of back. STiCHAins, 919.

dd". Lateral lines 2, or dividing into 2 on each side. Ulvauius, 920.

ddd". Lateral line forking, forming 3 on each side. Edmesoorahmds, 921.

868. ENNEANECTES, Jordan & Evermann.
Enneantetet, Jordan & Evermann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 501 (carminalU).

Body rather robust, covered with large, rough ctenoid scales; lateral
line almost obsolete; mouth moderate, the jaws e(|ual; no tentacle above
the eye or on nape; no hook on shoulder girdle; eye large; dorsal tin
divided into 3 tins, the tirst of 3 or 4 slender spines, the second of about
10, the soft doraal of about 7 rays; caudal rounded; anal tin long; pec-
toral long, the lower rays simple and thiclcened. Small tish of the rock

■itP-i

' i i

\.

i

■

2350 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

\h\

pools, closely allied to the Old World genus, Tripterygion, Risso, but dis-
tiuguisbed by the chubby body, short fins, and large, rough scales.
{kvvia, nine; vijurrfp, swimmer, there being 9 fins.)

2687. ENNEANECTES VARMIXALIS (Jordan & Gilbert) .

Head 3J; depth ii to 5i. D, III-XII, 9 (IV-X, 8 in the specimen before
us); A. II, 11 (misprinted II, 17) scales 33 to 40. Body rather stout,
heavy forward, rapidly tapering behind. Head short, the snout low and
rather pointed, the profile straight and steep from the snout to opposite
the front of the eyes, there forming an angle and extending backward
nearly in a straight line ; ey(!S very large, longer than snout, 3 in head,
high up, aud close together; mouth wide, the jaws subequal, the maxil-
lary extending backward to front of pupil ; teeth moderate, essentially
as in species of Labrisomus, those of the outer series enlarged; no evi-
dent cirri on the head ; scales on body of moderate size, ctenoid, the edges
strongly pectinate ; belly naked ; lateral line extending to opposite lust
ray of soft dorsal, ascending anteriorly, but without convex curve; dor-
sals 3, the first and second contiguous, the second and third well sepa-
rated ; first dorsal of 3 spines, the first of which is the highest and about
as long as diameter of eye; the second dorsal of higher and slenderer
spines, the anterior the highest, the longest about equaling greatest depth
of body ; soft dorsal shorter and a little lower than second spinous dorsal ;
caudal small ; anal long, beginning nearly under middle of spinous dorsal ;
pectoral long, longer than head, reaching much past front of anal; veu-
trals i length of head. Color light brownish, with 4 dark-brown cross
bars on sides, about as wide as the interspaces, which are marked with
more or less reddish and with some lighter spots ; belly pale ; space behind
pectoral dark; a dark bar downward and 1 forward from eye; first dorsal
mottled with darker, second and third dorsals nearly plain; a narrow,
dark bar at base of caudal and a broader one toward the tip, the fin some-
times entirely black; pectorals somewhat barred; lower fins plain. Ma-
zatlan, in tide pools; the types, 4 specimens, each about 1^ inches long.
Another from the same locality, since figured by Dr. Jordan, diifers some-
what in the count of the fin rays; but the very small size of the specimen
prevents us from being entirely sure of its correctness, (carmen, a hetchel,
from the rough scales.)

Tripterygium carwinate.JonDAN & Gilbert, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 362, Mazatlan.

(Tyi)e, No. 28118. Coll. Gilbert.)
Enneanectes carniinalU, Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 510, with plate of young example.

869. HETEROSTICHUS, Girard.

HeterosHchus, GiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1854, 143 (rostratus).

Body rather elongate, compressed, covered with very small, smooth
scales, those along lateral line not enlarged; head long and low, the snout
conic, produced, very acute; premaxillaries protractile ; mouth moderate,
terminal; each jaw with a row of conical teeth, behind which anteriorly
is a broad patch of villiform teeth; vomer and palatines with villiform,
teeth; gill rakers feeble ; gill membranes broadly united, free from the

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2351

isthmus; orbital cirri minute or wanting; cheeks Bcaly. Dorsal fin very
loufj;, the posterior rays soft, the 5 anterior spines wicler Jipart than the
rest and separated from them by a notch, the first and second spines lon^r-
est, rather flexible, the other spines stiff; caudal fin forked; ventrals I, 3;
pectorals moderate; lateral line simple, complete, abruptly curved behind
pectorals; air bladder present, large. Size large. Close to Gibbonaia,
from which the presence of the air bladder and the form of the caudal
separate it. {'f'repoi, dift"erent; drlxoi, rank; in allusion to the differen-
tiation of the anterior dorsal spines.)

2688. IIETEROSTICHUS ROSTRATUS, Girar.l.
(Eelpfish.)

Head 3.^ in body; depth 4^. D. V-XXXIII, 13; A. II, 34; eye 7 in head;
maxillary 2i; pectoral IJ; ventral 2i; first dorsal spine 4} ; highest ray of
soft dorsal 2| ; third anal ray 2^; caudal 2J. Body much compressed,
deepest anteriorly; head slender, compressed and pointed; lower jaw
strongly projecting, with thick lip; maxillary reaching pupil; width of
iuterorbital a little greater than eye; orbital cirrus minute, usually
entirely wanting; cheek and upper edge of opercle with small scales, rest
of bead naked. Origin of dorsal a little in front of the vertical from gill
opening; pectoral under third dorsal spine, reaching to below the eleventh
or twelfth ; ventrals insertt d in front of pectorals in distance equal to
length of snout, their tips reaching about i of their length beyond base
of the pectoral ; soft dorsal higher than spinous, ending slightly anterior
to the anal; caudal furcate, the middle rays f length of outer. Color
translucent, reddish brown, varying to blackish or olive, a series of large
irregular light spots along sides below lateral line, continuous with a dis-
tinct light bar from eye to edga of opercle, bordered with black above, a
similar spot on base of pectoral; an irregular line of large spots following
outline of body under dorsal and above anal ; a clear cut white streak from
dorsal to tip of snout and continued on lower lip, the hue and pattern of
color varying greatly; young examples most variegated ; a translucent
spot behind third dorsal spine, generally followed by similar spots for the
whole length of the fin. San Francisco to San Diego. The largest of the
Clinoid blennies, very abundant in the kelp, with which it agrees in colora-
tion. Here described from a specimen, 16 inches in length, from San
Francisco market, {rostratua, long-nosed.)

Hetcrostichus rostratui, Oirxkd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 143, San Diego, California
(Typo, No. 284. Coll. A. Cassidy) ; GiRARD, Vac. R. R. Surv., x, Fishes, 26, pi. 13, 1858;
GiiNTHER, Cat., 261, 1801 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 764, 1883.

870. GIBBONSIA, Cooper.

Oibbonsia, Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sol., ni, 1864, 109 (elegant).
Jilakea, Steindachnbr, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 148, 1870 {elegant).

Body less elongate and compressed, covered with minute cycloid scales,
those along lateral line not enlarged; lateral line complete, abruptly
decurved behind the pectoral; head somewhat pointed; snout unequal;
conical teeth on jawa and vomer, the teeth mostly in single series, except

■ it

■Is I

i I

i I

I n

n^i

2352 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

I fir

:« m:-

in front, where there is a narrow villiform hand ; no conspicnons posterior
canines ; maxillary not produced backward from angle of month ; a tentacle
above eye, none at nape ; gill membraneit united, free from the isthmus.
Shoulder girdle with an upturned hook on its inner edge as in Clinun.
Dorsal fin long and low, chiefly composed of spines, 5 of the anterior
spines different from the others, longer and set farther apart; anal fin low,
with 2 spines; ventral fins jugular, of 1 spine and 2 or 3 rays; caudal fin
truncate; branchiostegals 6; no air bladder; pyloric caica absent. Vivip-
arous. Pacific coast ; bright-colored fishes, inhabiting rock pools among
algic. This genus is very close to Clinua (type C. acuminatus, Cuvier &
Valenciennes), differing chiefly in the form of the dorsal fin and in the
pointed snout. In CJinua the first 3 dorsal spines are shorter than the
others. (Named for Dr. William Peters Gibbon.^, of Alameda, California,
who was one of the early naturalists in the California Academy of Sciences.)

a. Dorsal rays about V-XXXI, 10; anal raya about 11,26; Suft dorsal low; coloration
comparatively plain, the soft dorsal without pellucid area. evides, 2689.

aa. Dorsal re VH about V-XX VIII, 7; anal rays II, 24 ; soft dorsal high ; coloration more
or less highly yariegated ; soft dorsal with a large pellucid blotch posteriorly.

ELSGAMS, 2690.

2U80. GIBBOXSU EYIDES (Jordan & Gilbert).
(Kelpfish; SeiJokita.)

Head 4J ; depth 4^. D. V-XXX or XXXI, 10 or 11 ; A. II, 26 or 27. Body
elongate, compressed; head small, rather pointed; mouth quite small,
terminal, the maxillary about reaching pupil, 3^ in head; lower jaw pro-
jecting, vomer Avith teeth; no teeth on palatines; posterior teeth not
recurved ; eye moderate, shorter than snout, 5 to 6 in head ; a small supra-
ocular flap, not higher than pupil; nasal cirrus very small; first spine of
dorsal inserted over preopercle, its length more than i that of head, the
8ec(md nearl}^ equal; the third, fourth, and fifth progressively shorter;
the sixth about as long as the foarth; the seventh longer; the rest nearly
equal to the last, which is lower than the soft rays ; the soft dorsal lower
and more rounded than in G. eUgans, the longest ray 2* in head; pectorals
moderate, not reaching vent; ventrals moderate; scales very small,
smooth; head naked; no air bladder. Usual color of adult, translucent,
reddish or orange, nearly plain or with oblong dark clouds below middle
of sides anteriorly ; often scattered blackish spots on sides, irregularly
placed, forming a broken lateral band, most distii^ct in the young; a large
pellucid spot on the membrane behind third dorsal spine, sometimes some
small ones behind it; pectorals nearly plain; dorsal and anal plain, red-
dish, with a broad dusky shade distally; soft dorsal without pellucid
area; caudal plain; a dark streak backward from eye; young examples
often variegated, with light and dark shades of red, brown, and white,
sometimes with 6 to 8 dark cross bars, sometimes with 4 or 5 lengthwis<'
stripes alternating with paler ones, the hue varying exceedingly and
dependent on the surrronndings, but never so extravagantly spotted as in
Gibbonsia elegans. Length 9 inches. Coast of California south to Point Con-
cepcion ; abundant in the kelp, rarely in rock pools. Here described from
specimens from Monterey. (eveiS/fi, comely ; ev, well ; sido^t appearance. )

'W

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2353

Blakea eleyan*, Steindachner, lohtli. Boitriigo, v, 148, 1876, specimens from San Fran-
cisco; not Myxoiles eleijans, Cooi'kk.

Clinua evide*,* Jordan &, Gimirkt, Synopsis, 763, 1883; specimens from Monterey,
exclusive of part of synonymy ; nanio a Hubatituto for elegant, preocciii»ied iu Clinim.

2G90. OIBBOXSIA ELEUAXS (Cooper).

(Spotted T^elpfish.)

Head H; depth 4^. D. V-XXVIII,7; A. II, 24. Body rather strongly
compressed; head short, rather poiuted, month small, terminal, rather
obliqne, the maxillary barely reaching pupil, 3\ in head; lowor jaw pro-
jecting; teeth as in Gihhonaia evidea; eye rather large, 4^ in head, as long
as snont; a small fringed supraocular ilnp, as long as pupil; a slender
nasal cirrus; first dorsal spine 2| in head; fins as in G. evidea, the soft
dorsal shorter, higher, and less rounded, its longest ray 2^ in head; pec-
torals and ventrals moderate, about as in G. evidea; caudal fan-shaped on
a slender peduncle ; scales small and smooth ; head naked. Color brown
or red, agreeing with rocks or with Corallina, usually with eight irregular
darker cross bars extending on the dorsal and anal, sometimes nearly plain
brown; a dark spot probably always present behind head, and some, 1
or more, along lateral line posteriorly ; spinous dorsal with a pellucid spot ;
usually many pale and dark spots and freckles on head and fins ; pectoral
and caudal usually barred, but plain in specimens taken in the kelp
{Macrocyatia), these latter much less variegated than tide-pool specimens;
soft dorsal always with a large pellucid blotch posteriorly, this wanting
or obscure in G. evidea. Coast of southern California; abundant in rock
pools lined with Corallina from I'oiut Concepcion to Todos Santos; the
specimens hero described from Point Loma. Close to the preceding, but
smaller and more brightly colored, the lin rays fewer. These dirterences,
though small, seem to be constant; whether the 2 species overlap each
other in geographical range is not kuo^n. (elegana, elegant.)

Myxode* elegans, Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., iii, 1864, 109, San Diego and Santa Barbara.
Olinus ocellifer, t AFocquard, Bull. Soc. Pliilom. Paris 1886, 44, California.
Olinug evidet, llosA Smith, Proc. U. S. Kat. Mus. 1883, 235, specimens from Todos Santos ;
not of Jordan & Gilbert.

* The name evides may apparently he retained for this species, as the description of Jor-
dan & Gilbert (Synopsis, 763) is based entirely on Monterey specimens, typical of tliis wpe-
cies. It was intended, however, as a substitute for the name elegant, already used iu the
genus C'linus, to which these species were then referred.

t The following is a translation of the description of Clinus oeelli/er (Mocqnard);

Head4§; depth 4i. D.IH-XXX,8; A. II, 24; C.13; P. 12; V.I, 3. Body strongly com-
pressed, tapering rapidly behind. Eye a little longer tlian snout, 3} in head, twice inter-
orbital space; lower jaw a little longer tliau maxillary, reaching front of eye; a little
tentacle on anterior nostril, elongate, with 4 or 5 unequal l)ranches; a tentacle over eye.
Three first dorsal spines nearly double length of those which follow, and se]>arattid by 'an
interval equal to that wliich separates the first spine from the third; last dorsal spines
longer than those that precede and stronger tluin any .of the others; dors.il and caudal
well separated. Scales very saiull. Opposite fifth and sixth dorsal spines immediately
below lateral line is a lens-sliaped spot of brownish black with a dull border; a second
ocellus a little before the posterior extremity of tlie spinous dorsal ; this surrounded by a
pale brown circle iu 1 specimen; the sides also with 5 irregular bands of a paler brown
than that of the spots; tlie anterior is a little behind the corresponding spot; the pos-
terior opposite the third or fourth soft ray of the dorsal ; the jiosterior spot at the upper
extremity of tlie fourth band; otlier spots of the same color at the base of the dorsal on
the right of the caudal ; si<les with a longitudinal series of small wliite spots, not sur-
rounded by black circle ; other spots on t he anal in 0 transverse lines ; liirger spots on
siibopercle and about the Teiitrals. I'eetli on the vomer, none on the palatines. Coast
of Calilbmia. Two specimens, 93 mm. long. (Mocquard.)

mi

m

m

■P

i

■w

i -n

: \

■ lii

pr

2354 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Hfi

■1,

lii '

m

871. NEOCLINUS, Girard.

Neoclinui, CJirahd, U. S. Pac. R. U. Surv., x, Fish., 114, 1858 (blanchardi) ,
rterognathu/i," Oibakd, Pro<!. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185!), 57 (satiricu»).

Body compressed, rather elongate, covered with minute cycloid scales;
lateral lino present, incomplete, high anteriorly; head naked, the cheeks
tumid; upper Jaw protractile; maxillary greatly produced backward,
more than J length of head, reaching far beyond the eye; both jaws,
vomer, and palatines with stout, unequal, conical teeth in a single series,
besides which, in the front of the jaws, are smaller teeth; nasal and supra-
ocular region with fringed tentacles; gill membranes broadly united, free
from the isthmus; gill rakers weak. Dorsal lin long, scarcely emargi-
nate, its anterior j composed of slender, flexible spines, which are similar
to the soft rays, all of which are simple; anal long, its rays all simple;
ventrals moderate, I, 3; caudal lin distinct; pectorals rather broad,
rounded; no air bladder; no pyloric cicca. Pjicific coast, in shallow
water; remarkable for the great development of the maxillary, as in
OpMhognathiis and GilUvhthya. (j'e'oj, new; hXIvo^, Clinus.)

ITEOCLIXUS:

a. Maxillary long, but not reaching beyond head; membrane of jaws white,

ulanchardi, 2691.

PTKROGNATHUS (irTtpov, wing , v»''»''o?i J'l'W') :

aa. Maxillary inordinatplj' developed, reaching gill opening in the adult; maxillary
llap blackish, edged with bright yellow. satibicus, 2092.

Subgenus NEOCLINUS.

2691. \KOCLINUS BLANCHARDI, Girard.

Head 4 ; depth 5]j . D. XXIV, 17 ; A. II, 30 ; eye 5 in head ; maxillary vari-
able, about 1^; pectoral 2; caudal If to ?. Upper profile of head convex,
snout rather steep; jaws subequal; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines,
aubequal, canine-like ; eye set high in head, equal to length of snout. Males
with a long thick cirrus over front of middle of eye, twice as long as eye,
its end multifid, 3 or 4 short, slender ones behind it over posterior half of
eye; females with a much smalh'r cirrus in front, seldom as long as eye,
the posterior ones similar to those of male; both with a multifid flap at
anterior nostril ; maxillary never reaching past preopercle (in specimens
from 6 to 8 inches in length), not longer in males than in females. Head
naked; scales on body very small, somewhat embedded; no scales on fins;
origin of dorsal directly behind occiput, no notch between spinous and
soft dorsals ; the tips of last dorsal and anal rays reaching to base of cau-
dal fin ; pectorals broad, scarcely reaching to vent ; about i the length of
ventrals in front of base of pectoral. Color varying from dark red or

* " It is more than probable that had we been acquainted with this second species of
Neoclinua first, we would have been misled as to its real generical charact^^rs, and framed
a name in allusiim to the condition of the upper .jaw, such as Pterognathut, for example,
whi(;h would liave been most characteristic, tor that ui)per jaw is as truly winged as the
upper members of tlietlying s(|iiirrel8. We can not help thinking thatCuvier liinmelf
would not have coined tlie name of Opisthognathtm had he nn<l before him the species which
bears his name instead of that which he dedicated to Sonnerat. These two genera {O/iix-
thognathtia and Neeoclimia) will furnish one of the best themes to ichthyological studies,
as they exeni])lify the fact that specific characters may be developed to exaggeration, and
become more conspicuous than the generic cliaritcters themselves. " (G-irwra.)

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2355

plum color to olivo green; sides mottled and spotted with darker; a dark
spot, oi-ellated with yiillow, generally prosout hetweeu first and second
dorsal spines; dorsal Itliickish toward en<ls of rays; pectorals and anal
white in female, slightly dusky in male; unexposed portion of lower lip
entirely white; a yellow sjiot on base of caudal rays bidow and above.
Coast of California, from Monterey to Santa liarbara; not rare ; a remark-
able tish. Here described from specimens from G to 8 inches in length, from
Pacific Grove, California. We do not know what variation there may be
in maxilliiry and barbels in larger or smaller specimens. This species
differs from jV. aatirioua in having no second spot behind seventh spine of
dorsal ; in having that part of lower lip wliich is covered by the inaxillary
entirely white; barbels in male much ^onger; maxillary shorter; head
slightly shorter; and in having the pectorals and anal lighter. (Named
for its discoverer, Dr. S. B. Blanchard.)

Neoelinut blanchardi, Gibard, U. S. Pac. It. R. Surv., X, Fidh., 114, 1858, San Oiego (Type,
No.COl. Coll. Dr. S. B. Blanchard) i GCntheh, Cat, ui, 201), 1861; JORDAN & GU.1)Ert,
Synopais, 701, 1883.

Subgenus PTEROGNATHUS, Girard.

2092. NEOCLIXUS SATIRICUS, Girard.

Head 3i in body; depth 8. D. XVI, 17; A. 30; eye 5 in head; pectoral
2; caudal 2A. Head bluntish, convex in profile; snout steep; jaws sub-
e(|ual; unequal, small canines on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye about
e([ual to length of snout, interorbital flattish, about i eye in width; 3 or
I small barbels above eye, seldom as long as eye, the anterior one some-
times absent on one or both sides; cirri not diil'erentiated in the female ; a
nmltiiid flap on anterior nostril; maxillary always reaching past edge of
preopercle (in examples 6 to 9 inches in length), just past in females,
longer than head in males. Head naked, scales on body small, partly
embedded ; no scales on 11ns. Origin of dorsal directly behind occiput ; no
notch between spinous and soft dorsals ; pectorals in the larger examples
reaching to vent; last rays of dorsal and anal reaching base of caudal fin;
anterior half of ventrals in front of base of pectorals. Color in spirits,
reddish brown or olivo green, mottled and spotted with darker; a dark
spot ocellated with yellow between first and second dorsal spines, a simi-
lar one hetweeu seventh and ninth ; dorsal blackish, pectoral, anal and
ventrals varying from dusky to black, in no case light in our speci-
mens; a yellow spot sometimes present, below and above, on base of cau-
dal rays; the membrane connecting maxillary with lower jaw blackish,
broadly and abruptly edged with white (probably yellow in life). Coast
of California, from Monterey to Santa Bsirbara; a rare and most interest-
ing species. Here described from spi^cimens, 6 to 9 inches in length, from
Pacific Grove, California. Differing from N. blanchardi in length of maxil-
lary; slightly larger head; males without long cirri; a second spot on
dorsal; fins darker, and especially in having the membrane of lower lip
blackish, edged with white, {satiricua, satirical.)

Neoelinus iatiruitis, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1859, 57, Monterey, California, in
30 fathoms (Ci)ll. A. S. Taylor); GUnther, Cat., m., 260, 1861; JORDAN & Gilbert,
Syaopiia, 761, 1S88.

1 :

m

2356 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

872. MALACOCTENUS, Gill.

m

i[alaenetenus, 'tILL, Pfoc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila. I860, 103 (delalandi).

This genus is very close to Labribomus, differing in the dentition, the
teeth in the j&ws being in single series; vomer with a few teeth or with
none, none cu palatines. The form of the dorsal iin in some species is
different, there being usually a not^cli behind the fourth dorsal spine as
wolJl as at front of Hoft dorsal. Most of the species are not well known,
and perhaps more than 1 genus is here included. (juaXaHo?, soft; xvet?,
comb, in reference to the comb of filaments at the nape in the typical
species.)

a. Nape witbout filaments.

b. Orbital tentacle present.

e. D. XXI, 8; spinous dorsal not notched, the first rrys shortest; body elon-
gate; snout pointed ; scales Ur(;e, about 38. ocellatus, 2603.
ee. D. XX, 12; spinous dorsal tv^eakly notched ; body rather robust.

VAfiius, 2604.
bb. Orbital tentacle wanting; dorsal rays XXI, 11 ; spinous dorsal weakly notched ;
ventrals long. hacropus, 2695.

aa. Nape with a single tentacle. D. XVIII, 0; a tentacle above eye. luoubris, 2606.
aaa. Nape with a comb of slender tentar'es; spinous dorsal more or less notched
behind fourth or fifth spine,
d. Orbital tentacle present. D. XVm to XX, 11 or 12 vomer with teeth,
e. Scales 43 or 44.

/. Highest soft ray of dorsal 1 J in head ; dorsal without ocelli.

GILF.II, 2607.

ff. Soft rays of dorsal 1^ in head ; t'orsal fin with 2 large black ocelli ;

venti-al fins long, as long as head. bimacclatus, 2608.

ee. Scales 55; ventrals moderate, shorter than head. delalandi, 300S.

dd. Orbital t«ntacle wanting; (no vomerine teeth?). versicolor, 27C0.

aaaa. N'lchal and other filaments undescribed, a block ocellus on front of dorsal.

D. XX, 11 ; scales 46. biouttatus, 2701.

;«98. MALACOCTENIIS OCELLATUS (Steindachner).

Head 4 to 4i ; depth 5 to 5^. D. XXI, 8 ; A. II, 8 ; scales 38 ; eye 4^ to 5
in head; snout 5|; interorbital width 10. Body elongate; the snout
short; profile not steep; tentacle above eye very slender, none on nape.
Maxillary i long as head, reaching posterior margin of eye. Teeth on
jaws and vomer iu 1 row, none on palatines. Dorsal with a notch
between the spines and soft rays: spines all short, the longest not i
head, the anterior shortest; the longest soft r.^y 1^ in head; dorsal
slightly joined to base of caudal ; ventral and caudal each 1^ in head ;
pect<oral almost as long as head. Lateral line complete, strongly arched
anteriorly. Color brownish ; 8 pairs of narrow dark-brown cross bands
on the body, most distinct above, sometimes broken np into cross spots;
first membrane of the dorsal fin with black spot behind, sometimes a sim-
ilar one, oval and indigo, behind eye ; numerous sky-blue spots bordered
with darker on sides of h'tad and part of body ; anal pale violet, edged
'with white, sometimes Hpotted; caudal gray, with darker ^pots iu cross
XOWB. Bahama Islauds. Length 2 inches. (Steindachner.) Not seen by

"fij

Jordan and Everminn. — Fishes of North America. 2367

TIB. Perhaps not a moraber of this genus ; the large scales, entire spinous
dorsal, and short soft dorsal, indicating atliuities witli Starksia, which has,
however, a different dentition. It may prove to be the type of a distinct
genus, {ocellatua, witli eye-like spots.)

Clinus oeetlatus, Steindacbneu, Icbtb. Leitr., v, 182, 1876, Bahama Islarids.

1

* . ' 1

liijjflMjUM. ■

4 11

H^H^^Li

V

^'hwi

^^^Hi

1 ■

^Hl'

8604. HALAC'OCTENDS VARIDS (Poey).

Head 3J in total length; depth 4^. D. XX, 12 j A. 18; C. 14; pectoral Ijl
in head ; eye 3| in head, equal to snout. Mouth small ; maxillary reaching
opposite front of eye; profile prolonged; nostrils small, not tubular.
Teeth firm, in 1 row, the points sharj) and incurved; no teeth on vomer;
a tentacle over eye, none at the nape; head naked; body scaly; lat-
eral line short; dorsal beginning over middle of opercle, the spinous
part forming a sinuous curve; the spines firm; the first higher than the 4
which follow; the last low; the next to the last lower than the last; soft
dorsal higher than the spines; ventral rays apparently 2, the lasb one
deeply divided. Color clear yellowish ; the body spotted with black ; an
isolated spot at the end of the dorsal fin; vertical fins with all the rays
dotted with black ; pectoral pale, without specks. Length 52 mm. Cuba.
(Poey.) Not seen by us. (variits, variegated.)

Myxodet vurirta, FOET, Enumeratio, 132, pi. 5, f. 2, 1875, Havana. (Coll. Bafael Arango.)

2695. MALAC0CTENU8 MACF.0PU8 (Poey).

Head ii in total length with caudal; depth 5i^. D. XXI, 11; A. I, 20;
P. 17; eye | longer than snout, 3j- in head. Maxillary reaching front
of eye. Teeth in 1 scries, acute, not olosa-oet; none on the vomer or
palatines ; no cilia over the eye nor on the nape ; lateral line almost com-
plete; ventrals as long as the depth of the trunk; first dorsal spine long-
est, the others forming a weak curve. Color uniform metallic coppery
brown. Cuba (Poey); on« specimen 35 mm. long. The type of this
species examined by us in the Mus. Comp. Zool. It has scales 35 ; no hook
on the shouMer girdle, and apparently no teeth on vomer or palatines.
{jiiaxpoi, long; itovi, foot.)

Myxodes maeroput, Polt, Syncpsis, ni, 90, 1868, Havana. (Coll. Poey.)

260A. MALA€0CTENU8 LUGUBBI8 (Poey).

D. XVIII, 9; A. 20. Tentacle over eye; a filiform appendage on the
side of the neck. Ventral very long, extending much beyond the vent.
Dorsal fin with 2 depressions, the soft part short and vei'y high, the
first spine moderate. Color dark brown, witli oblique vertical bands and
brown pointet scattered over the head and trunk ; a black spot at the base
of the first 3 dorsal membranes; ventral entirely white. Cuba. One speci-
men 55 mm. long. ( Poey. ) Not seen by us. ( lugubrU, dismal, from the dark
color. )

Myxodei lugubrU, Poby, £numeratio, 131, 1875, Cuua. (CoU. Poey.)

S''*

■\ }

2368 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

■I \

'iM

1 !i-|;

2607. HALACOCTENUS OILLII (Steindachner) .

Heiid4i; depth 4^; eye 4 in bead; snout 3^; interorbital 6 in head. D.
XIX, 11 ; A. II, 17 ; P. 14 ; scales 43. Head i»ointed, conic anteriorly ; snout
longer than eye; a rather high tentacle above the eye, slender and split to
the base, numerous others on the side of the nape ; teeth not described.
First three dorsal spines wider apart than others, first longest; eighth
to tenth spines highest, \ bead: highest soft ray 1^ in head; dorsal
deeply notched. Body greenish gray, with brown spots or faint cross
bands; head and dorsal marbled with darker; ventrals white, the longest
ray a little longer than head, reaching anal ; anal edged with dark ; pec-
toral as loug as head. Barbados. Two specimens, the larger 2 inches
long. (Steindachner.) This species may be a Labriaomua. (Nctmed for
Dr. Theodore Gill.)

OUnus gillii, Steindachner, Ichth. Kotizen, vi, 46, 1867, Barbados.

2608. MALACOCTEXUS BIMACULATUS (Steindachner).

Head 41 ; depth 4^. D. XX, 10; A. II, 19; ventral 3; scales 44. Near to
M. delalandi, but the body deeper (said to be 5^ in the latter species, which
is not the case). Profile to snout steep; eye a littl« shorter than snout,
3i in head; jaws equal, each like the vomer with >. row of teeth; max-
illary reaching about to front of pupil. Interorbital space narrow, more
thkn i Avidth of eye ; a very slender, rather long, bifid tentacle above eye ;
tentacles on the nape, upper 1 almost as long as tentacle above eye.
Upper margin of dorsal weakly notched between first and fifth spines, more
deeply between spines and soft rays, the former as in M. delclandi; longest
soft rays 1^ in head; longest spines 2 in head; first 4 spines more widely
separated than the others ; pectoral and ventral as long as head ; caudal a
little shorter. Body brown, with dark-brown bauds and numerous black-
ish spots, only the cross bands on the head strongly marked ; tips of the
aiial rays whitish; above these a bluish violet streak; pectoral with 2
milk-white spots at baae ; a large black isolated spot at the base of the
first 4 dorsal spines, a second on the last 4 spines, extending on the body;
anal and caudal thickly spotted Avith brown. Small rocky islands to the
north of Cuba. (Steindachner.) Not seen by us; evidently close to Afal-
acovtenua delalandi, biit the scales larger, (bia, two; maculatua, spotted.)

Olinut bimeumlatus, Steindachner, Icbtb. Beitr., v, 180, 187G, small, rocky islands north
of Cuba.

h

m

2609. MALAVOCTENUS DELALANDI (Ciivier & Yalenciennen) .

Head 3^; depth 3i to 4^. U. IV-XVI, 11; A. II, 18; scales 55. Form
rather stout, compressed; snout not very short, rather pointed, the profile
gibbous above the eyes, thence declining straight to the ti|) of the snout;
mouth rather small, the maxillary reaching front of eye; teeth in a single
series in each jaw; vomer with a few teeth, none on palatines; eye large,
3^ in head, as long as snout ; small sleuder cirri abcve the eyes, and a i'ringe
of moderately long filaments at the nape rather longer than the orbital
cirri. Outline of spinous dorsal emarginate; first spine a little longer
than ej'e, the second, third, and fourth i»rogressively shortened, the

>ii. . ^^.:t.t.^"..

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2359

flftb again longer; the eighth to eleventh spines longest, thence gradually
decreasing to the next tu the last, which is much Hhorter than the last;
soft dorsal riiys considerably higher than the spines, tbe longest about \
length of head; anal long, not very high, the membrane deeply notched
between all but the last 6 rays, which are the highest. Pectorals % leugth
of head; ventrals as long as from snout to edge of preopercle. Belly
naked anteriorly ; the scales small, cycloid ; lateral line complete. Color
olivaceous, darker above, much mottled and speckled with clear dark
brown; sides with 5 distinct irregular dark-brown bars, extending from
base of dorsal to level of lower margin of pectoral, their lower edges con-
nected by a vague undulating llimgitudinal band; a blackish blotch on
occipital region, and black blotches on cheeks, opercles, and before base
of pectoral ; opercle with several narrow pinkish streaks ; head below
with narrow streaks formed by series ol' dark-brown spots; an interrupted
brown bar across lower jaw; belly unspotted; ver trals pale ; other fins all
barred with narrow scries of dark-brown dots; anal somewhat dusky.
Coast of Brazil and the west coast of Mexico ; common. Here described
from th<j types of Clinus zonifer. This is the most abundant denizen of
the rock pools around Mazatlan, with the single exception of Gohitts
aoporator, reaching a length of 3 to 5 inches. We are unable to separate
M. zonifer from Mazatlan from Bahia ^^xamplesof M. delalandi, and take our
account from specimens of the former. (Named for Delalande, who col-
lected for Cuvier in Brazil.)

Olinu* delalandii, Ccvikb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Foiss., xi, 378, 1836, Brazil (Coll.

DelalaiMle) ; GUnther, Cat., ni, 264, 1861.
Olinus zonifer, Jobdan & Gilbebt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1881, 361, Mazatlan. (Coll. C. H.

Gilbert.)
Glinut philipii, Lockinoton, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881, 114; not of Steindaohneh.
Labrisomus delalandi, Jokdan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1888, 333.

2700. MALACOCTENUS VERSICOLOR (Poey).

Head 3| ; depth 3f . D. XVIII, 12 ; A. 20. Body compressed ; head mod-
erate; snout prolonged; pectoral 1^ in head; ventral If; eye large, as
long as snout, 3^ in head; nostrils not tubular; mouth small; maxillaiy
not reaching so far as eye; teeth lirm, in 1 row, those above much larger
and slightly curved backward; 12 teeth above and 9 below on each
side [no teeth on vomer] ; no tentacle over eye; no anal papilla; a comb
of filiform tentacles on each side of the neck; head naked; body scaly;
lateral line short; dorsal with 2 depressions, the lirst spine higher than
the 4 which follow, tlie depressions much more marked than in M. vanua;
pectoral reaching beyond front of anal. Color yellowish brown; head,
trunk, and fins varied with vertical brown bands and large brown spots ;
veutrals yellowish. On the figure the 5 bauds behind the anal cross the
body and extend on the vertical fins. Cuba. One specimen known, 53 mm.
in length. (Poey.) Apparently very close to M. delalandi, but lacking
the orbital tentacle, and, according to Poey, vomerine teeth also, (verai-
eolor, variegated.)

Myxodei verncolor,* PoEV, Enunieratio, 131, pi. 6, f. 1, 1875, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)

* TliiH npeciefl and Its alflncs were referred by Poey to Myxode», a South American
genus allied to Clinus niid (JibbonHa, but ditt'eriug from the latter in its uniserial teeth.

■;«■■!:

w '

!•!

.1 ;

4 i?:i

2360 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

2701. HALACOCTEXUS BIflDTTATVS (Coi>o).

Dorsal XIX-1, 11; aualll, 16; The first dorsal spines the longest, last
spine longer than penultimate; length of head without opercular flap,
Z\ times in length (exclusive of caudal fin); eye a little less than \
length of head, f greater than iuoerorbital width; pectoral fin reaching
to fifth anal; scales large, 4-46-10 [cirri and teeth not described]. Pale
reddish brown, humeral red-veined; rufous speclvs on anterior part of
sides ; 7 subquadrate brown blotclies from nape to caudal fin, continued
with interruptions as lateral bands, the fourth near end of spinous dorsal
black; a black spot at base of membrane between first to third dorsal
spines; 2 small brown spots behind orbit, the posterior on operculum.
Length 2.25 inches. This species is well distinguished from Labrisoniua
nuchipinnis by the large scales, form of dorsal fin, coloration, etc. From
New Providence, Bahamas; Dr. H. C. Wood's collection. Also a very
small specimen from Dr. Bijgersma, St. Martins. (Cope.) Not seen by
us. (his, two; guttatua, spotted.)

Labrisomus biguttatus, Copb, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1873, 473, New Providence,
Bahama Islands. (Coll. Dr. H. C. Wood.)

873. LABRISOMUS,'' Swainson.

:yM

.iv'

14

' J

mmi

);.■:■ :,

.,1

[[ :

'I -,

Lahritomut, Swainson, Nat. Hidt. Class'n Fishes, 11, 277, 1839 (peetinifer).

Lepinoma, Dk Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 41, 1842 {cirrhoaum).

Labrosomut, Gill, amended spoiling.

t Blennioclinut, Gill, Proo. Ac. Kat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (braehyeephalut).

lAuehenionchtu (misprinted Anchenionchus), Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103

(variolosiit).
tOallielinus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Kat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 {geniguttatus).
? OphthalmolophuM, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 104 (latipinnis).

* ConceminK this genus and its affines, Dr. Gill remarks :

" Tlie name Labrogomus (or Labrisomut) was first published in 1839, in the second volume
of the ' Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles.' At tlie seventy-fifth page of
that volume, Swainson has divided the Cuvieran genus Clinus into 5 genera: Vlinu», of
wliich tlie Gliniu acuminnttu, Cu vier, is taken as tlie type ; Labriiomus with Glinua peetin-
ifer, Valent-iennes, as tvpc; Tripterygion, Kisso, Olinttrachtu, Keese, which is typifled by
Blenniut variabilis of Rafinesque, and Jilennophit, of which the Clinus angnillaris, Valen-
ciennoH Is the only true species. Of these genera, Clinus Swainson , and Clinitrachus Swain-
son, are distingiiislied by false (>r illusive characters, and cannot be regarded as distinct.
The otiiers are valid, but their characters require revision. The only claim to distinction
of the eeuus Labionomut given by Swainson, is founded on the strong, conic, and pointed
row of front teeth, behind which are villiform ones ; a thicker body than in Clinux, and the
'dorsal fln distinctly emarginate toward the caudal.' The genus resting on those charac-
ters alone is composed of very incongruous elements. To it are referred, at page 277 of
the second volume, the following species, all of which are described as species of Clinne
by Valenciennes: Labrosomut gobio, L. pectini/er, L. capillatui, L. delalandii, L. tin-
earit, L. variolotiis, L. penivianut, L. mierocirrhis, L. f guniguttatue, L. elegans, L. flit-
toreus and L. latipinnii. Of these species, not more than 3 can, with propriety, be regarded
as conveners, if the Labroaomus pectini/er Is taken as the type. These are Labroaomua
peetinifer, L. eapiilattia, and perhaps L. delalandii. The latter is more probably the repre-
sentative of a distinct genus. That genus isdistinguished from XabroMomus by the smaller
mouth, the presence of only 2 rays to the ventral fins, and perhaps by tlie undulating mar-
gin of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. It may be named Malaeoctenua, in allusion to
the peotininirm row of filaments. This genus is the nearest ally of Labroaomua. All the
others are very distinct. Xa6rMtomu«ao6toSwainson, is the type of quite a distinct genus,
whose characters consist of a broad, ffepressed head, with a very short muzzle, large ap-
proximated eyes, superciliarj' and nasal tentacles, 2 ventral rays, and a comparatively short
spinous dorsal . The genus may be calle<l Oobioelinua. The only species, Oobioclinua gohio,
is found ill the West Indies, and has but 18 dorsal spines. Lmrtaomua linearia Swainson
is synonymous with Clinua brachycephalua, Valenciennes. This, also, is the type of a

1^1

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2361

Body oblong, robust; head naked, short, compressed above; mouth
rather large, with a row of stout, bluntish teeth in front of each jaw,
behind which is a band of smaller teeth, broadest in lower jaw; teeth on
vomer, no teeth on palatines; a tentacle above the eye; sides of neck
with a tuft or series of fine filaments ; dorsal fin continuous, with numer-
ous slender spines and many soft rays, the spines not very unequal ; pec-
torals long; lateral line continuous; scales moderate or small, cycloid;
shoulder girdle without upturned hook-like process on its inner edge.
Intestinal canal short, shorter than body. The limits of this genus are
not well defined, and most of the nominal genera above named will proba-
bly be fonnd worthy of recognition. This genus differs from Clinu8
chiefly in the absence of the upturned spine-like processes on the inner
edge of the shoulder girdle. This process is found on Clinus acuminatus,
the type of the genus C/iMM«. (Labriia; drS/za, body.)

a. Scales moderate, about 70 iu lateral Hue (so far as known); soft dorsal with 11 to 13
rays.
b. Dorsal spines 16 ; anal rays 20 ; tentacles on nape. herminier, 2702.

bb. Dorsal spines 18; no teeth on palatines; first ray of dorsal not longest; or-
bital tentacle well developed ; nape with a conspicuous comb of fringes.
d. Vomer with a cluster of small teeth. nuchipinnis, 2703,

dd. Vomer with 3 to 5 largo blunt teeth arranged in the form of a A-

' XANTI, 2704.

bbb. Dorsal spines 20; teeth on palatines ( ?) ; first dorsal spine longest.

BUCCIFEBUS, 2705.

aa. Scales very small, about 110; a comb of fringes at nape; first dorsal spines low;
head with yellow spots. miceolepidotcs, 2706.

8702. LABBISOMUS HEKMIXIEB (Lo Suenr).

D.XVI, 11; A. 20; C. 14; P. 16; V.3. Body slender, compressed. Cilia
on nostrils, above the eye, and on the nape ; lips thick, concealing conical
teeth, behind each band of smaller teeth ; teeth also on the palate and
on the base of the gill arches. Scales rather large. Lateral line curved
from the pectoral, becoming straight thence to the tail. Color reddish
brown with numerous spots; a black spot at front of spinous dorsal.

distinct genns distinguished by its abbreviated and blenniform head, the profile being
very convex; by the villiform teeth, the absence of superciliary tentacles, the spinous
portion of the dorsal long, and the presence of only 2 rays to the ventral tins. The
name Blennioelintu is conferred on it; for the species, the specitio name of Valen-
ciennes must be retained. Labrisomus variolonus is distinguished by a large thick head,
with lateral eyes, short superciliary tentacles, and a small nuchnl one. The mouth is
large ; the teeth of the Jaws In an outer row strung and conical, behind which are villi-
form ones; those of the vomer and palate are villifonn, in 3 patches, 1 on the vomer and 1
on each palatine bone. The spinous portion of the dorsal is long, and the vcntrnls have
each 3 rays. The species thus characterized is the type of a new genus which may be
named Anehenionehus (misprint for Aiichfnionchvs). LabrUomut microeirrhit, L. ele-
(jatit and L.veruvianus are nearly related to Anehenionehus, and are from the same zoo-
logical province. Labrosomua f geniauttatun is distinguished from Anchenionehu$ by the
mure approximated eyes and by the disposition of the vomero-palatine teeth, as well as the
small si^e of the anterior row of maxillary teeth. The dorsal is moderately long, and each
of the ventrals has 3 rays. The mouth is comparatively small, and there are super-
ciliary, nasal, and nuchal tentacles. For this species the generic name Oalliclinrtt is
proposed. Labri$omui latxpinnia is related to Blfnnioclimu, bnt is distinguished from the
species of that genus bv the presence of superciliary tentacles.' The g.tneric name of
Ophthdlmolophu* may be retained for it." (Proo. Ao. ]Nat Soi. Phila. 1860, 102, 103.)

3030 71

■ill"

.;.;!

i:|

'i

.'^ ■■

1^^

I
f^

2362 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

St. Bartholomew, West Indies; known from one specimen taken among
madreporic rocks. (Le Sueur.) Not recogni/ed by any recent author;
perhaps not distinct from L. nuchipinnia.

Jilennius herminier, Lb Sueuh, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 361, St. Bartholomew.
Olinus hermineri, Cdvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poias., xi, 380, 1836.

"tii

'i:t

il

m
■'1

'I !;;>»;

H '''"1

ill

8703. LABRI80MU8 NUCHIPINNIS (Qaoy & Gaimard).

Head3J; depth 3*. D. XVIII, 12; A. II, 17; scal;!8 70. Body oblong,
rather robust ; head naked, thick, short, not very obtuse anteriorly, com-
pressed above; mouth rather large, the maxillaries not prolonged back-
ward, extending to opposite the posterior part of eye, 2| in bead; teeth on
vomer and palatines; front teeth of jaws conic, strong, behind them a
band of villiform teeth, broadest in lower jaw; vomer with a patch of
smallish teeth; eyes large; interorbital space very narrow; each side of
neck with a long series of hair-like filaments, nearly as long as eye ; orbital
tentacle short and broad, multifid; nostril with a tufted barbel; lower
jaw slightly projecting, its posterior teeth sometimes recurved; pectorals
a little shorter than head, reaching vent. Dorsal spines rather slender,
the 3 anterior spines scarcely shorter than the others, all the spines lower
than the soft rays; dorsal 6n commencing near the nape, the spinous por-
tion long ; soft rays higher than the spines ; caudal small ; pectorals rather
large; A-^entrals moderate; gill-mem1)rancs broadly united, free from the
isthmus ; lateral line complete, high anteriorly, then abruptly deourved ;
membranes of vertical tins scaly; scales not very small, cycloid. Reddish
brown, sometimes with vertical bands ; a black spot on opercle, which is
often edged with white ; cheeks and fins reticulate or dotted. Length 6
to 8 inches. West Indies, north to Florida Keys, south to Brazil; gener-
ally common in rock pools ; also recorded from the Canary Islands, {nuoha,
nape; pinna, fin.)

Clinus nuohipinnU, Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie et PhyBicienne, Zool., 255, 1824, Brazil
(Coll. M.Frcycinet & M. Gay) ; GISnthek, Cat., ill, 262, 1861 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Syn-
opsis, 762, 1883.

Olinus pectinifer, Cuvieu & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 374, 1836, Bahia.

LepUoma eirrhosum, De Kay, N. T. Fannii : Fishes, 41, 1842, Florida.

Clinus canariensis, Valenciennes, iu Webb & Berthelot, Poias. Ilea Canaries, 60, 17, f. 3,
Canary Islands.

Clinvs capillatut, Cuvier &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poias., xi, 377, 1836, Martinique.

Lahrotomut peutinifer, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 105.

LahrisomuM eapillatus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 107.

2704. LABB1S0NU8 XANTI, Gill.

Head 3^^ iu body; depth 3^. D. XVIII, 12; A. II, 18; scales 10-64
(pore8)-12 (from front of straight portion of lateral line to anal) ; eye 4^
in head, maxillary 2; highest dorsal spine 2g; pectoral 1|; caudal If.
Body not greatly elongate, compressed, anterior profile well rounded from
snout to nape; mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching to below mid-
dle of eye; teeth small; canine-like, growing gradually larger toward

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of A^orth America. 2363

front of upper jaw; side teeth on lower Jaw very small, abruptly enlarged
on front half of jaw; teeth on vomer A -shaped, in a single row, the onus
at the angles enlarged, 1 or 2 small ones between them at the sides; small
multitid dermal liaps at nape, over eye, and above nostril; interorbital
concave at the middle, # the diameter of eye; gill rakers small and short,

3 + 6 in number. First dorLial spine inserted behind eye a distance t'qual
to diameter of eye, about ,'; shorter than longest spine; soft dorsal the
higher; origin of anal midway between snout and base of caudal, not
running as far back as dorsal; pectoral reaching a little past front of
anal ; ventrals long and slender, inserted a little in front of pectorals,
their ends not rea<'hing vent; caudal rounded. Color in spirits, brownish
gray, with about 6 wide irregular cross bars which are darker toward
their edges, 2 black streaks running downward and backward from eye;
cheeks and opercles with many small light blue spots; spinous dorsal
mottled and spotted with darker, other fins with small irregular dark
lines running across the rays ; ventrals dusky ; tentacles on head black.
Described from a specimen 5 inches in length from La Paz, Lower Cali-
fornia. Pacific coast of Tropical America from Gulf of California to Pan-
ama; common in rock pools; representing on the Pacific coast the scarcely
difi'erent L. nuchipinnis. (Named for John Xantus.)

Labrotomiit xanti, Gilu Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1860, 107, Cerro Blanco (Type, Nos. 2334,
2335, 2478. Coll. J. Xautus) ; JORDAN & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1882. 3G8.

2705. LABRISOHUS BUCCIFERDS, Poey.

Head 3| in total length with caudal; depth 5. D. XX, 11 ; A. II, 19; eye

4 in head, a little longer than snout; anterior nostril with a little tube;
lower jaw longer; forehead convex, the snout short; mouth large, reaching
beyond middle of eye; a few filaments on nape and 1 above preopercle.
Teeth cardiform, the outer ones large; teeth on vomer (and palatines).
Body scaly. Lateral line complete. First ray of dorsal longest, the others
forming a convex curve up to the 19, which is shortest ; pectoral moderate,
of 12 rays, the lower thickened. Color brownish yellow, with vertical
brown points extending on fins; a series of pale points along .^tdes; the
head gray, cheek dark brown. One specimen 55 mm. long. Cuba. (Poey.)
Not seen by us. {bucca, cheek; fero, I bear).

Labritomu* hueeiferus, Poey, Synopsis, 399, 1868, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)

2706. LABBISOMUS MICBOLEPIDOTUS, Poey.

Length of head equal to depth; pectoral If in head; eye 1^ in snout, 4^
in head. Maxillary reaching to base of middle of eye, 2^ in head. Mouth
oblique, with strong teeth; the lower jaw the longer; small fringe of ten-
tacles at anterior nostril above eye, and a comb of fringes at the nape.
First 3 dorsal spines subequal, considerably lower than the second 3,
which become progressively longer. Scales in lateral line about 110.
Head brown, with small yellow spots scattered over its lower part and on
the gill membranes. Pectoral and caudal with some black points. Cuba.

i

1

■1

■'■■!>

I-

2304 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

■I

% r'(

i i:^'^:

(Poey.) Known from an imperfect deacription^ with a drawing of the
head of a specimen 180 mm. long, {jutxpoi, small; XeirtScoro?, scaly.)

Labrosomtu mierolepidoUu, Foey, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Kiit., xix, 1880, 246, 1, 8, f. 2, Cuba.
(Coll. Poey.)

874. MNIERPES, Jordan <& Evermann.

Mnierpet, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fislies, 468, 1896 {macroeephultm).

This genus is close to Labrisomua, from which it differs chiefly in the
very elongate body and in the absence of an orbital tentacle. The dorsul
spines are more numerous, and probably the vertebroi also. The lips are
thick and there is no trace of hook on the shoulder girdle. A baud of
fillitorm teeth in the jaws behind the anterior series; teeth on vomer, none
on palatines, {ju v lov, mosa; f/s^r^g, creeper.)

2707. MNIEBPE8 HACB0CEPHALV8 (Giinther).

Head 4^; depth 6 to 6J (7i in total). D. XXII, 12; A. II, 24; C. 13; P.
13; V. I, 3; scales about 70. The head is depressed, rather short, nearly
as broad as long; crown of the head broad and flat; iuterorbital space
concave, narrower than the orbit. Snout very short, obtuse, rounded; the
maxillary not extending to behind the posterior margin of the orbit; lips
thick. Teeth in jaws forming a band with an Outer series of stronger
ones; vomerine teeth in a narrow band; palatine teeth none. No orbital
tentacles, those at the nostril and on the neck very small. Gill openings
wide, the gill membranes being united at the throat. Head naked;
scales on the body not very small, cycloid. Dorsal tin commencing at
occiput, and terminating near base of caudal, the spines flexible, and
much lower tl an the soft rays ; the 3 anterior ones rather more remote
from one another than the following; none of the rays of this or of the
other fius branched; caudal rounded; anal higher posteriorly than ante,
riorly, about as high as the spinous dorsal ; pectorals rounded, with the
middle rays longest, shorter than the head; ventrals j ugular, i as long as
the pectoral, with the spine and the outer ray enveloped in a common
thick membrane. Dark grayish olive; head and fins blackish; head, base
of the pectoral, anterior part of the body, and dorsal dotted with white.
Pacific coast of Central America. (Giinther.) Known from a few speci-
mens from Panama. Those examined by us (Mns. Comp. Zool.^t have the
sides much freckled and mottled with pale, {/iianpo's, long; »e0a/l77, head.)

Clinut macroeephahts, GCntuer, Cat., hi, 267, 1861, Pacific coast of Central America

(Coll. Capt. John M. Dow) ; GOnther, i'ish. Centr. Aroer., 442, pi. 69, fig. 2, 1869.
Labrotomut macrocephalus, Jordan, I'roc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 389.

875. GOBIOCLINUS, Gill.
Oobioclinut, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 102 (gobio).

Body robust; head broad, depressed, with a very short muzzle. Eyes
large, approximated, close together; palatine teeth present; a tentacle
above eye; no nuchal filaments. Scales vary large, about 30 in the lateral

iairJiL*jL'^;!^jci;-

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2365

Ji,.<

line. Spinous dorsal of 18 spines. This genus seems to diiTor from Lah-
risomua in the large scales, differently formtul head, and in the absence of
nuchal filaments, (^robt'o, the gudgeon; Clinus.)

2708. 00BI0CL1NU8 flOBIO (Cuvior & Valoncionncs).

Head 3^ in total length; depth ih D. XVIII, 19; A. II, 17; C. 15; P.
14 ; V. 2 ; scales 30-10. Head nearly as broad as long, its height a third
less. Eye large, 2^ in head, twice interorbital space; a very small tentacle
over the eye, another on the nostril. Profile rounded between the eyes,
descending vertically to the snout, which is very short. Cheeks inflated;
the skull a little rough. Mouth reaching to opposite middle of eye, some-
what black; teeth small, conic, and pointed; upper jaw with 26 equal
teetli, the lower with 16, the last 2 larger and more curved; teeth on
vomer and palatines, simple, in 2 irregular rows; gill ^Membranes united,
free from isthmus. Body posteriorly compressed. Dortiiil slightly notched
between spines and soft rays of anal; pectorals equal to ventrals, 5 in
total length; caudal obtuse, 6 in total length. Lateral line disappearing
opposite tip of ventral. Color greenish, with traces of cloudy brownish;
the cross bands a deep brown, pointed at bdSe of caudal. Lesser Antilles.
Known from several specimens, one 2 inches in length. (Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes.) Not seen by us; apparently a strongly marked species. (Gobio,
the gudgeon, from its resemblance to Cottu8 gobio, the miller's thumb.)

Clinus gobio, CuviBH & Valenciennes, Hist. Kat. Poiss., xi, 395, 1830, Lesser Antilles.

(Coll. P16e.)
Oohioclinus gobio. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 102.

876. STARKSIA, Jordan & Evermann.
Starkaia, Johdan & Evermann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1898, 231 (eremnobatei).

This getius is related to Lahrisomua, differing in the large scales, the
presence of palatine teeth, the short soft dorsal fin, and the absence of
the comb of nuchal filaments. (Named for Mr Edwin Chapiu Starks. in
recognition of his work on the fishes of Western America.)

vcf

r

'r

' ;l

;

'

'5 i

■mi

2700. STABK8IA CBEMNOBATES (Gilbert).

Head 31 in length; depth 4f. D. XXI or XXII, 8; A. II, 19; scales 37.
In appearance resembling very strongly the species of the genus Auchen-
opierus. Body slender, snout sharp, the jaws equal; mouth wide, oblique,
the maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of orbit, 2^ in head.
Teeth small, villiform, forming a band in front of upper jaw, the outer
series enlarged ; in lower jaw a single series laterally, becoming double
in front ; similar teeth on vomer and palatines. Eye longer than snout,
4 in head; interorbital width less than diameter of pupil; opercle ter-
minating in an evenly convex process behind, without spinous points;
gill membranes broadly united, free from isthmus; no hook on inner edge
of shoulder girdle; nostrils with a flap; a single slender filament above
eye and 1 or more on each side of the nape. A slight notch between first

W\

1

ill,

wm^m

2366 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

and third dorsal HpineH au«l another between the eighteenth and twenty-
lirHt spinoH; the apinuH are low and Htrong, the higheMt equaling the snout
and A eye; Hoft rays higher, the longest equaling^ head; caudal short,
roiindetl, entirely free from dorsal and anal; anal similar to soft dorsal,
the first 2 rays spinous; ventrals inserted well in advance of pectorals,
each consisting of 1 spine and 2 soft rays, which ar«» Joined only at
base; pectorals pointed, the lower rays the longest, li in head. Scales
large, cycloid, the lateral line running high in front, descending to middle
of sides immediately behind pectorals, thence running straight to tail.
In the types, which are probably immature, the pores are not developed
on posterior part of body. Color in spirits, uniform light olivaceous, a
small dusky spot behind oibit and 1 below and behind it; opercle dusky.
In 1 specimen the rays of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal are finely barred
with dusky. (Gilbert.) Length 1^ inches. Gulf of California. Twospe-
cimens known, from AJbatroas Station 3001, in 71 fathoms. (Cremnohatea;
Hpt//iivofJa.rT/i, one that haunts rocks; a synonym of Auchenopterua.)

Labrotomuii crewnobates, Gilbekt, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. ]800, 100, Gulf of California.

(Coll. AWatrosi).
Slark/tia eremnobates, Jordan, Froc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1800, 231.

i

877. CRYPTOTREMA, Gilbert.

Oryptotrema, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 101 (eorallinum).

This genus ditiers from Labiisomua chiefly in the absence of nuchal fila-
ments and in the modified anterior portion of the lateral line, which runs
on a series of enlarged scales having no externally visible pores. {HpvTCroi,
concealed; Tpijua, pore.)

2710. CRTPTOTBEHA CORALLINUM, Gilbert.

Head 34 to 4 in length ; depth 5^, D. XXVII, 12; A. II, 27. Body elon-
gate, regularly tapering backward to caudal pedancle, whose depth equals
length of snout, which is sharp; mouth nearly horizontal; maxillary
reaching middle of eye or beyond, 2i to 2| in head; teeth strong, but
none of them enlarged, in a single series in jaws laterally, becoming
double anteriorly; teeth on vomer and in a small distinct patch on front
of palatines; eyes large, the interorbital space flat, nearly i diameter of
orbit; orbit slightly exceeding length of snout, 3^ in head; branchios-
te^al membranes broadly united, free from isthmus, the posterior edge on
vertical from preopercular margin; anterior nostril in a short tube, a
slender flap arising from its posterior margin ; a pair of simple slender
filaments arising from the upper edge of each orbit, 1 on each side of
nape, none others on head ; gill rakers very short and weak ; shoulder
girdle without hook on its inner edge. Scales rather large, cycloid, the
head alone naked; lateral line in its upper anterior portion witliont
externally visible tubes, its position shown by a series of enlarged scales
twice the size of the others; on these the tubes are wholly on the under
side, each opening anteriorly by a single pore under the edge of the pre-

'■Uh
HHMKb.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 23C7

cediug Hcale; anteriorly thu lateral lino rnus near tbu back and parallel
with it, bt-comin;^ Hiuldenly declined behind middle of trunk, thenue rnn-
nin}{ on middle of side; the obli(]ae portion of lateral line rests on about
7 scales, and the externally visible tubes of lateral line begin at this point;
posterior portion of lateral line contained 1^ to 1} in dorsal i)ortion;
scales of lateral line, 45 in dorsal portion, 7 in obli<iuo portion, and 18 in
posterior portion. A slight notch behind fourth dorsal spine, tiie second
and third spines slightly longer th:in those following, the first little longer
than the fourth, the longest spine about 2^ in head; first 2 anal rays
spinous, but weak and flexilde; last dorsal and anal rays not joined by
membrane to caudal peduncle, the depth of the latter equaling the length
of its free portion; ventrals long and narrow, nearly reaching vent in
males, consisting of 1 spine and 3 simple rays; pectorals with some of the
lower rays limgest, \\; in head; all of pectoral rays simple, 14 in number;
caudal fin truncate, 1« tu 1^ in head. Length 5 inches. Color dusk)
olive above, with irregular narrow longitudinal streaks of bright coral
red, and 7 round black blotches above middle of sides; reticulating red
lines and spots on top and sides of head and snout ; branchiostegal mem-
branes dusky in males; 2 red streaks on base of pectorals ; dorsal some-
what dusky, marked with lines of red spots ; caudal with 3 rather faint
cross bars; pectorals, vnntrals, and anal largely black in males, pale in
females; the red shades persistent in alcohol. Santa Barbara Islands.
Three specimens from Albatross Station 2945, in 30 fathoms. (Gilbert.)
{Corallina, a calcareous alga, among which it lives.)

Cryptotrema corallinum, GiLBFRT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mu8. 1800, 101, off Santa Barbara
Islands. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.)

878. EXERPES, Jordan & Evermann.

Exerpes, Jordan & Evermann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 232 (aaper).

Body slender, much compressed ; the snout long, sharp in profile ; first
dorsal ribbon-shaped, the 3 slender spines close together, inserted at the
nape, much in advance of the rest of the fin; ventrals very long and
slender. Otherwise as in Auchenopterua, the scales large, and but 1 soft
ray in the dorsal fin. (e^ao, without; Epitiji, creeper.)

8711. EXEBPES A8PEK (Jenkins & Evermaun).

Head 3 (3f in total); depth b\ (6J); eye 4^ in head; scales 6-43-7,
about 40 pores. D. III-XXV, 1; A. II, 20. Body compressed; head nar-
row, pointed; snout long, lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth a little
oblique, cleft moderate, maxillary not reaching nearly to vertical at front
of orbit. Teeth in 1 well-defined outer series and a broken inner one,
those in the outer series strongest and of pretty nnifox. size, short and
broad; vomerine teeth in a single patch; no palatine teeth. No tentacles
of any kind about the head. Profile nearly straight from snout to origin
of first dorsal, but very slightly arched from there to base of caudal fin.
Scales rather large, cycloid, abont 6 rows between origin of second dor-
sal and lateral line just behind its angle, and about 7 from there to mid-

.»■'■!

(%■

ivUfl!

M

, I

! '

n ;

I :!

■\\

1

1

■'I I

'; !l;.^'-

U4t

II

tf

2308 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

die of voutral Hiirface ; 9 rows from origin of second dorsal to upper limb
of oporcle ; entire head, opercles, iind lina nuked. Lateral line bngiuning
at upper limb of oporcle on a level with the pupil, almost exactly under
the middle of the first dorsal flu, und a little more than ^ the distance from
top of nape to the under side of the throat, arching gently for 7 or 8 scales,
leaving but 1 row of scales between it and thr first spines of the second
dorsal ; on tht^ ninth, tenth, and eleventh scales it bears slightly downward
until 2 r(»ws are left between it and the dorsal, then a sharp tarn is made
which puts it 4 scales further down, and ftom there it pursues a nearly
direct line to middle of base of caudal fin. Dorsal fins separate, the first
of 3 slender, very close-sot, flexible spines, their length about twice in
that of head, the fin ribbon-shaped; second dorsal separated from first
by a distance somewhat greater than diameter of eye, and composed of 25
rather stout, sharp spines and 1 terminal soft ray ; the first 3 are gradu-
ated, the first being contained 1 j^ times in distance between the 2 fins, the
second is about \ longer, and the third still a little longer; the remaining
22 are of approximately equal length, about equaling distance from origin
of first dorsal to that of second; the 1 soft ruy somewhat shorter than
spines, well separated from caudal by a space equal to that between dor-
sals; pectorals inserted under middle of space separating dorsals, com-
posed of 14 rays, equaling eye and snout in length, and reaching slightly
past origin of anal; ventral of 2 rays inserted directly under origin of
first dorsal and considerably in front of pectorals, which they somewhat
exceed in length, in some specimens reaching vent; anal fin beginning
slightly in front of posterior end of pectorals, a little lower than second
dorsal and reaching a trifle nearer to caudal fin ; first spine longer and more
slender than tlie first regular dorsal spine, while the second equals the
third dorsal In length. Caudal rounded, equaling in length the greatest
depth of fish. Coloration in alcohol, pale, pretty regularly covered with
very fine dark punctalations, thickest on back, palest below ; a large dark
opercular blotch, 2 similar postocular blotches, and usually a darkish bar
extends downward from eye ; upper half of preorbital region dark, outer
margin of jaws dark; breast and under parts of head pale, top of bead
and nape dark; first dorsal quite dark, almost black; second dorsal pale,
obscurely mottle(i with brown, which is disposed in about 5 indistinct
areas ; a large black ocellus upon the twelfth and thirteenth spines of sec-
ond dorsal, and a similar one upon the twenty-third and twenty-fourth
spines; each ocellus is surrounded by a narrow circle of white or pale
orange. In the 6 specimens before us there is a slight variation as to the
exact position of the 2 ocelli ; in 1 example the second ocellus extends
b"ck upon the twenty-fifth spine also, but in every case the twelfth and
teenth and the twenty-third and twenty-fourth are the spines which
i . c8t evidently loca^jo the spots ; pectorals and ventrals plain ; anal paler
than dorsal, sparsely covered with fine dark points, so grouped as to form
3 or 4 darker areas. Length 2-> inches. Gulf of California. Known from
6 specimens taken from masses of kelp hauled out by the seine from the
bay of Guaymas. (Jenkins & Evermann.) (<t«per, rough.)

Auehenopterui a$per, Jenkins 6c Evbbhann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1888, 164, Quaymas,
Mexico. (Type, No. 396^3. ColL Jenkins & Evemuum.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2369

879. AUCHBNOPTERUS, Giinther.

A%uihenopitru(i, ODnther, Cat., 111,275,1861 {monophthalmus).

OremnobaUt, OUntiiek, Proc. /ottl. Koc. Lond. 1801, 374 (monophthalmus). Riibstitnte for

Auehenopterut, regnrded an preo(;oupied on account of ita siinilarity to Atteheniptenu,

n KoaiiH of Siluridai.
Oorallieola, Jordan &. Everkiann, new Hubgenaa (marmorattu).

Body mnderately oloiigat*^, comproased, covered with rather largo, cy('h)id
scales; head Hhortish, naked, the snout rather pointed; cheeks full; mouth
moderate, with a band of conical teeth in the jaws and about 1 series on
the vomer, none on the palatines; lower jaw prominent; gill membranes
united, free from the isthmus; upper surface of head with tentacles.
Dorsal fin composed of stiff spines, with but s single soft ray, which is
lower than the spines ; first 3 spines more or less separatt^d from the others,
stiff and rather wider set, sometimes higher than the others ; anal fin low,
with 2 short spines; ventrals jugular, well developed; pectorals broad;
lateral line complete, strongly curved anteriorly. Warm seas. This genus
diflers from Criaticcpa in having but 1 soft ray in the dorsal fin, and in
the large scales, (at)^;)^, nap«!; nrepoy, hi\.)

GOIIAI.LICOLA {Corallut, coral; eolo, I inhabit) :
a. First 3 or 4 spines of dorsal forming a separate fln, being mach higher than any of
the spines in the posterior part of the flu ; snout rather acute.
b. Scales 3.1; dorsal with 1 ocellus, anal with none; a black cross bar at base of
caadal ; a yellow spot behind eye ; snout pointed. mioripinnis, 2712.

bb. Scales 87 or 38.

e. First dorsal spine longer than second ; dorsal witli 2 ocelli ; anal blackish ;
D. TV-XXIV, 1. ALTiVKLis, 2713.

ee. First dorsal spine shorter than second; snont slender, very acute; caudal
pale; dorsal with 2 ocelli, anal A'ith 1 ; D. III-XXII, 1.

MARHOBATUS, 2714.
AlTCHENOPTERUS :

aa. First 3 spines of dorsal scarcely forming a separate fin, none of them higher than
the posterior spines; snout not very acute; anal without ocellus,
d. Caudal fln pale, usually with a dark bar at its base; a notch between third
and fourth dorsal spines,
e. Dorsal spines about 31.

/. Scales 34 to 36; membrane of third spine joining fourth at its base;
dorsal and anal plain dusky. affinis, 2715.

//. Scales 38.

g. Membrane of third spine joining fourth slightly above its base.

MONOPBTHALHCS, 2716.

gg. Membrane of third spine joining fourth spine much above its

base. INTBOBIPINNI8, 2717.

ee. Dorsal spines about 28 ; membrane of third spine joining fourth above its

base; scales 38; body with distinct cross bars; dorsal with 1 ocellus.

FA8CIAXUS, 2718.

dd. Caudal fln black; body chiefly black; head mottled with whitish ; membrane

of third dorsal fin joining fourth near its suirmit, the fln not notched;

dorsal spines 30 ; dorsal with 2 ocelli. NOX, 2719.

Subgenus CORALLICOLA, Jordan & Evermann.

8712. AUCHENOPTEBUS NIGBIPINNIS (Steindachner).

Hoad 4; depth 5*. D. XXVIII, 1; A. II, 27; scales 33; eye 4i in head;
snout 4i, equal to interorbital space; snout pointed. Three first dorsal
spi'ies higher than the others aud further apart. A tentacld over eye.

i

^

■■•■; li

;;a

il

•t 1 8 (

2370 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

Scales of body uinch largest anterio^ ly ; lateral line arched. A deep black
spot with a white rinfj between the cwenty-8econ<l and twenty-fourth
spines; anal edged with white; black cross band at base of caudal with
silvery point at upper base of pectoral ; a diffuse yellowish spot below and
behind eye. Barbados. One specimen 1 inca and 7 lines long. (Stein-
dachner); not seen by us, (wtz/er, black; pinnia, fin.)

Glinus nigripinnit, Steindacuner, Ick.Notizen, vi, 46, 1867, Barbados.

i

if^

w

2718. AUCHENOPTEBUS ALTIVELIS (Lockington).

D. IV-XXIV, 1 ; A. 21 ; P. 13; C. 13 ; V. 2; scales 37. Body compressed,
greatest depth a little behind pectoral axil ; greatest thickness at gill cov-
ers; dorsal and abdominal profiles of similar curvature, decreasing regu-
hirly to the caudal fin ; profile of occiput and superorbital regions convex ;
snout .somewhat produced, ita upper outline slightly concave. Head 4 in
total length ; greatest depth a little less than length of heac^. ; caudal pe-
duncle about I of the greatest depth. Eye round, lateral, with a slight
direction upward, its diameter less than the lengti) of the snout; interor-
bital area nearly e(iual in width to the diameter of the eye, concave trans-
versely, upper orbital borders slightly raised. A sliort nasal tentacle
slightly anterior to tl.e front margin of the eye ; a large fimbriated tentncle
on each side of the first dorsal ray. Cleft of mouth oblique, the lower
jaw the longer; the posterior convex extremity ol the club-shaped maxil-
lary about vertical with the center of the pupil. Teeth of th». outer row
regular, sharp, incurved, the largest in front, gradually decrtasing iilong
the lateral portions of the jaws, and not extending much past the middle
of their length ; a narrow band of small teeth in the rear of the outer row ;
vomerine teeth present. Branchiost^gals 6; gill openings continuous,
membranes not attached to the isthmus. Distance from first ray of dorsal
to posterior margin of eye equal ti, length of snout; first 2 rays of dorsal
much developed, the first slightly the longer, and nearly equal in height
to the distance of its base ficu the tip of the upper jaw; third ray
about i the length of the firb*,; fo.'rth very r.hort; succeeding rays to the
twenty-sixth longer than the third, the last 3 somewhat decreasing. Anal
commencing under eleventh dorsal ray, coterminous with, and equal in
height to, the dorsal. Caudal with 13 simple jointed rays, the longest in
the center, posterior margin convex. Pectorals narrow, lanceolate, the
fifth and sixth rays longest and t the length of the head. Ventrals inserted
in advance of the pectorals. Lateral line with 37 simple pores, parallel
with dorsal outline t(» opposite the origin of the anal, where it is deflected
almost perpendicularly downward to the middle of the side of the body,
along which it continues to its termination. Scales rather large, about 10
in a transverse row in the central part of the body, their posterior margin
raeml)rana('eous; no scales on fins; a line of pores around the margin oV
the orbit, another along the posterior margin of the preoperculum, con-
nected with each other and with the lateral line by a line from the center
of the hinder border of the eye. Color in alcohol, bright pink above,
becoming dusky below; underside of head light oli«'aceous, lower lip

iT>:.j«.iK«jW.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2371

blackish; dorsal pink, dusky on its niargi/i, a black spot on the fourth
ray, and another on Hs hinder part upon the t wonty-fourth and twenty-
fifth rays, tlie latter spot extending on to the body ; membrane of anal
black; occipital tentacles black. La Paz, Lower California. A single
specimen, l^^^ inches long, dredged at a depth of 22 fathoms. (Lockington.)
(alius, high; velum, sail.)

Vremnohate$ altivelis, Lockinqton, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881, 116, L,a Paz, Lower Cal-
ifornia. (Coll.W.J.FiHher.)

i-'U, AUCHEXOPTERUS MARM0ItATU8 (Steimlachnor).

Head 3* to 3.i in body; depth 3^ to 3?,. D. III-XXII, 1; A. II, 19; scales
2-36-9 (28 or 29 anteriorly); eye 4: to 5 in head; iirst dorsal 1|; pectoral
1|. Body comparatively deep, compressed, the back somewhat arched;
head pointed ; mouth large, the maxillary extending to behind the eye, 2
in head; operclc with a sharp spine; jaws equal; teeth pointed, in narrow
bands, the outer larger; vomerine teeth in 1 row; supraocular tentacle
sma.ll, about as large as nuchal tentacle ; no nasal tentacle. Pectoral a
little shorter than head ; dorsals separate, the first dorsal higher than sec-
ond dorsal, the spines of which are about i hc^d. Color in life of varying
shades of olive gray or sand color, with a series of whitish blotches on
head and along sides ; markings on dorsal and anal whitish; 2 dark-blue
ocelli on dorsal and 1 on anal, these edged with orange and interiorly with
black ; ventrals, pectorals, and caudal whitish, baiTed Avith clear orange
red; first dorsal black at tip; a curved blackish line at base of caudal;
lower side of head yellowish brown, with whitish bands ; specimens from
coral reefs more spotted. Florida Keys to Cuba; common in the eelgrass
at Key West. Our specimens, 2 to 2^ inches long, taken at Key West and
Havana, {marmoratus, marbled.)

Cremnobates marmoratus, Steindachnkr, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 174, pi. 12, 1.6. 1876, a small
rocky island north of Cuba; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 962, 1883; Jordan &, Gii.
BERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142.

Subgenus AUCHENOPTERUS.
2715. AUCHENOPTERUS AFFINIS (Stei.idnchner).

Head 4; depth 4?. D. IlI-XXVII, 1; A. II, 19; V. I, 2; scales 33 to 35.
Form of A. inteiir\pinni»; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of
eye ; a fringed tentacle above eye and 1 on each side of occii)ut. First dor-
sal low, its longest (second) ray shorter than the highest of second dorsal;
membrane of third spine joining the fourth spine jast ubove its base; last
ray of second dorsal joined by membrane to bas'.^ of caudal. Dark
brown, paler than in A. nox, but darker and more unifoim than in Auchen-
opterus faHcialus; lower side of head pearly gray, thickly s])eckled with
darker; sides with .5 very faint darker cross bands; dorsal and anal 'lusky,
t.>e latter with a palet'dge; between the •eighteenth and twenty-second
dorsal spines a large dark spot ocellated with yellowish; «'audal yellowish
white, Avith darker cross streaks, a blackish band at its base; pectoral

TWj^P^iPJfjS^IWPpfS

2372 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

•:»

dnsky at base, its posterior half yellowisli; witli darker cross streaks ; ven-
tral similar; a wedge-shaped, whitish band extending backward from eye
to opercle. West Indies; recorded from Key West and St. Thomas.
H((re described from specimens from Key West, {affinis, related, — to A.
■monophlhalmua. )

Cremnobates afflnit, Stbindachnkb, Iclith. Beitrago, v, 178, 1876, St. Thomas ; Jordan,
Proc. n. S. Nat. Mua. 1884, 142 ; Jordan, Cat. Fishes N. A., 121, 1885.

2716. AUCHENOPTERUS MONOPHTHALMUS, Giintlier.

Head 3^; depth 4. D. III-XXVI, 1; A. II, 18; scales 2-32-9; eye 5 in
head; maxillary If; pectoral 1|; caudal IJ. Body compressed, deepest
at middle of pectorals; head moderately pointed, the upper profile
slightly and ovenly convex; mouth large, maxillary reaching past eye;
jaws Bubcqnal; teeth villiform, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines;
interorbital space flat, as wide as eye; a multiiUl dermal flap over poste-
rior edge of eye, and a smaller one on each side of nape ; head naked ;
body with rather large, regular scales; fins naked. Origin of dorsal over
edge of preopercle, the first 3 spines separated from rest of fin by a rather
deep notch, the membrane from third spine joining fourth spine at about
its middle; spines of posterior part of dorsal th^ highest; front of anal
midway between tip of snout and base of caudal, tips of last rays reach-
ing slightly beyond base of caudal and tips of last dorsal rays; pectorals
reaching front of anal ; A^entrals long and slender, inserted in front of base
of pectorals a distance equal to 1^ ej'e ; caudal rounded. Color light gray-
ish red or brown, with about 6 cross bars of darker brown, r»?nning up on
dorsal; between the bars are sc^utered milky white irregular spots; a
black spot, ocellated with white, on front of dorsal, a similar spot near
posterior end, sometimes duplicated ; narrow cross bars on anal; a dark
bar on base of caudal, and a dark blotch on base of pectoral. Here
described from specimens, a couple of inches in length, from La Paz, Lower
California. Gulf of California to Panama, abundant in rock pools, creep-
ing about among CoralHna; close to A. integripinnis, but the first dorsal
h'^her and more separate from rest of fin. {/loyoi, one; o0OaA//d?, eye,
from the dorsal ocellus. )

Atuhenopterus monophthalmus, GCnthkr, Cat. Fish., ni, 275, 1861, Panama; Jordan, Troo.

Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 501.
Cremnobates monophthalmus, GUnther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1861, 374; GUnther, Fish.

(>'entr. Amer., 44*?, pi. 60. fig. 1, 1809.

>'i:!f

2717. AU(;HEN0PTERIIS INTEQRIPINXIS (Rosa Smith).

Head 3^; depth 4J; eye 4 in head. D. III-XXVII, 1; A. II, 20; scales
2-36-9; pectoral 1^; caudal 1^^. Head stout, broad, conical; mouth little
oblique, maxillary reaching posterior margin of eye; eyes large; nasal,
supraocular and nuchal regions with fringed cirri, those at the nape ilap-
like. First and second dorsal spines low, a little higher tl.an the third,
which, in turn, is higher than the fourth and separated from it by an
interspace, the membrane between the third and fourth spines not deeply

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2373

emarginate, membrane from third spine attached to the lower f of fourth ;
anterior spiuus not forming a separate i^n; highest anterior spine not
higher than the highest of the posterior part of tin. Color dark brown,
variegated with different shades of brown and reddish ; about 5 indistinct
darlc cross bars ; a distinct ocellated black spot on posterior part of dor-
sal tin ; caudal fin abruptly translucent, speckled, a black bar at its base ;
base of pectorals violet, bordered with black, the rest of the fin check-
ered ; ventrals barred. Length 2^ inches. Coast of California and south-
ward to Todos Santos; abundant in rock pools among CoraUxna. Hero
described from a specimen, 1|^ inches in length, from San Cristobal, Lower

California. {i%itegeff entire; j^nna, fin.)

«
Cremnobates integripinnit, RosA Smith, Proc. TT. S. Nat Miis. 1880, 147, La Jolla, near San
Diego (Coll. Rosa Smith) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 764, 1883.

:i

'r ■<;

2718. AUCHEN0PTEBU8 FA8CIATU8 (Steindachner).

Head 4; depth 4 J. D. III-XXIV, 1; A. II, 18; scales 37. Body rather
slender, a little deeper than in .1. integrijnnnis, the snout leas acute than
in A. maitnoratuB. First dorsal spine rather higher than second and lower
than the spines of postericr part of fin; membrane of third spino joining
second dorsal at a point above its base, the two parts of the fin therefore
separated only by an emargination. Tentacle above eye slender, small ;
cirri on side of occiput bluish. In life, light pinkish brown, much mottled,
and with traces of 6 to 8 faint darker bars; head and its cirri above whit-
ish; 3 blackish spots behind eye, radiating from it, the lower one largest;
preopercle with 3 dark dots ; dorsal pale, with 9 blackish blotches, in the
next to the last of which is a large blue-black ocellus, edged with oiange;
anal with 5 dark blotches and no ocellus; a blackish bar across base of
caudal; rest of caudal and pale part of anal with dark dots; ventrals
whitish, barred with black; pectoral similar, its base with a whitish an^a,
which has a brown center, below which is a small black spot. Length 2
inches. Florida Straits ; north to Key West. Here described from speci-
mens from Key West, {faaciatus, banded.)

Oremnohateg fateiatus, Strindaciinbr, Iclith. lieitriigo, v, 176, 1876, Florida Straits ; Jor-
dan, Froo. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1884, 142; Jordan, Cat. Fiulies N. A., 121, 1886.

2710. AU€HEN0PTEBU8 NOX (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 3i^ ; depth 3g. D. III-XXVII ; A. II, 18 ; lateral line with 34 tubes.
Snout not very acute, the upper and lower profiles of head nearly evenly
convex; mouth large, maxillary reaching slightly beyond eye, ^ length of
head ; eye large, equaling length of snout, greater than interorbital width,
4 in head (to end of opercular spine); interorbital width 4| in head;
nasal, supraorbital, and occipital tentacles present, those on snout and
above the orbits simple, slender filaments, the latter about as longas diame-
ter of orbit, 1 of them dividtd to the base, the other simple; tho ten-
tacle on each side of nape a compressed slip of skin higher than wide, the
margin uneven, but not fringed. Anterior dorsal spines not much elevated.

m

mi
mil

ml

''!. f

r,
i '

2374 Bulletiyi //, United States National Museum,

uot higher than some of the posterior spines; the first and second spines
about e(iual, 2^ in head; the third spine shorter, about equal in length
to the fourth, from which it is separated by a wide membrane, which is,
however, uot at all notched; the spines thence increase in length toward
the last; caudal 1^ in head; pectorals reaching anal, nearly equaling
length of head ; ventrals not reaching vent, 1:^ in head. Scales large, 4
series above lateral line and 4 below. Color, body and iins uniform black-
ish brown ; a few small silvery-white specks on dorsal region, mostly along
base of dorsal liu; head and base of pectoral fin with light pink areas and
mottlings; snout pink above; nape with a pink cross bar; a dark streak
upward and backward from eye to nape; a light streak from eye back-
ward to opercle and 1 backward and downward; lower jaw mottled with
light and dark; a small round, black spot near base of dorsal between
twenty-third and twenty-fifth spines, and 1 between twenty-eighth and
thirtieth, both very faintly ocellated with lighter; slight whitish tips on
ventrals and lower edge of caudal. Key West; known from a single
specimen, If inches long, taken with the seine in alga; on a rocky bottom
at Key West. Its congeners, A. marmoratus, A. fasdatus, and A. affinia,
were found in the same waters, A. marvioratua being much the most abund-
ant of the 4, and reaching the largest size, {nox, night.)

Cremnobates nox, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 30, Key West. (Coll.
Jordan.)

88o. PARACLINUS, Mocquard.

Acantkoclinus, Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philoni. Paris 1885, 18 (eha^eri) ; name preoccup;ed.
ParacUnus, Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1886, 11 (chaperi).

Body elongate, compressed, covered with cycloid scales ; mouth large,
each jaw armed with an external row of conical teeth, with some teeth
behind; teeth on the palate; dorsal very long, continuous, composed
entirely of spines, anal with 2 spines ; ventrals jugular, with few rays ; ten-
tacles on head; gill opening very broad; 6 branchiostegals ; lateral line
interrupted. Evidently very close to Auchenopierus, from whif^h it may
be distinguished by the continuous dorsal fin, u character v hich needs
verification, {itapd, near; Clinua.)

S720. PAltACLINUS rHAPEUI, Mocquard.

Head4i; depth 4^. D. XXXI; A. II, 19; P.13; V. 2; scales 35. Body
elongate, very strongly compressed; eye large, equal to snout or inter-
orbital width; lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth obi i<iue, reaching
frout of eye: outer row of teeth strong, canine-like, slenderer and more
close set above, below diminishing rapidly in length, the bands of small
teeth limited to front of each jaw, a curved group of teeth on palate;
dorsal beginning over preopercle, not notched, composed entirely of stout
spines; anal equally long; ventrals very narrow, of 2 soft rays, well sepa-
rated, the inner slightly longer than outer; head with 3 pairs of ten-
tacles, 1 at the nape, tiliform, small, ^ as long as eye; the second below
the orbit, broadened at base, separated into 3 or 4 branches, progressi fely

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2375

longer from the inner outward, longer than eye ; nuchal filament a little
in front uf durHal, in form, ohlong, entire, laminated, a little broader at
itB free edge, f na long as eye; scales large, cycloid; lateral line inter-
rupted before front of anal, anterior part rounding over eye with only 2
rows of scales between it and the dorsal, posterior part median ; gill mem-
branes broadly united, free from isthmus. B. ly brownish yellow, fins
brown, the V)ase and the caudal darker. Jiay of Guanta, near Harcehma,
in Venezuela; 1 specimen, 33 nun. long to base of caudal. (Mocqunrd.t
Not seen by us. (Named for its collector, M. diaper.)

Acanthoclinu* ehaperi, Mocquakd, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1885, 10, Eay of Guanta, Vene-
zuela.
Paraclinus ehaperi, Mocquakd, Bull. Soc. Fhilom. Paris 1886, 41.

88i. EMM.IION, Jordan.

Emmnion, Jordan, in G.lbert. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 454 (brittolce).

Body elongate, covered with caducous, cycloid scales of small size; lat-
eral line straight, ending near base of last dorsal ray. Head moderate,
decurved anteriorly, without cirri; mouth moderate; teeth in jaws in
bands, tlit outer enlarged; no teeth on vomer or palatines ; dorsal notched,
its anterior f of flexible spines of moderate height; ventrals I, 3, the rays
thickish, the lin inserted slightly before pectorals; caudal free. Galap-
agos Islands, (ev, in; jui^/ui', sea moss, or alga.)

8721. EMMNION BRISTOL^, Jordan.

Head 5!f ; depth 7^. D. XXV, 13; A. I, 27; P. 13; V. I, 3; Br. 5; scales
3-50-11, the count not certain. Body slender, moderately compressed,
the dorsal profile forming a nearly straight line from occiput to first dorsal
ray, from thence descending very geutlj to base of caudal; ventral profile
about straight. Head broad, slightly convex above, its width li in its
length ; anterior pr4>file from first dorsal spine to a point above eye straight,
thence abruptly descending to tip of snout; mouth horizontal, the lo\.'er
Jaw included; maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of eyo,
about 2^^ in head. Teeth present on both jaws, canine-like; upper jaw
with 8 enlarged teeth in front, .".bout 2 or 3 series of much smaller teeth
behind tb*^se, only 1 series of which extends into posterior region of
mouth; lower jaw with a series of teeth in front and on sides which is
greatly enlarged in front; a patch of very small teeth behind the enlarged
front teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Premaxillary very pro-
tractile; snout blunt, 4|; in head; eyes large, round, placed close together,
3^ in head; interorbital region very narrow, less than pupil; nostrils
equal. Caudal peduncle 21^ in head; branchiostegal membranes deeply
united, free from isthmus; gills 4, a small slit behind the fourth; no
cirri above eyes, nor filaments on na])e; head naked, body covered with
cycloid scales, those on nape much smaller; belly naked. The scales on
the body are apparently caducous as all have fallen, but the points are
v^ry distinct and they seem to have been embedded on their anterior edge.

if

■,'M

tt^^i^Hffi

lldlfl|^HPk'

'.:->t

w

w

i

\

i

^

l:i!

m

;['

;^i'-uJL.

II?-!-

2376 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

as the aac-like fold of skin is prominent. Lateral liue siinplo, straight,
rnnniug from upper edge of gill opening to last ray of dorsal when it is
lost, not reaching the caudal; it is placed very high, and giadually
approaches the dorsal fin, from which it is separated only by a very small
distance. Dorsal extending from a point a short distance behind occiput
nearly to base of caudal, emarginate; laat spine shortest, about 2^ in first
soft ray, which is 2\ in head ; the longest spines about 3 in head, all the
spines slender and flexible. Anal extending from behind vent nearly to
base of caudal; similar to soft dorsal, its raj's lower. Yentrals well
developed with broad base, the rays thicki^h, inserted very slightly in
front of base of pectorals, 1^ in head, reaching f the distance to vent.
Caudal subtruncate. Pectorals reaching past vent, about as long as head.
Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Color in spirits, dark dull reddish-
brown, lighter below; head very dark; dorsals, pectorals, and caudal
blackish, pectorals and caudal with lighter blotches ; anal and ventrals
dusky, anal margined with darker. Length about 3 inches. Galapagos
Islands; one specimen known, evidently a rock-pool species. (Named for
Miss Susan Brown Bristol, of the department of zoology in Lolaud Stan-
ford Junior University.)

Emmnion brxstolce, Jordan, in Gilbebt, Proc. U. S. Kat. Mus. 1896, 454, pi. 55, flg. 1, Gala-
pagos Islands. (Coll. Albatross.)

882. ATOPOCLINUS, Vaillant.

m

1

' i
■ t

!
1

Atopoelinus, VAitLAur, Bull. Sci. Fhilom. Paris, serio 8, tome vi, 1894, 73 (ringetu).

Body elongate, subcylindrical, without visible scales. Head obtuse, the
snontshort, rounded ; mouth inferior, transverse, with compressed trenchant
teeth in each jaw, those above at least in a single row, solidly fastened to
the skeleton ; teeth on vomer and palatines uncertain. Dorsal continuous,
extending the whole length of the back, from the nape to the caudal i>edun-
cle, its rays mostly simple, only the posterior articulate ; anal occupying
nearly i the length, touching the caudal, which is, nevertheless, distinct;
caudal deeply forked ; ventrals distinctly jugular, very long, of a spine and
a ray; no tentacles; gill membranes apparently rounded at the isthmus.
Gulf of California; a singular genus evidently closely allied to Eunula.
(a ro;ro?, strange ; Clinua.)

8722. ATOPOVLIXUS BINOEXS, YaiUont.

Head 5; depth 7. D. 24; A. 18; P. 15; V.I, 1. Eye large, 7 in head;
interorbital space broad, 3 in head. Caudal a little longer than head.
Color clear chamois brown, the belly pale ; a brown band before the snout,
across the eye to the caudal, on which it extends ; a silvery stripe border-
ing this band above, and below for part of its length. Gulf of California.
(Vaillant) ; known from 1 specimen badly shriveled, 39 mm. in length.
(ringens, gaping.)

Atopoclinui ringens, Yallant, Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris, aerie 8, tome VI, No. 2, February 26,
1894, 74, Gulf of California. (Coll. L^on Diguet.)

*., --:.^. i-..xt:'

->-^Jrt -.^LV«i*,^L.Vl:■ ■

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2377

883. RUNULA, Jordan & liollman.

RunxiXa, Jobdan & Dollman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 171 (azaUa).

Body sleiidev, its back not elevated ; mouth Hmall, inferior, destitute of
canines; teeth fixed, upper largest; dorsal tin continuous, its spines and
soft rays indistinguishable, most of them articulate; caudal iin lunate;
gill openings reduced to a vertical slit in front of pectoral ; scales none.
This genus is remotely allied to the East Indian genus Petroakirtes, but has
the mouth and dentition different, and the caudal lin, unlike that of most
blennioid lishes, is forked. (Diminutive of runa, a dart or javelin.)

2723. RUNULA AZALEA, Jordan &. Bollman.

Head 4^; depth 6^. D. 42; A. 2»j or 27; V. I, 2. Body moderately
elongate, not much compressed; head rather long, its upper outlines
convex; snout short and very blunt; mouth entirely inferior, transverse,
each jaw provided with long, slender, close-set curved teeth; no evident
posterior canines; eye moderate, equal to snout and nearly equal to inter-
orbital width, 4 in head; no tentacles on head; gill membranes fully
united to the isthmus, the gill opening reduced to a vertical slit, its lower
edge opposite middle of base of pectoral; no scales; lateral line very
high, concurrent with the back; dorsal tin very low, continuous; the
feeble spines and soft rays indistinguishable, the fin beginning at occiput ;
anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal lunate behind, well separated from
dorsal and anal; pectorals small, rounded, about If in head; ventrals
short, before pectorals, about 2 in head. Color reddish brown, silvery
below, about 5 dusky cross shades; a dusky lateral streak; a black spet
surrounded by paler at base of caudal ; dorsal with about 6 black cross-
bars; anal with 4; other fins pale; lower half of head abruptly pale.
Galapagos Archipelago. The type, 2 inches long, taken at Indefatigable
Island ; 3 more specimens have since been obtained from the same island.
{d!^a\e'oi, parched', from the brown color.)

Runula azalea, Johdan &. Bollman, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 171, Indefatigable Island,
Galapagos Archipelago (Cull. Albatross); Jurdan, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 233, iil. 37.

884. BLENNIUS (Artcdi) Liumeus.

(Blknnies.)

Blennius, Ahtedi, Genera Piscinm, 27, 1738.

Blenniut, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 250, l7.''-8 UjaleHta),

Salaria, ForskAl, Descr. Anim., 22, 1777 {basiliscm).

Pholit, Flkmino, Brit. Anim., 207, 1828 (Iwrls-pholis) ; not PhnKs ScopoLi, 177V.

Adonis, Choxow, Cat. Fisli., Ed. Gray, 93, 1754 {i>avoninus = ocellaris).

Lipophrys, Gill, Auiericau Naturalist, June, 1896, 498 (pholU).

Body obloug, compressed, naked ; head short, the profile usually bluntly

rounded; month small, horizontal, with a single series of long, slender,

curved, close-set teeth in each jaw, besides which, in the lower jaw at

least, is a rather short and stout fang-like canine tooth on each side;

3030 72

i'i

■':i'l

■

"1

i

NH|

I

^H '

i

II

,

iffli]

HBI|is

■

l-

■\m.

i

1 ; i

* -.L

W''^:--

■ i,V

s

i«

l]

2378 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

premaxillaries not protractile; gili openings wide, extending forward
below, the membranes free from the isthmus, or at least forming a broad
fold across it. Dorsal fin entire, or more or less emarginate, the spines
slender; pectorals moderate; ventrals well developed, I, 3; no pylnric
oaica; lateral line developed anteriorly. Species numerous, lurking under
rocks and algie in most warm seas; some species in the lakes of northern
Italy. The European species in general are larger in size than ours, with
higher fins. (Blenniua, the ancient name, from fiXevva, slime.)

LiPOPHKYS (Aetirui, to disappear; 60PUS, eye-brow):
o. Supraorbital clrms wanting; snout not very blunt in profile.

b. Posterior canine present in eacli jaw ; dorsal slightlj' emarginate; D. XII, 18.

CAROLINUtf, 2724.
Blennius :
aa. Supraorbital cirrus present; profile of snout more or less blunt,
c. Canines strong, present in both Jaws; no nuclial cirri.
d. Dorsal rays XI or XII, 17 or 18.

e. Supraorbital cirrus bifid ; dorsal free from caudal.

/. Supraorbital cirrus aa long as head; dorsal emarginate; sides
spotted ; D. XI, 17. i ucokum, 2725.

//. Supraorbital cirrus as long as eye and snout; tiorsal contiuuouH;
color olivaceous, with dark bars; D. Xi, 18.

STGARNSI, 2726.

ee. Supraorbital cirrus bifid, nearly as long as head ; last ray of dorsal
Joined to caudal; sides with a network of blue lines; D. XII, 18.

FAVOSU8, 2727.

dd. Dorsal rays XII, 21 or 22 ; snjtraorbital cirrus long, fringed ; dorsal free
from caudal; cheeks with network of lines; body nearly plain.

PILICOKNIS, 2728.
ec. Canines short and stoutish, present in lower jaw only (undescribed in truncatu*
and in inarmoreus.)
g. Nape wit houtcin'us; snout abruptly decurved; body robust, marbled ; D.

XII, 20. MABMOREUS, 2729.

gg. Kape witli a cirrus oii each side.

h. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Nape with a filiform bifid tentacle
on each side; teeth undescribed; supraorbital tentacle simple;
color olive, with bright spots.

THUNCATU8, 2730.

hh. Dorsal and anal with the last ray largely joined by membrane to

caudal; nape with a small cirrus; posterior canint-s strong,

in lower jaw only ; dorsal not notched ; color uniform brown ;

D. XII, 1 3. VI NCTCS, 2731 .

ggg. Nape with a comb of many close-set cirri on a fleshy crest; lower

jaw only with short posterior canines; dorsal fin continuous, free

from caudal ; D. XII, 16 or 17. cristatub, 2732.

Subgenus LIPOPHRYS, Gill.

2724. BLEXXIU8 CAROLINUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

D. XII, 18; A. 17. Body rather long and slender, more elongate) than in
the European species, Jilmniua pholis, more compressed, the head Icmger;
maxillary extending to opposite middle of eye; teeth |^, with strong
canines on both jaws; gill membranes free from isthmus; no trace uf
tentacles above eye; dorsal spines slender, a little lower than the soft

^m

:{

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2379

rays, the fiu little emargiuate; doraal and anal not joined to the caudal.
Greenish, with 4 or 5 irregular dark spots or shades along the back;
dorsal with a large black spot in front ; anal brown-edged. South Caro-
lina. Only the original type in the museum at Paris known; from this
the present description was taken. No later collector has recognized
the species and it may not he American.

VholU earolintu, Cuvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss, xi, 278, IftiO, Carolina. (Coll.

M. Bosc.)
Blenniua carolinm, Jobdan & Gilbebt, Syuopsis, 780, 1883.

2725. BLENMUS FVCOBUM, Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Head 5 in total length. D. XI, 17 ; A. 18. Orbitial cirri nearly as long
as head, bifid at tip, and fringed at the base. Dorsal Hu slightly emar-
giuate, free from the caudal, the spines rather stiff. Head very short and
steep, its profile nearly vertical; 24 teeth in each jaw; each jaw with
very strong canines ; gill membranes free from the isthmus posteriorly.
Olive green, becoming darker above, with numerous brown spots on the
cheeks and sides of the body; below reddish ; dorsal with a large black
spot in front, behind which are smaller spots; spinous dorsal edged
with paler. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) Open ocean in floating Fiicua; the
type from near the Azores ; recorded by De Kay from the open sea, off
New York, in floating seaweed, {fucorum, of the seaweed, Fucua.)

Blenniu* /ueorum, Cuvibk & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 263, 1836, 340 miles south
of the Azores (Coll. Claude Gay) ; GOntheb, Cat., m, 217, 1861 ; De Kay, N. Y. Fauna:
Fishes, 149, pi. 22, fig. 66, 1842; JoBDAN & GiLBEBT, Synopsis, 710, 1883.

Blenniu* oceanieus,* Cuvieb <f& Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 265, 1836, open sea, ag°
N., 50° W.; on a di-awing by Claude Gay.

2726. BLEXMUS 8TEABXSI, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 3f (4| in total) ; depth 4| (5^^) ; eye 4i; snout 4^. D. XI, 18; A. II,
21. Body much elongate, compressed, tapering regularly behind ; anterior
nrotile moderately decurved; snout short and blunt; mouth large, oblique,
the jaws even; maxillary reaching slightly beyond middle of orbit, 2-^
times in head; teeth in the front of the jaws only, occupying ou each side
a space equal to | length of maxillary; teeth f^, the lateral one on each
sidp much enlarged and canine-like, rather short but strongly curved;
canine in upper jaw equaling about i diameter of pupil ; interorbital
space very jiarrow, not as wide as pupil ; upper posterior rim of orbit with
a long slender filaiuent, forked at base, its length equaling distance from
tip of snout to posterior rim of orbit; no filaments at the nape; gill mem-
branes somewhat united to the isthmus in front, but forming a broad fold
across it posteriorly, the gill openings of the two sides therefore continu-
ous below. Dorsals rather high; no notch between the spines and soft
portion, the membrane of last ray not reaching base of caudal; spines of

* Very near Blenniu» fucorurr , the profllo more obliqne, the cirri shorter, the spinous
dorsal lower, the cauilal more truncate; anal shorter. Color brown with brown spots on
body and tins; sides clear green ; belly silvery. Length 2 inches. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.)

■11 V'

' 1

i ; :|

2380 Bulletin 47, United States National Musetim.

nearly uniform Insight, all very alonder and llexiblc, the tips almost flla-
mentoiis; highcht spine | length of head; highest Hoft ray Ijj^ in head;
anal lower than dorsal, its longeHt ray very nlightly Iohh than ^ length of
head; length of caudal peduncle more than i ItH height, about equaling
the diameter of orbit; caudal about equaling peetoral, H iu head; ven-
trals long, the inner ray much the longest, H i" head, not quite reaching
vent. Color light greenish olive, sonu^what mottled; sides with irregular
dark bars formed of spots, these extending on the flu; skin everywhere
finely punctate; dorsal dark olive, th<^ spinous part darker at tip; anal
blackish, with ]>aler edge; ventrals dusky; pectorals and caudal olive.
Gulf of Mexico, in de«'p water. Three specimens known, the largest 3
inches long, taken from the stomach of a Red Snapper, at Pensacola.
(Named for Silas Stearns.)

£{«nmt(« «teanm, Jordan & GiLBEBT.Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882,300, Pensacola Snapper
Banks. (Type, No. 29669, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Jordan ii Stearns.)

m

iE :

m

T: I

2727. BLEXNIUS FATOSUS, Gooile & Bean.

Head 3|; depth 4|. D. XII, 18; A. II, 20. Body comparatively elon-
gate and «'onipressod ; anterior profile moderately decurved ; head nearly
^ longer than deep; snout very short and blunt; mouth large, horizontal;
jaws even; maxillary reaching posterior margin of orbit, its length 2\ in
head. Each jaw with a long, curved, posterior canine; the canines of
lower jaw largest. Preorbital f diameter of eye, which is 3f in head, and
e<]ual8 more than twice iuterorbital width. An extremely long and slen-
der supraocular cirrus, trifid to the base, the longest branch nearly as long
as the head ; no nuchal cirri. Gill membranes forming a rather narrow fold
across the isthmus. Dorsal low, continuous, the spines very slender and
llexible, the longest \ as loug as the head ; the longest soft ray ^ as long
as liead; the last ray slightly joined to base of caudal; caudal f as long
as head; anal rather high; pectorals ^ as loug as head; only the straight
part of lateral line developed. Color faded, brownish, finely reticulated,
a series of obscure bluish blotches along the sides ; front and sides of head
marked with very distinct blue, reticulating lines surrounding honey-
comb-like hexagonal interspaces ; top of head with many small blue spots ;
dorsal with black dots and streaks ; a black spot bordered with whitish
between the first and second dorsal spines ; anal with oblique blue streaks,
the fin margined with dusky, tips of rays whitish ; base of pectorals with
blue reticulations. The whole body was probably reticulated \ ith blue
in life. Gulf of Mexico. Known from 2 specimens collected at Garden
Key, Florida, by Gustav Wiirdemann ; they are 3§^ inches and 3 inches
long, respectively, {favosua, honeycombed.)

Blennitu favoius, Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 416, Garden Key, Florida
(Type, No. 2629, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Gustav Wiirdemauu) ; Jordan & Gilbert,
Synopsis, 961, 1883.

H 'A

£728. BLENNIUS PILIC0BNI8, Cuvier &. Valenciennes.

Head 4f with caudal; depth 5j|^. D. XII, 21 or 22; A. 23 or 24. Snout
obtuse, the upper profile very oblique. A strong curved canine in each
jaw. Orbital tentacle filiform, with several smaller ones at base. luter-

^■>&

'■'h

i::'lii

Jo dan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2381

orbital space flat, its width \ vertical diameter of eye; no groove or
creBt on the neck. Dorsal slightly notched, tho spines flexible; caadal
separate. Brown, dorsal and caudal spotted with darker. Tiength 5 to 6
inches. (Gilnthcr.) Coast of Brazil north to the West Indies, recorded
from Rio Janeiro, Bahia, antl tho Tortuj^as, and «»(¥ tlie coast of Florida.
Mr. Garman gives tho following color note on Tortngas specimens, col-
lected by Prof. C. C. Nntting: Small, hexagonal reticnlations on checks,
resembling scales; anal darker toward ends of rays, the tips white; dor-
sal darker in outer half; basal part of dorsal and anal pale, sides with a
few scattered blac^k dots; median rays of caudal longer, the outer margin
dark ; caudal, pectorals, and ventrals paler than dorsal. (piUcorni8, Avith
downy horns. ) *

Blenniua ■pilieomii, Cuvier &. Valenciennes, Iliat. Kat. Poiss., xi, 254, 1830, Rio Janeiro
(Coll. Delalaiide and Gay) ; Castelnau, Aniin. Nouv., etc., Aiiier. Sud, 26, 1855; Gar-
man, Hull. Iowa Lab. Nat. 8ci. 1806, i%.

Blennius flllcomin, GCnther, Cat., ni, 216, 1861. (Coll. M. rarziidnki.)

1 ■•<

III

:■ ^^

272». BLENNirS MAKM0RKV8, Poey.

Head 4^ in total length with caudal; depth 5. D. XII, 20; A. 16; P. 13.
Eye very high, near tho profile, twice length of snout. SnouJ; round,
falling off abruptly, but less so than in Jilcnnius trnncatus; posterior nos-
trils with a distinct tube; superciliary tentacle divided into 3 branches;
no cilia at the nape. Teeth undescribed. Gill membranes not described.
Pector.il and caudal round; dorsal low, the mediiin spines highest, the
soft r.ays a little higher, tho difference slight. Color yellowish brown,
darker medially, paler below; under the lens covered with small dots;
fins below yellowish. This species diff'ers from Scartella microatoma in
the stout trunk, the more blunt head, the cilia on the head and in tho
tube of the nostril. Cuba; 1 specimen 2 inches long. (Poey); not seen
by us; perhaps not a Blennius as hero understood, {marmoreus, marbled.)

BlenniuH marnioretit, Poey, Eninnoratio, 130, 1875, Cuba. (Coll. Rafael Arango.)

■I

1 1 \

2780. BLENNIIJS TBUNCATIIS (Poey).

Head 5i in total length with caudal; depth 5}. D. XII, 19; A. I, 20.
Eyes placed very high, profile before them vertical, suggesting the fore-
head of a bull without horns ; mouth small, maxillary reaching below pos-
terior border of eye; anterior nostril divided into .5 ^t tip; 2 filiform
tentacles Avith a common base on each side of nape; a simple tentacle
behind eye; some pores on the head, which is compressed; teeth unde-
scribed ; gill membranes undescribed ; gill membranes united and free from
isthmus; dorsal notched medially; caudal truncate, with 2 faint angles;
lateral line long, reaching beyond the point of the pectorals. Color olive,
with some bright spots on trunk; the vertical fins darker. Cuba; 1
specimen 3^ inches long. (Poey) ; not seen by us; perhaps not a species of
Blennius, {truncatua, cut off short.)

Bhnniut tmneatut, Poet, Memorias, n, 424, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)

> -i

iJl

2382 Dullcthi ^7, United States National Museum.

87»1. BliENMIJK VINOTUS, I'oey.

W<$

Iload ?>\ to base of caudal; depth 4. D, XII, 13; A. I, 8; V. 3. Eye
high, 4 in head, ao lon<; aa snout. Anterior noHtril in a sliort tube. Jaws
e«jiiul; 4 pores on the side of the lower jaw; 1 on the opercle; 4 on the
suborbital; 4 below eye. A long tentacle above eye; another very small
one on the nupe. Maxillary reaching to below front of pupil. Teethlargc,
not pointed, compreHsed, in 1 series of 10 to 12 on each side of each jaw,
feeble, somewhat moveable; gill membranes united, free from isthmus.
Dorsal elevated backward, connected by a membrane to the first third of the
caudal, as is also the anal, twenty second ray highest, its height \ depth
of body and double length of the dorsal ray above tip of pectoral ; anal
similar, \ also of the rays of the dorsal and anal simple; the spines
flexible, differing from the others in not being articulate; pectoral pointed,
its middle rays longest, and also more robust, all simple; ventral not very
short; caudal rounded. Lateral line forming a curve anteriorly. Color
uniform brown. Cuba, (ctnctua, bound.)

Blenniut vinctus, Poet, Repertorio, 243, 1867, Havana.
12647, Mus. Comp. Zool.)

(Coll. Felipe Poey. Typo* No.

2782. BTiEXMUS CBISTATU8, Liiinicns.

Head 4; depth 4. D. XI, 16; A. 19; maxillary 3. Body moderately
elongate, compressed; the head very blunt and deep, almost as deep as
long, its anterior profile straight or slightly concave, and nearly vertical.
Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching to past front of eye; lower jaw
with 2 short stoutish posterior canines, scarcely longer than the front
teeth; upper jaw without canines. Teeth about 3«. Preorbital deep,
its depth equal to diameter of eye and contained 4^ times in length of
head. Interorbital space flat, narrow, f width of nye. Supraocular cirri
small, fringed, their length about equal to that of pupil. Nape with a lon-
gitudinal dermal crest reaching to front of dorsal, provided with a series of
about 20 filaments, the longest about as long as the eye. Gill membranes
forming a broad fold across the isthmus, as in all species of Blennius.
Dorsal nearly continuous, the last spine a little lower than the first soft
ray, not very high, beginning on the nape in front of the vertical of the
preopercle, the spines all slender and flexible, the longest | as long as the
head, the longest soft ray f as long as the hoid; candal free from dorsal
and anal, ^ as long as head; anal moderate ^ length of head; pectoral
somewhat shorter than head; ventral a littlj more than i length of head.
Lateral line forming the usual arch above pectoral, and continued back-
ward on median line to base of caudal, becoming indistinct posteriorly.

* On the typo of Blenniux vinctus we have the following notes: "No. 12647, M. C. Z.
Cuba. (Poey.) One and a half inches lou^, in poor condition. Head ca 3}; depth ca 4.
I). XII, 13; A. II, 13. Dorsal joined to caudal as far as tips of the rays, which are high.
Dorsal spines high and stiff, the tin not notched, the soft rays higlier. A thick scale-like
fringed cirrus above eacli eye, nearly as long as eye, which is small. Gill membrane free.
Head blunt. Maxillary to' front of pupil. Lower jaw with very strong canines ; upper
jaw with none. No nuchal cirri."

Jordan and Evermann. — / 'shes of North America. 2383

Color faded, apparently oliva<-oou8, with about 6 dark croHs bars, whirh
extend on the dorHul fin; anul and poHteriur ^ of lunly with uunuTous
round, whitish, Htelhite spotH, probably bhuHli in life; bluish Htrt>aka
from eye acrosH the cheeks; anal edged with dunky; the other tiim
vaguely marked. Length 2^ to 4 inches. Tntpical partH of the Atlantic,
among rockn, widely diffused and variable. The above deHcri])tion
from the type of Jilvnniua aateriaii, from Garden Key, Florida. We have
tiie following notes on numerous specimens from Abrolhos Islands,
off the Coast of Brazil (Cull. Albatroaa): D. XII, 15. Nape with a
fringed crest of 10 to 18 filaments. A small tridd tentacle above eye;
posterior canines in lower jaw only, short and small; gill membran«>B
broadly united, nearly free from thn isLumus. Dorsal slightly notched ;
nasal tentacle present. Color excessively variable, mostly grayish, with
5 or 6 cross blotcthes on the buck, extending to form quadrate blotches on
the side; body mottled; fins also mottled; the anal dark, with a pale
edge. Some specimens highly variegated, the caudal banded and with
black and white spots ; pale streaks from the eye across the cheek ; dark
bars on sidc8, extending on dorsal. Most specimens have the region above
anal with numerous round whitish spots and some dark ones. These
spots sometimes nearly obsolete, most evident on the paler specimens.

The following notes are taken from a specimen, No. 4635, M. C. Z., from
Para, Brazil (Coll. Agassiz and Bourgeot) : Head 4 ; depth 4^. D. XII,
14 ; A. 1, 16. Maxillary to front of eye, about equal to eye. Gill membranes
free. Lower jaw with a very small canine, not twice the length of the
upper teeth. Orbital cirrus quite small ; a row of cirri along the nape,
louger than the orbital cirrus. Head not very blunt, the anterior profile
forming an angle above eye, thence straightand steep. Dorsal spines rather
low and flexible, the fin scarcely notched. Color nearly lost ; dark marb-
lings on sides and on dorsal fin. This species is evidently the Jilennius
crinituH of Giinther and the B. aateriaa of Goode & Bean, probably the nuchi-
fiUa of Cuvier and Valenciennes, and in all probability the cHstatus of Lin-
nseus, also. These nominal species are from various localities in the Atlan-
tic. If our specimens are all alike, all these forma most likely belong to 1
species. For this criatatua ia the oldest name. The very small canines
show considerable divergence from the type of Blenniua, approaching
Scartella. (Eu.) {cristatua, crested.)

Blennius crista setacea longitudinale inter oculoa, Gronow, Mnsenm, i, No. 75 j D. 26 ; A.

16; locality unkuown. (Coll. Vosniaer.)
Blennitu eristatus, LiNKiSUS, Syst. Nat,, Ed. x, i, 256, 1758, Indies, after Gronow ; GUn-

THER, Cat. Fish., ni, 223, 1861; Jordan, Froc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1890, 329.
Blenniut erinitus, Cuvier &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 237, 1836, La Rochelle,

France (Coll. D'Orbigny); GUnther. Cat., ill, 224, 1861.
Blennius nuchifilit, CuviBR & VALBNCtENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 253, 1836, Isle of

Ascension. (Coll. Quoy & Gaimard.)
Blenniut asteriat, Goode &. Bean, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 416, Garden Key, Florida

(Type, No. 2620. Coll. G. Wiirdemann) ; Garden Key, Florida (Type, No. 2625. Coll.

Dr. Whitehurst) ; Tortugas (Type, No. 6506. Coll. Dr. J. £. JlolUer; ; 0 ohoan &, Gw-

BKRT, Synopsis, 961, 1883.
Adonia eriatatua, Gronow, Cftt. Fish., £d. Gray, 96, 1854.

I

f 1

2384 Bidletin ^7, United States National Museum.

■;r

\ 'l

i

885. SCARTELLA, Jordan.

Seartella, Jordan, rroc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 50 (micro«<o/.to).

This genus (lifters from Blenniua only in the entire absence of the pos-
terior canine. The relations of this genus with Huch species of Blenmna
as Blenniua criaUttua are very close. It may be that the groups should be
reunited, or that several species hero referred to lilenniua should be placed
in Seartella. {dHCcprrfi, one who leaps.)

2788. SCARTELLA MICBOSTOMA (Poey).

Head 4 in length (5 with caudal) ; depth 3g (4 J) ; eye 3i. D, XI, 14 ; A.
15 or 16. Body rather stout, compressed posteriorly; head short, the
anterior profile straight and very steep, almost vertical from tip of snout
to above eye, where a sharp angle is formed with the straight line of the
back. Eyo large, longer than snout. Mouth moderate, the maxillary
reaching to below front of pupil, its length 3J^ in head. Teeth uniform ;
no posterior canines in either jaw. A small tufted or multifid cirrus over
each eye, its length less than diameter of pupil ; a rr w of about 3 short,
slender cirri along each side of nai>e. Gill membranes broadly united,
free from isthmus. liatcral line extending about to end of pectoral, each
pore with a short, simple branch above and below, directed outward and
backward ; some conspicuous pores radiating from the eye. Dorsal fin
low, subcoutinuous, the spines rather slender, lower than the soft rays,
the middle spines not much higher than the last; longest rays of dorsal
about I as long as head; caudal free from dorsal and anal, a little
shorter than head; anal low; pectorals slightly longer than head; ven-
trals Ij^ in head. The fins are somewhat shriveled, so that the count of
the rays is made with difficulty and may not be perfectly exact. Color
very dark olive brown, paler below ; head and anterior half of body plain,
posterior half sprinkled with sharply defined dots of a vivid sky-blue
color, becoming white in alcohol ; about 6 obscure round darker blotches
in a longitudinal series along sides posteriorly ; fins dusky olive, mottled
with darker, the caudal obscurely barred, the anal with a pale edge;
spinous dorsal nearly black. Length 3^ inches. Cuba. Here described
from a specimen taken by Dr. .lordan in Havana. We have also the fol-
lowing notes on Poey's type in the museum at Cambridge: D. XI, 15; A.
17. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Body rather robust, the head
blunt. Last tooth in each jaw a shade longer than its neighbor, but not
canine-like. Gill membrane free from isthmus. Dorsal spines low, rather
stiff, the fin deeply notched. Color much mottled, with some white spots
on posterior half of body ; a black ocellus behind first dorsal spine ; 5 dark
bars along back.

The following is Poey's description : Head 4^^ in total length with caudal ;
depth 5f . D. XII, 15 ; A. 1, 17 ; P. 14. 8nout short ; profile falling abruptly ;
mouth small; eye 3 in head, twice interorbital space. Teeth 15 on each
side in each jaw. Gill membrane broadly united, fi:ee from, isthmus. Lat-

lis;

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2385

eral line disappenring on middle of back ; a row of 6 filaments arranged in
pairs on each side of the nape. Menibrjinaceous tentacles ov^er the eye ; dor-
sal somewhat notched, pectoral strongly developed at b.ase. Color brown,
with 5 or 6 darker points which form on the b<ack and reach base of the
dorsal; pearly spots along sides ;iaa some below of the same color; caudal
with 3 brown points. Cuba. One specimen, 46 mm. long. (Poey.) (mupoi,
small; (jroyua, mouth.)

lilennitis mierostomus, Poey, Memoriiis, II, 288, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Pocy.)
Scartella microitovia, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1886, 50.

,

886. KYPLEUROCHILUS, Gill.

Hypleurochiltu, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 168 (geminatut).

This genus differs from lilenniiia in the restriction of the gill-openings to
the sides, the gill-membranes being broadly and fnlly joined to the isthnuis ;
canines well developed, yv, npsilon; TcXevoov, side; ;u£?A.oj, lip; in allu-
sion to the V-shaped lateral lips.)

2734. HTl liEUROCHILim flESIIXATlJS (Wowl).

Head ^ to SJ ; depth 3^^ to 4. D. XI, 15 to XIII, 14 ; A. II, 18. Head not
very blunt, the anterior profile straight, oblique ; male (muUifilia) with the
supraocular cirrus very large, each with 1 smaller ones at base ; supra-
ocular cirrus in female {geminuins) low, shorter than eye, branched at tip;
interorbital space concave, not ^ diameter of eye; a slight transverse
groove behind eye; canines in both jaws, very strong, hooked backward,
the lower considerably stronger than upper ; gill openings extending down-
ward to opposite or slightly below lower edge of pectoval. Dorsal lin not
emarginate, the spines slender, but rather stiff', lower than the soft rays;
pectorals shortish, ventrals rather long. Olive brown, faintly barred with
darker ; sides plain, or with several pairs of spots of a reddish-brown color,
arranged pretty regularly in a double row ; vertical fins edged with darker,
especially the ar<al; dorsal black in front. Length 2i inches. South At-
lantic and Gulf roast of the United States, in shallow water; abunlant in
empty shells and clusters of tnnicates. The sexes quite unlike, the male
{multifilis) distinguished by the high su1>orbital crest. {(jeminatuB, twin.)

Jilenniun geminatut, Wood. Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 278, Charleston, South

Carolina, female (Coll. Prof. Bache) ; Guvieh & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi,

205, 1836.
Blennius multifiUx, Girahd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 16B. St. Josephs Island, Texas,

male (Coll. Giistav Wiirdcmann) ; Girard, U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., Zool., pi. 12,

flg. 6, 27, 1850; GUnther, Cat., in, 562, 1861
BypUurochilus muUifilia, Giu., Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 168; Jordan & Gilbert,

Synopsis, 758, 1883.
Uypleuroehihm geminatuM, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 759, 1883.
IBUnniwa geminatut, OOnthek, Cat., iii, 288, 1861.

I :

M:

■ 1

1 ^'

i

i.

i 1

II

i i

- I

2386 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

•i in-'

'■ i ■". : '(•

vv r

887. HYPSOBLENNIUS,* Gill.

Hypsoblennius, Giix, Cat. Fish. East Coast U. S., 20, 1861 (hentz; no diagnosis).
Iseslhet, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 757, 1883 (gentilis).
Jilenvioluii, Jordan &. Evermann, new subgenus (brevipinnis).

This genus differs from lilenviua in the absence of canine teeth and in
the restriction of the gill openings to the sides, the gill membranes being
fully united to the isthmus as far upward as the base of the pectorals; ven-
tral with 1 short, strong spine and 3 simple, articulated rays. The known
species are American. (i;^j, high; Blenniva.)

Hypsoblennius:
a. Dorsal fin continuous, its margin entire or slightly notched.
6. Dorsal rays XI to XIII, 17 to 19. Pacific species.

e. Orbital cirrus multifid ; spines of dorsal stiA'; sides blotched or freckled.

GILBERT!, 2735.

ee. Orbital cirrus simple or fringed.

d. Spines of dorsal slender aii.l flexible; sides with round dark spots;

anal rays 21. QENTILIS, 2730.

dd. S)>ines of dorsal rather stitf; sides with irregular dark cross bands

rather than spots; anal rays IB. STRIATUS, 2737.

66. Dor-sal rays XII, 14 or XII, 15. Atlantic species.

e. Orbital cirrus simple, large or small; body everywhere with dark spots;

dorsal spines rather low, stifiii.h. ionthas, 2738.

ee. Orbital tentacle forked at tip, long in males; dorsal spines stiff; body

spotted. iibntz,2739.

Elknniolus, (diminutive form, from Blenniut) :

aa. Dorsal fin dee]>ly notched, very short, its rays XI, 12 or XII, 12 ; orbital tentacle

slender, fringed ; a dark lateral shade. brevipinmis, 2740.

Subgenus HYPSOBLENNIUS, Gill.
2735. HYP80BLENMUS UILBERTI (Jordan).

Head 4 in length (4 J with caudal) ; depth 4 (4J). D. XII, 19; A. II, 21.
Body comparatively robust, deep, and compressed. Head large, rounded,
the anterior profile less blunt than in H. ycnHlia and less rounded, nearly
straight froui tip of snout to above eye, thence again nearly straight to
front of dorsal. Length of snout about equal to diameter of eye, 4^ in
head. Mouth rather small, terminal, the maxillary reaching to opposite
middle of eye, 2^ in head. Teeth subequal, with no trace of posterior
canines. Superciliary tentacle large, multifid, much branched from near
the base, th«! principal division 3f in head. Gill openings larger than in
H. gentilis, extending downward to the level of lower edge of pectoral, the
length of the slit If in head. Lateral line developed beyond the straight
part, its posterior jiortion curved downward. Dorsal fin continuous, with
a slight but distinct depression between the spinous and soft parts, the
spines somewhat ciirv4>d, but stifi' and strong, the longest spine about 2^
in head ; longest soft rays 2 in head. Caudal fin free from dorsal and anal,
1^ in head; ventrals 1^ in head; pe(-torals about as long as head. Males,

* The recent identiflcation of BlenniuB hentz with Tteithet punetatni enables us to under-
stand the uudoflnt'd genus Hyptohienniut, and to substitute it for thi XaXmr Isesthe: Our
judgmsnt Is ojtposed to thi> recognition of such unexplained "typopymS)" bttt we defer to
the cuitom of tlio American Ormthologiats' Union.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2387

as neual in this fjenus, with the anal spines partly detached, and provided
with fl«38hy tips. Coloration olivaceons, the body and fins everywhere i)ro-
fusely mottled and reticnlated with darker ; obscure dark shades extending
downward from eye across, or partly across, lower side of head; head
without distinct spots or other sharply defined markings, except faint
streaks radiating from eye; no pale bars on side of head in either sex;
some yellowish markings on anterior part of dorsal. Length 5 inches.
California, from Point Concepcion southward to Todos Santos or beyond ;
common among rocks in the kelp; our specimens from Santa Barbara and
Point Loma. (Named for Charles Henry Gilbert.)

Itetthes gilberti, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 340, Santa Barbara, California
(Type, No8. 26916 and 26917. Coll. Jordan cfe Gilbert); RosA Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. 1883, 235, specimens from Todos Santos Bay ; U. XI or XII, 16 to 21 ; A. 19 to 21 ;
head 4^ ; depth 4^.

278e. HYPSOBLEyMUS GKXTILIS (Girard).

Head 3| in length (4i with caudal) ; depth 4 m). D. XIII. 17; A. II,
19. Body rather robust, deep and compreased, the head large, very bluntly
and evenly ronnded in profile, more obtuse and more evenly curved than
in H. gilherti, the snout shorter, about equal to eye, 4^ in head. Month
rather small, terminal, the maxillary reaching to opposite middle of eye,
its length 3 in head Teeth subequal, the hindmost on each side of upper
jaw shorter than the others, and a little apart from tiiem but not forming
"a small canine," as stated by Girard. Superciliary tentacle long and
simple in the male, its edge fringed with short branchlets, its length
about 3 in head; tentacles much smaller in the female, where they are
scarcely visible. Gill opening extending downward not quite to lower
edge of pectoral, its length (vertical) 2^ in head. Lateral line with only
the straight anterior portion developed, not curved downward posteriorly.
Do.'sal fins continuous, with scarcely a irace of emargination between the
spinous and soft parts. Dorsal spines comparatively low and flexible,
much less strong than in If. {lilberti, the longest spines 3 in head; longest
soft rays If. Caudal free from dorsal and anal, l^ in head ; ventrals If in
head; pectorals 1^. Coloration in spirits, brown, the whole body closely
mottled and blotched with darker brown, so that the light ground color
f' rras, especially anteriorly, light reticulations around darker spots; on
'■c head the dark spots are small and close together, smallest anteriorly,
1':^ '>vver parts of the head being immaculate, extending fiom the curve
ol fii' jireopercle downward, across the interopercle and branchiostegals,
in a t«*i;'rply defined Avhite bar (said to be golden yellow in life), edged with
black; behind this and parallel with it across subopercle and isthnnis
>s a similar bar, these bars present only in the males; a few pale spots
or bars in front of these; back with about 6 dusky cross shades,
below each of these is an oblong dark blotch, the anterior placed along
the lateral line, altogether forming an interrupted dark stripe; a simi-
lar dark stripe near the median line of the body, interrupted by some
pale blotches. Fins all blotched and spotted by light and dark colors,
but without distinct markings (a bluish spot in front of dorsal in life) ;

'm'

'I:

It

i i:

2388 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ventrals .and anal nearly blackish in males, the base of the anal with a
pale streak. Females more distinctly blotched, with a black spot in front
of dorsal and white spots on middle of sides ; head lacking the pale bars
and black spots, but much mottled with brown and whitish ; a very dis-
tinct blackish blotch on front of spinal dorsal; pectoral and candal pale,
a dark blotch on base of pectoral. Length about 4 inches. Monterey to
Cape San Lucas; common southward in rock pools. Here described fronj
specimens from Angel Island, Gulf of California, from Cape San Lucas, and
from Monterey and San Diego, {gentilis, related. )

Slenniusgentilis, GmARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1854, 149, Monterey, California. Types,

No8. 690 and 785 (Coll. A. Cassidy; No. 489, Lieut. Trowbridge); Gibaed, Pac. R. R.

Surv., X, Fishes, 113, pi. 25a, fig. 4, 1858 ; GL'nther, Cat., ni, 217, 1861.
Isesthes gentilin, Steindachner, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 150, 1876 ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.

1882,350; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 956, 1883; JoRDAN,Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus. 1882,

349.

2737. HYPSOBLENNIUS STKIATUS (Steindachner).

Head 4 to 4^; depth 4? to 5. D. XI or XII, 17; A. 19; P. 15; V. I, 3.
Snout steep, and slightly concave in older examples; interorbital narrow,
equal to ^ eye; origin of dorsal a little before the edge of preopercle;
second and third dorsal spines equal to the distance from tip of snout to
edge of preopercle ; dorsal and anal free from caudal ; pectoral reaching
nearly to front of anal. Color yellowish below, sides brownish, irregular
dark -brown cross bars on back and sides; toward the caudal arc rows of
spots, 4 or 5 wider cross bars of dark brown or violet ; a dark blotch from
the third to the fifth dorsal spine, behind which are irregular longitudinal
dark stripes; anal edged with white, behind which runs a violet line;
pectoral and caudal spotted ; a dark oval spot behind eye ; a brown lin<t
from first dorsal spine to eye. Panama (Steindachner), where specimens
were also taken by Dr. Gilbert, none of these showing posterior canines,
although Steindachner notes the presence of a small canine in 1 speci-
men, (strialtis, striped.)

Blenniut striattui, Steindachner, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 15, 1876, with plates, Panama.
Isesthes atriatus, Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. IT. S. Fish Coinui. 1882, 111.

2788. HYPS0BLENNIIJ8 lONTHAN (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 3^ to 4 (4i to 4J in total; ; depth 3^ to 3i (3* to 4'f ). D. XII, 13, or XII,
14 ; A. II, 13, or II, 14. Body rather deoj), moderately compressed, the back
little elevated. Head short, blunt, but less so than in H, punctatiis ; the pro-
file prominent above the eye, thence descending abruptly but not vertically
to the tip of the snout; length of snout 3^ in head. Mouth small, low, itn
cleft largely anterior, the short maxillary scarcely reaching past the front
of the eye, 4 in head. Eyes large, placed high, 5 in head, the interorbital
space about i their diameter. Female (ionthan) with the orbital cirrus low,
scarcely larger than nasal cirrus, which is about equal to diameter of pupil.
Teeth moderate, equal; no posterior canines. Gill opening extending

do\
of
rea<
Btifi

sepa
isli
oliv(
dus
das
Tl
D. X
not (
abru

II-.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2389

downward to a point varying from a little above to a little below middle
of base of pectoral, the height of the slit 3 in bead. Lateral line not
reaching tip of pectoral. Dorsal tin coutinnoiis, the spines low and rather
stiff, slenderer than in H. punctatua, the longest spines a little lower than
the soft rays, which are about li in head. Caudal free from anal, slightly
connected with dorsal; a little shorter than head; -nor-f-yai about as long
as head; ventrals shorter than head. Color of female clear olive green,
with only traces of darker bars; body everywhere densely freckled with
small round blackish spots, smaller than the pupil ; on the sides and lower
part of head these spots are reduced to close set dots; 2 dark lines,
separated by a golden area, downward from eye; a vertical curved black-
ish patch behind eye, in front of which is a golden area; vertical fins
olive green, dorsal and caudal usually mottled with dusky; paired fins
dusky olive; lower parts of head tinged with golden, sometimes with
dusky cross bars ; cirri green.

The male (scrutator) is thus described : Head 4 (4* in total) ; depth 3f (4^).
D. XII, 14 or 15 ; A. II, 15 or 16. Body r.ither deep, compressed, the back
not elevated. Head short, very blunt, almost as deep as long, the profile
abruptly descending before eye, the snout about i length of head. Mouth
very small, anterior, the maxillary extending to opposite front of eye, 3^
in head; teeth subequal, without canines. Orbital cirri very long, reach-
ing when depressed about to the front of dorsal, their length more than i
head in adult, somewhat shorter in young ; a short branch near its middle.
Nasal barbel minute. Eye large, much broader than the concave interor-
bital space, about 4^ in head. Lower edge of gill opening a little below
middle of base of pectoral, the depth of the slit 2^ to 3 in head. Dorsal fin
scarcely emargiuate, the spines rather stiff, lower than the soft rays, the
longest spine 2 in hea'!. Caudal slightly connected at base with dorsal, li
in head; pectoral aboiit as long as head, reaching past front of anal;
ventrals 1^ in head. Lateral line extending to base of eighth spine, not to
tip of pectoral. Color in life, deep olive green, almost immaculate, or with
faint traces of darker vertical bars; a golden blotch behind eye, behind
which is a dusky crescent ; 2 dark bars downward from eye, separated by
a yellowish area; fins all dusky greenish, nearly or quite immaculate;
front of spinous dorsal blackish. South Carolina to Texas, in rock pools ;
numerous specimens, the largest about 2^ inches long, were obtained with
hook and line from the wharves at Peusacola. (iovOdi, freckled.)

Isetthet ionthas, Jordan & Gilbert, Froc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 290, Pensacola, Florida
(Type, No. 30850, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Jordau & Steurus), fumale ; Jordan & Gilbert,
Synopsis, 960, 1883.

Isetthet tcrutator, * Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 300, Pensacola (Type,
No. 30850. (Coll. Jordan &. Stearns) ; Galveston (Coll. Dr. August Ualny) ; Jordan &
Gilbert, Synopsis, 960, 1883.

* The fonn called scrutator agrees very closely witl-. Uypsoblenniut ionthas ':a all respects
except the great length of thu orbital eirrus and the dinerent coloration of the body. In
both the golden blot('h and dark crescent behind tl e eye are distinct, as nlso the 2 dark bars
separated l)v a yellow one below the eye. Renewed comparison strengthens our impres-
sion that liyptobUnnius tcrutator is the male of Uyptoblennius ionthai.

'.m

I'

[•!

u

•'t!

2390 Bulletm 47, United States National Museum.

2780. II¥PS0BLE?miU8 HENTZ (Le Sueur).

Head 31^; depth 3. D. XII, 15; A. 18; pectoral li in head; ventral If;
gill slit 2^; eye 4J; maxillary 2%. Orbital tentacle very blender, ouco
forked, 3 in head. Hody rather deep; head large, obtusu; interorbital
space concave, ^ the diameter of orbit; orbital cirrus as long as dorsal
spines, bi6d iit tip, branched below; a minute nasal ciiTns; no canines;
gill openings extending to about lower fourth of base of pei^toral, thus
narrower than in most related species. Dorsal fin high, little notched,
the soft part highest, the spines stiff, 2| in head. Tip of each dorsal spine
with a filiform, articulated, ray -like appendage. Color in spirits, oliva-
ceous, back and sides of head and body everywhere covered with brown
spots, very irregular in size and shape ; on posterior part of body the spots
are larger, and show a tendency to form vertical bars ; cheeks dark ; lower
side of head with traces of 3 cross bars; spinous dorsal with an elliptical
black spot on membrane of first 3 spines; soft dorsal and caudal obscurely
barred ; anal, ventrals, and lower rays of pectorals dusky ; pectorals oliva-
ceous, spotted with brown. Coasts of North and South Carolina, south
to Indian River, F'lorida; locally common. (Named for its collector, Dr.
Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, "the father of American Araneology.")

Blennius ijunetatus, Wood, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 278, Charleston, South
Carolina (Coll. Prof. Bnclie) ; CuviEtt & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 267,
1836; GUnther, Cat., in, 228, 1861; not Blenniu$ punctatu$, Fabriciua, 1780, wliichia
a Stichceut.

Blennius hentz,* IjE SVKvn, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825,363, Charleston, South
Carolina. (Coll. Dr. Hentz.)

nyptohlennius hentzi, Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 1861 {tiomen nudum).

Hypleurochilug punctatim, GiLL, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 20, 1873.

Isestlieg punctafus, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 758, 1883 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus. 1883, 616. .

Itesthes henUi, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 960, 1883.

m

ip ^^..

Subgenus BLENNIOLUS, Jordan & Evcrmann.
2740. HYPSOBLENMIS BREVIPIXM8 (GUnther).

Head 3^; depth 4. D. XII, 12; A. II, 14; pectoral 1^ in head; ventral
IJ; gill slit 2;i|^; eye Skinhead; snout 2| in bead; maxillary 2^. Orbital
tentacle slender, less than eye. Body rather deep, compressed, back not
elevated; anterior profile from first dorsal spine to above eye almost hori-
zont. i or slightly deciirvcd, from thence to tij) of snout abruptly decurved ;
head large, its width not quite 2 in its length; interorbital space narrow,
grooved, about equaling pupil; eyes largc;, placed high and close together.
Month small, low, the maxillary reaching to pupil; teeth subequal, pecti-
nate; no canines; dorsal fin continuous, deeply emarginate, the spines
lower than the soft rays, the longest spine altout 2| in head; caudal free

* The foUowinft i« the snliHtance of the account of " lilennius hnitz:" Depth ilj (in total).
D. XI, 14; A. 16. Body little elongate; snout very short, hut not vertically truncate:
eves above an<i\e of mouth, idaced hijjh; (lill slit extending from level of base of pectoral
fin to height of eye; teeth e(iual; dorsal slightly depressed in the middle; pectorals
large; a s hurt cirrus above eacli eye and a smaller one over each nostril. Light bluish
ush. mixed with rufuns, with ininierous irr<*gulnr black and rufous spots; dorsal black,
with whltisn 8]>ots: soft dorsal with 5 dark bands; ventrals blackish, with pale bands;
caudal with 3 or 4 dark bauds. Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. (Le Sueur.)

n.« .Aji.AJiirtAA;*!

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2391

from iinal and dorsal; lateral line not reaching soft dorsal. Olive brown,
lij^hter below ; back and upper half of sides irrej^nlarly marked with about
6 distinct dark-brown crossbars, these uniting at their lower edges and
forming a continuous line from head to base of caudal ; the bars nearly
confluent on the back at base of dorsal fin ; a dark lateral ])and nearly as
wide as eye from opercle to base of caudal, containing 5 or 6 light-yel-
lowish spots corresponding to the pale interspaces along the back; tins
dusky, anal margined with black; head with a dark spot behind each eye,
and 2 smaller blotches in the median line, 1 immediately behind the eyes,
the other a short distance in front of dorsal. Pacific coast of Mexico, from
Mazatlan to Panama; rather comnum. The specimens here described from
Mazatlan. (^hrevit, short; pinna, a fin.)

lilennitu brevipinniii, GL'nther, Cat. Finli., ni, 226, 1861, Pacific coast Central America
(Coll. Capt. John M. Dow) ; ouu specimen wrongly attributed to Hawaiian Islands.

888. CHASMODES, Cnvier & Valenciennes.

Ohatmodeg, Cuvikb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 295, 18.16 {bosqmanun).
Blenitraehus, SwAiNSON, C'lass'n Fishes, etc., ii, 78, 274, 1839 (qtiadnfaseiatxut).

Body oblong, compressed, naked; head triangular in profile, the snout
somewhat pointed; mouth large, with lateral cleft, the maxillary usually,
but not always, extending to beyond eye; premaxillaries not protractile;
teeth in a single series, long and slender, comb-like, confined to the front
of each jaw; no canines; cirri very small or wanting; gill openings very
small, their lower edge above the middle of the base of the pectorals ; lat-
eral line incomplete. Fins as in Blennins. American. The species with
smaller month approach Hypaohlenniua, which genus is not far separated
from Chaamodes. (xadjuajSrii, yawning.)

a. Dorsal and anal free from caudal.

b. Anal rays 18 or 19; body not banded. jenkinsi, 2741.

66. Anal rays 15; body with 4 dark cross bands. quadkifasciatus, 2742.

aa. Dorsal joined to hsise of caudal.

e. Mouth moderate, the maxillary not extending to posterior border of eye, 2J
in head. SABURRiE, 2743.

ce. Mouth large, maxillary reaching posterior border of eye.

NDVKMLINEATUS, 2744.

cce. Mouth very large, the maxillary extending to beyond eye.

BOSQUIANCS, 2745.

2741. CHASHODEIS JEXKIN8I (Jordan & Evermann).

Head 3^ (4 in total) ; depth 4 (5). D. XII, 17; A. 18 or 19; eye 4 to 5 in
head. Body more robust than- in related species, resembling Hypsohlen-
viu8; head large, gently rounded in profile, the snout steep, 4 in bead;
interorbital space narrow, grooved; orbital tentacle (male) much as in
Hfipmhlenniua (jilberti, about Sin head, branched, the branches usually 4;
mouth nmch larger than in Hypaohlenniua, the maxillary 2% to 3 in head,
reaching to below pcsterior margin of eye; teeth even, comb-like; gill
opening 2 in head, extending downward nearly to lower edge of pectorul,
much larger than in Chaamodes saburrw. Dorsal little notched, the tpines

:t!

2392 Bulletin ^7, United States National Mnseum.

IfM.

slender, 2^ in head, the rays a little higher; anal lower, the rays 3^ to 4 in
head ; pectorals reaching anal, 1^ in head ; ventrals 2^ ; dorsal and anal
free from caudal. Color in life, according to Evermann & Jenkins, yel-
lowish ; 5 quadrate spots of darker extending from dorsal to a line drawn
from middle of eye to lower hase of caudal, the anterior one above tip of
pectoral; median line of side with a more or loss distinct scries of small
spots ; a short dark vertical line behind the eye ; a dark blotch in front of
origin of dorsal fin and another on humeral region ; underside of head
with 2 ill-defined dark bands ; dorsal fin more or less speckled with black,
the anal with a narrow white border above which is a broader band of
deep brown. Six specimens, the largest about 3 inches long, were obtained
at Guaymas, Sonora, by Drs. Evermann & Jenkins, in 1887. One of these;
(No. 412, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.), examined by us, is the type of the present
description. The large mouth diHtinguishes this species at once from
Hypsoblennius atriatua, with which it has been identified. The species is
intermediate between typical Chasmodea and Hy2}8ohlenmii8, and its discov-
ery may make it necessary to merge the latter in Chasmodes. (Named for
Dr. Oliver Peebles Jenkins.)

Hypsoblmniui atriatus, Evermann & Jenkins, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 163; not of

Steindacuneb.
Chatmodeg jenkinsi, Jordan & Evebmann, Froc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, 232, pi. 39, Guaymas.

(Coll. Evemiaun & .renkins.)

I^'i

2743. CHASMODES QUADBIFASCIATUS (Wood).

D. 27; A. 15. Fovva. of Chasmodcahoaquianua: Lower jaw slightly longer
than the upper. Dorsal and anal free from caudal ; anal fin highest ante-
riorly. Body with 4 distinct brownish bands, a fifth broader and less
marked on the neck ; 4 round yellowish spots along base of anal ; head
spotted with blackish. {Wood.) Habitat uncertain, probably South
Athintic coast of the United States; not recognized by recent collectors;
very likely based on the female of C. hoaquiatiita, with the caudal torn from
the other vertical fins, (quadri-, four; faaciatua, banded).

Pholis quadrifatciatus, Wood, Joiirn. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 282; locality unknown,

probably South Carolina. (Coll. Kubcna Pealo.)
Ghasmode» quadrifasciatvi, Cuviek & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poisa., xi, 298, 1836;

GCnxher, Cat. Fish., in, 229, 1861; Jordan & Gilbebt, Synopsis, 757, 1883.

2743. CHASMODES SABUKK-E.^Tordan & Gilbert.

Head 3^ to 3f ; depth ^ to 3|. D. XI or XII, 17 to 19; A. II, 18 or 19.
Body rather deej) and compressed, less elongate than in C. boaquianua; the
back somevvhat arched. Head comparatively short, much shorter than in
C. hoaquianna, not \ longer than deep; profile forming a nearly even curve
from the base of the dorsal to the tip of the snout; mouth notably smaller
than in C. boaquianua; maxillary not reaching posterior margin of eye, its
length 2^ in head; teeth occupying about -it of lower jaw; height of gill
slit 3^ in head, its lower ray opposite third ray of pectoral. A minute
cirrus, shorter than pupil, above each eye and each nostril. Dorsal con-

'1
1

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2393

tiiiuous, ^s\^^\. ctiender rays, the last oue joint>d to the caudal. First two
rays of anal short, thick, and lleshy in the'males. Male deep olive, with
dark cross shades; numerous pale spots on the sides which foriii undu-
lating lines converging backwards; dark stripes downward and forward
from eye; top of head and upper part of dorsal tin usually with iinc black
spots; spinous dorsal with a median orange longitudinal band; other tins
mostly dusky olive. Some specimens wit'- the outer part of both dorsals
and the top of head dusted with black spots, others with these spots
obsolete; soft dorsal and caudal light orange, barred with light green-
ish ; anal dull orange, with an obscure blackish median band, the exserted
tips of the rays abruptly Avhitish ; pectorals dusky olive, strongly tinged
with orange; ventrals blackish, orange at tip. Female with about 8
blackish cross bauds extending on the dorsal tin ; the body everywhere
with pale spots; fins all sharply barred with blackish and olive. Pensa-
cola Bay, Florida ; common about the wharves and ballast rocks in shallow
water; taken with seines and pinhooks. Allied to Chasmodea hosquianus,
but with the mouth smaller, the form less elongate, {sahurra, ballast.)

Ghasmode* sahurrce, Jordan it Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 298, Pensacola,
Florida (Type, No. 30824. Coll. Jordan & Stearns) ; Jordan ti. Gilbert, Syuopsis, 958,
1883.

2744. CHA8M0DES NUTEXLINEATUS (Wood).

Head Sjj; depth 3J; eye 4i; snout 3|; maxillary reaching posterior
border of eye. D. XI, 18; A, III, 17. Head and shoulders heavy, the
body lance-shaped, tapering gradually to tail; snout short, blunt, protile
nearly vertical to eye, thence gently rounded ; mouth rather large, oome-
what oblique, the maxillary reaching posterior border of eye ; dorsal and
anal high, longest dorsal rays 2 in head ; anal considerably lower; pectoral
nearly as long as head; ventrals IJ in head. Color, side with 6 broad,
dark, vertical bars, the anterior 4 extending on the dorsal fin, these bars
separated by irregular narrow pale spaces; entire side profusely covei'ed
with small white spots; a small black spot at base of caudal; head mot-
tled with light and dark; 2 small dark spots on under side of lower jaw;
just behind these and extending downward from the angles of the mouth
are 2 other larger, blacker spots, while behind these, extending down-
ward and backward from middle of cheek, is an irregular black line;
whole head with numerous fine dark punctulations; dorsal and anal vari-
ously spotted or barred with light and dark; spinous dorsal with a large
dark area at top of anterior spines ; caudal faintly barred ; pectorals and
ventrals more xdainly barred. Length 2 inches. South Atlantic coast of
the United States, South Carolina to Florida; abundant in Indian River,
Florida, where numerous specimens were taken in January, 1896, by Ever-
luann & Bean, (noveni, nine ; ftnmtuo, lined.)

Pholis ncoemlineatus, Wood,* J^-un. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhlla., iv, 1825, 280, Charleston Harbor,
South Carolina.

*The following is the substance of Wood's orisinal description of this species: "Body
with 0 whitish longitudinal bands ; dorsal fin witli an irregular blackish spot Itetween tho
tirst and second rays; remainder of the iln clouded with dusky brown, ifead descending
Homowhat abruptly, tuberoulated anteriorly ; nostrils -yith a siuall appendage; head, lips,

3030 «73

?

I'i

If

2304 Bulletin ^7, Ihiitcd States National Museum.

vi**'' ■ '■■'

•y- yd

,1 t. ;

Ohamiiodeii mbnrrte, Kvkbmann & Bkan, Fishes of Indian River, Florida, in Kept. I^. s.

FiHli Coiiini. 1890, 247; not of Jokdan A: ClLnERT.
Chatiiioden novvmlhieatits, GUnthbu, Cat., HI, 220, 1861.

2745. CHANNODKH BON({l'IANIIN (Lact^pMe).

Heiul 3i; depth 3A. 1). XI, 19; A. II, 19. Orbital tentacle very miuuto
or wanting; maxillary extending to rather beyond eye; interocular apace
very narrow, not concave. Dorsal fin not einarginate, the spinuH slend«>r.
Dorsal Joined to base of caudal ; nual free. Color (in male) olive green,
with about 9 horizontal narrow blue lines, these somewhat irregular and
interrupted, converging backward; opercular membrane and a broad
stri])e through middle of spinous dorsal deep orange yellow ; anal lin dark,
the rays with white membranacecms tips; female dai'lt olive green, reticu-
lated with narrow, pale green lines, and with several broad dark bars,
which are more distinct posteriorly; vertical fins similarly marked; head
linely dotte<l with black; a dusky spot at base of caudal in both sexew.
Now York to Florida; comnnm southward in shallow water. (Named for
M. Hose, who collected at Charh'ston for Lacepede.)

lilennius hoaiiuianut, LACKPi':UE, Nat. Hist. Poiss., ii, 403, 1800 (fRiiiiile), South Carolina.

(Coll.Bosc)
.'I'liolit quadrifasciatus, 'Wood, Journ. Ac. Xat. Soi. Pliila., iv, 1824, 282, locality iinlinown,

jirobably South Carolina. (Coll. Rubens Pealo.)
Gha$iiiode» bogeiaim*, GCnthek, Cat , ni, 220, 1861.
Ohamnodeis hoBipiiamu, Jordan & Gn.nERT, Synopsis, 756, 1883.

889. HOMESTHES, Gilbert, now genus.

Hmnesthes, (Jilukbt, new genus (eaulopus).

Differing from i/i/j>«o?>/cnHiM8chiefly in the presence of 4 articulated von-
tral rays instead of 3, as usual in Blenniina'. Wo have (examined the von-
trals of Jljipaohlennws atriatiis, punciaiua, ionthas, (fintilis, and (jUhtrti, iind
havefVmnd them to consist constantly of 1 short, strong spine andSsiniiile
articnlat«Ml rays. In Homesthea catilopus there is 1 strong, short spine and
4 well-developed simple jointed rays, (6/<05, uniform; fdOi'oo, to eat.)

274((. HOMKNTHKN CAULOPUS, Gilbert, new species.

Ib'ad 3ii in length ; <lepth at base of vontrals 4, at middle of abdomen
3i|; least depth of caudal peduncle ^ length of head ; snout 4; eye 4 to
i^. D. XII, 1.") or 16; A. II, 17; P. 14. Lcuigest dorsal spine 2 J^; last d<n-sal

opercuia, etc., and base of the pectoral tins, finely spotted with bluish black, the spots
being larger on t\w front and opercuia; branchial opening extremely small, extending
^ of the length of the external curve of the operculum; mouth descending little; gape
moderate; sides of the head tlesiiy; body com^tressed ; rib spaces evident; sides witli
0 longitudinal whitish lines, some of which are nit«rrupted ; beliiud the eye and under
the dorsal fin are 2 irregular whitish patches; dorsal lin commencing before the pectoral
tins; between the first and second rays is an irregular blackish spot, several of the fol-
lowing rays are also s])otted, the color of '^e spots becoming lighter as they recede
toward the tail, where tliey mingle with the dusky color of the fin and are lost; fin ris-
ing jiosteriorly, and joining the caudal fin at al)out ^ the distance from its extremity ;
an.il tin commencing under the termination of the pectoral fin, and extending nearly to
the tail; caudal fin rounded; ventral fins 2-rayed; pectoral fins rather large, the base
thick and tleshv, finely s]>otted with bluish hlaek; anus small, tubercle small; color
brownish, fins dusky. I), mi; C. 12]; A. 20; y.2; P. 13. Length 34 inches ; depth, exclu-
sive of the dorsal fin, hardly 1 inch."

ht^'

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2395

spiuu 3i|^; loii;{«'8t (tenth) dorsal ray 2; longest (fift«'«'ntli) anal ray 2^ ;
vtMitralH \%\, longest perioral ray 1^ to IJ; eaiulal U. Rolnist, nuuler-
atoly compressed, with wide heavy bea<l and short, bluntly rounded
snout, the anterior profile of whieh is nearly v«'rtieal. In shape and
jjeneral appearanee uuich resemldiny; IlypHohlinniiia ijHherii. Mouth very
wide, horizontal, short, the luaxillaries reaehing vertical tVoni hinder
edge of pupil, 3 to 31, in head. Teeth, as usual in this group, the poste-
rior not enlarged or eanine-like. Nostrils with slightly elevated mar-
gins, scarcely tuhulai", the hinder edge t>f anterior nostril i)roduced into
a consjiicuous laciniate llap, about } as long as the dianu-ter of orbit. A
similar but larger orbital cirrus, divided nearly tt> the base into (5 or 8
slender iilameuts. Interorbital space deeply grooved, without median
ridge, «»pening posteriorly iut«» the d«'ep transvi'rse groove which sepa-
rates the orbital regi»m from the somewhat swollen o<-cipnt, its width
li eye. The mucous canals of head give off transverse branches which
opeu by numerous pores. These thickly beset the snout, snbocnlar region,
top of head, preopevcle, and upper portion of opercle. Width of gill slit
etpialing or slightly exceeding \ length of head, confined to area above
lower base of pectorals. First dorsal spine over margin of pi«'opercle ; spi-
nous dorsal low, of nearly uniform height, much lower than secoiul dorsal,
the spines rather strong at base, with w«uik reflexed tips ; membrane of last
dorsal ray Joined to extreme base of rudimentary caudal rays; anal U>w,
rising slightly p«>steriorly, leaving a short free interval between its last
lay and caudal. Lateral line strongly developed anteriorly foi' a distance
equaling length of head; from that point it is only faintly visible, declin-
ing abruptly to middle of sitles, along which it may be traced t<» base of
caudal ; the anterii)r portion gives oflf nunu^rous pairs of short transverse
lines, each of which ends in a pore; uo pores or lines are visibh' pitsteriorly.
Blackish, without sharp markings, the sides with irregular light blotches,
some of which are subcircular in outline and c<nitain 1 or nu)re black cen-
tral specks; the light markings near the back elongate and vertically
placed, faintly optlining dark bars of the ground coh)r; a vertical l)la<'k
blotch on cheek behind eye; lower parts lighter; no distinct bars on
head; tins all blackish, the anal, the ventralff, tlu^ lower caudal andiiectoral
rays deeper black; anal and caudal margined Mith white, some of the
dorsal rays narrowly tipp«!d with white; tentacles whitish. Two speci-
mens, 4 and \^ inches long, from Panama Bay. (Gilbert.) {uavXoz,
stem; Ttovs, foot.)

Ilomegihes eavlopus, (Iilbkht MS., Fishes of Panama, Panama. (Coll. Gilbert. Tm"',
No. 5623, L.S.Jr. Uuiv.Mus.)

890. SCARTICHTHYS, Jordan '&- Evermann, new genus.

!il

'1

li

1

™

I?

r
1
j

1 ■' i

/Scarf**, Jordan &. Evkumann, Clieck-List Fishes, 471, 1896 {rubropvnctatutt) ; ineoccupiod

by Scarteg, Swainson, a Kcnus of nianiiiials.
Scartichthys, Johdan & Evekmann, new genus (ruhriptiuctatus).

Body elongate, slowly declining to the caudal. Head obliquely com-
pressed, oblong, the profile more or less vertical. Eyes lateral, closely
approximated, situated at the angle of the profile with the iiostocular

-ft^

2396 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

n'gion. Gill a])erture8 contiiiuouH uiulur thu tbioat, gill inembrano free
from isthiiniH. Itruncliioategals 6. Month nioilcrate, the contour of tho
iipprr jaw 8«'iuicir(!ular; up])«>r jaw protruding beyond the 1ow«t; lips
moderate, uniform and free, conc<>a]ing th(f teeth. Tc«*th labial and mov-
able, very slendrr and recurved, cimtignous and uniserial; no posterior
canines. Dorsal fin divided; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal obtusely
rounded; pectorals moderate, angularly rounded ; ventrals approximated,
each with H simple rays, the internal of which is sntallent. This genus is
very close to the Old World genus, Salanas,* Cuvier, which difl'ers in
having the dorsal tin continuous, as in llupiacarUs. (dndprTfi, one who
leaps; ixOvi, lish.)

2747. H0AKTICHTHV8 RUBROPDNCTATUS (Cnvior &, Valenciennes).

Head 4; depth 4 (5 with caudal); D. XI-16; A. 20; eye 4^ in head;
teeth less flexible than in Bupi8cartea atlanticua ; no canine teeth ; the fore-
head not projecting beyond the mouth ; a very small tentacle on the neck,
a longer fringed one above the orbit ; dorsal tin deeply notched, not extend-
ing (m to the caudal. Color brown, marbled with black, and dotted with
reddish ; a black spot on th(^ anterior part of the dorsal ; throat with 2 or 3
brownish cross bands ; a jet-black spot behind eye, with a narrow edge
posteriorly. (Giinther.) Coast of Peru and Chile, north to Panama.
Specimens examined by us collected l»y Prof. Frank H. Bradley at Pearl
Islands, near Panama, and at Callao. Length 3 inches, {ruber, red;
puiictatiie, spotted.)

Salariat rubropunctaliu, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 348, 1830, Juan
Fernandez (Coll. Claude Gaf); GUnther, Cut., in, 240, 1861; Jordan & Gilbert,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1882, 628, not of Kner, Novara-Fische, 198.

8gi. RUPISCARTES, Swainson.

AWtcM«,t COMMERSON, in LAri^iPiiDE, Hist.Nat.Poiss., 11,458, 1800 («aKm»).
vlMictM.t Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 337, 1836 (altieiit).
Jiupucarteg, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Cljiss'n Anini., ii, 275, 1839 {altictu).

This genus, as here understood, differs from Salarias only in the])reHence
in 1 or both jaws of posterior canines. Dorsal fin continuous, without deep
notch. Vertebrae 12 -{-22 = 34 {atlanticua). {rupea, rock; dudprrf?, one
who leaps; liupiacartea tridactylua (alucua), "said to jump on the sea rocks
like a lizard." Swainson.)

*Salariai>, Cuvier, Re^e Anim., Ed. 2, ii, 175, 1829 {qtiadripiimU) . Hrpiehthys, Swain-
son, Nat. Hist. Clacs'n. Anim. ii, 275, 1839 (quadripinnig, etc). (traXapia, a modern Greek
name of Bhnniut b(UiUicu».)

t We do not think tbat the name AUicuft can be substituted for Bupiseartes, because
Lac6pMe does not adopt this genus of Comracrsou, but merges it in Jilennius, quoting
Commersou's .account as afootnote. This is as follows : "Altietis aaltatorius, i>innn spuria
in capitis vortice ; seu ^tinnula longitudinal! pone oculos cartilaginea ; seu alticus desultor,
occipite cristato, ore circulare deorsum patulo." Apparently this quotation of a generic
description not approved, does not give priority to the latter.

X This genus Altieua is not adopted by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Valenciennes speaks
of " un petit SalariatQWQ nous parait kin colui-lii m6uiu sur leqiiel Commerson avait6tabli
son genre Alticus J^ But a genus is not established until it is accepted by some authority
as M'ell aa deiincd.

i

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America.

2.397

8748. BUPIHVABTEN ATLANTICIIS (Ciivler & Valenolemies).

Head 4 to 4^ ; depth 3i to 3J. D. XII, 21 or XIII, 20 ; A. 24 or 25 ; vort**-
bnn 12 + 22 = 34; eye 4 to 4^ in head. Body rather high, compressed.
Head short, very hluiit, its width ahoiit 2 in the length; anterior profile
from first dorsal spiiio to above eye straight or slightly convex ; from then<-e
to tip of suont abrnptly decurved, in Home Hp(^<-imuiis nearly vertical.
Month inforior, lower jaw included; maxillary abont reai^hing posterior
liorder of eye. Teeth small, pectinate, the lower canines (exceedingly large
and entering the i<ivity in the palate. Bupraorbital tentacle well devel-
oped, slender; a group of 5 or G short tentacles on either side of head in
front of nostrils and on either side of neck, these shorter than pupil. Dor-
sal tin not emarginate, extending from a point above middle of operculum
to base of caudal ; anal lower than soft dorsal, 1^ to 2 in dorsal; pectorals
reaching past vent, about e<iualing head ; ventrals about 2 in head. " The
int«!Mtinal tract is more than 3 times as long as the entire body. The stnic-
turo of the skeleton is very similar to that of the Blennies; the jaw bones,
however, arc still shorter, and the intermaxillary and niandibulary are
deeply concave anteriorly. There are 12 abdominal and 22 caudal vorte-
bi*a), the former portion being only \ as long as the caudal.'' (Giinther.)
Some specimens, apparently males, with the anterior profile vertical and
very high; tins high; caudal lanceolate, the black median rays ranch
exceeding the outer palo ones. Females with the anterior profile a
nearly even curve, the caudal lunate, its median black rays shorter than
the outer pale ones. Body liver brown, paler be )w, with usually 5 or 6
darker cross bars extending on the dorsal ; a bla( k spot behind eye in all ;
fins mostly blackish, an orange area on upper edge of caudal; a yellow
one tinged reddish below; c^ye red posteriorly. Length 6 to 8 inches.
Tropical America, on both coasts, very abundant in rock pools, north to
West Indies and to Todos Santos. Here described from specimens from
Mazatlan.

Vunaru, Marcgrave, Hist. Brazil, 165, 1648, Brazil.

Salarias atlanticus, Cuvikb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 321, 1836, Madeira

(Coll. Riclumlson) Antilles (Coll. P16e) ; GOnther, Cat. Pisli., ni, 242, 1861.
llupitearles atlanticus, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Xat. Muh. 1888, 333.

892. ENTOMACRODUS,* Gill.

.SroIarta«, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Claaa'n Fifilios, 11, 274, 183J) (vermicularis,- not of Cuvieh).
Entomacrodug, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1859, 168 (niijrieans) .

This genus has large posterior canines a.s in llupiscarU.H, but the d()rsal
tin is divided into 2 tins as in Scartichthys. {iv, in ; ro/iioe:, cutting ; dhfjoi;,
sharp; oSoui, tooth.)

a. Orbital cirrus prosiMit; dorsal rays XII or XIII-15; canines small.

b. Cirrus above eye divided ; anal rays 15. chiostictus, 2749.

66. Cirrus above eye simple or nearly so; anal rays 18; body with pearly spots.

MARQARITACEUS, 2750.

* This genus is equivalent to Salariat of SwaiuHon, but the generic name Salarias was
based on Salarias quadripintiin, before either of the species referred to it by Swainsou
was made known.

^

'i \

V

' !i

111

I:
i

2398 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

aa. Orbitiil uirruH wanting ; no cirri nt iiiipe.

c. Dorsal ray» XII-19; aniil 15; body rather slender, the depth about 5 in length ;

body with bands and spots. decoratus, 2751 .

ce. Dorsal rays XI-15; anal 17; body very sltmder, the dcjith about 0 in length;

color blackish, nearly plain. Nioricans, 2752.

r(

2749. K>T()MA(;U0D1JS CIlIOSTK'TrS (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 4^ in length; depth 5^. D. Xll-lf); A. 15; eye 3;^ to If i»i head,
varying' with age. Body moderately elongate, compressed, the head
short, hlunt, almost globnlar, about as broad as deep, and a little longer
than broad. Mouth inferior, Avith little lateral cleft, the lowc^r jaw
included; width of cle't of mouth ji leng^ii of head. Teeth small, weak,
finely pectinate; canine teetli small, not so long as diameter of pup'l.
Supraorbital cirrus divided into 4, its height J that of eye; a few minute
slips at the na})e. Interorbital space channeled, narrower than eye.
Maxillary extending to behind middle of eye. No crest on top of head.
First dorsal low and even, its spines rather slender, the last spines short,
scarcely connected by membrane v.ith the soft rays; soft dorsal well
separated from caudal; caudal subtruncate, with rounded angles ; anal
lower than soft dorsal, with a little longer base; pectorals a little longer
than head; vcntrals about i as long. Color in life, olive brown above,
lighter below; 5 broad, dark bars from dorsal fin to middle of sides,
each terminating above on the iin, and below on sides in a pair of black
spots; sometimes only the dark spots are distinguishable, the bars being
obscure; sides below spinous dorsal with numerous black spcu'ks, and
with numerous oblong spots of bright silvery; sometimes a silvery streak
from upper porticmof base of pectorals to base of caudal ; a broad salmon-
colonul streak on each side of ventral line; sometimes the spac«^ between
the silvery lateral band and the base of the anal is darker, the vertical
bars again appearing as pairs of black, vertical blotches; head yellowish
olive, darker above, and reticulating with narrow brown lin«!S, these
appearing as parallel bars on the upp< r lip, and radiating from the median
lincxju the upper side of the head; vertical fins light grayish, with black
spots, which appear as wavy bars on the caudal fin ; pectorals and vcn-
trals pale, the former with a yellowish shade at base; orbital tentacles
bright red. Pacific coast of Mexico. Known from 4 specimens (the
largest 2J inches in length), taken in a deep rock pool at Mazatlan. Two
others taken by the Alhatroas from Clarion Island. (xi(hy, snov; driHTOi,
spotted. )

Salarict chiotticliix, .Tohdan \ (iii.iiKU'r, Synopsis, .'10;i, 188.1, Mazatlan, Mexico.
.Ti>rdiin A- Gilbert.)

(Coll.

2750. K>T<»MAl'KODrK NAIUJABITACRIIK (Pooy).

Head 5 in total length with caudal; depth 6L D. XII-14; A. 1, 14; eye
\i in head, well forward. Body large, snout abruptly decurved; mouth
very low, maxillary reaching anterior nostril, which has a li; Je tentacle;
(canines small) ; small tentacle^ over eye; gill membranes broadly connected,
free from isthmus; dorsal deeply emarginate, almost divided; anal begin-
ning under middle of body without caudal, and anal papilliu and caudal

'^^J^;^!!7^:"^':"J■ ■"'■'■?■>*";: '_^;iCJJi:iii^J^^i'-.-?-^--^:^

Jordan and Everntann. — Fishes of North America. 2399

rounded; voatrals short; lateral line present anteriorly, no tentacles on
nape. Color brown, with 2 vertical bands of a dusky silvery ; a central
point in each band shining bright. One specimen, 2\ inches long. Cuba.
(Poey.) Porhaps a <Sia{a)-ia8.

W<^ have the following notes on a specimen, possibly the typo of this
species, 8«'nt by Poey to the museum at Cambridge: Head 4^; deptli 5.
1). XII-15; A 18. Body slender. Interorbital concave. Head Hhort,
l)lunt, almost round; a small cirruH over the eye, none on nape. (Janines
present, small. Body with about 6 dark cross bar.s besides pearly spots
and various markings. Dorsal divided nearly to base. Closely resembles
Sahiriichthya textilia. {margarita, /napyapirr/i, pearl.)

Salartat margaritaceus, Poey, Momoriaa, n, 289, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. I'oey.)

2761. KNTOUACRODIIS DKl'ORATUK, I'oey.

Head 5 in total length with caudal; depth 5. D. XII-19; A. 15; P. 14.
Eye very high; anterior nostril prolonged in a tube; nape following a
Htraight line to the posterior n»»8tril, profile thin, following a straight and
obli(|ue line to mouth, which is very low .and short, the maxillary reaching
posterior nostril. Lower jaw shorter. Teeth movable, numerous, incurved,
'dose set, iti 1 row. (Canines not described.) No <'ilia on head. Dorsals
of eiiual length, the- soft rays more elevated ; anal similar to second dorsal ;
pectoral broad, its lower ray.s thickened ; caudal rounded. Color brownish
yellow; the bcMly with darker cross bands, which begin below the middle
of the first dorsal, alternating with narrower spaces of the ground color;
along the middle and tulges of the bands vertical rows of sky-blue spots ;
in the i)ale interspaces below the lateral line, which is much curved, a
white spot; 3 pale spots placed obliquely below the eye; rays of dorsal and
caudal dott«Ml with black. One specimen, 2 inches long. Cuba. (Poey.)
Not seen by us; perhaps a Salariaa. (dccoratiia, decorated.)

Entoirncrodtts decoratim, Poey, Syuupaitt, 398, 1868, Cuba. (('oil. I'ocy.)

275'i. KXTOMArilOllllS IVI(jRirA>'S, (Mil.

The el<)ngated body, from the snout to the end of the caudal fin, is
between 7 and 8 times longer than it is high at the pectorals. Its height
iit the caudal is about ^';, of the sam<^ length. The head is subi|uadrare,
and forms i^ of the total length. Its gre.'itest height e<|iuils :^^ of its length.
Its sidfc.^ decline obliquely outward and downward. The first <lorsal com-
mences near the nape, and 2 of its rays are in advance of the pectorals.
The second dorsal <H)mmences immediately behind the first, and nearly
over the fourth ray of the anal, it ceases some distance from the base of tlw
caudal. The anal is more uniform in height than the dorsal, and ceases
befor J it does. The caudal fcrms less than ! of the total length. D. XI-15 ;
A. 17 ; P. 15 ; V. 3. The general color of the body and tins is blackish. West
Indies. A single specimen was catight in shallow water, at the island of
Barbados, near Bridgetown. ((lill.) Not seen by us. («if//'ica»«, blackish.)

Kntomacroduii niifricans, Uu.h. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philn. 1859, 168, Barbados, (('oil. Dr.
Uill.)

2400 Bulletin ^y, Utiitcd States National Museum.

H'i:

\W

893. SALARIICHTHVa, Guichenot.

Salariiehthys, Guiohknot, M6m. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, xiii, 1867, 96 (texHlis).

This genus difters from Enfomacrodus in the presence of teeth on the
vomer; dorsal diseply notched; cirri presoiit over eye and on nupe; pos-
tierior canines small. (Salarias; ix^v^, fish.)

2753. SAIiABII€HTHY8 TEXTILI8 <Quoy & Gaimard).

D. XII, 16; A. 18. A fewbluntish teeth on vomer; tentacles very small,
fringed over nostril and eye, simple on neck; canines quite short;
depth 4n ; head 43 ; pectoral short, little longer than head ; gill membranes
broadly united, free from isthmus; dorsal notched almost to base, free
from caudal; orbital filament J eye. Olive, with 13 silvery cross streaks,
not i as wide as the dark interspaces, some of the cross streaks Y-shaped ;
both dorsals with cross markings, the second with 12 or 13 streaks of dark
obliquely Tipward and backward, alternately with similar pule streaks;
cross bars 011 sides bent in middle, extending up and back and down and
back from middle line parallel with muscular impressions; sides with
some obscure pale dots; caudal barred with 7 dark bars; anal darkest
mesially; lower side of head with dark streaks radiating from the isth-
mus; bars at chin Y-shaped, upper part of head with darker markings;
pectoral nearly plain; a dusky area at base below which is a dusky spot;
marblings at 1>a8e of dorsal. West Indies, from Bermudas to Brazil. Here
described from a specimen from Abrolhos Islands (Coll. Alhatrosa). This
specimen agrees fairly with the account given by Jonyns, but Jenyns
describes 5 bars on the tail. It also agrees fairly with the account of
the Bermuda specimens given by Goode. It is evidently the Salarias vo-
mcrinus of Cuvier & Valenciennes, and probably their tertilis also; but
their description of the latter does not apply very well to the coloration
of our specimen. {texUlis, woven.)

Salarias textilis, QuoY & Gaimahd MS., Ccvikr & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., xi,
307, 183(5, Ascension Island (Coll. Quoy & Gaimard); GCntheh, Cat., m, 248, 1861;
Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Miis., v, 29, 1876.

Salariug vomerinus, Cuviek & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 349, 1836, Bahia.
(Coll. Blaucliet.)

Salariiehthys textilis, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu». 1890, 329.

894. OPHIOBLENNIUS, Gill.

Wcnno;)/!!*, Valenciennes, inAVKnn &. BEnTHELOT, Poias. tlo8Canar.,60, 1844 («'<'66u; not

lllvnnoiiiiis, Cuviek & Valenciennes, a genus of Clinimh).
Ophioblennitis, Gill, Pruc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philu. 18U0, 103 {irebbii ; substitute for Blennophis).

Body oblong, strongly compressed, scaleless ; snout short, high, .abruptly
docurved anteriorly; synijihysis of low«^r jaw of 4 hooked canines, the
outer strongest and bent backward, alm«)8t forming a right angle; sides
of lower jaw with 2 or 3 still laig«!r canines, the hinderniost very large and
bent backward; upper .jaw with 4 slender canines in front, followed by a
long row of shorter, slender, movable teeth, which are set close together;
nasal tentacle digitate; a l;>w, simple tentacle above eye; gill openings
wide. Dorsal iiu long, the spines slender, sepurutud by a slight notch from

tl

HI
g«

Cli

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2401

the soft rays ; caudal lunate or forked, free from dorsal and anal ; ventrals
small, I, 2; lateral line incomplete; pectorals large. A strongly marked
genus, perhaps more nearly allied to /ilenniua tlian to EmbJemaria or
ChainopBis. (o0ig, snake; lilennina, in allusion to the fang-like teeth.)

a. D. X,20; A. 20; depth 5^ in length.

aa. D. XI,22; A. II, 23; depth 4^ in length.

WEBBII, 2754.
8TEINDACHNBBI, 2755.

S754. OPHIOBLfiNNIUS WEBBII (Valenciennes).

Head 5; depth SJ. I). X, 20; A. 20; P. 16. A slender tentacle above eye
in front, and a nmch broader one, divided into 4 to the base, above the
nostril. Snout obtuse, nearly vertical at tip; eye large; 4 teeth at end of
upper jaw, strongly pointed, curved backward like hooks ; lower jaw with
4 teeth at tip, the two middle ones like upper toeth, the two outer hidden
and turned backward ; a little recurved tooth on side of lower jaw ; caudal
fin forked; dorsal somewhat notched at the last bpine; lateral line ending
near middle of body. Olive green, light or dark; dorsal and anal dusky
violet, the base pale; back and sides often with fine points; a dark spot
behind eye; the silvery swim bladder showing through sides of belly.
(Steindachner). Tropical Atlantic; known only from the Canaries and
Barbados ; not seen by us. (Named for P. B. Webb, one of the explorers of
the Canary Islands.)

Blennophis webbii, Valknciknnks, in Webb & Berthelot, ties Cauar., Poiss., 60, pi. 20,
f. 1, 1844, Portaventura, Canary Islands (Coll. Webb) ; " caught in myriads at Puerto
de Cabras in August, eaten as Anchovias" (Webb); GCntheb, Cat., ni, 259, 1861;
Steindachnkb, Icbth. Notizon, vi, 48, 1867.

Ophioblennitm webbi, Jubdan & Gilbbbt, Synopsis, 756, 1883.

8755. OPHIOBLENMUS 8TEINDACHXERI, Jordan & Evermann, new speciea.

Head 4 to 41 ; depth 4 to 4*. D. XI, 22 ; A. II, 23 ; V. 1, 2 ; P. 15. Head
much compressed; eye 3^ in head; snout 4^. Dorsal beginning above gill
opening, ending just before caudal, its soft ra\ h somewhat higher than
the spines, the highest spine If in head; caudal and pectorals each about
as long as head; ventrals 1| in head. Dark golden brown, sometimes
with a broad cross band of dusky violet on back and dorsal fin; caudal
with 2 dark longitudinal stripes; dorsal and anal purplish or orange; an
intense, round, dark, ocellated spot behind eye. (Steindacliner.) West
const of Mexico ; not seen by us ; recorded from near Ma/atlan and the Tres
Marias iHlands. (Named for Dr. Franz Steindachner.)

Blennophin {Ophioblenniut) webbi, Steindachner, Ich. Beitr., vui, 41, 1879,5 specimens
70 mm. long, from Navidiul near Mazatlan and the Tres Marias Islands.

Ophioblenniut uteindachneii, J ohdah &. Evermann, Check- List Fishes N. and M. A., 472,
1896, name only, Tres Marias Islands; after Stbindachneb.

895. EMBLEMARIA, Jordan & Gilbert.

Enibleinaria, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, 1883, 627 (nivipes).

Body slender, not eel-shaped, compressed, scaleless. Ventrals present,
jugular, each of 1 spine and 2 soft rays. A single high dorsal fin egin-
ning on the nape and extending to the caudal, with which it is not conllu-

< '^ its!

] I: f

'^1

2402 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ent; no notch between apinous and soft parts. Head cuboid, compressed,
narrowed anteriorly. Symphysis of lower jaw forming a very acute angle.
A Hingle scries of strong, blunt, conical teeth on each jaw, and on vomer
and palatines. Vomer and palatine teeth larger, their series continuous,
parallel to the series in upper jaw. No cirri at the nape; sometimes a
cirrus on upper part of eyeball. Gill openings very wide, the membranes
broadly united below, free from the isthmus. Lateral line obsolete. This
genus bears some resemblance to Blenniu8, but the dentition is entirely
different, approaching that of ChoHopsis. Troi)ical America, in rather deep
water. (Emolema; e/i^JXt/fia, a banner.)

a. Eye without cirrus.

b. Depth 5 in louj^tli ; dorsal rays 33 ; ventrnls not pure white. atlantica, 2756.

bb. Depth 7 in length; tlorsal rayH 37; veutrals pure white. nivipes, '2757.

aa. Eye with a long cirrus on eyeball above pupil; ventrals duaky; maxillary not

exti^nding bc^yond eye. ocuLOcmnis, 2758.

^l^l

27fi((. KMItLKMAKIA ATLANTICA, Jordan &. Evcrninnn, new species.

Head SK ; depth 5. D. 35 ; A. 24 ; P. 15 ; V. 3. Body slender, compressed ;
head heavy ; snout evenly decurved ; mouth large, horizontal, reaching back
of eye. .laws with short, strong, incurved conical teeth. Fin rays long
and filamentous, the longest dorsal rays as long as head ; anal rays shorter.
Coloration faded in the type, but traces of about 7 broad brown vertical
bars as Itroiid as eye and twice as broad as the pale int»a-spaces, the dark
bars extending upon dorsal iin; ventrals pale. Gulf of Mexico. Known
from 1 speciiuen, 3^ inches long, taken from the stomach of A^romoHts aya,
on the Snapper lianks off Pensacola, Florida; very close to E. nivipes, hut
more robust, with fewer dorsal rays.

Embhmaria atlantica, Johdan & Evermann, Check-List Fishes, 472, 1896, name only,
Snapper Banks off Pensacola, Florida. (Type, Xo. 33915. Coll. Silas Stearns.)

2757. KimtLEHARIA MVIPES, Jordan &. Gilbert.

Head .3J in length; depth 7. D. XXIII, II; A. 25. liody everywhere
equally compressed, posteriorly tapering; head wi<ler than body, of about
<'qual (leptii, with veiy short, sultvertical, sharply compresstMl snout; ej'es
very larg«>, approximated above, with some vertical range; orbital ridges
sharply r.-iised above, the interorltital region very narrow, channeled,
about equaling diameter of pupil; eye 3g in head. Gape very wide, hori-
zontal, low, reaching much bey(»nd eye, the maxillary about f head, not
pit>duced beyond angle of mouth; intermaxillaries separated by a groove
fnun tlu' snout, this groov«^ continuous for the entire length of the upper
jiiw, maxillary not evident, apparently aduate to the skin of thepreorbital.
First <lorsal spine inserted over margin of preopercle; spines all very
slender and flexibl»% the posterior but weakly diilerentiated from the soft
rays, the anterior i>ortion of tin very high, the spines iillform, not exserted
beyond the nieniltraiie; the longest <lorsal .spine about jt length of body,
the last spine about i head; membranes of last rays of both dorsal and
anal slightly joined to base of caudal. Front of anal nearer snout than

Jordan and Evt "matin. — Fishes of North America. 2403

l:;ise of caudal by a distaucu equaling ^ length of head. Caudal 'i leugth
of head ; ventrals aud pectorals slightly loss. Color in spirits, sides dark
brown, with 8 to 10 lighter vertical barn of variable width ; body lighter
)>elow; obscure cross bands on lower side of head; dorsal blackish ante-
riorly, wliitish behind, with membrane at intervalsof every second, third,
or fourth ray dusky; caud<al light at base, its tip black. sh; anal dusky
translucent ; ventrals bright white, th<' basal portion dusky. I'earl Islands,
near Panama. A specimen 2 inches long is the typo of the species. Numer-
ous smaller specimens were obtained at the same time, (nix, nj'rj«, snow;
l>e8, foot.)

Kmblemaria nivipes, Jordan & Gu.bbkt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1883, 027, Pearl Islands,
near Panama. (Type, No. 29076. Coll. Prof. li'nink II. Bradley.)

2758. KHBIiEMARU OCULOCIRRIK, Jordan.

1 ^

«.

Head .Sf; depth 6|. D. about .%; A. 25. Upper part of eyeball above
pupil (sclerotica) witli a slender cirrus tipped with black, this nearly as
long as eye ; eye longer than snout, about 8J in head, the maxillary extend-
ing to below posterior pjut of pupil; snout sharper than in Emhlemarin
iiivipes, ^ eye; teeth small, rather sharp, directed backward; longest
dorsal spines as long as head; pectorals 1^ in head; ventrals 1 = , inserted
before pectorals. Color in spirits, brown, with traces of about 9 blackish
crossbars, which are separated on the back by whitish, quadrate inter-
spaces ; a white spot at nape ; some dusky below eye ; dorsal dusky, the
pale bars of back extending on its base ; anal dusky; ventrals blackish;
(;audal pale, its tip black; pectorals pale. Gulf of California. Kuowii
from 1 specihien, 1.} inches long, from La Paz. It is shriveled and in poor
condition. It seems to be very close to Emblemaria nivipcH, but dilfers in
the presence of an ocular cirrus, in the sharper snout, smaller mouth, and
dusky ventrals. The teeth seem rather more slender, but can not be
well examined, (ocm/ms, eye; cirrMS, filament.)

Etiihlemaria oeulneirvis, .Jordan, in Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1896, 456, La Paz.
(Tyiie, No. 47749. Coll. Albatrogg.)

■■\

' 1

8g6. CH.SNOPSIS, Gill.

Ohrpnopnin, GiLi., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vni, 1865, 141 (ocellatus) .

Body naked, eel-like. Head much elongate, quadrate behind, conic in
front, prolile straight; snout acute, jaws ])roduced; no t(^eth on vomer,
teeth in front of Jaws strong, with villiform teeth behind them. Dorsal
and anal long, continuous, confluent with the caudal. 1 )or8al raya about
XVIII, 38; anal II, 38. Ventrals inserted slightly before pectorals. West
Indies, (xaiya), to yawn; oi/'/s, face.)

2750. ('II.KXOPSIK OCELLATUS, Poey.

I). XVIII, .38; A. II, 38; C. 15. liody naked, eel-like; anus submedian.
Head much ehtngate, quadrate behind at the oi)ercnlar region, coui«i in
front, with th*^ pritfilo rectilinear and the snout ai-ute; eyes moderate ;

»'

P
w

2404 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

mouth large, with the cleft wide and nearly horizontal. Teeth subcylin-
dricul, in a uniform row, behind which, in front, there is a broad band of
villiform teeth ; on the palatine bones, uniseriul and obtusely subcylin-
drical like those of the jaws; the palatine rows are parallel; vomer eden-
tulous. Gill membranes confluent below, free from the isthmus. Dorsal
and anal long, confluent with caudal; ventrals slightly in advance of pec-
torals, with 2 or 3 rays. (Gill.) Matanzas, Cuba; 1 specimen, examined
by us in the National Museum. {ocellaUis, having eyo-like spots.)

Ohamopsis oeellatut, Poet, in Gill, Anu. Lye. Nat. llist. N. Y., vni, 1867, 143, Matanzas,
Cuba. (Coll. Pooy.)

of

ostl

of

whj

(iuj

fatl
LiicM

897. LUCIOBLENNIUS, Gilbert.

Lueioblenniut, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 103 {alepidotus).

Body very elongate, wholly naked ; gill membranes broadly united, free
from isthmut) ; dorsal An single, extending along the entire back, its ante-
rior half spinous. Ventrals in front of pectorals, I, 2. First two anal
rays spinous. Last rays of dorsal and anal Joined to caudal. Teeth conic,
not movable, in jaws and on vomer and palatines. Lateral line not de-
scribed, A strange genus, evidently very close to Vhwnopaia. {Lucius, pike ;
Blennhis, bleiiny.)

2700. LVCIOBLGNMUS ALEPIDOTUS, (Hlbert.

Head 3 in length; depth 3 J in head. D. XVIII, 32; A. II, 30. Body
much compressed, slender througliout, tlie head rather deeper and wider
than body. Snout long, depresse<l, and rather wide, the anterior profile
descending very gradually. Mouth nearly horizontal, the lower jaw pro-
truding, the gape extendiug to much l>eliind orliit, the entire physiognomy
remarkably pike-like. Snout 4 in head ; maxillary 1|; eye4|- to 5. Teeth
in a A'illiform baud in upper jaw, the outer series slightly larger; in lower
jaw in a single series laterally, widening into a patch anteriorly, the outer
enlarged ; a few teeth only on vomer ; palatines with a long and rather
broad patch similar to those in jaws. Dorsal fin beginning on the nape
in .advance of middle of opercle, the fin uniformly low, extending the
whole length of back, the posterior ray joined by memliraue with the
caudal; the spines and rays are similar in appearance, flexible and simple,
none of the soft rays branched ; the spines are more slender, and show no
joints, the articulations ]>eing present in small num1»er on all the soft rays ;
the highest ray is less than diameter of orbit; anal and caudal rays simi-
lar to those of soft dorsal; caudal short, rounded; origin of anal mid-
way between tip of snout and end of caudal fin, its first 2 rays spinous;
ventrals under opercular margin, of 1 spine and 2 well-developed rays,
nearly i as long as head; pectorals narrow, of apparently unbranched
rays, about i as long as head. Color light olivaceous, with 11 vorti-
cal dark blotches on sides, most of which divide to form on middle of
Hides double vertical bars; top and sides of head with dark <'londings,
and with numerous black specks of varying size ; middle of sides and base

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2405

of dorsal with uiiiuorous pearly dotH nearly as large aa pupil; branchi-
ostegal membraue black posteriorly; the lateral bars extended to base
of dorsal, the anterior ones usually forming couHpicuous black blotches
which extend w^ell up on tlui fin; other fiiis unmarked. Length 1^ inches,
(iiilf of California; two specimens from Albatross Station 30()5, in 21
fathoms. {aXEiti8a)T6<i, scaleless.)

Liidohlenniut alepidotut, (iILREKT, Proc. IT. S. N'at. Miih. 1890, 103, Lower California
(Coll. Alhatro8t) ; Jukuan, Proc. Cul. Ac. Sci. 1896, 23», i>l. 37.

- i.tU

'ft I

898. PHOLIDICHTHYS, lUcekcr.

Pholidichthys, Bleekeu, Bot^roe, 406, 1856 (leucotwnia) .

Body elongate, tapering, naked ; snout obtuse; no cirri; tt^eth unequal,
ou jaws only; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins distinct, but connected by a
membrane ; the dorsal formed of flexible spines ; the soft rays, if present,
not distinguishable from them ; ventrals inserted scarcely before the pec-
torals, of 2 rays. Lateral line and vertebne undescribed. Tropical parts
ofthePacitic. {Pholis; f^Ot;s, lish.)

i f -^

.■■I

2761. PHOLIDICHTHYS ANGUILLIFOBMIS, Lockington.

Head 6^ in total length with caudal; depth 16. Body exceedingly
elongate, much compressed, naked; upper profile of head forming a con-
tinuous convex curve to the tip of the snout, which is about equal in
length to the eye. Eye lateral, round ; interorbital space about ^ of the
diameter of the eye, convex transversely. Posterior extremity of maxil-
lary vertical with the hinder margin of the eye. Tip of snout a I'ttle
below the level from the center of the eye; month moderately oblique,
lower jaw slightly the longer. Teeth of lower jaw in a dose-set row, the
largest in front, diminishing along the sides; teeth of upper jaw similar,
but smaller; palate smooth. Vertical fins continuous, but distinct; dor-
sal entirely spinous ; anal commencing a little behind the middle of the
entire length of the fish; ventrals 2-rayed, very slightly in advance of
the pectoi'als, which are about equal in length to the distance of their base
from the eye. Color in spirits, '^t^rk blackish brown mingled with white
upon top, sides, and low«»" .c'.nS of head; interorbital area and top of
snont white. Gulf of California ; a single specimen dredged off San Jose
Island, Amortiguado Bay. Total length 1^^^ inches. Head i inch. The
example is broken acrgss, the branchiostegals are defective, the caudal fin
I ;oken and some fin rays missing, so that the fin formula can not be
exactly given. The dorsal fin has above 60 rays. The body is much more
slender than that of P. leucotwnia, Bleeker, and there is no trace of the
longitudinal bluish- white band of that species. ( Lockington. ) (J nguilla,
eel; forma, shape.)

Pholidiehthyt anguilliformi*, Lockington, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881, 118, San Jose
island, Lower California. (Coll. W. J. Fiahur.)

m

^m

2406 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

m

899. PSEDNOBLENNIUS, .lenkius &, KviMiuann.

Pgednoblenniut, Jenkins & Evkrmann, I'roc. U. 8. Nut. Atiw. 1888, 150 (hi/jiacantliux).

Body comproMsed, eloii;?ate, naked; head short, Iduut; no cirri; mouth
hu'ge, the jaws subequal; teeth in a single series iu eacli jaw, non«i 011
vomer or palatines; lateral line not developed. Dorsal lins 2, the fix'st at
the nape, of three flexible spines; second dorsal with a few slender spines
which pass iiitt» the soft rays; anal much shorter than sei'ond dorssal, both
lins j«»ined to base of caudal; dorsal rayn III-34; anal 27; ventral rays 2,
the fin directly below pectorals. Apparently close to PhoUdwhthys, but
with the dorsal divided and changing gradually from spines to soft rays.
{ipedvoi, naked; Blennins.)

27«2. PNKDXOBLENNinS HYP ACANTHUS, Jenkius & Everniann.

Head 4| (5 iu total) ; depth 7 (8) ; eye i, equal to snout; H. G. I). III-3t ;
A. 27. Body greatly compressed, elongate ; head short, snout blunt, about
equal to eye; auteorbital prolile veiy steep, gently rounded from irout of
eye to first donil, from there nearly straight to caudal; ventral lino nearly
straight. Bo<^/ naked, no membranaceous apw'iiJ.i^cs. Mouth large,
horizontal, jaws subequal, extending to beyond middle of eye. Teeth in
a single series iu each jaw, well developed, pretty uniform in size, slightly
projecting backward; vomer ami X)alatiueB ai»pareiitly 8mo(»th. Ey<'
large, ecjual to twice interorbital space, high up. Dorsal fins 2, the first
of 3 very slender, flexible spines, hard to distinguish from soft rays, but
they do not appear to be at all jointed. This lin is inserted upon the
nai)e immediately above the posterior edge of the preopercle, and a dis-
tance in front of second dorsal nearly equal to length of snout, its very
soft spines equal distance from end of snout to posterior rim of orbit;
second dorsal begins directly over origin of pectorals and extends to
caudal, with which it is slightly <'onnected; first few rays of secoiul
dorsal very weak, flexible spines, the last few pretty evidently soft,
jointed rays, while the intermediate ones are not distinguishable as
definite spines or soft rays — in short, th-re seems to be a gradual change
from spines to soft rays from the an*" . lor to the posterior part of the fin.
This character, if we mistake not, ia entirely unique. The fin is of nearly
uniform height, the raj's about equaling those of the first dorsal in length ;
anal similar to second dorsal in shape and height, but much shorter, its
origin being much behind that of the second dorsal or nearly halfway
from the snout to bas*^ of caudal; posteriorly it extends coterniinously
with the dorsal, and, like it, is slightly joined to Wio caudal lin; caudal
fin apparently rounded, fan-shaped, but Hs shape can not be exactly nnide
out, as some of its rays are l)rokeu off; pectorals inserted below axis of
body, directly over ventials, their length about 4 that of head; ventrals
of 2 rays, inserted under pectorals, about equal to jtectorals in length ;
body entirely scalchsss. Coloration in ab'ohol, pale, mottled with fine
dark points so arranged as to inclose circular areas with fewer spots; a
long dark blotch behind the axil, inclining downwiird and backward;
head covered with similar puuctulations; opercles dusky; chin with 2

!'\'^'^T*^^»'T?;T^ -'

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2407

dark cross lines, separated by 1 of white, extending onto upper jaw on
each side; top of head with a purple spot; sides witli a series of ahout 6
short black lines, the List broadest and plainest; base of caudal with a
distinct black blotch; fiittl d<»rsal quite dark, almost black; second dorsal
with about 8 pretty well-defined dark blotches at its base, rest of fin with
numerous dark spots of difierent sizes ; anal with about 12 dark blotches
extending somewhat regularly from the base slightly forward, these
separat«Hl by nlain unmarked spaces of a little greater width ; caudal
sparingly marked with dark points arranged in wavy cross bars; pec-
torals and ventrals unmarked. Gulf of California at Guaynias. A single
specimen, If inches long, obtaine(^ from a shallow arm of the bay.
(.lenkins & Evermann.) {vitOy below (imperfect); tinavba, spine.)

Vsednohleiin'm* hypacanthus, Jenkins & Evebmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1888, 156,
Guaymas, Mbxico. (Type, No. 30638. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.)

goo. STATHMONOTUS, Bean.

StatlimonoHis, Bean, Proc. V. S. Nat. Miis. 1885, 191 (hemphillU).

Body moderately long and low, much compressed; head small, com-
pressed, naked; moutli small, oblique; conical teeth in both jaws, in 2
series, the outer slightly enlarged and, in the upper jaw, somewhat re-
curved; a few teeth on the vomer. Gill membranes, as in Pholis, broadly
united, free from the isthmus. Scales none. No lateral line. Dorsal fin
long and low, beginning near the head, and consisting entirely of stiff,
.sharp spines, which are very short anteriorly and gradually increase in
size posteriorly. Anal similar to dorsal, with 2 spines and m.-iny soft
rays. Caudal short, rounded, scarcely separated from the dorsal and
anal; pectorals small, much smaller than in I'holis, containing only a few
rays; ventrals better developed than in Pholia, their position more anterior,
consisting of a spine and 2 rays. Psendobranchiie absent. Hranchios-
tegals 5. Coast of Florida. {6raO/.n), a carpenter's rule; vcDrog, back.)

irll

2;»S. STATHMONOTl'N IIENPIIILLU, liean.

Head 7; depth 8 to 8^; D. LI; A. II, 27; V. I, 2: P. 5 or 6; eye (i
in head. Maxillary extending about to vertical through hind margin of
eye; jaws subequal, or the lower projecting very slightly beyond upper;
eyes small, separated by an interspace about equal to their own length,
and very slightly greater than hingth of snout; pectoral very little more
than ^ as long as head, and scarcely as long as venti'al ; doi'sal beginning
over posterior end of pectoral, its anterior spines very much shorter than
the posterior ones; length of cauda' about equal to length of postorbital
part of head; vent slightly in advance of middle of total length to base
of caudal, and about under the twentieth dorsal spine. Colors from the
alcoholic specimen : A white line extending from tip of snout to candal,
divided into small segments by short cntss bars, the first 2 on the head,
and the last at origin of caudal; posteriorly, these short bars extend
downward, termiuatiug slightly below the base of the dorsal fin ; several
white blotches, simulating bars, on posterior half of anal tin; edge of

2408 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

caudal white; sides aud iiiidor surface of lutad with several whitish ob-
lique bands forming V-shaped markings; a f«^w roundish white bh)tchos
on sides of head, the most conspicuous behind eye; general color darkisli
brown, nearly black. Length al)Out 2 inches. Key West; 2 specimeiiH
known. (Bean.) (Named for the collector, Henry Hemphill.)

Stathmonotm hemphillii, Bean, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Alus. 1885, 101, pi. 13, Key West, Florida.
(Coll. Hunry Huiupliill. Tyi>e, Ko. 37103, U. S. Nat. Mus.)

Its!;,

901. BRYOSTEMMA, Jordan & Starks.

Jtryottemma, Jobdan cfc Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1805, 841 (polyactocephalum).

liody moderately elongate, covered with small scales; snout short; no
teeth on vomer or palatines ; teeth in jaws small ; gill membranes united,
free from the isthnms; nostrils, orbital regions, aud neck with dermal
llaps, the supraorbital daps high. Dorsal tin long, of spines only; pecto-
rals well developed, more than half length of head; ventrals w«*ll devel-
oped, jugular; caudal fin distinct. No air bladder or pyloric ca'ca. No
true lateral line ; a short series <»f large pores above pectoral. North Pa-
cific, representing Chirolophia of th«! Atlantic. This genus dlflfers from the
European genus, Chirolophis, Swainson (Hhiiniops, Nilsson), in the absence
of a true lateral line. Dr. Boulenger informs us that a true median lat-
eral lino is developed in Chirolophia aaoanii. {/ipvov, moss; drejujiia,
crown.)

a. Dorsal -with about 60 spines ; anal with about 55 soft rays ; a black spot on anterior

part of dorsal, but no ocelli postcriorily. polyactocephalum, 2704.

aa. Dorsal with about 54 spines; anal with 40 soft rays; dorsal with several black

ocelli, most distinct po8t«riorly. nduator, 2765.

2764. BBY08TEHHA POLl'AC'TOC'EPHALUH (Pallas).

Head 6i ; depth 6. D. LXI ; A. 55 (51 to 57) ; P. 14 ; V. 1, 3 ; lateral series
with 9 to 15 pores. Body elongate, much compressed, < overcd witl> ^;mall,
smooth, embedded scales. Head very short, blunt in profile ; mouth short,
terminal, the maxillary 3 in head; lower jaw heavy, projecting, its tip
with 2 small slender cirri, which are pale in color; teeth subequal, small,
bluntish, close set, in 1 row in each jaw; eyes 4 in head, near together;
the snout 4; supraorbital cirri 2^ in head; interorbital space fiat; a fiat
fringed cirrus over front of eye, these 2 joined at base, about 3 in head; a
small cirrus about i length of this over posterior part of each eye, these 5
to 6 in head ; top of head and nape covered with series of erect cirri, the
longest nearly as long as eye; about 15 minute cirri along dorsal edge of
lateral line, 1 on each pore. Rows of pores running around eye, under pre-
opercle, and along entire length of the short lateral line; lateral series of
pores i length of head ; gill rakers not developed. Dorsal fin beginning over
pectoral and running to caudal ; anterior rays fringed with fleshy cirri ;
first ray, including cirri, 2 in length of head; anal beginning close be-
hind vent and running to caudal, to which it is joined at base; distance
from tip of snout to vent nearly 3 in body ; pectoral fin but little shorter
than head, its breadth at base not i its length. Color in spirits, pale

Jordan and Evcnnami . — Fishes of North America.

2409

brownish, plain or mottled with darker, with about 13 ilark blotclics along
dorsal and unul fins, more diHtinct ou «lorHul; a black spot on fourth to
sixth dorsal spinoH very distinitt; a faint one ou anterior part of anal; a
few dark markings about hrad and nape; cirri mostly pale, lioring Sea,
south to Puget Sound and Yozo. Hero dea(u-ibod from a line specimen, (SA
inches long, from I'ort Orchard, near Seattle, collected by Prof. (). II. John-
son. Other speuimena before us from St. Paul (Pribilof Islands), from
Albatross Stations .3213 and 3274, south and north of the I'eninsula of
Alaska, and from I'etrcpaulski Harbor, Kamchatka. These spueimeus
show a great deal of variation, and possibly represent 3 difft^ient species.
It is more likely, however, that they represent extremes of variation.
Young examples, eollected by the Albatross in eastern Uering Sea, are nu»re
elongate and less compressed; body much mottled and vaguely barred ;
ventral fins checkered in line pattern; head sand c<dor; a black blotch on
fourth to sixth dorsal spine ; anterior <Iorsal spine little elevated and with
few fringes; sides of head without cirri; anterior cirri joined almost to
the tip, a little shorter than the posterior cirri, which are long and
very slender. In 1 specimen of these, however, the cheeks are cctv-
ered with densely matted cirri extending from the angle of the mouth
to the dorsal. In these examples the anterior cirri are short and sep-
arate, about as long as the posterior cirri. The larger exantplo, 75 cm.
loi , from Potropaulski, is evidently the typical polyavtoceplialum, and
corresponds perfectly to Herzenstein's account of B.jaitonictim. It shows
the following characters: Head 6^; depth 5.1. D. LXI; A. 45; P. 14;
V. I, 3; lateral series with 6 pores. Body a little deeper than in Puget
Sound examples; head short, blunt in profile; mouth short, terminal,
oblique, the maxillary 2| in head; lower jaw heavy, projecting, its tip
with 2 broad fringed flaps of a dark color; eyes 4 in head, close together,
the interorbital space concave ; a fringed cirrus above each ey(> in front, the
2 connected with each other only in the thickened skin at base; a similar
cirrus over each eye behind; the posterior cirri i; longer than the ante-
rior ones, 2^ in head; top of head and nape with similar cirri, none of
them longer than pupil; a few small cirri on cheeks and opercles; some
along lateral series of pores, which is 2i in head; anterior rays of dorsal
fringed with fleshy cirri, the first 2 in head ; distance from snout to vent
2J in body ; pectorals nearly as long as head, tlu^ rays thickened in the
adult, the base of the fin about \ its length. Color very dark brown, with
vague cross bands and many spots; dorsal and anal each with a broad
black edge; other tins all black, the caudal barred. Perhaps the dark
coloration and long cirri are characters of the adult male. (TToAi's, many ;
duTii, ray; wc0ttA//, head.)

Blennius polyaetoeephalux, Pallas, ZooI. Rosso-Asint., ni, 179, 1811, Kamchatka.
Ghiroloyhvg japonicus, Herzbnstein, Melanges Biologiquos Soc. Sci. PetorNb., xin, 1890,

12a, Yczo.
ChirolophU polyactoeephalus, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 765, 1883 ; Bean in Nelson,

Kept. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 305, pi. 15, f. 2, 1887.
Bryottemma polyaetocephahtm, Jordan & Stabks, Proo. Cal. Ae. Sci. 1895, 841 j Jordan &

Gilbert, Kept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.
3030 74

h

'" <i3

([ I

a

fr

i*■^ ^i

I ^ !

J

m

I'

.'.*

2410 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

Iim. BRYOSTKMMA ISUOATOR, Jortlun & WiUiaiiiB.

Head 5^; depth 5i; D. LIV; A. 41; V. 1^3; pores of lateral line 25.
no<ly elongate, less conipresBcd than in liryostemma jioli/actocephalum, cov-
ered with small, smooth, emhedded Hciiles. Hoiid short, very obtuse, almost
triinciito; top of head from nostrils to near front of dorsal covered with
tloshy cirri, much smaller than in B. polyactoccphalum; only 2 or 3 small ones
extending on first dorsal spine; supraorbital cirrus short, 4 to 5 in head;
2 small cirri placed at the sides of snout with a larger median one behind
tlicm, forming a triangle ; jaws equal ; mouth horizontal, the angle extend-
ing to 1)elow pupil; eyes small, 4 in head; snout very short, almost verti-
cally truncate, % in eye; teeth of both jaws subeqnal, short, bluntish, and
close set. Lateral line short, 7^ in length of body, concurrent with the
dorsal outline of body. A line of pores begins in front of eye on a level
with pupil, runs under eye and to a level with pupil again, then back to
and along the entire length of the short lateral line. Gill rakers not
developed ; gill membranes free from isthmus. Vent ^ distance from tip
of Huout to tip of jaudal ; distance from origin of ventral to anus 4^ in
length of body Foctoral fin 5^ in body, as long as head. Dorsal fin begin-
ning in front of the pectoral, highest along the posterior half, the long-
est spine 2)t in head, the fin higher than anal; dorsal slightly joined to
caudal; anal separated from caudal; caudal rounded, 1^ in head; iirst
dorsal spine 4^ in head, its surface with 2 or 3 small cirri. Color in spir.
its of 1 specimen, probably male, dark brown, with 13 pale cross bars
along back, extending on dorsal fin; along sides these become obsolete;
on belly they become increased in number and broadened below; dorsal
fin with 13 large, very distinct black ocelli with yellowish rings, 1
between each pair of the pale blotches; anal with about 7 small blackish
spots at base on posterior part, the fin otherwise nearly plain; caudal
faintly barred with light and dark; pectorals pale, with 2 dark pale-
edged oblique bars before it; sides of head with irregular dark vertical
bars, I of them forming an inverted A below eye, this and others extend-
ing across lower jaw; cirri mostly black. The other specimen, probably
the female, has the body nearly plain brown, the dorsal with but 4 ocelli,
the antericr 1) being r<'placed by dark bars on the fin; anal with dark
oblique cross bars; pectorals barred with black; markings on head more
sharply defined, coloration otherwise similar. This second specimen is 4|
inches in length, the other 4. Puget Sound; the above account from the
2 original types from near Seattle. Three others since obtained near
Channel Hocks, Port Orchard, show the following life coloration: Dark
red above, orange brown below, belly cream color; sides below with
cream-colored cross bars, wider than eye, running from the axis of body
downward and fading into the general color below; a A-shaped mark
downward from eye across branchiostegals to isthmus, a similar mark
behind eye across edge of preopercle, this last sometimes broken up
and chain-like; top of head dark; snout light; 2 obli(iue dark bars at
ba«e of pectoral; dorsal with 12 or 13 sharp dark brown spots as large as
eye, edged with bright red, these arranged regularly along the whole
length of fin ; pectorals and caudal bright red with wavy, irregular, brown

lii
th
br

Hi

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2411

it;:

'•::%

^

:.k^

lines running acrosH the ruyn; anal red, with dark Itruwn bars as wide aa
tlie iutorspaces running oblit^uely downward and forward; v«;Dtrals light
brown, (imgator, a fop.)

Hryottetama mujator, Johdan & Wilmamh, Proc Cat. Ac. Sci. 1805, 84.1, pi. 101, Seattle,
Washington. (Cull. Youug Nat. Soc. Typu, No. 3134, L. S. Jr. Uuiv.)

902. APODICHTHYS, Cirard.

Ajtodichthyn, OiKARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sel. Phila.1854, 150 (jlavidus).

Body elongate, compressed, covered with very small scales; no lateral
line; snout short; mouth moderate, obliciuc; teeth in the jaws moderate,
stouter anteriorly; vomer witli teeth; gill nieml»raneH united, free from
tlie isthmus. Dorsal tin long, low, even, of spines only; anal lin similar,
])recedcd by a very large pen-shaped spine channeled along its ant«>rior
surface and hidden in a pouch of skin; caudal iiu short, connected with
dorsal and anal ; no ventral fins; pectoral tins moderate; intestinal canal
short, without pyloric ca>,ca. Small, bright-colored iisbes of the I'acilic,
living among rocks near shore, {ditov?, without feet ; ix^^S> lish ; in allu-
sion to the want of ventral fins.)

a. (^olor various, greeii, olivo, or scarlet; sides of head without silvery baud; depth 7

to 8 in length ; head 9. flavidvs, 2766.

b. General color olivaceous. var./favidux, 2766a.

bb. General color scarlet. var. sanguinnin, 2706b.

bbb. General color grass green. var. virescenn, 2766o.

aa. Color reddish; a bluish silvery strijie on side of Iieiul; depth 9 to 10 in length;

head 7. univittatus, 2767.

3760. AP0DH;HTH¥S FLAVIDUS, Girard.

Head 9i; depth 7*. 1). XCIII; A. I, 40. Head short; mouth very
oblique; maxillary reaching pupil; upper Jaw with a series of conical
teeth, behind which is a patch of smaller teeth; Hidt*s of mandible with
conical teeth in a single series, forming a patch in front; vomer with 3
conical teeth; palatines toothless; nape eciuidistant between front of dor-
sal and pupil. Anal spine very large, % length of head, shaped like a pen,
deeply excavated on its anterior side, and very convex behind, very thin,
Uexible, and with sharp edges, entirely included in a pouch of skin ; pec-
toral lins about !> length of head. Color orange, varying with the sur-
nmndings to intense grass-green (var. vireacens), yellowish brown (var.
Jlavidtis), crimson and dark purple (var. savf/uineua); a few light round
spots along axis of body posteriorly; a narrow black bar downward au<l
backward from eye; a shorter, less distinct bar from upper margin of
orbit backward to occijiUt; anal fin obliquely barred with brownish.
Length 18 inches. Pacific coast, Vancouver Island to the Santa Barbara
Islands; abundant; usually found below low tide mark. The following
color notes are from specimens taken in PugeC Sound belonging to the
green form (var. riresoens), the larger 10 inches in length, the smaller 3
inches. The large one is a bright grass-green, mottled with light gray ;
a series of blended white spots, as large as eye, along the axis of body

yU

; I

I.! 1.1

'. J.'

•i:li

I *

2412 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

%.

from tbe pectoral flu to the middle of caudal peduncle ; belly with many
Himilar Bpota smaller in size and somewhat sharper iu outline; a row of
conspicuous black spots, irregular in size, shape, and position, along
Sack at the baso of dorsal spines; % black line as wide as pupil from
nape to eye, a similar line from eye to posterior end of maxillary; a faint
light streak across cheek posteriorly ; cheek and i>ase of pectoral dusted
with line dark points. The small one is bright green without distinct
markings on b&dy;'a silvery bar, running posteriorly irom tip of snout
through t^ye, across cheek, to the middle of operclo ; no bar downward
from eye to maxillary, or from eye to nape as in the large one. (ftavidus,
yellowish. )

Apodictithyg ftavidu*, Gihahd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1854, 150, Presidio, San Francisco Bay
(Coll. Dr. Konimrly. Type, No. 494, IT. S. Nat. Mus.); GiHARD, Pac. U.K. Surv., x,
Fishos, 117,1858 ; GUntheh, Cat., 290, 1861 ; Jokdan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 709, 1883.

Apodichthy* virescens, Aykes, I'roc. CaJ. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1855, 55, San Francisco ; GutAHU,
Pac. R. R. fJurv., x. Fishes, 118, 1858.

Apodichtliys inoniatus, Giix, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 279, Puget Sound, probably
(Coll. Northwestern Uouudary Commission) ; D. XC ; A. 38.

Apodichthy 1 tangnineus, GlLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 279, California. (Coll. Dr.
Samuel Uubbard.)

H.)

2767. APODli'HTHYN UNIVITTATUS, Lockington.

D. about XCV ; A. about 1, 40. Body elongate, much compres-sed, band-
like, preserving almost siinie depth to about posterior fiftli of body, theuce
tapering more rai)idly to caudal lin. Head 7; depth nearly 10 times in
total length ; depth of caudal peduncle about ^ of that of body ; snout
obtuse, about f as long as diameter of eye, upper profile of head a con-
tinuous curve from snout to occiput. Interorbital area highly convex
transversely, about equal in width to | diameter of eye. Eye entirely
lateral, round, contained entirely iu anterior half of head; iris golden.
Mouth small, posterior extremity of tlie maxillary reuuliing to anterior
margin of *jye. Teeth small. UranchiostegalsS. Dorsal continuous with,
but distin<;t from, anal, arising vertically from tip of operculum, and com-
posed of spines only. Anal preceded by a long, sharp, slender spine of
V-shaped transverse section, hollow side anterior, length of spine e«£ua]
to about \ depth of iish. Distance from anal spine to tip of operculum a
little riore than to tip of caudal. Caudal with numerous accessory rays,
so that its sides are almost straight, posterior margin broken in the type,
all rays simple. General color iu spirits, light reddish, vertical lins
iiither bright, and top of head reddish brown; tip of snout brown; a
silvery band (possibly bluish in life) from tip of snout, across lower part
of eye, cheek, and opercles, terminating at about middle of length of
operculum, this baud bordered above by a uarroweii' brown baud.
Lower California, probably from the gulf. A single specimen. Length
1.88 inches. The pc<'uliar vitta upon each side of the head at once dis-
tinguishes this species from the other described forms. (Lockington.)
Not seen by us. {uni-riitatua, having one band.)

Apcdichthys univitlatm, Lookinuton, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sol. Phila. 1881, 118, Qulf of Cali-
fornia.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2413

903. XERERPES, Jordan & Gilbert.

Xererpet, Jordan & Gilbert, I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sti. 1895, 846 (fueorum).

This genus difters from ApoAichthys in the moderate size of the anal spine,
which is rounded and net channeled on its anterior edge, and in the small
size of its pectoral fins. The ningle known species lives in Fucuh chiefly
above lo'W-tide mark and may often be shaken out of half-dry mats of sea-
w-' )d on rocks well above the water, (^epoi, dry; Fpnrfi, creeper.)

2768. XEBEBPK8 FUCOKCM (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 10; depth 9^. D. LXXXIII ; A. 35. Form and dentition ns in Apo-
dichthya flavidua. Mouth very oblique, the maxillary reaching center of
pupil ; nape nearer front of dorsal than end of snout. Anal spine compara-
tively small, about j|- length of head, transversely very convex in front,
and slightly concave or grooved behind, the pouch of skin at its base
little developed ; pectorals very small, shorter than eye ; anal fin beginning
nearer tip of caudal than tip of snout by about 3 times length of head.
Bright olive green or deep red, the color varying with the surroundings ; a
row of dark spots along axis of body, those sometimes with light-blnish
cent«'r, and connected by a very narrow dark streak; generally a dark
streak downward from eye, but no other markings about head. Length
fi inches. Monterey to Puget Sound; abundant in rock pools and bunches
of Fucua; remarkable for its active iuovements. It is found mostly in
masses of Fuova attached to rocks between tide marks, and it is often found
at low tide at a considerable distance from any water, kept damp by the
masses of algic. Sometimes a do/en of them can be shaken from a bunch
of algje attached to a dry rock. It is, like the species o{ Xiphidion, very
active, moving over stones or sand, and showing less anxiety about the
presence of its native element than any other fish known to us. (fueorum]
of the Fucua or seaweed.)

Apodichthyt /McorwiH, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. TI. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 139, Monterey

(Coll. Jorilnn & Gilbert) ; Jordan &. IWlbkrt, Synopsis, 770, 1883.
Xererpei fueorum, Jordan & Stabks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 846.

v.\

904. ULVICOLA, Gilbert & Starks.

Xflvieolay Gilbert & .Starks, Proc. IT. S. Nat. ilus. 1896, 455 {lanetm-rotn').

This genus is allied to Xererpca, but difters in having the opercle above
angle adnate to shoulder girdle, in the smaller size of the anal spine, and
especially in the entire absence of pectoral fins. ( Ulva, sea lettuce; colo,
I inhabit.)

2i«». ULVICOLA SANCT.K-ROS.K, Gilbert & Starks.

Hea<l 10 in body ; depth 13. D. XCVII ; A. 1, 40 ; eye 4i in head ; caudal
lA. Hody elongate, as in Apodichthya, strongly compressed, upper profile
of head slightly » nvex, no conHtriietion at nai»e; nnuith very small,
oblique, the maxillary reaching about to front of eye; teeth very snuill in

2414 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

a einglo row on jaws; vomer with teeth; iuterorbital a narrow, sharp
ridge; snout about equal to length of eye; gill opening short, limited to
the part below angle of opcrcle, above adnate to shoulder girdle. Origin
of dorsal above upper end of gill opening, much nearer occiput than tip
of snout; anal spine small, not channeled as in Jj)o^ic/(i%>/8/at;if7u8; origin
of anal nearer base of caudal than tip of snout by a distance equal to
twice length of head ; pectorals and ventrals obsolete ; caudal rather long,
confluent with dorsal and anal. Color iu spirits, light brown, slightly
lighter under head and on belly; no markings. The type is a specimen
4| inches iu length, collected by the Albatross at Santa Rosa Island, oil'
Santa Barbara, January 6, 1889. (Type, No. 47579. Coll. Alhatross.)

Ulvicola sanetcB-roiee, Gilbert & Starrs, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1896, 455, pi. 55, flg. 2,
Santa Rosa Island, California.

905. PHOLIS (Gronow) Scopoli.

(Gunnels.)

^\

^i'i.ri

PhoKs, Gkonow, Zoophylacenm, 78, 1765 (not binomial).
I'holis, Scopoli, In trod. Hist. Nat., 456, 1777 {gunnellus) ,
Murtenoideg, Lackp^de, Hist. Nat. Foiss., 11, 324, 18U0 (lujef).
Centronotiis, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 165, 1801 {/atciatut).
Dactyleptus, Ilaiincsqno Anal, de la Nature 1815, 82; substitute for Murcenoidea.
Centronotus, Cdvier, R^gne Animal, Ed. 2, 11, 239, 1829 (gunnellus).
Ophisotmis,* SvvAiNSON, Nat. Hist. Class'n. Anini., 11, 277, 1839 (gunnelhis).
Urocentrus, Kner, Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lviii, 1868, 51 (pietus).
Rhodymenichthyt, Jordan & Everhann, Check.List risbea, 474, 1806 (ruherrimua = doli-
ehogatter).

Body long and low, considerably compressed, somewhat band-shaped,
the tail slowly tapering; head small, compressed, naked ;t mouth rather
small, obli(|ue; jaws with rather small teeth iu narrrow bands or single
series; vomer and palatines usually toothless; gill membranes broadly
united, free from the isthmus ; scales very small, smooth ; no lateral line.
Dorsal fin long and low, beginning near the head, composed entirely of
stilf, sharp, subequal spines; anal similar in form, of 2 spines and many

* Substitute for Ounnellm, tbe latter being a barbarous word derived from " gunwale."
"Nomina generica quiu ex Grtbca vul Latiiia lingua radicom non babent, regicienda sunt."
This rule has never been generally adopted.

Tin Pholu nebulosu.1, a Japanese sitecies, tbe head is scalj'. This species is tbe ty))e of
a distinct genus ; which may be called

ENEDRIAS, Jordan & Gilbert, new genus.

Enedrias, Jordan & Gilbert, new genus (nebulosus).

This genus rtillV-rs from I'holU in the scaly head. {iveSpa, lurking place.)

Enedriat nebulosa (Schlkhel).

Uead7|[to8; depth 8| to 0^. D. LXXX; A. II, 39. Dorsal and anal somewhat con-
nected to caudal; pectoral 2^ to 2§ iu bead. Head small. Body everywhere frecklcil
with dark blotches; 12 dark triangubir blotches along base of dorsal; a rovr of dusky
blotc? OS on middle of side posteriorly ; 10 or 12 dark blotches on base of anal ; caudal dusky,
edged with ]mle, 2 palo cross streaks on top of head; pectoral pale. Northern Japan to
Okhotsk Sea, Gulf of Strietok; our s])ecimeu8 from ilakodate. (nebulonn, cloudeu.)

flunnellunnebulotui, Sciii.EiiEL, Fauna Japonicn, Poiss., 138, 1850, Bay of Magi, Japan.

Cmtronotiis nrbnlosux, Steindachner, IcliMi. Ueitr., i.\, 24. 1880.

Enedriat nebulonua, Jordan & Gilbert, Kept. Fur Seal Invest., 1808, with plate.

fl

■mi

i ; j
I.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2415

soft rays; caudal fin short and small, more or less joined to dorsal and
anal; pectorals short, rather shorter than head; ventrals very small, of 1
spine and a rudimentary ru'y; intestinal canal short, without ca;ca. Shore
fishes of the Northern seas. (0(»/\/$, name of some fish said to shelter
itself when- lying in wait hy producing a cloud of mucus; 0<»A.d?, one.
who lies in wait.)

UrocENTBUS (oiifia, tail; K€VTpov, spine):
a. P*!ct4>ral tin small, 3} to 4 times in length of head; dorsal spines alwiit 03; anal rays
48; bo<ly with 2 rows of dark blotches; lins nearly plain. FICTUS, 2770.

aa. I'ectoral fin moderate, 2 to 2} times in lengtli of licad.

RiiODYMENiciiTHYS {Rhodyinenta, a large red alga; poSov, rose; vfx^c, membrane;

i\9i<;, fish).

b. Dorsal and anal Joined to the caudal to the full height of the spines, without

constriction at base of caudal; body greatly conijiressed, ribbon-like.

Dorsal spines about 03; anal about 47; pectorals short, 2} in head; no

ocelli along base of dorsal. dolichoqaster, 2771.

Pholis :
bb. Dorsal and anal slightly connected with cpudal, leaving a constriction of nut-
lino at base of caudal; body less compressed; dorsal fin with dark
blotches or ocelli.
c. Pectoral fins well developed, about j^ length of head. Dorsal spines
about 88 ; anal rays about 42 ; pectoral 2^ in head ; dorsal fin with
dark quadrate blotches rather than ocelli; sides scarlet in adult,
bounded with black. fasoiatus, 2772.

cc. Dorsal spines about 80 (76 to 85) ; anal rays about 40 ; pectoral 2 in head ;
dorsal fin with small rounded black blotches. ounnellus, 2773.

eec. Dorsal spines about 77 ; anal rays about 35 ; pectoral 2 in head ; dorsal
fin with ocelli, or lunate, dark blotches. ormatus, 2774.

Subgenus UROCENTRUS, Kner.
2770. PIIOLIS PICTUS (Knf

Head 9J to lOJ; depth 8 to 10. D. XCIII or XCIV; A. II, 46 to 48 (ml.s-
printed 40 in Kner's account). Eye as long as snout; mouth f^'iiique, the
upper jaw the longer, reaching to front of eye; pectorals very short,
scarcely longer than eye, 3 to 4 in ho.ad ; anal said to have an isolated
channeled spine hidden in the skin, but our specimens show no peculiar
structure. Color yellowish, with 2 lengthwise series of large oblong
blackish blotches, the one along base of dorsal, but not on the fin, of 21 or
22 blotches, the otb-^r on lower part of sides, of about 25; a series of
fainter blotches aloii^ base of anal; in other specimens the lower row be-
comes obscure, the upi><'r more distinct, and the series above anal disap-
pears; a black bar dowi .vardfrom eye, a whitish band behind it; opercles
dusky. West side of Bering Sea; our specimens from Shaua Bay, Iturup
Island, Kuril Group.

As already shown by Steindachner, this is a typical Pholis, Kner having
been in error in ascribing to it an isolated and channeled first anal spine.
The ventral spines are bound down by the integument more closely than
usual, but thby are in other respects not peculiar. Each is accompi'inied
by 2 abort spinouH rays concealed iu the membrane, and difficult to detect.

-I'l
■5'ti

n

rf t
I

fi

t^

241G Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

TLo latter are stiff and pungent, and seem to be not articulated. The
ventrals of P, ornatna show the sanio structure. Kner gives the anal
formula as IT, 40. This must be a misprint for II, 49, as the artist figures
51 rays in the fin, not differentiating the 2 anterior ones, {pictus, painted. )

Vrocentrut pietut, Kneb, Sltzungsb. d. k. Akad. D. Wiasench., LVni, 1868, 51, taf. 7, fig. 21,

Singapore ; an error.
Ceutninotui pictut, Steindachneb, Ichth. Hoitriigo, ix, 25. 1880.
Pholis 2>ictus, Joeuan &. Gilbebt, llcpt. Fur. Seal Invest., 1898.

Subgenus RHODYMENICHTHYS, Jordan & Evennann.
2771. IMIULIS DOLUIIOtiASTEItMl'allaa).

(BUTTEB-FISH.)

Head 9. i in length; depth 8. D. XCII; A. II, 44; peotoral 14; eye ,5 in
head ; maxillary 2J ; pectoral 2^ ; caudal 2 ; ventral spines 1| in eye. Jiody
elongate, much compressed; head small, its upper profile convex; mouth
moderate, very oblique, the maxillary reaching to below middle of eye;
f eeth rather large and blunt, arranged in a single row, the anterior one not
enlarg«^d ; interorbital space narrow, without a sharp ridge, its width less
than eye ; snout e(|ual in length to eye ; distance from tip of snout to occi-
]mt Ijj in head. Head entirely naked; body covered with sm.all, cycloid,
inconspicuous scales. Origin of dorsal over upper end of gill slit, its dis-
tance from nape ecjual to distance from nape to front of eye, the spines
toward the anterioi' end of the fin the highest ; origin of anal a little
nearer tip of caudal than snout; dorsal and anal confluent with caudal,
the anal more broadly connected than dorsal ; pectorals small, rounded
behind; ventral spines inserted directly under base of pectorals, their
length little greater than their distance apart; caudal short and broad,
Avell rounded in outline. Hering Sea; recorded from the Kurila, and from
Robben, Bering, and Medni islands, and from Kigiktowlk Bay. The speci-
men above described was taken at Robben Island by Capt. J. G. Blair, then
in command of the guardship Leon. It is 9 inches long and is uniform red
in color, with a few i)ale dots. Another specimen, 18 cm. long, taken by
Mr. Gerald E. H. Barrett-Hamilton at Bering Island, shows the following
characters : The color is cherry red on the body and fins, lighter on belly,
lower half of cheek and under side of head; lips blackish anteriorly, a
narrow black streak running from them along snout to eye and from eye
across cheek and opercles toward upper edge ot pectoral base; this line
separates the <leep-red upper part of the head from the lighter area below ;

* Tlio following siieciea is nlliod to Pholis dolichogatter:

Pholis tAC/anowHkii (St«in(lat^hner).

Head 9: depth 10; D. L.KXXIl! A. IT 45; teeth bluntly conical; dorHal very low,
joined to the eaiidiil without constriction. Snont scariiely longer than eye, wliiuli is 5^
in head. Pectoral it in head. Scales very Hmall, the head naked. Clear, yellowish gray,
finely dotted, fins grayish, tlio pectoral yellowish; a yellowish streak edged with darker
fi-oni eye to axil. Gult'oi'Strietok. (St'eindaohuer.) (A ))ersonal name.)

Oentrnnotus faczannwtkii, Steindachneu, Iclitli. Beitr., IX, 24, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1880, Qulf of
Strietok, Okhotsk Sea. (Coll. Prof. Dybuwaky.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2417

si«les of body with a number of minute scattered black spots; along
middle of sides is a distant series of light spots as large as pupil, the mar- .
gin of each with 2 to 4 black specks like those scattered over sides. The
dorsal and unal are more widely Joined to the caudal than in other
species, the fins being higher posteriorly and without perceptible notch.
The dorsal contains 93 spines, the anal 2 spines and 47 rays, the pectorals
15 rays. Head 9^ in length; depth 7f. Eye 5 in head; maxillary 3f ; pec-
torals 2|; caudal 2^; ventral spine 2\ in eye. Blennim dolichogaater, Pal-
las, is undoubtedly identical with GunneUua ruberrimua, Cuvier & Valen-
ciennes. They agree in the very long dorsal and anal fins (D. XCIII, A.
II, 50 in doUchogaatcr), and in the color. P. doUchogasier is described as
having the color brownish olive, shaded with greenish and yellowish,
spotted with green above the lateral line ; belly yellow ; anal, caudal, and
pectorals yellowish; dorsal and anal dusky, with transverse pale bars.
Compare Avith this, details of coloration recently published concerning
P. ruberrimus by Bean & Bean (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 248): "Color
olive brown, with minute black spots; belly yellowish." In another speci-
men, "Across the spinous dorsal there are 20 narrow, nearly vertical pale
streaks. Similar streaks to the number of 12 cross the anal." The species
is evidently not always red in life. (doXtxoi, long; yadrrfp, belly.)

Blenniut doliehogatter, Tallas, Zoogr. Kosso-Asiat., in, 175, 1811, Kamchatka. (Tj-pe in

Mils. Berlin.)
Ounnellus ruherHmua, Cuvieu & Valenciennes, HiHt. Nat. Poisa., xiv, 440, 1839, Kuril

Islands; after notes of Pallas,* Zoogr. R088O-Aniat., in, 178, 1811.
GuneUus dolichogatter, Cuvieu .t Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poisa., xi, 430, ISitC.
(fentronotug dolichogatter, GUntiieb, Cat., 288, 1861.
MnrcBHoides dolichogaster, J onoAS &■ Gilbeut, Synopsis, 768, 1883.
Pholis doliehogaitcr, Jordan <Sr Gilbert, R(!pt. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.
Rhodymenichihyii ruherrimxu, JouOAN & Evermann, Check- List Fislies North and Middle

America, 474, 1896.
Pholis ruberrimiui, Bean &.Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, ?48.

I'l

f .
I ■

Subgenus PHOL.IS.

2772. PIIOLIS FASCIATUS (Bloch & Schneider).

Head 8 to 9^; depth 7 to 9. D. LXXXVI to LXXXIX; A. 11,42 to 44;
V. 1, 1. Head scaleless; mouth decidedly oblique, the tip of lower jaw on
level of middle of the eye; width of month nearly ^ head. Eye equal
to snout, a little more than interorbital width; ventral spine f eye, J[
length of mandible; caudal .1 head; pectoral 2^ in head; vortical fins
slightly Joined at Itase. Ground color yellowish gray in life, the sides of
a brilliant scarlet; base of dorsal occupied by 10 or 11 oblong blotches
of dark brown, which extend to the tips of the fins; these blotches
each divided upon the fin by a median spot of the ground color; the
areas of the ground color alternating with these blotches are finely
speckled with brown, a large spot of brown usually occupying a median

♦Bright red. Form of tmnia; scales inconspicnona ; ventrals each a single scarcely
projecting spine; caudal broad, rounded, distinct. I). CXV. Knril Islands. (Pallas^)
Mureenoiaes ruherritnus, Bian, in NeUon, Kept. Nat. Uist. Colloctiona luade in Alaaka,
305, pi. XIV, lig. 1, 1887.

4

i ■

'

-t

1

Is?'

2418 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ifi:

l':-'^ii

%--s\

\ ;'■

X^ositioii iipou tho iin ; middle and lower part of sides occupied by ver-
iniculatiiig brown lines on the {ground color, these vermiculations arranjjed
in more or less distinct cross bars, about 20 in number, reacLin;; to or
nearly to the midventral line, the ])08terior ones often continued faintly
onto the anal fin; pectoral and caudal fins yellow, unmarked; a brown
blotch across snout and tip of mandible, followed by a narrow yellow-
ish bar descending to front of eye; interorbital space crossed by ii.
broad brown bar with blackish margins, which become much narrower
below and traverse the eye and the cheek; behind this a broader yel-
low bar, margined behind with a narrow brown line. In life the colora-
tion is extremely brilliant, the pale markings being bright orange or
scarlet. Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, from Greenland to the Kurils;
locally abundant; numerous fine large specimens taken from the stomachs
of cormorants on St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group; others dredged in
shallow waters. Our specimens from St. Paul, Bristol Bay, and Upem.avik,
Greenland. Three large specimens from St. Paul Island, the type locality
of P. maxillaris, have been compared with a number of individuals of /'.
faaciatus from Upernavik, Greenland. We can appreciate no diflferences
between the two. The size of the mouth and the length of the head are
the same in specimens of equal length, and no difference exists in the
development of the ventrals. The agreement seems to be perfect in the fin
rays, relative proportion and coloration. Pallas's short acc^ount of IUvh-
niiis tivnia contains nothing distinctive except the number of fin rays and
the statement that the body is banded. As both of these items agree with
the present species, we may safely follow Bean & Beau in making the iden-
tification. In a specimen from St. Paul, 29 cm. long, the length of the
maxillary is contained 2f times in distance from tip of snout to origin of
dorsal: the mandible equals the length of the pectoral. In a younger
example, 15 cm. long, from Bristol Bay, th«i maxillary is contained 3^
in predorsal length ; the mandible approximately equals length of pecto-
ral. (Jasciatiis, banded.)

Centronotxu fmeiatut, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 165, pi. 37. flg. 1, 1801, Tranquebar;

an error* GOnthek, Cat., ni, 287, 1801.
Ounnellim graenlandictw, Cuvier &, Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 442, 1836,

Greenland, after ISlugii &. iScHNEiDBR; Keinhardt, Dimsk. Videiisk. Sclak. Nat. og

Miithem. Afh., vii, 122, 1838.
Ounnellnn murcenoiiles, Valenciennes, in Cuviek, R^gno Animal, Poiss., pi. 78, flg. 2, 910 ;

after Bloch <fc Schneider.
lilenniiu tcenia,* Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., iii, 1811, 178, Kuril Islands.
Murcmoidet maxillaris. Bean, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mtis. 1881, 147, St. Paul Island, Alaska

(Type, No. 23099. ColL Henry "W. Elliott) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 708, 1883.
Ounnellug /asciatus, Cuvieu &, Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 441, 183«.
Murmnoidtt fasciatus, Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 767, 1883.
Muramoidet tcmia, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 766, 1883.
Vhnlis /ateiatvji, Gilbert, Kept. U. S. Fish Conim. 1893, 449 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Kept. Fur

Seal Invest., 1808.

*PholiH tt»nia is thus described: Bmly banded; teeth obtuse, anbdistinot; head snli-
triangular, compressed; body eusiformj covered with minute onibcdde<l scales; veut
median. Dorsal tin extending from near the hea4l to the tail, the spines suboqual; caudal
Hubdistinct ; i)ei'torals small ; ventrals reprexeuted by 2 recurved spines. Body banded.
D.LXXKVII; A.4r. Kuril Islands. (PttUas.)

i iaiiiiliL

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2419

277!t. PHOLIN (aiNXKLMIS (Liiinnius).

(GUNNEL; BUTTER FiSH.)

Head from 7 to 8 in body; depth 7 to 8; D. LXXVI to LXXXV; A. II,
38 to 44; V. 1, 1; eye 5 in head; maxilhiry 3 ; P. 2; C. Ij}^. Head compresHed,
naked; month oblique, the maxillary reaching to front of pupil; teoth
blunt, in a single row, somewhat enlarged anteriorly; interorbital a nar-
row ridge about \ eye. Distance from origin of dorsal to nape equal to
distance from nape to middle of ey«' ; pectoral rather largti, about 2 in
head, inserted directly under front of dorsal. Color olive brown, sides
with numerous obscure darker bars; l)ase of dorsal with bla(-kish spots,
generally bordered with a narrow yollow line, a dark bar running down-
WJird and backward from eye; anal with dusky bars across the rays.
This species differs from I'holis ornatus in the more numerous fin rays and
in coloration ; the spots on dorsal are black, edgod with yollow ; in P.
ornatita they are yellow with a black bar before and behind, each partly
encircling it ; no black bordered light streak from eye to occiput. Length
12 inches. North Atlantic, from Labrador south to Woods Hole and Nor-
way to France ; abundant on rocky shores among algic, both in Ameri<'a
and Europe. Here described from specimens from Salem, Massachusetts.
(Eu.) {grunncllua, English gunnel, said to be corrupted from gunwale.)

TilenniiM pinna dorsalis ocrllis Xnigrig, Linn-bl's, Mus. Adolph-Fred., i, 69.

Ulenniu* gunnellui, LiNNii'lUS. Syat. Nat., E<1. X, 257, 1758, Atlantic Ocean ; after lilenniug

pinna dorsalis, etc.
Ophidiun imberbe, Linn^ei's, Syst. Nat., Etl. x, 259, 1758, Europe ; after Oj)h. eirris careun,

AUTKUI.

(^entronotua guntieUus, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Iclith., 107, 1801 ; GDntheh, Cat., iii, 285,

after RCppell's type.
Murtenoidet gunnellua, Jordan & Gn.BERT, Synopsis, 767, 1883.
Blenniui europfeus, Olafsen, Keisei Island, i, 81, 1772, Iceland.
lilennius muramoides, Sujek, Act. Potrop. Il, 1779, 195, no locality, probably the Baltic ;

Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1184, 1788.
Mufcenoidet aujef, LAC|!:rfeDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 324, 1800: after Scjek.
Ophidium mucronatum, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y., ii, 1815, Sdl, pi. 1, f. 1,

New York; earliest Anierioan name.
Ounellus vulgarit, Flehino, British Anim., 207, 1828, England.

Mureenoideg guttatus, LACI^;PtDE, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., il, 324, 1800 ; Tarrei-L, Brit. Fish., 1, 269.
Ounellus ingent, H. K. Stoher, Bost. Joum. Nat. Hiut., vi, 1850, 261, pi. 8, f. 1, Labrador.

(Coll.H.R.Storer.)
Ounellus maeroeephalug, Girard, in H. R. Stouer, Bost. Jonrn. Nat. Hist., vi, 1850, 203,

Chelsea Beach, Massachusetts (Coll. Chas. Girard) ; I). IL Storer, Rupt. Fish. Mass.,

261, pi. 17, f. 3.

2774. PHOLIS ORXATIIS (Girard).

Head 8 ; depth 8. D. LXXVII to LXXIX ; A. II, 35 to 37. Head naked,
very narrow above; nape nearly equidistant between origin of dorsal and
front of orbit ; origin of sinal equidistant between base of caudal and base
of pectoral; pectoral 2 in head. Coloration, usuiilly olive green above,
yellow or orange below,* but varying with the surroundings to brown

* A specimen from near Seattle varies much in color from nil the others before us. It
is purplisli rod, paler below; 2 conspicuous white s])ots bordered with white on front
of dorsal; a pale streak bordarod with black ft'om eye to nape.

Im

ll«

f-4.';]Hf -'

if

' Ff .^

'Hi

Am

Mm

■1 vi

'I -it
, if

^^^ .83

I*

i ■

-Mi

.1

ii

I ;
i i

2420 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

and chorry red; traces of about 20 darker bars along sides; a diirk bar
downward from eye; fins reddish; a V-shaped mark from eye to occiput,
grayish, bordered by jet-black ; the common form with about 14 red spots
along base of dorsal, each with a curved black bar in front and behind,
partly encircling it; others with about as many broad /^-shaped darker
blotches, whi<-h extend on the fin, the first one or two blotches often shaped
as in the former case; anal white, unmarked. Length 12 inches. San
Francisco to Bering Sea; very common northward, its range extending
to Kamchatka;* very common at Unalaska; alwiiys in shallow water.
(orna^K*, ornamented.)

(7t(nn«{Iu« omatus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Kat. Soi. Phila. 1854, 149; Girard, Pac. R. B, Surv.,

X, Fishes, 110; pi. 25b, figs. 6 and 7, 1858 (Type, Ko. 490, Presidio, California, Coll.

Lieut. Trowbridge; "Sn. 401, Shoalwater Bay, Washington, Coll. Dr. J. G. Cooper;

No. 492, Fort Steilacoom, Washington, Coll.Dr. Geo. Siickley).
Qtntrvnoius Icetm, Cope, Proo. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1873, 27, Sitka or Unalaska (Coll.

George Davidson) ; A. ii, 33.
Miireenoides ornatut, Jordan &. Gn.BERT, Synopsis, 707, 1883.
I'hoK* omatut, Gilbert, Rept. U. S. Fish Couini. 1893, 450.

906. GUNNELLOPS, Klccker.

Ounnellopt, Bleeker, Versl. Ak. A mat., 2, vni,1874, 308 (roifits).

This genus is apparently distinguished from Phnlls by the tapering tail,
around whii-h the vertical fins are conilncut; pjiliitinc teeth present.
(Gunncllua, Gunnel, iin old name of I'holis gunnvllus; doi/;, appearance.)

2775. flUXNELLOPS BOSEUS (Pallas).

D. oa. C; A. oa. 90; P. 9; V. I. Head obtuse, the lower jaw project-
ing; eyes large; body very long, compressed, tapering into a slender tail ;
pectorals small, ovate, hyaline ; 2 spines in place of ventrals ; dorsal extend-
ing from the nape to the end of the tail ; anal joined to caudal. Color
intensely red. Kuril Islands. (Pallas.) Not seen by any recent collector.
(roscus, rosy.)

lilennius roteui, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ni, 177, 1811. Kuril Islands.

CentronotHs rosetu, GCnther, Cat., in, 290, 1801.

(hinneUopa roseua, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fishes N. and M. A., 474, 1890.

907. ASTERNOPTERYX, Riippell.

Astemopteryx (RiJPPELL MS.) Gi^nther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Miis., iii, 288, 1861, name only;
Jordan \- Giijiert, Synopsis, 709, 1883 (gvnelUformi») .

This genus is closely allied to Pholis, differing chiefly in the entire absence
of ventral fins. From Pholidapna it is distinguished by the shorter pecto-
rals and by the more broadly united gill membranes. Greenland. A sin-
gle species known. («-, without; 6rspvov, breast; itrepv^, fin..)

3776. AKTKRBrOPTERYX f.lINELLIFORMIK, Riippell.

Head 9; depth SJ. D. LXXXVII (LXXXI, according to Giinther); A.
II, 40. Head and body strongly compressed; head bluntish, snout short,

♦We have Bi>ecimens collocttid at Tareiusky Hay by Mr. Barrett-Hamilton.

Jordan and Evcrniann. — Fishes of North America, 2421

Jawsoquiil; maxillary reachiu^ pupil, 8 in head ; eye 5|; j^ill meinbi-imes
broadly united, their outliiu; not notched; no trace of ventral lins; pec-
toral large, 2 in head (3 according to Giiuther). Dorsal and anal ,j«»ined
to the caudal, the anal with a slight notch behind the. last ray; d«)r8al
spines short and all ]>ungent. Color dark brown, clouded with darker;
about 11 quadrate pale areas along dorsal fin (extending on the sides, these
areas each with a black central spot at tip and faintly marked with dark
blotches; dorsal with dark spots; a dark baud from «^yc downward, a]>ale
baud behind it; lips dark; anal fin bright orange ; pectorals and gill mem-
branes pale orange ; caudal orange. Greenland. Here described from u
fine specimen, 9A inches long, in the U. 8. National Museiim, from Omanak
Fjord, Karsak, Noursoak Peninsula, taken in 1897 by Schucln^rt and White ;
only the original type in the Senckenburg Museum hitherto known.
{(iundlna; forma, shape.)

Atternoptei-yx ijunelli/ormis, Ri. 'xMS.: type (in Soiiekcnburg MuHeum) from Green-
land.
Genlroiiotus gunelliformU, UI'nthkk, Cat., ni, 288, 1861.
Muroenoides yunelUformiu, Jouuan & Gubeut, Syu«i>8iM, 709, 1883.

908. ANOPLARCHUS, Gill.
Anoplarchxii, G1LI-, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 261 (atropurpureua).

Body elongated, compressed, covered with very small, embedded scales
which are obsolete or concealed anteriorly; lateral line obsohite. Head
snuill, compressed; eyes small; mouth oblique; teeth in each jaw in a
narrow 1)and, the outer somewhat enlarged ; narrow bands of teeth on
vomer and palatines ; gill membranes attached to the isthmus : sometimes
with a free fold behind; branchiostegals 5. Dorsal fin not very low; no
anal spines; ventrals wanting ; caudal flu small, entire; pectoral fins mod-
erate or small; pyloric cjeca present, f«'W. Pacific, (a yo;rA 05, unarmed;
apxo?, anus; the anal fin being without spines.)

a. Gill membranes narrowly joined to the istlimiiH, with a free fold behind; dorsiil with
about 63 spines. alectuolophus. 2777.

aa. Gill membranes broadly joined to the isthmus, without free fold behind; dorsal
with 54 to 57 spines. atuopukpukeus, 2778.

2777. ANOPLARCHUS VLECTROLOPIllIS (Pallas).

'h • If

I

HeadGHiilongth; depth 7^ D.LXII or LXIII; A. 43. Mouth oblique,
maxillary reaching vertical behind pupil, 2\ in head. Teeth in narrow
bands on the jaws, the outer series in upper jaw somewhat «'nlarged;
vomer and palatines with narrow bands of teeth; dentition similar to
that in A. airo2)»rpureu8, which has been erroneously described as having
the teeth in the jaws in single series and the vomer and palate toothless;
gill membranes rather narrowly joined to the isthmus and with a free
posterior edge slightly wider than pupil. A. atropurpurcus has the gill
opening somewhat more restricted and the gill membranes without free
fold. Large pores on h^^ad arranged similarly in the two species. Spi-
nous dorsal beginning slightly in advance of base of pectoral, its distance

n
: I

n \

''.\ I

Ij! ^T^-^-r'Wf:jr

2422 Bulletin ^7, United States National Aficscnm.

't-i..

t\M

^

m '

from snout Ic^hs thun lony^th of head; diHtance from origin of anal to tip of
snout 2i in Icngtii to base of caudal; pectoral short and broad, rounded,
2^1 in brad. Scales small, embedded, tliose on tbo anterior part of the
)»o<ly concealed .by the thickened intcfjument, as in A. airopurimreus.
Coloration in our specimens nearly uniform dark olive, with obscure dusky
mottliiigs on the side. In 1 specimen tht^'c is a light bar extending
obliquoV dowiiward and backward from eye, with a dark bar above and
below it, the 3 separated by narrow light gray lines; caudal narrowly
cross-banded with light and dark as in A. atropurpurcus, and the anal
<»bli([nely barn^d with the same. In the smallest 8pecim«?n is a series of
rtumdish spots abotit as large as eye along back just below «lorsal lin;
(>ach spot seems to have a narrow dark margin, a light ring, a dusky ring,
and a light center; a series of similar but snialh^' spots along middle of
sides posteriorly ; the colors were probably brighter and more varied in
life. Western part of Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk. Hero described
from 3 small specimens, 3^^ to 9 inches long, taken at Tareinsky liay,
Kamchatka, by Mr. Barrett-Hamilton; 2 other fine specimens since taken
by Arthur W. Greeley in Monterey Bay; the only ones recorded since
Pallas. They differ from specimens of A. atropurpureas in the higher
crest, the more numerous fin rays, and in having the gill membranes with
a distinct free margin. {dXeHToofi, cock; Ad0o5, crest.)

lilenniiii alectrolophvs, Pallas, Zoogr. Kosso-Asiat., lU, 174, 1811, Island of Talek, Qulf of

Penshin, Okhotsk Sea.
(hmndltts alectrolophus, CrviKR &. Valbnciennes, If* Nat. Poias., xi, 447, 1836.
Gentronotus alectrolophuK, GOntuku, Cat., ni, 289, 1801.
Atioplarchtts aleetrolophwi, Joudan «fc Gilbert, Kept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

2778. A>OPLAItl'IiUS ATROPURPUUEUS (Kittlitz)

Head (ii in body; depth 7. D. LV; A. 10; eye 5J in head; maxillary 2|;
pectoral 2i ; caudal IJ. Head with a fleshy crest, which rests on a ridge
of bone, its height in older examples about equal to eye; mouth rather
large, the maxillary reaching beyond the orbit. Dorsal and anal com-
paratively high, barely connected with the base of caudal; nape midway
between origin of dorsal and pupil. Body naked anteriorly, scaled behind.
Color grayish olive, varying to brown; everywhere above finely marked
with blackish reticulations; along each side of back a series of small,
irregular, sharply defined grayish spots; a series of small pale spots along
lateral line; belly pale; crest and middle line of back rather jtale; under
parts of head yellowish; an oblique, wedge-shaped, pale streak extending
downward and backward from the eye, bounded on each side by a sharj)
light-red line, and then by a dusky area; lower jaw mottled; dorsal
olivaceous, speckled, a blackish spot on front; anal olive, tinged with
red; pectorals dull orange, barred at base; caudal reddish, with narrow
pale streaks, and a light bar at base ; color sometimes nearly plain purplish,
but more often grayish and mottled. Alaska to San Francisco ; abundant
northward; common in Bering Sea. Here described from specimens from
Neah Bay, Straits of Fuca, Washington. W«» have also specimens from the
Pribilof Islands, (ater, black; purpureua, purple.)

ate,
vex,
canals
edge
endini
with
Origin
middle
3 spine
«'onnec
i eye,
oli ve-
to riorl J
black s
«ye, to
darker
out uia
broader
across
at Waa
alga.,ji
closely

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2423

Olihidium ntropurjnireum, Kittlitz, Denkwiird oiiier Kitino liiiMH.-Anier., i, 'J26, 1858,
Alaska.

Centronotu* criitagalli, GOnthkr, Gat., ill, 280, 1861, Vancouver Island.

Anoplarchus purpvrencenn, (Jill, Proc. Ac. Niit. S(;i, Pliila. 1801, 201, Washington Terri-
tory. (Coll. l)r Kciiinorly.)

Anoplarchug critlagatli, GOntmer, ('at., in, 564, 1801.

AnoplarehuH atropurpureui, JouuAN & GiLUKiiT, Synopsis, 771, 1883; Jordan &. Stabks,
Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 840.

•i ■

909. XIPHISTES, .lordaii iS: Staiks.

XiphUtfs, Jordan & Starks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 18U5, 846 (cldruK).

This gcniiH is very close to Xiphidion, differing in tho well-tlcvoloped
pectoral fius, which are longer than eye; lower lateral line not couueeted
with abdominal line. (|z<A?^r//5, a sword Itclt.)

a. Anal spinoa 'i , brandies uf upper lateral lino t-xtending on dorsal lln ; color grass-

green. ULVii-:, 277!>.

aa. Anal spines 2; branches of npper lateral line shorter; color brownish, marbled,

and with red blotches. chibus, 2780.

■I pi

2779. XIPHISTES ILV.K, Jordan & Starks.

Inder
[ding
Lharp
loi'sal
Iwitb
low
)li8h,
idant
from
Hu the

Head 8; depth 10. D. LXXIV; A. Ill, 48; oyo 5 in head; maxillary 2%;
pectoral 3^. Body oel-shaped, as in the related siiecies ; head short ; mouth
small, oblique, maxillary extending to helow posterior margin of eye; jaws
subequal, with canine teeth; 4 enlarged canines in front of lower jaw;
teeth in upper jaw gradually enlarged from behind forward; eye moder-
ate, equal to length of snout; interorbital spaci* prominent, sharply con-
vex, narrower than width of eye; nape not constricted. Five mucous
canals radiating downward and biukward from eye, not reaching to
edge of preoperde, the branches running upward from upper latttral line
ending on the membrane of dorsal, the lower lateral line not connected
with the abdominal line. Lateral lino otherwise as in Xiphiates clnrioi.
Origin of dorsal at a distance behind nape (>,qual to distance from nape to
middle of (\ye, the lin posteriorly barely connecting with caudal ; anal with
3 spines, its origin about a head's length nearer snout than base of caudal,
<!onnectod with caudal posteriorly; pectorals equal in length to snout and
.V eye, slightly shorter than caudal ; caudal rounded, fan-shaped. Color
olive green above, very bright green below; middle and lateral line pos-
teriorly, with conspicuous white spots, i as large as pupil, each with a
black spot before and behind it ; a black streak from tip of snout, through
eye, to nape, a streak starting from eye behind quickly fading out; dorsal
darker than body, unmarked; the anterior third of anal green, with-
out markings, behind this, faint cross bars of brown appear, growing
))roader and darker JJosteriorly ; caudal olive green, with a light bar
across base; pectorals green, without markings. One specimen obtained
at Waadda Island, Neah Bay. It was found high on the rocks, among
algic, just below high water mark. Length 5 inches. This species is very
closely related to Xiphisles chirua; it differs from it chiefly in having 3 anal

P

y

i

it ;

''"!

^^^^^

2424 Ihdldin /7, United States National Museum,

HpineH, ill the lirancbeH of the upper lateral line running higher, and in
coloration. ( rira, the grci^n hcji lettuce.)

Xiphidiun i/Ivn', JoitiiAN ^s^ Stakkm, FiHlum of I'ligot Soiiml, 847, 1805, Waadda Island,
Neah Bay. (Tyiw, No. 3132, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. E. C. Sturks.)

th|

till!
aw

^^

2780. XIIMIINTES 4'IIIKIJN (Jordan & Gilbert).

Hoiul 7; depth 9. D. LXX; A. II, .W. Head short; nape not con-
Htricted; mouth small; maxillary extending to middle of pupil; teeth
Htrong, the anterior canine-like, bluntish; alioiit 4 canines in lower jaw, ,5
or 6 in the upper, similar to the teeth behind them, but Homewhat larger.
Abdominal lines meeting on the breast, 1>ut not connected \\ ith the lower
lateral line. Dorsal tin beginning close behind pectoral; nape midway
between middle of eye and front of dorsal; anal beginning about a head's
length nearer snout than ba.s(^ of caudal ; pectoral tin comparatively large,
longer than the eye, its length alxmt equal to distance between middle
and lower lateral lines. Color olive brown, yellowish btdow; sides with
marbliugs of ditt'ereiit shadt'S of brown, sometimes with short blackish
vertical bars; some round black spots along the back and sides; a black
spot behind opercles; numerous lilack spots on sides of head, forming in
older individuals light and dark streaks, which radiate from eye across
cheek and opercles, the pale streaks forming roticnlations ; dorsal with
black spots and a series of bright reddish brown cross blotches ; pectorals
and caudal plain. Monterey to Alaska ; smaller than the other species,
and living in deeper water; abundant about Cape Flattery. (Jordan &
Gilbert.) (X^'P> hand.)

XiphUter chirus, Jordan & Gilbert, Troc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 135, Point of Los Pines,
near Monterey, California (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); Jordan & GiLUEUT, Synoi'sis,
772, 1883 J Jordan & Starks, Fishes of Puget Souud, 846, 1895.

QIC. XIPHIDION, Girard.

Xiphiilidn, Girard, Pac. R. II. Surv., x, Fishes, 119, 1858 (mucogum) ; not Xiphiditnn, Sorv.,

a genua of (irassboppers.
XiphLster, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 241 (mucosum) ; substitute for Xiphidion,

regarded as preoccupied by Xiphidium.

Body elongate, i-el-shaped, covered with small scales; lateral lines
several : 1 along the median line of the side, 1 above this, and 1 below
it; 1 on each side of the abdomen, the 2 meeting in front, and 1 from the
occiput toward the base of the dorsal tin. Each of these has on each side
series of short branches, placed at right angles to the main line, those on
opposite sides alternating. Each of these branches has about 2 open
mucous pores. Lower lateral line connected with the abdominal line.
Head short, bluntish, scaleless; mouth moderate, oblique; jaws with
rather strong teeth, the anterior canine-like ; no {eeth on vomer or pala-
tines. Branchiostegals 6 ; gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus.
A single long, low, uniform dorsal tin, consisting of spines only; anal tin
similar in form, with small spines, indistinct or obsolete; caudal short,
joined to dorsal and anal ; no ventral fins ; pectoral tins very small, shorter

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2425

than eye. Intestinal canal moderately elongate, with \ to 6 woll-dcve]opt>(l
pyloric ciuca. Horbivorous, feeding on al>;n'. Active lishes, inhabiting
title pools and crevices among rocks in the North Pacilic. {^n/tldioy, a small
Bword.)

a. DiHtanco from origin of dorsal to occiput Ichs than thiit from occiput to tip of snout;
strenks radiating from eye pnlor in tlic center, edged ubovc and below with blnckiHli.

MfcosiTM, 2781.
aa. Distance from origin of dorsal to occiput greater than tliat from oixiput to snout;
streaks radiating from oyu black, abruptly margined with pole olive.

KUl'ESTKE, 2782.

2781. XIPHIDION MUCOSUM, Girard.

Head 7 in body; depth 8^. D. LXXIV; A. 46; eye 7^ in head; maxil-
lary 2,:}; caudal 2;|; pectoral a little longer than eye. Lower jaw with a
series of short, stout conical tooth; upper Jaw with a narrow band of
similar teeth ; 2 strong canines in upper jaw, 4 in the lower. Lower lateral
lino sending a branch to the abdominal line; napo not constricted. Dor-
sal beginning anteriorly, distance from its origin to occiput less than
that from occiput to tip of snout ; origin of anal nearer snout than tip of
caudal by about i length of head. Blackish green, pale on belly and
sides of head, marked posteriorly with olive green in various pattern; a
transverse light-greenish bar at base of caudal; 3 olive-brown streaks
radiating backward from eye, paler in the center and edged above and
below with blackish, outside of which is sometimes a streak of pale olive ;
these streaks all merge backward into the color of the head; middle
streak broadly wedge-shaped, the third streak terminating before reach-
ing margin of preopercle; old individuals often coarsely blotched with
yellow. Length 18 inches. Monterey to Alaska ; very abundant among
rocks and algio. Here described from specimens, 9 or 10 inches in length,
from Neah Bay, Straits of Fuca, Washington, (mucofiiia, slimy.)

Xiphidion mueoium, Gikakd, Pac. R. R. Surv., x, Fishes, 119, 1858, South Farallones,
California (Coll. Lieut. Trowbridge. Type, No. 493, U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; GCnthkr, Cat.,
in, 291, 1861 ; Jordan & Starks, Fishes Puget Sound, 848, 1895.

Xiphidion cruoreum,* Cope, Proc. Araer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 187!), 27, Sitka (Coll. Prof. George
Davidson) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. AIus. 1880, 137.

Xiphitter mueosum, Jordan & Gilbert, Syno])S)s, 772, 188:5.

* The following is the original description of Xijyhidion cruoreum: Head 8i in total
length; depth 9J; eye 7 in liead, equal to length of pectoral tin. D. about 70; A. 48; Hr. 5.
Teeth, 2 canines above, 4 below, siibeiiual. Dorsal spines not comuxtneing near the lu^ad,
tlie anterior buried in a soft fold of skin; caudal tin not distinct. Three lateral mucous
ciiuals extending entire length of caudal fin, which havo numerous .alternating transverse
branches, those of the superior reacliing base of dorsal, those of inferior reaching base of
anal; each of the cross branches with several excretory pores, none on the main stem; a
similar but short tube extending from near base of dorsal tin to supra-occipital region,
and not branching anteriorly ; the superior lateral canal descending to near the median,
butuotjoining it, nor does tlie latter extend into the inferior; another tubular line on
each side of abdomen, these uniting on jugular region by a continuation of the infe-
rior lateral tube. Vent nearer end of rauzzle than end of caudal tin, by length of head.
Color maroon, more reddish below ; a vertical, broad, reddish bar at base of tail, beyond
which is a dark spot; 2 brown radii, black -edged, extending backward and downward
from eye. Body covered with small scales, except on the Jugular and abdominal regions,
which are naked. Length 8 inches. This fish is not very diH'erent from A', mvcosvm,
(lirnrd. It differs in the smaller eye, the more remote origin of tlie dorsal tin from the
bead, the lack of anterior union of the mucous cauols, and the coloration. (Cope.)

3030 75

u

' t !l

Ml f

2426 Bulletiii 4.7, United States Natmial Museum,

2782. XIPHIDION RUPESTRE (Jordan & Gilbert).

H<iad. 7* in body; depth 9. D. LXVIII; A. 50; eye 6 in head; maxillary
2.^ ; caudal 2^^. Teeth essentially as in A', nmcosum. Tho lower lateral line
sends a branch to the abdominal line ; a constriction .it the nape. Distance
from origin of dorsal to the occiput greattjr than the distance from the
occipu,'; to tlie snout. Anal fin beginning much in advance of middle of
b«»dy, tlie distance from the first ray to tip of candal exceeding the distance
to snout by nearly twice length of bead; pectoral very short, its length less
than dian'eter of eye. Reddish brown, uniform or variously shaded with
lighter; a light olivaceous bar at base of caudal, extending on dorsal and
anal, behind this a blackish area; tip of caudal usually pale; 3 long, well-
defined stripes radiating backward from eye, these stripes uniform blacl<,
abruptly margined with very light olive; the central stripe proceeding
straight backwfird from the eye, i breadth of cheek, at which point it is
broadest; it is tlieu narrowed and bent abruptly downward; both tlie
middle and lower stripes reach the margin of preopercle. Length 12 inches.
Smaller than the preceding, and ecjually abundant ; among rocks and alga-,
from Vancouver Island to Monterey. Here described from sittcimens, (5 or
7 inches in length, from Neah Bay, Straits of Fuca, Washington, {rupes-
tris, living among rocks.)
Xiphitter rupegtrin, Jordan & Gilbert. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 137, Monterey Bay,

California (Coll..r"n'an & Gill)ert); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 773, 1883.
Xiphidioii rupesi'c. Jordan &. Stauks, Fishes Puget Sound, 848, 1895.

&.I. CEBEDICHTHYS,* Ayres.

GehedicMhyn, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., i, 1855, 59 (violaeevs).

Uc/ly com|)arativ6ly short, compressed, covered with nvinute scales;
lateral line distinct, running very high, with very short brandies, each
ending in a pore, as ia Xiphiates, but the branches more obliiiue and less
regular. Head short; crown with a conspicuous fleshy longitudinal crest
in tlie adtilt: jaws wiibeciual, with conical tcetli ; villiform teeth on vomer
and jtalati'es; gill lueuiltraui's united, free from the isthmus. Dorsal fin
confinnourf, long and low, the aufcrior part composed of sharp s])ines,
w'licb. are rather lower than tlie soft rays; caudal fin rounded, connected
witli dorsal and anal; anal lin similar to soft dorsal, with 1 or 2 small
spinas; n.!ctorals small; ventrals wanting. Intestinal canal elongate,
with Ecveral ])ylorio cicca. Pacific Ocean. Herbivorous; similar in habits

* TliO i'oli^>^ iiij; rtmi.irkablo fieuiis may 1)« allied to Cehedichthy$:

NEOZOARCES, SttMudaclincr.

Neozoarcet, Steiwdachnkr, Iclitli. Beitr.,ix, 26, 1880 {pulchcr).

Xeo/oarces pi'LciiEU, Sti'iiidaclinor.

IJodv cloiipave, taporiiifi backward, tbodorsal ard anal united at tbo tail without distinct
eaiuliit. Scaies xmall. eiiilieddcd, no lateral line. Mouth very lai'Ke, the inaxillar\ extend-
ing Cur beyond eye; b)wer jaw slightly huifjer than upper;' blunt, conical teelli in iniiiiy
rowH on Jaws, vomer, and i)aiatines. A tliick tentacle above nostril; gill membranes unite*!,
free from istlnniis. Doisal low, the anterior |K>rtion of short, stitlish spines; no aii'il
spine; vcntrala n anting; pectorals modeiate; j)seu(lobraiu;hiai jtresent. Head 6; depth
0. I). XLl, ,'■'0; ,' . I.7r). Coli)rhijrhly variegated, tiulf of Strietok, Okhotsk Sea. (kcos,
n.>w; /oarei't; but it has little atlinity with tiie latter geniis.)

Neuzoarre* p\ilehv>% STKiNDACHNEB.Ioiitl. 'loitr., ix, 27, taf. 6, f. 2,1880, Gulf of Strietok.
(Coll. Professor JJybowski.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2427

to the species of AiphidioH. («;7/i()?, the Sapajou, a kiutl of monkey ; i'^Ot'^?,
fish; in allusion to the "peculiar nionkej'-like " iihysiognomy as seen from
the front.)

2788. < KBEDIOIITHYS VIOLACKUS (Ayres).

Il«'afl6i; depth 6. 1). XXIII, 41; A. I, 41. Maxillary extending to or
1 icy oml orbit. Dorsal scaly at hase; vent nearer snout than hase of cau-
dal ; pectoral '^ length of head ; nap<^ midway betwee?i dorsal and eye.
Dull oliv«^ grayish, mottled with lighter, sometimes reddish tinged; verti-
cal finf all edged with reddish; chet^k with 3 darker stripes, edged
with poller, 1 downward and backward from the eye, close behind angle
of moiitli; another above it to root of pectoral; another running upward
and backward from the eye, and meeting its fellow over the crest. Length
•SO inches. San Francisco to Point Concepciou; abundant; often brought
into the markets, (violaceiia, violet.)

Ajiodichthys violaceus, Gihard, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18.')4, 150, San Luis Obispo, Cali-
fornia. (Coll. D:-. Kennoily.)

Cfhedichttty g crigtayalli, Aykes, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. 8ci., 1, 1855, 58, San Francisco.

Cfhedifhthys violaceut, Gujaud, Pac II. II. Surv., x, Fishes, 121, pi. 26, tigs. 4nud5, 1858; Jou-
DAN it Gilbert, Synopsis, 774, 1883.

912. PLAGIOGRAMMUS, IJcan.

Vlwjioijrammug, Ukan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893, fii)i) (hoykiniti).

IJody moderately olougate, compressed, covered with very small scales;
lateral lines 2, viz, 1 beginning above and slightly in advance of the
ujiper angle of the gill opening and extending along tho upper pait of
tht^ body, but not reaching the tail, and 1 beginning in advan<:e of the end
of this and reaching to tho caudal ; numerous lateral ridges on the sides,
similar to those on Dhiyonoma of Teniniiuck & Schlegel; a series of auli-
l»entagoiial plate-like bodies along the abdominal edge on each side be-
tween the ventral and the anal. Head moderately long, naked, with
pointo<l snout; mouth oblique and rather large; .jaws subecpial, or the
lower slightly projecting; jaws with strong teeth in broad hands, the iu-
lernuixi Maries with an outer series of enlarged canine-like teeth ; teeth ou
vouu;r and palate; a pair of large canines near the symphysis \\\ luuh jaw,
the canines of the upper jaw fitting into an iuterspaoo beliiiul the maudil)-
uiary <'anines. A series of pores ou tho ramus of the mandibula cont inn-
ing around the preopercular edge; a series of similar pores along the
lower margin of tho preorltital continued backward and upward toward
the nape. Anterior nostril tubular; posterior without tube. Maxillary
iiroadly expanded ])osteriorly ; lips rrell develojxMl. Uranchiostegals .'>;
gill membranes partly united, but free from the isthnnis behiu<l. (Jill
lakers minute, tubercular, in moderate nuuiiier. A single hnig dorsal lin
consisting of spines only, the spines longest in the iiosterior portion;
anal flu lower than the dorsal, but similar in shap<\ Pectoral larg<(,
entirely below median line. Ventrals well developed, in ailvancc of pec-
torals; caudal round(^d, distinct. Intestinal canal short', with ~> small
pylorii! cieca. (ffAci/'/of, oblique; yfja/inn'/, line.)

^y.ii

•1'

2428 Bulletin 47 , United Slates National 3 fusetcm.

2784. PfiAOIOABiinirS IIOPKINSI, Jieaii.

H.'iid i; depth 5.^; «ye 5 I>. XLI; A. II,2i); V. 1,5; W. a; scales nbont
J)5; ii(lsr(!8 on side iJ2, Snout ii(i//e; .ulterior uostril tubular Jiml uearer
oyo than tip of snout; posterior nostril close to upper anterior niavgiu ot
eye; maxillary extending almost to vertical through hind in-^rgiu of
eye; intermaxi"ar}' long, slender, and reaching nearly as far back .as
maxillary ; intermaxillary teeth in broad bands, with au outer series of 5
or () large canines, th»>80 near the symphysis largest; teeth in mandible in
broad bauds in frcuit, followed by several enlarged canine-'iVe teeth;
a large canine on each side of symphysis, the interspace between the 2
nuiudil)ular}' canines receiving the canines of the iut»Mmaxillary when the
jaws are closed. A row of 8 pores along ramus of mandible and edge of
preopercle; another ser! around lower margin of preorbital bona as
described for the genus; ubout 8 gill rakers on first arch below angle.
1 )istanc<i of dorsal origin from snout nearly eqv.al to length of head ; spines
lowest in front, the longest spine f length of head; longest rays of anal
near end of tin and scarcely excee<l length of eye; length of pectoral
equaling that of postorbital part of head; ventrals close together; inner
vays longest, f as long as head; caudal rounded, its length nearly \ that
of head ; vent under eleventh spine of <lorsal. Upper lateral linti begin-
ning above ..nd slightly \n advance of upper angle of gill opening, curv-
ing v«'ry slightly over pectoral and extending to below twenty-lifth siiine
of dorsal, its distance from dors.il edge ecjual to diameter of eye and also
equal to its distance i\om lower lateral lino; lower lateral line begiuniMg
under sixteenth spine ol dorsal and extending to caudal. On each side c-l'
the abd«iminal ridge, between the ventrals and the vent, are about 10 snb-
pentagonal ])la(e-like bodies, the largest abtnit J as long as eye. Color
dusky brown, the tins black. Monterey, California; a few 8i)ecimens
dredged iimong rocks. Little is known about the habits of the sjiecies,
beyond the fact that in the atiuarium it hides in rock crevices and seldom
ventures from its hiding jdace. (I take pleasure in associating with this
bleuny the name of Mr. 'rinu)thy noi)kins, of Meidn Park, California, the
founder of the Seaside Laboratory at Pacific («rove, Monterey Bay, in
connnemoration of his services in behalf of scieiu'e. Hean.)

J'laijiiiiimmiiuin /i../-*(n».", Mka.n, I'roc. IT. S. Nut. Miis. 1893, (WO, Monterey Bay, Califor
nia. (T> i>t', No. 44721, U. S. Nut. Miis.)

913. OPISTHOCENTRUS, Kuer.

OjiUthiwfiitnit. IvNKK. SitzljiT. Akiul. Wins. Viwix ]8()8, 49 (<iHiniiunnae\datu») .
Uleiiiiiii/iliidiinii, Hori.KNdKU, I*nn'. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18112, r^H'.i < <ietriip(nili).

Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with very small cycloid
scales. Mouth small, horizontal, protractile, with lleshy lips; small coui
cal teeth in jaws and on vomer and jialatincH. No cirri, tiill membranes
broadly connected, but free from isthmus; branchiostegals 4. Dorsal tin
very lonj;, exteiuling from the nai>e to the caudal, with which it is sub-
continuous; a few of the posterior rays are stiff spines, the rest being

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2429

Biniple aud not aiticulo^te, but flexible; unal tin extending from the anus,
which is a little nearer the anterior than the posterior extremity, to the
caudal, formed exclusively of soft rays; no ventrals. No lateral line. No
prominent anal papillie. Pyloric appendages present. A remarkable
i:;cnu8, allied to LuKipc'ius, or rather to I'lectohranchna, difstiuguished by
havinjr only the posterior spines rigid. North I'acific. (u^r/CjOe, behind;
HEt'Tpov, spine.)

27Sr>. OPISTHOCEXTRUS 0( KLLATUS (TileHiiis).

Head 6i; de])th 6i (without caudal). 1). LV to I.XI, usually LIX; A.
.'{(ito39; 5 to 7 of the posterior dorsal spines rigid; Eye as long as snout,
I in head, aud a little more than interorbital width; maxillary extending
to beiow anterior fourth of eye; some wide pores on tlio head; checks,
I percles, and occijiut closely scaled; strips of small scales on the branchi-
ostegal membrane between the rays. Dorsal rays continuous and sul)equal
in depth, the longest spine 2! in head in females, 1/; in males; pectoral H
in head, about as long as caudal. Anus twice as far from caudal as from
base of pectoral. Yellowish brown, with ill-defined darker marblings; a
crescentic black line on the top of the head from eye to eye; a Jtlack line,
(>l)liquely directed forward, below the eye, and another, in opposite direc-
tion, from tlui e.> e to the opercle; 2 v'ark-brown streaks across the nape,
thesecond crossing the origin of the dorsal tin and extending to tlie base of
t,ho pectoral; dorsal and caudal fins grayish olive, lighter at the basi', tin;
dorsal with 5 to i) (usually (5) large black spots at regulai' intervals, these
wanting in the males; pectorals tind anal colorless. Numerous specimens
are fnmi Tareinsky Hay, Kamchatka; Totropanlski Harltor, and Shana
Bay, Ittirup Island. The number of dorsal ocelli varies from 5 to 9 in our
s])ocimen8, G being the prevailing number. Of 24 specimens whose fins we
have enumerated, 4 have "tcS dorsal spines, 10 have 59, 5 have (50, and 5 have
til. In addition, 1 specimen has but 55 spines. The latter is the only nsiile
in the collection and is conspicuous by the absence of distinct dorsal
iic(!lli and the great height of the vertienl llns, the longest dorsal spine
exceeding the length of the pectoral and contained 1/; times in head. In
females the longest spine is 2^ in head. I'lie umiiI contains 36 to 39 rays
in nil our specimens. The dorsal fin isionijtosed exc^lusiv^ly of spines, tlio
Ulterior fiexible ones pa.s8ing into the strong jmngent ones near tin* pos-
terior end. The stronger spines vary fioni 7 to IJ in number in our spe* i-
inens. Our material answers the description of the typo of (). i/itiniiue-
mitriildtuH whi<h had ,57 dorsal sidnes and3(! anal rays. It also agrees with
specimens from Petropaulski, reported on by Bean & Bean (I'roe. II. S.
N'at. Mus. 1H96, 391), with dorsal spines 58 in number. Hlmiiioiilihlium
jieliopaiiH, Bonlenger, has but 52 dorsal apines, but it is otherwise not to
lie distinguished from (>. ocrUnluH, Still more aberrant are J specimens
from Gulf of Strietok, nordinin .lapan, mentioned by Steindachner ([chth.
Ileitriige. IX.25), with but 50 t) 63 s/dnoH ami 32 to 31 "jil rays. These
may rejiresent a distinet species. (Iithiiliiiiti iiiilhitiim of 'I'ilesiiis must be
this species, but the c(»unfc of fin raya is incorrect and nniy be taken from

I;

Wm

|i4 '

i\ I

V

Mi

2430 Bulletin ^y, United States National MuseMtn.

tbe rough figure. Opiathocentrus Icnuis is probably also identical ■with
O. ocdlatua, though the writers did not think so until after examina-
tion of tlie present large material. Coast of Kamchatka, sonthwestward
to Okhotsk Sea, generally common fr(>m Komandorski Islands to Yezo.
(ocdlatua, with eye-like spots.)

Ophidmm ocellatum, 'Sn.KSiva, Mem. Ac. St. Petersl)., ii, 1811, 237, Kamchatka. D. 80;

A. 50; evidnntly .an error. The rude figure shows D. 73; A. 50, the spines low; the

durNitl witli 5 ocelli.
Centrontua (Opitthocentrus) rjninquemaeulatus, Knek, Sitzber. Altad. "Wiss. "Wein 18C8.

48, tiif. 7, f. 20, "Pinang." Descrilmd from a youn^ specimen 2 incites long, No. 6353,

Mus. Wien.
Gunnellus apog, CuviEU & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., xiv, 426, 1839; after Tn.ESius.
Centronotua apus, GCntheh, Cat., ni, 288, 1861.
lilenniophidium petropauU, Boui.enqeh, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1892, 584, with plate,

Petropaulski (Coll. George Isaden-Powell) ; D. 52; A. 37; 5 ocelli.
OpiMhocentritu tenuit* Uean & Bean, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1897, Volcano Bay, Port

Morusan, Japan. (Coll. Col. Nicolai A. Grebnicski. Type, No. 47.')65, U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Opisthoeentru»q\iinquemacHlatxi», Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., ix, 25, 1880; Bkan & Bean,

Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 381, 392.
Opisthoeentrus ocellatus, Jordan & Gilbert, Kept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

914. PHOLIDAPUS, Bean & Bean.

I'lwlidaimg, Bean \ Bean, Proc. V. 3. Nat. Mus. 1896, 389 (grehnititkii).

Body moderately (dongato, compres.sed, covered with vei'y small, smooth
scales. Mouth sniiill, horizontal; bands of small teeth cm jaws and
vomer, none on palatin«>s. Head naked; gill membranes broadly con-
nected, free from the isthmus; dorsal very long, composed entirely of fiexi-
blc spines ; anal of soft ray.s ; caudal short, rounded, separate ; no ventral
fins; no lateral line; pyloric Cieca present. This genus is close to Opis-
tho<:en1rii8, but has no pungent spines, and the head is naked. Okhotsk
Sea. (0O/1/?, PhoUa; aituui;, without feet, i. o., ventral fins.)

27HA. PlIOLIDAPiJN DYUOWSKII (Stciiubicbner).

Head r>Ho fit; depth 6 to (JJ. D. LXII or LXIII; A. II, .S9, Eye 3:| to
to tij in head; snout a little longer than eye; lower jaw scarcely included ;
1 or 2 strong conical teeth on each side behind the narrow premaxillary
hand of teeth; teeth on vomer, n(me (m palatines; no cirri; large pores

* (ypitthocentrus tenuis is thus described :

D. 30, XV ; A. 38. L<Migth of tiah to caudal base 5J inchos; length of head 1 ; depth of
body J; tiio greatest width of the body is conliiined 2J tlnies in tiie length of tlie liead.
Tiie (liiinieter of tlie eye is nearly equal to the length of tlie .snout and is contniniHl 4J
tiiiicH ill the lengtii of the head; the widtli of the iiiterorliital s)iace is almost iMinal to tlic
long diameter of eye. Tlie maxilla reaches to the vertical pa.st front of eye. Teeth
Idiiiitly rounded, eiiiliedded in llesli ; voiuerino teeth present; )ialatines_none. The origin
of the 'lursiil tin is over tlio end of the gill cover, its tirst 30 rays are simple and tiexilile,
tlu^ last 15 lire strong Hpiiies and end slightly above the meml-;.uu' in stitf ]ioints, tlie
longest spine is almost f, as long as the head. The ana! uriginat <s under tlietwentielli
ray of the dorsal ; its rays are divided and articulated; ihe loncest ray is i as long as the
lio'ail. The general color is brown with cross reticulations of TdiK'k. Sides of head mid

body along b;ise of anal, orange; anal, :;audal, and pei^torals light with ilusUy shadings;
dorsal tinily mottled with black and Ix^aring 6 bhiek spots on areas of white, the lirsl of
these spots being on the sixth ray and the last on the next to last spine; a blar-k bar from
front of eye downward, and another from ]iosterior margin ohliiiuely down and backward.
This species dill'ers from the typical form in its greater ctuupressi'ou of the body and ita
increased number of dorsal spines, (lieiiii ,v lieiiii.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2-431

about eye and oa opercles; lonju^eBt dors.al spines 1\ to 3 in depth of Itody,
last spines shorter and stiffer than others; dorsal and anal slightly Joined
to caudal; pectoral as long as caudal, about 1^ in head. Head naked.
Brown or grayish, with faint spots or inarblings; 1 or 2, rarely 3, dark
ocelli on the dorsal; 3 or 4 dark streaks radiating from eye, the upper-
most Joining its fellow. Length 10 to 15 inches. Coast of northern Japan
and sea of Okhotsk, north to the Kuril Islands. Our specimens, 5 in num-
l»er, the largest 25 cm. long, from Shana I5ay, Itnrup Island. Steindach-
ner's excellent and detailed description leaves nothing to be desired, and
corresponds perfectly with our material except in the character of Ww
scales. A careful examination of these under high magniiicatiou fails to
show that they are "amhintcren Randomit kurzen Zilhnchen licwaftuet."
The posterior border is entire and the scales strongly marked with con-
centric 8tria^. Dorsal spines number 62, 63, 63, 64, 64. Dorsal ocelli pres-
ent in all our specimens, 2 of them being faintly visible even in the
youngest, 55 mm. long. Pholidapita f/ribnitskii seems to differ only in the
shorter dorsal liu (57 spines). (Named for Professor Dybowski, its lirst
collector.)

Centronotus dybownkii, Steindacuneh, Ichtli. Beitriigo, IX, 22. 1880, Gulf of Strietok,
northern Japan (Coll. Prof. Dybowski) ; Jokdan &. Oilbekt. Itupt. Fur Seal Invest.,
1898. •■

U'liolidnpus !)rebnlt»kii,''BEAS 6c Bean. Proc. U. S. Nat. Man. 1890, pi. ;t4, ;t90, Yezo, Japan.
(<Joll. Col. Nicolai A. (Jirebnitski.)

.'t I';,'.

.1:

915. PLECTOBRANCHUS, (iilbert.
I'lectobranchut, Giliieut, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1890, 102 (evides).

Teeth conic, on Jaws, vomer, and palatines, some of them canine-like.
Hody scaly; lateral lino obsolete, its course indicated by a lighter streak
on middle of sides. Gill slits not continued far forward, the memi)ranes

* rholidapng grehnitukii, Boiin & Bean, is thus described; Tho Hpecimens nro 141 mm.
long, inc^lndin^ caudal; 126 mm. to baso of caudal. The head (22 iiiin.) is e(iual to the
(ireatest dt'ptliof body. The eye is slightly longer than the snout and i as lonj; as the
head. The interorbital spaco'is narrow, f of the length of the eye. The naked head
resembles that of I'liolis, its length ia contained about 5J times in "total length witliout
the caudal. The mouth is small and very oblique; the nuindilde is slightly included and
lias a well developed lip. The maxilla is partly concealed under tlie i)reorbital bone: it
doesnot<|uite reach to below the anterior nuirgin of the pu|)il. The anterior nostril is
midway between the eye and the tip of tiie intermaxilla. Seven mucous pores around
the orbit: ;t on the preorl»ital bone. The pore in the origin of the semicircular dark band
around the nape is continued backward by a series of 0 similar ones ending near the
upper angle of the gill opening. A series 01*^10 or 11 jxtres beginning near tlie front of the
chin on each side, extending backward and curving upward to the ui>per r nterior edge of
tiio operculum. The gill membranes are broadly united, but tliey are not joined to the
isthmus. The dorsal origin is over the end of the head; the finis low, and consist -i of
spines, the hmgest and strongest in the posterior third l>eing slightly huiger than the eve.
'1 lui distance of the vent from tlio tip of the snout contains tlie head lengtli 2': tii-ies.
The anal is slightly lower than the dorsal, the rays longest i)osteriorly. The ciiii.ial is
"•ouuded, iind is barely separated from the dorsal and anal. The ]<ecto"ral liase is broad,
i..id the till is J as long as the head. The intestine is slender, and is more th:in twice as
long as th(; head. Stonuich short, pcar-shajied, with 6 slender ]iylorie cseca of une<|iial
length, the longest about twice as long as the eye. Tho body is Vouipletely sealed, the
scales very snmll, cycloid, closely imbricat<'d, w'ilh numerous eonrentric stria-, and they
extend halfway u]) the membrani^ connecting the dorsal sjiines. The general body color
is brown, the sidles sparsely and vaguely mottled. The iiectorals are palo. A n.irrow.
dark band extends from tlie middle of the eye downward and forward, a sii ir ban'l
running bai^k ward fnuu tin ye on the preopen'le ; an intt^i'rujited se- -MMrcniar md tVoin
eye to eye across the nape. I). I.VII: A. 11, II!) or 40. (The siiecies Is miuied lor Mr. N.
(irebnitski, to whose industry and zeal tho Museum is indebted tor mauy valuable col-
lections. Beau &. Beuu. )

iijj 1'.

H

!i li

■■■'• n

•: I IS

X"

p.

..r*.: : >■■■■'■

2432 Dullctin ^7 , United States National Museum,

l»roa«lly united, wholly free from isthmus. Dorsal of spines only. Anal
with 2 spinas. Ventral with 1 spine and 3 well-developed rays. Lower
pectoral rays lon}j;est, as in Xe/jtocKnMS. North Pacific. (;rA£«rd5, f folded;
ftpdyxoc,, gill. )

2787. PLECTOBRANCnUS ETIDK8, Gilbert.

Head rath«'v long, 4f in length, extending well heyond origin of dorsal
fin; depth aliout 11. D. LVI; A. II, 34. Body very slender, the depth
n«'arly constant throughout. Caudal peduncle without froe portion, its
depth 2i in tliat of body. Upp«'r jaw with a broad inner band of minut«<>
treth in front and on the sides, the outer scries enlarged, 2 in the front of
the jaw distinctly canine-like; teeth in the lower jaw similar to the outer
8eri«!8 above, in a single 8eri<'H laterally, forming a patch in front of jaw,
wliere 2 of them are much (Milarged canines, the largest teeth in the jaws;
vomer and palatines with bands of small but very evident teeth. Eyes
large, close together, the interorbital space ^ pupil. Orbit 3* in head,
longer than snout. Posterior nostril with a short flap, the tube obsolete.
Mouth large, somewhat obliijue, maxillary reaching middle of orbit, 2% in
head. Top of head with v«'ry large pores, a series running backward from
each eye, the two joined by a cross series on occiput. Body covered with
very small cycloid scales, including b(dly, nape, breast, and cheeks, thost)
on breast ftnd ch«'eks not imbricated; lateral line without visible pores.
(Spinous dorsal beginning well forward, the distance from its origin to
nape less than from latter to posterior margin of orbit. Anterior spines
short, but fully united by membrane, the longest spine 3i in head; mem-
brane of last spine reaching base of upper caudal rays; origin of anal
very slightly in advance of middle of body; anal with 2 short, sharp
spines, the rays longer, thtur terminal \ free from membrane; last anal
ray connected with base of lower caudal ray; ventrals well developed,
nearly \ head ; pectorals with lowermost rays abruptly lengthened, f head ;
caudal sh(trt, rounded, little more than \ head. Color dusky olive above,
lighter below; sides crossed by about 25 narrow white bars, narrower
than inter8i)ace8; 3 equidistant dark blotches near back, each double,
the two halves occupying contiguous interspaces between white bars;
brand liostegal membrane black ; head without markings; pec'torals white
at bJise, the. distal half Idack, margined with Avhite; vcntrals white; dor-
sal with alternating obliqut* bars of white and blackish, 2 jet-black
roundish spots on its posterior portion; caudal whitish at bas»^, then
dusky, margined with v/hite, its upper ray jet-black ; anal light at base,
becoming black at edge of membrane, the free tips of rays v lute. Coast
of Oregon. A single specimen, 4 inches long, from Alhalronx .Statir)n 30(54,
in 46 fathoms. {EVF.id)}e;, comely.)

n

riecMiraiichns eridis, (}iliieut, I'roc. U. S. Nat.
Albatross Station 3064. (Cull. Albatroan.)

Mas. 1890, 102, coast of Oregon, at

^ ■':

U-

916. LEPTOCLINUS, Gill.

Ctenodnn, Nh.8son, Skandinav. Faun., iv, 190, 1853 (tnaculatiu) (naiiiu tliroe tiincs * pre

occupieil).
Leptoclinnit, OiLL, rroc. Ac. Nut. Kci. PLila. 1864, 209 (aculeatut).

* Ctenodun, Wnglcr, 183U, ji lizaTil; ElinMibery, 18'18, a rotifer, ami SwaiDHon, 1«;I9, a fish.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2433

Body much elongated; lateral lino ol)8ol«*to; teeth on Jawa, vomer, and
palatines; pectoral lins with the upper rays shortened; caudal fin snlt-
tnnicate. Arctic seas. This genus is close to LumpenuSf differiug mainly
in the form of the pt^ctoral. (Aeffrdj, slender; Clinua.)

27S8. LKPTO(!LIM!S MA(!UIiATI!S (Fries).

(Lanohakn.)

Head 5 ; depth 8. D. LX (LVIII to LX) ; A. 36 (35 to 38). Eye large, U
in head; snout short and blunt, 4^ in head, maxillary reaching past middle
of eye, 2^ in ho.id. Teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines ; jaws eac^h having
2 strong canines in front. Scales small, cycloid. First 3 or 4 dorsal spines
short and free; longest dorsal spines as long as eye; caudal iin free from
dorsal and anal; ventrals 3 in head; pectorals rather large, 1^ in head.
Color yellowish, irregularly marked with dark spots, a series of about (5
of these spots exteiuling along sides close to base of dorsal fin ; a series of
smaller spots extending along center of sides from upper base of pc^ctoral
to caudal ; dorsal irregularly covered with dark spots ; caudal with 4 dark
cross bands; anal, ventral, and pectorals plain yellowish. Bering Sea to
Spitzbergen, south to Aleutian Islands and the coasts of Sweden and Nor-
way, This description is taken from a specimen, 5^^ inches long, from
Alaska, near Unimak Pass {AlhatroHS Station 3309). A few young individ-
uals of this species, hitherto known only from the North Atlantic, were
taken in Unimak Pass and in Bristol Bay, in 29.V to 70 fathoms. Three
small specimens were also taken off Koltben Keef, near the Kamchatka
coast, in 28 fathons, and one off Karluk, Kadiak Island. Having no Atlantic
s])ecimens of this species, we are unable to satisfy ourselves of the iden-
tity of the two, but no difference is evident from descriptions. The lat-
eral line is much more distinct than in our specimens of Lumpnius mcdius,
in which it can bo made out witli difliculty on scattered scales along mid-
dle of sides. (Eu.) (maculatnn, spotted.)

(Hinn^ macttlatus, Fries, Kgl. V^et. Ak. Ilaiidl. 49, 1837, Bohuslan, Sweden.

Liimpcniis aculeatus, Ueinhaiidt, Kong. Dansk. Vid. .Selak., vi, 1837, 1!)0, no description.

Clin us aculeatus. Reinhakdt, Dauwk. VideuBk. Solsk. Natur. Afh., vn, 1838,114,122,194,

Spitzbergen.
Ctenodon maeulatus, Nii-SSON, Skand. Fauna, iv, 190, 1853.

Slichwui 7»lrt«M/rt(«S, CiilNTlIER, Cat., HI, 281, 1861.

Lumpen U.I uculratus, Kh<)VF.1(, Naturhiat. Tid.sskr., r, 377, 1802.

Sticlireus aculeatus. (iI'ntiiku. Cat., iii, '282, 1861 ; Coi.r.ETi', Norske Nord-Hiivs Exp. ,07, 1880.

Luiiipfmig inaculatus, JoHUXS & C.ii.iikut. Synopsis, 777, 1883; Liiyeborj;, Sveriges Ot;h

NorgcsFisii., 500,1891.
Lejitodinus maculatus, Gilukut, Ropt. r. S. Fisli Conini. 1893, 4.')0.

917. POROCLINUS, Bean.

I'oriiclitiUK. Hean, Prop. V. S. Nat. Mua. 189o, 40 (rothrocki).

Body elongate, moderately compressed, covered with small scales; lat-
eral line obsolete. Head moderately long; snout short; eyes large; inter-
orbital spaci" narrow. Mouth small, lower jaw slightly included; teeth
on vomer ami palate; narrow l»ands of teeth in jaws, the outer series

.1

Iii I
' if

I
1 ^

u
it

^*

2434 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,.

enlarged. Gill openings slightly prolonged forward below, narrowly
attached to the iathnins anteriorly. Dorsal composed of many sharp, flex-
ible spines, diminished in length anteriorly. Caudal long, pointed; anal
with 3 spines and many rays; p«'ctoral8 large, the middh^ rays longest;
ventrals jugular, with 1 s]iiue and 3 rays. Intestine short; pyloric eseca
lor 2; no air bladder. Northern Seas. (;ro/Jo?, pore; Cliinta.)

2780. POKOCLINIIN KOTilKOC'KI, Bean.

Head 6^ in length; depth at nape 12. D. LVII to LX; A. Ill, 40 to 42.
Body tapering uniformly backward. Vent pl;iced anteriorly, its distance
from snout If to IJ in its distance from base of caudal. Snout compressed,
slightly projecting, the lower Jaw included; maxillary reaching vertical
fnmi front of pupil, 3^^ to 3i in head. Teeth acute, in narrow bands in
the Jaws, a single well-marked series on vomer, an<l a patch on front of
palatines, those on vomer and palatines fully as large as those on jaws,
and <M]ually developed in young and adults. Eyes large, close together,
the interorbital space convex, its width about .} pupil. Diameter of orbit
etiualing length of maxillary, about 31 in head. Nostril tiibes well devel-
oped, A diameter of pui)il. Gill openings narrower than in other described
members of this group, extending forward below the vertical from poste-
rior part of cheek, where thej' are firmly joined to isthmus, across which
they do not form a fold. Gill rakers obsolete. Dorsal beginning over end
of opercular flap, its distance from nape equaling distance of latter from
posterior margin of pupil ; membrane of last spine slightly joined to base
of caudal; anterior dorsal spines short, but well connected by membrane;
anal with 3 distinct spines, shorter than the rays that follow, the second
the longest, all as strong as dorsal spines, and fully connected by mem-
brane, rays all branched at tip, membrane of last ray joined only slightly
to 1)a8e of caudal ; caudal sharply pointed in all our specimens, the median
rays longest, about as long as head; pectorals evenly rounded, the median
rays longest, 14 or 15 in number, all branched; viMitrals well developed,
about ? as long as head, consisting of 1 short, sharp spine and 3 rays, the
spine not closely joined to rays. I>ateral line indistinct, usually appear-
ing ol)8olete, more evident toward head, consisting of a series of distant
pores along median line; scales very small, cycloid, imbricated, covering
body, inclosing abdomen, breast, and nape; cheeks scaled, the head other-
wise naked, or sometimes with a small patch of scales on upper pjirt of
«)porcles. Color, sides with a series of 10 to 12 narrow white cross bars,
the first in front of dorsiil fin, the last under last dorsal spine, the bars
about i interspaces ; above lateral line scales conspicuously margined with
darker, below lateral line they broaden out and become forked; upjier
caudal rays at base with an oval Avbite ring inclosing a darker area, this
mark more conspicuous in the young; belly and veutrals white, otlier lins
dusky, but withont delinite markings. (Gilbert.) Bering Sea. Known
from 2 8])ccimen8; the type, 7 inches long, was taken August 4, 1888, at
llhalyoHH Station 2852, north latitude 55 ' 15 , west lougilude 150^^ 37', at a
depth of 58 fathoms, between Nagai and Big Koniushi Islands. The spec-

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2435

imen here described from llnalaakii. (Named for Dr. J. T. Rothrock,
professor of botany, University of Pennsylvania.)

roroelinug rothrocki, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mum. 1890, 40, 55° 15' N., 159° 37' W., between
Nagai Island and Koniushi Islands. (Coll. Alhatrosn.)

M

r«^

1; ,

Is '

'i

Iw '

m

)

!H

irp"

918. LUMPENUS, Iteinhiirdt.

(Snakk Hlknniks.)

Lumpenut, Keiniiahdt, Dan»k. Viilensk. Solsk. Xattir., vi, 1837, \\Ql(lumpenus~/ahricii).
Leptogunnellug, AVKES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., i, 1854, 20 {<jraeills).
Centroblennius, Gii.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 209 (nHhilvs).
Leptoblennius, Gn.i,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 209 (serpentimu).
Animrchus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1804, 209 (medivs).

Body greatly elongate, moderately conipressod, covered with Biimll
scales; lateral line indistinct or obsolete. Head long; snout short; no
cirri; eyes large, ]daeed high; mouth moderate, with a single row of
rather small conical teeth on eacli jaw; palatine teeth present or absent;
gill openings x)rolonged forward below, very narrowly united anteriorly
to the istlunus, not forming a free fold across it. Dorsal composed of
numerous, sharp, flexible, rather high, spines; caudal liu long; anal many-
rayed; pectorals large, more than i length of head, the middle rays long-
est; ventrals well developed, Jugular, I, H or I, 4; intestinal canal long;
pyloric caica present; no air bladder. Chiefly herbivorous. Northern
seas. {Lumpen, a Danish name of Zoarces rinjmniH, with which thv-se
lishes were at first confounded.)

Anisakciil's {aviaoi, iinoqual; apxo?, for anal):
a. Anal ttn very low in front, tlie rays gradually Itmjithoncd; (lor.sal H])inc8 01;
rays 42. " mkduis,

aa. Anal fin not much lower in front than behind.

LUMl'E.N'US :

h. Tcetli on palatines more or less deveh)]iud, at least in the adult; aiiiil ra
to 46; dorsal spines OH to 71.
c. Dorsal spines 69 to 71.

d. Anal rays 40; dorsal separate from caudal. ANoun.i.Aius,

dd. Anal rays 41 ; dorsal .slijjhtly Joined to caudal. mackavi,

cc. Dorsal ):']>ines about 6;(: anal rays 43. FAitiucn,

Leptohlknnh's (AtTTTos, slender; lilennius).
bb. Teeth on palatines wanting; dorsal spines 72 to 7.'>; anal rays about 50.

LAMl'ETlt.V.KOR.MIS,

anal
2790.

2791.
2702.
2703.

2704.

;..

Ill

-I

'J

!i. if

Subgenus ANISARCHUS, (iill.

!I7»0. I.I MPKN'US MKI)IIIS(Ueinhardt).

Head 6; depth 10. D. LXI; A. 42; V. I, 8. Lower jaw scarcely incliuled,
the maxillary reaching front of eye; teeth on palatines, none on vomer;
ventrals slender, j, length of head; lower rays of pectoral shorter than
middle ones, the fin short* r tlian head. Dorsal and anal slightly joined
to the truncate caudal; anterior half of anal with the rays shortened.
(Collett.) Yellowish, nearly ])laiu. (ireenland to Norway and Spitz-
l)erneu and westward to Heriug Sea and Kamchatka. Specimens fivun the

' ! it

^'

1

i' ' i-

t 'J-

r.

■t],.:

:m

2436 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

w

coast of Kamchatka are not ovideiitly difleient from the current iiguntB and.
descriptions of Atlantic specimens. (En.) {medim, middle.)

CUnun mediui, Keimiardt, Dansk. Yiilensk. Afli., vu, 18'.I8, 104, Greenland.

Lumpenus inedius, KkUybb, Naturh. TidHskr., i, 377, 1837; Jordan i: Uilhert, .Synopsis,

777, 1883.
Stichceun medius, GOnthkr, Cat., in, 281, 1861.
Animrehus medius, Gu.i,, Proc. Ar. Nat. S<i. Phila. 1864, 210.
Lumpenus medius, Ooi.i.rsTT, NoiHko Nord-Havs Kxj)., 62, 1880; Joruan & On.BERT, Rept.

Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

Subgenus LUMPENUS.
2701. MIMPKNUS ANiailLIiAltlS (Pallas).

Head 8; depth 14. D. LXXI; A. 4(5 (45 to 50); V. I, 4; B. 7- Cheeks
Hi-aly ; mouth sonu^what ohlicpie, the lower jaw inclnded ; niaxilUiry reach-
ing front of pupil; teeth on palatines, none on the vomer; a single series
of rather long, conical, and not very closely-set teeth in each Jaw. Gill
openings prolonged forward a distance greater than length of snout;
l>ylori« cii'ca 4, unequal. Fins all comparatively high, pectorals J length
of head, the middle rays long«^8t; v«Mitrals ^ length of head; dorsal and
anal distinct from the pointed caudal, which is nearly as long as head.
Olive green above, pale below ; sides marked above with d.irk olive brown ;
a s«'rie8 of more or less distinct oblong blotches of olive brown along mid-
dle of sides; dorsal barred or spotted; anal pale; opercle with a dark
blotch; head dusky above. Tjcngth 18 inches. San FrancisciO to Alaska;
very abundant northward to Sitka and Uualaska; originally recorded irom
Kamchatka, (anguillaris, eel-like.)

Blennius anguillarin, I'allas, ^ooj^r. Rosso- Asiat., U, 176, 1811, Kamchatha and Aleutian

Islands. (Coll. Billings and Murk.)
iSeptogunnellus gracilin, Avres, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1, 1855, 26, San Francisco.
Ounnellus anguillaris, CuviEH & Vai.enciknnes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 434, 1836.
Lumpenus anguillaris, Gujard, Pac. R. R. Siirv., x, Fishes, 123, pi. 256, figs. 1 to 3, 1858;

SroREK, Synopsis, 121, 1846; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 777, 1883; Jordan &.

Starks, Fishes Pugct Sound, 848, 1895.
atichceiis anguillaris, GOnther, Cat., in, 282, 1861.

27«2. LirMPKNIJS MACKAYI (Gilbert).

Head 6j|; depth i;{ or 14; eye 8 in head; snout 4. D. LXTX; A. 11, 41.
Very elongate. Head compressed and high, especially anteriorly, the
upper proHle of snout very convex, the upper jaw decidedlj' longer than
the lower. Mouth nearly horizontal. Maxillary reaching vertical from
front or middle of pupil, its length 3* to 3J in head. Teeth small, in a
narrow band, in jaws; a single series of weak teeth on palatines; vomer
toothless. Gill openings continued forward to below middle of cheeks,
the membranes then narrowly joined to isthmus; gill rakers short and
weak, about 10 on horizontal limb of iirch. Eye small, its horizontal
diameter Ji longer tlian its vertical, slightly longer than interorbital
width. Distance from snout to nape equaling length of postorbital part
of head. Opercles large, continued to beyond base of pectorals. Dorsal

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 24.'i7

beginning imnietliately above uppor end of gill slit, the spiiieH shurt,
strong, iiud pungent, not llexilile; some of the unterior 8])incs Hliort, but
not free, the fin increasing in heiglit to opposite front of anal, the longest
spine e<iualing length of snout, the membrane of hiHt s))ine joining base of
upper rays of caudal; ainil with 2 strong spines similar to those of the
dorsal tin, the second twice length of first and \ that of highest dorsal
spines; anal rays all forked, the posterior longest, equaling length of snout
and eye, free from the caudal; caudal Unrounded in younger specinH>ns,
lanceolate in adults, becoming in the latter^ as long as head; ventrals
short, of 1 short spine and '.^ simple rays, the lin \ length of head ; ])ectorals
large, the middle rays longest, \ length of head. .Scales small, smooth,
elongate, imperfectly imbricated, partially embedded <>r altogether want-
ing on anterior part of back; cheeks scaled, head otherwise naked; fa'.nt
traces of a lateral line sometimes visil)le on middle of sides anteriorly.
Color in spirits, light olivaceous (light yellowish in lif<')| a continuous
jet-black streak from occijjut along each side of dorsal to base of caudal,
with 2 interrupted black streaks below it, the lowermost running on mid-
dle of side; top and sides of head darker, variously marked with anasto-
mosing black lines and spots; opercles blackish; dorsal and caudal tins
dusky translucent, without distinctive markings; anal and ventrals
white; pectorals white or dusky; roof of mouth black ; peritoneum black
dorsally, white ventrally. Bering Sea. Several specimens were .seined near
the mouth of the Nushagak Kiver, Alaska. (Gilbert.) (Named forCharles
L«'sley McKay, of Appleton, Wisconsin, a very able young ichthyologist?
who was drown«'d at Nushagak, in Bristol Bay, in 1883.)

Lumpemm viackaj/i, (Iilukkt, Kept. U. S. I'ish Conini. lS!);t (1896), 450, pi. 32, moutti of
Nushagak River, Bristol Bay. (Coll. (iilbort.)

ik

'^^

I : I.

f^

2798. liUMl'EM'S FABUK'II (Cuvh^r .t VaUsncieniios).

Head 8 or 9; depth 11 to 1,5. D. LXIII to LX^'; A. 11 to «; V. I, 3;
P. 15. Upper jaw scarcely longer than loAver; teeth on palatines few and
small, often really or apparently wanting, especially in the young; max-
illaiy not reaching eye; vertical fins distinct; pectorals large, ovate.
Color light brown, with large pale rounded blotches separated by brown
shades; luuid yellowish; pectorals yellowish mottled, with a dusky sjtot
at base. Arctic seas; recorded from Spitzbergen, Greenland, the (Julf of
St. Lawrence, Wellington Sound, Bristol Bay, and other localities in Bering
Sea (Petropaulski and Plover Bay, .as L. (tntiuiUnria), We have specimens
from Bristol Bay, Disco, Upernavik, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. These
are apparently identical, and they sht>w clearly the identity of L, mibihia
with L.fahricii.

The following notes are from specimens taken in Bristol Bay, in 4A to 14
fathoms: These si>ecimeu8 seem to agree in structural details with
specimens of Lumpenus fahricii from the North Atlantic, The I'acitic speci-
mens are lighter in color, with the dusky mottlings continod to the dorsal
region, and with a very distinct series of oblong brown blotches along lat-
eral line, alternating with a lower series of small, faint, round s^iots.

I

iv

I.

i>

m

^> \r ^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

11.25

■uuu

mIMe

6"

Hiotographjc

^,Sciraices

Carporalion

4^

V

L1>^

<^

23 WnST M^m STRUT

WII.STIR,N.Y. 14SM

(7l*)t7a-4S03

v\

o^

■!■■■■■

hi-

1,1 ;

2438 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Under parts imitiaculate ; tbu niottlingH aloiig base of dorsal frequent!}
uniting to form a series of oblong blotclies alternating witb those of lateral
line ; other specimens show no traces of dorsal blotches ; dorsal fin trans-
lucent, faintly mottled with darker; caudal with brownish cross bars;
pectoral with a round dusky shade at base; fins otherwise unmarked.
Miindible with a single series of conical teeth, which widens at symphysis
into an irregular double series or narrow patch ; a similar series of conical
teeth in premaxillaries, within which is a band of fine villiform teeth.
A number of small specimens from Disco, Greenland, are entirely similar
except for the darker coloration. This species is near L. angiiillaris, but
the latter has a larger mouth, larger teeth, and more numerous fin rays.
(Named for Otho Fabricius, the first student of the fishes of Greenland.)

Blennitm lumpentis, Fauhicius, Fuuna Gronlaiidica, 151, 1780, Greenland; not Bienniua

luinpenu», Linn^us, which is a species of Oaidropsanm, with 2 barbels at the chin.
Ounndltu fabricii, Cuvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Mat. Poiss., xi, 431, 1830, Greenland,

alter Fabricius; Kboyeb, Naturhist. Tidsskr., i, 377, 1837; Gaimard, Voy. Scaud.,

Zool., Poiss., pi. 14, flK- 1-
Ltiiiipemu mibiliu, Kichabdson, Last Arctic Voj-age. Fishes, 13, pi. 28, 1855, Wellington

Sound. (Coll. Edward Beklior.)
Jiletinius {Clintu) lumpemig, Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 90, 1836.
Vlinus lumpentit, Reinhabut, Dans. Vidensk. Selek. Nat. Af h., vii, 194, 1838.
SHchcnu lumpenus, GUnthkb, Cat., in, 280, 1861.
Stictitetia mtbiliit, GiOntheb, Cat., ni, 564, 1861.
Gentroblmnius nutilus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1864, 209.
Ltimpeniis fabricii, Jobdan & Gilbert, Syuopsis, 778, 1883.
ijeptoblenniut nubiluH, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 778, 1883; Gilbert, Rept. TJ. S. Fish

Comm. 1893 (1896), 451.

t

2794. LIIHPKNIIS LAHPETR.KFORVIS (Walbauni).

(Snake Blenny; TANoiiBosHE.)

Head 9; depth about 15. D. LXXIII (LXVIII to LXXIV); A. 50 (49
to 52) ; V. 1, 3. Body elongate, head slender; loM'er jaw little shorter than
upper; maxillary reaching front of eye. Vent well forward, near end of
first third of body; pectoral convex, somewhiit shorter than head; first
3 or 4 rays of dorsal short, little connected; caudal acuminate, free from
dorsal and anal. Yellowish or greenish, with numerous (about 20) faint
brown blotches of difiereiit sizes, some of them confluent and extending
obliquely upward on dorsal; caudiil with transverse dark shades. (Col-
lett.) North Atlantic and Arctic on both shores, south to Sweden and
Norway, east to Spitzbergeii ; rare south to Cape Cod, if //. serptmtinvs is
the same. We can find no difference on a comparison of our notes with
published figures and descriptions, except that Storer describes Hcrpentinus
as having the caudal plain yellowish. (Eu.) {Lampetra, lamprey ; /or»io,
form.)

Blenniua cajtiti latvi. etc., Mohb, Hist. Nat. Islandiis, 85, taf. 4, 1786, Iceland ; D. 72 ; A. 64.

Blenniut lampetra>formis, Walbaum, Artedi IMscium, in, 184, 1792, Iceland; after MoHU.

OentronotHS iglandicut, Bloch &. Sciineidbr, Syst. Ichth., 157, 1801, Iceland; after Mohr.

GlinuM nebulotun, Frigs, Vet. Akad. Handl., 55, 1837, Bohualan, Sweden.

OUmm mohri, Kb<)VEB, Naturh. Tidsskr., 1 R, 1837, 32, Iceland.

Blenniiu gracilis, SxuviTZ, Nye Mag., Naturvid., 1, 400, 1838, west coast of Norway.

ivatKt%mT^

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2439

Blenniua terpentinus, Storer, Proc. Bo8t. Soc. Xat. Hist., in, 1848, 30, Massachusetts Bay,
from the stomach of ncodflHh (Ceil. Capt. Kathaniel £. Atwood); Stqrbr, Uist. Fish.
Mass. 169, pi. 18, f. 1, 18C7.

G^mneUus iilandietut, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 433, 1836.

8tich(BU» islandicus, GOnthkk, Cat., in, 281, 1861.

Lumpenua lainpetrceformU, Collett, Norske NonlHavs Exj)., 71,1880; Jordan &. Uil-
bert. Synopsis, 778, 1883.

Leptoblenninus terpentinus, Jordan & Giluert, Synopsis, 778, 1883.

919. STICH.ffiUS, Keiuhardt.

Stichaeut, Reiniiardt, Daiisk. Vidensk. Natur.og Matli. Afhandl. 1837, 109 {imnetatux),
Notogrammn*, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iv, 1881, 147 (rothrocki) ; young.

Body moderately elongate, covered with small scales; teeth on jav's,
vomer, and palatineH. Lateral line present, single, running along side of
back; pectorals and ventrals well developed. Dorsal moderately higli,
of Sj)ine8 only ; gill openings continued forward below, the niembraned
scarcely unite<l to the isthmus; pyloric ciuca present. Arctic seas.
{6rixdoo, to set in rows.)

2795. STICIIJiUS PUNCTATIS C^abricius).

Head 4^ : depth about 7. D. XLVIII or XLVIX ; A. 32 to 35; eye twice
interorbital width, \^ in head; snout subconical, 4 in head. Maxillary
about equal to snout, 'i'^ in bda<l, reaching slightly beyond front of eye.
Narrow bands of teeth in the jaws and present on vomer and palatines,
the outer series in the upper jaw and the inner series in lower jaw enlarged.
Scales small, cycloid ; head and cheeks scaleless ; longest dorsal spines
slightly longer than snout. The membrane from last dorsal spine join-
ing extreme base of upper caudal ray; anal wholly distinct; pectorals
rather long, reaching vent, 1;!^ in head; ventrals 2^ in head. Numerous
large ])ores scattered over top and sides of head. Lateral line rather close
to buck, running along the np]>er fourth of height of body and endii:;^
abruptly at about | the length of body. Color liright scarlet, the head
marked below with 5 or 6 brown reticulations; a brown streak from snout
through eye ; fins irregularly marked bj' dark bars or spots ; a narrow row
of 5 large round black spots, each with .1 white band ueai its posterior
margin, occurring at regular instances along dorsal fin; a row of about 8
large dark spots on anal. Arctic seas, from Greenland to northern Hiberia,
south to Bristol Bay and Newfoundland. Our description (from Dr. Gil-
b«>rt) taken from a specimen, about 5 inches in length, from Karta Bay,
Alaska. It agrees very closely with the account by Ensign 11. (J. Dressl, of 2
examples from Godhavn, Disco Islan«l, Greenland. The Alaska species must
be the same as the other. Dresel finds the depth 7|t in length. Dr.Gilbertfnr-
ther observes : A single specimen, 86 mm. long, was dredged in Bristol Bay,
Alaska, t^tation 3239, <lepth 11^ fathoms. Several larger individuals were
seined in Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, July 12, 1889. The
position of the lateral line in this species is incorrectly given as " median "
by Jordan «.V Gilbert in the Synopsis, pp. 755 and 775. Cuvier and Valen-
cienntis, in their description, drawn from tl'e writings of Fabri«-ius, state

»I

^^^^

V.

W'

■" '

%■

H-:

W'-

l^k

u

iii'...'

1

f >'

! i i^l

i

i

1

1
f

1
*

i

t
f

i
1

1

ili

>

2440 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

'0:

.'1

that the Lateral line runs along the upper fifth of the height of the body
and terminates at aboiit tb j middle of the length. This correctly describes
its positittn in all our specimens, where it originates imuitMliiitely above
the opercle, exhibiting at first rather a strong upward convex curve, then
running nearly parallel to the back, separated from base of dorsal fin by ^
height of body. It is very distinct throughout its course, and terminates
at about the middle of the length. The narrow brown streak bounding
the lateral line above, in Nolofirammua rothroelci, is conspicuous in our
smallest Hjtecimeu (86 mm.). Hranchiostegal niembranos very narrowly
Joined anteriorly, forming a narrow free fold across tlie isthmus, from
whi«"h they are entirely distinct. Narrow bands of toeth in the jaws, and
distinctly present on vomer and palatines; the outer series in upper jaw
and the inner series in the lower jaw enlarged. D. XLVII or XLVIII;
A. I, 32 to 35. The membranes from last dorsal spine join extreme base
of upper caudal ray; anal wholly distinct. We have not the material for
a comparisoii of Pacific with Atlantic representatives of this species, and
the published descriptions of the latter lack detail, {jtunctatus, spotted.)

Blennius punelatus, Farricius, Fauna Gronlandica, 153, 1780, Gteenland; Rbinhabdt,

Naturhist. Selsk. Skrift., n, pt. 2, pi. 10, flg. 3.
Notogrammu* rothroeki, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis., iv, 1881, 146, Plover Bay and Cape

Lisburne, Siberi't ; yoinig. (Types, Nos. 27505, 27580, and 27573. Coll. Dr. Bean.)
Clinus punctatuH, Richahdson, Fannr, Bor.-Anier., ni, 88, 1836.
aunnellus punetatut, Cuvikr & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I'oiss., xi, 428, 1836.
SHehwus punctatvi, Kkoyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., i, 377,1837; Gaimard, Voy. enScand.ct

LaiM>n., Zool., Poiss., ,«1. 20, flg. 2; GrNTHEK, Oat., in, 283, 1861; Jordan &, Gii.dert,

Synopsis, 775, 1883; Dbesel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 249; Gilbert, Kept. U. S.

Fish Coium. 1893 (1896), 450.

1

^

^Wti tUSii

li'

II

l^^B^HI

^ i

H

H^B^^BE

if

'-^

■

HBIHI

it

It

I

IHH

^!

"S

■

^Hh

Id

ly

UlLlttk..

!;'

g2o. ULVARIA. Jordan & Evermunn.

Vivaria, Jordan & F.vermann, Chock-List Fislies N. and M. A., 475, 1896 {»uhb%fureatu$) .
This g«Miu8 is very close to Eumeaogrammiis, from which it diflVrs in the
absence of the lowermost or third lateral line, the median line bring bifur-
cate. (Ulva, the sea lettuce, in Avhich many Blennioid fishes live.)

2796. ULVARU SVBBIFUBVATA (Storer).

Head 4^^; depth nearly 5. U. XLIV; A. 30. Mouth rather large; max-
illary rea«-hing to below orbit; back somewhat arched; ventral outline
nearly straight ; eyes large; lateral lines 2 (the lowermost lateral line
wanting); median lateral line forked; u])per branch of median lateral
line about | length of the head. Brownish, with several round paler
blotches above at the base of the dorsal fin ; spaces between these blotches
darker, appearing like bars; a broad black bar crossing the o])ercle
obliquely from below the orbit, and 2 parallel dark bars running back-
wards from orbit; belly yellowish white; dortial fin with numerous black
dots. North Atlantic, south to Cape Cod; very rare. (8u&&i/urca/u0, some-
what forked.)

I'holu subbifurcatiu, Storer, Rep. Fish Mass., 63, 1839, Nahant, Mass. (Coll. Dr. Thos.

M. Brewer) ; Dk Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 150, 1842; Storer, Hist. Fisli. Mass., 258,

1887.
Eumesoyramni'H nubbifurcatuu, Jordan ii, Giluebt, Syuoitsis, 775, 1883.

1 t !

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Amcricu. 2441

\\ s'

921. EUMESOGRAMMUS,* Gill.
Enm^ogramnius, Gill, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. Fhila. 1864, 210 (prcecigxt*).

Body comparatively siiort, the back somewhat arched ; month rather
large, the jawH with villiform teeth; teeth on vomor aud palatines.
Scales small; lateral lines 3, without accessory branches; pectorals and
ventrals well developed. Dorsal moderately high, of spines only, free
or slightly connected with the rounded 'caudal; gill openings continued
forward below, the membraneL. narrovly Joined to the isthmus; pyloric
ciPca present. Northern seas, (eu, well; ue'dog, middh-; ypaii/irf, line;
the longest Jut<fral line being the middle one.)

27»V EDXESOORAXnUS i'R.ECISUS (Kriiyer).

Head 4 ; depth wcarly <>. D. XLIX ; A. 34 ; V. 3. Snout subcitnical ; «'left
of mouth slightly oblifiut; vomerine and palatine teeth present; 3 lateral
lines on each side, the mtdian one continued to the base of the caudal ;
ventral fin i as long as tin pectoral, which is much ehortcr than head;
dorsal fin terminating just tt root of caudal. An ovate, black, whit«!-
edged spot between the sixth and tenth dorsal sxiines. Coasts of Green-
land. (Giinther.) {prceciaut, exact.)

Olinut prceeisus, KaC rsR, Katurh. Tidsakr., i, 25, August, 183C,t Greenland.
Glinu* wiimaeulatut, Reinhahdt, Dansk. Vidensk. Snlsk., vu, 114, Feb., 1837, Greenland.
SHchcetu wwntieulatut, Keinuabdt, Dansk. Yidenak., 109, 18:)7; GUnthbb, Cut., 283,1861.
Eumesogrammut prceeisus, Jordan & Gilbert, SynopBia, 774, 1883.

* The 2 following apeciea from the Okhotsk Sea st^m to represent 2 new genera (Erno-
grammut and Ozorthe) closely related to EuinetograiMnnt:

Ebnoorammus enneagrammus (Kner).
Head 3|; depth 6}. D. XLI ; A. 33 or 34 ; P. 14 or 15. Eye 4 in head, as long as snout.
Mouth large, nearly liorizontal, the maxillary reaching middle of eye: lowcr.jawpro.jecting;

Sroflle of snout nearly horizontal ; fine pointed teeth in bands onjaws and across the vomer,
[ead naked; dorsal of high, slender spinea; en iidal sejmrate, rounded ; aniilhigh; pectoral
long, Ijtinhead; ventralaiaa long as pectorals; scales very small, sm(M>th: lateral lines
each with short oblique branches, each ending in a wide pore ; 1 Literal line along base of
dorsal from head to caudal, 1 along middle of side, 1 along base of anal to caudal, this fork-
ing at the vent and sending 2 parallel branches forward to the bi-eaat ; brownish, 2 rows of
small 'lark spots along middle lateral lino; dorsal and ''.nal with dark lutots an<l a broad
dark margin ; pectorals with 3 black cross bauds ; a d. rk bar at base of caudal ; 3 black
bars from eye. Okhotsk Sea. Known from a specimen, 1} inches long, from Uecastris
Bay. (Kner.) (evi'ca, nine; ypa^fi^, line.) frnof/rammix, new genus (epfot, branch), is
distinguished from Eumesogrammtu by the branching lateral line.

Sfiehcetis enneagratninu*, Kner, Sitzber. Akad. Wisa. Wien 1868, 16, taf. vi, f. 10 Decastris
Bay. (No. 1401c Mua. Wien.)

OzoBi;!!! iiEXAORAHMA (Schlegel).

Head 5i! depth 5|. D.XLIII; A. 24. Snout pointed; month little obliqno; the max-
illary i-eaching frontof eye; bands of fine teeth on vomor and palatines: a few large canine-
like teeth in front; eye 5 in head , dorsal spines all stitf, the middle ones longest; dorsal
Joined to caudal by membrane; lateral lines 3, the upper partly interrupted, sending at
right argles upward and downward lines which Join the middle line; tliird lateral line
along base of anal only. Scales small. Dorsal with large dark brown spots obli(|uely
placed; 3 brown stripes across cheek; anal colored like dorsal; caudal pectoral and ven-
trals each with 3 dark cross bands. Northern coast of Japan to Okhotsk Sea. This de-
acription (after Kner) from a apecimen from Decastris Jlay (No. 5575, Mus. Wien.). This
differs somewhat from the type of the species and may be different. (c(. six ; ypaiifij, line.)
The new genus Ozorthe (oyot, branch; 6p9i), right angle) is distinguiahcd by the form of
its laterallines as above described.
Stiehceut hexagrammuB, Schleoel, Fauna Japonica, Pisces, 136. pi. 3, f. 1., 1850. Bay of

Simabara, Japan. Head 4i; depth 6$. D.XL; A. 20. (}UNTHBK,Cat., in, 284, 1861;

Kner, Sitzber. Akad. Wiaa. Wien 1868, 45.

t These dates are thus given by Kriiyer, as quoted by Dr. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
1864,210. We have been unable' to verify them.

3030 76

^.'^■m

m

If

1 4 i

' m

T'

I

2442 ^«//' //« ^7, Uiiited States National Museum.

Family CCI. CRYPTACANTHODID^:.

(The Wrv-mouths.)

])o(ly very long and slender, compresBcd, naked or covered with small,
cycloid scales; lateral line obsolete or composed of open pores Avithoat
tubes; head oblong, cuboid, with vertical cheeks ; conspicuous mucit'eroas
channels in mandible and preoperclu; head flattish above, with deep
roun<led pits between and behind eyes; mouth large, very oblique; lower
jaw very heavy, its tip projecting; premaxillary not protractile ; jaws with
rather sharp, conical teeth; larger teeth on the vomer and sometimes on
palatines. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus, the gill openings pro-
longed forward below. Pyloric cieca 5. Psendobranchiie small. Dorsal
iiu long, composed entirely of spines, which are rather strong, but envel-
oped iu the skin; dorsal and anal joined to the caudal; no ventral fins;
pectorals short. Blennies of large size, of the Northern shores of America.
Three species known, forming 3 genera. (^Blenniido:, genus Cryptacan-
thodes, Gunther, Cat., ni, 291, 1861.)

a. BodyBcaly; lateral line present, corai>oaed of open poren ; isthmus narrow ; teeth on
palatines. Dblolepis, 922.

aa. Body naked ; lateral line obsolete.

e. Palatines with teeth ; isthmus narrow. Cryptacanthodbs, 923.

ee. Palatines toothless; isthmus rather broad. Lyconeci'eb, 924.

1
ifi(

'-',1
I., J

li

922. DELOLEPIS, Beau.
Delolepin, Bean, Proo. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 465 (virgatus).

Body anguilliform, moderately compressed posteriorly, covered with
small, imbricated, cycloid scales; vent nearly median; a small anul
papilla; lateral line continuous, straight, nearly median, composed of open
pores, without prominent tubes. Head oblong, subquadrangular, naked,
the mnciferous channels well developed, the vertex shallow concave ; snout
short, obtuse ; nostril tubular, close behind premaxillary ; eyes small, high,
separated by an interspace of moderate width, surrounded by a series of
shallow pits; mouth wide, oblique, terminal, the lower jaw projecting
beyond the upper; lips lioshy; premaxillaries slightly protractile, with
2 rows of small conical teeth; a few larger teeth at the symphysis; vomer
and palatines with a few rather large teeth; tongue smooth, adherent;
mandible with a few shallow pits, the scries continued on the posterior
border of preoperole; opercles unarmed. Gill membranes attached to a
narrow isthmus ; gill rakers very short ; pseudobranchiie present. Branch-
iostegals 6. Pectorals short, placed low, their bases vertical; ventrals
none; dorsal beginning above gill opening, composed entirely of spines;
anal with 2 spines and many split rays ; dorsal and anal continuous with
the caudal, which is rather long and pointed. Intestine short, with a few
pyloric cajca. (dffXoi, visible; Xenii, scale.)

8798. ^ELOPLEPIS YIBOATUS, Boan.

Head 6 ; depth 10. D. LXXVI ; A. II, 46 ; P. 13 ; cicca 6. Width of head
equal to greatest depth of body; interorbital area ecpial to snout, or i
length of mandible; maxillary reaching a little behind eye, its length 3 in

I I '

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Amcfica. 2443

distance from snout to front of dorsal ; eye 2 in snout, 11 in head. Begin,
ning at a short distance behind origin of dorsal, small, oblong, cycloid
scales, closely imbricated, cover a strip of the body along the lateral line;
the scaled area g' .xlually widens backward until, behind the vent, only a
very narrow strip along bases of dorsal and anal is naked. Dorsal begin-
ning over npper angle of gill opening; first spine ^ as long as the seventy-
first or longest; caudal 11 in length; pectoral 3 in head. Brownish
yellow; a brown stripe along lateral line, another along back, a third
along base of anal. Length 30 inches. Coast of southern Alaska to
Puget Sound; not rare about Seattle, (viryatus, striped.)

Delolepi» virgatun, Bean, Froc. IT. S. Kat. Mus. 1881, 466, Kingcombe Inlet, British
Columbia; Port Wrangel, Alaska (Coll. (Japt. II. E. Nichols. Typns, Nog. 20149
and 29150, U. S. Nat. Mas.) ; JoBUAN & Staiiks, Fishes Puget Sound, in Pro«. Cal.Ac.
Sci. 1895, 848.

923. CRYPTACANTHODES, Storer.

Oryptaeanthodes, Storeb, Kept. Fish. Mass., 28, 1839 (.maculatus) .

Body long and slender, compressed, naked, without lateral line; head
cuboid, with vertical cheeks and conspicuous muciferous cavities; eyes
small, placed high; mouth large, very obli«iue, the very heavy lower jaw
prominent in front ; jaws, vomer, and palatines with stoutish conical teeth,
in few series. Gill openings prolonged forward below, narrowly attached
to the isthmus. Dorsal fin of stoutish spines, hidden in the skin; dorsal
and anal joined to caudal; pectorals short; ventrals wanting. {HpvTCroi,
hidden; ccHavOajdrfi;, spined.)

8799. CKYPTA€AKTHODES MACULATUS, Storer.
(Wey-mooth; Ghost-pisu.)

Head6i; deptli 13. D.LXXIII; A. 50. Eyes small, pla(!ed liigh, not
so wide as the interorbital space, which has 2 ridge» and 3 pits; <»rbital
rim raised ; 2 det^p pits behind each eye at the temples ; a deep«^r pit on the
top of head betwecu them ; a raised ridge continued backward on each side
of head behind orbital rim; maxillary extending to beyond eye; ps«^udo-
branchiiB small; pectorals short, 3 in head, their tips reaching beyond
front of dorsal; vent a little in front of middle of body. Light brownish,
with several series of smallish dark spots, arranged in more or less r«>g-
ular rows, from head to base of caudal; vertical fins closely spotted with
darker; head above thickly speckled; body sonietinu^s ("inornatuti")
entirely immaculate. Length 24 inchoB. Labrador to I^ong Island Sound;
not very common; a few specimens have been taken at Woods Hole.
The ghost-fish form {inornatua) occasionally seen, is doubtless an albino.
{maculatus, spotted.)

Cryptaeanthodea maculatus, Storeb, Kept. Fish. Mass., 28, 1839, coast of Massachusetts;
Vb Kay, N. Y. Fauna : Fishes, 63, pi. 18, flg. 50, 1842 ; GOnther, Cat., in, 291, 1861 ; Job-
dan & GiLBEBT, Synopsis, 780, 1883.

Ophidium itnberbe, Peck, Anier. Acad., 2d part, 11, 1804, 46, pi. 4, New Hampshire; xV. 49;
P. 14; C.22; not of LiNN^,us.

Fiera^er borealu, DeKay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 316, 1842, New York; after Peck.

Onjptaeanthodei inomatvt, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. ScL Phlla. 1863, 332, Coast of Massachu-
setts; albino form.

^t-'i

^' S

K .t

'^'''m

, - • i^' (i

PT'

2444 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

m

%

"3 a

* /:''

K>:

i
pa

it

I
#■■■

i:
i

i

924. LYCONECTES, Gilbert.

L]/coneetei, Gilbert, Kept. XJ. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 452 {aleutentit).

Mouth Hubvcrtical ; lower jaw projecting; premaxillary protractile.
Teeth strong, conic, wide set, in more than 1 series. Mucous pits prom-
inent on head. Gill opening uarrow, ceasing opposite middle of base of
pectorals, the membranes widely joined to isthmus. Dorsal and anal
wholly joined to caudal, the latter extending well 1)eyoud them; dorsal
fin composed of spines only; no ventral fins. Body naked; no lateral
line. This genus differs from Cryptacanthodea principally in the absence
of palatine teeth, agreeing with it in general appearance and in most
details of structure. Alaska. (/Iti^os, wolf; vj^Kr^p, swimmer.)

8800. LYCOXECTES ALEUTEN8I8, Gilbert.

Head 7i; depth UJ. D. LXIX; A. 49; P. 13; caudal 18. Head square
in cross section, the upper and lower surfaces plain, the cheeks Aertical,
the depth and width equal. Mouth still more oblique tbau in Cryptacan-
thodea maculatMs, with much heavier mandible and less expanded maxil-
lary, the exposed portion of the latter lying vertically, and not extending
beyond vortical from middle of eye. Teeth all similar, few in number,
those in premaxillary arranged in 2 series, the inner of which are smaller
than the outer, from which they are separated by a wide interspace; tobth
in mandible in a single series laterally, becoming a sparsely filled patch
toward symphysis ; 4 or 5 similar conical teeth on head of vomer ; pala-
tines toothless. A long nostril tube overhangs the upper lip. Upper lip
separated by a fold from forehead, the upper jaw protractile. Eye
extremely small, sunken in the S(»cket, which it does not nearly fill, its
diameter slightly less than i iuterorbital width ; supraorbital rim not ele-
vated, and containing no conspicuous projections ; suborbital rim swollen,
with an enlarged mucous channel; a conspicuous series of mucous pits
along each mandible and the margin of preopercle; 2 series on top of
head diverging backward from above the eyes ; otherwise no pits or pro-
jections on head; a shallow triangular depression on occiput. Gill slit
much less oblique than margin of preopercle, its length 1^ times the dis-
taikce between lower ends of gill slits, the latter reaching the vertical
from middle of opercles. Dorsal fin of rather flexible spines, not con-
cealed in heavy fin membranes; origin of dorsal immediately behind axil
of pectorals. Hinder margin of occiput midway between front of dorsal
and middle of eye. Origin of anal well in advance of middle of length,
its distance from tip of snout contained If times in its distance from base
of caudal. Pectoral short, rounded, its base separated by a wide prepec-
toral area from gill slit, the width of area f length of fin, the latter equal-
ing distance from tip of snout to middle of eye. No ventrals. Hody
covered with lax naked skin, which also covers but does not obscure rays
of aual fin ; no pores to lateral line. Color in life, reddish on head, body,
and fins, due to the bloodvessels in the skin. Aleutian Islands. A single
specimen, 180 mm. long, known. (Gilbert.)

Lyconectei aleuUntit, Gilbert, Kept IT. S. Fish Gomin. 1893 (1896), 452, pi. 34, fig. 3, Alba-
tross Station 331a, north of Unalaska Island, in 45 fathoms. (CoU. Albatro$s.)

m

, ; u 51

! ,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2445

t

Family CCII. ANARHICHADIDJC.

(The Wolf-Fishes.)

Body oblong or elongate, covered with rudimentary scales; no lateral
line. Head scalelesa, without cirri, its bones very thick and strong, tlie
profile strongly decurved. Mouth very large, obliciuo, the jaws anteriorly
with very strong conical canines ; sides of lower jaw with very strong
molar teeth, which shut against a series of very coarse molars on the pala-
tines ; vomer solid, armed with strong molar teeth, the dentition adapted
for crushing sea-urchins and moUusks. Gill membranes broadly united to
the isthmus; no pyloric c»Bca. Dorsal fin high, composed entirely of tlex-
ible spines; no ventral fins; pectoral tins broad, placed low. Large car-
nivorous fishes of the northern seas. Two genera and about 6 species
known. {Blenniidw, pt., Giinther, Cat., iii, 208-211, 1861.)

Anarhichadin^ :

a. Body moderately elongate, the tail not tapering to a point; dorsal and anal separate

from the caudal. Anarhichas, 025.

Anarrhichthyin^. :

aa. Body eel-shaped, excessively elongate ; the dorsal and anal Joined with the caudal at

the end of the long and tapering tail. Anarrhichthys, U26.

925. ANARHICHAS (Artedi) Linnreus.
(Wolf-Fishes.)

Anarhichas (Autkdi) Linn^ls, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 247, 1758 (lupus).

Body moderately elongate, covered with rudimentary scales ; head scale-
less, without cirri, compressed, narrowed above, the profile strongly
decurved; mouth wide, oblicjue; premaxillary not protractile; jaws with
very strong conical canines anteriorly; lateral teeth of lower jaw either
molar or with pointed tubercles; npper jaw without lateral teeth; vomer
extremely thick and solid, with 2 series of coarse molar teeth ; palatines
with 1 or 2 similar series. Gill membranes broadly joined to the isthmus;
no lateral line. Dorsal fin rather high, composed entirely of flexible
spines, which are enveloped in the skin; anal fin lower; caudal fin
developed, free from dorsal and anal; no ventral fins; pectoral fins broad,
placed low; air-bladder present; no pyloric cseca. Northern seas. (Ana-
rhichas (oT Scanaor), the climber; an ancient name of Anarhichas lupuH;
from avappixcconai, to climb or scramble np; the allusion not evident,
the word spelled with a single r by Artedi and Linnaeus.)

a. Dorsal npines 60 to 70.

b. Vomerine teeth not extending farther backward than the palatine teeth.

e. Hack and sides vaguely mottled, without spots or bands ; vomerine teeth not
extending nearly as far backward as palatine teeth.

LATIFBON8. 2801.
ec. Itack and sides profusely covered with roundish black spots; vomerine
teeth extending nearly aa far backward as palatine teeth.

MINOR, 2802.
bb. Vomerine teeth extending much farther backward than the short band of pala-
tine teeth : sides of iKMly with 0 to 12 darker cross bars ; nape and rtlioulder
with dark spots. lupus, 2803.

\mx^ I

;i

t !

hi

i

f t .1
■ .1

It i -i

.\^lS.','r^j!7vi^:^ifi^\l

rr —

2440 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

■'if:

I

aa. Doraal 8)>inoH 80 to 85; bodywithont bands or spotn; vomeriiiA teetb ex.teuding
fartbor backward tban palatino band.

d. Head iiimlerate, 4} iii loiiijtb; caudal rays 20; iippor caninoa 4.

LEPTITBDS. 2804.

dd. Head very largo; caudal rays 17; upper cauiuos 0.

ORIENT ALIS, 2805.

2H01. AXARHICHA8 LATIFROXS, StcenRtrnp & Hallgriniown.

Head 5; depth 4, D. LXVII; A. 45. Body more robust thiin A. lupux,
tlie dorHfil tin lower. Head broad, tho profile not strongly deiairved ; teetli
inncli smaller than in A, lupus; vomerine teeth not extending nearly as
far ba<;k us the jtalatine Bevies. Pectorals !( length of head; dorsal lin
not very high, beginning above the gill opening, the longest spine less
than i head; caudal 2^ in head. P. own, obscurely spotted with darker ;
the sides without dark bars or black spots. (Collett.) North Atlantic on
both coasts, chiefly north of the Arctic Circle, south to Banquerean o^i our
coast. (Eu.) (latiis, broad; frons, forehead.)

Anarrhiehaa latifrona, Steenbtrup &. Haixgrimsson, Fiirb. Skand. Katurf. 3 die Miite
1842, 647; Bean, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas., n, 1879, 218; Collett, MeddelHk. Norges Fiske
1879, 4G ; Jordan &. Gn.BERT, Syuopais, 782, 1883 ; Gooue & Bean, Oceanic Icbthyology,
301, fig. 271, 1896.

Anarrhichas denliculatua, EIrOter, Overs. Yldensk. Selsk. Ejob. 1844, 140.

■it-

1 1 ■
ft-.'

a

m

I
I

S802. ANABHICHA8 MINOR, Olafaen.

Haad 5j^; depth 5^. D. LXXVIII; A. 46. Form of Anarhichas lupus
or a little mort; slender; tins similarly formed, the dorsal a little lower.
Vomerine ttteth extending nearly or quite as far back as the palatines.
Body pale olivaceous or yellowish; sides without vertical bars ; round,
black spots covering dorsal and caudal fins as well as back and sides down
to the level of the pectoral; head spotted; belly immaculate. North At-
lantic, on both coasts, chiefly north of the Arctic Circle, south to Eastport,
Maine; Gloucester; and Norway. (Eu.) (minor, smaller.)

Anarrhichas minor, Olafsbn, Reise i Island, 592, 1772, Iceland.

Anarrhichas pantheriiiMs, ZuiKW, Nov. Act. Petrop. 1781, 271; Bean, Proc. IT. S. Nat.

Mas., n, 1879, 217; Jordan &, Gilbert, Synopsis, 781, 1883; Goodb & Bean, Oceanic

Ichtliyology, 301, fig. 270, 1896.
Anarrhichat karrak, Bonnatkrre, Encycl. Icbth., 38, 1788, Iceland; aft«r Oijifsbn.
Anarrhiehaa maculatus, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 496, 1801, Iceland; after

OLAFSfCN.

Anarrhichas leopardus, AoAssiz in Spix, Pise. Brasil., tab. 51, 1820, "Atlantic Ocean."
2803. ANARHICHAS LUPUS, Lincfous.

(WOLF-FlSH.)

Head 6; depth .5^. D. LXII; A. 42. Maxillary reaching beyond orbit;
band of vomerine teeth extending much farther back than the short
palatine band. Pectorals large, rounded, J length of head. Dorsal
high, beginning over the gill opening, its longest rays about i length
of head. Brownish or bluish gray ; sides with numerous (9 to 12) very
dark transverse bars, which are continued on the dorsal fin ; besides these

s|

1

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2447

,. J,':

miinorona dark spntH and rotienlationH, tlie HpntH most diHtinct below front
of dornal; fins dark; caudal tipped with reddiHli. Length 3 to 4 feet.
North Atlantic, Houth to Cape Cod and France; rather oonnnon both in
America and Europe. A large voracious flsh, not valued as food. The
American form, vomeTvnu», aeems to be fully identical with the European.
(En.) (Lupua, a wolf.)

Anarhiehatluput, Linn^.U8, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 247, 1758, no dofinito locality ; «fter ARTKni ;

GUnthbr, Cat., ni, 208, 1861; Jordan &. Gilbert, Syuopais, 781, 1883; (Ioodk &^ Kean,

Oceanic Icbthyology, 209, 1806.
Anarhiehiu ttrigotus, Ghblin, Syst. Nat., I, 1144, 1788, British Sea.
Anarrhieha* votnerinu», AoASSlz in Storeb, Hiat. Fisli. MasH., 205, pi. 18, flj;. 1, 1807, Cusic

Rocks, between Boston and Cape Ann.

8804. ANABHICHAS LEPTUBVS, Bean.
(Alaska Wolf-Fish.)

Head4|; depth 5. D. LXXXI; A. 52; C. 20 or 21. Head moderate;
maxillary i as long as head; nostril nearer eye than month. Four
large canines in the upper jaw and 5 in the lower, all of them strongly
recurved ; behind the canines in each jaw are a few sharp, conical teeth,
also recurved ; palatine teeth in 2 series, 4 in the outer and 5 in the inner
series, those in the outer series the longer; vomerine teeth in 2 series, the
vormerine patch beginning in advance of the palatine, and extending
farther back than the latter; head and fins scaleless ; median line of body
and all of tail with small, widely separated scales. Dark brown, without
bands or spots; belly pale, clouded with very dark brown. (Bean.)
Coasts of Alaska, south to Vancouver Island; common abont the Aleu-
tian Islands, and perhaps identical with Anarhichas orientalia. (AcTTrd?,
slender; ovpa, tail.)

Anarrhiehfu lepturut. Bean, Proo. IT. S. Nat. Mns., ii, 1870, 212, St. Michaels, Alaska;. Job.

DAN & Gilbert, Synopsis, 782, 1883; Goode &. Bean, Ocean. lobth., 209, 1890.
t Anarrhiehat orientalis, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat., in, 77, 1811, ICamchatka.

8806. ANABHICHA8 OBIENTALIS, PaUas.

This species, if correctly described, would differ from Anarhichas lep-
furua in the very largo head, 2| times in total length of body; in the
absence of scales; in having the nostril midway between eye and mouth,
and in having 6 canines in the upper jaw. Color plain brown. D. LXXXIV ;
C. 17. Coast of Kamchatka. (Pallas.) As the first of these characters is
certainly erroneous, it is likely that the others are also, and that this
Hpccies is not distinct from Anarhichas lepturua. {orientalia, eastern.)

Anarrhiehat orientalia, Pallas, Zoogr. Kosso- Asiat., Ill, 77, 1811, Kamchatka.
f Anarrhiehas lepturue, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns., ii, 1870, 212, St. Michaels.

926. ANARRHICHTHYS, Ayres.
Anarrhichthyt, Atbbs, Proc. Cal. Ao. Nat Sci., i, 1855, 32 (oceUatut).

Body elongate, tapering backward into a very long and compressed
tail, around which the dorsal and anal are confluent with the caudal.
Scales rudimentary ; no lateral line. Dorsal high, composed entirely of

■3

I Mil

'f .

•|4H

■:--.«'»4y;?i-.ltL:-'^'<

.t-W-^. :.•,■■<.%.-

W\

$

2448 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

flexible apinos; pectoral fins broad, placed low; no ventral flna. Head
very lar>?o, conipresHed, the snout rather short; mouth large; jawT with
veryHtrong, conical cauines anteriorly; vomer and palatines each with
about 2 rows of coarse molars, the palatine band shutting against similar
te<ith on the sides of the lower ,j»w. Gill membranes broadly united to
the isthmus. No pyloric ca>.ca. Large, eel-shaped iishcs of the North
Pacific, remarkable for the trtMuendous dentition, the head essentially as in
.tvarhichas, the body strikingly different. (Jnarhichaa; Ix^vi, fish.)

8800. AXABRIilVllTHYS OCELLATUS, Ayres.
("Wolf-Eei-.)

Head 11; depth 15. D. CCL; A. 233; P. 19. Body elongate, formed as
in an eel; the head and jaws very strong. Pectorals broad, more than ^
head; longest dorsal spine | head. Color dark greenish, the body and
ditrsal fin every where covered with round, ocellated black spots of various
sizes, the light miirkings forming reticulations around the spots; head
paler, with the reticul.itions in much finer pattern; anal pale-edged.
Length 5 to 8 feet. Pacific coast, from Monterey north to Pnget Sound ;
generally common. One of our most remarkable fishes ; rarely used as food.
It feeds chiefly on sea-urchins and sand dollars. {occllatuSf with eye-like
spots.)

A narrhiehthys oeellatua, Atres, Froc. Cal. Ac. 'Nat. Sci., i, 1855, 31, San Francisco; Jordan
& Gii.iiERT, Syno])Hi8. 782, 1803; Jordan & Starks, Fishes Pugnt Sound, 848, 11895.

Anarrhichtliygfelis, GiRAUD, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1854, 150, San Francisco (Type, No.
511. Coll. W. O. Ayres), name oiily, no description ; Girard, U. S. Pac. R. R. Surv.,
X, Fish., 125, pi. 25a, Hgs. 1 to 3, 1858; GUnther, Cat., ni, 211, 1861.

It

li
til-

I Ft-
m

'< ^

I

i

i

i

Family CCIII. CERDALID^.

Body elongate, compressed, covered with small scales; no lateral line;
head small; gill openings reduced to small slit-like openings more or
less horizontal in position ; dorsal fin very long and low, anteriorly of slen-
der spines, which pass gradually into the soft rays; no free spines; no
cirri ; tail not isocercal ; pseudobranchiie well developed. Three species
known, from the Avest coast of tropical America in rock pools near th<i
shore. The presence of some spines in the dorsal separates them from the
Scytalinida;, while the small gill openings distinguish them from the
Bhmniidw, to which they are more nearly allied.

a. Ventral fins eacli with 2 raj'S; dorsal rays 41; body moderately elongate ; greatest
deptli lOJ in length; distance from insertion of dorsal to occipnt equal to length
of lioad. Cerdale, 927.

aa. Ventral fins each with 1 ray; dorsal rays 48 to 55; body very elongate, eel-lil<e, its
depth 15 to 18 in length. MlcRODrSMUS, 928.

927. CERDALE, Jordan & Gilbert.
Cerdale, Jordan & Gilbert, Ball. IT. S. Fish Comm. 1881, 333 (ionthat).

This g«^nus differs from Microdeamus in the presence of 2 rays in the ven-
tral fin. Its body is much less elongate ihan in Microdesmua. The gill
openings are reduced to small, nearly liorizontal slits below and in front
of the pectoral tins. (xep8a\f}, the wary one, the fox-like.)

m

•i

p

i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2449

2807. CERDALE lOXTHAS, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 71 iu length; depth lOf. D. 41; A. 36 to 38; C. 4-17-4; P. 12; V.
2. liody roQsidorably elongnte, compressed, of nearly equal depth
throughout, the head tnpering rapidly from oceiput to nnout; nnout short,
not obtuse, but the lowe • jaw heavy and blunt, much projecting beyond
the premaxillaries; gape very short and oblique, the tip of the premaxil-
lary not reaching ventral from orbit. Margin of upper jaw formed en-
tirely by the premaxillaries, which are free laterally, but scarcely mov-
able mesially. Maxillary not distinguishable, probably enveloped in the
integument of the snout. Teeth rather strong, short, blunt, in a double
series in each jaw, apparently wanting on the vomer and palatines. Lips
developed laterally, where they form u fold around the angle of the month ;
lower lip adnate mesially, the upper reduced to an obsolete fold. Length
of gape \ length of head. Nostrils 2, distant, the anterior at the end of
the snout, almost labial, the posterior above front of orbit, both circular.
Eye very small, somewhat less than interorbitnl width or than length of
snout. Distance from snout to past margin of orbit contained 2f times in
length of head. Pseudobranchiu; well developed. Gill openings very nar-
row, reduced to a short, nearly horizontal slit, extending forward from a
point just below the lower base of the pectoral tin. Branchiostegals evi-
dent, apparently 4. in number. Vertical fins well developed; dorsal and
anal both long, the membrane of the last ray of each joining the base of
the rudimentary rays of the caudal. Distance from occiput to the origin
of doisal fin equal to the length of the head ; rays of dorsal fin very slen-
der, distinct, the membrane thin and transparent, the rays all, or nearly all,
articulate, the anterior simple, the posterior bifid at tip. Vent slightly in
advance of middle of length of body, the anal fin beginning immediately
behind it; anal rays bifid at tip, excepting the first 2, which appear sim-
ple; tail not isocercal, truncate at base of caudal, most of the rays of the
caudal springing from the expanding last vertebra ; caudal fin rounded,
7^ length of head, its rays much branched, more closely set than the rays
of the dorsal and anal ; rudimentary rays very numerons ; ventral fins
small, close together, inserted slightly in advance of the lower end of the
pectoral, each fin composed of 2 rays, tue inner prolonged beyond the
outer, and bifid at tip, about as long as pectoral fin and f length of head;
pectorals well developed, broad, the rays branched at tip. Head and body
entirely covered with small scales, which are close set but hardly imbri-
cate, not arranged in series; mandible, snout, and gill membrane scaly;
scales on belly and breast smaller than the others and more thickly set;
base of caudal and pectoral fins scaled. Coloration in life, body translu-
cent light olive, immaculate below; back and sides very finely marked
with clusters of fine dots, the ground color appearing as reticulations be-
tween the clusters, which are of irregular size and form; on the sides of
the head these dots form bars, which radiate from the eye to the snout and
lower side of the head. This species is known from 3 specimens, 2^ to 3
inches in length, taken in a rock pool at Panama. (iovOd?, freckled.)

;

i

\

i !•
i

i

ri

Oerdale iotithcu, Jordan &. Gilbebt,Bu11. U. S. Fish Comm. 1881, 332, Panama. (ColL Chas.
H. Gilbert.)

» I

1 i ^

2450 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

'1 ;K.:

ii

If.

938. MICRODESMUS, Giinther.

Microdamua, GUnte'^r, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 26 (dipui).

Body auguillifortn, covered with rudiin<)ntary scales; head small, with
short, ohtuse snout and small moiitn; lower jaw projecting^; teeth minute,
iD jaws «mly; eyes very small; gill opening reduced to a very narrow,
somewhat oblique slit, in front of lower part of pectorals; vertical fins
well dcv<^loped, the dorsal and a'a.al joined to the caudal by a thin mem-
brane; rays of dorsal mostly articulate, all but a few of the last simple;
ventral fins very small, reduced to a single ray; pectorals moderate; vent
normal, in middle of body. Pacific coast of tropical America, {/nixpoi,
small; Sedtioi, a band.)

a. Dorsal rays 55, the fin beginning lesB than a head's length behind occiput.

DIPUS, 2808.
aa. Dorsal rays 48, the fin beginning more than u, head's length behind the occiput.

UBTROFINNIS, 2809.

2808. MICBODESMUS DIPUS, Gunther.

Head about 11 in total length ; depth about 18. D. 55 ; A. 34 ; C. 16 ; P. 12 ;
V. 1. Hea<l rather compressed, snout short, month very narrow, lower
jaw very prominent. Eye minute, lateral, and in anterior «hird of heai'.
Dorsal fin commencing at a distance from occiput which is somewhat lesH
than length of head, nearly even, the rays very distinct, the interradial
membrane being thin and transparent; anal fin commencing immediately
behind vent. Caudal rays much more slender and more closely set than
those of dorsal and anal ; caudal fin rounded^ ^ length of head ; pectorals as
long as vontrals, and ^ as long as head ; ventrals clone together, and inserted
a little behind root of pectoral. Upper parts uniformly brownish olive.
Panama. Known from u single specimen, 44 iuchcB long. (Giinther.) {Sii,
two; itov?, foot.)

Mierodetmui dipus, GOnthsr, Fn«c. Zool. Soc. London, January 26, 1864, 4, pi. 3, fig. 2,
Central Ar- erica (Coll. Gapt. Dow) ; Jordan, Cat,, 126, 1886.

2809. M1CB0DESMU8 BETB0PINM8, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 14^ in length; greatest depth 15J. D. 48; A. 29; C. 3-17-3; P. 13;
V. 1. Body very elongate, compressed, tapering somewhat flrom front of
dorsal to caudal peduncle. Head very small, rapidly tapering forward
from occiput ; upper profile with a noticable depression behind the orbits,
the outline thence to snout strongly convex. Mouth very small, some-
what oblique, the ileshy tip at symphysis of lotver jaw projecting much
beyond the premaxillaries; gape scarcely reaching rertical from orbit.
Teeth small, apparently in a single series in each jaw only. Nostrils
double, distant, the anterior near the end of snout, the posterior above
anterior margin of orbit. Gill openings a very nai-row, somewhat oblique
slit, firom front of lower third of pectoral fin downward and forward.
Branchiostegals evident, 4 or 5 in number. Eye very small, lateral,
situated near the upper profile of the head, its diameter nearly i the
leuipth of the short snout. Vertical fins well developed j dorsal and anal

, [^^iaJ. «'.t'.ck--.L'iJ*i-.^v<

",':5«T,'*»;*» -.iZT^s-":'.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2461

oonuected with the caudal iiy a very delicate membrane. Distance from
origin of dorsal fin to occiput 3 times the length of the head, its rays dis-
tinct, connected by thin transparent membrane, as are the rays of the
anal; most of the rays simple and undivided (but mostly articulate), a
few of the posterior ouly forked at tip ; origin of ana! fin nearly equidis-
tant between gill rakers and tip of caudal, its rays mostly forked at tip ;
caudal rays much divided and more closely set than thos«^ of dorsal and
anal, the fin somewhat pointed in outline, as long as the head ; tail not
isocercal, truncate at base of caudal fin ; ventral fins very small, close
together, inserted slightly behind base of pectorals; each fin reduced to
a single undivided filament; pectoral fin small, pointed, the middle rays
longest, much shorter than the v^tntrals, and \ the length of the head.
Vent considerably behind middle of total length of the fish (with cau-
dal). Head and body covered with scattered rudinientary scales. Color in
life, translucent light olive, with a series of irregular quadrate dark
blotches along the back and a series along each side, these blotches formed
of clusters of dark points. One specimen, nearly 4 inches in length, was
taken in a rock pool at Panama; others since taken by Dr. Gilbert. This
species differs from the de^.^ipticn of the previously known Mtcrodesmus
dipus, Giinther, in the posterior insertion of the dorsal and the posterior
position of the vent, the smallitr number of fin rays, the shorter head,
longer ventrals, and mottled coloration, {retro, backward; pinna, fin.)

Miciodetmtu retropinnis, JORDAN & GU.BBRT, Bull. U. S. Fish Coinin. 1881, 331, Panama.
(Coil. C. H. Gilbert.)

Family CCIV. PTTLICHTHYID^.
(The Quill-Fisiies.)

Body extremely elongate, scrpentiform, little compressed, the tail taper-
ing to a point. Skin with a few thiu, loose, scattered scales; no lateral
line. Head unarmed, rather small ; upp jr jaw not protract He ; snout short ;
month oblique; lower jaw projecting considerably beyond the upper,
with a protruding f?.!shy appendage at tip. Maxillary reaching front of
eye. Mandible little .novable. Both jaws with fine, close-set, sharp teeth,
in 1 row, the posterior teeth a little the largest; no evident teeth on
vomer or palatines. Gill openings restricted to below the most convex
paiii of the oporcle, the membranes broadly united below, free from the
isthnms. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Pseudobranchia; very small,
almost obsolete. Gill rakers short and stout. Pectorals short ; ventrals
wanting; dorsal beginning close behind the nape, the anterior portion
for about i the length of the body composed of very low, stiff, free spines,
hooked backward, the posterior portion higher, of slender soft rays con-
nected by thin membrane. No caudal fin, the tip of th(^ tail free. Anal
similar t,o the soft dorsal, without spines. Vent at considerable distance
froui the head. North Pa<^ifio. A single species known.

Concerning the relationships of this interesting group, Dr. Gilbert
observes :

"The genus Ptiliohthys, of whicli this species [P. floodei] is the solo repre-
sentative, has been doubtfully referred by Dr. Beau to the MastacembeUdw, a

i j

i i

1 .

'ii

m

' !i

ill

J;)!

■fM

|t;t

2452 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

family of fresh- water fishes inhabiting the East Indies, characterized by
having the shoulder girdle posteriorly placed and not articulating with the
cranium (Order Opisthomi, Gill). The necessity for preserving intact the
unique type of the species prevented Dr. Bean from making any anatom-
ical examination of PHUchthys, and it was reserved for Dr. ITieodore Gill,
in the Standard Natural History, iii, 259, 1885, to express his disbelief in
the relationships which have been suggested, and to make the fish the
type of a peculiar family, the Ptilichthyidte, to be placed provisionally
among the Blennioid series. His adherence to this view is again expressed
in his list of 'Families and Subfamilies of Fishes,' appearing as the Sixth
Memoir of Volume VI, of the National Academy of Sciences. He has
doubtless indicated the proper position of this peculiar fish as nearly as
we are now able to determine it. An examination of its shoulder girdle
shows it to be entirely normal. The post-temporal is not fmcate, but is a
very slender bony rod attaching to the epiotic region of the skull, and
giving loose attachment posteriorly to thd almost equally slender postero-
temporal. The latter overlaps the upper end of the clavicle in the usual
manner. A postclavicle was not detected. The coracoid portion consists
of a roundish, oblong, perforated hypercoracoid meeting the hypocoracoid
directly, without intervening cartilage. The curved line separating the
two bones corresponds distally with the interspace betweeu the first (upper)
and second actinosts. The hypocoracoid is broad and short; its mesially
directed (i. e., inferior) process joins at its tip the clavicle, but is elsewhere
separated from the latter by the usual elongate membranaceous interspace.
IThe actinosts are 4 in number, of large size, honrgl .ass-shaped. The jaws
are normal, the premaxillary alone occupying the front and sides of upper
jaw and bearing the teeth, while the maxillary is a broad bone lying
behind it, overlapped proximally by the maxillary process of the palatines.
Both vomer and palatines seem to be toothless. The alimentary canal is
almost perfectly straight, with the anterior portion entirely enveloped in
the long, narrow liver. At the pylorus occurs a short and abrupt U-shaped
flexure, scarcely noticeable on account of the closeness with which the
sides are joined, and the fact that the width of the flexure is no greater
than the cross diameter of the tube. Pyloric caeca are not evident. Air
bladder is entirely wanting. The ovbry is single, apparently without via-
duct, and contains in our specimen eggs which are comparatively very
large." (Gilbert.) (PtUiohthyido!, Qill, Standard "Sat. Hist., lii, 259, 1885.)

gag. PTILICHTHYS, Bean.

PtUu!hthy$, Bean, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mas., iv, 1881, 167 (goodei).
Characters of the genus included above. (rtriXov, quill; ^;fflt»5, fish.)

Mi

8810. PTILICHTHT8 QOODEI, Bean.

D. XC, 145; A. about 185; P. 12. Eye rather large, as long as snont, 5
in head; cheeks and opercles long; pectoral flu ^ as long as head; soft
dorsal and anal deeper than body posteriorly, anal a little lower than
dorsal. Vent near end of anterior third of body ; distance from vent to

Lsii

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America. 2453

bei^iuning of aoft dorsal 3^ times length of head ; length oi head twice its
greatest depth, 5^ in distance to vent; ilppendage of mandible \ as long
as eye; free tip of caudal \ eye. Orange or yellowisli, body with a
blackish longitudinal stripe; anal darker in color than dorsal. Length
about 12 inches. Aleutian Islands ; rare ; in water of moderate depth. Here
described from the original type from Unalaaka; 2 other specimens
known, the one studied by Dr. Gilbert taken in the entrance to the har-
bor of Unalaska. (Named for Dr. George Brown Goode.)

Ptiliehthys goodei, Bean, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mas., iv, 1881, 157, Port Levachef, Unalaska
(Col. Sylvanus Bailey. Type, No. 26619, U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; Jobuan & Gilbebt, Synop-
sis, 369, 1883; GU.BEBT, Sept. U. ^s Fisli Conim. 1893 (1896), 453.

■4

n

■u

Group OPHIDIOIDBA.
(The Eel-Pouts.)

This group, as a whole, agrees with the Blennioidea in all respects,
except that no spines are developed in any of the IJns, save sometimes
in the posterior part of the dorsal. From the Anacanthini, with which the
Ophidioidea agree in the jugular ventrals and in the absence of spines,
they are separated by the form of the hypercoracoid, which is perforate, as
in ordinary fishes. The group is a very large and varied one, widely dis-
tributed in all seas.

a. Pseudobranchiic well developed, very rarely small or obsolete.

b. Ventral flns jugular, inserted niucli 'oehiud the eye, often wanting, never
illamentous.
e. Gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus ; ventrals wanting;
no scales. ScYTAUNm.£, ccv.

ce. Gill membranes united to the isthmus, the gill openings lateral.

ZUABCID.£, ccvi.
bb. Ventral flns developed as slender fllaments attached at the throat not far
behind eye.
e. Gill membranes broadly attached U, the iathmas ; no scales.

DEBKPODICHTHYIDiK, CCVU.

ee. Gill membranes nearly separate, tree from the isthmus ; body scaly.

QpHiDim^, ccvni.
CM. I'soudobranohio) absent (or rudimentary in some Ifrotulidce).
/. Ventral fins wanting ; no scales.

g. Vent normal, well behind pectorals. LvcoDAPODiDiC, ccix.

gg. Vent at the throat. Fiebabfkbid.£, ccx.

/. Ventral Hns well developed ; vent posterior, normal.

h. Dorsal fin single, low; ventral tins short. BROTCLm^, ccxi.

hh. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior, at thn nape, of a single long ray; ventral

flns elongate. BBKOMACEBorm^, ccxii.

Family CCV. SCYTALINID^.

Body elongate, compressed, eel-shaped, naked. Head depressed, with
tumid cheeks, like the head of a snake. Mouth moderate, horizontal, the
lower jaw the longer; teeth in a single series ic the jaws, vomer, and
palatines; no barbels. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchia>
present. Gill membranes broadly connected, free from the isthmus. Dor-

if?

«

■ft

u

2454 Bulletm ^7, United States National Museum,

m

t

■i

sal fin long and low, beginning near middle of body, of slender rays
embedded in ihe skin ; anal similar to dorsal, both connected to the cau-
dal fin; tail diphycercal; pectoral fins small, ventral fiua wanting. Vent
remote from the head, without papilla. Air bladder none; cseca none.
Vertebroi numerous, small. The skeleton does not difl^er essentially from
that of Lycodojisia pacificua, with which it has been compared. The skull
is not at all depressed, the wide depressed form of the head of the fish is
due to the fieshy cheeks. The frontal takes up the greater part of the
top of the skull, the parietals are separated by the supraoccipital, whieh
extends forward to the frontals. Opercles all present. Lower jaw large
and strong. Post-temporal scarcely so firmly attached as in Lycodes; the
clavicle long and slender. A» here understood, this family consists of a
single species, a shore fish of the Northern Pacific, living in the gravel
between tide marks, and diving with great activity into the wet gravel
when disturbed. Its relations are apparently with the Zoarcidw. It is
not certain that Scytalina has any special afiinity with the Congrogadidw,
in which group it was at first placed by Jordan & Gilbert.

930. SCYTALINA, Jordan & Gilbert.

Scytalina, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mna. 1880, 266 (eerdale).
Seytalisctis, Jordan & Gilbrrt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 111 (eerdale) ; substitute for
Scytalina on account of the earlier Scytalinus, Erichson, a genus of Goleoptera.

Body very long and slender, covered with small scales. Head depressed,
shaped like the head of a snake, with tumid cheeks and a distinct neck.
Eyes small, superior. Mouth rather large, the lower jaw slightly project-
ing. Teeth conic, in single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Each
jaw with 2 canines in front. No lateral line; pseudobrauchite small.
Gill rakers almost obsolete. Dorsal fin very low, its first ray near the
middle of the body. Anal fin similar to dorsal, nearly as long. Tail
diphycercal, the caudal well developed. (Diminutive of Scytale, from
6HVTd\rf, a viper.)

2811. SCYTALINA CEBDALE, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 8; depth 14. D. 41; A. 36. Head broader than body; body much
deeper behind vent than anteriorly; snout depressed, rounded at tip;
(heeks very long; opercle short; interorbital space rather broad, concave
posteriorly ; eyes very small, anterior and superior, 10 to 12 in head, 2 in
snout, 3 to 4 in interorbital width ; upper lip separated by a crease from
the skin of the forehead; lower jaw scarcely projecting; edge of lower
lip with pores, and small dermal flaps and fringtis ; maxillary extending
somewhat beyond eye ; anterior nostrils with small flaps. Lower jaw with
a series of close-set, even, conical teeth, besides 2 divergent canines in
front; upper jaw with similar teeth in several aeries in front, the canines
smaller and closer together. Pectorals inserted high, little longer than
eye; insertion of dorsal slightly in front of anal, a little in front of mid-
dle of body ; rays of vertical fins low' and weak, those of caudal most
developed; dorsal and anal joined to caudal; vent close in front of anal,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North AmeHca. 2455

^|4,

!■

which is similar to dorsal. Flesh colored, with much mottliiiK of purplish
in iino pattern; belly nearly plain; cauilul reddiHli-cdged. Length 6
inches. Straits of .Juan do Fnca; burrowing among rocks near tide
murk. The 2 original types came from the shore of Waadda Island, near
Cape Flattery, where the species lives in wet shingle and shows extraor-
dinary activity in hiding among rocks when disturbed. In the same
locality 25 additional specimens have been dug out of the gravel by Mr.
E. C. Starks in 1895. The species is still unknown from any other locality.
{HBfjdaAt}, the wary one, the fox.)

Scytalina cerdale, Jobdan &. Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mub., ni, 1880, 266, Waadda Island
(Type No. 27400. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 791,1883;
Jordan & Stabks, Fishes of Puget Sound, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 849, pi. 104.

Family CCVI. ZOARCID^.
(The Eel-Pout8.)

Body elongate, more or Jess eel-shaped, naked or covered with very
small, embedded, cycloid scales; head large; mouth large, with conical
teeth in jaws, and sometimes on vomer aiul palatines; bones of head
unarmed. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus, the gill open-
ing reduced to a vertical slit; pseadobranchia3 present; gills 4, a slit
behind the fourth. Dorsal and anal fins very long, of soft rays only, or
the dorsal with a few spines in its posterior portion ; vertical fins some-
times confluent around the tail; pectorals small; ventrals jugular, very
sm.ill or wanting, if present, inserted behind the eye. Lateral line obsolete
or little developed, sometimes bent downward behind pectorals, sometimes
sending a branch on median line backward. Gill rakers small; pyloric
ca>ca rudimentary ; vent not near head. Pseudobranchiie present. Genera
about 15; species 50. Bottom fishes, chiefly of the Arctic and Antarctic
seas ; some of them, at least, are viviparous, and some descend to consid-
erable depths. Dr. Gill thus enumerates the skeletal characters of the
Zoarcidai:

Orbito-rostral portion of the cranium contracted and shorter than the
posterior, the cranial cavity open in front, but bounded laterally by the
expansion of the annectant parasphenoid and frontals, with the supra-
occipital declivous and tectiform behind, the occipitals above inclined
forward along the sides of the supraoccipital, and the exoccipital condyles
distant, with the hypercoracoid foraminate about its center and the hypo-
Goracoid with an inferior process convergent to the proscapula. These
characters are formulated from the skeleton of Zoarccs anfiuillaris, (Gill,
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 179.) Zoarchidce/ Swainson, Nat. Hist.
Class. Fishes, il, 82, 184, and 283, 1839. Lycodidw, GCntheu, Cat., iv, 319-
326, 1862; genus Zoarcea, GOnther, Cat., iii, 295. 1861.

ZoAHCIN«:

I. Dorsal fin low behind, some of its posterior rays abort and spine-like; ventrals

small; scales present; teeth strong, conic, in jaws only; lateral line present,
along middle of side. Zoarces, 931.

II. Dorsal fin continuons, of soft rays only.

t!

If

i

m

i^.

m

* The name Zoarchidce or Zoareidcx is prior to that of Lycodidte,

IS

i

^ Hf'

fVM

mi.]

:'»

i.j

1

ill VI

1

Hi'

k

H'''.>:!, .

^

Ek')

^;

il^'

1

f} '

2456 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

LVCODINiK:

a. Ventral flns present.

h. Vomer without teeth ; bodj' Hcaly.

e. Palatine's without teeth.

A. Body very slender, the depth 12 to 16 times in length; lateral line

short and faint, ventral in position. Embbyx, 932.

Ad. Body rather robust, the depth 8 to !) in length ; lateral line rather

faint, lateral in position. Lycodopsis, 033.

ce. Palatines with teeth; lateral line distinct, running along middle of side.

Aprodon, 034.
M. Vomer and palatines with teeth.

e. Lower jaw without barbels.

/. Dorsal fin without sculptured scutes at base.

g. Bo<ly rather deep, the depth 6 to 8 times in the length.

A. Body more or less scaly. Ltcodbs, 93.5.

hh. Body entirely naked, or with a few scales on tail only;
none on body or flns. Ltcodalbpis, 936.

gg. Body more slender, the depth 12 t« 30 in the length; lateral
line lateral in position.
X. Pectoral fin with rounded outlines, the lower rays not
greatly produced. Lycknchelvs, 937.

u. Pectoral fin deeply notched, the lower rays much pro-
duced ; lateral line ventral in position.

FUHCIMANIS, 938.

ff. Dorsal fin with the rays each provided with a sculptured scute or
appendage at base; no lateral line; body elongate.

Lycodonus, 939.
ee. Lower jaw with many barbels; bo<ly slender, scaly. Lyconema, 940.

aa. Ventral flns entirely wanting.

GyHNBLIN.£:

j. Teeth moderate, nearly uniform, on jaws, vomer, and palatines.

k. Body scaly ; vomer and palatines with teeth ; body compressed, not very
slender; skull cavernous. Bothrocaba, 941.

kk. Body scaleless. .

I. Lower jaw not very prominent; body very slender; gill openings

very narrow. Gymnelis, 942.

{{. Lower jaw very prominent ; body slender, tapering behind ; scales

undescribed. Lycocaba, 043.

MEIANOBTIOMATINiK :

jj. Teeth long, unequal, on jaws, vomer, and palatines ; skin lax; gill openings
reduced to a small foramen; iMNly very slender; scales obsolete.

Melanosiiqua, 044.

931. ZOARCES, Gill.
(Eel-Pouts.)

Enehelyoptu, Klein, Ichthyologia Missus, IV, 52, 1747 ; not as restricted by Bloch &

Schneider.
Zoareei, CuviRR, B^gne Animal, Ed. 2, ii, 240, 1820 (vivipai-ut).
Zoarehru, SwAiNSON, Nat. Hist. Class'n Fishes, il, 283, 1839 (viviparus).
Unehdyopu*, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 258 {viviparus); not of Block &

Schneider.
MaerozoareeM, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 258 (anguillaris).

Body elongate, compressed, tapering posteriorly ; head oblong, heavy,
narrowed above, the profile decurved ; mouth large ; teeth strong, conic,
bluntish, iu 2 series in the front of each jaw and 1 series on the sides;

,f '^:

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2457

teeth iu outer series larger; no teeth on vomer or palatines; dorsal fin
very long, low, some of its posterior rays much lower than the others,
developed as sharp spines; pectoral fins broad; ventrals jugular, of 3 or 4
soft rays; scales small, not imbricated, embedded in the skin ; lateral line
slender, lateral in position ; size large ; species viviparous. The Ameri-
can and Asiatic species (subgenus Macrozoarcea) differ from the European
type of Zoarcea, Cuvier, in the increased number of fin rays and vertebrio.
In Zoarees t'iviparua (Linnaous), the European (Mdpout, tlie dorsal rays
are about 100, the anal about 85, and the number of vertebra; is propor-
tionally diminished. {ZooapHirfi, viviparous.)

-'' i

Subgenus MACROZOARCES, Gill.

2813. Z0ABCE8 ANGVILLABIS* (Peck).

(Bkl-Pout ; Mutton-Fish ; Mother ok Eels.)

Head 6; depth 7. D. 95, XVIII, 17; A. 105. Mouth moderate, lower jaw
included ; maxillary reaching beyond orbit ; pectoral long, about f length
of head; veutrals i head; highest ray of dorsal about equal to snout, the
posterior spines about ^ length of eye ; first ray of dorsal above preopercle.
Reddish brown, mottled with olive, the scales paler than the skin about
them; dorsal fin marked with darker; a dark streak from eye across
cheek and opercles. Length 20 inches. Delaware to Labrador; rather
common north of Cape Cod. Two forms occur, distinguished by the size
of the jaws. These have been regarded as distinct species, but the large-
mouthed form {ciliatua; labroaua) is doubtless the male, as a similar varia-
tion occurs in Lyoodopaia pacijicua, and exists in some degree in species of
Lycodea. {anguillaria, eel-like.)

? Eiuiheliopvs, Gronow, Zoophyl., 77, No. 266, 1763, America (unieolor) ; dorsal and anal

united with the caudal.
? BUnnius americanm, Bloch & ScHNBmBB, Syst. Icbtb., 171, 1801, America; after

Gronow.
Blennitu angiiillarit. Peck, Mom. Amer. Ac. Sci., n, 1804, 46, New Hampshire.
Sletmiui fimbriatut, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 374, pi. 1, ng. 6, New

York.
niennius eiliatug, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 374, pi. 1, fig. 7, New York.
Zoarcea labrosut, CnviEB, R^gne Anini., Ed. ii, vol. 2, 240, 1820, America; Guvier &.

Yalbncienres, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 466, 1836.
Zoarees jronotni, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 469, 1836; after Gronow.
f Enehelyopus amerieanua, Gronow, Cat. Fishes, Ed. Gray, lOi, 1854, American Ocean.
Zoarcea Jimbriatua, CuviBR & Yalbncibknes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xi, 468, 1836.
Blenniua labrotua, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soo. N. Y. 1815, 375.
Zoarees anguiUaris, Storer, Fishes Mass., 66, 1830 ; Storer, Synopsis Fishes N. A.,375,

1845; GUnther, Cat.. Ill, 296, 1861; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 784, 1883.

* Allied to Zoarees anguillaru is the following species from the Ochotsk Sea :

Z0ARCE8 ELONOATIIS, Ener.

Head 6}; depth lU. D. 80, XII, 22. A. 90 or more. Lateral line extending somewhat
beyond pectorals. Cfolor brownish, no brown streak behind eye; dorsal with 12 to 14 large
dark spots which extend on the back as faint bands, between which are Hnialler ones.
Known firom 1 specimen, 10| inches long, from Decastris Bay, near the mouth of the Amur.
(Kner). leloHgatus, elongate.)

Zoareea elotigattu, Kner, Sitzber. k. k. Akad. 'Wien 1868, 62, taf. 7, f. 2, Ochotsk Sea.
(No. 1502, W5en Mus.)

3030 -77

l:i

f

rm

■•Ii

? >

■ 'n

-ill

2458 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

M

I

, ?

m

932. EMBRYX, Jordan & Evornianu.

Emhryx, Jordan St. Evbrmann, new genus {erotalinui).

This genus differs from Lycodopsia iu the very slender body, the depth
being 12 to 16 times in the length, and especially in the ventral position of
the lateral line which is faint and incomplete, only the anterior descend-
ing portion developed. Deep seas. (iV, in; fipv^, abyss.)

a. Ventrals nearly as long as eye ; head 6} iu length ; no scales on head.

CRASSILABRIS, 28i:<.

aa. Yen trals Hhorter than ]iiipil; head 5^ in length ; head with some sculeH.'

CBOTA1.INU8, 2814.

2818. KMBKYX VBA88ILABBI8 (Oill)ert).

Head 6|; depth 16; maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, 3
in heud; exposed portion of eye 6; snout 4; width of snout 3. Body
exceedingly slender. Occiput flat, forming a right angle with the descend-
ing cheeks, the snout short and wide, the upper lip conspicuously thi(;k-
ened ;ind fleshy on tlie sides. Upper jaw with a single series of rather
large, distant teeth ; mandible with a broad patch of cardiform teeth ante-
riorly, whicsh becomes abruptly constricted on middle of lateral portion »>f
jaw, the inner series alone continued backward toward angle. Palutt;
smooth. Head not conspicuously excavated with mucous canals; series
of pores present on mandible and sides of head. Gill openings continued
forward to beluw pectorals, and about to vertic&l from middle of opercle;
the width of the isthmus i the length of slit. Opercular flap with a wide
membranaceous border, produced backward and largely covering base of
pe<rtoral8. Gill rakers very little developed, about 12 movable rudiments on
liorizontal limb of arch. Origin of dorsal in front of middle of pectorals,
slightly fartlier from occiput than is the latter from front of eye ; distance
from origin of anal to tip of snout 3i in total length ; ventrals nearly as
long as eye, inserted under middle of opercle; pectorals with 14 or 15
rays, the upper portion of fin longest, the lower rays rapidly shortened,
the longest rays | av long as head. Scales small, circular, covering nape,
breast, and under side of pectorals, but absent on head. Lateral line
single, inconspicuous, running below middle of sides, ventral in position,
the pores not developed on the scales. Color light brownish above, dark
below; lower side of head, margins of snout, gill membranes, part of
opercles, and margins of vertical fins jet black ; ventrals and posterior
face of pectorals black ; anterior face of pectcals light glaucous blue,
mai'gined with black; lining of mouth and gill cavity and peritoneum
black. Pacific coast of southern California. A single specimen, 12 inches
long, from Albatross Station 2839. (Gilbert.) (crassus, thick; lahrum, lip.)

Lycodopsis erastilahris, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. !Nat. Mus. 1890, 106, off southern California.
(Type, No. 44280. Coll. Albatross.)

2814. EMBBfX CB0TAL1NV8 (Gilbert).

Head 5^^; depth 12; maxillary reaching to behind middle of pupil, 2i in
head; e^'c 6; interorbital width 14; snout 4. Body very slender, with

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2459

much the appearance uf Lyccnchelys paxUlus, the cheeks tuuiid, much pro-
jecting laterally, the greatest width of head more than ^ its length.
Snout short and broad, much depressed, the head scarcely constricted
opposite orbits. Eyes with little lateral range. In the single type speci-
men the upper jaw greatly overlaps the lower, the mandibular band of
teeth shutting entirely within those on premaxillaries. Teeth in upper
jaw in a single series, 2 or 3 small teeth sometimes present anteriorly,
giving traces of an inn«>r series. In lower jaw the teeth arc sparsely set
in a broad band anteriorly, becoming suddenly contracted to a single series
on middle of sides. None of the anterior mandibular teeth enlarged, 2 or
3 of posterior teeth on sides larger and hooked backward. No teeth on
vomer or palatines. Nostril in a short tube. Gill slits wide, reaching to
below pectorals, but not extending farther forward below than above.
Width of isthmus i length of slit. A series of 7 pores along mandible
and prenpercle; a second series of 7 or 8 extending from snout along sides
of head above premaxillaries. Lateral line faint, descending, its position
ventral. Dorsal inserted over middle of pectorals, its origin as far from
occiput as is the latter from front of pupil; distance of front of anal
from snoat equals i length of body ; ventrals short, less than length of
pupil; pectorals with posterior margin obliquely truncate, the uppbr
rays longest, the lower growing regularly shorter, thickened at tips, the
rays 15 or 16, the longest 2| in head. Scales small, embedded, cover-
ing body and most of vertical tins. A few very small, scattered scales
(m nape, posterior part of occiput, and contiguous parts of cheeks
and ojiercles. Lateral line single, indistinct, running obliquely downward
to near base of anal, thence backward, not reaching base of caudal tin.
(?olor dark brown, black on opercles, sides of snout, tins, and lower parts
generally ; a broad light bar across head behind eyes, extending down on
cheeks; some light mottling on mandible and gular membrane; lower
rays of pectorals margined with whitish ; lining of mouth, gill cavity,
and peritoneum jet black. North Pacitic. Two specimens known; the
type above described from Santa Barbara Islands, the second from Albatross
Station 3210, south of Saanak Islands, Alnska, depth 483 fathoms.

On tihis Dr. Gilbert has the following n«>tes:

"Ibe stomach ccmtained remains of Crustacea. Colors in life, head and
body light brown, the lower parts darker; snout, suborbital region, and
a band across pectorals greenish gilt; no light bar on head. Depth 12f in
length ; head 5* ; maxillary 2^ in head ; eye 7, equal to interorbital width.
Width of bone between orbits 17 in head. Snout 3^^ in head. Teeth above
in a narrow band, reaching only about halfway of gape. In the mandi-
ble, teeth are absent on posterior ^ of gape. The gill slit extends a little
farther forward below than above. Ventrals as long as piipil. Longest
pectoral ray 2f in head. Head wholly scaled behind eyes. Lateral line
not evident."

(crotalinus, from Crotaltia, HporaXo?, a rattlesnake.)

Lycodopsit crotalinus, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus. 1890, 105, Albatross Station, 3980, off
Santa Barbara Islands. (Coll. Albalrost.)

"qs' I

<jl

I iiii

^M

■;1

'Bra'

2460 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

I

I'feK'/

933. LYCODOPSIS, Collett.

Lyeodopgit, Collett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1870, 381 {pacifteu»).
Leurynnin, L(K!KIN(»ton, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 326 (j}atie\den$) .

Hody moderately elongate, the depth 8 to 9 tiuiea in length, covered with
Huiall, smooth, embedded scales. Lateral line rat)<er faint, extending along
middle of side. Head large; snout broad and long; interorbital Hpace
very narrow; mouth large, horizontal; teeth conical, those of the upper
Jaw in a single row ; those of the lower in a band in front, the inner series
enlarged, larger than the upper teeth ; no teeth on vomer or palatines.
Ventral fins very small ; vertical fins continuous, without spines. Sexes
more or less unlike, the mouth larger in the male. Pacific Ocean. {Lycodvs;
oipiif appearance.)

8816. LYCODOPSIS PACIFICUN (Collett).

Head 4^ (male) to ^ (female); depth 8 (male) to 8^ (female). D. 100;
A. 85. Female (paciflcua), head comparatively short; orbital region not
restricted, nor cheeks tumid; mouth comparatively small, the maxillary
reaching center of pupil. Male (paucidenB), Avith the head and mouth
large, the snout very broad, the interorbital region constricted ; maxillary
reaching posterior edge of orbit. Head, nape, and axil of pectoral naked.
Dorsal and anal fins enveloped in thick skin, which is covered with em-
bedded scales like those on the body; pectoral ^ the length of head in
female, ^ in male: ventrals i length of orbit; mandible ^ length of head
iu female, j| in male; distance from snout to base of dorsal 4^ in length
in female, 3} in male. Lateral line lateral in portion. Light reddish
olive, becoming lighter below; vertical fins margined with black; the
scales paler than skin, forming light spots; pectorals dusky. Length 12
to 18 inches. San Francisco to Puget Sound ; rather common iu water of
moderate depth oft'shore. Sexes markedly different.

Lyeodes pacijieut,* Collett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1879, 381, fomalo, Japan. (Coll.

Peters) the locality given ])robably an error.
Leurynnig pauciden»,\ Lcxikinqton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 326, off San Francisco, Oal-

ifornia, male (Type, No. 23502, U. S. Nat. Mas. Coll. W. N. Lockingtou) ; Jobdan &

Gilbert, Synopsis, 785, 1883.
I/yeodopiis paucidens, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 248.
Lycodopsit pad/icus, Jouuan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 785, 1883.

934. APRODON, Gilbert.

A^rodon, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 106 leortezianus).

This genuH differs from Lycodea only in the dentition, the teeth being
present in a single strong series on the palatines, but none on the vomer.

* In regard to the type specimen of Lycodes pacificus. Professor Collett writes us as
fo'.lows (December 2, 1895) :

" I got the specimen for describing from the Museum of Berlin from the hands of Pro-
fessor Peters himself, and he told me that the specimen was from Japan. It| is not
Impossible that he was mistaken ; but I can not have any opinion about that."

:ui view of the fact that the species is abundant oif the California coast, whence Pro-
fessor Peters had obtained collections, that it has not been found iu Japan nor in Alaska,
we have no doubt that the locality given by Professor Peters is erroneous, and that the
fish really came from California,

t The ekamination of many specimens leases no room for doubt that L.padfieui is the
femalu and L. paueidient the male of the same species.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2461

The genus is tliaa intermediate between Lyvodes and Ltjcodopaia.
out; icpo, before; odov^, tootli.)

881A. APBODOX CORTEZIANUH, Oilbert.

(«, with-

Head H to 4^; doptli 7* to 9 in length; head high and narrow, snout
broader, but long and very convex. Mouth large, maxillary reaching ver-
tical from middh^ of orbit, 2^ in In ad; eye 4.:^; snout 3; depth of head 2.
'feeth in premaxillaries strong, conical, in a Hingle series; lower jaw -svith
Ibe teeth mainly in 2 serieH, an outer row of Hlightly (mlarged teeth, and
an inner row <lireeted bai^kward, a wide interspace between tlu» two sericH
with occasional scattered t«ieth <»nly posteriorly ; on sides of mandible a
single series of teeth similar to those in upper, jaw; vomer toothh^ss;
palatines with a single series 4»f strong conical teeth. Head without c(m-
spicuous mucous pores; a strong ridge on middle of occiput anteriorly;
gill slit wide, continued forward to vertical from preopercle, the width of
isthmus 5 times in length of slit; gill rakers short, better develop«!d than
usual, 15 on horizontal limb of out»'r arch. The vertical limb of lU'ches
joined to gill cover by a fold of the lining membrane of the latter, as in
Macrourus. Pseudobranchije well developed. Origin of dorsal but little
behind base of pectorals; the hinder margin of occiput midway between
dorsal and fr<mt or middle of eye; distance from snout to origin of anal
2^ in total length; ventrals inserted under front of opercles, their length
about ? of orbit; pectorals very large, broadly rounded, the upper por-
tion of fin longest, the lower rays rapidly shortened, the lowermost with
broad, fleshy tips ; rays 20 ov 21 in number; scales of the usual type, those
on abdomen so deeply embedded as to be almost invisible; head, anterior
half of nape, breast, and base of pectorals naked; pectorals and ventrals
not scaled, other fins partly covered ; lateral line little developed, running
along middle of sides and tail. Color light brownish, lighter below ; ver-
tical fins broadly margined with black, becoming almost wholly black
behind; pectorals light at base, black distally, with a conspicuous white
edge; ventrals white; lining of mouth white, of gill cavity dusky; peri-
toneum black. Cortez Banks, near 8an Diego, California. The tj'pes,
G specimens, the longest 15 inches, from Albatross Stations 2925 and 2948,
in 339 and 266 fathoms. Dr. Gilbert also records 1 specimen from Albatross
Station 3349, ofi" the coasc of northern California, depth 239 fathoms.
{corteeianus, from Cortez Banks.)

Aprodon eorteziana, Gilbbrt, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. 1800, 107, Cortez Banks, off San Diego.
(Type, No. 46467. Coll. Albatroga.)

935. LYCODES, Reinhardt.

Lycodet, Reinhabdt, Eongl. Dansk. Yiilensk. Selsk. Naturv., vn, 1838, 153 (vahli).
Lycicu, Jordan & Evermann, new subgenus (seminudua).

Body moderately elongate, more or less eel-shaped, tapering behind, the
depth from 6 to 10 times in the length ; head oblong ; mouth nearly hori-
zontal; lower jaw included; conical teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines,
those on jaws and palatines mostly in a single series. Dorsal fin beginning
behind base of pectoral, without any spines ; the rays all soft and articu-

kA

^^^

I : !

, ti
'J

.4k -4

2462 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

m

I 'f -

fr %

late ; poctoralf) moderate, inserted ratbor high, its ontline rounded ; ven-
tral flns small, of 3 or 4 rayn. Scales sinull and vmbedded, present on part
or all of the body, the scaly area inoro extensive in the adult than in the
yonnjL!:. Lateral line faint, Hoinetinies obsolete, normally bunt downward
b«>hind pectorals and following ventral outline, sometimes with an acces-
sory branch following middle of side ; the median branch usually want-
ing. No air bladder; no anal papilla; pyloric cu3ca 2 or none. Species
numerous, oliietly of the northern seas, inhabiting considerable depths.
In general, the male has the head and mouth larger than the female, and
the lips thickened. (Av^axS;;?, wolfish.)

Lycodes : *
I. Trunk more or less completely scaled.

a. Uorsnl rays about 116; aual rays 00 tolOS.
b. Hua<1 4^ to 5 in leugtli ; depth 7 to 8.
c. Nii.po wholly scaly.

d. Lateral line double, with a median and a ventral branch ; pectoral
rays 22; body blackish with yellowish cross bands or series of

spots. BSMARKU, 2817.

dd. Lateral line simple, Tontral ; body blackish, the young with 6

d,.rker cross bands. vahui, 2818.

ce. ITapo naked ; lateral line obsolete ; color plain brown, the fins edged

with darker, pectoral rays 21 ; ventrals short. cuncglor, 2810.

Vb. Head 51} in length ; depth 0; a naked area around dorsal ; pectoral rays 10 ;

lateral line ventral ; color brownish mottled, the young barred ; a black

blotch at front of dorsal. zoabchdb, 2820.

aa. Dorsal rays 85 to 105 ; aual rays 68 .,o 03.

e. Head large, 3^ to 4} in length ; ventrals about aa long as eye ; depth 8 to 0^

in length ; bo<ly chiefly scaly, the flns naked.

/. Body brownish, with a fine network of black lines on head and body,

those on body in 5 gi oups ; dorsal edged with black ; lateral line prol>-

ably developed anteriorly only, figured as median ; pectorals broad,

of about 23 rays. RBTIODLATUS, 2821.

Sf. Body not covered with a network of black lines.

g. Color pale, with dark bauds and 2 ocellated spots on the forehead ;
pectoral rays about 17 ; lateral line figured as lateral.

PKKSI'ICILLUM 2822.

gg. Color grayish, without bands or spots ; pectoral rays about 20;
lateral line single, ventral. frioidcs, 2823.

ee. Head short, 5 to 6| in length.

h. Pectoral broad, of 23 or 24 rays; lateral line single, ventral; color
plain. TERR.K-NOV.S, 2824.

Mi. Pectorals narrow, of about 18 rays; ventral flns shorter than eye;
lateral line obsolete, or nearly so.
t. Dorsal rays 101 to 105; anal rays 81 to 00; dorsal and anal with-
out dark markings; ventrals more than i length of eye; jaws
with enlarged flaps of skin.
i. Body in adult not barred, but with 4 dark longitudinal
stripes. diqitatcs, 2825.

j). Body with 14 to 16 paie crossbars above, which disajipeal
in the adult. palearis, 2826.

(i. Dorsal rays 85 ; anal 74 ; ventrals minute, not \ length of eye ;
flaps of jaws narrow or obsolete. brbvipes, 2827.

* The analytical key to the species here given is far from satisfactory. The species
should be divided into groups distinguished by the development of the lateral line and
the breadth of the pectoral ; unfortunately the last-named character has been neglected
in most of the current descriptions ; we have examined all the species accessible to us.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 24(53

LyciaS (Avkik, wnir) :
II. Trunk naked anteriorly, sealed unly on tlie tail or puHtorior lialf.

It. Dorsalllii gcaltid posteriorly; color brywii, with faint y<*llow transvorao bands

on back. nkuulosu.s, 281:8.

kk. Dorital fin iiakud; color uniform palo grayish brown without spots or bands;

pectoral rays 21 ; lateral lino single, median. hkiiinudus, 2829.

SubKcnua LYCODES.

8817. LYCODEN ENNARKII. foUett.

H(Mul \\ ; depth 8. D. 110 to 116 ; P. 22; A. 95 ; V. 4. Body behind front
of dorsal scaled; vortical lins scaly; napu scaly; Hiiout obtuso; luaxiUary
not nioro than ^ hcrul; lateral lino indistinct, divided, having a median
branch besides the ventral series of pores, the median series faint, soon
obsolete; pectorals 8 in length ; vertobrie 25 4-87. Brownish black, with
a whitish-yellow patch on the nape, and 5 to 8 transverse bands of the same
color across the dorsal and posteriorly across the anal, these bands becom-
ing broken into annular spots with age. North Atlantic; recorded from
Finmark and Spitzbergen. American specimens from the Qulf Stream
in about lat. 40°. (Collett.) (Named for Professor Lauritz Ksmark, of
Copenhagen.)

Lyeodet etmarkii, Cullett, Norgos Fiske, 05, 1874, Varanger Fjord, Finmark (Coll. Lens-
mand Klerk and Prof. Esmark); Collett, Norsko Nord-Havs Exp., Fiske, 84, pi. 3,
fig. 22, 1880.

Lyeodex vahli. Goods &. Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 209, not of Reiniiardt; Jordan
& GlLBEBT, Synopsis, 780, 1883 ; GooDE &. Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 303, 1896.

2818. LYCODES YAHLII, Reinbardt.

Head 4J; depth 8. D. 116; A. 93; V. 4. Head nearly twice as long as
high; snout long, maxillary reaching to opposite middle of eye; dis-
tance of vent from ventrals nearly equal to length of head ; ventral iius
less than i as long as pectorals ; vertical fins scaly ; body wholly scaly ;
lateral line distinct, ventral in position ; vertebrje 25 -)- 87. Brownish yel-
low, with 6 blackish cross bands extending on the dorsal fin and confluent
on the belly, the first cross band on and below the anterior dorsal rays, the
second above the vent ; adults nearly uniform blackish. Coast of Green-
land. (Giinther.) (Named for Martin Vuhl, an early Danish naturalist.)

Lycodea vahlii, Reinhabdt, Kon. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Nat. Math. Afh., vu, 1838, 153,
tab. v, Greenland; Gn.L, Cat. Fislies East Coast N. A., 46,1861; GOnther, Cat.,iv,
319, 1862 ; JOBDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 786, 1883 j Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology,
303, 1806.

2819. LYCODES CONCOLOB, Gill &. Townaend.

Head 5 in total; depth about 7^; eye 7} in head; snout 3; ver.tral fin
2 in eye; pectoral 2 in head. D. 118; A. 98; P. 21. Body rather elongate,
covered with very small, entirely separated em bedded scales which become
more distinct anteriorly and extend in advance of the dorsal fin and 8<'ap-
ular region, as well as on the vertical fins; lateral line obsolete; pectorals
with scattered scales on external and internal surfaces near base ; a special-
ized area of smaller scales behind base of pectoral and a naked area around

I t

i f; i

■ \.i

A ■

■

i .t

*

■ i','

'■ \

•

'.il ■ :' •

■

i

<

■ i
i

!

-T'TKr"-?-^-*-

2484 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

upper axilla of pectoral; licad aodcrate, entirely naked; nape naked.
Upper teeth in a catdiform band in front, thinning oiit behind. Lipa
rather thin. Color nearly uuiforni, only relieved l)y the apparently lighter
hno of the scales and the somewhat darker margins of the fins; the scales
paler than tlie gronnd color, which is thus covered with whitish or silvery
specks. Bering Sea. Only the type known, its length 22 inches, from
which we have taken the above description, {mncolWy uniformly col-
ored.)

Lyeodet concolor, Giu. & Townsknd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 233,
Bering Sea, lat. 55° 19' N., long. 168° 11' ^V., Albat:oss Station 3608, (Aug. 12, 1895),
in 176 fathoms. (Type, No. 48764, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. AttatrosM.)

2H20. LYC0DE8 ZOABCHUS, Goode & Bean.

Head nearly 5| in total length; depth 9; eye 4 in head = snout. D. 116;
A. 102; P. 19. Body covered with conspicuous embedded scales which
extend behind the dorsiil and anal, leaving only a narrow naked margin
around these iins ; head and pectorals naked. A lateral line begins slightly
above the upper angle of the gill opening, rapidly curving downward and
extending along the lower p.irt of the body not far from base of anal fin ;
it cskv, be traced ahove the anterior f of the anal. Interorliital distance,
measured on the bone, 4 in eye; nostrils placed close to upper lip and as
far from each other as from the jye ; maxillary reaching to vertical through
middle of eye; upper jaw 2J^ in head; mandible nearly ^ head; mandible
with a conspicuous flap on each side, about as long as eye, beginning at a
distarce from the symphysis equal to | length of eye; inner edge of man-
dible also with a slightly elevated ridge of skin. Length of intermaxillary
series of teeth equal to j( length of I^ead ; length of palatine scries nearly
equal to that of intermaxillary ; vomerines in a round patch , mandibular
teeth in 3 series; width of gill of ^ning } length of head; ventr&ls in front
of base of pectorals, their length 8 in head. Distance between lower angles
of gill opening nearly ^ length of head; origin of dorsal distant from the
head a space equal to i length of head, sliglitly behind middle of pectoral ;
pectoral, when extended, reaching to about vertical from sixth dorsal ray ;
longest ray of dorsal about j- length of head: anal origin under seven-
teenth ray of dorsal ; vent under fifteenth ray of dorsal ; longest pectoral
ray contained about 9^^ times in total length. Lateral line distinct, ven-
tral in position, the median pores absent. Color grayish brown, lighter
on the belly and under surface of the head; sides irregularly mottled with
darker, a narrow dark edge at tip of first 4 dorsal rays. In a young exam-
ple (No. 39299, U. S. Nat. Mus.) the mottlings on the sides are baud-like, the
bands not extending below the middle of the body entirely. This example
is from lat. 44° 26' N., long. 57° 11' 15" W., 190 fathoms. The type of thti
description is a specimen 366 mm. long, obtained by the Alhatroaa in lat.
440 46' 30" N., 130 fathoms, off Nova Scotia. (Zoarchus, a synonym of
Zoarces; from ^oaapxrn, viviparous.)

Lyeodes zoarchus, Guode & Bban, Oceanic Icbthyology, 308, 1806, ofT Nova Scotia, in
130 fathoms. (Typo, No. 30298. Coll. Albatrots.)

I*-'

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2466

2821. LrCODES RETICIJLATU;<I, Reinhardt. ;

Head 4 ; depth about 8. D. 94 ; A. 75 ; V, 4. Body entirely scaly ; lateral
line faint, devoloped anteriorly (fide Giintber's plate), probably becoming
ventral; vertical fiiis naked. Head twice as long aa bigh; snout long;
maxillary extending to behind middle of eye ; distaiice from vent to von-
trals more than length of head ; c»)ca 2. Brownish, with reticulated black
lines on the head and body, those on the bidy disposed in 5 groups or
(TOSS bands, the 3 anterior of which emit 1 or 2 vertical streaks on the
dorsal fin; dorsal dark edged. Length 14 inches. North Atlantic, from
Greenland south to Narragansett Bay, in 17 to 140 fathoms ; a1)undant also
in northern Europ«\ (En.) (reticnlatHH, netted.)

Lyeodet retieulatut, Reinhardt, Kong. Dansk. Yid. Af h., vil, 1838, 167, Greenland ; GOn-
THER, Cat., IV, 32U; GiLL, I. c, 2tM); CoLLETT, Nord-Hav8 Exp., 84; Jordan &. Gilbbht,
Synopsis, 787, 1883 ; Goodk & Bean, Oce.-.nic IchtUyokgy, 305, 1896.

Lyeodes roust, Maijmoren, Om Spetsbergen Fiskfnnna, 516, 1864, Spitzbergen.

Lycodet qradlU, Saks, Christ. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1860, Drobak.

2822. LYCODKS PKRSPIVILLIIM, Kriiyer.

This species is distinguished by a light bo^W color and dark bands, also
2 ocellated spots on the forehead, which have suggested the specific name.
Still further separated from the previously known species of LycodetJty
ttie smaller number of fin rays, larger eye, etc. (Kriiyer.) Greenland and
southward in deep water. Specimens were obtained by the Albatross from
Station 2491, in 45'^ 24' 30" N. lat., 58^ 35' 15" W. long., at a depth of 59
fathoms, and from Station 2456, in 47" 29' N. lat., 52" 18' W. long., at &
depth of 86 fathoms.

The ftdlowing is the substance of Dr. Glinther's description:

Head 4 in total length ; depth nearly 8. Head not quite twice as long
as high; suout long; upper maxillary extending to below middle of eye.
Distance of vent from ventrals nearly equal to length of head. Yellowish,
with 9 or 10 brownish cross bands, edged with dark brown, and broader
than the Interspaces, the first occupying the upper parts of the head and
inclosing a pair of roundish, yellowish spots situated behind the level of
the eyes , the second cross band is on and before the anterior dorsal rays.

(In the figure of Goode & Bean the lateral line is represented as median,
which is probably not correct.) (pcrspicHliim, eyebrow, from the spot
above the eye. )

Lycodet pertpicillum, KKiiVBR, Dtvnsk. VidenHk. Solsk. Afhandl., xi, 1845, 233, Greenland;
GCntheb, Ca„., IV, 320, 1862; GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliilo. 1863, 260.

2828. LYCODEK FRItllDUS, Collett.

Head 4 to 4J in total length ; depth 6^ (to 9J, young). D. 93 to 98 (includ-
ing i of the caudal, 99 to 104) ; A. 80 to 85 (in<'luding i of the caudal 86 to
90) ; P. 20 to 21 ; V. 3. Head wide and fiat. Scales with very conspicuous
uiiicous cavities below, small, covering the entin^ body, but not the head,
nor the base of the dorsal and anal fins. In the young the middle of the
belly, the base of the iins, and the fins themselves are usually naked.

I ji

ns

Wm

'■ ■ ■■ !

jajEHp

i : ;■

r '^-''^ vlfe

!»■■

i:r. i:

ll.

, J

m ,t , ^-i

M 4

Hv' '1

-^'

.' h^-.^J^y^'J^.-^-P-'^.-'fi!^.^ .'

Iff lWT

P
i' '

m

2466 Btdletin 47, United States National Museum.

Teeth present on intermaxillary, mandible, palatines, and vomer; lateral
line low, extending from upper end of gill opening in a curved direction
down toward vent from which it runs close along anal to end of tail.
(Goode & Bean.) Pectoral fin obliquely truncate at tip, appearing furcate
when not spread open. North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, from Spitzbergen
puth to the New England coast, whoro many specimens were taken in 516
to 1,423 fathoms. (Ku.) One of C'ollett's Hpucimens from Hammerfest,
examined by us.) (friyidua, frozen.)

Lycodea frigidui, Collett, Forli. Selsk. (Jhrist. 1878, Nos. 14 and 15, Beeren Island and
Spitzbergen; Collett, Korsko Nord-UavH Exp., 9(i, pi. 3, t. 23, ,24, 188U ; Goode &.
Bean, Oceanic Icbtliyulogy, 305, 1896.

8824. LYCODES TKRRJl-NOVJC, Collett.

Head5to5J; depth 8to 11. D.106 to 108; A.89to93; P.23or24. Body
slender, head small; pector.-ila broad; maxillary reaching to middle of
eye; band of palatine teeth A'ery short, scarcely i length of maxillary
bund; body entirely scaly, httad naked; lateral line ventral, extending
along edge of belly, the median branch wanting; vent before middle of
body. Color lost in type, the only specimen known. Banks of New-
foundland, in 155 fathoms. (Collett.) {terra, land; novus, new, from
Newfoundland. )

Lyeodet terree-novce, (Collett, Cniiipagnes Scioiififlques, L'Uiroiidellei, x, 1890, 54, Bank
of Newfoundland, Hirondelle Station i6a, in 155 fathoms. (Coll. Albert, Prince of
Monaco.)

2825. LYCODRK DIOITATUS, Gill & Townsend.

Head 5 in total; depth about 8j|^ ; eye 6^ in head ; snout 3; ventral fin If
in eye ; ijectoral l,*,, in head. D. 101 ; A. 81 ; P. 18. Body moderately elon-
gate; covered with hmall, entirely separated embedded scales, which
become nearer anteriorly and extend in advance of the dorsal fin as well
as on the vertical fins ; no specialized area of smaller scales behind base of
pectorals; pectorals sealeless; head moderate, entirely naked; nape
naked ; upper jaw with outer row of close-set teeth, broader in front ; teeth
on vomer and palatines ; lips rather thick. Color in alcohol, brownish
yellow, suffused with reddish in front, variegated, darker anteriorly, with
4 dark longitudinal stripes most distinct about middle of body, fading
out backward; fins light and without dark margins; head dark above
and laterally light below. Bering Sea. Only the type known, from which
we have taken this description, its length 18 inches; possibly the adult of
X. palcaris, but the pectoral fi!is are shorter than in the latter. (digUatut,
fingered.)

Lyeodet digitatus, Gill & Townsend, Proc. Biol. So<'. Wash., xi, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232,
Bering Sea, lat. 56° 14' N., long. 164° 8' W., at Albatross Station 3S4ii>n 49 fathoms.
(Type, No. 48766, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatro*8.)

282A. liTCODKS PALEAUIH, Gilbert.

Head 5^ in length; depth 9^ to 11 in length, 2^ in head; eye 5 to 6 in
head, 1^ to 2 in snout. Dorsal with altout 105 rays, counted to middle of
caudal; anal about 90; pectoral 18; ventrals 1^ to 1^ in eye, twice as long

[fl

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2467

as m L. hrevipefi; pectorals 1^ in bead. Head naked; nape more or less
naked, the scaleless area variable in extent, HometimeH confined to its ante-
rior third, sonietiiueH reaching nearly to front of dorsal ; body sparsely
covered with embedded scales; axilnaxod; lateral line short, decurved,
e'xtendiug scarcely beyond middle of pectorals. Anal origin under eight-
eenth dorsal ray. Teeth present in jaws, vomer and palatines, those in
))reniaxi]laries laterally in a single series which widens anteriorly into a
rather broad patch, the onter teeth somewhat enlarged, especially in front;
all the preiiiaxillary teeth shut outside on the mandibular series which are
opposed to those on vomer and palatines; mandibular teeth arranged
similarly to those in upper jaw, the lateral series somewhat enlarged,
continuous with the inner edge of the symphyseal patch ; vomerine teeth
Iduntly conic, 3 or 4 in number; palatines i:i a single series. Snout lung,
prominent, the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower for a distance
equaling ^ of orbit; upper lip thin, much expanded laterally, continuous
posteriorly with the lower lip which forms a wide free membranaceous lobe
opposite middle of each mandible; anteriorly the lower lip becomes
abruptly contracted an '1 adnate to the jaw, leaving th«« symphyseal por-
tion without free margin; inner edge of mandible with wide membra-
naceous border"*, which iu(Tease in width anteriorly where they terminate
in a pair of acutely pointed free flaps; these and the membranaceous mar-
gins very conspicuous in both young and old individuals. In L. bretnpea they
are vqry inconspicuous, becoming evident in adults only. General color
brownish olive, growing lighter on the lower parts; dorsal with 14 to 16
white vertical bars, extending in young examples across back and sides
and onto anal fin, in adults confined to the fins, and frc<|uently indistinct
or wanting; anterior dorsal angle fre<iueutly black, se|)arated from
remainder of fin by a curved white bar; dorsal and anal not bla<^k mar-
gined as in L. hreripes: in the latter, the white lateral bars are 9 to 12 in
number, and are usually confined to upper half of body ; there is also no
black spot on anterior dorsal rays. This species is very close to fj.
brevipes Bean, differing constantly in the longer ventrals, the greater
development of mandibnhir and labial folds, the more numerous white
bars, and the smaller eye. Bering Sea. Three specimens, 113 to 166 mn«.
long, from Albatross Stations 3253 and 3254, in Bristol Bay, in 36 and 46
fathoms. (Gilbert.) (littiea-, the ■wattles of a cock.)

Lycndet palearit, Gilbert, Kept. U. 8. TTIhIi Coinm. 1893 (1890), 454, Bristol Bay, Alaska.
(CoU. Albatrogs.)

2827. LYC0DE8 BKEVIPEH, Rean.

Head 5 in total length; depth 10. D. 85 to middle of caudal; A. 74; P.
'.il. Body covered with scales except immediately behind pectoral fins;
head naked; dorsal and anal fins minutely scaled; diameter of eye equals
the length of the sniui^, 4 in head; dorsal origin nearly over middle of
]>ectoral; anal origin under eighteenth ray of dorsal; ventrals minute,
scarcely more than ^ diameter of eye; pectorals 9 in length of the body;
lateral line single, very faint, ventral in position, abruptly decurved and
becoming obsolete over ab«>ut the tenth anal ray. A narr«)\v light band

I

2468 Bulletin ^7, United States National Mtiseum.

across the nape and from 9 to 11 across the back extending downward
about to median line and becoming obscnre in adults; dorsal and anal
each wi til a narrow dark margin. (Bean.) Aleutian Islands to Kadiak ;
abundant; taken by us in large numbers off Karluk in 1897. (hreiviiy
short; pett, foot.)

Lycodes brevipeg. Bran, Proo. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1800, 38, between Unga and Nagai islands,
at Albatross Station 3848, in no fathoms. (Type, No. 45362. Coll. Albatroat.)

ri

m :

Subgenus LYCIAS, Jordan <c Evermann.
2888. LTCODRS iNEBCLOSUS, Kriiyer.

D. 87; A. 68; P. 19; V. 3. IJody naked anteriorly, the posterior part of
dorsal fin scaly ; the anal naked or nearly so. Brown, with small, faint,
yellow, transverse bands across the back. Greenland. (Kriiyer.) An
imperfectly described species, not recognized by any recent writer.
This species and the next should perhaps be placed in LyvodMlepia. {nebu-
loaiiH, clouded.)

Lyeode$ nebulotui, Kr5yer, Kong. Dan. "Viilensk. Sel. 1844, 140, Greenland; Gill, Proc.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 261 ; Jordan & Gilubkt, Synopsis, 787, 1883.

2829. LTCODES 8EMINVDUS, Reinhardt.

Head 3*; depth 7. D. 91; A. 74; P. 21. Body naked in front of ven',,
scivly behind; (ins naked. Head large. Distance of veutrals from vent
somewhat more than length of head; Cieca2. Color uniform pale grayish
brown, without spots or bands. North Atlantic, from Greenland to Spitz-
bergen; rare. (Collett.) {semi-, half; ntidtta, naked.)

Lycodes seminudv*, Kkinhaudt, Kong. Dansk. Selak., etc., 1838, 221, Omenak, Greenland ;
GUnther, Cat., IV, 320, 1862; Jordan & Gu.bert, Synopsis, 787, 1883; Goodb & Bean,
Oceanic Ichtliyology, 307, 1896.

936. LYCODALEPIS, Bleeker.

Lyeodalepis, Bleeker, Verl. Akad. Arast., Ed. 2, vni, 1874, 369 (mueontt).

This genus differs from Lycodes in the absence of scales on trunk and
fins; scattered scales sometimes present on the tail only. (XvHcbdtfi,
Lycodes; dAenii, without scales.)

a. Color brownish, with many cross bands and streaks of cream color ; head 4} in length ;
depth 8; lateral line obsolete; tail sometimes witli a few scales. P01.ARIS, 2830.

aa. Color blackiHh, witli about 5 narrow pale cross liars on back; head 3^ in lengtli;
depth 8; lateral lino double, a median and a ventral series of pores being faintly
developed. Mucosus, 2831.

2880. LTVODALEPIS POLARIS (Sabine).

Head i\; depth 8. D. a5; A. 67; P. 18; V. 3; Br. 6. Head depressed,
its greatest width f of its length ; distance from tip of snout to nape nearly
equaliug greatest width of head, 6 in length; upper jaw If to 2 in head,
extending to vertical of hind nuirgin of orbit, larger in male than in t'^e
female ; a full series of teeth on preuiaxilliaries, and in front of these a few
smaller teeth form an outer imperfect series ; a toothless space at symphysis,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North A m -^rica . 2469

first tootli OQ each side of this larger than any of the rest ; 1 complete s«>rie8
of teeth on mandible, and in front of it, about the sj'niphyRis, 2 irregu-
hir short serioH; a few teeth in a cluster on head of vomer; palatines with
a short single series ; teeth all slender and slightly recurved ; long diame-
ter of eye 9 in head. Pectoral \^ in herd; ventral about as long as eye;
longest dorsal ray 3f in head ; vent in middle of total length, immediately
behind third cross band; longest anal ray 4^ in head; scattered scales
present on posterior two-thirds of tail in 1 specimen (type of L. co -cineuH),
wholly wanting in the others, typical of L. tiirniTi; no scales on the tins ; no
trace of lateral line. Color light brown ; abdomen grayish brown ; lower
parts of head cream ; a baud of cream on the anal from origin of rays to
about their middle; a crescentic V-shaped band of same color, n:"ttled
with umber, crossing nape and continuing behind pectonils, extending
backward to the first cross bar ; a streak of cream, more or less interrupted
by umber, extending backward from eye across cheek almost to end of
operculum; 10 bands of cream color, bordered with dark umber, from
tips of dorsal rays extending on lower half of body, be«*oining wider and
somewhat broken below middle of body ; a very indistinct caudal tip of
cream color. In young examples these markings are very distinct; in
older ones they grow progressively more obscure, the oldest having scat-
tering blotches of cream color inst'^ad of bauds, the V-shaped nuchal band
persisting longest. The type of Lycodes cocoincus is described as brown,
red below; pectorals reddish brown above, carmine below ; 9 bluish-white
bands on the dorsal ; a few whitish blotches on sides and on head ; anal
brownish red; head white below; a whitish blotch as large as eye at
upper angle of gill opening. Length 18 to 20 inches. Arctic Ocean, Bering
Straits, and adjacent waters south to St. Michaels. Here described from
the type of Lycodea coceineus and from a number of specimens from Point
Barrow referred to Lycodes tunieri. Evidently all belong to the same
species, but 1 has a scaly tail while the others are wholly naked. In 2
large examrtles, supposed to be males, the head is very much depressed,
broad and fiat, and the maxillary is more than ^ head. In the others the
head is smaller, less flattened, with smaller mouth, the maxillary 2 in head.
These are doubtless females and young. The species should probably
stand ivs Lycodalepis polaris. {polaris, polar.)

}Bienniu8 oolaH*,* Sauinb, Parry's Journal, "Voyage 1819-20, Supplenieut, 212, North

Georgia.
Lycodes tumeri, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 464, St. Michaels, Alaska (Type, No-

21529. Coll. Dr. Lucipii M. Turner) ; Tukneu, Coiitr. Nat. Hist. Aliiska, 93, pi. 4, 1880.
Lycode* eoecinevt, Bkan, Proo. IT. S.Nat. Mur., IV. 1P81, 144, Big Diotnede Island, Bering

Strait (Coll. Dr. liean. Type, No. 27748, 20 inches long, with scales on the tail);

Jordan &-Gilbkrt, Synopsis, 787, 188:».
Bleimius (Zoarehes?) polarit, Rujhahdson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., ni, 94, 1836.
Lycodes polarin, GCntheh, Cat., iv, 321, 1862.
Lyeodalepis tumeri, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 788, 1883; Scofielu, in Jordan & Uil-

UGRT, Fur Seal Invest., 1898.
Lyeodalepis polaris, Jordan & Giuiert, Synopsis, 788, 1883.

Itlennius polarit is thus descrilted:
set^ding twici^ its breadth, having 15 r

Without any scales; length of the pectoral
oxoet^dlng twicer its breadth, having 15 rays. Yellowish, lighter on the belly, with 11
larg<« saddlo-Iike markings across the hack, the middle of these markings Iieing much
lighter than their edges; the whole back and the sides marbled. (Sabine.) Coast of
North Georgia.

1}

4.

- J.4L>.&%fU.^-~-Jd.!j.fL -^^ti'^^Mr ^*i^iA\ Ai

pf''

*' -is

fJJ '." f

w

^'i '

?^ ' ■

V

'j.-U3£5. Vj'^_^>4:v-^

I'.'

|6-'

f'Ktii

rrwf-

2470 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

2881. liTCODALEPIS HirC08V8 (Kichardson).

Head 3f; depth 8. D. (including \ of caudal) 90; A. (including \ of cau-
dal) 71 ; P. 18 ; V. 3. Body robust, head very large ; snout 3 in head ; inter-
orbital area 6 iu head; nostrils much farther from eyes than from each
other, their distance from eyos 4^ in head; upper jaw 6^ in total length;
lower Jaw 6J; eyes small, close together, their long diameter 11 in the
head; distance from tip of snout to base of pectoral fin Z\ in total length;
])cctoral fin 6| ; length of ventrals equaling long diameter of eye. (Goode
&. Bean.) Lateral line (in specimens from Cumberland Gulf) very faint,
but with both median afid ventral branch. Blackish, with irregular white
markings in the form of 5 faint and narrow bars across the back. Arctic
America. {viiuco%u%, slimy.)

Lycode* viueosus, Kichardson, Laat Arctic Voyage, 362, pi. 26, 1855, Northumberland
Sound; Bean, Bull. XT. S. Nat. Mu8., No. 15, 112, 1879 ; GoouE <fc Bean, Oceanic IchtLj .
ology, 306, 1896.

Lycodalepis mucosus, Johdan & Gilbert, Synopsin, 788, 1883.

937. LYCENCHELYS, Gill.

LycenchelyH, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1884, 110 (muroeva) .

This genus contains small and very slender species differing from Ltjco-
di'8 iu tlie elongation of the body, the depth being from 10 to 20 times in
the length. The lateral line is single and median iu all known species.
The genus is very close to Lifcodca, biit the position of the lateral line
sufficiently defines it, especially in connection with the slemler eel-like
form. (XvKoi, wolf; eyx^^v^, eel.)

a. Lower half of pectoral not notably longer than upper; depth 12 to 16 in length.
h. Dorsal rays 92; anal 88; color grayish, with irregular brown patches.

VBRRILLII, 2832.

hh. Dorsal rays 118; anal 110; color brown, the head darker. paxillus, 2833.

aa. Lower half of pectoral considerably longer tlian upper; head with large pores;

depth 14 times in length ; color dusky brown. porifer, 2834.

8S38. LYCENCHELYS YEBBILLII (Goode & Bean).

Head 51}; depth about 13; eye 2 in snout. D. 92; A. 88; P. 15; V. 5.
Body elongate; head much depressed. Distance of vent from ventrals
slightly greater than head, its distance fioiu snout about 3 in body; dis-
tiince of dorsal fin from snout | greater than head; distance of anal
from snout twice head; dorsal and anal fins about equal in height, with
even margins, not differentiated from caudal, the rays increasing some-
what in length posteriorly; distance of pectoral from snout- about equal
to head, twice length of pectoral ; pectoral reaching vertical from base of
second dorsal ray ; distance of ventrals from snout less than head, their
length less than i that of pectorals. Head, body, and fins enveloped in
tough, lax skir. Scales cycloid, circular, and ovate, with numerous con-
centric striie, md about 18 lobes on margin, the whole perimeter being
lobed ; scales (lee]ily embedded in the skin at distances from each other
equal to their own diameters, most numerous on upper part of body and

'ffi

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2471

extending upon base of dorsal ; very few scales upon lower half of body,
none on anal fin. Upper jaw far overlapping the lower; gape reaching
orbit. A series of 6 large pores on each side, extending backward from
nostril toward angle of opercle, the fourth of the series under center of
orbit; a similar series, 7 on each side, along line of lower jaw from its
symphysis to angle of opercle, all slit-like, the others circular. Nostrils
at extremities of fleshy tubes. Teeth in lower jaw in 2 rows, nearly uni-
form in size; teeth of uxiper jaw in a single series, somewhat enlarged
near the symphysis; patches of smaller teeth behind; about 7 teeth on
vomer; a single row on palatines ; all the teeth curved. Gill opening nar-
row, the membranes attached to the isthmus. Color, body above lateral
line light grayish brown with numerous luinute circular dots marking the
position of the scales ; pearly white below lateral line ; brown irregular
patches upon sides, bisected by lateral line, the lower half color of dorsal,
that above darker and with the white dots, these brown patches 7 to 10
in number; a brown spot on tip of tail; abdominal region livid blue.
Coast of Massachusetts, in deep water ; a Jlwarf species very small in size.
(Named for Prof. Addison E. Verrill of Yale University.)

l/yeodea verrWlii, Goodk & Bba;:, Anier. Journ. Sci. Arts, xiv, 1877, 474. off coast of New
England in the Gulf Stream; Jordan & Gilbert, Syuopsis, 786, 1883.

Lyeenehehjs verrilli, Jordan, Cat., 124, 1885 ; Goode & Bean, Oceanic lohthyology, 309,
tigs. 277 and 277 A, 1896.

8888. LYCENCHELl'8 PAXILLC8 (Goode & Bean).

Head 8; depth 16; eye 3^ to 4 in head, c^qual to snout, which is 4 times
interorbital width. D. (with ^ of caudal) 118; A. 110; P. 16; V. 3. Body
attenuate, head broad, flat above, with declivous protile; cheeks full
and protuberant ; teeth stout, recurved, .and sharply pointed, in a single
series in each jaw, except at the symphysis; a few teeth clustered at
the head of the vomer ; palatines with a single series ; the tubuhir nos-
tril much nearer tip of snout than eye. Lateral line median, faint and
short (in specimens examined by us). Dorsal beginning ( ver tip of pec-
toral; ventral little longer than pupil. Scales very small, present every-
where except on head and pectorals, nearly covering vt^rtical fins. Light
brown, the head somewhat dai'kor. Gulf stream, lat. 35° to 41*^ N., in deep
water, 263 to 904 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) {paxillu8, a peg.)

Lycoden paxilhu, Goodk &. Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1879, 44, between LaHave and
Sable Island Banks (Type, No. 22177. CoU.Capt. J. W. Collins), a male in breeding
form ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 785, 1883.

Lycodes paxilloide», Goode &. Bean, Bull. Mus. Conip. Zool.,x, No. 5, 207, 1883, off New-
foundland (Type in M. C. Z. Coll. The lilake); a normal, not sexually distorted
individual.

Lyeenehelyt paxUlus, Jordan, Cat., 124,1085; Goode & Bean, Oceanic Icbttiyology, 311,
ligs. 279 and 282, 1896.

2884. LTCEHrCHELYH PORIFEB (GUbert).

Head 5^ ; depth 14. Body very slender. Head much contracted oppo-
site orbits, the snout expanded, as in Lycodopsia pancidens. Mouth mod-
erate, the maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, S\ in head; eye
5J ; snout 3| ; interorbital width i eye. Teeth in front of premaxillaries

M'C:

ft

i.i

I-

n ■

y

h^-'

'i. ■

Ji'

'■: ■

r 1

I '

■ ?r

?:<:■

:.h

^■: \i

-IP:

' 'J^

1 :• "" ■ 4
i 1"- '.

i ■'!:

1^

1 ;■

2472 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

in 2 series, merging into 1 laterally, the outer series anteriorly soniewliat
enlarged; teeth in front of mandible in a broad band, narrowing laterally
to a single series, none of tbem enlarged ; vomer and palatines with single
series. Head with 2 series of largo and A'ory conspicuous elongate pores,
1 series on mandible and subopercle, the second parallel with it on level
of snout. Gill openings wide, extending forwai'd beyond preopercular
margin, the width of isthmus less thiai \ length of slit. Distance from
origin of d(»rsal to tip of snout 4^ in length. Median dorsal rays simply
forked near base, those posteriorly in both dorsal and anal repeatedly
subdividing. Distance of anal from snout 2| in length; pectorals
rounde<l, the lower half of fin longer than the upper, the rays thickened,
the fin containing 15 or 16 rays, its length less than \ head; ventrals
longer and slenderer than usual, each apparently composed of 2 rays
closely joined, their length f orbit, inserted unusually far forward,
being in advance of preopercular margin. Scales very small, circular,
partially embedded, covering body and vertical fins; head, antedorsal
region, breast, and a strip connecting the two latter embracing base and
axil of pectorals, naked; lateral line median. Color uusky l)rown, the
fins, sides of head, and belly blackish; lining of movith <ind gill cavity
and peritoneum black. Oft' Lower California. A single specimen, 12
inches long, from Albatross Station 300{>, in 857 fathoms. A transitional
apecies :ipproaching Furcella. (porua, pore; fero, I bear.)

Lycode» porifer, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1890, 104, off Lower California, in 857 fath-
oms. (Type, No. 44384. Coll. Dr. Gilbert )

938. FURCIMANUS, Jordan & Evermann.

Furcimanus, new genua (diapteru*) ; Jordan & Evermann, Clieck-List Fishes, 480, 1806
(diapterus) ; preoccupied by Furcella, Lamarck, 1801, a genus of mollusca.

This genus dilfers from Lycenchelyt in the forked pectorals, the upper
and lower rays being much longer than the middle ones. The latt^ral line
is single and ventral in position (not lateral as in Lyoenchelya). (furca, a
fork; manua, hand.)

FDBCIHANVS DIAPTEBA (Gilbert).

Head 5g^ to 6; depth 12; eye large, usually longer than snout, 3 to 3J in
head; snout 3^ to 3J; interorbital width about 10. Body slender. Mouth
small , somewhat variable in length, the maxillary reaching vertical from
between front and middle of pupil, 2\ to 3 in head. Teeth in preniaxillaries
in a double row throughout, the 2 series well separated, rarely with 1 or 2
teeth intercalated, showing traces of a third row ; the teeth of inner series
small and directed obliquely inward; those of outer scries anteriorly
enlarged, becoming smaller on sides of jaw ; on front of mandible the teeth
are in a broad band, in which traces of 3 or 4 irregular series cau be m.'i<le
out ; none of these enlarged ; laterally the teeth are arranged in a single
series, those opposite middle of cleft considerably enlarged ; a small patch
of from 2 to 5 teeth on A'omer; palatines with a single row much shorter
than premaxillary patch. Nostril with a short inconspicuous tube. Man-
dible and preopercular border with d»icp pit-like excavations, which arc
not evident in fresh specimens; no evident mucous pores on the head.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2473

Qill opeuiugs -wide, exteuding below tbo biiso of tho pectorals; the gill
membranes joined to isthmus for u distance equaling jj length of slit; gill
rakers very short, almost tubercular, but compressed and slightly mov-
able, about 15 present on anterior limb of outer arch ; a wide slit behind
fourth gill. Ventrals short, inserted under middle of operclo. Pectorals
deeply notched in both young and adults, the median rays much shorter
than either upper or lower, the lobe produced by the elongate lower rays
varying in length, being sometimes shorter than upper lobe, sometimes
longer; the rays of lower lobe are thickened, and undoubtedly serve as a
support to the Qsh when resting on the bottom, as has been obserTe<l in
so many other forms; the pectorals contain 20 or 21 rays; in the structure
of this fin the present species seems to dificr from all previously described
forms, with the exception of L. esmarkii, in which the notched condition
of the fin does not persist in the adults. Scales small, embedded, cover-
ing entire body and vertical fins ; the scales on nape are much reduced in
size, and in 2 specimen^ (IH and 7i inches long) are continued onto occi-
put, which they entirely cover; in another specimen, 9 inches long, the
occiput is naked, and in another, 5 inches long, the anterior part of nape is
likewise naked ; in the latter, as in other specimens, the dorsal and anal
are well scaled. Lateral line single, wavy, ventral iu position, extending
from above gill slit obliquely downward to near base of anal, along which
it is continued for a variable distance, not reaching base of caudal. Color
dusky brownish, blue-black on belly and along anterior portion of base of
anal; 8 or 9 narrow white bars on sides, most conspicuoiis in tho young,
in which they are continued up on dorsal fin and become forked below on
middle of sides, forming A-shaped marks ; in adults these bars become
faint or wholly disappear; when present, they are not continued on dor-
sal, and are nsually vertically divided by a streak of the grouiid color ;
in the small specimen there is a distinct black blotch on margin of ante-
rior dorsal rays ; in adults, the vertical fins are brownish on basal portion,
their distal half black ; pectorals and ventrals deep blue-black ; mouth,
gill cavity, and peritoneum dusky or black. Several specimens, from Alba-
tross Stations 2892, 2896, 3067, and 3077, in depths from 82 to 376 fathoms,
off the coasts of California and Oregon. (Gilbert.) A remarkable spe-
cies. (6m, divided; jrrcpoJ', fin.)

Lyeodea diaptertu, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Kat. Mus. 1891, SG4, off the coast of Oregon, in 685
to 877 fathoms. (Type, No. 44385. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

939. LYCODONUS, Goode &, Bean.
Lyeodonus, GoODE & BSAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X, No. 5, 208, 1883 (mirahilis).

Body elongate, formed as in Lyoenchelys and Lydscus; scales small,
circular, embedded in the skin; lateral line very short or obsolete ; jaws
without fringes, lower jaw included; fin rays all articulated, each ray of
dorsal and anal supported laterally by a pair of sculptured scutes; caudal
distinct, not fully connate with dorsal and anal; ventrals present; gill
opening narrow ; teeth iis in Xj/codes. Deep water. (Z^codes, with a mean-
ingless change of termination.)
3030 78

%

".m

''i:

i !

I ,,

:? i

ri

i"*ivi,(#i»'-.Si.ii;Tj:'>t-*i^V":^.a*j 1^'' .,\-\-'i:Li.L-

2474 Bulletin 47, United States National Mtiseum,

2SS0. liYCODONVH MIRAB1L18, Oomlo & Dean.

Head 7 in total length ; depth about 18. D. about 80; A. about 70; C. 9;
P. 18 ; V. 3 ; scaleH ns in Lycodes, the scales not extending out upon the fins ;
no scales on head and nape. Lateral line apparently obsolete posteriorly ;
not extending back of the extremity of the pectoral, its position median ;
oyo high up, 2^ in head, equal to postorbital portion of the head ; the width
of interorbital space less than diameter of pupil, 3^ times in long diameter
of eye ; nostrils immediately in front of eyo ; maxillary extending to verti-
cal through anterior margin of pupil; mandible, to a little behind vertical
through posterior margin of the pupil ; dorsal fin inserted slightly behind
vertical through base of pectoral (the portion of the tin present in the
mutilated specimen before us contains 80 articulated rays; the first 10 or
11 scutes do not support rays, but whether rays were originally present
ur not can not be ascertained) ; longest dorsal ray about equal to longest
anal ray, its length about 3 in head ; distance of vent from snont twice
length of head; anal beginning immediately behind vent, of about 70
articulated rays; caudal rays extending beyond tips of ultimate dorsal and
anal rays, about 9 in number; distance of ventral from snout equal to
twice length of npper jaw; middle ventral ray longest, it being ^ as long
as postorbital part of head; length of pectoral equaling 3 times that of
snout. Off the New England coast, in depths of 721 to 1,309 fathoms; a
most remarkable little fish. {;mirahilia, wonderful.)

LycodonvM mirabilis, Goode &. Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X, No. 5, 208, 1883, New Eng-
land Coast, lat. 38° ao' 8" N., long. 73° 23' ao" W., in 740 fathoms (Type in M. C. Z.) ;
JOBDAN, Cat. Fishes, 124, 1885 ; GOODB & Bean, Oceanic Ichtbyology, 312, 1806.

940. LYCONEMA, Gilbert.
Lyeonema, Gilbert, Rept. U. S. Fiah Gomui. 180.3 <1806), 471 (barbatum).

Generic characters as in Lycodes, but the lower jaw covered with a dense
mass of slender filaments or barbels, between which can be seen the
mucous pores of the mandible. In Uuocwtes, a related genus from the
Antarctic, the mandible is provided with a series of hollow tubes, which
are doubtless the produced margins of the pores. Alaska. (Xvxoi, wolf;
vij/iia, thread.)

2887. LTCONEHA BABBATUM, Gilbert.

Head 6j^; depth 11^; maxillary 3 in head; eye 3j^; snout 4|. D. 103; A.
90 (each counted to middle of caudal); P. 15, its length l^^r iu head; vcn-
trals very short, i to )f diameter of orbit. A dense fringe of filaments
covers the entire under surface of lower jaw, extending to behind angle of
mouth ; another series laterally on the throat, and a few "oattering ones
sometimes present on the branchiostegal membranes; upper jaw without
barbels. Body slender; upper jaw overlapping the lower; mouth small,
maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil ; teeth all conical, none
of them much enlarged, those in lower jaw in a patch or irregular
double series, narrowing to a single series laterally ; in upper jaw, a single
series, the teeth of which increase in size toward the middle line, the mid-

#

>-i>-*-----^---..i-:.

■ ."JIf ':'r^^W^~'\' "^J "S.-^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2475

dlo tooth boiug almoHt oanine-Iike; behind the latter, n short inner neries
(»f small teeth ilirocted backward ; teeth on voiuor and palatines in a single
Hories. Gill slits r.ontinnod forward to slightly beyond bases of ventrals,
and to levol of lower o<lge of base of pectorals; width between gill slits \
diamotor of eye ; psuudobrunchiii) well developed; posterior line of occipnt
midway between origin of dorsal and front of pupil or front of eye; origin
of anal fin at end of first third of length of body ; pectorals broad, with the
p«)sterior edge einarginate, some of the upper and the lower rays longer tlian
the intemtediate ones. Scales showing traces of definite arrangement in
series, widely separated anteriorly, becoming crowded toward end of tail,
continued up on the vertical tins, but not on liead, on anterior half of nape,
nor on the pectoral fins ; lateral lino very faintly shown, and for only a short
distance behind head, where its course is obliquely downward; the iisual
series of mucous pores present, but not conspicuous. In spirits this species
lias an olive-brown ground color, becoming whito on underside of head
and on abdomen; a series of 8 or 9 brown spots \ as large as eye, along
middle of sides, those posteriorly continued downward onto base of anal,
the last 2 or 3 reaching edge of fin and there developing into intense black
blotches; a similar series of smaller spots corresponding in position to
those just described occurs along the base of dorsal, these continued as
faint bars on the fin, at the margin of which they develop Into a black
lilotch, those posteriorly wider and more intense ; an intermediate series
of spots alternating with the 2 just described; an elliptical jet-black spot
occupies the greater part of caudal fin, and is narrowly margined all
around with white; peritoneum jet-black; the mouth and gill cavities
white. Coast of Alaska, in rather deep water; known from 12 speci-
mens, the longest 6^ inches; depth 204 fathoms, (barbatiia, bearded.)

Lyconema barbatum, Gilbert, Kept. IT. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 471, coast of Alaska, at
Albatross Station 3139, lat. 36° 39' 40" N., long. iaa° 01' W., in ao4 fathoms.

! i

' . I

941. BOTHROCARA, Bean.

Jlothroeara, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1890, 38 (mollis).

Body elongate, compressed, semi translucent, covered with small scales;
small teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines ; mucous pores about head
largely developed. No ventral fins; dorsal and anal joined to caudal.
Deep-sea fishes, allied to Lycodca, but lacking vontrals. The species have
been referred to the Antarctic genus Maijiua, Cuaningham. From the
latter, however, liothrocara mollis seems to be distinct, diflering in the
larger mouth, more cavernous head, and lower dorsal. In some regards
//. i)H8illa is intermediate, and it may belong to Maynea. (fioOfjoi, cavity;
HdfJiX, head.)

a. Body elongate, with the head short, 6 in length ; depth 9 ; mouth small ; mucous cavi-
ties small; color light brown, the dorsal dark-edged. pusilla, 2838.

aa. Body deeper and more compressed ; the large head 4^ in length (5^ in young) ;
depth 6}; mouth large; mucous cavities large ; color uniform brown, the vertical
fins dark-edged. Size large. mollis, 2839.

'1'Fl W'

i

I'll

2476 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

8888. BOTHBOCARA PU81LLA (Bean).

Head 6 in tho total length; depth 9. D. 95, inolndinK \ caudal; A. 81,
including \ of caudal; P. 17; eyo 3 in head; snout 4. Body elongate, little
comi>rea8od; head short; uiouth small; maxillary extending to below front
of pupil ; gill clefts narrow, the anterior end below margin of preopercle ;
width of isthmus ruther less than \ of orbit; the low dorsal beginning
nearly over axil of pectoral; pectoral nearly f as long as head; vvnt us far
from end of head as dorsal origin from tip of snout. Color light brown;
dorsal and anal with a narrow dark margin. Size small ; length 6.^ inches.
Eastern parts of Bering Sea, and about the Alaskan Peninsula, in rather
deep water. Besides the origik^al types Dr. Gilbert records a few speci-
mens from north of Unalaska, at depths of 121 to 351 fathoms, {punllun,
weak.)

Maynea pusilla. Bean, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1800, 31), ofT Nagai Island, lat. 55° 10' N.,
Ion. x6o° 18' W., in no fathoms (Type, No. 45300. Coll. Albatro$a); GiLBEBT.Kept.
IT. S. Fish Comm. 1803 (1895), 455.

2889. BOTHBOt'ABA MOLLIS, Bean.

Head 4^ in total length in adult, 5^ to 5i in young; depth 6f in adult,
10 in young. D. 100 to 105 to middle of caudal ; A. 89 to 95 to middle of
caudal ; eye 4 in head in adult, 3^ in young. Body covered with embedded
scales, which extend on dorsal and anal fins. Head naked, breast and nape
scaly; snout blunt, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching middle
of pupil, 2i in head ; large mucous cavities conspicuous along mandible,
suborbital ring, and top of head; vomerine and palatine teeth present,
the latter in a narrow band, obscure in the young. Pectoral 2 in head;
origin of dorsal slightly behind base of pectoral, its distance from tip of
snout 4 in total length ; origin of anal under seventeenth dorsal ray ; longest
dorsal ray 5 in head; longest anal ray 8^ in head. Gill openings wider
than in Bothrocara pusilla, the anterior end of thb cleft under posterior mar-
gin of eye, the width of the isthmus less than ^ diameter of pupil. Color
uniform brown, fins lighter; dorsal and anal margined with black, more
prominent posteriorly where it covers the entire fins. North Pacific.
Adult examples from southern California, 18 inches long, were described
as Maynea brunnea, while a young individual, 5i iuches long, from Queen
Charlotte Islands, with the vomerine and palatine teeth not evident, was
made the type of a distinct genus, as linthrocara mollis. The two are
identical and apparently belong to thn mwAe genus as B. pusilla. Similar
specimens, 1 adult and 2 young, weredretlgedbyus (Albatroaa) off Bogoslof
Island In 664 fathoms. Dr. Gilbert records also specimens from near
Unalaska, depth 316 fathoms. The teeth on the palatines are in a single
series instead of a wide band, as stated in the original description, (mollia,
soft.)

Bothrocara mollis, Bean, Froc. IT. S. Nat. Mub. 1890, 38, off Queen Charlotte Islands, in
876 fathoms (Type, No. 45359. Coll. AlbalroM) ; Jordan & Gilbebt, Kept. Fur Seal
Invest., 1898.

Maynea brunnea, Bban, Proc. IJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 3», lat. 33° 8' N., Ion. xx8o 40' W., off
San Clemente Island, southern California, in 414 fathoms. (ColL AlbatrosB.)

^•':-4h'-r.^^'S^Arz^<X^^'.^

^■i4;'':tf5iAHrj«.iS-sJ-';*i>*cV:.\rt...

Jordan and Evermavn.— Fishes of North America. 2477

94a. GYMNELIS, Keinhardt.

r7ymn«I{j>, Rkinhardt, Danak. VidenHk. Solhk. Af haiidl., vii, 131, IMS (DtHde).
Oepolophit, Kaup, in Archiv fur Nntiirgesch. 1866, 96 {viridU).

Body elongate, naked. Vertical tins without npineH; ventral flns none.
Hmall conical teeth on the jaws, vomer, and palatineH. Gill openings very
narrow. No air bladder ; pyloric cntca none ; no anal papilla. Si/e small.
Cold Heaa. Two or 3 species known: O. pictua, from the Antarctic, and
(}. viridis, which ranges widely in Arctic waters, and with which the very
dubious <}. stigma is probably identical, (yvftrdi, naked; e'yx^^^it ^^^•)

a. Dorsal fln inserted close behind pectoral, its distance from it mncli less tlian diam-
eter of eye ; no ocellus on dorhsl fin. viridih, 2840.
aa. Dorsal tin inserted an eye'n dii- meter behind pectoral; a large black spot, ocellated
with white, on dorsal fin above vent ; other ocelli sometimes present.

STIOHA, 2841.

2840. GTMNELIH TIBIDIS (Fabridns).

Head about 6^; depth about 13; eye 7 in head. D. 100; A. 80. Snout
Rubconical, longer than the eye; jaws equal; mouth oblique; maxillary
reaching beyond eye ; teeth rather small, conical, in a single Hcries on each
side, forming a patch anteriorly; distance from snout to vent 2i times
length of head. Pectoral rounded, inserted low, its length less than i that
of head. Dorsal fin inserted close behind pectoral, its distance from it
much less than diameter of eye. Body pale, with faint dark cross shades;
dorsal clouded but without black spot; anal dusky. Arctic seas, Alaska
to Greenland and Nova Scotia; abundant in the Arctic waters south to
Uualaska and Bristol Bay, where specimens were taken in shallow water ;
our specimens from Bristol Bay.

Ensign H. 6. Dresel records 1 small specimen (No. 28636, U. S. Nat. Mns.),
badly preserved, obtained by Mr. Newton Pratt Scndder in Davis Straits,
Jnly, 1879. Length 100 mm. D. ca. 97 ; A. ca. 80. In this specimen the
maxillary does not extend to the posterior margin of the eye, which is com-
paratively very large. Its diameter is longer than distance from tip of
snout to orbit, and is contained 4 times in head. Head 7 in total length ;
depth 12. Pectoral 2 in head, {viridia, green.)

Ophidium viride, Fabrioius, Faun. Groen., 141, 1780, Greenland.

Ophidittm unemak, JjACtptvK, Hist. ^ at. Poiss., ii, 280, 1800, Greenland ; after Fabrioius.

Gymnelis viridis, Richaruson, Last Arctic Voyage, 321, pi. 29, 1854.

Gymnelia viridis, Rbinhardt, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Af h., vii, 1838, 131 ; GUnthbr, Cat.,
IV, 323, 1862; Krotbr, Poissons da Nord, Yoy. en Scand. et Lap., pi. 15, a-f ; Collett,
Norske Nordh. Exped., Flake, 123, pi. 4, fig. 32, 1880; Jordan & Gilbert. Synopsis,
789; Gilbert, Kept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 455.

? Gymnelis pictus, GUntheb, Cat., iv, 324, 1862, no locality.

3841. GYMNELIS STIGMA (Lay & Bennett).

Head 6; depth 11. D. 90; A. 70. Form, size, and general appearance
of G. viridis, the dorsal inserted farther back, an eye's diameter behind
pectoral. A large, round black ocellus, ringed with white, oh dorsal fin
above vent ; 2 or 3 other ocelli sometimes present ; head and nape with
small white spots ; body with faint dark shades and bauds. Otherwise

w

A'

i

4.1

11:

:ti'l

m

f w

. i:\

ll,,

iM

m

m

i

2478 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

iia in ^ir. rirxAxfi, from which it may not be distinct; but the above charac-
ters appear in our specimens (from near the Pribilof Islands) and in Rich-
ardson's figure of G. unimaculatus. The white spots on the head weio
mistaken for "very small scales" in the original description of G. stigma
from Dr. Collie's notes. This description it), in substance, as follows: No
trace of ventral fins; dorsal,, caudal, and anal fins united into a trann-
parent ridge; rays of branchial covering distinct; scales very small.
Color dilute brown, with void swathes and spots; a purpliah spot neai'
beginning of dorsal fin. Snout obtuse; chin with a large gibbosity;
teeth small. Length about 5 inches. (Lay & Bennett.) Arctic regions,
Greenland to Bering Sea, with the preceding, and apparently equally
common. {6riytta, spot.) ,

Opkidium itigma, Lay & Bennett, Zool. Beecbey's Voy., 67, pi. 20, flg. 1, 1839, Kotzebue
Sound. (Coll. Dr. Collie.)

Oymnelis viridis var. unimaeulatti», Richardson, Last Arctic Voyage, 367, 1854, Northum-
berland Sound. (Coll. Edward Belcber.)

Oymnelis i. igma, GUnthbr, Cat., iv, 325, 1862; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 789, 1883.

r
1^

943- LYCOCARA, Gill.

Uroneetea, GOnthkr, Cat., iv, 325, 1862 (parrii) ; name prpoccupied in Crustacea.
Lyecsara, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1884, 180 (parrii).

Body ensiform, compressed ; tail long and tapering ; ventrals none ; vent
not far distant from the head; numerous minute teeth in jaws and on
palate; lower jaw the longer; no barbel; scales and gill openings unknown.
One species, very imperfectly known, no specimens having been obtained
by any recent collector. (/lt>«o5, wolf; wapa, head.)

2843. LTCOCABA PABBII (Robs).

Head 4. D. 50: A. 45; P. 37. Head very obtuse, its length, depth, and
breadth e(]ual ; head broader than the body, flattened and grooved be-
tween the eyes, which are lateral and rather large; lower jaw the longer;
jaws and palate with minute teeth; greatest depth of body somewhat
more than length of head; neck much arched. Dorsal inserted jnst
behind head ; pectoral extending beyond vent. Vent not ff.r distant from
head. Color uniform. BafUnsBay. (Giinther.) (Named for Capt. William
Edward Parry, the Arctic explorer.)

Ophidium parrii, 'Ross, Parry's Third Voyage, App.. 109, 1826, Baffins Bay.
Uronectet parrii, GL'nther, Cat., iv, 326, 1862; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 789, 1883.

fe !?il

944. MELANOSTIQMA, Giinther.

m. mi

■ V

li«:

Melanottigma, GI^nther, Proc. 7.no\. Soc. Lond. 1881, 21 (gelatinogvm).

This genus is distinguished from Tioihrocara by the much more elongate
teeth, which in the jaws, as well as on the vomer and palatines, stand in
single series. Gill openings nmch smaller than in related forms, reduced
to a small foramen above the bas? of the pectoral. Skin loose and mov-
able, as in L'qtaris, enveloping the vertical fins; pectorals very small;

'i .ii

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2479

yeiitralH none. Body tapering very rapidly backward ; the tail very slen.
der. Deep-sea fishes, of soft substance, allied to llofhrocara, but with
stronger tedth. (yue'Aa?, black; 6riyna, spot.)

a. Maxillary reaching beyond f: jut of pupil ; color purplish cray, becoming black on
the tail. gklatingsum, 2843.

aa. Maxillary not reaching beyond vertical from front of pupil ; color uniform duep
black. PAMMELAS, 2844.

2848. MKLANOSTIGMA GGLATINOSCM, Gunther.

Body enveloped in a loose, delicate skin, as in Liparia. Head large,
deep, compressed, with obtnse snout. Eye large, 3| in head, and longer
than snout. Cleft of mouth rather oblique, but lower jaw not projecting
beyond npper; lips not fleshy; gill onening reduced to a very narrow fora-
men above base of pectoral fin; origin of dorsal fin and root of pectoral
envelope! in loose skin of body ; dorsal fin probably commencing above
middle of pectoral, low at first, but becoming coiiHiderably higher posteri-
orly ; pectorals very narrow, consisting o^' a few rays only. Upper parts
tinged with a purplish-gray ; sides ni&rbled with same color, which toward
end of tail becomes more intf.ise, almost black; inside of mouth, gill
openings, and vent bla''L. Total length of the type specimen 5^ inches;
distance of the snout ftom the gill opening | inches, from the vent 1|
inches. (Giinther.) Deep waters of the western Atlantic; originally
known from the Straits of Magellan, but since obtained at various locali-
ties from Cape Cod to West Indies, in 500 to 1,000 fathoms. The identity
of these specimens with the original types from South America may be
questionable, (gelatinoaus, jelly-like.)

Melanoftigma yeiatinosvm, GiiHTiittft, Froo. Zool. Soc. London 1881, 21, Tilly Bay, Straits
of Magellan, in 34 fathoms (Coll. H. M. S. Alert, Dr. Coppinger) ; G".nthek, Chal-
lenger Report, XXII, 82, 1887 ; Goode & Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 20tf , 1883 ;
Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 126, 1885 ; Goodb & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 314, 1896.

2844. MELANOSTIOMA PAMMELA8, Gilbert.

Head 8 in totn.l length; depth 12^; pectoral narrow, its length 2} in
head; eye large, 3^ in head; snout short and broad, 7 in head. Well dis-
tinguished from M. gelatinosum by the wider, blunter head, the smaller,
less obliquo mouth, the uniform black coloration, 9nd the arr.;ngement of
the teeth in the jaws in 2 series. As in M. ifelatino»um, the head and
body are enveloped in a loose, thin skin, which is thrown into folds in
alcoholic specimens, and entirely conceals anterior portion of dorsal and
anal fins. On dissection the dorsal is seen to have its origin close behind
the head^ at a point over middle of pectoral fin; anal beginning imme-
diately behiiid vent, the rays of both fins enveloped in a gelatinous, sub-
cutaneous tissue. Head broad, with its greatest width equaling its
greatest depth; mttath broad, somewhat oblique, with equal jaws, the
maxillary reaching vertical from front of pnpil; each jaw with teeth in
two distinct series in front, in a single series laterally in lower jaw, the
outer teeth in front enlarged, almost canine-like. Oill op'::'"M; a small
pore above base of pectoral, its diameter about i that of eye. Color
intense black on head and abdomen, brownish black elsewhere. Length

■'■Sf

-ft

r '■^■".-

!, 1

1

■" :
\ - ] [

l^D^^R:

ri

i i

4

r-i

I'*-'

2480 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

of type 4^ incliea. Const of southern Alaska. Three other Bpecimens are at
hand from Albatross Station 3126 (lat, 36° 49' 20 " N., loag. 122° 12' 30" W. ;
depth 456 fauhoraa). In the smallest, 2^ inches long, the head and abdomen
are jet-black, but the rest of the body is only slightly dusky. (Gilbert.)
(na?, all; //f'/lag, black.)

Melanoitigtna pammeUu, Gilbert, Kept. U. S. Fish Conim. 1893 (1896), 472, pi. 35, coast
of southern Alaska, at Albatross Station 330a, lat. 36° 46' 10" N., long. i3i° 58' 45"
W., in 383 fathoms.

Family CCVII. DEREPODICHTHYID^.

Deep-sea fishes of slender body, scalcless, and without lateral line,
somewhat resembling the Zonrcido^, hnt with each ventral fin reduced to a
slander, unbranched filament, the two very closely approximate, and spring-
ing from a common projecting base located far forward, below the eye.
Gill opening a narrow, vertical slit. Character otherwise given below.
A single species known ; apparently intermediate between the Zoarcidce
and the Ophidiid^.

945. DEREPODICHTHYS, Gilbert.

Derepodiehthyi, Gilbert, Kept. IT. S. Fish Comm.1893 (1R86),456 (alejndotus).

Body slender; no scales; no lateral line; ventral fins reduced each to a
slender, unbranched filament, thetwo very closely approximate, and spring-
ing from a common projecting base, which is located far forward below
the eye, as Ophidian. Gill opening a narrow, vertical elit, little wider than
base of pectorals. Teeth cardiform, curved, few in number, in narrow
bands or irregular single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines. {Sepr/,
throat; nov^, foot; ^^flvs, fish.)

?846. DEREP0DICHTHT8 ALEPIDOTUS, Gilbert.

Head 8^ in total length; depth of head and body 2^ in head; width of
head 2Hn head ; distance from tip of snont to base of ventrals 2^ in length of
head. Distance from tip of snout to front of dorsalS i in total length, from
tip of snout to vent 3| in total. Head and body very long and slender, the
former resembling a. Lycodes in appearance, being moderately compressed,
with a flattish occiput and a gentle rounded decui'ved rostral profile.
Month slightly oblique, quite at lower side of snout; the lower jaw shorter,
fitting within the upper; maxillary and premaxillary entirely concealed
within the thick skin of the upper lip, which is directly continuous with
that of the forehea<l, the upper jaw being therefore nonprotractile ;
angle of mouth under front of pupil, its distance from tip of snout 2j| in
head. Teeth cardiform, curved, few in number, in narrow bands or irreg-
ular single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Eye small, not filling
the elongate orbit, the diameter of exposed portion of eyeball slightly
less than f length of snout, the latter 3^ in head. A series of large
mucous pores on snoot and lower part of cheeks; asecoud series on mandi-
ble ; no pores on bouy. Gill slit vertical, not continued forward, its lower
end slightly above base of lower pectoral rays; length of slit i length of

i!

•■^'~ ■;!:

Jordan and Evertnann. — Fishes of North America. 2481

head, slightly less than dintnuce between slits. Pectorals long and slen-
der, reaching halfway to vent, 1^ in head ; dorsal and anal confluent with
the caudal, concealed in the thick integument, so th.at the rays can not be
conuted. Color in spirits, light brownish, the dorsal and pectorals whit-
ish, the anal with \\ dark margin which becomes black posteriorly ; lips
dusky; abdominal rigion blue black. Coast of British Columbia. A
single specimen, 4^ inches long, dredged off Queen Charlotte Island.
(Gilbert.) (dAeffiSoiroS, scaleless.)

7)e rcpociicAt/i I/* nI«j)i<io(u«, Gilbert, Ropt. XT. S. FiHh Comin. 1803 (1896), 456, Queen Char-
lotte Island, at Albatross Station 3343, in 1,588 fathoms.

Family CCVIII. OPHIDIIDiE.

(Thk Cusk Eels.)

Body elongate, compressed, more or less eej-shaped, usually covered
with very small scales, which are not imbricated, but placed in oblique
series at right angles with each other; head large, lower jaw included;
both jaws, and usually vomer and palatines also, with villiforra or cardi-
form teeth ; premaxillaries protractile ; gill openings very wide, the gill
membranes separate, anteriorly narrowly joined to the isthmus behind
the ventrals; pseudobranchiie small. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth;
vent more or less posterior. Vertical fins low, without spines, confluent
around the tail ; tail isocercal ; ventral fins at the throat, each developed
as a long, forked barbel. Air bladder and pyloric c.eca present. To this
Dr. Gill adds the following characters, shared more or less by related
families: " Orbito-rostral portion of cranium contracted and shorter than
the posterior, the cranial cavity closed in part by the expansion and junc-
tion of the parasphenoid and frontn^.s, the supraoccipital horizontal and
cariuiform posteriorly, the exoccipitals expanded backward and upward
behind the supraoccipital, the exoccipital condyles contiguous, and wHh
the hypercoracoid (scapula, Parker) fenestrate (or foraminate) about its
center, and the hypercoracoid with its inferior process divergent from the
proscapula." Genera 7, species about 25. Carnivorous fishes; found in
most warm seas, some of them descending to considerable depths, the
j^roup especially well represented in tropical America. ( OpAidttda^, group
' iidiina, Glinther, Cat., iv, 376-380, 1862.)

<i ^oad scaly, at least above ; bo<ly covered with scales imbricated in quincunx ; snont
nsually rvith a spine at tip ; opcrcle witli or witliout spinous tip ; air bladder, so
far as known, ovate, without posterior fornmen. Lbpophidicm, 946.

no,. Head scaleless ; scales of body rudimentary, scarcely embedded.

h. Air bladder oblong-ovate, not contracted behind, and without posterior foramen.

c. Opercle ending in a flat point behind, without spine. Ophidion, 947.
i.0. Oitercle ending behind in a strong spine concealed in the skin.

Crilaca, 948.
bb. Air bladder short, thick, rcniform or orbicular, with a large foramen behind.

d. Opercle ending in a flat point, without spine. BisaoLA, 949.
dd. Opercle ending behind in a spine concealed in the skin.

OTOPHmiUM, 850.

\\

■■.H,.

•■».■!

,1

: fPJ

It

ill

2482 Btdletin ^7, United States National Museum.

946. LEPOPHIDIUM, Gill.

Leptophidium, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila. 1863, 210 (profundorum) ; name preoccupied

in Serpents by Leptophidium, Hallowell, 1860.
Lepophidium, Gill, Amer. Nat., Feb., 1895, 16 (profundorum).

Body much elongate, moderately compressed, with back and abdominal
regions arched, more compressed and slowly decreasing in heigh *> back-
ward to an abruptly rounded point; scales regularly imbricated ri .lUin-
(Minx oval, and with striie radiating backward; head with iuO'/ricatcd
scales, extending to forehead; snout high, projecting forward, and
obtiLsely rounded, armed above with a short, nearly concealed spine
directed forward and somewhat downward, obsolete in 1 species; mouth
moderate, oblique; teeth of jaws villiform, immersed in a mucous mem-
brane, separated by an interval from the longer ones in the outer row,
which are pointed and usually movable; vomer and palatines with teeth.
Deep waters of America on both coasts. Perhaps a fuller knowledge of
the species of this genus will lead to its subdivision. (A£;rog, scale ; Ophid-
ium, from the squamation.)

a. Snout without decurved hook or spine; gill rakers 8; head 5 in lengtli; depth 7;
pectorals 10; body marbled, the vertical flns edged with black.

MARMORATUH, 2846.

aa. Snout with a decurved ho<«k or spine at tip, Bonietiiues more or less concealed in
the skin.
b. Gill rakers 7 to 0 in number.

c. Head large, .*)} to 4} in length.

d. liody stoutish, the depth C in length; scales 125; no black blotch on

front of dorsal. emmeias, 2847.

dd. Body slender, the depth 9^ in length; dorsal with a black blotch in

front; scales 180. stiumatistium, 2848.

ee. Ilead moderate, 6 in length; depth 10; vertical tins black-edged.

e. Anterior teeth in Jaws movable; i>ectoral 11 in body; body without

white spots. profundorum, 2849.

ee. Anterior teeth in .jaws not movable ; pectoral 13 to 14 in body ; body

with whitish spots. cbbvinum, 2850.

bb. Gill rakers 4 in number.

/. Scales moderate, 175 to 200 in lateral line.

g. Body without dark cross bars ; dorsal and anal margined with block ;
air bladder oblong.
h. Head 4| in length ; depth 8 ; pectoral 10|. Paciflo species.

PRORATES, 2861.

hh. Atlantic species imperfectly described. brbvi iarbe, 2852.

gg. Body with dark cross bars ; dorsal npotted with block ; anal wholly

black; head 5} in length; depth 8}. pardale, 2853.

//. Scales minute, about 250 in lateral line ; head 4j| ; depth 7) to 8 ; color

nearly plain, the fins dark edged. MiCROLdPis, 2854.

2840. LEPOPHIDIUM MAKMORATIIM (Goode& Bean).

Head 5; depth 7^; eye 4 in head; suout about 5. Body somewhat
elongate, stoutish anteriorly, gradually tapering; head thickish; inter-
orbital area broad, convex, its width nearly ecpial to length of snout,
which is blunt, spineless; eye circular, somewhat exceeding length of
snout. Majullary exteudiug to vertical through posterior margin of orbit,

.■■-■ ;:•", i:.ifi JV

Jordan and Evermayin. — Fishes of North America. 2483

tho mandible far beyond, its length eqaal to that of postorbital portion of
head. Teeth on vomer and in jawa in villiform bands, tho outer series in
the latter slightly enlarged. Pseudobranchiie present; gill rakers short,
8 below angle of first nrch, the longest less than ^ diameter of eye.
Rranchiostegals 7. Ventrals as long as postorbital ■natt of head. Dorsal
origin at distance from snout ccmtainod 44^ in total length, with 28 rays in
a space equal to length of head, counting from tho. origin of the fin; anal
origin separated from snout by distance 2S- in total length; length of pec-
toral 2 in head, or 10 in total. Scales closely imbrioatod, ornamented
with delicate concentric stria*; lateral line apparently complete, located
about J distance from dorsal to ventral outline. Color ytdlowish gray,
marbled along the upper half of head and body with o\i\v. brown ; dorsal
and anal fins with black margins. Gulf Stream, in 213 fathoms. (Goode Si.
Bean.) {marmoratus, marbled.)

Lepjphidium marmoraium, Goode & Bean, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mas. 1885, 423, lat. 43° 10' 39"
N., long. 8a° ao' ax" W., in aia fathoms (Type, No. 37237, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Alba-
trots) ; Goods & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 348, 1896.

2847. LEPOPHIDIUX EMMELA8 (Gilbert).

Head 3| to 4; depth 5| to 6; eye 4f in head; snout 4|; interorbital
width?; vertebrjB 13-|-44=:57; maxillary 2J to 2^ in head; ventral fila-
ment 2f; pectoral 2 in head; scales 8-125-18 or 20 before dorsal. Body
deep, compressed. Maxillary reaching slightly beyond orbit. Jawa
slender and weak, the teeth in very narrow bands, the outer not enlarged.
Kostral ridge very sharp, bearing a flat spine at its base directed upward
and backward, terminating in a very slender sharp spine anteriorly.
Operclo ending in n weak spinous point beliind. Gill rakers short and
slender, the longos'u ^ pupil, 8 or 9 movable onea developed. Skull and
all bones of head very thin and papery. Dorsal beginning over base of
pectorals, the nape midway between its origin and middle of orbit. Dis-
tance from snout to origin of anal 1^ in distance from latter to end of tail.
Scales large, covering cheeks, operclej and top of head forward to middle
of interorbital space. Color brownish, much dusted with minute specks;
fina blackish, the vertical fins with an indistinct narrow whitish margin;
inside of mouth dusky ; the roof of mouth, lining of gill cavity, and per-
itoneum jet-black. Coast of Lower California. Many specimens, tlie
longest 9 inches, from Alhatrosn Stations 3007 and 3008, in 362 and 306
fathoms. (Gilbert.) {iv, within; jneXa?, black.)

Leptophidium emmelat, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1800, 110, coast of Lower Cali-
fornia. {Coll. Albalroat.)

m^ ^

1 1 1;
I i

'if

3. ■

i''

V-'

1'

ir

2S4S. LEPOPHIDIUM HTIOMATISTIIIHI (Gilbert).

Head 4^ in length; depth 9^; eye 4j^ in head; snout 6; '.nterorbital
width 6A; maxillary reaching slightly beyond posterior border of eyea, 2^
in head. A strong roatral spine. Outei teeth scarcely enlarged, evidently
so only in front of upper jaw. Gill rakers long and slender, strongly
curved forward at tip, the longest equaling ^ eye; 7 well-developed gill-
rakers present. Opercle ending in a rounded process, a broad soft flap

111

S;|i3 fc"

2484 Bulletin ^y. United States National Museum,

projecting beyond it. Dorsal inserted behind middle of pectorals, the
nape equidistant from front of dorsal and base of rostral spine; pectorals
2^ in head; longest ventral filament 2f in head; scales small, abont as
in L. prorates, 180 transverse series, 28 in front of dorsal, continued for-
ward on top of head to front of pupil ; cheeks and opercles scaly. Color
dusky olivaceous, lighter below; dorsal with a large black blotch on
anterior rays, the margin obscurely dusky ; anal broadly margined with
jet-black ; caudal with median rays black at base, the outer rays and the
margin light; lining of gill cavity jet-black; inside of mouth white; per-
itoneum bright silvery. A single specimen 10 inches long. Coast of
Lower California. (Gilbert.) Much resembling Z. j»rora/<!«, differing in
dentition, in gill rakers, and in color. {6Tiyna, brand; i6Tiov,%ai\.)

Leptophidium gtigmatistium, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1890, 109, off Lower Cali-
fornia, at Albatross Station 3996, in iia fathoms.

2849. LEPOPHIDIUM PROFUNDOBUH (Gill).

Head 6; depth 10. Body very slender; scales regularly arranged in
quincunx order, those on head extending to forehead, opercles, and
cheeks; snout high, projecting, armed with a concealed spinous hook;
teeth villiform, separated by an interval from an outer row of longer,
slender, movable teeth; eye longer than snout, 3^ in head; lateral line
obsolete behind; vent toward end of first third of length; ventral Ans
short; gill rakers 8. Light rufous; vertical fins margined with black.
Gulf Stream, off the coast of Florida. (Gill.) One specimen known.
(profundorum, of tlie depths. )

Leptophidium prof undorum, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 211, Gulf Stream, off the
Coast of Florida (Coll. Commodore Rodgers) ; Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology,
347, 1896.

Ophidium profundorum, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 793, 1883.

2860. LEPOPHIDIUM CERTIS[Uai (Goode & Bean).

Head about 6^; depth abont 10^; eye 4 in head; ventrals 3 in head.
Body elongate, slender; head slender, somewhat compressed; interorbital
area broad, convex, itswidtli equal to length of snout, andSf inhead; snout
sharp, conical, armed with a short but sharp spine, and somewhat over-
h nging mouth; eye much exceeding length of snout; maxillary extend-
ing nearly to vertical through posterior margin of orbit, 2f in head;
mandible extending behind same vertical, its length equal to that of head
without postorbital portion. Jaws, vomer, and palatines with narrow
hands of villiform teeth, some of which are noticeably enlarged (rot
movable), rseudobranchiiu present. Gill rakers short, 8 below angle of
first arch, 4 of which are rudimentary, the longest 5 in diameter of eye.
(In L. profundorum the gill rakers are slenderer and longer, though about
equally numerous on the first arch.) Scales in about 11 rows from the
origin of the dorsal to the median line of the body. Dorsal origin far
back, at a distance from the snout 4| in total length ; at a distance frpm
the eye equal to the head's length. (In L. profundorum this distance is ^
of the head's length and the first ray of the dorsal is nearly over the

Jordati and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2485

;tnis-,li!jpi|

middle of the extended pectoral ; in L. oervinum, over its tip, or nearly so.)
Distance of anal origin with snout 3 in total length. Length of pectoral
2 in head's length and 13 to 14 in that of body (10 in L. mannoratum, 11
in L. profandorum). Scales ornamented with radiating striie, densely cov-
ering all parts of the fish except snout, under surface of head, and the
fins; lateral line continued almost to end of tail. Color brownish yellow,
with numerous subcircular spots of white, with diameter ^ that of eye,
along the upper half of body ; vertical fins with narrow black margin.
Gulf Stream. (Goode & Bean.) A specimen from off Sand Key Light,
Florida, recorded by Mr. Garmau. {cervinita, deer-like, from the faun-
color.)

Leptophidum cervinuin, GoouE & Bban, Proi;. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1385, 422, lat. 40° 1' N., long.

690 56' W., depth 76 fathoms (Type, No. 287G4. Coll. Fuih Hawk) ; Goode & Bean,

Oceanic Ichthyology, ;)46, 1806.
Lepophidium cervinum, Garman, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Hisi. 1896, 91.

8851. L^POPHIDIUn PROBATES (Jordan & Bollman).

Head 4^^ to 4f (4| to 4i in total) ; depth 7i to S^ (Tjj to 8i) ; eye 4^ in head ;
snout 5 ; maxillary 2J ; interorbital I'i in eye ; pectoral 2J^ in hea«l ; inner ven-
tral filament shortest, the longer 2| in head. Body moderately elongate,
compressed, considerably stouter than in L. profimdoriim. Mouth large,
maxillary reaching about i pupil's length beyond posterior border of eye.
Outer teeth slightly enlarged, a little movable, those of upper jaw largest.
Gill rakers rather long and slender, i length of eye, 4 developed. Tip of
snout with a strong spine directed forward and slightly downward;
opercle without spine, ending in a flat projection covered by skin. Dor-
sal beginning over middle of pectorals, longest ray 4 in head. Scales
regularly imbricated, but very small, about 225 in a longitudinal series;
scales on top of head extending forward to base of ethmr*'! spine; sides
of head covered with small scales; lateral line not reaching end of tail.
Air bladder oblong-lanceolate. Color olivaceous, paler below; scales
rather profusely dotted with black; a pale shade across opercles ; lower
jaw, gular region, and anterior branchiostegals dusted; dorsal and anal
margined with black, the band on anal the broader; pectorals pal<\
Specimens of this species were obtained at Panama and at Albatross Sta-
tion 2801, south of Panama. Length of type 10 inches, {niioapdrrfi,
prow-bearing, from the rostral spine.)

Leptophidium prorate*, Jordan & Bollman, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 172, Panama.
(Type, No 41149, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatroii.)

8852. LEPOPHIDIUM BREVIBABBE (Cuvior).

A short decurved spine at tip of snout; teeth strong; occiput and oper-
cles scaly. Vertical fins edged with black. (Kaup.) Air bladder oblong
ovate, without contracted portion and without posterior foramen; no
single anterior bone replaced by cartilage. (Miiller.) West Indies and
Brazil; a scarcely known species; apparently close to L. prorates, but very
insufficiently described. (&red«, short; barba, hvavA.)

Ophidian hrevibarbe, CcviRB, Rd^e Animal, Ed. 2, vol. u, 358, 1829, Brazil; MCller,
Abhandl. Berl. Acad. 1843, 153, pi. 4, f. 4 ; Kaup, Apodes, 154, pi. 16, f. 1; GUnther, Cat.
Fish., IV, 379, 1862.

''0:

■i'l''
■■M

•(!■;

!■;:

! :1;

i 5

m

Ti'.

,!'•

ill

,8 f

•:■ !

i;f

2486 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

2863. L1CP0PHIDIU1II PARDALfi (Gilbert).

Head 5| in lenjjftli; depth 8^; eye 3f iu head; suoiit 4J; interorbital
1^ in eye. Body very slender, with a short head and small month;
maxillary scarcely reaching vertical from posterior border of orbit,
its length 2^ in head; ontor teeth very little enlarged, not movjible; teeth
present on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gill rakers slender, the longest i
eye, 4 developed. Tip of snont with a strong, concealed spine, as in L.
prorates. Opercle ending in a short spine. Nape midway between front
of dorsal and front of pupil ; dorual beginning over middle of pectorals,
which are 2i in head; ventral filaments very shoi-t; the inner the longer,
4J in head. Scales very small, about 200 in a longitudinal series, extend-
ing forward on top of head to middle of int(;rorbital space; cheeks and
opercles scaly. Light olive, a series of 8 black bars downward from back,
scarcely reaching lateral line, sometimes continuous with their fellows of
the other side, and alternating with smaller black spots on dorsal outline ;
below the smaller spots a series of round spots nearly as large as eye along
middle line of sides; sides and lower parts of head and body dusted with
rather coarse black specks ; dorsal light, the margin with 10 elongate black
blotches, usually longer than the interspaces; caudal dusky at bnso, its
distal half white ; anal wholly black ; peritoneum and lining of gill cavity
white. Lower California. A single specimen, length 7i inches, from A Iba-
trosa Station 3014, in 29 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (TtdpSaXt?, leopard.)

Leptophidium i>ardale, Gilbebt, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 108, off Lower California.
(Type, No. 44382. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

2864. LEPOPHIDICX MICROLEPIS (Gilbert).

Head 4f in length; depth 1^ to 8; eye 4^ to 5 in head; snout 5; inter-
orbital width 6^^; maxillary extending beyond orbit, 2^ to 2.^. Rostral
spine very strong, as in L. prorates. Outer teeth enlarged, not at all
movable, those in upper jaw largest. Four gill rakers developed, the
longest 3i in eye. Opercle ending in a short concealed spinous point.
Dorsal inserted in front of middle of pectorals, the distance from nape to
front of dorsal usually less than from nape to middle of eye; longest ven-
tral filament 3^ to 3^ iu length of head; pectorals 2^ to 2^ in head. Scales
exceedingly small, regularly imbricated, in about 250 transverse series, 35
transverse series between nape and dorsal (about 175 tiansverse rows iu
L. prorates, 25 series between nape and dorsal). Top of liead scaly as far
as front of eyes. Cheeks and opercles scaly. Color as iu L. prorates, the
lining of peritoneum and gill cavity silvery white, the former with little
or no black specking. Closely related to L. prorates, differing principally
in the much smaller scales. Gulf of California. Many specimens, the
longest 14 iuches, from Albatross Stations 3015 and 301B, in 145 and 70
fathoms. (Gilbert.) {ntxpoi, small; XeTti?, scale.)

Leptophidium microlepia, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 109, Quif of California.
(Coll. Dr. Gilbert.,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2487

947. OPHIDION (Artecli) Linnwus.
(CusK Eels.)

OphiAxon (Artedi) Linn^us, Syst.Nat., Ed. x, 259, 1758 (harbatum'S.

Ophidium, Linn^ub, Syst. Nat., £d. xii, 431, 1766, and of niuHt recent authors; chunked
spelling.

Body moderately elongate, compresaed; scalen small, usually not imbri-
cated, but arranged in short, oblique series, often ])liioed at right angles
with each other, much as in Anguilla. Mead naked; teeth villiforui, those
of the outer series more or less enlarged, noue of theui movable; teeth on
vomer and palatines bluntish, some of them enlarged. Vent well behind
pectorals. Opercle without distinct spine; sometimes (O. barbaium) a dis-
tinct spine at tip of snout. Air bladder oblong-ovate, tapering behind,
without foramen. Shore species mostly European. {Ophidium, an ancient
name, from o^iStov, a small snake.)

a. Gill rakers 4.

b. Head 4J in length ; depth 7 ; flns not dark edged. beani, 2855.

bb. Head 6 in length ; inner ray of ventral IJ in length of outer, which is shorter

than head; tins dark-edged. holbhooki, 2856.

aa. Gill rakers 6 or 7 ; head SJ to 6 in length ; depth 8 to 10; color silvery, unspotted;

fins not dark-edged ; veutrals nearly as long as head. uraellsi, 2857.

8855. OPHIDION BEANI, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 4| in length ; depth about 7. Head small, the profile not very
obtuse; suout 4f in head ; eye 3i, more than twice the narrow interorbital
space; mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to posterior border of pupil,
2 in head; lower jaw slightly included; teeth small, in narrow bands in
the jaws, the outer series iu upper jaw somewhat enlarged ; vomerine and
palatine teeth small, subequal; head naked; snout spineless; opercle
without spine; no evident pseudobranchia) ; gill rakers rather long and
strong, 4 below angle of arch; oiu^iput nearly midway between origin of
dorsal and front of eye. Air bladder long and slender, occujjying nearly
the whole length of abdominal cavity, tapering backward. Very light
olive, somewhat punctate above, slightly silvery below ; fins without trace
of dark edging (but being mutilated they may have been dark-edged in
life). Gulf of Mexico. Two speciiuens, 1 of which is in good condition
and about 4 inches long, were taken from the stomach of a red snapper,
at Pensacola. (Named for Dr. Tarleton Hofimau Bean.)

Oi)hidium grceUti, Jordan & Gilbert, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 301 ; Jordan & Gilbert,

Synopsis, 963, 1883; not of Poey.
Ophidian beani, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 43, Snapper Banks off Pen-

sacola (Coll. Jordan & Stearns. Type, No. 30868, U. S. Nat. Mus.); Jordan, Cat.

Fishes N. A., 126, 1885.

8866. JPHIDION HOLBROOKI (Putnam).

Head 6 in total length. Inner barbel nearly J length of the outer ; outer
barbel etjual to distance from center of eye to point of operculum ; maxil-
lary reaching to posterior border of eyci. Length of eye equal to dis-
tance from itc posterior mar<^in to ridge of preoperculum. Dorsal and anal

■ iir^i

ill!

m li.

2488 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

B*

14:4-4-.! ;Hi

with a black inargiii. Gill rakers 4; air bladder long, pointed, with a
foramen. (Putnam.) Length 6 inches. Gulf of Mexico; recorded from
Key West, Florida; not seen by us. (Named for Dr. John Edwards Hol-
brook, the distinguished ichthyologist of Charleston.)

^Ophidian jotephi, Oirard, U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., Icbth., 20, 1859, St. Joseph Island,
Texas; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis 793, 1883; quite us liknly to be Jliasola margi-
nata.

Ophidium holbrooH, Putnam, Froo. Itost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1874, 342, Key West, Florida ;
Jordan & Gilbert, Syuopsis, 793, 1883.

2867. OPHIDION GRAELLSI, Poey.

Head 5| in body ; depth 10; eye 3 in head; pectoral 2|(; ventral scarcely
as long as head. Body elongate, compressed ; mouth large, the maxillary
reaching to posterior margin of pupil; small teeth on jaws, vomer, and
palatines; eye very large, greater than length of snout; interorbital space
f of eye, a sharp ridge along its middle to tip of snout, where it ends in a
sharp spine; opercles unarmed; about 6 gill rakers developed on lower
part of gill arch; apparently none above; psendobranchiie small, if pres-
ent. Air bladder, injured in specimen examined, apparently lanceolate;
dorsal and anal low, confluent with caudal, which ends in a point; pec-
torals small, their ends scarcely reaching midway from their base to front
of anal; ventrals with 2 fllamentous rays, the outer scarcely as long as
head, the inner ^ as long. Color in spirits, reddish brown, with silvery
reflections on sides ; head silvery, upper part of eye black ; fins the color of
the body, with no dark edgings. Coasts of Cuba; rare. Here described
from a specimen from Havana, Cuba, 2| inches in length, sent by Pro-
fessor Poey. Poey has also sent a drawing of his original type, a much
larger specimen, which he describes as follows :

Head 5^1^; depth 8; snout rounded; eye large, 4| in head; maxillary
reaching posterior border of eye ; teeth small, slender, with a villiform
band behind them; teeth on vomer and palatines; scales small; head
scaly, except on snout ; lateral line high ; branchiostegalsT; dorsal begin-
ning over second third of pectoral, joining anal behind ; about 100 rays in
each fin ; vent a little behind first third of length. Yellowish brown, sil-
very on side of head ; no black on fins. Air bladder distinct : no pyloric
Ciooa. Intestine with 2 short turns. Cuba. (Poey.) Air bladder, gill
rakers, and ventral not described. Length 230 mm. Rare ; not reaching
a foot in length. (Named for Mariano de la P. Graells, director of the
Botanic Garden at Madrid, " comme t^nioignage de mon estime pour ses
travaux scientifiques, et pour la zele qu'il d<5ploit . . . pour I'acqui-
sition des objets et I'acclimatation des especes.")

Ophidion graeUsi, PoB'f, Memorias, ii, 425, 1860, Havana (Coll. Poey) ; Poet, Synopsis, 402,
1867.

948. CHILARA, Jordan & Evermann.

Ghilara, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fish. N. and M. A., 482, 1896 {taylori).

This genus contains a single robust species which differs from Ophidion only
in the presence of a stout concealed spine at tip of opercle ; the air bladder

m

T""

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2489

is obloug-ovale, the head naked and the snout without spine,
the modern (jlrcek name of the speeieM of Ophidioii and IUhhoIu.)

8868. CHILARA TATLOBI (Girard).

U/Aa/Ji,

■•:ll:i

Head 0; depth 8; head large, little oompressed, nuked; top of head with
conHpicuous mucous pores; dorsal fin beginning ovor the pectorals; outer
ray of ventral little more than \ length of head, inner about ^; air blad-
der ovate, not (contracted; 7 gill rakers below the angle of the arch;
pseudobranchiat developed; no spine on the end of the snout; opt-role
with u fiat spine concealed in itH membranes; outer teeth in both jaws
considerably enlarged, the u]>pur largest. Color light olive ; Iiead and upper
parts covered with conspicuous round dark, olive-brown spots ; chin dusky ;
vertical fins edged with black. Length 12 inches. Coast of California, from
Monterey to San Diego; not rare in waters of moderate depth. (Named
for A. S. Taylor, its discoverer.)

Ophidium tai/lori, GiRAKD, Pnc. R. R. Siirv., x. Fishes, 138, 1858, Monterey, California
(Type, No. 867. Coll. A. S. Taylor) ; Jordan & Uilhbrt, Syuopsis, 793, 1883.

949. RISSOLA, Jordan &■ Evermauu.

RUiola, Jordan & Evermann, Chock-LlBt Fish. N. and M. A., 483, 1896 imarginatitm).

This genus contains species agreeing with Ophidian in general characters,
but with the air bladder short, broad, spherical or kidney-shaped, with a
posterior foramen. Species chiefly of the Mediterranean. (Named for
Anastaso Risso, apothect:^ y at Nice, author of the Ichthyologie de Nice,
1810, and Histoire Natnrelle de I'Europe Mdridionale, 1826, two of the very
best of local faunal works, the foundation of our knowledge of the fishes
of the Mediterranean.)

2859. IIISSOLA MAROINATA (DeKay).

Head 6i ; depth 71 ; eye 4 in head ; maxillary reaching posttsrior margin
of orbit; air bladder short and broad, with a foramen on the under side;
upper ray of ventral about equaling length of head ; inner ray i length
of outer; gill rakers 4; color nearly plain brownish ; dorsal and anal fins
margined with black. Coast of the United States, from New York
south to Pousacola and the coast of Texas; not very common; very simi-
lar to the Mediterranean species Risaola rochii (Muller), but probably
distinct, {marginatua, margined.)

Ophidium marginatum, DeKat, N.Y. Fauna: Fish., 316, 1842, New York Harbor; Putnam,
Proc. Boat. Soo. Nat. Hist. 1874, 342; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 792, 1883.

1 0phidium jo$ephi,* GiRARD, IT. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., Zool., 29, 1859, Saint Joseph
Island, Texas; JORDAN &. GILBERT, Synopsis, 793, 1893.

* The scanty description of Ophidian iosephi agrees fairly with either JHstnla margi-
nata or Ophidian hotbrooki, and may be either. The following is tlie substunce of
(jrirard's account:

" Head U in length ; eye moderate, 4 in head ; maxillary extending to opposite its poste-
rior margin ; origin of dorsal at some distance behind oase of pectorals. Body shorter
and pectorals more elongate than in O. taylori. Pale olive, sprinkled all over with
brownish specks; belly and sides of head plain; vertical fins edged with bliick."

3030 ^79

:i:b

•ir

'm

■'!■:

■'■^'■>M

mm

I

\'=

li

^^H:

I i

11

<m'^

i !

■i I

■ •;; »J-1... iiiiiil.av.

.tfKfA-i-.JiS.*.

y A '..•,--

I-''

1

'!•' •

1
l

1 ;^

5^ ¥

1

,^' ;!*•

2490 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

I ■ - . ■ ^

950. OTOPHIDIUM, Gill.

Oloj>hidhiin, Gill, iu Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 126, 1885 (omoitigma).

This ^euus differs from Ophidion, in tho form of the air bladder, which
is short, thick, and with a largo foramen (not examined in O. galeoidea).
Tho opercle ends in a concealed spine as in Chilara. Species American, so
far iiH known, (ou; dtroi, ear; Ophidiuvi.)

a. Gill rakers 4.

b. Head long, 4^ to 4) in length ; depth 5| to 6.

e. Scapular region with a Jet-blaok spot ; pseiidobranchiw little developed ;

ventrals | luuf^th of head ; maxillary IJ in head. omostiumum, 2800.

re. Scapular region without jet-blaok spot; pseudobranohiw well developed;

ventrals with tlie inner ray longest, i head; body with dark cross

bands. indefatioabilk, 2861.

bh. Head ini>derate, 5) in body; depth 0; a pale spot before dorsal; pale spots

along lat«ral line; ventral i head. qalboidks, 2862.

2860. OTOPHIDIUM 0M08TI0HVM (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 4jt in length ; depth abont 6. Body comparatively short, highest
at occiput, thence tapering rapidly to tip of tail ; upper protilo of head
very convex; snout blunt; mouth horizontal, the lower jaw included;
maxillary not quite reaching posterior border of orbit; teeth iu jaws uni-
form, Htrongly incurved, in rather broad bands ; a single series of small
teeth on vomttr, those on paLitines minute ; maxillary 1| in head ; eye large,
3 in head, much larger than snout, equaling twice interorbital width;
opercle terminating in a strong, compressed spine, the length of which is
about J diameter of Qupil; gill rakers very small, 4 bslow on anterior
arch. Longest ventra: lilanient | length of head; the shorter f length of
louf^er. Distance from origin of dorsal to tip of snout 3^ in total length ;
distance from origin of anal to snout 2^ in total length. Scales minute,
embedded. Psendobranchio; probably present (type reexamined by us).
Air bladder short, thick, with a large posterior foramen. Color light olive
green, silvery on belly, cheeks, and lower side of head ; sides above with
a few irregular large, scattered, dark blotches, about 9 of these along
base of dorsal fin ; an intensely black, round blotch on scapular region,
rather larger than pupil; dorsal with black blotches; anal largely black;
upper half of eye black, lowiir half bright silvery. Gulf of Mexico. A
single specimen, 3^ inches long, taken from the stomach of a red snapper,
at the Snapyter Banks off Pensacola. (cJ/io;, shoulder; driyjua, spot.)

Oenypterut o aostigma, Jordan & Gilbbrt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 301, Pensacola
Snapper Banks (Coll. Jordan & Steams. Type, 29670, TJ. S. Nat. Mus.); Jordan &
Gilbert, Synopsis, 963, 1883.

Otophidium omostigma, Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 345, fig. 305, 1896.

2801. OTOPHIDIUM INDEFATIOABILE, Jordan & Bollman.

Head 4Sf (4^ in total); depth of (5^); eye large, 3 in head ; snout 4. Body
rather short, compressed, width of nape 2^ in head. Month large; maxil-
lary reaching to opposite posterior margin of pupil, l;!^ in head ; outer row
of teeth of each jaw very slightly enlarged. Interorbital space 2 in eye;
interorbital area with a thin crest under the skin, this ending iu 2 com-

Jorda n and Everma n n . — Fishes of North A m erica . 2491

-•(H

pressed spines, 1 taming forwanl, the other backward uver iront of eye,
these spiiieH concealed by the skin, (till riikcrs short an<l thick, lesH thau
I pupil, 4 developed. Dorsal btiginning at end of anterior third of pecto-
rals, longest ray 3Hn head; pectorals 2 in Iioad; inner ventral iilauitait
longest, 2 in head. Air bladder short and thick, with a foraiuou. Scales
very small, more or less imbricated on body; head naked. Opercle with
a sharp, partly conceale<l spine. l*8eudobranchiie present. Color pule
yeUowish brown, silvery on belly and Hides of head; back witl» about 12
irregular dark cr^ss bauds, the alternate ones being narrower and broken
up into spots, 2 before tlorsal ; a few scattered spots about us large us pupil
on sides, these most distinct about the shoulder; di*rsal pale, lirst rays
black, and with 3 or 4 other black blotches on upper part; anal black,
margined with white; pectorals pale, as.il dusky; caudal and posterior
part of anal pale; chin pale. A single specimeu obtaiued at Indefatigable
Island, Galapagos Archipelago. Length 4 inches, {indefatigabilia, tireless.)

Otophidium indefatiqahile, Jordan & Bollman, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mua. 1889, 172, Indefati-
gable Island, in the Galapagos Archipelago. (Type, No. 44303. Coll. Aloatrost.)

S862. OTOPHIDIUM GALEJIDES (Gilbert).

Head 5^ in length; depth 6. D. 125. Maxillary reaching beyond pupil,
2^ in head; snout 4f ; eye 3j|^. Gill rakers short and broad, 4 of them
developed. Opercle ending in a sharp ccucealod spine. Outer teeth little
enlarged. Dorsal beginning over middle of pectorals, the nape equidis-
tant between front of dorsal and tip of 8u«)iit Caudal very short and
bluntly rouutied, as in Chilara taylori, the rays not projecting beyond dor-
sal and anal; pectorals If in head; ventral filament | head. Scales as
in C. taylori, not at all imbricated, aiTanged with their long axes fre-
quently at right angles to each other; head naked. Color light olive,
without bars, a narrow dusky streak along base of dorsal, and a round
light spot at origin of dorsal ; a series of small olive-brown spots along
lateral line, with a few scattering spots below it but none above ; nape
and head without spots; vertical tins translucent; dorsal with a large
black blotch on tip of anterior rays, the fin behind this narrowly edgt^d
with black, which does not surround the caudal; anal with much silvery-
white pigment anteriorly on distal portion, becoming dusky behin<l ; pec •
torals translucent, edged with white bel«)w; peritoneum, buccal, and gill
cavities white. Closely related to Otophidium iiidefatigabile, differing in
color, and in the much shorter head, smaller mouth, less imbricated scales,
the more posterior insertion of dorsal, and the absence of spines on head.
Air bladder not examined. Pseudobranchias present. Gulf of California.
One specimen, 5^ inches long, from Albatross Station 3025, in 9| fathoms.
(Gilbert.) (yaXi), shark; c/So?, appearance.)

Olophidion galeoidet, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 110, Gulf of California, lat.
3,0 ji' 15// N., long. H3° 59' W. (Type, No. 44381. Coll. Albatross.)

Family CCIX. LYCODAPODID^.

Deep-sea fishes allied to the Fierasferidw, differing chiefly in the nornttal
position of the vent, which is remote from the head, and just before the

.11; '

i

II

im,

':$\- -'M

!,1 ■■

,

i

■ ■

. 1

2492 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

anal fin ; gill opuuings large, the membranes united anteriorly only, free
from the iHthrans, as in Fierasfcr. Pseudobranchia? wanting ; no scales;
no lateral line ; no ventral fins. One genus with 4 known species, from the
North Pacific.

951. LYCODAPUS, Gilbert.

Lyeodapus, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 107 ifieratfer).

Body naked. Ventrals wanting. Vertical fins united around the tail.
Gill openings wide, continued forward under the throat; the gill meui-
braues anteriorly narrowly united, loosely joined to the isthmus by a fold
of lax skin. Branchiostegals 6. No pseudobranchiie. Gills 4, a wide
slit behind inner arch. Gill rakers developed. Teeth present in jaws and
on vomer and palatines, none of them enlarged. Vent remote from the
throat. {Ly codes; aitov;, footless.)

a. Body slender, tbe depth 8 to 11 in length.
h. H'md rather large, 4J to 5} in length.

c. Head, body, and hus with very many mucous pores ; dorsal rays 70 ; anal 60.

DEKMATINU8, 2803.

cc. Head, body, and tins with very low mucous pores ; dorsal rays 82 ; aiial 70.

FIERASFEB, 2864.

lb. Kviiil smtdl, Ti in leugtli ; gill oi>euing8 not extending above base of pectorals.

PAHVICEI'8, 2865.

aa. Body very slender, the depth about 15 in length ; dorsal rays about 100.

EXTEhSUS, 2866.

8808. LYt'OOAPUS DERHATINU8, Gilbert.

Head 4| ; depth IJ in head ; eye 5 in head ; snout 4 ; maxillary 2jt. D. 70 ;
A. (50. Aery similar to L.fivrasfer, but the head, body and fins covered
with a thick loose skin which contains numerous pores, or openings for
the nnicous canals. One series of these runs along middle of sides and
forms the lateral line; it rises anteriorly above the gill opening, and is
ctmtinued forward on top of head, the two meeting between eyes; a
second series runs between eye and upper lip, and curves around on
middle of cheek, running upward to behind eye: one series runs along
a fold bordering mandible, 1 along preo])ercuiar margin, and 1 on
opercle. In L. fieraafvr a few pores are visible on mandible, and 1 or
2 can fre«iuently be made out on preoptTCular margins. The skin is very
thin and delicate, and the fin rays are very evident through the mem-
brane. The general proportions and the dentition of the type are essentially
as in L.Jieraafer, but the vomerine teeth are long lind hooked backward.
Mandible heavier than in L. fitrasfer. Origin of doi'Hal vertically above
axil of pectorals. Leixgth of head and trunk i total length. Teeth in
narrow bands in the jaws, a single series on vomer and palatines. Gill
membranes very narrowly joined below and (rev, from thi isthmus, as in
L. fieraafer. Pectorals much longer than in L. fiiraafvr. General color in
spirits light brownish yellow, made somewhat dusky by the pigment spots
in the skin ; body, and especially tbe fins, darker posteriorly. Aleutian

W

wr

--T»t:;

Jordan and Evermann — Fishes of North America. 2493

Islands, in deep Abater. Only the type known, an example 4| inches lon^.
(Sepfia, skin; dei'maiinua, skinny.)

I/yeodapus dermatinus, Gilbert, Kept. TJ. S. Fish Coinni.1803 (1896), 471, pi. 35, Aleutian
Islands, lat. 37° 54' 10" N., long. 123° 30' W., at Albatross Station 316a, in 55a fathoms.

28A4. LT€0I)AP1I8 FIERASFKR, Gilbert.

Head 5A; depth 10; eye 4^ in head; Huont 3^; maxillary 2 to 2i. D. 82;
A. 70. Body compressed, elongate, tapering ratlier rapidly backward, the
tail not prodnced to a filament; head Aat above, the checks deep, verti«'al,
the mouth very obliqne, with the lower jaw slightly the longer and nearly
entering the upper profile; skull very thin and papery, translucent; Jaws
weak ; gape of mouth wide, the maxillary reaching vertical from behind
fi.. nt of pupil; teeth all s*aall, in a very narrow band in jaws, in a
single series on vomer and palatines; interorbital width 'i of eye; snout
broad, depressed, spatulate, its tip prominent, turned upward, the upper
profile thus longitudinally concave ; an evident median ridge on snout and
interorbital space; gill slitH continued forward below to vertical from
middle of eye, the membranes united for a distance equaling diameter of
pupil; gill rakers short, less than diameter of pupil, stnmgly toothed,
iibout 10 on horizontal limb of arch ; head without conspicuous mucous
por?i8 or cavities. Dorsal beginning well forward, its distance frou) occi-
put slightlj' less than that from occiput to nostril. Dorsal and anal rays
slender, all .orticulated, branched only at ti]>s; caudal not distinct, tlie
rays springing from end of tail not projecting beyond the others; origin
of anal immediately behind vent, its distance from snout nearly equal-
ing i total length; pectorals narrow, varying in length, about 2^ in head.
Body and fins invested in a rather lax transparent skin, without traces
of scales. Color, body translucent, dusted with black specks ; abdomen
blackish; lips, inside of mouth, lining of gill cavity, and peritoneum jet-
Idack; iris silvery. (Gilbert.) North Pacific. The types, several speci-
mens, the longest 5^ inches, from Albatross Stations 2980, 3010, 3072, off
Lower California, in 610 to 1,00.5 fathoms. Also taken near Unalaska in
109 fathoms. (Fierasfer, the pearifish.)

Lyeodapui fleragfer, Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mna. 1800, 108, ofT Lower California, in 610
to 1,005 fathoms (Coll. Dr. Gilbert) ; Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 234, pi. 23.

8S«6. LY<!ODAPIJS PARVIOEPS, Gilbert.

Head 7j^ ; depth 11 ; cy»> 4Jt in head ; snout 3J ; least interorbital width 5 ;
maxillary 2^ ; pectoral 2J. I). 100; A. about 85 (both counted to middle
of caudal); P. 9; no ventrals. Upjier profile of head nearly strnight, not
longitudinally concave as in L. Jierasfer; hesid deeper and narrower, the
snont less spatulatc ; skin thicker. A conspicuous series of pores on man-
dible and along preoper«'alar margin; gill slit very oblique, extending
anteriorly as far as vertical from ey< , the membranes then narrowly united,
free ftom the isthmus except at extreme front; gill slit superiorly much
more restricted than in L. fiera»fer, not extending above base of p«H-toral8,
while in tlie latter it extends above them for ^ diameter of eye. Mouth

ii'ii

M

ii

' ■■'■ **■:;

m vm

m

;'|i!:;

. ;;<!

m

! ^rtil
■■I SUM

I

I

■■A

I*

lii

lit

m

•I

■ i

2494 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

oblique, maxillary reaching vertical from middle of eye; jaws even at tip,
the mandible slij^htly included laterally; mandibular teeth in a moderate
baiiJ anteriorly, the inner series enlarged, narrowing posteriorly to a sin-
gle row; prcniaxillary teeth of uniform size, in a narrow band through-
out; vomer with 4 canine-Iikc teeth; palatine teeth small, in a single
close-set series. Distance from origin of doisal to occiput slightly iesH
than that from occiput to posterior nostril ; head and trunk contained Z\
in tail. Body brownish in spirits, fins whitish, translucent; everywhere
dusted with black specks; tail and fins distinctly blackish posteriorly;
orbit blackish above; gill cavity ' silvery, blackish anteriorly; mouth
blackish, except anteriorly; peritonenni black, the color not showing
through the abdominal wall. Similar to L.fierasfir, differing in the much
smaller head, longer, slenderer body, the thicker skin with more evident
mucous pores, and in the more restricted gill openings. Aleutian Islands,
in moderately deep water. Only the type known, a specimen about 5
inches long. (Gilbert.) (|)arr««, small; -ccp«, head.)

tLycodapus parviceps, Gilbert, Kept. IT. S. Fiab Comin. 1893 (1896), 455, north of Unalaska
Island at Albatrosa Station 3334, in 109 fathoms. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

2866. LY€ODAPUS EXTEN8U8 (Gilbert).

Head 6f ; depth 1.5^; eye 4^ in head; snout 3*; interorbital width 1^ in
eye; pectoral 2f in head. 1). 96 (the extreme end of the tail wanting).
Gill openings as in L. fieraafer, extending well above base of ventrals.
Skin thin, the mucous pores inconspicuous, evident on mandible and
along margin of preopercle. Upper profile of head longitudinally con-
cave, shaped as in L. fiei'aafer, but slenderer, its depth greater than that
of body. Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from middle
of eye, 2\ in head. Teetli in narrow bands in each jaw, tapering
laterally to single series ; vomerine teeth more numerous than in L.
parviceps or L, fieraaftr, small, not canine-like, in a single series; pala-
tine teetli wanting, as in some individuals of L. fieraafer. Occiput mid-
way between front of dorsal and anterior nostril; pectorals slenderer
and longer than in L. fieraafer. Head and trunk contained 2? times in tail.
Color light brownish, the black peritoneum visible through the skin of
the abdomen ; mouth and gill rsivity largely dusky ; a narrow dark-brown
streak along base of dorsal and anal, occupying, toward tip of tail, the
entire height of both fins. An extremely slender elongate form, with
head smaller than L. fieraafer, but otherwise resembling that species more
than L. parrieepa. Aleutian Islands, in rather deep water. Only tlie type,
a specimen 4 inches l<mg, known. (Gilbert.) {exienaua, stretched out.)

I^ycodalepis exUnxut, Gii.iibrt, Kept. IT. S. Kisli Coiiiin. 1893 (1890), 455, north of Unalaska,
at Albatross Station 3334, in 109 fathoms. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

Family CCX. FIERASFERID^.

(Thk I^earl-Fishks.)

Body elongate, compressed, tapering into a long and slender tail ; no
scales; teeth cardiform, on Jaws, vomer, and palatines; canine teeth often
present; no barbels; lower jaw included ; vent at the throat; gill mem-

-yf.--/.y.''j>rr^, : .»= ^•. .■•^'.vfTjfr-^y/y-^ffj-ir-'

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North Ametica. 2496

braDes somewhat united, free from the isthmas ; no psendobranchiiu ; no
pyloric caeca; vertical fins very low, confluent, without Hpines; no ven-
tral fins; pectoral fins present or absent. Small shore fishes of tropical
seas, often living in shells of moUusks, cchinoderms, etc, being especially
often commensal with the pearl oyster and with the larger Holoihuria.
Genera 3; species 12. {Ophidiida;, group Fieraafenna, Giinther, Cat., iv,
381-384, 1862.)

a. Pectoral fins present ; no distinct caudal ilu; gill membranes coniiected anteriorly
only. FiBBASFER, n52.

95a. FIERASPER, Cuvier.

Piera^er, Cuvier, Rdgne Anim., Ed. 1, ii, 239, 1817 Kirnberhe--ae\u),
Echiodon, Thompson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1837, 55 {drummondi).
Diaphaaia, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1843, 02 {aeus).
Oxybele$, Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 74, 1844-48 (homei).
I'orobronehuM, Kaup, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860, 272 (larva of Fierasfer acu*).
CarapH*, " Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1864, 152 (aft*r Kafinesque, 1810 ; not type).
Vexillifer, Gasco, Bull. Assoc. Nat. Me<l. Napoli 1870, 59 (larva of Fierasfer aeus).
L^royia, Jones, Zoologist, ix, 1874,3838 (hemiudensxa).

Gill membranes little connected, leaving tho, isthmus bare. No distinct
caudal fin ; pectoral fins developed. The species of this genus are not well
known, and their characters and nomenclatiires are uncertain. It is not
unlikely that the American species are all reducible to one, Fierasfer affinia
or dubius, but our scanty material will not justify us in taking this view.
(Fierasfer, the ancient name, from ^ispdc, sleek and shining.)

a. Vomer with canine teeth; pectoral about ^ length of head.

{*. Front teeth of upper Jaw enlarged; head 7 to 8 in length ; depth 11| to 15 times

in length of bwly. affinis, 2867.

bb. Front teeth of upper jaw not enlarged; head 6^ in length; depth about 10}

times in length of body. ahenkola, 2868.

aa. Vomer with small teeth, scarcely canine-like ; pi^ctoral about 2} in liead ; hcml 7 to

8} in bmly. bermudbnsis, 2869.

28«7. FIERASFER AFFINI8t (Giinther).
(Pbarl-Fish.)

Read 7^; depth of head 15. Maxillary extending slightly beyond orbit;
lower teeth larger than the upper, except 2 to 4 front teeth of upper jaw,
which are about equal to lower teeth ; vomer with 3 to 6 teeth, 2 or 3 of

* The name Garapus, Raflnesque, has been substituted for Fierasfer by Gill and Poey.
This change seems to us notjustitiable, as it is certainly not desirable. iMie name Cara-
pu,') first appears in Kntinosque's Indice d'lltiologia Siciliana, 57, 1810. No type is men-
tioned by Katinesque, but the diagnosis is taken irom that of Lac^piVde'sseconcI subgenus
under Gymnotttt, which contains tlie three 8|iecles, carapo. fieranfer, and longirostratut.
Of these species, carapo is the original Linnwan type (Ed. x) of the genus Oymnotns.
Garapus sliould therefort be regarded as a synonym of Oi/mnotus. Tlie liraxiliun name
carapo evidently aiiggestod the word C'arapuf, although Dr. Gill derives the name from
Kapa, head ; airouf , footless, an ex post facto distinction from Ophedion. In a list of Sicil-
ian (IsheB, on page 37 of Uaflnesque's Indioe, published soniewiiat later, tlie name Gara-
pus aeus appears for Fierasfer aeus. This reierenco of a siiocies of Fierasfer to Gymnolus
or Garapus was due to Uaflnesque's ignorance of its relations.

t In the Museum of Comparative I^oology is "one valve of a pearl oyster, in which a
specimen of Fierasfer dubius is beautifully inclosed in a pearly covering, dep<i"'tod on it
by the oyster." (Putnam.)

■m

liii

if

'N^: - SB;-

jir

! J.;i

Hi

2496 Bulletin ^7, Utiited States National Museum,

these canine-like. Pectoral ^ head ; vent under base of pectoral. Dorsal
fin low, but distinct ; anal much more developed than dorsal, its longest rays
iibout in the middle of the fish. Air bladder long, slightly constricted
behind. Gill membranes not covering isthmus. Color in spirits, uniform
light brown, with a short silvery band along the sides of the abdomen
mad*', by conlluent spots. (Putnam, description of /*'• dfifttMs.) Panama;
especially common among tlte Pearl Islands, chiefly in shells of pearl
oysters. This species should jirobably stand as Fierasfer affinis.

The following notes are from numerous specimens, 3 to 4 inches long,
from Pearl Islands, collected by Prof. Bradley, these also being types of
Fierasfer dubiua: Head 6| to 7^^; eye 4^ to 5 in head. Teeth in upper jaw
small, acute, in a rather narrow band; sometimes a few in the front of the
jaw inc«m8picuou8ly enlarged; those in lower jaw and on palatines conic,
blunt, in somewhat wider bands, tlie outer series of lower jaw enlarged,
canine-like; vomer with a narrowly oblong patch of small, blunt teeth,
surrounding a median series of 3 to 6 conspicuously enlarged, retrorsely
curved canines, which are usually much the largest teeth in the taiouth.
Two specimens from Albatross Station 3021, Lower California, agree in
general with the above account: Head 7i; depth 11^; eye 4; 2 upper
teeth on each side somewhat enlarged, about as large as lateral teeth on
mandibles; vomerine i-anines larger. Professor Putnam refers also to
FUrasfvr duhius specimens from Key Biscay ne, Florida (Coll. Theodore
Lyman); Tortugas (('oil. Gustav Wiirdemann) ; Cape Florida (Coll.
Wiirdemann), and New Providence, Bahama (Coll. F. G. Shaw). These
specimens apparently belong rather to Fierasfer bermudensia, if that species
be different, (affinis, related, to Fierasfer acus.)

f Fieranfer affinis* GOnther, Cat., iv, ^581, 1862, no locatitj- given.

Pieranfer dubius, Putnam, Proc. Boat. Sop. Nat. Hist. 1874, 344, Pearl Islands (Coll. Prof.

Frank H. Bradley); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882,629; Jordan &,

Gilbert, Synopsis, 791, 1883.

m

2868. FIERAKFER AREMCOLA, Jordan &. Gilbert.

Head 6.V in length ; depth lOi; eye 5 in head; snout 5. Body with nape
slightly elevated, thence tapering regularly to the tail. Snout blunt,
rounded, protruding; mouth subinferior, nearly horizontal, large,
the lower jaw included; gape wide, the maxillary | length of head,
extending bey<md vertical from orbit; teeth in upper jaw very small,
acute, in a narrow band, none of them enlarged; those in lower jaw and
on vonu'r blunt, coni<', in a wide band; those in outer series acute; a
few on each side of mandible and 2 or 3 anteriorly on vomer, enlarged,
canine-like. Gill openings very wi«le, the branchiostegal membranes
little united, leaving nearly all of isthmus uncovered ; the membranes

* t^era^fer ajftnii, Giinther, is thus described :

" The leni;th of tliu IiVtad is J of tlie total ; its greatest width is nither less than J of its
length. Gill openings rather wide, the united gill membranes leaving the greater por-
tion of the isthmus uncovered. Teeth cardiforni; a ]>air in front of the upper Jaw, a
series on the side of the lower, and several others on the vomer larger than the rest.
Dorsal fill low but very distinct. The length of the pectoral nearly J that of the lieiid.
(This species is) similar to F. acun, but with a very ditl'ercnt dentition.'' (Giintber.)
I)(*scribed from a s]>ecimen 8 inches long, from unknown locality. This description, so
far as it goes, agrees with tHera^f$r dubius, but the specimen may not be American.

titt I

Jordan atid E nermann. — Fishes of North America. 2497

united as far back only as vertical from end of maxillary; upercle adher-
ent above the upper angle, which is produced in a point extending above
the base of pectorals ; below the angle the opercular margin runs very
obliquely forward. Eye large, greeter than interorbital width. Origin
of dorsal tin distant from nape by the length of the head, the fin a very
inconspicuous fold anteriorly, becoming higher posteriorly, where the
rays are evident ; anal well developed along entire length, beginning
immediately behind vent and running to tail, its rays visible; caudal
exceedingly short; pectorals very well developed, more than | length of
head; vent just in front of base of pectorals. Head and body perfectly
translucent; a faint silvery luster on middle of sides anteriorly; a few
inconspicuous small light yellowish spots along middle of sides (disap-
pearing in alcohol) ; tip of tail dusky ; upper margin of orbit black. Pa-
cific coast of Mexico. A single specimen, 3J inches long, was found buried
in the sand at low tide on the beach at Mazatlan. This specimen may be
identical with Fieraafer dtibius, but it is more robust than Putnam's types,
with longer head and without enlarged teeth in upper jaw. It may be
regarded as distinct, pending investigation, (arena, sand ; colo, I inhabit.)

Fierasfer arenicola, Jokdan & Gilbert, Pioc. U. b. ITat. Mus. 1881, 363, Mazatlan.
(Type, No. 29244. Coll. C. II. Gilbert.)

8860. FIRBASFKR BERMUDENSIS (Jones).

Head 8^ in length; eye 4, longer than snout; mouth large, the maxillary
reaching beyond orbit; pectoral 2i in head. Teeth Hniall, acute, unise-
rial, 3 in a line on the vomer ; palatine teeth small.* Color pale brownish,
a bluish streak crossing the nape between the opercles, 4 pale points on
the back. Vertebrie 100. Length 140 mm. West Indies. This descrip-
tion (by Poey) from a specimen taken in the stomach of a holothurian at
Havana. Others are recorded from Key West and St. Thomas, the latter
from an oyster; not seen by us; doubtfully distinct from Fierasfer dubius
or affinia, but the vomerine teeth .»aid to be smaller.

ICarapus affinity Poey, Synopsis, 402, 1867; not Fierasfer affinis,GiViT/nnKR.

Lefroyia bermudensis, JoNES, Zoologist, IX, 1874, 3838, Bermuda.! (Coll. General Lefroy.)

*In another specimen, according to Poey, the teeth are Tilliform, with an enlarged
series outside, the lower teeth laraeat, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh largest; teeth on
vomer small, acute, in a row : palatine t«eth bluntish.

t Fieratfer bermvdenitiit (Jones) was thus originally described:

" Total length rather more than 44 inches. Greatest depth at the vertical of the pec-
torals ^ lines. The length of the head is slightly more than f of the total length. i"he
greatest width of the head rather less than ^ of its length, liody nakeil, attenuate, com-
pressed. Facial outline rugose. Eye moderate; horizontal diameter of eyecup 1} lines;
v»?rtical diameter 1 4 lines. (Jape of the mouUi ovoid. Lower J aw shorter and received
within the upper. Cardiform teeth of irregular si/.o in both Jaws, vomer, and palatines,
those of the latter largest. Hranchiostegiils 7, inflated, united lielow. Vent thoracic.
Pectorals originating at the u])per angle of the operculum, 3 lines in extent, and composed
of very delicate soft rays. Dorsal indistinct, commencing in a groove about the vertical of
the twentieth anal ray, continuous to caudal extn^me, where, in coitjunction with the anal,
it forms a small tilamentous tip. Anal prominent, commencing immediately behind the
vent in advance of the vertical of the upper angle of the operculum, and extending to
the caudal extreme. About its center it is equal in depth to that of the body at same
position. Owing to the delicate texture of the tins it is impossible ti» ascertain certainly
the number of rays, but those of the anal exceed 14(1. Color, when driedout of spirits,
golden yullow ; the body transparent, showing the vertebrte within ; a condition, ac(U)rding
to Lefroy, ei|iuilly observable in life.

" I ]iro|»ose to publish it as Le/royia bermudenHt, in compliment to the gp.llant olHcer to
whom I am indebted for the specimiMi." (J. Matthew Jones.)

This species is probably identical witli the one called ajinin by Poey.

I.'

w

I!* '

M

m

2498 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

Family CCXI. BROTULIDJi:.

(The Brotuloid Fishes.)

Body elougated, compressed, regularly tapering behind, the tail generally
snbtriincate ut base of caudal fin, not isocercal; vent snbmedian; scales
cycloid and minute, embedded in the lax skin, which more or less envelops
the tins, sometimes wanting; gill openings very large, the membranes
mostly free from the isthmus; vertical fins united or contiguous at base of
caudal; dorsal fin commencing not far from nape; caudal narrow ur
pointed ; ventral fins small, few-rayed, attached to the humeral arch and
more or less in advance of ]>ectoral. Pyloric catca few (1 or 2), rarely
obsolete or in increased number (12); maxillaries generally enlarged
behind and produced toward their upper angle. (Gill.) PseudobranchiiB
small or wanting, hypercoracoid with the usual foramen, as in Blennioid
fishes. These fishes are closely related to the Zoarcida. In spite of various
external resemblances to the Gadidce, their affinities are rather with the
Blennioid forms than with the latter. Genera about 45, species about 100 ;
largely of the depths of the sea ; 2 species degenerated into blind cave fishes.
We have not had material for any elaborate study of these fishes and fol-
low closely the arrangeniment given by Goode & Bean. {Brotuloida, Gill,
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 252, and 1884, 175.)

BhOTDLIN^ :

a. Snout and lower jaw each with well-developed barbels; vertical fins united; teeth
on vomer and palatines.
b. Ventrals each reduced tu a bifid filament. Brotula, 95».

aa. Snout and lower jaw without barbels.

LUCIFUOIN/K:

e. S])ecie8 blind, dwelling in fresh-water streams in caves ; barbels replaced by
cilia.
d. Palatines with strong teeth ; teeth in lower jaw strong. Stygicol/., 954.
(Id. Palatines toothless; teeth in jaws villiform. Lucifuoa, 955.

ec. Species marine, the eyes usually well developed.
Brosmophycin^ :
e. Caudal fin differentiated, on a distinct caudal peduncle.

/. Snout and lower jaw with small ciliu ; head naked, or nearly so.

Bkosmophycis, 956.
//. Snout and lower jaw without cilia; head more or less scaly.

OOILBIA, 957.

ee. Caudal fin not differentiated, without distinct peduncle.
Bythitin^ :
g. Yentrals inserted on the isthmus, not far from the humeral
symphysis.
h. Pectorals normal, simple ; eyes present.

i. Lateral lino present posteriorly, but broken in the middle;
palatines with teeth; ventrals a pair of filaments each
of '2 closely united rays. Bythitks, 9.'>8.

it. Lateral line obsolete posteriorly.
j. Ventrals each of a single ray.

k. Lateral line distinct on fr«nt of body.

{. Preopercle without spines; head scaly (ex-
cept snout) ; operole with a single spine ;
vent median. Cat^tyx, 959.

i I

(Ml.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2499

^!:

\ -\m

U. Preoperole with 3 or 4 apines, ojierole with a
Bingle one ; head partially naked.

ViCROHITA, 960.
Kk. Lateral line obsolescent, almost, or quite inrisi-
ble; operolo with a feeble spine; head
smooth ; eyes small,
m. Ventral consisting of a single ray.

Bassozktus, 961.
mm,. Ventral bifid. M(KBIA, 062.

jj. Ventrals each of a pair of rays.

n. Caudal fin exserted, but conHueut witli anal and
dorsal,
o. Head scaly.

■p. Preoperole with small spines at its
angle, opercle with 1 spine.

Neobythiths, 963.
pp. Preopercle unarmed.

q. Operclo with 2 spines; vrntrals
close together.

Benthocometes, 964.
qq. Opercle with 1 strong spine;
ventrals far apart.

Uassooioas, 965.
wn. Caudal not confluent with vertical fins, but
without distinct peduncle; tenth on jaws,
vomer, and i)alatiue8 in villifurm bands;
preopercle nnarraed ; head scaly,
r. Operclo with a flat spine ; snout much pro-
duced and dilated; lateral line very
indistinct (or absent?).

Babathrodemus, 966.
rr. Opercle a triangular flap, unarmed ; lower
pectoral rays prolonged, the lowest
filamentous. Ne...atonu8, 967

Hi, Lateral line represented by 3 rows of pores — dorsal, lat
eral, and ventral ; heatl with spines.
s. Ventrals of 2 distinct rays ; opercular spine moder
ato, straight. Porogadus, 968

««. Ventrals each of 2 united rays, ojiercular spines
strong, curved. Pknopcs, 969

hh. Pectorals with the lower rays differentiated.

i. Preopercle armed with 3 spines; opercle armed with 1
spine ; lateral line obsolete posteriorly ; ventrals bifid.

DlCROI-ENE, 970.

a. Preopercle unarmed; a single spine on opercle; lateral
line absent ( ?) ; ventrals each a pair of filaments,
closely united throughout. MixoNUS, 971.

Aphtonin^k:
gg. Ventrals inserted on humeral symphysis ; lateral line obsolete (in
almost every case); ventrals each of a single filament; body
naked ; notochord persistent,
u. Eye visible through the skin; a few fang-like teeth on vomer
and mandible. Barathboncs, 972.

uu. Eye not visible; no teeth on maxillary or palatines; teetJi on
vomer rudimentary, those on mandible small.

Aphyonus, 973.

W

'!
I

I!

Hi::!- ;*tfi
•'iil!:''

m m

i;^ ii.j

"'Hi

r'

iilir

•■|-! I

■!|i i

!J

\\

1^1

[?: ;

"1]

r

L|, :

f

u:\i

i

ff

2500 Dulletm 47, United States National Museum,

953. BROTULA, Cuvier.
(Br6tula8.)

Jirotula, Cuvier, Rt>gne, Anira., Va\. 2, ii, 296, 1829 (barbata).

IJody ('lougato, compressed, covered with niinnte smooth scales; eye
moderate; mouth medium, with villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and pala-
tines; lower jaw included; each jaw with 3 barbels on each side. Dorsal
fin long and low, the dorsal and anal joined to the caudal. Ventral fins
eadi reduced to a single filament of 1 ray. Eight branchiostegals. Air
bladder large, with 2 horns posteriorly. One pyloric croca. Vertelme
16 + 39=55. Tropical seas, in water of moderate depth. (Brutula, Span-
ish name of Itrotnia barhata.)

3870. BBOTULA BARBATA (Bloch & Sclinnider).
(Bb6tula.)

Head 4^; depth about 5. D. 123; A. 93; V. 1. Upper jaw the longer.
Ventral fin i as long as head. Dorsal commencing behind vertical from
root of pector.-l ; vertical fins covered with thick skin. Color nearly uni-
form brown, iiength 12 to 18 inches. West T'^uies, rare; in water of
moderate depth. One specimen obtained by us iu the market of Havana.
(barbatuii, bearded.)

lirMula, Parha, Dif. Fiezas Hist. Nat., 70, lam. 31, flg. 2, 1780, Havsina.
Enchelyopu* barbatui, Blooh & Schneidek, Syst. Iclitli., 52, 1801 j after Parha.
lifotiila barbata, Citvier, Rt-giie Aiiiiii., Ed. 2, n, 296, 1829; PoEY, Memorias, n, 102, lam.
9, flg. 2, 1860 ; GCnther, Cat., iv, 371, 1862.

954. STYGICOLA, Gill.

Styyicola, Gn.L, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 252 (dentatus).

This genus differs from Lucifuga in the presence of palatine teeth. The
teeth in the jaws are larger. As in Lucifuga, the single known species
inhabits cji ve streams in Cuba, (drv^, iSlyx, the river of the lower regions ;
colo, I inhabit.)

2871. STYGICOLA '^ 'jNTATUS (Poey).

Head 2S; depth .3§. D.90; A. 70; IM7; V. 1. Vertebrse 11 -f 37=48.
Eyes usually wanting, occasionally represented by a rudiment; head ele-
vated at the nape, the general fovm less slender than in Lucifuga, the belly
more prominent ; no scales on the nape ; strong teeth, well separated, on
the palatine's as well as the vomer; teeth in the jaws larger than in Luoi
fuga; posterior with a large apophysis. Color translucent violet, with
darker areas on nape and throat. C»" es of the province of San Antonio,
in southern Cuba. Largest specimen 5 inches long. (Poey.) {dentaUts,
toothed. )

Lucifuga dentatus, Poky, MemoriaB, li, 102, 1860, Cave of Cajlo (Coll. Noila), Cave of
Castle La Industria (Coll. Dubrocil), Cave of Ashton (Coll. Fabre) ; GVirrHER,Cat.,
IV, 373, 1862.

Stygieola dentata. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 252.

\Z-'^7^^^^l--

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2501

955. LUCIFUGA, Poey.
(Cuban Blindfisii.)

Luci/uga, PoEY, Memorial, n, 95, 1860 {tubterranetu).

Body moderately elongate, translucout pinkish, covered with minute
scales. Eye rudimentary, covered by the skin; bands of villiform teeth
in the jaws and vomer, none on the palatines ; nostrils 2 on each side ; no
barbels; he^d with small tactile cirri; no Hpines on head; gillu 4; no
pseudobranchiic ; gill opening large, extending forward nearly t(» the sym-
physis, the gill membranes not united; branch ioste gals 7 or 8; vertical
tins low, nnited around the tail ; «entrals each reduced to a short thin fila-
ment; male Avith an anal papilla, no pyloric csoca; air bladder large,
rounded behind, jdintid to the base of the skull. Cave streams of Cuba;
the eyes having undergone a degeneration similar to that seen in Amhhj-
opsit. These lishes have no relation to the blind cave fishes of North
America, but are derived from marine types, their ancestors being evi-
dently allies of Ogilbia and Brotiila. It is known that blindtishes are
found also in caves of the islands of Jamaica, but no specimens have been
seen by naturalists. (^Mjr, light; fugo, I flee.)

2872. LUVIFUOA SUBTEBBANEUS, Poey.

(Pez Ciego.)

Head 2^; depth Sf. Branchiostegals 7. D.70; A. 70; P. 51; V.l; C.9.
Vertebra? 11 -f 36=47. Body elongate, compressed, tapering, pointed;
head low at nape, much depressed anteriorly, broad, covered with soft,
white, wrinkled skin, with microscopic cirri, having firm and conical
tubes ; no barbels on lips or chin ; skin of head with many pores ; scales
not ciliate, present on body and top of head and on opercles; lateral line
median, marked by a series of microscopic cirri like those on head, these
wanting posteriorly ; eyes wanting; nasal openings double ; mouth Large;
lower jaw shorter; lips fleshy; maxillary broad at tip, » length of head;
teeth in jawe very short and sharp, in a band; vomerine teeth larger; no
palatine teeth ; pharyngeal teeth slender; tongue smooth; gill openings
large; males with an anal papilla; fin rays simple, flexible, jointed but not
branched ; dorsal beginning at a point about i nearer tip of snout than
tip of caudal; anal smaller, beginning farther back, the 2 fins fully joined
to the pointed caudal ; pectoral lin short, falcate, nearly i head ; ventral
in front of pectoral, a slender ray not | length of maxillary. Color trans-
parent rosy, head reddish, becoming darker in alcohol. No pyloric c:eca;
intestines short; air bladder large. Described from 12 specimens, the
longest about 4^ inches ; found in caves of the jurisdiction of San Antonio,
in the southern part of Cuba. (Poey.) («mI», under; terra, eavth.)

Ludfuga subterraiieut, Poey, Memorias, ii, 96, 1860, San Antonio, Cuba (Coll. D. Tran-
quilino) ; Sandalio de Noda (Coll. D. Juau Antouio Fabre) ; first coll. from Cajlo Cave,
1831 (Noda) ; second, Cave at La Industria (Coll. DubrocA) ; tbird, Ashton Cave, San
Andreas (Coll. Fabre) ; fourth. Cave of the Dragon (Coll. Fabre) ; fifth, Cave at the
Castle of Concord (Coll. Layunta).

rii'

^11

ti: »

ll ■

2502 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

956. BROSMOPHYCIS, Gill.

Brosmophyeis, Gill, I'roo. Ac. Nat. Soi. IMiila. 1861, 108 (marginatuaS,
Halias, Ayrks, Proc. Cul. Ac. Sci. 1861, 52 (mavginatui) ; preoccupied.

Hotly elongate, inoderatttly couipresHcd ; bead unarnii^d; snuut not loii^;
t«'eth sharp, curved, in baudH t)n jawa, vomer, and palatines; small cilia
above snout and on antt>rior ])art of lower jaw. Hody covered with thin
cycloid scales; scales on head rudimentary or wanting. Caudal tin ditt'or-
entiated, entirely separated fnun the dorsal and anal; caudal peduncle
slender. California. This genus is very close to Ogilbia, differing in the
ciliated lips. Its species reaches a larger size. (Brosmiua; I'hyoia.)

f's;-

'jELMiaEr

p

1.1,. a

m

8878. BKOSMOPHYt'IS MABUINATUN (Ayrea).

Head 4A in body; depth 6J^. D.92; A. 70; eye 7^ in head; snout 4^;
maxillary 2; pectoral 18^; caudal 3; bodyeloiigate, moderately compressed;
snout blunt; profile of bead straight from snout; snout scarcely over-
hanging mouth; jaws subequal, the teeth conical, sharp, and slightly
curved back, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; maxillary reaching
J the eye's diameter beyond eye ; snout and lower jaw thickly covered with
small cilia; bead naked with the exception of small scales above; 2 large
pores at tip of chin, a few large ones around preopercle and preorbital, 1
around gill opening, behind which is a pocket in the skin ; about 3 short
gill rakers developed below the angle of first arch, with many rough
plates, not difierentiated from those on the other arches. Dorsal and anal
long and low, the rays embedded in the skin ; tips of last rays each beyond
the base of the caudal about ^ the length of caudal rays; distance of
front of dorsal from snout 3^ in length of body; origin of anal a little
nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; pectoral reaching about halfway
from its base to front of anal; ventrals developed as long filaments; can-
dal slender and rounded behind. Color bright reddish brown ; fins edged
with bright rose-red. Coast of California, in wate of moderate depth;
rare. Here described from a specimen, 12 inches ia length, collected oii'
San Francisco by Mr. W. G. W. Harford, {marginatus, edged.)

Brosmius marginatus, Avreb, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., i, 1854, 13, San Francisco (Coll. W. O.

Ayres) ; Gibaku, Pac. 11. R. Surv., x, Fishes, 141, 1858.
Brosmophycu marijinalus, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861,168; GUiL, Proc. Ac. Nut.

Sci. Phila. 1802, 280.
Halias marginatus, Aykes, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., pt. 2. 1861, 52.
JHnematiehthys marginatue, GCnthek, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mns., iv, .375; Jordan & Gilbert,

Synopsis, 796, 1883.

957. OGILBIA, Jordan & Evermaun.

Ogilbia, Jordak & Evermann, in Evermann & Kendall, Bull. U. S. Fish Comiii. 18DT
(February 9, 1898), 132 (eayorum).

Body moderately elongate, covered with minute, smooth, embedded
scales; sides of head with similar scales; lateral line inconspicuous;
opercle with a very small spine, preopercle unarmed; no strong hook
on maxillary ; no barbels nor cilia ; teeth in jaws in bands, similar teeth on

W)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2503

vomer and palatines ; caudal iVee from the dorsal and anal ; lower lip with-
out cirri; dorsal and uniil rays covered by the nkin, veutrals each reduced
to a iilameut of 2 rayH ; anal papilla of the male without horny claspers.
Small fishes of the tropical shores of America, living in rock pools and
shallows among algte. This genus is closely allied to the East Indian genus
Dinematichthjf8, dift'ering in the absence of anal papilla and claspers and
in the shorter vertical fins. (Named for J. Douglas Ogilby, the accom-
plished naturalist of the museum of Sydney, in recognition of his excel-
lent work on the lishes of Australia.)

a. Snout very short, about 7 in head ; eye small, 10 or 11 in head; scales small, obscure,
snout very shore, 0} in head. ventralis, 2874.

aa. Snout louj^or, about 4 iu head ; eye about 8} in head; scales larger, distinct.

CAYOEUM, 2875.

S874. OUILBIA VENTRALIS (Gill).

Head 4^ iu body; depth 5^. D. 64; A. 50; scales about 100; eye 10 or
11 in head; maxillary 2; pectoral Ij ; caudal Ig. Body elongate, moder-
ately compressed ; snout blunt, the profile behind snout nearly straight to
occiput ; mouth large, the maxillary extending 2 or 3 times the eye's diam-
eter behind eye; teeth small, iu bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye
very small, nearer snout than posterior end of maxillary ; no cilia on snout
and chin; body apparently naked to the unaided eye; but body and top
of the head covered with small scales, which can be seen by the aid of a
lens. Origin of dorsal distant from tip of snout by a si)aco contained 3J
times in body ; front of anal about midway between tip of snout and base
of caudal; tips of last dorsal and anal rays reaching about to the middle
of caudal rays, but not connected ; pectorals scarcely reaching midway
between their base and the front of anal; veutrals filamentous; caudal
slender and rounded behind. Color iu spirits, light brown above, lighter
below; fins all colorless; without distinct marking anywhere. Gulf of
Califoruia ; not rare in rock pools ; several specimens, 2 to 4 inches in length
taken by us at Mazatlan. Here described from a specimen, 2 inches iu
length, from La Paz Harbor, Lower Califoruia. (venlralia, pertaining to
the belly.)

Broimophyds ventralis, (iILL, Proc. Ac. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263, Cape San Lucas. (Coll.

Xnntus.)
IHnematichthyH ventralit, Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Soi. 1895, 502, pi. 54.

2875. OQILBIA CATORIIM, Evermann & Kendall.

Head 4; depth 4^; eye 8^; snout 4. D. about 68; A. about 50; scales
about 14-87-13 ; maxillary 1^ ; pectoral 1^ ; ventral 1^ ; caudal 2^. Body
moderately elongate, compressed; head moderate, snout blunt; mouth
large, jaws subequal, maxillary exteuding beyond vertical of eye a dis-
tance nearly equal to length of snout; eye very small, high up, situated
in anterior third of head ; nostril small, close to eye ; teeth small, in bands
on jaws, vomer, and palatines; back elevated, strongly arched from snout
to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a nearly straight line to base
of caudal; ventral outline comparatively straight, slightly concave at
front of anal. Dorsal and anal long and low, distinct from caudal, the

•hlti

11^

;1^,

^ll

m\

fi;.f:, (; M

\p '■

2504 Bulletin ^7, United States National Jlfiiseutn.

posterior riiya longest, about 3 j in lioiul, buHo of t>urli Bciil«i(l ; distuiue troin
tip of snout to origin of dorsal about 3 in length of body; origin of annl
undor abont twenty-second dorsal ray, equidistant between tin of snout and
baso of caudal ; scales very siuall, embedded, but showing distinctly nndur
u Ions ; check and opercles partially covered with minute, embedded scales;
top of head naked; operolo with a large, flat, flexible spino on level with
eye. No barbels, cilia, nor tubercles; 2 largo mucous pores at symphysis of
lower jaw and 2 on ])reorbitals near anterior edge on each side; a row of 5
or 6 pores on lower jaw and edge of preoperclo. Color uniform ]»iiIo oliva-
ceous «)r light Itrown, finely punctate with minute brown specks. Key
West. Only the type known, an examph', 2^ inches hmg, seined on a shoal
covered with algic at Key West. (Cayo Ilueso, or Hone Key, the original
Spanish name for the iHland of Key West, whence the nanie eayoritvi, of
the keys.)

OijiUna eayorvm, Eveumann it Kbndaij., Bull. U. S. Fish C^oiniii. 1897 (Fob. 0, 1898),
132, pi. 9, fig. 14, Key West, Florida. (Type, No. 48792. Coll. Evoriuaun &. Kendall.)

958. BYTHITES, Roinhardt.
Bythite*, Reinhakih', Daimk. Vidensk. Selsk. AtTiandl., vii, 18J8, 178 (/i(«cu«).

Body elongate, covered with minnto scales. Head large, thi<;k ; mouth
large; jaws equal; no barbel; bands of teeth in the jaws and on v«mier
and palatines. Branchiostegals 8 ; gill membranes united, free from the
isthmus; eyes moderate. Lateral line interrupted. Vertical iins united;
ventral fins reduced to simple filaments, each composed of 2 rays closely
united. Air bladder large; 2 pyloric cajca. A thick, conical, anal papilla
(in the male). Greenland. (fivOirt/?, an animal of the depths, from
/JvOtoi, the deep.)

287U. »YTHITR8 FU8CUS, Keinbardt.

Head about 4 ; depth 4i. Body somewhat compressed, lipariform ; snout
obtuse, naked, with minute cirri. MaiuUble long, curved, extending far
behind vertical from posterior margin of orbit ; eye small ; scales moderate
on body; lateral line complete, but inteirnpted over vent, the two parts
slightly overlapping the same vertical; vertical fins confluent, enveloped
in thick skin; pectorals broad, lanceolate, with broad base; ventrals fili-
form, reaching behind origin of pectoral, as long as pectoral and f as long
as head; a conspicuous anal papilla in the male. The only known speci-
men, now in the museum at Copenhagen, was obtained in Greenland half
a century ago. (Goode & Bean.) {fuaciis, dusky.)

liythiies futcus, Reinhahdt, Daiwk. Videusk. Selsk. Afh., vii, 1838, 178, Greenland; G(5n-
THER, Cat., IV, 375, 1863; Jordan &, Gilbert, Synopsis, 795, 1883; Goode &. JJean,
Oceanic Icbtbyology, 316, 1896.

959. CATiETYX, Giinther.
Oatcetyx, GCnther, Challenger Report, xxii, 104, 1887 {mestieri).

Body compressed, elongate, covered with very small and thin scales;
lateral line indistinct, interrupted. Head oblong, with somewhat pointed
snout, covered with very small scales, only the anterior part of the snout

W:

i?

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2505

iiakud; bones of the heiid ratbor flrni, but with the iiiiuaferouB ayHtein
well developed, the canals having w^ide openings along the infraorbital,
and on the lower limb of the pruopercnlum; i^ye rather small; uostrilH tar
iipiirt, the post<frior in front of the eye and the anterior at the extremity
of the snout; operculum with a spine behind; no other armature on the
h<)ad ; snout not HwoUen, but the upper jaw slightly overlap])iug the lower ;
barbels none; mouth wide; bands of villiform teeth in the jaws, on the
vomer, and the palatine bones; a si^rius of larger teeth along the sides of
the lower jaw; tail not much attenuated ; vertical iius coniluent; ventrals
close together, reduced to a pair of line, simple tilameutH, and inserted
somewhat behind th«^ isthmus, below the middle of the operculum. Gills
4, with short, broad gill rakers and well developed laminae ; pseudobran-
chi»< none; branchiostegals 8; pyloric appendages. Deep seas. Two
species known, {xarai, at the bottom; rv$i5, rvyxo-vw, find.)

2877. €AT£TYX BUBBIB08TBIK, Gilbert.

Depth of body below origin of dorsal equals ^ distance from end of snout
to vent, 7 in length ; head 4 ; distance from snout to origin of dorsal 3;^ ;
from snout to vent 2?; maxillary extending beyond eye, 21 in head; eye
equaling snout, 5^; interorbital width 7; width of snout 3.^. Teeth in
upper jaw in a narrow band, minute, compressed, narrowly triangular,
none of them enlarged; in the lower jaw a still narrower band of similar
teeth, the posterior row slightly enlarged and increasing a little in size
on sides of jaw, where it is accompanied by a single series only of the
smaller teeth ; this lateral 3eries is continued backward far beyond pre-
maxillary band ; teeth on vomer and palatines similar to those in sides of
lower jaw, the former in a V-shaped patch, the latter in a long and very
narrow band. Anterior nostril in a short tube at tip of snout, th«) pos-
terior large, without tube, immediately in front of eye; system of mucous
pores well developed but not conspicuous, the pores collapsing on account
of the thinness of the skin covering head ; large mucous tube below eye,
extending around front of snout and opening by slit-like pores along edge
of snout and lower margin of infraorbital flap, opening posteriorly by a
vertical slit \ aa long as pupil, immediately above end of nmxillary;
another series of pores along mandible and at edge of expanded limb
of preoperole; no other evident pores. Angle of prcopercle much ex-
panded, its width equaling diameter of pupil; a sharp, strong spine
' arising from anterior portion of operclo, th«» structure of the gill flap ap-
parently like that of Baasogigaa stellifer aides; ii short, sharp spine directed
backward immediately behind posterior nostril; no other spines on head;
jj;ill openings wide, continuing forward to below posterior margin of orbit,
the membranes wholly free from the isthmus; gill rakers short but uot
very broad, about \ length of pupil, only 2 or 3 developed immediately in
Irout of angle of arch. Dorsal beginning over or slightly behind middle
of pectorals, the distance from its origin to occiput equaling or somewhat
exceeding distance of latter from tip of snout; dorsal and anal fully
united to caudal. The caudal has a base of appreciable width, bearing
about 12 close-set rays, which extend much beyond tips of last dorsal and
3030 80

m^'

T 'i

2506 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

iiual rays; origin of anal nearer snout than base of caudal; ventrals
slender, eaok consisting of a single ray, inserted very near together, under
anterior portion of opercle, their length about equaling that of maxillary ;
pectorals with about 23 rays, evenly rounded behind, their length If in
Iiead. Scales very small, cycloid, regularly imbricated, in ab«)ut 135
transverse series; nape and b«'lly scaled, as is also the head, excepting
snout, mandible, suborbital, .and sometimes interorbltal areas. Color
dusky olive, the ventrals white, the other fins black, at least on distal
portions; opercles, gill membranes, sides and top of snout, and posterior
portion of abdomen blue black; snout flushed with dark ruby red in life;
lining membrane of mouth and gill cavity, and peritoneum jet-black.
Closely related to C viesaieri, differing in the shorter, broader snout, the
wider preoperele, tlie more anterior origin of anal, and apparently in the
gill rakers and pores on head. Off coast of California, Four specimens
known, the longest 4^ inches in length. (Gilbert.) {ruber, red; rostrum,
snout.)

Catcetyx ruhrirontrii, Gilb'CBT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mu8. 1890, ITl, off coast of California, at
Albatross Stations 3909, 3925, and 3936, in 305 to 359 fathoms. (Type, No. 44379.)

\'M I

g6o. DICROMITA, Goode &. Bean.

Dieromita, Good' : & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 319, 1896 (aga»$izii).

Brotulids resembling in form and general appearance Catwtyx and Diap.
lacanthopoma, liaving the lateral line obsolete, or interrupted posteriorly ;
ventrals f«. pair of simple, fi^no filaments, and with teeth upon the palatines.
It has, however, 3 or 4 small s]>ineB upon iae preoperculum, aa well as a sharp
spine upon the upper angle of the operculum ; and the lateral line, though
indistinct, is traceabJe for i or | the length of the body, which, like the
upper itart of the head, is covered with small, deciduous scales, the oper-
cular region being apparently scaleless, and the bo^L:s of the suborbital
region almost uncovered, with conspicuous sinuses, which show through
the transparent texture of the surface. Head oblong; snout somewhat
produced, depressed, and turgid, resembling, though in a less degree, that
of liarathrodemus. Eye moderate, conspicuous. Mouth wide ; teeth villi-
form, in bands on the jaws and palatines, and very minute upon the vomer,
which has a roughened, knob-like eulargemeut at its angle. Vent pre-
median. Venti^al iina confluent; ventrals rooted very close togethei, each
reduced to a f>ne, flexible, simple filament, planted somewhat behind the
isthmus and below the middle of the operculum. Gil la 4, with well-dev«'l-
oped laminae and rather long, slender gili rakers. Branchiostegals 8.
Pseudobranchiie apparently absent. {Siupoi, forked; iiiroi, thread.)

8878. DICROMITA AflASSIZII, Goode & liean.

Body elongate, much compressed, its height about i of its total length,
its width about i its greatest height; head slightly greater than height of
body, about twice its own width; mouth very large, the m.txillary curved
and much dilated at its extremity, reaching far behind the vertical from
the posterior margin ♦' orbit; jaws nearly equal, the snout considerably

%\

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2507

produced and dilated, its length equal to diameter of eye and \ length of
liea<l. Teeth very fine, villiforui, in band-s on Jaws and palatines, and also
present on vomer, though very small, especially upon the rounded, globu-
lar process of the angle. Lateral line very indistinct, interrupted, but
extending behind the vent at hsast \ of the way to tij) of tail. Dorsal
origin nearly in vt^tical from the axil of the pectoral; v.-ntrals very slen-
der, villiform, closely a]>proximate at their roots, and less than \ as long
.5 the head. Color brownish. A specimen was obtained by the Jilake otf
.ranada, station XCIII, at a depth of 291 fathoms. Th«i collateral type
is obtained by the Albatross at Station 2374, in lat. 29'^ 11' 30" N., long.
..5'-' 29' W., at a depth of 26 fathoms. (Uoode »& Bean.) (Named for Prof.
Alexander Agaasi^.)

JHcromita agasHzii, GooDK ^^ Hean, Ocuaiiic Ichthyology, 319, fig. 285, 1896, off Granada,
in 2gi fathoms (Coll. tho Blake) ; Lat. 39° 11' 30" N.JLong. 85° 39' W., in 36 fathoms,
(Coll. AWatron*.) (Type in M. C. Z.)

961. BASSOZETUS, Gill.

Bathynectes, GUntiibr, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Ili8t.,n, 1878, 20 (comprensus) ; uumo proocciipieil

in CrnHtac<«a,
Bassozetus, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis., vi, 1883, 59 {nonnalls).
Bathyonus, GCODE & I5KAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., vni, 1886, 603 (catena).

Body compressed, with long tapering tail, covered with deciduous thin
scales of moderate size. Bones of the head very soft and i-avernous, the
upper opercular spine very feeble, ridge-like; no other armature of the
head. Head scaly, except the snout, which is obtusely rounded oft', with
the Jaws equal or nearly equal in front. M«mth very wide ; bands of villi-
form teeth in the Jaws, on the vomer, and palatine bones. Barbels none.
Eye small; anterior nostril about midway between the posterior and the
extremity of the snout. Verti(;al tins continent; ventrals close together,
reduced to a pair of simple iilann^nts, and inserted below the rounded angle
of the preoperculum. Gills 4, with short gill lamina', but with long stiff'
gill rakers on the first branchial arch. Pseudobranchia! none. Branchi-
ostegals 8, Pyloric appendages none, (fidddoov, for fJaOv^, deep; Zr/reaj,
seek.)

a. Body modiirat«ly elongate, the depth 9 to 10 in length ; durual ruya 116; anal 02 to !)6.
b. Hea<l 6 in length. nok.mali.s, 2879.

bb. Head al)out 7i in length. compkessis, 2880.

aa. Hody more elongate, the depth I24 in leugtli ; head Hj ; h«",id with conspicuouH, chain-
like rows of pores. catena, 2881.
aaa. limly excessively attenuate, the depth more tlian 10 times in length; dorsal rays
138; anal 115; distance from snout to vent nearly 4 tinirs in body.

■r^NIA, 2882.

2870^ ItASSOZETUK NOKMALIN; (iill.

Head 6 in total length; eye 4 in snout. I). 116; A. 96. Body much com-
pressed, its width in the region of vent not more than i of its height,
which at the same point is about '1 of the total length; greatest height of
body, over the origin of the pectorals, about J the distance from base
of pectorals to veu' the vent being about twice as dist.mt from base of

'i'.'

mm

;1|

i2i

! ,1!

■ f ■ fl

w|li

2508 Dulleti7i ^7, United States National Museum.

to.

caudiil rays us I'roiii suout. Head moderately com pressed, flat above;
Buout obtuse rounded, turgid; lower jaw considerably included. Bones
of head not complotely ossitied, very cavernous in the alcoholic specimen,
the head showing many deep sinuosities and depressions. Eye very small,
situated about midway b<^tween the tip of the suout and the vertical from
the posterior end of maxillary. Teeth all small and short, densely set,
forming narrow, villiform bands; vomerine band open V-sliaped. Dorsal
fin beginning far in advance of origin of pectoral and above upper angle
of gill opening, rays longest in region of vent; anal beginning imme-
diately behind vent, its rays not quite so long as those of dorsal ; pectoral
Avith broad base, short, not exceeding much more than halfway to vertical
from vent, its length considerably less than that of postorbital portion of
head. Ventral rays very slender, villiform, reaching almost to vent, far
beyond pectoral, their length almost equal to that of head. Scales mod-
erate, very deciduous, extending upon cheeks and on top of head almost
to tip of snout ; no evidence of a lateral line. Color light, the head and
abdomen blackish ; inside of mouth purplish brown. The Blake secured
specimens from Station CCIV, in lat. 24^ 33' N., at a depth of 1,920 fathoms,
and from St.ation LXXXIV, off Dominica, in 1,131 fathoms. The Albatross
also obtained examples (No. 49416, U. S. Nat. Mus.) from Station 2380, in Lat.
28° 02' 30" N., Long. 87° 43' 45" W., at a depth of 1,430 fathoms ; (No. 33306,
U. S. Nat. Mus. ) from Station 2042, in lat. 39° 33' N., Long. 68° 26' 45" W., at
a depth of 1,555 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) West Indies, Gulf of Mexico,
and to lat. 40° N., in region of the Gulf Stream, (normalia, normal.)

Bauozetus normalis, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1883, 269, Lat. 39° 33' N., Long. 68° a6' 45"
W., in 1,555 fathoms (Typo, No. 33306. Coll. Albatrosg); GoODE &. Bean, Oceanic
Ichthyology, 322, fig. 287, 1896.

2880. BA8S0ZETU8 t'OMPRESSUS (Gilnther).

D. 116; A. 92; P. 23; V. 1. The greatest depth of the body is above the
end of the gill cover and about i length of trunk ; vent twice as distant
from extremity of tail as from snout, consecjuently the tail is more mod-
erately attenuated. Head compressed like the body, and iibout f length
of trunk ; superficial bones form large muciferous cavities which, when
full, must give to the head a much more evenly rounded appearance than
in the preserved state, when the suppoi-ting bony ridges project more or
less from under the skin. Snout slightly swollen, but the jaws nearly
even in frcmt, the wide mouth slightly ascending forward; maxillary witli
the form usual in these Gadoid fishes, dilated behind, and extending far
behind the eye. Eye very small, i length of snout, and ^ that of head,
placed high up on the side, and not possessing an orbital fold of integu-
ment; interorbital space rather convex and equal in width to 3 diameters
of eye. Teeth all very small, short, densely set, and forming villiform
bands, the broadest on maxillary bone and quite uncovered on the sides,
no labial folds being developed; palatine band broader than the man-
dlbulary, and the vomerine band V-shaped, each arm being bent with
the convexity inward. Gill opening and cavity very wide and of an
intense black ; gill rakers much longer thou the lamiuoi, 15 in number on

rl* 1

Jordan and Evertnann. — Fishes of North America. 2609

the anterior arch, besides some rndimentary ones above. Dorsal iin com-
loencing above upper end of gill opening, with short rays partly hidden
in the skin, becoming longer in middle of fin, but remaining of moderate
length; anal shorter; pectoral with a rather narrow base, quite free, and
composed of feeble rays, its length only ^ that of head ; ventral rays very
feeble, reaching somewhat beyond the root of pectoral. In the specimens
examined only very few of the thin, cycloid scales have been preserved;
they are of moderate size, there being about 16 in a transverse series run-
ning from the vent to the dorsal fin ; the lateral line, if it was developed,
can no longer be traced. Blackiish, with the fins, head, and abdomen
Idack. Specimens of this very fine and truly bathybial fish were obtained
at great depths on the southeast of New Guinea, off the Pliilippine Islands,
and in the mid- Atlantic ; the exact localities being 75 miles east-southeast
of Raine Island, Station 184, depth 1,400 fathoms ; two specimens, 17 and
4} inches long. Philippine Islands, Station 205, depth 1,050 fathoms; one
Hpecimen, 5| inches long. Mid-Atlantic, Station 107, depth 1,500 fathoms;
one specimen, 5i inches long. The young are extremely similar to the old,
)>ut have a larger eye, which is \ of length of head. The specimen from
Station 205 (Philippine Islands) has longer ventral filaments, extending
nearly to the vent. ((Jiinther.) (co)H/>r(;s«««, compressed. )

Bathijnectes compresstut, GUnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hiat., n, 1878, 20, Challenger Station

107, mid-Atlantic, in 1,500 fathoms. (Coll. Challenger.)
liathyonus eompres»u», GCntheb, Challenper Report, xxu, 109, 1887.
Iia»»ozetu* compfestus, Goodb & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 322, 1898.

2881. BASSOZETUS CATENA,. Goodo & liean.

Head 8J; depth li in head or 12^ in body; eye 5; snout 5; interorl)ital
width 5. Body very elongate, much compressed, and tapering into a
slender, whip-like tail. Head without spines, v ''.vp" ..s, not much
compressed, higher than body. Interorbital are .. vvhat c<mvex. The

muciferous channel upon the infraorbital ring shows in its course several
wide subcircular sinuses, closely approximated; a similar row upon the
posterior edge of the preopercnlum and continued forward upon tlie under
.surface of the inandilde ; the vertex also lias a semicircle of similar {Minuses.
Maxillary extending beyond vertical through posterior margin of orbit,
its length equal to that of postorb. al part of head; mandible | as long
as head and equal in length to Iieight of body; jaws, v<micr, and palate
with bands of villifoi m teeth, the vomerine band V-shaped. Nostrils in
front of middle of eye, i)arat«'d by a slight interspace, the anterior nearer
to its mate than to tip of snout. Branchiostcgiils 8; p.scudobrancbia)
ab.s<^nt. Gill rakers Ion;, and numerous, the longest slightly exceeding
diameter of (^ye, 15 dcvt'loped below angle of first arcli, besides several
rudiments; dorsal origin slightly behind that of pectmal, itsdistanc«i from
tip of snout ai>ont 7jt in total, rays well dev<>lop(>d; in tht» anterior ^ of
the fin, in a space equal to length of luiad, were counte<l 20 rays, the long-
est of which is } as long as head; anal origin under twenty-first dorsal
ray, its rays sh(»rter than those of dorsal; pectoral «'xtcnding to vertical
from eighteenth ray of dorsal, J as long a.-; head ; ventrals composed each

'» :;

r\|i

^\mW. \

4 J-

I

#

i

2510 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

of a siinplo filament, the origin slightly in fwlvance of vertical through pec-
t«>ral origin, the l«>ngth \ that of head, not reaching nearly to vent, the dis-
tance of which from origin of ventrals is slightly greater than length of
head. Color hrowninh yellow; head and abdomen blackish. Gulf of
Mexico, in great depths. Only the type known, 237 mm. long, {caitna,
chain, from the arrangement of the mucous cavities on the head.)

Jtaasozetus catena, Goooe & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 603, Lat. a8°oo' 15" N.,
Long. 87° 4a' W., in 1,467 fathoms (Type, No. 37341. Coll. Albatrots) ; GCnthek, dial-
longer Keport, xxii, 111, 1887; Goodb &. liEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 323, flg. 286, 1896.

2882. BA8S0ZETU8 TfNIA (Giinther).

D. 138 ; A. 115 ; P. 30 ; V. 1. The greatest depth of the body is below the
origin of the dorsal tin and about i of the length of the trunk, the vent
being not quite thrice as distant from the extremity of the tail as from
the snout; therefore, the whole of the fish, and especially the tail, is mucli
attenuat«!d. Head not compressed, low and long, forming 4^ length of
trunk. Structure of the bones of the head as in li. compressus. Snout
rather swollen and brosid, the upper jaw but slightly overlapping the
lower; maxillary extending far behind the eye, which is very small, j^
length of snout, about V< that of head, an<l i width of interorbital space.
Teeth very small and short, densely sot, forming narrow, villiform bands;
vomerine bands open A-shaped. Gill cavity deep black; gill rakers lung
and slender, 16 in number, with some rudimentary ones in front and
behind. Dorsal fin commencing above upper end of gill opening, with
short rays partly hidden in the skin, the rays becoming longer on tlic
anterior third of tail, but remaining of moderate length, the anal rays
still shorter; pectoral with a broad base, quite free, and composed of
rather fe<^ble rays, its length e([ual to that of postorbital portion of head;
ventral rays veiy feeble, reaching nearly to the middle of the pectoral.
The scales must have been extremely thin aiul rather small; there were
probably about 20 in a transverse series running from the vent to the dor-
sal fin. The lateral line can not be made out. Light colored (possibly
pink in life), with the head and abdomen black. Only 1 specimen known
of this eminently bathybial fish, obtained in mid-Atlantic {Challenger
Station 104) at a depth of 2,500 fathoms. Its total length is 10 inches.
(rat via, ribb«m.)

Bafhimwt tamia, GCnthek, Challenger Report, xxu, 110, 1887, pi. 23, flg. A, mid-Atlantic,
Station 104, at a depth of 3,500 fathoms; GoonE ic Bean, Oceanic Ichth., 323, 1896.

962. MCEBIA, Goode & I^ean.

Moebia, GoonE & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 331, 1890 (gracilit).

Brotulids resembling Bassozetua in general form, excepting that the tail
is prolonged in a very sleud'^r filament, the dorsal and anal rays boinf>
extremely short posteriorly, bnt positively confiuent with the caudal rays,
which are much longer and much exserted ; ventrals each bifid, inHt<*ad of
a single ray, as in BansozHua. Head very cavernous, the sinuses large
and conspicuous on the infraorbital ring, on the mandible, and the pre-

■ .y5'-*f^:'.',-

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2511

npercninni. A single, Hhort, feeblo spiiio on the shoulder, hut none upon
the operculum or preoperculum, though certain projections 8e«'iu to show
above the eye, doubtless due to the shrinkage of the integument upon the
underlying projections of the bone. Mouth very wide, the extremity of
the maxillary much dilated; posterior nostrils very wide and separated
from the eye by a small, spinous projection of bone; teeth in narrow
bands, that on the vomer V-shaped, with the 2 arms straight. A few
largo scales in a row starting from the upper angle of the gill opening
and terminating over the axle of the pectoral. Gill rakers on outer arch
rather numerous, long and slender. Pseudobranchiie represented by 2
minute globules. Deep sea; 2 species known. ("Named in honor of
Prof. Karl Miibina, director of the Royal Zoological Museum in lierlin,
who has added much to our knowledge of marine life by his noble work,
Die Fauna der Kielerbucht, and by numerous other writings.")

8883. MCEBIA PROMKLAS (Gilbert).

Head 2 in trunk; depth 3. Body 3i to 3J in tail. Tail produced into a
filament, the caudal basis extremely narrow, supporting 5 long slender
rays which are firmly bound together. Mouth t(^rminal, large, th«» maxil-
lary much dilated at tip, reacihing well behind the eye, 1| in head; lower
jaw included, the tip slightly produced. Teeth in villiform )»ands on
mandible, premaxillary, vomer, and palatines, the band on mandible very
narrow, that on vomer with the diverging arms much incurved, the ante-
rior angle rounded. Tongue toothless, some of the basibranchials form-
ing a sharply elevated dentigerous crest. Gill lamina*, extremely narrow,
the gill rakers of outer arch very long and slender, 1 (with 4 rudiments)
above angle, 15 below. Infrsiorbital chain with 6 mucous sinuses, the
mandible with 5, preoperele with .5, and a number on top of head ; these
are all bridged over with very delicate membrane which is easily rup-
tured. A row of low, strong spinous points directed posteriorly on the
ridge running ba(;kward from the eye; no other spines on head, though
a number of short spinous points are made evident when the skin is re-
moved ; opercular spine rather weak. A distinct membranaceous (laj) runs
along the projecting edge of shoulder girdle, connecting pectorals with
upper end of gill flap; pectorals slender, equaling postorbital part of
head; ventrals each of a bifid filament, the two branches joined at the
base for a very short distance, variable in length, reaching to or nearly to
tips of pi^ctorals, usually contained about \\ times in head; dorsal begin-
ning a trifle behind base of pe<itorals, its distance from occiput equaling
distance of latter from front of (»ye. Scales very small, apparently cov-
ering a part of top of head; 3 series of large pores on sides; 1 from
upper end of gill slit backward parallel with dorsal outline; a second
along middle of sides; the third beginning halfway bet\vBen base of pec-
torals and ventral outline, extending backward on belly and along liase
of anal fin, these lines all somewhat indistinct, and it can not be deter-
mined how far they extend backward. Color light brown; head (except
occiput), mouth, gill cavity, iind abdomen jet-black; fins dusky. This
species closely resembles Mocbia gracilis (GUnther), from New Guinea, dif-

I'

!i

f !

2512 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

fering in tb« following respects: Depth 3 in trunk (in (/racilia 3^) ; <<yo 0
in lu'ad (in (fracilU 51) ; voni«rin»^ patch of tocth with the two arniH
int'urvod (U-Hhape«l in gracilis)] dorsal fin beginning behind the pectoral
(over root of pectoral in gracilis)] an additional Heries of large scaleH
(lateral line) along middles of sidos, and another along ventral outline ;
trunk 2^ in tail (2j in gracilis); ventrals shorter, not reaching past tips of
])e<-torals. Five specimens, the largest iH in<'.ho8 long, from Albatross Sta-
tion 3010, at a depth of 1,005 fathoms, in the Gulf t)f California. (Gil-
bert.) (ff/30, before; //fArtg, black.)

Poro<ja<htii promela$, Gilhekt, rroc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1891, 547, Gulf of California, in 1,005
fathoms. (Coll. AU)atro$g.)

■ •^'

963. NEOBYTHITES, Goodo & Bean.

Xeobythitex, GoonE & Bean, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 600 (,gilli).

lirotulids having the body elongate, compressed, covered with small
8<'aleH, and tlie head also scaled ; lateral lino incomplete, obsolete poste-
riorly. Eye moderate; snout moderate, rounded, slightly produced, the
lower jaw^ slightly included; no barbel. Teeth villiforni, in narrow ban<ls
in jaws and palatines ; vomerine teeth in a V-shaped patch ; 2 weak spines
at angle of preoperculum, and a stronger one at angle of opercalnm.
Gill openings wide, tho membranes deeply cleft and not attached to
the isthmus; vertical tins united; A'eutrals reduced each to a bifid my.
Brauchiosti^gals 8. Pseudobranohiu) present, but small. Air bladder
present. (rf'oS, new; Bythites.)

a. Sculos about 88 ill longitndinal series; depth 4 § in length. oillu, 2884.

aa. Scales about 123 in longituiliual Heries; depth 5J iu length; dorsal rays 101.

MARGINATCS, 2885.

2884. \KOBTTHITKS QILLII, Goodo & lican.

Body compressed, its height contained 4 J times in total length, and less
than length of head ; interorbital area convex, its width equal to diameter
of circular eye, 3| in length of head, and 1| in length of snout in young.
Head compressed, deei»er than broad, with wide sinuses, its length con-
tained ii times in that of the body; snout obtusely rounded, slightly
produced; mouth large, the maxillary extending considerably behind the
vertical through posterior margin of eye, expanded posteriorly; mandible
still longer, its length about 2^^ times in height of body; interorbital
space convex. Teeth iu villiforni bands in jaws and on palatines; vomer-
ine patch subcircular, with angles extended posteriorly. Gill rakers
moderately long and slender, somewhat numerous, the longest about J
diameter of eye, 11 developed and 3 rudiments below the angle. I'seudo-
branchiie absent; gill opening wide, the memltrane deeply cleft, free
from the istlimtis behind. A single long, Hat spine attached to posterior
portion of operculum, high up, extending back to its edge; a small hidden
spine at lower angle of preoperculum. Nostrils small, the anterior one
in a A'ery short tnbe, almost upon tip of snout; posterior nostril slightly
larger, not tubular, immediately in front of middle of eye. Scales mod-

i v^^--';.-?^-^'-

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2513

orate, upon head and body, in H8 vorticiil rows, 7 rows between donal
origin and lateral lino, whii^li beconios obHol«!t<« in its poHtc^rior half, IB or
17 from vent forward to lateral line; «lorsal origin behind that of ventral
and pectoral, its distan<-e from snout contained 4 times in total length, its
rays moderately long; anal origin under taghteenth dorual ray, its dis-
tance from snout contained 2^ times in body length, rays rather slenderer
than those in the dorsal ; caudal rays 6 or 7 in number, their length con-
tained 9 times in total length, not differentiated from thos«i of the adja-
cent fins; pectoral origin well forward, its base somewhat concealed by
the (lap of the operculum, its length about equal to | tliat of head;
ventrals each a bilid ray, the inner filament the longer, inserted slightly
in advance of the Itasc of the pectoral, not far from humeral symphysis,
and reaching nearly to v(^nt, its length nearly equal to height of body ;
distance from origin of ventral to vent slightly gr<!ater tlian height of
body; color light yellow, with silvery rellections, with cloudings of
brown above lateral line and nnmerous black chromatophores ; a s(Ties of
irregular brown blotclu's above* the lateral line, with 1 or 2 mnt^h darker,
extending upon the dorsal fin. In many specimens thtt odor is uniform
yellow, with simply the dark ocelli showing. ((Joo<le »fe Bean.) Atlantic,
in rather deep water, from Gulf Stream to the coast of Brazil. (Named
for Dr. Theodore Gill.)

Neohiithites ijUlii, Goodk & Hean, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mna. 1885, 601, Lat. a8° 36' N., Long. 85°
33' W., in III fathoms (Type, K<». 37340. Coll. Alhatnm) ; GflNTHKH, ChnlUMigor
Konort, xxn, 103, 1887; GooDK it Bkan, Oceanic Iclith., 32.'>, Hj;. 289, 180«.

Neohythites ocellatvt, GOnthek, Cliallengcr Report, xxn, 103, pi. 21, ilg. K, 1887, off Per
nambuco, in 350 fathoms.

-, '^1

V

■5 ,

2886. NKOBTTHITEK MAKHINATUS, Good.- & Ilcan.

Head 4| in total length; depth 5?;. I). 101 ; scales 7-123-29. Body com-
pressed, somewhat elongate; intcrorbital area convex, its width greater
than the diameter of the circular (lye. Month large, the maxillary extend-
ing (considerably behind vertical through posterior margin of orbit, its
length 2 in head; mandible slightly more than | height of body. Teeth
as in N. gillii. Gill rakers slightly longer than i the diameter of tsye, 7 and
3 rudiments below tlie angle of the anterior arch. PBendobranchiat
absent. A long fiat spine upon the upper edge of the operculum, extend-
ing back nearly to its margin; 2 short. Hat spines upon the angle of
the preopercnlum. Nostrils as in N. ijiUii. Scah-s small, very closely
imbricated, the lateral line obsolete in its posterior half. Distance of
dorsal origin from snout 4 times in total length; anal origin under four-
teenth dorsal ray, at a distance from the snout 2| times in total length.
Caudal of about 8 or 9 rays, very closely placed, about lOi times in total
length; pectoral placed much as in litnthocometes, its h^ngth about 2^ times
that of the head, extending to v<'rtical through the vent; ventral a bifid
ray inserted in advanc^e of base of pectoral, not reaching to the vent, its
length considerably less than height of body ; distance (»f A'entral origin from
vent slightly more than heiglit of body. Color light yellowish brown, an
obscure narrow band of darker brown commencing on the snout, inter-

' 'it

1 "ti ■

"fi

m

lit

1-' I .

2514 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ruptcd by the eye, and extt^nding backward j diHtance to tail; aimthcr
beginning on the snout, extending over eye and back as far as first
described, interrupted posteriorly; dorsal (in milky white at base in its
anterior third ; above, this a blackish band extending whole length of tin ;
a narrow whitcj margin above. The type is from Make Staticui LXXIX,
oft' Barbados, in 209 fathoms, {mardinatua, edged.)

Neohythitea marginatus, Goode & Bean, Bull. Miis. Conip. Zool., x, No. 5,102, 188.T off Bar-
bados, in aog fathoms (Coll. Blake) ; Goode & Bean, 0<;eniiic Ichthyology, 320, fi^r.
290, 1890.

964. BENTHOCOMETES, Goode & Bean.

Jtenthoeometes, GooDB & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 327, 1890 (robuitus).

Brotnlids, similar in appe<aranc« and structure to Neohythitca and liaaao-
(jigaa, distinguished by 2 short flat spines upon the anterior portion of the
operculum, placed at some distance from each other, and by the absence
of spines on the preoperculum. The lateral line is comph^te, and extends
without interruption to the posterior fourth of the body, where it becomes
obsolete. The vomerine teeth are bunched in a circular patch instead of
being arranged in triangular form. The head is comparatively short, with
the jaws in front nearly equal; the snout not produced, but obtuse,
rounded, and almost declivous in its outline. Deep sea. Two species
known. (/JsvQog, the dei^ths; Moojurfrtfi, inhabitant.)

2886. BENTHOCOHETES UOBUSTUS, Goode & Bean.

Body rather short and deep, its greatest height nearly 4| in total length
and about ecjual to length of he.ad; intcrorbital area' convex, its width
greater than diameter of th«^ circular eye, and 1^ times length of snout ; head
about 4 times diameter of eye; mouth nu)derato, the maxillary extending
to vertical through posterior margin of eye, the mandible a little beyond,
its length equal to that of postorbital part of head. Teeth in villiform
bands in jaws and on palatines; vomerine teeth bunched in a circular
patch. Gill rakers moderate, the longest a little more than twice in
diauu'ter of eye, 4 above angle of first arch, 11 below. Pscudobrancbia>
rudimentary. Gill opening wide, the membrane deeply cleft behind, free
from the isthmus. A pair of short Hat spines upon the anterior portion
of the operculum. Nostrils small, the anterior as close to the snout
as the posterior ones are to the eyes; no appamnt cirri. Scales mi-
nute; lateral line obsolete on the last fourth of body. Dorsal origin
behind that of ventral and pectoral, its distance from snout 3J times in
body; height of dorsal fin moderate, the longest ray about 3 tinu>s in
head; anal origin under eighteenth ray of dorsal, the height of fin
about equaling that of dorsal ; vertical fins not connate with the caudal,
which consists of 12 or 13 very slender rays, its length nearly equal to ^
head; pectoral with a broad base, ('lose to gill opening, its length nearly
i that of head ; ventral a single bifid rjiy, inserted in advance of vertical
through base of pectorals, and not far from humeral symphysis, reaching
nearly halfway to vent, the distance of which from the origin of the ven-

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2515

tral is equal to length of head. Color yellowish brown. Tho typo of this
spccieH, a specimen 8H mm. long, was taken by thu IMakv from Station
XCIV, off Moro Custle, Cuba, at a depth of from 250 to 400 fathoms. A
collateral type specimen (No. 29057) was obtain«Ml by the Fink Hawk from
Station 1043 in Lat. '^S^ 39' N., Long. 7.3° 11' W., at a deptli of 130 fathoms.
(Goode & Beau.) West Indies, to lat. 39^ N., iu Gulf stream. {robn8tu8,
Htout.)

Neohjithitet rohuntui, GooDE & Hean, Bull. Miia. Comp. Zool., x, No. r», 101, 1883, off Moro

Castle, Cuba, in from 350 to 400 fathoms. (Typu in M. C. Z. Coll. lUah\)
Benthocometet robiisttu, GoODE &. Bean, Oceanic Ichtbyology, 327, ilg. 288, 1896.

965. BASSOGIGAS, Gill.
Bcutogigat, Gill MS. in Goode <fe Bijan, Oceanic Ichthyology, 328, 1890 (ijillii).

Brotulids having the body elongate, compressed, covered with a thick,
heavy Hkin, which iiri' > tho head covers and obscures all the angles of thfc
skull ; scales small, co\ -nng body and head completely ; lateral lino indis-
tinct for the greater part of the course, but apparently extending at least
^ of the way from the operculum to the tail; eye moderate; vertical lin»
completely united ; ventrals a pair of bifid filaments inserted behind thfe
humeral symphysis and remote at their bases, short, rather stout ; Hnout
without barbels, slightly produced, the lower jaw being barely included-,
villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and palatines; vomerine patch
V-shaped, but with its arms broadly expande*! and thicker at the angle,
so that it is almost triangular; operculum with a long, sharp spine;
preoperculum unarmed; branchiostegals 8; air bladd«ir present; pseudo.
branchia) small. Deep sea. (fidddcov, for fJaOv^, deep; yiya^i, giant.)

a. Dorsal fin witli 83 rays ; anal 67.
aa. Dorsal tin with 95 rays ; anal 82.

oil.ui, 2887.
STELLIKEUOIUES, 2888^

2887. BASSOGIGAS OILLII, Goode &. Bc.in.

D. 83; C. 6; A. 67. Head rather short and broad, with snout slightlj
overlapping the lower jaw; diameter of tho eye scarcely \ of the length
of the snout and about t*.j that of head; maxillary extending far behinu
eye, the vortical from the anterior margin of orbit nearly bisecting it, itf
length \ that of head, and its posterior margin ending in a broad triangu-
lar dilation; teeth normal; anterior and posterior nostrils separated by u
space greater than diameter of eye; preoperculum with a S(iu<ire, roundeil
angle; no armature; operculum with a strong, sharj) spino above, the tiy
of which projects slightly beyond the opercular llap ; dtstauco of vent fron.
root of pectoral slightly more than length of head, as far removed frou',
this point as is the anterior nostril; scales moderate^ covering tho entire-
head; lateral line somewhat conspicuous, obsolete iu its posterior third.
Dorsal and anal fins enveloped in thick scaly ekin; origin of dorsal iiv
advance of middle of pectoral; pectorals rounded, broad, and very short:
less than ^ as long as head and extending about i distance from origiv^
to vertical from vent; ventrals inserted somewhat behind angle of pre
operculum, extending to vertical from axil of pectoral, and abouj \
of distance from origin to vent; each ventral filament bifid, the Irii.rf

i»A'

M

ll

! A

1

¥■

'vU-r

"sm

■j»

Iti.

261C Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

part being the longer. Color uniform grayish brown ; fins darker. Tht^
type of this species was obtained by the Albatross from Station 2684, off
Capo Henlopen, Delaware, in Lat. 39° 35' N,, Long. 70° 54' W., at a depth
of 1,106 fathoms. (Goode «& Bean.) (Named for Dr. Theodore Gill.)

Bauogigag <;i7iu,GoODK & Beam, Oceanic Ichthyology, 328, «g. 201, 1896, ofTCape Hen-
lopen, Delaware, in i,io6 fathoms. (Type, Ko. 39117. Coll. Albatross.)

288".. BAS80GI0AS STELLIFKROIDKS (Gilbert).

Head 4 to 4.V in length; depth 5 to SJ. D. 95; A. 82; scales 110. Phy-
siognomy strikingly like that of the Sciiunoid gonus St<ilif<r. Mouth
large, oblique, the lower jaw included, maxillary reaching well beyond
orbit, i length of head. Teeth uniform, small, in narrow bands, those
on vomer in a y~V -shaped patch;, a well-developed band on puliitines;
tongue smooth, a well-developed dentigerous crest on median line behind
it; no barbel at symphysis. Snout short, bluntly rounded, about equaling
diameter of orbit, slightly overhanging month, 5 in head; interorbital
width 4; upper limb of preopercle extending obliquely downward and
backward, largely adnate, the angle produced into a free membranaceouH
flap which entirely conceals the n.irrow interopercle, and bears no spines.
The structure of the gill flap does not appear to have been corre(!tly int«tr-
preted. The operclo is strong, but of small extent, forking at its base, 1
branch continued straight backward as a strong spine, the second a narrow
flat process downward and somewhat backward, parallel with and little
distant from margin of preopercle. Filling the doon notch between these
2 processes, iind forming the greater portion of li. gill flap, is the thin
membranaceous subopercle. Branchiostegal rays 7. Gill rakers long and
slender, the longest f diameter of orbit, 7 above angle, 13 and about 5
rudiments below. Nape midway between front of dorsal and front of eye ;
dorsal and anal similar, uniform, low, joined to base of caudal, the latter
truncate, projecting well beyomlthem; ventrals inserted under angle of
preopercle, each of a single ray forked to the very base, the 2 branches
united by membrane for a distance equaling J orbit, the inner filaments
being longest, i longer than head, and extending well beyond front of anal ;
pectorals long and narrow^, 1| in head; a narrow membranaceous flap con-
necting base of pectorals with upper angle of opercular flap. Scales small,
well iml)ricated, entirely investing body and head, iucluding gular mem-
brane and part of gill membranes ; lateral line nearly complete, la<?king
for about | lengtl of body, running high, parallel with dorsal outline.
Color silvery gray, dusted with coarse black specks, darker along dorsal
outline; dorsal and anal with a narrow light streak at base, otherwise
dusky, becoming black posteriorly, and with a narrow white margin;
caudal black, with a broad white terminal bar; pectorals and ventrals
white, with few black specks; peritoneum silvery white; mouth white
anteriorly, its posterior portion and gill cavity jet-black. Pa<'ific Ocean,
off coast of Lower California. Many specimens from Albatross Station
2996, in 112 fathoms. Length 7 inches. {Stellifer, a genus of Soiwnidai ;
etSog, resemblance.)

Neohythitea ttelliferoides, Gilbekt, Proc, U. S. Nut. Iblus. 1891, 112, off Lower California.
(Type, No. 44383. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2517

966. BARATHRODEMUS, (ioudo ..V Itcan.
Barathrodemug, (Joodk & Ukan, Itull. Mum. Ooinp. Zool., x, No. 5, 200, 1883 (manatiniiii).

Body brotnliforiii, niiirh coiiipr«>8Hed ; head coiupreHHud ; uioiitli mod-
erate. IleiKl unarmed, exi^ept for a Mhoit tiattenttd 8]tiii«^ at upper angle
of Gpercle. Snout long, projecting far beyond premaxillarieH, its tip much
swollen; jaws Hube(iiial in front. Teeth minute, in villiform bands on
jaws, vomer, and palatines. No barbels. Anterior nostrils on the outer
angles of the dilated snout, <'ir«!ular, each surrounded by a cluster of
mucous tubes. Posterior nostrilH above front of eye. Gill openingH wide,
the membranes not united. Gill rakerH rather few. Body and head cov-
ered with small, thin, scarcely' imbricated scales. Dorsal and anal long.
Caudal 11 n separate, long, and slender. Ventrals close together, far in
front of pectorals, each reduced to a single biiid ray. Do«^p-Bea tishes.
{fidpaOfJov, a gulf or deep abyss; Sff/iioi;, people.)

8889. BARATIIKODKMUS MANATINUS, Uoudo & Bean.

Head about 6 in total length; depth 7*. D. 106; A. 8(5; C. 2-fr>-f 2; P.
18 to 20; V. 1/1; scales about 175. Body much compressed. Dorsal and
anal outline approaching af an equal angle the horizontal axis. Scales
small, about 175 rows between the branchial opening and the tail, and
about 34 rows, counting upward and forward obli(iuely from the origin
of the anal to the dorsal line; lateral line apparently absent. Head con-
siderably compressed, with rounded upper surface, its width (^mtainod
2i times in its length, its greatest height equaling ^ its length. Snout
slightly longer than the horizontal diameter of the eye, and projeiiting
beyond tip of upper jaw a distance eqiuil to vertical diam«!ter of eye,
much dilated and swollen, the anterior pair of nostrils being situated at
the most salient angles; snout in gen<n-al form resembling that of a man-
atee, whence the specific name. Mouth moderate, its cleft extending to
the vertical from the center of the orbit; length of upper jaw- equal to
twice horizontal diameter of eye, and contained 2^ times in length of
head; posterior portion of maxillary considerably expanded; maxillary
largely included within ii skinny sheath ; when the mouth is closed the
lower jaw is entirely included within the upper. Vomer and palatine
with bauds of teeth more than twice as broad as the biinds of the iiiter-
maxillaries and on the mandible. Eye elliptical in form, its vertical
diameter f of its horizontal, the latter being equal to distance from tip of
snout to posterior nostril, and contained 5i times in length of head; dis-
tance of eye from dorsal outline equal to ^ its horizontal diameter, and to
}i height of head in a perpendicular through center of eye; interorbital
space rounded, its width equal to horizontal diameter of eye. Dorsal fin
inserted in the vertical above insertion of pectoral, at a di.stauce from
end of snout equal to that of insertion of pectoral ; anal inserted under
twenty-first to twenty-third dorsal ray, and at a distance from snout
about equal to i body length ; height of dorsal and anal fins about equal
to ^ height of body at insertion of anal, their bases extending almost to
insertion of caudal; caudal composed of 9 rays, the 5 medial ones almost

1

i

.1'

I

I t

2518 Bulletin ^y, Untied Sfafcs National Museum,

rqiial in luiigtb, though the tip of tlio tail iH Hli^htly rnundoil, about ei|uul
to height of body midway between bianchiiil opening iind bane of tail ;
vuntrals inserted almost under middht of opiTculum, in length about
equal to k length of head; pec^torula ineerted under origin of dorsal, and
at a distance behind branehial opening ecjual to jj vertieal diameter of
eye, its length equal to greatest height of tht^ body. Color grayish
brown; abdominal rt^giou black, ((ioode t.V Mean.) (iulf stream, north
of the liormudaH, in 647 to 1,395 fathoms. (Manati, like the manatee or
seo cow. )

Jtarthrodnnu* vianatinun, (ioouE Sl Bean, Itiill, Miih. C'om]>. Zool., x, No. 6, 200, 1883,
Lat. 33° 35' 2o" N., Long. 76° W., in 647 fathoms (Type in M. C. Z. Coll. Jilake);
.ToKDAN, Cut., 127, ISS.";; (MlNTiiEii, Clialleugur Koport, XXII, 100, 1887 j UooUE & Kean,
Oceanic Ichtliyolopy, 332, tig. 294, 1896.

967. NEMATONUS, GUuther.

Ifvmatonui, (iUntiieu, Chall<iii)(er Report, xxii, 114, 1887 (pcctoraliii).

Body compressed, Avith long tapering tail, liones of head soft, mucif-
erous channels moderately developed, and with the integument very thin
or absent on the upper portion and snout. Operculum cartilaginous and
flat; a broad process u«>ar its upper angle corresponding to the opercular
spine in some of the related genera, the bead otherwise unarmed, though
irregular by reason of the cranial bones. Snout much depressed, broad,
rounded; jaws equal in front; mouth very wide; bands of villiform teeth
in jaws, on vomer and palatines. Barbel none. Eyes small. Vertical
fins confluent; ventrals a pair of bitid filaments close together, on the
isthnnis, close to the humeral symphysis. Gills 4, with very short laminie
and rather short, incurved, acicular gill rakers on tht^ first arch, and much
shorter, less numerous, spatulate ones on the 3 other arclies. Pseudobran-
chiaj rudimentary. No traces of a lateral line, though the body is covered
with scales of considerable size, almost as large as the eye, and the cheek
with others still larger. Ncmatonus difters from Poroyadua not only in the
absence of spines upon the head, as Giinther has indicated, btit in the
much less ossified opercular apparatus, in the shorter and thicker head,
in the absence of the 3 series of pores simulating lateral lines, and in the
timdeucy to prolongation in the lower rays of the pectoral, which increase
from the uppermost to the lowermost in Nematoniia, while I'orogadiia has
a lanceolate fin, and also in the extreme exsertion of the caudal rays.
{yijjiia, thread; Ohms, the rockling.)

2800. IVEMATUNUS PECT01ULI8, (loodo & Bean.

D. 93; A. 73; P. 17; V. 2. Body moderately elongate, much compressed,
the tail much shorter and more robust than in Jiaaao-ctua catena, its height
equaling 1^ times length of head aud | that of body. Head stoutish,
not much compressed, lower than body, its length contained 5^^ times in
the body; snout compressed, broad at its tip, its length exceeding diame-
ter of the circular eye; interorbital area slightly convex, its width
slightly exceeding twice diameter of eye, 3 times in head. Maxillary

ii.-.i f,,,-;

4:l ^1

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2519

'W

i-xt«'ii(liug fur behind eye, its lougth less thun that of ]ire<ti hital ]»ortiou
of head; niandiblo uh long us poHtoi-ltitul ))<>rtion of lioud; jaws, vuinor,
und puhitiues with narrow bauds of villiforni teeth, noruiully arrungud.
UranchiostegulH 8. Gill hinielhe very short; gill rakers long und nnnier-
OUH, 18 ou lirstareh below the angle, 5 above, -1 of which arc rudimentary.
I'seudobranchiai present, but very rudimentary. Anterior nostrils on the
top of the snout und near the nie<lian lin«" of the bead, near its tip, separ-
ute»l by a space about (Mpial to dianu^ter of eye; posterior nostrils in front
^f eye. Mueiferous pores large, arranged niueh a.s in li, caivna. Dorsal
origin in the same vertical with that of pectorals, its distance from tip of
snout contained 5 times in total and equaling twice length of maxillary.
Rays well developed in anterior third, the longest I of head; anal origin
under twentieth dorsal ray, its rays nearly us long as those of dorsal;
]>eotorul with its penultimate ray produ<'ed, extending to thirteenth ray
of anal, nearly twice as bmg as head; ventruls originating in advance of
vertical through pi^ctoruls, and each a bitid iilanient; distanci^ of ven-
tral origin from tip of snout e<|ualing length of ventral and about f as
longnsheud; distunce of vt^ntral origin from vent considerably greater
than baigth of head; distancti from tip of ventral to vout e<iuul to k the
length of the head. Numbt^r of scales in truuaverse 8eri«!8 from vent to
dorsal about 23; from the upper augh^ of the gill opening to the vertical
through origin of anal 32. Color brownish yellow; head und abdomen
blackish. The type (No. 37342, U. S. Nut. Mus.) was taken at AUmtroas
Station 2380, Lat. 28^ 02' 30" N., Long. 87^^ 43' 4;!" W. in 1,430 fathoms. It
is 183 nun. long to the caudal base, 215 with caudal. Another young sp«'ci-
men, 70 mm. long, wus tuken at lilake Station XCV, off Dominica, in 330
fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (pectoralis, iiertaiuiug to the breast.)

Jfematonut iicctoralis, (tOoriE & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, (i04. Lat. 28° 02' 30" N.,
Long. 87° 43' 45" W., in 1,430 fathoms (Type, No. 37342. ("oil. Alhatro^s) ; OCntiiku,
Challenf;er lieport, xxn, 114, 1887; Goode & Bean, Ocoanlc Iclith., ;t33, tig. '2W, 1896.

968. POROGADUS, Goode &, Bean.
Porofladua, Goode & Bban, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885,682 {viilfs).

Body brotuliform, nuich compressed; head with numerous spines on
interorbital space, 2 pairs on the shoulders, 1 at angle of operculum
und a double series on angle of preoporculum ; head with numerous
nnicous pores, as in BaHsozetus; mouth large; snout moderate, not pro-
jecting much lieyond the upper jaw; jaws neurly equal in front; teeth in
villiforni bands in jaws und on vomer and palatines; barbel none;: gill
openings wide, nieml>ranes narrowly united, not attached to the isthmus;
gills 4; gill laminae short; gill rakers moderate, numerous; pseudo-
branchiio absent; caudal lin of few rays, on a very narrow hum, not ]»ro-
longed, scarcely differentiated from the vertical lins; dorsal and unal tins
well developed; pectorals simple, moderate; each ventral a single Idlid
ray close to the humeral symphysis; branchiostegals 8 ; scales small; lateral
line apparently triple, or replaced by 3 series of pores — 1 close to ventral
outline, 1 median, and another along base of dorsul, {rcdfjo^, pore ; Gadiis,
the codfish.)

'I

I

I

' I

M^

! M

^ • I

I 1

\u

• H

w*

rt ■}• '■■.m

:' im

\

I

I

1

i ;

■ iMM

i

^HOKKmmmmmmmmm

2520 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

2801. POROOADUS HILK8, Goodo &, Bean.

HoadGl; <l(»pth 10; «'ye 5^ in head; body much coinpn-ssed, elongate,
tapering to a vt^y Hhuider tail ; head long, moderately compressed, sub-
conical, the profile gradually ascending in nearly a straighc line from tij)
of snout to origin of dorsal; interorbital space slightly convex, spiny, its
width i} tinu'S in length of head, and slightly greater than diameter of
eye; opercles and head generally covered with numerous and strong
spines, as described in the generic diagnosis; mouth very large and wide;
maxillary extending far behind eye and much ex]»anded at its tip, its
length more than ^ that of head ; length of mandible etiual to greatest
height of body; jawH, voni«'r, and palatines Avith narrow bands of villi-
form teeth, none of which is enlarged; gill rakers 15 on anterior arch
lelow the angle, 3 rudimentary on<^8 above. Anterior pair of nostrils
nearly on top of snout and somewhat nearer its tip than to eye, separated
by a narrow space and placed immediately in front of middle of eye;
behind each posterior nostril a strong spine projecting oatward and
ujtward; pores of the head arranged much as in //assocctJis; scales minute ;
lateral line not to be clearly made oi;t ; 3 rows of minut(! pores on each
side (»f dorsal, median, and ventral, beginning near head and extending
•we!l toward extremity of tail. Dorsal origin slightly behind vertical
through pectoral base, its distance f«*om snout nearly 6 times in length of
body, its rays moderately long, the longest about as long as snout, and
very numerous; anal origin in A'crtical from twenty-second or twv-nty-
third dorsal ray li"! distance from snout 3^ tinu^s in leugth of body, its
rays about a^: long as those of dorsal ; pectoral imperfect, its length in the
type equaling | that of head; ventrala a bifid filament, placed close to
the humeral symphysis, well in advance of pectoral, its length etjual to
height of body ; distance from origin of vcntrals to vent nearly equal to
length of head; ventral not reaching vent by a distance equal to length of
snout. Color blackish brown. The type (No. 35625, U. S. Nat. AIus.) in 153
mm. in length, from AlhatrosH Station 2230, lat. 38" 27' N., long. 73° 02' W.,
at a depth of 1,168 fathoms. ((Joode & Hean.) {milv8, a soldier.)

I'oroyaih't nuien, Goode & llEAN, rioc. I'. S. Nat. Mu8. 1885, 602, Lat. 38° 2J' N., Long.
730 ofi vv., in x,i68 fathoms ; GooDE &. Bean, Oceanic Ichtbyology, 'iU, lig.292, 1896.

969. PENOPUS, (Joode A: Bean.

I'tnojyiiK, GoouE &, Bean, Oceanic Iclitliyology, ictc, 18U6 {macdonaldi).

liody st'jut in front, tapering behind; tail not greatly exc«'edi,ig the
length of the rest of the iish; head scaly, thick, its top suriaee fiat, with
depressed and moderately projecting ^nout; a pair of minute postnasal
spinas; a stn-ng and much curved spii'e on the operculum ; several weak
spines on iue argle o!" the preopercnium, and several at the posterior
angle of the suboper< iilum; mouth niodeiately large, the lower jaw
in<'lnded; several narrow slit-like pores along the margin of the pre-
orbital and suborbital; 2 minute pores on und«'r si-rface of mandible
near its symphysis, and not far '>'liin(l them 2 long slit-like pores; the

Jordan and Evcrmann . — Fishes of North America. 2521

anterior nostril in a lonj; slit, the posterior l.irger, oblong in ehapo, and
^ concealed by a fold of skin ; eye small ; th«' teeth app«'ar only in minute
aK)>eritios, tbe intermaxillary band much wider in front than behind ; man-
dibulary band narrow throughout; vonn-rine baud very narrow, V-shaped ;
palatines iu ii long, broad band; gill openings wide, deeply cleft in front,
narrowly joined to the isthmus; branchiostegals 8; no pseudohranchia-;
gill rakers long and slender, not numerous; gill lauiinie moderately long,
a long slit behind the fourth gill ; scales very small; lateral lines 8; eau<lal
hn consisting of few rays, well dilferentiated from the dorsal and ana) ;
dorsal beginning not far behind head; ventrals .slightly in advance of the
pectorals and e«miposod of 2 rays, united by membrane, which forms a
margin around them; pectoral normal, several of its upper rayssivnple;
vent not much in advance of middle of total length. This genus agrees
with Poroga<hi8 in nearly every respect except in the scareitj- of spines on
the head and iu the structure of the ventrals. I'oroijadnH has the ventrals
composed of 2 distinct rays which are separated throughout their entire
length, but iu Pcnoptis the 2 rays ar^^ inclosed iu a membrane which con-
nects them and forms a margin around them. In I'oroyadua, also, the sul»-
operculum has a smooth m.irgin atid the opercular spine is weaker than iu
Penopiia, and is not curved. Deep seas. (Tfi'/yrf, thread; Ttovz, foot.)

^nr"

2802. PKXOPUS MACDOXALDI, (loodo & IJean.

D. 137; A. 102. Greatest lieight of ])ody e(iualing length of postorbital
part of head and about ', of total without eaudal; greatest width of body
anteri«»rly about 3 of Its greatest height; head stout, its greatest widlh
ecjualing f of its greatest dei»th and more than ^ of i^s length; width of
interorbital space about k length of head; eye very small, its length less
than k width of Interorbital space; distance from eye to tip of snout
e(;ualing length of l:!tern'axillavy ; distance of anterior nostril frou< tip
of snout e(iualing h'Ugtnof eye; distance of posterior nostril from eye
slightly less than its distance from tip of snout; uiaxillaiy expanded
behind and reaching somewhat behind eye, its length etiualing that of
snout; mandible extending much behiiul eye, its lenglli etpial to post-
orbital part of head. Dorsjii l)eginning over middllo ol peedual, its lays
well developed, tiiose iu middle of fin buiger than luiteiioi ones; anal
beginning uiuler twenty-seventh ray of (lorsal, middle lays longest; ])ec-
toral nearly A length of head and .ibout equal to distance of its tip from
vent; ventral about i distance of its origin from origin of anal. Lat-
eral lines 3, the uppermost beginning at the uppt'r angle of the gill opening,
((uickly approaching top of body near base ol dorsal and merging into
dorsal base about middle of tall; median lateral lino beginning a little
behind head and extending almost to root of caudal, becoming very litlnl
posteriorly; lowermost lateral lino with its origin under and not far from
base of pectoral, extending along lower side of tail ami merging into base
of anal tin somewhat beyond middle of length of tail. Color yellowish
brown; operculum, opercular (lap and branchiostegal membrane, pectoral,
and ventral dusky. Only a single specimen, :tl5 mm. long, known;
obtained by the AlhatroHH .September 18, 1886, at Station 27Hi, Lat. 3«'
3030 81

I'

- 1 li

I

2522 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

29' 30" N., Long. 70'^ 57' W., In i,631 iiitliouis. (Goode & Bean.) (Named
for Hon. Miirsliiill McDonald.)

Peiioinii tniiriliiDiiliU, i Imodk & Hean, Oi.i iiiiIi Ii li((l/(|//^*^, 336, fi{». 203, 18t»fl, Lat. 38° 39' 30"
N., Long. 7u 3/' W,, In ifiv futhoms. (TyptN N/i. 'Ml9.)

> ''■

I>icnileni% (iOoiik A Mean, Diill.Miia. (/'omji. Zoo/., x, No. 5, 2W, J883 (inlrntiigra).

Ilrotulida witli Itody moderately eonipressed; head Homewliat eoni-
]>re8sed; uioiitli large; tip of maxillary much dilated; eye latge, placed
close to dctrsal profile. Head with supraorbital spines; .several strong
spines on j)reo|KTele and 1 long spine at upper angle of opercle. Soont
nhort, not projeeting I ond the upper jaw; jaws sube(iiial. Teeth in
narrow villiforni hnuiln in eaeh jaw, on head of vomer, and on {lajntines.
No ])arbol. Gill oin-nings wide, membranes net united ; gills I ; gill laniime
of moderate length; gill rakers rather h>ng, not nuiiicrous; i^seiidobran-
ebia- absent. Caudal not coniluent with, dorsal and anal, bnt wiv>boiit a
distinct peduncle. Dorsal and anal linsloiig; pectoral rays in 2 groufis,
several of the lov/er ones being .-.cj»arated and much produced ; ventrais ft
pair of bifid rays, close together on the isthmus. UruichioHtegalsS. Uody
and head covered with small scales; lateral line <]<>bv to b/iMi iif dorsal
flu, apparently becoming obscdete on posterior third of boily. f^tiiiiimli
siphonal ; pyh»ric cjeea few and rudimentary; intestine shorter than body,
peenaea; a single species known. (S/w/jooj, forked; (oXe'i'tf, Uinh.)

2803. DIC'BOIiENE 1XTR0M<>IBA, Goodn & Bean.

ITeadr*; eye largo, 1 in head; interorbital width 4. 1). 100; A. about
85; C. fjor 7; V. 1; P. 19-f 7 or 8; scales 110 to 120. Jlody moderately
compressed, its dorsal and ventral outlines approaching at an ui|ual angle
the horizontal axis, and tapering to a narrow point. Dead somewhat cojj-
pressed, with Hattish upper surface, which is ejiero.iched upon by tlie
upper margin of orbit; a strong spine at posterior uppei margin of orbit,
pointing backward and upward; a long, sharjt si)ine at upper angle of
oi)orele, its exposed portion 2 in eye; 3 equidistant spines on lower pos-
terior border of preoperele, much weaker than that on opercle. Large
mucifeiouH eavifies in bones of h'ad; a row of large cavities extending
biM'kward from up|)er angh^ of orbit, and continuous with those on lateral
liue. Mouth large, its elelt considerably more than .j head, the nnixillary
extending beyond eye and with scales upon its ox])aD<l<'d tip. Distance
from snout to origin of dorsal tin f, total length; anal inserted under
twenty-fifth t»r twenty -sixth dorsal ray ; height of dorsal and anal fins each
about eijuul to eye; length of ( audiil iin 2 in distance from snout to dorsal;
ventrais about e«jnal to upper jaw; pyctorals inserted close to brapchial
apeiture, the 8 lower rays free and much prolonged, the longest and most
anterior being about 3 in body, and more than 3 times as long as the con-
tiguous posterior ray of the normally constructed portion of the fin,
whieii is, however, about e^ual to the last tree rays. West Indies, Gulf of

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North A.nerica. 2523

Mexico, and Gulf Straaiu in various localities, :incl off' coast; of Soudan and
on the bank d'Arguin, in deep water, {intra, within; nigcr, black.)

JHcrolene iutroni<jra, Goode &. Bean, IJull. Muh. Coinp. Zool., x, Xo. 5, 202, 1883, Gulf
Stream, Lat. 39° 59' 45" N., Long. eS"" 54' W. (Coll. Jilake); GOnthek, Challenjier
Kej»ort, xxn, 107, 1687; Vaillant, Exp. Sci. Travaillcur et TiiliHiiia:i, 258, pi. 23, fig.
2, 1838 i Goode & Bean, Ocoanic Ichthyology, 338, flg. 297 A and B, 189tj.

971. MIXONUS, Giinther.

ifixonus, GCntheb, Challenger Report, xxn, 108, 1887 (lalieept).

|jOwer pectoral rays free, not nnited by membrane with, but in8erte<l
on lii^ s.ime base as, the upper part of the tin; they are but slightly
stronger Diaji the other rays and prolonged, liody elongate, compressed,
•oveied with euall; very thin and deciduous scales. Head slightly
compressed, broad and Ihit jibove, depressed in front, naked (witli tlie
exception of the parts between the mandibles, and, perhaps, of the
cheeks). Bones thin, with muciferous system moderately devehiped; only
I 8/jiall spine aliove on the operculum; preoperculum without spine. Eye
small. Vertical fins united, but the narrov.' caudal projecting beyond the
short dor.sal and anal rays. Ventrals eaeli reduced to a lilament, whi<n
eonai«tfl 0/ 2 rays firmly Ijoiind together in their whole length; they are
ijaserted hkhipH ^^e atitfforal symphysis and close together. Snout broad,
///finded, searrc/y 6tf/rJftppiug thi' lower jaw. Mouth verj' wide; villiform
i0bth ill tbe jaws, on thfe v///neiv, and palatine bones, (iill lamina' short;
jCfill rakfirs long, not very c/</s6/y set. Pseudobianchia' none. (/'/|'f,
Itllxint*', lialf; Oniia, a synonym of (taUhopaarna, the rockling. )

2894. MIXDXrS LATICEPS ((Uintlur).

Head 2; deptli3; fye 8 in bead; snout 1. 1'. 17. Greatest depth of body
below origin of dorsal fin; distaiic(> of vent from snout % its distance from
extremity of spi.ia/ <'olumn. Crown of h<'ad remarkably convex, covered
with an extremely thin an<l transparent ekin, which, perhaps, in older
examples is scaly; inteiorbital space less convex, ;ind equaling in width the
length of snout including the<yc; ey<^ small, above middle of length of tlio
maxillary; posterior nostrils wide, open, in front of the eye. Distance of
vent from ventrals exceeds length of head; origin of dorsal tin above
root of pectorals, its rays of modeiato length, but longer than those of
anal ; jtcctora! with a rath<'r narrow base, as long as head without snout,
its rays feeble, 3 or 4 lower ones a little stouter, detached, an<l prolongo<l;
ventral (ilanioiitt n<tt reaching as far backwanl as pectoral, (iill rakers
10, much longer than the lamina-. Whitish, with the abdomen and gill
ap]»aratus black. Mid-Atlantic, in profound depths. One specimen, oil
inches long, was obtaine<l in mid- Atlantic {ChuUenger Station 101), at the
enormous depth of 2,.")(K) fathoms. The secoml (type of Siniiilid niinthei'i)
was taken otf Cape V^erde, in ;J,20() meteis. {hiliis, broad; -tcpH, head.)

Hathynecle* lalicfps, GOnthfb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Jlist. 1878, 20, mid-Atlantic, in 1,500 fath-
oms. (Coll. Vhallenijer.)

Siranlx) ijwithi'ri, Vau.i.ANT, Kxp. Sd. 'ftflv. (H Tiilisnion, 268, p.. XXIV, fltf. .'5, 18811, off the
Cape Verde Island.s. at a depth of 3,300 meters.

Mixoiiiix lalifi'jit, t;( r-THEK, Cliiilliiigcr IJipor', .\xii. JOS, |il. :<o, llg. H, JKH?; (ioniiK A. Bkan,
Uceunic lchtli>o|ug^, im.ttu.UO A, 1806.

i

> •>

: 1 A:

if

i!*

m^

2524 B^illetin ^7, United States National Museum.

972. BARATHRONUS, Goode &l Beau.

Jiarathrontis, Goode & Bean, Bull. Miis. Conip. Zool., x, No. 5, 1(54, 1883 (bicolor).

Brotulids having the head .stunt, body and tail compressed, covered
t'losely by skin; Hcaleless; vent far behind pectoral, included in a cleft;
month wide, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; intermaxillary teeth rudi-
mentary; several fang-like teeth on the head of the vomer, none on pala-
tines, a few rather large, recurved, separated teeth in the mandible; nos-
trils close together and small; eye visible through the skin, partly upon
the top of the head, with or without dark pigment in the iris; barbel
none ; gill rakers very numerous and slender, and rather long ; gill laminae
well developed on all the arches; no pscmdobranchias ; head full of mucif-
erous channels; gill membranes not united, but covered by a fohl of skin;
veutrals reduced to single simple rays, jdaced in advance of the pectorals
and close to the humeral symphysis ; dorsal and anal placed far back ;
caudal scarcely differentiated, composed of rather numerous, very slender
rays upon a somewhat narrow base. {fidpaOpoi', the abyss; uvoi, Onus,
the rockling. )

2895. BAKATHROIVUS niCOLOR, Goode .t Bean.

Head 5', in total, its width j its length; depth G^; orbit 4J in head;
interorbital width i'i. 1). about 70; A. 57. Body much compressed; eye
concealed by tl'e skin; maxillary extending slightly beyond the perpen-
dicular through posterior margin of orbit, almost entirely concealed under
the jireorbital, and much expanded at tip, where its width is rather greater
than that of eye. Intermaxillary very thin, broad, and slightly protract-
ile; vomer very close to intermaxillary symphysis, its head somewhat
raiscfl and bearing 3 fang-like teeth (2 of which are off one side and 1 on
the other in the type), separated by a moderately wide interspace; man-
dible with 5 enlarged, separate, recurved teeth upon each side, which
increase in si/e posteriorly, its upper edge, posteriorly, produced above
the level of the tooth-bearing surface, and received under the expanded
maxillary; longest gill raker about as long as eye. Dorsal origin dis-
tant from the snout about A total length; dorsal rays well developed,
numerous, long, !ind sleiidei-, the longest about 3 times in length of head;
anal originating in vertical from fourteenth dorsal ray, equidistant from
eye and base of caudal, longest rays about as long as those in tln^
dorsal; pectoral with a (leshy base, its length a little less than height
of body. Ventral well in advance of pectoral, close to humeral 8ym])hy-
sis, the rays being ])laced very close together at their origin, the length of
the lin contained about D times in the total length, about 3 times in the
distance from its origin to the vent. Caudal with about 10 rays, its length
about H times in total length. Color yellowish white, with a broad ver-
tical band of black from origin of ventral nearly to vciit; another similar
and narrower band above it upon each side, fhe type, 120 mm. long,
from nidhe Station l>XXI, off (inadaloupe, at a depth of 769 fathoms,
((ioodc & Hean.) {bicolor, two-colored.)

Haraihron k.i bicolor, GoouK \ Hean, Bull. Miih. Conip. Zool., x. No. 6, 164, 1883, off Guada-
loupe, in 769 fathoms (Coll. .BiaAr) ; Gooue \ Bean, Ocoiiulc Ichthyology, 341, flg.
:!i)8, 18U6.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2525

973. APHYONUS, Giinther.

Aph)/onus, GOnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, 22 (gelatinngus).

Head, body, and tapering tail strongly compressod, enveloped in a thin,
scaleless, loose skin. Vent far behind the pectornl, at nearly the niitldle
of the total length. Snout swollen, projecting beyond tlio month, which
is wide. No teeth in the npperjaw; small conical teeth in the lower,
pluriserial in front and nniserial on the side. Vomer with a few rudi-
mentary teeth ; palatine teeth none. Nostrils closi^ together, small. No
externally visible eye. Harbel none. Ventrals reduci'd to simple fila-
ments, placed close together and near to the humeral symphysis, dill
membranes not united. Four branchial arches, the posterior without gill
laminie, the anterior with very short gill rakers and with ratlier short
gill lamin.e. Head covered with a system of wide nniciferous channt'ls and
sinuses, the dermal bones being almost membranaceous, while the others
are in a semicartilaginous condition. Notochord persistent, but with a
superficial indication of the vertebral segments, as in some Leptocepha-
line forms. (Giinther.) (d:0i'7/, anchovy, a small translucent fish; Vniia,
the rockling. )

2896. APHYONCS MOLLIS, Goode & Bean.

Body much compressed, its greatest height fi in its total length. Head
thicker than body, its height slightly greater. Length of head about
4i in total, width over I its length. Snout 3i in length of head. Eye
not externally visible. Diameter of orbit, as seen through the skin,
about i length of liead. Maxillary extending to vertical through posterior
margin of orbit, the mandible somewhat farther back, its I<'ngth nearly
equal to height of body. A few weak teeth on vomer, palatines, .ind
mandible, and very rudimentary ones in maxillary, not visible to the eye,
but appreciable to the touch, (iill laminae on the fourth and rudimentary
gill rakers, 8 rudiments and 4 d(^veloped below the an^^le. Dor.sal origin
almost over posterior edge of operculum, its distance from the snout i of
total length, dorsal rays more than 110, well developed, the longest 3 in
head; anal origin slightly nearer base of caudal than to the tip of snout,
its rays shorter than those in the dorsal; pectoral with a lleshy base, its
origin somewhat l)ehind that of the dorsal, its length equal to Avidth of
head; ventral origin in advance of that of pectoral, cl<»se to humeral
symphysis, the lin a single simple ray, whose lengfh ecjuals that of the
pectoral, its tip not reaching vent by a space eipial to height of licad.
Skin not loose. Texture of body rather firm, not transparent; whitish.
Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. This species is closely allied to Ajutinruis
(jeUitinoans. (Goode &l ISean.) {mollis, soft.)

Aphymm* moUit, Goode & Bkax, Bull. Miis. Coinp. Zool., X, No. 5, 16H, 188:), Lat. 24° 36'
N., Long. 84° 5' W., in 955 fathoms (Coll. Blake) ; Goodk & Bean, Oceanic Iclitliy-
ology, -M::, fig. 299, 1890.

Family CCXII. HRKGMACEIlOTIDiE.

Body stout, with rol>u8t caudal portiou, trunciitc or convex Ix^hind,
almost without procurrent caudal rays above or below; vent before mid-

■*V' '"1 \

' -^ '-"1

^imy »

nm^i^'i

I li

I n

252G Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

die of body; suborbitals modcrato; no barbels, spines, nor cirri on head;
month terminal, with minute teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines;
ventrals jugular, extremely long, few-rayed, the rays dilatfl and sepa-
rate nearly to base. Dorsal fins 2, the first an elongate, sic iler occipi-
tal ray; second dorsal on post<^rior half of body, of soft ray.-, Icpressed
medially, so that it forms 2 lobes; no spines in fins. Anal nearly similar
to the soft dorsal and similarly depressed in the middle; dorsal and anal
depressible in a groove of scales. Hypercoracoid perforate; no pseudo-
branchiie; gill openings wide, the membranes free from the isthmus. A
single genns with 2 or 3 species found in the open sea, probably near the
surface; widely distributed. The presence of the hypercoracoid foramen
shows that this family is allied to the lirotiilidw rather than to the (iadidw.
From the Brotultdw it is mainly distinguished by the development of its
dorsal and ventral fins.

SI

si

MK

974. BREGMACEROS, Thompson.

Bregmaeerot, Thompson, in Chariesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., iv, 1840, 184 (maccUUandii).
Calloptilum, Richakdson, Voy. Snlph.. Fiah., 94, pi. 46, figs. 4-7, 1843 (mirum).
Anthemirus, Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bongal 1865, 32 (atripinnis).

Chiiracteis of the genus included above, {fipeyiia, the upper part of
the head, the nape; Hepa?, horn.)

a. Scales in transverse Herics 14 ; scales in lateral series 58 to 64.

MACCLELLANDH, 2897.

aa. Scales in transverse series 10; in lateral series 65; anterior lobes of dorsal and
anal lower than in Ji. macelellandii. atlanticus, 2898.

2897. BBEOMACEROS HiCCLELLAXDII, Tbompson.

Head 5|; depth 6^. D. about 1, 18-X-22 (16-f X-15); A. about 18, X, 22
(22, X, 20) ; V. 4 or 5 ; scales 58-14 (64-14). Body moderately elongate, com-
pressed, the form somewhat as in Opliidion, the bjKik not elevated. Head
short and small, moderately compressed; bones of head thin, without ser-
rature or spiue; eye moderate, 3 in head; interorbital space ridged, about
as broad as eye; snout blunt, rather shorter than eye; nu>uth very obli(|ue,
the jaws snl)equal ; maxillary reaching to beyond middle of eye, 2,1 in head ;
lower jaw Hattish, cruved u])ward; teeth in both jaws moderate, slender,
close set, recurved, apparently in a single series. Tongue conspicuous;
no teeth evident on vomer or palatineK; branchiostegals 7 or 8; gill mem-
branes separate, free from tlie i.sthmus; no evident pscudobrauchia'; gill
rakers obsolete; no Itarbels about jaws. Mody with rather large, thin,
caducous scales (nearly all of them fallen in the typical specimens so that
they can not be counted). Dorsal fin beginning with a single long and
very sleii.der spine on occiput, this nearly ^ longer than head. Behind this,
for a distance aliout e([inil to its length, the riidimentary rays, if present, do
not rise above the sheath on each side. Nearly opposite the vent begins
the dorsal proper, the distance of its lirst ray from snout being about i
length of body; about 12 rays are moderately elevated, about 'i length of
head. The others are 4radually shorter itud more slender, becoming too

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2527

small to count, until just before caudal, where tbe fin becomes conspicu-
ous again, this posterior lobe not ^ so high as the anterior. Anal oppo-
site dorsal and similar to it, the first ray close behind vent; caudal free
from dorsal and anal, the caudal peduncle truucate at its base. Ventrals
of 3 long rays, with a fourth at the inner base of the third ; this fourth is
probably a rudiment of 2. The ventrals are jugular in position, the rays
very long and filamentous, the longest about \ the body, reaching to the
middle of anal fin. Pectorals inserted high, somewhat shorter than head.
Vent slightly behind end of anterior ^ of total length. Color brown above,
sides and below silvery ; back and base of anal closely dotted with dusky ;
dorsal mostly dusky; caudal pale, dusky at base, with a narrow white
cross bar; lower fins pale; the dark marking on front of back assume
something of the form of lengthwise streaks. Tropical Pacific; Bay of
Bengal; Philippine Islands; coast of China, etc., east to the coast of
Central America, living near the surface in the open sea. Here described
from the types of Brvymaccroa baihymaDtcr, two specimens, IJ and 2 inches
in length, dredged at Albatross Station 2804, south of Panama, in 47 fath-
oms depth. Two others, 4 inches long, found later oflf the coast of Panama.
A recomparisonof these latter specimens with Giinther's* detailed account
of B, macclellandii shows no dift'erence whatever, and we regard B. bathy-
viaster as identical with the latter. Giinther counts the scales 64-14 ; we
find 58-14. In our largest spt^cimens the ventrals reach middle of anal.
(Named for Dr. John McClelland, of the Bengal Medical Service, who
first studied the fishes of the Gauges.)

Bregmaceros macclellandii, Thompson, iu Cliarlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., iv, 1840, 184,

mouth of the Ganges ; GDnthkh, Cat., iv, 368. 1862.
Calloplilum mirtm, Richakdson, Voyage Sulphur, Fish., 95, pi. 40, ligs. 4-7, 1843.
Anthenurus atripinni$, Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Sec. Bengal 1865, 32, with ])late. Bay of

Bengal.
Bregmaceros batliymagter, Jordan & Bollman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, Lat. 8° 13' 30"

N., Long. 79° 37' 45" 'W., southivest of Panama. (Type, No. 41137. (.'oil. Albatrotg.)
Bregmaceros atripinnis, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loiid. 1809, 522, Bay of Bengal ; types, yarao

8])eciinciia described by Tickell.

Vr

ri

I i

■ r f

2898. BBEUMAt'EBOS ATLAMUIS, Goode & I?ean.

Head 5f ; depth 7? in total length. D. 1-1.5, X, 16; A. 15 or 16 -f X (7 or
8) -j- 21 or 22 ; scales 6.")-10. Length 46 mm. Body compressed, moderately
elongate. Interorbital area convex, its width greater than eye, which is
4 in head; j.iws even in front; niiixillary reaching to vertical through
middle of eye; mandible to vertical through posterior margin of eye;
teeth in intermaxillary minute, apparently iu a single series; mandibu-

* The foliowinK is Dr. Giinther's account of Bregmaceros maeclellandii, taken from spcci-
nieus from the Cliiiia Sea:

"B.7; U. I, lO+.X + lf); A.221X+2O; V.5or(i; 8cale.s 64 -14. Occipital rayverv slender,
longer than head; dorsal and anal tins deprossiblc iu a groove fornuMl \)y ilio scales along
the bases of fliesci flns: anterior portioiis of dorsal and aniil elevated, connected with the
posterior lower ])ortion by a series of very sliort extremely feeble rays, \eiit lit end of
anterior tliird of total length. Tliri'e outer r!iv» of ventral fins iljlaled, compressed, sim-
])1(', much elongate, reaching to or nearly to niid<ile of anal; thi' secoiid aud third rays
s<imetimes united at base, bilvery, minutely dotted with brown.

1- I

i!

-^■-

2528 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

lary te<'th biscrial, tho inner teeth enlarged. Cephalic appendage reaching
nearly to base of first dorsal, its length \\ in total. Distance of dorsal
from snout 2\ in total, that of the anal the same; the dorsal and anal
fins received in a groove formed by the scales .along their bases; ante-
rior portion of second dorsal aiid second anal less elevated than in li,
macclcllandii. The ditl'eientiations between the developed and undevel-
oped rays of the anal are so slight that the limits of the so-called anterior
and posterior sections of the Jin Ciin not be determined. Length of the
longest anal ray about 2 in body length. Specimens were obtained by the
Jilakv at the following stations: XCIX, off (iranada, 90 fathoms; CXIII,
off Neris, 305 fathoms; CLXXXV, Lat. 25^ 33' N., Long. 81" 21' W., 101
fathoms. ((Joode & JJean.) This species seems doubtfully distinct from
li. macvleUandii. (atJanticus, of the Atlantic.)

liregmaeeros atlanticns, Goode & Bean, Hull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xn, No. 5, 165, 188C, West
Indies, off Granada and Neris (Coll. Jilake); Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology,
■ 388, lig. 331, 1896.

Suborder ANAOANTHINI.
(The Jugular Fishes.)

Vertical fins very long, destitute of true spines ; tail isocercal, the pos-
terior vertebra' progressively smaller; ventrals '.iugular, without spines;
hypercoracoid without perforation or foramtm; no pseudobranchia;. The
osteological characters of this group, called by him (ladoidea, are thus
given by Dr. Gill :

" Jngnlares with the orbito-rostral portion of the cranium longer than
the posterior portion, the cranial cavity widely open in front; the supra-
occipital well developed, horizontal and cariniform behind, with the
exoccipitals contracted forward and overhung by the supraoccipital,
the exoccipital condyles distant and feebly developed, with the hyper-
coracoid entire, the hypocoracoid with its inferior process convergent
toward the proscapula, and the fenestra- between the hypercoracoid and
hypocoracoid." (Gill, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 170.)

A large and important group, chiefly confined to the cold depths of the
ocean and the northern seas. From all other typical fishes they are sep-
arated by the entire hypercoracoid. (tij'- privative, without; duavOa,
spine. )

a. Caudal fln present; tail not greatly elongate; body tapering or coniform behind,
with many prot'iirreiit caudal rays above and below; yiiborbitals modi rate.
b. Frontal bones paired, with a triangular excavated area above, the divergent
frontal crests continuous from the forked ociipital crest ; ribs wide, approxi-
mated, channeled below or with iuilected sides; no barbels.

MEULirCCUDiE, CCXIII.

bb. Frontal bones normal, not forming a triangular excavated area above; ribs
normal; chin witl> a liarbel (rarely obsolete). (iADll)^, ccxiv.

aa. Caudal Un wanting; tail very long, tapering behind; suborbitals very brond.

Macboukiu^, CC'XV.

Jordaji and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2529

Family CCXIII. MKRLUCCIID.E.

(The Hakes.)

Body moderately olouf^ate, covered with small, smooth, deciduous scales ;
posterior part of hody coniform and with the caudal rays procunent
forward; vent submodiau. Head elongate, depressed, pike-like; suborbi-
tal bones moderate ; mouth terminal, with strong teeth; no barbels; ven-
trals subjugular; dorsal iius 2, a short anterior and long posterior one,
a long anal corresponding to the second dorsal; ribs wide, approximated,
and clianneled below or with inllocted sides; frontal bones paired, exca-
vated, with divergent crests continuous from the forked ocoi]>ital crest.
A single genus, with about 4 species; large cod-like fishes, of voracious
habit, inhabiting moderate depths, and distinguished from the Gadid(r.
mainly by the structure of the frontal bones and the ribs. {Mcrlucciidw,
Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 772.)

975. MERLUCCIUS, Rafinesque.
(Hakes.)

Merlucehis, Rafinesque, Cnrntteri <li Alcuni Nuovi Generi, etc.,20, 1810(werJi/(ciM«).
Omit, Rakinkscjuk, liuliciMl'lttiol. Sicil., 12, 1810 (riofi = 7HPW(/cci«*) ; substitute for Mer-

lucciHS.
Merlamivs, Rafinesque, Indioo d'lttiol. Sicil.,30, 1810 {riali) ; substitute for Omu.
Merhu, Guichenot, in Gay, Hist. Nat. Cliili, Znol., il, 328, 1847 (ijayl).
Stomotlon, Mitohili,, Kept. Fish. N. Y. 1814. 7 {bilinraris) .
ITomalopovius, GinARi), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1850, 1,'t2 (troivhridgei).
Epicopus, GOnther, Cat. Fisb. Brit. Mus., Ii, 248, 1800 (garji).

Body elongate, covered with small, deciduous scales. Head slender,
conical, the snout long, depressed; a well-defined, oblong, triangular
e.xcavation .at the forehead, bounded by the ridges on the separated frontal
bones, these ridges converging backward into the low occipital crest; eye
rather large; edge of preopercle free; preopercle with a channel behind
its crest, crossed l)y short radiating ridges; mouth large, oblique; maxil-
lary extending to opposite the eye; lower Jaw longer; no barbels;
Jaws with slender teeth, of various sizes, in about 2 series, those of the
inner row longer and movable ; vomer Avith similar teeth ; palatines tooth-
lass. Branehiostegale 7. Gill rakers long; gill membranes not united.
Dorsal fins 2, well separated, the first short, the second long, with a deep
emargiiiation; anal emarginate, similav to second dorsal; ventral fins
well developed, with about 7 rays; vertebra' petMiliavly modified, the neu-
ral spines well developed and wedged into one another; frontal bone
double and the skull orherwise peculiar in several respects. S])ecie8 sev-
eral, very similar in iippenranee; ill-favored fishes of soft fiesh and fragile
fins, inhabiting water of some depth. Large voracioii.s fishes, little valued
as food. {Mcrlucviua, the ancient name, meaning sea piki'.)

a. Scalfis inodcrnte, abemt 110 in lateral line; feetli very str«ng. 1). 10-.36; A. 36.

MERLUCCIUS, 2899.

aa. Scalo.s small, 135 to l.''>(> in lateral line ; toetli moderate. 1). 11 to 13-41 ; A. 41 .

h. VentraKs liing,ai)iiut 1^ in bead. iiimnkakis, 2600.

hh. Voiilralu .sliort, about 2i in bead. PHODUCTrs. 2901.

4--

II:

2530 Bulletin 47 ^ United States National Museum.

2SU0. MKRLUCOIUN NKRIiUCCIlIS (Liniiiciis).
(EuROPBAN Hake.)

Head largo, 3i; derth 6i. D. 10-36; A. 30; vertolmn 25-f 26; scales 150.
Ventnils a littlo more than \ hojul; teeth very long. Dusky above, sil-
very below; dorsal, caudal, and distal part of pectoral blackish; iuside of
operdo bla<!k ; inside of mouth Idack posteriorly, pale in front; peritoneum
black. Coasts of Europe, generally abundant, south to Madeira and Italy,
straying to Greenland.* Hert; (les»'ribed from specimens taken at Genoa.
The identity of the Grec^uland Hake with M. mrrlurHiiaf is perhaps
uncertain. (Ku.) (««Ti»<ccJM«, ancient name; marc, sea; Ahcjms, pike.)

Qadvs vierlneeiut, LiNN^;rs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 254, 1758, Europe ; after aiittiors.
3lerlvcciii,i xmirUlus, IJakinesque, (^'aiatteri. etc., 20, 1810; .TOKDAN & Gilbert, Synopsis,

800, 1883; LiU-iKRORO, .Svorigca Fisko, n, 121, 1801.
Oadui ruber, LAci^^rKDE, Iliat. Nat. Poiss., v,C73, 1803, Scotland; Dieppe; on notes by M.

NoEL; young.
(ladus merlm, Kisso, lehth. Nice, 122, 1810, Nice.

1)nu» riali, ItAFiNESciUE, ludico d'lttiol. Sicil., 26, 1810; Hulmtitute for merluccius.
Mi-rluciu.1 vulfiaris, Fi.emino, Urit. Anim., 195, 1828; GL'ntiieu, Cat., iv,344, 1862.
Merluecius encnlmtxu, IIisso, Eur. M6rid., ui, 1820, 220, Nice.
.' Merlueeius amhii/viit, LowE, I'roc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1840, 37, Madeira.
^ferlucci1l»t simiatut, Swainson, in Lowe, I'roc. Zool. Soc. 1840, 38.
Merlueing lanatui, GiioNOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 130, 1854, Mediterranean.
Kpieopns guyi, Gi'NTHEK, Cat., n, 248, I860, no locality; noiM.gayi, Guichenot, which is

th(! Chilian Hake.
Merlucdtig linncei, Malm, Gtitheborgs och Boliusliins Fauna, 489, 1877.

2»00. MERLUCCIUK BILIXEARIS (MitcLill).
(Silver Hake; New Enoland Hake; Whiti.vo.)

Head 3f ; depth 6.V. D. 13-41; A. 40; scales 100 to 110. Top of head
with W-shaped ridges v<^ry conspicuous; eye shorter than snout and less
than interorbital width; maxillary reaching posterior border of pupil;
teeth not very large, smaller than in the European species, Merluccius
merluccius. Scales larger than in other species; pectorals and ventrals
long, the latter reaching J distance to vent, their length about ^ that
of head. Grayish, darker above, dull silvery below; axil and edge of
pectoral somewhat blackish; iuside of opercle dusky silvery; inside of
mouth dusky bluish; peritoneum nearly black. Coasts of New England
and northward to Straits of Belle Isle; south, in deep water, to the Baha-
mas; rather common ; used as food; breeding in deep water, though often
taken near shore, northward. This species resembles the European Hake,
Merluccius msrlucciua, but the latter has smaller scales, about 150, and
larger teeth. {Jnlincarta, two-lined.)

♦The Iceland Hake has been described as Merluccius ocj/«m<«<m» (Faber). According
to Faber, it has large teeth, the mouth white within, and the rays D. 15-43 ; A. 51 ; the tins
deeply notched. It is perhaps a valid 8])(!cies, and, if so, it doubtless occurs in Greenland.
{anjentatu*, silvered.)

(ladus merluccius {argentatus), Fabkr, Fiache I.sland.'s, 90, 1829, Iceland.
Merluccius argentatus. GOniHER, Cat., iv, 340, 1802.

t "Dans TAni^rique du Nord, on citece poisaon doGrronland, niais I'oxactitude de cette
indication parait douteuse." (CoUett, Conip. Sei. Hirondelle, 1890, 58.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, -531

Stomodmi bilinearU, Mitchill, Kept. Fish. N. Y., 7, 1814, New York.
<ladv» allidut, M itchii.l, Joxiru. Ac. Nat. .Sd. Philii., i, I8I7, 409, New York.
MerluduH albiduH, Stuukr, Hist. V\»h. Mass., 1163.

Merliieiut bUinearii, (lOODB \ 1?kan, liull. Ks-wx Iimt., xi, 9, 1871), Jokdan Si. GlLUERX, Syn-
opsis, 809, 1883 ; GouuE & Bean, Oceanic Iditliyology, 386, ilg. 330, 1806.

2»01. NKKLIKCIUS I'ltODIJCTI 8 (Ayres).

Hoiul 3J; dcptli 7. I). 11-41; A. 43; V. 7; sciiles i:m. Hoad with the
W-Hliaped lidgeB less stroiif^ly markttd; maxillary reaching center of
pupil; eye large; pectorals long and narrow, icacliiug vent; veutrals
niucli smaller .than in M.hilincaria, reaching halfway to vent, their length
about :, that of head ; caudal somewhat forked. Keales ipiite small, decid-
uous. Teeth moderate. Silver giny; head dusted with coarse Idack
dots; insijh' of mouth and opercle ,jet-hlack; peritoneum silvery, with
l)lack specks. Length 3- feet. Pacific^ coast of America, from Santa Cata-
lina Island northward to Pnget Sound; everywhere abunthint at moderate
depths; used as food, {productus, drawn out.)

Mei-langus produetun, Ayrks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Hci. 1855, 64, San Francisco.

Iloinalopomvs trowhridgii, GiRARi), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PLila. 1856, 132, Astoria, Oregon.
(Coll. Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge.)

fladus 2>roductus, GiiNTHER, Cat., iv, 338, 1862.

MerlucciiisprodueUis, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 247; Jordan \- Giluert, Syn-
opsis, 809, 1883.

Family CCXIV. OADID^.

(The Codfisiiks.)

Body more or less elongate, the caudal region moderate, coniform
1)ehiud, and with the caudal rays procurrent above and below; vent sub-
median; suborbital bones moderate; scales small, ej^cloid; mouth large,
terminal; chin with a barbel, more or less developed. (Jill openings very
wide; gill membranes separated or somewhat united, couuuonly free from
the isthmus; no spines, the lin rays all articiilated. Dorsal fin extending
almcst the length of the back, forming I, 2, or 3 fins; anal lin long, single
or divided; caudal fin distinct, or contluent with the dorsal and anal;
ventral fins juguhar, but attaiihed to the pubic bone, each of 1 to 8
liranched rays. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. No pseudobrauchia-.
Kdge of pr«!opercle usually covered by skiu of head. Pyloric ca-ea usually
numerous, but sometimes few or none. Air blad<ler generally well devel-
oped. Genera about 25, species about 140; an important family, many of
its members being highly valued as food. They inhabit chiefly the north-
ern seas, sometimes venturing into the oceanic abysses. One genus ( Lola)
is confined to the fresh waters. (Gadidn', Giinthcr, Cat., iv, 326-369.)

GADINiE:
a. Anal ilivided into 2 separate fins; dorsal iln divided into 3.

b. Lower jaw distinctly projecting; barbel small or obsolete; candal concave
behind,
c. Teeth in upper jaw slender, wide, sot in 1 or 2 series ; caudal forked.

BOREOOADHS, 976.

ee. Teeth in npper jaw in a-villiform band, the outer somewhat larger; caudal
lunate.

ill]

T

^^#

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

11.25

UiM2A |Z5

|»o ^^~ H^S

■ii 1^ 12.2

^ H& 12.0

IIIMB

U |,.6

Photographic

Sciences

Corpcialion

^

^.

>.

4(^.>.

>.

33 WBT MAIN STRUT

WltSTIR,N.Y. MSM

(7U) 173-4503

\

w

2532 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

n

!'•

4 '

d. Subopercle and postclavicle normal, both thin and flat, not enlarged

and ivory-like. Pollachiuh, 977.

dd. Subopercle and postclavicle enlarged, the bone dense and smooth,

like ivory. Thebaora, 978.

bb. Lower jaw included ; barbel well developed ; caudal not concave buhind.

e. Hypocoracoid not swollen and ivory-1 ike; lateral liuepalo; supraoccipital
crest moderate.
/. Transverse processes of vertebras thickened, swollen, and ivory-like
at tip ; small codfishes of the Arctic. Eleginus, 979.

ff. Transverse processes of verte))ra) not swollen at tip.
<f. Vent in front of second dorsal; size very small.

MlCROQADDS, 980.

gil. Vent below second dorsal ; typical codfishes of large size.

Uadus, 981.

ee. Hypocoracoid much swollen and lvorj--like; lateral line black; mouth

small, the maxillary not reaching to opposite eye ; supraorcipital crest

very high. Melanooramhds, 982."

aa. Anal &v forming a continuous fin or sometimci^ deeply notched ; dorsal not divided

into 3 fins.

h. Dorsal fin divided into 2 fins.

i. Anterior dorsal composed of distinct rays, similar to those in second
dorsal.
j. Ventral fins rather broad, each of about 6 rays.
Mori Nil!::
k. Anal fin with a deep notch.

{. Snout not much depressed, its edge without keel; tail slender.

Lepidion, 983.
II. Snout flat, depressed, keeled on the edge; tail attenuate.

Antimora, 984.

LOTIN^ :

kk. Anal fln not notohed ; mouth terminal.
m. Vomer tix thless.

n. Teeth in jaws unequal, outer scries enlarged.

0. Barbel obsolete. Uraleptus, 986.

00. Barbel will developed. Lotella, 986.

nn. Teeth in jaws all villitbrm ; barbel develoi>ed.

Thysiculus, 987.
mm. Vomer with teeth ; head not compressed.

p. Vomer and mandible without canines. Fresh-water

species. Lota, 988.

pp. Vomer and niandib!e armed with canines. Deep-

'vater species. Molva, 989.

rilYCiNiK :

jj. Ventral rays very slender, each of 1 or 2 rays.

g. Ventrals each of 2 or 3 slender rays. Urophycis, 990.

qq. Ventrals each of a single bifid ray. LiEMONEMA, 991.

Gaiuropsarin*::
n, Anterior dorsal formed of a single slender ray, followe<1 by a band of
fringes; ventrals each of 5 t<> 7 rays.

r. Barbels 3; snout with 2 barbels, 1 at each nostril, none at tip; chin

witi 1 barbel. GAiDRopsARrs, 992.

rr. Barbel.) 4; snout with 3 barbels, 1 at tip of snout and 1 on each

nostril ; chin with 1 barliel, liead high and compressed: no canines.

Enchblyopdh, 993.

BROSMINiB :

hh. Dorsal fin continuous, ur.divided; ventrals several-rayed; teeth on jaws,
vomer, and palatines ; mouth large ; ^Vontal bono. Bbosme, 994.

Jordan and Everttiann. — Fishes of North America. 2533

976. BOREOGADUS, (Juiither.

Uoreogadus, JUnthek, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iv, 336, 1862 (fabrieii).

This geuns is t-losely allied to Pollachiua, the body more slender, the
caudal fin inoro dt'«'ply forked, and the teeth in both jaws slender, shari),
wide set, in 1 or 2 series. Small codfishes of the Arctic. {fJopeios,
northern; Gadua.)

2902. ItOltKOUADrS 8A1DA (Leiiccliin).

Head 3^; depth 5^; eye liuhoad; snout 3^^; interorbital space 4^ ; gill
rakers 9 to 13 + 30 to 32. U. 13-14-20 ; A. 16-21. Body slender, little com-
pressed; head long, rather pointed, the lower jaw projecting; barbel
minute; maxillary reaching middle of pupil; mandible 2 in head; teeth
in upper jaw in 1 s«'ries, except in front, when the row is double; teeth in
lower jaw uniserial; teeth nearly nniform in size, sharp, and wide set;
teeth on vomer few, similar to those in jaws. Gill rakers numerous, long
and slender, the longest } eye ; vent sli}i[htiy before second dorsal ; caudal
peduncle plender, rounded, its d«>pth scarcely more than ^ eye. Pectorals
reachinf^ vent. It in head; vontrals H, the second ray exserted for ^ its
length; ftrst dorsal highest; front of second dovsal midway b«'tweeu tip
of snout and base of caudal. Caudal forked for a distance ec^ual to ^ <>ye,
tho tips rounded. Color plain brownish, silvery below, the body witL line
black points, most numerous above; tlorsals and caudals dusky, the rays
blackish distally, their edge narrowly white; anal similarly colored, pale
at base; pectoralr uniform dusky, pale-edged; ventrals somewhat dusky;
peritoneum blackish. Length 6 to 8 inches. Arctic seas of Asia and
America, from Greenland to Siberia; generally common in the far North,
but rare in Hering Sea and south of Greeidand. Here described (by Mr.
Norman B. Scofield) from speci'nens from Davis Straits and Melville Bay,
Greenland, the largest 6| inches long, and from specimens taken by Mr.
Scofield at Point Barrow, Port Clarence, and Herschel Island. There is
no difference between Greenland and Alaskan specimens. The range of
tin rays is D. 12 to 15-12 to 15-18 to 22; A. 15 to 18-20 to 22. Concerning
its habits Mr. Scofield observes:

" This fish appears to be ([uite abundant north of Bering Straits. It was
especially brought t«> our notice by its habit of hiding in small holes in
the floating ice, from which it was dislodged by our steamer striking and
turning over the blocks of ic-e. This floating ice was usually in 7 fathoms
of water and 1 or 2 miles from the coast. At Herschel Island we took
it with th«« seine in shallow water along the beach. Lucieu H. Turner
reports it from St Michaels, where he took it through the ice in February,
and was told by the natives that it appeared there only in winter. Accord-
ing to Richardson it spawns in Gnn'nland in February, laying its eggs in
the 8eawee<ls along the shore under the ice." According to Hichardson,
In Northumberland Sound, " when hotly pursued by the Beluga or white
whale, it has been observed, in its endeavors to escape, to leap by hun-
dreds on the ice." (£u.) («atda, Kussiau name.)

1 ,:.

2534 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Gadtts saiiia, Lepeohi^^, Ifjv. Comni. Ac. Soi. Petrop. 1774, 512, 'White Sea ; Pallas,
Zoogr. ItoHso Asiat., in, 199, 1811 ; GOntheu, Cat., iv, 337, 1862 ; CoLLETT, Norske Nord-
Havs Expert , 126, 1880; Jokdan &. Gilbekt. Syiiopsiii, 307, 1883.

Merlangus ]iolai-iii,ii\myK, Supp. Parry's Voyage, c'cxi, 1824, Baffins Bay; Kichakuhon,
Last Arctic Voyage, 27, 1824.

Oad%i» fahricii, KiriiAKDSt)N, Fauna' Bor.^Anier., ill, 245,1836, northern bays of Green-
land; after Qadua cfglijinus of Fabricius.

Oadus agilis, Keinhakdt, Dansko Vid. Selak. Af b„ vii, 126, 1838, Greenland.

OadusglaciaUs, Peteus, Nord Pol. Expd., ii, 172, 1874.

Pollachius polaris, Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 218, 1861.

Bnreogadut polarU, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 233.

Boreogadut saida. Bean, Bull. V. S. Nat. Mus., iv, 108, 1879; Scofield, in Jordan &. Gil-
bert, Kept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

i!*' i'

I:

977. POLLACHIUS, Nilssou.
(Pollacks.)

PoUaehius, Nilsson, in Bonaparte, Catalogo Metortico Pesci Eurojt., 45, 1846 (pollachivs).

Body ratlitT elongate, t'overe«l with minute scaleis; month moderate or
large, the lowtT jaw projectiiifj;; barbel very small or obsolete; villiform
teeth on vomer, none on pa1atiD«>8; teeth in jaws equal or the outer
slightly eiiliirged ; gill membranes more or less united ; subopercle and
Ijostclavicle not enlarged and not ivory-like; dorsal Huh 3; anal 2; caudal
Icnate; vent under lirst dorsal. Large lishes of the northern seas.
(Poloj^ or Pollack, the English vernacular name, latinized as Pollachius,
as though derived from itoWaxf}, many fashioned.)

3903. POLLACHIUS VIRENS (Liumcus).

ii

(POLLACK; COAL-FISH ; GKEEN COD.)

Head 4; depth 41. D. 13-22-20; A. 25-20; scales about 150: vertebra} 54,
Body rather elongate, compressed; snout sharp and conic; mouth rather
small, oblique; maxillary reaching beyond front of orbit; lower jaw
•slightly the longer; teeth in the upper jaw nearly e(|ual, the outer series
not being especially enlarged; barbel rudimentary or obsolete; gill mem-
branes considerably uui ted, free from isthmus; vent under first dorsal;
caudal tin lunate; pectorals short, scarcelj' reaching anal; ventrals short,
their origin in front of base of pectoriil a distance about equal to diam-
eter of eye. Greenish brown above; sides and below somewhat silvery;
lateral line pale; fins mostly pale; sometimes a black spot in the axil.
North Atlantic; common northward oii both coasts, south to Cape Cod
and France. (Eu.) (riren*, green.)

Oadvt virent, LlNN^;us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 253, 1758, Seas of Europe ; after Oadu* tripterj/-
giu* imherbis of tbe Fauna Sueoica ; GCntheu, Cat., iv, 339; Jordan Sc. Gilbert,
Synopsis, 807, 1888.

Qadun carbonarius, Linn^cs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 254, 1758, seas of Europe ; after Oadus
dorto triplerjtgiut imberbi of Abtbdi.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Amenca. 2535

OaduB colinus, LAc£i>i>,DB, Ilist. Nat. Pcriss., ii, 416, 1800, England, etc.; after le Colin of

Danberton.
Oadua virenn, LACEPfeDE, Ilist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 417, 1800.

Merlangru purpureus, Mitchii.l, Trans. Lit. and IMiil Soc, 1, 1816, 370, New York.
Merlangus leptoeephalus, De Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 288, pi. 45, flg. 146, 1842, Long

Island.
Merlangus purpureus, Storer, Kept. Fish. Mass., 130, 1830.
Pollachitis carhonarlui. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 233.

978, THERAGRA, Lucas, a new genus.
(Alaskan Pollacks.)

Theragra, LucAS, in Jordan &. (Jilbevt, Uept. Fur Seal Invest. 1896 (1898) (chalcogrammus).

This genus is closely allied to PoUachius, differing in the following
respects: Suboperculum thick, smooth and deuse instead of being thin
and squamous as in I'oUaehius; the postclaviohi is also similar in struc-
ture while its proximal portion is subcircular in Theragra and rhomboidal
in Pollachiua; this ivory-like ('haracter of the Huboporculum and post-
clavicle is so marked that it serves to distinguish tlu'se bones at a glance,
being entirely different from what is found in the corresponding bones of
other gadoids. The Alaskan Pollack farther differs from the Atlantic Pol-
lack in having 19 precaudal vertebrto and 33 caudal, instead of 23 precau-
(ials and 32 caudals; the bodies of the vertebrae are also slightly longer
and more deeply sculptured in the Alaskan fish and the spinous process of
the anterior dorsals less elevated. The vertebral* differences between the
2 genera are nu'rely differences of degree and of specific value only, but
the differences between the subopercula and postclavicula are different
in kind, distinguishing the Alaskan Pollack not only from the Atlantic
Pollack, but from other gadoids. (0;/p, bej'st; rY;'/ja, prey or food ; the
Ala«kan Pollack being a chief food of the /.ir seal, CaUorhinus.)

a. Dorsal rays about 13 or 14-17-18 or 19; anal rays 20-20; side with 2 interrupted dark

longitudinal bauds. ciialchxiramma, 2004.

aa. Dorsal rays 10 or 11-13 to 15-10; anal rays 16 to 19-16 to 19; sides plain dusky; body

less elongate, the snout blunter, tlie tins lower. fucensis, 2905.

a»04. TIIEBA<atA ClIALCtMJRANMA (Pallas).

(Alaska Pollack.)

Head i; depth 6. D. 12-14-18; A. 20-20. Eye 5 in head; snout 3^;
maxillary 2|; snout conic, sharp, rounded in jirofile; mouth oblique;
nijixillary r«>acbing middle of jiupil; chin with a minute barbel; teeth
small, those of the outer row above slightly enlarged ; eye large, wid«T
than the flat interorbital space, 4 in head. Gill membranes somewhat
united, the posterior outline deeply emarginate; vent under interspace
between first and second dorsal; first dorsal higher than the others, the
second lowest; ventrals filamentous, reaching nearly to vent; pectorals
long, reaching past front of anal, 1^ in head; caudal somewhat concave.
Olivaceous above, sidep silvery, with 2 interrupted stripes of dark, brassy.

n-
u

it

If:
!f:

: -ft

i -i|-% ■

I : ■ i.
' "■ - I

II?

Mi

%l

•I

2536 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

olivo along sides, tbcso irregular on their edges, about A width i-f eye,
with uneven edges; u trace of a third simihir stripe below anteriorly, the
stripes very irregular ; back mottled. Dorsal plain darlc olive; pectoral
quite dark; lower fins ashy; caudal ashy olive. Heriug Sea and u«^igh-
boring waters, prol>ably south to Sitka and the K arils. Our Hpecinieus
from Unalaska, Robbeu Keef, Komandorski and Pribilof islands and
Uristtd Bay. Excessively common throughout Bering Sea, swimming
near the surface, and furnishing the greater part of the food of the fur
seal. This animal rarely catches the true eodlish, which swims uean^r
the bottom. Length 3 feet. (^<;rA«o5, brass; ;K/J«y"/n^, line.)

Oadus ehalcogrammui, I'aiJjAs, Zoogr. Kosao-AHiat., ni, 198, 1811, Kamchatka; OUntheii,

Cat., IV, 340, 1862; JouDAN & GiLMEBT, Synopsis, 807, 1883.
Oadut periscopus, Coi'E, Proc. Am. PLilos. Soc. Pbila. 1873, 30, Unalaska (Coll. George

Davidson).
Pollaehius chalcogramviut, Jordan. Cat. Fish. N. A. (130) 918,1885.
Theragra chaleoyramma, ,Tokdan &- Gilbert, ltei>t. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

2006. THEBAOIU Fl}CE!V8IS (Jordan & (HIbert).

(Wall-eyed Pollack; Puoet Sound Poliack.)

t!i i

Head 3;? in body; depth 5^. D. 10-13-16 to 11-15-1(5; A. 16-19 to 19-19;
eye 4^ in head; maxillary 2» ; pectoral 1*; longest caudal ray 2. Body
elongate, not greatly compressed; mouth large, the maxillary ivach-
ing to below middle of eye; jaws with minute, sharp, curved teeth, the
outer series enlarged ; teeth on vomer, palatines toothless; lower jaw pro-
jecting, a very small barbel under its tip ; interorbital space wide, very
slightly and evenly convex, wider than the diameter of eye; nostrils
much nearer eye than tip of snout, the posterior much the larger; head
almost entirely covered with small scales; gill rakers numerous, the long-
est as long as pupil, about 5-f-27 in number. Distance of origin of first
dorsal from snout 3^ in body ; first rays of tirst dorsal reaching far past
the ends of last rays where flu is depress(Ml ; first rays of other dorsals and
anals scarcely reaching the base of last rays ; caudal slightly forked or
subtruncate Avhen spread, the lobes subeqnsl; »'nd of pectoral reaching to
front of anal ; ventrals inserted in front of base of pectoral in distance
a little more than diameter of eye, ending in a filamentous point.
Color nearly plain sooty, with no distinct lateral bands, and with gen-
erally only a trace of a pale lateral streak along the side; on the head
some diffuse dark spots ; fins all dusky. The band of teeth in the pre-
maxillary is wider than in Theragra ehalcogramma, and the band is widened
at the anterior end; the body is shorter; eye smaller; color darker; flus
not so high; (taudal not so deeply fo.ked. Pacific coast, from Vancouver
Island to Monterey, abundant in Puget Sonnd; i)robably northward to
Kadiak, replacing T. ehalcogramma to the southward. This form may
iutergrade with Theragra ehalcogramma, though the original types seem
well separated. Little is known of its range to the northward. Scofield
and Seale took a specimen in Chignik Bay in northern Alaska, which

Jordan and Ever mann. — Fishes of North America. 2537

seems as near T.fucenaia as T. clialcogramma. ItH rays * iiro D, 11-16-17;
A. 18-17; veui/ials reaching ^ distance to veut; intcrorbital space wider
than eye; colur.itiou dark, lint its Ixxly is *<s slender as in T.chalco-
gramma. (fucenoia, from the straits of Jjian de Fuca.)

Pollachius ehalcngrammu» /nccnein, Jouuah & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1893, 315,
Puget Sound at Tacoma. (Type, Ko. 44455. Coll. David H. Uuuio.)

979. ELEGINUS, Fischer.

Eleginus, Fischer, Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscow, v, 4, 2d Ed., 252-357, 1813 {nava<ja); not

Eleginu3 of later authors.
Tileiia, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Clasn'n Fishes, n, 300, 1S39 (gracilis) ; name preoccupied.
Fleurogadua, liKAH, in JoBDAM, Cat.Fish.N. A., 130, 1885((/roci7t#) ; substitute for Tilesia

preoccupied.

This genus differs from the other codfislies in the structure of the trans-
verse processes of the vertebne, which are club-shaped, narrow at base,
but expanding distally into a rounded hollow bulb at their tips. Skeleton
otherwise essentially as in Microyadus, the skull similar. Small codfishes
of the Arctic seas. {kXEyivo<i, a social fish mentioned by Aristotle.)

2906. ELEGINUS NAYAOA (Kiilreutor).
("Waciina Cod.)

Head 3,t in length of body; depth 6; eye 5f in head; snout 3; intcror-
bital space 4^ ; gill rakers 20 or 21 ; barbel small, equal to pupil; dorsal
13-18-18 ; anal 22-20 ; scales small, 157 transverse rows above lateral line
from gill opening to first rudimentary caudal rays. Body slender and
rounded with a rather long head; snout viewed from above rounded, but
running to a rather sharp point when viewed from the side ; lower jaw
included; the fleshy snout projecting beyond the maxillary, its length
slightly greater than that of the suout ; tip of maxillary on a vertical with
the front of the pupil ; articulation of mandible with (quadrate bone on a
vertical running midway between pupil and posterior edge of eye; teeth

* The following is the count of fin rays in 13 specimens oi" Theragra of the two species :

Dorsal.

Anal.

Locality.

T. chaleoqramma :

13 15 20

19—20
10-21
24-22
21-23
23—21
21—22
21—20
22-20
19-17

18-10
19—18
16—19
19-19

Kamchatka.

Uiialaska.

Pribiloflslauds.

Do.
St. Paul Island.

Do.

Do.
Kamchatka.
ChignJk Bay.

Puget Sound.
Do.
Do.
Do.

13—15-20

14-19-23

14 16—21

14—17—18

13—15—19

14—17—19

14_17_18

11_16— 17

T.fucengis:

10—15—17

11_15_16

10—14 16

12—13-17

3030 82

li;

1. "•■i<^

i; .■;;l-

?;i.

i ■■■.
J ■■.

jv,
■i! ;■
■!V'

i '% '

:! 11:

I-

2538 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

\ m

>!?'

■M r

:ii :

V II

.31] I

•?■ I '

8 li

m

all slender and curved backward, those in upper jaw in several irregular
rows, the outer row regular and witli slightly larger teeth ; teeth in lower
jaw in a single row except in front where they are in a double row; teeth
on vomer few and about the size of the smaller teeth in the upper jaw ; gill
rakers moderate, the longest not quite equal to diameter of pupil; caudal
peduncle compressed, its depth equal to diameter of eye; vent under front
of second dorsal ; pectoral fin not reaching vent, its length 1| times in
head; ventrals reaching halfway to vent, the second ray moderately
produced; first dorsal highest; distance between second and third dor-
sals twice distance between first and second ; caudal fin veryslightly con-
cave; third ray of second dorsal midway between tip of snout and base of
middle caudal rays. Color somewhat mottled, grayish brown abovi,
light silvery below; the 3 dorsals and caudal dusky and edged with
white; pectorals uniform dusky ; ventrals but slightly dusted with black;
anal with a few punctulations at their anterior ends; peritoneum pale.
Arctic shores of Asia and North America, south to Bering Sea, locally
abundant. It reaches the length of about a foot. Here described (by
Norman B. Scofleld) from numerous specimens, the largest 11 inches long,
taken at Port Clarence by 8cofield and 8eale, and at Petropaulski by the
Albatross (Fur Seal Invest, of 1896). The range of the fin rays is D. 12 to
15—18 to 21—18 to 21 ; A. 20 to 23—20 to 23. Mr. Scofield lias prepared
a skeleton of this species for comparison with that of Microgradus proximus
from San Francisco. There is very little difference in the skulls. There
is no difference in the neural spines of the vertebrae The transverse
processes of the vertebrsc in Mici'ogadas proximua are flattened and plate-
like, while in Eleginut naraga they are club-shaped, narrow at base where
they leave the centrum, but expanding into a rounded hollow bulb at the
distal end. This character defines the genus Eleginus, {navaga, a Bussian
name.)

6adu» navaga, KfiLHEUTEB, Nov. Comm. Ac. Petrop., xiv, 17/0, 484, pi. 12, coast of north-
ern Russia ; Pallas, Zoogr. RosHo-Aaiat., iii, 196, 1811.

Oadtu graeili*, Tilesius, M^m. Ac. Imp. Potersb.,!!, 1810, ;t54, Kamchatka; Jokuan &.
Gilbert, Synopsis, 804, 1883.

Gadus waehna, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat., ill, 182, 1811, Kamchatka.

2V{««ia i;ract{is, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. FiBh.,ii, 300,1839; Bban, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mas. 1881,
243.

Pleurogadua gracilis, Bean, in Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 130, 188.5.

aieginttt navaga, GiiJ^, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1800, 303.

g8o. MICROGADUS, Gill.

(TOMCODS.)
Microgadus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, 69 (proximug).

Very small codfishes allied to Gadus, but with the vent placed before
the second dorsal and with a different structure of the cranium. The
following is Professor Gill's account of the skull of Microgadus proximus,
the italicised portions indicating the differences from Gadua:

The cranium is proportionally broader toward the front and less flat-
tened, while the brain case is flattened below, decidedly swollen on each

I

Jordan and Everniann. — Fishes of North America. 2539

side of a depressed sphenoidal groove, and Las an ovat(^ cardiform shape ;
the paraocoipital or epiotic is not produced into an angle behind, but is
obtusely ronnded, and its posterior or outivardly descending ridge blunt:
the opistliotic is well developed, oblong, and with its reentering angle
high up, and, ou a line with it, the surface is divided into 2 parts — a
narrow and a flattened ouo, and a lower expanded one, much swollen ; the
alisphenoid or prootio is oblong, acutely eniarginate in front, swollen from
tihe region of the high anterior sinus, and above a little produced forward ;
the great frontal is a little longer than broad, with supraoccipital crest
continued forward on the bone, and n«^ar the front expanded upward, and
with the expanded portion behind dividing into narrow lateral wings; the
lateral testiform ridges of the frontal are continued forward and curved
outward toward the antero-lateral angles; the anterior frontals are mostly
covered in front by the great frontal, and are much developed in the direc-
tion of the antero-lateral angles, the inferior expanded axillary portion
being very narrow ; the nasal has a rounded ridge in front, continued well
below, and its posterior crest is laminar and trenchant.
Species American; valued as food, {/mnpoi, small; yaSoi, Gadus.)

a. Second anal with 21 or 22 rays ; snout rather long ; hody semitranslucent ; first anal

and ver.crals pale ; body scarcely blotched with blackish. proximus, 2907.

aa. Second anal with 16 to 20 rays; snout shorter; body opaque; first aual and ventrals

dusky ; body blotched above with blackish. tohcod, 2908.

1.

2907. MICBOQADUS PROXIMUS (Girard).
(California Tomcod.)

Head 34^ in body ; depth 5. D. 14-18-18 to 21 ; A. 21 or 22-21 or 22 ; V. 6-7 ;
eye 5 in head; maxillary 2i^; pectoral2; highest dorsal spine 2; iniddlecau-
dal r.ays equal to snout. Headlong, convex above, somewhat compressed,
with vertical sides ; eye moderate; mouth rather large; maxillary reaching
to below pupil; barbel small; teeth in each jaw in a band, the outer row
a little enlarged. Gill membranes a little connected, free from tlui isth-
mus. First dorsal highest, somewhat falcate ; first anal longer and higher
thiin second; pectorals moderate, reaching anal; ventrals filamentous,
scarcely reaching anal ; caudal slightly eniarginate or subtruncate when
tin is spread. Lateral line very distinct, wavy, high anteriorly, slightly
interrnpted posteriorly. Vent below first dorsal . Color olivaceous above,
pale, or slightly translucent white below ; dorsal fins dusky, paler at base;
first anal and ventrals uncolored; second anal dusted with dark points.
Monterey to Unalaska; abundant; a food-fish of considerable importance,
the flesh delicate but without much flavor. Here described from a speci-
men, 8 inches in length, from Alaska, Albatross Station 3213. It reaches
the length of about a foot, {projcimus, near, to Mierogadns tomcod.)

Oadut proximus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 141, San Francisco; Girard, U. S.

Pac. R. R. Snrv., x. Fishes, 142, 1858; Jordan & Gh-bert, Synopsis, 805, 1883.
Morrhua califonnca, AvRES. Proc. Cal. Ac. Xat. Sci. 1854, 0, San Francisco.
Oadus californieut, GUnther, Cat., iv, 332, 1862.
Mierogadus proximiu, Oill, Proc. Ac. Kat. Sci. Phila. 1865, 601

If!

r

e,; tjr.

I'

St

2540 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

-I'

m i

8008. MIOKUGADDS TOMCOD (Walbuum).

(TOMCOD; FKOSTKISII.)

Head 4 in body ; depth 5. D. 13 t<» 15-15 to 19-16 to 18 ; A. 17 to 21-16 to
20; eye 6 in head; maxillary 2J; pectoral Ijf; middle candal rays 2^; iiiHt
dorsal rays IJ. Snont rounded, less produced than in Micj-oi/adHs prox-
imus; mouth short; maxillary 2J in head, reaching pupil; eye large, 3i^ in
head; barbel HUiall; x>ectoralH reaching vent; veutrals filamcntouH, not
reucliing vent; vent under interval Itetween first and second dorsals.
Color olive brown, distinctly blotched and spotted with darker, lighter
on the belly; nu>re opaque than in M. proximus; back and sides profusely
puncitulate; dorsals and caudal blotched with darker; anals «roarsely
punctulate anteriorly, colorlep." posteriorly ; ventrals and ]>ectorals dusky.
A'^irginia to Labrador; very common northward, and vnlued as a food-fish.
Here described from a specimen, 9 inches iu length, from Boston, Massa-
chusetts. Length 1 foot, {tomccd, a vernacular name.)

Tovicod, SCHOPP, S<hrift. Natiirf. Frounde, vni, 140, 1780, New York.

Oadus tomcod, Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, in, 133, 1792, after Scuopf; Jordan & Gilbekt,

Synopsis, 806, 1883.
OadM«/ro«(, "Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, in, 134, 1792, North America; after Frost-flsb of

Pennant.
Oadu* tomcodui, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc, i, 1815, 368, New York ; GUnthkb,

Cat., IV, 331, 1862.
Oadux pruinosvt, Mitchitx, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc., i, 1815, 368, New York.
Oadut tomcodusfuseut, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Philos. Soc, i, 1815, 369, New York.
Gadus tomcodus luteuti, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Philos. Soc., i, 1815, 369, New York.
Oadus tomcodus mixtus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Pliilos. Soc, i, 1815, 369, New York.
Oadus polymorphus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Philos. Soc, i, 1815, 369, New York.
Morrhvi americajia, Stobeb, Kept. Fish. Mass., 120, 1839, coast of Massachusetts.

981. GADUS (Artedi) Linnaeus.

(Codfishes.)

Oadus, LiNN^cs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 251, 1758 (morhua) ; after Artedi.
Morrhua, Oken, Isis 1817, 1182 {morrhua; on les Morrhues of Cuvikb).
Gepphus, SwAiNSON, Nat. Hist. Class'n Fishes, 11, 300, 1839 (maerocephalus) .

Body moderately elongate, compressed and tapering behind. Scales
very small ; lateral line present, pale. Plead narrowed anteriorly ; mouth
moderate, the maxillary reaching past front of eye; chin with a barbel;
teeth in jaws cardiform, subequal; vomer with teeth; none on the pala-
tines; cranium without the expanded crests seen in Melanogr animus; no
part of the skeleton expanded and ivory-like. Dorsal fins 3, well sepa-
rated; anal fins 2 ; ventral fins well developed, of about 7 rays. Species
of the Northern Seas; highly valued as food. {Gadm, the Latin name,
akin to the English word cod. )

a. Eye moderate, about \ snout in ifdalt ; axil without dusky spot.

h. Air bladder large. Atlantic codfish. callarias, 2909.

bb. Air bladder small. Pdciflc codfish. hacrocbphalus, 2910.

aa. Eye large, more than i length of suout; axil with a dusky spot; caudal peduncle

slender. oOAO, 2911.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America, 2541

8900. GADUS 0ALLARU8,* Linnaaua.
(OoMMON Codfish.)

Head 3^ to 4i ; depth about 4. D. 14-21-19 ; A. 20-18. Iload large, but
varying much in size ; maxillary about reaching iiiiddle of orbit ; occipital
keel not greatly developed; teeth strong, cardiform, in narrow bands,
those of the outer vow in the upper Jaw and of the inner row in the lower
Jaw somewhat enlarged. Eye moderate, about \ length of snout. First
dorsal little elevated, its height about \ length of head ; vent under
front of second dorsal ; caudal slightly omarginate ; pectorals \ length of
head. Greenish or ])rowniah, subject to many variations, sometimes yel-
lowish or reddish; back and sides with numerous rounded brownish s]>ots;
lateral line pale ; fins dark. North Atlantic, south to Virginia, and France ;
one of the most important of food-fishes. (Eu.) {Callariaa, an old name
of the codfish.)

Oadut callarias, 1.\ksmv8, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 252, 1758, young examples, Baltic Sea and
oceans of Europe, after Gadus, etc., eanda integra of the Fauna Suocica; Cuvikr,
R^gno Animal, Ed. 2, vol. ii, 332, 1829; Jordan & 6iu3ERT, Synopsis, 304, 1883.

Oadu* morhua, Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 252, 1756, seas of Europe, after Oadus,atc.,
Cauda tubcequali of the Fauna Suecica; Kichardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 242, 183fi.

Gadtu barbatus, LiNNiKDS, Syst.Nat-.Ed.x, i, 252, 1758.

Oadus vertagut, "Walbaum, Artedi rise, in, 143, 1792; attor Jdgershen, Klein, Hist. Nat.
Pise, v, 7, pi. 2, flg. 1, 1749.

?Qadut hetetoglossut, Walbaum, I. c, 144; after Jlombogcn of Klein.

Oadus arenotus, Mitchill, Tr.ans. Lit. and Philos. Soc., i, 1815, ;iG8, New York.

(iaduM rupeilris, Mitchiu., Tran.s. Lit. and Philos. Soc., 1, 1815, 368, New York.

/ Oadus nanus, Faber, Fischo Islands, 113, Iceland.

Morrhua americana, Storbr, Hist. Fish Mass., 343, 1867.

Oadut morrhua, GOnther, Cat., iv, 328, 1862; Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 354.

2910. QADVM MAOROCEPHALUS, Tilesitis.

(Alaska Codfish.)

Head 3 in body;, depth 4S. D. 13-18-16. A. 21-17; eye 6 in head;
maxillary 2^; highest dorsal ray 3; pectoral 2^; middle caudal rays 4.
Head large, the snout blunt; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to
below front of pupil, snout projecting beyond mouth, lower Jaw included;
teeth strong, cardiform, in narrow bandr. on jaws and vomer; interor-
bital wide, 1| times wider than diameter of eye, very slightly convex.
Gill rakers moderate, about equal to pupil in leugtli, 3 + 17 in number.
Pectoral reaching to below end of first dorsal ; ends of first dorsal rays
reaching second dorsal when fin is depressed; ventrals inserted in front of
base of pectorals in distance equal to diameter of eye ; v(un8 under front of
,4ocond dorsal; caudal subtmncate. Color brownish, ligLter below, back
and sides with numerous bn)wnish spots; fins, with the exception of first
anal and ventrals, dusky. This species is very abundant in Bering Sea,

*We retain the name Gadus callarias, Linninus for the codflsli, instead of the com-
monly used name Oadus morhua, applied by Linnffiiis to the same species, because the
name Oadu* callarias stands tirst on tho page on which it occurs. Tu accord priority to
the name standing first is essential to fixity, and not the less so if the competing names
are of the same actual dat«, published by the same author. It is not justice nor elegance,
but fixity, which the rules of nomenclature aim to secure.

'L !5

2542 Bulleim ^7, United States National Museum,

ou l»otb shores, iu 15 to 130 fathoms, foriniug an important article of
commerce. Its range Houthward extends t«> the offuhore banks of Oregon.
In external rt'spects we recognize no distinction between this species and
the common eastern codtish, except that the head seems larger. Ht^re
d(^scrib<;d from a specimen 20 inches long, taken in the Straits of Fnca by
th«^ Albatrota. Concerning this species Dr. Gilbert observes:

It has been fretjnently pointed ont, and is well known to fisliermen that
the Pacific codfish has a smaller air bladder or sound than the Atlantic^
cod. Pending an examination of this question, which we are not now in
a positi«>n to make, we propose to recogni/*; the Pacific fish as a distinct
species. {mxHpoi, long; xe^aXi'}, bead.)

Gadtu macrocephalus, Tilesius, Mi'tiii. Acad. Sci. St. Petorab., ii, 1810, 300, Kamchatka;

GCntiikr, Cat., iv, 330, 1802.
Gadtis pygmeeus, Pallah, /ooj;r. Roaso-AHiat., ill, 1811, Kamchatka.
Gadus aurattis, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, 1873, 30, Unalaska.

2911. QkBVH OOAC, Kicbardaon.
(Grebnland Codfish.)

Head 3^. D. 14 or 15-18 to 20-17 to 20; A. 20 to 22-18 to 19; V-6. This
species rt^sembles the common cod (Gadua callanaa), but diflers from it as
follows : It has a more slender caudal x>edunole, larger eye, greater inter-
orbital width, longer barbel, more advanced position of ventral fins, and
a longer pectoral fin. Color dark, l>lackish brown above, lighter below,
with yellowish marblings; the tip of the dorsal, anal, .ind caudal fins
black ; ventral and pectorals dark brown or black, a dusky spot on the
axil ; barbel black. Coast of Greenland ; not seen by us. The above notes
from specimens collected at Godhavn, Greenland, examined by Ensign
Dresel. {ogac, a native name.)

Gadtu agar, Bichardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 240, 1836, Greenland; Keinhabdt, Vi<l.

Selsk. Naturvid. Matb. Af li. 1838 ; Dresel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 246.
Gadtu ogat, Kuuyeb, Yoy. Scaud. et Lap., pi. 10.

g82. MELANOGRAMMUS, Gill.
(Haddocks.)

Melanogrammtu, Gill, Proc. Ac. Kat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 280 {ceglefinus).
^glefimis. Malm, Gotbeborgs ocli Bohusliins Fauna, 481, 1877 (ceglefinus).

This genus is distinguished from Gadus by its smaller mouth, the pro-
duced first dorsal fin, black Literal line, and especially by the great
enlargement of the hypocoracoid, which is dense and ivory-like. The
lateral line is always black, and the supraoccipital and other crests on
the head are largely developed. Food fishes of large size. (//eAaj, black :
ypauutf, line.)

2912. MELANOUBAMHirS ^GI.KFINUS, Linna;nH.

(Hal dock.)

Head 3|; depth 4^. D. 15-24-21; A. 23-21. Snout long ond narrow,
overlapping the small mouth; maxillary barely reaching front of orbit;

it;

/ordan and Evermann.— Fishes of North America. 2543

teeth subeqnal, large, in a cardiform band in upper jaw; in a single series
on lower jaw and on vomer; occiput carinated; a ridge extending back-
ward from each orbit; eye very large, f length of snout, 4 in head. Ant«v
rior rays of first dorsal elevated, | length of head, the fin point<-d, higher'
than second and third dorsals; caudal lunate; vent below front of second
dorsal. The skull in this species is more depressed than in (iadus callarias,
broader, and thinner in texture; occipital crest exceedingly high, much
higher than in Gadua, the wing-like projections tit its biise antt^riorly
spreading widely, raised above the surface of the HkuU. Dark gray
above, whitish below; lateral lino black; a large dark blotch above the
pectorals; dorsals and caudal dusky. North Atlantic, on both coasts,
south to France and North Caroliia; in deeper water to Cape Hatteras;
an important food-fish, reaching a considerable size. (En.) {teylcfinua,
an old name of tht; haddock, from the French Aiglefin or Aigrefin, accord-
ing to Bellon; perhaps from aigrefaim, extremely hungry, voracious.)

Oadu« <«9le/int(«, LiNNiKUS, Syst. Kat., Ed. x,251,17P8, seas of Europe, after Oadtm, etc.,
eauda biloba, of the Fauna Suecica ; Jokuan & Gilbkkt, SynopniH, 803, 1883.

Morrhua ceglefinut, Fleming, British Auimuls, 191, 1828.

Morrhua punctatut, Flkhino, British Animals, 192, 1328.

Melanogrammui ceglefinus. Gill, Free. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1802, 280 ; ibid. 1863, 237 ; GoouK
& Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 354, 1896.

^glefinuB linncei, MAUf, Giitheborgs ooh Bohuslaua Fauna, d81, 1877.

983. LEPIDION, Swainson

Lepidion,* Swainhok, Nat. Hist. Class'n Anini., i, 318, 1838, and n, 300, 1839 {lepidion).
Haloporphyius, GUnthbb, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas., IV, 358, 1862 {lepidion).

Body elongate, covered with small scales ; head not greatly depressed,
higher than broad; the snout subcorneal, obtusely rounded ; tail tapering
behind; jaws with bands of villifbrm teeth; a roundish patch of teeth on
vomer; no teeth on palatines; chin with a barbel; branchiostegals 7.
Caudal fin separate ; 2 dorsal fins and 1 anal ; the first dorsal short ; ventrals
narrow, of 6 rays. Deep waters. The American species distinguished from
the Lepidion lepidion (Risso), of the Mediterranean, by its non-filanien-
tous first dorsal. {XsniStov, diminutive oi Xeicii, scale: — small-ecaled.)

2918. LEPIDION VEKECUNDUM, Jordan & Cramer.

Head 3i ; depth 4J. D. VIII-40 ; A. 37 ; V. apparently 4 (some rays broken
on each side) ; scales about 75, not to be exactly counted. Body robust,
compressed, tapering from the large head to the very slender, attenuate
tail, which is not so broad as pupil ; head large, not greatly compressed,
not keeled above, its sides scaly ; lower jaw with some scales ; interorbital
space depressed, 5| in head; eye very large (in young), 2f in head; snout
short, depressed, not pointed, and with lateral keel, 5| in head; preorbital
very narrow ; mouth rather large, obli(ine, the maxillary reaching to below
front of pupil, 2| in head; lower jaw slightly longer, its tip with a stiffish
pointed projection representing the barbel; teeth small, in bands, a few

* Lepidion is safflciently distiiict from Lepidia, Saviguy, 1817.

Is' X

It

In?

I

m

Hi

P !

P

I» i

;■ I ft

Si: 1 1

i: li:

! I

;!
'I I

I:

'I [

2544 Btdletin 4.y , United States National Museum.

on vomer. No spines on snout or opercles. GUI membranes somewhat
united, freo from isthuiuj. Gill rakers slender, rather long, 10 to 12 on
lower part ■ f arch. Scales very small, mostly lost posteriorly (in our
specimen) and not to bo exactly counted; lateral line not evident.
First dorsal rather low and l->ng, none of its rays produced, the longest
abo'it \ head ; ventrals filamentous, \ head ; pectorals about \ head ; caudal
2ii hoad ; anai deeply notched behind the middle, its posterior lobe high-
esi;. Color uniforin purplinb black, the fins paler. One young individual,
2i inches long, from Alhairoi^ Station 299S, oft' the Revillagigedo Islands.
{vercmmAui, modest.)

Lepidion verecundum, Jordan &. Crameh, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1896, 456, Revillagigedo
Islands, at Albatross Station 3993. (Coll. Albatross.)

984. ANTIMORA, Giinther.

Antimora, GOnthkh, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876, 2 (rostrata).

This grotip dift"ers from Lepidion in the form of the snout, the backward
position of the vent, the imperfect division of the .anal, in which latter
respect it approaches Mora. In Lepidion the snout is stibconical, obtusely
rounded; in Aniimora it forms n flat, triangular lamina, sharply keeled at
the sides, resembling the snout of Macrourus. Bodj' eloi rjate, compressed,
tiipering into a slender tall. Scales very smuU. Head entirely scaly,
even to tl\^ gill membranes. Snout depressed, thin and flat, projecting
beyond the mouth; mouth rather large; chin with a barbel; jaws with
bands of villiforin teeth; a small roundish patch of teeth on vomer, none
on palatines. Dorsal fins 2, the first short, its anterior ray produced into
a long filament; >inal fin deeply notched, almost sejiarated into 2 fins;
ventral fins with 6 rays, 1 of thera filamentous ; caudal truncate. Branchi
ostegalsT. Deep-water fishes, (avri, opposite; Mora, a related genus.)

u. Head rather small, 4§ in length ; scales 115. viola, 20.4.

aa. Head rather large, about Z\ in length ; scales 130. microlepis, 2015.

8914. ANTIM0R4 VIOLA (Goode & Bean).

Head 4* in body; depths. D.4-53; A. 40; V. 6; scales 11-115-27.
Snout broad, pointed at tip, much depressed, forming a roof-like projec-
tion above mouth ; a conspicuous keel extending backward from tip of
snout along the subtrhital to the posterior margin of the eye. Mouth
U-shaped, wholly inferior; maxillary nearly reaching posterior margin of
orbit; interorbital space fiat, as wide as the large eye, the orbital ridges
somewhat elevated; barbel about \ diameter of orbit. First dorsal with
its first ray much produced, longer than head ; anal fin deeply notched
near its middle. Caudal peduncle as long as eye, its depth more than |
its longth ; longest ray of ventrals reaching about halfway to vent ; pec-
toral H 111 head. Color deep violet or blue black; inside of mouth and
opercles blue black. Banks of Newfoundland and southward, in deep
water. (Goode &. Bean.) {viola, violet.)

ITaloporphyrus viola, Goodk & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh., t, 1878, S56, La Have Bank, 400

to 500 fathoms ; JoRuAN &. (in.nERT, Synopsis, 80(), 1RH3.
Antimora viola, OooDB &. Bean, Oceanic loht'iyology, 372, fig. 324, 1806.

Tordan and Evermanti. — Fishes of North Amefica. 2645

2916. ANTIHORA NICKOLEPIS, Bean.

Head about 4 in total length with caudal; depth 5j^ without caudal ;
eye 4 in head, nearly equal to anout. D. 4 or 5-51; A. 41; barbel very
slender, 2 in eye ; gill rakers short, slender, 4 + 11. Maxillary reaching to
nearly below posterior edge of eye; longest ray of first dorsal about ^ a«
long as h'lad ; anal deeply eniargiiiate, beginiiin*;; under twentieth ray of
second dorsal; second ventral ray 1^ in head. Scales very small, about
9 rows between origin i>f second dorsal and lateral line, and about 130 in
lateral line. Color olivaceous, deeper on opercles and branchioHtcgal
membranes and on inside of mouth. Off Queen Charlotte Islands. Several
specimens taken by the Albatross at different stations in Bering Sea, at
depths of 350 and 351 fathoms, and off the coasts of the Queen Charlotte
Islands and California, at depths of 1,588 and 455 fathoms. One large speci-
men, from off Bogoslof Island, has the filamentous ray f^f first dorsal |
length of head, and the eye is shorter than the snont. {^ixpoi, small;
\eitii, scale.)

Antimora tnicrolspis, Bean, Froc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. 1800, 38, oiT Cape Sc. James, Queen
Charlotte Island, at Aiuatross Station a86o, in 876 fathoms (Type, No. 45361); Gu.>
BBRT, Bept. v. S. Fish Comni. 1803 (1896), 456 and 473; Jordan & Gilbert, Kept. Fur
Seal Invest., 1898.

985. URALEPTUS, Costa.

TTidleptiis, Costa, Arcliiv far Xaturgesh. 1858, 87 (maraldi).
Gadella, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-*. 1843, 91 (graeU^'s).

Body elongate, compressed, and tapering posteriorly, covered with Bmall
scales, A separate caudal ; 2 dorsal tins and 1 anal; ventral fins narrow,
with flat base, com])osed of 6 rays. Upper and lower jaw with an outer
series of strong curved teeth ; vomerine .and palatine teeth none ; chin
without barbel. Branchiostegals 7. Deep waters of the Atlantic, (ovfjd,
tail; XeiCTOi, slender.)

2016. URALEPTUS MABALDI (Risso).

Head 4 ; depth 6 Head rather thick, its greatest width equal to its
height, which is somewhat more than i its length ; cleft of mouth oblique,
wide, the maxillary extending to below posterior margin of orbit; lower
jaw received within the upper, but both nearly e<]ual in length anteriorly,
each armed with a series of rather large, curved, widely set teeth ; another
series of small teeth within the outer in the upper jaw. Snont rather
broad, obtusely rounder, scarcely longer than eye, which is 4^^ in head;
interorbital space emarginate on each side of upper part of orbit, its
width somewhat more than diameter of eye. Nape broad, scarcely ele-
vated, with a spine on each side pointing outwards and covered by skin.
Operciilum small, with a slender horizontal spine posteriorly, the part
))elow the spine being emarginate; gill membranes united below the
throat by a rather narrow cutaneous bridge, not attached to the isthmus;
gill openings wide; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; pseudobranehin^
glandular. Trunk rather low; tail tapering into a very narrow band;

:m

Hit

ir

! . '(

• .1

.; ■' •!

mf^m

I'll :

ii

i,(

'■'A

2546 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

firHtilorsal fin commencing behind vertical from baao of pectoral, some-
what higher than long, and not higher than second; Heeond donsal com-
mencing inunediately behind the first, its rays increasing somewhat in
length jiosteriorly, one of the longoHt being ^ as long as head, the whole
fin leaked; eaiidal fin slender, slightly ronnded, entirely free ftom dor-
sal and anal, and nearly \ as long as head ; anal fin commencing at some
distance behind the vent, which is situat<^d below the origin of the first
dorsal, very similar to the second dorsal; pectoral inserted somewhat
below middle of body, its length cqnaling distance between front margin
of eye and end of opercnlum; ventrals narrow, slendiT, the outer ray pro-
duced into a filament shorter than the pectoral. Scales extending over
the whole head, the chin and the thin lips 'being naked. (Giinther.)
Tropical Athantic. This form, originally described from Nice, has since
been found at Madeira by Johnson, and at Naples and Catania by Giglioli.
The lilake obtained a poor specimen, apparently of this form, at station
LXXXI, oif the Island of Nevis, in the West Indies. (Goode & Bean.)
(Eu.) (A personal name for one of "quelques hommes que les talens, le
m<5rite, la gloiro on I'amitid m'ont d^signc^s.")

Oadus maraUi, Kisso, Ichth. Nice, 123, pi. 6, fig. 13, 1810, Nice.

Merliieiut attenuatua, Cocco.

Oadella graeilU, Lowe, Proc.Zool.Soc.Loml. 1843,91, Madeira. (Type in University of

Cambridge.)
Merlucius maraldi, Riaso, Eur. M6rid., ni, 220, 1826.
UraUptus maraldi, GCnthkk, Cat., iv, 349, 1862; GOnther, Cliallonger Report, xxn, 87,

1«87; GooDB & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyulogy, 367, fig. 320, 1896.

986. LOTELLA, Kaup.

iMtflla, Kai'p, Arcliiv fur Katurgesch. 1858, 88 (sehlegeli).

This genus diflFers from Physiculns chiefly in the presence in both jaws
of an outer row of large teeth. Deep sea. (Name, a diminutive of Lota.)

S917. LOTELLA MAXILLARIS, Bean.

Head about H; depth 5. D. 5-55; A. 44; V. 10; scales about 7 or 8-
115-14 or 15. Snout short; eye 3 in head; maxillary reaching vertical
through anterior margin of pupil, its length equaling that of postor-
bital part of head. Teeth in narrow bauds in jaws, the outer series
enlarged; vomer and palate apparently without teeth. Vent situated
about under eighth ray of second dorsal; distant-e of first dorsal from tip
of snout 4 bimes in total length including caudal; ventrals extending to
about vertical from origin of second dorsal, not reaching nearly to vent;
longest ray of first dorsal a little more than ^ as long as head; none of
the rays of second dorsal or of anal as long as first ray of first dorsal;
longest ray of second dorsal not much exceeding ^ of height of body ;
longest ray of anal about ^ length of ventral ; origin of anal about under
tenth ray of s«^cond dorsal ; v(^ntrals situated ab(»ut under beginning of
posterior third of head, their length ^ that of second dttrsal base; origin
of pectoral somewhat in advance of that of first dorsal, the fin imperfect,
but its length probably^ slightly exceeding that of ventral; caudal

iiiir

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2547

rounded. Color very light brown; the margins of the dorsal and anal,
in their posterior portions, blaokisli. (Goode «& Bean.) Gulf stream,
Lat. 40" N., in 396 fathoms, {maxillaris, pertaining to the upper jaw.)

LoteUa maxUlaris, Bean, Phh:. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 241, Lat. 39° 55' N., Long. 70'' a8' W.
in 396 fathoms (Type, No. 29832. Coll. Fi*h Hawk) ; GooDE & BEAN, Ocoauic Ichthy-
ology, 368, 1890.

987. PHYSICULUS, Kaup.

Physieidus, Kaup, Arcliiv fnr Naturgesch. 1858, 88 (dalwigkii).

Body elongate, covered with small scales; head entirely scaly; snout
broad, obtusely rounded, projecting beyond the mouth ; mouth of mod-
erate size; chin with a barbel; jaws with bandH of villiform teoth; vomer
and palatines toothless. Dorf>als2; anal fin single, not notched; ventral
fln with 5 rays, the oute** ray filamentous; caudal rounded, slender, free;
branchiostogals 7. (iltvHi?, an ancient uame of some lish living in the
Fucus, ikvKoi, probably a species of Gohius.)

a. Scales modorato, about 62 in a longitudinal series ; gill rakers few ; dorsal rays 10-49 ;
anal 54 ; ventral reaching fourth anal ray. fulvU8, 2018.

aa. Scales very small, about 100 in a longitudinal series.

b. Gill rakers few, about 11 below arch; head 4 in length; depth 5; ventrals fila-
mentous at tip, as long as head, reaching tenth ray of annl.

NEMATOPU8, 2919.

bh. Gill rakers undescribed, probably few; head 4 in length; depth 5; ventrals

shorter than liead, reaching front of anal. KAtrpi, 2920.

bbb. Gill rakers very numerous, 7+18; head 3^ in length; depth 4J; ventrals

reaching seventh anal ray. rautbblxiuer, 2921.

8918. PHYSICULUS FULYUS, Bean.

Head about 4; depth 4J. D. 10-49 ; A. 54 ; V.7; scales 6-61 to 62-16.
Head broad and depressed; snout short; eye 3^ in head; the length of the
upper jaw 2^ in head, about equal to space between ventrals and anal
origin ; maxillary not quite reaching vertical through hind margin of eye ;
barbel 6 in head. Teeth in narrow bands in jaw; no outer scries of
enlarged teeth, out a few in the middle of the bands in each jaw are
slightly larger than the others; all of the teeth, however, inconspicuous;
vomer and palate smooth. Vent situated about under third ray of first
dorsal ; distance of first dorsal from tip of snout equaling 3 times length of
its base, its longest ray twice length of snout, and slightly exceeding length
of longest of second dorsal ; length of seccmd dorsal base 3 times length
of pectoral, which is nearly 5i times in total without caudal. Origin of
anal about in a vertical let fall from base of fifth ray of first dorsal; dis-
tance of ventral from tip of snout about I'ti times in body. Tip of ven
tral when extended backwai d reaching base of fourth anal ray; length
of middle caudal ray 3 in head. Lateral line very indistinct, situated
rather high, following pretty closely the contour of back. Gill rakers
moderately short and not numerous. General color a light yellowish
brown ; under surface of head, the abdomen, margins of dorsal and anal
fins, lips, and axil of pectoral very dark brown ; a dark brown blotch on
the Bubopercolum ; inside of mouth and gill membranes white. (Bean.)

L^i

■ 1 fi"

'V

I ! '

m ;

11

!;t

/:

2548 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum.

Caribbean Sea, north to 40° in region of Gulf Stream, reaching a depth
of 955 fathoms, (fulvus, brownish yellow.)

Phytieulut fulvug, Bean, Froc.U. S.Nat. Miis. 1884, 240, Lat. 40° i' N., Long. 690 56' 'W.
in 79 fathoms (Type, Ko. 28766. Coll. Fish Hawk) ; GooDE & Bean, Oceanic Ichthy-
ology, 366, 1896.

S019. PHT8ICULUS XEHAT0PU8, Gilbert.

Head 4 in length ; depth 5. D. 7 to 9-56 to 61 ; A. 59 to 64 ; scales 90 to
105. Length of candal peduncle to base of median caudal rays 5^ in
head. Snout very broadly rounded, its width twice its length, which is
4S in head; eye 3|; interorbital 4; maxillary 2, reaching slightly beyond
vertical from posterior margin of orbit. None of the teeth enlarged;
palate smooth. Branchiostegal membranes more narrowly joined than in
the P. rastrelliger, but wholly free from isthmus. Gill rakers short and
slender, 11 movable ones on horizontal limb of arch. Origin of first dorsal
over base of pectorals, its distance from tip of snout 3^ in length ; base
of first dorsal equaling snout and | eye, its liighest ray 2^ in head;
free portion of caudal peduncle i diameter of orbit ; notch of dorsal and
anal fins not conspicuouH, the posterior dorsal rays little longer than those
which precede, 2|^ in head; candal 2^; pectorals 1|; ventrals with broad
base and 7 rays, the outer 2 filamentous, the second the longest, reaching
base of tenth to twelfth anal rays, and as long as head ; distance between
bases of ventrals equals interorbital width ; scales small, regularly imbri-
cated, becoming minute on snout, which they completely invest, as well
as mandible and gular membranes; lateral line present on anterior half of
body only, 8 scales above it anteriorly. Color light olive brown, sprinkled
with dark specks, the sides of head and trunk with silvery luster; snout,
mandible, and gular membrane dubky; abdominal area, branchiostegal
membranes, base of ventrals, axillary blotch, and front of anal, purplish
black; posterior edge of gill membranes and opercular flap white; dor-
sals dusky, with an inconspiciious darker margin, which becomes more
marked posteriorly ; anal darker, margined with black ; caudal blackish ;
pectorals and filamentous portion of ventral white. Inside of month
and gill cavity white ; peritoneum silvery, rendered black on sides by
clusters of spots. Coast of southern California. Many specimens, the
largest 7 inches long, from Albatross Stations 2997, 3011, 3015, and 3016,
in 71 to 221 fathoms. (Gilbert.) {vrjfia, thread; wovj, foot.)

Phyneuhu nematopui, Gilbert, Proo. T7. S. Nat. Mns. 1800, 114, coast of southern Cali-
fornia. (Types, No. 46486 and 46555. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

2920. PHTSICULUS KAUPI, Pooy.

Head 3^ ; depth 4. D. 10-^ ; A. 60 ; P. 30 ; V. 8 ; C. 17 ; scales 12 to 15— over
1(X). Body and head short, swollen; tail regularly narrowed; vent below
base of pectoral; eye high, equal to snout, 4^ in head; nostrils with
valves; snout blunt; lower jaw the shorter; maxillary reaching slightly
beyond eye; each jaw with a band of cardiform teeth, none on palate and
tongue; maxillary sloping under skin of cheek ; barbel a little longer than
eye; opercular bones covered with skin, without spines; no spines at

Jordan and Bvermanfi. — Fishes of North America. 2549

nape ; gill membranes somewhat united, free from isthmus ; gillH 4, a slit
behind fourth; no pseudobranchiie ; lateral line parallel with the back to
beyond middle of body, then turning down suddenly, continuing to base
of caudal. Scales small, cycloid, not easily counted ; head scaly, even to
the lips; vertical fins with small scales; ventral filamentous, etiualing f
length of head, all the rays except the first short; ventral Avith 2 filamen-
tous rays, which reach to front of anal and are about \.\ in head; first dor-
sal as high as long, beginning behind base of pectoral, its longest rays
about 2^ in head ; soft dorsal and anal low. free from the small rounded
caudal ; pectoral falcate, 1^ in head. Color yellowish brown, bluish on
belly ; second dorsal and anal edged with darker brown. Type, 1 speci-
men, 250 mm. long. (Poey.) Deep waters of the Atlantic.

This specir>s has constantly (as far as is shown in our specimens) a
broader base to the ventral fins than Phyaiculus dalwigkii, and they are
formed of 7 rays, of which the largest may or may not reach the anal fin;
the fin rays vary within proportionate limits; they are, D. 9 or 10 — 60 to
66 ; A. 60 to 70 ; there are 13 scales between the anterior dorsal and lateral
line ; the caudal peduncle is shorter and less slender than in the Madieran
form, but otherwise the species are so similar as to scarcely deserve
specific separation. Poey obtained a specimen at Cuba, and Melliss 2 at
8t. Helena. These differ in no respect from 5 examples, 11 to 16 inches in
length, found by the Challenger off Inosima in 345 fathoms. (Giinther,
Challenger Report, xxii, 88, pi. xvn, fig. A, 1887.) (Named for Dr. J. J.
Kaup, author of a work on the Apodal fishes.)

Phytieulut kaupi, Poky, Repertorio, i, 186, 1865, Matanzas. (Coll. Don Cirilo Dalzaides.)
? Physieulus japonicus, Hiloendorf, Sitz. Katarf. Freunde, Berlin, 1879, 80, Japan.

ri

2921. PHTSICULUS RASTBELLIGEB, Gilbert.

Head 3i in length ; depth 4|. D. 8 or 9-53 to 61 ; A. 57 ; scales 100 to
110. Length of caudal peduncle to base of median caudal rays, 2^ in head.
Snout short and broadly rounded, 4J in head ; eye 3if ; incerorbital width
4^ to 4^; maxillary 2^, extending to vertical from posterior margin of
pupil. Teeth in rather broad bands, none of them enlarged; width of
patch on promaxillaries i pupil ; vomer and palatines toothless. Branchi-
ostegal membranes broadly united, joined to the isthmus aut&riorly, the
width of the free fold more than ^ pupil. Gill rakers numerous, slender,
moderately long, the longest i diameter of orbit, about 7 above angle, 17
to 19 below, the anterior ones short but movable. Origin of first dorsal
slightly in advance of base of pectorals, its distance from tip of snout
S} in length ; base of first dorsal equaling length of snout, its longest
ray 2?, in head; free portion of caudal peduncle equaling diameter of eye;
second dorsal notched, the median rays | the height of the highest
anterior rays, the posterior highest, equaling first dorsal and longest
caudal rays; anal similar to soft dorsal, but lower; ventrals under middle
of opercle, the distance between their bases little less than interorbital
width, equaling distance from vent to anal fin; ventrals with 7 rays, the
outer 2 produced, the second the longest, reaching base of seventh or
eighth anal ray ; pectorals with broad base, covered with lax membrane.

1^

iii:

' i

r

I i

mi

M-

'4

%

/

/'

2550 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

containing 26 to 28 rays> their length 1^ to If in head. Scales small; com-
paratively little reduced on top of head, a broad ring encircling snout in
front of eyes naked, a very narrow patch of scales between this laterally
and i>remaxillaries ; scales in 100 to 110 transverse rows, 8 or 9 between
lateral line and front of dorsal; lateral line wi!inting on posterior part of
body, in the latter part of its course present on occasional scales only.
Color uniform grayish olive on sides, each scale, or at least its marginal I,
closely covered with minute dark s^ ecks; gular and branchiostegal mem-
branes, ventral region, and axil of pectorals blue black ; basal portion of
vertical fins light bluish, margined with blackish ; pectorals dusky ; ven-
trals blue black at base, the dismal portion white ; lining membrane of
mouth and gill cavity white ; peritoneum silvery, but in places so filled
Avith black specks as to appear black. Coast of southern California.
Many specimens, the longest 8 inches, from Albatross Stations 3045 and
2987, in 184 and 171 fathoms. (Gilbert.) {rastrelliger, bearing small gill
rakers; rastrum, rake; gero, I bear.)

Physutdut rastrelliger, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 113, coast of southern Cali-
fornia. (Type No. 48266. Coll. Albatr oaf .)

988. LOTA (Cuvier) Oken.
(Burbots.)

Les LottM, CrviBB, K^gne Anim., £d. i, vol. 2, 215, 1817 (lota).
Lola, Oken, Isis 1817, 1182 (lota).

Body long and low, compressed behind. Head small, depressed, rather
broad ; anterior nostrils each with a small barbel ; chin with a long bar-
bel; snout and lower parts of head naked; month moderate, the lower
jaw included; e.ich jaw Avith broad bands of equal, villiform teeth;
vomer with a broad, crescent-shaped band of similar teeth ; no teeth on
palatines. Gill openings wide, the membrane somewhat connected, free
from the isthmus. Scales very small, embedded; vertical fins scaly.
Dorsal fins 2, the first short, the second long, similar to the anal; caudal
Tounded, its outer rays procurrent ; ventrals of several rays. One or 2
species, living in fresh waters of northern regions. {Lota, the ancient
name used by Roudelet, in French, la Lotte.)

8922. LOTA MACULOSA (Le Sneur).

(BURBOT; LAKB LAWTEB; LINO.)

Head 4 J in body; depth 5^. D. 13-76; A. 68; ventral 7; eye 7 in head;
pectoral Ijt^ iu head ; maxillary 2| ; middle caudal rays 2J. Body elongate,
not much compressed anteriorly ; head slightly depressed ; mouth large,
the maxillary reaching to posterior margin of eye; teeth villiform, in
bands on jaws and vomer; barbel longer than the small eye; Interorbital
broad, nearly twice diameter of eye ; gill rakers very short, about 3 -|- 6
in number; anterior nostrils with barbels; body covered with small
embedded scales; pectorals scarcely reaching to below front of dorsal;
ending of ventrals filamentous; caudal rounded; vertebrai 21 -|- 38=59;
coBca 30. Dark olive, thickly marbled and reticulated with blackish;

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2551

yeltowish or dusky beneath; young often sharply inarke<I, the adult
becoming dull grayish ; vertical tins with dusky margins. Length 2
feet. Lakes and sluggish streauis. New England and Great Lake
regi(Mi, north to the Arctic seas and west to the headwaters of the Miu-
aouri, the Frazer River basin, and Bering Straits; abundant northward;
rare in the Ohio River and the Upper Mississippi; a rather coarse and
tast«lesB fish, seldom used as food. Here described from a specimen, 18
inches long, from Lake Michigan at Michigan City, Indiana. The Ameri-
can Burbot is very close to the common species of northern Europe and
Asia, Loia lota (Linnicus) = io<o vulgarin, Cnvier= Lota comviunia, Rapp,
and may prove wholly identical with the latter. In Lota lota the pec-
torals reach beyond front of dorsal, being 1^ in head. {macHlosns, spotted.)

Qadu» maeulostii, Le Sukub, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1817, oJ, Lake Erie.

Molva maculona, Lr Sueub, M6in. Mur., v, 1819, ]>1. 16.

Lota maculosa. Da Kat, New York Fauna : FishOH. 284, pi. 52, fig. 168, 1842.

Oadus comprestus, Lb Sdeur, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1817, 84, Connecticut River.

Lota compreisa, Db Kay, New York, Fauna: Fishes, 285, pi. 78, figs. 244, 245, 1842.

Oadus laeuitn*, Mitchill, Amer. Monthly Mag., n, 1818, 244, Sebago Pond, Maine

(Coll. Henry A. S. Dearborn).
Molva huntia, Le Sueur, Mem. Mus., v, 1810, 161, Connecticut River.
Lota inomata, Ds Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 283, pi. 45, fig. 145, 1842, Hudson River,

Lansingburgh, N. Y.
Lota brotmiana, Stobeb, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., iv, 1839, pi. 5, fig. 1, New Hampshire.

989. MOLVA, Fleming.

(Lings.)

Molva, Fleming, British Animals, 192, 1828 (vulgaris).
Molva, N1L88ON, Skandinav. Fauna, iv, 673, 1832 (molva).

Body elongiite, covered with very small scales. Chin with a barbel;
lower jaw included; bands of teeth on jaws and vomer; lower jaw with
large canines which are arrow-shaped and movable ; vomer with a curved
series of canines mixed with small teeth, these mostly fixed ; no teeth on
palatines. Gill membranes broadly united. Two dorsal fins, both well
developed ; 1 anal fin ; ventrals w^ith several rays. Northern seas. (An
old name of the salt-water ling.)

8938. MOLTA MOLTA (LinnsBus).

Head 5; depth 7 or 8. D. 13 to 16-63 to 70; A. 57 to 66 (vortebrse
27 -f 37 = 64). Upper jaw the longer, the maxillary reaching to below mid-
dle of orbit. Teeth cardiform in the jaws, with an inner row of rather
widely separated and larger ones on mandible; a semicircular band on
vomer, among which a few. larger ones are interspersed. First dorsal
inserted over the latter half of pectoral, its greatest height | that of body
below it ; pectoral about i as long as head ; anal insertion in vertical over
seventh or eighth ray of second dorsal. Barbel longer than eye, which is
about equal to width of interorbital space. Scales small, covering head
and fins. Color black gray, lighter on the sides and beneath ; vertical fins
edged with white ; a dark blotch at the posterior end of the first dorsal,
and a mo'3 distinct one ou the end of the second dorsal. Arctic parts of the

a

Jm:'

■it'

I

2552 Bulletin 47, United States Natiotial Museum.

Atluntic, south in doep water. This fish, the "linff" of Europe, is found
from Spitzbergen to the Gulf of Gascony, where specimens have heen
taken very exceptionally at Arcachon and San Juan de Luz. It is very
rare, however, south of the British Channel, and most abundant along the
coast of northern Europe, especially in the German Ocean and off Nor-
way . It is rare about Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands, and has
never been found in the Baltic. It is said to have been found in the deep
water off Newfoundland, but we have been unable to find the specific
record. CoUett states that on the Norwegian coast young examples rarely
occur in less depth than 100 fathoms, and according to Lilljeborg the
largest are caught in frimi 80 to 150 fathoms. ( Goode & Bean. ) (nto^ra,
an ancient name.)

Qadus molva, Linn^us, Syst. Kat., Ed. x, 254, 1858, seas of Europe; after Gadus dorso

dipterygia, Abtedi.
Molva vulgarU, Fleming, British Animals, 192,1828; GUnthbr, Cat., iv, 361, 1862; GooDE

& Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 364, fig. 317, 1896.
Oadtu raptor, Nilsson, Prodromns, 46, Sweden.
Molva linntei, Malm, Gotheborgs och BohosliinB Fauna, 491, 1877.

990. UROPHYCIS, Gill.
(Codlings.)

Phyeit, Bloch & SCHNsmEB, Syst. lohth., 56, 1801 {tinea = blennioides) ; not Phyeis, Fabri-

oius, 1798, a genus of Lepidoptera.
PhyeU, Rafinescjue, Amer. Monthly Mag. 1818, 243 (tnarginata).
TTrophyei*, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 240 {regius).
Emphyeu$, JoBDAN & EvBBHANN, new subgenus (tenuit).

Body rather elongate; head subconic; mouth rather large, the maxil-
lary reaching to below eye ; lower jaw included; chin with a small barbel ;
jaws and vomer with broad bands of aubequal, pointed teeth ; palatines
toothless. Dorsal fins 2, the first sometimes produced at tip ; second dor-
sal long, similar to the anal; veutrals wide apart, filamentous, each of
3 slender rays, closely jointed, appearing like one befid filament. Gill
membranes somewhat connected, narrowly joined to the isthmus, {ovpd,
tail; Phyeis.)

Ubophyois:
a. First dorsal fin not elevated, none of its rays filamentous.
b. Scales moderate, 90 to 95 in a longitudinal series.

e. Dorsal rays 8-43 ; anal 45 ; sides with some pnle spots. beoios, 2924.

ee. Dorsal rays 10-66 ; anal rays 57 ; barbel minute. cibbatuo, 2925.

hb. Scales small, 120 to 155 in a longitudinal series.

d. Dorsal rays 13-57 ; anal about 50; scales 120; sides with some pale spots.

FLUBIDANUS, 2926,

dd. Dorsal rays 10-62 ; anal about 53 ; scales 155. eabixi, 2927.

Emphycus (evx^uKos, in the seaweed) :
aa. First dorsal flu elevated, 1 or more of its rays filamentous.

e. Scales about 140 ; dorsal rays 9-57 ; anal 48 ; ventrals reaching vent.

TENIDS, 2928.

ee. Scales about 110; dorsal rays 9-57; anal 50; ventrals reaching beyond vent

not longer than head. CHCSS, 2929,

ue. Scales about 90; dorsal rays 9-56; anal 60; second dorsal filamentous; veu

trals very long, nearly 3 times length of head. cuBSTEBi, 2930.

>

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2553

Subgenus UROPHYCIS.

2034. UK0PIIYCI8 IIKOIUN (Walbiuiin).

Head 4,V in body; depth 5. D. 8—13; A. 40; scales about 90; eye 4^ in
head; maxillary 2; pectoral 1^; caudal 1;^. liody rather elongate, coni-
{tressed; mouth large, the maxillary reaching slightly past posterior
margin of eye; h>wer jaw included; cardiform teeth on jaws an<l vomer;
iuterorbital flattish, about equal in width to the diameter of eye; gill
rakers short, 3 -f- 12 in number; origin of dorsal over base of pectorals;
pectorals slender, barely reaching to front of anal; vontrals iilament<uiH,
composed of 2 rays each with the inner ray the larger, inserted in front of
base of pectoral in distance e(|ual to 1^ diameter of eye, their ends reach-
ing beyond front of anal ; front of anal nearer snout than base of caudal,
by nearly a head's length ; caudal subtrnncate. PaJo brownisht ingod with
yellowish, the lateral line dark brown, inter, pted by white spots; inside
of mouth white; first dorsal largely black, this color surrounded by white;
second dorsal olivaceous, with irregular round dark spots ; caudal, anal,
and pectorals dusky; ventrals and lower edge of pectorals white; 2
vertical series of round dark spots on the sides of the head. North
Atlantic, south to Cape Fear; ranging from shallow water to a depth of
167 fathoms. Here described from a specimen, 8 inches in length, from
Charleston, South Carolina. The species is said to exhibit electric powers
in life, (regiiis, royal.)

lilennius, sp., Schopf, Schrift. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, vni, 1780, 142, New York.
Blennius r«piu«, Walbaum, Artedi, Pise, ni, 186, 1792 ; after SchOpf.
Enchelyopus regalii, Bloch &, Schneider, Syst.Icbth., 53, 1801, aft«r Schopf.
Gadus punctatus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 1815, 372, New York.
JJrophyei$ regitu, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 240.
Phyeit regiut, Goodk & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 357, 1896.
Phycis regalis, GOntheb, Cat., iv, 355, 1862.
Phyeis punetatus, De Kat, N. Y. Fauna : Fishes, 292, 1842.

2926. UROPHYCIS CIBBATUS, Goode & Bean.

Head 4; depth 5. D. 10-66; A. 57; scales 6-93-20. Body moderately
btout; eye large, about 4 in head; interorbital space 2 in eye. Maxillary
not reaching posterior margin of orbit in large specimens, but in smaller
ones it extends fully to that \ertical; mandible extending far beyond
posterior margin of eye, its length about equal to postorbital part of head;
barbel minute in all examples examined, its length usually about ^ that
of eye. Teeth in villiform bands in both, jaws, the intermaxillary bauds
being wider than those of mandible; vomerines in a narrow villiform
band. Gill rakers 2 -f- 12, the largest club-shaped at end, the longest 4 in
eye. Gill membranes attached to isthmus, but with a narrow, free pos-
terior border. Length of pectorals about ^ distance from ventral to anal
origin, reaching to about the twenty-sixth row of scales ; ventral reaching
in some specimens slightly beyond origin of anal ; in 1 individual almost
to middle of anal fin ; none of the dorsal rays filamentous, the longest from
2^ to 3 times in head ; base of first dorsal about equal to length of eye in
most specimens ; in smaller examples somewhat greater, about 3 in head ;
3030 83

i;

f '

m

h-;

m

i .■ !

J!

2554 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

vont under sixteenth ray of second dorsal. Color light brown; lower
parts minutely dotted ; dorsals with uiirrow dark margins; caudal with
a broad dark margin ; anal with a narrow dark margin in its posterior
third; roof of mouth and interior of gill cavity dark brown. Deep water
of the Gulf of Moxico. (Goode Sc Bean. ) {oirraivt», bearing cirri. )

Phyeit cirrattu, Goodk & Bean, Oceanic Icbthytilogy, 358, 1896, Gulf of Mexico at Lat,
ago 03' 15" N., Long. 88° 16' W. (Tyiie, No. 39059. Coll. Albatroti.)

2026. VROPHYVIS FLOBIDANUN, Bean & Dreael.

Head 4 in body ; depth 6. D. 13-57; A. 49; scales about 120; eye 6 in
head; maxillary 2; height of first dorsal 2^ ; middle caudal rays 2. Body
rather elongate, compressed, head subconic; month large, the maxillary
reaching to below posterior margin of orbit; upper jaw and snout some-
what projecting beyond lower; small cardiforni teeth, in narrow bands
on jaws and vomer; barbel very slender, small; interorbital space wide,
slightly convex, nearly twice as wide as eye; gill rakers small, slender,
2 -f- 11 iQ number. Origin of dorsal a little behind the vertical from base
of pectoral ; first dorsal high, slightly falcate ; second dorsal a little
higher in its anterior end, higher than anal; origin of anal about midway
between tip of snout and base of caudal; pectoral slender, reaching an
eye's diameter beyond front of second dorsal; ventrals inserted twice
diameter of eye in front of i>ectoral8, 2-rayed, the inner ray the longer,
not reaching to vent in larger examples, reaching to front of anal in small
ones; caudal long and rounded. Color in spirits, reddish brown, light
below, a small black spot above eye, a vertical series of 3 or 4 behind eye,
and 2 on opercle, these spots less than i pupil, distinct and clear cut ; a
dark streak from preorbital across cheek to edge of opercle, lateral line
black, interrupted at short intervals by white spots ; fins dusky, with the
exception of pectorals and ventrals, dark toward the <^nds of the rays.
Gulf of Mexico, in rather shallow water, coming to shore in abundance
about Pensacola in cold weather. Here described from a specimen, 7^
inches in length, from Pensacola, Florida, (floridanua, from Florida.)

Phyeis floridanut. Bean & Dbesel, Froc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 1884, 100, Pensacola, Florida
(Coll. Silaa Steams) ; JoBDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 129, 1885.

2027. UBUPHT€18 EARLLI, Beau.

Head %^ in body; depth 5. D. 10-60; A. 53; scales 155; eye 6 in head;
maxillary 2. Body moderately elongate, not much compressed anteriorly ;
mouth large, the maxillary reaching to below or very slightly past poste-
rior margin of eye; snout and upper jaw projecting beyond lower jaw;
teeth strong, cardiform in a narrow band on vomer and lower jaw, in a
rather wide band in upper; interorbital wide, convex, about 1^ times eye;
gill rakers short and blunt, about 2-f-9. Origin of dorsal slightly behind
the vertical from base of pectoral ; origin of anal about midway between
snout and base of caudal; ventrals 2-rayed, the inner a little the longer,
not reaching to vent. Color brown, with some light spots on the second
dorsal fin and on the sides; anal and both dorsals margined with brown.

:*:i-'^-^ t?i7<.'.ia(tei£oi*.«f»~'- ■■:"-'.*'^ '■^

: ^..o > '■^^}k^ji:^^-.:-:^-jMy-

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2566

Atliiiitiu coast of United Stiit«;8, Houthwartl in water of luodoratu de]>th;
not eomuion. Hero deHcribcd from a sptM-iuien, 17 inches iu length, fr«ini
Charleston, South Carolina. (Ntnnt>d for R. Edward Earll, then assistant
to the United Status Fish Coniniission.)

Thydt earlli, Bban, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Muh., hi, 1880, 69, Charleston, S. C. (('oil. K. E. Karll.
Type, XoB. 25207, 252U8, nii<l 2.')2ii9) ; JoitUAN &U1LBBKT, Synopsis, 708, 188.'!.

Subgenus EMPHYCUS, Jordan &■ Kverniiuiu.
3988. UROPilV(;iS TKNUIS (Mitchill).

(CODLINO; White HAKE; S(JfIRHEL-HAKE.)

Head4J; depth 5^. D. 9-57; A. 48; scales 138. Snout lonjjer than eye,
narrower and more pointed than in /*. chuaa. Eye large, usually '.vider
than interorbital space ; maxillary reaching lieyond pupil. Filamentous
dorsal ray about ^ length of head; ventral tins about reaching vent.
Scales very small. Brownish, lighter and yellowish below ; tins very dark.
Banks of Newfoundland to Cape Hatteras; abundant northward in rather
deep water, reaching a depth of 304 fathoms. The species resembles
Phycia chuaa, diU'eriug chiefly in the smaller scales, {tenuia, slender.)

Oadus teiiuig, MiTCHiLL, Trans. Lit. and Pltil. Sec. N. Y. 1815, :i72, New York.

Phifeli dekayi, Kaup, Arcbiv Natur. 18^8, 80, North America.

i.l'hyiit rontratut, GUnther, Cat Fish. Brit. Mus., iv, 353, 1862, nolocality ; D. 9-59 to 62; A.

49 to 50; scales ca. 150; ventrals ininiaculutu, reaching front of anal.
rhijeit tenuis, De K av, N. Y. Fauna : Fishes, 293, 1842 ; G ill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1863,

238 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 799, 1883 ; Goodb &, Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology,

359, fig. 312, 1806.

2929. UR0PHTCI8 CHU8H (Walbaum).

(CODLING; SqDIRRELHAKE.)

Head 4^ ; depth 5. D. 9-57 ; A. 50 ; scales 110. Body rather slender ;
head depressed ; eye large, about equal to interorbital width ; maxillary
reaching posterior margin of pupil; filamentous dorsal ray about ^ length
of body, when perfect; pectorals i length of head; ventral tins extending
beyond the vent; scales comparatively large. Browni.^h above, sides
lighter and tinged with yellowish; thickly punctulate -with darker; be-
low pale; inside of mouth white; vertical tins somewhat dusky; anal fin
margined with pale; lateral line not dark. Atlantic coast, from Gulf of
St. Lawrence to Virginia; common northward; reaching a depth of 300
fathoms, (chuaa, a vernacular name now obsolete, apparently derived
from ousk.)

Ohu9$, SchOpf, Sohrift. Natnrf. Frennde, Berlin, viii, 1780, 143, !■. jw York.

Blennitu chnsn, Walbaum, Artedi Pise, 186, 1792; after Schopf.

Enchelyopus americanut, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 53, 1801 ; after Schopf.

Gad%u longipa, Mitchill, Trims. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., 1, 372, pi. I , flg. 4, 1815, New York.

Phycis marginatttt, Rafinesque, Amer. Month. Mag., Jan., 1818, 205, Point Judith, Rhode

Island. D. 10-60; A. 40; ventral reaching anal ; tail black-edged.
Phycia ajnerieanug, Stdher, Kept. Fish. Mass., 138, 1830; OCnther, Cat., iv, 353, 1862.
Phyeit ehtua, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863,237; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 799,

1883 ; GooDK & Bban, Oceaoio Ichthyology, 359, fig. 311, 1896.

-;

: t

;
i

1 : -
.1

!

1

I.

lit- ;
It*;, I

U

I' !

i ^t:

-I. :,

2556 Bulletin ^'^ , United States National Museum.

8080. IIR0PIIYCI8 CilKSTKRI, OoMle & Bean.

IIead4i; deptbS; orbit 3Hnb«>iul; iiiiixilliii-y2; barbel about 3 in orbit.
D. J» or 10-55 to 57; A. 56; C. 5, 18 to 21, 5; P. 17 o» 18; V. 3; sc.iles
7-90 or 1)1-28. Vent Hituiittid uiidur flic twelfth ray of second d«)rHiil,
and u<|uidi8tant from tip of snont and end of second dorsal; distance of
dorsal fln from nnont u<iual to twice length of niandfble; third my of first
dorsal extremely elonj^ate, extending to a point (thirty-third ray of ««"-
ond dorsal) f of distance from snout to tip of caudal, its leugtli more than
twice that of head, and more tlian 4 times as long as the rays immediately
preceding and following it; anal fin inserted iminediiitely behind vent, its
distance from r«>ot of ventrals equal to tliat of dorsal from snout; as in
other species of the genus, ventral of 3 rays, the first 2 much prolonged, the
first contained 3 times in length of body, the s<>coud almost 3 times as long
as head, reaching to fortieth anal ray or | of distance from snout to tip of
caudal, the third shorter than diameter of orbit; pectoral 4 times as long
as operculum. Scales large and thin, easily wrinkling with the folding
of the thick, loose skin, particularly in the median line of sides of body.
Lateral line much broken on posterior half of body. (Goode »fc Bean.)
Atlantic coast of Jnited States, in 100 to 500 fathoms, with Macronrua
bairdi, the most abundant tish on the continental slope, swarming every-
At^here below the 100-fathom line. (Named for Capt. Hubbard C. Chester.)

Vhyds ehenteri, GooDB & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1878, 256, off Cape Ann, in 140 fathoms
(Coll. Captain Chester); JoHDAN &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 800, 1883; Goode &. Bean, Oce-
anic Ichtljyology, 360, fig. 313, 1896.

991. L.£MONEMA, Giinther.

Lcemvnema, GCntheb, Cat. Fish. Bnt. Mus., iv, 356, 1862 {yarrellii).

Body of moderate length, covered with small scales; flns naked. A sep-
arate caudal ; 2 dorsal lins and 1 anal, the anterior dorsal composed of 5 rays ;
ventrals reduced to a single long ray, bifid at its end. Bands of villiform
teeth in the jaws; a small group of vomerine teeth; none on t^ 3 palatine
bones. Chin with a barbel. Branchiostegals 7. Deep sea. (Aat/uds,
throat; vff/nct, thread.)

a. Scales 13-140-31 ; barbel } eye; dorsal and anal witli narrow black edgings.

BABHATULITM, 2931.

aa. Scales 16-160-38; barbel 3 eye; a large, triangular, black blotch on tail and ad,jacent
parts of vertical flns. hblanubum, 2932.

2031. LI:M0XEMA BARBATULUM, Goode & Bean.

Head 4 J ; depth 4^ ; orbit 3 in head ; upper jaw more than 2 ; barbel about
2 in eye. D. 5-63 ; A. -59 ; P. 19 ; V. 2 ; scales 13-140-31. Vent situated under
sixth or seventh ray of second dorsal. Distance of first dorsal from snout
4 in body ; base of first dorsal ^ as long as middle caudal rays, that of
second slightly more than 3 times length of head; first derail composed
of 5 rays, the first of which is elongate, 3 times as long as middle caudal
rays, extending to base of twenty-fourth ray of second dorsal; anal fin
inserted at a distance from tip of snout equal to twice length of head,

"TTprinfl

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2557

its distance from insertion of vontrals 1>eing oqual io 1on|;t1i of head;
length of voutrals eqnal to tliat of poctoralH, their tip not dxtnuling to
vttnt. Scales sniall, very thin, deciduous, <Towd«Hl antoriorly ; lateral lint;
not well defiutul on postt'rior jiart of body. C(dor Hiniilar to that of the
various spccios of Phycia; tlio dorsal and anal fins with narrow hlack
margins. The hMigtli of tho first dorsal ray is very variahld, Iw-ing shorter
in young(>r individuals. This species dill'ers from L. yarrrUii l»y its much
s)naller scales, and from L. rohuatum hy the greater nuniher of rays in the
dorsal and anal fins, and its much shorter ventrals. (Goodie Ac^ H<-an.)
Gulf Stream, reaching a depth of 312 fathoms, {harhatulua, having small
harhels.)

Lcemonema barbatula, Ooodb & Bban, Bull. Muh. Com. Zool., x, 204, 1883, Oulf Stream,
Lat. 33° 43' N., Long. 77° ao' W., in 330 fathoms, and Lat. a8° 35' N., Long. 73° 13'
W.; GooDB & Bean, Oveauic Ichthyology, 362, flga. 315 and aiSA, 1806.

2932. LvEMONfilHA MELAXURUM, Oooilo &. Bean.

Head ahout 4f ; depth 4g ; eyo 3 in head; snout 4; interorbital width 6.
D. 6-57 ; A. 55 ; P. 25 ; V. 2 ; lir. 7 ; scales 16-160-38. Maxillary extending to
below middle of eye ; intermaxillary nearly i length of head ; mandible
slightly more than twice length of snout. Teeth in intermaxillary and
mandible in villiform bands; vomerine teeth in a small circular patch on
middle of head of bone. Harbel about as long as snout. Distance of first
dorsal from tip of snout about 4 in snout; length of first ray of dorsal
equaling that of head without snout ; last ray of dorsal scarcely more than
i: as long as first; ventral jousisting of a single bifid ray, its distance
from tip of snout equal to length of head, its length nearly equal to that
of dorsal or the pectoral when extended, not reaching vent by a distance
equpl to length of snout; pectoral equaling that of longest dorsal ray,
and also equaling head without snout ; second dorsal higher anteriorly,
and posteriorly much higher than in middle; longest anterior ray i
length of ventral ; longest posterior ray i length of head. Vent under
eighth ray of second dorsal. Qill rakers 5 -f 15, the longest i as long as
snout. Color very light brown, the dorsals and anal with a narrow dark
margin ; a conspicuous, large, triangular, dark blotch on last rays of dor-
sal and anal, and a dark blotch occupying almost the whole of caudal,
leaving a margin of whitish around it. (Goodo & Bean.) Caribbean
Sea, north to New York; reaching a depth of 1,467 fathoms. {fteXfri,
black; ovpd, tail.)

Lcemonema melanurum, Gooub & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 363, fig. 316, 1896, Gulf
Stream, Lat. 30° 44' N., Long. 79° a6' W., in 440 fathoms. (Type, No. 38270. Coll.
Albatrots.)

992. GAIDROPSARUS, Rafinesque.
(Three-bearded Rocklings.)

Oaidropsarus, Bafinesque, Indice d'lttiol. Siciliana, 1810 {mustellafi* -zmediterranetta) ;

description from a rough figure of Rondelrt.
Let Mustiles, Cuvieh, Rf"gne Anim., Ed. i, vol. 2, 216, 1817 (tricirrhafim- mediterraneus).
muttela, Oken, Isis. 1817 (for let MutUlet; not Muttela, a. genus of mammals).

!;,if

^■■"fp

hi'

^f

2558 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

OnoB, Risso, Hist. Eur. M6rid., m, 214, 1826 (muMteUa = mediterraneut).
Muntela, Stark, Elem. Nat. Hist., i, 425, 1828 (after le$ Mu$tilet).
Motella, CuviER, R^giio Anitn. Ed. 2, vol. II, 334, 1829 {vulgaris— trieirratus).
Onus, GOnthbb, corrected spelling.

Body rather elongate, covered with minute acales ; head not compressed,
th-i upper jaw ihe longer; snout with 2 conspicuous barbels, the chin
with 1 ; teeth on jaws and vomer in bands, palatines toothless ; dorsals 2,
the anterior ol a single long ray follow^id by a series of short fringe-like
rays concealed in a groove; second dorsal and anal long, similar to each
other; caudal rounded or lanceolate; ventral rays 5 to 7. Small fishes
of the northern seas, descending to deep water. We here regard the
5-bearded Rocklings {Ciliata, Conch, 1832) = Couchia, Thompson, 1856 =
MolceUa. Kaup, 1858, as a distinct genus, distinguished by the 5 barbels at
the tip of the snout, {y aid paxfxxpa, a modern Greek name used by
Rondelet for a species of this group.)

The Vi&raQ yaCdpo^dpov is now applied in Athens to the Pollack-like
fish, Micromesiatius poutaasou (RisHo).

According to Prof. Horace A. Hoffman "the name yaiSovpotfxxpov is
modern, meaning donkey fish. rai3ovpoi=yd.Sapog = aBH, donkey.
The ancients culled a certain fish ovo^, ass. Dorio, in Athenteus, vii, 99,
says some pltsous call the ukos (i. e., the fish ovoi) ydSoi. Epicharmns,
in his Marriage of Hebe, says: 'Wide-gaping X'^^'^'^^ ^^^ monstrous-
bellied ovou' (See Aiistotle 599b 33, GOla 1, 620b 29, frag. 307, 1530a.)
According to Aristotle the ovoi has a mouth opening wide (literally,
breaking back), like the yaXeoi. It leads a solitary life, is the only fish
T7hich has its heart in its belly, has stones in its brain like millstones in
form, and is the only fish which lies torpid in the warmest days under the
reign of the dog star, Sirius, tbe other i^shes going into this torpid state
in the wintriest days. The ovos, (idro^, ■^ffrra, and ptvtf bury them-
selves in the sand, and aftc -they make themselves invisible they wave the
things in their mouths which fishermen call little rods or little wands
{pa^Sia). (Hoffman & Jordan, Fishes of Athens, Proc. Ac. Nat. 8ci.
Phila. 1887, 146.)

a. First rny of flrct dorsal long, as long as bead; Lead small, 5^ in length; teeth

rather feeble, iinifomi. 1X59; A.45;P25. Color uniform brick red.

KNBIS, 2933.
aa. Firnt ray of first dornal short, about as long as snout.

6. I'ectornl rays 22 to 24; upper jaw without cirri or rudimentAry barbels along

the prcmaxillary ; riaxillarj' reaching posterior border of eye; liead 5} in

length. D. 56; A. 45. Color reddish. AROBNTATua, 2934.

6ft. Pectoral rays 10 ; upiter jaw with short cirri or barbels along the premaxillury ;

maxillary reaching fur beyond eye. D. 60; A. 42. Head 4 iu length. Color

brownish. bkptbntrionaus, 2936.

S»8S. <UIDBOPSARCS GX8I8 (Reinhardt).

Head 5f ; depth 4i. D. 59; A. 44to46; P. 22to 27; V. 8. Body nnusu-
ally deep, being greatest at the vent; head small; eye rather large,
nearly as long as snout, equaling interorbital area, and in anterior half of
head; posterior margin of orbit nearly equidistant between tip of snout
and posterior margin of opureulnni. Mouth normal ; supramaxillury end-

It

Jordan and Evermann,-— Fishes of North America. 2559

ing under posterior margin of pupil. Tfe<)th in a narrow band in eacL
jaw, 8ome of tboBe at least in outer row of upper jaw slightly enlarged
and brownish colored; teeth of vomer forming a short curved band in 2
rows. Nasal burbel about equaling diameter of eye. Chin barbel small
and not much exceeding \ diameter of eye. Foremost ray of firsi dorsal
springing from baclc above opercular margin; second dorsal iin low in
front, but rising rapidly to seventh or eighth ray, behind which it ir,
nearly uniform for a long distance, and the highest at posterior portion;
anal fin much lower than second dorsal; caudal slightly emarginate,
almost truncate behind, its median rays about f .as long as head; pecto-
rals nearly f as long as head, produced toward the upper angles, the third
ray being longest; ventral fins with their bases mostly in advance of pec-
torals, the longest ray filamentous and nearly equaling pectoral. Lateral
line obsolescent. (Goodo & iisan.) Atluntic coast of Nortli America,
from Greenland to Cape Hatteras; in deep waters, reaching a depth in
the Gulf Stream of 1,081 fathoms. {en»\s, sword.)

MoUVtaeiitu, Reinhabdt, Dansk. Videnak. Selsk. Afhandl., vii, 15, 1838, Greenland.
OnoMrufus, Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 259, GulfStrv^m; Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi.

Phila. 1884, 172; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., lk,9 1885.
Ono««..n«, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 241; Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast U. S., 18,

1873; Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 797, 1883; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 128, 1885;

Goodb &. Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 381, fig. 827, 1806.

2934. 0AIDB0PSABU8 ABGKNT.iTUS (Ke'nhardt).

Head 5; depth 5Jt. D. 54 to 59; A. 15 or 46. Body elongate; head small;
teeth in several rows, 1 row more enlarged than the others; maxillary
reaching posterior border of eye; eye large, 5^ in bead; interorbital space
scarcely exceeding the eye. Lateral line with about 27 enlarged pores
along its entire length. First ray of first dorsal short, little longer than
snout ; vent near middle of length. Reddish gray, changing to bluish on
the head and abdomen ; tips of dorsal, anal, and caudal red, also the bar-
bels and first ray of first dorsal; cavity of mouth pale. Coasts of Green-
land (Collett), south to Faroe and Bear Islands ; not tseeu by us. There
can be no doubt that Motella argentata is the young of the Fpocies later
called. Motclla reinhardti. (Eu.) (ar«7«n toius, silvered.)
Motella argentata, Reinhardt, Dansk. Yidensk. Selsk. Afh., vii, 128, 1838; Greenland;

young.
MoteUa reinhardti, Khoyer MS., 1862; Collett, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Chr., No. 14, 83, 1878,

Greenland.
Oouehia argsntata, GUnthbr, Cat., iv, 365, 1802.
Oiliata argentata, Gill. Proc. Ac. Nnt. Sci. Phila. 1863, 241 , Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast U. S.,

18, 1873.
Ono« reinhardti, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 241 ; Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast U. S., 18,

1873; Coi.lett, NorskuNord-UavsExp., 131, 1880; Jordan & Gilhert, Syuopsix, 797,

1883; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N A., 128, 1885; Goodk &. Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 383,1896.

8986. CUIDBOPSABUS SEPTEXTBIOXALIS (Collett).

Head 4; depth 5}. D. 50; A. 42; P. 16. Three Ivarbels, 2 at the nostril*,
1 at the chin, besides a row of about 8 shorter rudimentary barbels along
the edg(^ of the upper lip; eye small, i length of snout; cleft of mouth

i';[

':r-fy-;j':f-!y-ff?'

i 1

!

J'

fi
1 i

2560 Btilletin ^7, United States National Museum.

extending far beyond eye, its length nearly equal to that of postorbital
part of head; teeth rather Hniall, unequal; outer teeth of upper jaw and
Bcme of the inner teetU of lower enlarged ; first ray of first dorsal short,
about as long as snout; vent midway between tip of snout and last anal
ray; lateral lino with about 20 large pores. Grayish brown, paler below ;
cavity of mouth white. Coast of Norway; 1 specimen known from
Greenland. (Collett.) (Eu.) {seiplenirionaHa, northern.)

Motella leptentrionalii, Collett, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hiet. 1874, 15, 82, Lofoten, Norway.
Otios septentrionalin, Collett, Norske Nord-Havs Expod., 139, 1880; Jordan, Cat. Fisl).
N. A., 128, 1885.

993. ENCHELYOPUS, Bloch &, Schneider.

(Foun-BEARDKD ROCKLINGS )

Enehelyopus, Block & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 50, 1801 (eimhritu; the first species
mentioned and tlie one left as type aft«r elimination of the genera, defined prior to
RhinonemuB).

Rhinonemus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Scl. Phila. ^883, 241 (cimbrius).

Barbels 4, 1 at each nostril, 1 at tip of snout, and 1 at the chin ; head
high and compressed anteriorly; teeth in narrow bands, some of them
enlarged; otherwise essentially ae in Gaidropaarua, North Atlantic.
(^7';feA.UGi>;rd5, resembling an eel; "facie anguillaria.")

2036. ENCHELT0PU8 CIXBRIIJS (LinnsBus).

(FoUR-BEARDED EOCKLINO.)

Head 5^; depth 9. D. 45 to 50; A. 41 or 42; V. 5. Body slender, taper-
ing from the shoulders back ; caudal peduncle narrow, 4 in head ; snout
moderate, blunt, rounded, not depressed, a little shorter than the eye ;
eye large, subcircular, 4 in head; iuterorbital space narrow, equal to ver-
tical diameter of eye, 6 in head; teeth villiform, those in the upper jaw
unequal, small, with about 8 enlarged in front, those of the lower jaw
long and slender, of equal length, a few somewhat enlarged in front;
maxillary reaching beyond posterior border of eye, a barbel at each nos-
tril, 1 on tip of snout and 1 on chin, stitch-like; lateral line with about 35
enlarged pores along its entire length ; first ( free) ray of dorsal nearly as long
ashead; ventral^head; caudalacute. Light olivaeeous (salmon-red); first
dorsal ray and posterior end of dorsal and anal abruptly bl-ick, as is lower
half of caudal ; jiectorals and ventrals pale ; sides of head somewhat silvery ;
'cavity of month dark bluish. ' North Atlantic, on both coasts, south in
deep water to the Gulf Stream; common in Massachusetts Ray ; our speci-
mens from Woods Hole; the young ("mackerel midges") silvery, unlike
the adult in appearance. (Eu.) (otmAriufl, welsh.)

Gadus cimbriitt, Linn^US, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, i, 440, 1760, Atlantic Ocean; Scania (Coll. Dr.
Strussenfelt).

MoUlla eaudaeuta, Storer, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., in, 1848, 5, Caps Cod, Province-
town, Mass. (Coll. Herman M. Smith); Storer, Amer. Ac. Sci., 411, 1867; Storer,
Hist. Fish. Mass., 183, 1867.

Rhinonetnut eaudaeuta, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1863, 241; Goode & Bean, Amer.
.Tonrn. Sri. and Arts 1«77, 470; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A , 128, 1885.

MoteUa eimt, iu, X ilbsoM, Prod. Ich. iicaud., 48, 1832 ; Bell, Can. Nat. audGeol., iv, 209, 1859.

< :U!

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2561

Onoi eimbrius, Goodb & Bean, Proo. U. S. Nat. M&s. 1878, 349; Goodk & Bean, Bull. Essex
lust., XI, 1879; JOUD.VN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 797, 1883; GoouB & Bean, Bull. Mus.
Coiup. Zool., X, No. 5, 217, 1883.

Jihinonemttg eimbriut, Jordan, Cat. FisliN A.., 128, 1885 ; Goode & Bean, Oce&nic Ichthy-
ology, 384, fig. 328, 1896.

Enehelyopus cimbrieu* (misprint for eimbrius), Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ich., 50, pi. 9,
1801.

994. BROSME (Cuvier) Oken.

(CU8K8.)

a

Lea Brotmea, Cdvier, S6gne Animal, Ed. i, vol. 2, 216, 1817 {brosme).

JBroame, OKEN.Isis, 1817, 1182; aft«rCuviKR.

Broimiut, Cuvier, R^gne Animal Ed. 2, vol. ii, 334, 1829 (bronne).

Body moderately elongate, covered witb very small scales. Mouth rather
large, with teeth in the jaws, vomer, and palatines, some of those on the
vomer and palatines enlarged ; chin with a barbel ; branchiostegals 7.
Dorsal tin single, continuous, not elevated, not notched ; anal fin similar,
but shorter; caudal fin rounded; ventral fin several-rayed. Northern
seas. (From the Danisb vernacular name, hrosme.)

ie9»7. BBOMME BBOSHE (Muller).
(Cdsk.)

D. 98; A. 71; P. 24; V. 5. Body cylindrical, posteriorly compressed;
head flattened above. Mouth large, oblique, maxillary reaching beyond
orbit; lower jaw included; several rows of sharp teeth on jaws,
vomer, and palatines; barbel about 5 in head; interorbital greater than
the diameter of eye. Origin of dorsal above anterior half of pectoral ;
pectoral round, 2^ in head; caudal rounded behind. Brownish above, the
sides yellowish, sometimes mottled with brown; young uniform dark
slate color, or with transverse yellow bands; vertical fins bordered with
blackish, and with a white edge. (Storer. ) North Atlantic, south to Cape
Cod and Denmark; rare southward on our coasts, {broame, a Danish
name.)

Oadus broame, MVllkb, Prodr. Zool. Dan., 41, 1776, Denmark; FABBlcirs Fauna Groen-

landica, 140, 1780.
Oadua Itibb, Euphrasbn, Vet. Akad. Handl. 1794, 223, tab. 8.

Gadtu torak, Bonnaterbb, Enoycl. Meth., 51, 1788, Sondmore, Norway ; after Strom.
Broamtua vulgaria, Fi.emino, British Anim., 194, 1828.
Broamiuaflaveany, Le Sueuh, M/;m. Mub., v, 1819, 158, Banks of Newfoundland; chin

with 2 barbels ; lower Jaw longest.
Broamixia flaveaeena, GUnthbr, Cat., IV, 360, 1862; Storbr, Hist Fish. Mass., 368, 1867.
Knehebjopua broame, Buk^h Sl Schneidbb, Syat. Iohth.,61, 1801.
Broamuia broame, (rCNTHBR Cat., iv. 360, 1802^ .Iordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 802, 1883;

GooDE & Bean, Oceanic Ichtliyology, 3Ah, li^'.a29, 1896.
Blenniua torak, LAO£:pt:DE, Hist. Nat. Poias., ii, 508, 1800.

Family CCXV. MACROURID^.

(The OnKNADiRUS.)

Bo<ly elongati>, tap<«ring into a very long coiii|)re8Ht>d tail, which ends in
u point; scales moderate, usually keeb'd or spinous, sometimes smooth.
Suborbital bones enlarged, Honietimescav«M-nuiis. Tt^eth villiform orcardi-

2662 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

. ^'

form, in bands, on the jawH only ; tip of lower jaw with a barbel ; premaxil-
li:?'y protractile. Dorsal tins 2, the first short nud hif;h, of stiff, spine-like
branched rays ; the second dorsal very long, usually of very low feeble
rays, continued to the end of the tail ; anal fin similar to the second dorsal,
but usually much higher; no caudal fin; ventrals small, subjugular, each
of about 8 rays. Branchiostogals 6 or 7. Lateral line present. Gills 3^ or
4, a slit behind the fourth. Gill rakers small; gill membranes free or nar-
rowly united to the isthmus, usually more or less connected; pseudo-
branchia>. Wtinting or rudimentary; pyloric cieca numerous; 'air bladder
present. Genera 18; species about 50, chiefly of the northern seas, all iu
deep water. They differ from the codfishes chiefly in the elongate and
degenerate condition of the posterior part of the body. Dr. Gill suc-
cinctly defines the group as "Gadoidea with an elongated tail tapering
backward and destitute of a caudal fin, postpectoral anus, enlarged sub-
orbital bones, inferior mouth, subbrachial ventrals, a distinct anterior
dorsal, and a long second dorsal and anal converging on end of tail." We
here follow Goode & Bean in the general arrangement of the genera of
Macrouridw. Some of these can, however, be only provisionally adopted,
as the characters of <lentition, form of mouth, and character of the second
dorsal spine or ray, are subject to much intergradation. These characters
seem much more distinct on paper than they are in fact. Still, most of
the genera here adopted will ultimately prove valid. {Maciuridce,
Gunther, Oat., 1 v, 390-398, 1862. )

a. First brancl1i.1l arch free, without fold of membrane across it ; month large; seconil
dorsal well dovelo])ed, Iiigher than the anal.
Bathyoadin^- :
b. Gills 3i ; snout short and blunt, the jaws even in front ; teeth in villiform bands,
sometimes obsolete ; bones of liead soft and cavernous ; scales smooth ; first
dorsal low, its spine not produced. Batuyoadus, 905.

Trachyrinchin^ :
bh. Gills 4 ; snout rather long.

e. Teeth in upper Jaw in 2 series, the outer enlarged, thoje in lower jaw
in 1 series; mouth subteniiinal ; barbel ob.<'jiete; nave without scale-
less fosstc; vomer with teeth; bones of bead soft and cavernous; tail
very long, ilagelliform ; anal flu with an elevated anterior lobe.

Steindachnbria, 906.
ee. Teeth in both Jaws in villiform bands; barbel developed; mouth inferior;
a naked fossa on each side of nape; a row of armed scales along baoe
of dorsal anteriorly ; opercle very small ; anal not elevated in front.

THACHYRU»CU8, 007.
MaCROURIN^ :

€M. First branchial arch with a fold of membrane across its terminal portion ; gills 4, a
slit behind the fourth ; barbel well developed.
d. Teeth not all in villiform bands, those of lower jaw in 1 series; mouth rather
largo, with more or less of lateral cleft.
e. Upper Jaw without villiform band behind the enlarged anterior teeth, the
inner t«eth, if present chiefly uniserial, not in villiform bands.
/. Dorsal fins widely separated, the interapace greater than base of first.
g. First dorsal with the spine not serrat*^ its insertion over pectoral
or nearly ho; pectoral placed high, opposite upper angle of
gill cleft: scales small, bristly; bones of head oaNcrnoiis;
ventrnls short and weak. Malacocbphaloh, 008.

gg. First dorsal with its spine more or loss strongly serrate ; pectoral
inserted below upper angle of gill clet1>.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2563

h. Scales nearly smooth, with weak ridges which are not
spinigerous. Mosei^ya, 909.

hh. Scales rough with strong ridges. Nematonuhus, 1000.
//. Dorsal flns near together, the interspace less than base of first; scales
rough.
». Uorsal spine weak, uiiArmed or very nearly so; pectorals moder-
ate. ALBATB088IA, 1001.
n. Dorsal spine very strongly serrate*; p«H!toralH very long.

Booos .oviiTS, 1002.

ee. Upper Jaw with a distfnct villiform band behind tlie outer series of

enlarged teeth; dorsal spine serrate; dorsal flns not widely 8ei)aratcd.

Chalinura, 1003.
dd. Teeth in villiform bands above and below, the outer scarcely enlarged and
not separated <Vom the rest; the lower band sometimes becomi»;„' a single
series laterally ; scales rough.
j. Mouth wide, with considerable lateral cleft.

k. Dorsal spine finely barbed; skull rather firm; dorsals mo<lprately

separated. ConYPH.«NoiDES, 1004.

kk. Dorsal spine entirely smooth ; bones of skull very thin and papery ;

dorsals well separated. Hymenocepmalub, 1005.

jj. Moutli inferior, small, with little lateral cleft; a more or less distinct

ridge across the suborbital region.

I. ^ales spinous, very rough. *

m. Scales distinct, regularly imbricated.

- n. Loiig dorsal spine serrate in front; mouth subinferior,

below the short snout. Macrourus, 1006.

nn. Long dorsal spine smooth; month wiiolly inferior, below

the long sturgeon-like snout. Ccelorhynchus, 1007.

mm. Scales indistinct, scarcely imbricated ; the whole body rough-

villous; dorsal spine smooth. Trachonurcs, 1008.

II. Scales all thin and smooth, dorsal fin slightly serrulate.

Lionurus, lOOU.

995. BATHYGADUS, Giinther.

Jialhygadvs, GUnther, Ann. Mag. Kat. Hist. 1878, 23 (cottoides).

Head large, fleshy, without prominent ridges, spiny iiimatnre or exter-
nal dopressioDH; nape elevated, hump-like. Snout bro;(d, obtuse, not
produced; mouth terminal very large, with small villilbrm teeth or none;
Huborbital ridge very low, not Joined to the angle of the preopercnlum.
Maxillary entirely received within a groove under the prefrontal and sub-
orbital bones, its tips narrowed and blade-like; premaxill.-nies protractile
downward, separated anteriorly, rib-shaped, compressed vertieally, very
broad and without true teeth; provid64l posteri«»rly with a short flange,
which is received under the maxillary; mandible received within the
intermaxillary bones, Avithout true teeth, but with niinute asperities, sim-
ilar to those in the npper jaw; vomer and palatines toothless. Barbel
sometimes present. No pseudobranchiie. Gill rakers numerous, moder-
ate, lanceolate, with minute denticulations along their inner edge.
Branchiostegal membrane fr«'e from the istlimus, deeply cleft. Branehi-
ostegals 7, very stilf. Gill opening very wide; gills 3J; anterior gill arch
free. Operculum with a blunt, spine-like prominence at its angle. Ven-
trals below the pectorals, many-rayed, the anterior rays produced; dor-
sal consisting for the most part of branched rays, higher than theaual, the

u

i;i

M i

hii

2564 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

iivst (lorHul low, without differentiated spine. Scdles cycloid, unarmed;
lateral line strongly arched over the pectoral. Deep HoaH. This genus
differs from Macroiirus and its allies in tho structure of both the first
and last gill arches. It is perhaps the most primitive of the family and
as such is nearest allied to the Gadidce. (/SaBvi, deep; Gadus, codfish.)

a. Pectoral and ventral fins moderate, not much, if any, longer than head.
b. Jaws without teeth ; pectoral fin broad, of 25 rnys ; depth 5} in length.

AKCUATDS, 2938.

bb. Jaws with small teeth ; pectoral fin narrow ; depth 6 to 6} in lengtli.
c. Eye moderate, 5 in head ; pectoral rays 14, the fin i as long as head.

FAVOSUS, 2939.
ce. Eye very large, 2| in head ; pectoral as long as head without snout.

MACKOP8, 2940.
aa. Pectoral and ventral flns much produced, much longer than head, each reaching
about halfway to tip of caudal ; depth 7^ in length ; pectoral rays 13.

LONQIFILIS, 2941.

2988. BATHTGADU8 ARCUATU8, Goode & Bean.

Head 5 in total length; depth 5|; eye 4 J in head; snout 4|. D. II, 9 or
10-135; A. 120; P. 25; V. 8; scales 8-140-13 or 14 (counting backward
from vent to lateral line), 22 counting forward. Body shaped much as in
Chalinura Simula, but the nape still more convex; back gibbous, the dor-
sal outline rising rapidly from interorbital region to origin of first dorsal,
■whence it descends gradually to end of tail. Scales moderate, cycloid,
subovate, without armature, those of abdominal region and those above
pectorals the largest ; lateral line strongly arched over the pectorals, length
of the arched portion contained about 3 J times in straight portion, great-
est height of arch about i its chord ; scales covering all parts of head
except jaws and chin. Interorbital area fiat, its width 6 in head; post-
orbital portion of head abotit 2^ times diameter of eye; operculum termi-
nating in a flat obtuse spine, its length, including the flap, about equal to
diameter of eye; preoperculum entire, with a prominent ridge in advance
of its posterior edge; snout very broad, obtuse, the intermaxillaries
extending beyond it, its width at nostrils equal to about twice length of
eye; posterior extremities of intermaxillary processes elevated, producing
a decided hump upon top of snout; ridge formed by prefrontal and sub-
orbital bones terminating very slightly behind posterior margin of orbit,
and not connected with angle of preoperculum. Nostrils immediately in
front of lower part of eye, not tu1)ular, the anterior one very small, pore-
like, only about i as large as posterior one; distance of anterior nostril
from tip of snout about f length of eye. Length of barbel 6f in length of
body, and equal to length of head without snout, more than 3 times as
long as eye. No true teeth, the intermaxillaries and mandible being broad
plates, covered with minute asperities; a naked space at the symphysis of
intermaxillaries ; distance of first dorsal from snout nearly 3^ times length
of its base, the first spine minute, the second (in the type) somewhat
mutilated, its length nearly 3 in length of head, not stouter than the
branched rays, an 1 entirely smooth ; second dorsal fin separated from first
by a very short ir terspace, equal to about i of length of eye, its rays long,
8ube(iual, the first slightly the longest, its length equal to that of base of

> I

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2565

lirst dursal; anal much lower than dorsnl, the longest rays heing iu front,
its third ray about \ as long au tirst ray of second dorsal ; this (in inserted
under the seventh ray of second dorsal ; about 3 of the terminal anal rays
might be considered caudal rays; pectoral inserted slightly iu advance of
ventral, which is iu about the san:e vortical with tlio origin of the lirst
dorsal, second ray of pectoral slightly produce«l ; length of pectoral equal
to that of head without snout; ventral insertion distant from tip of snout
a distance etiual to that of tirst dorsal from snout, the tirst and second
rays tilainentous, the latter slightly the longer, and extending to the
fifteenth or eighteenth ray of anal tin. Color brown; vertical tins bluish
or black ; peritoneum black ; inside of gill covers and roof of mouth bluish.
(Goode Si, Bean.) West Indies and Gulf of Mexico. Three specimens
known; the type from near Martinique, (arouatua, arched.)

Bathygadus arevatus, Uuodb & Bican, Bull. Mug. Coni|). Zool., xn, Ko. 5, 158, 1883, off
Martinique, in 334 fathoms (Coll. Blake) ; Goode &. Bean, Oceanic Iclitliyology, 421,
1896.

2930. BATH¥<aDUS FAV08US, GoiHle \ l\mn.

Head 5^ in total length; depth about 6; eye 5 in hrad; snout about 4.
D. II, 9-125; A. 110; V. 9; P. 14; B. 7; scales 10-135-16. Body heavy,
stout, the profile descending gradually and in a slight curve from first dor-
sal to snout. Scales small, deciduous, cycloid, without armature; interor-
bital area slightly convex, its gi^patest width about 3 in head; the postor-
bital part of head 2f times as long as eye; snout broad, oblique, its
width at the nostrils a little more than that of interorbital area ; nostrils
close to and in front of middle of eye, the posterior somewhat the larger ;
no barbel. Teeth in both jaws in villiform bands, a naked space at
symphysis of intermaxillaries; intermaxillary ' bands more than twice as
wide as those of mandible ; vomer and palatines toothless. Gill rakers
20-1-25, the longest on anterior arch Hllghtly more than i eye; pseudobran-
chiib present, very rudimentary in some individuals, in others wanting
or present only on one side ; first dorsal distant from snout a distance
slightly more than length of head, length of its base about equal to width
of snout at nostrils, the fin consisting of 2 spines, the first minute, and
9 branched rays ; length of longest dorsal spine, which is armed, 2 in head ;
second dorsal beginning immediately behind first, the membrane being
cQutinuous; anterior rays longest, apparently about i length of head;
anal lower than second dorsal, its distance from snout about equal to i
of total length; pectoral inserted under anterior rays of tirst dorsal and
very slightly in advance of origin of ventral, its length more than i that
of head; distance of ventral from snout 5 times in total length; this
fin inserted nearly under base of pectoral; the first ray somewhat pro-
duced, its tip reaching to fourth ray of anal fin. Color bluish brown,
darkest upon head and abdomen. West Indies. The type specimen, 350 mm.
in length, was obtained by the Blake from Station LXXX, oft' Martinique,
at a depth of 472 fathoms. (.Goode & Bean.) {favosus, like honeycomb.)

Bathygadu* favosus, Goode & Bean. Bull. Mus. Corap. Zool., xn, Ko. 5, 160, 1883, off Mar-
tinique in 473 fathoms (Coll. Blaks) ; Goode & Bean, Oconnic Ichthyology, 420, tig.
352, 1896.

I 1 (

If

t i

w

2660 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

i

m \

3940. BATHTfi DVH MACR0P8, Goode &. Bean.

Pleud 5i in total lungth; depth 6^; eye 2| in head; snont 5. D. II,
8 — about 125; V. 8. Body somewhat compressed; scales small, decid-
uous, about 25 rows in an oblique lino from the vent to the dorsal fin,
24 from the upper angle of operculum to the vertical through origin of
the anal; interorbital area nearly flat, its width 4 in head; postor-
bital part of head scmiewhat longer than diumetor of eye; snout broad,
obtuse; nostrils close to eye, the posterior nearly twice as large as
anterior one; maxillary extending to vertical through posterior margin
of orbit, its length equal to that of head without its postorbital portion ;
length of mandible 3 times that of snout; intermaxillaries and mandibh^
provided with narrow bands of villiform teeth, those of the mandible much
shorter. A minute barbel, about i as long as snout. Vomer and palate
toothless. Gill rakers lanceolate, elongate, 7 -|- 26, the longest 7 in head ;
pseudobrauchia« absent; distance of tirst dorsal from snout nearly 5 times
in total length, second or longest ray in the typical specimen twice
length of snout; second dorsal almost continuous with the first, its
anterior rays the longest, about 4 times in length of head ; anal inserted
under fourteenth ray of second dorsal, its rays all very short ; in a dis-
tance equal to length of head, counting back from insei-tion, there are 33
rays ; pectoral inserted under first branched ray of first dorsal, its length
in the most nearly perfect specimens equaling length of head without
snout; ventral origin very slightly behind origin of pectoral under third
branched ray of dorsal, reaching nearly to vent when laid back, its length
equaling 3 times that of the snout. Branchiostegals 7. Color yellowish
gray, lighter below. (Goode & Bean.) In deep waters of the Gulf of
Mexico ofi:' the United States coast, in 321 to 347 fathoms, {/uaxpo?, large;
ai/>, eye.)

Lathygadua maerops, Goode & Bean, Proc. F. S. Nat. Mua. 1885, 598, Gulf of Mexico,
Lat. a8° 34' N., Lang. 86° 48' W., in 335 fathoms (Tyjie, No. 37339. Coll. Alhatrom) ;
GCnthbb, Challenger Keport, xxn, 156, 1887 ; Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology,
423, 1896.

2041. BATHYGADUS LONOIFILIS, Goode & Bean.

Head about 5| in total length ; depth 7^ ; eye 4 in head ; snout 4. D. II,
8 or 9 — about 140; P. 13; V. 8; scales about 142. Body more compressed
than in h. maci-ops ; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, about 25 rows from
the vent upward and forward to the dorsal fin, interorbital area flattened,
its greatest width 'i'^ times in total length of head ; postorbital portion of
head twice as long as eye; snout and nostrils normal; maxillary reaching
somewhat beyond posterior margin of orbit, its length twice in distance
from snout to origin of first dorsal; length 'of mandible 2^ times in snout;
barbel slender, long, its length equal to 1^ times orbital diameter. Teeth
in narrow villiform bands in each jaw, none on vomer or palatine bones;
gill rakers very long and slender, numerous, 17 + 35, the longest nearly 6
in head; pseudobranchiie absent; first dorsal of 2 stout spines, the first
minute, the second elongate, and 8 or 9 branched rays, its distance from
snout 5i in total; second or longest simple ray nearly 8 times length of

Uf

1

' B

1

,11,

ssaed
I from
sned,
of
|5hing
tance
lout;
Teeth
)neB;
l^rly 6
first
Ifrom
Ithof

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America, 2567

Bnont, and reaohiug to or beyond tko thirtii^th ray of the second dorsal;
second dorsal almost continuous with the first, its anterior rays longest
and not diminishing rapidly in size toward tail ; anal inserted under ninth
ray of second dorsal, its rays much shorter than those of dorsal, and situ-
ated about same distance apart ; pectorals inserted under anterior portion
of first dorsal, first ray much ])roducod, (extending more than halfway
from its insertion to tip of tail; ventral origin slightly behind origin of
pectoral, under third branched ray of dorsal, its firHt ray much enlarged,
extending more than halfway from its insertion to tip of caudal, its length
2^ times in total length; branchiostegais 7. Color yellowish gray, abdo-
men bluish. This form is closely allied to li. multifilia, described by Giin-
ther from off the Philippines (Challenger Report, xxii, 155, pi. 42, fig.
B, 1887), which, however, appears to have a smaller eye, less elongate fila-
ments, and ventrals inserted in advance of the first dorsal, while the anal
appears to be further back, under the twelfth or thirteenth ray of second
dorsal. Both species are provided with long, slender barbels; in other
respects they are closer to li. cottoid<-8, the typical species, than to J{. mav-
ropa. (Goode & Bean.) Deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, in 525 to 739
fathoms, (longua, long; filum, thread.)

liathygadvM longiflli», GooDE & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 599, Gulf of Mexico.

Lat. a8° 47' 30" N., Long. 87° 37' W., in 734 fathoms (Type, No. 37338. Coll. Albatro»») ;

OOnther, Challenger Report, xxu, 157, 1887; Alco£;k, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hint. 1890,302;

Alcuck, I. e. 1801, 123 ; GooDB & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 422, 1896.
Hymenoeephaltn longifilia, Yahxant, Exp. Sci. Trav. ct Tails, 218, pi. 23, tig. 1, 1888.

996. STEINDACHNERIA, Goode & Bban.

Steindachneria, Goode & Bean, in Agabsiz, Three Cruiaea of the Blake, 11, 26, 1888 (no
type; short diagnoais*); not Steindaehneria, Eioenmann, Nematognathi, Occasional
Papers, i, Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, 100 and 202, a geniiit of Siluroid fishes.

Steindac^ leria, Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 419, 1896 (argentea).

Steindaehnerella,t Eiqenbiann, American Naturalist, February, 1897, 159 (argentea).

Body compressed, with tapering tail. Mouth large, terminal. Dorsal
fins continuous, both elevated anteriorly; anal divided, the anterior por-
tion elevated, the posterior low. Teeth in each jaw biscrial, the outer
much enlarged, vomerine teeth present. Bones of head soft and cavernous.
E,ye large. Gill membranes connected anteriorly, free from the isthmus.
Gill rakers slender, rather numerous ; vent in anterior third of length. No
pseudobranchiiB. Branchiostegals 7. No barbel. Pectorals and ventrals
both below first dorsal. Scales thin, cycloid, deciduous. Deep seas.
("This remarkable genus is named in honor of Dr. Franz Steindachner,
Custos of the Imperial Zoological Museum of Vienna," one of the ablest
naturalists of the century.)

* "Steindaehneria, a Macruroid with a high differentiated first anal spine." (Goode &.
Bean.)

t As the original diagnosis of the Macrourid genus Steindaehneria, altliough very short,
is correct and suiHeient fur identification, the name in <|uestion should bo retained for it
rather than Steindaehnerella, and the Silurid genus Steindaehneria, Eigenmann should
receive a new name.

4

m

W

i;

'• ' im

i

2668 Btilletin ^7, United States National Museum.

8948. STKINDAt'ilNKRIA ARQKNTRA, r;.M*de Ac Bean.

Head h\ in total; depth 7^, at iiiiul origin 8; oye 3j^ in head; Buont about
5.}^; interorbitnl width 6^ ; maxillary 2; jiremaxillary 2 ; mandible 1}; gill
rakers 4 or 5 + 19; D. VIII, 123 + ; A. 10 + 113; P. 15; V. 8. Head and
body compressed; tail tapering to a very tine point. Scales small, decid-
uous, cycloid, 6 rows between lateral line and origin of soft dorsal. Nos-
trils nearer eye than end of snout, tbe anterior nostril nearly circular, the
posterior much longer and slightly ooncavo ; no barbel. Maxillary dilated
at the extremity and somewhat produced downward into an obtuse point,
reaching nearly to a vertical at posterior margin of orbit, and concealed
by the preorbital; premaxillaries slightly protractile, much attenuated
posteriorly; mandible reaching slightly behind eye. Premuxillary and
mandibular teeth biserial, those of the outer series enlarg(;d and rather
widely set, some of the enlarged teeth sliglitly sagittate at tip ; vomerine
teeth well developed; upper pharyngeal teeth in 2 broad, well-developed
patches. Gill rakers elender, the longest about 2 in eye. Distance from
snout to first dorsal about \ total length, the lirst spine elongate, tiliform,
and reaching fourteenth ray of second dorsal ; base of first dorsal about 1
in head ; longest ray of second dorsal about 2\ in head, the rays diminish-
ing in size rapidly, the last minute ; origin of anal under sixth ray of
second dorsal, not far behind the vent, the anterior elevated portion 3on-
Histing of 10 rays, all of which except the firat iire divided, the second ray
longest, twice length of eye, the tenth ray only about -f length of second,
and separated by a small membrane from rest of fin which consists of very
minute rays. Vent under fourth ray of second dorsal. Origin of ventrals
under base of pectorals and about under third spine of- 6rst dorsal ; first
ventral ray filamentous, reaching origin of anal ; pectoral reaching to below
fifteenth ray of second dorsal. Gulf of Mexico. Only the type known.
Length 233 mm. (argenteua, silvery.)

Sleindaehneria argentea, GooDB &, Bean, Oceanic Ichtbyology, 419, tig. 351, 1896, off delta
of Mississispi River, Lat. 39° 14' 30" N., Long. 88°og' 30" W., in 68 fathoms. (Type,
Kg. 37350. Coa.Albatro*».)

997. TRACHYRINCUS, Giomo.

Trachyrincus, GiORNA, Mem. Accad. Imp. Turin, xvi, 1803, 178 (no type mentioned).
Lejndoleprus, Risso, IclitU. Nice, 197, 1810 {trachyrincus).
Oxyeephat, Rafine8<jue, Caratteri, 31, 1810 (»cabrui= trachyrincus).
Lepidosoina, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Clastt'n Fish., 11, 261, 1839 (frachyrhynchus).
Trachyrhynehus, GUntheb, Challenger Report, xxii, 152, 1887 ; corre ^. jd spelling.

8noat produced in a long depressed process which is sharply pointed in
front, with a sharp lateral edge, which is continued in a straight line
iicross the suborbital region. Mouth inferior, horseshoe-shaped, placed
like the mouth of a sturgeon. Teeth in both jaws in villiform bands;
chin with a barbel ; a scaleless fossa on each side of nape. Second dorsal
well developed. Scales moderate, spinigerous ; a scries of larger scales,
each armed with a projecting ridge, along each side of base of dorsal and
anal anteriorly. Opercle small. Gill membranes scarcely united; gills 4;
lirst gill arch free, with short, styliform gill rakers. Deep seas. This

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2569

lU

genua and its allies differ from Macrournt in the important char-i.cter of
the structuru of the first gill arch, {^rpaxv'i, rough; fivyxo%, snout;
hence properly, but not originally, npelled Travhyrrhynchua. )

2948. TRACHTBINCTS HEL0LKPI8, Gilbert.

Head 3i in total; depth 7; oye large, 4 in head, = intororbital width;
snout 2i, its greatest width 1^ in its length. D. 11. 8nout doprcssed, flat,
narrowly triangular, tapering to a sharp point, its lateral ridges con-
tinuous backward over suborbital chaiu and across cheek. Intororbital
space wide and flat. Ethmoidal ridge not prominent. Mouth wholly
inferior, U-shaped, overpassed by the snout by a distunce (contained 3i in
head. Barbel slender, short, loss than ^ diameter of orbit. Teeth finely
villiform, in very broad bands in each jaw, none of them (>nlarged. Max-
illary reaching to or almost to vortical from hinder margin of orbit, 3^ in
head. Opercle very small, triangular, its length behind preopercular
margin scarcely more than ^ diameter of orbit; outer gill arch not adnate
to the opercle, its lower limb with 17 short gill rakers, which are not
tubercular. Distance of dorsal fin from nape 3^ in head, tho 2 dorHal fins
closely approximated ; second dorsal ray not spine-like, soft and flexible,
and not longer than the succeeding rays, its length 'i the diameter of orbit.
Vent located immediately in front of origin of anal fin, its distance from
ventrals 1^ in head. Ventrals short, inserted well in advance of base of
pectorals, the outer ray little produced, its length H in diameter of orbit.
Scales all with their margins embedded, and therefore appearing non-
imbricated, the central portion of each projecting, tubercle-like, and
bearing a single strong central spine, with sometimes 2 or 3 smaller ones ;
belly and breast sometimes covered with much smaller scales similarly
armed ; no naked area between bases of ventrals ; enlarged plates along
bases of dorsals and anal bearing each a strong compressed backwardly-
curved spine, usually without distinct serrations; from the base of the
central spine radiate lines of short spinous points ; dorsal series of plates
continued forward to the nape, the predorsal portion of the included
groove covered with scales; ventral series scarcely extending beyond
vent, but extending farther posteriorly than do the dorsal plates ; scales
on top af head with a median serrated ridge ; temporal fossa) small but
evident, naked. Color apparently dark brown; gill cavity and perito-
neum black. Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Central America, in deep
water. Only the type known, a specimen 18 inches long. (^Ao;, tubercle;
Xenii, scale.)

TraehyrhynehuM helolepit, Oilbbrt, Proc. U. S. Na*. Mus. 1891, 562, Pacific Coast of Cen-
tral America in deep water. (Type, No. 48205.)

'M

'Sv

: :H

998. MALACOCBPHALUS, Gtinther.

MalaeooephiUut, GOntheb, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mns., iv, 396, 1862 (Icevis).

Intermaxillary teeth biserial, mandibulary teeth uniserial. Mouth lat-
eral; snouth short, obtuse. Head without prominent ridges, with wide
muciferous cavities. Dorsal fin over origin of pectorals, its longest spine
3030 84

»! • im'^

mm

2670 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

smooth ; dorsal tins widely separated. Pectorals short, placed high, oppo-
site upper an^le of gill cleft. Hcalcs small, bristly. Origin of lateral line
at upper angle of gill cleft. {naXaxd^, soft; Kt^akr), head.)

2044. HALAC0CEPHALU8 0CCIDENTALI8, Ooode & Bean.

Eye 2i in head; barbel slightly longer than eye; snout 4 in head; inter-
oi.)ital Hpace 4. Agreeing with Gilnther'H description of M. Iwvia, but
dift'ering in the position of the vent, the ventraln, and the anal tin, the laHt
commencing at a diHtance behind the vent equal to length of snout ; dis-
tance of vent from origin of veutralH less than its distance from origin of
anal ; ventrals originate under middle of first dorsal ; origin of pectorals
under that of lirst dorsal, the pectorals an long as head Avithout poHtorbital
flap ; ventrals reaching to or slightly beyond origiu of anal. Gill rakers
rudimentary, x + 11. Second dorsal spine nearly equal to length of head ;
first branched dorsal ray about as long as head. Atlantic Ocean, off
Cape Hatteras, and Caribbean Sea. Length 8^ inches; a doubtful species,
perhaps identical with M. l^vis. {oocidmtalia, western.)

Malaeoeephalus oeciAentalis, Goodr & Bean, Froc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 507, off Cape Hat-
teras, at Albatross Station 3310, Lat. 35° <4' N., Long. 79° 51' 'V., in 13a fathoms.
(Type, No. 37336.)

999. MOSELEYA, Goode & Bean.

Moseleya, Ooode & Bban, Ooeanio Icbtbyology, 417, 1896 (longifilit).

This genus is near Ncmatonurus, having the mouth small, the upper
teeth in 1 or 2 series, the dorsal spine weakly serrate, and the dorsal fins
well separated. The chief difference lies in the scales, which are feebly
ridged and nearly or quite smooth. The typical species, M. longifiUa (Giln-
ther), is from off the coast of Japan. (" Named in honor of Prof. Henry
N. Moseley, F. R. S., of Oxford University, whoso contributions to natural
history while naturalist of H. M. S. Challenger we desire to commem-
orate.")

2946. MOSELETA CYCLOLEPIS (Gilbert).

Dorsal II-8 or 9; ventral 12; eye 4^ in head; snout 3|; maxillary 2|.
Head smooth, compressed, without conspicuous ridges; median and lat-
eral rostral ridgee. terminating in slightly projecting points, the median
process, a short portion of the median ridge, and the edge of the membrane
connecting median with lateral processes, with spinous scales and points.
Snout projecting beyond the preiui? sillaries for f its length. Eye small,
less than snout, very slightly cxu';eding interorbital space; mouth small,
wholly inferior, maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of
pupil. Premaxillary teeth in 2 series, the outer similar to those in mandi-
ble, not enlarged or canine-like, the inner series smaller, directed obliquely
backward; a single series of teeth in mandible, not widening into a patch
at symphysis. Barbel thick at base, f length of snout. Preopprcle
incurved above the angle, the lower limb expanded, the marginal region
striate. First dorsal inserted behind axil of pectoral (second spine broken
in both specimens examined), the basal portion smooth, a single sharp

M

""^nirr"

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America. 2571

barb sbowiug tbnt the Hpine ia serrate; base of tirat dorsal equals lengtli
of Buout; intitrspaco between dorsiils exceeding length of firat dorsal base
by i to if length of latter. Vent imniediut*>ly in advance of origin of anal,
under middle «)f interspace between doraals; dorsal low and inconspicnous
and the anal higher, as nsaal in this group; pt^ctoralH v«-ry Hlender, l-)Hj in
length of head; outer ventral ray fUauientouH, reaching third or fourth
anal ray. Scales mostly lost, the few remaining on head either entirely
smooth «>r bearing a single median keel with 1 or 2 low spinous itoints ; those
on body without spines, either entirely smooth or showing traces of a low
median keel; 6 scales in an obliciue series between lateral line and middle
of base of dorsal. Color dar'' brown, the anterior portion of back &nd
sides with small scattered black spots ; opercles, lower side of head includ-
ing gill membranes and ^-entral area black, as are also the mouth and gill
cavity acd the peritoneum. A species with the general appearance, includ-
ing the protruding snout, the inferior mouth and comparatively weak den-
tition of Nvmatonnv\i» armatua and K. affinis, but with the dorsals less widely
separated, the vent anterior in position, and the scales unarmed, as in
Moselei/a longifilia. (Gilbert.) Coast of British Columbia. Two specimens,
the longest 150 mm., from Station 3342, off Queen Charlotte Islands, depth
1,588 fathoms. (xvkXo?, circle; Xertii, scale.)

yematonnnit eyeloUpis, Gilbert, Kept. U. S. Fish Coinin. 1893 (1896), 458, off Queen
Charlotte Islands, at Albatross Station 334a, in 1,588 fk.>thom8.

ry 2f .

Id lat-

liedian
brane

ioints.
imall,
imall,
[in of
liandi-
Iquely
[patch
)e rcle
|regiou
roken
laharp

xooo. NEMATONURUS, GUnther.

Ifematonurut, OUnther, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, xxii, 124, 150, 1887
(armattu).

Body rather robust, covered with rough, strongly-ridged scales. Head
short; mouth small or moderate, more or less inferior; teeth in upper
jaw rather strong, in 1 series or nearly so; lower teeth uniserial; mucous
cavities small; pectoral tin inserted low, below upper angle of gill cleft;
ventrals well developed, the outer ray tilamentous; long ray of dorsal
serrated; space between dorsals long, much greater than length of first
dorsal. Deep seas. A well-marked genus, distinguished by its rough, firm
acalea and the wide space between dorsals, (vrfjiia, thread; ovpd, tail.)

a. Depth 6} in length ; scales without distinct median keel. qoodei, 2040.

aa. Depth 5} in length; scales with the raeilian keel prominent; suborbital narrow,

with well-marked mucous partitions. suborbitaus, 2947.

2946. NEMATONURUS OOODEI* (Giinther).

Head 5f; depth 6^; eye 5 in head; snout 4^; interorbital width 4^;
postorbital part of head 8^; first dorsal II, 8 or 9; second dorsal 105; A.
110; P. 20; V. 10; scales 7-150-18, small, strong, free portions covered by
series of small vitreous spines arranged in about 6 rows; no specialization
of the central row, though the median spine at margin of scale projects

* By some inadvertence this species is recorded by Goode & Bean as a Hymenoeephalut
(Oceanic Ichth., 407). On p. 408 it is said to be a Nematonurut, It has obviously nc
affinity with Hymenocephalxu, and is, in fact, an ally of Jfematonunu armatua.

ip

.:■.. '-ii

I

m-

■

!•

M I

m

i-:l

m^

2672 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

most strongly and va longest. Width of interorbital area a little greater
than horizontal diameter of orbit and length of operculum ; snout trian-
gular, depressed, its tip in axis of body nearly on a level with lower mar-
gin of eye, its lower surface forming an angle with the body axis, about
equal to that formed with same by its upper profile; superior ridge pro-
nounced anteriorly, but ending in advance of concavity in interorbital
space; lateral ridges prominent, continuing posteriorly to eye, with
strong angular projections in front of nostrils; uo ridges continued from
supraorbital region ; nostrils rather close to eye; barbel shorter than eye;
tip of lower jaw und«^r anterior nostril ; cleft of mouth under posterior
margin of orbit; under surface of head naked, with the exception of a
few minute, spiny tubercles on under surface of mandible; suborbital
ridge very slightly developed; the intermaxillary a long bono, nearly as
long as the maxillary; month large; teeth on intermaxillary in a double
series, tho»e of the outer series much larger than the inner ; teeth in man-
dible uniserial. Dorsal spine strongly serrated; distance of first dorsal
froiii snout equal to nearly 4 times length of its base, its distance from
anterior margin of orbit equal to length of head; first spine minute,
second strongly serrated, nearly \ length of hi ad, when laid down is far
from reaching origin of second dorsal ; when the fin is erect its superior
margin is nearly at right angles to plane of back and slightly convex ;
distance between dorsals twice length of base of first, the second begin-
ning in the perpendicular from fifth ray of anal; anal about 3 times as
high as second dorsal ; vent under thirtieth scale of lateral line directly
in advance of the anal and at a distance from ventral considerably greater
than length of that fin; distance of pectoral from snout slightly more
than length of head, its length less than that of dorsal spine, slightly
more than \ its distance from the snout, its insertion (upper axil) in mid-
dle line of body ; insertion of ventral under that of pectoral, slightly in
"dvance of that of dorsal, its first ray not greatly prolonged, about \
length of distance of fin from snout ; branch iostegal membrane narrowly
attached to the isthmus, leaving no free margin behind; gill rakers very
small tubercles, only 10 below angle on first arch. Color dark reddish
brown, spines upon the scales with a metallic luster ; young with 3 stel-
late bosses upon snoat, 1 at tip, 1 at some distance upon each side. Length
of specimen described 322 millimeters. (Goode «& Hean.) Gulf Stream,
from Cape Cod to Havana; generally abundiint. (Named for George
Brown Goode.)

MacrvLTUt tuper, Goode & Bban, Bull. Mas. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 196, 1883, Gulf Stream
south of New England, Lat. 41° 34' 35" N., Long. 65° 33' 30" W., in 1,34a fathoms;
name preoccupiiMl by Macrurus €up<ir, OUnthbb; Jobuan, C(it., 131, 1886.

Maerurus goodei, QUnthkr, Ckalleuger Report, xxii, 136, 1887; substituto tor Maerurus
asper.

Hymenocephala* goodei, Goode & BEA.f, Oceanic Ichthyology, 407, fig. 340, 1896.

8947.. NEMAT0NURU8 SUBORBITALIS (Gill & Townsend).

Head 5jt; depth 5^; eye £ in head; snout 4f; maxillary 2f. D. 12-85;
A. 102; P. 19; V. II. Mouth wholly inf«>rior; scales closely adherent and
rather large, mostly short and roundish, with considerable exposed sur-

Jordan and Evermann, — FisJies of North America, 2573

faces, having radiating ridges beset with weak spines; hoad » little more
than \ of the entire length ; snout projecting bnt little ; median and lat-
eral tubercles faintly developed; infraorbital narrow, divided into 2 well
marked areas, an uppeY wi Iw, distinguised by the glassy tubercular scales,
and the narrow lower, a!.niost skinny and scaleless ; the ridge independ-
ently, is little marked; teeth biserial in the upper jaw, robust in the
outer row, very weak in the inner; uniserial in lower jaw and scarcely
incurved ; dorsal spine strongly serrate, \\ iu head ; pectoral \\ in head ;
ventrals If in head, wii;h short filaments, reaching vent; interspace
between dorsals \ greater than base of first. Bering Sea. Only the type,
20 inches long, known, the above description taken from it by us. {suhor-
bitalis, pertaining to the region below the eye.)

Macrurut (Nematonurus) tuborbitalis, Gu.L & Townsend, Proo. Biol. Soc. Wawh., xi, 1897
(Sept. 17, 1897), 234, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, Albatross Station
3603, in 1,771 fathoms. (Type, No. 48773, U. S. Nat. Mns. Coll. Albatross.)

V)

looi. ALBATROSSIA, Jordan & Evermann, new genus.

Albatrosaia, Jokdan & Ev^JiANN, new genns (peetoralis).

This genus has t.ie form and appearance of Chalinura, with the dentition
of Nematonurus, and the dorsal spines of Malacocephalus and Oplonurtta;
teeth in the upper jaw strong, in an irregular double series, the outer
enlarged; the inner series growing double with age; lower teeth uniserial
or nearly so; scales siuall, rather iirui, rough; dorsal spine weak, smooth or
verysiightly serrate; dorsal lins close together; ventrals well develo]ied;
pectorals moderate. Size large. (Named for the good ship Albatroaa, in
remembrance of her splendid contributions to our knowledge of the life of
the deep se.as. )

2048. ALBATBOSSIA PROTOBALIS (Gilbert).

Heud 6 in total; depth If in head; eye 4^ to .5 in head, li iu snout.
D. X-128; A. l'?l; V. 7; P. 17; mouth wide, lateral, the short snout pro-
jecting boyond premaxillaries for a distance about equaling ^ diameter of
orbit; suborbital ridge and lateral ridge on snout inconspicuous; a strong
median ridge on snout and a pair of parallel ri'lges forwaid from above
nostrils; maxillary reaching well behind vertical from posterior margin
of orbit, 2i in head; teeth in 2 somewhat irregular series in front of pre-
maxillaries, the outer series enlarged, the inner directed obliquely inward,
the two series merging into one laterally; mandible with a single row,
similar to inner series of upper jaw ; barbel short, 3 to f diameter of orbit;
angle of preopercle bluntly rounded, not produced ; outer gill arch adnate,
as usual in Macronrus, 7 short tubercular gill rakers present on its free
portion; first dorsal spine slender and weak, with 1 or 2 small retrorse
prickles near its middle; distance between dorsals eiiual to \ base of first;
vent immediately in front of anal origin, its tlistanee from base of ventrals
slightly more than J head ; pectorals long and narrow, re..v.Ll>g vertical
from ninth or tenth ray of second dorsal, more than h length of head;
outer ventral ray prodnced into a long slender filament, reaching ^ the

m '

il i

Wt i

i:

1 !

1 I

-i

I u

-1

' lil'

^1'

2574 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

diHtance from its base to front of anal; scales rather small, 10 or 11 in a
series between lateral line and origin of second dorsal or middle of first
dorsal; scales on sides very thin and flexible, readily deciduous, each
furnished with low diverging ridges, usually 3 Mi'number, bearing few
minute spinulea, and projecting but little beyond the margins of the
scales; entire bead, including snout and mandibles, invested with much
smaller scales irregularly imbricated, those on the opercles marked simi-
larly to those on sides, the others usually each with a single median ridge
terminating in a spiuous point ; no naked spots or pits on head or between
ventral fins; a small narrow area behind and below axil of i)ectorals.
Color light grayish, darker on belly and head ; mouth, gill cavity, and
peritoneum black ; lateral line black ; dorsals and veutrals dusky ; anal
lighter, edged with blackish; pectorals black. Bering Sea to Oregon.
Specimens have been taken at Albatross Stations 3071, 3074, and 3075, in
depths of 685 to 877 fathoms, oiT the coast of Oregon, and from near Bogos-
lof IslantI in Bering Sea in 664 fathoms. It is a large, firm-ileshed species,
easily recognized, {pectoralis, pertaining to the pectoral.)

Macrurux {Malacoeephalu$) pectnralis, Gilbert, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 563, off the

coast of Oregon. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert. )
Maerurus (Kematonurus) magnus,* Gill & Townsbnd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897

(Sept. 17, 1897), 234, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands. (Types, Nu. 48770 and

48"71, IT. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Alhatrou.)
Albatrossia pectoralis, Jobdan & Gilbert, Report Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

I002. BOGOSLOVIUS, Jordan & Evermaiui, new genus.

Bogotloviiit, Jordan & Evermann, new genus (clarki).

This genus is close to Chalinura, from which it is distinguished by its
dentition, having the teeth in the upper jaw in 2 series, the outer slender
and sharp, slightly arrow-shaped; those of the inner small, close set,
replacing the villiform band of Chalinura. Scales i^xcesbively rough ; ven-
tral filamei:t produced; dorsal spine filamentous, sharply serrate ; dorsal
fins close together ; pectorals inserted below upper angle of gill opening.
Deep seas. (Named for the volcanic island, St. .John Bogoslof, in Bering
Sea, near which the typical species was dredged.)

a. Ventruls much longer than head, reaching far beyond front of anal. clarki, 2949.
CM. Yeutrali) shorter than head, scarcely reaching front of anal. firhi8qitami&, 2950.

* We have examined the type and cotypes of Maerurus (Nematonurus) magnuH, Gill &
Townnend. and tlnd thttui to agree fully witli Alhatro»*ia pectoralu ((liil>ert). The type
may Vm redeH(^ribed as follows : Head 5^ ; de|>tli 7J ; eye 4;; in head ; snout 41 to 4} ; maxillary
2j|; pectoral 2 in heiul; ventral with short tllainent, 2^ in ht^ad. Mouth largo, with lat-
eral deft. Dorsals well st^parated, the interHitai-e not i base of first dorsal; long dorsal
spine smooth, or with 1 ur 2 roughnesses near its tip, its length 3J in head ; second dorsal
low; pectoral inserted low, below angle of ojiercle. Scales moderately large, readily
deciduous, decidedly oblong or long, with a small exposed surface whic'li is beset with
about 5 radiating ridges with couHpicuous spiniKerous ridges on dorHal surface, but not
armed at tip: head regularly conu;nl; snout rather long, projecting ^ its length beyond
mandible; tubercles feebly develo]>ed, plain, and ciintinuouH ironi 3 parallel ringes; infra-
orbital fiat, with the crest rathtrnearerthe orbit than its lower nmrgin ; its entire surface
scaly; teeth in theupiicrjawbiscrialor triserialin front, tlieouter series strongly hooked,
the inner •cries conHiilernbly smaller and well He))araled from the outer series ; an irregular
series between in the type spiicimen ; teeth in lower Jaw uniserial or irregularly biserial.
Three specimona, the largest (type of Jf. magnus) 43 iuchos long.

-fWii^'^y

Jordan and Evetmami. — Fishes of North America. 2575

2940. BOGOSLOVIIJS CLABKI, Jordan Si. Gilbert.

Eye4| in head; maxillary 2^. D.II, 12- ; P. 19; V. 10. Snout short,
slightly exceeding diameter of eye, Z^^ in head; median and nasal ridges
very little projecting anteriorly, without radiating spines; tip of snout
very little projecting beyond the mouth, for a distance not exceeding \
the intt^rnpace between ends of median and nasal ridges. Suborbital ridge
inconspicuous, scarcely extending beyond the eye ; mucous pores on head
prominent. Mouth largo, obli«ine, the lower jaw included, the maxillary
nearly reaching vertical from posterior edge of orbit. Outer i>remaxillary
teeth slender, sharp, unequal, rather distant, not very strong, slightly
widened and arrow-shaped near tip, becoming very small toward angle of
mouth ; within this, and well separated from it, a close-set series of short
teeth directed inward. Mandibular teeth slender, unequal, in a single
series corresponding to outer series in upper jaw, slightly widening at
symphysis, which is uotT"ominent. Barbel very short, less than \ diam-
eter of pupil. Eye of moderate size, equaling distance from tip of snout
io middle of anterior nostril, \^ in interorbital width. Preopercle
broadly rounded, the angle little produced backward, leaving a strip of
interopercle exposed along its entire length. Gill membranes joined to
the isthmus, with a narrow free edge. Gill rakers very short and thick,
3 -|- 12 in number, including rudiments. Dorsal beginning above base of
pectorals, the second spine long, lilamentous at tip, 1| in head, its anterior
margin sharply serrate, except in ba«al third ; hase of first dorsal 2^ in
head ; interspace between dorsals A''ery short, usually less than diameter of
pupil. Pectorals very long and slender, equaling or exceeding length of
head behind snout; insertion of pectorals below upper angle of gill open-
ing. Outer ventral ray excessively produced, twice or more than twice
length of head in uninjured adults, reaching base of fiftieth anal ray or
beyond. Vent immediately before anal origin. Scales in a strip along
the back firm and very rough, none others preserved in our specimens;
scales with 3 to 5 sharp, radiating ridges, each ridge with several shiirply
projecting spines, the posterior of which project beyond the margm of
the scale. Color very light gray, the vertical fins blackish posteriorly;
month and gill cavity and peritoneum jet-black. Bering Sea. Known
from 4 specimens, 24 to 41 cm. long, from Albatross Station 3634, off
Bogoslof Island, in 664 fathoms. (Named for George Archibald Clark,
secretary of the Fur Seal Commission for 1896 and 1897, in recognition of
his researches on the mammalia of Bering Sea.)

Dogotloviu» clarki, Jokdan & Gilbert, Report Fur Seal Invest., 1898, Bering Sea off
BogOBicf Island, in 664 fathoms.

2960. BOOOMLOYIUS FIRMI8()UAMI8 (Gill & Townsvud).

Head 5 »:i total ; depth 6^ ; eye 4f^ in head ; snout 3)1 ; s«^cond dorsal spine
lH"Ii«^a<l; pectoral 2; ventral li; maxillary 2^. D II, 10-126; A. 105;
P. 20; V. 8. Scales firmly affixed, oblong or rather short, and with con-
siderable exposed surfaces, which have subequal radiating ridges beset
Avith numerous acute spinelets, the ridges varying from 3 to 8 in number;
head regularly convex in profile : rostral tubercles obsolete and infraor-

%,\'i

^

K

V

W

2576 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

bital ridge rounded; barbel greater than pnpil; teeth biHerial or partly
triserial above; second dorsal spine with short retrorse some, the lower
fifth smooth; base of first dorsal Skinhead; interspace between dorsal
fins \ base of first dorsal, greater than diameter of pupil. This species is
distinguishable from most American Macrouri by the very firm scales,
and from B. clarki by the much shorter ventral. Bering Sea Only the
type, 31 inches long, known, {firmus, firm; sqtiama, scale.)

Maerwnit Jirmisquamis, Gii.L «Sf. Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897 (Gi pt. 17, 1897)^
2:i4, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands. (Type, No. 18772, U. 3. Nat. Mus.
Coll. Albatrosa.)

1003. CHALINURA, Goode & Bean.

Chalinura, 6000B & Bean, Bull. Mus. Coinp. Zool., x, No. 5, 198, 1883 (Htnula).
Chalinunu* GUntbeb, Challenger Report, xxii, 124, 144, 1887; change in spelling.

Scales cycloid, fluted longitudinally, with slightly radiating striie.
Snout long, broad, truncate, not much produced. Mouth lateral, subter-
minal, very large. Head without prominent ridges, except the subocular
ones and those upon the snout. Suborbital ridge not reaching angle of
preopercle. Teeth in the upper jaw in a villiforni band, with an outer series
much enlarged, those of the lower jaw uniserial, large. No teeth on vomer
or palatines; small pt^eudobranchiie present. Gill rakers spiny, strong,
depressible, in doublp series on anterior arch. Ventrals below the pecto-
rals; chin with a barbel. Dorsal spine serrate; soft dorsal much lower
than anal. Deep sea fishes. Species numerous. This genus is allied to
Macrourus, differing in the dentition ; the genus Optonurua, with dorsal spine
unarmed, is very close to Chalinura. (xaXtvoi;, a strap or thong; ovpd,
tail.) .

a. Snout long, longer than f,ve, which ia 5 in head; pectoral Ijl in head; dorttal spine 1^

in heati; scales 130. bebhula, 2051.

aa. Snout ni<Hlerate, about as long an eye, -which is 4 in head; dorsal, pectoral, and

ventral produced, the pect(>ral 1^ in head, the dorsal spine and ventral filament

each about as long as head. fu.ifbra, 2052.

aaa. Snout very short, a.s long as eye, which is 5 in head; ventrals very long.

SIMULA, 2953.

8951. CHALINUBA SERRVLA, Bean.

Head 5^ in total length. D.II,9-7« (?); scales 7 or 8t^130-17; Br. 6.
Cheeks and opercles scaly ; snout with a median serrated keel on the nose ;
diameter of eye less than length of snout, 5 in head; maxillary reaching
vertical from posterior margin of eye, its length 2^^ in head ; mandible
about 2 in head, a row of 5 pores on its under surface and 6 pores on the
edge of the suborbitals ; branchiostegal membrane narrowly free from the
isthmus, the first gill opening restricted as in Macronrua; gill rakers small
tubercles, 11 below the angle of the first arch, and only 1 or 2 above
the angle ; length of pectoral eciuals postorbital part of head ; ventrals

ll;! !

* Goode St. Bean rightlj protest against the -wanton "action of the Englihih ichtbyol-
ogista in changing the torni of the generic name" Chalinura. Ohalinura is perfectly
cofect, and should be used oven if it were not so, as it is the original form, the only
ruason for changing it being that other generic names in the group end In urut.

B

> I

►vo
als

,ol.
tly
nly

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2577

aboat as long as head ; longest dorsal spine strongly serrated and nearly
equaling length of head without snout ; dorsals separated by an inter-
space J as long as head. Color brown; head, abdomen, and inside of
mouth purple, the purple areas less marked in the type specimen, which
is 12| inches long. Coast of British Columbia, east of Prince of Wales
Island, in 1,569 fathoms, {aerridai a iine saw.)

Ohalinura serrula. Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mub. 1890, 37, east of Prince of Wales Island, in
1,569 fathoms. (Coll. Albatrosi.)

2952. <^IIALIN1IR4 FILIFERA, Gillx^rt.

D. 11,12 to 14; P. 20 to 22; V. 9 or 10; eye 4 in head. Snout short,
slightly exceeding diameter of eye, 3 1^0 in head, median ridge and nasal
ridges terminating each in a much projecting point, furnishing each with
a short rosetce of radiating spines and ridges, outline between these points
joncave; tip of snout projecting beyond premaxillaries for a distance
equaling that which separates the central rosette from 1 of the lateral
ones; infraorbital ridges inconspicuous, not reaching angle of preopercle
behind or bony portion in front. Mouth large, slightly oblique, with
extensive lateral cleft, the maxillary reaching vertical from posterior mar-
gin of pupil, 2'i in head, equaling distance from tip of snout to middle of
eye. Outer series of teeth in preniaxillary strong, succeeding from a nar-
row band of smaller cardiform teeth ; mandibular teeth similar to inner
band of upper jaw, the band becoming slightly wider at the prominent
symphysis. Barbel short, ^ to | length of snout. P]ye large, the diann^ter
of orbit slightly less than int<!rorbital width on snout. Angle of preo-
percle produced backward, concealing all but the extreme posterior angle
of interopercle, Ihe margin appearing serrulate when divested of skin;
gill membranes joined to isthmus, with a posterior free margin ; gill rakers
very short and heav;y, 1 -f- 11. Dorsal beginning vertically above base of
pectorals, the second spine extremely long and slender, smooth basally,
the terminal half rather strongly toothed, becoming very slender toward
tip and terminating in a long membranaceous filament. (In 1 specimen it
exceeds length of head, in the others it e(]ualB ^ that length.) Length of
base of first dorsal equaling ^ length of head; interspace between dorsals
short, i^ to f length of snout. Pectorals very long and slender, e(|[ualing
the head without the snout; outer ventral r.ays very long and filamentous,
e(|ualing length of head; vent immediately in advance of anal origin.
Scales ratlna* thin, those on back and sides with above 5 diverging ridges,
each of which bears a> number of short rigid spinules directed very
obliqui'ly backward, the posterior projecting but little bey«)nd the mar-
gin of the 8«'ale ; 8 or 9 scales in an oblique series between the middle of
first dorsal and the lateral line. Dark brown ; the fins, gill membranes,
lips, nostrils, and underside of snout black ; anterior part of mouth and
lining of gill cavity purple ; peritoneum blackish brown. Relatbd to C.
stirrula, Bean, from the same region and depth, difiering in the larger eye,
shorter mental barbel, longer snout, longer pectoral fins, shorter intt^r-
space between dorsals and the longer dorsal fin. Coast of British Colum-

ns :i

i '.i

r •

1

1^: Sg,

1
. 1

1 '''

1;' ;Hpi

1 :'

'I^^Bi

P'

|; ,

P'j '^I^B

i.

;-! :

I

(;,

2578 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

. . /

(Gilbert.) • (Jilum,

hia; known from 3 Bpecinicna, 520 to 550 mm. long,
thread; fero, I bear.)

Chalinura filifera, Gilrbrt, Kept. U.S. Fish Comin. 1893 (1896), 458, off Queen Charlotte
Islands, at Albatross Station 334a, in 1,588 fathoms.

2058. CHALINURA SIMULA, Goode &. Bean.

Head 5; depth 6; orb'it 6 in head; snout .3; iuterorbital width greater
than eye ; postorbital part of head 3 times as long as eye ; opercle 2 in
upper jaw.. D. 11,9-113; A. 118; P.20; V.9; Br.6; scales 8-150-17 to 19.
Body shaped much as in C'or^yphwnoidas, but rather stout; back more gib-
bous in proHle, the dorsal outline rising quite rapidly from the interor-
bital region to origiu of first dorsal, thence descending almost in a straight
line to end of tail. Preopercle emarginate on its posterior limb. Snout
broad, obtuse, scarcely projecting beyond the mouth, its width nearly
as great at tip as its own length ; median ridge very prominent, gibbous
in outline when viewed laterally ; lateral ridges starting almost at right
angles with the median, and continued upon sides of head; no supraor-
bital ridges. Nostrils in front of middle of eye, and nearer its anterior
margin than to tip of snout; barbel longer than eye; teeth in upper jaw
in a broad villiform band, the outer series very much enlarged; lower jaw
with teeth in a single series. Scales rather small, but with indications,
particularly on the head, of radiating strise. Origin of first dorsal from
snout ii in its base, or from anterior margin of orbit 1 in head ; first dor-
sal spine very short, second rather stout, 1^ in head, and with a simple
serration anteriorly, the serrte closely appressed to the spine ; second dor-
sal separated from the first by a distance equal to length of upper jaw;
anal high, its average rays about 3 times as long as those of dorsal, in-
serted slightly behind perpendicular from last ray of first dorsal ; pecto-
ral inserted over base of ventral; origin of ventral from snout less than
its longest ray, which is i)roduced in a filament extending to base of eight-
eenth anal ray. (Goode «& Bean.) West Indies and Gulf Stream, in deep
water, (aimuliis, pug-nosed.)

Chalinura Simula, Goode & Bban, Bnll. Mas. Comp. Zool., x. No. 5, 199, 1883, Oulf Stream,
at Blake Station 308, Lat. 41° 35' 45" N., Long. 65° 35' 30" W., in 1,34a fathoms ; Jor-
dan, Cat., 132, 1885; GooDE &. Bban, Oceanic Ichthyology, 412, fig. 345, 1896.

Maeruru* timulut, GUnthbr, Challenger Report, xxu, 148, 1887.

1004. CORYPH^NOIDES, Gunner.

I

i

Ooryphamoidet, Gunner, Trondhj. Selsk. Skrift., ni, 50, 1765 (rupettria).

Branchiostegut, Rafinesqub, AnalyHe de la Nature 1810, 86 (substitute for Ooryphtenoides) .

Snout short, obtuse, high, obliquely truncated, soft to the touch, except
its bony center; mouth broad, terminal, its cleft lateral; head without
prominent ridges, the membrane bones of the side of the head soft and
papery ; teeth villiform in both jaws, those in the outer series of upper
jaws somewhat enlarged. Si^ales spinous, second or elongate dorsal ray
finely serrated in front. Lower jaw with a barbel at tip. Deep Sea.

i

i
1 ,t '^ ' '

li

11

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2579

Vaidti).

|xcept

thout

and

ipper

I ray

Sea.

Close to Macrourua, ditTering in the larger torminal nioutli.
Coryphama; c/So?, resemblance.)

a. Head 4 in length ; gill rakers 4+15=10.
aa. Head 0 in length ; gill rakers 3+11=14.

2054. COBVPH.EXOIDES RUPKSTKIS, Gunner.

{Hopixhaiva,

RfPESTKIS, 2054.
CARAPI.NUS, 2!)55.

D. 10; p. 19; V. 7; gill rakers 4+15=19. Head abort, ratbor com-
pressed; snout short, obliquely truncated in front; cleft of mouth wide,
lateral, extending to beyond the center of eye; intermaxillary not m»'ch
shorter than maxillary. Teeth in villi form bands in each jaw; barbol
very small. Interorbital space convex, its width being considerably more
than diameter of eye, which, in a specimen 3 feet long, is equal to the
length of the snout and J of that of the head. Scales equally rough over
the whole of their surface, all the spinelets being directed backward ; 7 or
8 scales in a transverse series between the dorsal fin and the lateral line;
head entirely covered with small scales. Anterior dorsal spine armed with
numerous small closely set barbs ; outer ventral ray produced into a long
filament. Distance between the vent and isthmus fthe length of the head.
The gill membrane entirely free from the isthmus behind. Intermaxillary
continues beyond its vertical process and extending almost as far back
as the maxillary, these 2 bones being about equal in length ; last third
of intermaxillary toothless ; intermaxillary teeth in a very narrow band,
which is uniform in width, the outer teeth only slightly enlarged; man-
dible with villiform teeth in a broad bunch-like band at the symphysis
and becoming uniserial behind. Eye nearly circular. Snout projecting
slightly. Gill rakers longer and less tubercular in character than in
Macrourua berglax and M. acrolepia. The suborbital ridge feebly developed
and very abruptly curved upward and narrowed in front of the eye where
it joins the nasal ridge. In M. berglax and M. acrolepia V -^ suborbital ridge
is very strong and is continued almost in a straight lino toward the nasal
ridge. (Goodo & Bean.) Arctic seas and the north Atlantic, on both
coasts south to the banks of Newfoundland and Norway, in deep water.
(Eu.) (rupcsi*-**, living about rocks. )

Ooryphcmoides rupettrii, Gcnneb, Trondlvjem Sclsk. Skrift., iii, 50, pi. 3, fig. 1, 17«5,
Norway; Collett, Norges Fiske, 131; Johdan & Gilbeut, Synopsis, 812, 1883;
GooDE & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 402, 1896.-

Lepidoleprus norvegietis, Nilsson, Pro<lr. Ichth. Scand., 51, 1832, Morway.

Gorypheenoidet norvegicus, GCnther, Cat., iv, 396, 1862.

Maerourus atromii, Reinhardt, Dansk. Yidensk. Atliandl., vii, 129, 1828: GaimaUi),
Voy. Skand., Poiss., pi. 11.

Macrurtta rupeatrit, GOnther, Challenger Report, xxii, 138, 1887.

2055. (;UUYPH.¥:N01DE8 CARAPINUS. Goodo & Rean.

Head 6. D. 11,8-100; A. 117; V. 10; ryo 4 in head. Snout acute, pro-
jecting beyond the inouth, its tip at a distance from the mouth equal to or
greater than diameter of eye. Bonos of head very soft and flexible, its
surface very irregular, there being a very prominent subocular ridge, a
prominent ridge extending from tip of snout to middle of i.'iteroi-bital
space, and a curved ridge extending from upper anterior margin of orbit

„ I

ri r-

f .-^wT . S^^J;^ JiirtL'ii*--. ,■,■ ;^r ;

2580 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

over cavity containing noatrilH to a prominent point at Hide of and sliglitly
posterior to tip of snout; barbel f as long as eye. Interorbital space
almost twice diameter of eye, equal to length of upper jaw ; preoperculum
crenulate; upper jaw extending to vertical throagli posterior margin of
pupil, its length equaling i that of head without snout; niandibh>.
extending behind vertical through posterior margin of orbit, its hmgth 3
times in distance from tip of snout to origin of first dorsal. Teeth in vil-
liform bands on intermaxillary and mandible, the mandibulary sericH
uniserial in about the second half of its length. First ray of dorsal very
short, second compressed anteriorly and serrated, with slender teeth
closely appressed and beat upward, ita length equaling length of head
and greater than height of body ; this fin seated upon a hump-like eleva-
tion of the back, its base as long as snout; second dorsal beginning over
tenth or twelfth anal ray, and at a distance from end of first dorsal equal
to length of head without snout ; vent located not far behind vertical from
end of first dorsal. Scales 22 to 24 in a transverse series (the position of
the lateral line can not be determined, but there appear to be 4 above it) ;
scales oval, membranaceous, showing several parallel ridges composed of
small spines. Gill membrane very deeply cleft and attached to the
isthmus; gill rakers short and stout, about 11 below the angle on the first
arch. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, in deep water, (carapinus, formed
as in Carapua.)

Ooryphcsnoidet earapinus, Goode & Bean, Bnll. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 1U5, 1883,
Gulf Stream, Lat. 41=^ 24' 45" N., Long. 65° 35' 30" W., in 1,349 fathoms (Type in M.
C. Z. Coll. Blake); GUnthkr, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, xxii, 139, 1887;
Goode Ai Bean, Oceaiiio Ichthyology, 404, flg. 339, 1896.

B

m. ■

.'■'I-

If

m

1005. HYMENOCEPHALUS, Giglioli.

Hymenoeephalua, Giglioli, Pelagos, Genoa, 228, 1884 (italieus).

Myitaconurus, Gt)NTHER, Challenger Keport, Deep-Sea Fishes, xxii, 124, 1887 (italieus).

This genus is closely sillied to Coryphoinoides, differing in the smooth
dorsal spine, and the membranaceous skull. First dorsal broad, placed
far forward over base of pectoral; second dorsal and anal origins nearly
opposite, and separated by a considerable space from the vertical from the
end of first dorsal; vent far from ventrals. Head large, naked, soft, and
cavernous ; snout abrupt, perpendicular, or parabolic ; mouth lateral, wide.
Eye very large, orbital margin forming part of profile of head. Barbel
long. Pectoral rather narrow (10 to 16 rays). Scales thin, deciduous,
with fine short spines. Under pairts in advance of ventral wholly or
partly naked. Deep seas. Remarkable for the papery structure of the
bones of the head. (v/<7;»', membrane; kc^otA^, head.)

2066. HYMENOCEPHALUS CATEBKOSUS (Goode & Bean).

Head about 6 in total length; depth 7. D. II, 10-133; A. 27 rays, in a
Bpaoe equal to length of head. Body stoutish, th«« bones of head very
soft and cavernous, spongy, in many places without muscular covering;
interorbital area doubly concave, with a spinous medial ridge, its greatest

-.;. Ill

Jordan and Evertnann. — Fishes of North America. 2581

width ai/Oiit 2i{ in length of head; postorbital portion of head about | its
length, 1^ as l<mg as eye. which in circular, its diameter contained 2if times
in length of head. Snout broad, very obtuse, its width at nostril nearly
eciual to interorbital width, its length 4f times in that of the head ; nostrils
normal. Teeth in each jaw in villiform bantls, very small ; a naked space
at the symphysis of intermaxillaries ; vomer and palatine toothless. Gill-
rakers very short, minute, and rather numerous, about 18 below angle of
anterior;" h. Psendobranchiie absent. Barbel jf as long as eye. First
dorsal con osed of 2 spines, the tirst minute, inserted at a distance from
the snout equal to length of head, the second as long as head without snout,
and 10 branched rays, its base e(iual to diameter of eye ; second dorsal
almost rudimentary, its rays remarkably short, about 133 in number, its
distance from first dorsal \ length of head ; anal mu(^li higher than second
dorsal, its distance from snout contained.about 'i\ times in totallengtli ;
anterior anal rays longest, in length about f tliametur of eye; pector<al
inserted under first branched ray of first dorsal, its length ec^ual to twice
that of eye and about \ that of head. Scales (on type) mostly wanting,
except a few on breast and nape, these being rough with small points,
dentate behind. Ventral slightly behind the pectoral, its first ray fila-
mentous, reaching to the base of the tenth anal ray, (umsisting of 11 rays.
Color gray, with silvery tints on sides; abdomen and lips dark. (Ooode
& Bean.) Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. One young individual known.
Length 162 mm. (cavvrnomts, cavernous.)

BathygaduH eavemomt, Goodb Sl Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1885, 598, Gulf of Mexico,
at Albatross Station 3398, Lat. a8° 45' N , Long. 86° a6' W., in 337 fathoms (Typo,
No. 37337. Coll. AlbatroHS) -, GUnthkr, Challenger Report, xxn, 156, 1887.

Hymenoeephalus cavernotvn, Goodb & Uean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 408, fig. 341, 1896.

'S^vIbipss

il

1006. MACROURUS, Bloch.

Maerourus, Bloch, Ichth., v, 152, 1787 {nipestris — berglax).

Macruroplus, Blbekek, Versl. Med. Akad. Welenth. Ani8terd.,vni, 1874,369 (serratuu).

M<usrunu, GUnthbr, Cat., iv, 392, 1862; corrected spelling.

• Snout broadly conical, high, projecting beyond mouth ; mouth moderate,
its cleft horizontal, U-shaped, entirely inferior; teeth in both jaws in villi-
form bands, those of the outer series not enlarged ; head with roughened
bony ridges, one of which, on the suborbital and preorbital, simulutes the
suborbital stay of the Cottoids; eyes very large; scah'S imbricate, very
rough, keeled. Dorsal spine long, serrated on the anterior edge. Deep
water fishes, {juaxpos, long; ovpd, tail, hence correctly written Macrurus,
but Ma<rrourus is the original name as given by Bloch.)

a. Top of head with 4 to 6 distinct ridges ; depth 6 to 7 iu length ; 5 scales between lat-
eral line and dorsal.
h. Anal rays 148; scales each with a strong ridge. rerolax, 2957.

bb. Anal rays 121 ; scales each with 3 to 5 Hpinules, otherwiHe almost luinniicd ;
ridges c top of head very rough. holotrachys, 2958.

aa. Top of snout with indistinct ridges or with none.
e. Pectoral fin moderate, 1} to 2 in head.

((. Body rather elongate, the depth 7 to 8 in length; bones of head rather
Arm ; dorsal spine strongly serrated.

•it

Bk:

1

m

1

m

itai

m

P

"

Pi|

i t

m

2582 Bulletin 4.J, United States National Museum.

e. Ueud Hliurt, 6J iu bead; iiectoral iiioru than i head; 8noat with bony
ridgOH above. UAIRDII, 2950.

ee. Iluml OJ iu length; vcutrals S in boily; pectoral 1} iu bead.

LEPTUHU8, 2960.

«(■('. Head longer, 4} in length; pertoral i aH lung an licad; eye as long

at) Huoiit, 4 in head ; ventral 8 iu body. acholisims, 2901 .

dd. Body rather robust, the depth 5) in length ; head without ridges above ;

scales spinous, not ridgetl ; dorsal spine lj| in head.

STELOIDOLBPI8, 2962.

ee. Pectoral tin elongate, about as long as head; head elevated, net ridged above,
the bones soft ; eye large ; second dorsal spine rough, uoarly as long as
head; scales each with 7 to 0 ridges. cinbbbus, 2963.

2067. HACUOUBUS BEBGLAX, Lac^pMe.

D. 12-124; A. 148; P. 18 or 19; V. 8. Short snout, subtrihedral, pointed
iu front, much sliorter than the large eye, which is ^ or ]f length of head
in the adult. Intern»axill)iry very short, ^ length of maxillary, and not
continued beyond its e.xpanded vertical process. Eye «)blong. Whole
under surface of head below suborbital and nasal ridgu naked; axil of
pectoral naked ; space between ventrals scaled ; body scales each with a
single strong median keel, made u]) of 5 to 8 spines directed backward;
some scales, particularly of head, have also 2 lateral keels ; 6 longitudinal
series of scales between iirst dorsal fin and lateral line; first dorsal
spine indistinctly denticulated toward the point; length of pectoral
nearly or quite ^ length of head; longest spine of dorsal very finely ser-
rated along its anterirr margin, the serrations becoming obsolete near its
base. Vent situated behind origin of second dorsal fin. Gill rakers very
small, tubercular, 9 to 11 on the first arch ; gill membranes broadly joined,
free from the isthmus behind. This form, originally discovered on the
coast of Norway, has been found abundantly as far south as Georges Bank,
where the halibut fishermen catch it, or some closely allied form, on their
trawls. The tirst specimen Keen by American naturalists was picked up
floating at the surface off the mouth of New York Harbor. The Albatross
obtained it from Station 2528, in Lat. 41° 47' N., Long. m° 37' 30" W., at a
depth of 677 fathoms. Giinther knew it from Finmark and Greenland, as
well as from New England. He calls attention to remarkable individual

variations in the specimens examined by him.
from berg, cliff; lax, salmon.)

(berglai, Norwegian name,

Maerourus berglax, LACiPtDE, Hist. Nat. Foiss., lu, 170, 1800, Greenland, Sondmore ; Jos-
dan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 131, 1885.

Maeroiirus fabrieii, Sundevall, Vet. Aka<l. Handl. 1810,6; Collktt, Norges Fiske, 128,
1875; LiLUTEBOKQ, Sverig. og. Norges Fiske, 242; Goode & Bean, Cat. Fish. Essex Co.
and Mass. Bay, 7, 1879; GOnther, Challenger Report, xxn, 130, 1887.

Maerourui rupentrU, GCnther, Cat. Pish. Brit. Mus., iv, 390, 1862 (not of Gunner).

Macrurus bergVix, Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 391, fig. 334, 1896.

2958. MACBOUBVS HOLOTBACHTS, Qunther.

Head 4f in length; depth 6i. D. 12-115 to 125; A. 121; P. 20 or 21; V.
5; eye large, round, as long as snout, 2i in head, much wider than inter-
orbital space. Snout triangular, each point with a tubercle, covered with

!; Job-

£6, 128,
bex Co.

II; V.

Inter-

with

Jordan and Evemiann. — Fishes of North America. 2583

strong spines, this bonier coutinued as a strong ridgo bolow eyo, extend-
ing across opercle, this crest covered with coarse, spinous tubercles;
mouth rather small, the maxillary reaching middle of eye; teeth very
small, close set. Head with salient ridges above, covered with spinous
scales; 1 ridge above eye, toward upper angle of gill opening, another
ridge along the vertex, nearly parallel with this above it, besides a short
temporal ridge; vent far back, under seventh ray of secoiul dorsal. First
dorsal not far behind eye, the long ray slightly serrulate; ventrals with a
short filament. Scales each with a median crest of 3 to 5 spinules, other-
wise almost unarmed. Five scales between lateral line and dorsal. (Col-
lett.) Depths of the Atlantic. Known from 2 specimens, the type 9
inches long, from the mouth of Rio de la Plata, in 600 fathoms ; the second,
above described, about a foot long, from the banks of Newfoundland, in
1,267 fathoms. (0A05, wholly; rpa^vj, rough.)

llacnirut holotrnehyi, OUnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ii, 1878, 24 mouth of Rio de la
Plata in 600 fathoms ; GCnthek, Challenger Keport, xxii, pi. 28, flg. B, 1887 ; Coixett,
C'onipagues Scient.de rHirondvlIe, 1804, 83, pi. 2, flg. 6; Goode & Bean, Oceunic Ich-
thyology, 306, 1806.

2960. HAOROIIRUS BAIKDII, Goode & Bean.
(Common Rat-tail.)

Head 6^ in total length ; depth 8; greatest width 13. D. II, 11-137; A.
120; P. 15; V. 7; scales 6-152-19 or 20. Body much compressed posteri-
orly, tapering from first dorsal to tip of tail ; scales irregularly polygonal,
the free portions co"ered with transparent vitreous spines, arranged in
from 10 to 12 irregular longitudinal rows. On head and upper part of
body, in advance of the first dorsal, the median row of spines most promi-
nent, and presenting the appearance of a low median keel. Lateral line
nearly straight, formed by a smooth groove, which replaces 2 or 3 median
rows of spines of each scale; greatest height at posterior margin of orbit
greater than width at same point, If times in length of head; widtL ex
interorbital area equal to length of snout and length of maxillary; length
of pos+orbital region about erjual to horizontal diameter of orbit; length
of operculum about i length of mandible. Snout sharp, a front view pre-
senting 4 ridges radiating from tip at right angles to each other, the lower
(me being merely a fold in the skin of the under surface of the head, hori-
zontal ridges continued into the ridges upon the suborbitals ; ridge extend-
ing backward from tip of snout upon top of head lost in the intarorbital
space ; branches of the horizontal ridges continued upon upper margins
of orbitr and there disapi)earing. Nostrils immediately in front of orbit,
the posterior pair much the longer. Month situated entirely on lower
side of head ; symphysis of lower jaw in vertical from anterior margin of
orbit, and articulations of mandibles in vertical from posterior margin of
orbit; width of cleft of mouth equal to distance between symphysis of
maxillaries and line connecting their articulations; upper jaw protractile
vertically. Teeth conical, somewhat recurved, of nearly uniform size,
arranged in villiform bands ; palate smooth. Distance of first dorsal from
snout about 4 times the length of its base, and from anterior margin of

|:'l

I'iP :

i 1

! '

■

i
i

1

2584 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum,

orbit eqiiiil to length of head; fintt npiiio v«>ry Hhort, not nmch longer
tlian tho toetli of the Hooond 8pino; aocond Hpiiie in Uuigtb twict^ horizon-
tiil diameter of orbit, Htoat, its anterior margin armed from base to tip
with 15 teeth pointing upward, the uppormoHt Hlend<^r; itn length to tip
of tilament almoHt eqnal to diHtan«'e from origin of Hecond dornal, this tip
when laid back reaching almost to second dorsal ; rays d»icrea8ing regu-
larly in length b«) that, when the An is upright, its shape approximates
that of a right-angled triangle, the hypothenuso of which is the second
dorsal spine, and its perpendicular side a line touching the tips of the
rayH ; length of base of second dorsal less than that of the anal, its origin
over the thirteenth scale of lateral line. Length of longent ray less than
length of barbel ; all rays very feeble; membrane searcely perceptible;
distance of anal from snout 3j^ times in its length at base, its origin under
eighteenth scale of lateral line ; length of first ray ^ the length of tenth, and
3 times the length of last ray, the length of rays lucntaHing to a point
beneath anterior part of first dorsal, and thence gradually decreasing to
tip of tail ; distance of pectoral from snotit 4 times width of intcrorbital
area, its length twice length of mandible; insertion above the middle of
depth of body, on a level with center of orbit, its third ray longest, its
tip reaching to vertical from base of fourth ray; insertion of ventral be-
hind pectoral and almost under that of first dorsal, its distance from snout
slightly ex<"eeding twice its length; tii> of vt-ntral tilament reaching base
of third anal ray. Grouiid color, light brownish gray; under parts sil-
very; belly darker, bluish; under surface of snout pink, as is also the
first dorsal, except spines; spines of dorsal, ventral, and anterior anal
rays blackish; throat, brunchiostcgal membrane, and isthmus rich ( p
violet; sclerotic coat green; eyes very dark blue. This species wf
first deep-sea fisii obtained by the Fish Commission or described , .^
American ichthyologist. It ranges in depths from 9 to 1,255 fathoms.
This speci«'8 is distinguished by Giinther from his Macrourns wqiialia,
which it closely resembles, (1) by its longer snout, whi«-h is nearly equal
to the diameter of the eye, and (2) by the smaller number of ventral rays
(7). (Goode & Bean.) West Indies to Massachusetts Bay, usually in
great dept'is ; excessively abundant on the continental slope, with Phye'ia
chcahri, far outnumbering all other deep-sea fishes in the region. (Named
for Spencer Fullerton Baird.)

Maerovrus bairdii, Goode &. Bkan, Amer. Joum. tSci. and Artti 1877, 471, Massachusetts
Bay; Goode. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 337, 475; GCnthek, Challenger Koport, xxn,
135, pi. 22, flg. B, 1887 ; GoODB & Rean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 393, fig. 335, 1896.

*i

i

p li^^i

1^' '■ut

m I ..^pBl

Blli:f:4j ,..;i i

i:

2960. HAt'R0URU8 LEPTURUS, Gill & Townsend.

Head 5i; depth 8; eye if in head; snout 4; maxillary 2?. D. XIV-122;
A. 116; P. 20; V. 8. Scales deciduous and moderate, oblong or oval with
reduced exposed surfaces, those on the back or above the lateral line with ■
a few, 3 to 5, ridges beset with spines, but those below mostly unarmed;
head regularly conical; snoiit moderately extended; median tubercle very
projecting, the lateral well developed, connected with the median by a
well-defined ridge; infraorbital vertical, with the ridge linear and near

Ihusetts
rt, xxu,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2585

tltuui'bit; tevth uardifonii in both jaws; Wxv lowvr teeth beset the outer
Hlopu of the juw. Veiitrul aa long as ht'iul; pectoral Ijf in head; dorsal
Hpiue serrate, 1;\ iu head. Apparently close to M. acroU^iis, but itroiiably
with shorter head, longer ventrals, and longer dorsul spine, the eye al.to
larger. Length 22 to 26 inches. Bering Sea. Only 2 spuoimens known.
{Xenro?, slender; ovpd, tail.)

ilacruruH leptunti, GlLL & Townsend, Proc. Did. Soc. Wanli., xi, 1807 (Sept. 17, 1887), 233,

Bering Sea, Bouthwett of Pribilof Islands, Albatross Station 3604, in 1,401 fathoms.

(Typo, No. 48767, U. S. Nut. Mus. Coll. Albatross.)
ilaeruni$ dona is* Gu.h &. Townsknd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 181)7 (Sept. 17, 1897), 'J33,

Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, Albatross Station 3604, in 1,401 fathoms.

( Typo, No. 48768, U. S. Nat. Muh. Coll. A lbatros». )

2961. MAt'KOL'BVS AC'ROIiEPIS, llean.

Head abont 4i; depth at veutraluT; eye 3A in head; snout 1; maxillary
2it; mandible 2^; pectoral about 2; ventnii about Ig. 1). Xl-lll-f-; A.
94 + ; P. 20. Form of if. bcrijtajr, width of head f its height; interorbitiil
width i eye ; snout moderate, pointed. Origin of tirst dorsal from snout a
dintance 3 times length of upper juw ; base of first dorsal 3a iu head, or
about 3 times distance between dorsals; first dor-sal .s])ine veiy short, the
second about 1$ in head, serrate in front. Distance of anal from snout 2A
times its length; distance of pectoral from snout slightly great<'r than
head; distance of ventral origin from snout ^ its length. Length 2 feet
or more. Coasts of Vaneouver Island, Washington and Oregon, in deep
water, in 345 to 786 fathoms ; common. A sn ill specimen taken by us off
Bogoslof Island. Our specimens have 11 rays in the first dorsal, not 11,
11 or 13, as giveti by Bean, (aupo?, sharp; Xeitii, scale.)

Maerurxu aerolepU, Bean, Proo. U. S. Nat, Mas. 1883, 362, Straits of Juan de Fuca, near
Neah Bay, Washington (Coll. Jamca G. Swan, from tlio stoniacli of a fur seal) ; Juu-
DAN, Cat. Ftsh.N. A., 131,1885; (JnJiEBT, Kept.U. S. Fish Coniiu. 1893 (1896), 457.

Maerourua aerolepU, Jobdan & Gilubrt, Kept. Fur Seal luvotst., 1898.

2962. MAUBOUKUS STEL01D0LKPI8, Gilbert.

Head 4i^ ; depth 5A ; eye small, 3^ to 4 in head; snout 4^. D. II, 10 or 11 ;
A. 130; scales 155; 5 or 6 scales between lateral line and base of first dor-
sal. Body deep, the lower profile rapidly rising along anterior portion of
base of anal, the tail thus abruptly becoming slender. Head short and
deep; snout heavy, little produced, acute at extreme tip; infraorbital
ridge not prominent on sides of head or snout, not continued backward on
preopercle. A pair of narrow, transverse naked strips on upper surface
of snout near tip, separated on each side by a single scale from the naked

* The following is Gill & Townsend's description of Maorourut dorsalit :
"Dorsal 15-12U; anal 122; pectoral 21; ventral 9. Scales deciduous and rather small,
diversiform, with small exposed surfaces; near the dorsal they have about 5 radiating
siiinigerous ridges, but below the lateral line these ridges are fewer and unarmed ; snout
short, projecting a considerable length beyond the eye and a little beyond the supranuix-
iUarv; median tubercle very prominent; connecting ridge well defined; infraorbital
nearly vertical, with the ridge linear and near tlie orbit; teeth cardiform."

To this we add the following, from our examination cf their type : Head SJ ; depth 7 ;
eye 4}; snout 4; iuterorbital \(idth slightly greater than eye; maxillary 22; ventral fin j
longer than head, 4^ in body; poctortdli in Itead. Dorsal spine strongly serrate, its
length equal to that of liuad.

3030 85

•■I pi

I.:

i i

m .:■

i

!l

2586 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

nostril fossa; u double series of scales intervunes between the nustrils uud
the orbit ; lower side of suout wholly naked anteriorly, partly scaled lat-
erally. Mouth large, overhung by premaxillaries for a distance about i
diam«'ter of orbit; premaxillaries in advance of nostrils; luaxillaries
reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil, 2f in head; snout about
equaling intcrorbital width; barbel long, % orbit. Teeth in cardiforni
bands of equal width in both jaws, narrowed laterally, but not to a singht
series; anterior series in upper Jaw enlarged, in lower jaw all the teeth of
equal size. Preopercle broadly rounded, the angle but moderately pro-
duced, a narrow strip of the interoperclc visible for its entire length;
outer gill arch partially joined to cover, as usual; gill rakers obsolete ;
gill membrane^ unitod, forming a wide free fold across isthmus posteriorly.
>Scalcs without ridges, their exposed surfaces thickly beset with spines
which are usually without definite arrangement; the marginal spine
longest, thence decreasing in length to the base, about 40 present on eiich
scale on middle of sides; scales on head crowded, the spines shorter and
jiot directed backwai'd as on the body; a rosette of short spines on tip of
snout; no naked area between ^'^entrals; mandible and gill menibrar.<^s
partly scaled; no considerable naked area in axil of pectorals. Dorsal in-
serted over base of pector.*l8, the length of its base slightly lesb than \ the
interspace between base of dorsals; second dornal spine rather short and
fragile, furnished anteriorly with a series of retrorre spiniiies, its length
slightly exceeding ^ that of head, its tip not reaching origin of second
dorsal; origin of anal fin well in advance of second dorsal; the vent unu-
sually far forward, its distance from base of ventrals 2 to 1\ in its distance
from anal lin ; ventrals less widely separated than in M. 8oapho2)si8, the outer
ray produced, extending beyond front of anal; ventrals with 10 rays;
pectorals with 22 to 24 rays; longest pectoral ray equals | head. Color
very dark brownish, lighter on tail ; lower side of head, breast, and ab-
dominal region, including front of anal and base of pectorals, blue black;
roof of moutb, valvular flap of membrane behind bands of teeth, gill
membranes, and upper posterior portion of opercular lining, black ; mouth
;ind gill cavity otherwise white; {leritoneum bright silvery, with little
black specking; fine dusky (Gilbert.) Coast of southern California.
Two specimens, the longest 12 inches in length, from Albatross Station
2960, in 267 fathoms. {dreXyi^, a scraper; ? tc'k;, scale.)

Maeruruii steltjidolcpis, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miib. 1890, IIG, coast of southern Cali-
fornia, at Albatross Station 3960, in 367 fathoms.

'20tt». MACBOUKl'S CINKKKl'N, Gilbert.

(roP-EYK.)

D. II, 10 or 11; ventral 9; 7 scales between lateral line and first
dorsal. Eye 33^ to 4 in head; snoul about 4, high and blunt, but Ktlle
overlapping the mouth, terminating in a x)ointed prolongation of the
median ridge, which bears at its tip a bony tubercle furnished with radi-
ating ridgca; mvsal ridges terminating in shorter aad Bmalh^, but similar,
tubercles, the outline between them concave; tip of snout overpassing the
premaxillaries for I its length; eye very large and protuberant; mouth of

>f;»*"'r>/7'!rc.:--r-^l^'n

Jordan and Evcrniann. — Fishes of North America. 2587

Cali-

lirst
IlLtUo
If the

radi-
\\ iliir,
tbo

ItUuf

moderate size, the maxillary reaching vertical from hinder margin of orbit,
(><|uuliDg length of snout ami i of eye. Teeth finely villiform, in each
Jaw, the outer series not at all enlarged, the mandibular baud narrow,
liarbel short and slender, its length less than \ diameter of pupil ; iuter-
orbital width ^ diameter of orbit, e^iualiug length of snout; preopercle
greatly expanded, much overlapping the interorbital below, leaving
cxposcu only the extreme posterior angle. Gill membranes narrowly
joined, with a posterior fold, free from the isthmus; gill rakers short, com-
pressed, almost tubercular, 2 + 12. Origin of dorsal well behind base of
Ijcctorals; second dorsal spine long and filamentous, strongly spinous
except on extreme base and tip ; length of spine ^ to ? hea«l ; baae of first
dorsal eijualing diameter of orbit; interspace between dorsals f to f base
of first dorsal ; pectoral long and slender, c/[ualiug length of head behind
anterior nostril openin^, about as long as the filamentous outer ventral
ray ; vent immediately in front of anal origin. Scales on sides well imbri-
cated, each with 7 to 9 parallel ridges which bear short sharp spines
directed very obliquely backward; 7 scales between lateral line and
base of first dorsal. Color uniform light grayish on T)ody and fins, with
the exception of the blackish pectorals and ventrals ; sides of head silvery ;
mouth, gill cavity, and peritoneum brownish or purplish black ; gill mem-
branes and gular membrane dusky. (Gilbert.) Bering Sea; excessively
.ibundant in the depths, where it outnumbers all other fishes. Nunierous
speciiitens from north of Unalaska Island, at Albatross Stations 8307 and
;{329, in 1,033 and 31>9 fathoms; and the North Pacific, south of Unimak
Island, AJbatrosH Station 3340, in 695 fathoms. Our many specimens from
near Bogoslof Island, in 664 fathoms, {cincreus, ashy gray.)

ilacrourus cinereiia, Giluekt, Rept. U. S. Fish Couiiu. 1893 (1896), 457, near Unalaska
and Unimak Islands, in 399 to 1,033 fathoms; Jordan &. Gilueut, Report Fur Seal
luvest., 1898. *"

1007. COELORHYNCHUS, Giorna.

Cvelorhynchut, OioHNA, Mt'-in. Ac Sci. Turin, xvi, 178, 1S03 (" Cculorhynche la rille").
Krohniut, Cocco, Lettera al Sij;- Aiigusto Krobn, I'esci del Maro de Mesainii, 1, 1844 (jila-

viento»u» ; larva) .
I'araiHacruniii, lU.EEKEn, '^'ersl. Med. Ak. Weteusk. Amstfrd. 1874, KKJ {anstralin).
Oxj/inacrurus, ISi.eekeu, Versl. Med. Ak. Weteiisk. Anmtt^rd. 1874, 103 (jajionicuii).

This genus agrees with Macronnis in all essential respects, except that
the small month is wholly below the long-poiuted, sturgeon-Jiko snout.
Dorsal spine smooth in typical species, those with serrate spine having
been lately separated under the g»iueric name Calotrphalus. (Gilbert &
Cramer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 189'3, 422) {acipenserinus). Species numerous.
(HolXo^, hollow; fjvyxoi, snout.)

(I. Heiid large, 3J in length; depth 7; eye I length of the long snout, 4 in head; dorsal
spine niotlerate. t)CL'A, 2004.

aa. Head short, 4^ to 5 in length,

b. liody rather elongate, the depth 8 in length ; eyo as long as suout, 3 in head.

CAKMINATrS, "OCi.

bb. ll(Kly less elongate, the depth (H to OJ in length.

e. Dorsal spinit lung; anal rays altout IIU; scales 124. CAUiiiii.r.t'H, 2U60.

ec. Dorsal spin© very short ; anal rays 05; scales 08. scAi'Horsis, 2007.

2588 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

i/l !

i ,
I I

Mi

11! i I

M

2»tt4. t'iELORIIYNC'HUS OCCA (Goode & lican).

Head 3^ in total length; depth 7 in total length; snout exceedingly
elongate, nearly twice as long as diameter of eye; a black flap between
nostrils; angle of mouth nearly reaching vertical from posterior margin
of the orbit ; ridge of head very strong and continuous from snout to angle
(►f preopercle, liaving, also, strong supraocular and occipital iidges; eye
nearly round, its horizontal diameter 4 in head and equal to intcrorbital
space; ventral originating under middle of first dorsal, and extending
to fourth ray of anal; distance from ventral origin to vent 3^ in length of
head; second spine of dorsal weak and smootl), its length e«inal to post-
or1)ital part of head, its base slightly less than distance between first and
second dorsals; S(xuamation excessively rough, each scale bearing about 5
large spines besides many smaller ones, the median spine of the large series
being much the largest ; 5 rows of scales between origin of dorsal and
lateral line, 19 from vent forward to lateral line and 12 backward; barbel
\ as long as snout. This species has scales similar to those of Maerourus
herglax, there being a strong median keel formed by series of spines, of
which the last is the largest; surface cf each scale also with abont
4 or more lateral ridges formed by series of short spines. In a much
larger example (l'^. S. Nat. Mus. No. 37334), measuring 18 inches in
length, the lateral series of keels have greatly increased in number,
the individual spines having become more prominent, so that tlie
median keel has become less conspicuous than in the type. In the
larger specimen referred to, thenalvednessof the under surface of the head
is even more i)ronounce(l than in the smaller, in which the under surface
of the head beneath tlie suborbital and nasal ridge is almost entirely
naked. The intermaxillary has a very short bone similar in structure and
dentition to that of Macrourus bertjlajc, that is to say, tlie intermaxillary
teeth are in a rather broad villi form band, and the outer teeth are not
enlarged; mandibulary teeth in a similar broad villilbrm band; mouth
entirely inferior and small. (Jill membranes attached across the isthnms,
very little emarginate, and not deeply cleft; in the large example the gill
membrane is attaeh»'d to the isthmus and not deeply cleft, but there is a
very narr«)W free margin Itehind. The gill rakers are very short, tubercular,
and few in number, certainly not more numerous than in J/, hertjlax ; in
the large example only 8 little tuben-les can 1)6 seen on the first gill arch.
Second spine of the dorsal in the type specimen is smooth, with the excep-
tion of 2 weak spines neai' its tip, but in the large example thei'c is no trace
of serratiims on the dorsal spine, ((ioode t.\c^ Bean.) Length 450mm. Gulf
of Mexico and West Indies, in deci> water, {occa, a harrow, from the
rough scales.)

Macrurus occa, (ioous & Bkan, rruc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 505, Quif of Mexico, Lat. 38<^

34' N., Long. 86'^ 48' W., in 335 fathoms. (Type, No. 37334. Coll. Albatros*.)
Cu^loihi/nehus occa, Goode \- JJkan, Ocoauio Iclitbyology, 400, liga. 832, 333, and 337, 1896.

S»Uo. 1:(I:L0RII¥NCIII18 CABMINATIIK (Goode).

Head about 5 in total length; depth 8; eye about 5 in head, equaling
interorbital width ; snout equaling eye or postorbital part of head ; length
of opercle about 2 in snout. Body less elongate than in M. bairdii. Snout

-'1T-^'^'^Vt^'~^ '■"-'"■•-/"

arch.

jxcop-

tviico

Gulf

thi'

-at. a8°

l7, 1896.

aliug

igtb

^uout

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2589

long, sharp, depressed, triangular, tho lower surface more nearly parallel
with the axis of body than in M. bairdii; lateral ridges more pronounced,
continued in a straight line nuder oyc and upon preopercle; strong hori-
zontal ridges rnnning from supraorbital margins to gill openings, parallel
with Bubocular ridges; nostrils inimediatoly in front of orbit; barbel very
short. Teeth small, conical, somewhat recur> >d, arranged in villiform
bands. Origin of first dorsal to snout 4^ times its base, its distance from
anterior margin of orbit much less than length of head; first spine very
short, hardly perceptible above tho skin; second spine about 2 in head,
slender and unarmed, when laid back its tip reaching to or beyond origin
of second dorsal, the spines decreasing in length very gradually, the
sixth being nearly as long as second, so that the fin is not so triangular as
in If. hairdii', second dorsal beginning in a perpendicular from seventh
anal ray ; anal much higher than in M. bairdii, nearly e<|ual to ^ inter-
orbital width, its origin under eighteenth scale of lateral line, its longest
rays as long as interorbital width ; distance of pectoral from snout equal-
ing twice its own length, which about equals longest dorsal sjiine; origin
of pectoral below middle of depth of body .and below level of middle of
orbit, its tip not reaching origin of anal; insertion of ventrals behind
])ectoral, slightly in advance of first dorsal, its distance from snout greater
than twice its length, the long filament not reaching anal. Color silvery
gray. Length 250 mm. This species is extremely close to the, common
Mediterranean species, C. calorhynchiis (Risso), but the spines on the scales
are a little larger. West Indies, CJulf of Mexico, and in the Gulf Stream
in deep water; abundant; taken at many stations by the Albatross, the
Blake, the Fish Hawk, and the Challenger, in 115 to 161 fathoms, (car-
minatut, front carmen, a wool card.)

Maerurua canninatun, GoonE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., in, IfifiO, 346 .and 475, Gulf Stream off
Rhode Island, Lat. 40^03' 54" N., Long. yC^ 23' 40", at Fish Hawk Station 871, in 115
fathoms (Type, No. 20007) ; Goode & Rean, Rnll. Mus. ("onip. /ool., x, No.5, 196, 188:t.

Macniru* (Coelorhynchux) carminatug, GU'NTHER, Challengor Keport, Deep-Sea FislieH,
XXII, 129, pi. 5, flg. 13, 1887.

('mlorhynchus carminatus, Goodb & Bean, Oceanic Irlithyology, 398, fig. 330, 1890.

2900. rffiLOBHYNCIIUS CABIRBJCIJS (Goode & Kpan).

Head 4^ in total length; depth 6^ in total length. 1 D. II, 8; 2 D. at
least 110; A. 110-|-; scales 6-124-15 or 16. Body normal in sh.-ipe; scales
moderate, strong, densely covered with minute spines, without enlarged
median keel; interorbital area flat, its greatest width about 5 times in
length of head; postorbital portion of head about 3 in head, and just as
long as eye, which is oval, and 1* as long as its vertical diameter. Snout
long, thin, diaphanous, wltli acuminate point, its general form resembling
that of C. carminatus. Tho nostrils close to the orbit, the posterior one
miu^h the larger. Teeth in each jaw in villiform bands, minute. Rarbel
slender and short, its length j( that of eye. Maxillary extending to verti-
cal through middle of pupil; upper jaw about 3 in head; mandible 2A;
intermaxillary short. Outer series of teeth on intermaxillary and mandi-
ble not enlarged, the teeth not becoming uniserial. Gill membranes nar-
rowly attached to tho isthmus ; gill rakers minute, tubercuhir, a )out 10 on

i

^!- f

2590 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

first arch. Snborbit.al ridge very strong, continued almost in a straight
line by the lateral ridge of the snout; under surface of head, except chin
and branchiostegal region, densely covered with small, spiny tubercles; a
naked space on underside of snout, occupying almost entire distance from
front of mouth to tip of snout, widest anteriorly, the greatest width 5 in
snout; intermaxillary protractile in a vertical direction; mouth distinctly
inferior. Origin of second dorssil over seventh anal ray, about an eye's
diameter behind first dorsal; length of aniil rays about 4 in head; origin
of pectoral in front of first dorsal, its length 2 in head, its tip reaching
fifth anal ray. Color silvery gray, with yellowish and lavender tints.
Length 290 mm. Caribbean Sea north to the Gulf of Mexico, in deep
water, (caribhwus, of the Caribbean Sea.)

Macruma caribbceut, Goode & Bean, Troc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 594, Gulf of Mexico, at
Albatross Station 4377, Lat. 29° 07' 30" N., Long. 88° 08' W., in aio fathoms (Type,
No. 37333) ; GiiNTHER, Cliallonger IJeport, DeepSea Wishes, xxn, 124, note 3, 1887.

Coelorhynchut earibbtewi, GooDE & Bean, Oceanic Icbtbyology, 401, fig. 338, 1890.

2907. •^OSLOBHYNCHUS SCAPH0PSI8 (Gilbert).

1,1! '

1:j

I!

.5?
■if

m

Depth 6f in total length; head 4^; scales 98. D. II, 8; A. ca. 95. Snout
flattened, acute, the conspicuous infraorbital ridge forming a strong ridge
iilong its sides, the two meeting at tip in a salient point; an evident Iteel
extending from tip of snout to middle of int«rorbital area ; supraurT)itiil
ridge dividing anteriorly, 1 branch running down in front of nostril,
tho other sepai'ating nostril fossa from orbit; between the ridges the head
is covered with a soft, yielding integument, which is semitranslucent.
Lower side of snout wholly naked below, and with a large naked area
above on each side of tip; srout projecting beyond mouth for a distance
equaling length of maxillary. Mouth of moderate size, the ni.ixiilary
reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil, 3i in head. Teeth villi-
form, in a broad band in upper jaw, in a narrower band below, not reduced
to a single series laterally in either jaw, and none of the teeth enlarged.
Eye large, elliptical, equaling length of snout, 3J in head; interorbital
width 4^. Barbel short, about i pupil ; preopercular angle greatly pro-
duced backward, wholly concealing the interopercle, the strong infra-
orbital ridge failing to reach preopercular margin by only i diameter of
pupil. Structure of gills as usual in this genus, the gill rakers obsolete;
gill membranes broadly united, joined to isthmus, across which they
form posteriorly a very narrow free fold. Besides the ridges already
described on head, there are a pair on occiput, a pair from upper posterior
margin of orbit to upper angle of gill opening, and a median ridge on nape
reaching about halfway from occiput to dorsal. These ridges, as well as the
interorbital space and the area between the occipital ridges, covered with
scales comprepsod to a knife-like edge, which is provided with a single
series of backward-directed spines; scales on infraorbital and rostral
ridges bearing stellate spines or are similar to those on temporal region,
sides of head, and body generally; scales on body large; 3 longitudinal
series between lateral line and middle «»f first dorsal; each scale provided
with a ridge bearing about 6 backwanl-directcd spines, and from 2 to 4

liM

w

os'.*-.-""-/..;.'^^^'

Jordan and Ever mann. — Fishes' of North America. 2501

piiira of lateral ridges nlHo bearing spines, the lateral ridges sometimes
extending the whole width of scales, sometimes confined to their basul por-
tion ; marginal spines longest ; axil of pectoral naked, itH base anteriorly
with small cycloid scales ; a naked, mnrh depressed, elliptical area between
bases of ventrals in all specimens ; second dorsal spine smooth, weak, little
exceeding length of soft rays, equaling length of mont.aiid orbit; base of
first dorsal \\ in interspace between dorsals, which is 2f in head; distance
from front of anal t«> snout equaling \ total length; ventrals with the
4mter ray produced, about reaching front of anal ; pectorals reaching beyond
anal | length of head; ventrals with 7 rays; pectorals with 15 to 17 rays.
Oolor light olive brown, dusted with coarse black specks; axil of pec-
torals, belly, ventrals, and brancbiostegal membranes blue black ; lower
side of head dusky; mouth anteriorly, including tongue and \ of palate,
white, its posterior part and most of lining of gill cavity jet-black; inner
lining of cheeks abruptly white; lower part of iris silvery; peritoneum
silvery, with coarse dusky specks; vertical fins dusky, the anterior por-
tion of anal black. Coast of southern California. Many specimens, the
longest 12 inches long, from Alhatrosa Station 3015, in 145 fathoms. (Gil-
bert.) (.dMd(l>tf, spade; oipt?, face.)

Maerurus (Caelorhynchtu) icaphoptis, Gilbert, Proc. F. S. Nat. Mas. 1800, lis. Albatross
Station 3015, coast of southern California, in 145 fathoms.

ready

lerior

Inape

Is the

IwitU

]ngle

Istral

l^ion,

linaL

lided

to4

1008. TRACHONURUS, Giinther.
Trachonurus, GOnther, Challenger Report, DeepSea Fishos, xxii, 124, 1887 (villosus).

Scales not imbricated, separated by furrows, and densely covered with
sharp spinules, so that the animal seems villous to tho touch ; dorsal spine
smooth; dorsal much lower than anal; teeth in both jaws in villiform
bands; snout obtuse, the mouth subinferior; suborbital ridge little
developed. This genus is distinguished from Culorhynchua by the indis-
tinct squamation. ( rpa^t)?, ijugh; olV«, tail.)

2908. TRACHONURUS SULt'ATUS (Goorte & Bean).

Head 7^ in total length; depth about 9^; eye 3s^ in hea<l; snout 4 to 4^.
D. II, 8 or 9, the secoud of numerous low rays ; A. 120; V.7; P. 13; scales
7-175 or more — 33. Barbel 2^ to 2 in eye. Body elongate, rapidly con-
tracted behind the abdomen ; the tail long and whip-like. Scab's motle-
rate, strongly armed, each with 8 to 10 spinelets, irregularly placed, less
numerous in the young, which feel bristly to the touch, separated by wide
deep furi'ows; armature of head similar to that of body, but the scales
upon snout, cheeks, and chin have very feeble spines. Interorbital area
nearly Hat, its length equaling diameter of eye or about 3 in head ; post-
orbital part of head as long as eye ; snout short, obtuse, scarcely over-
hanging the mcmth ; nostrils somewhat above level of middle of eye, the
anterior «me nearly upon tlu^ dorsal outline. Uitper jaw with 2 series of
teeth in villiform bands, the outer series slightly enlarged; teeth of lower
jaw in a single series; maxillary reaching to vertical Ihrongh hind mar-
gin of pupil in adult, shorter in younger imlividuals; length of upper jaw.

:! i 'i i

t

I

^^t^l^ll

2592 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

including maxillary, 3 in head; mandible 2 in depth of body; barbel 2 to
2^ in eyo. Gill rakers very small, tubular, almost rudimentary, about 10
below angle of first arch ; attachment of membrane to first arch very
extensive, but free from isthmus ; no pseudobranchiiw. First dorsal com-
paratively low, the first spine rudimentary, the second elongate and
smooth ; insertion of first dorsal immediately over or somewhat behind
base of pectoral, its dist.iiice from snout 1^ in head, its base equal to
snout, its longest spine, when laid down, reaching behind origin of second
dorsal, or 1\ to 2 in head; second dorsal A'ery low, its distance from first
3 to 4 in head, 32 rays in a distance equal to length of head; 22 in same dis-
tance of anal ; anal mnch higher than second dorsal, yet very low, its
longest ray equal to eye; distiince of anal origin from snout 4| in total
length, or nearly under origin of second dorsal ; pectoral inserted under
or somewhat in front of origin of first dorsal, its length about 2 in head ;
ventral inserted behind vertical from end of base of first dorsal, extend-
ing to origin of an.1l, its length about equaling eye; vent a1>out midway
between origin of ventrals and anal. Color brown ; abdomen and lower
parts of head blackish in the young. West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, in
deep water; taken both by the Albatross and the Blake. {sulcaUts, fur-
rowed. )

Coii/phmioidcs siilcaHit, Goode \- Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 596, Gulf of Mexico,
at Albatross Station 2394, Lat. 38° 38' 30" N., Long. 87° 03' W., in 430 fathoms
(Type, No. 3733.")) ; Goode & Bean, Oco.auic Iclithyology, 403, 1896.

Harruntg {Malacoeei>halus) svleatiu, Guntheb, Cliallenger RejKjrt, Docp-Sea Fiabes, xxn,
169, 1887.

Fraehonvnu tuleatm, Goode & Bean, Occnnic Iclithyolojry, 410, fig. 343, 1896.

1009. LIONURUS, Giinther.

1^

II

.'il

I

XAonurtit, GJ^nther, Cliallengcr Report, xxii, DeepSea Fislicu, 124, 1887 (Jilieauda).

This genus is close to Macrourus, differing in the smooth, flaccid scales,
and soft, cavernous skull, characters associated with its extreme bathybial
degradation. (As/'o?, smooth; ovpd, tail.)

a. Barltol niinnto, not } pupil; eye small, 6 in htad; tail very nlendor.

FIUCATOA, 2069.
aa. Barbel moderate, IJ in oyo; eye 3J in head. liolepis, 2970.

2060. LIONURUS FILIVAUDA (Giinther).

D. 11; P. 20; V. 9; cseca 7. Snout considerably projecting beyond the
mouth, pointed in the middle, twice as long as eye, which is unusually
small, only i as wide as interorbital space. Mouth rather wide, extend-
ing beyond the center of the eye. Upper teeth villiform, in a very nar-
row band, those of mandible very small, biserial. Barbel minute. Pre-
operculum with the angle produced backward, broadly rounded and
crenulated on the margin. Terminal portion of the tail prolonged into a
long filament, more slender than in any of the other species. Bones of
head soft. Scales of moderate size, thin, cycloid, and deciduous, 6 or 7 in
a transverse series between the first dorsal spine and the lateral line; snout

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2593

and inferior haif of tbo infraorbital region naked. Second dorsal spine
slender, witli the barbs in front very inconHpicuous and sometimes
entirely absent ; distance between dorsal fiim less than length of head ;
outer ventral ray produced into a Hmall filament. Distance between vent
and isthmns less than length of head. Head and trunk whitish, tail
Itrownish, lower part of head and gill openings black. (Giiiitber.) This
species is clearly one of those in this family which extends to the greatest
depths. The decrease in the size of th(< eye, the very soft bones, the eoni-
comitant want of firmness in the structure of the scales, and tbo tail,
which tapers into a very fine filament, indicate its abyssal abode. The
scales are nearly all gone in all the specimens obtained. The species
appears to be abundant in individuals, and has, like a true deep-sea fish,
a wide distribution. (Giinther.) Antarctic Ocean and deep seas off both
coasts of South America, (filum, thread; cauda, tail.)

Goryphcenoidet (Lionurtit) filicauda, GUnther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xx, 1878, 27,

Deep seas on both sides of South America, in 1,375 to 3,650 fathoms.
Maerurug filicauda, GrrNTHEB, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, 141, pi. 34, fig. B, 1887.
Lionurus filicauda, Goodb &, Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 409, flg. 342, 1896.

I I

.! ! .. ■

2070. LI0NVRV8 LIOLEPIK, Gilhcrt.

Head 4| in length; deptlx 6n ; maxillary nearly reaeliing vertical from
posterior msirgin of orbit, 2:^ in bead; eye 3|; iiiterorbital space concave,
equaling snout, H; barbel | eye. D. II, 10. A. 120. Snout short and
liigh, with well-marked lateral ridge, the extreme tip flattened; the
median ethmoidal ridge is prominent, and the supraocular ridge is con-
tinued forward on the snout, meeting the lateral ridge in a projecting
point. Top of snout wholly naked mesially, a narrow band of scales
around each margin and in front. Lower side of head, incl'iding under
side of snout, mandibles, gill membranes, and mostof interopercles, naked;
a very small pat(;h of scales on posterior part of interopercle. Month
moderate, the snout overhanging the premaxillaries for a distance equal-
ing \ m.axillary. Teeth in rather narrow oardiform bands in each jaw, not,
however, forming single series laterally ; the outer series in upper jaw
only is enlarged ; angle of preopercle little produced, not concealing the
interopercle; in fraorl)itul ridge not continued on to it. Gill membranes
forming posteriorly a rather wide free fold across isthmus; outer gill
arch joined to gill c"*. er us usual in this genus. Scales small, everywhere
cycloid, very deciu-.v*u8, lost in most specimens; no spines developed, but
occasionally can be seen traces of a median ridge and a pair of lateral
ridges ; about 6 or 7 series of scales between lateral line and base of first
dorsal. Origin of first dorsal over or in .advance of base of pectorals ; base
of first dorsal H to 1| in interval between dorsals; second dorsal spine
usually smooth, occasionally with from 1 to 3 weak prickles near the mid-
dle; length of spine 1* in head. Origin of anal slightly behind first dor-
sal, the vent midway between base of ventrals and anal ; ventrals short,
the outer ray slightly produced, with from 10 to 12 rays ; pectorals with
20 or 21 rays. Color very dark brown; snout, opercles, lower side
of head, and abdominal region black or blue black ; mouth and gill cav'ty

'^'j

*»•'

■A

•4*
'It

2594 Bulletin ^7, United States National Musenm,

lilack; peritoneum dusky silvery. Coast of sonthorn California. Many
Hpocimens taken at Albatross Station 2980, in 603 fathoms. {Xsio?, smooth;
Aejtt?, scale.) (Gilbert.)

Macruru* (Lionuntt) liolei>iii, GiLRBBT, Proc. IT. S. Nat. AIui. 1890, 117, coast of southern
California, at Albatross Station 3980, in 603 fathoms.

Remotely related to the Soombriform fishes, and perliaps d<!rived from
the same ancestral stock as the TriohiuHdu-, is the Hiugular

Suborder TJ^.NIOSOMI.
(The KiBuoN-FisiiES.)

This jjronp is thns defined by Dr. (iill :

" Scapular arch subnormal, post-tempoi'al undivided and closely applied
to the back of the cranium, between the epiotic and pterotic, or upon the
parietal ; hypercoracoid perforate at or near the margin ; cranium with
the epiotics enlarged, encroaching backward and Juxtaposed behind, inter-
vening between the exoccipitals and supraoccipital ; prootic and opisthotic
represented chieHy by the enlarged prootic; suborbital chain imperfect;
the CO tular bones separated by intervening cartilaginous elements; the
hypop jaryugeals styliform .and parallel vith the branchial arches; epi-
]>liaryngeal8 in full number (4 pairs), and mostly compressed ; the dorsal fin
composed of inarticulate rays or spines, separablis into lateral halves, and
the ventrals (when present) subbrachial. A myodomo may be present or
absent, none being developed in the liegclecidw, but 1 being distinct and
supplemented by a dichost in the Trachyteridw." (Gill.)

"The ribbon-fishes,"" says Giiiither, "are true deep-sea fishes, met with
in all parts of the oceans, generally found when floating dead on the sur-
face or thrown ashore by the waves. Their body is like a band, specimens
of from 15 to 20 feet long being from 10 to 12 inches deep and about an
inch or two broad at their thickest part. The eye is large and lateral ;
the mouth small, armed with very feeble teeth; the head deep and short.
A high dorsal fin runs along the wliole length of the back, and is supported
bj' extremely numerous rays, its ^xremost portion, on the head, is detached
from the rest of the fin, and co» iposed of very elongate flexible spines.
The anal fin is absent. The ' .udal fin (if preserved, which is rarely the
case in .adults) h»8 an extra-axial position, being directed upward like a
fan. The ventrals are thoracic, either compressed of several rays or reduced
to a single long filament. The coloration is gener.ally silvery, with rosy
fins. When these fishes reach the surface of the water the expansion of
the gases within their bodies has so loosened all the parts of their muscn-
lar and bony system that they can be lifted out of the water with diflB-
culty only, and nearly always r jrtions of the body .and fins are broken and
lost. The bones contain very little bony matter, and are very porous, thin,
and light. At what depth ribbon fishes live is not known; probably the
de]>ths vary for different species ; but although none h.as yet been obtained
by means of the deep-sea dredge, they mnst be abundant at the bottom of
all oceans, as dead fishes or fraguients of them are frequently obtained.

i, i\r:X'JL-^~L'\jbtt^>y.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2595

Sonifl writers havo Hiipposed from the great length and narrow shape of
these lishos that they have hoen mistaken for 'soa serpents,' but as these
moustera of the sea are .always represented by those who have had the
good fortune of meeting with them as remarkably active, it is not likely
that harmless ribbon-iishes, which are either dying or dead, have been the
objects des«;ribed as 'sea serpents.'" {raivia, ribbon; dcofia, body.)

Famiijeh op T/ENIOSOMI.

a. Ventral iinn redncnd each to a Hingle long fllament, thickened at the tip; anterior
raya of dorsal produced; niuiitli small; caudal flu short or wanting.

UK(jALECin.K, ecxvi.
aa. \'tintral fins normally developed or else wanting.

h. Caudal flu Hhort, fan-8liv«)e<l, iusertod at an anglu with axis of Vtody ; the tail

not niucli produced beyond it. TiiACHVi'TEuro/K, ecxvii.

bb. Caudal fln short, the tail beyoiul it ending in a long tilaiuent, longer than rcHt

of body. STVLKl'UOBIDiU, CC'XVUI.

1 ;■!

Family CCXVI. REGALECIDiE.

(OAii-FisirKs.)

Body very elongated and compressed, the head oblong, the opercular
apparatus well developed (the operculum exttmded backward, the sub-
operculum obliquely behitid it, and the interoperenlum extended upward
lelow the 2), the preorbital chain oblique and widest at the second bono;
ventrals represented by single elongate rays, the cranium with the
myodome atrophied and the dicho.st suppressed, the supraoccipital pushed
forward by the extensive development of the epiotics which encroach for-
ward on the roof as well as back and sides of the cranium, and with short
ribs. (Gill.) Superficial characters are the very long dorsal, extending
the whole length of the back and with the rays at the nape much produced ;
pectorals very short ; caudal fin short or wanting; anal very low; head
small ; mouth very short ; no air bladder ; pyloric cseca numerous. One
genus, with 2 or more species. Very large, surface-swimming fishes of the
open seas ; the great size, undulating motion and projecting mane causing
them frequently to be taken for sea serpents. {liegalecida;, Gill, Standard
Nat. Hist., in, 1885; Gill, Amer. Nat. 1890, 482.)

loio. REGALECUS, Briinnich.
(Oar-Fishes.)

Itegaleeut, BrIInnich, Nya Sammlung, in, 414, 1788 (glesne).
Oj/mnetrm, lihocn &. Schnkihek, Syst. Ichtli., 487, 1801 (remipes).
XyiHerut, KAt'iNKSQUE, Indiio, 59, 1810 (imperati).

Characters of the genus included above. " It is not certain that there is
more than 1 species of Itegaleciia, although, as the synonymy which follows
clearly shows, various names have been suggested in coimection with the
comparatively few individuals which, during the past century and a half,
have been captured in the North Atlantic. There appears to be consider-

'i I

i

1:
i

«

1

1

.;1f

•!

1-

|;

i

m

- "r ' i

r

2500 nullctin ^7, United States National Museum.

able possibility uf individual variation in proportions of height to length,
and in the number of rays in tho dorsal fin, but it is a fact Avell known to
ichthyologists tliat constancy is not to be expected in forms in which the
number of vertebnn and iin rayn has T)o(>n extended far beyond the normal
average. It should also be said that most of the individuals studied have
been in very imperfect condition, and also that in many instaneeH the
observations have been made by untrained observers, so that it seems
doulitful whether there is really moro than 1 species to be assigned to the
Atlantic fauna. At all events, Ciiinther, CoUett, Liitken, and Di<y a^^ree
in the idea that it is impossible to discriminate between the forms already
described, and we follow their lead in eon.sidering them all, for the
present, as a single species. It is not impossible, of course, that, should
better material be obtained, it may bo desirable to separate the group
into more 8ubsi)ecie.s, but until this shall bo done discrimination leads to
confusion rather than to definite knowh^dge. The fishes belonging to the
genus Jfffialccua are very remarkable, not only on aceount of their pecu-
liar appearance and structure*, but becaus** of their enormous siize. They
have been known to attain the length of 20 feet, and it is more than
probable that they grow very much longer, and that many of the creatures
popularly identified with the "s<*a serpent" are <mly largo individuals of
this typo. Indeed, it seems quite safe to assign to this group all the so-
called ''sea serpents" which have l»eon described as swimming r.apidly
near the surface, with a horse-liko head raised above the water, snr-
numnted by a niane-liko crest of red or brown. The individual which
eanie ashore at Hungry Bay, in Bermuda, in 18(50, and which was about
17 feet long, was described by the people who saw it before its capture as
being very much larger, and as having a head of an immense horse with a
flaming red mane." (Goodo & Bean.) (rex, king; haUc, h(*rring. The
species have long been known as "king of the herrings," as have those of
Trachypt<rua.)

3071. REOALECUS OLESNE (Ascaniiis).
(Oar-Fish ; Sea Serpent.

Head 16 to 20; depth 12 to 24; eye 4 to 6 in head ; snout short, truncated.
D. 275 to 400 ; P. 11 to 14 ; V. I. Body very elongate. Cleft of mouth ver-
tical, the upper jaw very protractile ; jaws minute or absent. Anterior 8 to
15 rays of dorsal forming an elevated crest, sometimes in 2 parts, the pos-
terior rays with inombranaecons tips ; each ventral ray with a lobate mem-
branaceous tip; skin with numerous bony tubercles ; lateral line placed
low. Color silvery gray, with a few spots or streaks of darker hue, most
numerous anteriorly. Giinther (Challenger Report, xxii, 73 to 76) has
in the most painstaking manner broiight together a list of the specimens
taken in the North Atlantic, as far as they are known to science. He
mentions 14 known upon the Scandinavian coasts from 1740 to 1852; 19 on
the British coasts from 1759 to 1884 ; 1 in the Mediterranean (he states,
however, that about i a dozen specimens have been observed in the Medi-
terranean); 1 in the Bermudas; 3 at the Capo of Good Hope; 1 in the
Indian Ocean, and 5 off the coast of New Zealand. He calls attention to

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2597

t ho fact that uf those obaorved on the Ih-itiah and Scandinavian ooastH 4
were observed iu the mouth of January, 5 in February, 8 in March, 2 in
April, 1 in May, 1 in June, 1 iu July, 2 iu August, 1 iuHcpteiuber, and 1 in
Oftober. He also calls iitfuntion to the fact that by far the greater pro-
portion uf their captun , in the Northern Irleniisphere at leaHt, is in the
stormy scas«>u. This aj^rees with what wc know of the capture of TVo-
chifptirua, which likewise seems to be brought to the surface only by great
commotions of the ocean. The popular name of Jicyalecua is oarfish, in allu-
sion to the blade-like expansion of the extremities of the 2 ventral tins.
litujaleoua is also called in the books the " king of the herrings." Strangely
enough, no representative of this genus has been fttuud on the coast of
North America. Giinther is of the opinion that the distribution of tluH
lish iu the depths of the seu is the same as that of Trachypterua. The simi-
larity in their geographical distribution is quite remarkable. (Goode &
liean.) (Eu.) {ghane, fvoiii "Glesnu's,"' a farm at Glcsvrer, near Bergen,
where the typtj of the species was taken.)

Spada mai-ina, Impbhato, Iliat. Nat., G71), 687, 1599, Naples.

Jlnjaleeus ijletne, AsoANius, Icones Iveruiu Nat., ii, \A. 11, ubuai 1788, Glesvser, Norway.

Ophidiuiii i/lesne, AscANius, Nyu Sainl. Vid. Sel«k. Skiivt., ni, 419, 1788.

Itei/aleeua remipcs, liuCNNiCH, Nya Saiul. Vid. Sulsk. Skrlvt., in, 1788, 414, taf. U., figs. 4, 5 ;

Walbaum, Artcdi risciuiii, ui, 047, tub. 3, lig. 4, 1792.
C'epola ijladius, "Waluaum, Artodi PiHciun', ni, 017, 1792.
Oymnetrua hawkenii, ItLOCH, Iclitliyol., xu, 88, 425, 1792.
Oymnetrua grillii, LiNDHOTH, Vet. Akad. Haiidl. 1798, 291, pi. 8.
Oymnetrut a*canii, Shaw, Gen. Zool., iv, 197, 1803 ; after Ascaniua.

Xypterui imperati, RAKiNEStiUE, ludice, 59, 1810 ; after Fcrrauto Tinperato. •

OnmnetmsloiKjiradiatus, Ilissn, Eur. M6rid., ui, 290, 1820, Nice.

ayinnetrus telium, CuviER <fc Valencie.nnks, Hist. Nat. l*oi88.,x, 301, id. 299, 1834, Nice.
Jieyalecus banknii, CuviEii &. Valenciennes, llist. Nat. Toiss., x, 305, 1834, Filey Bay,

Yorkshire.
ihymnetrus capensit, CuviBH &. Valenciennes, Ulst. Nat. roisti., x, 376, 1834, Cape of Good

Hope.
liegalecus glemie, AscAMUS, Icones Itoruni Naturaliuni, 1800, pi. 11; Laceim'cde, lliat.

Nat.Poiss., 11,214, 215, 1800; GoouE \-. IJean, Oceanic Iclitliyology, 480, tig. 395, 1890.
Oyvmetrus remipes, IJloch & Sciineiuek, Syst. Ichtli., 482, tab. 88, 1801 ; Yaeuell, Brit.

Fislios, £d. 2, i, 223, and Ed. 3, u, 301.
Qymnetnis gleme, CuviEit &, Valenciennes, UiHt. Nat. I'oisa., x, 366.
Qyinnetru* gladiu$, CuviEU & Valb.n'CIEN.nes, Hist. Nat. PoiHS., x, 352, pi. 298, 1835.
liegalecut gladius, GCntueb, Cat., in, 308, 1861.

Family OCX VII. TRACHYPTERID.E.
(The King ok the Herkings.)

Body moderately elongate, strongly compressed, naked, the skin smooth
or x^rickly. Lateral line present. Head short; the mouth rather small,
terminal, with feeble teeth ; premaxillaries protractile ; opercles unarmed ;
opercular apparatus abbreviated (the operculum extended downward,
the suboperculum below it, and the interoperculum contracted backward
and bounded behind by the operculum and suboperculum); the cranium
with a myodome and dichost, the supraoccipital continued behind into a
prominence ; the epiotics contiued to the sides and back of the cranium,
and without ribs. Eye large, lateral; brauchiostegals 6; gill membranes

h

i I

i a

1

i; I.

i

2598

Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

ii

Heptiratu, tVeo from the iMthiiiUH; gillH I, ii alitbuhind the fourth. PhoikIo-
hriiuchiii* w«l]-tlovelop«Ml, in ii pom-h formed by a fohl of th«i uiiioouh
mmnliruiio. DorHiil fin HingI*', eztendiu}; from the bead to the tiiil, its
rayH all trchuh'ally HpinoiiH, l)eiiig neither iirtirulatud nor branched, Itiit
all very soft, llexible, and fragile; anal tin wanting; pectorals short;
ventralH thoracic, the rays elongate, loss than I, 5 in number, usually
atrophifd in the adult; caudal fin either rudiiiiontury or clsr divided into
2 parts, the upper and larger fan-shaped, directtnl <>blii|uely upward from
the sb'nder tip of the tail. Hones very soft, the musc^les little coherent.
I'yloiiccn'ca very numerous. Vortebra- in large numlu'r. Deep-sea (ishes,
often of large »ize, found in most warm seas. Their extreme fragility ren-
ders them rare in collections, and the species are little known. One
genus; species about 12. The ribbon-fishes 'ire well known in the East-
ern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and have even been found as far
west as Madeira [and Cuba], Some few representatives have b(>en
found on the west «'oast of South America, and 1 or 2 exauii)les havti been
taken in New Zealand. They are generally admittt^d to be true deep-sea
fishes, which live at viu-y great depths, and are only found when flouting
dead on tho surface or washed ashore by th»i waves. Almost nothing is
kno-wn of their habits except through Nilssou's observations in the Far
North. This naturalist, as well as Olafsen, appears to have had the
opportunity of observing them in life. They say that they approach ihe
shorts at Hood tide on sandy shelving bottoms, and are often loft by the
retreating waves. Nilsson's opinion is that its habits resemble tho8(4 of
the Hat tishes, and that they move with one side turned oblit[uely upward,
the other toward the ground; and he snys that they have been seen on the
bottom in 2 or 3 fathoms of Avater, where the tisherman hook them up
with the implements employed to raise dead seals, and that they are 8lt)W
swimmers. This is not necessarily the case, however, for the removal of
pressure and the rough treatment by which they were probably washed
upon the shore w«»nld be domorali/ing, to say the least. Trichiiirua, a fish
similar in form, is a very stnmg, swift swimmer, and so is lieyalecua.
Whether or not the habits of Trachypterus arcticua, on which these obser-
vations wer«! made, are a safe guide in regard to the other forms is a mat-
ter of some, doubt, but it is certain that thoy live far from th^ surfacoi
except near the Arctic Circh', and that they only come ashore, acciden-
tally. They have novi-r been taken by the deep-sea dredge or trawlnot,
and, indeed, perfect specimens are very rare, the bodies being very soft and
britth', the bones and iiu rays exceedingly fragile. A considerable num-
ber of species have been deseril»ed, but in most instances each was based
upon 1 or 2 specimens. It is i)robable that future studies may be as fruit-
ful as that of Emery, who, by means of a series of 23 spocimens, 8uccecde<l
in uniting at least 3 of the Mediterranean species, which for half a cen-
tury or more had been regard«,'d as distinct. The common species of the:
Eastern Atlantic, Trachyptema atlanticun, is not rare, 1 or more specimens,
according to Giinther, being secured along the coast of northern Europe
after almost every severe gale. Wo desire t«) (luote the recommendation
of Dr. Giinther, and to strongly urge upon any one who may be so fortu-

if

m

Jordan and Evcrmanti. — Fishes of North America. 3599

iiiite iiHto Hccuro 1 of tlioat) t'lHhes, that no utt«>iiipt nhoiihl bu luudt) to kerp
it oiitire, but that it sboultl bo nit into Hhort lenjj^thH and ])i'«>aorve(l in tho
strongest Hpirits, each piece wrapped separately in muHliu. (Goodo &
Bean.)

loii. TRACHYPTERUS, Gonau.

(KiNii Oh' TIIK IlKIlKIN(iS.)

Trachypti'ni», OoUAN, UiHt. roisa., 104, IM, 1770 (trachnptervK).

Hoffmams, Kloch A Schneu)KB, Syst.Iclith., 518, 1801 {itlandietig . arcticut).

Body elongate, roniprossod, ribbon-shaped, tho dorsal tin extending the
entire length of the back. Anal absent; eiwh ventral well develoi>cd, if
present, but sometimes absent. Cau<lal present au<l placed for the inoHt
part above the longitudinal axis of the body. No air bladder. Pyloric
appendages numerous. Ventrals appearing to be absent in some individ-
uals, but Day calls attention to the fact that most of the H])eciniens of
T, arcHcua taken along tho coast of Great Britain had no ventrals. In
tlie very young, as has been shown by Emery, the fin rays comiuenee to
grow when it is about 6 mm. long, and rontinue to lengthen until it Ih
about 24 mm. long, after which a ])artial shortening takes plaet^ Ventrals
very elongate in the young, and the caudal rays much longer than in the
grown fish. Young individuals (from 2 to 4 inehea) are not rarely met
with near the surface; they possess the most extraordinary development
of fin rays observed in the whole class of fishes, some of them being sove-ral
times larger than the body, and provided with lappet-liko dilatations.
There is no doubt that fishes with such delicate appt'udagea are lired and
live in dopths where tho water is absolutely quiet, as a sojourn in tho
disturbed water of the surface would deprive them at once of organs
which must be of some utility for their preservation. (Goode Si, Beau.)
{rpaxv?, rough; nrepov, fin.)

a. Color bright metallic gilvory, a jet-black blotch at base of dorsal; .1 dark spotu on
Hide, 2 smaller ones on bully ; anterinr ])rotllo, snout, and tip of mandible, jut bla<;k ;
caudal and ventral flns carmine red in life. uex-salmonoklm, 2972.

aa. Color shining leaden gray ; no black. tbaciiyurus, 2973.

2072. TBAtHYPTKKUS RKX-SALMONOKUM, Jordan &. Gilbert.
(Kino of the Salmon.)

Head 8^; croaa depth at uapo 8. D.V-170; C.8; V.(>; JMl. Body
long and slender, closely compressed and ribbon-shaped, as usual in the
genus. Head short, deeper than long, the anterior profile steep and
nearly straight to the base of the nuchal crest; dorsal fin bt^ginuiug on
the top of nuchal crest, which is directly over the second third of the
diameter of eye; height of crest slightly more than diameter of eye, the
latter greater than length of snout, and 3 in head". Mouth o])]i(iue ; maxil-
lary rugose and very broad, its width ^ its length; length of lower jaw
greater than length of snout, 2^ in head, its angle under the front of tho
orbit. Opercular bones rugose, entirely covering the gills. Premaxillary
covered with minute and feeble teeth, in addition to which in this speci-
men are 3 canines, 2 ou one side and 1 ou the other, directed very obliquely

!■' '.

. a'^^^^I

■

■ !■ ■ -

■" 't»B

H

V-

■

1 '

riPf

1

:i

li

^^^

ii'f

I j ■■;

It!

:,'i*

9

1
I

2600 DiiUetin ^7, United States National Museum.

backward. On the side having 2 canines, 1 is placed directly behind the
other; lower jaw with 3 strong canines on one side and 2 strong and 1
weak canine on the other, all directed obliquely backward and inward.
Dorsal iins slightly connected at base ; tho filamentous rays of the first
dorsal not quite twice tho length of head; ventrals inserted just below
axil of pectorals, filamentous, about \ longer than head ; pectorals ^ longer
than eye; caudal rays simple to near tip, where is sometimes a single
fork, the longest filamentous rays about 3 times length of head; dorsal fin
much lower than body, longest rays of second dorsal nearly f length of
heiul; a series of spinules along base of dorsal, 1 pair for each ray.
Lateral line well developed, with a series of small inconspicuous plates,
oacb of which has a minute central prickle. Lower part of the body
thickly beset with small spinous tubercles ; rest of the skin naked; rays
of all the fins accompanied by a series of small prickles. Coloration
everj'where bright metallic silvery, an oblong jet-black blotch a little
longer than eye lying close along base of dorsal and beginning 1^ diame-
tr'rs of eye behind eye; 3 larger spots, dusky but not black, lying behind
this along side between lateral line and dorsal fin ; 2 smaller dusky spots
on belly, the one just behind base of ventrals, the other under the second
of the 4 spots of back ; these spots, except the first one mentioned, arc
all diffuse and a little less than twice tho diameter of eye in length and
about twice as long as deep ; anterior profile below crest, including front
of snout vnd tip of mandible, jet-black; caudal and ventral fins carmine
red in life; other fins unmarked. Length 17 inches. This species bears
some resemblance to Trachypterus aliivelia described by Kner from Valpa-
raiso. The latter species has, however, tho nuchal crest much lower and
farther back, the first dorsal and the ventrals much lower, the second dor-
sal fin higher, the skin rougher, the 4 black spots difierent in size and
position from those found in our specimen, and the caudal rays divided
near the base. It is probable that the 3 si)ecimens of Tt-avhyptei'ua men-
tioned in the Synopsis of the Fishes of North America, p. 619, and referred
with doubt to Trachyptirus altivelis, really belong to tho present species.
Four specimens known; 1 from Santa Cruz, California, taken by Dr. C.
L. Anderson; 2 from the Straits of Fuca, taken by Mr. .J. G. Swan, and
the type, obtained by a fisherman (Mr. Knox) in the open sea outside the
bay of San Francisco. According to Mr. Swan the species is known by the
Makah Indians west of the Straits of Fuca as "king of the salmon," and
its destruction is believed to have a baneful infinence oa the salmon fish-
ing. " When the king of the salmon is killed the salmon will cease to
run." {rex., king; salmonorum, of the salmon.)

fTrachyptenig altieelig, Joedan & Gilbkkt, rroc U. S. Nut. Mus. 1881, 52; Jordan &. GiL-
UEKT, Synopsis, 618, 1883, spcciniun from Santa Cruz; not of Kneb.

Trachypterxit rex-ialmonorum, Jordan & Gilbert, Pro*-. Cal Ac. Scl. 1894, 145, pi. 9, open
sea outside Bay of San Francisco. (Type, No. 1382, L. S. Jr. Univ. Coll.Mr.Knox.)

2978. TBACHYPTERLS TItACHYTBUS, Po«y.

D. 82; P. 15; V. 6. Eye 2^^ in head, high, as long as snout. Mouth
almost vertical. Rones of head thin a» p-is-per. Lateral line a little con-
cave on the middle of trunk. No scales ; pectorals small ; ventrals behind

C i ■

iil

1

1.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2001

pectorals, very long, reaching past vent, which is at second third of length,
including caudal ; dorsal almost as high as body, without plume in front.
Vertebrai 36 -j- 18. Shining leaden gray, a silvery band produced by the
vertebral column showing through. Cuba. (I'oey); not seen by us.
(r/jtr^t)?, rough; ovpd, tail.)
Traehypteruii traehyurus, Poey, Memorias, ii, 420, 18S1, Cuba.

Family CCXVIII. STYLEPHORID^.

Body elongate, compressed, ribbcm-shaped ; the dorsal extending from
head nearly to end of tail ; tail terminating in an exceedingly long, cord-
like appendage, about twice as long as head. Anal absent; ventrals
absent; caudal erected upward, having its rays connected by a rather
firm membrane. Snout produced; mouth small, toothless; maxillary
bones small, short, hidden behind premaxillaries ; mandible long, extend-
ing far behind the eye. Eye large, turned forward ; suborbital very large,
covering nearly the whole of cheek and extending backward behind eye.
Opercles small. Gill openings wide ; gills 4. Vent premedian. Branchi-
ostegals 4. (Goode & Bean.) This family is based on a single specimen
obtained in the West Indies in 1790 and preserved in the British Museum.
The relations of the fish are uncertain, and it may not belong to the Tivni-
oaomi. Its nearest relations are, however, apparently with Trachytertts.
(Stylephoridce, SwAiNSON, Nat. Hist. Class'n Fishes, n, 47, 1839.)

IOI2. STYLEPHORUS, Shaw.
Stylephorus, Shaw, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lontl., i, 179] , 90 (chordatttt).

Characters of the genus included above. (drvXoSf a style or projecting
part ; <l»ofi£oa, to bear. ;

S974. STYLEPHOBVS CHOBOATUS, Shaw.

H»'ad6; depths. D. 110; C.6; P. 13; B. 4. Snout produced, subcylin-
drical ; mouth small and toothless ; maxillary bones small, short, and hid-
den behind the intermaxillaries ; mandible long, extending far behind eye ;
eyes large, close together, directed forward toward snout; suborbital very
large, covering nearly the whole of cheek, and extending backward behind
eye; opercles small ; gill openings very wide ; gills 4. Vent situated before
middle of total length; pectorals pointed, directed upward, about ^ as
long as head; dorsal extending from head nearly to end of tail; caudal
directed upward, and having its rays connected by a rather firm mem-
brane, the tail terminating in a narrow baud-like appendage about twice
iis long as body. Color uniform silvery. (Giinther.) This remarkable
form is known only from a single specimen, 11 inches long, with the
caudal appendage 22 inches in length, which was taken in the Atlantic,
between Cuba and Martinique, about the year 1790, and is now in the
British Museum. It is undoubtedly an inhabitant of great depths.
(Goode & Bean.) {chordatus, with a chord; from xopSrj, string.)

Stylephorut chcdatun, Shaw, Trans. Liun. Soc. Loudon, i, 1701, 90, pi. 6, between Cuba
and Martinique; Shaw, Zool., iv, 87; Shaw, Naturalists' Miscellany, vni, pi. 274;
Blainvillb, Jouru. Phys., lxxxvh, 00, pi. 1, ttg. l -, Cuviku &. Valknciknnks, Hist. Nat.
Poiss., X, 381 GCnther, Cat., nt, 300, 1861 ; Goods &. Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 482,
pi. 60, tigs. 39j and 394, 1896.
3030 80

!;

m

^
-]*'

2602 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

Suborder HETEROSOMATA.
(The Flatfishes.)

"Criuiiiim posteriorly normal; anteriorly with twisted vertex, to allow
2 orbits on the same Hide, or 1 vertical and 1 lateral; basis cranii not
quite simple. Dorsal fin long, of jointed rays; superior pharyngeals 4,
the third longewt, much «;xtended forward, the inferior separate.'' (Cope.)
This suborder includes the 2 families, Pleuronvctidw and Soleidw. Its near-
est relationship is probably with the Gadidw, although th<» developed
pseudobranchiie and the thoracic ventral fins, indicate an early diilerentia-
tioii from the anacanthine fishes. In the very young fishes the 2 sides of
the body are alike and the eyes are 1 on each side, with normal cranium.
{'^rspoc, different; 6(bna, body.) {Anacanthini plvuronectoideif Giinther,
Cat., IV, 399, 504.)

'. FAMn.IES OF HETEROSOMATA.

a. Proopcrcular margin iiioro or le.ss distinct, not hidden by the skin and scales of thu
head ; eyes large, well separated ; month moderate or large ; teeth present.

I'LEUKONECTIDiE, CCXIX.

aa. Preoperciilar margin adnate, hidden by the skin and scales of the head ; ej'es small,
close toi^ether ; mouth very small, much twisted ; teeth rudimentary or wanting.

SOLEIUJi, ccxx.

Family CCXIX. PLEURONECTID^.*

(The Flounueks.)

Body strongly compressed, oval or elliptical in outline; head unsyn)-
metrical, the cranium twisted, both eyes being on the same aide of
the body, which is horizontal in life, the eyed side being uppermost and
colored, the blind side lowermost and usually plain. In the very young
fish the bones of the head are symmetrical, 1 eye on each side, and the
body is vertical in the water. In most species the cranium becomes
twisted, bringing the upper eye over with it. Eyes large, well separated.
Mouth small or large, the dentition various, the teeth always present;
premaxillaries protractile; no supplemental maxillary bone; paeudo-
branchia' present. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; lower pharyngeals
separate; no air bladder; preopercle with its margin usually distinct, not
wholly adnate or hidden by the skin of the head ; vent not far behind head,
the viscera confined to the anterior part of the body. Scales various,
rarely absent, usually small. Lateral line usually present, extending on
the caudal fin, sometimes duplicated «)r wanting. Dorsal fin long, con-
tinuous, of soft rays «>nly, beginning on the head; anal similar, shorter;
caudal various, sometimes coalescent with dorsal and anal; pectorals
in8«^rted rather high, rarely wanting; veutrals under the pectorals, usu-
ally of several soft rays, one of them sometimes wanting. Fishes mostly
caruivorons, inhabiting sandy bottoms in all seas, some species ascending
rivers. Many of them are important foo<l-fishes. Genera about 55 ; species

•- i

* For complete synonymy and descriptions of the American species of this family of
fishes see "A review of tlie flounders and soles {Pleuronectidae) of America and Europe,"
by David Stnrr Jordan and David Kop Goss, iu Report United States Fish Comm. fur 1880,
225-342, pis. 1 to 9, first published in 1880.

■"^.'■■"■"■■'^i^'rTv":""^

Jordan and Evemtan7i. — Fishes of North America. 2603

nearly 500. The group "Jiibroniidw" recently recognized by some of the
Italian ichthyologistH as a Heparate family CJiibronidl"), is composed
entirely of larval forms in the vn.ly stages of their development. In this
condition the eyes are symmetrical and the body tranHlucent. Several
generic names have been given to these pecnliar forms {Peloria, liihronia,
Coccolus, Charybdia, Baacaniua, Delothijris), but, of course, the.se genera
can have no permanent place in the system. Feloria has been shown by
Dr. Emery to be the young of Platophrya. The others seem to belong to
the Cynoylo88iniv or to some allied group, but Ave are not yet certain as to
the correct identification of any of them. We recognize among the I'leuro-
nectidw 6 subfamilies — Hippoglosaina; Paettina', Samarinw, Pleuronectina;
Oncopterinw, and Pelecaiiichthyinw. These subfamilies are natural groups
and are in most cases easily distinguished, althoiigh some few aberrant
genera exist, which serve as links joining one group to another. Thus
hopaetta of the Pleuronectina' is certainly a near ally of Paettichthya, which
is as certainly a genuine member of the Uippoyloaainw. The HippogloaaincB
and the Pleuronectina; are largely arctic in their distribution, few of the
former group and none of the latter extending into the Tropics. The
Oncopterinuf seem to take the place of the Pleuronectilfa- in antarctic waters,
but the species of this group are few in number. The Paettina^ and the
soles are, on the other hand, essentially warm- water fishes, their represent-
atives in the north being comparatively few. The Samariniv are few in
number and belong to the East Indian fauna, and the single species of
Pelecanichthyinw belongs to the bassalian fauna of the Pacific. As the
tropical Ilippogloaainw and all the Paettinw are sinistral species, the eyes
and color being on the left, side of the body, it follows that the tropical
flounders are nearly all lefc-sided species, while those of arctic and ant-
arctic waters are chiefly dextral species, the eyes and color on the right.
The Ilippogloaainw are the most generalized of the flatfishes. From the
northern representatives of this group, the 'lies of Hippogloaaoidva, the
Fleuroneetinw, are certainly descended. " .i,ime are apparently

derived from ancestors of the type of ParaltLnhya. The soles show closest
affinities with the Paettina; from ancestors of which gi'cup they have
become degraded. Very remarkable ia the relation between the ur aber
of vertebra* and the geographical distribution of the various species. It
has been already noticed by Dr. Gill, Dr. Giinther and others that in some
groups of fishes northern rejuesentatives have the number of vertebrse
increased. In no group is this more striking than in the flounders, as the
following table, showing the numbers of the vertebral in various species,
will clearly she The numbers inclosed in brackets are copied from Dr.
GUnther; the oticrs represent our own count of specimens.

Numbira of rertebra' injtonndera.

I. — HlPPO(iLOS8IN.K.

HippogloRBUS hippoglossiis 16 -f 34 = 50

Atheresthes stomias 12 -j- 37 =^^ 49

UippoglosBoides platossoides 13 -f 32 = 45

Lyopsetta exilis 11 -f- 34 1= 45

fibpsetta jordaui 11-f 32= 43

'-i'i' ''

r

I ^:^

M

: I

4;:

p *'''

li.l

f

2604 Bulletin ^.y , United States National Museum.

I'settichthys mclanoatictus 11-f 29= 40

I'aralichtbys oblongus ll-|-30= 41

L'aralichthys dentatus 10 -(-30= 40

Paraliclithys lethostigmus 10 -}- 27 = 37

Paralichthys albiftuttus 10-j-27= 37

I'aralichthys cnliforniciis 10-}- 25= 35

Xystrourys liolcpis 12-j-25:= 37

Aucylopsctta (xuadrocellata 9 4~ 26 = 35

II. — Pleuronectin.k.

Glyptocephalus zachirus 13-t-52= 65

(jilyptocephaliia cynoj^lossus [58]

Microstomas pacificuH v 12 -{-40= 52

Microstomus kitt [13-|-35= 48]

Parophiys vetulus 11 -j- 33 = 44

rieuronectes platessa [14-j-29= 43]

Isopsetta isolepis 10-f-32= 42

Lepidopsetta bilineata 11-)- 29= 40

Linianda limanda [40]

Liopsotta glacialis 13 -f 27 = 40

Pleuroniifbthys deciirrens 14 -j- 26 = 40

Pleuronicbthys verticalis 13 -j- 25 = 38

Flesiisglaber .• 11-1-26= 37

FlcsnsUcsus [12-|-24= 36]

Pseudopleuroncctea americanus 10 -f 26 = 36

Hvpsopsctta guttulata ll-j-24=: 35

Platichtbys stellatus 12-t-23= 35

III. — PSETTIN.E.

Monnlene sessilioauda [43]

Lepidorbonibus whiflF-iagoiiis [ll-|-30=: 41]

Citbarichtbys Bordidus 11-f 39= 40

Platopbrys lunatus 9-f30= 39

Arnoglossns laterna 10 -j- 28 = 38

Arnogiossns grobtnauni 10 4-28= 38

Zengoptcnis punctatus [12-f-25= 37]

Pbitophrys ocellatus 10-f 27= 37

Lopbopsetta iiiaculata 11 -j- 25 ^ 36

Botbus rboinbus 12 -{- 24 = 36

Syaciuin papillosum 11-1-25=: 36

Citharicbthys arctifrous 10-f26= 36

Syacium inicrurum 10 -j- 25 = 35

I'brynorbombus regius 10 -j- 25 == 35

Citbaricbthys 8pib)ptorii8 10-f- 24= 34

Citbarichtbys macrops 10 -f- 24 = 34

Etropus mi«'ro8tomii8 10 -|- 24 =: 34

Etropus crossotiis 10 -f 24 =: 34

Azevia pauauionsis 33

Psetta maxima 12-|-19= 31

Tbo subdivision of tbe flounders into genera leaves room for considerable
variety of opinion. Most of tbe species are well detined and easily recog-
nized, but tbey do not fall readily into generic groups unless we regard
almost every Avell-markcd species as tbe type of a distinct genus. A natu-
ral result of an attempt it sbarply defining tbe genera is to reach what
seems an extreme degree of generic subdivision. On the other hand, at-
tempts to unite those smaller groups to form larger ones often leave those
larger ones at once unnatural aud ill-dofiued.

f<*^^

Jordan and Evermann . — Fishes of North A merica . 2605

It will probably appear to some that the process of generic subdivision
has been in this paper carried too far. It is possible that this is true, but
the arrangement which we have adopted seems to bring out the relations
of the different forms better than can bo done by a more conservative view
of the genera. ( PJeMronectidtB, Giinther, Cat., iv, 1862.)

Subfamilies of Fleuronectidje.

A. Ventral fins symmetrical, similar in position and in form of bane, the ventral of the

colored side not extended along the ridge of the ubdonien.

a. Mouth nearly symmetrical, the dentition nearly eqnally developed on both sides,

the gape usually but not always wide. (Halibut tribtt.) Hippgolossin;!!:, i.

axi. Mouth nnsymmetrical, the jaws on the eyed side with nearly straight outline,

the bones on the blind side strongly cnrved; teeth chiefly on the blind side.

h. Eyes and color on the right side (with occasional exceptions). (Flounder

tribe.) Pi.eukonectin;k, ii.

AA. Ventral flns nnsymmetrical, dissimilar in position and usually also in form, the

ventral fin of the eyed side being extended along the ridge of the abdomen.

Eyes and color on the left side. (Turbot tribe.) Psbttin.«, hi.

Analysis of Genera.

I. HIPPOGLOSSINyE.

(Halibut Tribe.)

Largc-mouthcd flounders -with the ventral flns symmetrical. — Month sym-
metrical, tho jaws and the dentition nearly equally developed on both
sides; gape usually wide, the maxillary more than i length of head.
Lower pharyngeals narrow, usually with but 1 or 2 rows of sharp teeth ;
teeth in jaws usually acute. Eyes large; edge of preoporclo free. Pec-
toral Jiud ventral tins well developed, the ventral fins similar in position and
in form of base, the ventral fin of tho eyed side not being attached along
the ridge of the abdomen. Septum of gill cavity without foramen.

a. Vertebral and fin rays much increased in number (the vertebras about 50 ; dorsal raya
about 100, anal rnys about 85) ; body comparatively elongate; caudal liu lunate;
lateral lino simple; anal spine mostly obsolete. Dextral specicH, arctic in dis-
tribution. (Genera allied to Ilippoglvssus.)
b. Large teeth in both Jaws arrow-shaped, biserial, some of them depressible;
upper eye with vertical range ; gill rakers short; scales deciduous, ciliated;
lateral line without arch; flesh soft. Vertebra) (in A, stomias) 12 f- 37 — 49.

Athekestiies, 101:i.
bb. Large teeth not arrow-shaped, biserial above, unisorial l)elow ; scales very small,
cy(;loid; gill rakers long and slender ; eyes strictly lateral.
c. Lateral line without anterior arch; lower pharyngeal teeth unisorial.

RKINIIARDTirS, 1014.

ec. Lateral line with an anterior arch; lower pharyngeal teeth biserial; ver-
tebra) (in J[. hippuglotsut) 16 -f IM— 50. IIu'PoaLO.s8r8, 1015.
aa. Vertebra) and lin rays in moditrate number (vertebra) less than 46; dorsal rays
fewer than 05; anal rays fewer than 75) ; caudal fin double truncate or rounded,
tho median rays longest.
d. Lateral line without distinct anterior arch ; vertebra) 40 to 46 ; body normally
dextral;* caudal peduncle distinct; scales (!iliat^>d; anal spine imiially
strong. Species of subarctic distribution. (Genera allied to Hippoijlos-
toideii.)

* Fr(>(iuently sinistral in ItippoijloMoideH rlnstodon.

§m

i f

i I

m s

1 1

ii. .

J I

2600 Bulletin ^7, United States Natio?ial Muscnm.

f. Lateral line simple, without accessory dorsal branch ; teeth sharp, those
of lower jaw uuiserial; dorsal beginning above eye.
/. Teeth in the upper jaw biserial.

g. Scales comparatively large, thin, and deciduous; lateral line 70;
body slender, the flesh soft ; vertebra) (in L. exilit) 11 + 34 = 45.

Lyopsetta, 1016.
gg. Scales small and adherent; lateral lino 96; body robust, tlie
flesh Ann; vertebra) (in E, jordani) 11 + 32 =-=43.

EOPSETTA, 1017.

ff. Teeth in the upper jaw uniserial; scales small and flesh Arm; vorto-

bru) (in II. platessoides) 13 |- 32 = 45. niPPOOLOSSoiDEB, 1018.

ee. Latoral lino with an accessory dorsal branch ; scales small, firm, ctenoid ;

dorsal fln beginning before the eye ; teeth sharp, unequal, some of them

canine-like; mouth not largo ; lower pharyngeal teeth sharp, uniserial;

vertebra) (in P. melanostieUig) 11 + 29 = 40. Psettichthys, 1019.

dd. Latoral line with an arch in front ; no accessory branch ; vertebrsB in smaller
number (35 to 41) ; anal spine usually obsolete ; body normally sinistral.
(Species chiefly of the temperate or 8ul)tropical seas, none of them Arctic
and nono European.) (Genera allied to Paralichthyi.)
h. Dorual fin beginning above the pupil; teeth rather small; no canines;
body indiflbrcntly dextral or sinistral (in some species at least).
i. Scales ctenoid.

j. Teeth in upper jaw in 2 series ; gill rakers broad.

Verasper, 1020.
jj. Teeth all uniserial ; gill rakers slender. IIippoolossina, 1021.
it. Scales cycloid ; teeth uniserial ; gill rakora short and thick.

k. Teeth small, pointed, equal. LiooLOSsiNA, 1022.

Ick. Teeth unequal, blunt, conical ; caudal fln snbsessile, the cau-
dal peduncle extremely short ; skin of shoulder girdle with
patclies of cup-shaped scales ; vertebrae (in X liolepis) 12 -f

25 — 37. XY8TBEURYS, 1023.

Iih. Dorsal fln l)eginningin advance of eye ; teeth sharp, uniserial or smooth.

I. Scales weakly ciliated; caudal fin witli a distinct peduncle; month

largo; teeth unequal, some of the anterior canine like; gill
rakers rather long and slender; no dorsal lobe nor produced
ventral rays ; vertebra) 35 to 41. rABAUCHTliYS, 1024.

II. Scales very strongly ctenoid on both aides of body ; mouth smallish,

witli small, sharp teeth; anterior rays of dorsal more or less
oxsorted, thus forming a more or less distinct lobe ; gill mem-
branes considerably united ; gill rakers short and broad ; cau-
dal peduncle short; left ventral produced; vertebrte (in A.
qvadrocellata) 9 -|- 26 — 35.
m. Lateral line with its tubes much branched, covering parts
of contiguous scales; dorsal lobe htw; loft ventral much
produced. Kamulauia, 1025.

mm. Lateral line with its tubes simple, not branched.

n. Body broad, ovate, the deptli more than i length ; dorsal
lobe and left ventral moderately produced.

ANCYI.OP8ETTA, 1026.

nn. !no<ly elliptical, the depth not more than ( length; dor-
sal lobe and loft ventral greatly produced.

NOTOSEHA, 1027.

III. Scales entirely smooth ; caudal peduncle sliort; mouth small ; gill

rakers short and tliick; dorsal witli an anterior lolie; loft
ventral elongate. (Jastbopsktta, 1028

\i: :

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2fi07

II.— PLEURONECTIN^.

(Flounder Tribe.)

Month small, unsymmetricnl, the Jaws on the eyed Hide with nearly
Btr.iight outline, the bonus on the blind side strongly rarved; dentition
chiefly developed on the blind side ; eyes large ; edge of preoporclo not
hidden by the sciiles; pectoral fins well developed; vertical fiuH well
separated; ventral fins nearly or quite symmetrical, that of tho eyed side
not pndonged along the ridge of tho abdomen; anal spine usually strong
(obsolete in Microatonma and Emhaasichthya). Body doxtral (except fre-
quently in Platichthya atellatua). Species arctic or subarctic in distribution.

a. VortobrsD in moderate number, from 10 + 26=36 to U-|-33r=44; dorsal rays 66 to
80 ; anal rays 45 to 60.
b. Teeth small, acute, in several series; lateral line nearly straight, with an acces-
sory dorsal branch ; lower pharyngeals narrow, with small biserial teeth ;
scales cycloid.
c. Lips thick, each witli several longitudinal folds; dorsal fln beginning on
the blind side; vertebra} 38 to 40. Pleuronichthys, 1029.

CO. Lips simple; dorsal iiu beginning on tho median lino; vertobrie (in Il.gvt-
tulata) 11 + 24 = 35. Hvpsopsetta, 1030.

bb. Teeth chiefly uniserial, all more or less blunt, conical or incisor-like.
d. Lat«ral lino with an accessory dorsal branch.
e. Lateral line without distinct arch in front.
/. Teeth compressed, incisor-like, close set.

g. Scales closely imbricatiul, mostly cycloid; upper eye on
median lino; vertebra; (in P.vehilut) U | 33 — 44.

Pabophkys, 1031.
g(f. Scales scarcely imbricated, all very strongly ctenoid ; eyes
both lateral. Inopsetta, 1032.

/. Teeth (conical, separated, not incisor-like ; scales closely imbri-
cated, all strongly ctenoid; mouth comparativctly large (a])-
proaching that of Psettichthys) ; vertebra) (in /. isolepig) 10+
32 — 42. ISOP.SETTA, 1033.

ee. Lateral lino with a distinct arch in front; scales imbricated, rough-
ctenoid; vertebra) (in L. bilineata) 11 + 29 — 40.

Lepidopsetta, 1034.
dd. Lateral line without accessory dorsal branch.

h. Lateral line with a distinct arch in front; scales imltricated, rough-
ctenoid ; vertebric (in L. limanda) about 40. Lihanda, 1035.
hh. Lat«ral lino without distinct arch in front.

i. Scales regularly imbricate, all (on eyed side^ ctenoid in both
sexes ; no stellate tubercles on head nor on bases of dorsal
and anal flns; teeth, incisor-like, close set; lower pharyn-
geals very narrow, each with 2 rows of separate, conical
teeth ; fln rays scaly. PsEunoPLEURONEcTES, 1036.

tt. Scales imperfectly imbricated, or else not all ctenoid.

j. Scales chiefly cycloid in both sexes; lower pharyngeals

small and narrow, separate, oiicli with about 1 row of

small, bluntish teeth; teeth incisor-like, close set,

forming a cutting edge; no stellate scales at base of

dorsal and anal. Pleuronectes, 1037.

jj. Scales rough-ctenoid in the male, more or less cycloid in

tho female (fln rays scaly in tho male, naked in tho

female) ; lower pharyngeals very large, more or less

• united in tho adult, their surface somewhat concave,

tho teeth in 5 or 6 rows, large, blunt, close set ; teeth
in jaws in<'.isor-like ; fin rays of dorsal and anal with-
out tubercles at base. Liupsbtta, 1038.

"*'.■; .

|f

m

¥"^

■hi:

in

2608 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum,

i !

J[jf;. SoaloH all in both sexes and on both sides of tiie body
ropresented by coarse scattered stullate tubercles;
similar tubercles between bases of dorsal and anal
rays; lateral line without Hcales; lower pharyngeals
broad, each with 3 rows of blnnt, coarse teeth;
teeth incisor-like. Platiohthys, 1039.

art. Vert«l)riB in increased number (varying from 13 + 35 = 48 t« 13+62 — 66); dorsal
rays iM) to 120; anal rays 70 to 100; teeth broad, incisor-like; scales small, all
cycloid. (Genera allied to OlyjUoeephalua.)
k. Left side of Hkull normal; anal spine obsolete ; vertebra? 48 to 52.
{. Body elongate, the depth 2^ to 3 in length ; vertebra) 48 to 52.

MiCROSTOMUS, 1040.

II. Body stouter, the depth 2 to 2^ in length; vertebra) more nunieroufi,

about 63. Khbassichthys, 1041.

kk. Left side of skull with largo mucous cavities; anal spine strong; vertebra)

58 to 65. Glyptockphalur, 1042.

'^^.

III.— PSETTIN^.

(TuRBOT Tribe.)

Larffe-moulhed flounders, with the ventral fins unsymmctrical. — Mouth sym-
metrical, the dentition nearly equally developed on both sides ; gape usually
wide (narrow in Platophrys, Etropua, etc.), the maxillary commonly more
than i length of head; lower pharyngeals narrow, each with one or more
rows or a narrow band of small, sharp teeth; teeth in jaws acute; eyes
not minute; pectorals and ventrals usually well developed; edge of pr«*-
opercle free; ventral fins dissimilar in form or in position, that of the left
or eyed side inserted on the ridge of the abdomen, its base extended along
this ridge, its rays more or less wide .apart ; caudal fin rounded or subtrun-
cate; no accessory lateral line; anal spine usually we.ik or obsolete; a
pelvic spine sometimes developed ; vertebrie in moderate or small number,
31 to 45. Body sinistral. Species chieily tropical or subtropical in dis-
tribution.

a. Pectoral iin of both sides present; septum of gill cavity below gill arches without

foramen ; a deep eraarginatioii near the isthmus ; ventral flns free from anal.

b. Vomer with teeth; lat«ra1 line with a strong arch in front; teeth subequal, in

villiform bands; body broadly ovate; caudal fin subscssile; interorbitui ar<>a

broad; scales small, cycloid; gill rakers long and slender; anterior dorsal

rays produced ; vcrtebrin 36. Lophopsetta, 1043.

bb. Vomer toothless; ventral Una free from anal; caudal fln subaossile.

e. Lateral lino with a distinct arch in front; tooth small, uniserial, or imper-
fectly biserial.
d. Intororbital space more or loss broad, deeply concave, at least in the
males; form broad ovate; gill rakers short and thick.
f. S<;ales small, ctenoid, adherent, 75 to 100 or more; anterior rays of
dorsal not elevated ; pectoral of loft side usually tilamentous
in the male ; vertcbrro (in J'. Innattu) 9 -\- 30=39.

Platophrys, 1044.
fe. Scales moderate, 60 to 70 ; anterior rays of dorsal greatly pro-
duced ; no lateral line on blind side. Perishias, 1045.
dd. Intororbital space a narrow ridge ; dorsal not elevated in front.

/'. Gill rakers obsolete ; interorbital area armed with a spine ; svales
rough. Enqyophbys, 1046.

//. Gill rakers slender; right ventral elongate; scales ctenoid.

Tbichopsbtta, 1047.

tl ,
ii

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2609

ee. Lateral line without arch in front.

y. Teeth in u])per jaw bisorial, in the lower uniaerial, the front teeth of

upper jaw enlarged ; vertebra) 35 or 36 ; gill rakerH Hliort ; iuteror-

bital space broad in the male. Syacidh, 1048.

gg. Toeth in eacli jaw iiniflerial; interorbital Hpace very narrow, the

ridges coalescing between the eyes.

h. Mouth not very nniall, the maxillary more than \ length of head.

i. Gill rakers very short and thick, tnborcle-liko.

j. Scales cycloid, small, and firm. C7ci.opsbtta, 1049.

jj. Scales small, iirm, ctenoid. Azevia, 1050.

ii. Gill rakers slender, of moderate length ; scales thin, decid-
uous, ciliated; vertebrin 34 to 40. CiTHARICHTHYS, lost.
hh. Mouth very small, the teeth subequal, the maxillary less than
\ length of head; scales thin; teeth uniserial; vertebra)
9 + 25 = 34. Etropus, 1052.

aa. Pectoral fin of blind side wanting; eyes very close together ; caudal fln subsossile ;
teeth small, uniserial; mouth moderate; lateral line of eyed side arched, that
of right side nearly straight; dorsal flu beginning on snout, its anterior rays
not exserted, its t 3 all simple and very numerous ; gill rakers few and feeble;
scales small; bov^; Min, very elongate; vertebra) (in M, MesHlicanda) 43; (deep-
sea flounders) . Monolene, 1053.

,1 :\

1013. ATHERESTHES, Jordan & Gilbert.

. .':i!--,

Atheresthet, Jordan &. Gilbert, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 51 (itomiat).

Eyes and color on the right wide. Body very long and slender, closely
compressed, tapering into a long and slender caudal peduncle; head
elongat«i, narrow; mouth extremely large, oblique; the long and narrow
niaxilliiry extending beyond the eye; each Jaw with 2 irregular series of
sliarp, unequal, arrow-shaped teeth, some of them long and wide set, and
others short and close set, sharp; the long teeth freely depressible. (lill
rakers numerous, long, slender, and stiiF, strongly dentate within. Scales
rather large, thin and r«sidlly deciduous, slightly ciliated, those on the
blind side similar, smooth; lateral line without arch. Fins low and
fragile; dorsal commencing over the eye, its anterior rays low, the pos-
terior rays somewhat forked ; no anal spine ; pectorals and vtmtrals small,
both of the latter lateral ; caudal lunate. The single species which con-
stitutes this genus is one of the most remarkable of the Hounders. Of all
the group, it approaches in form and general characters most nearly to the
Gadoid fishes, from ancestors of which we may presume the flounders to
be descended, although Dr. Gill has suggested the possibility of their
descent from Trachypteroid fishes. (dOi'jfj, the beard or spike of an ear
of corn; tdOi'oj, to eat; from the arrow-shaped teeth. )

2075. ATHKKKMTIIES STOMIAK (Jordan & Gilbert).

(The Arkow-toothkt) Hauhtjt.)

Head about 33 in length; depth 3^; eye large, 4f in head. D. 103; A.
86; scales 135; vertebras 12 + 37 = 49. Head long, the snout protruding,
somewhat truncate at tip ; mouth excessively large ; the maxillary more
than i length of head, and reaching behind eye ; premaxillary in front
above the level (»f the lower eye; teeth in upper jaw anteriorly in a single

vi .:,

f

„-,«

li,

^p

s

'1

1:1

i

w

i

I

1

2610 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

series, long, slender, and wide set, mnch smaller and closer S€it behind ; on
sides of jaw the teeth are very small and iu 2 distinct series, the inner of
which corresponds to the single series in front, the teeth thus gradually
increasing in size forward; teeth in inner series of lower jaw very sharp
and slender^ longer than tho upper teeth, wide net, alternating with
shorter, depressed toeth ; outside of these larger teeth is a series of fixed
small teeth; all of the long teeth in both jaws depressible and conspicu-
ously arrow-shaped toward their tips; iuner series of small teeth in upper
jaw a'so arrow-shaped, depressible ; interorbital space scaly, ridged, not
a thitd width of eye. Gill rakers long and strong, about 4 -{- 13 in number,
the longest more than | diameter of eye. Upper eye with its range entirely
vertical. Scales extremely thin, irregular in size, not evenly imbricated ;
lateral line very prominent. Dorsal fin beginning just behind the middle
of the eye; caudal peduncle nearly as long as the pectoral fin, about ij
length of head. Plain olive brown, the margins of the scales darker;
blind side dusted with black points. Length 2 feet. Bering Sea to San
Francisco, common northward; not rare in deep water off San Francisco,
and is brought in in considerable numbers from the sweep-nets (parrati-
selle) used in Drakes Bay. At Unalaska it occurs commonly in shallow
water. In the north the flesh is firmer and the coloration more pro-
nounced. Dr. Gilbert dredged it in abundance on both sides of tho
peninsula of Alaska and in Bristol Bay, in 32 to 406 fathoms. Mr. Scofield
found it abundant in Chignik Bay, and it was taken by us in 1897 at Unga
and Karluk. (dro/itiai, large mouthed.)

Plalytomatiehthys ttomias, Jordan & Gn.HEnT, P- ■. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1880, 51, 301, San

Francisco. (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert.)
Atheretthes slomias, JoHiiAN &■ Gn.BKRT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mna. 1880, 57, 454 ; Bban, Proc. TT.

S. Nat. Mu8. 1881, 242; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mna. 1881,66; Jordan &

Gilbert, Synopsis, 820, 1883 ; Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 354 ; Jordan, Nat. Hist.

Aquat. Anim., 188, pi. 53, 1884 ; Jordan & Goss, Iloview Eloundors and Soles, 236, pi. 1,

1889; Gilbert, Itept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 459.

1014. REINHARDTIUS, Gill.

Jfeinhardtiut, Gill, Cat. Fishes East Coast N. A., 50, 1861 (hippofflongnides; no descrip-
tion).

J'latytomatichthys, Blbbker, Comptos Rendus, Ac. Sci. Amsterdam, xui, 1802, 426 (pUi-
guis = hippogloMoidet).

Reinhardtiug, Gill, Proc. Ao. Nat. Sci. Fhila. 1864, 218 (hippoglossoidei).

«
Eyes and color on right side. Body more or loss elongate, compressed ;

head long and large; mouth large; maxillary reaching beyond eye; jaws
with strong, unecjual teeth, the upper with 2 series in front, these con-
verging behind ; lower jaw with a single series of strong, distant teeth;
no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill rakers few, short, stout, and rough.
Fins rather low; caudal fin lunate. Lower pharyngeal teeth in 1 row.
Scales small, cycloid; lateral line without anterior curve. One species
known, an arctic fish, in some degree intermediate between the true halibut
and Atheri'sthes. (Named for Prof. Johann Reinhardt, of the University of
Copenhagen, an able investigator of the fishes of Greenland.)

I' 1

* I

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2611

nibut
of

2070. BEIMIARDTIUK HIPPOOLOSKOIDES (Wulbaiiui).
(Greenland IIaliuut.)
Head Z\ in longth; depth neurly 3. 1). 100; A, 75; scales 160; orhit 8
in head; suont about 3j, mure than twice aa long a» orbit; eyes even in
front; interorbital space flat, scaly, wider than the orliit; lower jaw
prominent ; length of maxillary 2\ in head ; toeth conical, pointed; upper
Jaw with 2 series, convergent posteriorly, those of the outer series gradu-
ally smaller posteriorly; a pair of strong canine teeth anteriorly in the
inner series, the other teeth of this series being very small; lower jaw
with a series of strong, distant teeth. Gill rakers short, thick, and strongly
dentate. Fins naked. LongoHt dorsal rays i length of head; no anal
spine; dorsal and anal rays all simple, the dorsal beginning over posterior
third of the eye. Scales very small, not ciliated. Yellowish brown.
Reaching a very large size. Arctic parts of the Atlantic, south to Finlan<l
and the Grand Banks ; not very common. (Eu.) (/;r«'d;'A(i3(j(jo5, halibut;
tx8o<i, resemblance.)
Pleuronectet cynoglottus, FAnRicics, Fauna Gr(rnlan(lica, 163, 1780, Greenland ; not of

LiNNjEUS.

Pleuronectet hippoglosioidet, Walbacm, ArtwU Pinciunt, lir>, 1792 ; baaed on FAiiKuius.

Phuroneetes pinguis, Fabricids, Zoologiske Bidrag., 43, 1824, Greenland.

Ihppoglostus grcenlaiidicut, GCnther, Cat., iv, 404, 1802, Greenland.

Reinhardtiua hippoglossoidet, Gill, Cat. Fishes Bast Coast N. A., 50, 18C1 ; friLL, Proc. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1864, 218.

VlatytomatiehthyshippogloBsoideg, Goode <fc Bean, Hull. Essex In^t., ii, 7, 1879; Collett,
Norske Nord-Havs Exped., 142, 1880; Jordan it (Jiliikrt, Synopsis, 819, 1883; (Jodde,
Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 197, pi. 56, 1884;'.Iordan & Goss, lieviow Flounders and
Soles, 237, pKli, 1889; and of late American writers ^^onerally.

nippoglo8Su$ pinguu, Ueinhardt, Kgl. Dansk. Yidonsk. Solsk., 116, 1838.

Platyiomatiehthys pingvis, Bleekek, I. c, 426, 1862.

1015. HIPPOGLOSSUS, Cuvi.r.
(Halibut.)

Uippoglosg^u, CuviER, Rf-gne Animal, Ed. 1, n, 221, 1817 (hippogh)ssiig).

Eyes and color on the right side. Form oblong, not strongly compressed.
Mouth wide, oblique; teeth in the upper jaw in 2 series, those below in 1;
anterior toeth in upper jaw, and lateral teeth in lower, strong; no teeth on
vomer or palatines ; lower pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows. Dorsal fin begin-
ning above the eye, its middle rays elevated, the posterior rays of dorsal
and anal bifid; caudal fin lunate; ventral fins both lateral. Scales very
small, oycloid; lateral lino with a strong curve in front. Qill rakers few,
short, compressed, wide set. Vertebra? 16 + 34. Largest of the flounders.
This genns contains but 1 species, the well-known halibut; abundant on
both coasts of the North Atlantic and of the North Pacific. {Hippoglmsus,
the ancient name of the halibut, from iTtito^, horse; yAcbdda, tongue.)

8977. HIPPOGLOSSUS HIPPOGLOSSUS (LinnmuH).
(Halibut.)
Head 3f ; depth about 3. D. 105; A. 78; scales 150 or more. Body com-
paratively elongate, not strongly compressed, deep mesially, thence rap-
idly tapering each way ; head broad ; eyes large, separated by a very broad

.:i

I'M

",'f

2612 BuUetin ^7, United States National Museum,

llnttish area ; lower eyo slightly advaucod ; mouth large, the maxillary
roacbing middlo of orbit. Nearly uniform dark brown; blind side whitr.
Olio of our most important food-fisbes, n^aching a weight sometimes of 400
pounds. Found in all northern Heas, southward in d«ep water to Franco,
Sandy Hook, and occasionally to the Faralloncs off San Francisco; abun-
dant throughout the North Atlantic as also the North Pacitio and Bering
Sea, in water of moderate depth ; taken with hook and line on all cod
bauks.

rieuroneetei hippoglomu, LiNN^ua, Systoma Naturro, Ed. x, 269, 1758, European Ocean.

Hippoglotsu* vulgaris, Fleming, Itritish Animals, 107, 1828; GOntiier, Cat., iv, 403, 1802;
Bay, Fishoa Groat Britain, n, 5, pi. H; Stoker, Fiah. Maaa., 145, 1839; I)B Kav,
New York Fauna: FiahcH, pi. 49, f. 157,294, 1842; Storkr, SynopaiH Fish. N. A., 475,
1847; LocKlNOTON, Rep. (;om. Fiaheries California, 39, 1878-79; Lotkinqton, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 71; Bkan Proc. U. S. Nat, Muh. 1879, 63; Jordan & On-BKKT,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1880, 464 ; OooDK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1880, 471 ; Jordan 4. (iIL-
hkht, Proc. U.S. Nat. Muh. 1881,66; Uban, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1881, 242 ; Joriian &
Gilbert, Synopsis, 810, 1883; Bean, Cat. Col. Fish. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 20; Uresel,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1884, 244 ; GooDK, Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim., 180, pi. 54, 1884 ; and
of v\jnericau writers generally.

Jlippoglosaus maximus, Gottschk, Archiv fur Natnrgeach. 1835, 1C4, no locality.

HippogloMxu giga», Swainhon, Nat. Hist. Class'n Anim., ii, 302, 1839, no locality.

ITippoglotnu ponticus, Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico, 47, 1846, Blaclc Sea; after Pallas.

ITippogluituii americanus, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1864, 220.

llijt])o<jlo»»u« hippoglouus, .Toruan, Cut. Fish. N. A., 133, 1885; Jordan &. Goss, Review
FlounderH and Soles, 237, pi. 3, 1889.

■Ii •! i

ioi6. LYOPSETTA, Jordan & Com.

11; ■

Lyopsetta, Jordan & Goss, in Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 135, 1885 (exilin).

Teeth sharp, those of the lower .jaw nniserial, the upper jaw biserial;
lateral line simple ( withont accessory dorsal branch) and without distinct
anterior arch. Scales comparatively large, thin, ciliated, and deciduous;
body dextral ; anal spine usually strong ; vertebrie about 45 ; body slender,
the flesh soft; dorsal fin beginning abov0 eye. This genus contains but
a single species, a small, soft-bodied flounder, of the waters of the North
Pacific. In its technical characters Lyopaetta is very close to Hippoglosaoidca,
but the species has the soft flesh of Athereathee. {Avao, to loosen; tprfrra,
flounder. )

2078. LTOPSETTA EXILIS (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 4; depth 3i. D.78; A. 62; V.6; scales 16-71-18. Body slender,
compressed, the flesh soft; caudal peduncle slender; mouth not large,
very oblique, the gape curved; lower jaw scarcely projecting, with a
knob at symphysis ; maxillary rather narrow, reaching middle of pupil,
2| in length of head; teeth small, slender, close set, nearly uniform;
above in 2 serit^s, below in 1. Eyes large, separated by a sharp, scaly
ridge; lower eye advanced. Scales comparatively large, thin and decid-
uous, ctenoid, but not so rough as in the other species, those on blind
side similar, less rough. Lateral line prominent, rising anteriorly, with-
out trace of arch. Fins low, fragile; anal preceded by a spine; caudal
fin long, rather pointed; pectorals small, the right pectoral little more

Jordan and Evenna7in. — Fishes of North America. 2G13

than \ length of head. Dorsal beginning inimodiatt^lj'' in front of pupil ;
anal higher than dorsal. Gill rakers short, slender, toothed, 9 below
angle, the longest about i diameter of orbit. Pale olivaceous brown,
with dark points, forming edgings on each scale; bronze spots some-
times present; fins mostly dusky; dorHal and anal edged anteriorly wi(h
yellowish; ventrals largely yellow. Length 12 inches. North Pacific, in
rather deep water ; San Francisco to Puget Sound. This small tlounder
is brought in in large tiuantitius by the sweep nets off San Francisco. It
is of little value as a food-fish, (exilia, slender.)

Ilippoglotsoidet exilis, Jokdan «fc GiLiiERT, IMw. U. H. Nut. Mhh. 1880, 154, off San Fran-
cisco (Tj'pe, No. 27121. Uoll. Jordan & (lilbort) ; .Jordan &. «;iiaiKBT. I'roc. V. S. Nat.
Mu8. 1880,454; JoitiiAN &. UiLBKUT, Troc. U. S. Nat. Mutt. 1881, 67; Jordan &. Uilueut,
SynopsiH, 827, 1883.

Lijopsetta exUis, Jordan & Goss, Koview FlotuitlorH and SoIoh, 238, 1880.

1017. EOPSETTA, Jordan &, Goss.
Eoputta, Jordan & Goss, in Jordan, Cat. I'Msh. N. A., 135, 188.'> (jordani).

Teeth sharp, those of the lower Jaw nnisorial, the upper biserial; scales
small, ciliated, and adherent ; lateral line without accessory dorsal branch
and without distinct anterior arch; anal spine usually strong; body
normally dextral, robust, the Hcsh firm ; dorsal fin beginning above eye ;
vertebnn about 43. This genus contains but a single species, a large
tlounder which is abundant on the coast of California. It is very close to
the genus lUppoyloiaoides. (^oaj, morning; i/jr/rra, flounder.)

2070. KOFSKTTA JOKUAM (LuckiuKtou).

(California "Sole.")

HoadSi; depth 2^. D. 94; A. 72; scales 9H. IJody broadly elliptical.
Dorsal and ventral outline equally and regularly curved. Alouth oblique,
the jawB about even, the symphyseal knob but little projecting; gape
curved; maxillary broad, reaching to behind pupil, 2^ in head; teeth in 2
series in the nppcr jaw, the inner series small and distant from the outer,
which is considerably enlarged in front; lower jaw with a single series
similar to the outer series in the upper jaw, but larger. Gill rakers rough-
ish, strong, about 15 below angle, the longest about ^ as long as eye.
Lower pharyngeals rather narrow, each with a single row of sharp teeth.
Eyes large ; interorbital space a narrow, blunt, scaly ridge. Dorsal begin-
ning over anterior margin of pupil, the rays all simple; caudal fin with
the middle rays slightly produced; anal preceded by a spine; pectoral ^
length of head. Scales of colored side small, firm, strongly ciliated, nearly
uniform over head and body; lower jaw and snout scalcless; scales on
blind side smooth. Olive brown, nearly uniform; membrane of dorsal
and anal fins clouded with darker. Length 20 inches. Pacific Coast of
the United States from Puget Sound to Point Concepciou. One of the
commonest flatfishes of the California coast, being found in abundance
in shallow water from Monterey northward. It is a good food-tish, and
large numbers are dried each year by the Chinese. (Named for David
Starr Jordan.)

' ■ f'-W'Wyy yqwqy^-'

^ -wfiwe^^rw^^Sfw^^ipSjSW

lil *

2614 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

i

•!?)

'i ;

3

«,•,

*

77i;)^w(/i!o**o?d<;» jordoni, Lo;;kinoton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mn8. 1879, 73, San Francisco (Coll.

■\V. N. Lockington) ; Lock ixoton, Hop. Com. Fisheries Califoruia 1878-79,40; Lock

iNGTON, Scientific I'ressSupjdeineiit, April, 1879, 120; Jordan &. Gilbeut, Proc. U.S.

Nat. Mn8. 1880, 454 ; Jordan Si. Gilbkut, IVoc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 67 ; Jordan & Gii.

BEKT, Synopsis, 826, 1883; Jordan, Kat. Hist. Aqiiat. Aniin., 187, 1884.
Jiopsettajordani, Jordan &. Goss, Koviow Flouuders and Soles, 239, 188S*.

ioi8. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES, Gottschc.

i Uippoglosscrides, Gottsciie, Archiv fur Naturjjosch. 1835, 104 (''■ Umanda" =^i)lateititoides).
Vitharun, Ueiniiardt, Koug. Dansk. Vid. Solsk. 1838, IIG {plateasoides) ; not VUharus

Bleeker, 1802.
Orepanopgetta, Gill, Cat. Fisli. Knst CoOHt N. A., 50, 18C1 (^ilatetsoides).
Pomatopsetta, Gill, rroc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1864,217 {'' dentata" —platusoides).

Eyes and color on the rijjjbt side (except sometimes in U, rlasaodon).
Body oblonjj, moderately compressed ; month rather large, with 1 row of
sharp teeth on each jaw ; no teeth on vomer or palatines ; gill rakers rather
long and slender; scales ctenoid; lateral line nearly straight, simple;
dorsal fin low ir front, hegiiining over or before the eye; veutrals both
lateral; caudal double truncate, produced behind. This genus, as hero
restricted, contains 3 closely related species, 2 of the North Pacific, 1 of
the North Atlantic. All are essentially arctic species, inhabiting shal-
low waters in tho regions where they are most abundant. {i7tn6yXoo66o<i,
Uippoglonsus; £i6os, resemblance.)

a. Dornal rays about 88; anal about 70; gill rakur.s a;+ 10; intcrorbital Hpace with an

obtuse, prominent, rather broad ridge. I'LAT'... )IDEs, 2980.

aa. Uorsi. i.iys about 82; anal about 01; gill rakers «•+ 12 to 14; interorbital space

w.ili ,1 Harrow, nearly naked ridge. elassodon, 2981.

aaa. Dors.al rays 72 to 76 ; anal 56 to 60; gill rakers x + 12; iuterorbital space moderate,

with 2 rows of scales.

b. DeptL 2i in length ; D. 76; A. 60; pectoral i length of -lead. kouusti'h, 2982.

bb. Depth 2;! in length; D. 7:!; A. 56; pectoral ^ in length of head.

ilAMILTONI, 2983.

"i'MO. lUt'POCILOSSUIDES PLATESSU1UE.S (Fabricius).
(SandDab.)

Head 3J ; depth 2i. D. 88 (80 to 93) ; A. 70 (6i to 75) ; soalijs 90 (pores).
Hody ovate; month moderate, obliijuo; maxillary narrow, reaching to be-
low pupil, 2} in length of head; teeth latber small, conical, larger anteri-
or\v, in 1 row in each jaw, those in the lower largest. Eyes rather large,
the upiier longer than snout, 4^ in head; lower jaw included, but with a
piojoctiiig knob at the chin; Buout thick, scaly; interorbital space nar-
row, witli a raised obtuse .idge entirely covered with rough scales in
about (» series; inaudible with a series of .scales; gill laker^ rather short
and robust, not toothed, jibout 10 below angle, the longest less than j^
length of eye; lins with small, rough scales; a strong proanal spine; pec-
toral not (juite .< length of head. Reddish brown, nearly plain. The
identity of the American .ind European representatives of this species
(plaitasndes and linuindoidva) is now conceded by all writers. A little
diHerc-uoe is recoguizublo between arctic and subarctic examjiles, the

Jordan and Evermajin. — Fishes of North America. 2016

m

former having a Bumewliat greater uiiinber of lin rays. Thus Green laud
Hpecimuns, according to Collett, have 1). 88, A. 69; specinieus from Fiu-
mark have D. 92, A. 72*; these representing the var. plaie»noides. Specimous
from England (var. limandoidi-8) have U. 80, A. 66, whilo those from inter-
mediate lociilitieH present in general tin formula; likewise intermediate,
showing that no shar^) division is possible. This is a rather common food-
lish of the deep waters northward, on both sides of the ocean. North
Atlantic, south to Cape Cod, and the coasts of England and Scandinavia.
(Eu.) (j)lai<:88a, the plaice; e/8u?, resemblance.)

riettronectet Untjuatula, MCi.i.er, Zool. Dan. Prodroinns, 45, 1776; not of Linn/EDS.

I'leuronectes platctgiiidi'g, Fabkiciu.s, Fauna (irii^nlandica, 164, 1780, Greenland.

Vleuronecttg Kmandoidet, Blocu, AubI. Fischc, ni, 24 tub. 186, 1787, Europe, and of vuriouo
copyists.

rieuroneetes limandantis, Tarnell, Edinburgh New riiil. Jouru. 1835, 210.

Vitharug jdatessoides, IJeinhahdt, Koiigl. Dansk. Vid. Selsli., n6, 1838.

.Drcjianopsetta plateggoides, (Jill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 50, 1861.

Uippoglusioidei platesgoides, (liLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. .Sci. Tliila. 1864, 217; Coli.ETT, Norsko
Nonl-HavH. Ilxpert., 144, 1880; Goode, rroc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 471 ; Jordan At Gil-
bert, Synopsis, 826, 1883; SteaR-ns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 125; Goode, Nat. Hist,
^ipiatic Aiii.!!., 197, pi. 55, 1884; Jokda;- .\ Goss, Keview Floundt is and Solos, 240, i>l.
4, 1889; Goode &. Uean, Ocean Ichthyology, 438, 1896, and of recent Aiuorican Avriters
generally.

llippoijlussoideg limandoides, GCntheh, Cat., iv, 405, 1862; Day, Fishes Great Britain and
Ireland, II, 9, pi. 45, 1884.

Uippoglossoideg limanda, OcmacHK, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1835,168; not I'l. limanda,

LiNNyKI.'S.

riatfgga dentata, Storkh, Kept. Fish. Mass., 143, 1839; Dk Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 298,

1842 ; Stoheu, Synopsis, 476, 1846.
llippogloggoidvg dentatus, Glm'HEU, Cat., iv, 406, 1862; GCnther, Challenger Keport, XXii,

Fislies,3, 1887. .
Pomatopgetta dentaia. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217.

2l»81, IIirrOGLOSSOIUKS ELAS!!iODON, Jordan & Gilhert.

Head 3i; depth 2A; ?ye 4 in head. D. 77 to 87; A. 59 to 67; V. (5; scales
45-100-40. Body oblong-elliptical; caudal peduncle about as long as
deei>; upper profile of head continuous with the outline of back; depres-
sion over eye slight; mouth rather large, the gape curved, couaiderably
wider on the blind side; lower jaw projecting, with a symphyHeal knob;
maxillary narrow, reaching leyond middle of pupil, 2i in liead; teeth
small, close set, nearly uniform, in a single row. tiill rakers slender,
smooth, II to 16 below arch, the longest nearly A «liiiiiieter of orbit. Kyes
large, separated by a narrow, knife-like ridge, which is i\aked, or with a
single sitries of scales. Scales small, firm, rough, those on tail roughest,
those on blind side similar, mostly smooth anteriorly. Lateral lino ris-
ing anteriorly, but without arch; dorsal beginning immediately in front
of pupil; Jinal preceded byaBpi?»e; cau<liil long; pectoral of eyed side
\ length of hea«l; ventral reaching past tYont of anal; pectoral and ven-
tral of eyed si<le with prickle-like scales. Ihownish, nearly unilorm,
sometimes sjiotted with darker; tins grayish, irregularly blotched with
dusky. Body sometimes sinistral. Length 18 inches. Bering Sea south
to Cape Fattery ; a rather abundant shore llsh in Puget Sound, and it

•-f

2C1G Bulletin ^y , United States National Museum,

secniH to 1)0 still niori* couimon north ward, being, in Alaska, a food- fish of
Honic iniportnnon Almndiint north and south nf liii' Aleutian IslandH nnd
in MriHto) liny. Our spoctnionH iiiiiii |(ii;iiohiitka iigiex in all respects;
I). 77t()H4; A. Ill) or III, reitonil not (|iiltfi \, lioad. Interorhital lidge
sharp, with I sorjas of scales; gj// /akotS £^ li, ifAiiddi'iai, to diminish;
oSovi, tooth. )

Hipponlmouietf ilaiaodoii. -toittiAN A ilUMii't /"roc iT. 8. Naf. Miia. 1880. 2ltj lltlHUt;
Tacoma (Type, No. 272»i;i (.'nil. I). S. iorddO/ , J<iji/>AN A- (Ut.nttnr, Proc. (j.B. Hill.
MiiH. 1880, 454; I5EA.N, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Miis. 1H81, 'J42; Jokoan * (iiMiKliT, SyiiopHis,
820, 188;{; He.\N, Pioc. U. S. Nat. Mils. 188.), 20: JoHDAN, Nut. Jljst. Aqimt. Auini., 188.
I»l.52, 1884; J(jBI)AN & Oo.s^, Rovicw Floiiuders and Soles, 2'li, pi. 5, 1889; JOB/ZAN *
OiLBEHT, liopt. Fur Seal Invest., 1898.

StOSa. II (KJLOSNOIDKS flOlllXTUN, Gill \ Towii.scnd

Head 3j? ; depth 2^', eye 5} in head. I). 76; A. 60; stales 95 (pores;.
Intororltital space a broad, soinewliat elevated ridgo with 2 rows of seales,
iJody rather high, its greatest height nearly equaling I, the length from
snout to base of caudal; }»rolih! decurved above toe eyii; body thick;
scales on head .separate Jind rarely toueh eaeh other. Oill rakers long,
.r-f-11. Ma.viliary 2i in heiid, di/eetod upward anteriorly; teeth of fhe
singh ow mostly f.cparated from each other by intorvalM equal to Width
of teeth, curved inward, and uniform on the side.s; toward ttnitt 4 or 5
enlarged, ]>receded by 2 smaller, leaving the middle toothles.s; iji l,]ii^
lower Jaw- of nearly uniform si/e and inclining backward. Pectoral I,
hiad; yentrals reaching iirst or second anal ray. 8cales on body ciliated
or weakly ctenoid, those on cheek snio<»ther; no ctenoid stales on blind
side. Caudal shorter than in //. hamiUoni, I'i in head. No exserted uiisal
lubes. Color plain brown. Ilering Hea. Only the typ>i known, Ui
inches long, from which we have taken the above description, (rohiiatiis,
robust.)

HipiMiiloHxiiiiifs rotnixfus, fiu.I, & ToWN.><ENl>, I'roc. Hiol. Soc. Wn.sli., xi, 1K97 (f^flpt. 17,
1897), 2:t4, Bering Sea, Lat. 56' 14' N., Long. 164 08' W., Albatross Station J^iff,
in 49 fathoms. (Type, No. 4876(i, V. S. Nut. Mus. Coll. MImtnitt.)

m
11 i
m

ii

2988. HIPPOOJ/OSSOIDKS HAMIIiTOM, Jordan \ (Jilbirt, ii.w spedes.

Head 3jt in length; depth 21', longest diameter of upper eye 3A in head;
snout (moasure'l from upper cj^o) 5 in heati; uuixiliary of colored side 2^,
of blind Bn\(i'Il,, in bead; depth of ciiiidal pedunclt^ etjiialing it-t length,
3j^ in head. l).7il) A. fill; I'. 11; pores in lateral line 91. Cpper jirolile of
head continuing \\u dmsal curve without interrn|)tion, Miere beingaHJight
ile))res8ion abi/vx Mie eye iind an increased convexity on the snout; man-
dible very heavy, projecting anteriorly, so that its synii»hyseal prolib cnm-
pletes the cufvc of the snout; a very short prominence at symphysis
diieoted vertlcfilly downward; gape strongly curvi^d and the mouth nai-
rowed ant«M"i»»rly, •<! that the nnix'llary and preiaaxillary are ahuoSi
wl'dly concealed along the mitldle of their length 1»y the overarcliiug pr -
i' ontal ; tenth ticute, in a single sei ies in each Jaw, all except the anterior
teeth in cttojj Jaw short; ai the sympliysis of lower Jaw the teeth are

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2G17

t

lonjit'i" au«l directed iuward, while in tbo iinterior eud of earli preuiaxil-
lary the teeth are still luor*^ eiilarg(Ml, and tht; series on each side (hiscribes
a strong curve with its con vox sid<i toward the mt-dian line; maxillary
reaching vertical from slightly behind middle of lower eye; nostril tubes
conspicuous, tLo aixterior in closest proximity to the upper lip, wliich it en-
tirely overhangs; poscerior nostril tube wider and slightly shorter; eyes
of nearly equal size, and op])08it(!, separated by a wider ridge than in H.
classodon, the ridge bearing in its niirrowost portion 2 well-define«l rows
of strongly spinous scales; a conspicuous series of pores joining lateral
li/ic with upper margin of upper eye, and another encircling the lower eye
/)'elow anil behind; a third series along mandible and preoperde; 1 large
|iore (iilffM' posterior nostril; gill rakers slender, unarmed, 2 above the
aijgle, II or 12 below it, the longest 2f in eye; dorsal (in beginning altove
front of pupil, the longest ray 2,] in head; anal jireceded by a strong spine,
lis hoiglit e(iualing that of dorsal ; pectoral very long and slender, jj length
itt head, that of blind sidi- shorter, A length of head; ventrals reaching
i<] base of fourth or /ifth anal ray; caudal long, evenly rounded behind,
the middle rays not longer than those adjacent, their length equaling dis-
tances from tip of snout to preopercular margin; scales on cidored aide
strongly ctenoid except in a strip abuig middle of sides anteriorly; else-
where bap}f scale provided with 2 to 1 long spines; on blind side they are
smooth cxtt'pl Ifff tlftipo niiA caudal peduncle; cheeks, opercles, and inter-
orbital space eovefefl wjt|i larger, rougher scales than those on sides; nian-
(Jible and snout naked; .( fit;r^)e series surrounding each eye anteri(»rly,
(ind J on maxillary or colored side; blind side of head with nuixillary
tisikiii\) cheeks covered with minute smitoth thin scales, the opercles with
a few ni'iiiit'fiA 8i)inou8 scales, the preopercle naked. Color nearly nniform
bn>\vnish, without distinctive markings on body or tins. One spi'cimcn,
17 c//i. lonff, fffjm Atlllthoss Station 3641, off Dalnoi I'oint, Kamchatka;
depth 16 lat/ionrrs. Allied to IlippoglossoidiH tiassodon, from which it dif-
fers in the fewer tin rays and Stales, the wider interorliital space, the
longer caudal and pcct(ual tins and the much smaller synqdivseal knob.
The ^asal tubes are larger, the scales rougher, and the anterior part of
lateral line more arched. Its relations with //. lohiistiis are much nearer
liiit the speeies .lie appanutly distinct. (Nanunl for (Jerald Kilwin H.
liarrett-lfaniiltiui, of Dublin, membei' of the Mritish Conimissiim of Fur
Seal Investigation, 1896 and 1897, who made valnaole collection** of Kam-
chaMaj) ti.shes.;

//ippoijloHtindeii hamiltoni, Johdan \ Gilbert, lleiit. Fur Seal luvi.sl., 18Ui^, Dalnoi
Point, Kamchatka. (Coll. Albatrotn.)

toig. PSETTICHTHYS, Girard.

I'mttichlhys, GiUAUU, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liilii. 1864, 140 (inelaiiotlictus).

Hody dextral; teoth uniserial, sharp, unequal, some of them caiiirie-
iike; mouth mod( rate, ihe lower pharyngeal teetl sharp, uniaerial ; scales
mtall, (ttenoid, ciliated, and firm; lateral line with an iic<essory dorsal
jruuch »ud without distinct antc'ior arcli; auiil Mpine strong; dorsal fin
3080 87

sm

b

S5l!??^)!«5»-

2618 Bulletin ^7, United States National Muscuin.

bejjiiiiiiiig bol'oie the eye; v«'rtnbra' about 40; flesh tiriii. Thin genus con-
tains but 1 species, found on the coast of California. It is nearly related
to Hippofflo88oi(lc8, but possesses the peculiar accessory dorsal branch to
the lateral line, characteristic of so uumy of the Pacific coast flouuders.
{ipffTTa, the turbot; ix^v^, lish.)

; ■ M

■\i

2»84. PSETTlt'llTlIYS MKLAXOSTlt'Tl'S, Giranl.

llead 4 ; depth 2^. D. 85; A. GO; scales 112. Hody not very dee]), ellip-
tical; mouth rather small, the maxilhiry extending to bdoAv pupil, 2-^ in
liead ; teeth large, in a single scries in each jaw, those in lower jaw largest ;
a few large canines in front of each jaw. Eyes very small, separated by a
broad, Hat, scaly space, without ridge; lower eye slightly in advance ol
upper; gill rakers rather stout, weak, hooked at tij), 14 below the angle;
scales very small, ctenoid on colored side ; Lateral line nearly straight, with
a long accessory dorsal branch ; dorsal commencing in advance of ui)]»cr
eye, the anterior rays elevated, slender and exserted, the longest about
^ length of head; first ray of dorsal nearly free from its membrane; pec-
toral fin short, 2^ in head; anal fin preceded by a spine; caudal large,
strongly convex; lower pharyngeals very narrow, each with 1 row of
sharp, recurved teeth. Grayish brown, finely speckled with darker on
body and fins. Pacific coast of North America, from Sitka south to Mon-
terey. This is one of the commoner flounders of the Pacific coast, being
everywhere known by the name of "Sole." It lives near the shore, and
reaches a length of about 20 inches. In color this species is quite unlike
the species of HippogJossoidvs, but in most other respects the two groups
are closely allied. (/(f'Arts, black; (Jr/«rof, spotted.)

I'settichthyii melanoit ictus, (lUtARl), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18r>4, 140, San Francisco ; As-
toria, Oregon; (iIKAHD, I'. S. Piic. K. 11. Surv., x, Fisln^s, 154, 18r)8; (itNTMEii, Cat.,
IV, 420, 1862; LoiKiNfiTON, Hep. (Join. MHheries Ual. 1878-79, 40; LoCKiNCiTON, I'nic.
T'.S. Nat. Mils. 1879, 7C; Jordan \. Gilbkkt, I'roc. l'. S. Nat. Mus. 1880,453; Jukdan \
(liuiERT.l'roc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 1881,07; Johuan, Nat. Hist. Atqiiatic, Auiuiala, 186, j)l.
51, 1884; JoHDAN A (io.'i.s, Roviow P'loundorB ami Solea, 241, j)!. 6, 1889.

Jlippvijlonsoides inelauoitietus, JouDAH &. Gilukrt, Synopsis, 828, 1883.

1020. VERASPER, Jordan & Gilbert, new genus.

Viratper, Jordan \ Gu-nERT, Iteport Fur Seal Invest., 1898 MS. (inoKeri).

This genus is allied to A'i/8<re«rys and IHppoylomina, having few short
gill rakers like the former and strongly ctenoid scales like the latter. It
(litters strongly from all its congeners in having the premaxillary teeth
ill 2 series, teeth uniformly small, without canines. IJ<»dy dextial;
dorsal inserted above the front of pupil; lateral line strongly arched
above the root of the pectoral, without recnrrent dorsal liranch, scah's
firm, extremely spinous; gill rakers short, thick, and triangular, few in
number; none of the fin rays notably produced or exserted. .Japan
and Kuril Islands; 2 species known, the following and V.v(irieyniiin{^v\\\a-
gel), a common food fish of .lapaii, the 2 very closely related, (ivths, true;
imprr, rough, the word being suggested by f'crutiKiii,)

i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2619

2985. VKRASPKK MOSKIII, Jordiin .\^ (Jilbort, new HiiccieH.

Head 3Jt in lt'U}j;tli to bast', of caudal; depth 2. D. S2; A. 58; poctoral
12; pores in lateral line 84. Depth «»!' caudal pedunclo 4 in greatest
depth of body; length of eaudal ]iednncle, measured axially, lij iu its
depth. H«'ad much depre.ssetl, with rather wide, Hat iuterorbital space,
resembling iu appearance I'sctHchthya melaiiostictiiti, its thickuess at iuter-
orbital space eipialiug distauce between pupils of upper and lower eyes.
Mouth small, very obli(iiu', the gape strongly arched, the broad maxiUary
reaeh*ing a vertical Itehind middle of pupil, 2* iu head; mandil>le narrow-
ing toward tip, with very rudimentary symphyseal kuol». Tet^th in upper
jaw iu 2 distinct series throughout, those of the outer series increasing
slightly in size toward front of jaw, but none of them canine-like; nuin-
dibular teeth iu 1 row, exeejtt at symphysis, where a few teeth form a short
outer series. Nasal openings of eyed side approximated iu front of mid-
dle of iuterorbital space, the anterior with a short tube, the postt-rior with
a raised rim. Kyes small, their .interior margins opposite, the diamet;'r of
lower eye etiualing distance from tip of snout to posteri<u- nostral, GJ^ iu
head. Iuterorl>ital spaet; rather broa<l and Hat, not ridge-like, its total
width e(|ualing k diameter of orbit, dill rakers short, broad, triangular,
minutely toothed on inner margin, I diameter of eye; 7 present on hori-
zontal limb of outer areh. Lateral line with a short high aiiteri«>r arch,
the cord of which is .! the straight ixu'tiou; height of arch ^ its h'Ugth;
behind the areh lateral line descending iu a gentle curve to middle of
sides, tlie scales very rough, each possessing several long, sharp spines
diverging from median portion of posterior margin; anterior and poste-
rior portions of dorsal and anal tins naked, the rays of the middle portion
each with a series of strongly ctenoid scales; caudal tlensely scaled to tip;
pectorals and veutrals naked; head covered with strougly spinous scales,
excepting snout, maxillary, and mandible; on blind side of head the
snout, jaws, preoperele, snbopercie, lower half of opercle, and all but
a c«*utral strip on interoperele, scalelesa; on blind side the scales are
roughen head, ventral area, and along bases of ventral tins, largely smooth
elsewhere. Dorsal beginning above trout of pupil, the rays increasing iu
length to the forty-lifth, which is 2j in head; longest anal ray (tin* seven-
teenth) 2i in head. C'audal broadly rounded, l* in head; pectoral short
and broad, 2| in head; ventrals of nearly etjual length, reaching origin of
anal, 3,' in head, no anal spine. Color in spirits, centers of the scales
light gray, the margins dark brown; tins liglit or dusky, the vertical tins
with conspicuous black bars, parallel with the rays, these most evident
on under side where the pigment seems ]»riueipally to oe(;ur, and ar<- seen
through the tin more faintly on the ctdored side; lining of eheek.« ;.:;il gill
rover of colored side dusky; peritoneum gray. Kuril Isliinds; I mule
28 em. long, from Shana Bay, Ituru]) Island; also taken at Hakodate.
(Named for .Jetl'erson Franklin Moser, U. S. N., Lieutenant-Commander,
in charge of the IJ. S. Fish Couunission Steamer Allndroas, and a member
of the United States Fur Seal Commiasion for 1891!.)

r<'((i«^<«r wnp»<7(, Jordan . , (Jilukkt, Urpt. Fur Seal liivfst,, 18!t8 ?'S.,Shan.i Bay, Iturup
Island, Kuril Group. (Tyi>i> No. 48797. Coll. JJtaOo**', Caiit. J. l'\ Mosur.)

'^■'.

2020 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

■ii ■%

I m

iti

:\ ■ -%■

I02I. HIPPOGLOSSINA, Steiudachuer.

Hippoijlognina, Steindachneu, Ichtb. Boitriigo, v, 13, 187B (macrop$).

Tet'th rathei" Kniall, uniserial, no cnninos; lateral lino wit a stroug arch
in front, and with no acccMsory dorsal 1>ranch; anal spine . tHolctc; body
inditl'erently doxtral or Hinistral (in some species at least). iSculus ctenoid ;
dorsal lin 1>e<i:iunin|; above pupil; gill rakers rather long and slunder.
This genus is intermediate between Hippotjlo88oidc8 and Paralivhlhyit,
agreeing with the former in the insertion of the dorsal and in general
appoaranc«i, and with the latter in the direction of the lateral line. ' Sev-
eral species are now known. Some of them are dextral, and perhaps all
of them are normally so, or perhaps, as in the case of Xnstriiirya HoJepig,
all .ire in<Ull'ereutly dextral or sinistral. (A diminutive of Hippoylosaus,
the halibut.)

a. Mout\i large, the maxillary extending to opposite posterior margin of eye, 2 in head ;

gill rakers numerous, 4+13; dorsal r.-iys about C8; anal 53. stomata, 2980.

aa, Moutb moderate, the maxillary extending to opposite middle of pupil, about 2^ in

liead.

6. Dorsal rays about 60; anal 52; depth o( body 2J in length. macrops, 2087.

hh. Dorxal rays about U2; anal 48; depth of body 2g iu length ; gill rakers 2 | 8

or a. BOLLMANl, 2988.

2980. IIIPPOdlLOSKIXA STOMATA, Eigenniann & Eigenmann.

Head 2J to 3 in" h'ngth ; depth 2\ \o 2:=. D. 67 to 70; A. 52 to 54 ; scales
80. Sinistral. Eye (not orbit) large, 5 in head; lower orbit slightly in
advanee of upper; interorbital a narrow ridge. Form, elongate elliptieal,
the profile dei)re.ssed over the eye. Month large, maxillary extending to
posterior margin of eye, as long as or longer than pectoral, 2 in head;
lower .jaw about \% in head. Teetli small, iiniserial; anterior nares of
each side with long dermal Haps. Scales of left side all ctenoid, those of
right side cycloid on anterior half or two-thirds of body; middle third of
interorbital nuked, anterior and jiosterior thirds sealed. Gill rakers 4 -f-
13 or 14. Dorsal beginning over mi«ldlo of eye, anterior rays with but 1
or 2 scales, rest sealed to near tip, all Itnt last 8 rays simple; anal similar
to dorsal, with a strong procninbent s])ine; highest dorsal and anal rays
about 3^ in head; ]teetoral of eoloied side about 2 in liead, that of l)lin(l
side sliorter; caudal double Iruncate, 5 to 5A in length. Brown, stiongly
tln>;ed in lite with robin's-egg blue; imnierous spots of light bluo and
light and diirk brown; :") j»;iirs of large, diirk-lirown ocelli along dorsal
and ventral jiarts of eyed side, tlie alternate ones longer and more con-
spicuous; lins c(dored like body, profusely mottled with light iinddark;
sinistral pectoral ]>arred; a dark-brown spot above and below on caudal
pednnele just in front of caudal, showing eonsi)icuously on blind si(b'.
'I'lie eggs are probably pelagic; they are transparent, and measure 1.2 mm.
in dianu'ter; the singh' nil globule measure s O.ltJ nmi. Coast of southern
California; 2 specimens vtbtained in deep .vater oft' San Diego, November
7, 188!t, botb females, 1 with rii»e eggs. (Eigeumaun & Eigcumauu.)
((Jro/*<rr()?, large mouthed.)

Ujipinnilo.stiiiio Ktoitiata KI(^E^•MA^.^• J^ Eioknmann, I'roc. C»l. Ae. Sti. 18',K), 2';, San Diego.
((JoU. C, H. Kigt'iiuiauu.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2021

2987. IIIPPO(lM)SSI>'A MACKOPS, SteiiKlacliiior.

Head 2,1; (lepth2)t, I). 06; A. 52; scales 75 to HO; upper orltit 31 in head.
IJody elliptical, deeper than in r«lato«l spocios; niontli inodorato, the m.ax-
illary reaching to niiddhs of eye; teeth small, shiirp, nniscrial; lower eye
slifjlitly in I'ront of upper; eyes separated )»y a naked narrow ridge; nos-
trils dose together, the anterior ending in a tube; horizontal limb of pre-
operclo somewhat concave, the vertical eonvex. Dorsal beginning over
middle of eye; pectoral of left side I head, much longer than maxillary,
which is 2\ in head; interorbital sjiace a narrow ridge; scales of left side
all strongly ctenoid, those on blind side ciliated only on posterior third of
body; no anal spine. Color brownish, with olisi-ure darker blotches,
r.ody sinistral (in the only specimen known). (Stoindachner.) Pacific,
coast of Mexico. One specimen from Ma/atlan ; not seen by us. {fnxM/joi;,
large; m^^, eye.)

IfippoijloDKina mncrnps, STEiN'nAniNKU, Iclif li. Hoifr., v, 13, j)!. 3, 1H7C, Mazatlan ; Jordan
& (Joss, Review Flonndors niiil SoIoh, 242, 188!).

2088. IIIPPOGLOSNINA ROLI.MAM, (Jilbcrt.

Head 3 (3J to 3i) in length; depth 2| to 2J (3^^ to 3.1); snont 5 in head.
1). 60 to 63; A. 47 to 19; scales along lateral line 70 to 75. Hody regularly
ebuigate, elliptical; dorsal and ventral outlines erjually curved; orbital
rim entering anterior profile, which is erjually curved before and behind
eyes; greatest de])th of body abov(^ pectorals. Mouth rather large, the
maxillary reaching about to middle of pupil, 2i, to 2;? in head. Teeth
c<iually dovelojied on both sides, small and equal, nniserial. Preniaxillary
spine prominent. Interorbital sj)ace a narrow, sharp, naked ridge; eyes
large, the lower slightly in advance of upper, 3)i to 4 in head. (Jill rakers
moderately hmg and slender, the longest 3 in length of ventral of eyed side ;
2-}-8 or 9 developed, the last 2 much shorter. Scab's small, firm, strongly
ctenoid, those below pectoral nnudi reduced, about 40 in a cross series;
arch of lateral line strongly marked, 2i5 to 2* in straight part. Dorsal
lt(!giiining above middle of ])U|>il of upper eye, its iinterior rays low, its
longest rays 2f in head; a strong antrorse N])ino before anal; pectoral
of eyed side 2 in head, that of blind side 2i to 2if in head; ventrals
siibeqnal, each O-JJiyc^d, 4 in bead, extending more than ^ their length
lieyoud anus; each is lateral, but that of eyed side nearest ridge of abdo-
men, and a little behind its fellow; last raj'' of loft ventral joined to
iibdoinon alonj^side of an.al spine; ( !ui<lal acute, its peduncle bug. Color
i:;rayish brown, a row of (i round, bluish sjxits, smaller than pnpil, along
liase of dorsal, 4 similar spots along base of anal, and a few indistinct
Hiualler ones on rest of body and head ; body with 6 large black spots some-
what smaller than eye, these regularly 4 below dorsal and 2 above anal,
the first of dorsal above arch (tf lateral line, the second above anterior
third of straight part, the third at i)ase of last rays and almost forming a
cross bar with the I at base of anal rays. Dorsal, .anal, and caudal dusky,
with small whitish spots; a pale spot at base of last I dorsal and anal
rays; a small black spot .it base of outer caudal rays on peduncle; pecto-
rals and ventrals dusky, but not spotted ; right side inimaculate. Length

in

' u

hll

ii;

It

%

.1 \

2C22 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

.if.

Mi

■ 1

7 inches. Pacific coast of Colombia. Numerous specimens were dredged
at AJhatroas Station 2805, at a depth of 51. V fathoms. This species differs
from TTippoglosstna slomata in the gill rakers, which are shorter and fewer
in number, and in the larger scales on sides. Scales in 16 rows between
lateral line and back, instead of 21 or 22, as in H. atomata. Gill rakers
somewhat shorter, 8 or 9 on anterior limb, 2 on npper limb. In H. macrops
tlie gill rakers are slender, close set, 13 or 11 on anterior limb, 4 on vertical
limb. In other respects of color, fin rays, and squamation agreeing per-
fectly with If. Kiomata. (Named for Charles Harvey Bollm<an.)

mppoglnstina macropt, Joudan X. Boi.lman, Proc. V. S. Nat. ^f ns. 1889, 175 ; not of Stein-

1»A<HNEU.

irippojjlossina fwllwani, Gii.iiEirr, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 122, Albatross Station 3805,
southwest of Panama, in sij fathoms. (Typ«, No. 41143.)

1022. LIOGLOSSINA, Gilbert.

Llofilos/tlna, Oii.nEnT, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 122 (tefrophtlialmus).

This genus is allied to Rippoglosa'ma, but its scales are all cycloid, the
teeth are .small, pointed, uniserial, and uniform, and the gill rakers short
and thick. (Af/05, smooth; 7t\(odda, tongue; for Itippoylosaina.)

2«8«. LIOflLOSSINA TETROPIITIIALMA, Gilbert.

Head large, ,3i: in length in a specimen 1 foot long. D. 76 to 83; A. 58 to
62; lateral line (pores) 97. Body of moderate height, the profile distinctly
angulated above u]»per pupil, the snout j)iojecting; length of caudal
peduncle .§ its <lepth, its outlines diverging backward; depth of body 2i
in length; snout projecting beyond profile, bluntly rounded, the lower
jaw included. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching nearly to vertical from
l)ostcrior bender of lower eye, 2.i in head ; ii blunt projecting process ante-
riorly from head of maxillary. Teeth small, pointed, in a single close-set
scries in each Jaw, none of them enlarged; vomer toothless; lower eye
slightly in advance of upper; vertical from front of upper falling midway
between front of orbit and front of pnpil of lower eye; vertical diameter
of upper orbit but little more than J its longitudinal diameter, which is
contained 3.1 in hea<l ; interorbital space a blunt high ridge, entirely scale-
less, its width I diameter of orbit. Anterior nostril of blind side with a
very long Hap, that of eyed side shorter; a well-marked cutaneous Hap on
lower eye above pupil. fJill rakers very largo, broad, and strong, well
toothed on inner etlgcs, longest eciualing diameter of pupil, the number
on outer gill arch 10 or 11. First dorsal ray over anterior margin of juipil
of upper i^ye, the liu not high, its highest ray 3 in head; anal similar;
caudal sharply doulde truncate, the medi.in rays produced; ventrals
rounded, equal, barely reaching front of anal; no spine before auiil lin;
pectorals moderate, with 9 or 10 developed rays, .} length of head; ventr.il
(5. Sciales rather small, growing distinctly larger posteriorly, everywhere
smooth; head scaled, e\ct^})t snout, interorbital area, mnndible, and part
of maxillary, the latter with a patch of scales on posterior end of its
expanded portion; on blind side an area siround nostrils, and the greater
part of exposed portion of prcorbital, scalijess; lin rays of vertical Huh,

IMI

Jordan and Ever mann. — Fishes of North America. 2G23

ill! with Itauds of line Hcales, those on candul especially hroad; lateral
lino with a broad arch in Irout, the cord of which is 3;f in straight por-
tion. Color dusky brownish, with 2 conspicuous pairs of round black
spots narrowly edged with gray, the anterior pair about \ size of orbit,
the posterior larger than pupil; the anterior pair under beginning of pos-
terior third of dorsal, and about halfway between lateral line an«l dorsal
and anal margins, respectively ; the posterior pair nearer outline of body
and about under the tenth before the last dorsal ray ; vertical lins obscurely
hbitched with darker; ventral of eyed side with conspicuous black blotch
iiiiirgined with white, occupying the distal portion of its inner 2 rays ; pec-
toral unmarked; membrane of gill cavity and peritoneuni white. Two
specimens, each about 12 inches long, fronj the Gulf of California, taken
in 29 and 76 fathoms, at Alhatroas Stations 3011 and 3016. (Gilbert.)
(rETfjit-, four; oif>0(xAjnoi, eye, or eye-like spot.)

l,i(t(ili)»sina tetrojMlialitms, GiLJiKin\Vroo.'U.S. Nat. Mug. 180<J, 122, Gulf of California.
(Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

1023. XYSTREURYS, Jordan &, Gilbert.

Xiistreurys, JonnAN &, (JlLTiEUT, Proc. V. S. Nat. Miis. 1880, 34 {liolejnn).

Bttdy broad, covered witli small smooth scales. Teeth rather small, uni-
serial and bluntly conical, une<iuai; no canines; <-audal lin subsessile, the
caudal peduncle extremely short; skin of shoulder girdle with patches of
cup-shaped scales; lat«'ral lino with a strong anterior arch, no accessory
branch; vertebne about 37 ;*gill rakers short and thick. This genus is
very close to Ilippof/losHina, dilfering chietly in the subsessile. cau<lal tin,
the smooth scales, and the peculiar, short, thick gill rakers. The. typical
species, like some other rarific, coast llounders, is almost indifferently
dextral or sinistral, {qi'drfiov, raker; Evpix^, wid<', from the broad gill
rakers.)

'iftOO. XYSTUEUBYS MOLKPIS, .Ionian .t (iilbort.

Head 31; depth If,. D. 80; A. 62; scales 123. Vertebrai 12 -f 25 = 37.
Body elli]itical ovate, Itroad and compressed, its curves regular; the pro-
lile ctmtinuous with (rurve of back; month small, very oblique, the lower
Jaw included; maxillary reaching about to pni»il, 2^ in head; eyes rather
large, 4+ in head, separated by a very narrow, blunt scaly ridge; teeth
small, conical, blunt, in a single row; those in lower Jaw 8nbe([ual, close
set; those in u]»per Jaw nmre distant, decreasing in size backward; teeth

I'l+I'- ^'^l rakers 2 -(-7, very short, broad, and strong, minutely serrate
on inner margin, about 7 below angle, the longest scarcely \ as long
iis the eye. Scales sn\all, oblong, cj'cloid, the smaller accessory scales
extremely nnnierons; lateral line without dorsal 1)ranch, with a broad
curve above pectorals; branchial arches and skin of the shoulder girdle
AvithsniiiU, cup-shaped, tubercular scales. Dorsal rather high, lirni, low
in front, Iteginning just in iidvance of middle of pupil, highest near the
middle of the body; caiulal peduncle very short and dee]», its depth 1 times
its length. Pectoral o*' eyed side falcate, usually much longer tli.in head,

I !

( !

I (

•1 -i;*' I

2024 Bulletin 47, United States National I\fuseuni.

I

''Ml

0-

:;':i

r>.

w..

its loiijjth vjiryiiig considerably. C'andal fin soinowhat donblo trnnoatp,
with rounded iiu/^les, the middle rays being produced. Anterior nostril
of blind side with ii long llap. Color olive brown, mottled with darker,
Homctinies with v(;ry distinct round black blotches; vertical fins blotched
with dark; pectoral of colored side with obli(fiie bars. Length 15 inches.
Southern Calift)rnia, rather common from Point Concepcnon southward to
San Diego. It is a very variable species, the c<doration and the length of
the pectoral iins hiiving a wide range of variation. The body is indilfer-
ently dextral or sinistral. (Xi-ioi;, smooth; XeTtig, scale.)

XjiKtirtii-iitliolepis, JouDAN it (Jilheut, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Miis. 1880, :t4, Santa Barbara;

.ToiiDAN &, (.'.ii.iiEiir, Troe. V. S. Nut. Mim. 1880, 4r>4; .TonoAN .»^ Oii.iiert. Vtuv.. I'. S. Nut.

Mils. 1881, fifi : .TouoAN .t (Joss, Review of Vloniiilrirs and .Soles, 243, 1880.
J'ariilichthiin liolfiiis, JouuAN •.V. CiiLHEKT, SynoitsiH, 825, 1883.

1024. PARALICHTHYS, fJirard.

(BaSTAUD ITALintlTS.)

Paralirh1hjt.i. OiKAnn, IT. S. Tar. R. 11. Siirv., x, 146, 1858 (mar.vlnmn califomirvt).
I'xfiidurhoiiilni.i, Pi.KKKEH, ('oin]>t(>8 lieiuliiH, Acad. Soi. Aiimtord., XIII, 1802, 5, NotitMi 8iir

(|ii<'lqiii)H goiire.s do In I'ainillo dus I'liMiroiicctidii) {jutliimnloi).
Uroi>ni'tta, ( iuj,, ^l•o«^ Ac. Nut. Sci. riiila. 18C2, 330 {cali/otnicuii - viacvlosus).
Chivnopsetta, (lii.i,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liila. 1864,218 (occUaris - dfiitatut).

Ky(>s and color normally on the left side. IJody oblong; mouth large,
obli(|uo; each jaw with a single row of usually slendtu* and sharp teeth,
which are more or less enlarged anteriorly; 110 teeth on vomer or pala-
tines, (till rakers slender. Scales snuill, weakly ctenoid or ciliated;
lateral line simple, with a strong curve anteriorly. Dorsal line beginning
before the eye, its anterior rays not produeed; both ventrals lateral;
caudal fin double truneate, or double coueav<^, its middle rays produced;
no anal spine. Species numerous, found in all warm seas. This genus, as
now restricted, contains a considerable number of species, inhabiting
both coasts of America and the eastern and southern coasts of Asia. As
indicated by the reduced number of veitebra^, the species range further
southward than do those of the type of Hippoglossoides. (ffapdAAz/Aoj,
parallel; t'xOvs, fish.)

a. dill raker.s in large niimbor, about 9 + 20.

b. Gill rakor.s as long as oyo aud vor.y slender. 13. 72 j A. 55; di^ptli 2^ in length.

CAMFORNICUS, 2991.

lb. Gill rakers shorter, about 5 length of eye. D. 80; A. 61 ; depth 2^ in length.

JESTUARIUS, 2992.

aa. Gill rakers iu moderate nnuiber (5-1- 11 to 6 + 21), rather long unA slender,
c. Dorsal rays 70 to 75 ; anal rays 54 to 60.

(?. Head small, lateral liue4J iu length; depth 2J; interorbital space rather
broad and tlaiish, 5 diameter of eye; eyes small, 5J in head; gill
r.ikers rather short, 4 -|- 15, the longest about g eye.

BRABIUENSIS, 2903.

dil. Head rather large, 3^ in length ; depth 2 to 2^ ; eyes small.

«. Gill rakers 5 to 6 + 15 to 18 ; eyes wide apart. ADSPERSUS, 2994.

<•(•. Gill rakers 5 + 11 ; eyes close together. WOOLMANI, 2995.

ec. Dorsal ra.\ s 85 to 03; anal rays 67 to 73; gill ralters 5 | 15 or 16, long and slen-
der, the longest 5 length of eye; body ovate, the depth about 2J in length ;
head about 3J. DENTATUS, 2990.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2025

ana. Gill rnkors fow, nlinrtiHli, widn not, tlio iiiiiiiIiit 2-f-8 to 3 -f 10.

/. Itody oviitc, iiKiro or Ichh noiiipruHflcil niiil o)iiii|iir-; <1i'|illi alioiiti 1!J in It'iigtli;

no ilixtinrt, tlctinitoly plaiM-rt octilli ; hi'iiIcm cycloid.

r/. Dor^iil rnyH in liirpt iiiinilicr (85 to <.i:i, um in /'. dfiitntiit); anal raj-s <ir> to

7.'t; pores ol' tlio Intnral linn aliout 100; accessory scales lew; k"'

rakers 2 -(- 10, lanccolat^^, d<<ntato, wide Hut, and nnicli Hliorter tlian tlin

oyo. I.ETIIDHTIOMUS, 2007.

j/i/. Dorsal rays in inodorato niinihnr (70 to HO) ; anal rays fii to 01.

/(. Scales vory small, about I'JO in lateral line; depth oC body abont }

leuKlli ; Ix^ad •if, in lon^rlli ; f;ill rakers ninthly toothed, 3 f 0 in

nnniber. HiiUA.Mii.KNTiTS, 2098.

hli. Scales nioib^ralo, 00 fo l(i() pores in tliii lalorul line; intororbital

width abont (sinal to len<;th of eye; dorsal raynTri to 81; anal

rays 59 to 01; Rill rakers 2 or 'J i OorlO. Coloration, Rrayisli

brown with niimeroim (niori;or Ics.s distin(^t) whitish blotclitis,

which arc rarely obstdete; vertobrai 10 -f- 27: :37.

Al.nKUTTTUS, 2999.
//. Body oblong, strongly conipressfid, scniitransliicont; scales weakly ciliatt«l;
about U;t pores in lateral lin*^ Coloration, li;;ht grayish, thickly mottled
with darker; 4 largo horizontally oldong, black ocelli, caeh siirronnded
by pinkish area; 1 Jnst behinil middle of the body, below the dorsal, 1
op])osite thi.s, above anal, and 2 similar smaller spots below lust rays of
dorsal and above last of anal ; vertobrat 11 -|- UO-^41. oulon<iu,s, .'1000.

2«»1. PAItALiniTllYS ( AlilFOKMCI S (Ayrcs).

(HASTAUI) IlAI.inirT; MONTKKEY HaI.IIIIIT.)

Hoad3|to4J; <lcptli2;i. D.70; A. 55- scales 100. Verlohrai 10 + 25=35.
l{o(ly rather lonj; iiud tliic^kisli; eaiulal pedunclo loiijj;; hoad small; eyo
Biiiall, little wider tliiin the hroad, llattish interorbital space; maxilhiry
as long as pectoral, i lenj.'tb of head, reaching lieyond eye; teeth slender,
sharp, rather long, the canines moderate. Scales small, finely ciliate,
<^ach scale snrronndod hy narrow accessory scales; scales on blind side
similar; lins with ctenoid sc^ales. Dorsal low, beginning over front of
upper eye just past pectoral, pointed, reaching curve of lateral line, 2.t in
lufad, that of blind side shorter and rounded behind; arch of lateral line
31 or 4 in straight part. Gill rakers very long and slender, numerous, as
long as eyo, about 9 + 20; lower pharyrngeals narow, with small slender
teeth. Anal spine small, concealed. (Jrayish brown, uniform, or mottbid
with blackish and pale, the head sometimes sprinkled with black dots;
yonng brownish, with bluish spots. Coast of California, Toraales ]{ay to
Cerros Island. This large flounder is one of the common food-fishes of the
Pacific coast, where it takes the i)lace occupied on the Atlantic side by Pur-
nlidithyii dvntatns. It reaches a length of 3 feet and a weight of GO pounds.
From its resemblance to the halibut, it nsually goes by the name of bastard
halibut. It is readily distinguished from th<^ Atlantic members of the same
genus by its fewer fin rays and by its more numerous gill rakers. As was
lirat shown by Afr. Lockington, the small fish called I'aralichthys macuJosns,
is simply the young of tlie larger fish, then called Uropsctta callforniia.
Unlike other species of tin* genus, I'aralichthiis caUfornirus is almost as
frequently dcxtral as sinistral, (californicus, Californian.)

r i

l-l:

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

'

1

1.0

I.I

I^|2j8 12.5
i« 12.0

Its

IL25 iu

1.6

HiotDgraphic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STMfT

Wltmi.N.Y. I49»

(71*) •77-4903

4b

'^

'

,1

f

-(P'Wt; -

^T^

I ■

i I

1.4

1

1

il

ji<l

HI

Its

i;-

If

:

^^IP

i'ii

t

,i.ji,iilli.

2C26 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Pleuronectet maeulosus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Ifat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 155, young, San Dieg^o.
Paraliehthys maeuloavs, 61RARD, U. S. Pac. R. K. Surv., x, Fishes, 147, 1858, not Rhomhus

macu2o«i(«, CuviER, also a species of Paralichthyg ,- GCnther, Cat., iv, 431, 1862; Gill,

Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 197; Lockinoton, Rep. Com. Fisheries California

1878-78, 41 ; LocKiNOTON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 79; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S.

Nat.Mu8. 1880, 454; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881,66; Jordan, Nat.

nis. Aquat. Anini., 182. 1884.
Hll>])oglo»8us eallfornicvM, Ayrks, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1859, 29, and 186(), fig. 10, wlnlt,

San Francisco.
Psiudoihiimhu» eali/ornicus, GOnther, Cat., iv, 426, 18C2.
Uropsetta eali/oiniea, CmIU., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1862, 330; Gili^ Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.

Phila. 1864, 198.
Painlichthjfg ealifoniievs, Jordan & G ilbert. Synopsis, 821, 1883 ; Jordan & Goss, R«vie\\-

Floimders and Soles, 245, 1889.

2002. PARALIGHTIIYS .KKTUARIIJS, Gilbert &. Srofield.

Head3|; depth 2^; eye 5^; interorbital space flat, 12 in head, 1 diam-
eter of eye; maxillary 2 in head, equal to pcictoral lin; gill rakera 9-f-20,
the longest J length of eye. D. 79. to 83; A. 58 to 64. (In 7 specimens
examined the rays are : Dorsal 72, 79, 81, 81, 82, 83, 83 ; ana) 58, 60, 60, 62, 63,
63, 64.) Vertebrjo 104 28; scales weakly ciliated, with smnll accessory
scales, 105 in the lateral line; length of the arch contained 4 times in
straight part of lateral line, 2 in head; height of arch 4^ in head. Four
of the 7 specimens iiro sinistral. Color pale chocolate brown. Specimens
small, 6 to 9 inches in length. Taken at Shoal Point, at mouth of the
Colorado River, Mexico, by the United States Fish Comuiissiou steamer
AlhatroHS. This species is distinguishod from other members of the genus
1»y its unmer(»us fin rays and many gill rakers. It is nearest related to
Paralichthi/8 ccJifornicus. (wnliiarius, pertaining to the river mouth.)

Pamliehthyt mstuarius, Gilbert & Scofield, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1807, 499, pi. xxix,
Gulf of California, at mouth of Colorado River, Sonora. (Typo, No. 48128. CoU.
Cn. Gilbert.)

2003. PARAMCHTIIYK RRAj^ILIENSIS (Uanzani).

Head 41; depth 2!. D. 70 to 75; A. 54 to 60; scales not very small,
about 100 in cours<^ of lateral line; interorbital space rather broad aad
flattish, ^ diometer of eye ; eyes small, 5i|^ in head; gill rakers rather short,
4-f-15, the longest about | eye; pecto'-al IJ in head; curve of lateral
line high and short, 4 in straight part, its height 1^ in its length; mouth
moderate, the maxillary 2,! in head; teeth rather few, the anttTior canines
liirge. Color dark brown, more or less mottled and spotted with paler.
South America; said to range northward to Guatemala. Here described
from numerous specimens from Itio .laneiro and from Maldonado, in the
Museum 01 Comparative Zoology. The locality "(Suatomala" giv«'n by
Oiint.her siHtms to be somewhat doubtful, and the species may not occur
in West Indian waters at all. (hraailicntiia, living in llrazil.)

Uippoiilogt,u» hraMilioisit, Ran/.ani, Nov. S|)ec. Pise, 10, tab. 3, 1840, Brazil.

I'lalessa orhiijnyana, Vai.encienneu, D'Orbigny Voy. 8. Anier. M^-rid. Poims., pt. 5, pi. 10,

lig. 1, 1847.
h'homhua aramaca, Castelnau, Anim. nou\ . on raros, Poiss., 78, pi. 40, fig. 3 ; notof Cuvikr.
Pteuilorhomhui vorax, GOntiieu, Cut., iv, 420, 1862, South America.
I'muilorliomlnithrnnUienalt, (il'NTMKR, FimIh'w Cenfr. Amor., 473. 1869.
Paraliehtlnji! braitilienti», Jordan &. Goss, Rev if \v Flollndl'r^4 and Soles, 246, 1889.

Jordan mid Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2627

2094. PARALirHTHYS ADSPKKSUK (Stoindacbner).

Head 3i; depth 2J. D, 75; A. 58; scales 10(5; eye 6 in head; interor-
hitul J vertical diameter of eyo ; maxillary 2^ ; mandible 1^; pectoral 2;
caudal 1)(. Body moderately elongate tind compressed; mouth large, the
maxill.ary reaching a little past eye; teoth large, sharp, and slightly
r«curv<'d, larger in front of jaws; snout very slightly produced; interor-
bital mo<lerately wide, its posterior half with scales; anterior nostril with
a rtax) which reaches to middle of posterior nostril ; gill rakers 3 to 6 -f 15 to
17, hardly as long as eye. Snout and mandible naked ; end of maxillary and
rest of head with scales ; theraysof all the fins with small scales; the mem-
brane naked; each scale on body with a row of accessory scales around
its posterior »,dge ; scales cycloid, the accessory scales giving the lish a
rough feeling; curve of lateral line nearly 5 in the straight part, jiectoral
reaching slightly past curve of lateral line, its tip pointed; pectoral of
blind side shorter, not reaching to end of curve, its tijt blunt; origin of
dorsal over anterior edge of upper eye, bending slightly towjird the blind
side; caudal double lunate. Color brownish gray, thickly mottled with
many larger and smaller spots, points, and rings; side with i, or 4 larger
spots of irreguhir form and oci Hated with paler.

Specimens taken by Dr. Jovdan at Mazatlaa are described as follows:
•' Head ;W ; depth about 2 in length of body. I). 7:5 (70 to 7(5) ; A. 57 (53 to
60) ; P. 12; V. P. Scales on lateral line about 106 + 8 with .S5 dors.illy and
36 ventrallv. Flesh tirri. Body oblong, moderately compressed; mouth
large, «d)li(Mie, the mandible very heavy, slightly projfting; 4 canine
teeth on each side of lower jaw in adult specimens, 8 in young, the 2
aiite'-ior teeth l(»ng; anterior teeth of upper jaw strong, lnit smaller tliau
those in the lower jaw; the lateral teeth very small itnd close set. Eye
small, shorter than snout, about 7 (6 to 8) in length of he.ad; interorbital
area smooth, tlaitish, \ width of eye. Scales cycloid, small anteriorly
and larger posteriorly; lateral line strongly arched anteriorly, arch abotjt
SJ^ in straight part. Gill rakers of medium length, broad, retror^e-serrate
on inner side, longest about f length of eye, from 4 + 13 to 5 -}- 14 in num-
ber, counted in 8 specimens; pectoral fin about as long as mandible,
slightly more than \ length of head. Dorsal low, anterior origin opposite
anterior margin of eye; caudal barely double concave ; caudal peduncle
very strong; anal spine (dtsolete; ventral fins small, inserted synunetric-
ally ; fins rJl scaly. Ccdor : Largp specimens are dark brown, with blotches
on fins; small specimens are covered with pearly white and very dark
brown blotches; the brown blotches almost circular, larger and with less
definite out'.ines near the center of the body, very dark and distinct on
caudal. Seven specimens were taken by the Hopkins Kxpedition in the
estuary at Mazatlan, where they reach a length of 44 cm. Several speci-
mens were also taken at La Paz. These specimens seem to be identical
with rnralichth}i8 adspersiin. The original types have on an average more
gill rakers than w«i fmd in our Ma/.atlau specimens, but this character is
snbj«>ct to variation, and no other distinction appears. In one of Dr.
Steindachner's types from ('allao (No. 11,417, Mus. (!onip. Zool.) we find the
gill rakers longer, 6 -f- 17; depth 2.1 in length; D.(;7; A. 51; scales 120;

K^,.

1: it

V*

?p»fV^",-

^^aS2i3i??K!5!?S^l52Bgi^^SB»njn;-

•i;fc

2G28 Bii/letin ^y, United States National Musenm.

arch of If icral line barely twico as longaa high, nearly 5 in straight part;
maxillary 2\; in head. Mr. Gnrnian has kindly examined for us 6 other
sp«!cimens, with the following results:

"Paralichthys adspersua from Callao, has gill rakers —

" ' iV as long as eye ;

"' i^K about J us long as the eye.

" ' iV nearly as long as the eye.

'"i'4 about I as long as the eye.

'"^ about J as long as the eye.

" ' VV near f as long as eye.' " *

We arn now disposed to regard these Mazatlan specimens as identical
with Paralichthya adnper8U8, the range of variation in the number of gill
rakers in the latter probably including the former. Pacitic coast of
tropical Am<5rica, from Gulf of California to the coast of Peru ; everywhere
abundant and very variable, {adsperaus, covered with spots.)

rseudorhamhua adspertiu, Steindachnek, Ichthyol. Notizen, v, 9, pi. 2, 1867, Chinchas

Islands.
raralichthyi adspertiu, Jordan &. Gii.nERT, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 370; Jobdan &

Gilbert, Hull. U. S. Fisli. Comm. 1882, 108 and 111; Jordan, Cat. Fish N.A.,133, 1885;

Jordan \ Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 246, 1880; Jordan & VTilua&is, I'roc.

Cal. Ac. Sci. 1805, 503.

i5h

ill

lis i

i -ill V

ii ^ li

! ■

" m

2096. PARALICHTIIYS WOOLMAyi, Jordan & Williams.

HeadSi; depth about 2; gill rakers .5 + 11. D.74; A. 57; P. 12; V.6;
scales 100. Flesh firm ; body oblong ; mouth large, mandible heavy, not
projecting; about 8 teeth on each side of lower jaw, the anterior ones
long and slender; teeth in upper jaw smaller than those in lower jaw,
the lateral teeth very small and close set. Eye small, 5^ in length of
head ; intororbital area moderately prominent, narrow, about ^ length of
eye. Scales cycloid, small anteriorly and increasing in size posteriorly,
jtovering head and (ins; lateral line greatly arched anteriorly, arch about
3^ times in length of straight portion. Gill rakers slender, the longest
about i in length of eye. Pectoral an«l ventral fins small ; pectoral about i
in length of head ; origin of dorsal opposite anterior margin of eye ; caudal
ending in an obtuse angle, not double concave; caudal peduncle strong;
anal spine obsolete. Body and fins blotched with deep brown and pearly
white and specked with very dark brown, blotches more definite on me-
dian fins and especially on caudal where there are 3 indefinite lines of
blotches crossing the fin. Galapagos Islands. One specimen taken by the
An>atro88 in 1890, which was at first identified as Paralu-hthya adaperstig, from
which species it difters but little except in the number of gill rakers.
(Named for Mr. Albert Jefferson Woolman, of Duluth, Minnesota, in recog-
nition of his work on the fishes of Mexico and Floi'ida.)

Paraliehtlnit wcolmani, Jobdan &. Williams, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 189C, 457, Galapagos
Islands. (Type, No. 47.'>75. CoU. Albntrott.)

" (Jarnian, in lit.. May 3, 1895.

.|'!ll

It

'M'f

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2029

20»6. PAUALICHTIIYS DEJfTATlS (Liiiuuius).

(SUMMKK FloUNDKK.)

Head 3A^ to 4; depth 2*; eyo Gin head; maxillary 2; jteotoral 2,1; ven-
tral 3A ; caudal peduuch* 4 ; caudal 1^. D. 80 to 91 ; A. 65 to 71 ; lateral line
108 (tubes). Ciivve of lateral lino Sj to i\ in straijiiht portion ; body ovate ;
maxillary about a head, reaching past jiosterior uiarj^in of «'ye; mouth
large, oblique, the gape curved; canines large, conical, wide set; gill
rakers compitrativtly long and slender, longest \ eye, 5-f 15 to 6-f 18 in
nunilier; interorltital area a rather llattish ridge, iu the adult about equal
t*) vertical diameter of eye, narrower in the young, forming a bony ridge;
scales cycloid, each with numerous small accessory scales; vertebra-. 11 +
30^^41. Color iu life, light (dive brown; adults with very numerous small
white spots on body and vertical fins; sometimes a series of larger white
spots along bases of dorsal and anal lius; about 14 ocellated dark spots
on sides, these sometimes little conspicuous, but always present; a series
of 4 or 5 along base of dorsal, and 3 or 4 along base of anal, those of the
2 series opi)osit,c, and forming pairs ; 2 jiairs of smaller less distinct sjtots
midway between these basal series and lateral line anteriorly, with a
small one on lateral line in the center between them; a large distinctspot
on lateral line behind middle of straight portion ; fins without the round
dark blotches. Atlantic coast of United States, from Capo Cod to Florida ;
the common llounder of tite coasts of the Northern States, its range
apparently not extending much south of Charleston. Of lh<^ species
found in that region it is the most important from a commercial point of
view. It reaches a length of about 3 feet and a weight of about 15 pounds.
It has been confounded by nearly all writers with the nu)re southern
species now called V. hthoHtiymuH, from which it is best distinguished by
its much greater number of gill rakers and by its mottled coloration. On
account of this confusion it is impossilde wholly to disentangle its syn-
onymy from that of F. lethostiymus. So far as the proper nomenclature of
the two is concerned, this confusion mako!? little «litterence. There is no
doubt that this is the original Pleuronevh'a deniatus of Liunauis, as the
original Liuna;an type is still preserved in London. This has been ex-
amined by Dr. ISeau and its identity with the present species fully estab-
lishetl. It seems also certain that this is the Vlak'ssa ocrllariH of l)e Kay,
who properly distinguishes his ocdlaris from his obloiiga, the latter being
/'. h'lhoatifimiis, A little dcubt must be attached to the i*. mtlanoyosler of
Mitchill, very scantily descrilted from a doubled (black-bellied) exam-
ple «)f this species or of P. h'thosHgmiis. As the former species is much
more common about New York than the latter it isprobalde that Mitchill's
fish belonged to it. We have also received a doubled example from New
York corresponding exactly to Mitchill's description. We may therefore
regard the name melanoiiaater as a synonym of dvntatua. The differences
in the gill rakers of these species were f rst noticed by Jordan & Gilbert
iu 1883. These authors erroneously referred all these synonyms to the
species with the few gill rakers and described the ]>resent one as new
under the name 1'araHchthyn ophryan. The discovery of the LinnaMin typo
of Ph'uroncctcs dvntatua has rendered a recouaideratiou of this matter

T;.T* ^\'^Tr7>'3r.5^:^i,'prwt»?j5iwA«.

-^^f^P^^W^m-^l?W^^^^^^^.

2630

Bulletin //,

United States National Museum.

W

1 1;'
hi!

.1
■ I

I 1 1

1

li

^' :|:

K

neceeaury, ami it is (evident that to tlic '' /*. ophryaa" Ik long also the prior
iiiunes dcntatiia, mdanogaaier, and ocrlUirlH. (deuiatiis, toothed.)

rieuriineeles dentatus, Linn^kus, Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 1, 458, 1760, aiid of iiiiiiieroim copyistB;
MiTciiiix, Trans. Lit. and I'liil. So^'. N. Y. 1815, ;i!H).

rieuronecteii ,nelanoijaiiler, MiTCHli-L, Trars. Lit. and riiil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 3!»0, New Yprk;
doubled exani]»le.

riatessa ocellaris, 1)E Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fislioa, 300, pi. 47, flj;. 152, 1842, New York.

I'(iralichtlii/8 ophrytit. Jokdan \ (JilbeivT, Synopsis, 822, 1883, Charleston.

J'laten.ta dentata. Stoker, llcpt. Fish. Mass., 143, 1839.

I'snidorliombtis tleiitotug, (iooDE \ Bean, I'roc. V. S. Xat. Mns. 1871), 123.

I'afaUchthjig di'iitatun, tJooiiE, Nat. Hist. .\<iuat. Anini., 178, 1884, dcUiled account; in-
cludes r.Wthoxtiijma; .ItinuAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 134, 1885; Joudan ifc Goss, lioview
Flcdinders and Solos, 24ti, 1889.

r^fudorlioiiibvn ocellaris, lit'NTHEH, Cat., IV, 430, 1802; JoiiDAN &. (Ji^UEUT, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. 1H78, 370.

Clia'iiojiKetla ocellariK, Gill, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'liilii. 18<U, 218.

I'araliclUhys ocellarit, Joudan & Gilijeut, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 017.

2»U7. PAKAIiU'liTliVS LKTHONTHJUUS, Jordan & Gilbert.

(SoiTHKKN FLOINDEU.)

lleiid aS; depl.h 2Jf. D. 85 to })2; A. 65 to 73; pores about 100. Body
ovate, more, or less compressed and opaque; no distinet, definitely placed
ocelli; scales cycloid. Mouth wide, oblique, the mandible veiy heavy
and much projecting; 8 to 10 teeth on each side of the lower Jaw, the 2
anterior teeth very long; anterior teeth of upper jaw strong, but smaller
than those in the lower jaw; the lateral teeth very small and clo.so set;
eyes small, .shorter than the snout, about 6 iu head; interorbital space in
adult broad, tiattish, and scaly, as wide as length of eye. Accessory
scales feAv ; gill rakers 2 + 10, lanceolate, dentate, wide set, and much
shorter than the eye; caudal peduncle rather long; length of iirch of
lateral line nearly i^ that of straight i>art. Color dusky olive, darker
than in P. dtntatna, and with ver,t' few darker mottlings or spots. This
species is the c(mimon large llounder of the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts
of the I'uited States, ranging as far nortli as New York. It very closely
resembles l'(iralUhihif8 dentatus, with which it has been repeatedly con-
founded. It is, however, sharply distinguished by the character of the
gill rakers. It is also always darker in color, and almost uniform, while
/'. dentatus is usually profusely spotted. Its only tenable name is the
lecent one, J'aralichihyN lethoHl'itimns. South Atlantic and (Jiilf coasts of
United States, north to New York. (Az/O//, forgetfuluess; (jr///<a, spot,
from the absence of spots. )

I'latenta iiblon<ja, De Kav, New York Fauna : Fishes, 299, pi. 48, fig. 156, 1842, New York,

not rieurimecte* oblongvn, MneiiiLL; Stokek, Syn. Fisli. N. A., 477, 1846.
Varaliehthyt lethostvjma, Jokdan & (Albert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 237, Jacksonville,

Florida; Jordan & Goss, Keview Flounders and Soles, 247, 1889.
Pttndorhimu ii» oblongtu, GilNTHKB, Cat., iv,426, 1862.
Vhmtioptetta dentata, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 218.
Pteudorhombut rfcn/ari/*, GooDK, Proc. U. S.Nat, Mus. 1879, 110; Goode & Bean, Proc. U.

S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 123.
Paralichthyt dentatns, Jordan ^fc Giliiert, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 302; Jordan it Gil-

hert, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 617 ; Bean, Cat. Coll. Fish, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883,

45; JoHUAN & GlLUKUT, Syuvpsia, 822, 1883.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2031

2098. PABALICIITIIVS Kt^UAMlLENTI N, Jonlnii &. Oillwrt.

Head 3)! ; depth 2. I). 78 ; A. 59 ; scales 123 (porrs). IJody deep, strongly
«'ompr«'8scd ; c-audal peduncle vcy sliort; jnofihi iuigiiliited at frout of
upper eye. Head wide, the t^yes large, wide ap.trt. Month vory largo,
oblique, the broad maxillary reaching Avell beyond pupil, its length mor-*
than A the head. Lowor jaw projecting ; mandible with a. sharp (-ompressed
knob at Hymplv> sis ; teeth few, unequal, in a single row, about 8 in each Jaw
canine-like, the 2 in front of lower jaw longest; lateral t«H;th of upper
Jaw minute. Int<uorbital si)ace a narrow scalelcss bony ridge, slightly
concave anteriorly, scarcely A diameter of pupil. Scales very small,
smooth, adherent; curve of lateral line 4^ in straight part; snout, jaws,
and prcopi-rcle naked. Gill rakers short, 3-f-!) in number, triangular,
roughly toothed, little higher than wide, tlu! longest nearly | eye. Dor-
sal beginning over front of eye, the anterior rays 4| in head; pectoral
short, shorter than maxillary ; anal spine weak; caudal double rounded,
lirownish ; body and (ins spotted with darker ; caudal mottled with white ;
I»eetorals banded, with dark spots. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts cf
United State.s. This species is very close to Paralichthys albiyuttus, Irom
which it differs chielly in the small scah^s. It seems to be rather rare.
Besides the original types from Pensacola, another referred to the same
species is in the Natiimal Museum from Charleston, {squavulvvtua, scaly.)

Varalichthys squamilenUis, Jordas & Gujieut, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 303, Pensacola
(Tyi.c, No. :t08C2); Joruan & (Jilhert, Synopsis, 823, 1883; Bkan, Cat. CtiU. Fish,
U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 45; Jordan & Goss, Review Flouuders and .Sole.s, 248, 1889.

si r

v;.' "■

!':

^^ 1 ■

2909. FABALlCIITIi>S ALUIUUTTI'S, Jordau &. Gilbert.

(Gulp Flounukr.)

Head 3|; depth 2^. D. 72 to 80; A. 5t) to Gl ; scales 9 to 100 (por«'s) ; ♦■y**
6 or 7 in head; maxillary IJ ; pectoral 2.1 ; ventral 3; caudal Ik ; curve oi
lateral line 3 in straight part. liody moderately elongate-elliptical;
mouth larg«i, the maxillary reaching past eye; jaws subtMiual; teeth
strong, slender, and curved, about 7 on side of lower jaw, 4 or 5 moderate
canines in front of upper jaw, the lateral teeth being minute, close stst ;
interorbital space | length of eye, the upper ridge rather prominent behind
upper eye, scaled posteriorly ; mandibles naked ; a small patch of .scales
on maxillary; gill rakers broad and toothed behhuV the longest 2} in eye,
3-1-10 in number. Fins low ; anterior rays of dorsal not elevated nor
exserted, the longest rays behind the middle, 2| in head; pectoral not
reaching to end of curve; caudal double lunate. Scales moderate, cycloid,
covered with epidermis which bears small Haps about the borders of many
of the scales. Dark olive, mottled with dusky, and niarkt>d by numerous
more or less distinct pale spots, which are sometimes obsolete ; three dark
spots, bordered with white, .sometimes present, particularly in the young, 1
on lateral line posteriorly and 1 above and below anterior end of straight
l)art of lateral line. Vertebrje 10 -f 27 ::::=37. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts
of the United States. This species is common on the South Atlantic and
Gulf coasts. It has the few gill rakers of /*. UthosHgmus, the mottled colora-
tion of r. dcntalua, while from ouch it is distinguished by its smaller number

> i,

.'r

m

■,i''~'^''.''Kn^ '^!?rB«ijf!M}i'^^!«<flF*wTS»Ti*~''w^^

\ !

m

11

|!^ •

F I 'i?;;

!:^ ■!

■■-V
y.i

-7 ?

r.: iii 'i;^

i. :|:!

2632 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum.

of dorsiil and anal rays. In the uiiniber of its vertebras it agrees with
P. letliostigmua. It seems to reach a smaller hv/.h than either of these
species. Here described from a specimen, 16 in<-hes in length, collected at
Cedar Key, Florida, (albtis, white; yiitta, spot.)

r»ewdorhombu» dentatus, Jordan &. Gilhekt, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mua. 1878, 370; not of

lilN.NyT-UIS.

Varalkhthys albigutta, Jordan &, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 1882, 302, Pensacola
(Type, No. 30818. Coll. Dr. Jordan) ; Jokdan \- Gn.iiKHT, Synopsis, 823, 1883; Jordan
.t Swain, Proc. U. S. Nut. Mas. 1884, 233; Jordan &. Uoss, Itcvicw rioauilcrs p.jd
Solus, 248, 1889.

aOOO. PAIULICIITHYS OBLO.NOl'S (Mitcliill).
(Four-spotted Flounder.)

Head 4; depth 2^. D. 72; A. GO; scales 93. Body comparatively elon-
gate, strongly compressed. Eyes large, nearly 1 in head, separated by a
prominent, narrijw, sharp ridge. Upper Jaw with very numerous small,
close-set teeth laterally, and 4 or 5 canines in Iront; the lateral teeth
abruptly smaller than the anterior; each side of lower jaw with 7 to 10
teeth. Chin i»ronunent. Maxillary na-row, reaching past middle of
pupil, 2i in length of head. Gape curved^ gill rakers short and toothed
behind, 2-|-8. Scales weakly ctenoid or cycloid. Dorsal low, beginning
over front «>f eye, some of the anterior rays exserted, but not elongate, the
longest rays behind middle of tin, not quite i head ; caudal 1^^ in head ; pec-
toral 1|; anal spine obsolete. Grayish, thickly mottled with darker and
somewhat translucent; 4 large, horizontally jblong, black ocelli, each
surrounded by a pinkish area, 1 just behind middle of the body below the
dorsal, 1 oi»posite this above anal, 2 similar smaHer s]»ots below last rays
o.f dorsal and abov(! last of anal. Coasts of New England and New York.
This species is rather common on the coast of Capo Cod and the neigh-
boring islands, but it has been rarely noticed elsewhere. The limits of its
range are not yet definitely knowA. It is a very strongly marked species.
Its transluconcy of coloration indicates tliat it lives in deeper water than
the other species of the genus. Here described from specimen from Woods
Hole.

Another specimen in our collection from Woods Hole, Massachusetts,

referred to this species, shows the

following

characters: Brownish,

somewhat mottled, without traces of ocelli (possibly faded) ; lins similar.
Body rather elongate, slenderer than in other species and more com-
pressed; mouth rather large, oblique, the lower jaw not projecting, the
maxillary 2| in head, reaching to opposite posterior border of pupil; about
12 teeth on each side of lower jaw, the anterior rather long, about equal to
anterior teeth of upper jaw ; lateral teeth of upper jaw becoming gradually
smaller posteriorly, much larger, less numerous, and more widely set than
in other species of this genus. Eyes large, longer than snout, 4 to 4J in
head, separated by a narrow, elevated, bony ridge, narrower than pui)il,
anteriorly acaleless, and oirved behind the upper eye posteriorly. Scales
moderate, cycloid, rather thin; curve of lateral line 4J in straight part.
Gill rakers 2 -f- 8 in number, rather long and slender, about 4^ in maxillary.
Dorsal beginning above midtlle of eye, its anterior rays not longer than

Jordati and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Amoica. 2G33

otborB, the middle rayH a little longer than lougcst of ana], wlii(;h are
about ^ bead; caudal au long aH bead; anal spine obsolete; ventnilH small;
jK'ctoral 1| in bead. Head 4^; depth 2?. D. 77; A. 63; scales 00. Length
about 14 inches, (ohlongus, oblong.)

I'leuroneetei ohlongns, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and riiil. Soc, i, 1815, aoi, New York.
rittUtia quadrocellata, Stokeb, Proc. BoHton Soc. Nut. Hist. 1847, 242 ; Stoeeh, Hist. Fisli.

Mass., 397, pi. 31, flg. 3, Provincetown.
i'ha-nopietta oblonga, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Scl. Pliiln. 1804, 218.
Paraliehthytublongu*, GooDE, Proc. TJ. S. Nut. Mns. 1880, 472 ; Jordan &, GiLnEiiT, S.vnoi)8iR,

824, 1883 ; JoKDAN & Goss, Kovicw Flouudcrs am) Solos, 240, pi. 8, 1889 ; Goc>UE &. Bean,

Oceanic Ichthyology, 436, 1896.

1025. RAMULARIA, Jordan cV. Everinann.

Jiamularta, Jordan & Evermann, new genus {dendriticus).

This genus is close to Ancylopaetia, dift'ering mainly in the structure of
the lateral line, the tubes of \vbi(;b are borne by series of smaller, con-
cealed cycloid scales, the free edges of which are notched to the opening
of the pore; these scales are coucealt'd in the skin, and from the pores pro-
ceed backward m«!nibranaceous tubes which ramify over the bases of eon-
tiguous scales. Dorsal scarcely elevated in front; left ventral much pro-
ddced. Body broad ovate, sinistral, with very rough scales. Gill rakers
few, very broad, (ramulua, a branchlet, from the tubes of the lateral line. )

»001. BAMULABIA DENDBITICA (Gilbert).

Head 3^ in length; depth If. D. 84; A, 63; scales 100; 36 scales in a
series upward and backward from lateral line. Body very tiroad, its dejith
IJ in length, the two outlines equally curved; profile not very strongly
angulated in front of upper eye. Lower eye sliglitly in advance of upper;
interorbital space a rather broad, convex, scaly ridge, about ^ upper eye,
which is contained about 5 times iu head and is equal to snout. A blunt
spine on snout on bead of maxillary. Nostril openings very broad, witli-
out tube, the anterior with a narrow Hap. Mouth moderate, very oblique,
the gape curved, the maxillary reaching slightly beyond vertical from
middle of lower eye, 3 in head. Teeth in a single, rather close-set seiies
in each jaw, strong, conical, directed very obliquely inward, becoming
gradually larger toward front of jaw, but not canine-like. Gill rakers
very short, barely movable, as broad as long, strongly toothed, 6 on anterior
limb. Dorsal beginning over middle of upper eye, the anterior rays partly
free toward tips, but little, if any, elevated above those that follow, the
first 2^ in head; dorsal highest iu its posterior third, the longest ray 2j, in
head; anal similar, the rays of posterior third of each fin slightly forked
at tip; caudal peduncle deep and short, its depth about h head, its length
\ its depth; caudal rounded, almost double truncate; ventrals with nar-
row bases, the left one slightly in advance of the right; fin greatly pro-
duced, reaching far beyond front of anal, a trifle shorter than head; left
pectoral IJ in head. Scales very strongly ctenoid, the edge spinous, the
entire exposed portion rough ; width of anterior arch of lateral line 3Jl in
straight portion ; tubes of lateral line borne by a series of smaller con-
3030 88

rrr-T^^r^.r.-''-Try^lV^v^T^,^V:y"^^^

nil

%

'

■l

i

1 :'t^

'']

■i.

■'I

; •

'.,t

i

I

^1^

■I-

I "I

P :t

r I

- ii; i

m

i.;|

2634 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

cualud cycloitl H(;al*>H, tho free edgeH of which are notched to t)ie opeuinn;
of tlie pon^; these ecah'S eutirely covered by the inteKiiiucnt, iiud from
the porcH there proceed backward ineinbrauaccouH tiiboH, ramifying over
the bases of contiguous 8calo8; this is true also of lateral lino <»f blind side;
eyed side entirely scaled except snout and numdible. Vertical lins cov-
eriMl with thick skin, ea<'h ray accompanied l»y 1 or 2 series of ctenoid
scales; left ventral also scaled. Color olive brown, with 3 Iarg«' black
oeellated spots larger than orbit, the ]>osterior one on lateral line in front
of caudal jteduncle, the 2 anterior under middle of dorsal, halfway Imtween
lateral line and dorsal and anal outlines, respectively; each spot with a
light center; distal portion of vertical tins more or less brown (ui right
side. (Gilbert.) Gulf of California. A single specimen, IH inches hmg,
from Albatron8 .Station 3022, in 11 fathoms. {dendrUicua, like a tree,
branched; Serfipov, tree.)

AncjiloiisHtu deudritica, Gilheut, Tr'tc. V. S. Nat. Muh. 18»0, lUl, Gulf of California at
Albatross Station 3022, in 11 fathoms.

1026. ANCYLOPSETTA, Gill.

Ancifloxsetta, OiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1804, 224 (qtiadrveellata).

Body sinistral, broadly ovate, tho depth more than 4 '.ength; mouth
moderate; teeth uuiserial, une<inal, some of tho anterior enlarged; cau-
dal tin with a very short pedunch^; scales very strongly ctenoid on both
sides of the body; anterior rays of dorsal notably exserted, the rays of the
anterior part of the fin elongate, thus forming a distinct lobe; gill mem-
branes considerably united; gill rakers short and broad, with rough
teeth; left ventral produced; vertebra? about 35. This genns is very
close to roraliclithj/8, diftering in the subsessile caudal fin, the short gill
rakers, the rough scales, and in the prolongation of the anterior rays of
the dorsal lin. (tiyHvXoi, ho^k; iptjrra, turbot.)

3002. AKOTLOPSETTi QVADBOCELLATA, Gill.

Head 3 J to 3^, ; depth If. D.70 to 76; A. 57 to 59; pores in lateral line
83 to 90; vertical series of scales 70; fourth or lifth dorsal ray longest,
nearly if length of head. Caudal IJi in head; ventral of colored side I3,
Body oval, compressed, very deep; an abrupt angle above eye; mouth very
small; the maxillary reaching to below middle of orbit, 2i in length of
head; teeth comparatively small, about 14 on each side of lower jaw; no
strongly dift'erentiated canines in either jaw. Eyes moderate, separated
by a very narrow, sharp, scaly ridge; gill rakers very short, thick, few in
number, 2 -f 6 or 7, the longest less than i diameter of pupil ; scales
rather small, very strongly ctenoid, those on blind side also rough ; curve
of lateral line rather low ; tubes of lateral line simple ; dorsal beginning
in front of pupil, its anterior rays long and filiform, much exserted ; cau-
dal short and rounded, 1^ in head ; ventral fin of colored side rather long,
as long as pectoral, \ length of head; anal spine wanting. Brownish
olive, with 4 large, oblong, ocellated spots, the first above the arch of the
lateral line; the 3 posterior forming an isosceles triangle, the hindmost

^. ;l

M! 't

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2035

being on the lut<Tiil Hue; the ocelliitcd sjtots are fiTcnu-ntly I'liruitibe*!
with a bright white renter, aiul the sides and vertical lins hav«» often a
lew scattered Avhite spots; a small, iu<li8tiuct, dark spot on middle of
each tsighth or tenth ray of dorsal and anal. Vertebra- 'J •+-'_'(> = ;{.">. South
Atlauti<: and Gnlf coasts of the United States; not rare; a very handsome
species, (tjuudrovcllalus, having 1 ocelli.)

A ncylopiiftta<juadrvcdlata,iiiVL,l'ioo. Ac. Nat.Sci. I'liila. 1864, 2'J4; nut J'littema iiiiiidmcrl-
latu, SroHKH; JouuAN \, Gi<88, liovUw I<"loiiii«ler8ainl Soles, "Jilt, 18S9.

I'aralichtlnig «jrt)jio<«#, Joudan &. GiLiiKKT, Vruv.. V. S. Nat. Miis. 18«:*, tild, Charleston;
JoitDAN &. GiLBEBT, Synopsis, 824, 1883 ; Juudan \. Swain, I'roc. L'. S. Nat. Miis. 1884.
234; .loKUAX &. (Joss, Uuview FloiiiuU^rs and Soles, 250, 188!>.

rseudo rhumb us ijuadroccllatus, Jokuan &. Gii.ukut, I'rou. U.S. Nat. M ii.s. 1878, 370.

1027. NOTOSEMA, Goode A Itean.

Nutotema, Goode & Bean, Hull. Mas. Comp. Zool., .\, No. 5, 192, 1883 (diUxta).

Hody sinistral, elliptical in form, the caudal fin yteduncniate. Month
niodeiate, beneath the central axis of the body. Kyes large, close together,
the ni»per one nearly encroaching upon the proliie, the lower slightly in
advance of the upper. Teeth in a single series in the Jaws, about etjually
developed on each side, largest in front, absent on vomer and pahitines.
Pectoral tins somewhat unequal, that upon the blind sidt^ f as large as the
other; dorsal lln commencing slightly behind anterior margin of u]iper
eyt^, the first 8 rays sejjarated into a distinct subdivision of the tin, several
of them being prolonged; caudal rounded, sinistral; ventral much elong-
ated. Scales small, ctenoid on colored side of body; lateral line promi-
nent, strongly ar«!hed, alike on both sides, the tubes simple, (jlill rakiirs
moderately numerous, rather stout, suhtriangular, pectinate posteriorly.
I'soudobranchiai well developed. Vertebra^ 35. This gtuius is scarcely dis-
tinct from AitviiJopsetta, the body more elongate, the dorsal and ventral
rays more produced, (vc&ros, buck; <j///<ur, banner.)

»00». NOTOSE.HA DILKCTVM (Gomle & r>eau).

Head 3.^; depth 2. D. 68; V. 6. A. 54 to 50; scales 4S (pores) on
straight part of lateral line; width of inteiorbital area almost imjier-
eeptible ; mandible reaching to mi<ldle of pupil of lower eye, its length 2
in head; upper jaw 2i times length of head. Origin of dorsal over an-
terior margin of eye, second and third rays the longest, which are 2 in
greatest depth of body; anal beginning close to vent, its posterior rays
longest; caudal pedunculate, dimble truncate; pectoral of eyed side sub-
triangular, its length 5i in length of body ; ventral of eyed side much
produced, its length more than 3 times that of its mate. Color dark
brown, speckled with darker, 3 large subcireular ocellated spots nearly as
large as eye, with white center, dark iris, narrow, light margin, and a
brown encircling outline, these arranged in an isosceles triangle, the apex
on the lateral line, the others before it and distant from the lateral line a
distance equal to their own diameter; blind side white ; fins blotched with
dark brown. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream. Known from the original

f',3^'.:,>

'''</ '

s

i.

w

}-:h:-.i 4

;e

Sfl

'M{'

M

I ;:i.

2030 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

tyjicH ohtainod in tli(< deejt watei-H (75 i'athoius) of the Gulf Stremii, off the
Caroliuii coast, (dilectun, delightful.)

Xotoietna tlileeta, (iooDB &■ Bean, llnll. Mim. (Jorap. Zool., x, No. 5, 193, 1883, Qulf Stream
off the coast of South Carolina; (inoDK \ liKAN. Uceniiic Iclitliyolog.v, 437, 181)0.

J'araliefithj/8 utiijinatia*, UouuK, Hut. Hist. Aiiiiut. Aiiim., 182, 1884; by iuatlvortaucv for
dilvctvt.

Aneijloimetta dUeeta, .loiinAN, Cut. Fisb. N. A., 134, 1885; JuiiUAN &. Uos», lieviow Flouii
derB aud .Sulea, 25U, 1889.

1028. GASTROPSETTA, B. A. 13ean.

(Iimtroi'setta, Uaiiton A. JiEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1894,633 (frontaliit).

liody u1)l(»Dg-ovate, highly arrhed in front, covered with small, cycloid,
einbeddod scales; lateral line arched in front, deflected downwanl on
«;audal ])ednncle. Teeth small, in a single series in each jaw. Dorsal tin
beginning in advance of eye, its anterior rays produced, not connected by
the irregular and broadly fringed nn^nibrane. Gill rakers very short,
almost as broad as long, few in iiuuiber. Ventral of eyed side productMl,
ending in a long tilamentons ray in the young. This genus is closely allied
to Ancylopsctta, from which it differs in form of body, and especially in
the entirely smooth scales, singularly branched aud produced aut<;rior
dorsal rays, and very short and broad gill rakers, (yadr/ffj, belly ; ipffrra,
turbot or flounder.)

8004. UASTROPSETTA FRONTALIS, B. A. Beau.

Head IJ; dc])th 2^ ; middle <-audal rays 2* ; eye large, 3 J in head. D. 60;
A. 48; V. 6; 1*. I, 10. Mouth of moderate size, maxillary 2J in head, the
jaws curved; iuterorbital ridge promiueut, very narrow. Dorsal begin-
ning in front of eye on snout, its anterior rays singularly branched, the
third and fourth longest, almost e(£ualing length of head; anal fin begin-
ning at vent, wl \ch is situated on blind side, its anterior rays scarcely
produced ; ventral of colored side much produced ; middle caudal rayshuig.
Color in spirits, light brown; 3 black spots on body, 2 along back, and 1
near anal bas«^; lins with dusky blotches; several vertical stripes acr«)8s
eyes. A smaller specimen from Albatross Station 2317 has D. 62; A. 52;
V. 6; P. I, 11. Gill rakers short, broad lamina;, 2^-7. Teeth weak, uni-
serial. Anterior rays of dorsal greatly produced, the third 1^ times as
long as head. Ventral of eyed side very long, ending in a thread-like
lihtment. Color as in the preceding. An example from Albatross Station
2373 near Apalachicola, is 224 mm. long; its depth *.)0 mm. D. 60; A. 41>;
P. I, 10; V. 6; C. 15. Vent situated in a deep notch, which forms the
front margin of abdomen, and not on side, as in other specimens. Color
darker than that of the Key West examples, being dark reddish brown;
body spotted and fins blotched as in the preceding. .Two specimens
obtained by the Albatross, .January 15, 1885, at Station 2317, Lat. 24° 25'
45" N., Long. 81° 46' 45" W., near Key West, Florida, in 4i> fathoms of
water, the type 8 inches long, the other one 6 inches. (B. A. Bean.)
(frontalis, pertaining to the forehead.)

Gattropsetta frontalis, Barton A. Bkan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1894, 633, Key West.
(Type, No. 37668, U. S. Nat. Mus. CoU. Albatross.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2037

1029. PLEURONICHTHYS, (Siraid.

PUufoniehthija. Oirard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi. Phila. 1854, 130 (eaenngnii).

neterojirotopon, lii.KEKKK, Coin]it«)H KoikIiih Acad. Aiimtenliiin, xiii, 1802, 8 (cornutv$).

Parophryt, OUnthkr, Cat. FiAlieB, IV, 454, 180'Ji not of (iiitAUi).

Eyo8 iind color on tlio right siilc. Body (loop; bond short, with very
nhort, blunt suuut; mouth sniall, with Hoverul Herieu of Hieiidur, aouto tooth,
which iiro most developinl on the blind Bide, and are often wanting in 1
or both jawH on the colored side; no teeth on vomer orpalatinos; lips
thick, with aevoral l.tngthwiso folds within which is a sorics of Hhort
fringes. Lower pharyngeals narrow, each with a doubh^ row of very small
teeth. Gill rakers <vido set, very short and weak. Lateral lin*« nearly
straight, with a dorsal branoh in our species. Scales small, cvcloid, non-
imbricate, embedded. Dorsal fin anteriorly twisted from the dorsal ridge
toward the blind side; anal fin preceded by a spine; caudal lin convex
behind. Intestinal canal elongate. Herbivorous species, feeding chielly
on alga). Pacific Ocean. This well-marked genus contains 3 American
species, which are very closely related to each other. Th() Asiatic species,
I'lnteasa cornnta, Hchlogel, of thu coasts of (Ihina and Japan, is also a
member of this group, having au accessory branch to the lateral line as in
the American species. This species Itears some resemblance to PL rerti-
calia. The species of I'leuronichthns spawn in the spring, and live in oijin-
parativoly deep water. (TtAevfJov, side; /^0t>5, fish.)

a. Dorsal fln beginning on the level of the lower lip, lt» first 0 rays on the blind side,

i)E(;uiiRENs, :((io5.
aa. Dorsal fln beginning on level of nppcr lip, its lirst 5 rays being on tliu blind si<lo.

b. Iutei'orl>ital ridgo posteriorly witli a strong spine directed linekward, son<e

tubercles on interorbital ridge. verticams, SOOfi.

bb. Interorbital ridge prominent, but without spines and conspicuous tulterdes.

CCENOSUS, 3007.

3006. PLEIJROMCilTHYS DECURRRNS, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 3^; depth IJ. D. 72; A. 10; scales 80; eye 3 in head; maxillary
4i; pectoral 1$; highest dorsal rays 1^; anal rays 1?; caudal 1. IJody
short and wide; mouth very sniall, the maxillary reaching nearly to
pupil ; teeth villiform, in moderate bands on blind side, a narrow band on
eyed side of lower jaw; eyes very large, the upper edge of upper eye
even with profile; snout extremely short; a blunt tubercle in front of
upper eye, another at each end of the narrow interorbital ridge, the pos-
terior largest, but usually not spine-like; 2 or 3 above the latter behind
the upper eye: some prominences above the opercle; gill opening short,
not extending above upper edge of pectoral. Dorsal beginning very low,
on level of end of maxillary, its first 9 rays on the blind side ; anal spine
well developed, the origin of anal a little behind vertical from base of
pectoral ; pectoral of eyed side a little larger than its mate, both rounded
behind ; ventral of blind side shorter than that of eyed side, and placed
slightly before it, caudal well rounded. Scales cycloid, embedded, a
space between them anteriorly ; lateral line without arch, slightly curved.
Color brownish, usually much mottled with chocolate and grayish, often
finely spotted with brownish on body and fins; all fins darker thaa body;

', i:

::ifrt','

.-LS:;..'^c''W-.iriLi,... ."

]■ I M

*??JSP'*fi^'^f.MJtt«^

k I

2C38 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

r

"^ I ;';:

ill's

n.i

dorsal, nnal, caudal, and vcntrals narrowly edged with white; pectoral
uniformly blackish- Pacific coast of United States,, south to Monterey.
This species is rather scarce alou^ the California coast, being taken
chiefly in deep water. It reaches a larger size than either P. verticalia or
/'. cwnosus. Hoi a described from a specimen from San Francisco market,
8 inches in length, {decurrena, running down.)

Pleuroniehthyg eaenoms, LocKlNGTON, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mns. 1879,07; not Pleurnnichthyt
cnenoaus, GiRARD.

Pleurimichthyt quadritHherculatut, Jordan &. Gn.BERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 50, not
of Pallas ; Jordan, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Aniin., 189, 1884.

Phuronichythys decurreng, Jordan &. Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1880, 4.'»3, San Fran-
cisco; Monterey Bay (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert) ; Jordan & Gilukrt, Proc. TT. S. Nat.
Mna. 1881, 69; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 829, 1883 ; Jordan &- Goss, lieview Floun-
ders and Solbs, 282, 1889.

8006. PLCUR<»XICHTII¥S YERTICALIS, Jordan & Gilbert.
Head 4 in body ; depth 2. D. 65; A. 45; scales about 80; vetebra^ 13-{-
2i5 — 38. Form broad ovate, the outlines regular; head small, somewhat
constricted behind the upper oje; eyes largo, but smaller than in i'.
rfrr/i»Tc««. Interorbital ridge narrow; a small tubercle or prominence
in front of upper eye; a large one in front of upper edge of lower
eye; another larger and sharper at interior edge of the interocular spaco ;
another at the pcsterior edge of intoroculav spine ridge; this latter devel-
oped into a long, sharp, triangular spine, which is nearly as long as tlie
pupil, Mild is direitted backward; a prominent tubercle at posterior
lower angle of upper eye ; upper edge of opercle somewhat uneven, but
no other tubercles present. Mouth small, as in other species; the lips
thick, with lengthwise pliciP. Teeth in a broad band ou the left (blind)
side of o.ichjaw; no teeth on the right side in either jaw. Gill rakers
very small, weak, and flexible, about 10 in number. Scales essentially as
in other species, snia'"], cycloid, embedded, scarcely imbricated; lateral
line nearly straight, with an accessory branch which extends to the mid-
dle of the dorsal fin. Dorsal tin l)eglnning on blind side at level of pre-
maxillary, there being but about 4 of its rays on left side* of median line;
vertical fins less elevated than in other species, the longest rays of dorsal
about I length of head; anal fin preceded by a spine; caudal peduncle
short and deep; caudal fin elongate, rounded behind; pectorals short,
nearly oqual ; ventrals moderate, reaching anal spine. Color dark olive
brown, Avith round grayish spots, the body and fins mottled with black-
ish. This species agrees in habiti and general characters with Phmro-
nichthys deciirreiis. Coast of California, in rather deep water. The above
description from the original *;'pe. {verticilia, pertaining to the vertex.)

Pleiironichthyiverticalix, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1680, 49, San Fran
Cisco (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 188i, 109;
Jordan & Gilbert, Sjnopnis, 829,1883; Jordan, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 189, 1884;
Jordan & Goss, Review Flounders and Sobis, 282, 1889.

8007. PLEURONICHTHYS CffiNOSIIS, Girard.
Head .31; depth 2. D. 68; A. 49; scales 61; eye 3 in head; pectoral 1^;
dorsal and anal rays 1^; caudal a little longer than heud. Body ovate;
snout scarcely produced; mouth small, maxillaiy reaching past front of

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. :?639

lower eye; 3 or 4 rows of teeth on blind side of j.iws, 1 ou eyed side of
lower; eyes very large; infcerorbital a high, narrow ridge, sonuiwhat
angnlated behind, but with no conspicnous spine or tubercle ; snout very
short, about \ eye; gill opening not extending above upper edge of pec-
toral. Scales cycloid, embedded, some distance apart anteriorly, their
edges not in contact; lateral line nearly straight, with a long dorsal
branch which reaches past middle of body. Dorsal and anal high ; crigiu
of dorsal ou blind side on a level with premaxillary, its first 5 rays on
blind side; origin of anal nnder base of pectoral; pectoral of eyed side a
little larger than its mate; caudal well rounded. Color dark brown, usu-
ally mottled, the colors variable ; our specimens from Puget 8ound, very
dark, the fins coloiod like body, with light and dark spots; a conspicuous
black spot on lateral line on middle of sides. Pacific coast, from 8itka to
San Diego. This species is comparatively common in rather deep water
and about rocks, being most abundant about Puget Sound. Its apparent
abundance as compared with the other species of the genus is doubtless
due to its inhabiting shallower waters than they. It is quite variable in
form. The above description from a specimen, 6 inches long, from Seattle.
{cfcnosxis, m ^dy.)

Pleuronichthyt eoenoiug, GiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 139, San Francisco;
GinAHD, U. S. Pac. R. R. Snrv., x, Fishes, 151, 1858 ; LocKiNnTON, Rep. Com. Fisthcrios
California, 1878-79, 45; Lockinoton, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mnn. 1879, 97; Jordan & On.iiEnT,
Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 50 ; Jordan & GiLiirBT, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Miis. 188C, 453 ; Jor-
dan & GiLiiKRT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68 ; Jordan & f Jflbert, Synopsis, 830, 1883 ;
Jordan, Nat. Hist. Aqiiat.Anim., 189,1884; Jordan & Goss, Review Floiuiilers nn<l
Soles, 282, 1889 ; Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 852.

Varophrys caenosa, GUntheu, Cat., iv, 45«i, 1862.

1030. HYPSOPSETTA, GilL
(DtAMONn Flounders.)

JTypsopsetta, Gii.i., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1664, 195 \guttulatuii).

Eyes and color on the right side ; body broad, ovate, rhomboid ; mouth
very small; teeth slender, equal, acute, in several series; lips thick, not
plicate ; lateral line nearly straight, with an accessory dorsal branch ;
scales small, smooth; dorsal fin beginning on the dorsal ridge, not ttirued
to the blind side at its insertion ; anal spine present; caudal fin convex;
gill rakers little developed. TJiis genus consists of a single specios,
abundant on the coast of California. It is very close to I'letironirhthya,
from which it difi'ors only in a few characters of comparatively minor
importance. Its range is in shallower and warmer water than that of the
species of rieuronichthifa, and, in accordance with this fact, its flesh is
firmer and its number of vertebrm fewer than in th'e latter genus. (vt(>i,
deep; ipffrra, flounder.)

S008. HVSOPSETTA flUTTULATA (Giraril).
• (Diamond Flocndkb.)

Head .3i; depth 1 J. D. 68 ; A. .50 ; scales 95. Body very deep, somewhat
angulated near middle of back and belly; eyes moderate, separated by a
llattlsh, raised area; head without spines or tubercles; scales of opercular

.3 it*"

m

^^^fSw^SSppBipfp

li m

2640 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

region little developed; those of blind side reduced; no teeth on right
side of either jaw; accessory lateral line long, ^ length of body; anal
spine small; pectorals about \ length of head; vcntrals rather short;
caudal peduncle much deeper than long; caudal large, nearly as long as
head. Brown, with numerous pale-bluish blotches in life, these disappear-
ing in spirits ; blind side white, with a strong tinge of yellow along profile
of head ; tins plain, sometimes with black specks. Coast of California and
southward, Cape Mendocino to Magdalena Bay. This species is one of the
most abundant in the shore waters of the California coast. It is a food-
fish of fair quality, (giiltiilatus, with small spots.)

IHeuronichthys guUtilatus, GiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi. Pliila. 1856, 137, Tomales Bay, Cali-
fornia (Coll. £. SamuolH) ; Girard, Joarii. lioston Soc. Xat. Hist. 1857, pi. 25, flgn. 1-4 ;
UlRAUD, TJ. S. Tac. K. B. Siirv., X, Fishes, 152, 1858, LocKlNfiTON, Keit. Com. Fisheries
California, 1878-79, 44; LoCKlNGTON, Proc. II. S.Nat. Mu3. 1879,94.

Parophryg ayren, GOntheu, Cat., iv, 1862, 457, San Francisco. (Coll. Dr. W. O. Ayres.)

Pleuroneetes guttulatut, GOnther, Cat., IV, 445, 1862.

Hypsopgetta guttulala, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. S<!i. Phila. 1864, 195; Jordan it Gilbert, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. t) . S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68 ; Jordan A
Gilbert, Synopsis, 830, 1883; Jordan, Nat. Hist. Aqnat. Anini., 185, 1884; Jordan
6c Goss, Kevievr of Flounders and Soles, 283, 1889.

i'i

i ,*"

pi

i

llr

[it; i

iii',

1031. PAROPHPYS, Girard.

Parophryx, GiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1854, 139 (vetulva).

Body rather elongate, covered with small, cycloid scales; scales of the
head roughish. I[ead rather pointed; mouth small, the teeth uniserial,
all more or less blunt, compressed, incisor-like, close set. Lateral line
with an accessory dorsal branch; upper eye on median line of top of he.ad.
A single species, on the I'acifie coast of Amei'ica. The narrow int«'rorbital
space and the vertical range of the upper eye give it a peculiar physiog-
nomy, but in most regards it is not very difterent from some of the species
of Pleuronecha, {napd, near; o0/3t^5, eyebrow, from the narrow inter-
bital.)

8009. PAROPHRYS TETIJLU8, (Sirard.

Head3^;depth2i;eye4iinhead. D.74to86; A..54to68;8caleal05(tubes).
Body elongate-el li]ttical; snout very prominent, much protruding, forming
an abrupt angle with the descending profile; depth of head opposite mid-
dle of ujiper eye about eqnaling distance from middle of orbit to snout;,
oyes large, separated by a very narrow, high ridge, the upper with vertical
range ; mouth very small ; maxillary not reacliing pupil ; teeth trei.i'hant,
small, and rather narrow, widened at tip, about 45 teeth on left side of
lower jaw; few teeth Ion right side 01 lower jaw. Accessory lateral line
long. Pectoral about ^ length of head ; caudal trunoate, 1^ in bead; iin
rays entirely scaleless; scales on body all cycloid, those on cheeks often
slightly ciliated. Uuifoim light olive brown ; the young somewhat spotted
with blackish. Pacific coast of North America, Sitka to Santa Barbara.
This small Hounder lives in waters of moderate depth. It is, next to
Platichthya 8tcUatu8, probably the most abundant of the flounders of the
California coast. {vetiiliiB, an old man.)

!+ -I i

i

Jordafi and Evermann. — FisJics of North America. 2641

rarophrys vetulua, Girabd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1854, 140, California ; OOntheb, Cat.,
IV, 455, 1862 ; LocKiNGTON, Rop. Com. Fish. Cal. 1878-73, 45 ; LocKiNOTON, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mu8. 1879, 100 ; JoKDAN & GiLBKUT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1880, 463 : Jordan &. GiLnERT,
Proc. F. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68 ; Jordan, Nat- Hist. Aquat. Anini., 185, 1884; Jordan &
Goss, Review FlouiulerH and Soles, 284, 1889.

Pleuronectes digrammui, GOnthkr, Cat., iv, 445, 1862, Victoria. (Coll. Earl Rnsscll.)

Parophnj* huhhardi, Oiix, Proc. -Vc. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 281, San Fruncisco.

J'leuroneeteg vetrUtts, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 831, 1883.

1032. INOPSETTA, Jordan & Goss.

Inopxetta, Jordan & Goss, in Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 136, 1885 {imhyriu).

This genus resembles Parophrys, differing chiefly in having the scales
less imbricated, all strongly ctenoid, and having the eyes both lateral, the
snout much leas a<'iite than in Parophrys. A single species, closely allied
to Platichthys stellalna, bnt s<^parated from it by the curious character
common to many of our Pjicific coast flounders, of having an accessory
branch to the lateral lino, (ig, strength; ipyjTTa, flounder.)

3010. INOPSKTTA IKCHYRA (.Tordan & Gilbert).

Head .Sj-; depth 2. D. 70 to 70; A. 52 to 57; V. fi; scales 85. Rody
oblong, robust; c.iudal peduncle rather loug; snout projecting, forming an
angle with the profile ; mouth oblique, the chin projecting ; teeth ,^*^, nar-
rowly incisor-like, bluntish, in a single, rather close-set series; maxillary
reaching past Iront of orbit, oj in head; eyes largo; interorbital space
ratlier broad, s<!aly, continuous with a ridge above operclc; head mostly
covered with scales like those of the body, but smaller and rougher; gill
rakers feeble; lower pharyngeals each with 2 rows of coarse, blunt teeth;
scales thick an<l firm, adherent, not closely imbricated, those in front well
apart; all the scales strongly ctenoid; blind side with sinular scales,
almost a« strongly ctenoid ; vertical fins mostly scaly ; lateral line con-
spicuous, its scales less longh than the others; a distinct short accessory
lateral line on both sides, extending to about the tenth dorsal ray, less
than \ head; a series of pores around lower eye behind; dorsal beginning
over pupil, its anterior rays low, its highest rays nearly \ length of head ;
caudal large, double truncate: pe(;toral of right side about ^ head. Light
olive-brown, vaguely clouded with light and dark; fins reddish brown;
a few roundish dusky blotches on dorsal and anal; pectoral and caudal
tipped with dusky; blind side white, immaculate, or with small, round
rusty spots; left side of hea<l sometimes rusty tinged. Puget Sound.
This species is known only from 4 specimens taken by Dr. .lordan at
Seattle in 1880. It is a large, rough flounder, with firm, vhite flesh.
{idxvpoi, robust.)

ra<-ophryt Uehyrut, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1880, 276 and 453, Puget
Sound (Coll. Dr. Jordan) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mns. 1881, 07 ; Jordan,
Nat. Hist. Aqiiftt. Anim., 185, 1884.

/'I<'uronMte« Mc/i i/ni», Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 832, 1883.

/noj>««atsc%m, Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 136, 1885; Jordan & Goss, Review Flounders
and Soles, 284, 1889.

^

, •-:(^

I l.;'fc

m

2642 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

1033. ISOPSETTA, Lockington.

Isopsetta, LorKiNGTON MS., in Jordan & Gilbeut, Synopsis, 832, 1883 (isolepii).

Body much compressed, elliptical in form; mouth rather large; the
teeth chiefly uniserial, all more or less hluut, separated, not inciBor-like;
scales closely imbricated, all strongly ctenoid ; lower pharyngeals each
with a double row of bluntish teeth. A single species found on the coast
of California. Jsopaetta approaches in many respects very close to the
large-mouthed flounders of the type of Hi^pogloaaoidca, and it may fairly
be said to be intermediate between Fsettichthya .and Lepidopsctta. Its
aOinities on the whole are nearest the latter, but the close rel.ition of the
llippogloaxina! and Pleuronectinw is clearly shown, (i'doi, equal; ipffrra,
flounder.)

soil. ISOPSETTA I$(»LEPI8 (Lockington).

Head 4 ; depth 2^. D. 88 ; A. 65 ; scales 88 ; vertebra; 10 + 32 = 42. Body
elliptical, much compressed, moderately deep, the curvature very regular;
head moderate, strongly compressed, the prolile little depressed above the
eye; eyes rather large; interorbital space broad, flattish, with several
series of scales. Scales on cheeks similar to those on body, rather large,
ctenoid, and closely imbricated. Mouth comparatively large, maxillary

reaching pupil, 3| in head; teeth not large, about .jxiu, conical, close set,
in 1 somewhat irregular series, or partly in 2 series, those on colored
side small ; lower pharyngeals each with a double row of bluntish teeth.
On the blind side the scales are more or less ctenoid, sometimes smooth ;
those on the cheeks weakly ctenoid ; most of the opercle, the pn^operde,
interopercle, and subopercle on blind side naked; lateral line with a very
slight arch in front, the depth of which is less than ^ the lengtli ; accessory
branch nearly as long as head ; fins rather low, mostly covered with ctenoid
scales. Color brownish, mottled and blotched with darker. This small
flounder is rather common oft" the co.ast of California, where it reaches a
length of about 15 Inches. It much resembles Paettichlhys melanosUchia,
but its small mouth and bhint dentition indicate a real affinity with tho
small-mouthed flounders, among which it Is here placed. Its nearest rela-
tive among our species is doubtless Lepidopsetta hilinvata. Puget Sound to
Point Concepcion, in rather deep water; not rare. {I'doi,, equal; Xsvcti,
scale.)

Lejndnpsetta vmbrosa, Lockington, rroc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 106 ; not of Girard.
Lepidopsettn istdepig, Lockinoton, Proc. TT. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 325, San Francisco.
Paiophrjis ixolepu, Jordan & Gilbert, Pro*?. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453 and 1881, 07;

Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 832, 1883; Jordan, Nat. Hist.Aquat. Anim., 180, 1884.
Ixopnetta tsolejiU, Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 136, 1885; Jordan & Goss, Review Flountlors

and Solos, 285, 1889.

1034. LEPIDOPSETTA, Gill.
Lepidoptftta, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1864, 195 (umbro»u»).

Body robust; mouth small. Teeth stout, conical, little compresseil,
bluntish, in 1 series, rather irregularly placed. Lateral line with a
diatiuot arch in front and accessory dorsal branch; scales imbricated,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2643

rough ctenoid, smooth in tho very young. A single species, iihundant on
the Pacific const of North America. It is close to Inopsetta, from which it
is separated by the arch of the latersil line, and still closer to Limanda,
from which the accessory branch of tho lateral line alone separates it.
(XeTtig, scale; ipi)Tra, flounder.)

-' lU,

8012. liEPIDOPSETTA niLI>RAT4 (Avros).

Head 3? ; depth 2 J . D. 80 ; A. 00 ; teeth *J-t_J ; scales 85, Vertebric 11 -f

29 = 40. Body broadly ovato, tbickish ; mouth moderate, turned toward
tho left side; teeth stout, conical, little compressed, blnntish, in 1 series,
rather irregularly placed. Lower pharyngeals broad, with 2 rows of blunt
teeth. Gill rakers few, very short, thick and weak, without teeth. Snout
projecting; eyes large, separated by 'a prominent ridge, which, like the
cheeks and upper portion of opercle, is covered with rough stellate scales ;
lower eye advanced; opercle, subopercle, and interoperclc of left side
scaly ; preopercle naked. Scales rather small, mostly ctenoid, not closely
imbricated, those on the blind side smooth ; scales on cheeks and other
parts of head very rough; scales of body smoother and less c'losely imbri-
(tated anteriorly, the degree of roughness variable, northern specimens
( var. iimhrosnn) being roughest. Laterallino moderately arched antc^riorly,
with an accessory dorsal branch, which is less than J length of In^'id;
height of arch less than i its length. Dorsal beginning over eye, its .inte-
rior rays low ; caudal convex ; anal preceded by a spine ; a concealed spinci
behind ventrals; rays of dorsal and anal all simple; dorsal and anal some-
what scaly ; caudal * length of head ; pectoral i head. Lower ])haryngeals
broad, each with 2 rows of blunt teeth. Yellowish brown, with numerous
round pale blot<^hes. Pacific coast of N«)rth America, Bering Stiait to
Monterey. This species is one of the commonest of tho flounders of tlie
Pacific coast, its abundance apparently increasing toward the northward.
In Bering Sea it far outnumbers all other flounders. We have specimens
from Bering Island, Medni Island, Unalaska, St. Paul, St. George, and
Chignik Bay. It reaches a weight of 5 or 6 pounds and is an inhabitaut
of shallow waters. Specimens from Puget Sound and northward are
rougher than southern specimens and constitute a slight geographical
variety, for which tho name Lepidopsetia hilineata umhroxa may be used.
This is the same as P . perarcuains of Cope, (hilineatus, two-lined.)

riatessa hilineata, Aytif.s, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Cal. 185.5, 40, San Francisco.

Plaliehthyt umbromis, (JiRARn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856. 130, Puget Sound.

Pleuro7ieetes peiaretuitvJi, Copk, Proc. Ac. Nat. S(!i. Pliila. 1873, 30, Unalaska.

I'leuronectes umhromt, GI!ntheb, Cat., iv, 454, 1802.

PleuromeU* biliiieatru, GOnthbb, Cat., iv, 444,1862; JonnAN & Gilbeht, Synopsis, 833,

1883.
Lipidopnettabilinfata, Gill, Proc. Aa. Nat. Sci. Thtta. 1864, 105; Lockinoton, Proc. U. S.

Nat.Mus. 1879, 103; Lockinoton, Rep. Com. Fislifirics Calil'omiii, 1878-79,46; .Ioudan

& GiLBEUT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1880, 453 ; Jordan & Gn.BKUT,Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis.

1881,08; Bean, Pro<!.lT. S. Nat. Miis. 1881,241; Bkan, Cat. Cell. Fish. V.S. Nat. Mua.

1883,19; Bean, Proc. T'.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 353; Jordan, Nat. Hist. A(iual. Aiilui., pi.

60, 184, 1884; JOBbAN &■ Goss, Kuviow I'lountlers aud Solea, 280, 1880.

t

¥1

1 i $h

S i!!V,-2

2644 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

1035. LIMANDA, Gottsche.
(MiTD Dabs.)

t

m.

\ I

■ it! :;#'■' ^'

;.|, .K,|

1'^

. /'^■!

1

1-

Ij

,1

^

\ 'r; ';;'-

^

-'".'
',',

T/hnanda. rrOTTscnK, Archiv fiirNatiirgscli. 1835,100 (limanda).
Myzopsetta, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.1864, 217 (ferruginea).

Tooth chiefly uniseriiil ; lateral Jine with a diHtinct arch in front, and
without accessory dorsal branch; scales imbricated, rough ctenoid; ver-
tebra* about 40. Tliis genus is closely allied to PsemlopleuroneeleSf from
which it differs only in the presence of an arch on the anterior part of the
lateral lino. {TAmaMla, an old name of the European Dab, Limanda
limanda, from livma, iinid.)

a. IIoimI lomparatively large, 3i to 4} in length.
6. Dorsal rays 85 ; niial ra.ya 62.

c. ScaU^s rather small, flO to 100 in lateral lino; scales of right side ctenoid,

closely imbricated, tliose of blind side mostly smooth; tectli conical,

close set, forming acontinuons scries, about 11 |- 30 in lower jaw; snout

abruptly projecting, forming In front of upper eye a sharp angle with

the descending profile. FBRRuniNEA, 3013.

cc. Scales larger, wide spart. about 80 in lateral line ; scales of blind side more

or less rough. aspera, 3014.

bb. Dorsal rays CO to 70; anal 47 to 53; scales small, 86 to S5; snont long, protnul-

ing; scales of blind side smooth. probimcioea, 3015.

aa. Head very short, 5J in Icngtli ; snout very short ; interorbital space very narrow.

D. 64 ; A. 63 ; scales 88. BBANU, 3016.

8018. LIMANDA FRRRUGmCA (l^torer).
(Rusty Dab.)

Head 4 in length ; depth 2i. D. 8.5; A. 62; scales 100. Body ovate-ellip-
tical, strongly compressed ; teeth small, conical, close set, in a single series
on each side in each .jaw, about 11 -j- '^0 in the lower Jaw ; snout projecting,
forming a strong angle above upper eyo, with the descending profile;
gill rakers of moderate length, very weak, not toothed; eyes moderate,
i\ in head, the lower slightly in advance of upjier, separated by a high,
very narrow ridgo, which is scaled posteriorly, and is continued backward
as an inconspicuous but rough ridge to the beginning of the lateral line;
scales imbricate, nearly uniform, those im right side rough ctenoid, those
on left side nearly or quite smooth ; scales on body rougher than on cheeks ;
caudal peduncle short, higher than long; dorsal inserted over middle
of eye, its middle rays highest; pectoral less than f leugth of head;
caudal fin rounded; anal spine present; lateral line sim))le, with a rather
low arch in front, the depth of which is barely } the leugth ; a concealed
spine behind vt'utrals ; ventral of colored side partly lateral, the other
wholly so; anal spine strong. Brownish olive, with numerous, irregular,
reddish spots ; fins similarly marked ; left side with caudal fin, caudal pe-
duncle and margins of dorsal and anal iins lemon yellow. Atlantic coast
of North Anusrica, Labrador to New York. This species is rather common
northward on our Atlantic coast. It is allied to the European Dab, but
has smaller scales and a more prominent snout. Our specimens are from
th(; east coast of Massachusetts. (/erriiyineuB, rusty red.)

!' sr

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2645

Plateim/erruijinea, D. H.Stokeu, Kepi. Fish. Mass., 141, pi. 2, 1839, Cape Ann; 1)E Kay

New Vork Fauna : Fishes, 297, pi. 48, ilf;. 155, 1842 ; SroREii, Syn. Fish. N. A., 476, 1840.
riatetm roHrata, II. R. Stoker, liust. Joiirii. Nat. Hist., vi, 1850, 268, Labrador.
Pleuroneetes ferrngiin'ut, GVmHEn, Cat., iv, 447, 1862; Jordan &. Gilbkkt, Syiioi>8i8,

834, 1882.
Myzopsetta/erruginea, Gill. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 1864, 217.
Liinatida/erruginm, GooVE, Pror. U. S. Nnt. Mus. 1880,472; GooDK, IliHt. Aqiiat. Anini.,

pi. 49, 1884; GooDE & Pean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 427, 1806; Jobuan &. Goss, Itoview

Flounders and Soles, 287, 1889.
Limanda rostrata. Gill, Pruc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217.

■ i

8014. LIMANDA ASPEBA (Pallas).
(AlJlSKA Dau.)

Head 3^; depth 2. D.69; A. 53; scales ali out 80. Vorm of Ltfpitlopsct la
hilineata. Teeth small, almost conical, on both sides of the month ; interor-
bital space narrow, scaly ; opercle and preopercle naked below ; gill rakers
very feeble; pharyngeals not very broad, their teeth blnntish, not paved;
scales small, wide apart, partly embedded, each oni; with 1 to 4 spinules,
which are almost erect; anterior scales with 3 to 4 of these spiuules; pos-
terior mostly with 1 ; scales of blind side smoother; only middle rays of
dorsal and anal scaly; uo accessory lateral line; anal spine present;
twentieth anal ray and thirty-seventh dorsal ray longest; candal double
truncate. Brown, nearly plain, the blind side with tinges of lemon yel-
low. Bering Sea, generally common, south to Vancouver Island and to the
Okhotsk Sea. We have specimens from Petropaulski and Kobben Reef,
Bristol Bay, and Herenueen Bay. It is especially abundant in Bristol
Bay, and, according to Dr. Gilbeii;, it is an excellent food-fish. Dr. Bean
has also collected it in various localities in Alaska. Its scales are larger
and rougher than in L. ferritginea which, in many respects, it reseinbleH.
A specimen from the island of Saghalien is in the museum at Cambridge.
The above description is from examples taken by Dr. Beau, {aspcr,
rough.)

Pletironecfes cuper, Pallas, Zoogr. Itosso-Asiat., lit, 425, 1811, east coast of Siberia ; GUn-

THER, Cat., IV, 454, 1862; Steindachnek, Pleuronectiden, etc., auH DecustriB Bay, 1870-

1875 ; iTordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 835, 1883.
Limanda atjiera, Bban, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 242; Bean, Cat. Coll. Fish, U.S. Nut. Mus.

1883,20; Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 354; Bean, Hist. Aquat. Aniiu., 184, pi. 48,

1884; Jordan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 288, 1889.

3016. LIMMDA PBOBOSt'IDKA, Gilbe -t.

Depth 2^ to 2^ in length; head hirge, 3 to 3\ in length in a specimen 7
inches long. D. 63 to 67 ; A. 47 to 49 ; scales 86 to 95. Resembling L.J'irru-
ginea, but having fewer rays in dorsal and anal, larger scales and longer
snout. Proiile sharply angulated above front of upper eye, the snont con-
vexly protruding ; form varying from very slender to broadly elliptical, the
2 outlines equally curved; caudal peduncle short, widening backward, its
least depth twice its length; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching beyond
front of lower eye, 4 in head; teeth narrow, little compressed, in a single
series on both sides of the jaw, extending farther back on the blind side;
eyes on right side; lower eye well in advance of upper, the diameter of

M I

^m

2646 Bulh'thi //, United States National Mtiseiim,

t', \

it j

m

pi

1

upp<!r oye 5^ to (5 in hujul, 1.J in snout; vertical from front of upper oye,
faDiug midway between front of orbit and front of pupil of lower eye;
intei'orbital space a very narrow, shai'p ridge, naked in females, with a
single series of ctenoid scales in males; gill rakers short, about e<iuul to
diaiiioter of pupil, 13 or 14 in nunib«;r, 9 or 10 on lower limb ; scab's loosoly
imbricated, cti.-uoid in males on colored sidtt, smooth in females; blind
side of both sexes smootli ; huud scaled on eyed side in males ; the operclc,
Hubopercle, interopercle, and preopcrole mostly naked in females; head
on blind sitle naked; rays of vertical Uns with a single scries of ctenoid
scales; dorsal iiii beginning slightly behind front of upper eye, the lirst 3
rays usually higher and with membranes more deeply incised than in
those which follow ; highest portions of both dorsal and anal tins behind
thc! middle of tin* body ; these tins about e«xual, their longest rays equal
to the snoi'.t and eyes; caudal f head; pectorals short, ^ in bead; ventrals
reaching beyond front of anal, 3^^ in head; the usual small antrorse spine
in front of anal tin. Color light grayish or brownish, thickly covered
with small whitish spots; entire left side Avith margins of dorsal, caudal,
and anal fins bright lemon yellow (as 'n\ ftrrmjinea) ', vertical tins grayish,
Avith an occasional dark-brown ray. Specimens described 7^ inches long.
Bering Sea; several specimens from AlhatroHS Stations 3239 and 3240, in
Bristol Bay, in llA^ to 14^ fathoms; 1 young individual from llerendeen
Bay. (Gilbert.) {probosvidvm, having a long snout or proboscis.)

Limanda iirobosciika, GihUERi, Keport U. S.Fi»h Comiu. 1893 (1896), 460, pi. 33, Bristol
Bay and Herendeen Bay. (Coll. Albatross.)

3016. LIMAMDA BKAMI, Goude.

lleadSi; depth 2?. D. 64 ; A. 63 ; scales 88. Body elliptical, with angu-
lar outlines, strongly compressed; head very short; snout abbreviated;
mouth small, subvertical ; teeth small, apparently in two rows, chiefly on
the blind side of lower .jaw; eyes large, as long as mandible; iuterorbital
space very narrow. Dorsal tin beginning about pupil, its rays long, wide
apart, exserted; right ventral near the median line; caudal broad, fan-
shaped. Lateral line with an abrupt curve, the length of which is twice
its height and about equal to length of head, its scales highly specialized;
lateral lino on colored side less developed; scales small, strongly ctenoid
on the right side; larger and cycloid on the blind side. Grayish, mottled
with darker; a conspicuous black blotch on the outer rays of caudal on
each side. (Goode.) Deep water oft' the coasts of New England; not
common. (Named for Dr. Tarleton Hoffman Beau.)

Limanda beanii, GooDE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880 (Feb. 16, 1881), 473, southern coast
New England, Fish Hawk Stations, 875, 876 ; GouDE &- Bkan, Ocoaaic Ichthyology,
428, pi. 102, tign. 355a and 3S&b, 1896.

rieuroncctis beani, Jordan & Giluebt, Synopsis, 836, 1883; Jordan &. Goss, Keview
Elouudors and Soles, 288, 1889.

1036. PSEUDOPLEURONECTES, Bleeker.
(Winter Flounders.)

Pseudopleuronectes, Bleeker, Comptes Kendus Acad. Amst., Plenron., 7, 1862 (planus).

Body oblong, with firm flesh; the scales firm, regularly imbricated,
strongly ctenoid on eyed side in both sexes; fin rays scaly; mouth small;

m-i "

f

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2647

on
not

■»).

:e(l,

ill;

teoth nuiserial, incisor-likc, close H<;t, all more or less Itlnnt; lower pbaryn-
gouls very narrow, «>ach with 2 rows of separate, conical teoth. This
genus is distinirnisbed from PleuronecUa chiefly by the well-imhricated
ctenoid scales, and from lAmanda, which it more closely resenihlus, by the
want of arch to the lateral line. Hesiiles the typical species, we ref<-r to
this genus a second from the North Pacific. (^f.uSo<;, false; riviiroiuvlvn.)
a. Voraal rays 65; anal rayo 48; Mcales 8^; vertical llnti uoarly ])Iuiii.

AMKI11(ANII8,3017.

aa. Dorsal rays 58; aual rays 38; scales 70; vortical tins with black bars.

I'lNNlKASCIATUS, 3018,

8017. l>NEUD01>IiEl'l(ONGCTES AXEUU'ANUS (Walbauui).
(Common Flatkish; Winteu Flounukb.)

Head 4 in length; depth 2^. 1).65; a.48; scales 83. Body elliptical;
an angle above eye. Head cov( ^d above with imbricated, strongly
ctenoid scales, similar to those on the body ; blind side of head nearly
naked; iuterorbital space rather broad, strongly <!onvex, its width .4 eye,
entirely scaled; teeth compressed, incisor-like, widened toward tips,
close sot, forming a (continuous cutting edge; some of teeth often einargi-
nat(^, sometimes movable; right side of each jaw toothless. Highest
dorsal rays less than length of pectorals, and more than i length of
head; anal spines present. Dark rusty brown, spotted or nearly plain;
young olive brown, more or less sjtotted and blotched with reddish.
Atlantic coast of North America, from Labrador to Che8ai)eake Bay. This
small flounder is one of the most abundant of the group on our Atlantic
coast. Tt reaches a length of about 15 inches and a weight of less than 2
pounds. It is a very good food-fish and sells readily in the markets.
Along the south coast of Massachusetts this species is more abundant than
any other of the flatfishes. The specimens examined by us are from Labra-
dor, Cape Bretcm, Auticosti, Grand Menan, Boston, Provincetown, Woods
Hole, New Bedford, and Somers Point, New Jersey.

Flounder, Schopf, Solirift. GeseHscbaft Naturforscber Frounde, vni, 1788, 148, New York.
riewronectea amerieanus, Walbacm, Artedi Piscium, 113, 1792, bused on tbe Flovnder of

Schopf ; Bloch Kc Schneider, Syst. Ichtb., 150, 1801; GCnthbb, Cat., iv, 443,1862;

Jordan & Gilbbht, Synopsis, 837, 1883 ; Stearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 125.
rieuronectes planus, Mitchu.i., Trans. Lit. &. Pliiloa. Soc. N. Y., i, 1815, 387, New York.
riatessa ptmlla, De Kay, Now York Fauna: Fishes, 296, pi. 47, fij;. 153, 1842, New York;

S'lOREB, Synopsis, 477, 1846.
I'latetta plana, Stokek, Kept. Fislies Mass., 140, 1839; Db Kay, New York Fauna:

Fishes, 295, pi. 49, fig. 158, 1842 ; Stobbr, Synopsis, 476, 1846.
l'seudopleuronectegj)la7iu»,'liiXEKKR, Comptes Keudus Amstord., xin, 1862, 7.
rsetidopleuroneeti's amerieanus. Gill, Proc;. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 216 ; Goode, Nat. nist.

Aquat. Auim., 182, pi. 44,1884 ; Jordan & Goss, Keview Flounders and Solus, 280, 1889.

3018. PSEUDOPLEUBONECTES PINMFiSCIATUS (Kner).

Head 3i in body; depth 2^. D. 58; A. 38; scales 70; eye 5'^ in head;
snout 5; highest anal ray 2; pectoral 2; caudal 4^ in body. Body sub-
elliptical, the snont rather pointed and not forming an angle above eye;
mouth rather small, raaxillary reaching scarcely to the middle of the lower
eye; interorbital space rather broad, i width of eyo; a rather prominent

>.v:

.: *

t ■

1

m

fSM^i

1 ■ -:■'■■:■ ^'kJ4

^.....M

m
W

11 ■

! i

! !

if.k

2048 Diilletin ^y, United Staics National Museum.

rngoHe ridgo above opercle, with a amaller similar ridge behind it; botli
sides of jaws with teeth, those un blind Mi<le stronger; origin of dorsiil
over middle of upper eye. Color l>rowu, with vague duKky spots; 6 or 7
blackish vertical Itars on dorsal and anal; similar lengthwise blotches un
caudal. Okhotsk Sea, cast to ramcbatka. (Steindachner.) Not seen by
us. From the excellent iigure Ave conclude that it belongs to I'seudo-
pleuroncctes, although its pharyngeals have not licen described. It seems
to us nearer to F. amerioanus than to Liopaetta ylacialis. {pinna, tin;
faaoiatua, banded.)

rieuroneeles ^n'rin^/iMciadM, Knek, iu Steindaciinek, Ueber einige I'leuroiiectiden, et*;.,
HUH Di^costris Bay, 2, pi. 1, itg. 1, 1870, Decastris Bay, mouth of Amur River; Juk-
DAM &, Goss, Boview Flouuders iiud Soles, 290, 1880.

1037. PLEURONECTES (Artedi) Liunujus.
(Plaick.)

I'leurotteetet, Abtedi, Genera, etc., in jiart, 10, 1738.

Pleuroiieetet, Linn.£US, Syat. Nat., Ed. x, 208, 1758 {plateasa) ; included nil known Pleuro-

neetidce.
riategga, Cuvikb, Kogne Animal, Ed. 1, u, 220, 1817 {plate$m).
I'leuronectei, Swainsun, Xat. Hist. Cluss'u Anini., 11, 302, 1830 {platesm).
Pleuroneetes, Blkekbu, Comptos Itendus Acad. Auisterd., xiu, 1802 (platesta) ; iind of niOHt

recent autliora.

Body oblong, with tirm llesh. Mouth small, teeth uniserial, incisor-like,
compressed, forming a coittiuuous cutting edge. Lateral line straightish,
without arch or accessory dorsal branch. Scales imperfectly imbricated,
chietly cycloid in both sexes ; lower pharyngeals small and narrow, sepa-
rate, each with 1 or 2 rows of small bluntish teeth. No stellate scales
along bases of dorsal an«l anal. Species mostly European; valued as food.
(itXevpoVfSide', venrifi, swimmer.)

8010. PLEURONECTES QUADBITl'BERt'VLATUS, Pallas.

Head 3 J ; depth 2. D. 68 ; A. .50 ; scales 78. Mouth very small, with small,
incisor-like teeth, rounded at tip. Eyes separated by a narrow ridge ; about
.5 small, prominent, conical, obtuse, bony tubercles in a row above the oper-
cle, continuous with the direction of the lateral line, which is straight,
without accessory dorsal branch ; tubercle above opercle largest. Scales
small, cycloid in all specimens examined. Anal spine present. Grayish,
mottled with paler and with round black spots; tins very dark. Bering
Sea on both coasts, south to Kadiak; not common. Our specimens from
Avatcha Bay, Bristol Bay, Herendeen Bay, Chernofsky Harbor, Orantley
Harbor, Chignik Bay, and Robben Island. The above description from a
small specimen (No. 28025, U. S. Nat. Mus. ) collected by Mr. W. J. Fisher at
Kadiak. The species proves, as suspected by Jordan & Goss, to be a true
Pleuroneetes, having the lower pharyngeals narrow, separate, with 2 rows
of bluntish teeth, {quadritubercalatiia, having four tubercles.)

Pleuroneetes quadritubereulatus, Pallas, Zoogr. Bosso-Asiat., ni, 423, 1811, sea between
Kamchatka and Alaska; Bean, Froc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1881, 241 ; Jordan & Gilbbbt,
Synopsis, 836, 1883.

Plmroneettis paUa$ii, Steindachnbr, Iclith. Beitr., vni, 45, 1879, Kamchatka.

Parophrys quadritubereulatui, GIjntheb, Cat., iv, 456, 1862.

Plategia qtiadritubereiilata, Jokdan & Guss, Keview Flounders and Soles, 292, 1889.

Jordan and livamann.— Fishes of North America. 2049

11

etween

IlLBBRT,

1038. LIOPSETTA, tiill.
(Ekl-uaik Fi.()i;ni>ki{is.)

LiopiieUa, Gli.L, I'roc. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liilu. 1804, 217 njhtbei) ; I'oiimlt'H.
HiiehalaroduM, Gill, I'ruc. Ac. Nut. Sci. I'liilu. 1804, '2'2'2 {jnitnami) ; idu'ich.

Teeth chiotly uniHcrial, iiunsor-like; sculea iiuporfectly imbricated,
rough ctenoid iu the uialU; inure or Icsh cycluid in tlio female (Uu rays
Hcaly iu tlie male, naked in the femalt>) ; lower pharyngeals very large,
more or less united in the adult, their surface Homcwhat concave, with
teeth in 5 or 6 rows, large, hlunt, close set; lateral lino without arch
or dorsal branch. This genus comprises several species of small llouuderS
of the Arctic suas. The genus is distinguished by the large, half-united
pharyngeals, as also by the peculiar squamation, the scales in the males
being very rough, in the females smooth. This ditterence has given rise
to the nominal genus JJiichalarodua, based on the males, while Liopmila was
based on the smoother femiiles, which were erroneously supposed to be
scaleless. (/le/05, smooth; iprfTZiX, llounder.)

a. Duraul rays 55 or 56; anal 40 to 42.

b. Pectoral tin short, ^ length of head in males, shorter in females. (U.aciai.18, ;iU20.

bb. Pectoral iin lon;r, 1^ iu head in males, nearly 2 in femnles. I'Utnami, ;io2I.

aa. Dorsal rays 50 to 02; anal 45 or 46; pectoral Ijj in head in mules. uiiscuUA, 3022.

SOiiO. LIOPSKTTA (JLACIALIS (Pallus).
(Arctic I'loundek.)

Head 4; depth 2^. 1).56;A. 42. Viwrnoi Hopitctta pntnami. A rough-
ened ridgj above the cheeks and ©pennies on the. eyed side. Eyes separated
by a narrow, smooth, bony ridge. Scales minute, embedded, nouimbri-
cate, ctenoid in the males, smooth in the females; scales on blind side
similar, less developed ; scales of lateral line a little larger. Teeth col-
ored, incisor-like, forming an even edge, mostly on blind side. An anal
spine; pectorals short. Dark brown, the fins spotted. Arctic shores of
Alaska and Siberia, south in Bering Sea to Petropaulski, St. Michaels, and
Bristol Bay. Our specimens from Port Clarence, Petropaulski, Bristol
Bay, mouth of Nushagak River, and Kotzebue Sound; the description
from specimens from the last-named locality taken by Dr. Bean. It is
said to be abttndant iu the Arctic Ocean and as far south as Bristol
Bay. " Although small, its great abundance and fine liavor make it impor-
tant as an article of food." The male is the rough fish described by Pallas
as P. cicatrico8it8. The smoother female is Dr. Giinther's Pleiironccics frank-
Unii, the sexual differences being much a? *n Liopsetta putttami, Lioxtaeiia
dvinensia of the northern coasts of Russia may be the same species, {yla-
cialia, icy.)

I'leuronectei glacialis, Pallas, Itin., iii, App., 706, mouth of River Obi ; Klocii \^
ScHNEiDUB, Syst. Ichth., 150, 1801 ; Pallas, Zoogr. Kosso-Aaiat., iii, 424, 1811 ; Richard-
son, FaunaBor.-Amer., Fish., 258, 1836 ; De Kay, N.Y. Fauna : Fishes, 302, 1842 : Stoukh,
Synopsis Fish. N. A., 479, 1846; Bean, Proc.TJ. S.Nat. Mus. 1881, 241; Jordan & GiL-
iiERT, Synopsis, 837, 1883; Bean, Cat. Coll. Fish. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, 1883; Bean, Nat.
Hist. Aquat. Anim., 184, pi. 47, 1884.

Pleuronectea eieatricoitui, PALLAS, Zoogr. liosso-Asiat., iii, 424, 1811, male, sea between
Kamchatka and Alaska.
3030 89

j'l:

i:

i ii!

' ^1

1 ^B

IB

1

m

m

li050 Diilletin /7, United States National Museum.

I I'latama dvineniiiii, Lii,i.ii!:H(>Hn,Vcl). All. Hniidl. 1850, :i60, tnli.20, mouth of River Dwina.
J'leuroneelvn/rankiiiiii, UOntiiek, (jut. FIhIi., iv,442. 1802, Arctic Beas of America, feiiiulu;

liKAN, I'roc. U. S. Nut. Mu8. 1881, 241.
Liojiietta glaeialii, J OHD AH & (ioHS, Keviuw Floiiii(ier8 niul Solus, 2UD, pi. 1?, 1880.

8021. LIOPNKTTA FUTNAMI ((iill).
(Ekl-iiack Fioundkk.) -

Head 3^; depth 2. D. 55; A.40; scales 70 (poros). Body oblong, ovat<s
Eyes rather Bniall, separated by a naked elevated ridge. Jaws sometimes
each with 2 distinct rows of teeth, the interrupted outer series of truncatt;,
close set, thickish, incisor-like teeth, which are sometimes movable; the
Inner row of similar teeth luore widely set and rather distant from tlut
outer row (and often or generally wanting) ; about 20 teeth in onU'v row
in lower jaw; right side of each jaw toothless; interorbital ridge contin-
uous, with a broad, naked, smoothish, tuberculose ridge, which joins the
lateral line. Scales small, distant, iioniuibricate, smooth in the female,
and more or less ctenoid in the male, those on blind side smaller. Fins
moderate, somev;hat scaly; anterior rays of dorsal low; pectoral a little
more than ^ head ; bases of vertical iins not tuberculate ; ami! spine pres-
ent; lower pharyngeals separate, broad, with coarse teeth. Grayish
brown, mottled with darker brown; fins with blackish spots. Length 10
inches. Atlantic coast of North America, from Cape Cod northward to
Labrador and beyond; occasionally found in abundance. This species is
rather common along the coast of northern Massachusetts and northward
to Labrador. Specimens are frequently found in the markets, mixed with
those of Pseudopleuronevtes americanus. The numerous specimens in our
possession were found in the markets of Indianapolis, having been sent
thither from lioston. The remarkable sexual differences in the species
have been fully discussed by Dr. Bean (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 345), the
form formerly called Eiichalarodna putnami being the male, and that called
ricuronecics tjlahcr being the female of the same species. These conclu-
sions of Dr. Bean are fully corroborated by our series of specimens in
which both sexes are fully represented.

Although Liopsetta putnami is abundant where found, its ascertained
range is somewhat limited. The specimens in the United States National
Museum represent localities from Salem, Massachusetts, to Belfast, Maine.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology th«( localities represented are Prov-
idence, Boston, Salem, Grand Manan, and Labrador. (Named for Prof.
Frederic Ward Putnam. )

riatesta glabra, Stobek, Proc. Boston Soc. Kat. Hist. 1843, 130, foroale, Massachusetts;
Stokku, Syn. Fish. N. A., 477,1846; Stobeb, Hist. Fish. Mass., JiH), pi. 31, Hg. 1, 1867;
Putnam, Bull Essex Inst., vi, 1874, 12; not Platesta glabra of Kathke, 1837, a specdos
of Fletus.

Euehalarodut putnami, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 216-221, Salem, Massa-
chusetts (Coll. F.W.Putnam), male; Gill, Heport U.S. Fish Comm. 1873,704; Goode
& Bean, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arl^s, xiv, 1877.

LiopsfXta glabra. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217.

Plmroneetetglaher, GiLL, Keport U. S. Fish Comm. 1873, 704 ; Gooue & Bean, Amor. Jourii.
Sci. .and Arts, xiv, 1877, 476; xvii, 1870, 40; Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. If 78,
347; JoitDAN & GiLUBBT, Synopsis, 836, 1883; GooDU, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anira., 183, pi.
45, 1884.

Liopsetta inttnami, Jubuan &. Goss, Ueview Flounders and Sules, 204, pi. 16, 1889.

"• f^fT '"3t'»';^'^"^'

'^;r/-:'V'ij^Ar^y_'I^j'.-— -

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 2051

Wit. I.IOPNKTTA 0HS<;|:KA (Herzniisttiiii).

To tliiB B]tocies w<i rufur 2 iiialus fn>iii Hhaiia Hiiy, Ituriip iHlaml. Tho
scah-B on the coloi'tjil hIJo are overywheruHtroii^ly ctenoid mid iiiiltricatud,
while ill Hurzensteiu'a types (siippoatMl to be loiiialrH) thoy wore cyrloid.
In our sprciiiK'iis tho head is soimnvhat Hiiialh'i-, 3,'-'„ in It'iijrth iiisteud of
:{,',( to H§; the depth is greater, 2\ in length instead of 2>' to 2lj; tho inter-
orbital space Ih c(>v<'red with very lino H<-aleH, not naked; the curve of tlu!
lateral lino sceiim more marked, its cord contained 5 instead of (> times in
tho straight portion. All of the fliis are higher than in the fema^^ types,
the pectoral of colored side being Ijj head, the caudal li, the ventral J
iiead, and the higln^st dorsal ray 1;^. Some of these ditVereiices may well
be sexual. The low«;r pharyngeals are short and broad, the two closely
appressed but united in our specimens, 27 and 2!) cm. long. The teeth are
large and very blunt, like cobble stones, and are arranged in 1 row along
the outer edge ; a row of larger teeth along tho inner edgw, and a short
i»»w along the posterior edge of th«) triangle. The, arrangement is very
similar is that found in A. glacialia, but here a few small teeth, without
delinite arrangement, are interposed in the middle of the bon«% between
the third series describeil. Dorsal 59 and 02; anal 15 and 4(>; tubes in tho
lateral lino 70. Color on eyed side uniform dark brown on body and liiis,
the extreme tips of tho tin rays white; on blind side yellowish white, with
a few irregular scattered dark spots; dorsal and anal yellowish at base,
becoming more or less mottled with dusky on distal half, the fins marked
with broa<l darL bars parallel with the rays, about 7 on the anal tin, 10 or
11 on the dorsal; caudal light on basal half more or less blotched with
darker, becoming black posteriorly. With this species we identify also a
numbur of young individuals, 9 to 15 em. long, from the same locality
(Iturup Island). They are probably young females, but the viscera are in
such condition as to prevent positive determination. The scales are per-
fectly smooth, but in other respects they agree perfectly with the adult
males, except in their m»u'e varie«l coloration ; head and body brownish,
profusely spotted in coarser or finer jiattern with light gray; also with u
few scattered black spots edged with gray; markings on tho fins as
described for adults. In 7 specimens the dorsal contains (50, 02, 62, 62, 6^1,
65, and 66 rays; anal 45, 45, 45, 46, 47, 47, 48. Sea of Okhotsk. Our
spei'imeus from Shana Bay, Iturup Island, one of theKurils; originally
described from Mantchuria. (obscurua, dark.)

I'leuronectca ohseurut, HKKKSNtiTKlN, Mi'tlnnges Biologitiiies, 127, 1800, Mantchuria.
Liupsetta ohieuray Jordan Sc Gilbeut, 'iep. Fur Seal Juvost., 1898.

1039. PLATICHTHYS, (Jirard.
(Starry Flounders.)

Platichthys, GiRARU, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 130 (rugosus^^stellalut).

Body very robust, broad, not greatly compressed. Mouth small ; teeth
chiefiy uuiserial, incisor-like. Scales all in both sexes and on both sides
of body reduced to coarse scattered stellate tubercles, which are not

''if'

•i:A

*■: v:- im

lir

ii

iili

life iiili^

2652 BiiUctin //, United States National Musc7im.

imbricated ; siini'.ur tubercles between bases of dorsal and anal rays ; lateral
line Avithont scales, with no anterior arch or accessory lateral line; lower
pharyngeals broad, each with 3 rows of blunt coarse teeth. A single
species, the largest of the small-mouthed flounders, and distinguished
from related forms chiefly by the development of coarse stellate tubercles
instead of scales. (arAar 1)5, flat; /^Gvs, lisb.)

»02:t. rLATICHTMYS STKLLATI N (Pullas).
(Gkeat Flounukk.)

«

Head 3i ; depth 2. D. 58; A. 42. Vertebral 34. Body broad and short,
the snout forming a slight angle with the profile; lower jaw projecting;
interocular space rather broad, with very rough 8<'alcs; large rough scales
at base of dorsal and anal rays and on sides of head; similar but smaller
scales scattered over the body; lateral line smooth; fins without scales;
a cluster of bony prominences above opercle. Teeth incisor-like, trun-
cate, rather broad, j^^. Lower pharyngeals broad, with eoarse i)aved
teeth. Dark brown or nearly black, with lighter markings; flns reddish
brown; dorsal and anal with 4 or .') vertical black bands; caudal with
3 or 4 black longitudinal bauds. Pacilic coast of America, from I'oint Con-
copcion to the Arctic Ocean and south to the Amur River. Tiii., is one of
the largest of the American flounder , reaching a weight of 15 to 20
pounds. Of tlie snuill-mouthed flounders it is nmch the largest siieeies
known. It is an excellent food-tish, and from its siice and abundance it is
one of the most important of the group in tho region where it is found, con-
stituting half the +.otal catch of flounders on our Pacific coast, and it is
equally abundant in Jiering Sea. It lives in shallow water and sometimes
ascends the larger rivers. It is one of the most widely distributed of all
the flounders, its range extending from San Luis Obispo, where it was
obtained by Tordau «&. Gilbert, to the mouth of the Anderson and Colville
rivers on the Arctic coast, where it was observed by Dr. TJean, and to
Port Clarence, where Mr. Scofield obtained specimens. We have also
specimens from Petropaulski, Itering, Medni, and Robben islands and
from Bristol Bay. A specimen from the island of Saghalieu in Asia is in
the museum at Cambridge, {stellatua, starry.)

rieitronectea utellaticn, Pallas, Zoograpkiu liosHO-Asiutica, in, 416, IBU, Kamchatka,
Aleutian and Kuril Islands; GUnthek, Cat., IV, 443, 1862; Steindachnku, Plour. vou
Dociistris Bay, 1870, 1; Joudan & GiLMKKT, Proc. U. S Nut. M us. 1880, 453; Jokpan &.
(JiLBKiiT.Proc. U.S. NntMiis. 1881, 68; 15KAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1881, 420; Jou
i)A\ &. GiLiiEitr, SyiiopHis 835, 1883; Bean, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 353; Bean.
Cat. Coll. l''i»h.U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 20; Jordan, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 184, pi. 16,
1884.

riatichthtjH rugnsui, GiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Plilla. 1854, "39, 155, Sen Francisco;
Presidio; Petaluma; Gii'.AHD, l'. S. Pac. K. il. Surv., x, Fishes, 148, 1858.

J'luteum (.tellata De Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishen, 301, 1842; Stoheb, SyuopsiB, 478, 1846.

PlaHchthfis ttellntus, Lockinqton, Hep. Com. Fish. Cal. 1878-79, 43; Lockinoton, Proc.
U. a. Nat. Mut). 1879,91; Jubuan & Coss, Koviuw Flounders and Soles, 296, 1889.

Jordan and Rvcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2053

1040, MICROSTOMUS,* Gottsche.
(Smeak Dabs.)

Micfo»tom,VM, GoTTSCHK, Archiv fur Naturge»ch. 1835, 150 (laiiAfna) ; not Microstoma, Risso,

1826.
Cjinici.glotsuB, Bonapakte, Fanna Italica, 1837, faac, xrx (eynoglixxnt, Nilsson, not of L.).
Cynogloua, BoNAi'ARTK, Catalofio Metoclico Peso' Kuropei, 48, \%\^ (microeephalvi) -, not

Oynorlosms, Hamilton, 1822.
lirachjfprotopon, liLEEKEU, ConiptcH Itenilua Acad. Sci. Amstenl., xin, PIeiiron.,7, 1862

(mMrocephaltu).
Ciinieoglonsut, Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 460, 1883 (viierocephaliit).

Body elongate, oompresscfl ; month very Hinall; teeth broad, incisor-
like, on blind sido only; scales small, all cycloid; vertebra", ininieroiis
(48 to 52) ; dorsal rays 90 to 100; anal rays 70 to 85; anal spine obsolete;
left side of skull itormal, without mucous cavities; ventral iins with 5
rays each. Arctic seas. This genus is widely separated from Phurnnectes

* We hi^re retain tlie generic name Mientntomuf:, although in nccordanco with recent
usage of most ornitliologists and ichthyologists, it should i.>c suppressed, as identical
witli Mieroktoma. The two words are from the same root, nuil diner only in the termi-
nation. But is not this difference enough? The code of nomenclature ot the American
Ornithologists' I'nion very properly declares that "n name is only a name, and has no
necessary meaning." and therefore no necessarily correct spelling, cxceiit the spelling
sttlected by the writer from whom it dates its origin. As a result of this, the original
s])Klling of each generic nitme is (undoubted misprints aside) the orthography to be adopted,
fcgardless of all tpiestions as to the correct etymology of the word. As a necessary
sui|uence, it seems to us that all generic niimea, uo'tactually preoccupied by names Hpellctl
in the same way, sliiiuld be teniil>le. There is no other certain boundary lino between
names tenable and names untenable. We therefore regard .til geit'tric nanies as available
unless used in zoology earlier and in exactly \\\r same orthogranhy. Among American
Kcnera of fishes wo may therefore use the following, notwitna'tandiug their earlier
analogies:

Micrt)*toimi» for

HeteroiUmtua

Luennia

nij/mallu*

Nebris

Xiphidion

Amitra

Scytalina

Lngochila

Auchenopterus

Lyopselta

Lexicon

Pteropliryne

Seapnirh'ynchus

Lepidiori

Oramma

Stenotomus

Oifnieoglos»n» notwithstand
C'ettraeion

Choregon

Xiplmter

Monmuitra

HetitnlitetiM

Otiatxilabia

Vrewnohntft

Myloleucvn
Pteroph ri/noidet
Scaph irh tfii ehopg
natoparphyrua

ing the prior Microtloma.
Ilelerodon.
Lucanug.
Thumalut.
Neb Ha.
Xiphiditini.
A mill lit.
lf<ciitalinuH.
Lagocheihts.
Avcheinpterun.
Liopsetta.
Leucua.
Pterophrynua.
Seaphorhynchut.
Lipidia.
Orammia.
Stenotoma.

If Mieroatmnui be discarded, the next name in order of date is Cynicoglosaut.

The following is Bonaparte's definition of Cynieogloasua as quoted by Uill (Proc. Ac.
Nat. Sci. J'liilit. 1864,222):

"Socundo «N Cynieogloaaus nob. cho come il PI. cynogloastu L. ha la linea Interale retta,
la bocca piccola, i denti come qnello di sopra [Plateisa] ma la nmscelle iguale, con labbra
tiu'gide, e 1' ano senza spina. "

Later, in his Catalogo Metndico dei Pesci duropei, Bonaparte changes this name from
Vijuicdgloaius to Cynoijlossh, giving the sule species as Gynogloa$amicroeephala,M\A quot-
ing as its synonytii " Pleuroneetea eifuogloaaua, N. Nilss. , stiowing that his identification
of the Linmean species coincided with that of N^ilsson, who at first used the name "Plfu-
riineetea eynonlotaus" for the present species instead of the species of Olyptoo'phalua. In
lionaparte's Catalogo, Olypt«cephalua, Gottsche, is regarded by Itonapartoassynonymons
with Platessa.

It is thus evident, as Ur. Gill has suggested, tiiat Bonapario meant to refer to the
I'leuroufctea niicrocfphalun insteail of /'(. cynoqloaaun, he " having followed Nilsson in his
erroneous identification" of the latter with the former. In further evidence of this wo
have the fact that Cynieoglnmia mierocephalua {kitt) has no anal snino, while snch a spine
is firesent in the species of Olyiitocephalvt. We would be, thereroro, Justilied in the use
ol' Vynicorilo8au.s instead of the later Urachyfiroaopov , if Mieroatoniux should be regarded
ns ineligible uu account of the prior name Microntoma. (Jordan &. Guss.)

m

^:3' ,;

i r

i'HB

mi'. ■

Hi i

2054 Btilletin ^7, United States National Museum.

»nd its allies by its greatly increased number of vertebriP, a character
accompanied by a similar increase in tlio number of fin rays. It is close
to f!lyptocrj}halu8, but the lack of the cavernous structure of the bones
of the head, a structure peculiar to the species of that genus, sufficiently
distinguishes it. (/ntKpd?, BniaW; drojua, month.)

a. Dorsnl ra^'s 85 to 03; anal rays 70 to 76; bead very small, about 5 in Icngtb; eye 4

in beaiT. kitt, 3024.

aa. Dorsal rays 102; annl ray Sr> ; bead <!} in length ; eye 3 in bead. pacificus, 3025.

»024. MII;B0ST0NUK kitt (Walbaum).

(Smear Dab.)

Head .5J in length; depth 2^. D. 85 to 93; A. 70 to 76; scales 130; caudal
li in head; pectoral IJ. Body moderately elongate; mouth small, the
maxillary not reaching; t<» front of lower eye; tec^th on blind side eonieal,
rather comjiressed and blunted, 11 to 13 on either jaw ; eyes close togeth(^r,
the lower slightly in advance; gill rakers short, not numerous. Origin
of dorsal above middle of upper eye, its rays larger in the posterior half
of body; pectorals about equal in size; no spine before anal; caudal
rounded; head, except snout, entirely scaled ; scales cycloid; lateral line
with a small curve ; vertebric 13 -j- 35=48. Color dull yellowish, blotched,
and with dark spots, especially over the chest and along the base of anal
fin; dark blotches and spots on anal, caudal, and ventral fins; <lark base
to pectoral, which has also some cloudy markings. (Day.) Seas of the
north of Europe in rather <leep water, south to Cornwall. Recorded by
St«dudac'.ner (its PlcnroiHctes giUi), from the sea between Iceland and
Greenland. This small flounder is rather common in the waters of north-
ern Europe. It reaches the length of a foot or more, and is said to be
excellent as food. Like its congener, Mm'oatomns padficus, this species
is very slimy in life. Ph-uroncctca (filli, as described by Dr. Steindach-
ner, seems to ditter from Microatomua kitt only in the larger head, which
is but i^ in the length to base of caudal. It is probably not specifically
distinct from the latter: Only a single specimen, 10^ inches long, is
known. (En.) (The specific name "Mtt," given by Walbaum on the
authority of Jago's description, should be adopted for this species. Ac-
cording to Day, the species is still calh'd " kitt " on the coa«t of Cornwall.)

lihomlms latin cornuhien»i$,jAQO, in Kay, "Syu. VifC, 162, tab. 1, fig. 1, 1713."

The Smear Dab, Pennant, Itritisb Zoology, ui, 230, pi. 41, 1770.

I'leuriiuPcU'g *««, Walbai'm, Artodi Pisciuni, ni, 120, 1792, after Ray; the description in

part confused witb tbat of Lejndorhomhtit.
J'lev nmeete$ lcevi». SHAW. Gen'l Zool., iv, 299, 1803.

PUunmecteg ijvenseU, H<"ilb<")li., Boliuab'ins Fiske, iv, 50, 1821, Bohuslans, Sweden.
Plpuroneetesi/uadridi-nfi, Fabricius, Kongl. Danak.Vid. Selsk. Afhaudl., i, 39, 1824, Iceland.
Mieriittomtit latiden$, Gottschk, .Vre/.v fur Naturgscli. 1835, 150, Zealand.
Plfiironectes (filli, STKixoAriiNER, Icbtb. Notizen, vii, 40, 1868, Polar Sea north of Iceland.
Plnironecteg micioeeplialut, Donovan, liritisb Fislies, n, pi. 42, 1802; GUnthkk, Cat., iv,

447; Steindachneh, Iclitli. Ucitr., viii, 47; Day, Fisbes Great Kritain, n,28, pi. 102;

CoLi.ETT, Norges Fiske, 145, and of recent European writers generally.
Pleuronectei micro$tomuii, Fabku, IhIs, 886, 1828.

Plalessa viicrocephala, Fi.bmino, Itritisb Anini., 198, 1828, and of nnmerons writers.
CyHorilmga niierocephala, Uonai'ARTE, Cntalogo Mot<Hlico Pesci Eur., 48, 1845.
Mierottomua kitt, JuuuAN & Goss, liuxiew of Flounders and Soles, 1886, 208.

(j.vi-.-;.'ir;.*,, ,;.*>•<•

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2G55

8025. HIVBOSTOMUS PACIFICVS (Lockliigton).
(Slippery Sole.)

Head 4^ in body; depti 2|. D. 102; A. 85; scales 140; eye 3^ in head;
maxillary 5; pectoral !]{; greatest height of dorsal 2j^; anal 2^; caudal
Ij^; vertebriB 12 + 40 = 52. Body elongate, elliptical; mouth small, the
maxillary reaching just past front of lower eye; teeth long and broad,
forming a continuous cutting edge, on blind side only, about 10 teeth on
lower jaw ; eyes very large, nearly twice as long as snout, the upper oven
with profile above; iuterorbital a narrow scaly ridge; gill opening adnato
to shoulder girdle above pectoral ; gill rakers short, 8 below angle, 5 or 6
very small scarcely developed ones above; scales small, cycloid, not
closely imbricated, lateral liiie nearly straight. Origin of dorsal Hliglitly
behind middle of upper eye, caudal truncate or slightly rounded. Color
«»1ive brown, blotched on body and tinH with darker, all fins blackish
toward the ends of the rays. Pacific coast of North America, Monterey to
Uniilaeka, in rather deep water, 15 to 50 fathoms; common. Here de-
scribed from a specimen, about 14 inches in length, from Albatrons Station
2927, ofi liie coast of California. This smaU flounder abounds in deep
water about San Francisco, but comes near the shore farther north. It is
exceedingly slimy when first taken. The large individuals are considered
excellent as food; the smaller are thrown away. It rarely reaches the
weight of a pound.

aitjptocephalus padfieut, Lockinoton, Rep. Cal. Com. FisherieH, 1878-79, 43, off Point
Reyes, California; LocKiNaTON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 86 j Jordan, Nat. Hist.
Aquat. Anim., 188, 1884.

GynieogloKni* paeijieus, Jordan &. Oilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 4.53: Jordan &
Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 838, 1883.

Microttoinut 2'<tcifietis,JoKUATi &. Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 299, 1889.

m

.! !

is

1041. EMBASSICHTHYS, Jordan »Sr Evermann.

Embastichthyt, Jordan & Evermann, Check- List Fislies, 506, 1896 (bathybiun).

This genus is a deep sea representative of Microstovius, from which it
differs in the increased number of vertebne (63 instead of 48 to 52). Its
fin rays are ('orre8pon«lingly increased, the body is deeper than :u Micros-
tomus, and it has teeth on both sides of the Jaws, as in (Hjiplocephalus.
(iv, in; fidd&oi, for /HixOv^Aeo]}; ix^vi, fish; a fish in the depths.)

3020. EMBASSICHTHYS BATHYBIV8 (Gilbert).

Head 4 to ^ in length ; depth 2 to 2^. D. Ill to 117 ; A. 96 to 98 ; vorte-
brse 14 -f- 49 =63. Body oval, very thin and deep, the greatest depth at
anterior third of body ; upper profile very abruptly angulated opposite
hinder margin of upper pupil, the anterior half of head conspicuously pro-
truding beyond gent^'al outline. Caudal nearly sessile, the i)eduncle very
short. Mouth small, maxillary about ji length of head in specimens 1 foot
long. Teeth broad incisors, slightly notched at tip, nearly equally devel*
ope<l on blind and colored sides, 21 on blind side of lower jaw, 10 on

: -I

I.

inv

i

■1

i

If'

1 1:1

I St

2C66 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

colored side. As in other members of thin group, the lower jaw ih the
longer, the npper teeth included. luterorhital space wholly scaled, with
a very high, rather sharp '^-shaped ridge. Eyes very large, the upper
entering larf>:ely into the upper profile, the lower niucJi in advance; front
margin of upper orbit on vertical of front of lower pnp'l; diameter of
upper eye 2*^ to 2^ in head. Anterior nostrils of both sides in rather long
tubes, the ])08terior margins produced to form short ilaps. Preopercular
margins adnate, as usual, concealed by scales. No conspicuous mucous
excavations on blind sida. Gill rakers weak and rather short, 10 or 11 on
anterior of arch. Scales very small, cycloid, in about IfiS cross rows, the
tnbes of hiteral line much fewer, not regularly arranged; over 50 longi-
tiulinal rows above lateral line. Dorsal beginning over posterior edge of
pupil; fins low, the highest dorsal rays behind middle of body, I length
of head; caudal rounded, 1.^ in head; pectorals 2 in head; ventrals small,
e.'ich with .5 rays, as in Mierostomua pacijicua. {Oljiptoccphahia cifnoylosaim
and zachiruK have 6 rays in each ventral.) Color of eyed side warm
brown, darker toward margins, becoming black on vertical fins; every-
where on body and tins coarsely blotched with light blue, the " arks
so arranged on npper and lower thirds of sides as to form 5 broad bui* of
bluish, alternating with those of the ground color, and correspondiag
above and below ; lips and branchiostegal membranes black; blind side
dnsky brownish. This- well-marked species differs from the species of
MhroKtomnx in its much greater depth and brigiii coloration, and in having
teeth well developed on both sides of Jaws, as in the s]>ecies of Glypto-
cephalns. Two specimens from the Santa Barbara Channel, in deep water.
(Gilbert.) (^<rOi'??, deep; /i/o?, life.)

Ci/niMfflossttt hathijbiiifi, (In.nBHT, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Miis. 1890, 123, Santa Barbara Channel,
at Albatross Station agSo, Lat. 33" 49' 45" N., Long, ng^^ 34' 30" W., in 603 fathoms.
(Type in U. S. N. M. Coll. Uilbert.)

1042. GLYPTOCEPHALUS, Gottbche.

(Flukks.)

Qhjptoecphnln*. Gottschk, Arcliiv furNnturftxcli. 18li5, \hfHiy\ttisaxicola-Cjinoglo$$H$, L.).

Eyes and color on the right sirie. Body extremely elongate, more than
twice as long as deep, much compressed. Head very small and short, its
blind side with many excavations and mucous cavities in the skull, nmn-
dible, and preopercle. Mouth very small; teeth moderate, incisor-like,
broad, cqiuil, close set, in a single series; no teeth on vomer or palatines.
Gill rakers short, weak. Lower i>haryngeals narrow, with 1 or 2 rows of
conical teeth. Lateral line nearly straight, simple; scales very small,
smooth ; dorsal and anal very long, there being more than 90 rays in the
dorsal and more than ^iO in the anal; caudal fin rounded; anal spine pres-
ent ; ventral rays 6. Vertebra' in increased number, 5S to 65. Northern seas,
in deep water. This genus is one of the most stnmgly marked in the family,
being distinguished from most of the genera by tue greatly increased
number of vertebne, and from all of them by the remarkable ■ cavernous

m

^

'"f^\%T*'f''s"

, L.).

il.V,
scd

>us

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2(»57

HtTiicturt". of'lho 1»oii(>.sot'tlio liontl. T\v(»Hpecie8 known. {yXvitro^, s«'iilp-
tnrod; Hf.^a\)), head.)

a. Pectoral tiim vt'.ry Hliort, not I'liUtate, that of rifflit Hi'l" alioiit \ length of head ; verte-
bra) .W. rvNoohosHrs, 3027.
aa. Pttctoral tins of <'uIoreil hUIo '■Icate, longer than the head; vertebra; 05.

/.AriiiRiTH, :i028.

!M«7. (JiiYPTOrKiMIAIirs VYNOGLOSMrs (\.v «aMiH).

((;i<AI(l Kl.fKK: I'OI.K FMXINDKU.)

Heiwl 5 to .5i jn ImkIjt; depth 2J to 3. I). 101 to 112: A. 87 to 100; scales
1:{5; V.(>; hi<r|ie8t dorsiil mid anal rays 2 in li«>ad; pec^.oral a little more
than 2; v<!rtobr. • 58. Hody oblon^j, lu.siforin ; head aniall, ovate ; tho T>ro-
file slightly decnrved; month very Bmall, with the cleft obliques; teeth on
lilind side close sot, with incLsoral edges, \\; on the eyed side, distant,
obtusely conic, 7 ; eyes niodeiate, tln^ lower advanced, close together, .3 in
bead; scales regularly imbricated, lateral line straight; pectoral short,
falcate; origin of dorsal above middle of iip])4tr eye; anal spine present;
caudal convex or angulated Itehind; pectoral lins v<-ry short, not falcate,
that of right side about \ length of head; upper jaw with about 80 teeth;
opercle adnate to the shoulder girdle for a short distance only, ('olor
grayish brown; fins with dark sjiots; tip of pectoral dusky above. North
Atlantic, on both coasts, chielly in deep water, south to Cape Cod and
France. This species is found in rather deep water on sandy bottoms. It
reaches a length of 12 to 18 inches. This flounder has been taken in great
numbers with the beam trawl in deep water off our New Knghmd coast.
It is pronounced by the Tnited >Statt^s Fish Commission to be not inferior
as a food-fish to the Kuropean sole. (Ku.) (ci/nogloasuH, a sole; hvcjv,
dog; y\co66(t, tougi e.)

Pleuronfcte$. Hv.., Oori.^ore oblonijo f/lahro, (iicONow, MiiBeiim I(;hthyol., i,iv, 39, etc., Bel-
gium.
Plcttronectes eyiioglontut, LiNNiEUS, Syst. Nat., Kd. X, 269, 1758, after GRONf>\V; GCintheu.

Cat., IV,449, 1802; DAY, FishcM (Jreat Urifain, II, 30, pi. 103; Iill.L.)EIiOH(i, SverigeHoeh

Norges Fiske, n, 386, 1891; and of Kuropean writers generally.
I'laUfma 2><>la, CuviKii, Kegno Animal, Ed. 11, Vol. 2, 339, 1829, after la Pole of Diihaniel.
Pleuronectet iaricola, Fahkk, Tidssltr. f. Naturv., 5 1$., 244, 1828, Denmark.
I'lfurotiecten nigromatiut, Nilsson, I'rodr. Ichtli. Scand., 55, 1832.
Vlalessa elomjata, Yakkkli., llist. Urit. FiHh., 019, 1859, young.
OljIptoeephahiB aeadiaiiua, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Set. Phila. 1873, 300, Nova Scotia. (Type,

No. 12685.)
Oltiploeephalut eifnoglmsux, (J IIJ,, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 360 ; Goode & 75ean, Proc.

U.S.Nat. MuH. 1878, 21; Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 337; Goodk, Proc. l'. S. Nat.

Mils. 1880, 475; CoLi.ETT, Norsko Nord-Havs Exped.1880, 150; Goodk &. JJkan, Hull.

Mu.s. Coiup. Zool., X, No. 5, 195,1883; Joudan & (iiLitEHT, Synopsis, 8J8, 1883; Gooiik,

Nat. Hist. A(|uat. Auim.. 198, 1884; Juruan & Guss, Review Flounder« and Soles,

300, pi. 19, 1889.
fiolea etjnogloKga, Rakinesque, Indice di Ittiologia Shuliana, 53, 1810; based on the Sole or

Gpnoglimtum of Rondelet.
Olyptocephalus naxicola, Gottsciib, Archiv fur Naturgweh. 1835, 106-
riatessa saxif.ola, Kr<")VEK, Daninark'H Fisko. 338, 1843.
Pleuronectet eloitgahi*, GDntiier, Cat., iv, 4."iO, 1802.
Qyptocepltalns eloHj/atitu, GlLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 362.

2658 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ij

i\

.,1 I

m

303S. OliTPTO€KPHAIilJS ZAt^HIRIJS, Loekington.
(LoNG-FiNNEi) Sole.)

Head 5j^ to 5| ; {greatest -Nvidtli of body 3jt to 3^ ; eye 3^ in head ; Rnont 8.
D.94tol06; A.79to8!»; 1'. 11 to 13; V. 6; vcitebno 13 + 52 =65. Body
elongate-ovate, anterior portion of the oval shorter than posterior; snout
dcclivons, almost vertical, its tip hfvel with upper margin of lower
eye, its curve uniting without sensible depression with that of nape;
dorHal outline rising wiih a regular gentle curve from Huout to about
twenty-second dorsal ray, thence declining very gradually and regularly
with but slight curvature to caudal peduncle; abdominal outline almost
straight from knob of mandible to ventral ; from thence to end of anal
curved in same manner as dorsal outline; pcdanclo of tail expanded
toward caudal, its least width about i of greatest depth of body; greatest
distiince from anal to lateral line less than length of head. Eyes large,
elliptical, the lower in advance of the upper about i length of pupil, and
s«"arcely reaching dorsal profile anteriorly. Intcrocular space very narrow,
aitont \ of longitudinal diameter of eye, smooth ; not raised above the eyo
in a fresh tish ; a slight ridge rising at its posterior part, forming lower
posterior margin of upper eye, and dying out on cheek. Nostrils of right
side level with upper margin of lower eye; anterior nostril with a short
tube, the posterior with a riiised margin, and vertical with the front mar-
gin of the lower orbit; posterior nostril of blind side in advance of eyo;
anterior nostril nearly as on colored side; nostrils small and inconspicuous.
Gapu of month very small on colored side, considerably larger on blind
side; on the colored side the cleft is nearer vertical than horizontal; pos-
terior end of maxillary reaching very little behind anterior margin of orbit
of lower eye, and the symphysis of intermaxillaries about level with upper
etlge of orbit; mandible projecting in the closed mouth, short, not passing
a vertical from front margin of pupil, with a prominent knob below the
Kymphysis, and a smaller one at it« posterior extremity. Teeth on both
sides of jaws throughout the full length of the gape, in a single row, broad,
but thick, forming a blunt, continuous edge, about 34 in lower jaw and
rather fewer in the upper, in an individual lli^,. inches long; in an example
14f inches long there were 14 teeth on the colored side and 26 on the blind
side of the mandible, the latter the larger; in the intermaxillaries, 13 on
the colored side and 23 on the blind side; each lower ph.iryngeal \^ith a
double row of teeth, the inner larger than the outer ; the 4 anterior teeth of
outer row conspicuously larger than those following ; about 12 teeth in each
inner row; upper pharyngeals each with a close-set row of 6 or 7 blunt
conical teeth. Branchiostegals 7; gill rakers few, flexible, very short.
Dorsal commencing between front of orbit and pupil, considerably behind
nostrils, long and Ioav, forming a continuous arch of slightly grea-cer curva-
ture than aorsal outline, the longest rays in central portion, and ending
opposite anal at about 3 of width of caudal peduncle from origin of caudal ;
mal with a horizontal spine, the lirst ray rather distant from the visibh^
portion of the spine, and nearly length of ventral behind pectoral base, sim-
ilar to the dorsal ; almost all the rays of dorsal and anal directly backward ;
caudal convex on posterior margin, rather narrow, the rays once bifurcate,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2C59

Bonietimos bifurcate again near the tips; poctnral of colored side exceed-
ingly long and lanceolate, about \ of total length of fish ; first 5 rays Hiniple,
the others once bifurcate ; fourth ray longest, tifth nearly equal, sixth a little
longer tlian third, then(^e diminishing rapidly. Usual proportion of the first
4 rays 3-8-10-12; pectoral of blind side lanceolate, rather more than \ of
length of that of «-olorcd side, and formed of the same number of rays,
first 4 simple, the others once forked; fourth and fifth rays longest; ven-
trals inserted so that their hinder axil is vertical with, or a little posterior
to, anterior axil of pectoral, their tips reaching to first anal ray; 4 pos-
terior rays once bifurcate. Lateral line almost straight, rising very
slightly anteriorly, form«>d of a double row of tubes, about 138 in number,
excluding those upon ciudal ; a row of similar pores commencing at ri«lge
under upper eye, and ecmtinuing around lower eye almost to its front mar-
gin ; scales small, smooth, uniform over the body, and o::tending over the
head to snout, on which they are smaller; iutermaxillaries and mandible
sealeless; scales on blind side similar; caudal sciily <m both sides; no
scales on the other fins. Color uniform brownish or cinereous ; fins darker ;
the color formed by minute dark spots on the scales; memV)rane between
the fin rays closely set with dark points; blind side whitish, the ground
tint clouded with numerous black points. Deep waters of the Northern
Pacific, from San Francisco northward; found throughout Hering Sea in
35 to 350 fathoms. This species is a thin, dry flounder, reaching a length of
something over a foot. It is taken in the sweep nets in deep water ab«»ut
San Francisco. It is readily known by its long pectoral tin. (C«-, an inten-
sive particle; x^iPt hand, from the long pectoral.)

Gljiptneephalua zaehirus, Lockinoton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mub. 1879, 88, San Francisco; LorK-
INOTON, Rep. Com. Fislierlea California 1878-79, 42; Jordan & Giluert, I'roc. IJ. S. Nat.
Mu8. 1880, 453; JORDAN & Un.BERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1881, 68; Juf<dan & Cilrrrt,
Synopsis, 838, 1883; Jordan, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anini., 188, 1884; Jordan & (loss.
Review Floundern and Suica, 301,1889; Gilbert, Rept. U.S. Fish. Couiiu. 1893 (1896),
400.

• 1043. LOPHOPSETTA, Gill.

(WiNPOW Panes.)

Lophopgetta, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 216 (macttlatut).

Eyes and color on the left side. Body broadly ovate, strongly com-
pressed, pellucid; mouth large, oblique, the maxillary reaching to beyond
eye; teeth subequal, in narrow bands, or i& single series; a small patch
of teeth on the vomer. Scales small, cycloid, imbricate, the skin without
bony tubercles. LaterJil line strongly arched in front, without accessory
branch. Dorsal fn beginning ou the snout, its anterior rays exserted ;
anal fin not preceded by a spine; ventral of left side free from the anal,
inserted nearly on the ridge of the abdomen, its base broad, the rays well
separated; pectoral and v antral fins moderate. One species. Very close
to the European genus Jiothua, Rafinesquo (=^ Scophihalmiis, Rafinesque, =
Ithomhus, Cuvier, = Passer, Valanciennes), from which it difters in the more
numerous gill rakers, pellucid body, and produced dorsal rays, all charac-
ters of minor importance. The European Turbot {Paetta, Swainson), is

11

.'If:
I

1:1

ll

:

. '4

t~,J

Pi

i

I-"- i ■

m

-^m^^n^gs^l^tm'UKiu^r^ixiffr^rm^rr-^ -^-

\ ',

'■■= f
1 ■

2660 linUetin ^7, United States National Museum.

alHo closely reflated, but the typical species, PeeHa maxima, is a large
robiittt fish, scaleless and beset with bony tubercles. ( Ad0o?, crest ; tfftjrrcx,
tnrbot.)

3029. LOPIIOPSGTTA MACULATA (Mitchill).
(Window Fane.)

Head 3^; depth 1,?. D. 65; A, 52; scales 85; eye 4 in head; pectoral H;
liighest dorsal rays 1^; highest anal rays 1^; interorbital space i eye.
Body broadly rhomboid, strongly compressed, translucent in life; mouth
large, the maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of eye, maxillary
of eyed side with a bony tubercle on its anterior end; jaws subequul, the
lower with a sharp knob at symphysis; teeth in each Jaw in 1 series
laterally, in a very narrow band in front; interorbital space rather broad,
slightly concave, its posterior third or fourth with scales; gill rakers
short and slender, about 8-|-35; maxillary, mandiltles, snout, and the
greater part of interorbital naked; scales on head and body cycloid,
loosely imbricated, those on the blind side a little snialler. Anterior rays
of dorsal produced, their ends branched cud free, the lirst on tip of snout,
the rays at the beginning of posterior uhird of fin the highest ; origin of
anal directly under angle of preopercle; base of ventrals long, that of the
eyed side extending along ridge of body from notch in isthmus to front of
.anal, base of ventnil on blind side shorter; pectoral reaching past curve
on eyed side, its mate much smaller; caudal rather long. Color light olive
brown, almost translucent, everywhere marbled with paler, and with
many small, irregular, sharply defined black spots; dorsal, anal, and
caudal with larger, round, blended spots of dark brown; pectoral with
brown, interrupted cross lines. This small flounder much resembles the
European Brill {Botlina rhomhua), but is smaller, thinner, and more trans-
lucent in body. Its weight rarely exceeds a pound or two, and its value as
a food-fish is but slight; nevertheless, it is a near ally^ of the European
Turbot {Pscita maxima), and in its technical characters it very closely agrees
Avith the latter species. Atlantic coast of United States, from Casco Bay
to South Carolina; commcm. (»iac(({a<H8, spotted.)

rieuroneetes maetilatus, MrrcHiLL, Rept. in part, Fisli. N. Y ., 9, 1814, New York ; De Kay,

New York Fauna: Fisluis, 301, \i\. 47, fig. 151, 1842; Stoiier, Synopsis, 479, 1846;

Stobeu, Hist. Fish. Mass., 204, 1867 ; Jordan & Goss, Review of Flounders and Solos,

258, 1889.
PleiironecUs aquo»ut, Mitchili^ Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 1815, 389, pi. 2, flg. 3,

New York.
Lophopietta maculata. G\u., Proc, Ac.Nat.Sci.Phila.l862, 210; i6id, 1864, 220; Jordan &

Gilbert, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mns. 1878, 371.
Jiothvt maeulatvx, JonvAH & Gilbert, Synopsis, SI."*, 1883.
lihombut aquoaua, GCnthek, Cat., iv, 411,1862.

i

t

f

-. ■ -

1

P

. ;

p

Hjj

1

' 1

: ! i

1

■Mi

■ill.

1044. PLATOPHRYS, Swainson.

Solea, Rafinesque, Indice di Ittiologia Siciliana, 52, 1810 (rhomboide) ; not of Quensel,

1806.
Platophrys, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Claas'n Fishes, 11, 302, 1839 (occllatug).
Pelona, Cocco, Intorno a<l Alcuni Pesci del mar di Messina, Giorn. del Gabin., 1844, 21-30,

Lettero di Messina {heckeli, a larval form of P. podat) -, not Pelorui of Montfort,

1808.

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 26(51

/ Coeeolits,* JJonapakte, in Coooo, AKniiii l'e»ci Mu»,Hiiiii, 21, 1844 {annectenn; larviil form-
probably of i*. podai, with the ri^ht eyu in transit to thu li<ft Hide).

Jlothut, HoNAi'AUTK, (Jiitologo Alutodico, 49, 1840 (podan); not of l{AFiNE.s(;rK.

Jthomboidichthys, liLEEKKR, Act. Sec. Svi. lutloNtHlerl. Mnnod. and MakuHxar, 67, 1357-58
(myriaiter).

riatopltrys, Uleekeu, Coniptott Keudus Acad. Sci. Anisterd., xiil, 1802, I'loiirou., 5
(oeellatus).

Eyes and color on the left Hide. IJody ovate, strongly coiuprcH.sed ;
mouth of the large type, hut comparatively small ; the maxillary ii or less
of the length of the head; toeth small, suhetpial, in 1 or 2 series; no teeth
on vomer or palatines. Intcrorbital space broad and concave, broadest in
adult males. Gill rakeis moderate. Dorsal lin beginning in I'ront of eye,
all its rays simple; ventral of colored side on ridge of abdomen; caudal
convex behind; ])ectoral of left side usually with 1 or more tilanu^ntous
rays, longest in the male. Scales very small, ctenoid, adherent; lateral
line with a strong arch in front. Color.ition usually variegated.

This well-marked genus is widely dift'used in the warm seas. The sexual
ditferences are greater than usual among llounders, and the (litt'erent sexes
have often been taken for diH'erent species. As a rule, in the niale.s, the
pectoral An on the left side is much prolonged, the iiiterorbital area is
much widened and very concave, and there are some tubercles about the
snout and lower eye. The young fishes, as is usually the case, resemble
the adult females. Lately, Dr. Emery has shown that the larval llounder,
known as Pdoria heckeli, is in all probability the young of I'U-uronccies
podHH. The generic name, Coccolus, based on forms slightly more mature
than those called I'vlona, probably belongs here also. We have seen ■. ■
larval forms so young as thosi; which have been described as Peloiia
heckeli. We have, however, examined small transparent llounders, o|ie
with the eyes quite symmetrical, taken in the Gulf Stream, and another
with the eyes on the left side, taken at Key West. Bi>th these may be
larva) of Flaiophrys oceUatua. The figures published by Emery seem to
make it almost certain that the corresponding European forms belong to
P. podas, although some doubt as to this is expressed by Faccioljl. The
species of Platophrys are widely distributiid through the warm seas, no
tropical waters being wholly without them. All the species of PlalophryH
are extremely closely related and can bo distinguished with difliculty.
On the other hand, the variations due to difl'erences of age and sex are
greater than in any other of our genera. The following analysis of the
species of Plalophrys is very unsatisfactory. There are certainly 3 species
{podas, the European specitis, maculifer, and lunatus) which are known to
be distinct in their adult state. The young forms of maculifer and lunatUH
are not well known, nor is it known how they dift'er from oeellatus,
spittosus, and other species which presumably reach a smaller size. Only
a thorough study of the species, in all stages of development in their
native waters, can give us the characters by which the species can be
really discriminated. (7rAari>5, broad; (kipr)?, eyebrow.)

* "Farvus mole et pluuronvctiformis, mediiis inter I'leuronoctidas et Bibroniinoa liic
piHcis videtur ! Attanien diini illi oculos unilnterales habeant, iatt* vero bilaterales ; in hoc
novo genere oculi, alter a latcro, altero in verticc vix ad ap^maitum latus couvenua pouiti
Hout." (iiouaparte: quoted by FaccioUi, Su di Akuni Kan Pleurvuettidi.)

I r
1 I

rr

--^,-"^>^'"~rT,27

2602 Bulletin ^y, I hi i ted States National Museum.

M;

I !

' !

' \

a. Anal rays, at least auttiriorly, ouch with a Hpiuule at base (tlieHe r<irniea by a Hlij^ltt ■
widfiiiiit; of the tip of the interhii^mal Hpines, oach being covered by a little rouKh
MCiile); front of ilorMul with similar projections. .
I, Color brown, with pale rounded spots; fins dotted witli brown; a faint dark
spot at first I of lateral line; snout with homy points; mouth small, thi*
maxillary reaching front of eye. si'iNOSus, SU.'iU

((((. Anul niyH without spinulcs at their base.

c. Aiitcrior profile of head convex before the interorbital area, the very short
snout scarcely forming a reentrant angle at its base; form elliptic-ovate,
tlio outlines more regular than in P. lunatua.
d. Dorsal rays 85 to 05.

e. Scales not very small, about 75 pores iu liiteral lino; no blue mark-
ings, at least iu the young.
/. Mouth small, the maxillary 3 in lieud; no spines al)out tlie snout;
eye 3^ in length ; interorbital width 3 iu head (in the type);
pectoral short ; curve of lateral lino 6 times in straight part.
Color dark brown, witli numerous stellate white spots, the
most distinct of thcni with darker edgings; these generally
scattered over the body; but some of thorn on sides of body
gathered together in little rings; these spots blue rather than
white in life. constellatus, 3031.

ff. Mouth smaller, the maxillary 3J in head. Color light grayish,
tinged with reddish, with small round spots of darker gray,
and with lighter rings inclosing spaces of ground color.

OCELLATCS, 3032.

ee. .Scales Hmallor, 00 to 05 pores in lateral line. Color of adult, reddinh
gray, the body everywhere covered with rings formed of rocnd,
sky-blue spots, which are not confluent and not edged with black ;
besides these, very few detached spots or other blue markings.

MACULIFEK, 3033.

id. Dorsal rays 105 ; anal rays 80 ; pectoral short ; interorbital space 2J iu
head ; depth li iu length ; scales 01 ; body deep. Ccdor (specimen 4J
inches long) grayish, much si>otted and mottled with whitish, uo
blue in young example. eli.ipticuh, 3034.

ec. .VnUirior profile of head strongly concave before interorbital area, the pro-
jecting snout leaving a marked reentrant angle above it.
ij. Mouth not very small; maxillary 3 in head. Color dark olive, with
many rings, curved spots, and small round dots of sky blue edged
with darker on body, these largest near middle of sides, where some
are as large as eye ; 3 obscure dark blotches on straight part of lat-
eral liuo. LUNATU8, 3035.
gij. Mouth small; mazillary 3^ in head. Color highly variegated with dif-
ferent shades of gray, the p.<ile blotches rounded, very irregular in
size and position; no blue 8] tots. leopabdinus, 3036.

3030. PLATOPHRYK SPINOSUS (Poey).

m '

Depth li. D. about 74 ; A. about 57; scales about 80. Anal rays, at least
anteriorly, each with a spinule at base, these formed by a slight widening
of the tips of the interhiomal spines, each being covered by a little rough
scale ; front of dorsal with similar projections. Snout with horny points ;
mouth small, the maxillary reaching front of eye. Eyes very wide apart,
2f in head, the interorbital space IJin head; pectoral fin short; curve of
lateral line 5 in straight part. Color brown, covered with pale rounded
spots ; fins dotted with brown ; a faint dark spot at first third of lateral
line. Described from specimens from Cuba, probably the types, 4^ inches

■■::i *

■PKnp

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2063

long, which havo been partly dried bofure Iteiug placed ir alcohol. Cnba.
The original desi^ription of this specieB Ih a very scanty one. In all ro-
Hpects, nnlens it be the color, it agrees with the Enropean s|»e«*ies, Pluto-
phrya podan. We have found 2 small specimens sent Ity Professor I'oey to
the Muiienni of Comparative Zoology, which may be the types of tliis
species. They are 4^ inches long, and have been partly dried in the sun.
A result of this has been to increase the prumiuenco of the interhiemal
spines. Whether these be the original types or not, the species in an ex-
tremely doubtful one. The eyes are farther apart in these specimens than
in any of Vlatophrys ooellatua, which we have examined. They agree in
this respect with Agassiz's figure of Ilhombue ocellatut. (spiiioaiis, spinous. )

llhomboidiehthya gjnnotus, PoEY, Synopsis, 409, 1868, Cuba; Poky, Eniinieratio, 139, 1875.
I'latojthryt »i>ino*u$, Jordan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 266, 1889.

8081. PLATOPHUYN CONISTELLATUS, Jordan.

Head 4; depth \\; eye 3^ in head; interorbital width 3. D. 89; A, fi.");
scales 75. Body elliptic-ovate, the outlines more regular than in V. liina-
tita; anterior profile of head convex before the interorbital area, the very
short snout scarcely forming a reentrant angle at its base; anal rays with-
out spinnles at their base; mouth small, the maxillary 3 in head; no
spines about the snout; pectoral short; curve of lateral line <> times in
straight part. Color dark brown, with numerous stellate white spots, the
most distinct of them with darker edgings; these generally scattered over
the body, but some of them on sides of body are gathered together in little
rings (perhaps these spots are blue rather than white in life); fins
mottled with dark brown, the pectoritl finely barred. Specimens exam-
ined 3^ inches long. Galapagos Archipelago. Originally described from
3 specimens, the largest 3^ inches long, numbered 11146 on the register
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. They are from JaMCS Island,
in the Galapagos. The species is closely related to /', ocellatiis and
others, but in color, at least, it is difi^erent, and its habitat is remote;
locally common. (coHstvllatuH, with star-like spots.)

riatophrys covgtellattu, Joudan, in Jordan & Goss, lieview Flounders and SoleH, 266,
1889, James Island. Galapagos Archipelago. (Types in M.C. Z.)

30S2. PLATOPHRYS OCF.LLATVS (Agassiz).

Head 4 in length; depth 1^; eye (lower) 3| in head; snout 5. D. 85;
A. 64; scales 75 (pores); vertebric 37. Body ovate, deep anteriorly, the
profile descending steeply, rendered abruptly concave in front of inter-
orbital space by the conspicuously projecting short snout. Mouth very
small and oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from front of lower
"ye, 3f in head; tip of lower jaw entering the profile. Teeth fine, coni-
cal, in 2 series in the upper jaw, 1 in the lower, those of the outer row in
upper jaw larger and more widely separated than those of the inner series.
Snout very short, equaling interorbital width. Interorbital space nar-
row, deeply concave, closely scaled. Eyes large, the lower in advan<'e of
upper. Gill rakers obsolete, 7 rudiments on horizontal bran(-h of anterior
arch. Scales moderate, not extending on the fins, those on colored side

t :.

1^'

iv

Jil,

E i

III
IrJj

I*''

n

f;.::J'l

1 i" -i

2004 Bulldin /7, United States National Mnsenm.

ctenoi<l, th«)H<) on liliiid Hiiltt Hinooth ; iircli uf lat«-ral lino hIioi'I and high,
ita biiHe contained 4^ to 5 timcH in tlie Htrniglit portion. Doraal lin bi^gin-
ning o)>poHit<' anterior noHtril, the ra,vH nearly nnit'orin in longtb, tliu
lougeut abont A bead; pectoral uf colon^d side ^\ in len;{tb; ventral of
cobtred Hide beginning nnd<^r middle of lower i>,ve, with <i rayn; tbe rigbt
ventral with 5 rayH. Color in life, light grayiHh with n-ddish tinge, cov-
ered with small ronnd Hpots of darker gray and with lighter rings ineloH-
ing (ipa*'*>8 of the ground ccdor; vertical fina Hiniilarly colored, with a
small black spot near base of each ninth or tenth ray; 2 Itlack spots on
nu^dian line of body divide the length int«> nearly equal thirds; some
other small blac^k spots scattered over colored side. Western Atlantic,
from Long Island to Kio .laneir«>, on sandy shores. Ilert* described from
Key West specimens, types of /'. lubuiaris. This species i^ very common at
Key West in clear, shallow water on sandy bottom. The largest of the
numerous specimens taken is 3 inches in length. A specimen similar to
these has been taken by Dr. liean on the south coast of Long Island.
This seems to Ite the same as the Cuban species called HhomboidichthyH
ovellatuB by I'oey, and some of the specimens sent by Poey to the Museum
of C«miparative Zoology arrj apparently identical with the types of /'.
nibularis. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology we have compared
specimens of the real I'latophrijH ocellatns (No. 11423, Uio Janeiro, Agassix)
with a representative specimen of P. nebularin (No. 26147, from the Tor-
tugas, Florida), and are unable t(» find any differences. We ado])t, thiue-
fore, the name Plutophrys oceUatus for all, and reganl it as one «>f the
wiilely ilistributed llounders, like I'Jtroptis croaBotus ami Cilliarichthifn apilop-
terua. (ocvllatus, with eye-like spots.)

lihomhus oeeUatut, AoASSlz, Spix, Pise. ISrasil., 85, pi. 40, 1820, Brazil.

Hhombus hahianus, Castei.nau, Anini. iioiiv. raros AinilTiqiio ilii Slid, 1855, Bahia.

riatophnji nrfcwiam, JoKUAN & Gilbert, ri<i<'. U.S. Niit. Miis. 1884,31, 143, Key West

(Typo, 34972. Coll. Dr. Jordan) ; Godde \. Hean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 441, 18i»6.
Platophryt oeeUatti», SWAINSON, Nai Hist. Claas'u Fishes, n, 302, 1839; JuitUAN \-. Goss,

Keview Flouuders aud Soles, 2G6, 1889.
Uhvmboidichthys ocellattu, Gt'NTHEu, Cat., iv, 433, 1802; Poev, Synopsis, 408, 1868.

30»:i. PLATOPIIRYS MACULIIEK (Poey).

llea«l 4; depth If. D. 90 to 95; A. 70; scales 90 to 95. P.ody elliptical,
ovate. Mouth small, oblique, the maxillary 3f in head; teeth in each
jaw in 2 irregular setirs; filamentous rays of pectorals reaching very
nearly to last rays of d'-rsal; arch of lateral line short an<l high, its
length If times its aei.iht and 2f in head; snout very short, 4 in head;
interorbital area 3} in nead. Color of adult reddish gray, the body every-
where covered with rings formed of round, sky-blue spots, which are not
confluent and are not edged with black; besides these, very few detached
spots or other blue markings; head with similar blue si)ots, but no rings;
area inclosed in the blue rings not different from the ground I'olor ; caudal
with blue spots, other fins with none ; dorsal and anal mottled ; a large,
diffuse, dusky spot at front of straight i)art of lateral line ; 1 better
defined on middle of lateral line; a faint one farther back; pectorals
grayish, with dark bars. Cuba. We identify specimens taken by Dr.

4UiL

i

>

fW^"

Jordan ai.d Evemiann, — Fishes of North America. 2605

al,

'at'h

^cry

its

iid ;

|ery-

not

ihed

idal

'•ge.
Itter
al8
iDi.

Jordnn at Havana with tfais specieH. In the Mnsenni of Comparative
Zoology are other Hpecimona similar to theao, sent to C'aniltridgo by Poey.
In several respects these s])(;cimens agree fairly witlt I'oey's /'. cllipliciis,
but that species is said to have 104 dorsal rays, (macula, spot; fero, I
bt»ar. )

/ rieuroneeten maeuliferui, Poav, Memoriae, ii, 310, 1860, Cienfuegos. (Coll. Poey.)
! JthomboidichthifH maeuli/erwi, VOEY, SynnpsiH, 408, 1808; I'oky, Eiiuiiioratio, 130,1875.
I'latophryi inaeulifer, Jordan & Goss, lioview FloundcrH uu«l Su1<>h, 207, 1880.
I'latuphryi elliplicus, Jobdan, Proc. U. S. Xat. Muit. 1880, 51 ; uot of Puby.

8084. PLATOPHRYS ELLIPTICl'N (Pooy).

Depth If. D. T05; A. 80; scales 91. body elliptical, ovato; anterior
profile of head convex before the interorbital area; ]>octoral short; inter-
orbital space 2} in head; body deep. Color (specimen 4f inches long)
grayish, much spotted and mottled with whitish; no blue (in young exam-
ple). Cuba. Poey describes his P. ellipticm as having 104 dorsal rays.
Ill none of our otaer species does the number of these rays reach 100.
Among the specimens sent by Poey to the museum at Cambridge is 1,
described above, 4| inches long, which has 10.5 dorsal rays. Wo have
therefore assumed that the species to which this specimen belongs is the
real P. ellipticua, and that the one heretofore called /'. ellipticua is Ptfey's
I'.macHUfer. Both those assumptions are open to considerable doubt.
(elliptious, elliptical.)

.' I'Uuroneetes elliptieua, Poey, Memorins, n, 315, 1800, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)

J Komboidichthys ellipticns, GViinnKR,Cat., IV, 434, 1862; Poey, Synopsis, 408, 18C8; Poey,

Eniimeratio, 139, 1875.
I'latuphryi eUiptieus, Jobdan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 267, 1880.

3035. PLATOPHRYK LUNATUN (Linnieua).

(Peacock Flounder.)

Head 3^ in length ; depth 2. D. 93 ; A. 70 ; scales 90 ; lower eye 6 in head ;
maxillary 2)t; interorbital 2]^; highest dorsal rays2li; highest anal rays 2^;
caudal 1^ ; base of ventral of eyed side 3^. Vertebra* 9 + 30 -— 39. B'ody
elliptical, ovate, strongly compressed ; anterior profile concave, the .snout
projecting, leaving a reentrant angle above it ; mouth moderate, the maxil-
liiry reaching to middle of pupil of lower eye; jaws subequal, the lower
with a well-developed knob at symphysis, teeth small, in an irregular
double series in each jaw; anterior end of maxillary with a large blunt
Mpine, pointing outward and forward, a smaller one behind it on upper
edge of maxillary, pointing upward and backward ; interorbital very
wide and deeply concave; orbital rim, below on upper orbit, above on
lower, broken up into blunt papillai ; gill rakers short and thick, 9 devel-
oped on lower part of arch, none on upper. Anterior part of interorbital,
snout, maxillary, and mandible, naked; scales all cycloid; the rays of
dorsal and yvnal with scales, a few on ventral of eyed side; arch of lateral
line 5 in straight part. Pectoral of eyed side filamentous, reaching to base
of caudal, its mate of opposite side shorter, about 1| in head; origin of
dorsal over snout; ventral of eyed side with rt, long base, extending from
3030 go

P.

'i^r

>l!

"g?j'°g^s* "'Wra^'''<'T-'g™'«»*^^g^^ m^'>"P'>»'^*f-H'^"''j»'^if ^■v*eawy>*aw"«'»*» ^4ii^' iKt^tj

. M

2G6G Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

angle at istbmus, along ridge of body, slightly past front of anal; base of
ventral of blind side \ the longth of that of its mate; caudal with the
middle rays prodnoed, donble convex. Color dark olive, with many rings,
curved spots, and small round dots of sky blue edged with darker on body,
these largest near middle of sides, where some are as large as the eye ; 3
obHcure dark blotches on straight i»art of lateral Hue; head and vertical
lins with sharply defined blue spots, which are mostly round; spots on
operc'les larger and curved ; pectorals with dark bars. West ludies, north
to Florida; common. Here described from a specimen from Green Turtle
Cay, Florida, 14 inches in length. This handsome and curiously colored
species is not rare in the waters of the West Indies. The specimens
examined by us are from Cuba, Sombrero, St. Thomas, and other localities
in the West Indies. The original figure of this species published by
Catesby is a very good one and leaves no room for doubt as to the species
intended. The figure of Bloch, called Pleuroneetea argua, is also fairly
accurate, and can refer to no other species. This species reaches a length
of some 18 inches, and is the largest in size of the American species of
riatophrya. We have never seen any young examples which certainly
belong to it, and till its development is traced some of the species known
from small examples only must be doubtful, (lunatua, crescent-shaped,
from the spots.)

Solea lunala et punctata (the Sole), Catksby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, tab 27, 1725, Bahamas.

Pleuronectet lunatjia, Linn.^us, Syst. Nat., £d. x, 269, 1758, Bahamas ; baned ou Catesuy ;
and of the various copyists.

Pleuronectes argus, Block, Icbthyol., tab. 48, 1783, Martinique; after Plumier.

1 Fteuroneetes surinamensU, Bloch & Schneiueb, Syst. Icbtb., 156, 1801, Surinam ; "tatin
parva et glabra ;" flns scaly; moutlt small; lateral line arched in front ; D. 96; A. 53.

Bhomboidichthys lunatus, G Dnthkk, Cat., iv, 433, 1862 ; Poky, Synopsis, 408, 1868.

lihomhoidichthyt Innulatns, PoEY, Euunieratio, 138, 1875.

Flatophrys lunatus, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 51 ; Jokdan & Gops, lleview Floun-
ders and SoleG, 267, 1889.

1^^

i
11

SOU. PLATOPHRYK I.EOPARDINUS (Giinthcr).

Head 3| in length; depth If; eye (lower) 3i in head. I). 86 to 88; A.
64 (62 to 66) ; scales about 80. Mouth very small, the maxillary 3J in
lioad ; teeth very small, biserial above. Interorbital space concave, rather
broad, its width 3^ in head. Eyes large, the lower considerably before
the upper. Lateral line with a short sharp curve anteriorly. Gill raliers
very small. Anterior rays of dorsal not elevated ; left pectoral not pro-
duced, little longer than right, li in head. Coloration highly variegated
with diflForent shades of gray, the pale blotches rounded, very irregular
in size and position ; no distinct black spots along the lateral line ; a large
whitish cloud between the eyes; blind side pale, scaled like the eyed
side. Gulf of California. This species is known only from the original
type from unknown locility, and from a single specimen, 2| inches long,
in the United States Nation.il Museum, taken by Mr. H. F. Emeric, at
Gnaymas, Sinaloa. From this the above description was taken. {Icopar-
(jtnus, leopard-like.)

Hhomhoidlehthyg leojiardinut, GCntheb, Cat. Fisb., IV, 434, 1862, locality unknown.
Platophry$ leopardinus, Jobpan, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 260, specimen from Guayniiift;
Jordan &, Goss, Review of Flounders and Solos, 268, 1889.

■■^

Jordati and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2607

1045. PERISSIAS, .lordau A Evermann.

I'eritnafi, Jokdan iV Kvermann, new genus {tceiieopUTiis).

This gcnns diffeTB from Platophrys iu the larger scales, narrower iuteror-
bital, and eapeciuUj' in the greatly produced ribbon-like lobe at the front
of the dorsal. From Eiuiypyoaopon it difters in tht^ short thick gill rakers
and in the produced dorsal rays. The lateral line is wanting on the blind
aide. Deep sua. (7r£/3i(>(Jd5, strange.)

8037. PERISSIAS T-ENIOPTEBUS (Gilbert).

Head ^^, depth 2^. D. 86 to 88; A. 67 to 70; scales 60 to 65, the arch
with 15 pores ; 20 scales iu a series running upward and backward from
lateral line. Body elongate; caudal lin subsessile, the lust anal and dor-
sal rays inserted near rudimentary caudal rays; height of caudal peduncle
1 in height of body; upper profile descending very obliquely anteriorly,
ii slight reentrant angle in front of lower eye; in males the jtrofile slightly
angulatet' in front of upper oi-bit, below which it ascends more steeply;
lower eye much in advance of upper; in females eyes close together, the
vertical from middle of lower eye passing through front of upper orbit;
diameter '^t' upper orbit 3^ in head ; in males the lower ey<) may bo entirely
in advance of upper; in females 3 inches long, and in very young males
the interorbital space is a narrow, concave, scaloless groove, less than
diameter of pupil, running into a deep pit behind lower eye; in males 2
inches long the iuteiorbital space has already widened, and in specimens
;i.J inches long is as wide as longitudinal diameter ol" orbit; it is traversed
by an oblique ridge running upward and backward from front of lower
eye, separating the anterior scaleless portion from the deep scalely pit
behind ; supraorbital ridge of lower eye serrated, forming a strong series
of spines, less marked in females; anterior rim of upper orbit similarly
but less strongly marked; a strong double spine on maxillary in front of
nostrils; a spine near end of maxillary in males; mouth small, maxillary
not reaching front of pupil, equaling diameter of orbit; teeth small, in a
single close-set series in each jaw, equally devel<q)ed on both sides, with
enlarged canines ; gill rakers very short and weak, 8 on horizontal limb;
unteriur nostrils with very short flaps; dorsal beginning above front of
lower eye; in all specimens, females as well as inal^s, the first 2 rays
detached from the rest of fin, the second ray produced into a flat, ribbon-
shaped filament about as long as head ; dorsal and anal rays al I uubranched ;
median caudal rays forked ; no anal spine ; ventral of colored side on ridge
of abdt)men, the 2 anterior rays in males connected by membrane at base
only, produced into flat filaments as long as head, extending far beyond
front of anal; pectoral of left side well developed, but small, slightly
more than | head; that of blind side little developed, about .j diameter
of orbit; scales of left side strongly ctenoid, absent on interorbital space,
snout, maxillary, and mandible; lateral line Avith strong curve anteriorly,
the cord of whith is contained 5 times in straight portion. Along lateral
line are occasional broad cutaneous flajts, colored buio in life; scales of
blind side cycloid, the tubes of lateral line obsolet'^, the course of lateral

BiOP

i i

2668 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

line indistinctly indicated by pits at bases of scales and occasional pore-
like markings; median rays of dorsal and anal on left side with series of
ctenoid HcaloH, otherwise scalelcss; caudal rays with double series on both
sides. Color on left side olivii browi.^ with many small irregular spots of
light gray, with darker border; 3 or 4 dark blotches along lateral lin«',-
along dorsal and ventral outlines about 5 pairs of light spots, broadly
ocellati'd with blackish ; males with a bright blue spot on anterior protibt
at base of each of first 10 or 12 dorsal rays and 1 on end of snout; blind
side in males with a broad oblique bar covering about \ of sides, bluish
black in life, dark brown in spirits; from its upper anterior part a r<im-
ber of narrow parallel streaks run forward toward head, much as in Engv-
ophrys sancti-launmtii; filamentous rays of dorsal and ventral white; fins
all speckled; a small black spot at base of median caudal rays. Differing
from all known species of /*[a<o|)/iry8 in the ribbon-shaped prolongations
of second dorsal ray and first and second ventral rays of eyed side, and in
the obsolete lateral line of blind side. Several specimens from the Gulf
of California and the western coast of Lower California, in 40 fathoms.
(Gilbert.) (rc»'tK/a, ribbon; Ttrepoy, iin.)

I'latophnjs tamioptenu, GiLnERT, Proc. XT. .S. Nat. Mus. ISttO, 118, Gulf of California, north
of La Paz, at Albatross Station sggS, Lat. 34° 51' N., Lon^. 110° 39' W., in 40 fath-
oms. (Type, No. 43095. Coll. Gilbert.)

1046. ENGYOPHRYS, Jordan & Bollm&L,

Kngyophrys, JonDAN &■ Bollman, Proc. U. ,S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 170, (mnctilaurentii).

This genus is allied to Platophrys, Swainson, but differs from it in
having the iutcrorbital space very narrow and armed with a spine, and
the scales of moderate si/e and ctenoid. Gill rakers obsolete. No anal
spine. Gill membranes entirely separate. It is still nearer the genus
Engyitrosopon, Giinther, but in that group the interorbital si»ace is broader
and tho gill rakers are developed and slender, {iyyv?, near together;
oiftpvs, eyebrow.)

»U38. KNUYOPHBYN SANCTMiAUUKXTII, Jurdaii .<c ISoUniau.

Head 2f to 2f (3 to 3^) ; depth If to 2 (2 to 2J). D. 78 to 85 ; A. 68 to 72 ;
scales UO to 68, along lateral lino. Body broadly ovate, much compresR .1
tho greatest depth over pectorals; dorsal and A'eutral outlines equ< i'v
curved; profile scarcely concave before eyes. Mouth very smal:. «
Hque, tho maxillary reaching opposite pupil of lower e^e, 4 to 4^ in
head. Teeth present on blind side, well developed, close set and even,
none on vomer. Snout short, 4| to 5 in head. Interorbital space a very
narrow, sharp, scaloless ridge, tho ridge forking above pupil, leaving a
very narrow concavity anteriorly; lower ridge armed with a strong
spine, turned backward, inserted just above pupil of lower eye. An-
terior orbital rim of upper eye rather high, entering profil-a. Eyes large,
lower in advance of upper, 3| to 4 in head. Gill rakers almost obsolete,
represented by 5 or 6 small fleshy papilbn. Scales moderately r-mall,
ctenoid, and uot very firmly attached ; small scales on rays of dorsiil Aud

:^:-^',s7vv '.T^._ T^iVjc^^

Jordmi and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2669

anal fins; arch of lateral line short and small, but abrupt, 4 to 5 times in
-traight part. Dorsal beginning on blind side just behind posterior nos-
tril and in front of eye; i)ectoral of colored side 2 in head, that of blind
side 2| in head; ventrals of colored side Hlightly longest, 3 in head;
that of colored side with 6 rays, of blind side with 5 or 6 rays. Color of
loft or eyed side, blackish brown, with scattered white and i*lack spots,
the latter most prominent along base of dorsal and anal fin; 3 large,
lilack, nonocellated blotches on straight part of lateral line, the first at
Iteginniug, second at middle, and third on peduncle; lins dusky; dorsal
und anal with scattered white and black spots ; caudal with 5 black spots
111 ranged in a curved series ; blind side with 5 or 6 curved parallel dusky
I lands as wide as eye, the drst beginning on interopercle <and curving
acrosH cheek to along base of dorsal; second begicning at throat and
curving along posterior margin of preopercle, and extending on back,
jtarallel with the lirst from vent; third curving around in front of pecto-
I als, across posterit . part of npercle, and extending to base of dorsal (in
lichind the middle; rest behind pectorals. All of these bands fade out
behind middle of body, so that the posterior portion is immaculate. In
young examples these bands are very faint or obsolete. Coast of Colom-
liia, southwest of Panama. Numerous specimens, the largest about 4^
inches long, were dredged at Albatross Station 2795, at a depth of 33 fath-
oms, and at A Ihatrosa Station 2805 at a depth of 51^ fathoms. This peculiar
species is distinguished from the species of Vlatophrya oxlA. Entjyproaopon by
its very narrow interorbital ridge, from the species of ArnotjlosaHs by the
form of the body, the short gill rakers, etc., and from all related species
liy the peculiar coloration of the blind side. (Named for St. Lawrence,
in allusion to the gridiron-like markings of the blind side.)

Ihigyophri/H tanetilaurentU, Jordan & Bollman, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mns. 1889, 170, Pacific
Ocean, ofT coast of Colombia, at Albatross Station aSos, Lat. 7° 56' N., Long. 79"
41' 30" W., and Station aj.js, Lat. 7° 57' N., Long. 78° 55' W. (Typo, No. 41155.)

1047. TRICHOPSETTA, Gill.

Trichopiietta, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 603 iventralU) .

Body ovate, covered with rather Large, ctenoid adherent scales; month
moderate, the chin prominent; vomer toothless; teeth small, somewhat
onliirged and hooked in front, uuiserial; maxillaries obliquely truncated
liehiud; interorbital area a narrow ridge, with a nuMlian groove in front;
none of the dorsal rays produ«'ed ; ventrals free from the anal ; caudal fin
Hiibsessile; both pectoral tins present; right ventral much produced, the
loft on the ridge of the abdomen ; lateral line with a strong arch in front.
(Opi'5, hair; ■^ffrra, turbot, from the prolonged ventral.)

8089. TBICIIOPKKTTA TEMP.ALIS (Gomie .t Ilenn).

Head 4 in body; depth 2^^. D. 93; A. 73; pectoral 11 (eyed side), 7 or 8
(blind side); scales 19-6fi-23; eye 3J in head; maxillary scarcely 2; inter-
orbital very narrow, scaleless, its width 8 in ey«^; scales strongly ctenoid;
tlorsal beginning upon snout ux)on the blind side, in advance of eyes, its

■'■> ■ f

TS^«!^f!!flW?«ftWi»'-

'^^^^^M^^^^^^LWm^^m^^

2670 Dullctin ^7, United States National Museum.

bi|;heHt niys equaling length of roandiblo ; origin of anal under base ot
pectoral, its longest ray e<|ualing or slightly exceeding \ the distance of
its anterior ray from nnont ; eaudal eqnal to length of head without snout ;
pectorals inserted considerably below origin of lateral line, close to gill
oi)eniug, that of the eyed side 6 in length of body ; that of the blind sule
almost as long as head. Color light brownieh gi'ay ; a dark blotch as long
as eye on the anterior rays of the anal, a ft w obscuro on dilferent parts,
of lighter hue at the junction of the curved ur.:'i straight portion of the
lateral line. (Goode «& Beau.) Dec^p waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
(rent rails, pertaining to the ventrals.)

Cithariehthys ventralU, GooDK & Bean, Troc. V. S. Nat. Miia. 1885, 592, deep waters of Gulf

of Mexico. {Co\l. A IbatroKt.)
Amoglotmu '/ ventralin, Jordan & (iOs.s, Koviow Floiiiulorf aiitl Soles, 2fi2, 1889.
TrichopxcUa ventralis, GoouB & Uean, Oc.euuic IcUtbyology, 440, jil. 100, lig. 372, 1896.

1048. SYACIUM, Ranzani.

Sijadnm, Ranzani, Novis SpeciebuR Piscinni, Diss. Sec, 20, 1840 {micrnrum).
ITemirhombuM, Bi.eeker, Coniptes Kondiis Acad. Sci. Amstcrd., xui, I'leiiron., 4, 1862

{ijuine'dniii*) .
Aram.ice, Jordan & Goss, in Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 13.1, 1885 (pcetiila).

Body elliptic-ovate, much compressed; interorbital spare broad ia the
males and more or less concave, narrowed in the female; mouth moderate,
the gape curved; teeth in the upper jaw biserial, in the lower uniserial ;
the front teeth of the upper jaw enlarged; vomer toothless; scales ratht^r
large, ciliate; lateral line without arch in front; pectoral fins on both
sides present; septum of gill cavity below gill arehes without foramen;
a <Ieep emargiuatiou near the isthmus ; gill rakers short and thick ; dorsal
low, its anterior rays not elevated; pectorals both present; caudal sub-
sessile; no anal spine; pectorals produced in the males; ventral fins short,
that of colored side on ridge of abdomen. This genus contains a consid-
erable number of species, mostly American and African, which form a
transition from Platoplirys to Cilhavichihya. They fiiU readily into 2 groups
distinguished by th*« wi«lth of the interorbital space. As this width is
dependi^nt ou age, and as it is subject to various intergradations, the group
Aramaca founded on it can not be admitted as a distiuet genus. {6vdHiov,
diminutive oi 6va^, a kind of pulse, the application unexplained.)

ff. Snout and orbits without spines or spinous procosses.

h. Scales ratber large, 50 to 57 in tbe lateral line; interorbital space bi., ad. Color

nearly plain brown, with darker dots or niottlings, no ring-like spots or

ocelli; fins mottled; left pectoral barred; blind side sometimes wholly or

partly dusky, esiiecially in northern specimens. pai'ILLOsdm, 304(I.

hb. Scales rather small, 58 to 7U in the lateral line.

c. Scales 06 to 70. Cohtr dark brown, with many rings and spots of light gray
and blackish, some of the dark rings with a black central spot; a dif
fuse dusky blotch on lateral lino above pectoral, and 1 near base ol'
caudal peduncle; flus with numerous inky spots and dark markings ;
blind sidn pale. micburum, 3041.

ce. Scales 68 to 60.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2671

d. IntcrorbitJiI space in mnlo broader than cyo. Color light brown, with
grayish and liglit bluish dots, Home darker arooH, and a few round
brown spots otudlatcd witli lighter; iiit<!rorbital space with a
vertical browu bar bordered by lighter ; tins luottletn and spotted.

LATIKKONS, 3042.

dd. Int«rorbitaI space not broader than pnpil. Color light olive brown,
nearly uniform, " — rtical flus with elongate darli spots.

OVALE, 3043.

S040. STACIUH PAPILLOSUM (Linno-us).

Head 3| in length ; depth 2^. D. 82 ; A. 63 to 70 ; scales 53 ; eye 5 in head ;
maxillary 2J ; pectoral of eyed side \\ ; caudal \\ . IJody elliptic-ovate, the
anterior profile regularly ducurved, forming an angle above the snout;
month rather large, arched; maxillary extending to below middle of eye,
its posterior end concave; teeth in upper jaw in 2 series, some of the outer
forming small canines ; lower teeth in 1 row ; eye large, 4 in head ; lower
cyo in advance of upper, especially in the adult; iuterorbital space broad,
concave, greater than the long diameter of the eye in the males, about
equal to the vertical diameter in the females ; accessory scales very numer-
ous; mandible, maxillary, and interorbital with scales; gill rakers short,
scarcely as long as pupil, about 2-f-8; dorsal rather low, beginning
slightly in front of lower eye, the first 3 or 4 rays on blind side, the anterior
rays produced beyond the membrane ; ventrals with moderate base, that
of eyed side on ridge of body, that of blind side slightly in advance of its
m.ate; anal beginning a little in advance of pectoral; pectoral of eyed
side pointed behind, the upper rays fdamentous (at least in the m.ile) ;
caudal double truncate. Vert((briu 10 -f 26 = 36. Color nearly plain brown,
with darker dots or mottlings, no ring-like spots or ocelli ; fins mottled;
left pectoral barred; blind side sometimes wholly or partly dusky, espe-
cially in northern specimens. Charleston to Rio Janeiro, in rather deep
water. Here described from an adult specimen from Charleston, a foot in
length. Of the species found in the deep waters about Pensacola, and
called by Dr. Bean Hemirhomhua patulns, wc have numerous specimens.
Lately we have received from Mr. Charles C. Leslie, of Charleston, a
specimen which shows its presence also in Carolina waters. It has not
yet been recorded from Cuba, but in the Museum of Comparative Zoology
is a specimen (26104) taken by Mr. Samuel Carman, at Kingston, Saint
Vincent. But its range extends much farther to the southward, for
among the collections made by Professor Agassiz, at Rio Janeiro, there
are many specimens (11375, 4666), the largest about a foot long. These
seem to bo completely identical with Florida examples, differing only in
having the blind side pale, it being usually partly blackish in northern
samples. These Brazilian specimens agree very closely with the figure
of Rhomhu8 solcwformis, except th.at Agassiz has represented that species
as having a dusky blotch at the shoulder. No pvich marking is apparent
in any of our specimens. The coloration and the breadth of the inter-
orbital both render it uulikely that Agassiz's soh'ce/ovmis could have
been micrimmi. The Aramaca of Marcgrave, which is the sole basis of
Pleuronectes jtapilloaus. Plcuronectes macrolcpidoUis, and lihombiis aramaca,
can not well bo any known species other than the present one. According

■!i ^

M-

t.»

Vil^v;fcj«g:^^!iS:iggg^^s^jg?igg?°yi ■

T^r^ffT^w^

li^; (

2672 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

to Marcgrave's rude fi<<;ure and his description, thisspocies has the form of
a solo, tho eyes wide apart, the left pc-ctorul produced, the month very
large, tho body oblong, and tho coloration stone-like (sand color) on the
left side and white on tho eyed side. Syacium micrunim it> not colored in
that way, and its eyes are not noticeably far apart. We therefore adopt
for this species the oldest name, Syaoium papilloaum. (pajrilloaus, having
papilLe.)

Aramaca, Marcoravb, ^ist. Brasil., 181, 1648, Brazil.

I'leuronectes }>apillosns, Linn^:u8, Sj st. Nat., x, 271, 1758, Brazil; based on Marcobave.

? PleuronecUt viacroU'indottiit, liLUCll, Ausltiiidische Fisbe, Vi, 25, tab. 190, 1787 ; apparitiitly

based on MAKroRAVE.
Pleuroneetea aramaca, Donndorf, IJeitriige zur Aueigabe des Linnieisclieu NaturayHtema,

xni, 386, 1788; after Marcorave.
Ithombus aramaca, Cuvier, llf-gno Animal, Etl. 2, ii, 341, 1829; after Marcorave.
Utiomhui aolea'formis, AoASsr/., Spix, IMsc. Brasil., 86, tab. 47, 1820, Atlantic Ocean.
nijjpoglostus intcrmedius, Ravaahi, Novia Spcciebus Piscium Diasertatio Seciindo, 1840,

14, pl. 4, Brazil.
ITemirhomhus soleaformia, GCnther, Cat. Fisli., iv, 423, 1862.
ITem,irhombu* patulus, Bean MS., Jordan & Giliieht, Pro<!. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1882, 304, Pen-

sacola (Coll. Silas Stearns) ; GoouB &. Bean, Froc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 414 ; Bean, Cat.

Coll. Fish U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 45.
Oitharichthi/i aramaca, Jordan & Gilrbrt, Synopsis, 816, 1883.
Githariehthyg preUdug, Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 064, 1883; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus. 1884, 38; Goode & Bean, Oceauic Ichtliyology, 448, pl. 109, lig. 373, 1896.
Aramaca papilloia, Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602; synonymy confused witb >S'.

micrunim.
Aramaea golia^formit, Jordan, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602.
Si/aeium papillosum, Jordan &. Gobs, lleviow Flounders and Soles, 268, 1880.

hi ■•

M i

il

> ! ■{> \4

( w.

8041. SYACIUM HICBVRUM, Rauzani.

Head M in length; depth 2^ D. 87 to 92; A. 54 to 68; scales 65 to 70
(pores) ; eye 4 in head ; m.ixillary 2i to 3. Form regularly elliptical, tho
profile evenly convex to end of snont; eyes large, nearly even in front, the
male with the int«'rorbital space deeply concave, its width f the vertical
depth of the eye (or more in Brazilian specimens) ; female with interorbital
area much narrower, with a more or less perfect median groove, its width
about equal to depth of pupil; month small, the maxillary reaching to
below middle of eye ; teeth small, slender, in 2 rows above, in 1 row below,
the outer series in npper jaw somewhat enlarged, but hardly canine-like;
gill rakers very short and thick, about 1 + 7 in number. Scales small, firm,
moderately ctenoid; pectoral 1^ in head in tho female, reaching nearly to
base of caudal in the male ; vertebrio 9 -f- 24 = 33. Color dark brown, with
many rings and spots of light gray and blackish, some of the dark rings
with a black central spot; a difl'use dusky blotch on lateral lino abovo
pectoral, and 1 near base of caudal peduncle; fins with numerous inky
spots and dark markings; blind side pale. West Indian fauna. Key
West to Rio .Janeiro ; rather common. We have found in the Museum «»!'
Comparative Zoology sp^'cimens purporting to be the types of Hemirhom-
hii8 ocellatns, Poey (No. 11144; Poey's number, 88). These are female
examples, and they differ from the types of nemtrliomhus a-thalion,
obtained in Cuba by Dr. ilordan, only in their greater size. Numerous

'11

Jordan and Ever mann. — Fishes of North America. 2673

sporiniens (11373) from Rio .Tanoiro belong to tlio Bnine specifls. Among
those .ar«> males, which have th<^ interorbital space much broader than in
tho types of oceUaiun and wthalion. Hesides theso specimens we have
examined others from Ilayti, Cuba, and Key Wost, and there can be no
reasonable doubt of their identity, and that all are identical with Giinther's
Ilemirhombua aramaca. This fish is described and fairly well figured by
Kanzani under the nanu^ of Syavinm micrurum. It is tho type of hlc genus
Syacinm, a generic name which, strangely enough, has received no notice
from subse(iuent authors until lately. (fitHfjof, small; ovpd, tail.)

Syaeinm micnirnm, Ranzani, Nov. Spec. Pise. Piss. Sec, 20, pi. 5, 1840, Brazil ; Jordan &

(ioss, Iteview Flounders and Soles, 209. 1889.
TTiitpiMjlostnt ocellatus, PoEv, Memorias, n, 314, 1860, Cuba.
Hemirhomhut aramaca, GCntiier, Cat., iv, 42, 1862, Cuba ; Jamaica ; not Rhombus a ram a en,

CUVIEU.

Cithariehthyt athalion, Jordan, I'roc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, .'i2, Havana. (Type, No. 37748.

Coll. D. S. Jordan.)
Jlemi'homhus ocellatxw, Poey, SynopsiH, 407, 1868; Poky, Rnumoratio, 138, 1875.
Githariehthys ocellatus, JomtAti & Gilhert, Synopsis, 904,-1883; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus. 1884, 143.
Ilcmirhomhus cethalion, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602.

3042. SYACIIIN LATIKKOXS (Jordan & Cfilbert).

Head 4; depth 2i. D. 92; A. 72; scales 60. Body elliptical, tho dorsal
and ventral outlines e(|ually arched; mouth placed low, below axis of
body; snout with an abrupt constriction in front of npjxT orbit, the out-
line then again convex; eyes on left side, distant, tho lower in advance of
the upper; a vertical lino from anterior margin of upper orbit pasHing
through middle of lower ; «listance of upper eye from dorsal outline equal-
ing J its vertical diameter; interorbital space concave, very wide, its
width li times diameter of orbit in a specimen « inches long, much
narrower in the young; a ridge from upper angle in lower eye rnns
upward and backward to Join a ridge from upper orbit. Nostrils on a
level with upper margin of lower eye, the anterior with a flap, distant
from the posterior, which is circular; length of snout to front of lower
eye 4^^ to 5 in head; mouth vtsry oblique, the gape convex upward and
backward; maxillary * length of head, reaching to middle of lower pupil,
very narrow and covered with small scales; teeth small, the upper
jaw with 2 series, the front teeth of the outer series somewhat enlarged ;
lower jaw with a single series; vomer and palatines toothless; gill rakers
short and broad, tho longest about i vertical diameter of pupil ; about 7
on anterior limb of arch; pseudobranchije present; preopercle with pos-
terior margin nearly vertical, only the lower third free, the upper J grown
fast to operclo and scaled over; the lower margin running very obliquely
downward and forward, the angle thus an obtuse one; dorsal fln com-
mencing on the snout in front of upper eye, the lirst 4 or 5 rays exserted
and turned over to the blind side; the highest rays are behind the middle
of the flu and are about I length of head; anal flu Bimllur to dorsal, its
origin under base of pectorals ; caudal short, about f length of head, tho
middle rays the longest, tho outer rays slightly prolonged ; veutrals uu-

V

!

I'M . - .

. i

l>^^}^^>Wvst!^^Tm^^^^^

p!'"

2074 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

% 1

It: '

I

If

r j
hi i

Hynintetriciil, that of colored aide on the ridge of the abdomen, the other
inserted in front of it ; pectoral of colored Bide long, the rays very slender,
the two upper ]»rolonged and filamentons, the upper (in adults) more than \
total length ; pectoral of hlind side more than \ of length of head; scales
ciliated, somewhat irregular, of moderate size, with small scales inter-
mixed; Huout naked, head and body otherwise scaly; scales on intcror-
bital region very small ; a series of small scales on basal half of each dor-
sal and anal ray ; base of caudal thickly scaled, a series of small scales
running nearly to tip of eacih ray, lateral line slightly rising Futeriorly,
but without distinct curve. Color light brown, with grayish .ind light
bluish dots, some darker areas and a few round brown spots ocellatod with
lighter; interorbital space with a vertical brown bar bordered by lighter;
lins mottled and spotted. This species is known only from the original
types, taken by Professor Gilbert at Panama. The several variations in
this species have not been studied. The species differs from Syacium ovale
chiefly in the much broader interorbital space. We shoubl regard this as
iinqnestionably the adult male of S. oralevrcre it not that in making large
collections of the latter species at Mn/atlan wo found not one referable
to S. latifrons. {latus, broad; frons, forehead.)

Cithariehthyt lat\fron», Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fisli Comin. 1881, 334, Panama.

(Coll. C.H.Gilbert.)
Sjjaeium lati/rons, Jordan & Goss, Review Floundora and Soles, 271, 1889.

i-;

m

ijfi i

i

%-

1 1
i!

r;1

I i

804.t. SYACIUM OYALE (Giinther).

Head 3| in length; depth 2, \,. D. 86; A. 69; scales 58; eye 4 J in head;
maxillary 2*; pectoi'al 1^; caudal 1^. Body elliptic-ovate, body outline
from snout to caudal peduncle uniform, the snout not produced ; mouth
moderate; maxillary concave behind, reaching to middle of pupil of lower
eye; lower jpw slightly included; teeth biserial in upper jaw, the inner
series small and sharp, the outer much larger, in-egular, uniserial in lower
jaw; the lower eye slightly in advance of the upper; interorbital space
narrow, as broad as pupil, concave; gill rakers as long as pupil, 2 + 8 in
number. Scales strongly ctenoid; scales on mandible, maxillary, and a
few in front of interorbital, the middle of which is naked; lateral line not
curved. Dorsal beginning slightly in front of upper eye on blind side,
the anterior rays produced a little beyond membrane ; base of ventral of
blind side wider than that of eyed side; caudal double lunate. Color
light olive brown, nearly uniform, the vertical fins with elongate dark
spots; caudal with large, irregular black spots. Pacific coast of tropical
America; common at Mazatlan and Panama. Here described from speci-
mens 6 or 7 inches in length, collected at Mazatlan, Mexico, by the Hop-
kins expedition to 8inaloa. None of these shows the broad interorbital
area of Syacium latifrons. (ovalis, oval.)

Ilemirhombtis ovalis, GDnthbr. Froc. Zool. See. Lend. 1864, 154, Panama; GCnther, Fish.

Centr. Anier., 472, pi. 80, fig. 1, 1869; Jordan &. Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comni. 1882,

108-111.
Oithariehthi/s ovalis, Jordan, Ttop.. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1885, 391.
Hyeuiwn ovale, Jordan & Ooss, Beview Flounders and Soles, 271, 1880.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2675

1049. CYCLOPSETTA, Gill.

Cycloptetta, Oill, l*roc. TJ. S. Nnt. Mns., xi, 1888, 601 (fimhriata).

Mouth very lar^e; jawH squarely truncated behind; teeth uuiserial,
thoHO of the upper jaw moderate, of lower jaw onliirged and larjjest at
sides; dorsal and anal almost symmetrical, dorsal commencing in front of
eye on snont, scarcely detlectod on blind side; caudal slightly peduncu-
late and convex ; pectorals subequal and with a snbtruncate free margin ;
ventrals nearly equal, the left on the preanal ridge, the right lateral, each
with the inner ray connected by membrane to the body; interbranchinl
membrane imperforate ; gill rakers tubercular and surmounted by blunt
denticles. This genus differs from Azevia only in the smooth scales.
(xvkXo?, circle; iprjrra, flounder, from the cycloid scales.)

a. Dorsal rays 91 to 05; nnal 73 to 75; scales 90 to 95. Color nearly plain, thn flns
blotched. qkebna, 3U44.

aa. Dorsal rays 80 to 82 ; anal G2 ; dorsal and anal with dark ocelli.

b. Scales small, about 90 ; pectoral fin uncolored ; anterior dorsal rays scarcely
produced. chittendkni, 3045.

bb. Scales larger, about 70 ; pectoral fin with black ocellus; anterior rays of dor-
sal somewhat produced. fimbriata, 3046.

fj''

' ]

'V

"il

m.

3044. CYCLOPSETTA QURRNA (Jordan & BoUman).

Head 3^^ to 3^; depth 2^. D. 91 to 95; A. 73 to 75; scales along lateral
line 90 to 95. Body shaped as in Jsevia panamenais. Mouth large, maxil-
lary If in head. Teeth as in A.panamenais, in single series, rather long and
slender, the anterior somewhat more enlarged. Snout 5 in head, its tip
hooked over the lower jaw so that the outer canines project. Interorbital
space rather narrow, slightly concave, with a few small scales, its width
a little less than pupil, ^ diiinieter of eye. Eyes moderate, 5^ in head, the
upper somewhat in advance. Gill rakers short and broad, as in A. jianamen-
ais, each with 3 or 4 strong teeth. Scales small, cycloid on both sides,
those below pectorals more reduced than in A. panamenaia, about 05 in a
cross series; anterior part of lateral line bent slightly upward, this por-
tion about 3^ in straight part. Dorsal beginning above and between the
nostrils, the anterior rays short, but with free tips ; longest ray 2^ iu head ;
pectoral of eye side If to 2 in head, of blind side 2^ to 2i; ventrals sub-
equal, each 6-rayed, 2i in head, extending ^ their length beyond vent.
Color plain brown, unspotted; fins dusky, thickly punctulate; y<tung
with 2 large oval indistinct dark spots on dorsal and anal ; 3 on caudal, of
which the middle is much larger. Distinguished from A. panavicnaia
(Steindachner) by having much smaller cycloid scales on eyed side and by
its plain coloration. Coast of Colombia. Numerous specimens, the lar-
gest about 8 inches in length, were dredged in 7 fathoms at Alhatroaa
Sta^ m 2800 and in 16 fathoms at Station 2802. {quernua, oaken, i. e.,
tanned.)

Azevia quema, Jordan & Boi.lman, Proc. F. S. Nat. AIns. 1889, 174, PaciRc Ocean off coast

1

-■*;:•

of Colombia, at Albatross Station aSoa, Lat. 8° 38' N.
N0.4U5S.)

Lone. 790 31' 30" W. (Typo,

m

li

,tl J

lJ;*_^*KBSIjP^^!»|™yj™PEs^g^

I !

J' 1

1

\ >■ 'f -1

Jt i

2G7C Bulletin 4.y, United States National Museum .

8046. CYt'LOPSETTA CIIITTKNDRNI, U. A. liean.

ne;nl 3^.111 l>ofl.y; depth 2,\. D. 82; A. 62; scales 90; eye 5 in Load.
Month widely cleft, oblique, the jaws <-urved; cleft of inonth 1<^HS than 2
in head. T«ieth of (^ach jaw in a Hingle series, those of lower jaw strong
antl sharp, onrved inward and backward, those of upper jaw not so large,
and very irregular in size. Ventral fins well developed, that of eyed side
being on abtloniinal ridge, and about f as long as pectoral ; pectorals \ as
long as h(!iid, their length equaling a little more than \ of body depth,
posterior margin oblique; gill rakers very short, tubentular, almost as
broad as long, 3 or 4 + 8 in number. Color brown ; lius lighter, marked
with blackish; 3 small faint blotches of black on first half of dorsal tin,
and 3 rather distinct blotches on second half, last blotch extending to
caudal peduncle; anal fin with 3 black blotches situated as and similar to
those of dorsal fin ; ventral of eyed side blackish, that of blind side pale ;
caudal fin with 3 black spots at its extremity; pectoral fin of colored
side blackish; quite a large blotch of black on body under this fin. This
species is distinguished from Cyclopsetta fimhriata by its shorter head,
smaller and closely adhering scales, larger teeth, the little- produced
anterior dorsal rays and by the obliciue posterior margin of the pectorals.
In C. fimhriata the scales are rather large and deciduous, the teeth small,
the anterior rays of the dorsal considerably prodnced, and the posterior
margin of the pectoral is subtrun«*ate. A single specimen collected by
Dr. John F.Chittenden, of the Victoria Institnte, Port of Spain, Trinidad
Island, and naiaed in his honor. It is 7^ inches in length. (I^ A. Bean.)

Cyclopnetta ehittendeni, B. A. Bkan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1894, 635, Trinidad.
441U0. Coll. Dr. Chittenden.)

804G. €¥CLOPSGTTA FIHBRIATA (Goode & Beau).

(Type, No.

Head 3| in length ; depth nearly 2. D. 80 ; A. 60 or 61 ; pectoral 10 ; ven-
tral 6; scales 25-70-31 ; maxillary 2 in head; caudal 4* in total length;
pectoral 5^. Mouth very large, the upper jaw strongly curved, lower jaw
included; teeth uniserial in each jaw, some of the anterior ones in the
upper jaw being much larger than those following, while those in the
lower jaw are still larger than these, .some of the teeth in each jaw do-
pressed ; upper eye placed at a distance from profile equal to ^ its own
diameter, which is a little less than 5 in head ; eyes in the same vertical ;
interorbital ridge low, 4 in eye ; gill rakers very short, tubercular, about
9 on lower part of angle. Scales cycloid; curve of lateral lino slight,
curve 3^ in straight part. Dorsal beginning on snout in advance of nos-
trils, first ray higher than second, highest rays behind middle of fin ; ori-
gin of anal under base of pectoral, its highest rays behind middle of fin,
higher than highest dorsal rays ; ventral of eyed side on ridge of abdo-
men; middle caudu. rays produced. Color grayish brown; dorsal and
anal fins each with 2 round dark blotches upon their posterior halves,
which are slightly larger than eye ; a similar dark blotch upon middle of
caudal, sometimes with smaller blotches, irregularly placed near its outer
margin; pectoral with a very narrow dark band near its base, whole of
outer half marked with a dark blotch, reticulated and mottled with

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2G77

lijrhter; interveningportion pearly white with dark specks upon the rays;
blind side cream colored. Deep waters of the (lulf of Mexico. (Goodo »fe
Bean.) (fimbriatus, fringed; from the produced dorsal rays.)

llemirhomhut ftmbriatut, Goode &. Vban, Proc. 1^. S.Kat. Mns. 1885, 591, deep waters of
the Gulf of Mexico, between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys. (Tyjio, No. 37330.
Coll. Albatr()$».)

Ani(>!ilo*»u* ?fiiiibriatUK, JonnAN & Goss, Review FlotindorH and Soles, 202, 1889.

Cydopsetta fimbriala, Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ictliyolugy, 451, ilg. 308, 1806.

1050. AZEVIA, Jordan.
Azevia, Jordan, in Jordan <fc Goss. Reviow VlouiiderH and .Soles, 271, 1889 {panameniU).
Body elliptical, compressed, covered with small, firm, ctenoid scales;
mouth large; teeth in both jaws tiniserial; vomer without teeth; gill
rakers very short and thick, tnbei'cle-like ; interorbital space ven; narrow
in both sexes, the ridges coalescing b«'tween the eyt-s; lateral lina without
arch in front; ventrala free from the anal; si^ptum of gill cavity below
gill arches, without foramen ; a deep rmarginatiou near isthnms. None of
the lins especially modified or with elongate rays. This genus ditfers lr(»m
Citharichthys in its tubercular gill rakers, as also in its smull, firm scales,
and other chiiracters of minor importance. {Azevia, a Portuguese nam«>
for the sole, used at Lisbon, according to Brito-Capello. It probably cor-
responds to the Cuban name Acedia.)

8047. AZKVIA PANAMEN8IS (Stoindaclincr).

Head ^ in length; depth 2^. D.95; A. 73 to 78; scales 73 to 78; eye .5
in head, maxillary 2; pectoral 1^; caudal ^. Body rather elongate; ante-
rior profile evenly convex; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to ]>08te-
rior border of ey<^, the upper jaw somewhat hooked over the lower; about

3 teeth in upper jaw enlarged and hooked, canines in lower jaw long and
sharp; eyes about even in head; interorbital space very narrow, h'ss
than diameter of pupil, a ridge along its middle ; gill rakers divided into
many sharp points around its edge, very short, uB wide as long, about

4 -f- 9 in number. Scales on posterior part of interorbital, maxillary, and
mandible; tip of snout, the greater part of interorbital, and tip of lower
jaw naked; scales all strongly ctenoid; lateral line not curved anteriorly.
Origin of dorsal at the vertical between tip of snout and fi'ont of eyes,
scarcely on blind side, the anterior rays somewhat' produced beyond mem-
brane, the fin rather low ; origin of anal below angle of opercle ; pecto-
rals short, that of eyed side pointed, its mate of tha opposite side broadly
rounded behind; ciudal double lunate. Here described from a specimen
collected by the Hopkins Expedition to Sinaloa, at Mazatlan, Mexico,
about 11 inches in length. We have also examined specimens from
Panama, in the museum at Cambridge, a part of the series of Dr. Stein-
dachner's original types. Pacific coast of Central America; common at
Mazatlau and Panama, {panamensia, from Panama.)

' Oithariehthy* panamentit, Steindachner, Ichtli. Beitr., in, 62, 1875, Panama; Jordan &
Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fisb Comm. 1882, 108 and 111 ; Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fisli Coiuni.
1882, 112.
Azevia panamensia, Jordan &. Goss, Roviow Flounders and Solos, 272, 1889 ; Jordan,
Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 503.

W

■4 !
It

'•'IK;

!;;! ;:♦!

Pi

I,;: )

Mm

li

I!

■J

8t -

j.7»!P«'™rFT«spTp:«Pf'wwi>|?T/^ T^f

lii'

!■-!:! !^'

p

2678 Diillctin /7, United States National Museum.

1051. CITHARICHTHYS,* Bloekcr.
(Whiffs.)

(HtharicMhj/i, Blrrkek, ('oiiiptPH ICeiidiiH Aciul. Sci. Amstord., xiil, rUiurouuctoiiloi, 0

18B'J {cai(enneii»ig . spUopterut).
OrthiipteUa, Gill, Proo. Ac. Nut. Soi. Pliila. 1862, 330 (nordidui).
Metojionopa, Gill, Proo. Ac. Nut. S«!i. Philo. 1864, 108 (eooperi = #or(iid««) . ,

Eyes and color 011 the left side. Body oblong; month of the large typi',
but comparatively small, with 1 Heriea of small, sharp teeth in each Jaw;
no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill rakers moderate, slender. Dorsal
tin beginning just in front of eye; all the lin rays simple; ventrals of
colored side on the ridge of the abdomen; no anal spine; caudal tin con-
vex or double truncate behind ; none of the fins produced. Scales thin,
deciduous, slightly ctenoid. Lateral line nearly straight, simple. Lower
pharyngeals separate, each with a single row of teeth. Vertebra) 30 to
40. This genus includes small tloundors of weak organization, eHpu-
cially (characteristic of the sandy shores of tropical America. The sub-
genus Orthopsetta includes species of more northern range and somewhat
ditlerent form, and especially noteworthy as having an increased num-
ber of vertebra). The two groups intergrade so perfectly that no shai-p
line of divinion can be drawn between them. {Citharua, an allied genus;
iX^vi, fish — a fish which lies on its HtOapo?, or ribs; that is, on its side.)

Okthopsetta (c^dof, strai){ht; ifi^rra, flounder):
a. Yertebrie 37 to 40; interorbital ridge sharply elevated; the head uot cloaely com-
pressed ; eyes large ; species of the North Pacific.
b. Interocular spnoc concave, scaly, at least beliind.
0. Gill rakers a; + 16 to 18.

d. Scales 65 to 70 ; dorsal rays 05 ; niial 77 ; depth 2}. DUS, 3048.

dd. Scales 46 to 50; dorsal rays 83 to 87; anal 67 to 70; depth 2j| in length.

FRAUILI8, 3049.

cc. Gill rakers x + 10 or 11 ; dorsal rays about 84; auul05; scales 50; depth 2|

in length. xanthostiuhus, 3050.

bb. Interocular space a sharp, naked ridge; dorsal rays 85 to 00; anal 68 to 72;

scales 55 to 60; head 3J in length ; depth 2^. stiom^us, 3051.

C""HAKICHTHYS:

aa, VertebriB 33 to 36; interorbital ridge low and narrow, the heiid closely compressed.
Species of the Atlantic or the Tropics.
e. Eyes large, 3 to 4^ in head.

/. Head large, 3 to 3} in length.

</. Interorbital space very narrow, 5 in eye ; snout with a spine; pectoral
of eyed side elongate, i longer than head; maxillary 2} in liead.
D.91; A. 73; scales 48. dinoceros, 3052.

gg, Interorbital space very broad, 2 in eye; snout without spine; pec-
toral of eyed side shorter than head; maxillary 2} in head. D.
78; A. 62; scales 43. flatophrys, 3053.

/. Head smaller, about 4 in length.

h. Body comparatively elongate, the depth about 2^ in length ; mouth
very small; the maxillary 3} in head; dorsal rays 83; anal 67;
scales 40; eye 4 in head. arctifrons, 3054.

* "As the name GUhariehthyt was introduced a short time before that of Orthopsetta,
proposed for the V»ettiehthy» sordidus, and was fr.imed for a siHtcies relat«d to that type,
that name must bo adopted if the O. sordida is not regarded as generically distinct."
(Gill.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2679

hh. Jimly cdiiiparatively broad, tli« deptli abuiit \ the lungtli; iiiuuth
larger.
i. Snout with n Htroiig, sharp spiniton eyed Hide, nhovo upper li|>;
oy««M liir).;)*, 3 in lieud; greatest depth iif body uvor the pec;-
torals; interorbital Hpace with a wide ridge, about \ diame-
ter uft^e. D. 74; A.GO; 8cabw4U. I'MCOHNIS, 3055.
a. Snout without distinct spine; eyes moderate, 3^ to 4^ in head;
greatest depth of body under middle of dornal; interorbi-
tal Hpnue a narrow, sealy ridge with a slight median gro«ive ;
maxillary 2^ in head ; teeth mna'l, those in front sliglitly
enlarged ; body not very thin ; gill rakers inmlerate, 6 + 13.
j. Dorsal rays 08; anal 52; scales smaller, the lateral line
with about 53 pores; sides with whitish blotches.

UilLKIU, 3050.
i). Dorsal rays 80; anal 50; scales large, 41 in lateral line;
sides and (ins with dark blotches. macroi-h, 3057.

««. Eyes <|uito small, 5tofliuliead; snout short, fonuing an angle with tlie pro-
tile ; mouth moderate, oblique, the maxillary 2^ to 2g in head ; teetli small,
the anterior somewhat enlarged ; dorsal rays about 80 ; anal rays 00; body
and Una speckled.
k. Scales not very large, 45 to 48 in lateral Hue; gill rakers long and slender,
longer than pupil. si'iLOPTEltrH, 305H.

kii. Scales large, 40 to 40 in lateral line; gill ntkers short, not longer tlian
pupil. aiLiiEBTi, 3050.

Subgenus ORTHOPSETTA, Gill.

3048. CITHAKK lU'lIYS NOKDIDUS (Girard).

(Sorr Floundek.)

Head 3? ; depth 2\. D. 95 ; A. 77 ; scales ($5 to 70. Form elliptical ; inter-
ooiilar space concave, scaly, a conspicuous sharp ridfje altove the lower
eye; month not large, the maxillary about 3 in length of head; teeth
anteriorly snbeqtial, growing much smaller behind. Gill rakers about
7 + 16. Lower pharyngeals narrow, each with 1 row of slender teeth.
Scales rather large, thin, and membranaceous, readily deciduous, their
edges siightly ciliate ; accessory scales numerous. Eye large, much longer
than snout, 3^ in head; depth of caudal peduncle less than \ head; ])ec-
torals long, nearly J length of head. Vertebriu 11 -f 29 = 40. Dnll olive
brownish of varying shade, the males with dull orange spots and
blotches; each scale with a darker edge; dorsal and anal fins in the male
blackish, with dull orange blotches, and edged anteriorly with yellowish ;
female paler, the fins nearly plain. Pacific coast of North America, in
water of moderate .depth ; British Columbia to Lower California. This
small flounder is one of the commonest species on the Pacific coast, being
found in water of 10 fathoms or more depth in all localities from the Mex-
ican boundary to British Columbia. Although nmch larger in size than
any other sjiecies of the genus, it rarely exceeds 2 pounds in weight. In
its deciduous scales and soft fiesh it much resembles Lyopsetta exilia and
Athcreathes stomiae, 2 species which are often taken in company with
it. Of all the species of Citharichthya, this one has the most extended
range to the northward. (Bordidus, sordid, from its dtiU coloration.)

1^

■I^Hi

- "m^^n-.

lB3^Ma™B^jSljJ;j!^lj.^^;t;;--^^,ji^]^^^^^

'H%

It,'

3-5 ■

it-

M

2680 riiillethi //, United States National Museum.

Piettichthyt $ordidut, (iIRAKD, Prac. Ac. Nat. Se«. Fhila., vii, 1854, 142, San Francisco;
Tomales Bay; fJiRAUn, U. S. Pac. li. IJ. Surv.. x. Fishes, 155, \%'A.

MetoponopM cooperi, (Jill, Pror. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 108, Santa Barbara; sliriveHetl
specimen. (Type, No. 9407.)

Orthopietta sordida, GiLL,Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 330.

CHtharichthyt tordidus, L<ickinoto.v, Kep. Com. FiHheries of California, 1878-79, 42; Lck;k-
INQTON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 1879, 83; Jordan &. Giijikut, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 18«0,
453; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 67; Jordan & Giliiert, SynopsjH,
817, 1883; I5BAN, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 353; JORDAN & Goss, Koviow Mouuders
and Soles, 274, 1889.

It**

■A

I

8040. riTHABICHTHTK FRACIILIIS, Gilbert.

Head Sj to 3} in Inngth; depth 2^ to iif (in Hpt^oiinens 5 inclios lonj^.)
D. 83 to 87; A. 67 to 70; scales 46 to 50. Vertebral 10 + 27. liody
elongate, posteriorly sharply wedju^e-shapod, tapering to base of caudal;
anterior profile very conspicuously augnlatcd above front of upper eye,
the suout strongly projcicting, its anterior profile nearly vertical ; depth
of caudal peduncle 2J in head. Anterior nostril with a short tube and
flap, the latter nearly obsolete on blind side. Mouth nu)re oblique than in
C. Hordtdus; maxillary reacliing vertical from front of pupil, 2* to2? in head.
Teeth in a single aeries, close set, those anteriorily somewhat enlarged, but
none of them canine-like. Eyes large, the vertical from front margin of
upper eye falling through front of lower pupil; longest diameter of
upper orbit 2^ in head; inlerorbital space narrow, concave, scaled, the
lower ridge strongest, its width about i diameter of orbit. Symphyseal
knob sharp. Gill rakers long, slender, close set (as in C. sorduhis), 18 on
anterior limb of arch, the long»>st i orbit. Scales large, deciduous,
somewhat irregularly arranged, 12 or 13 series above lateral line; scah'S
smooth on blind side, minutely spinous on eyed side; lateral line with-
out anterior arch. Dorsal beginning slightly in advance of eye, the long
est ray I head; pectorals long and narrow, with 11 rays on colored side.
Color dusky olivaceous, with occasional slaty-bliie 8])ot,s. This species is
closely related to C. nordidus, from which it ilifVers in the fewer veitebrse
and fin rays aad in the larger scales. Many Hpeeinums from the Gulf of
California in from 18 to 76 fathoms, at Alhatroan Stations 3011, 3016 to 3018,
and 3033. (Gilbert.) (fragiUs, fragile.)

Cithariehthnii frwjiUx, Gilbert, Pror. V. ^\ iVat. Mnn. 1890, 120, Gulf of California, east
coast of Lower California. (Type, No. 44409. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

3050. I'lTHAaiUHTIIVS XANTIIONTKilMIIiS, Gilbert.

D. 81 to 86; A. 63 to 67; scales 50. Vertcbrie ll.-{-2fi. Body deep,
varying from 2^ (in young, 3 inches long) to 2^,- (7 inches long) in length
of body. Profile angulated above front of upper eye, the snout convoxly
projecting. Depth of caudal peduncle ^ head. Lower eye in advance, the
ver+ical from front of the upper passing through front of h)wer pupil.
Mouth rather small, the outline somewhat curved, the maxillary reaching
the vertical Trom front of lower pupil, 3 ^o 3^ in head; mandible with a
sharp downward-directed point at symphysis. Teeth in a single close-set
series in each jaw, growing slightly larger anteriorly, but without canines.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2681

Anterior nostril with a Hliort tuhe, and a narrow ilap arising from its
iuuer edge. Interorbital widtli 3J to 5 in orltit, slightly conoave, the h)wor
ridge much stronger and liighor than tlie npper, scaled posteriorly. Eyo
large, the orbit 3j^ to 3j in head. Gill rakers rather long and slender,
coarsely dentate on inner margin, distant, 10 or 11 on iintorior lim1> of
arch. Scales large, in regular series, appearing cycloid, but the edges
very minutely H]>iuonG; lateral line gently rising on anterior \, but
without curve; fifty vertical series of scales, Avith as nuiny pores in lat-
eral line; 13 to 15 horizontal series above lateral line. Dorsal beginning
immediately behind posterior nostril of blind side, ending so as to leave
caudal peduncle free for a distance equaling \ diameter of eye; ventrals
long, reaching beyond origin of anal; pectoral very long and slender,
normally with 9 rays, the longest ray on colored side longer than head,
about ^ lengt\ of body. Color light olive brown, irregularly thicked with
slaty, and with numerous bright yellow spots broadly ocellated with
bi'owuish black, a series of these usually on lateral lino, and 2 others
halfway between it and th«^ dorsal and ventral outlines, respectively,
those of the latter series forming pairs; fins not eimspicuously marked,
the pectorals sometimes with faint broad dusky cross bars. Hoth coasts of
Lower California. In external appearance the spe(ne8 closely resembles
C. Hordidas, to which, however, it is not closely related, diflering in num-
ber of scales, fin rays, and Vi-rtebra-, and in the size and number of j.'-ill
rakers, (Gilbert.) Many specimens, from Alhairosa Stations 3039, 304Li,
and 3044, in 47 to 74 fathoms. {^avOoi, yellow; 6riy/iin, spot.)

Citharichthyg xanthontvjma, Qiliiert, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 120, Gulf of California,
west coast of Lower California, and Magdalena Bay. (Typo, No. 44408. Coll.
Dr. Gilbert.)

8051. CITIIAUICIITIIYS STKJM.KUS, Jordan & Gilbert.

east

)il.

Hi a

set

Head 3| in length without caudal ; depth 2\ ; dorsal 87; anal (58; scales
■Vl (pores). Body moderately deep, the 2 profiles regularly and ecjually
arched; snout short, gibbous, projecting a litth^ beyond the outline;
caudal peduncle very short, not high, its length (from end ol" last verte-
bra to vertical from last anal ray) about 'i its height, which is 'i length
of head; caudal iin appearing sessile. Mouth moderate, very oblique,
the maxillary reaching beyond front of pupil, 2J in head; teeth in a
single series, subequal in the two Jaws, rather long, very slender and nu-
merous, decreasing toward angle of mouth ; about 40 teeth in the upper
Jaw, and 30 in the lower on blind side. Eyes large, close together, sepa-
rated by a narrow, sharp, scaleless ridge; the upper eyo largest, slightly
behind the lower, with considerable vertical range; diauuiter of upi)er
eye 3jt in head. Snout and lower Jaw scaleless; end of niaxillary and rest
of head scaled. Gill rakers moderate, not strong, about 9 on anterior
limb. Dorsal fin beginning on the vertical from front of upper eye, the
tirst 3 rays being 8im)0\vhat turned to blind side; the tin low, the highest
at beginning of its posterior third, the longest ray nearly i length of head ;
anivl spine present, very snuiU; caudal rounded, about equalling length
of head; pectoral of colored side lj{ in head, of blind side, 2.U Scales
3030 91

■> i

i 'i

1 I,. ! tf

Tm5B«SSSSffi5E^K«

WW^^^":^W'W^W~!'^^W'-^!^W^' '

2682 Bullcthi //, United States National Museum.

moderate, those forming the lateral line persistent, the others deciduous,
those on colored side with ciliated margins, on hlind side smooth ; lateral
line without anterior curve, the scales crowded and smaller anteriorly.
Color in spirits uniform olivaceous, the scales dark edged; lips and
some of the membrane bones of bead margined with blackish; tins
dusky, each seventh (to tenth) ray of vertical fiiis with a very small but
conspicuous black spot on its middle. The above description is fi-om the
original typo from Santa Barbara. Numerous specimens dredged by the
Albatross in 9 to 41 fathoms olf the coast of California show tbe followin<;
characters: Gill rakers x-f 9. Specimens 5 mm. long show white spots
each with a black half ring on the outer side symmetrically arranged
along bases of dorsal and aual; 4 distinct pairs of these, 2 unpaired ones
more anteriorly along dorsal base, and a few fainter ones midway between
these rows and the lateral line and alternating with them ; there are some
other scattered light spots. The abdomen is covered by a broad blaek
streak ; this, however, is wiinting in specimens larger and smaller. Coast
of California ; rare ; in rather deep water. The original type of this species
is a young example, taken near Santa Barbara by Capt. Andrea Larco. In
the Museum of Comparative Zoology are other specimens collected by Mr,
C.iry at San Francisco. These have 72 anal rays, while tbe original type
had but 08. A few other specimens bave been since obtained. Some of
these are full of spawn at a length of 5 inches, (driyjualoi, speckled.)

Cithariehthya xtiijmceus, Jordan &, Gilbert, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 410, 411, Santa
Barbara (Coll. A. Larco. Typo, 31091) IT. s. Nat. Mus.) ; Jordan & Giuiert, Synopsis,
965, 1883; Jordan & Goes, Keviow Flounders and Soles, 274, 1889; Gilbert, Kept. U.
S. Fish. Conim. 1893 (1806) 473.

Subgenus CITHARICHTHYS.
3058. CITHABICHTHYS DINOt'KltOS, iUmUi &^ Bean.

li.-; I
If i

lii' 1

^;* I

I

i
i

1 ,

11

Head 3*^ in length; depth 2^. D. 91; A. 73; scales 14-48-16; eye 3| in
head; maxillary a little less than 2; greatest height of dorsal 2; pec-
toral 2.i in botly ; caudal 5^. Teeth unisei'ial in both jaws, those in the
front much the largest ; a strong spine upon the snout overhanging the
u[>per lip, above this a second shorter spine; interorbital very narrow, its
width less than 5 iu eye, ridge rather prominent, narrow, sharp. Scales
thin, deciduous, cycloid, large; lateral line slightly curved over the pecto-
ral. Dorsal beginning on snout, in advance of eye, upon tbe blind side,
its highest rays behind the middle; origin uf anal under base of pectoral;
third and fourth pectoral rays upon the eyed side elongate, the tin ^ longer
than its mate of the opposite side ; caudal subsessile, pointed. Color gray-
ish brown above, white below. Vertobrse 33 to 36. West Indies, in deep
water. The type specimen, 92 mm. long to base of caudal, was taken by
the Blake, oft' Guadeloupe; others were taken otf St. Lucie and Barbados,
from 310 to 955 fathoms, ((ioode & Bean. ) ((5«/ vo^, terrible ; Meptxi, horn )

Vitharichlhyt dinoceros, Goode & liEAN, IJull. Miis. ('onip. Zool., xii, No. 5, 157, 1880, off
Martinique, St. Lucie, and Barbados; Jordan & (ions, Iteview Flounders and
Soles, 275, 1889; GooDE ic BBAN.Ocoauic Icaithyology, 447, 1806.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2G83

305». CITHAUlCiiTIIYS PLATOl'HBYS, Gilbert.

Head 3; depth 2. D. 78; A, 62; scales 43. Body ovate; caudal fin siih-
sesHile, the free portion of caudal peduncle about ^ as lon^ as diameter of
pupil, its depth \ length of head. Mouth very oblique; maxillary 2^ in
head, reaching vertical from middle of l«)w«'r eye. Teeth slender, close
set, in a single series in each jaw, th s<i in front of upper .jaAv largest, but
utit canine-like. Eyes large, tile lower much in advance of the upper,
their horizontal diamctor 3i in hea<l. Interorbital spare very wide for the
genus, concave, divided by an oblique ridge running backward from mid-
dle of upper orbit; interorbital width %\ in head, nearly \ as wide as eye.
Distance from tip of snout to front of lower eye J diameter of eye, from tip
of snout to upper eye \ head. Gill rakers short and very 8lcnd«'r, less than
diameter of pupil, 9 present on horizontal limb of outer arch. Scaler large,
those on blind side very weakly ctenoid. Dorsal beginning behind nostril
on blind side of Bu«)ut, its longest ray 2.! in head; pectoral of eyed side
long and narrow, 4 in length, containing 11 rays, that of blind side )>ut .J
its length; ventrals short; caudal rounded, l:( in head. Color in spirits,
uniform light brownish (olivaceous in life), without distinctive marks;
tins somewhat dusky; ventr.al of eyed side jet-black, that of blind side
blackish on distal portion of inner rays. (Gilbert.) One specimen known,
from Albatross Station 2799, southwest of Panama. (;r/\art)j, broad;
oiltpv^, eyebrow.)

Citharichthy* platophryB, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. ^at. Mub. 1800, 454, Albatross Station 1799,
southwest of Panama. (Coll. Albatross.)

3054. t'lTHABICHTIlYS AR( TIFRONS, Gmxle.

Head 4 in body; depth 2^. D.82; A. (57; itectoral8 9orlO, 7; scales 8-40-8;
eye 4 in head; maxillary 3^; caudal 1. Body comparatively elongate;
mouth small; teeth small, the anterior scarcely enhirged; interorbital
space narrow, sharp, scalelesH ; scales cycloid, deciduous; small scales
on the rays of the ventral lius; lateral line shiirply defined, straight.
Dorsal beginning above front of upper eye, its highest ray about 3 times
the distance from snout to first ray; origin of anal under base of pei-to-
ral; caudal snbsessile, triangular; rays of vertical fins all exserted;
pectoral inserted low, that of eye<l side twice (he length of the other.
Coh)r dirty light brown. Deep waters of the Gulf iStream. {arctua, con-
tracted; front, forehead.)

Cithariehthy* areti/rons, Goodk, Troc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 341, 472, Gulf Stream off south-
ern coast of New England; (iopuE & liKAN, Bull. Muh. Comp. Zool.,yoI. x, No. 5,
XIX, 194, 1883; JoHDAN &, GiLiiERT, Synop-sis, 818, 1883; .louDAN & Goxs, lieviow
Flouudei-B and Soles, 275, 1880; Goudb & ISean, Ocoanio Ichtliyology, 442, tig. 3H0, 18*.)G.

8055. t'lTHAUICHTIlYS VMCOBNIS, Goode.

Head 4 in length; depth a little less than length. D. 74; A. 00; 1*. t
(right), 10 (left); scales 12-40-12; eye L' in licatl; maxilbiry scarcely 2;
highest dorsal ray 2. Body deep, its greatest heiglit over the pectorals;

■i '

m

■'ii ■■ ^ ;l

i 1 . ; I

'1 ■

■
'■

?^^5f^?^^?5^^^^^^^^^?"^f!SP^P^K:^3pp^^J

-rrr-^fr^r^rr-'''

PI;

I'i'
I'

■Jii !

I

m

w

7

p

' --!

r' '■''

! ■I

l!

■ j i

i1

I ■ :;'ii: I

!

5 it

T;rt :

2684: Bulletin //, United States National Mnsetmi.

scales thin, decidnous; eye equal to suout or interorbital space; intoror-
bital Avith a strong ridge; tet^tli minute, close sot, in a single series,
stronger on the blind side; a strung, sharp spine on the snout at the
anterior termination of the ridge at lower margin of upper eye; caudal
pointed, triangular, subsessile ; pectoral of left side twice as long as the
eye, not A longer than right pectoral. Dorsal beginning at side of jpreor-
bital spine, its anterior rays being slightly npon the blind side; anal
t'(iual to dorsal in height. Ashy gray, with dark lateral line; eyes black.
(Goode.) Deep waters of the Gulf Stream, {unicornis^ having one horn.)

Vitharichthys unicornis, Goode, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1880, 342, Gulf Stream off south-
east of New England; Jordan &. Gu-i«ebt, Synopsis, 818, 1883; Joudan & Goss,
Revile w Flounders and Soloa, 275, 1880; Guodk &. Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 444,
ttg. 369, A & B, 1896.

3050. CITHARICHTHY8 UHLERI, Jordan.

D. 68; A. 52; scales 53 (pores). Hody comparatively broad, regularly
oval, without angle ; grcat«!8t depth of body under middle of dorsal ; eyes
moderate, 4^ in head, close together, the orbital ridges coalescent, the
lower larger. Teeth small, uniserial; maxillary 2, J, in head; gill rakers
short and very slender, x + 12. Color dark brown, with whitish blotches
the lins mottled. Hayti. A single specimen in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, \if inches in length. The species is close to Citharichtbyn
macrops, but its fin rays and scales are considerably more numerous than
in the latter. (Name«l for Mr. I'hilip Keese Uhler, the well-known ento-
mologist, its discoverer.)

Citharichthyt uhleri, Jordan cfc Goss, lleview Flounders and Soles, 275, 1889, Hayti.
(Coll. r. K. Uhler. Type in Mus. Coiup. Zool.)

8057. CITHAUICTHVS MAIROPS, Dresel.

Head 4 in body ; depth scarcely 2. D. 80 ; A. 56 ; scales 14-41-16 ; lower eye
4 in head ; maxillary 2A ; highest dorsal rays a little ovi'r 2 ; pectoral o'' eyed
side Ij ; caudal 4 in body ; vertebra* 9 -f 25 =34. Hody suboval ; upper pro-
file very convex, descending in a sharp curve from nape to front of upper
eye, and forming an abrupt angle with the short, blunt suout; mouth mod-
erat«*, very oblique and curved ; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye ;
teeth minute, uniserial, slightly larger on blind side; interorbital narrow,
with a scaleless ridge, which curves upward and backward to upper angle
of gill opening; upper eye very close to profile, its anterior margin on the
same vertical line with lower; snout shorter than eye; gill rakers about i
the length of eye, 6 + 13 in uumljer. Scales large, not ciliated, no acces-
sory scales; origin of dorsal on blind side near tip of snout, anterior rays
exserted, the first ray as long as eye, the fin highest at its middle ])ortiou ;
origin of anal under base of pectoral, its highest part a little higher than
dorsal ; caudal pointed ; pectoral of blind side somewhat shorter than that
of eyed side. Color in spirits, liglit-olive l)rown ; body with some 20 dark-
brown spots, the largest as large as eye, 4 of these arranged at equal inter-
vals along the lateral line, the second near the middle the most ])rominent;
dorsal and anal fins with a series of round, brown sp(»ts, 1 at the middle of
every sixth or seventh ray, besides small irregular spots and mottlings;

Jordan a^id Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2685

caudal spotted and mottled Avith dark brown, aud with 2 round, brown
spots, 1 above the other at the base of the fin. (Dresel.) South Atlantic
and Gulf coasts of the United Htates; rather common; a well-marked
species. We have examined several specimens dredged in tlm harbor of
Beaufort, N. C, by Prof. Oliver P. Jenkins, (//nrw/aoj, large; ft"^', ey«*.)

Cithariehthyg macrojtg, IIresel, Troc. 1'. S. Nat. Mua. 1884, 539, Pensacola (Tyjio No.
21500); Joui'AN, rroc. IT. S. Nat. Miis. lH8i, 29; JonuAN & Ooss, Roviow KloumlerM
anil SoIe», 275, 1889.

305S. CITIIARKilTllYS SPILOPTKRI'S, Oiiiiiliir.

Head 3A in body ; depth 2^. 1 ). 7.") to 80 ; A. 58 t«) 61 ; scales 45 to 48 ; eye
Gin head; maxillary 2J; pectoral 24; highest dorsal and anal rays 2;
caudal IJ. ]?ody moderately elongate, much compre.ssed; snout short,
forming an angle with the profile; Jaws strongly curved, the u])por some-
what hooked over the lower; loM^er Jaw slightly included; maxillary
reaching to posterior margin of lower orbit; teeth small, in a single row,
the anterior a little enlarged ; interorbital area a low, narrow ridge, which
is divided only anteriorly; gill rakers short and rather slender, about 3 in
eye, 4 + 12 in nnmber; scales cycloid. Origin of dorsal above anterior
edge of upper eye, very slightly on blind sitle, its highest rays in its pos-
terior half; origin of anal slightly behind base of pectoral; pectoral of
eyed side very slightly shorter than that of eyed side ; vertebrai 34. Color
olive brownish, somewhat translucent, with darker dots and blotches; a
series of distant obscure blotches along bases of <lors.al and anal. Atlantic
coast of tro]>ical America north to New .lersey ; very common on sandy
shores; not found in the Pa(;ilic, all west coast references belonging to
C. gilbcrli. Here described from a specimen from Havana, 0 inches in
length. This little flfumder is almost everywhere! abundant on the sandy
shores of the warmer parts of the Western Atlantic, in shallow water.
Careful comparison of specimens from South Carolina, Culia, and lirazil
shows* no tangible difference, and we are compelled to regard all as form-
ing a single speci ,s. It rarely exceeds 5 or fi inches in length. It usually
comes into the markets mixed with other shore fishes, and it nowhere
receives any notice as a food-fish. This species is common in the markets
of Havana, and it is evidently the original of Poey's Hcmirhomhus fuKCuSf
although in I'oey's description there seems to be some confusion, because
the teeth are said to be biserial above, and 60 scales are counted in the
lateral line. A specimen from Pot^y in the museum at Cambridge is labeled
" Ilvmirhomhus fusctis, type. Collector's nnmber, 87." This belongs to
C, apiloptenis, and it has 48 scales in the lateral line. Hleeker's C. gua-
Umalensh agnses in all respects with C. apiloiticrua. We are unable to liiid
any descri])tion of ('. cayenmnda, if, indeed, the species has ever been de-
scribed. Specimens of C. apilopterua are in the museum at Caml)ridg«»
from Cuba, Parti, Sambaia, Pernainbuco, Camarii, Rio das Volhas, Rio
Janeiro, and San Matheo. {dytiXn?, spot; ffrf/jor, fin.)

Cithariehthj/g ipilirpterux, orNTHEii, Cat., IV, 421, 1802, New Orleans, San Domingo,
Jamaica; Johdan & Gii.iikrt, Troc. U. S. Nnt. Mas. 1882. 018; Jordan &. (iiL-
HEiiT, Synopsis, 817, 1883; .Iorkan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mum. 1880, 53; Jokdan &, (Joss,
lleviuw Floundurtt aud Solua, 270, 1889.

■"'la

\i

ill:

;TTPy^^

2680 Bulletin ^7, United States National Mtiseutn,

Cilhariehthys rayennensis, liLERKEB, Comptes KeudiiM Acad. Sci. Anisterd., Xiii, 1802, 6,

Cayenne; name only.
Cithariehthytt guatemalentia, liLEEKEB, Kctder. Tydscihr. Dierk. 1864, 73, Guatemala;

GDnther, Fisb. Centr. Amer., 472, 18C9.
Hemirhombus/useus, PoEY, Synopsis, 406, 1868, Havana; Poey, Enuineratio, 138, 1875.

■•'■ ■\

m '

3069. riTHARICHTHTS flILBKRTI, Jorkins & Evermann.

Head 3i to 3*; depth of bead 4; depth of body 1,3^ to 2^. D. 77 to 82;
A. 57 to 61 ; Hcales 18-40 to 46-19. Body comparatively broad, formed as in
C. spilopUruH, the two profiles about equally arched ; snout slightly longer
than longest diameter of eye, and without a distinct spine. Eyes on left
side, equal in size, small, 5 to 5)^ in head; interorbital space narrow, If in
eye, low, slightly grooved, and scaled on posterior portion only. Maxillary
2;^ in head, reaching barely to posterior border of eye; upper jaw project-
ing. Teeth small, in a single series; gill rakers 4 -f 13, short and slender,
not longer tlian pupil, with a rather broad base, narrowing to a slender
stalk. Dorsal fin beginning in front of upper eye, the first 3 rays grow-
ing from the blind side, the distance of origin from snout 7 in head; lin
rays all simple, 2^^^^ in head; pectorals nearly equal, the one on colored
side being slightly longer, 1^^ in head; rays on colored side 9; on blind
side 8; ventrals 2,'^jf in head; caudal rounded, caudal peduncle short,
its depth 8 in the body, equaling height of anal; scales large, ciliated,
pretty uniform, those toward head and margins of disk becoming smaller;
lateral line gradually descending along the course of about 16 scales, from
which point it is straight. Color ligho brown, with about 15 irregular
dark blotches of various sizes, the largest being a pair on the latter third
of the disk, 1 on each side of lateral line, as great in diameter as length
of ventral lin. Specimens from fresh waters (C aumichraati) are much
darker in color; gray, everywhere closely peppered with dark specks;
pectoral and caudal mottled. Pacific coast of tropical America; very
abundant in sandy bays from Guaymas to Panama, ascending all the
streams. This species very closely resembles ('. apilopterus, representing
the latter on the Pacific cosist, and it has been freciuently recorded under
th(^ name C. ajnlopUrua. C. gilb/rti differs mainly in the shorter gill rakers
and in the slightly larger scales. Fresb-watcr specimens (as the type of
C. aumichraati from liio Zanatenco, Chiapas, and numerous examples col-
lc<'ted by us in Rio Presidio, near Mazatlan) differ considerably in color,
being much darker, but there is no otiier difference. ("This species is
iledicated to Prof. (Jharles H. Gilbert, whose collection and notes on fishes
from Mazatlan, containing undescribed speci«;s, this among them, were
destroyed l»y fire in 1883.")

Cilhariehthys ijilbcrti, Jenkins &, Bvekmann, Proc. XT. S. Nat. Miib. 1888, 157, Guaymas,

Mexico (Typo, No. 39627. Coll. Jenkins & Evorniann) ; Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci.

1895, 503.
Cilharichthyg sumichratfi, Jordan & Goas. R«^-% iew Flounders and Soles, 276, 1889, Rio

Zanatenco, Chiapas. (Coll. Prof. Fruncis E. Suniiclirnst. Type, 25299, M. C. Z.)
Cithariehthy» spiloplerus, (iONTHKR, Fisli. Centr. Anier., 471, pi. 80, flg. 2, 1869; Jordan

it Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Miis. 1882, 382; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. M us.

1882, 630; Jordan Sl Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Cumiu. 1882, 108-111; not of Gl)N-

TilEit, 1802.

?

m

a i

i

It

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2687

1052. ETROPUS, Jordan «fe Gilbert.

Etroput, Jordan & Gilbert, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 364 (crossotus).

Eyes aud color on left side. Body regularly oval, deep, and compressed.
Head sinuU; month very small, the teeth close set, slender, and pointed,
Homewhut incurved, mostly on the blind side; no teeth on vomer. Eyes
small, separated by a narrow, scaleless ridge ; margin of preopercle free.
Ventrals free from anal, that of colored side inserted on ridge of abdomen,
its base rather long. Dorsal fin beginning above eye ; caudal double trun-
cate; anal without spine. Scales thin, deciduous, ctenoid on left side,
cycloid on blind side. Lateral line simple, nearly straight. Size small.
This genus is very close to Citharichthyn, from which it differs only in the
very small size of the mouth, and in the correspondingly weak dentition.
The 3 or 4 known species are similar in appearance to t!lie specit^s of Citha-
richthj/H, aud they inhabit the same waters. Another genus extremely
close to Etropue and Citharichthys is Thysanopsetta, a South American genus.
The teeth in Thyaanopactta are, however, arranged in a baud. Tlie larval
forma are translucent aud symmetrical, as in Flatophrya, MonoUne, Arno-
gloaaua, etc. {r/rpov, abdomen; itovi, foot; in allusion to the insertion of
the ventrals, <;ommou to all the PaeUinw, but not found in other small-
mouthed species. )

a. Snout not acute ; doraiil rnya 75 to 85.

b. Body comparatively elongate, the depth rather I(!8h than ( length.

c. Dorsal rayH 81 ; anal 58; head 4^ in length ; eye Skinhead; maxillary 4.

MICROSTO.MU8, 3060.

ec. Dorsal rays 77 ; anal 61; head 4 in length ; eye Skinhead; maxillary 4 J.

RIMOSUS, ;i061.

66. Body very deep, the depth more than J length; eye 3} in head; maxillary 4;

head4J; dcpthliito2; l).70to85; A.5Gto67; scales 42 to 48; cirri on sub-

operclo of Idiud side very uuuieroii.s, white; olive ground, with darker

blotches ; fins sanded. CHiWSOTUs, 3062.

30«0. ETBOPUS MICROSTOMUS (tJill).

'• D. 81 ; A. .58 ; caudal 4, 6, 5, 3 ; pectoral 10 ; ventral 6. The height of the
body enters about 2| times (0.36-0.37) in the extreme length ; that of the
caudal peduncle about 11 times. The head forms a fifth of the lengtli,
is rather abbreviated, scarcely sinuous above the eyes, blunt at the snout,
which scarcely exceeds ■] of the head's length and the rostral area is
rhombic, and not higher than long. The eyes are even; the longitu-
dinal «";.",» .ter contained about 3* times (0.05J) in the head's length. The
moutu is rather small, the length of the upper only equaling ^ of the
length, and that of the lower f of the head's length. The teeth are
very small, and close together; larger in front. The dorsal commences
above the front of tlie orbit, and is highest aud convergent lujar the for-
tieth ray, which equals about ,V of the total length; the anal is highest
at about the twenty-fifth ray, and is as high or even higher than the dor-
sal. The caudal is rounded behind, and forms about ^ of the length.
The pectoral fins are unequally developed, that of the dark side being
prolonged, and contained only 6J times in the total length, while that of
the white side only equals -[\( of the same; the rays are all simple.

;' .i

',1 ^l

III

!i !

pB

"^1

■ i"'^*!

■'i

I -t !

h%

.S?K0!R^P^^«S^^35«i^^^^¥iSS^J!;?»S^1^STR^

*rt :-

Vi \A

i \

i'f

2688 nnUcthi4j, United States National Mnsmm.

Tlio ventral lins an^ also unequally developed, the right being on the ab-
dominal ridge at its origin, rather in advance of the opercular margin and
with its longest rays contained about 14 times in the total length j stretched
Itackward, it extends to the second anal ray; the fin on the white side is
more advanced, wider, and its rays longer, contained less than 12 times in
the length and extends Itackward to nearly the third anal ray. The scales
are large, angular behind, covered with smaller ones, especially near the
point of .juncti(m of contiguous ones, where alone they are developed on
the Mind side; tlie scales of the eyed side are mostly minutely ciliated
behind, unarmed, however, near the lateral line, the scales of whi<'h last
are (piadrate and mostly covered; the scales of the blind side are less an-
gular behind and unarmed. The lateral line runs through about 42 scales,
while of longitudinal rows there are 10 above and 14 below the lateral
line. The color is uniform reddish brown. A single specimen, little more
than 3 inches long, was first obtained by Professor Baird, at lieeslcys
Point." (Gill.)

This species has not been certainly recognized by recent writers, unless,
as supposed by Jordan »fe Goss, it is identical with Etropus rimoaua. It is
in any ev(^nt ctTtainly an Etropiin. In the Museum of Comparative Zool-
ogy are numerous young specimens collected at Somers Point, New Jersey,
by Dr. Stimpson. These seem t" bdojg t<» the genus Etropna. The teeth
are equal; the scales ar«^ 44, and the depth of the body is 2^ in its length.
The eye is 4 in head, the dorsal rays 75 to 80, and the anal rays 56 or 57.
The color is light brown, mottled and spotted with darker. These jtrob-
ably represent the Cilharichthifa microatomua of Gill, collected in the same
neighborhood by the same naturalist. We are unable to distinguish them
from Etropua rimoaiis, (fiixpoi;, amskll; (JroMO', month.)

CitharicMhys microstotnug, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 223, Beesleys Point, New
Jersey (Coll. Prof. S.F. Baird); Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 446, 1896;
JOBDAN, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1890, 332.

Etropusviicrostomvt, Jordan &. Goss, Keviev Flounders and Solos, 278, 1889.

li'. i

,," I

i l

>.*.

3061. ETB0PU8 RIMOSUS, Goode & Bean.

Head 4 in body; depth '.1 to 2^. D.77; A. 61; scales 12-41-14; eye 3 J in
head; maxillary 1|; snout 8; caudal 1. Body somewhat elongate, pear-
shaped; mouth very smri'l, its cleft less than i the orbit, its angle below
anterior margin of lo'. er eye; teeth well developed on blind side on each
jaw, also on eyed side of lower jaw in front; eyes placed in the same
vertical ; upper eye close to dorsal profile, and separated from its mate by
a space less than } its diameter; interorbital ridge low; nostrils in a lino
with the interoi'bital ridge, each in a short tube, the posterior the larger,
the anterior midway between tip of snout and front of lower orbit; head
entirely scaled ; accessory scales numerous. Dorsal commencing on blind
side at anterior margin of eye, the highest rays somewhat behind middle
of fin, its length 7 times in total length; origin of anal under base of pec-
toral, its highest rays equal to those of dorsal ; pectoral of eyed side
longest, equal to head without snout; caudal fin rounded. Color gray,
hoary above, with a few irregularly placed indistinct brownish blotches,
none of them larger than eye; white below. West coiast of Florida;

mi!

i\

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2G81)

typo, 100 mm. long, collected by the Jlbatroaa at Htatiou 2408, depth 21
fathoms, between Pensacola and Cedur Keys, Florida. (Goode & Uean.)
On reexamining our specimens of Etropm, wo tind that those obtained
by Jordan & Evermann from Pensacola differ from the others in the
greater elongation of the body and in the somewhat grayer coloration.
These correspond fairly to the description and liguro of Etropua rimoHiia.
All other specimens from the United States const collected by Dr. Jordan
and his associatcH are, in onr opinion, referabh". to Etropua croaaoUia. The
original description of Cithariohthifa microatomua, Gill, flts this species
bettor than any other known. The fish in question is much too elongate
for FAropux crosaoUia (depth 2^^ in total length), and the mouth is too small
f(tr any of the known species of Citharichihya (maxilhiry 4 in head; mandi-
ble 2J). Wo have little doubt of the identity of Etropua rimoana and micro-
Ktomn8, but leave the matter for further investigation. The separation of
/i'. rimoaua from E. croaaotna is not beyond question, (rivioaua, frosted.)

Etropua rimotvs, GooDE & Bean, I'roc. V. S. Nat. Whs. 1885, .'ioa, coast of Florida, between
Pensacola and Cedar Keys, dredged at tho depth of 21 fatliinuH; GoonB &. Bean,
Oceanic Iclithj'ology, 455, pi. 104, ligs.300, .fGl, 1896. (Tl«o latter figure an excellent
repreaontation of the Byiunietrical, tranHliu^out larval form, before the right eye has
crossed the forehead.)

Ktropus erouotua, Jobdan & Evermann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1886, 476; not of Jordan &

UlLBEUT.

S0G2. ETK<»PUS CR0S80TU8, Jordan & Gilbert.

Head 4* in length ; depth If to 2. D. 76 to 8.5 ; A. 56 to 67 ; V. 6; scales
42 to 48; vertebrje 9 -(-2.5 = 34. Body oval, strongly comjiressed, with the
dorsal and ventral curves nearly equal; both outlines strongly arched an-
teriorly, tho body much deeper in adult specimens. Head very small ;
snout short; mouth very small, its cleft not so long as diameter of orbit.
Teeth conical, pointed, close set, strongly incurved, in a single series,
those in upper Jaw on blind side only, those in lower jaw on both sides.
Eyes large, the lower in advance of the upper, tho two separated by a
very narrow scaleless ridgo, which extends backward above preopercle;
edge of opercle on blind side, with a row of conspicuous white cilia.
Upper nostril turned somewhat to blind side; anterior nostril on left
side, with a very slender cirrus. Dorsal fin commencing over front of
upper eye, its middle rays highest, the anterior not elevated; anal fin
not preceded by a spine, its middle rays highest; caudal fin very sharply
double-truncate, as long as head ; pectorals short, that of left side the
longer, about J length of head; ventral of colored side on ridge of abdo-
men, the membrane of its last rays nearly reaching base of first ray of
anal ; ventral of blind side longer than the other, \ length of head, inserted
farther forward than that of colored side. Vent lateral, with a well-
developed anal papilla. Scales thin, large, ctenoid on colored side,
smooth on blind side, those on the middle part of th<5 body larger; head
entirely scaly, except snout and interorbital ridge; rays of vertical fins
with scales on the basal half, on colored side; lateral line developed
equally on both sides, nearly straight. Color olive brown, with some
darker blotches most distinct in the larger specimens; vertical fins finely
mottled and streaked with black and gray; pectoral and ventral <m left

1 1

II

■;- i

' 1

I i

!« ■ i

i

[iil .

2690 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

aide spotted. Tropical America on both coasts, north to Cerros Island
and North Carolina, south to Panama and Rio Janeiro; the typo a single
specimen, about 5 inches long, taken with a seine in the Astillero at
Maxatlan. This little fish seems to be abundant in all warm and sandy
shores of tropical America. It is the smallest and feeblest of all our
flounders, and has therefore been generally overlooked by collectors. In
the Museum of Comparative Zoology are specimens of this species from
Rio Janeiro, Hantos, Victoria, Para, and Sambaia, in Brazil. The largest
of these is 6 inches in length. Head 5 m length ; depth l^^,;; scales 44 ;
1). 85; A. 67. We have specimens from Charleston, Cedar Keys, New
Orleans, Galveston, Beaufort, North Carolina, Mazatlan, Panama, and
from several localities along both sidcts of the coast of Lower California.
These vary in form, color, and s<|uamiition, but we are unable to point «Mit
specific distinctions among them, {xpoddooro^, fringed, from the cirri of
the Hubopercle.)

Etroput croisotus, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1881,364, Mazatlan; Jordan
& Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 305 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mim.
1882, 618 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish C'oimu. 1882, 108-111 ; Jordan & Gilbert,
Synopsis, 839, 1883; Bean, Oat. Fish. Interu. Exli. 1883, 44; Jordan & Swain, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 234 ; Jordan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 278, 1889.

Ktropus mierottomus, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 29 ; not Citharichthya micros-
tomus. Gill.

1053. MONOLENE, Goode.

Monolene, Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 338 (temlieanda) .

Thyris, Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 344 (pellueidu* ; larval form) ; name preoccupied.

Delothyris, Goode, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 110 (peUueidus) ; substitute for Thyris.

Body thin, elongate ; eyes on the left side, very close together, near the
profile; mouth moderate, the length of the maxillary leHS than i that
of the head; teeth minute, in a single series, nearly ei^nal on both sides;
no teeth on vomer or palatines. Scales rather largo, ctenoid on colored
side, cycloid on blind side. Lateral line well marked, that of colored side
strongly and angularly curved antf riorly, that of blind side nearly straight.
Pectoral of blind side wholly ab>4ent; dorsal beginning on the snout, its
rays all simple. Caudal fin sessile, almost confluent with dorsal and anal.
Ventral fins normal, that of the left side on the ridge of the abdomen;
gill rakers few, feeble. Vertebra* 43. Deep-sea ftshes, closely allied to
Trichopsetta and Arnoglossua^ but with the right pectoral obsolete. The
translucent larva of Monolene is similar to the larva of Platophrys. It was
at first described as a distinct genus {Thyri8 = iJeloiliyria) by Dr. Goode
before its true character was recognized. The following are the characters
ascribed to the larval genus Delothyris :*

* The following are the characters of the species, Delothyri$ pellueidus, Goode:
Colorless, translucent ; 3 couspicuonn, dusky, longitudinal lines on left side, the middle
one faintest. Two streaks on right side; eyes black. Body thin, pellucid, divided into
3 longitudinal tracks by depressions at the bases of the rows of inters])inous processes.
Scales small, thin, caducous. Head very small; eyes small, protruding, their diameter
equal to the interorbital space and } the length of tlie snout; mouth small, formed as in
the soles, the upper Jaw somewhat hook-shaped. Dorsal fln boginning in advance of the
eye, of long, flexible, simple rays, the tips of which are much exserted. Pectorals inserted
far below later:il line, that on blind side as long as orbit, the other as long as snout; vent-
rals reaching nast front of uual Head 5; deptli 3. 1). 100: A. 80; P. 12 (left), 4 (right).
Length 3 incnes. (Goode.) Gulf Stream, ut! the coast of Rhode Island.

! i

Jordan and Everniann, — Fishes of North America. 2(591

Body elongate, soft, and trannlucent. I load very short; mouth small,
toothless. Eyes sinistral, close together, th«^ lower slightly advanced.
Pectoral of blind side smallest; ventrals crowded together on median
keel of body, their bases prolonged on this keel. Rays simple; dorsal
beginning on the snout; caudal siiltsessile, almost confluent with dorsal
and anal. Scales veiy thin, easily detached, probably cycloid. Lateral
line well marked, straight, (/itoyoi, one; d)\ivy, arm.)

a. Dorsal ray h 00 to 103 ; niial rays 70 to 81 ; scalcH 92.
a<(. DorHal rayti 124; aual rays 100; scales 105.

BESKILirArDA, 306H.
ATKIMANA, 3004.

8068. MOXOLF.NK SENHILK^AUDA, Goode.

Head T) in body; d«'pth 2 J. D. 99 to 103; A. 7!> \o 84; scales 2.3-92-2.");
eye 4 in head; highest dorsal ray 2; highest anal rays slightly mon^ than
3; pectoral Ijt; caudal nearly 1. Body moderately elongate ; maxillary
extending slightly past front of lower eye, with uniserial, suboqual teeth;
lower eye in advance of upper ; interorbital space very small, less than \ the
diameter of eye; head every where closely scaled; sciiles ctenoid; lateral
line strongly curved over anteri«)r f of pectoral, the curve with 2 angles, 72
scales along straight portion ; lateral line of blind side nearly straight.
Origin of dorsal over anterior edge of lower eye, longest rays in the poster-
ior fourth of the fin; origin of anal under base of pect«)ral; pectorjil pres-
ent only on eyed side. Color on left side ashy brown, with nuuierons mor«*
or less distinct darker brown spots; on blind side white, pectoral blackish
with traces of lighter transverse bands. Specimens from shallow Avater
near Key West (Coll. Trof. C. C. Nutting), according to Mr. Garman, aie
much more brightly colored. These are "grayish brown, with numerous
sftots of darker to blackish over head and body, the spots being ir as large
as the eye or smaller, arranged for the greater part in broad transverse
bands as wide as the interspaces, of which bands the first and foremost
])asse8 from the nape to the opercle, tbe second lies immediately behind
the pectoral, the third just in front, and the fourth just behind the middle
of total length, and the fifth, more indistinc'^t, «trosses near the ends of the
dorsal and anal; the catidal is crossed by 2 rather indefinite narrow
streaks ; the pectoral is white at its base and bears 3 or 4 narrow curved
transverse bands of white, separating 3 or 4 similar bauds of black,
whicih with the white are more distinct in the lower half of the fin." Spec-
imens from 150 fathoms or more have markings similar but less distinct.
D. 104; A. 84; V. 6; V. 11; scales 22-03-24. Deep waters of the Gulf
Stream, Cape Cod to Key West, {sessilia, sessile; camla, tail.)

MonoU'ne srasiUcauda, Goodk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1880, 337, 3118, deep sea south of New
England; Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 472 ; .Tokdan & Gilbeut, SjnopsiM, 841,
1883; JoHUAN it Goss, Rovicw Flounders and Soles, 280, 1880; GoonE & Bean,
Oceanic Iclitbyology, 452, figs. 357 A & B, 1896; Gasman, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Hi.st.
1896, 91.

Thyris pellucidug, Goode, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 344, Gulf Stream off the coast of
. Rhode Island.

Delolhyri* pellucidxifi, Goode, I'ruc. IT. .S.Nat. Mus. 1883, 109.

tl

; "m

;i 1 l:V
■y ■; it

m

i-^f n

■\

I .'■

■ •II

Sg^^EHHESrai^raH

•wfm^

V:

lb:

2092 nullctin ^7, United States National Museum.

8004. MONOLENE ATRIMANA, Ooode & Boan.

IToacl 4^ in length of body; depth about H. D. 124; A. 100; Hcales 30-
105-32; eye 2 J in bend; maxillary 3; bi^hcst dorsal ray 2; left ventral 3^ ;
pectoral 4^ in body ; caudal 6. Body rather elongate ; snout slightly pro-
duced. Mouth oblique, the maxillary extending to a little b«'1iind front
of lower eye, teeth uniseriul, well developed on both sides; lower eye in
advance of upper; interorbital a very narrow ridjje, about 9 in eye; nos-
trilH in very sliort tubes in the same line with the interorbital ridge, the
posterior one is slightly less distunt from lower eye than the antjrior one
is from the snout; head everywhere scaly; lateral line strongly arch«>d
«>ver iinterior third of pectoral. Origin of dorsal (m blind side above front
of lower eye, longest rays in posterior fourth of fin ; highest rays of anal a
little higher than dorsal rays; pectoral on eyed side only; caudal sessile,
rounded. Ci»lor light brownish gray, right ventral pale, other fins dusky ;
pectoral and eyelids black. West Indies. The type was taken by the
lilake in 288 fathoms, off Barbados ; its length Ih 114 mm. (Goode &, Beau. )
{ater, black; man us, hand.)

Monolene alrimana, Goode &. Bean, Bull. Mns. Corap. Zool., xii, 155, IfiSO, deep waters off
Barbados ; JoitrMN & Uoss, Roviow Floundura nnd Soles, 280, 1880; (irOOUB &, Bean,
Oceanic Ichtliyolugy, 455, flg. 358, 1896.

W

!

m !

1%-.

hi:. ■

I

ill

i

II

#

i 4'

Family CCXX. SOLEIDvE.

(The Solks.)

Body oblong or elongate, usually scaly ; month very small, much twisted
toward the eyed side; the teeth in villiform bands, very small or obsolete;
eyes small, close together, with or without a bony ridge between them ;
edge of pr<'opercle aduate, concesiled by the skin and scales; gill openingH
narrow, the gill membranes adnate to the shoulder girdle above; pectoral
fins small or wanting; ventral fins small, 1 or both sometimes wanting.
Small fishes living on sandy bottoms, similar to the Pleuronecfidw in struc-
ture, but much degraded, the fins and teeth having lost many of their
distinctive qualities. The vertebra) are usually in increased numbers.*

* The following are the niimbors of vertehriB in several species of Soleidee:

I.— ACHIBIN^.

Acliirns fasciatna 8 + 20—28

Acliirus inscriptiis 9+ 10-' 28

II.— SOLEINJE.

Synaptnra zebra [8 + 41— 40]

Solea solea 0 + 40—40

Solea kleini 10 + 37—47

Solea aiiran t iaca [40 1

Quenselia ocollata 9 + 28—37

Microchirus luteus 8 + 29—37

Monochirus hispidus 9 f 25= 34

III.— CYNOGLOSSINiE.

Sympburus atricandns 10 + 42— 52

Sympburiis nigrescens 9 + 40— 40

Syniphurus plagiusa 9 + 38—47

■A i

Jordan and Evcrmaiin . — Fishes of North America. 2093

Thoy ar« niiiuorous in the warm hcjih, and tlinHt> of Hiinirient Bi/«) are valiK-il
as food. (<enera altoiit 12; speoieH 150. The North AiiuTiran Hpt^cieH
belong to 2 snbfaniilieH very ditt'«'r«>nt one from the other. The soles are
naturally divisible into 3 subfamilies, Oiich (juite distinct from the others,
and poNslbly indejiendently doscouded or d«>graded from normal I'leiiron-
eclid(v. The Achirinw, or American soles, are apparently allied to the J'uvt-
ttHW, and us in the latt»'r, the ventral (in of the eyed side exteni^s along tho
ridge of the abtlomou. Tlut Solihut; or European soles, show in the inser-
tion of ventral and in other respects a strong resemblance to the Plviiro-
nectinw. The more aberrant Cynofflosainw, or t«mgue Hshes, are perhaps
degraded Soleituv, but the eyes are sinistral, as in the rmttiiur. In the
Soleiniv and Achirinw the eyes are dextrul, as in the I'leuronectinw.

ACHIRIN^::

I. SoloH with the oyoa on thu rijjht sido liiid separated by a diHtiiict bony ridgo ; tae ven-

tral with Ion;; base contlnoutwith the anal. Jiody oblonj; or ovate, with tlie color
on tlie riglit side ; uyes modorato or small, tlie upper oyo usually more or Ichh in
advance of the lower; mouth small, more or less twisted toward the blind side;
teeth little developed, in villilbnn bands; edge of oporclo adiiate, usually con-
cealed by the scales; gill openings more or less narrowed, the gill membranes
adnate to the shoulder girdle above ; blind sido of head usually with fringes ; pec-
toral tins small, sometimes wanting ; ventral tins developed, one or both of them
sometimes obsolete; scales usually ctenoid, rarely wanting; lateral line straight,
usually single; right ventral with extended base, continent with the anal tin.
a. Gill openings of moderate extent, continent below ; vortical tins well separated ;
body ovate in outline, the depth nearly ^ the length; pectoral tins rudi-
mentary or wanting; lateral line straight; scales well developed, ctenoid,
those on the head more or less enlarged, those of the blind side of the head
with fringes; vertebrio about 28. Aciurus, 10r)4.

aa. Gill openings very small, separate, each reduced to a small slit below angle of
opercle; right ventral beginning at the chin ; pectoral fins minute or want-
ing; lateral line straight; snout dilated, the dorsal beginning upon it.
b. Scales present, ctenoi«l ; caudal somewhat coutluent with dorsal.

c. Left ventral rudimentary, with 2 rays. Apionichtuvs, 1055.

66. Scales none; caudal free from dorsal and anal. GYMNACiiutus, 1056.

Oynoulossina;:

II. Soles with the eyes on the left side, not separated by a bony ridge. IJody elongate,

more or less lanceolate in outline, with the color on the left side; eyes small,
very close together, with no distinct interorbital ridge between them; mouth
small, twisted toward the blipd side; teeth little developed, in villiforni bands;
gill openings naiTow, tlie gill membranes adnate to the shoulder girdle above.
Joined together and free from tlie isthmus below ; pectoral tins wanting (in the
adult); ventral tins small, that of the blind side often wanting; vertical tins
more or less eontluent; scales ctenoid^ lateral lines sometimes wanting, some-
times duplicated.
d. Ventral tin of eyed side only present, free from the anal; no jiectoral tins; no
lateral line ; head without fringes. Symi'HUUUs, 1057.

1054. ACHIRUS, Laci^pode.
(American Soles.)

Achirus, LAof,pf:DE, Hist. Nat. Polss., iv, 659, 1803 {fasciatm, etc.).
Achirus, Cuvier, R6gne Animal, Ed. 2, 11, 343, 1829 (restriction to fasciattt*, etc.).
Trinectet, Kafinksqite, Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, i, 1832 (tcabra).
Craminiehthyt, KAUf, Archiv fur Naturgsch. 1858, 94 (lineatiui; fa$eiatu») ; Achirus being
restricted to I'ardachirvs harhatus, etc.

n

m 'I

ImmWl

2694 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

I' :

il

M

Monoehirtu, Kaup, Archiv fnr Naturgsch. 1858, 04 (maniUinnnw) ; not of RAFiNESyUK.

1814, a genus of Soleince.
? Aaeragijodeii, Kaup, Arcbiv fur Natar(!:8Cli. 1858, 103 (guttulata).
liaiottomc, Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1882, 41H (hraehiale) .
BaoBtoma, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 065, 1883 ; amended orthography.

Eyes and color on the right side. Body i>i>long, bluntly rounded iiute-
riorly. Head small; eyes suuill, close together, the upper eye in adviinct-
of the lower, the two separated by a bony ri«lge; month small, somewhat
turned toward the colored side; liasal Haps present, the nostril of tin-
blind side fringed ; lip of the colored side fringed ; teeth very small, on blind
side only; gill openings rather narrow, but confluent below, not reduce'
to a slit; the branchiostegal region scaled. Head closely scaled ever,\
where, the scales on the colored side siuiilar to those on the body, those of
the nape and chin much enlarged ; scales on the blind tido anteriorly witli
their pectinations more or less produced, forming cirri; scales of both
sides extremely rough, extending on the lins. Lateral line straight, sim-
ple; edge of preoperele covered by the scales. Dorsal beginning on tlic
snout, low in front and thickly scaled, its rays divided; anal fin similar,
without spine ; caudal fin free, convex ; c.iudal peduncle very short and
deep; pectoral iin of left side wanting, that of right side small or obso-
lete; ventral rays 3 or 4, the ventral fin of the colored Bide long, connected
with the anal by a membrane. This strongly marked genus contains
numerous species, all very closely related, and nearly all American. It hiiH
been united by Dr. Giinther with Solca, but for no good reason, as the
number of vertebra' is very much fewer than in the European soles, and
the right ventral fin is decurrent along the abdomen and united with the
anal in the American soles, while it is short and wholly free in all the
European forms. The 2 groups belong in fact to distinct subfamilies, it
is a!s',; worth noticing that the name Achiriis is ijrior in date to. that of
Solta. The species with rudimentary pectoral fins have been set apart by
Dr. Beau to form the genus Baiostcmo. but the very slight development oC
these organs in some of the species and the evidently very close relation-
ship of them all lead us to regard liaiostoma as a subgeuuB only. If we
follow Kaup in restricting the name Achirus to the Asiatic group called
Vardachirtis, the present genus would receive the name of Trinectca. It
seems to us, however, that both Lacepe«le and Cuvier regarded the species
(•ailed by uBfasAatua as the type of their genus Achirua. {dxEifJ, without
hands; without peot;)ral lins.)

BAIOSTOMA Ootd?, fniull; arofia, riouth) :
a. Pectoral flns tuiall, present at least on the right side.

b. Pectoral fln present on botli sides, that of tlie left side rudimentary, of a single

ray; that of tlie eyed side witli ;vboul 3 rays.

I). DorHal rays 60 to 67; anal rays about 48; scales 80; deptli 1{ in length.

Color brownish, irregularly spotted with darker, and with about 10

black vertieal Mnes crossing the lateral line. achirus, 3065.

cc. Dorsal rays 5'J to 57; scales 75 to 80; depth Ij in length; scales not very

rough, those of <;olored side with scattered, hair-Uke appendages.

some black, others )>ale. Color olivaceous; head, body, dorsal, and

anal flns covered with a net' ork of dark lines; traces of about X

dark cross streaks soruetiiMi-s prf'.sent. inbcbiptU!^, 3060.

Jordan, and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2695

bb. Pectoral of right side only prenent.

d. Dor»>al riiya 65 or 60; anal rays 48 to 51.

e. Pectoral well developed, with about 6 rays ; scales of eye<l side with-
out hair-like iilaments; Hcales of lateral Hue 77 to 80; chin little
promiueut. klunzinoebi, 3067.

dA. Dornal raya SO to 58; anal rays 38 to 48.

/. Pectoral fin of 4 to 6 ray 8, considerably longer than eye; body with
8 to 10 narrow, vortical dark bmrs, these soraetimes obsolete with
age.
g. Vertical tins all with round, dark spott*, these tisuully especially
distinct on the caudal tin ; some of the scales of eyed side
with black, hair-like appendages; pectoral tin with 5 or 6
rays, about 3 in head, its length equal to that from outer
edge of] eye to outer edge of another. Head SJ; depth IJ.
Body with 8 narrow, vortical uross stnniks. lineatits, 3008.
(/(/. Vevtical fins tlark, without distinct ma-kings. Body Itroad,
ovate, the de])tli about 1 J in length ; pectoral fln with 4 rays ;
3cales of right side with numerous black, hair-like ap-
pendages. D. 56; A. 42; scales 70. mazatlanus, 3069.
fj. Pe«'toral fins of 1 to 3 rays, about as long as eye.

/i. Body witli 0 narrow, dark bauds, these sometimi^s obsolete.

Body rather narrowly ovato, its depth \\ in length. I).

58 ; A. 44 ; scales 85. fonsecensis, 3070.

Body with about 10 black cross lines; depth \\ in length. I>.

61; A. 44; scales 60; pectoral of a single ray.

FISCIIERI,3U71.

Body with very numerous (20 to 40) black cross bands, wliich
are as broml as the interspaces.

}. Blind side of snout with few fringes. Depth IJ in

length. D. 55; A. 48; scales 80. Body covered by

many blackish, wavy bands; caudal with black

spots. SCUTUM, 3072.

ACHIBUS :

aa. Pectoral fins wholly wanting.

k. Dorsal rays 46; anal rays 33; right lower lip with serrattid fringes; nostril in

a fringed tube; depth IJ in length; head 3. Color brown, head ami liody

with numerous large, rounded or kidney-shaped white spots, edged witli

dark brown ; scales 70. KIMBRIATUS, 3073.

A'Jt. Dorsal rays 50 to 55 ; anal rays 37 to 46; right lower lip fringed; left nostril

with some fringer. ; depth \\ in length; head 4; none of tlie scales of eyed

side with hair-like appendages. Coh>r dusky olive, more or less mottled

with about 8 dark vertical stripes, these varying very much in width and

number; caudal spotted. fasciatus, 3074.

Dorsal rays 59 or 60; anal rays 41 to 45; snout and chin without evident

fringe or barbel; right lower lip fringed; head 4 in length; depth IJ;

scales 64. Body with 12 black cross bands with narrower ones between;

caudal spotted. panamensis, 3075.

Subgenus BAIOSTOMA, Bean.

hh.

hhh.

kkk.

■Bi-

■it.

1^:

:W

ir

'■-, i ivV

■ ■ ■• h-

I.

, : I;.

80A5. ACHIKIJS .U^HIRUS (Linniuus).

D. 60 to 67; A. 48; P. right 3, left 1; .scales 80. Pectorals rndiincntary
on both sides; right ventral fin «'oiupo8cd of 5 rays, which tire continnons
with the iinal. Scales on the nape and on «;hin twice as largo hl jhose on
body; snout with a fow fringes on blind side; right lower lip fringed.
Height of body IJ in total length (without caudal); width «)f iiiterorbital
■ >Hoe nearly eciTuil to, or rather more than diameter of eye ; upp«'r eye

^^mmi^^ymww:

•■^s^j^w.^

2G9C Bidlctin //, United States National Museum.

slijjhtly ill .•idvanco of lower; longest dornal rays are in posterior lifth of
the till, \ of length of head; caudal rounded, rather longer than head.
]ir«)wni8h, irregularly spotted with dark«a-, and with about 10 black verti-
cal lines crossing the lateral line. Coasts «>f Surinam. (Gifnther.) Not
seen by us.

We know this spe<nes only from Dr. Giinthers description, I'leuronectts
uvhiriis, LinuaMis, is based on a description by Gronow of Home Jchiruii
from Surinam. Grcmow's lish agrees with the present Hpeci«'S in having
()0 dorsal rays and 48 anal rays, in being brown, with transverHc 1)lack
bands, with dark spots on th(^ fins, as well as in coming from Surinam,
lint (Jronow explicitly denies the presence «)f pectorals, and the present
species has rudimentary pectoral fins on l»oth sides. Probably tliese were
ov»>rlooked by Gronow, and as no other 8j)ecies found in the same region
has so large a number of rays, we feel justified in the use of the name
Aohirua aohintH for this species, (a-, without; ^e/p, hand.)

Pleuroneetet oculis dextrU, curpore glabra, pinnis pectoralibtiis nullis, (Ikonow, Ikliisuuni,

I, No. 42, Surinam.
Vhuronecte* acldrus, Linn^:U8, Syat. Nat., Ed. x, 268, 1758, Surinam; based on Gkonow.
Solea gronovii, GCnthkk, Cat., iv, 472, 1862, Surinam.
Achirvt 'jronooii, Jordan, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mmh. 1886, 602.
Achirus achirut, Jordan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, ;tll, 1889.

■ fi

.( 1

I'll '

804(R. AOIIIItUS INSCIUPTLS, Gosae.

Head 'i'i in body; depth IJ. D. 53 to 57; A. 40; scales 75 to 80; inter-
orbital width b'ss than eye; upper eye in advanct^ of lower. Pectoral (in
present on each side, that of the left side rudimentary, of a singltt ray;
that of the eyed side with about 3; left ventral with 1 or 2 small rays,
in some si)ecimen8 ciiitirely absent; right ventral joined to anal. Scales
smaller and less rough than usual in this genus, those of nape scarcely
enlarged on eyed side, those of blind side much fringed; scales of colored
side with scattered hair-like appendages, sonu^ black, othiTS pale. Color
olivaceous; head, body, dorsal, an<l anal tins covered with a network of
dark lines; traces of about 8 dark <'ro88 streaks sometimes present; caudal
tin yelh)wi8h, nearly plain, or with a few dark dots or reticnlntiims, its
base dusky. Vtrtebra- 8 + 20::= 28. West Indies north to Key West.
Known to us from numerous specimens taken by Dr. Jordan at Key West,
and from specimens from llayti, in the museum at Cambridge. These
specimens belong undoubtedly to the species called retieiilatiiH by Poey,
and this is apjuirently n(»t different from the inacriptiia of Gosse, as the
agrecnu'nt with the latter is even closer than with the former description.
{in8iTiptii8, writt«'n on.)

Xchinit interiptut, GosSK, Nat. Sojourn Jamaica, 52, pi. 1, tig. 4, 1851, Jamaica; Jordan,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 1411 ; Jordan &. (^lOSS, Keview Flounders itnd Soles, 31 1, 1889.

Monochiv retxculatut, I'oEV, Meiuorias, n, 317, 1861, Cuba; Poey, Synopsia, 409; Poky,
Enumeratio, 139.

Sulea reticulata, ( JCnther, Cat., iv, 472, 1862.

Solea interipta, GCntiieh, Cat., iv, 473. 1862.

Uaeonloma reticulatum, Bean & Dbesel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu». 1884, 1,52.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2697

3007. AiHIIU;S KLUNKINdlKRI <Stuindnc1iner).

Head 3J in body; depth \\. D. 65; A. 51; scales 37-80-42; eyo S-i in
head; height of dorsal and anal 1^; caudul 1. Body moderately hroa«l ;
eyes in the same vertical line ; interorbital mb wide as length of eye ; angle
of mouth reaching a little past front of lower eye ; right under lip fringed ;
scales near upper profile of head enlarged, all scales strongly ctenoid ;
scales of eyed side without hair-liko filaments. Pectoral of right side
only present, with about 6 rays; caudal round behind. Color brownisli,
with 9 or 10 narrow blackish cross lines; small rounded blackish spots on
the membranes of each of the vertical iins, much as in A. Unrnlua. (Stein-
dachn(!r.) Pacific coast of tropical America; Panama to Guayaquil.
(Named for Dr. C. B. Klunzinger, Professor of Zoology at Stuttgart,
author of Memoirs on the Fishes of the Red Sea. )

Solea klunzingeri, Steindachnkh, Ziir Fiache ties Cauci unci <l('r Kliiaso bid Guayaquil,

44, 1879, Guayaquil.
Achirm klunzingeri, Jordan, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mua. 1885, 391; .Toudan &. Goss, lioview

Flounders aud Solos, 312, 1889.

i.

ir ■ i ?-

8008. ACIIIBU8 LINKATUH (Liiinams).

I- ■:

HcadSI; depth about 1|. D. 49 to 58; A. 38 to 44; scales 75 to 85. Pec-
toral fin of right side only developed, of 4 to 6 rays, considerably longer
than eye. Body with 8 to 10 narrow vertical dark bars, these s.>metimes
«»b8olete with age ; vertical fins all with rountl dark spots, these usually
especially distinct ou the caudal fin; some of the scales of eyed side with
black, hair-like appendages; pectoral fin with 5 or (5 rays, about 3 in head,
its length equal to that from outer edge of one eyo to outer edge of another.
Color brown, the young spotted with whitish, the adult sometimes with
darker; body with about 8 narrow rtical cross streaks of blackish.
West Indies and Brazil, Florida Kr ^^uay; common and variable.

We have placed the Florida species, comifer nml brachialiH, in the ayn-
ouymy of lineatus. They differ from the latter only ':» the slightly smalh^r
numbei- of the scales and fin rays. The following table sho'" } our count
of a number of specimens from ditlerect localities:

Locality.

Species.

Key West

I'eusacola

Cient'ueKOH

It io Janeiro

Do ...

Kio Graiulo du Sul

Coary

Mauucapuru

comifcr I 50

bracliiiilis.. .:..

lineal lis

iiiaciilipinniB...
niaciilipinnis. ..
iiinculiiiiiiiiis..,
inaculipinniH. . .
inaciilipiiiiiis I 55

1>. ' A.

50

35

51

37

54

43

57

42

54

44

49

38

53

40

55

1

42

Scales.

55 to 67
75 to 77
85
85
72
70
08
75

It is evident from this table that neither the fin rays nor the scales form
characters by which the subspecies ciin bo absolutely distinguished. It
is evident also, from the examination of largo series of specimens, that the
3030 92

'FfS^F^*?'^??'^'^"*'?^^

!*'aili1

2698 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum.

\ - \ i

t| I

lii S ':i' ^ ' '

%\ .^

1 : ' .

coloration is subject to very groat variations — as groat as in Aehirusfusci-
atim. In some of these the caudal is dark and immaculato, in others pale
and usually profusely spotted. In some the ground color is nearly plain
blackish, in others it is pale, usually 'vvitli narrow dark cross bands, but
sometinioH closely spotted everywhere. The specimens examined by us
are from Pens.acola and Egmont Key {hrachialis), Key West (comifer),
Cienfuegos (Cul>a, Poey), Coary, Teffy, Tapajos, Porto Alegre, Pernam-
buco, Cannarivieras, Manacapuru, Porto do Moz, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio
Janeiro, San Matheo, Rosario, Itabapuana, Obidos, Xingu, Gurupa,
Jutaby, Cura\!ao, Para, Bahia, Santareni, Ifa, Fonteboa, San Paolo, Rio
Trorapetas, Sambaia, Manes, Javary, and Tabatinga. The species would
appear to be one of the commonest in Brazil. {Uneatua, striped.)

a. Var. lineatus.

Paster lineis transvertis notatus, Sloane, Jamaica, 2, 77, pi. 246, fig. 2, 1725, Jamaica.
rieuroneetes/uicut mibrotundus glaber, Browne, Jamaica', 445, 1756, Jamaica.
rieuronectet lineatus, Linnaeus, Sj'st. Nat., Ed. x, 268, 1758, Jamaica; based on Bkowmu oiid

Sloane ; not of Ed. xn, which is Achirtttfaaeiatut.
Monochir macuUpinnis, Aoassiz, Spix, Pise. Brasil., 88, pi. 49, 1829, Brazil ; Poey, Synopsis,

409, 1868.
Mo7iochir lineatvs, QcoY & Gaimard, Voy. Uranio, Zool., 238, 1824.
Aehirvs lineattis, D"()rbigny, Voyage Ani6r. M6rid., Poiss., pi. 16, flg. 2, 1847; Jordan &

Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 312, 1889.
Solea maevlipinnis, OilNTHER, Cat., iv, 473, 1862 ; Kneb, Novara Fische, ui, 289, 1866.
Achirut macuUpinnis, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602.

b. Var. braehialis.

Baioitoma braehialis. Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 413, Appalachicola Bay and South

Florida. (Types, Nos. 26605 and 30463. Coll. Silas Stearns.)
Bceostoma braehiale, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 965, 1883.
Aehirus brarhialis, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 149.

c. Var. comifer.

Achirus comifer, Jordan &, Gu^bert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 31, Key West. (Coll.
Br. Jordan. )

3(»69. ACiilRVS HAZATliANCS (Steindachner).
(Mexican Sole; Lencjuado dk Itio; Teipalcate.)

Head 3i^ in body ; depth I4. D. 56; A. 42; scales 70; eye 7i in head; dor-
sal and anal rays 3^ in depth of b«)dy; caudal 3. Body l»road, oval; eyes
small, the upper in advance of tlu) lower; iuterorbital about J the diame-
ter of eye; nostril in a tube, placed just above middle of mouth; i)ectoral
developed on eyed side only, with about 4 rays ; origin of dorsal on tip of
snout; greatest he'ight of dorsal and anal behind their middle; scales of
right side with numerous black hair-like appendages. Color brownish,
with 8 or 9 narrow vertical black bars; fins dark, without distinct mark-
ings. West coast of Mexico, entering all streams; common and variabh*.
Many specimens from Mazatlan and Rio Presidio examined by us, as also
a 8p»!cimen from Chiapas. (Name from Mazatlan,* the river of the deer.)

* "With eternal sun above thee,

'T is not strange the tall deer loved thee,
That he gave his luiiiie, Ma/.atl,
To thy river, Mazatlan ! "

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2699

Solea tnazatlana, Steindachner, Ichth. !Noti/.en, ix, 23, 1869, Mazatlan ; Jordan & Gii--

BERT, Bull. tr. S. Fish Conim. 1882, 108.
Soka i>i(osa, Peters, Berliner Monatsbor. 1869, 709, Mazatlan.
Achirus mazatlanutfJonvAH, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 1885, 391; Jordan &. Goss, Rnvlew

Flouudera and Soleu, 313, 1889 ; Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 505.

8070. AC'HIRUS F0\SECKNSI8 ((Jiinther).

HeiulSJ; »lopth Ig. D. 58; A. 44; P. 2; Hcules about 85. No trji»«> of a
pectoral ou the left side, that on the right not much longer than the eye;
right ventral fin composed of 5 rays, which are continuouH with the
anal. Scales on the nape twice or thrice as large as those on the body.
Tlie upper part of the snout slightly overlaps the lower jaw. The left
anterior part of the head with numerous tentacles; the right lowt^r lip
with very distinct slender fringes ; nostril on the right side in a wide and
short tube. The width of the interorbital space is less than the diameter
of the eye; the upper eye is in advance of the lower. The rays of the
vertical fins are branched; the longest dorsal rays are j of the length of
the head. Caudal rounded, Jis long as the head. Brownish olive, with 6
pairs of deep brown vertical lines extending ou the dorsal and anal fins.
Pacific Coast of Tropical America. (Giinther.) Described from 1 speci-
men ii inches long, from Gulf of Fonseca; 2 others since taken by us in
Rio Presidio, near Mazatlan. (Name from Fonseca, the tyi)e locality.)

Solea fonsecenais, GUnther, Cat., iv, 475, 1862, Gulf of Fonseca. (Coll. Sir John Kichard-

Hon.)
Achirus /onteeensin, Jordan &, Goss, Keview Flounders and Soles, 314,1889; Jordan,

Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 505.

8071. At'HIBUS FISL'IIEKI (StciudaohntM).

(Peok Oja.)

Head 3^ in body; depth 1" ; caudal 3^. D.61; A. 44; P. right. 1; V.5;
scales 60 to 62. Pectoral wanting on left side, rudimentary ou right, of a
single ray scarcely longer than eye ; right ventral connet^ted with the anal.
Scales on neck an«l lower portion of head li to 2 times as large as those on
body; right side of lower lip fringed; upper jaw not projecjting forward
over lower jaw; left side of head with dermal flaps only around corner
of mouth and on lower jaw. Eyes small, the upper a little further for-
ward than the other, and 2 in snout; breadth of forehead equaling diame-
ter of eye. Dorsal rays increasing gradually in length to the forty-eighth,
which is about | length of head. Scales strongly ctenoid, the teeth con-
siderably largt^st at the middle; rays of all the fins, except of pectorals,
scaled to their tips, the membranes less fully scaled ; only the antcsrior
third of the caudal membranes scaled, and between the last dorsal and
anal rays the scales extend slightly upon the tins. A few black thread-
like appendages on right side of body between scales. Color of right
side dark gray ; 2 or 3 blackish cross lines on head, about 10 on body,
between them numberless spots of similar color; spots on fins, especially
those on caudal, a little larger; a few large dark spots on body, irregular

; I

Wm^

,r !

( •

2700 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

iind poorly defined; Mind side reddish yellow. Total len^h about 10 cm.
Kio Miimone, near Panama; known to us only from SteindacLner's de-
scription and figure. (Steindai- liner.) Not seen by us. (Named for W.
Fischer.)

Solea figeheri, SteindACHnek, Unitriigc Konntniss MuBS-Fische Sudamer., i, 13, 1879, Rio

Mamone, near Panama.
Achiri* fincheri, Jobdan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1887, 391.

3072. ACHIIIUS St'UTlIM (Uiinther).

Head 3| ; depth IJ. D. 55 ; A. 48 ; P. 3 ; Hcales 80. No trace of a pectoral
oil leftside; right pectoral <inite rudimentary, scarcely longer than the
eye; right ventral comi>osed of 5 rays, which are ctmtinuouH with anal.
Scales on nape nearly twice as large as those on the body; snout with
scarcely any fringes on the blind side, right lower lip fringed. Width of
iutcrorbital space less than horizontal diameter of orbit; upper eye
slightly in advance of lower. Longest dorsal rays in jjosterior third of
fin, t h'Ugth of head; caudal rounded, longer than head. Grayish; head,
body, and fins with numerous blackish, irregular, waving, sometimes
bifurcate, transverse bands, which are broader than the interspaces; cau-
dal with rounded deep black spots; the left side uniform white. Pacific
coast of Central America. (Giinther.) Not seen by us. (»c«tH»t, a shield.)

Holi-a neutum, GCntukk, Cat., iv, 474, 1862, Gulf of Fonseca, Panama.
Achiru* scutum, Jobuan &. Goss, lleview Flounders and SoleH, 314, 1889.

Subgenus ACHIRUS.
8073. ACHIRUS FIIHBKIATIJS (Giiutlior).

Head 3; depth 1|. D. 46; A. 33; scales 70. P«^ctorals none; right ven-
tral of 5 rays, which are continuous with the anal. Scales on nape 4
times, those on the chin twicti, as large as on the body. Upper part of the
snout slightly bent downward over the mandible and forming a short
hook; right lower lip broadly fringed, each fringe being serrated; nostril
in a short, wide, fringed tube. No tentacles on leftside of head. Width
<ff interorbital space equaling diameter of circular small orbit; upper
eye slightly in advance of lower. Lcmgest dorsal rays 3 of length of
head; rays «)f vertical fins branched; caudal rounded, its length being i
of the total. Brown; head and body with numerous large, rounded, or
kidney-shaped white spots, edg«id with dark brown. Gulf of Fonseca,
Central Anu'rica. (Giinther.) Known from 1 specimen, 3^ inches long.
(fimbriaiU8, fringed.)

Solm finihriata, GCntheh, Cat,, iv, 477, 1862, Gulf of Fonseca. (Coll. Sir John KicliurdHon.)
Aehirm Jimhriatut, Jordan & Goss, Keview Floundera and Soles, 315, 1889.

8074. ACHIRUS FASCIATU8, La«;6pt\de.

(American Solk; Hon Choker.)

Head 4 in body ; depth \},. D. 50 to 55; A. 37 to 40; scales 66 to 75; eye
7 in head; height of dorsal and anal nearly 2; cau«lal 1^;. Body broad,
regularly ellii)tieal; mouth moderate, reaching just past front of lower

Jordan and Evcrmann, — Fishes of North America. 2701

ey«; right lower lip fringed; eyes v<uy Biiiall, theujipor ono. iuadvanco of
tho lower; nostril oniling in w wide tube, noarcr lower «\v« than tip of
Hiiont; interorbit.'il space with scales, more than i eye; head and body
scaie<l with strongly ctenoid scales, none of them with hair-like append-
ages; lateral line nearly straight; gill opening short, about twic^e as long
as maxillary. Origin of dorsal on tip of snout ; last few rays of dorsal
and anal r.ipidly decreasing, giving the fins a truncate appearanct* poste-
riorly; pectorals wholly wanting; caudal rounded. Color dusky olive,
more or less mottled, and with about 8 dark, vertical stripes, these vary-
ing very much iy width .and in numlter; vertical fins with the membrane
of every s«'cond or third pair of rays blackish, besides dark cloudings afc
base of iin; caudal with numerous longitudinally oblong spots; blind aide
often with round, dark spots, especially in northern specimens, usually
immaculate in southern ones (var. hrowni). Vertebra' 8 + -0=28. Stmth
Atlantic and (lulf coast, from Cape Ann to lirazos Santiago, ascending
sandy streams in shallow water. The species is the best known of the
American soles, iind it is common along our coast, ascending the rivers for
a (considerable distance above tide water. It seldom exceeds 5 or 6 inches
in length, and is of but little value as food on account t)f its small size.
Here described from a specimen, 4 inches long, from Beaufort, North Caro-
lina. This species has not yet been recorded from the West Indies. The form
found ahmg the Gulf coast has been described as a distinct species under
the name Solea hrowni. The differences are not very evident. We have
compared a nunjber of specimens from Bost(m (ftisoiatnn) with others from
I'ensaeola, and find the f<dlowing differences, none (»f Avhicli is constant:
In the Gulf variety (hrowni) the blind side is always immaculate, while in
almost all Atlantic examples (faseiatun) the blind side is ])rofusely cov-
ered with round, dark spots. In 1 specimen, however (113(50, Boston), tho
1)lind side is iumiaculate. Tho darker cross streaks on the eyed side are
usually broader .and more numerous in southern specimens, and the scales
on the blind side of the ho.ad rougher. There are no constant differences
either in the fin rays or in the scales. We have examined specimens of
this species from Boston, Chestertown, Tarrytown, New York, Port Mon-
mouth, Mavre de Grace, Potomac River, Neuse River, Beaufort, Charles-
ton, Pensacola, Mobile, and Galveston. In 1 large specimen from Pensa-
cola (11482, M. C. Z.) there is a rudiment of a pectoral fin on the eyed side.
It consists of a single ray f as long as the eye. (faaciatus, banded.)

I'leuronecles Uneatui, Linn^eds, Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, 458, 1766, on a specimen from Cliarlon-
ton, received from Dr. Garden ; not Pleuronecten lineatus of E<1. x.

Aehifut fasciatns, Laci'.pkde, Hist. Nat., Poiss., iv, 659, 662, 1803, Charleston; nxcl. syn.,
description based entirely on tlio Linniean account of tho flsh sent by (rarden;
Jordan &. Goss, Keview Flounders and Soles, 315, 1889.

I'leuronecles mollU, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. T., i, 1815, ;t88, jil. 2, (ij;. 4, New
York.

rifuront'ctes apoda, MiTcniLl,, Amor. Monthly Mag, and Grit. Kov., Feb., 1818, 244, Straits
of Bahama; perhaps A. lineatut.

Trinecfes seabra, llAFiNEsyUE, Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, I, 1832, Penn-
sylvania, in fresh water.

Solea hroiimi, GCnther, Cat.,iv, 477, 1862, New Orleans; Texas.

I'll-'' -

■fr-l -■

U ■;

'•-■■'. ■ 1

\- 1

■ .... >\

1 ■'

\ ;.:■

» i.

'Wr^'fW^^^^^^^Sm^s^'k':-

•lA'-iluWRi-

m

2702 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

m

Aehiru* lineatuii, Cuvikr, Rjigno Animal, Ed. 2, ii, 343, 1820; Gill, Cat. Fislies East Coast
N. Am., iu Rept. U. S. Fish Comm., 1871-72,704; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat
Mns. 1878, 368; Goode, I.e., 1870, 110; GooDK & Bean, I.e., 1870, 123; Bean, I.e., 1880,
77; Jordan & GiLitEUT, 1. c , 1882,618; Bean, I.e., 1883, 365.

Orammichthy* lincatuH, Kaup, Archiv fur Naturgosch. 1858, 101.

Aeliirus mollis, Storer, Synopsis, 228, 1840; Storbr, Hist. Fish. Mass., 206, pi. 32, 1867;
De Kay, New York Fauna : Fishes, 303, pi. 40, flg. 159, 1842.

Aehinin achirus mollis, Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 137, 1885.

Solea achirus, GUnthbr, Cat., iv, 470, 1862; not Pletironectes aehirus L.

Achirtu achirus, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 19 ; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 137, 1885.

Achirvs lineaUis, var. hrowni, Jordan & Gilbert, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 305.

*

8076. ACHIRUS PANAXENKIS (Steindachner).

Head 4 in body; depth If. D. 59; A. 45; scales 63 to 65; highest dorsal
and anal spines 2 in head ; candal 1. hody hroad, elliptical ; angle of
mouth below middle of lower eye ; edge of lower lip, on the eyed side,
fringed; eyes small, the upper in advance of the lower; interorbital
scaled, scarcely as wide as diameter of eye; scales ctenoid; pectorals
wholly wanting ; origin of dorsal on end of snout ; highest rays of anal
and dorsal behind their middle; ventral rays short; middle rays of candal
the longest, fin sharply rounded behind. Color brown; about 12 dark
cross bands on head and body ; between these faint, paler cross bands,
which form spots on dorsal and anal ; candal similarly spotted, the spots
forming obscure cross bunds. (Stoindachner.) Pacific coast of tropical
America, Panama.

HoUapanamensis, Steindaoiineb, Iclithyol. Beitriige, V, 10, taf. ii, 1870, Panama.
Aehirus panamensni,^onrtAti &• (Joss, Rcviow Flounders and Soles, 316, 1889.

1055. APIONICHTHYS, Kaup.

v i

III

Ii! i

m\

lit!

Ii:

Apionichthys, Kaup, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1858, 104 (dumerili).
Soleotalpa, GrNTHSR, Cat., iv, 480, 1802 (unicolor).

Gill openings very small, separate, each rednced to a slight slit below
angle of operclc ; right ventral beginning at the chin, conllnent with the
anal; pectoral fins wanting or very small; lateral line present, straight;
eyes small ; snout dilated, the dorsal beginning upon it. Hcales present,
ctenoid ; caudal fin somewhat confluent with dorsal. Left ventral rudi-
mentary, with 2 rays. "West Indies and Brazil. This genus is closely
related to Achiropsis, Steindachner, of the rivers of Urazil, but in the
latter genus the ventrals are both well developed. («-, not; itioov,{iit;

iX^^i) fish.)

S07«. APIOMCHTIITiS DMOOLOB (Giinther).

D. 76; A. 57; V. right 5, left 2; scales 92. Body very flat and thin, its
height being contained 2J times in the total length (without caudal), the
length of the head 4^ times. The upper ])art of the snout is dilated, bent
downward like an aciuiline nose, the end covering the symphysis of the
mandibles; the cleft of the mouth is curved, the lower eye being imme-
diately above its angle. The eyes are mere points, rather distant from

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America, 2703

each other. Thi) gill optming is reduced to a very small slit, the gill ineiu-
hrune being attached to the sides of the throat. The dorsal iin com-
inences ou the extremity of the snout and terrainatois at the root of the
«-audal, its raya are simple, and each is accompanied by a scries of very
small ctenoid scales; the longest rays are not quite \ as long as the head,
iind occupy the middle and the third quarter of the fin. Caudal quito free,
as long as the head, somewhat pointed. The right ventral appears as a mere
continuation of the anal; the left is reduced to 2 minute rays near the
vent. The scales on both sides are ctenoid, those on the neck and ou the
chin being twice the size of those ou the body. Color uniform brownish
gray. Coast of Surinam and Bra/.il. The above description from Giin-
ther, taken from the type of Soleotalpa unioolor. A specimen (No. 4677,
M. C. Z.), from Obydos, Brazil, examined by us, differs in coloration, being
pale brown, the body and fins profusely covered with round, dark spots
of vai'yit^.' sizes, the largest as wide as from eye to eye. Head 4J^; depth
2|. D. <c A. 56; scales 100; V. 2. Eyes reduced to points, the upper in
advance of lower, near middle of length of head ; gill ox)enings small, sub-
equal; right ventral beginning at the chin, continuous with anal; dorsal
and anal slightly connected with caudal. Steiudaohner gives D. 72; A.
53; scales 95. Color brownish, mottled with darker spots. Probably
Giinther's specimen is faded, {unicolor, one-colored.)

Apioniehthyg dumerili, Kaup, Archiv fur Naturgoscb, 1858, 104, no locality; no descrip-
tion.

Soleotalpa unieolor, GCnthkr, Cat., IV, 489, 1862, West Indies. (Coll. Scrivener.)

Apioniehthyg nebuloeut, Feters, Berliner Moniitsbericbte 1869, 7U9, Surinam.

f Apioniehthyg bleekeri, HoHST, Nedorl. Tydschr. Dierk., iv, 30, 1878, locality nnknown;
specimen in ^lus. ITtreclit. (Description not seen by us.)

Apioniehthy$ unieolor, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 603.

Apioniehthyg dumerili, Bleekkr, Nederl. Tydscbr. voor Dierkundo, ir, 1805, 305; Stein-
DACHNER, Icbtb. Beitr., vin, 48, 1878.

1056. GYMNACHIRUS, Kaup.

Oymnaehirug, Kaup, Uebersicbt der Soieinn), Archiv fur Naturgeach. 1858, 101 (nudug).

This genus differs from Achirua in the absence of scales ; the dorsal and
anal are free from the caudal. Brazil, (yvfiro?, naked; Achtrus.)

!1077. 0Y.1INACIIIBVS PASCIATUS, Giintbor.

Head 4^; depth lA. D. 68; A. .50; pectoral of right side present, very
small, of 2 rays, ^ length of eye; Jaws hidden in thick skin; lips and left
side of head covered with fringes. Gill opening not extending upward as
far as pectoral; vertical fins in thick skin. Olive, with 14 brown cross
bands as broad as the interspaces, all extending on dorsal and anal, the
first across snout, the second and third across eye; caudal Avith 3 brown
bands. (Giinther.) Locality unknown, probably Surinam or Bra/.il; a
related species (^G. nudua, Kaup; no pectoral fins. D. 51; A. 42), being
described from Bahia. {fasciatua, banded.)

Oymnaehirug faieiatiu, GUntheb, Cat., iv, 488, 1862, locality unknown ; Jokdan & Uoss.
Review Flonnders and Soles, 317, 1889.

•| ; i,; \:

i 1

1 ;',»;;

^- 1 ii

1

1 i ,i.

«»*i

li 1

2704 Bulletin if.'/, Unilcd States National Museum.

■ I

in

m I

1057. SYMPHURUS,* Rjiflncsquo.
(T0NGUE-F1SIIK8. )

Symphurut, Rafinksque, Indire (I'lttiologia Siciliana, 52, 1810 (nigreHcenu).
Hibronia, Cocco, Alciini I'vHci del mave di Messiun, 15, 1844 {Ugulata; larval form).
Plagutia, CiivrEit, UiNgne Animal, Ed. 2, 11, 344, 1829 (bnaed on Plagusia of IJuowN);

name preoccujiiiid in CrustacL-ans, Latreillo, 1806.
riagiusa, ISonaparte, Catalogo Metodicu, 51, 1840 (laelea) -, subalituto for Plagutia pro-

occupiod.
Aphoristia, Kaui', Archiv fur Katurgosch. 1858, 106 (ornata).
(iloitiehlhyn, Ciii.i,, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 51, 1861 {playiusa).
Ammopleu topg, GHnthkr, Cat., IV, 490, 1862 {lacten8=-nigre$cens).
f llaicaniiiii, SchiOdte, Nuturliist. Tydsskr., v, 269, 1867 (tcedifer; larval form).
Acedia, JuuDAN, in Joudan &. Goss, Koviow I'loiuidt^rs and SoIeH, 321, 1889 (nehuluiivii).

Body oloiigato, more or less liiuceoliite in outline, with tbe eyes and
color on the left side ; eyes siiiall, very close together, with no distinct
iiiterorbital ridge between tlieui; mouth small, twisted toward the blind
side; teeth little develoi)ed, in villiform bands; edge of preopercle cov-
ered by the scales; gill openings narrow, the gill membranes adnate to
the shoulder girdle above, joined together and free from the isthmus
below; pectoral fins wanting (in the adult); vertical fins more or b'ss
ccmiluent,; scales ctenoid ; lateral line wanting. Ventral fin of eyed .side
only present, free from the anal; head without fringes. {6vy, together;
0i')Ci5, to grow; ovpct, tail; from the united vertical fins.)

SVMPHUKU.S:
a. ScalcH nut minute, ctouoid, 65 to 105 in unmbor; dorsal rays 86 to 100; anal rays 70
to 87.
h. Scales ratber large, about * lend 4^ ; depth 4^; color, clouded brown.

PIOEH, 3078.
hh. Scales small, moderately ctenoid, 75 to 105 in a longitudinal series.

c. Dorsal and anal pale anteriorly, becoming njore or less alirnptly blaclc
posteriorlj'.
d. Caudal fin aliruptly pale, at least at tip.

c. l?ody elongate, depth 4i in length ; head 5J. V>. 96 to 100 ; A. 86 or
87; scales 88 to 90. Color, grayish, sptickled Avitli brown; dor-
sal and anal fins black on last tenth, the caudal abruptly pale ;
tips of fln rays vermilion. makoinatus, 3079.

ee. IJody deeper, the depth 3^ to 3J in length.

/. Color, light brown, irregularly barred and marbled with
darker; dorsal and anal with 3 to 6 inky blotches poste-
riorly. D. 92 to 95; A. 75 to 78. atramentatus, 3080.

* We follow Jordan & Goss iu using the name Symphurut instead of Aphoristia, as the
so-called Ammopleumpi laeteus is a genuine nieml>er of the latter genus, and as it acems
to be evident that tbe latter R)iuciea is the original of Symplnirua niijreneena of Kaiin-
esquo. The following is Ratines(|iie's description: ''III. Gen. Symphiinit. Ala caudaln
acuta, e riuuita all' ale dorsali, ed aiiali, occhj alia sinistra. Osserv. Si dovrauno raggu-
agliare in ijuesto genere duo specie del genere Achirus di Lacopede, cioe gli A. hilineatut,
■ i A.orno,tus. 8p.no. 44. Symphurui nigrescent. Kerastro senza fascie, allungato, una
sola linea laterale da ogui lato.

This single lateral line assumed to distinguish Ammopleuropt from Aphoristia is not a
real lateral line, but a depression along tlie median line ])roduced by the junction of the
muscles. The species ot Symphtirus are soniewhat numerous and very closely allied.
With the exception of the £uro])ean Symphurut nigrescens, all of them are American.
The development of the sjHHSies is imperfectly known. According to Giglioli, the larva)
called Hibronia, may belong to this genus, and so possibly may Charybdia. The name
I'lagusia belongspnJperly to the present genus rather than to the type of Plagusia bilineata,
to which it has been restricted by Kaup and (Jiinther. It is, however, preowupied in
crustaceans, and in any ca^o, both Plagusia and the substitute name Plagiusa are ante-
dated by the name Symphurus.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2705

ff. Color, liglit olive, with iiniiinronH rnniullsh brownish blnrk
Hpota much larger than eyoH, tlorHiil aiitl anal black, with
narrow white margin. U. 94 ; A. 77 ; Hcales 95.

FA8CIOLAIUS, 3081.

rfd. Caiidnl fin bliuk, aa is a large jiart of dornal and anal, the blac^k
nitlmr coutiuuouH or in the form of large spota. Color brown-
iah, oftiin inottleil, UHiially with more or lusa distinct darkor
cro8H l>andH and with longitudinal streakH along the rowH of
Hcah-H, sometimes ntiarly plain brown.
g. Siiales quite aniall, 98 to 105.

7(. It(Kly decidedly elongate, the depth aiiout 4} in length. I).
i)7; A. 82; scales 98. KLONOATUrt, 3082.

hh. ISody less elongate, the depth 3} in lengtli; head 5^; lon-
gitudinal streaks very distinct. I). lOOj A. 80; scales

105. » ATRICAUDC8, :1083.

gg. Scales rather larger, 75 to 00.

»". B(Miy rather elongate, the deptli 3;! to \\ ; dorsal rays 80 to

90; anal 80 to 85; opercular Hap largo; h<Mly with 3 or

4 dark cross bands. lkei, 3084.

n. Body less elongate, the depth 3,V to SJ in lengtli; the

head 5i to 5$. 1>. 90 to 95 ; A. 75 to 80.

PLAOUSIA, 3085.

cc. Dorsal and anal pale throughout, or more or leas mottled or spotted with

darker, the caudal similarly colored, not distinctly black. Body not

very elongate, the depth 3 to 3^ in length. (Probably all varieties of

i^.lHagiuia.)

j. BcMly with dark cross bands more or less distinct ; the fins mottled or

spe(^kled; njiper eye slightlj' in advance of lower.

k. Dorsal rays 80 to !t5 ; anal rays 75 to 80 ; bead 5 in length ; depth

•> 34; scales 85 t^ 93 ; cross bands more distinct than in related

species. rr.A(iiusA,3086.

kk. Dorsal rays 78 to 85; anal rays 70 to 72; head 5 in length ; de]>th

3J ; scales 80 to 90. Color, light brown, with darker cross

bars, which become obsolete with age. I'ithillus, 3087.

jj. Body unilbrm grayisli, without cross bands; last part of dorsal and

■anal with 3 or 4 o1)l(>iig Idsick blotches, each somewhat larger than

the eye; upper eye directly above lower; head 5J in length.

Scales 85 ; D. 92 ; A. 75. dio.medeanub, 3088.

ddd. Caudal and posterior part of dorsal and anal not black, scarcely darker

than anterior pjirt ; scales 92; D.93; A. 73. williamsi, 3089.

Acedia (Spanish name of Symjihunii plagusia at Havana) :

aa. Scales very small, ctenoid, each with a median dark streak, which simulates a keel,

but is not a ridge ; snout and Jaw.s naked ; tin rays in incntiused number.

I. Head5J; depth 4g. D. 119; A. 107; scab's 120. tirayisli, every wheie mottled

with brown. NEiiULO-sry, 3090.

'"'i-

, I,

. . ,

Subgenus SYMPHURUS.
8078. SYMPHURUS PI«ER (C.oode &. Bean).

Head 4^ in total length; depth 31. D. 90; A. 69 to 75; ventral 4 ; scales
65-34 (transverse); eye 6 in liead; snout 4|; mouth oblique, curved, its
angle below middle of lower eye; teeth feeble, closely placed, a little
stronger on colored side; nostril tubular, a little nearer eye than tip of
snout ; eyes moderate in size, very close together, the upper very slightly
in advance, its distance from the dorsal outline equal to its diameter;
scales large, ctenoid, deciduous. Dorsal begining over middle of upper
eye; longest dorsal and anal rays 3 in depth of body; pectorals obsolete.

i t-

\ I;-

' trfW,r«-PT»*.'WJT' »-?'

2706 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

Color grayish and browninb, with a snbmotallic luHter upon the sciilcs
when oxaininod B*>pariit«^ly ; the d<*ntirulutioii8 of the Hcales dark and prom-
inent, giving a cloudod g(^n(iral a8po(;t; Home of the smaller specimens
witli large, irregular, brownisli blotches nbov«^, and u, dark 8uboir<>ular
blotch near tlio root of tlie tail, its diameter twice eye; colorless beloM-.
(Goode Si. Bean.) West Indies and (iuif of Mexico, in deep water; a well-
defined species. (pi{ier, sluggish.)

Aphor'stia pigra, Goodk & Bkan, Bull. Muh. Comp. Zool., xn, 6, 154, 1880, St. Kitts, in

about aso fathoms (Coll. Blake) ; CoouK &. liicAN, Ocenuio Ichtbj-ology, 4(tO, 1806.
Syinphurut piger, Jordan \. Gohh, Koview Flounders and Soles, 326, 1880.

8079. STMPIIUmiJS MAIUIINATUN (Goode & Bean).

Head Hi in total length ; depth 4i. D. 96 to 100; A. 8(> or 87; ventral 4;
scales 8K to 90 ; eye 4 j in head ; snout 4^. Body slender, lanceolate ; mouth
moderate, oblique, curved, its angle beloAV front of pupil of upper eye;
dentition feeble ; eyes moderate, close together, the upper very slightly in
advance ; nostril in a long slender tube, midway between lower eye and
tip of snout ; scales moderate, strongly and sharply denticulate, not keeled ;
origin of dorsal above posterior margin of upper eye ; anal scarcely so
high as dorsal ; median caudal rays short. Color in life, reddish gray, much
speckled with brown; belly bluish gray; bases and membranes covering
fin rays dark brown; ciudal abruptly pale; tips of dorsal and anal rays
and some of the membrane covering caudal rays vermilion. West Indies,
in deep water. Described frcnu a specimen, 102 mm. in length, collected
by the Blake at Station CLXXXI, in 321 fathoms. (Goode & Beau.) (viar-
(jinatus, edged.)

Aphoristia maryinata, Goodk & Bban, Bull. Mns. Comp. Zool., xii, Ko. 5, 153, 1886, off St.

Vincent (Coll. Slake) ; OooDB & Bean, Oceanic Ichthjology, 450, flg. 376, 1806.
Siimphtirus marginatui, JonoAN & Goss, Keview FIounderH and Soles, 323, 1880.

»080. SYMPIIURU8 ATRAMENTATUS, Jordan •& Bollman.

i \

plf..,/i'

('■il-v-

v; 'i

*l !

yi.4-i I

it'

llife.

Head 4| to 5; depth 3i to 3|. D. 92 to 95; A. 75 to 78; scales 95 to 100,
38 in a cross series. Body more elongate than in S. atricaudus. Eyes larger,
the upper in advance of lower, vertical diameter of each 3i to 4 in he.id.
Cleft of mouth somewhat more curved than in S. atricaudus, otherwise
similar. Scales larger than in S, atricauduB; spines on posterior margin
not 8i> strong. Ventral fins (measured from angle of gill opening) 2t to 3
in head. Color light brown, irregularly barred and marbled with darker ;
several irregular grayish bars most distinct on posterior parts, a distinct
narrow, dark bar behind gill opening; anterior part of dorsal and anal fin
pale, posterior dark ; anterior part with 4 to 7 dusky oblique areas, pos-
terior part with 3 to 6 roundish inky-black spots; caudal black, narrowly
tipped with white; each scale with a narrow dark edge. Length about
4^ inches. Pacific Ocean off Colombia, in water of moderate depth ; com-
mon. Related to Symplnirua atricaudua (Jordan & Gilbert), but distin-
guished by having 3 to 6 black oblong blotches on posterior part of dorsal

Jordan and Ever mann. — Fishes of North America. 2707

and anal; tho general coloration darker;
(atramentatu8, inked.)

t\w Hcales and eyes larger.

Symphunu atrarntntattia, Jordan & Bollman, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Miih. 1880, 177, off coast of
Colombia, at Albatrocs Station 1795, Lat. 7^' 57' N., Long. yS"^ 55' W., in 33 fathoms.
(Type, 41167, U. S. Nat. Mug. Coll. Albatrim.)

3081. SYMPHITRIIK FANllOLARIS, (iillM^rt.

Depth 3]^ in length; headSi. D.94; A. 77; scales 95. Eyosniull,7inhoad;
cleft of month reaching to below uiidillo of lower oye. Color light olive,
with nnuierons roundish l)rowniBh-l)laek spots much larger than eye, the
liii'gest arranged in 5 vertical dusky cross hars, the spotis being connect«Ml by
ii darker ground color; a vertical dusky streak through eye; a wide dusky
cross bar, bounded by darker lint^s on cheek-s; dorsal and anal posteriorly
lilack, with narrow white margin ; caudal Jet-black, with white edge; ven-
tral white. Gulf of California, where several specimens were dredged by
the AlhatroBH, in shallow water. (Gilbert.) (fasciolaria, with narn)w
hands.)

Symphurus/aseiolarU, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1801, 566, Gulf of California. (Coll.
Dr. Gilbert.)

8082. 8TMPHURCS KLONflATUS (GUnther).

Head 5^ in body; depth i^. D. 97; A. 82; scales 98 to 105; eye 10 or 11
in head; gape of mouth 3^ ; caudal 2A, Body extremely elongate ; mouth
strongly curved, reaching past lower eye; eyes in contact, the upper in
advance; opercle vertical behind, devided into 2 convex flaps by a con-
(^ave portion, its upper end hardly reaching axis of body ; scales not keeled,
ctenoid. Pectorals olisolete ; dorsal beginning above eye; rays of dorsal
and anal short, subequ.al, the fins confluent with the caudal, which eu<l8 in
a sharp point; ventral of blind side obsolete, that of eyed side on the body
ridge, separated from the anal. Color }>rowni8h, often mottled, usually
with more or less distinct dai'ker cross bands, and with longitudinal
streaks along the rows of scales, sometimes nearly plain brown; caudal flu
black, as is a large part of the dorsal and anal, the black either contin-
uous or in the form of large spots. Pacific coast of Central America ; not
rar«^ Here de8criV)ed from a specimen, 6 inches long, from A Ihatroaa Station
2804, in Panama Bay, in 47 fathoms. (elon(fatn8, elongate.)

Aphoristia ornata, vor. elongata, GIinthkr, Fishes Contr. Amor., 473, 1869, Panama.
Aphoristia elongata, Jordan &. Gii.nEBT, Bull. U. S. Fish. Coiinn. 1882, 111.
Symphurui elongatut,JoBVAH & Goss, Review Flouuders aud Soles, 323, 1885.

3083. STHPHURUS ATRICAUDVH (Jordan & Gilbert).

(San DiKQO Sole.)

Head5i; depth 3^. D. 100; A. 80; scales 105. Body oblong-lanceolate,
anteriorly somewhat blunt, regularly narrowed behind and ending in )i
point; the snout rather abruptly truncate ; eyes and color on the left side.
Eyes very small, nearly even behind, the upper eye the larger and extend-
ing farther forward. A. single nostril in front of interorbital space, and

■: i;

■:3 [2s.:.

■m

i

iii I

■. ^'SV^-f^'^W?',?^'''*"* »^'?'ri'*l!W^»'iWT»'?> JW .■«(i!#ft!«<''!^y!iW'R»l^.l!pi{»

2708 Bulletin ^7, United States National Mnseum.

li^ )

J

1:

apparently a aiu}j;le smaller one below it. Mouth moderate, extendiug to
oppo8lt»5 eye, somewhat turned toward eyed side ; lips Ijirgi;, not fringed, the
upper Avith asmall Idack papilla in advance of lower eye, this apparently
normal, hut it may he a detached piece of skin, hardened by the aloohol ;
upper jaw scarcely produced, not forming a hook. Teeth small, on blind
side only, the cdg«) of the jaw on eyed side forming a fjmooth ridge. Gill
openings narrow, not extending up to level of mouth. Scales very snuill,
ctenoid, pretty regulai over the body, much smaller on the head, the rows
of 8«'iile8 rendered very distinct by black dots, the stripes converging
toward the snout; scales on the 2 sides of the body similar; no lateral
line on either si'le; a))out 105 scales (100 to 110) in a longitudinal series
from the head to the tail, 45 to 50 in cross series. Dorsal fin beginning
oil head, continuous with anal around the tail ; ventral fin of colored siclc
only present, nearly on ridge of abdomen, and separated from the anal by
an interval \ bmgcv thau cleft of mouth; rays of middle parts of dorsal
and iinal fins with a fleshy border at base on blind side. Coloration
brownish olive, with vertical dark half bars, irregular in size and posi-
tion^ some of them coming down from the back and others up from the
belly, these posteriorly nearly meeting, but anteriorly alternating; streaks
of dark points along the. rows of scales, these forming very distinct longi-
tudinal streaks; posterior part of dorsal and anal broadly edged with
bla<^k; right side plain white. San Diego to Cape San Lucas, in sandy
bays; common in the bay of San Diego, in which locality the numerous
specimens before us were taken, A small specinuM, \ inches long, with
i^ht spots on the colored side and a ]ij,lc ocellation on the black of the
„ail, tuken by Mr. Lyman Bidding near Cape San Lucas, pi-obably belongK
to the same species, (^altr, black; catida, tail.)

Aphor'ttia atricauda, Jordan & Oilbeut, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1880, 23, San Diego; Jor-
dan &. GiLHERT, Syiioiisis, 842, 1883 ; Jordan & Gilrert, I'roc, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 380 ;
Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1886, U.

HymphnniM a/nVaMtia, Jordan &, Ooss, Koviow FloundorH and SoleH, 324, 1889.

80144. SYMPHIIRrS LEEI, Jordan & Bollmau.

. t

\ 1.

-ft -!

; 1

Head 4 to ^ (1^ to ^) ; d(4)th ^ to 4 (4! to 4i^). D. 95 to 100; A. 80 to
85; scales 80 to 00,35 to !W in a cross series; vcntrals 3^ to 3.i in head.
Hody more elongate than in <S. atricaudus or S. atramentatua, approaching
that of .S. chnf/atiia; outline of under part of head more obIi(|ue than in
the other P.icific coast species. Eyes larger than in the preceding
species, the upper in advance of lower, their vrtical dianietei' 5 to
.").} in head; cleft of mouth extending slightly faither back than in .S\
airicanduH or nlra mental iis, but not b«'yon«l (^ye as in S. elongatus ; maxillary
reaching posterior border of eye, 3jj to 4 in lie.ad; snout 5,^ to 5J in head.
Scales <iimpaiatively liirge, not 3o firmly embedded as in S, atricandua or
atramenlatua, those on oper«'lcs rather large. Opercular flap larger tluin
in other Pacific species. Color light brown, speckled with darker, and with
3 or 4 broa<l bliiek cross bauds, width of mediiin bunds 2k to 3 in h<'ad, the
\)OHt(;rior baud widest; caudal and the posterior ^ of the dorsal and anal

Jordan and Evemtann. — Fishes of North America. 2709

black ; no black spotH on dorsal ; BOales thickly pnnctulate, but with no
distinct darker cd;j:ings. Keltited to Synqthnriis alricaudus (Jordiin Ac (Jil-
bort), but the body with 4 wide black crosd IkuuLs, and the form more
elongate. Bay of Panama. Many 8i)eciuien8 of this Hpccies were obtained
a(, Albatross Station 2804, at a depth of 47 fathoms. It is evitlently A'ery
iliderent from S. atramentutus, and needs comparison only with S. eloiKjatiiH,
from which it seems to be, snllieiontly distinct. Length of tyi)o 4.i inches.
(Named for Prof. Leslie A. Lee and Mr. Thom.iS Lee, naturalists on board
the Albatross when the species was discovered.)

Symphurus li-ei, Joudan &. Uollman, Proc. U. S. Nut. Muh. 1889, 178, Lat. 8<^ i6' 30" N.
Long. 79" 37' 45" W. (Type, No. 41i;t4. Coll. I'rot'. L. A. Leo uiid llr. Thoiuas Le»«.)

3085. SVMlMlUiaS I'LAIJISLV (lllocli &, Siluifiaei).

(Acedia.)

Head 5i to 5s ; dejith 3,'„ to Sij in length. D. UO to $15; A. 75 to 80; scales
75 to 85. Body rather ekiij-ate. (Jolor browni.sh, often nu)ttled, usually
with more or less distinct darker cross bands, and \\ itli longitudinal
streaks along the rows of scales, sometimes nearly plain brown; caudal
'olack, including a large i)art of dorsal and anal, the black continuous as in
the form of spots. West Indies to Brazil; Cuba to Pio Jani-iro; comuioii.
The numeious specimens of this species examined by us are from Havana,
I'ernambuco, Santos, Kio .Janeiro, Curu^'a, and Victoria, {plaijusia, an old
uume, from ■:tXayiu(;, oblique. j

I'lagtuia, Buownk, J.iiiinica, 445, No. 1, 175C, Jamaica.

rieitroiuctct 2>lagitma, Bloch & Scunkiukh, Syst. Icli Ji., 16'J, 1801, Jamaica; aft in \lUu\v nk.

Achiruiiornatiis, LAcfn-iCDK, Hist. Nat. I'oisa., iv, 65!), 18011, on a siiticiiucn ' ' |»it'8iMil t'll l»,y

IIollaiHl to Fninco."
riayusia U'wllata, (^uoy &. Gaimaru, Voyanf T'ranio, Zoologio, 240, 1824, Rio Janeiro.
I'lagunia hrasUxci<siii, AdA.ssi/, Spix, rise, llrusil., 80, tab. 50, 1827, Brazil.

* The syLonymy of this HixM'ios is Moiu<^wliat donbtlul. Thi' orlBinnt tyjn' of I'li'iint-
iii'ctvs plajiium was scut to Liiiniena by l>r. (Janlfii, of ('harb'ston. li wonlil Ilii'D'I'orn
appear priibable that this sptM'iiiii'ii rei)rcs('ntP)l th< spccit's of tliis ut^iiiis w liicli is t'niiiiil
(III Hut Carolina coast. Jtiit this ty)iical H]i(HMiiicn is stili jin^servi'd in the rooms nf th<i
LinnaMin Socii^ty in London, wlutro it has been cxaniinod by (Itioiitt antl lloan. From tbuir
notes (I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mum. 1885, lOti) we<iuoto:

"Thotyitoof this spiicies may have <'oino from Africa or llj<lia. 'I'lierc is (^onsitlcrablo
(loul)t as to its ori;:in. (Sih^ (Jardon's Corri'siiondciiic with Liini6, p. 1114.) 1). ca 02, .\.
ra 80; Hfalo8 77. Tho Hjj'u'ies is nioio <'lon};a1i' thin om sporinicns of A/ilioiintia jilaijiimti,
so (tailed, llii<(lnpth being contained in the total bu^tli without caudal 4^ times and the
head « times."

As, however, no species of this jrenus are vet known from Africa or India, it is ratb'*r
probable tliat Garden's lish actuiul.v canu» I'roni t'Imrleston. 'I'lic ^'eater .Hlenderness of
tli(! original type is |ierh;ips dntt to distorti<ni. aiid the snnillcr nnmliei tlian usual of the
scales does not ntford a marked distinction. 'I'lie name Arhiriis (i/jKfrf.v is also doubtful
In its pro|)er application. The onl.y thing distinctive in thedeRcri))tion<:f Laceprdeis that
the typical specimen was ,4'ven by ]Ii>ll:ind to Krance." Many of the sjteiii's in this
Dntdi collection seem to have eoiiie from Surinam, and this is'proliablv no exception.
But Lae^tpede's description might api)I.\ as well to any other species ot Si'»ij)liurii.^ as to
'liis. Tho name I'leuiotierti's plwimid, given by Srlineider to thi^ species ((escribed by
Browne, seems to admit of no (loni)t, as this is the only one of theuroup yet known tVom
Jamaica. If, therefore, the name <S'i""/''""""*y''".''*"»" be used fnrllie northern s|)ecies. or
ilropped altogether as not iden titled, the i>reHent species will stand as Siiiniilniniit /i/o;/i(#ta.
We have compared nmuerous s])ecimeiis from Kio .laneiro (icpresonling the nominal
npenm^H tftudlatvii or hrnnilifiinis) with otln^rs (jiCKj/n.vi'd nniiita) from Havana. There is
certainly no permanent ditl'erence. The J*ra/,ilian specinu'ns are a little more slendiT on
.'III average, but there are uumeroiiH exceptions, and all variations in color are found
iu both.

if'Wa^J^i^pwn'!"'

2710 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

Aphoritlia oniatii, IvAi'r, Aniiiv (in Nat.iirgesch. 1858, 108; GCinther, Cat., iv, 490,1862;

PoEV,.S.yuoi>8is, 400, 1808; I'liKy, Kuiiiunrutlo, 140, 1875; KNEB.Novam Fische, iu,292;

D.OO; A. 70; (Itptli HJ ill Iriiuth.
\lilii>risliapla;iiuKii, .lniin vN I'liii |' H. Ni(t. MuH. 1880, fiij; Hoi S.plaghisrt of this papir.
Miimi>huni» plaiiuiila, Joiiuan & Uosh, |t6vJ6w li'luululetii nrnl SuIch, 324, 1889.

r/'i»N<ii;$; Kis/i.)

Head r>; depth .'i to UJ. I). W to {».5; A. 75 to 80; scales S.5 to i>3. Body
not very elongiite. JJody ffrayisli, Avitb dark cro.ss l.-auds iii/ae distinct
tliau in related Hpecies; dorsal and anal more or less niotiled or Hpftpjl^i]
with darker; caudal similarly colored, not distinctly )>l.iclv. South Atlan-
tic and Ci coasts of the I'nited Htatcs, from Ciijie Jfatteras to Pensacola
iind Key ^^ i-st, rephicinff S. plaj/tiHia northward, the species ns similar as
the two names; very common on the sandy shores of our Soutli Atlantic
and Tiulf States. Our numerous 8j)ccinjens are from Beaufort, f'liarles-
ton, Pensacola, and Key West. Tliose from Key W/3st nearly plain gray,
as would 1><! expected in fishes taken from the coral sands. (rfAdyiu?,
oblique.)

i'Z«Hr<i7ie(7('«i*?«(/tj/w, r,iNN.«is, Syst. Naf., Efl. xii,4ri6, i7W, (/K ii Hpcciiuoii from Dr. Oaf

lien, probably from Charleston, but tlie locality not (jiillo mihiiti. and of varJ.f;Ms

copyists.
I'liiijumafasciata, HoLimooK MS., T)k Kay, Now York Fauna: Fishes, .104, IBi'f., thUiea

ton.
<lhis«Mithjig plaijiusii, (iii.i,, Cat. Finb Ea.st Coast N. Am., ."jl, 1861.
I'htijitihi ])l(if/iiis<i.(UJA., Cat. Fi.'jli. East Coast N. Am., 794, 1873.
Aphorhlia jiUujiuta, Jokdan & Gilbert, I'roc U. S. Nat. Mas. 1878, 308 j Jobdan, I. c,

1880, '.'2; JniiDA.v <fc (iii.BERT, /. c, 1882, 305 and 018; -JonDAv & GrrjBEET, Synfipsis, 842.

1883; Jordan, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mas. 1884, 144.
Aplioiiitiafasciala.JoUDAt^. I'roc. T. S. Nat. Mil.-*, 1880, 53.
S;impliiirUijil(iiiitisa,3ouuAy & Goss, Koview Flounders and Holes, 32.'>, 1489.

3087. KYMIMII KUS PISILMJS (Goode & Ilttan).

Head.'") in total length; depth \U. ]). 78; A. 70; scales 85 to iiOH5 (trans-
verse); eye.")A inhe.id; snoutr).^ ; lengthofgapc of mouth Iji. Bodyslcnder,
laneeolatt- ; mouth small, ol)li(iue, curved, its angle under anterior m.irgin
of pupil of lower eye; dentition feeble; eyes small, close together, in the
sameAertieal Hue; tuhiilar nostril midway between lower eye and tip <»t
snout; scales small, strongly ctenoid ; jaws and snout sc.-iled. Doisijl
beginning above middle of eye, its highest rays 2} in depMi of body;
greatest height of anal 3; median c.iudal rays short; ventrals well sepa-
rate<l from aiuil. Color light brown, with 6 or 7 cross bars of slightly

"■ A sppcinien of ,S!imphuni.i, iit^arly 6 iiicbt's long, collecti'd at Hoaiifort. Nortb Carolina,
by Prof. (). P. Jenkins, st'enis rcferiiblo to Siimiihiirii.f /nurilhi. iriithvT llian to tl e typical
plaqiuga. It is biglily mottlcii iii colonitioii, tbo body and tins bciui; profusely \pjrKled
and blotclied witb bliicki.sh, Ix^Hidert 9 or 10 ratlipr iliMtini't cpohh liands. 1). 8J A. 72;
si'ales about 8(1. Depth 3^ in length. Another largo spe(;inieii, 7 inches long. roii< the
Florida Key.s, is in tho niiiseum at (;ainbri(lgt . This has: D. 82; A. 72: H<aleB7tf Iboth
3 in length. Color brown, almost plain, except that the (Ins arc mottled, uspi'cially |)osie'
riorly; caudal fin not bbick. If these two speciinens aro ri'ally typiuul of Syiliphiirus
pwriilvt, it probably can not be separated as a species from .V. iilaijiiina.

¥i

Jordan and Everniann. — Fishes of North America. 2711

darker hue; fins jtalc, with dusky Idotclies; blind side white. (Goode ».V.
Hciiu.) Gulf Stream, in <h'ep wi»ter. >'fry close to Symphurnn plaginsn.
{I)uaillu8, weak.)

Aphoiis'Ja pufilla, GoouK it Uean, Proo. IT. S.Nat.Miis. J885, 590, Gulf Stream, Lat. 40°

N., in cieep iviuer; Goode &. JJean. Oceauic. Ichthyolojjy, 461, lig. 379, 1896.
SymphuruM puiillus, Jordan, Thms. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, (i51.

»088. .SYiMlMIIIRUS DIOMKDKAM N (Goode .t IJeaii).

Head 5 J in body; deptliS^. D. 'J6 (indndinj^ .1 ofcaudal); A. 7! >; scales
S5; eye 6 in head; snout 5; t audal 10 in total length. Mouth oblique,
( nrvcd, its angle below frout of eye, teeth very feeble; nostril tubular,
nearer eye than tip of snout; eyes moderate, equal, very close together,
upper eye directly over the lower; scales moderate, somewhat deciduous,
ctenoid; jaws aiul snout with small thin scales. Origin of dorsal above
middle of upper eye, highest rays 3i times depth of body; ventrals well
separated from tlie anal. Color uuiform gray, lighter lielow, the scales
above somewhat metallic in luster; the last fourth of dorsal with 3 oblong
black blotches somewhat larger than eye, the anal with 4, siuiilar in posi-
tion; iu the young there is a slight brownish marginal line upon each
>'a]e, and an appearance of indistinct cloudings of brown upon the colored
s'dfc. fffif' 'frinWad and Dominica and in the Gulf of Mexico. The speci-
men be;6 nfeS/'/'rljed was collected by the AlhalroHH at Station 2414, in the
Gulf of Mexic</, ulfftji of the Tortugas, at a depth of 26 fathoms ; its length
irt 140 mm. O'ther spoci/nens weredredgedby the vi/&rt/ro8«at Station 2362,
in Lat. 22" 08' 30" N., Long. 86<- 53' 30" W., iu 25 fathoms, and at Stations
IIJ) and 2122, between Lat. 10^ 37' 40" N., Long. 61 42' 40 " W., and Lat,
la^ 37' N., [,ong 61'^ 44' 22" W., in 31 to 34 fathoms. Specimens were also
secured by thb /Hake at Stations XXIV and XXV, off Dominica. (Goode
\ Lean.) Kvidently very close to SijmphnrKa })l(ujiu8a. (I)ioinedea, the
Albatross ; from the name of the steamer by which most of the deep-sea ex-
j*]oration8 of the United States Fish Commission have been accomplished.)

AphoiiiiHti t/iiiitniledna. Goode & Hean, Proc. V. S. Nat. Miih. 1885, 589, Gulf of Mexico,
Lat. 2S^ 04' 30" N., Long. 82» 59' 15" W. (Typo, No. 37347. Coll. Albatnmg); Goodk
& Ukan, Oceanic Iclitliyology, 460, fl^t. 378, 1896.

30H«. SYMlMIUKi S WILLIAMS , Jordan iCilvor.

ffead 4.1 ; depth 3)i. I). 93; A. 73; scales 02. IJody nioie slendoi' th.in
in A. platfinsa, which it much resembles, but less slender than *.. eloiii/alun;
upper eye slightly in advance of lower. Sand color in life; light gray,
everywhen^ finely mottled with light and dark; traces of a few very nar
row dark cross bauds; tins all mottled; candal and pcmteriorpart of dofmil
and anal not bla"k, scanely darker than anterioi jmrt. Known only
from Ma/.atlan, whore 2 snecimena, the larger fibont l.J inches long, were
obtained by Mr. T. M. Williams, in tide pools with sandy bofJom in very
shallow water ;Mai <)i« psfnary. (Named for Thomas Marion Williams, a
student in biology in Stanford University, discoverer of the 8i)ecles.)

Symjtlninit ivillmiiiti, Jcbdan, I'roc. Cal. Ac. W«l. 18^5, 500, iilfifi, Mazotlan. (' ■/ll. Hop-
kbH ICxpod. to Ma/.iUlan.)

fl

\^'-?iyT^;7i^fji:^fyl'^^ <

^•^•C.'^-''^CKr--^t^yf.;- If -7

•¥<sm=.

i

mm}

2712 Bulletin //, United States National Mnseum.

Subgenus ACEDIA, Jordan.
3000. 8VM1MIUBUS NKRULOKIIK (Gixxlo .i;^ Ii(!iin).

Head Sj in total length ; depth 4 j. 1 ). 119 (to middle of base of caudal) ;
A. 107; V. 5; scales 120; ey<", Ti in head; snout 5. Body sleud«'r;
angle of mouth below front of lower pupil; tc«'th feeble, very slender,
and rather doHely jilaced, apparently etiually developed on both Hides ;
eyes small, close together, separated by a single row of Hcales, the ujtper
one very slightly in advance ; tabular nostril nearer eye than tip of snout ;
scales small, ctenoid, each wilh a median dark streak (but not keeled, as
erronoonsly stated in tlie original descriptiim) ;" jaws and snout naked.
Origin of dorsal a little behind eyes, highest rays 3 in depth of body;
longest anal rays twice length of snout; median caudal rays longest,
twice length of snout ; ])ectorals o1»8o]ete ; centrals well separated. Color
grayish, everywhere mottled with brown; a dark median lino on scales.
(Ooode & Bean.) Gulf stream. A well-marked species. The increased
number of fin rays indicates a probability that the number of vertebra-
will also be found similarly increased. (nebalo8U8, <'louded.)

Aphoristia nebulosa, Goode & IJuAN, IJuU. Miis. Conip. Zool., x, No. 5, 192, 1883, Gulf
Stream, off the coast of Carolina; Goodk & Uean, Oceanic Iditliyology, 458, lig. 375,
1896.

Il<yin2)hurus iiehulovuii, Jordan it Goss, Rovinw Flounders and Soles, ;t20, 1889.

Order CC. PJ^^DICTTLATI.

iU

i. t

i?i

(The rEDicuLATE Fishes.)

Carpal bones notably elongate, forming a kind of arm (])soudobraehium)
which supports the l»road pectoral. fJill opening reduced to a large or
small foramen situated in or near the axil, more or less posterior to the
pectorals. Ventral fins Jugular if present; anterior dorsal reduced to a
few tentaele-like, mostly isolated spines; soft dorsal and anal short; no
scales. First vertebra united to cranium by a suture; epiotics united
behind supraoccipital ; elongate basal pectoral radii (actinosts) reduced
in number; no interclavicles; post-temporal broad, tiat, simple ; upper
pharyngeals 2, similar, spatulate, with anterior stem and transverse
blade ; basis of cranium simple; no air duct to the swim bladder. Marino
fishes, chiefly of the tropics and the oceanic abysses. The group is an off-
shoot from the Avanthopfcr), its chief modilieations being in the elongation
of fhe actinosts and in the position of the gill opening. Its nearest rel.'i-
tivcs among the spiny-rayed fishes are, [lerluijts, the Halrachoidicr.
{pedicitlatua, having a footstalk.)

Analysis OF FAMit.iKs ok Pi:du:itlati.

'(. Gill openiuKH in or liuliiiiil the lower nxil of tlio i)ectoral ; mouth large, terminal.

b. Pseudobrancliiii- present; ]iMoudo1)ra('liia with 2 aetinosts; head broad, depressed,
the enormous mouth wilh very strong teeth; ventrals present.

liOrunn^F., ccx.\i.

* The ft(>penrnnce of " kei^led Ho.ales," deseriliod hy Goodo & Boan, is duo to a blaek line
on the skin under the center of each row of scales. There seems tu be no real keel, and
the HiHMiies is coiigeuoric with the other siiecies of Hyinplnirun.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2713

hb. Fseudobranchiir none; p80udobrn<!hia with SactinostH.

c. Ventrals present; .irm an;;iilat«, tlio pseudobrac.bia elongate.

ANTENNAEin>.«, CTXXII.

ec. Ventrals wanting, arm not an^iulate, tbe psuudobracliia moderate.

Cekatiid.k, ccxxiii,

aa. Gill openings in or behind the upper axil of the iiectoral; mouth small, usually

inferior. Oucocbi'hai.iu.e, ccxxiv.

Fiimily CCXXI. LOPHIIDi*:.

(TiiK Anglkks.)

Ilfiid wide, (lepresstsd, very large. Body contractetl, coniciil, taporiiig
rapidly backward from the shoulders. Month cxceedinjjly large, ttTiuiiial,
opoiiiug into an enormous stomach; upper Jaw protractile; maxillary
without supplementary bone; lower jaw projecting; both Jaws with very
strong, une»iual, cardiform teeth, some of the teeth canine-Iiko, most of
them dcpressible; vomer and palatines usually with strong teeth. CJill
openingH comparatively large, in the lower axil of the pectorals. Pseu-
(lobranehiie present. Gill rakers none. Gills 3. Skin mostly smooth,
naked, with many dermal flaps about the head. Spinous dorsal of 3 iso-
lated, tentacle-like spines on the head, and 3 smaller ones behind, which
lorni a continuous fin; seeond dorsal moderate, similar to the anal; pec-
toral members scan-ely genieulated, each with 2 actinosts and with elon-
gate pseudobrachia ; ventrals Jugular, I, 5, widely separated, large, much
enlarged in the young. Young with the head spinous. Pyloric ca-ca,
present. Two genera, with 4 or 5 species, living on sea bottoms, at mod-
crate or great depths; remarkable for their great voracity. (I'ediculati,
part, genus Lophius, Giinther, Cat., iii, 178-182, 18G1.)

a. Vertebrie 27 to 31.

aa. Vortebraj 18 or 19 only.

LOPHIt'S, 10.^8.
Loi'iaoMus, 1059.

n

1058. LOPHIUS (Artedi) Liunieus.
(Fisiiing-Fkogs.)

Lophivi (Ahtkdi) Linn^^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1, 2U6, 1758 (piicalorius).

Characters of the genus included above. Vertebra? numerous, ;ibout 30
in number. {Lophiua, the ancient name of L. pi«catonu8, from Ao^oS, a
crest. )

3091. LOPHIUS PISCATOKIUS, LinnauB.

(Common AnOLEK; FISHINQ-FROO; MONKFISH; GOOSKFISU; AIX-MoUTH; 1?KI,L()WH.FI8H.)

D. I-I-I, III-IO; A. y. Body depressed, tapering, scarcely longer than
liead. Humeral spine with 3 points, of which the posteridi is the longest.
Head surrounded with a fringe of bail)els; top of he , in young, with
many strong spines. Anterior dorsal spine elongate, liesiiy at lip. Brown-
ish, mottled, below white ; mouth behind tlie hyoid lioue inunaeulate ; pec-
torals and caudal black at tip; peritoueum black. Length 3 feet. North
3030 93

'cryrw^'?^'

: 5Hi»Wp^^^f5"^^l^'i'J2^^;

i'' ;;:"!

in

2714 Bulletin ^7, United States National Musenm.

Atlantic, on both coasts; generally common, ranging southward along the
shore to Capo Hatteras ; found in deep water as far south as Harbados, in
209 fathoms, and to the Cape of Good Hope; nt. tivvard to Norway and
Nova Scotia. A well-known lish of singular ugL <»88 of appearanco, and
of enonnous voracity. (Eu.) (jmcatoriua, pertaining to an angler, in
allusion to the baited dorsal spines which overhang the cavernous raoutli.)

LophiuK piseatorius* Linn^kis, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1, 236, 1758, seas of Europe ; aftei
AiiTKoi, LophUu ore cirrkoso, etc.; GCnthkh, Cat., ui, 179, 1861 j GiLL, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mils. 1878, 219; JoBDAN & GiLMEUT, Synopsis, 844, 1883.

Lophivt ainericanv*, Cuviek & Valenciennes, Hist. Nut. Poiss., xn, 380, 1837, Philadel-
phia (Coll. Le Sueur) ; Storer, Uist. Fish. Mass., pi. 18, lig. 2, 101, 1867.

I i

'(*'"

1059. LOPHIOMUS. Gill.

Loj)hiomu*, Giix, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 552 {netigerus) .

This genus is closely allied to Lophiua in external characters, but it is
strikingly distinguished by t\w reduced number of its vertebrae, which
are only 18 or 19, a fact which is associated with its tropical habitat. On«(
B])ecies from tlie Pacilic. {Lophius; oo/ttdi, shoulder, in apx)arent allusion
to the trifid humeral spine.)

3002. LOPHIOMUS SKTKJEKUS (Yahl).

Dorsal III-II1-9; A. 5. Head above orbits and laterally with numer-
ous spines and prickles; humeral bone ending in 3 blunt points; numerous
cirri scattered along sides of head and body. Vertebra' 18. Color dusky ;
lloor of mouth black posteriorly, but without white spots; pectorals and
ventrals pale on basal half, black distally; caudal and anal black, with
some white spots; soft dorsal translucent, with black specks; first dorsal
spiuie with its m»*mbranaceous tip white, the latter provided with 2 black
eye-like spots. Paeific Ocean; not unconunon in rather deep water oft"
coasts of China and Japan. Known on the American coast from 1 speci-

* Accordins; to Professor Horace A. Hofl'iiian this fish is called in Athens lUcKavSpiT^a
or UeiTKavTpiTia. These nanieH, "jirohahly of Italian origin, iiieaninfr lisher; xKdtrxa, at
Chalcis, (TKKftiiTov, and ffarpaxo^apo at Patras, The PaTpavoi 6 n\uv<i (the lisher frog) of
Aristotle. (See Aristotle !")05a 6h 4, 5061» 16, 564b 18, 5651) 29, 5701) 30, 620b 11 ff, 695b 14,
696a 27, 749a 23, 754a 23 ff, TSSa 9, 835b 13, 1527b 41-43, 540b 18.) Ari.st<)th< says with legard
to tlie /3aTpa;(ot : ' Inasmuch as tlie flat front part is not fleshy, nature has compensated for
this by adding to the rear and the tail as much fleshy substance as has been siibtr.ictcd
in front.' The /Sdrpaxo^ is called the angler. He fishes with the hair like filaments hung
1)eforo his eyes. On the end of each filament is a little knob just as if it had liccn ]ilaccd
there for a bait. He makes a disturbance in sandy or muddy places, hides himself and
raises these filanientn. When the little tislies strike at them he leads tliem down with
the filaments until he brings them to his mouth. The pdrpaxo's is one of the aeXdxrj. .Ml
tlie (reAoxi are viviparous or ovoviviparoiis «>xcept the /Jarpaj^o?. Tiie other flat atkdxv
liavo their gills uncovered and iiiuloriiuatli them, but tlie pdrpaxof has its gills 011 the side
and (M)verea with skinny ojiercula, not with horny opeiriila like the lish which are not
(Tf\axuiSri. Some fishes have the gall bladder upon "the liver, others have it upon the intes-
tine, more or less remote from the liver and attached to it by a duct. Siuili are /Sorpaxo^,
eXAot/t, (TuroYpn, a/xvpaifa, and (i<l>ia<!. (This has been proved true of Loiiliiiis piscatoiiiin
by a (lis8C(^tion by Dr. V,. H.Gilbert.) Thf ,SoTpavo5 is t'.ie only one of tl.e at\dxri whicli
is oviparous. Tbis is ou account ot the nature of its body, for it has a head nii'.ny times
as large ae the rest of its body, and spinv and very rough'. Vov this same reason'it <loes
not afterwards admit its young into itself'. The si^.e and roiicliiiess of the bead nrevenls
tbeiii both from coming out (i. e.. being born alive) and from filing in (being taken into
tlie mouth of tlie parent). The fidrpa\oi; is iiiohI luollHc! of the aeKd^^r), but they are
.Hcaret because ..le eggs are easily destroved, for it bivs thciii iu a bunch near iho shore.''
(UoHhian \ Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sti. I'hila., 1««2, 278.)

PiAiSu

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2715

men, 2,\ inches lou^, dredged at Alhatron Station 2805, southwest of Pan-
jima. From this specimen, tht? above descriptiou is taken. Comparing
this with a larger specimen taken at Tokio by Prof. K. Otaki, we lind no
(litterences likely to prove permanent. («e/a, bristle; (jcro, I bear.)

Lophitu setwjerus, Vahl,* Skrivt. Naturh., iv, 214, tub. H, fln8. 5 anil 6, 1707, China Sea;

CuviEK &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, \\%'A, I8;t7 ; (JOntiiek, Cat., iii, 180, 1801.
LtyphiHH vivipams, Blocu &. Schneider, Syst. Iclith., U2, 1801, tab. ^2, China Sea; after

Vabl.
Lophiomua setigerua, Gilbekt, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 404.

Family CCXXII. ANTENNAKIID/E.

(The Frog-Fisiies.)

Mead and body more «)r less compresstHl. Mouth vortical or very
()bli(|U«', opening upward; lower Jaw projecting; .jaws with cardilbrm
tectli; premaxillarics protractile. Gill openings small, pore-liko, in or
behind the lower axils of the pectorals. No pseudobranchia>. Gills 2.4
or 3; skin naked, smooth, «)r prickly. Pectoral members forming an
elbow-like angle. Pseudobiachia long, with 3 actiiiosts. Ventral fins
present. Jugular, near together. Spinous dorsal of 1 to 3 separated,
tentacle-like spines; soft dorsal long, larger than anal. Pybnic ca-ca
none. Genera about 5; si»ecies 50. Inhabitants of tropical seas, "living
on lloating seaweed, and enabled, by tilling the capacious stomach with
air, to sustain themselves on the surface of the water;" thcrefort^ widely
dispersed by currents in the sea. {Pediculati, pt., Giluther, Oat., m, 182
to 200, 18G1.)

a. Head coinpreBsed ; a ro.stral spino or tentacle, followed by 2 larger spines ; palatine

teeth developed; dorttiil .'opines dinconnecled.

b. Skin naked and smooth ; ventral tins elonj^ate. Ptehoi'HKVNE, lOtiO.

bb. Skin covered witli prickU'S: ventral tins short. Antknnakius, 1061.

art. Head cuboid; a single rostral spine or tentacle, received in a groove; soft dorsal

low. CnAUNAX, 1062,

io6o. PTEROPHRYNE, Gill.

;.f )

(MousK-Fisii.)

Pterophryne, (tH.l, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. IMiila. 18611, i)0 (howjainvillei).

Pter()phiyn(ii<lcii,iiu.L. Proc. 1^. S. N;it. .Miis., i, 1878, 21(i (liLstiio) ; name a substitute for
I'tfi'uphri/iie, if tlio latter be regarded as preoccupied l)y the earlier Pterophrynux.

Hody smooth or scurcely granular, short, somewhat compressed, with
tumid abdomen; mouth small, obliciue; ])alate with teeth; wrist and ]iec-
toral lin slender; ventrals elongated; soft dorsal and anal vertiially

*Lophiouiux setiqenu, is Muis (lesprilted by l>r. (iiintlior:

"Dorsal Ill-lll, 8orl»; A. 6 or 7 Toetii itrrangnd in 2 alternntc series in the u]ip('r
Jaw, in 3 ill the lowiT; 2 or :! teetli on enfli .sidi' of tlic vomer; humeral spin«> terminating
in ;t points; tlic inoutli licliind the hyoid Ixuie i)urpli,sh bla<"k, with wliito spots. Verteline
I'.t, the anttrior ones vtrv short, tim middle and poaterior ones nearly equal in length,
(.'oasts of (Jbiua iutd Japau. " (Uiiulher.)

t

.;, 1

:k :•■' ,

ll '

2710 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

expanded. Small iishes of fantaHtic Hhape in the Weat Indies and Gulf
Stream. {itvEpov, wing; ^fivvi}, toad.)

a. " Dnit " on first liorHal spiiiu bifurcate at tip. iiistrio, 3093.

aa. "Bait " on first dor.sul spiue bulbouu, coverisd with tleshy fllamouts. gibba, 30U4.

801)8. I'TEKOPIIKYNK IIISTItIO (Linuiuiis).

(Mouse-Fish ; Sakqassum-Fish.)

Head 2i; depth 1|. 1). III-14; A. 7; V. .5. Skin of head and body, as
Willi as dorsal iiiiH, with fleHliy tags, "wliich are nioHt iiiimeroiiB on the dor-
sal spines an<l ubtlonien. Wrist slender; ventrals large;, nearly ^ as long
as head. Dorsal and anal with the posterior rays not adnate to candal
peduncle; iirst dorsal spine bifurcate at tip. Yellowish, marbled with
brown; 3 dark bauds radiating from eye; vertical lins barred with
brown ; belly and sides with small white spots. Tropical parts of tlu»
Atlantic; abundant on our Gulf coast and occasional northward to Cape
llatteras or beyond, esjtecially in floating masses of Sargaasum. Once taken
in Europe (Vadso, Norway) in iloating seaweed from the Gulf Stream.
Recorded from the coast of Scnegam))ia; its history and synonymy con-
fused with that of the following species. A remarkable fish, excessively
variable in coloration, (/its/rio, a harlequin.)

Lophius tumidug, Ohbec^k, Iter CIiiiieiKsia, 400, 1757, Open Sea; pre-Linnican.

Lopfiius histrio,* Linn.ki'S, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 237, 1758, after various authors, especially

BalUtes guaperva seu chineHiin, LiNN.Krs, Mus. Ad. Fr., 50,
rterophryne Instrio, GiLL,Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 216; GoODE & Bean, Oceanic Ichtby-

oloj!y, 480, 1890.
Antennarius hintrio, Jordan & Gn.BEiiT, Synopsis, 840, 1883; Collktt, Campagnes Hiron-

dolk", 38, 1890.

* Concerning the use of Ihe miuw hittrio for this species. Dr. Gill remarks:
"In 1794 (as appears from the dates on the plivtcs), Shaw ])ul)li8hed a number of his
'Naturalists' Miscelluny,' in which he described 3 ILslies under the generic name of
Lophms. These were described as (1) Lophius «(riotM«(tho Striated Luphias), j)l. 175;
(2) Lophius pietiii(t\\n Variegated Lophius), jtl. 176, u|)]ier figure, and (3) Lophius maniio-
ratus (the Marbled Lo]>hius), pi. 170, lower ti(;iire. The originulsof these are evidently the
varieties (a, h, and c) of Lophnis histrio admitted by Bloch &. St^hneider. It is quite clear
I hat the first two were based on species of tyjjical Antvnnarixm (not I'terophryne), while
the third is incomprehensible, and, if the figure is at all correct, must re]>resent a facti-
tious fish ; it most <*rtainly has nothing to do with I'tentphnjne. The other species, how-
•iver, notwithstanding the"baf! figures, are readily identifiable. The Lophiti* striatu* (as
has recently been recognized by Giinther) is the first name of an AntennaHu* peculiar to
the Pacific,' and quite distinct from the Caribbean Antennarius tcaber {-—A. hutrio Giin-
ther), with which it was at first confounded byGiinther. The /!<o/;fctMsjJtc?MS was evidently
bast.'d on the 8i)e<'ies or variety of Antennarius which was afterwards nauied Antennarius
phipnatodea by Bleeker, and it agrees very ••losely, in the distribution of colors, with a
specimen figured l>y that ichthyologist, and would probably be considered by Giinther aa
a variety of his Antennarius commersoitii. Hut whatever may bo the value' of the fonns
embraced under the name Antennarius commersonii by (iiinther — whether species or
varieties — the name Antennarius victus must be revived from Shaw, either esi)ecially for
tho Antennarius phy'inatodes ot Bleeker or for the collection designated aa Antennarius
commersonii. It has thus been demonstrated (1) that the Liniiivan name, Lophius histrio,
was originally created for the common Pterophryne, and (2) that the names generally
em|>l()yed for' the Vterofihiyne were originally apjilicd to very different forms, and mem-
bers of even a ilifttTeiit genus. Hence if tlie laws of priority, as formulated by the Britisli
and American Associations for the Advancement of Science, are to guide us, there can be
no (piestion that the species of Vterophriine must hereafter be designated as Ptcrophryne
hxMrio: if, however, it is allowable to go behind even thcs tenth edition of the Syslema
Natural and to take the oldest binonual name, without other I'onsidei'ations, the desigiui-
tion tumidus must be revived. It seems best, howuvor, to follow gcuerul usage." (Gill,
Proc. U. S. Nat. MuB., I, 1878, 226.)

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2717

dhironeetes pictut, CuviEn <fc Valenciennes, Hist. Nut. I'oia.s., xii, 393, 1837, Surinam.

Chironectes tnmidui, CuviEU &. Valenciennes, Hint. Nat. Poi-ss., xii, 397, 1837, "Cabinet
du Roi," Sargasso Sea. (Coll. P6roii.)

Chironectes arctieut, DthiEN «fc Koken, Kong. Vet. Akad. Alih. Stockholm 1844, 72, Vadso,
Norway, from a speeiinpii carried northward in Sargaitum; the only E(iro])oan rec-
ord ; fide Collett.

Antennatiuxviarmoratut, GliNTilEn, Cat., in, IS."), 1801; in i)art; not of Ciivler.

Oldronectes lanjvjaUi*, I)E Kay, N. Y. Fauna : FishcH, 165, i>l. 27, tig. 83, 1842 ; not of CuviKR.

S004. PTEROPIIRYNK (JIUBA (Mitchill).

Garinan refers to this species certain specimens obtained in Onlf weed
about Key West and the Tortugaa. These leseniblo P. histrio, but "diller
markedly in certain respects. The bait on the lirst dorsal spine, for in-
stance, is bulbous and covered with slender lleshy filaments in our indi-
viduals, but in P. hintrio it is bifurcate. P. yibhua is fairly represented by
Cuvier, 1817, in his Chironectes IwvlgalHS. The formula for the individuals
in hand is D. Ill, 12; A. 7; V.r>; P. 10; C. 9." (Garman.) West Indies,
north to Key West and the Tortugas; not examined by ns; ])robably com-
mon, but hitherto confounded with P. hiatrio. {gibhu8, gibbous.)

Lophius gibbus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Pliil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, i, pi. 4, f. 9, off St. Croix,

Lat. 22° N., Long. 64'^ W. (Coll. Dr. John D. Jaques.)
Chironectes Irtvigatus, Cuvier, Mem. dn Mus., in, 423, pi. 16, lij^. 1, 1817, South Carolina

(Coll. I5o8c) ; CuviEii & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 399, 1837.
Vterophnjne Icevigata, Gii.L, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1803, 90.
! Ohifonectes sunntagii* Baron J. W. von Mi°:LLEit, Ilcisen in don Veroini;;ten Staateu,

Canada nnd Mexico, IJand 1, 180, 1804, in Heating 8<iaw('cd; no exact locality statiHl.
Pteruphrynoidet gibbtm, Gakman, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1890, 81.

1061. ANTENNARIUS, Lacdpfcdo.

Antennariun (Commerson) LACl^ipi^-DE, Hist. Nat. Poias., i, 421, 1798 (chironectes).
Histrio, Fischer, Zoognosia, 78, 1813 {hintrio, etc.). (No type ; in(^Indes all known .1 nten-

nariidcB; description transposed with that of Lophius by error.)
Chironectes, Cuvier, Krgne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. 11, 252, 1829 [chironectes) ; pi-eocoupied in

mammals, Illigcr, 1811.

Body oblongi (compressed, very deep through the oc<'ii)ital region, taper-
ing behind.; breast tnmid; mouth rather large, more or less obli(iue, or
( ven vertical; cardiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye small;
skin with small granules or spinules, these usually forked, and numerous
Heshy slips. First dorsal spine devehtpod as a small rostral tentat-lo;

*Thefonowing is tlio substance of the long account of P. sonntagii (Von Miiiler):
" D. II, 10 to 12; P. 10 or 11 ; C. 6 to 7 V Xtrahlenpaare') ; B.C. Head and body slightly

<'oni])re88i>d ; dorsal spines like little, horns, covered over and over with R])inouM growths.

Mouth wide, with numerous rows of small teeth ; throat and l>elly wiih many lleshy slips.

Pectorals itrodiiced on a long peduncle like the Mippers of a. f<»rtoise; ventrals similar,
lint fornuid more like feet: anal linlikea rudder. Colorelear yellowish green, withgreeii-
ish brown stripes; a broad dark stripe across breast to root of jiecloral; another on tlio

hack; another on the side, running backward in the form of a hammer, paler at last on
lower ]iart of back; several stripes and spots, nion! or less dusky, on the tail and other
extremities; on the soft underside to the anal intense reddi.sh golden yellow sjiofs; be-
tween the dark streaks and i\w yellow ground color of tlie body arc otten white sh.ides
iind markings; eye tiery orange.' Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico; living in floating
Htaweetl."

'I'his spe<;ie8 must be a I'terophnjne, and it is not evidently diflTerent from ^terophri/ne
ijioba.

«j>.'!yf^^^T ^'f

rins!m^'

2718 riulletin //, United States National Afnsenm.

•:'-t .

[ :

■■■

1

w

<

i

_;
i

i i ; .

;«

Hocond and third dorsal npines strong, covered with skin, with nnmeroiiK
fleshy ii laments; soft dorsal high and long; anal short and d«^ep ; caudal
liu rounded, the ptMluncle Irce; pectoral fins wide, with a rather wide
wrist, at the lower posterior angle of which are tlie very small gill o])cii-
ings; ventral fins short. Fantastic-looking fishes, often gaily colored;
very numerous in warm seas, {antenna, ; feeler or tentacle.)

a. BiilltouH tip or "bait" of first (ioraul spino Hiniplo, undivided at tip.

6. Sltin Hiiiootliisli except about eyoH ; firnt dorsaf spiuo Hbort, Hecond rougb. Ilodv
brown, witfi wliitisli spots; no ocelli. inops, 309.').

bb. Sltin witb priclcles, velvety or sbagreoii-lilfo.
e, Pric1ilc8 simple, none of tlicni Ijifid.

d. (/olor black; tips of pectorals and ventrals and one or two spots on
side white (pricltleB undescribed). i-iuncipih, :t090.

dd. Color dusky; dorsal with 3 ocelli ; caudal witlunany spots; first dor-
sal longer than second ; no dermal flaps. TENEnROSUS, 3097.
ddd. Color reddish or grayish, reticulate witb heavy black lines; first
dorsal spine slinrt. itETlCULAHls, 3098.
ec. Prickles or H])inules on body mostly bifid.

e. Body witiiout ocelli ; first dorsol spine filiform.

/. Mouth immaculate within ; bodj' with numerous rosy and dusky

tracts, the latter forming bais and concentric streaks below ;

fins barred. btkioatus, 3099.

ff. Mouth largely black within ; body blood rod, with black spots

on Hides and below dorsal. panouinkus, 3100.

ee. Body with 3 largo ocelli, 1 on dorsal, 1 on caudal, and 1 on middh^ ot

side, besides many black spots and streaks; tii* of first dorsal

spine fringed; mouth largely black within. (Xiellatus, 3101.

aa. Bulbous tip oi "lait" on first dorsal spine bifid at tip; skin slmgreen-liko.

g. Coloi reddi.sh, with brown spots, tliose about the eye radiating.

h. Dermal ilaps nuiiierons on body ; spinulos on skin short and stiff, rendering

the surface shagreen-like. scaber, 3102.

hh. Dermal flaps few; spinulos on skin longer and slender, rendering tli^'

surface velvety. tiqbis, 3103.

gg. Color uniform black; surface of body ro'igh, shagreen-like; inside of montii

wliite ; first dorsal 8])ino short, little longer tlian second, nuttingu, 3104.

aaa. Bulbous tip or "bait" of first dorsal spine trifid.

i. First dorsal ray twice as long as second and as long as caudal; sides with

numerous black ocelli, besides other streaks and dark spots; skin

smoothish. multiockllatus, 3105.

ii. First dorsal spine barely i longer than second ; shorter tlian <:audal ; sides

with dark streaks and reiiculatious ; a large ocellus under middle of soft

dorsal; body rough, with shagreen. itAUiosus, 3106.

8095. ANTENNABIU8 INOPS, Poey.

Depth 2| with caudal. Skin lustrous, smooth, except for some points
behind and below eye; third of the first 3 dorsal rays largest, its mem-
brane not reaching to vent; second ray also large, but shorter, placed
between eyes; first spine developed as a fishing rod, filiform, ending in a
small, membranaceous lobe, its base close to that of second, and, therefore,
distant from end of .snout, its spine short, the tip not reaching middle of
second spine; short tentacles, like horns, on anterior part of third spine,
over the nostrils, and under the mouth ; caudal rounded ; pectoral so
Joined that it can not be turned forward as usual in this group, but rising

rf:-i1

t::i

Jordan and Ever mann. — Fishes of North America. 2719

obliquely backward and upward. Eyo slijjhtly longer than Huout ; mouth
brown within. Color brown, with white spotM on the body and median
fins, 6 of the largest of these each with the (enter yellowish, the largest
from once to twice diameter of eye; spots on dorsal tins small; eye golden.
I'orto Rico. (Poey.) Not seen by ua. The type 70 mm. long, (inojis,
helpless. "I eall this species ' inops' on account of the miseriible tishiug
rod which has fallen to its lot." Poey.)

.1 ntennariut inops, Poky, Aiuvl. Soc. Ehji. Hist. Nal., x, 1881, 340, Porto Rico. ((.'oil. Don
Juan Giindliich.)

309«. ANTKNXAllIUS PRINCIPIS (Ciivior Jt Valonciennos).

D. III-U; A. 7; P. 10. Anterior dorsal s] tine twice as long as socimd,
ending in a small, slender lobe; mombriiue behind third spine extending
to root of soft dorsal ; last ray of dorsal not reaching caudal. Skin rough,
covered with small spines; no cutaneous fringes. Black; tips of pectorals
and ventrals white; a small white spot nbove pectoral. (Gilnther.) West
Indies to Brazil; not seen by us. Giinther's sxteeimeu, above described,
from Para, (principia, of the prince. Named for its discoverer, I'rince
Maurice of Nassau.)

Chironeetea jirineipis* Covikh & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Foisa., xn, 416, 1837, Brazil;
on 2 drawings by Princo Maurice, tho sciMtnd rt'prcHt<nting the preHunt HiMicios to
which (liintht^r rostrictH the wmwo prineipis. Tho flrst ligiiro is more like ti<jri$.

A iitennariug principig, Giinther, Cat., ui, 193, 1861.

3097. ANTKNNAKIUS TENEBKOSUS (Poey).

D. 111-12; A. 7; P. 11. Anterior dorsal spino longer than second, termi-
nating in a simple and slender tentacle; soft dorsal fin terminating at
some distance from caudal. Skin rough, covered with small spines, with-
out cutaneous fringes. Blackish brown, marbled with darker and lighter;
a series of 3 black, blue-edged ocelli on upper posterior part of dorsal tin ;
many similar ocelli cm caudal fin, irregularly dispose<l. (Poey.) Cuba.
Not seen by us. (tcnebroaiia, dusky.)

('hironeetes tenebrosus, Poey, Memoriaa, I, 219, pi. 17, lig. 1, IS'il, Cuba.
Antennaritis tenebromis, Gt^NTHER, Cat., hi, 197, 1861.

3098. ANTENNAllIUS KKTUULAUIS, Gilbert.

D. III-12; A. 7. First dorsal spine short, very slender and filiform, not
reaching tip of second, terminating in a short, fleshy flap; second spine
moderately robust, flexible, not curved backward, wholly free and with-

* Goncornlng this nominal species and Ghironectes tnentzelii, both of which were based
on drawings by Prince Alaurice, Cnvier &. Valenciennes remark:

" We here cite these figures, and we give them apocitic names only to fix the attention
of travelers and to get them to find the species which have served as models for these
figures."

The following is the substance of the original description of Chirtmectes principis:

In the first figure, color very deep brown, speckled with black spots on body and fins ;
dorsal fin with only 1 series of spots. Filament of first 8]iine twice as long as that of the
8(«cond, and terminating in a little knob or bait, the second spine free from the first and
similar in slia]>e.

Second figure of the same form, fhe second dorsal longer, the first rsiy ending in a
H|)iral, and the whole body white, with 2 white round spots on each aide, one above the
other.

'■'iif ' ' iv

^,

■> K •^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

^Sr Jim M ^

L<J

I!

1.0

I.I

^1^ 1^

m

tit

14.3

11-25 HI 1.4

I

1.6

6"

Sciences
Corporaiion

la WIST MAIN STRUT

WnSTU,N.Y. I45t0

(7l«)l72-4503

(

:\

Ef-i

|)s;t

<i ■

IP

m

m.

I:,: i

^

— f '

I- fm

2720 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum.

out membrane ; third spine nearly erect, not free, depressible with diflB-
culty; not curved as in A. aanguineus; spines on the body rather coarse
and shagreen-like, Avith expanded, undivided tips. Color in spirits, top
of head, including dorsal spines and. front of soft dorsal, coral red, the
body otherwise light gray, broadly reticulated on sides and below with
heavy black lines, which inclose 5 or 6 large pale spots; pectorals, ven-
trals, and anal with narrow terminal and wide median black bars. Soft
dorsal uniformly light. This species closely resembles A. aanguineus, but
differs from it in the straight, erect spinules, the color, and jhe character
of the plates on the body. Length IJ inches. Gulf of California. (Gil-
bert.) Only the type known, {reticularis, netted.)

Antennarins reticularis, Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8. 1891, 566, Gulf of California, at
Albatross Station 2835. (Coll. Gilbert.)

8099. AXTENNABIVS STRICIATUS, Gill.

D. III-12; A. 7. First dorsal spine elongate, filiform, twice length of
second, witli very slender, dermal tip; third spine more robust than
second, wholly concealed in the skin, its length equal to that of fir8t
spine. Li])S, maxillary, and a large transverse area behind second dorsal
spine naked, each side of this area with a few spinous tubercles; skin
elsewhere covered with fine shagreen-like armature. Color in spirits, oli-
vaceous everywhere on body and on inside of mouth, finely mottled with
light olive Itrown ; many irregtilar blackish areas on head and body, those
on iower side of head showing a tendency to form concentric bars; some
on Hides fonning irregular bars downward from b&ck ; posterior ])ortion
of body not darker than the anterior; terminal parts of all the fins largely
blackish, but with distinct black bars; some scattered round blotches on
sides, each consisting of a number of smaller black spots on an olive
ground ; head and body with numerous pinkish and rose-red spots and
bavH, the latter sinuous, irregular, with wavy margins; a pinkish bar
behind maxillary; a broad, saddle-like pinkish blotch across interval
between second and third dors.al spines ; a third bar from in front of ori-
gin of second dorsal downward toward base of pectorals ; a fourth across
top (»f caudal peduncle; first dorsal spine narrowly bariud with brown.
Pacific coast of tropical America, from Cape San Lucas to Panama. Here
descrilxMl from an adult, 10 inches in h^ugth, from Panama. This dififers
considerably from the descriptions of the young {strigatua, tenuifilia) given
by Gill and Giinther.

Two young individuals, types of .^. atrigatua, are thus characterized by
Dr. Gill:

"The anterior dorsal spine is very slender and filiform, without
appendages; the second is straight and moderate; the third concealed
and developed as a hump, obtuse behind. The spines which cover the
body are small and mostly bifid. The back and front of the dorsal flu are
reddish; the rest light brown, with black stripes which diverge down-
ward above the pectorals, those in front being parallel with the profile
and at right angles with those behind; around the pectoral fins and on
the flanks, the streaks are generally blended to form a continuous black

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2721

area ; a black dorsal saddle Ih in frout of the dorsal fin, and a black band
covers the posterior half of the caudal fin ; the abdomen is broadly reticu-
lated with black, and the brown intervals themselves are frequently
striated with the same color; the interior of the mouth is immaculate."
(strigatua, striped.)

Antennarius strigatug. Gill, Proc. Ac. Kat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 02, Cape San Lucas (Coll.

J. Xantiis), young ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mns., 1882, 6.10, atlult ; Jordan,

Cat. Fishes, 138, 1885.
Antennarius tenuifilis, GUnther, Fishes Contr. Amer., 440, 1869, Panama; young.

and

bar

ervai

ori-

CrOBH

wn.

i»y

8100. ANTENXARIUS SANdCINEII.^ Gil).

Anterior dorsal spine very slender, 2| in length of caudal fin, terminat-
ing in a flap extended on each side, laeiniated outward; second spine
rough, robust, and curA'ed strongly backward .at its «nd; third not
free, but apparent as a hump pointed backward, and extending f of the
distance from its insertion to that of dorsal fin; skin covered with small
l)irid spines, whose prongs diverge considerably and are acute. Color
blood red, except on abdomen, but with several more or less distinct
black spots under origin of dorsal fin and on sidf s ; abdomen light or yel-
lowish brown, spotted with black ; intervals between caudal and' anal
rnys also marked with black; floor of mouth behind tongue with 2 lateral
black bands converging towar*'. the front, -vhile the posterior margin of
the uongue itself is also sometimes lined with black. ((lill.) Pacific
coast of tropical America, Cape San Lucas to Panama ; scarce, {aanffuin-
eii8, bloody.)

AntenrMriiit languiiietit, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863,91, Cape San Lucas (Coll.

Xantns) ; Jordan, Cat. Fighen, 138, 1885.
Antennarius leo2>ardinus, GL-nther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1804, 151, Panama.

8101. ANTENNARIUS OCELLA/CS (Bloch &. Schneider).

Depth 1^ in length. D. II-I-14; A. 8; P. 11; orbit equaling snout, eye
much smaller; maxillary 3i in body; pectoral rays 5^; caudal 4. Body
short, oblong, com})res8ed, very deep through occipital region ; mouth large,
8ubverti(!al; teeth small, sharp, cardiform, in wide bands on jaws, vomer,
and palatines ; maxillary extending downward to below axis of body ; a
very large kuoli at syRiphysis; lower part of head with many large, thick
tentacles. First 2 dorsal spines on interorbital space, the first slender,
terminating in a fringed lobe, the second shorter and much thicker,
behind it a smooth depression; the third spine exceedingly rough and
thick, blunt at tip and adnate to body; soft dorsal long and low, its
origin in front of middle of body, tips of last rays reaching base of cau-
dal; anal posterior, tips of its rays coterminous with dorsal rays, its
height e(|ual to its length; pectorals near middle of body, placed far
below axis; ventrals short, the rays thickened, their position under poste-
rior edi^e of eye. Skin covered with minute bifurcate spines, running
upon dorsal, iiiial, and caudal rays; gill opening in fnmt and below
]iectoral, its length about equal to snout. Color brown, marbled with

!r

st^:^

r^-

k

1 1

I

P

r^i

I ..!/!!.

^'

i i i: ' "

4 ' '
* 1

i ■ ; '
i :. ;

! ; :| -:

m

2722 Bulletin ^7, Utiited States National Museum.

lighter, and with scattered black dotj, especially on belly and outer por-
tions of dorsal and caudal ; each side with 3 large black spots ocellated
with brownish, 1 on dorsal near its base, a second immediately below it
on the sides, and a third in the middle of the caudal fin ; month behind
tongue black, with yellow lines. West Indies, north to Florida. Common
in the West Indies ; the most abundant of the American species. Hero
described from a specimen from off Pensacola, Florida, about 15 inches in
length.
Mr. Garman gives the following note on Antennarius ocellatua :
"The species was tolerably figured by Parra, but has not been recognized
by some of the subsequent writers. On 5 specimens before me the amount
of variations in markings is comparatively small. The 3 large ocelli, on
dorsal, caudal, and middle of side, are present on each, as is also the case
with the nnmcrous small spots of black on the ventral portions of tlio
body and on the outer portions of dorsal and caudal. The dorsal ocelluH
lies between the sixth and seventh rays, on the middle of the fin ; that on
the fiank is situated on the vent, and that on the caudal between the
fourth and fifth rays, from the top, near the middle of the fin. The black
portion of either of these spots is larger than the orbit, which latter is
rather small when contrasted with that of other species. The white cir-
cle around the black, again, is surrounded by a narrow one of brown. On
the caudal, at each side of the ocellus, there are transverse streaks. The
first ray of the dorsal is as long as the second, and is covered by scaler.
The bulb apparently ie simple, and bears uumerous laciniio. The second
dorsal spine is shorter than the third; both are club shaped. The s])a('e
behind the second dorsal spine is covered by scales," (ooellatus, with
eye-like spots.)

Pescador, Pahea, Dif. Fiezas, Hist. Nat., 1, tab. 1, 1780, Cuba.

Lophiug histrio, var. oeellatus, Hloch & SchniSIDEr, Syftt. Iclith., 142, 1801 ; after PARRA.

Antennaritu pleurophthclmus. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 186;i, 92, Key West; Jordan

&GH.nERT, Synopnis, 846, 1883; Jordan, Cat. Fisbes, 138, 1885; Gooue & Bean, Oceanic

Iclithyology, 487, 1898.
Antennanvt oeeUatus, Poky, Synopsis, 105, 1868; Garman, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Hist.

1806, 82.

3108. ANTGNXARIUS SCABRR (Ciivier).

D. III-12; A. 7; P. 9 or 10. Anterior dorsal spine as long as second, and
provided with 2 long and thick cutaneous flaps at its tip ; third dorsal
spine n«)t continuous with the soft dorsal ; soft dorsal fin terminating at
some distance from the caudal, its last ray not extending to root of cau-
dal, if laid backward; dorsal spines, head, back, and sides of the body
with m(n-e or less numerous cutaneous fringes, those of dorsal spines some-
times forming a dense cluster; skin very rough, covered with small spines.
Ground color yellowish or reddish, with numerous brown spots, those
around the eye forming radiating dtt'eaks; dorsal and anal fins with .S
series of round brown spots, the middle of which is formed by the largest
and most constant spots; sometimes uniform brown. Caribbean Sea.
(Giinther.) A snail bpecimeu from Port Castries, St. Lucia, hac the body

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2723

light brown, clouded with darker, fins all with ronnd black spots, those
of the base of the dorsal somewhat larger thau others; ventrals tipped
with black, (scaber, rough.)

Ghironeetes icaber, Ccvier, M6m. Mns., m, 425, pi. 16, fig, 2. 1817, Martinique (ColI.Pl^e);

CuviBR & Yalbxciennes, Higt. Nat. loiss., xii il2, 1837.
Lophiui spectrum, Gbonow, Cat. Fiah., Ed. Gray, 49, 1854, Antilles ; after Lophiua acute

geabra, Gronow, Zoophyl., 210, 1781.
Antennariut scaler, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Hat. Mus. 1889, 652, specinioii from Port CostrieH,

St. Lucia.
Antennarius histrio, GOnther, Cat., iv, 188, 1861; not Lophius histrio, LuniJEVs.

310S. ANTENXARIUH TICiBIS, Foey.

D. III-12; A. 7; P. 11. Anterior dorsal spine longer than second, termi-
nating in 2 long cutaneous daps ; third dorsal spine connected with soft
dorsal by a broad membrane, the latter terminating at Home distance from
the caudal, and its last raj' not extending to root of caudal if laid back-
ward. Skin rough, covered with small spines, without cutaneous fringes.
Ground color yellow, with numerous brown spots and streaks, the latter
radiating from the eye; dorsal fin irregularly spotted, with a scries of
large ronnd brown spots. (Poey.) Cuba. Not seen by us. According
to Mr. Garman, Antennarius scaber and A. tigria "are closely allied, but if
placed side by side the etquamation and filaa<ents suffice to distinguish
them, great similarity in color notwithstanding. A. acaher has coarser
scales, with shorter, rougher spineB, the scales are farther apart, and the
cutaneous flaps appear on the body much as figured by Cuvier. On A.
tigria there are few of the (mtaneous appendages, the scales are closer
together, the spines are longer and more slender, giving rise to an appear-
ance more like velvet, and the head an»l bodj arc more compressed."
{tigria, tiger.)

Ohironectea tigrU, PoEY, Memorias, 1, 217, pi. 17, flg. 2, 1851, Cuba.
Aritennarius tigris, Garman, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 83.

3101. ANTENXABICH NUTTINOII, Garman.

D. 3-1-12; A. 7; V. 5; P. 11; C. 9. In form this species is shorter, more
massive anteriorly, and less compressed than either A. ocellatua or A.
radioaus. A transervo section across the middle of the body is a nearly
cquilatera^. triangle. Caudal region short. Head nearly .as wide as high ;
cheeks swollen ; forehead rather broad, converging forward on the edges.
Occipital concavity wide and deep, free from scah^s in a wide space below
the ends of the first and second dorsal rays, this bare jpace being appar-
ently for the reception of the fleshy bait bulb, which latter has 2 elongate
lobes. Snout as long as the orbit, broad, truncate; chin vertical; sym-
physeal knob prominent. Mouth wide, subvertical. Eye small; orbit
twice as long, hardly more than ^ the interorbital space. First and
second dorsal rays equal in length, not inclusive of the 2 elongate fleshy
fringed lobes surmounting the flrst. The base of the flrst ray stands for-
ward prominently over the mouth, being free for some distance. The

.?::!

1 .r;

:IJ

' I

%>r- ^'^T"^p'rp'">

,'i t

w

if/

1^

I'ir

iilli!

A

if

i.:|

2724 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

greater portiou of the second ray is free, while the third la connected
-with the doraum, hy the akin, from base nearly to tip. This last ray is
larger than either of ita felloWH. Soft dorsal large ; middle rays longest,
as long aa the distance from the maxillary to the hiud edge of the oper-
culum, or aa long as the rays of the caudal fin ; fin not reaching back to
the bases of the caudal rays, fringed. Hind margin of caudal convex,
fringed. Anal moderate, raya prominent in the margin, fin with a blunt
angle on the outer edge, aubteiiding, when laid up against the tail, i or
more of the length of the caudal rays. The rays on the pectoral fins
extend out beyond the margins more noticeably than those of the other
fina. Ventrala small, in most instances with 6 points on the outer margin,
in one case having but 5. Greatest length of the caudal nearly ^ of the
total length. Length of each maxillary f of the caudal. Scales short,
small, close set, h.irah to the touch, having none of the velvety appear-
ance. Unifbrm black ; inside of the mouth black ; "bait "white. Great
Bahama Banks. Beaidea the specimens in Nutting's collection there are
several others in that of the Mus. Com. Zooi. "This species is readily
separated from A. principis of authors by the short first dorsal spine."
("The specific name is given in houor of Prof. C. C. Nutting, to whom
science is so much indebted for the origination and successful accomplish-
ment of the expedition.")

Antennariwt nuttingii, Gauman, Bull. Iowa Lab. Kat. Hist. 1890, 83, pi. ii, Great Bahama

Banks. (Coll. C. C. Nntting.)
ffChironeetet tnentzelii,* Cuvibr & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xn, 417, Brazil; on a

drawing by Prince Maubice.

8105. ANTENNARIUS MULTI0CELLATU8 (Cavier & Valenciennes).

* (Martin Pescador.)

Mouth large, vertical. First dorsal spine slender and straight, nearly
equal to leugth of caudal, terminating in 3 simple tentacles ; second dor-
sal spine curved at the middle and extending to ^he base of the third;
third dorsal spine partly embedded in the skin, reaching halfway to dor-
sal; wrists and pectorals widened; ventrals short. Skin covered with
bifid spines. Fawn color, lighter below ; many black spots ocellated with
white, both on the body and fins ; bo<ly with several pink areas, 1 of which
forms a triangular saddle in front of the dorsal and another a broad ring
around the base of the caudal fin ; angles of mouth with a pink spot.
West Indies, north to Florida Keys ; common. This description (after Gill )
from the type of Antennarius anniilatiis from Garden Key. According to
Mr. Garman, "this species la distinguished by the trifid bulb and the lout;
firat doraal ray, near twice aa long aa the second and quite as long as tlic
caudal, by the high nape, by the large third dorsal raj', much larger and
more swollen than the second, and by the coloration. The eye is very
small. The bla(;k centers of the largest of the ocelli are smaller than the
eye. Besides the ucellua on the soft dorsal that on the anal and the H

* The following is tbo substance of the very brief description of this nominal apecies :
" First dorsal fllani(«nt not longer thou tlie second, and enain{( in a small bait or knob.
Body black, with large marblinga."

ryt-i »

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. Ii725

forming a triangle on ':'■ e caudal, there are othors scattered over the cau-
dal and other fins, and over the sides of the body. Be" i>w the eye on tht»
(;heek and under the chin and the chest the spots are little more than h]a<;k
dots. Over the sides, a specimen in hand, the typo of A. roralliniis, Po«>y, is
freckled with lighter rounded spots. Behind the pectoral, on the side, there
is a small ocellus with a black center. On each side in the same positi<m, a
short distance above the pectoral, there is a bx'own ocellus larger than the
orbit, in the center of which there is a whit«! dot. A brown streak passes
i)ack from the upper part of the orbit and curves down toward the anal
ocellus, another passes back from the middle of the eye and curves down
toward the pectoral, and a third below the third dorsal spine runs down
and then forward toward the lower end of the maxillary. The forehead
is comparatively narrow ; behind the second dorsal ray the bare space is
hardly large enough to receive the bait."

Poey thus describes Antennariua corallinua, which according to Garman,
is the same as A. multiocellatua :

"D. II-I, 12; A. 7; V. I, 5; C. 17. Two dorsal spines in front of eye,
formed like horns, another higher on the nape; gill opening Hjuial, at tlie
lower base of the pectoral ; general form of the fish almost globular ; the
mouth vertical ; tongue marbled with black and white ; caudal rounded ;
eyes very small; pectoral low, reaching middle of body without caudal;
ventrals short; vent near anal; first dorsal spine endinjr in a single short
filament. Color reddish with black spots ; 2 of these spots eye-like, with
a larger black center and the iris of the color of the body, surrounded
with a black circle ; 1 spot at the base of the soft dorsal at the second third
of its length, a very weak one at base of anal ; between first spot and pec-
toral fiu 3 small inccmspicnous ocellate spots, of which the pupil is a small
point; middle of the body with dusky spots; dorsal, anal, and caudal with
black points; tubercles about eye and on the cheek, but not spinous.
Type 95 mm. long. Cuba." (Poey.) (»i«?<«8, many; oceMws, an eye-like
spot.)

Chirovectes muUiocellatui, Cuviek & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Foiss., xi, 422, 1837, Mar-
tinique. (Coll. M. Gariiot.)

Antennariuii annulatus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila. 1863, 91, Garden Key, Florida
(Coll. Lieut. Wright) ; Jordan &. Gilbert, Synopsis, 846, 1883.

Antennarius eorallinus, Poky, Repertorio, i, 188, 1865, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.)

Ai)teiinariu» multioeellatut, GUntuer, Cat., iil, 194, 1361; Gabman, ISuU. Iowa Lub. Nat.
Hist. 1896,82.

m

,4.,;

1'

8100. ANTENNARIUS RADIOSUS, Gurmau.

1). 3-^-13; A. 8; V. 5; P. 11; C. 9. Resembling J. %ri8, Poey, in shape,
squamation, etc., but diifering in coloi'ation and in possession of a much
longer dorsal ray. The staff in this ray is very slender, much longer than
the second ray, and bears a small, trifid "bait." Second and third dorsal
rays shorter than the first, the third well tied down by the skin. Scales
uniform, sharp. No cutaneous fringes on large specimens. Grayish or
brownish white, darker on nape and dorsal fin, with numerous spots of
light color, as large as the orbit, surrounded by more or less co iplete

•'■!;■:■ . I

i I

: i

i

(

mm

i

/

It^l

2726 Dtdletin ^7, United States National Museum.

edgings of browu, producing a semblance to reticulation, or lo spottin^^s
hy drops of liquid; 7 streaks of brown radiate from the eye; as in A.
ligrin, they are continued upon the head and down toward the ventrals;
:i largo spot of black, white-odged, a little larger than the or1)it, | on
the tin and | on the muscles of the body, occupies the sjtace between
the eighth and the tenth rays of the soft dorsal fin; the light areiis vary
ill intensity, and lie close together over nearly the whole of body and fins;
belly lighter, with faint indications of lines of brownish, radiating from
the head; caudal with oblique transverse eloudings of brownish; hind-
most i light. The color in life was probably reddish or yellowish.
Secured off Key West, in about 50 fathoms. A young individual, of less
than an inch, taken opposite Havana, is of lighter gray, and has a
large ocellus, of light color in the center, between the black one at the
base of the dorsal and the upper end of tlie humerus. There are small
cutaneous fringes on the Hanks. (Garman.) (radioaua, rayed.)

Antennarius radiomit, Garman, Mull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa Dniv. 1896, 85, i>l. 1, oflF Key
West, in 50 fathoms. (Coll. C. C. Nutting.)

106a. CHAUNAX, Lowe.

Ghaimax, Lo./B, Trans. Zcol. Soc. Lond., ill, 1846, 330 {pictus).

Head very large, depressed, cuboid. Mouth large, subvertical; jaws
and palate with bands of small teeth. Skin with small, sharp spines.
Spinous dorsal reduced to a small tentacle above the snout, retractile into
a groove ; soft dorsal moderate, low ; anal short ; ventrals small. Gills 2k ;
no pseudobranchia;. Muciferous channels very conspicuous, the lateral
line prominent, undulate ; another series of mucous tubes extending from
lower jaws to axil ; still another extends backward from snout :ind 'maxil-
lary to a point behind eye, when it ceaaes, uniting with a vertical line
which extends from the lateral line to the lower line : these lines thus
inclose a quadrate area on the cheek. Gill opening small, well behind
pectoral underfront of soft dorsal. Deep seas, (xavva^, one who gapes.)

a. Dorsal rays 11 ; anal 5; depth 2^ in length. pictus, 3107.

aa. Dorsal rays 13; anal 7 ; depth 2| in lejgth. ncttinoh, 3108.

3107. CHAUNAX PIt'TUS, Lowe.

Head H; depth 2^. D. I, 11; A. 5; P. 11; V.4; C.7. Rostral tentacle
short, pedicellate; muciferous channels appearing as chain-like rows of
pits. Hright orange above; sides rosy; fins vermilion. Deep waters of
the Atlantic; recorded from Madeiro, Soudan, Cape Verdes, Barbados,
oft' Rhode Island, and eloewhere in the Gulf Stream, in 130 to 428 fathoms.
A similar species {Chaunax flmbriatiia), r«?garded by Giinther as the same,
occurs in the Japan Seas, Bay of Bengal and the Fiji Islands, (pictus,
painted.)

Chaunax pictut, Lowe, Trans. Zoiil. Soc. Lond. 1846, 339, Camera de Lobos, Madeira;

GiiKTHER, Cat., Ill, 200, 1861 ; GooDE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 470 ; Jordan & Gilbrkt.

Synopsis, 847, 1883; Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 487, fig. 308, 1896.
? Chaunax flmbriatut, HihUKSVOHF, Sitzber. Ges. Naturf. Froundo 1879, 80, Sea of Japan.
; Chaunax nuttingii, Garman, Hull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ. 1896, 85, pi. ill, flg. 2,uear

Sand Key Light, riorida, in 120 fathoms. (Coll. C. C. Nutting.)

1 !

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. '2,121

8108. CilAUNAX NUTTINOII, Garinan.

B,6. D. II, 13; A. 7; V.4; r. 14; C.9. Form resembles that of Cfcoitnajc
piotiis, but is shorter, broader, aud poHsessed of more lin rays. Anteriorly
it is broad and depressed, posteriorly compressed. From head to soft
dorsal on the nape it is arched very little. Head broader than high, llat-
tcned or slightly concave on the occiput, nearly vertical on the chin.
Snout short, broad, truncate. Eye medium, the h^ngth of the scaleless
area covering it equals the width of that between the canals on tho inter-
orbital space, or about $ of the spate itself; the distance from the maxil-
lary is about the ocular width. The niche in which the first dorsal spine
is received is subelliptical and about | as long as the eye; the tenta(^le is
little more than i as long as the niche, is broad near the base, tai>ers
rapidly and bears a 2-lobed "bait" with blender fringes. Mouth wide,
oblique, maxillary about 3 times as long as the eye, widened and rounded
at the outer end; intcrmaxillaries alone forming upper border of mouth.
Teeth small, slender, sharp, in villiform bands. Origin of soft dorsal in
the middle of the distance from the rostral tentacle to the base of the
caudal fin, fourth ray above the gill opening, anterior rays shorter. V(^nt
below the seventh ray of the second dorsal. Pectorals short, broad,
rounded. The canals of the lateral system are in the main like those of
C. pictii 8, hnt have stronger .urves; they begin to curve outward imme-
diately behind the niche, n >t remaining parallel or converging as in
Lowe's species. Scales very fine, sharp aud close together. In life this
fish was probably red or yellowish with transverse cloudings or blotches
of brownish, it is now dingy l)rownish white; one of the blotches lies
just behind the eye, another lies below the orbit, and apparently 3 trans-
verse bands cross the back through the soft dorsal; orbit biaekish; ten-
tacular niche black. The coloration of the individual described indicates
a habitat within reach of the efi'ects of sunlight. Florida Keys; the type
dredged nearly 8 miles south of Sand Key Light, Florida, in about 120
fathoms. (Garman.) This species is evidently not very difterent from
Chaiinax pictu8 and may be the same. (Named for C. C. Nutting, professor
of zoology in the University of Iowa, director of the Bahama Expedition
of 1893.)

Chaunax nuttingii, Gahman, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa Uulv. 1896. 86, pi. in, f. 2, Sand
Key Light, Florida. (Coll. C. C. NuttinR.)

Family CCXXIII. CERATIID^.
(TiiK Ska Devils.)

Head and body compressed. Mouth terminal, more or less oblique.
Gill openings small, in the lower part of the axils. No pseudobrauchiio.
Spinous dorsal represented by 1 or more tentacles. Pectoral members
not geniculated, with short pseudobrachia and 3 actinosts. No ventral
fins. Fishes of the open seas, usually inhabiting considerable depths; 13
genera and 15 species known. All are uniform blackish in color.

"The bathybial sea devils," writes Giinther, "are degraded forms of
Lophiiia; they descend to the greatest depths of the ocean. Their bones

;^;l;:

T^F^-i-.Tf ■*'<:■■ \~-'av,7Tiitjirx'

'T(i"T'rT'-"'

K P

ifi

^1

Si

UM:':

i

I

■^t "" !

4

2728 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

Skvv of au extremely li^ht and thin texture, and frecpiently other parts of
their organization, their integuments, uiuacles, and intestines are equally
loose in tuxtnre when the sptH-jniens are brought to the Hurfaoe. In their
habits they probably <lo not differ in any degree from their snrface repru-
8««ntative, Lophiua. 'I'he nunib(T of the dorsal spines is always reduced,
and at the end of the series of these spocios only 1 spine remains, with a
simple, very small lamella at the extremity (i)/e/aN0Cfiu8 johnaonii, Melano-
cvtus nittrrajfi). In other forms sometimes a second cephalic spine, some-
times a spine on the back of the trunk, is preserved. The tirst cephalic
spine always retains the original function of a lure for other marine crea-
tures, but to render it more effective a special luminous organ is some-
times developed in connection with the filamonts with which its extremity
is provided {Ceratiaa bispinoaua, Onexi-odea eachrichtii). So far as it is known
at present these complicated tentacles attain to the highest degree of
development in ffimantolophua and Jigwonichthya. In otiier species very
peculiar dermal appendages are developed, either accompanying the spine
on the back or replacing it. They may be paired or form a group of 3,
are pear-shaped, covered with common skin, and perforated at the top, a
dolioate tentacle sometimes issuing from the foramen." {Pediculaii,
genus Ceratiaa, Giinther, Cat., iii, 205, 1861 ; Ceratiidce, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. 1878, 216.)

a. Mouth mwlerate.

b. Gills in 2\ pairs.

CEBATIINi*;:

c. Cleft of mouth nearly vertical ; skin prickly.
d. Cephalic spine ningle.

e. Dorsal spine present ; lateral caruncles present ; no teeth on vomer.

Ceratias, 1063.
ee. Dorsal spine wanting ; caruncles present.
/. Caruncles remote from soft dorsal.
ff, Caruuclesi close to soft dorsal.

ONEIUODIN-V. :

ce. Cleft of mouth nearly horizontal ; skin smooth ; 1 cephnlic spine and 1
postceplialic spine. Onbibodes, 1066.

HlMANTOLUPHIN'iS :

bb. Gills in } 2} pairs; body with scattered tubercular scutclla; uo second dorsal
spine.
g. Bmly and head compressed ; mouth obli.qno ; joint of mandible below or
behind eye ; eye rudimentary.
h. Body oblong, oval ; dorsal rays 9; pectoral 12. iriMANTOLOPHUS, 1067.
hh. Body short and deep; dorsal rays 4; pectoral about 17.

COEYNOLOPHUS, 1068.

aa. Mouth with enormous gape. .

MELAMOCETIN^ :

i. Cleft of month nearly vertical ; pectoral small, in advance of dorsal and of
gill opening; second dorsal spine wanting; gills in 2^ jairs.
j. Gular tentacle wanting; no teeth on vomer. Liocktus, 1069.

jj. Gular tentacle present; 1 tooth on the vomer. Linuphrynb, 1070.

Caulophrynin.*: :
it. Cleft of mouth nearly horizontal; pectorals below dorsal and behind gill
opening; gills in \ 2^ pairs.
k. Dorsal and anal greatly produced; skin naked; head and body with
many luminous iilaments. Caulopubynb, lOTl.

Mancalias, 1064.
crypt0psaba8, 1065.

Jordan and Evermann.— Fishes of North America. 2729

1063. CERATIAS, Krtiyer.
Ceratiat, Kb»YEB, Naturhlst. TitlHskrift. 2 Rrokko, i.eiW, 184-; {hnlholli).

Head and body much compressed and elevated, oblong;, covered with
prickly akin. Mouth wide, its cleft nearly vertical; teeth in jaws conir,
movable, of moderate size; no teeth on vomer or iialatiues. Gills 2^;
;ii!l arches unarmed. Spinous dorsal reduced to 2 spines, 1 on th<» head,
the other on the back, the basal clement of the second spine exsertod ; the
cephalic spine much elongate; soft dorsal and anal short; pectorals very
short, broad, of about 20 rays. Caudal fin much produ<>ed, fan-shaped,
with exserted rays. Pyloric cieca 2, small. Skeleton soft, iibrous. Green-
land. (KcparurS, oire that has horns.)

8100. CKBATIAS HOLBOLLI, Kruyer.

D. 1-1,4; A. 4; P. 19; CIO. Head 2f ; depth nearly 2 ; head deeper
than long; eyes small, not more than v'(T the length of the liead; free rays
of the head a little shorter than to the base of the caudal lin ; the forked
part of the caudal fin shorter than the length of the fish; the lengtli
uf the pectoral flc equals almost ^^ the entire length of the fish, the mem-
branes from the dorsal and anal fins posteriorly extend almost to the base
of the caudal fin. Color entirely black. (Kriiyer.) North Atlantic ; 4
specimens known ; 3 from Greenland, 1 from Nova Scotia. (Named for
C. HolboU, a Danish naturalist.)

Oeratiat hoWoUi, KrUyer, Katiirh. Tidsakr. 1844, 639, Greenland; GUntheb, Cat., ni, 205,
1801; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 847, 188J; Gooue &, Bean, Uceauio IcLtbyology,
480, pi. 117, fig. 394, 1806.

1064. MANC ALIAS, Gill.

Manealiai, Gill, Froo. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 227 (uranotcopus).

Typhlopsarai, GiLL, Forest and Stream, New York, 1883, Nov. 8, 284 (shu/eldti).

General characters of Ceratias, but with the spinous dorsal reduced to
a single rostral spine, and 2 fleshy daviform tubercles or caruncles behind
it. Pectoral fins narrow, with 10 to 15 slender rays, {mancus, defective,
" with a quasi-diminutive termination to correspond with Ceratiaa.")

a. Doraal caruncles placed before dorsal tin a distance 0 times in length of trunk from

gill opening to base of caudal. uranoscopds, 3110.

aa. Dorsal caruncles placed nearer (torsal, the distance from dorsal 4 } times in trunk,

as above. BHUFELUti, 3111.

It

3110. XANCALIA8 URAN0.SC0PU8 (Murray).

D. 1, 3 or 4 ; A. 4 ; C. 8 ; P. 10. Anterior spine of first dorsal produced in
a long filament, ending in a pear-shaped bulb, terminating in a semitrans-
parent whitish spot, this spine originating on posterior part of head, and
reaching, when depressed, nearly to the tip of tail; far behind this are 2
sliort, fleshy tubercles, lying in a depression in front of second dorsal.
Teeth moderate, depressiblc. Skin everywhere with minute embedded
conical spines. Eye very small, placed high on the middle of the head.
3030 94

iii. 5

'" : rllijf I'ilii^.i

I

flk

I

I

'■ill ■'■ '■:'■

S" . ■';■

/

" !

U'l \

■1 !

■ I

2730 Dnllctin ^7, United States National Museum.

C'olor uiiiforiii bltick. (Murray.) Tu this description Goode &. Bean a<1<l
from the same Hpo*-im«ai: "Aniil o])|)OHite second dorsal, the 4 median
oaudul rays being much larger than the othors and bitid; pectorals Hmall,
abov«i the gill opening; the upper jaw in formed by th(( intermaxillarieH,
and is armed, together with the lower Jaw, with a sericiH of teeth of mod-
crate siz«^, Avhich can be depressed as in Lophiiis. The skin is thickly
covered with minute embedded conical wpiues; the eyes are very Hmall and
are placed high upon the middle of the head." Mid-Atlantic, in very deep
water; 2 H))eeinien8 known, tin* type in 2,400 fathoms, taken between the
Canary and Cape Vorde islands, the wecond (26159) in .S72 fathoms oft' the
coaHt of Rhode Island in the Gulf Stream. {ovpavo6H67to(;, Htar-gaziug,
from the upturned eyes.)

Ceratias uranoseoptu, Mubkay, in "Wyvillo Tliompson, 'I'lio Atlantic, n, 67, llg. 20, 1878,

nnid-Atlantic, between Canary and Cape Verde Islands in 3,400 fathoms ; GCNTiiEit,

Clinllonger Report, xxn,54, pi. 11, fig. C, 1887.
2lancalias uranoteoput, Gill, Proe. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1878, 228; Goode, Proo. U. S. Nat. Miw.

1880,469; Jordan & GiLBEHT, Synopsis, 848, 1883; Goods & Bean, Oceanic Ichtliv

ology, 400, 1806.

8111. MA\CALIAS KHUFELDTI (Gill).

Maxillary i the length from gill opening to caudal base; intermaxillary
3^ times in this length. Form more slender than that figured by GUnther,
with 4 rays in the dorsal, and apparently 15 in pectoral. There are no
vomerines; intermaxillary and mandible armed with a narrow band of
depressible teeth of various lengths. The skin with a <ine granular
appearance and everywhere covered with minute prickles. The caruncles
only 2 in number and situated as in Mancalias nranoscoptis, as figured in
the Challenger fishes. Length of dorsal spine, without the joint besiring
the pear-shaped appendage, equaling distance from gill opening to rout
of tail; the joint bearing the appendage is f of this distance; in Mancaliax
urano8copu8 (No. 26159) the first dorsal, without the joint bearing the ap-
pendage, contains the distance from the gill opening to the root of the
tail li times. Th«« joint containing the appendage is ^ as long as the dis-
tance from the gill opening to root of tail. Dermal caruncles distant
from the dorsal a space equal to }-, of distance from the gill opening to root
of tail. In M. shii/eldti the caruncles are placed at a distance from the
dorsal a space contained 4^ times in the distance from the gill opening
to the root of the tail. In the specimens described by Goode & Beau as
Mancalias uranoscopua (No. 26159), the length 3^ inches, the length of the
maxillary is \ of length from gill opening to root of tail, and the inter-
maxillary 3^ times in same distance. Teeth in jaws depressible, in narrow
bands, and of unequiil size; vomer toothless. Two small caruncles not
far from front of dorsal fin, and instead of being placed opposite each
other, according to the usual arrangement, one is placed behind the other.
Skin covered with minute granules or pipilhe, each one surmounted by a
slendel' prickle, as in Typhlopaaraa. The pectoral of the individual de-
scribed contains 15 rays. The pectorals of T. shufeldti are imperfect.
(Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, off the coast of southern New England;

m

mMikmMsm

Jordan and Evcrmami. — Fishes of North America. 2731

1 Bpeoiinon known. (Named for Dr. Robert W. Sliufehlt, United States
Army, the well-known ornithotomist.)

Typhlopsaraii Mhu/eldti,* Gill, iToreHt and Struniii, Nov. 8, 1883, Western Atlantic (Type,

No. 33552) ; Jordan, Cat. Fiui m), 138, 1885.
Ceratiua ghnfeldti, GCntiier, Challcngor Report, xxii, Deop-Sea Fi8lie8,54, 1887.
Mancalia$ shu/eldli, Go<>Ui>: & llEAN, Oueanic Ichthyology, 490, fig. 4U1, 1890.

1065. CRYPTOPSARAS, Gill.
C'rj/ptoptarag, Gill, Forest and Stream, Nov. 8, 1883, 284 (couerii).

Body shortened; back longitudinally convex, «iy«>8 Hmall but couHpicu-
oub; untt^rior 8i)ine with conc^ealed basal Joint and ulongatrd t«'rminal
joint; a large intermediate globular iind a pair of subpcdunculated luteriil
dorsal appendages or caruncles close to the front of the dorsal liii; pec-
torals well developed, of about 15 rays. Deep seas. {Hpvnroi, concealed ;
modern Greek tpapa?, tisherman, in reference to the concealed rod bearing
the dorsal spine or fishing apparatus. )

8112. CRYPTOPSARAS COUESII, Gill.

The basal joint of the rod-like spine is almost entirely concealed and
procumbent, and the distal joint alone free, reaching backward to the dor-
sal tubercle ; the bulb is pyriform, and surmounted by a l<mg whitish fila-
ment; dorsal and anal each with 4 spines, the caudal 8 (the 4 middle
dichotomons) and the pectorals each about 15 rays. (Gill.) A specimen of
Crifptopsaras (No. 33558, U. S. Nat. Mus.) was obtained, by the Albatross,
from Station 2101, in Lat. 38° 18' 30" N., Long. 68^^ 24' W., at a depth of
1,686 fathoms. The typo of Cryptopaaraa couesii is only 35 mm. long. The
caudal is imperfect. The length without caudal is 30 mm. and contains
the greatest height 2^ times. The bulb on the dorsal spine when laid
backward can be made to reach to the dermal caruncles on the back. The
h'Hgth of the upper jaw is about i of the length without caudal ; gill
opening nearly midway between front of head and root of tail; mouth
placed vertically ; intermaxillary teeth occupying about entire length of
bone; mandibnlary teeth unequal in size; at symphysis of mandible a
pair of minute spines closely connected at base and slightly separated at
tlio extremity. Specimen No. 39483 is 58 mm. long; 47 mm. to base of
caudal. Greatest height 2'^ in length without caudal. Gill opening a
little nearer end of caudal than to front of head; distal portion of dorsal
spine about i length without caudal; median dermal caruncle very mu(rh

* The following is the original acconnt of Typhlopsarai:

^' Typhlopiara*. — Ceratiines with an elong.ited trunk, rectilinear back.ohsolete or no
eyes, far exserted basal Joint of the anterior snine and shortened terminal Joint, a small
ii'itormediate and a pair of pedunculate<l dorsal appendages some distance in advance of
tlie dorsal tin, and reduced pectoral fin with about 5 or 6 rays.

" Ti/phlopsarag tMifeldti.— The first Joint of the rod-like spine reaches to the axil of the
dorsal tin, and the bulb to the base of the caudal fin, when the spine is bent backward ;
the bulb is pear-shaped and without any appendages ; the dorsal has 4 rays, the anal 4,
the caudal 8 (the median 4 of which are forked), and there are 4 or 5 pectoral rays. A
single specimen was found. I have dedicated the species to my esteemed friend. Dr. K.
W. Shufoldt, U. S. A., the well-known ornithotomist.

" The name, Typhlopmras, is a compound from the Greek Tu<^Aof (blind) and ifiapas
(angler), meaning ' blind angler.'"

vi ■;(

■hi]
m

111

■■»y.iy5?|p5^t(ir;5

rMM.^ij^lf'y ■'15?'.'

■<•!

!■!

llif

■f^Lf

IP ■

(

i

;1 i

^B'il

'^^5

' 'if V

k

M

2732 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

larger than the two lateral ones ; skin covered with minute granules of uni-
form siz') ; pectoral with 16 rays, its length about ^ tnat of head ; leugth
of upper jaw about j|^ of tot-.l without caudal; pair of spines at symphysis
'^f mandibl/J re^.laced by a very small knob ; teeth in int-irmaxilJlary very
small, dibiinishiL-i; in number toward the symphyBis, apparently uniserial.
On ench sidt of head of vomer 2 or 3 depressible teeth ; palatines appar-
ently wanting. Wo have se^^n something like traces of similar teeth on
the vomer of Mancalia* uranoacopue, but owing to the condition of th<;
Hpcciinen can not bo certain about this character. (Goode & Bean.)
Gulf Stream, off tbo coast of New England. (Named for the eminent
ornithologist, Dr. Elliott Coucs.)

Oryptopiarax eouerii, Gill, Forest and Stream, Nov. 8, 1883, 284, Gulf Stream off New
Sngland (Coll. Albatross) ; Jobuan, Cat Fishes, T.38, 1885 ; Gocde & Bean, Oceanic
Ichthyology, 491, flg. 402, 1896.

Ceratias eouetiii, GOntiirr, Challengoir Report, xxn, 55, 1887.

/Ceratia* caruncMla<M«,GONTHEE, Challenger lleport, xxn, .}5,pl. ll,flg. d, 1887, south of
Yezo, Japan, in 345 fathoms; 1} inches long. (Coll. Challenger.)

1066. ONEIRODES, Liitken.

Oneirodet, LIjtkbn, Overs. Kong. Dausk. Vidensk. Seisk. Forliandl. 1871, 56 {esehriehtii).

Body compressed, oval, short, covered with smooth skin. Head com-
pressed, very large. Mouth moderate, almost horizontal, the joint of man-
dible behind eyes. Teeth unequal, depressible ; vomer with teeth. Gill
arches unarmed ; gills in 2i pairs. Splnouc dorsal represented by a cephalic
spine, the basal element of which is procumbent and subcutaneous, the
tip bulbous, and a second spine about midway between the rostral spine
and the Roft dorsal; soft dorsal and anal short; noventrals; no pyloric
cicca. Greenland, (ovetpcbdt/i, dream-like, in illusion to the small, almost
covered, eyes.)

8118. Or;EIRODE8 ESCHBIVHTII, Lutken.

D. 1-1,6; A. 8; C. 8. Terminal half of the bulb of the cephalic spine
whitish. Cephalic spine with a bulbous termination, surmounted by slen-
der filaments in several transverse rows. Caudal fin shorter than trunk
Avithont head. Color black. Deep sea, off Greenland. Known from a
single specimen 8 inches long. (Gill.) (Named for D. F. Eschricht, u
Danish naturalist, a student of the Cetacea.)

Oneirodes esehriehtii, LUtken, Overs. Dansk. Yidensk. ^elsk. Forhandl 1871, 06, 9-18, pi. 2,
deep s^a off Greenland ; Gill, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 218 ; Jordan & Oilbbki ,
Synopsis, 848, 1883 ; Goodb & Bkan, Oceanic Ichthyology, 4U2, 18S0.

1067. HIMANTOLOPHUS, Reinhardt.

Himantolophua, Rbinbardt, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Nat. 1837, 74 {graenlandieut).

Head large, compressed. Skin thick, with scattered, rjuiid, prickly
scales. Body oval, compressed. Mouth moderate, the cleft oblique, the
joint of the mandible below or behind the eyes. Gills in i 2^ pairs; gill
arches armed with dentigerous tubercles. Spinous dorsal represented

M i<fi-- .i*"«.'i. "ij-***. ^

Jordan and Evermann. — Ftshex of North America, 2733

only by a sin^^le long rostral spine, the basal element of which is procnm-
hent and snbcutaneons ; the extremity with numerous long filaments.
fSoft dorsal short, with 9 rays; unal short; pectoral rathor broad, with 12
niyB. Greenland, (///dg, a thong; Ad<po5, crest.)

8114. HIHAMOLOPHUS «K(ENLANDICUS, Reinhardt.

Depth 2^ in total length. D. 1-9; I'. 12. Body oblong oval. Cephalic
my provided with about 11 tentacles. (Gill.) Greenland. ''This species
lias never been fully described, the only existing example being an imper-
fect one, 23 inches long, obtained ctf the coast of Greenland, about 1837."

llimantolophitt graenlandietu, Reinhardt, DaT.3k.Vid. Selsk. Nat. Math. Afli. 1837, 74,
Greenland; Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1878, 218; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis. 849,
188.1.

1068. CORYNOLOPHUS, Gill.
Vorynolophus, Gh.l, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 219 (reinhardti).

This genus is scarcely distinct * from Uimantolophua, diiferiiig in tlio
short oval form, the short dorsal of about 5 rays, and the broader pectoral
with about 17 rays each. {Hopvvt}, club; X6<l>oi, crest.)

8116. COKTNOLOPUIIS BEIXHABDTI (Liitken).

Depth ij. D. 1-5 ; P. 17. Body short, oval ; cephalic ray J length of
head, with about 8 tentacles, which bra..oh out fv'>rming a brush at tip;
skin sparsely covered with thorn-like prickles. Greenland. One speci-
men known, 14 inches long. (Named for Prof. Johanu Keinhardt, natu-
ralist at the University of Copenhagen.)

nimantolophus reinhardti, LCtken, Kong. Uansk. Yiiiensk. Sclsk. 1878, 321, Greenland.
Vorynolophug reinhardti, Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1878, 219.

lo'Jg. LIOCETUS, Giinther.

Lioeetut, GUnther, Challenger Report, xx.., ."i?, 1887 (mitrrai/i).

Mouth jnormoua, the cleft nearly vertical; pectorals small, in advance
of dorsal and of gill opening; second dorsal spine wanting; gills in 2|
pairs; no giilar tentacle. This genus is similar to Mclanocetus, differing
in having no teeth on the vomer, a greater projection of the mandible,
and a smaller mouth. Deep sea. (Ac/^o?, smooth; Ki^ro;, whale.)

811A. LIOCETUS MURRAY! (Giinther).

D. 1-13; \. 4; C. 9; P. 14. (Giinther.) Extremely similar to iVc/cnocc/««
john8onii, but v.ithout trace of vomtirine teeth, while there is no distinc-
tion between the two species as regards dentition of jawa; posterior angle

*Dr. Gill, replying to certain striotares as to the validity of this genus, made by Lilt-
kon [who calls it a "want^tn ' subdivision], states that the "ditt'crencos alleged to exist
Ixttwutm Himantolovhtii and Gorynolophut are very marked. If they do exist as stated
t hero can be no doubt that the two should be kept apart. I know of no reason ekcept the
singularity and greatness of the ditfereuce specilied for doubting the correctness of Rein>
bardt's observations."

'l-^^i

^i

v^'^^sw^'^i!S^i^T'S?gsii^^t\^^mS-^^f

'^.^^

'i ■il

:/

I :i I

2734 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

of mandiblo projecting more and forming a salient point ; month compara-
tively leas wide, and the maxillary considerably shorter, being about \ of
total length, without caudal, while it is rather more than \ in the Madciraii
species. Eye rudimentary. One cephalic spine, shorter than maxillary ;
last dorsal ray connected by a short and delicat« membrane with caudal
fin ; most of the caudal rays bifid, the longest shorter than maxillary ;
pectoral fin as much developed as in Melanocetua johnnonii. Entirely black .
Total length 44 lines; length of mandible 14 lines; length of maxillary 12
lines; length of caudal fin 10^ lines. A young individual, 44 linos in
length, was taken by H. M. S. Challenger in the mid-Atlantic, at a depth of
1,850 fathoms (Station 106) ; another of 13 lines at the depth of 2,450
fathoms (Station 348). (Goode &, Bean.) (Named for Dr. John Murray,
second director of the civilian staff on board H. M. S. Chalhnger. )

Melanocetus bigpinosus, GUnther, Study of Fishes, 473, 1880; name only.

Melanoeetua (Lioeetus) tnurrayi, GOnther, Challenger Report, xxii, 57, pi. 11, fig. A, 1887,

mid-Atlantic.
Lioeetus murrayi, Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 495, fig. 407, 1806.

1070. LINOPHRYNE, CoUett.
Linophryne, Collftt, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1886, 138 (luei/er).

Head enormous ; the body slender, compressed, mouth oblique. Spinous
dorsal reduced to a single cephalic tentacle, the basal part of which is
erect, not procumbent. Teeth in the jaws on the vomer and the upper
pharyngeals. Gill openings exceedingly narrow, situated a little below
the root of the pectoral. Soft dorsal and anal very short; ventrals none.
Abdominal cavity forming a sac, suspended from the trunk. Skin smooth ;
a long tentacle on the throat. This genus differs from Melanocetus in the
presence of the gular tentacle, (\tvog, linen, net; <l>pvvT/, a toad.)

8117. LINOPIIBYNE LUCIFER, Collett.

D. 1-3; A. 2; C. 9; P. 14 or 15. A spinous projection or horn above
each orbit. Cephalic tentacle black, with a large ovate bulb, the upptu-
half of which is white; gular tentacle much larger, terminating in 2
tongue-like appendages, which are furnished on the upper edge with a row
of round, white papilla;. (Goode & Bean.) Mid-Atlantic, northwest of
Madeira, Lat. 36"^ N., Long. 20° W. One specimen known. {Lucifer, an
evil spirit; lux, light; fero, I bear.)

Linophryne luc\fer, Collbtt, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1880, 138, pi. 15, mid-Atlantic,
between Madeira and the West Indies (ColL Capt. P. Andresen. Mus. Univ. Chris-
tiania) ; GUntheh, Cliallenger Report, XXU, 37, 1887; GooDB & Bean, Ocebnio Ichtliy-
ology, 496, fig. 408, 1896.

1071. CAULOPHRYNE, Goode & Bean.

Caulophrfine, Goodb & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 496, 1806 (Jordani).

Head large, compressed ; mouth with the cleft nearly horizontal ; body
short, nmch couiprusRed. Spinous dorsal reduced to a single cephalic ten-
tacle, which is supported on a short procumbent base. Teeth of unequal
size in the intermaxillary and the mandible ; vomer, palatines, and upper

■i

p , V k t-.t^fct**-':,'...". :« I . . ,-«U .V,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2735

pharyngeals toothed. Gill openings narrow, horizontal slits pliice«l below
and in front of root of pectorals. BrancLiie in \ 2\ pairs. Branchial
arches armed with dentigcvoiis tuliercles. Skin naked. Numerous lumi-
nous filaments on head and body. Soft dorsal and anal many-rayed, the
rays greatly produced; caudal long, tapering; ventrals none; pectorals
very broad, sessile, postmedian, under dorsal (in, with numerous rays.
Pyloric appendage reduced to 1 small rudiment. Air bladder absent.
(uavXoe,, stem; ^pvvt}, toad, from the many sti^ms or fin rays.)

3118. CAULOPHBYNE JORDAN!, Goode & Bean.

Depth about 2 in length without caudal, the greatest h<;ight occurring
behind the head. Cephalic appendage with a pale tuft at its tip, the
length of the distal portion 3 in length of body. The tuft somewhat
mutilated, but showing no evidence of a laminated structure; basal por-
tion of cephalic appendage about twice as long as the very small eye ;
maxillary very slender, narrow, extending about as far backward as inter-
maxillary ; intermaxillary slightly protractile and with about 10 teeth on
each side, several of which are nearly twice as large as the rest, its
length 2^ in body; mandible as long as head without snout, with 8 teeth
on each side, the anterior pair and several other pairs along shaft of bone
being greatly enlarged ; a pair of enlarged teeth on head of vomer ; several
similar teeth on palatines ; upper pharyngeals armed with several strong
teeth ; eye very small, inconspicuous, its distance from tip of snout e^^ual-
ing nearly \ its distance from soft dorsal origin. Intestine shorter than
length without caudal. Soft dorsal with 16 rays, all of which, except the
last 4, are greatly produced; the second, third, and fourth rays longest,
nearly twice as long as body. Anal with 14 rays, all of which, except
last 3, are much produced, the fin not quite perfect, yet its anterior rays
are longer than body ; caudal with 8 rays, the 4 inner ones divided, the
rest simple; middle rays of caudal as long as distance from tip of ^ower
jaw to base of pectoral; pectoral comparatively short, with 16 simple
articulated rays, the longest about \ as long as head. About 9 luminous
filaments on each side of head, 7 more between nape and dorsal, and about
12 on sides; the filaments nearly twice as long as eye. Head and body
black ; caudal, cephalic tuft, and most of the rays pale. Gulf Stream.
The type of the species (No. 39265) was taken by the steamer JlhatroHS,
September 19, 1887, in Lat. 39° 27' N., Long. 71° 15' W., 1,276 fathoms.
(Named for David Starr Jordan.)

Oaulophryne jordani, Goodb & Bean, Oceauio Ichthyology, 496, pi. 21, flg. 409, 1896,
Gulf Stream, off Carolina, in 1,376 fathoms. (Coll. AWatroag; tbo plat« named
Caulophryne getosus, by slip in proofreading.)

Family CCXXIV. OGCOCEPHALID.^.

(The Bat-Fishes.)

Head very broad and depressed, the snout more or less elevated, the
trunk short and slender. Mouth not large, subterminai or inferior, the
lower jaw included; teeth villiform or cardiform. Gill openings very

,*:Iri^j'S^«e|f4?a^^^J?'^^^Js'

s-^Er^sf'l!f?!»raK'??.<^»r,-'

i i • i

2730 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

small, above nnd behind the axils of the pectoral fins. Body and head
covered with bony tubercles or spines. Spinous dorsal reduced to a small
rostral tentacle, which is retractile into a cavity under a prominent proc-
esti on the forehead; in 1 genus the rostral tentacle is obsolete; soft
dorsal and anal Uns small and short; veutrals well developed; pectoral
fin well developed, its base strongly angled, with long pseudobrach ta
and 3 actinosts. Branchiostegals 5 ; no pseudobranchisB. Genera 8; spe-
cies about 30, chiefly American, some of them in the deep sea. (Pe&iculati,
part; genera Malthe and Halieutcea, GUnther, iii, 200-205, 1861.)

OOCOCEPHALIN^ :

a. Disk with the frontal region elevated and the snout more or less pro<laced forward,
the tail stout; orbits lateral; teeth on vomer and palatines; rostral tentacit;
present.

h. Oills 2i ; disk longer than broad. Oococephalus, 1072.

hh. Gills 2} ; disk broader than long. Zameutbs, 1073.

HALIEDTINiK :

aa. Disk with the frontal region depressed, not elevated above the rest; eyes partly
superior; snout rounded, obtuse in front; tail slender,
c. Dorsal fin present.

d. Vomer and palatines with teeth. Halieittichthys, 1074.

dd. Vomer and palatines toothless,
e. Disk subcircular ; gilH2i.

/. Month rather large, aubvertical ; prickles rather strong.

Ualiect.£A, 1075.
ff. Mouth rather small, terminal ; prickles feeble.

Haliectella, 1076.
««. Disk Bubtriant,ular ; gills 2 ; prickles very strong.

DlBRANCHCS, 1077.

1072. OGCOCEPHaLUS, Fischer.
(Sea-Bats.)

Ogeoeephalua, FrscHER, Zoognosia, 78, 1813 (veipertilio).
Oncoeephalut, Gill, modified spelling.

Malthe, CuviBR, Ri^gne Animal, Ed. i, 11, 311, 1817 (veapertUio).
Maltheea, corrected spelling.

Body stoutish, tapering backward; head very broad and depressed, tri-
angular in form, the forehead elevated and produced. Eyes large, lateral.
Mouth rather small, subinferior under the snout ; villiform teeth in bands,
on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Skin covered with rough, bony tubercles.
Dorsal and anal fins very small ; rostral tentacle present, retractile into a
cavity under a bony prominence on the forehead; ventrals present, I, 5,
well separated; pectorals large, placed horizontally. Gills 2J. No air
bladder; no pyloric ceca. Tropical America, in shallow water; small
fishes of singular form, often regarded by the ignorant as venomous.
{oyxoi;-, hook; xe^aXr}, head; properly written Oncocqfhalua, but Fischer
chose the above monstrous spelling.)

a. Snout produced, the rostral process pointed, 6 to 10 In length of body.

VESPERTILIO, 3119.

aa. Snout short, the rostral process 12 to 15 times in length of body. nasotus, 3120.

aaa. Snout short, the rostral tubrrnle reduced to a button-like tubercle, which is about

25 times in length of body. raoiatus, 3121.

' : 1

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2737

3110. Oflt'OCKPHALUS VE8PEBT1LI0 (Linntnua).

(Bat Fish; Diablo.)

Head, from tip of iipper jaw to gill opening, nearly ^ the length; depth
5 in length from upper jaw to base of caudal; width \\. D. 4: A. 4; ros-
tral process from 6 to 10 (9 in our specimens from Havana) ; P. 4i; V. 6;
C. 4^. Body stontish, much depressed, rostral process longer than in the
other species, variable in length; mouth small, the maxillary reaching
nearly to posterior margin of eye; villiform teeth in bands, on jaws, vomer,
and palatines; interorbital ilattish, its width less between anterior edge of
eyes than posterior edge ; rostral groove longer than broad ; body covered
with bony protuberances, variable in size, and not very definite in posi-
tion, lower parts with a shagreen-like covering; posterior edge of pec-
torals much behind middle of body ; ventrals long, reaching outward to
edge of the disk-like, anterior part of body ; origin of dorsal over posterior
edge of pectoral ; anal under the vertical of tips of dorsal rays, anal reach-
ing nearly to base of caudal. Palo grayish brown above, reddish below ;
back with round black spots, conspicuous in life, but growing fainter and
sometimes disappearing in spirits ; belly in life a coppery red ; pectorals
nearly plain dusky. Length 12 inches. West Indies, north to the Florida
Keys; common in shallow water. Here described from a specimen from
Havana, Cuba, about 10 inches in length. The length of the snout is
subject to great variation, but it is never short and button-like, as in O.
radiatuB. (veapertilio, a bat. )

Lophiud vespertilxo, lAUHMVB, Syat. Nat., Kd. x, l, 236, 1758, American Seas ; after Lophiut

fronti unieorni of Autedi.
Malthcea veapertilio, Cdvier &■ Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Foiss., xii, 440, 1837 ; prominence

on auoiit 10 in lengtli ; 1)e Kay, N. Y. Fauna : Fishes, 167, 1842 ; GUntbeb, Cat., ill, 200,

1861; JoBDAN & GiLKERT, Syopsis, 850, 1883; Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.

1884, 234.
TjophiuH rostratus, Shaw, ZooL, iv, 383, pi. 163, 1803.
Malthcea longirostrit, Cuvier &. Yalbnciennbs, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 452, ia37, Bahia

(Coll. Blanchet) ; snout 6 in length.

8120. OflVOCEPHALUS NASUTUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Head 2. D. 4; A. 4. Rostral process short, about 12 to 15 times in
length of body. Cavity of nostril tentacle higher than broad; width of
body 2 in length ; vent behind middle of body. Dusky above, with round
black spots, edged with whitish. West Indies. (Liitken) ; not seen by
us; perhaps a variation of O. veapertilio. {naautua, long-nosed.)

Malthcea nusuta, Cuvier & Valenoiennes, Hist. Nat. Poisa., xii, 452, 1837, Martinique.
Malthe namta, LUtken, Nat. For. Vid. Medd. 1865, 4 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 850,

1883.
Malthcea notata, CnviBR & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 453, 1837, Surinam ; snout

15 in length; body spotted.

■ ■Oi'U ! '

m

ilii

I'
ll

m

■ilfli

■I'll

1 'h

''i'kM

,i^>fy^lw^'!FiTy^^yj^i^Bgiwygfg»»;;ggg^»^

■ii

i ;1

iilf.

4.1

1 i

1 ;'.5

lilt

2738 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

3121. OMC'OCEPHALUK RAOIATUS (Mitcliill).
(Short-nosed Bat-Fish.)

Head 2. Dorsal 1 ; A. 4. Rostral cavity somewhat broader than high,
or width eqnal to height; distance between anterior angles of orbitH
about ei^ual to that between the posterior angles; eye a little wider than
interorbital width ; snout, exclusive <A rostral tubercle, not produced
beyonJ the rostral cavity, but with a cylindrical button-like tubercle,
slightly contracted at base, pointing obliquely upward and forward, its
length 25 times in body ; posterior edj;o of pectoral slightly nearer base of
caudal than upper jaw ; caudal peduncle very thick and heavy ; vent
about midway between tip of jaw and base of caudal fin. Color brownish,
with dark round spots sometimes edged with white; pectorals with a net-
work of white lines dividing the dark color into dark brown spots; tip
of caudal blackish, belly coppery red. Length 8 to 12 inches. Coast of
Florida and neighboring waters; very common in shallow bays among
weeds, especially about the Florida Keys. Here described from a speci-
men from Cedar Key, Florida, 7 to 8 inches in length. {raA%aiu%, rayed.)

Lophiui radiatus, MrrcHn.L, Amor. Monthly Mag., March, 1818, 326, Straits of the

Bahamas.
Malthe cnbi/ront, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., in, 103, 1836, said to be from Labrador

(Coll. J. J. Audubon), but this is certainly an error; Audubon collected also in

Carolina and Florida; GUnthbr, Cat., iii, 203,1861; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 850,

1883; Jordan, Cat. Fishes, 139, 1885.
; MaUhcea truneata, Ccvier & Valknciknnks, Hist. Nat. Foiss., xii, 454, 1837, America ;

snout wholly obsolete; perhaps a species of Zalieutes.
Mtilthcea aiigmta, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 454, 1837, Dutch Guiana;

sncat more than 20 in length.

1073. ZALIEUTES, Jordan & Evermann.

Zalieutes, Jordan & Evermann, Check-List Fish. N. and M. A., 511, 1896 {elater).

Disk wider than long, about as long as rest of body (including caudal
fin) ; middle line of head elevated, but the forehead not projecting beyond
mouth ; rostral tentacle present, the cavity about as wide as high ; mouth
small ; minute teeth on vomer and palatines. Gills 2^. Eastern Pacific.
The genus is very close to Malthopais, Alcock,* but the latter, like Ogco-
cephalm, has the disk longer than broad, but the gills are redaced to 2.
(CrtAj;, surge of the sea; aAtci>r^5, fisher.)

3182. ZALIEUTES ELATER (Jordan &. Gilbert.).

Body very broad and depressed, the disk considerably broader than
long, its width 1^ times in length of body ; back and snout considerably
raised above rest of body; greatest depth of body scarcely more than
width of mouth. Month small, its width ^ greater than diameter of
orbit; snout very short, scarcely projecting beyond mouth, its length

* MaUhopnit, Aixx)CK, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1891, 26 ; MaUhopnit lutetts, fVom the
Andaman Sea: Malthoprit mitriger, Gilbert & Cramer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 434,
with plate, off Hawaiian Islands.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2739

aboat eqaal to interorbital width, shorter than its own width in front.
Eye rather large, much longer than snout, wider than interorbital area.
Process representing flrst dorsal spine present, small. Skin covered with
opines, which are comparatively slender and sharp, their stellate bases
inconspicuous, those on snout and middle of back and tail largest, much
slenderer and sharper than in Oycocephalns veapertilio; no spines on oc<^lli
of back; belly rough; under side of tail with tubercular plates; tail
depressed toward base of fin. Pectorals ^ longer than ventrals, their
length If width of mouth ; caudal a little longer than pectoral, 4^ in
body. Color light olive, above everywhere thickly and uniformly cov-
ered with small round spots of dark brown, these about an largo as the
pupil and about as wide as the lighter interspaces; a conspicuous ocel-
lus, larger than eye, on each side of back, this ocbllus with a bright
yellow spot in the center, surrounded by a black ring, around which is
a pale ring, and finally a fainter dark one; under parts plain white;
pectorals spotted; caudal yellowish at base, with a terminal blackish
band. Length 4 inches. Pacific coast of Mexico, south to Panama, in
water of moderate depth; very rare near the shore, but obtained in abun-
dance by the Albatross at Stations 2794 and 2795, near Panama. (Elattr,
the spring beetle, from the resemblance of the ocelli to the eye-like spots
on the back of Elater.)

Malthe elater, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1881, 365, Mazatlan. (Typo, No,

28127. Coll.Dr.J.U. Bastow.)
Ogeoeephaltu elater, Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 506.

1074. HALIEUTICHTHYS, Poey.

Halieutiehthyi, Poet, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 83 (reticulatus).

Disk subcircular, anteriorly cordiform, the head merging into the body,
very large and much depressed ; cranial portion not elevated ; interorbital
space low and narrow ; eyes partly superior ; mouth terminal, horizontal,
the jaws subequal, the lower jaw nearly semicircular; teeth fine, on jaws
and palate. Gills 2|; no gill rakers; gill openings anterior to pectoral;
rostral tentacle very small, retractile ; dorsal and anal few-rayed ; pecto-
rals large, the carpus slender; cau.lal rounded; skin above sparsely
armed with stellate tubercles; lower surface smooth. (oAievrT/;, fish'^r;
ixOvi, fish.)

a. Surface of body covered with brownish reticulations ; flns not barred with blaolc.

ACUI^ATCS, 3123.

aa. Surface of body blackish, not reticulate ; pectorals with a broad black bar niesially,

the tip pale; caudal blackish toward the tip. CARiBBiGUS, 3124.

8128. HALIEUTICHTHYS ACCLEATUS (Mitchill).

D. I, 4 or 5; A. 4; V. I, 5; P. 16 to 18; C. 9; gills 2^. Disk cordiform,
about as wide as long, its length more than f that of body. Body covered
above with s^sut conical spines with stellular bases, largest upon the
trunk, upon which they are arranged in about 2 irregular longitudinal

■■l.:i:.ff i:

'^.i^isz-ysx^'fj^ ^-^-^^^^r^^tk

7m:?3r^iT^-:5T^3=^,if^'V

2740 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

W

rows on eacli side of the dorsal; upon the disk they are placed above the
principa,! bonea of the skeleton, most abundant upon its cranial portion ;
a single row of stout spines, usually 3-pointed, on the outer margin of
disk, a particularly large one at each outer angle; body entirely smooth
below; snout very short, obtuse; bridge over the rostral cavity covered
in front with a 3-pointed spine, having on each side a simple spine ; short,
stout, simple spines upon each supraorbital margin, the front of which is
immediately above and behind the cavity containing the nostrils; vertex
with several similar spines ; many spines closely placed upon the humeral
area ; numerous short tentaclea upon margin of disk and on sides of trunk ;
supraoral cavity elliptical, small (horizontal diameter } diameter of orbit),
containing a well-developed, club-shaped, very perceptible tentacle; width
of opening of anterior nostril, which is in a short tube, | that of posterior
nostril, which is not tubular; width of mouth much less than distance
between pupils and equaling diameter of orbit. Diameter of orbit 8^ times
in distance from snout to base of caudal, 6 times in distance from snout to
origin of soft dorsal, 6^ times in distance to origin of anal, 3 times in dis-
tance to base of ventrals, and 6 times in distance to angle between pec-
torals and trunk, i^ times in distance from snout to gill opening, 6 in
greatest width of disk, and nearly 2 in that of trunk ; width of interorbital
area ^ diameter of orbit. First dorsal ray longest, equal to diameter of
orbit; anal fin inserted under third ray of dorsal, with 4 rays, the third
or longest very slightly longer than the longest dorsal ray ; ventral iins
inserted nearly under the middle of the disk, with 1 rudimentary and 5
dorsal rays, increasing in length posteriorly, the last and longest con-
tained 5 times in total length ; distances between origins of ventrals 6^ in
total length ; pectorals with peduncles entirely included in common mem-
brane, with blades far back, horizontal, lying close to trunk, composed of
16 rays, the middle or longest 3f in total length ; caudal (in rounded, com-
posed of 9 rays, the external rays, 1 above and 2 below, simple, the others
bitid ; length of middle ray equal to that of trunk (measured from junction
of pectorals to base of caudal rays) and slightly exceeding the longest
pectoral ray. Length of intestine contained 1^ times in total length.
Color, body covered above with reticulations of brown, the general hue
varying from light yellowish gray to grayish brown, the markings being
darker upon darker specimens ; pectoral and caudal fins with about 3 dark
bars; the terminal bars in young very black; body beneath milky whita
(Goode i& Bean.) West Indies, Gulf of Mexico, and Gulf Stream, in water
of moderate depth; taken by the lilahc and the Albatross at numerous
stations in depths ranging from 10 to 95 fathoms. ''As in Halieutwa,
Dibranchua, and allies, a rostral tentacle is present in this genus. Among
specimens belonging to the Mnseum of Comparative Zoology there is evi-
dence of the existence of a couple of distinct forms in the West Indian
waters. The true H. aculeatus is much the lighter in the ground colors
and has brownish reticulations across the back, 2 or 3 narrowish trans-
verse bands of the same color across the pectorals, and 2 or 3 similar bands
appear on the caudal, the posterior being darkest. The margins of the
fins axe light in color. The rostrum is aonte; it ends in a sp^e which

1 I ! "I :' '.,,

i s;, s,

I

(I

Jordait and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2741

turns upward, aud, seen from above, it is hardly long enough to cover the
tentacular uiche. Evidently this type bclougs to tho shallower waters.
The localities noted carry its distribution from the Bahamas to the
Yucatan Banks, in depths of 40 fathoms and less." (Garmau.) {acuUaim,
with needle-like spines.)

Lophius aculeattu, Mitohill, Amer. Hon. Mag., n, 1818, 325, Straits of Bahama.
Ualieutichthya reticulalut (Poey MS.) Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 186U, 01, Cuba

(Coll. Prof. Felipe Pooy) ; Jobdan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 851, 1883.
Ilalieutichthys aculeatus, Goodb, Proc. U. S. Nnt. Mun. 1879, 109; Goode & Bean, Oceanic

Ichthyology, 504, pi. 122, flg. 414a and b, 1896; Gabman, liiill. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa

Univ. 1896, 87, pi. 4, flg. 1.

3124. IIALIEUTICHTHYB CAKIBB£US, Gannan.

D. 1-5; A. 4; V. 5; P. 17; C. 9. Color darker tha" H. aoulcatua; the
reticulations are not present; the outer half of the pectoral, except at the
margin, is black ; and, excepting the narrow posterior margin, the hinder
fifth of the caudal liu is black ; the upper surface is clouded brownish
without traces of the network pattern common to H. aculeatiia. On the
specimens described, the rostrum is acute, and the spine extends forward
to cover the cavity receiving the tentacle so that it is not visible when
viewed from above. West Indies. As now known, this species ranges
from Jamaica to Barbados in depths of 70 to 150 fathoms or more.
(Garman.) {caribbwua, from the Caribbean Sea.)

HtUieutiehthys earibbceut, Gabmam, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ. 1896, 87, pi. 4, flg. 2,
Jamaica to Barbados.

1075. HALIEUTiBA, Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Halieutcea, Cdviek & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii,455, 1837 (atellatvt).

Head very large, broad, depressed, its outline nearly circular ; (deft of
the mouth wide, horizontal; jaws with small cardiform teeth; no teeth on
vomer or ^)alatines. Skin everywhere covered with small, stellate spines.
Forehead with a transverse bony ridge, beneath which is a tentacle,
retractile into a cavity, the only rudiment of the spinous dorsal fin ; soft
dorsal aud anal very short, far back. Gills 2\, the anterior gill arch with-
out laminse. Branchiostegals 5 ; vertebra) 17. Pacific Ocean. {aXievrrfi,
one who fishes.)

8126. HALIEUT£A SPOXGIOSA, Gilbert.

D. 6; A. 4; C. 9; V. 4; P. 12 or 13. This species is remarkable for the
soft, spongy texture of the body, and the membranaceous or cartilaginous
character of its bones. Width of head 1^ in its length; tail long and slen-
der, the vent midway between base of caudal and articulation of mandible ;
width of base of tail 4^ in its length ; mouth little or not at all overpassed
by the snout, its width 2f to 3 in that of head, lower jaw usually not
included; gape of mouth oblique, almost wholly anterior. Teeth in wide
cardiform bands in the jaws, none of them enlarged; palate toothless,
luterorbital width slightly greater than length of snout, 5 in width of

•\M

l?IT^"^Ti-" ■^^^^t^=

Jf JTrTTTI ra™~-™;"; "

*?P7T'T?^

. ' I

;>

1^!. i

2742 Dullctin ^7, United States National Museum.

heud; oyo 1} in interorbital width. Rostral timtaole aliort, with nii
expanded 3-lobed tip ; front of dorsal midway between base of caudal and
ooinpnt; caudal long, rounded, the lower rays more shortened than th<-
upper, the longest nearly i width of head; anal ^ays iiigh, flosely bound
together, the lin slender, shaped like the intromittent organ of Gambuna,
the length of its base equaling \ diameter of orbit, its longest ray reach-
ing base of caudal ; pectorals long, the posterior rays rapidly shortened,
the longest i width of head ; head and body everywhere with broadly
conical, tubercr.lar plates, varying in size, marked with strong lines,
radiating from the center; the apex sometimes blunt, more often provide<l
Avith a slender spine, sometimes bitid or trifid ; on the tail these spines
become longer and are directed backward; plates along edge of disk not
compressed nor specially modified. A deep groove-like channel just
behind mandible and following curve of latter, becoming continuous with
another deeper channel running just below edge of disk to near base of
pectorals; a third groove runs backward from nostrils, uniting with the
others, these grooves spanned at intervals by pairs of fleshy tentacles
with fringed tips, which spring from the edges of the grooves and meet
across them ; at the bottom of the grooves under each pair of tentacles is
a small fleshy tubercle. Fin rays, ftt least at base, with series of small
curved prickles. Color uniform dusky, the tail sometimes lighter; fins
blackish, more or less edged with white. One specimen with the body
and tail uniformly light. Pacific coast of Mexico in deep water. Numer-
ous specimens, the largest 4^ inches long, from Alhatroas Station 2992, in
460 fathoms. (Gilbert.) («/>on*/io8u«, sp(mgy. )

Halientiea spongiosa, Gilbert, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Muh. 1890, 124, west of Revillagigedo
Islands, at Albatross Station agga, Lat. i8° 17' 30" N., Long. 114° 43' 15" W., in 460
fathoms. (Coll. Gilbert.)

1076. HALIEUTELLA, Goode & Bean.

Halieutella, Goode & Bean, Free. Biol. See. Washingtou, 1882, 88 (lappa).

Body subcircular, depressed, its width equal to its length, covered with
flaccid, inflatable, skin. Spines feebler and less numerous than in Halwuttea.
Head merged in body; forehead with a transverse bony ridge; no percep-
tible supraoral cavity ; no tentacle. Mouth amall, terminal ; lower jaw
slightly curved forward. Teeth in the jaws minute, cardiform, not dis-
cernible on palate, though possibly present. Carpus broad, slightly ex-
serted ; pectoral fins remote from tail, obliquely placed, with membranes
subvertical. Branchial aperture posterior to carpus, upon the disk, and
not remote from its margin. Gills 2^. Dorsal fin 5-rayed, inserted at
junction of disk with caudal peduncle; anal fin 4-rayed, originating at
root of caudal peduncle. {dXtevrrfp, a fisherman.)

8126. HALIEUTELLA LAPPA, Goode & Bean.

D. 5; A. 4; C. 9; P. 15; Y. 5. Disk subcircular, more than f as long as
the body. Body covered with a loose, flaccid, inflatable skin, which so
obscure its proportion, that it is impossible to determine its exact height,

it ! 1 '

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2743

i>iit it is not nearly bo much dt^presHed as in tbn related ^{(mora. When the
body is inflated the height and lunjrth of th«^ disk iH nearly equal. HpinoH
ratbur feeble; about 10 between snout and dorsal (in; about 6 strong
spines, with conical bases and stellular tips, on outer margin of disk un
oat^h side, the anterior of them being opposite the eye; in front of these
spines on the discal margin, and between them and the snout, are several
small, simple spines, pointing backward; belly armed with spines similar
to those on the back, but weaker; a stellate spine upon tip of snout, with
2 weaker, simple spines on each side; nasal openings midway between
eye and tip of snout; mouth small, npon the margin of the disk; upper
jaw shorter than diameter of eye. Teeth as described in the generic diag-
nosis. Dorsal fin inserted at posterior limit of disk, with 5 simple, artio
ulatcd rays, its longest ray \ as long as disk; anal fni with 4 simple,
articulated rays, inserted directly beneath fonrth ray of dorsal, its second
and longest ray \ as long as disk; caudal twice as long as anal, and
slightly longer than caudal peduncle, with 9 simple, articulated rays.
Carpns inserted at a distance from snout equal to twice length of longest
pectoral ray, which is slightly greater than distance of posterior margin
of carpus, at its jnnotion with disk, from vent; number of pectoral rays
15; ventral inserted at a point equidistant from the snout and origin of
anal, its longest ray (the fourth) equal to i distance of anal fin from
snout. Color yellowish white. Gulf Stream. A single specimen, 1^ inches
long, known, (lappa, the burdock, from its prickles.)

Italieutella lappa, Goodb &. Bean, Proc. Biol. Soc Washington, n, 1882, 88, Gulf Stream,
at Fish Hawk Station 1151, Lat. 39° 58' 30" N., Long. 70° 37' W., in 125 fathoms;
Goodb & Bban, Ocoanio Ichthyology, 500, pi. 122, figs. 5r2a and 512b, 1896.

1077. DIBRANCHUS, Peters.

Dibranchtu, Peters, Monatsber. Kon. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1876, 736 {atlantietu).

Head merged in body, very large, much depressed, forming a broadly
ovate disk, with margin laterally prolonged; cranial portion not elevated;
the interorbital area low, narrow, with orbits partly superior; supraoval
cavity large, protected above by a transverse bony ridge. Mouth ter-
minal, horizontal, wide ; lower jaw convex ; teeth in cardiform bands, none
on vomer or palatines. Gills 2; no gill rakers; gill openings small, ante-
rior to pectorals. Rostral tentacle retractile, trilobate at tip. Skin with
numerous strong stellate spines above and below, those at margins of disk
especially strong, 3-pointed. Atlantic ; distinguished fr'^-' related genera
by the reduction of the gills to 2 pairs. (Sii, two; ^pdy x.oi, giU.)

8127. DIBBANCHV8 ATLANTICTS, Peters.

D. 6 or 7 ; A. 4 ; C. 9 ; P. 13 to 15 ; V. I, 5 ; Br. 6 ; gills 2. Disk orbicular,
nearly as wide as long, its length about } that of body, its lateral outline
prolonged on each side, and terminating in a strong spine armed at the
tip with a group of irregularly arranged acicular spinelets. Body covered
above with numerous- stout conical spines with stellular bases, these

11

m i

:. V ■■r5iJ^ ^-^1^:^^^^

2744 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

m

\ i

l/it'

r»

largest upon the trunk, whun; tliey uru iirrunged approximately in about
4 irregular lou^itudinal rows upon each Hide of the dorsal fin; <-lo8uly Hut
rowH of theHO Htout spines mark the outer margin of th*^ disk, and there in
also a cluster of 5 to 7 upon each carpal peduncle; outside of these uiur-
giual spines, upon ouch side, is an irregular nuirginu! ro'v of 5 depressed
knife-like spines, each tipped with a crown of 3 acicular spinelets; un
the anterior margin of the disk the 2 rows coalesce to a greater or less
extent and form a bristling array of closely set spines, some pointing dor-
sully, some laterally, some ventruUy; 2 kinds of spines upon the dorHjil
surface, in addition to the large ones already described, some large, some-
what remote from each other, conical, stellular; others, much more numer-
ous and filling the interspaces, i)ickleliko, stellular; belly armed with
numerous olosely-sot spines of u similar kind; snout somewhat projecting,
armed with 3 many-tipped spines; a spine-armed ridge in front of the
eyes, over the top of the snout ; in this 4 spines are conspicuous, 1 in front
of each eye, and between these u larger pair in front of the supraorbital
ridges; from these last mentioned spines extend s]>ine-armed ridgea along
the upper margins of eaoh orbit; under the snout is a cavity (horizontal
diameter | that of the orbit) containing a barbel, pediceled, with thick,
club-s^iaped, trilobate tip ; on each side of this cavity are the nasal open-
ings, which are as in Halicutichthy$. Width of mouth equal to distance
between centers of pupils of eyes. Diameter of orbit contained as follows
in other dimensions of the body: In total length 9^; in distance from
snout to dorsal 6; same to anal 7; the base of ventrals 3; to angle be-
tween pectorals and trunk 5^; to gill openings 5; in greatest width of
disk 5^; of trunk 4. Width of interorbital area in diameter of orbit j.
Dorsal fln with 6 or 7 rays, the longest (third) 1^ times diameter of orbit
and 6 times in total length ; anal iin inserted entirely behind dorsal, with
4 rays, the longest (third) about as long na longest in dorsal fin; ventral
fins inserted nearly under middle of disk, a little nearer vent than to
mandibular symphysis, with 1 rudimentary and 5 well-developed "iys,
increasing in length posteriorly, th«; last and longest 6} times in total ; dis-
tance between ventral organs 7^ in total length. Pectorals with pedun-
cles slightly exserted, bases included in common membrane, composed of
13 to 15 rays, the longest third or fourth 4| in total. Caudal fin rounded,
consisting of 9 rays, all bifid except the 2 external ones ; length of middle ray
about i that of trunk and ex(!eeding that of pectoral, being contained 4^
times in total length. Stomach egg-shaped, intestine somewhat longer
than body ; liver very wide and large. Color uniform reddish, gray above,
slightly lighter below. Deep waters of the Atlantic ; very abundant, in
^boat 300 fathoms. Known from the west coast of Africa, off the Cape
Verdes, off Barbados, and north in the Gulf Stream to Newport, {atlan-
tiou8, of the Atlantic.)

Dibranehu* atlantieui, Peters, Monatsber. Kon. Akad. Wisa. Berlin 1876, 736, with plate.
West Africa, Lat. io° N., Long. 17° W., in 360 fathoms (Coll. H. M. S. Oazelle) ; GUN-
TiiER, Challenger Report, xxii, 69, 1887 ; Y aillant, Travailleur, etc., 343, 1883 ; Goode &
Bean, Oceanic Ichtliyology, 501, pi. 122, fig. 413, 1896.

i ' I

Itt,

ADDENDA.

Page 12. \{ter Entoaphenua tridentatuH add:

ll(»). KNT0N1>HKNIIN CAMTSCHATKTK (Tiloalna).

A Inmprey taken by Steller in the Holschayii Hiver, Kamchatka, liaa nut
been recorded by subseqnent writers. It ih reported by Stollvr aH 13^
inche» in length; the head ^ of an inch; month ioun, Avith 2 teeth above,
t) bolow; dor8ala2. Color Bhinin); brassy, dark above; nides with dunky
serpentine lines. A flgnre published by Tllosins shows the upper teeth as
bitid, and i) tooth below.

Pallas describes spouimons from the sea at Petro]>aulski as 7 in«^bes long,
not marbled nor variegated. The species of Steller is probably an Hilton-
plienua. That of Tallas may be the same, or it may be a Lampetra, allied
to or identical with L. anrea.

I'etromyzon marinus cuvitsehalicui), Tilbsius, MCtni. Aotul. St. Potursbiirg 1800, 240, with

plato, Kamchatka.
Petromyzon eamttehaticuf, Tilbsius, I. o., 241.

Lampetra variegata (Stbli.kr MS.) Tilbsius, 2. c, 247, Bolschaya River, Kamchatka.
IFetromyzon marinus camtsohatieut, Pallas, Zoogr. Itoss. Asiat., in, 1810, 67, Petro-

paulski

Page 14. From the synonymy of Lampetra wilderi omit '^Petromyzon
branohialia, Giinther, Cat., viii, 504, 1870," and after the last synonym add:
Not /'. branchialia, Linuoius, which is the larva of some European species,
perhaps of P. marinua.

Page 25. In the description of Catulna liter the tt^etb should read f,'l
instead of ||$.

Page 27. In the key, under dd, read : Root of tail with a conspicuous
notch aboTo.

Page 28. The following key to West Coast species of (ialetia and Muh-
telua will prove helpful.

a. Eye large, npiracle small, tho latter not more than ^ mqjor diameter of orbit.

b. Month broad, anoat broadly rounded, mandibulai angle of 00° or more. Fins

leas deeply inciaed ; the lower caudal lobe rounded ; pectoral and ventral

margins nearly straight. Galeus OALiPORNicua, 33.

bb. Month narrow, snout long, acute, mandibular angle 60° to 65°. Fins deeply

incised ; lower caudal lobe acute ; pectoral and ventral margins concave.

MUSTILUS LONULATUS, 30.

aa. Eye small, spiracle large, the latter 2 to i the m^or diameter of orbit. Snout sharp,

mouth narrow, the mandibular angle about 70°. Terminal lobe of caudal broad,

obliquely truncate posteriorly. Kostrils very large, their widih nearly equaling

width of interspace. Fins less incised. Galbus dorsalis, 32.

3030 95 2745

'<t

fil

:xfi^p^iSffEt^it:'™^3^Bi;?^^

rrrf^^^m^fm ■

Wm^!^

m-

^

pf^H^«.,

m

^^jg|.

}..i

W||!

274C Biilletm ^7, United States National Museum.

Page 37. After Carcharhinu» henlei add :

46(a). CABCHAKHINUS CKRDALE, Gilbert, n«w species.

Body moderately compressed, not elevated, the depth at front of dorsal
not icore than i gieater than the oblique anterior margin of dorsal fin,
less than distance from the nostril to first gill slit. Head depressed, the
snout flattened, long and narrow, acute ; length of snout beyond montli
^ to tV greater than distance between angles of mouth in all bnt one (the
largesu) of our specimens, in which it is slightly less than width of
mouth; ^ to ^ greater than distance from tip of lower jaw to a line con-
ne<-ting angles of mouth ; | to iV greater than width of snout opposite
outer angle of nostrils. Interorbital width equaling distance from tip of
snout to front of eye in young, to middle or posterior border of eye in
older individuals; less than i distance to first gill opening. Middle of
eye nearer nostril than angle of mouth by | to It its diameter; distance
from eye to nostril i or slightly more than | distance from nostril to tip
of snout; middle of nostrils much nearer front of mouth than ti|» of
snout; nasal flap with a very narrow, short, acute lobe, placed at end of
inner third of flap; outer angle of nostrils nearly at margin of snout, the
inaer angles separated by a distance equaling or slightly exceeding that
between inner angle of nostril and back of eye. Lips very little devel-
oped, the lower entirely concealed in closed mouth, the uppei visible as a
very short fold. Teeth in lower jaw narrow, erect, sexnlate on both
margins, more coarsely so toward base; the serration more conspicuous
in oi\r smallest specimens (450 mm.), and is obsolescent on scmie of the
teeth in adults; teeth in upper jaw broadly triangular, in front of jaw
narrower and erect, those in sides of jaw ^-rowing at onc«^ broader and more
and more oblique; the lateral teeth with a strong notch on the outer side;
both margins strongly serrate, tue serrations increasing toward base, one
or more of those below notch sometimes enlarged and cusp-like in
adults; teeth about ^f. Conspicuous areas of large and of small ]>ore8 oii
underside of head. Gill openings 01 moderate width, the longest equal-
ing distance between eye and nostril, the fifth much shortened, about i
length of first. Eye small, equaling length of nasal opening, If to 2 in
middle gill slit. Pectoral short and broad, the posterior margin not
strongly incurved ; tip of fin extending to a vertical intersecting dorsal
base at origin of its posterior thf-d or fourth ; anterior margin of pectoral
3 times length of inner or posterior margin, the latter less than widtli of
base; first dorsal beginning behind a vertical from axil of pectoral a dis-
tance about equaling that which separates eye from nostril; free margin
of fin gently concave, the anterior angle extending to a point midway
between basa and tip of posterior lobe, when the fin is depressed ; base of
first dorsal 2^ to 2j| in interspace between dorsals; base of second dorsal
7 in interspace between dorsals, 2^ in its distance from cnterior margin
of pit; origin of second dorsal falling over or behind middle of anal
base, the fi:i but slightly concave, with rounded anterior angle, its poste-
rior angle much produced, the ]>osterior margin exceeding b.ise of fin,
which about e(|uals length of anterior margin; anal inserted more ante-

w

LM- side ;
, one
ike in

)or('a on
equal-
ibout J

tu 2 iu

i<in not
dorHiil

»ectoral

idth of
a dis-

niargin
idwa.v

base of
dorsal
lar^rin
anal
poste-
of Rn,
ante-

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2747

riorly than second dorsal, its base longer, its margin much more deeply
concave, the length of base contained about Ijf times in its distance from
lower caudal lobe; lower caudal pit in advance of the upper; caudal
broad throughout, the lower lobe not falcate, slightly less dV to i) than
A length of upper lobe, which is about 4^ in total length. Shagreen
coarse. Color varying from light to dark gray al ove, the belly and lower
part of sides whitish; fins all dusky or grayish, the caudal often with a
blackish border; pectoral with or without a black tip, the latter when
present not as conspicuous as in C. o'thatorua, usually not extended into
inner face of tin. A specimen 730 mm. long has the claspers undeveloped,
evtending slightly beyond margin of ventrals. Another specimen, 850 mm.
long, has the claspers fully developed, extending beyond the margin of
th»' ventrals for a distance of 50 mm. Strongly resembling C. wthalorus,
with which it is associated in the Bay of Panama. It is distinguishable
at sight by the narrower gill slits, broader and less falcate fins, and by
the much less conspicuous black tips to the pectorals. The dentition is
very dissimilar in the two, and makes it necessary to arrange them in
(liferent subgenera. Abundant at Panama, wLere numerous specimens
were secured. (Gilbert.) (KC/aSd/lr/, wary, ibx-like.)

Carcharhinun, sp. indescr., Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 363.

Oareharhintueerdak, Gilbert, Fi8he» of Punaiua, MS. 1898, Panama. (Type, Ko. 11884,
L. S. Jr. tlniv. Mus. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

Page 39. Carcharldnaa nioarat)uen8i8 or its marine original form was
found in abundance in the Bay of Panama by Dr. Gilbert.

Page 41. After Caroharhinus oxyrhynchus add :

54(b). €ARCHARHI\US YRLOX, Gilb<!rt, new Hpecios.

Preoral portion of snout slightly more than 1| times width of mouth, 5
times distance between nostrils, 1| times width of snout opposite outer
angles of nostrils, li times interorbital width, 2^ times distance from chin
to line joining angles of mouth. Nostrils transverse iu position, the inner
angle nearer mouth than tip of snout by a distance slightly less than length
of nostril. Front of eye equidistant from nostril and front of mouth, the
middle of eye nearer angle of mouth than nostril ; diam«!t«'r of eye h'ss than
nostril, elightly more than i longest gill slit. Snout very porous. Folds at
angleof mouth slightly longer than usual. Gill slits rather wide, the middle
one 1| times diamt ter of orbit. Teeth of lower jaw very narrow, erect,
very minutely serrulate, appearing entire except uuder a ^ins Teeth in
upper jaw very oblique, wide at base, with a deep notch on outer margin,
the terminal cusp rather narrowly triangular. Pectoral broadly falcate,
theanteri«)r margin convex, the distal edge concave, both angles rounded;
tip of pectoral reav-hing a bhort distance beyond base of iirst dorsal;
mtcT ' tr margin of pectoral 2i times the posterior (inner) margin, about
U times the distal edge; first dorsal inserted about the diameter of orbit
behind a vertical from axil of {leotoral, nearer pectoral, therefore, than
ventral; anterior margin «'<mcave basally, conv»'x on distal half, the ante-
rior angle rounded; free margin concave, largely owing to the much pro-

•i.f:

I .. :i< ':!

*-1

,M'

ff

.-I'f^

:!*,■■

:i<i

^?»sraf?!??!!^!!^:5!^ipp^!^'W»'-

-mi s

U ' •*' \ ■

v>'-^

2748 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

duced acute poaterior lobe; vertical height of fin excoeding length of bnso,
tlui nntorior lobe very high, extending beyond tip of posterior when th(^
fin is declined, equaling \ length of anterior margin of pectoral; poB-
terior margin of dorsal 3^ in the anterior margin; base of first dorsal
contained 2} times in interspace between dorsals; base of second dorsal 6i
times; margin of second dorsal gently concave; front margin low, the
angle broadly rounded, barely reaching posterior end of base when fin ih
declined ; posterior lobe much produced and acute, slightly longer than
base of fin, the latter 1^ in the distance from its base to front of caudal
l>it; upper lobe of caudal 3f in total length, the lower lobe 2^ in the
upper; terminal lobe of crudal 3^ in the upper lobe; anal larger thau
second dorsal, higher, with deeply incurved margin, its base a littl<>
longer, its origin slightly in advance of that of second dorsal, the pos-
terior insertions of the two fins net>i'ly opposite ; length of anal base lv|
in its distance from anterior edge of caudal pit. Color bluish above,
whitish or grayish below ; free margin of pectoral narrowly white, the
anterior edge narrowly bordered with black, most evident when seen
from the outer surface, the inner surface being dusky; first dorsal un-
marked, the second dorsal with dusky anterior lobe ; tipper edge of caudal
black, the lower margin faintly dusky; fins otherwise unmarked. A
single specimen, a female 4 feet long, was procured from the Pananiii
market. As preserved, it is partially skinned. The following measure-
ments were taken when the specimen was intact, before preservation.
• Where not agreeing with 'limensions given above, the latter will be found

more reliable :

Inches.

Tipofftnout to insertion of dorsal 16^

Base of fl ret dorsal 4g

Vistaiico betwMn dorsals 11

Base of second dorsal \\

From second dorsal to front of caudal pit 2|

Front of caudal pit to tip of caudal 13 J

Tip of snout to axil of pectoral 15

Axil of pectoral to fronoof base of ventrals 11 J

Front of ventrals to front of anal 6J

]<Yout of anal to front of caudal pit 4 ,",

Uirth at front of lirst dorsal 17J

Disti iguished from other known sharks of the Pacific coast of America
by the excessively long, slender, acute snout, the slender body, and the
very long caudal flu. Panama; only the type known, {velox, swift.)

Oarcharhinus velox, Gilbert, Fiahes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. (Type, No. 11893,
L.S.Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

Page 42. ScoUodon longuno has the teeth serrulate at base only. The
base of the first dorsal is 2% in the interspace between the dorsals.

Page 44. Sphyrna Hbiiro occur also in the Pacific. We have recently
secured specimens at Mazatlan, where S, tiidet and S. zygcuna are also
found.

Page 47. Carcharias Htioralis reaches a length of 8 feet 7 inches. (Spe<--
imens from Beaufort, North Carolina. Coll. H. U. Brimlcy.)

Inches.
... 16i
... 43
... 11
... 13
... 2J
... 133
...15
... Hi
... 6J
... 4,",
... 173

(Spot

af

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2749

Page 49. Lamna cofnubica, the salmon shark, is a))undaut and destruc-
tive to salmon on the coasts of southern Alaska, especially about Kadiak,
where it was seen by us.

Page 53. Under Sqitalidw, read ovoviviparous for "oviparous."

Page 54. Squalua sucklii has been but once recorded from leering Sea.
(Bering Island. Coll. Dr. L. Stejneger.) It in very abundant at Kadiak.

Page 60. Priatia perrotteti is not authentically known except from
the rivers of Africa. Our west coast species is doubtless distinct and
should stand as Priatia zephyreua. Printia peotinatiia occurs northward at
least to Beaufort, North Carolina. (Specimen 12i^ feet long. Coll. H. H.
lirimley.)

Page 61. After the synonymy of Priatia pecHnatiia insert :
80(a). PRISTI^' ZEPHYRKUK, Jordan \- Sfarks.

(I'EZ I)E ESPADA.)

Snout to nostrils, 3 in length to base of caudal; breadth of saw at
anterior end between first 2 pairs of teeth i breadth of its base behind
tlie last pairs; teeth on saw trenchant behind, arranged in 22 pairs;
liinder taeth wide apart, the interspaces 5 times tlieir base; posterior teeth
turned slightly backward, a groove on their posterior edge; front tieth
not quite | as long as the saw is broad at their base ; distance between
first and second tooth 3 times base of first. (Other speeimenb examined
for us by Dr. O. W. Rogers show 18 to 21 pairs of teeth.) Eye equal to
spiracle, contained 3 times in base of saw jnst behind last pair of teeth;
width of mouth a little greater than base of saw ; mouth with about 65
8(>ries of blunt teeth ; slant height of pectoral in front a little more than
Iialf distance from tip of snout to mouth. Dorsals subequal; first dorsal
inserted in advance of ventrals, about i its base over ventrals; caudal
with a lower lobe, which is equal to slant height of pectoral; tail with a
Ivcel on side. Color plain olive gray above, light below. Measurements:
Length 50 inches; caudal 7 inches; pectoral 7 inches; <lorsal front 5^
inches; snout without nostril 11 inches. Type: A skin in L. S. Jr. Univ.
Museum. Common in brackish waters at the month of the Kio Presidio,
where 1 fine specimou was obtained. The species is also rec«>rded (as
I'liatia perrotteti) by Dr. Gillx'rt from Mazatlan, and by Dr. Giinther from
Chiapas. Dr. Giinther identities this species with PtHatia perrotteti dencrihed
by MUller & Henle, from the Senegal River. In view of the great differ-
ence in the fauna of the Gulf of California from that of equatorial
.\frica this identification may be questioned, especially as there &re
several details in which the description of /'. perrotteti difiers from our
specimen.

rritlxB zephyretu, Jordan &. Starks, FiaheM of Sinaioa, 383, 1895, Mazattan, Mexico.
(Coll. Uopklua £xp«d. to Sinaioa.)

/If

{:'■

ii

li

I? I'

•^1 i'

i

if

}:i I

\'Pll

l|- I

'»^Wf!«sp^Bi^!7^;!^»?^^^!5S'^r^^ -a^.

2750 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum,

J ; ■

Page 62. After Rhinohatua lentigiiioaua, add:

81(a). BHINOBATUS STELLIO, Jonlan & Butter.

Disk triangular, its greatest width a little less than i the distance from
snoiit to dorsal, and equal to distance from snout to a line connectin<r
points of greatest width. Sides of disk straight, tip of snout rounded, pos-
terior point of pectoral more broadly rounded than snout. Length of snon t
equal to, or a little less than, i greatest Avidth of disk, equal to dis-
tance between outer points of anterior gill openings; interorbital widtli
4 to 4f in snout, a little less than length of eye and spiracle, but about
equal to length of nostril; interuasal width equal to orbit; spiracle ^^
length of eye, a prominent curved papilla and a slight ridge in its poste-
rior side. Anterior nasal valve with a long slender flap extending across
the nostril ; 3 broad flaps on posterior side. Rostral ridges separate for
their entire length, width between them at base equal to width of spiracle.
Mouth nearly straight, its width 2| in its distance from snout and equal
to distance between inner folds on posterior side of spiracle. Eye 4| to
5^ in snout. Width of body at axil of pectorals 1^ in snout. Dorsal fins
about equal in size and shape, the distance between them 2^ times base of
first, the distance between the origins of the two fins equal to snout and
about equal to distance from axil of pectoral to origin of first lorsal.
Sides of tail with a conspicuous fold. Skin above with a fine uniform
shagreen, nearly smooth below except near margins of the disk. A series
of very small spines above eye and spiracle, 1 or 2 minute spines on
shoulder girdle ; the largest spines of body situated along median line of
back, extending beyond first dorsal ; no spine on snout, but in 2 of the 3
specimens there is a pair of minute spineless plates near its tip. Color
dusky brown above, about 7 faint dusky bars on the side of the tail behind
first dorsal ; uniform pale below ; large translucent areas on each side of
the snout; back with numerous small light spots, much smaller than
pupil, arranged symmetrically but not in the same patterr on the 3 type
specimens; 2 or 3 pairs between eyes, a few pairs behind eyes near median
line, some below eye, where they approach nearest the margin of disk,
usually 1 or 2 on median line, sometimes 2 are confluent, about 40 or 45
pairs in all; axil of pectoral in 1 specimen with a dusky blotch on upper
side. This species is most nearly related to lihinohatua glauooatigma of the
Pacific coast, dift'ering in having a narrow interorbital, narrower body
behind disk, and in the very difierent color. The description is based on
3 specimens, each about 20 inches. Jamaica, (aiellio, the starry one.)

JlhinobatiU atellio, Jordan &. Butter, Proc Ac. Nat. Sci. 1897, 01, Kingston, Jamaica.
(Type, No. 11851, L. 8. Jr. CTniv. Mns. Coll. Joseph Seed Roberts.)

Page 66. To the synonymy of Kujn add: Cephaleutherua, 'RafineHqae,
Indice, 61, 1810 (maculatiia).

The genus Cephaletitherm, Rafinesque, was, as Dr. Gill has shown (in
lit.), probably based on a monstrous example of the genus Jtaja, i"> which
the pectoral fins were not developed on the snout. It should be trans-
ferred to the synonymy of Jiaja, leaving Myliobatia as the generic name of
the Eagle Rays.

iy rf

IHM : it'll iii

r '"■

fordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2751

Page 74. After Eaja equatorialia add :

104(«). RAJA R08I8PIXIS, Gill & Townsend.

Snout moderately i>rodnced, with a soft, moderately narrow, rostral car-
tilage and a bluntish tip; interorbital space nearly plane; snoot with a
number of plates having stellate bases about middle, and many smal uv
asperities, leaving onlj' the borders of the pectorals and ventrals naked;
larger spines with stellate bases are interspersud between the disk and the
pectoral rays; back with sparse, coarse prickles; a row of about 26 thorn-
like spines, with radiating ridges, extends from the interhumeral area t'>
the dorsal fins; 2 spines on each shoulder, 1 spine above antocular region,
another above poptocular region, and another behind it about i the dis-
tance ; skeleton soft. Bering Sea ; only the type known. (ro8eus, rosy ;
apinit8, spine.)

Raia roiitpinis. Gill & Townsknd, Proc. Biol. Soc. "Wash., xi, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 231,
Berin^, Sea. (Type, No. 48702, U. S. Nat. Mua. Col\. Albatr out.)

Raia obtuia,* Gill <S. Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc. "Wash., xi, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 231,
Bering Sea. (Type, No. 48703, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.)

104(b). RAJA INTERRUPTA, Gill & Townnend.

Snout moderately produced, with a very soft attenuated rostral carti-
lage and a blunt tip; interorbital space concave ; mouth small; the width
e'lual to i preoral area; entire back covc^red with very small embedded
spines, extending nearly uniformly over the disk and snont, leaving only
the tip of the latter naked ; a row of compressed, acutely curved, smooth
spines along middle of back, extending from the interhumeral region to
dorsal, but inteirnpted along the posterior half of disk, where the spines
are absent or obsolete; about 4 spines are in the anterior portion and the
series recommences on a line with the emargination >r>f the disk; a single
spine on each shoulder and occasionally a rudimentary second; no special-
ized supraorbital spines. Bering Sea ; only the type known, {interriip-
tu8, interrupted.)

Raia interrupta. Gill & Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 2112,
Bering Sea. (Type, No. 48760, U. S. Nat. Miih. Coll. Albatrots.)

Page 75. Raja aleittica and Raja abyasicola were described by Gilbert
( not Gilbert & Thoburn) in Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm. 1893 (Dec. 9, 1896), 396
iiud 397, pis. 20 and 21.

* The followine is the original descriptiou of this nominal species:
Snoutnot at all produced, but very bluntly rounded ; iutcrorbitul spare narrow; mouth
»mall, rectilinear; minute distant prickles on the snout, the anterior portion of ilisk and
)iiterorbital area, as well as in a broad median band extending on tail todornal and com-
niencinit at the interhumeral area; a row of scarcely enlarged acute spines above the eye;
iin uninterrupted row of unguiforni spines with smooth bascH extending from the inter-
humeral area to dorsal fin ; 2 similar spines arm each choulder. lierini; .Sea ; only the type
known, ((iill and TowuHund.) To which we add : Spines in longitudinal series 23 to 25;
width of mouth IJ in preoral urea; width of disk 1} times its length; tail a little longer
than disk ; interorbital width 3 in snout; snout from eye 3j{ in disk to end of base of ven-
train. Color plain brown, rather pale. One sjiocimeii it inches long, a very young male
in very bad condition. Evidently the young of R. roititpivis.

■i;

1-''

''h'^'i'i

'V'i

m-

"^B?-J

H

^753 'm-?.'?

KTj^

■ ;''H

W'-'-

' ' .Ij

pi"

! !

iSi

'* i-

1' ■

a ,■;.'■

li !i5

i;

III

'«-. !

i Iti

ill:

2752 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Page 78. After Narcine hraailiensia iusert :

llS(a). NABVINK ENTKMKDOK, Jordan & Starka.

(Entbmedor.)

Snout 3| in length of disk ; preocular part of snont equals preoral ;
interocnlar space in snout 1^ ; width of mouth 2^. Eye much smaller
thau spiracle; spiracles edged with small tubercles. Length of disk
equal to its width ; disk equal to length of tail, without caudal fin ; tail
with a loose fold of skin on each side. First and second dorsals equal,
rounded behind ; ventrals large, ending midway between posterior edge
of disk and caudal iin. Color pale olive brown, a little clouded witli
darker; second dorsal edged with pale; dots on head dusky. Two speci-
mens taken in the estuary at Mazatlan, and a third procured by Mr. James
A. Richardson in the harbor of La Paz. Specimens had al^o been obtained
by Dr. Gilbert, at Panama, in 1883, but having been destroyed by fire, the
species has remained undescribed until recently. Length of largest speci-
men 20 inches. (The Spanish name Entemedor seems to be equivalent to
Intimidator.)

Narcine entemedor, Jordan & Starks, Fishes of Sinaloa, 386, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico.
(Type, 'So. 1699, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Siualoa.)

Page 81. After Urolophua nehuloauss^Ad:

116(a). IJBOLOPHUS UMRBIFKB, Jordan & Starka.

Disk round, not wider than long, its length greater than tail; snout
pointed, not exserted. Snout from eye 4| in disk ; eyes e<iual to spiracles ;
moutli 2 in distance to tip of snout; caudal spine inserted in front of mid-
dle of tail; skin perfectly smooth. Color brown above, with blackish
cross shades or bars, radiatin;'' from the shoulder ; a dark band behind
eyes, and 1 from eyes; caudal fin dark. Mazatlan. One adult female
specimen, the uterus containing 4 young. Occasionally taken with
Vrolophu8 mundus, but much less common. This is probably not identical
with Garmun's Uroloplms nebiiloaua, being perfectly smooth and difi'erent
in color, (umbra, shade:; fn'O, I bear.)

Urolophut umbrifer, Jordan &. Starkb, Fishes of ^..ualoa, 389, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico.
(Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.)

Page 82. Urolophus nsteiiaa, Jordan & Gilbert, is identical with Urolo-
phiia mundiia (Gill), ns is shown by specimens recently collected by D..
Gilbert at I'anama.

120(a). UBOIiO^HUS BOOEBSI, Jordan & Starks.

Disk broader than long by a distance 2^ times the iuterorbital width ;
anterior margins of disk nearly straight, the tip of snout projecting ; snout
from eye 3| in leagtb of disk; eye little smaller than spiracles: width of
mouth 2i times in preoral part of snout; caudal spine inserted in front
of middle of tail; skin with minute prickles on margin of pectorals and
on middle of back, leaving smooth arc:<o near middle of pectorals and

«*i^.!ira

Jordan mid Evermami. — Fishes of North America. 2753

over uranchial archen ; 16 to 20 large spinulcs along median line of back
and tail. Color plain brown; caudal fin darker, edged with white.
This species dift'ers from Urolophiia aaterias in having a wider disk, more
acnte snout, much smaller prickles, and fewer Hpinules on back and tail.
Mazatlan. Three specimens obtained in the Astillero, the longest 18 inches
in entire length. (This species is named fur Dr. George Warren Rogers, a
scholarly physician, native of Vermont, but long resident in Mazatlan.)

Vrolophug rogerri, Jordan &. Starks, Fishes of Sinaloa, 388, 1395, Mazatlan, Mexico.
(Tyi>e, No. 1700, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Miis. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.)

Page 88. In the key at top of page for Rhinopterinw read Myliobatina:

iW

m 1

II I

,!n:,,

132. AETOBATUM LATICEP8 (Gill).

This species is probably not different from A. narinari and may be
omitted. We iind no differences between specimens from Mazatlan and
the West Indies. The following description is based upon Mazatlan speci-
mens :

Length of disc If in width; proximal i of anterior margin of pec-
toral fins straight, distal i convex ; posterior margin concave, the end
of each ray forming a small scallop ; lateral angle sharp. Snout forming
an angle, from its tip to division of nasal lobes, 1^ times bresidth of head;
width of snout 1^ times distance from its tip to the division of nasal lobes ;
nasal lobes projecting back over the mouth ; width of mouth 1^ its dis-
tance to tip of snout; numerous blunt buccal papilhe around upper den-
tal plate and on ridge between nostrils; interorbital 4^ in disk; eyes
smaller than spiracles, which are as long as base of dorsal. Ycntrals well
rounded, 3f in length of disk ; tail 3^ times disk. First caudal spine
equals base of dorsal, which is | second spine. Color bluish black
with many round yellowish spots scattered equally over the back and
ventral fins ; spots about as large as eye on back, smaller on head, some-
times two spots run together forming an elliptical spot, about 16 spots
from eye along anterior margin of pectoral to lateral angle; posterior
margin of pectoral very narrowly margined with white; ventral side
pearly white. From the description of Aetohatua laticepa this species
difiers in the following respects: Disk not so 1>road; tail not so long;
width of head and snout less; ventrals not truncated behind; pectorals
not margined with blackish ; spots on ventrals not assuming the form of
ocelli. (Jordan.)

Page 87. For the description of Picroplatea crebripuncfata in text sub-
stitute the following:

Width of disk twice length to posterior end of anal slit; snout forming
ii regular curve from a little in front of middlo of pectorals, a very small
blunt projection at tip ; anterior margin of disk convex near snout and
lateral angles, pectorals concave medially; posterior margin weakly con-
vex; posterior angle broadly rounded; lateral angle sharply re uuded ;
distance from snout to a line drawn through lateral angles, 2i times in
distance to tip of tail. Interorbital a little wider than its distance to tip
of snout ; eyes twice spiracles ; mouth e«iuals puout, 6i in disk. Tail rat-

ii

Ills

t.'.i 1

m

"

i '

■ Hi'

! !
t •

i~#S?J?UE^E^P3S?HPS^S^*?^!!^5f^ !■■"'

r-TTT

i'.

i : »Ji

\l '

k'1

'%.l

2754 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

like, with a Roarcely perceptible fold of skin on its dorsal aide. Ground
color olive brown, everywhere with small dark points, not so close set as
in Pteroplatea vara, indistinct grayish spots, ^ as large as iris, scattered
over the body among the dark points, thesn spots more distinct on
anterior edge of disk; tail mottled with darker; lower parts light.
Markings nowhere so distinct as in P. rava. Very common on sandy
shores everywhere a^ioiit Mazatlan, from which locality it was originally
described; also taken by Dr. Gilbert.

Page 87. After Pteroplatea marmorata add :

180(«). PTKROPLATKA RATA, Jordan J^ Storks.

(Mantaraia Colobada.)

Length of disk li width; snout forming an angle which is almost a
right angle; pectorals slightly concave medially; poisterior margin of
disk weakly convex; posterior angle not broadly rounded, but curved in
somewhat suddenly ; lateral angles acute. A line drawn through lateral
angles would bisect a line from snout to tip of tail. Interorbital 1^ in
snout; eye H in spiracles; mouth 7 in disk, 1^ in snout; tail straight
and slender, with a very slight fold on dorsal side. Ground color light
olive brown, thickly set with sharp-cut black points; conspicuous gray
or white spots, | as large as iris, scattered over the body, around which
the black spots form rings ; brighter yellowish spots and half-spots around
atiterior edge of disk ; tail mottled above with darker ; lower parts chiefly
light orange red or rust-colored in life. All the markings are very distinct
and clear cut, the reddish of the belly conspicuous. Mazatlan. One speci-
men 12 inches long, (ravua, reddish.)

Pteroplatea rava, Jordan & Starks, Fisbea of Sinaloa, 390, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico.
(Type, No. 1587, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coil. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa.)

Page 90. After MyliobaUs californious add :

184(a). MTLIOBATIS ASPEBRIMUS, Gilbert, new species.

Upper surface of head and body, excepting the snout, an area on outer
side of spiracle, the pectoral margin and its posterior angle, and the ven-
tral lins thickly covered with minute, usually stellate prickles, of uniform
size, most numerous on median portions of head and back; those on basal
\ or f of pectoral least crowded and arranged in definite longitudinal
series, corresponding with the muscle bands; tail very rough throughout,
covered with similar stellate prickles and also crossed by numerous narrow
grooves, or indented lines, mostly convex forward, somewhat irregular in
position and direction, and not corresponding on the two sides. In the
type they follow at an average interval of about 10 mm. Lower side of
disk mostly smooth, with some prickles on the basal part of pectorals
anteriorly, arranged in lengthwise series, and other patches on lower side
of head, belly, and base of ventrals. Color dusky brown above, the
anterior portion of pectorals \(rith 8 to 10 narrow transverse bars of bluish

\ 1

■m^^

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2755

white, moHt of which break up into series of spots toward outer inargiu
of disk, the posterior ones also breaking np toward middle line ; the bars
and spotH fainter anteriorly, becoming whiter and more intense posteriorly ;
toward outer angles of disk the bars sometimeH separated by intermediate
series of ligut round spots, the bars usually failing to meet across the
back ; posterior portion of disk including base of tail and upper surface
of veutrals covered with round white spots not much larger than pupil,
some of those immediately succeeding the bars sliowing a transverse serial
arrangement; top of hea<l with one or more pairs of in<listinct light spots;
margin of snout and of pectorals lilackish ; spiracular border black ; dor-
sal with a black blotch posteriorly ; underside of head and disk bright
white; proximal portion of tail blackish above, lighter lielow, the entire
tail becoming black more posteriorly.

Dimentions of type specimen.

MillimeterH.

Length of diak to front of anna 272

Length of diak topuaterior edge of pectorals 338

Width of disk 345

Length of tail (not perfect) 1, 215

Greater width of head at origin of pectorals 79

Width of cranium between orbits 45

Width of snout opposite front of eye 55

Tip of snout to middle of nasal flap 60

Lengtl) of naaal flap 26

Greatest widtli of nasal flap 35

Diameter of iris lOJ

Width of mouth 33

Distance between anterior gill openings 75

Distance between posterior gill openings 45

Distance from anterior to posterior gill openings 45

Length of spiracle !26

Length of fontanelle 60

Greatest widtli of fontanelle (at anterior end) 23

Rostrofrontal fontanel scarcely constricted anteriorly, the bounding
ridges diverging abruptly at their anterior ends. Nasal flap with a shal-
low median notch, covering the month except the median portion of lower
dental plate; posterior margin coarsely fringed. Teeth in each jaw in 1
bkoad median row, and 3 lateral rows, those of median row about 5 times
as broad as long anteroposteriorly.

One specimen, a male, with undeveloped claspers which do not nearly
reach edge of ventrals, from Panama. (Gilbert.) {asperrimua, very rough.)

Mylwbatia atperrimus, Gilbert, Fishes of I'ananiu, ilfi. 1898. (Typo, No. 11895, L. S. Jr.
Univ. Mus. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.)

184(b). MYIilOBATIS GOODEI, Garroan.

Disk about f as long as broad ; lateral angles acute, bluntly rounded at the
apices ; posterior angles ( f pectorals nearly right ; snout very broad, short,
with a slight prominence in front; the iln, or flange, beneath the eye at
the side of the hea«l is very wide, much wider than in either M.freminvillei
or M. cal^f'ornicua; eye very small, without a prominence above in either

i!l

m

T

2756 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum,

>/^

i ...

i- : \ I

r iii:!'

main or fninale (immature specimens) ; tail less tban 2 and more than 1}
times length of the disk; dorsal Hn smaller than that of freminvillei ; teeth
in 7 series, nincli shorter and narrower than those o( freminvillei, third row
abont 2 and middle row about 4 times as wide as long. Body smooth.
Entire length 29 inches; snout to end of ventrals 11.5, vent to end of tail
18.5, and wid^h of disk 17.5 inches. Olivaceous, darker on the center;
white below. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has a large specimen
which agrees well with this description. Compared with M. freminvillei,
this species has very small eyes, the pectoral below the orbit is wider than
the eyeball, and the tin in front of the skull is but little wider than at its
sides. In freminvillei the eyeball is twice as wide as the fin beneath it,
and the flu in iront of the skull is much wider than below the eye. Com-
paring specimens of about the same size, of the same sex, o{ freminvillei,
californicHs, and goodei, the latter is readily distinguished from the for-
mer two by the broad flange at the side of the head, the small eyes, the
small teeth, and the broader lateral angles of the pectorals. Central
America. (Garman); probably on the Atlantic Coast. (Named for George
Brown Goode.)

Myliobatis goodei, Garman, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mug. ]88S, 39. Central America. (Types, Noh.
9524 male, and 9529 female.)

Page 91. Family XXVIII should stand as Aodontidw, the name Mantulai
being used for a family of OrthopUra,

Page 92. After Aodon hypoatomua insert:

m (a). rEBATOBATI!<i, Boulenger.
Oeratobatis, Boclenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. xx, Augniit, 1897, 227 (robertaii).

Characters of Dicerohatis, Blainville, but the teeth restricted to the
upper jaw. {Kepdi, horn; Bcxrti, ray.)

188 (a). VERATOBATIS R0BERT8II, Bonlenger.

Band of teeth occupying only i width of mouth, its width 10 times in
its length; teeth tessellated, hexagonal, 2 to 3 times as broad as long,
rugose with numerous obtuse ridges; mouth inferior, wide. Pupil verti-
cally elliptic. Body smooth ; pectoral fins with nearly straight, slightly
convex anterior and slightly concave posterior border; cephal' fins meas-
uring a little less than width of month; spiracles behind the eyes; space
between last branchial clefts i that between first ; dorsal fin between the
ventrals; tail slender, without spine, nearly twice length of body.

Millimeters.

Length of disk, without cephalic appendages 850

Width of disk 780

Cephalic ttn 90

Width of month 106

Diameter of eye 12

Ventral fin 70

Tail 620

Black above, white beneath. Jamaica. One specimen known. This ray
grows to a very great size, but specimens are almost imposr>ible to obtain,

]'k.

the

780
90

106
12
70

020

8 ray
itain,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2,lbl

owing to the HnperBtitions feur of the fisherraen. (Named for Rev. Joseph
Seed Roherts. )

Ceratohatit roberttii, Boulbnorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. xx, August, 1897, 227,
Jamaica. (Type in British Mus. Coll. J. S. Iloberts.)

Page 105. Then; is no trnth in the statoincnt that Acipenser mediros-
tria is poisonous. It is u good food-fish, and on the coast of Washington
it is somewhat abundant.

Page 116.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON TACHYSURIN^.

In the text of this work, pages 116 to 133, the descriptions of tbu
species of Tachyaurinw are for the most part too brief to render certain
the discrimination of species. The following additional descriptions of
those species will be found useful as supplementary to those given in the
text. A slight change in the arrangement of the genera has been found
desirable, and 3 new species are added.

70. SCIADEICHTHYS, Bleeker.

Dorsal shield much enlarged, formed like an .armorial shield; teeth
on palate villiforni ; posterior nasal openings not connected by membrane ;
band of palatine teeth extended backward.

166. 8CIADEICHTHT8 TR08€HELI (Gill).

Head 3i (3g in total with caudal) ; width of head 4^ {i^ in total) ; depth
5 (6i). D. I, 7; P. I, 12; A. 18. Body comparatively robust, broad
anteriorly ; head not much depressed, broader than high ; eye moderate,
7 to 8 times in length of head; width of interorbital space 1^; breadth of
mouth IJ; length of suont 3^. Teeth all villiform; band of vomerine
teeth simple, trapezoidal, quadrangular, longer than broad, without
division on median line; band of palatine teeth very large, each sep<arated
in young specimens from the vomerine band by a -narrow toothless line;
in old specimens the vomerine and palatine bands are wholly oonlluent ;
each palatine band with a narrow backward prolongation on the median
line; band of premaxillary teeth broad, about six times as long as wide;
lower jaw included. Maxillary barbel nearly or quite reaching gill
opening; outer mental barbels about | head, the inner nearly ^. Dorsal
shield much larger than in most species, shaped like an armorial shield,
its posterior margin concave; its anterior end acute, wedged into a deep
emargination of the occipital process, the two becoming coossified with
age; length of antedorsal plate on the median line 5 to 6 in head, a little
more than its width ; occipital process short and broad, much broader
than long, its median line with a broad keel, its edges nearly straight.
Shields all coarsely granular, the granulations anteriorly forming radiat-
ing striiu. Fontanel large, olaviform, broadest posteriorly, its posterior
end about midway between tip of snout and front of dorsal, its greatest

%W

n

iffiill

?■ "

TTF^r; ■"' ' 'i-

wmy4im'

*V

I (i

! I

I I

' I

2738 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

breadth about equal to the diainetor of the eye, aiul ,\ ita h;ngth, a short
groove oxtniKling backward from itH. obtuse tip; sides of fontauel boiiy
and granulated for itH whole length, the granules extending forward to
opposite nostrils. Dorsal Hpine strong, \'^ in head, moderately com-
prossed; ]' ^ctoral spine l.i in head. Axillary pore obsolete. Humeral
proi-ess coarse, granular, broad, nearly ^ length of pectoral spine ; base
of adipose fin scarcely J^ length of anal, its posterior margin little free;
caudal deeply lunate, small, its up])er lobe slightly the longer aud nar-
rower, Ijf in head; veutralH not quite reaching anal; vent much nearer
base of vontrals than anal. Dark brown, with strong bron/e luster
above, whitu below ; dorsal dusky, especially above ; pectorals blackish ;
anal dark; caudal rather pale; ventrals usually dark toward the tip,
their inner side pale ; maxillary barbel dusky ; mental barbels pale. This
species is not rare along the Pacific coast of tropical America, speci-
mens having boon observed at Ma/atlan, Punta Arenas, aud Panama.

Sciadex troicheli. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 171, Panama. (Coll. Capt. Dow.)
Ariu» brandtii, Jokoan & Gilukkt, Bull. U. S. Fish Coiiiid., ii, 1882, 30; ileHorir^ion from
28230, U. S. Nat. Miia., 24 incheH in length.

The following is the original description of Sciades troscheli, Gill:
"Dorsal 1, 7; anal 16; caudal 11, I, 6; 7, I, 11. The greatest height is
contained about 4| times iu the length to the base of the caudal lin, aud
5^ times iu the total. The caudal ptuluncle, behind the anal, equals the
interval between the snout aud the eye, and its least height that between
the center of the anterior nostril and the eye. The head in front and on
the sides is smooth, aud a smooth, obloug, triangular area extends nearly
to the vertical from the upper angle of the preoperculum; a triangular
area on (^ach side is incurved externally to the narrow anterior extremity,
and covered with white pisiform granulations. The dorsal buckler is a
pentagon, with a semicircular excavation behi£>d and with its surface
rugose. The head enters 3 times in the length before the end of the anal
fin and mont than 4 times iu the total; its width equals the interval
between tlu! snout and upper angle of preoperculum, and the iutcrocular
area e^iuals ^ the head's length. The eye is elliptical, and its diameter
is contained 6^ times in tlie head's length. The distance of the posterior
nostril from it equals a diameter. The maxillary barbels extend to about
the middle of the pectoral; the outer mcn^.al to its base, and the inner
mental are ^ as long as the outer. Titar ) ar() 3 villiform patches on
the palate which are ahuost contiguous, and together describe au arch in
front; the median patch is small, rather transverse, and widest toward
the front ; the outer are oblong, subtriangular. The band of the upper
jaw is nearly uniform and quite wide; the lower, interrupted at the
symphysis, is nearly | as wide as the upper, and is narrowed toward
its £nds. The dorsal spine enters 1^ times in the head's length ; has iu
front, first, minute teeth pointed downward, and then a row of small
pisiform tubercles ; teeth poiuted downward on its hinder border. The
first ray is little higher than the spine. The anal commences at a dis-
tance from the snout 3J times as great as that from the base «)f the caudal

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2750

fill ; itH length (Mitera 6J in tlie length, oxcluatve uf tlie candul, and when
bent back it i'<>ach«vs to the Hiipeninmerary «-au<lal raya; tho greatest
height nearly equalH tlie length. Tht^ pectoral fiuH extend rather beyond
the base of the dorsal and exceed \ of the length, exclusive of the caudal ;
the spine utiuals that of the dorsal. The vtMitrals are inserted midway
between the base of the pei^toral spines and the axil of the anal, and
extend to the origin of the anal. The fins are almost blackish." A
single specimen is in the collection of Captain Dow front Panama. The
ty])(; of Sciaths troscheli is now lost. At onr reqnest. Dr. Gill has again
considered this description, in connection with the species now knt>wn
from the coast. He is positive that his type of troavhvli had the large
dorsal shield oliartocteristic of brandtii. Apparently Dr. Eigenmann is
right in regarding ironcheli and brandHi as identical.

1«0. 8CIADKICHTHY8 KMPK YSKTUS (Miiller 61. Troschel).

i'P>i:'

\if

18 a

Heads*; depth 6. D. I, 7; A. 18. Closely related to SciaddchthyH
Iroacheli. Depth little greater than the width. Profile straight, less steep
than in S. troscheli. Depth of the head If in its length, its width IJ. Top
of the head sparsely and coarstdy granular, the granulation extending
forward only to middle of cheek; fontanel bordered anteriorly by smooth
ridges; occipital process coarsely and closely granular, without a promi-
nent keel, its margins convex, its tips emarginate, not coossitied with the
dorsal plate; dorsal plate shield-shaped, not ke«'led, its surface irregu-
larly pitted, its margin more finely graven, its length about 3^ in the
head. In the spetamen examined the dorsal plato seems to have been at
some time slightly broken in front, a small, narrow, sharp process of the
occipital process fitting into the split. Eye small, 3 in the snout, 11 in
the head, .5 in the interocular. Maxillary barbels llattened, reaching to
below middle or end of dorsal flu, postmentals not quite to base of pec-
torals. Upper jaw slightly projecting; all the teeth minute, villiform,
tiie vomerine patch emarginate in front and behind, joined to the sub-
triangular palatine patches ; pterygoid patches long-elliptical. Gill mem-
brane with a narrower free margin than in troscheli. Distance of dorsal fin
from tip of snout 2| in the length, the dorsal spine If in the bead, granu-
lar in front, recurved teeth on its inner margin. Distance between the
dorsal and adipose fins 3^ in the length; adipose fin about as long as
the dorsal fin. Caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe longer, 3} in the
length ; anal little longer than high ; ventrals reaching nearly to the anal,
about 2 in the head; pectoral spine 1^ in the head, its outer margin gran-
ular, the inner rather finely toothed. The skin on the dorsal surface
of the head and humeral region finely reticulate with mucous canals.
■Vellowish brown, lighter below, the fins yellowish, finely punctulato.
One specimen 0.51 m. Surinam. (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, Nematog-
nathi, 53.)

fr*

^""s^splil*

'TSrX3!SxrS^^f^^JlSM^^3!l^?^iS'S^s

5^^

T7iWW^«^^m^

/:

m

I i
P i

l.i;

*i^P

'i

i

1.1

f

2760 Diilletin ^7, United Stales National Museum.

1«7. SCIADEICIITIIYS TKMMlIVt'KIAXUS (Cuviti- & Valenciennes), text, p. 122.

168. SOIADEICHTHVS FLAVESCENS (Ciivier & Valenciennes), text, p. 123.

109. SOIADIt'HTIIYS MESOPS (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

170. SClADEIt'HTHYS PKOOPS (Cuvier &, Valenciennes).

Head 4 to 4^; depth 7. D. I, 7; A. 18; eye li to lA in snout, 5* to 8 in
bead, If to 2i| in the interorbital, 2^ to 3f in the intciocnlar. Slender
.and elongate, broader than de»'p. Head deproHsed, its M'idth 1^ in its
length, Its depth 2, width at month 2; anterior portion of the head tiat
above; top of the head, hnnieral process, and dorsal plate coarsely gran-
ular, the granules arranged in series along the fontanel. Occipital pro-
cess uiucronate, broader than long; dorsal plate large, butterliy-shaped.
Operc! striate; fontanel 1^ times as long as the eye, its center in front
of the middle of the eye, continued as a shallow groove. .Jaws suboqual ;
teeth all villiform, the intermaxillary band very wide and shallow; teeth
on the roof of the mouth in 6 contiguous patches. Gill membranes iiieet-
ing in an angle, forming a broad fold across the isthmus; gill rakers
5 + 10. Pectoral pores large ; vertical series of pores. Distance of dorsal
spine from the snout 2\ in the length; the dorsal spine granular in front,
striate on the sides, weakly serrate behind, its length \\ to U in head;
space between dorsal juid adipose lins 2* to 3 in length, the adipose fin
little shorter than the dorsal, the posterior margin frse. Caudal deeply
forked, its upper lobe longer, 4 to 4A in the length; anal «'marginate, as
high as long, 2 to 2^ in head; ventrals 2 in head; pectoral spine rough-
ened or granular in front, serrated behind, \\ to 1^ in head. Pluuibeous
above, with bine luster, white below; maxillary barbels dark, the mental
barbels white ; fins all more or less dotted with brown. Five specimens
0.25 to 0.46 m. long. Pernambuco. (Hartt& Fletcher.) Northern coast
of South America to Pernambuco. TEigenmann &. Eigenmann, Nematog-
nathi, 57.)

171. SOIADEICHTYS PAS8ASY (Cuvier & Valencienue.-*), text, p. 124.
172. S4'IADEK'IITHY8 ALBICA>8 (Cuvier & Valenciennes), text, p. 124.

71. SELENASPIS, IMeekor.

Dorsal shield much enlarged, tmncate before, in the adult; palatine
teeth villiform, the patch extended backward in the adult; posterior
nasal openings connected by membrane.

17:(. SELEIVA8P18 IlERZBERdll (lileeker).

Head 3.if to 3J; depth 5 to (>. 1). I, 7; A. 18; eye IJ to 2i in snout,
5^ to 8 in head, 2J to 4 in interocular. Elongate, the width as great or
greater khan the de]ith. Width of the head 1^ to H in >ts length, at the
angle of the mouth about 2; depth Ij to 1'^ in its length. Humeral pro-
cess, dorsal plate, top of head to between the eyes, granular. Occipital

'■T'-t' ^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2761

process wider than long, scarcely keeled. Fontanel not continued behind
the eyes, and withou backward projecting groove; posterior nostrils
connected by a membrane. Barbels llattish, those of the maxillary reach-
ing to near the ventrals, to middle of pectorals in older individuals;
uostmeutal to or beyond base of p(^ctoral, mental to gill opening. Teeth
villiform; vomerine and palatine patches of about equal size and sliajM)
in the young; a separate patch behind the palatines is developed later.
Gill membranes meeting in an angle, forming a fold across the isthmus ;
gill rakers 6 -f- 10. Distance of dorsal spine from snout 2^ to 2| in the
length; dorsal and pectoral spines subtereto, the outer nuirgins rongh-
ciied, the sides striate; the dorsal spine slightly serrate behind, a little
shorter than the pectoral spine, 1% to Ij^ in the head; pectoral spine
strongly serrate behind; space between dorsal and adipose (ins 3)^ to 4 in
the length; adipose fin as long as the dorsal; upiicr caudal lobe longer,
about 4 in the length; an..l as high as long. 2 in head; ventrals 1^ to 2
in head; pectoral pore minute; sides with vertical series of pores. Color
plumbeous above, silvery on sides; tins dusky. The specimens exam-
ined measure from 0.14 to 0,^^ meters. Para; Curnca; Bahia. (Eigenmaun
& Eigenmann, Nematognathi, 59.)

174. SELE\A8PIS DOWII (Gill).

Head 3i; depth 6. D. I, 7; A. 19; eye small, elliptical, 3 in snout, 12
lu head, 6 in iuterocular. A narrow flap of skin across the snout con-
necting the posterior nasal openings. Width below the dorsal spine a
little greater than the depth, less than the width at the humeral process,
which equals the greatest width of the head measured at the opercles.
Head depressed, its depth at base of occipital process i^ in the greatest
width, becoming gradually more depressed forward; width at angle of
mouth I'i in length of head, its greatest width about Ij^ in its length;
snout short, 4 in heal. Top of head coarsely granular, the granules
forming strio) in front, vermiculations posteriorly or, in places, more or
less regular stritc. Occipital process truncate. Its width at tip greater
than its length, the dorsal plate large, saddle-shaped, its bony tubercles
forming striio which are parallel with the strongly convi'x margin of the
"saddle"; opercular bones granular striate, the humeral ])roce8s with
bony tubercles. Fontanel nearly obsolete, the granular bony surface
heing separated in front by thick skin, which covers an elongate area
about 7 times longer than wide. Maxillary barbels reaching beyond
humeral process; postmental barbels beyond gill opening, the mentals
shorter. Upper jaw produced, equal to the short diameter «)f the eye.
Teeth ol the mtermaxiUaries in a villiform band which is narrowed in
front, not produced backward to the angle of the mouth ; vomer with a
rather broad band confluent with the much wider subquadrate palatine
patches which are produi^ed backward in an angle; ovate patches ou >,he
pterygoids separate from the palatine teeth; teeth of the lower jaw in a
comparatively shallow band, tapering very gradually to the angle of the
mouth; the teeth of the jaws minute villiform, those of the palate and
3030- 96

'i |-

! I

W-vr?9ir^V';i!?'i'P7,

■ ''SSfSSs??t8^^KK^^^^p;

vM

2762 Bulletin /7, United States Natioiial Museum.

vomer bluntly conical. Gill miiinbraues broadly united, meeting in an
angle, joined to the isthmus, bnt with a free margin ; gill rakers 9 + 15.
Distance of dorsal from end of snout 2f in the l(;ngth. Dorsal spine gran-
ular on sides and in front, about \ the length of the head in height;
distance of the adipose tin from the dorsal ^\ in the length, the height ol
the adipose fin about ^i in its length, which is contained 2* in th«i Icngtii
of the head. Caudal deeply forked, 5^ in the length ; anterior J of tlic
anal strongly convex, the posterior \ slightly emarginate, the highest x\\\
about 2^ in head. Ventrals reaching to anal, about 2 in head, their dis-
tance behind the dorsal equal to the length of dorsal and \ the dorsal
plat(^; pectoral spine granulose on sides, the outer margin with a serioH
of larger granules which become recurved notches toward the tip, the
inner edge with recurved hooks, its height 1^ in the length of the head ;
a smi.ll pectoral pore; no evident series of vertical pores. liluish gray
above, becoming white below; the fins brownish with dots. Descrip-
tion from the typo of .lri«« alains, .68 ni. long, from Panama; collected by
Dr. Steindacbner. (Eigcnmann & Eigenmanu, Nematognathi, 61.)

SelencBpis dowii is thus characterized by Jordan &. Gilbert:* Head t
(4^ with caudal) ; depth 6i (7^) ; width of head 5,^ . D. 1, 8 ; A. 4, 12. Length
(29529, U. S. Nat. Mus.) 10 inches. Body elongate, narrow, and slende.'.
the caudal peduncle 1| in head. Head low and narrow, tapering ant>
riorly, the snout subtruncate. Eye small, 7 in he<ad, placed rather high;
iuterorbital space little ai'ched, with ridges and depressions, 2* in head;
snout 3it in head; breadth of mouth 2^ in head. Mouth moderate, with
thinnish lips; teeth villiform, bluntish; vomerine teeth forming 2 small-
ish, rounded patches, separated by a moderate interspace; each patcli
c<mflnent with the neighboring palatine pat<>h, which is rounded and
rather large; the suture marked by a constriction ; palatine bands with-
out backward prolongation; premaxillary band of teeth ti-oad. Barbels
very long; niaxilliiry barbel extending well beyond tip of pectoral fin;
outer mental barbel reaching well past front of pectoral ; inner 2} in head.
Dorsal shield comparatively large, not distinctly crescent-shaped, its
divisions produced backward, their length about twice the length of the
shield on the median line; anterior margin with 2 emarginatiims, the
point fitting into an emargination of the occipital process; dorsal shield
without keel. Occipital process very broad and short, its e<lges nearly
straight, its breadth at base considerably greater than its length; its
median line with a rather low keel. Fontanel broad and very short,
ending obtusely at a point not far behind eye, the distance from this
point to tip of snout If in its distance from base of dorsal; each sid*^ of
fontanel with a conspicuous smooth ridge, the 2 ridges converginj;
anteriorly; shields of head rather finely granulated, few of the grauulii-
tions forming lines, none of them extending farther forwa''d than posterior
margin of eye. Opercle striate. Gill membranes meeting below in a sharp
angle, forming a rather broad fold across isthmus. Dorsal spine very
short, its length a trifle less than pectoral spine, 2^ in head. Axillary
pore obsolete. Humeral process granulated, rather narrowly triangular, a

*Bull. U. 8. Fish Conim., u, 1882, 50.

vfm

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2763

little less than \ length of pectoral spine, which extends barely \ the
distance to the ventral fins; adipose fin long and low, very nearly or
qu!t« cotorniinoHS with the anal; caudal narrow, rather short, the upper
lobe the longer, 1^ in head; anal rather low and short ; ventrals short, the
vent not far behind them. Color dusky above, pale below, the fins all
more or less dusky; maxillary barbels dusky, others pale. A single
young male was obtained at Panama.

!>!

71(a). ASPISTOR, Jordan & Evermann, now genus.

Aspistor, Jordan &. E/ermann, now geuna {lunigcutis).

This genus differs from Selenaspia in the presence of granular teeth on the
palaiie and in the absence of a memi 'anaceous flap connecting the posterior
nostrils, {adrndrrfp, a shielded warrior.)

176. ASPISTOR LUMSCIJTIS (Ciivier & ValeucioniieH).

Head 3jf ; depth 5i to 6. D. 1, 7; A. 16 to 19; eye 2 to 3 in snout, 6 to 9
in head, 3 to 4^ in the interocular. Body comparati vi'ily stout, the greatest
width equaling the greatest dei)th. Head large, Hattish above; profile
descending; width of head 1,\ in its length, width at the mouth '2 to 2^,
its depth at the base of the occipital process scarcely less than its greatest
width; top of head coarsely granular in young, the granules becoming
fluer and more regularly arranged in the adult; opcrcles smooth; huuu^ral
process with radiating lines of granules. Occipital process variable in
shape, broader than long, the posterior margin convex ; dorsal plate vari-
able in outline, rounded anteriorly, saddle-shaped, either broader than
Ion," or longer than broad; middle of ♦.he fontanel abttve the p<»8teri(»r
margin of the eye; the fontanel divided into 3 by 2 bony ridg<is, the
middle portion being more than h of its whole length. Sides of In-ad with
reticulating mucous canals. No skinny flap connecting the posterior nos-
trils. Maxillary barbels extending little beyond the base of th<^ pectoral,
or shorter ; mental barbels short. Upper jaw little producetl ; teeth in the
jaws rather large, conical; teeth of vomer and palatines finely granular,

Uo vt'inerine patches separated from each other and from the italatine
j)u'. !)< 4 in the young, united and covering almost the entire roof of thc!
11 ■': i i 1 the adult; the inner margins of the palatine patches approxi-
maU t -tomelimes a small elliptical patch of teeth between. Gill mem-
branes lorming a broad marginal tlap across the isthmus. (Jill rakers 3 to
4 -f 7 to 9. Axillary pore minute or wanting; vertical series of pores
present. Distance of dorsal from tip of snout 2^ in the length ; the spine lA
to IJ in the head, granular in front, scarcely serrate behind; distance of
adipose fin from the dorsal 3| to 4 in the length, the ailipose fin twice as
long as high, adnate, as long as the dorsal fin; caudal forked, the upper
lobe longer, 4^ to 4^ in the length; anal fin about as long as high, 2j to2j^
in head; ventrals If to 2 in hea<l; pectoral spine stout, 1^ to 1} in head,
<rrannlar in front (serrate in the very young), siriate on sides, serrate

ilong iimer margin. Color purplish brown above, sprinkled with brown
dots below; fins about the color of the back. Numerous specimens

'.\

! ■ 'I

l>

:l

ii

2764 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

lift .

W

examined 0.11 to 0.44 in. lonj^. Porto Alegre ; Bahia; Nazareth, near Bahia ;
Rio Janeiro; Parsi; Porto Segiiro; Silo Mutheos; Canuavierlas. (Eigcn-
uianu &, Eigenmann, Ncuiatogiiathi, 63.)

176. SEIiK>iASP18 PABKKRI (Traill), text, p. 125.

72. NBTUMA, Bleeker.

Dorsal shield Binall, Innate ; teeth on palate villiform, the patch on each
side with a baukwurd-exteudiug process or angle.

Subgenus NOTARIUS, GUI.

Occipital process coustrictttd at base.

177. NETVMA «BANDICA881S (Guvier & Yaleuciennes).

Head 3.? to 3i; depth 5J to 6. D. I, 7; A. 18; eye 3 to 3^ in snout, 8^ to
10 in head, 4 to 4^ in interocular. I^ody cylindrical in front, tapering to
a slender caudal peduncle. Head greatly depressed, profile almost
straight, descending, the width of the head 1^^ to \l in its length, its
depth 1,^ to 2 in its length. Occipital process with a deep constriction
where it joins the occiput, shaped like a clover leadet, much as Fvlichthys
panamenais, sometimes broader than long, sometimes much longer than
broad, sometimes keeled. Center of the fontanel over the middle of eye,
the fontanel not continued backward as a groove; occipital process, top
of head, and humeral process granular; interorbital region with 4 ridges,
the inner onef> bounding the fontanel, the outer ones running obliquely
backward from near the jiosterior nasal opening. Maxillary barbels
reaching to the base of the pectoral, mentals to gill opening, postnientals
a little longer. Upper jaw projecting a diameter of the eye or more, the
lip very wide, especially in front, making the nose pointed; teeth of both
jaws rather large, those on the palate somewhat smaller; the depth of the
intermaxillary band 7 to 9 in its width ; the mandibulary band very shal-
low ; vomerine teeth none in 3 of the examples, a small patch on one side
in another specimen, and a small patch on each side in another; palatine
patches triangular, produced backward. Gill membranes meeting in an
angle, forming a fold across the isthmus; gill rakers 6 + lO- Distance of
dorsal spine from snuut 2^ to 2^ in the length, the spine broken in the
specimen studied. Distance of adipose iin from the dorsal 3§ to 4 in
the length; adipose fin at least as long as the dorsal fin, adnate. Caudal
fin forked, the upper lobe longer, about 5 in the length, the tips broken ;
anal fin apparently longer than high, but the rays are somewhat worn oiV;
vcntrals small ; pectoral pore large, slit-like. Color light brown above,
somewhat smutty below from the occurrence of miuute scattered dots.
W't have examined 4 specimens from 0.23 m. to 0.33 m. long, collected by
Agassiz & Bourget, Thayer Expedition, at Maranhao, and a fifth, 0.21 m.
long, collected by Professor Agassiz at Bahia. (Eigenmann Al Eigeumaun,
Nematognathi, 65. )

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2765

178. NETUMA STRICTI0AS8IS (Cuvier & Yaleuciennes), text, p. 120.
Subgenus NETUMA.

Oc>3ipital process not constricted.

179. NGTCMA DVBIA (Bleekcr), text, p. 126.

180. NETUMA KESSLERI (Steindachner).

Head 3^ (4 in total with caudal) ; depth 6 (7 in total) ; width of hoad 4.
D. I, 7 ; A. IV, 13. Length (29252, U. S, Nat. Mus. ) 14 inches. Body rather
longand low; the head long, broad andmiich depressed, much hroaderthan
deep, rye very small, about 10 in head, placed well above the month.
Tnterorbital space 2 in head; snout 3^; breadth of month 2. Mouth large,
with thickish lips, the upper jaw considerably projecting. Teeth all vil-
liform, rather pointed. Vomerine patches rather large, roundish, usually
fully couflnent into a trapezoidal band, without division on the median
line, and separated by a very narrow groove from the palatine bands.
Palatine bands very large, broadly triangular, with a backward prolonga-
tion from the inner margin. (Teeth on vomer and palatines all forming
one continuous band in old specimens, according to Steindachner.) Bands
of teeth in jaws broad, the jaws strong. Barbels rather short and very
slender, the maxillary barbels reaching little past base of pectoral ; outer
mental barbels about reaching gill opening; inner about as long as snout.
Antedorsal shield short, ' rescent-shaped, rough, but without median keel.
Occipital process long, narrowly triangular, its edges straight, its length
\\,o\ more than its width at base, its median line sharply keeled. Fon-
tanel broad and shallow, its posterior end obtuse or almost truncate, its
tip not prolonged in a gi'oove, its edge bounded by a bony ridge, which is
not granulated in front of middle of eye; end of fontanel about midway
between tip of snout and front of dorsal, its greatest width about equal
to length of eye. Shields of head all very coarsely granular, the rough-
nesses extending forward about to the eye. Gill membranes forming a
broad free fold across isthmus. Dorsal spine moderate, a little more than
V head, about equal to pectoral spine; humeral process triangular,
•rranular, not quite \ length of pectoral spine; axillary pore obsolete;
adipose fin long and low, its posterior margin little free; caudal short and
Itroad, the upper lobe the longer, If in head; anal and ventrals rather
Hmall, the vent close behind the latter. Color dark brown, with bronze
rellections; belly white; iins all dusky in 1 specimen, in the other mostly
pale ; maxillary barbels dusky, others pale. Two large specimens obtained
at Panama by Gilbert. (Jordan & Gii)>ert, Bull. I J. S. Fish Couim., ii,
1882, 40.)

181. NETUMA INNOULPTA (Ji.rdaii & Gilbert).

Head 4 (4| in total) ; depth .^.| (6f) ; width of head 4:L D. 1, 6; A. IV,
U. Length (29415) 13^ inches. Body moderately elongate, little com-
pressed, the caudal peduncle slender and short. Head shortish, low and

\^ . ,■ ,

yB^.rj.TyiTVf^ir^'jmiri^t^^

m

2766 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

broad, anteriorly depressed. Eye ratber large, 6i in bend, placed rather
bigb. Interorbital space Hat and nearly Rmooth, 2 in bead; snout 3;
broadtb of montb 1,'^; snout very bluntly ronndcd, almost truncate in
front. Mouth large ; teeth all villifomi ; vomerine bands of teeth largo
(fully confluent with each other in the type, partly separated in smaller
examples), and with the large, club-shapod band on the palatines, from
which they are separated by a slight furrow and constriction ; palatini
band of teeth with a backward prolongation; preraaxillary band of teetli
largo; maxillary barbel long, somewhat compressed, extending to middle
of pectoral Hpine; outer mental barbel reaching base of pectoral spine,
inner 2 in head. Dorsal shield short, crescent-shaped, without median
keel, its tips produced, its length on the median line about ^ the lengtli
of 1 of its halves. Occipital process about as broad at base as long,
with a moderate median keel, its lateral margins somewhat concave;
fontanel becoming gradually contracted at a point a little nearer base
of dorsal than tip of snout, thence forming a narrow groove, whicli
extends to within a diameter of the pupil of the base of the occipital
process; this groove sometimes nearly obsolete; greatest width of fon-
tanel abont l diameter of eye. Granulated strite extending along the
sides of the fontanel to a point oi>po8ite or in front of middle of eye.
Shield of head finely and evenly granulated, the roughnesses more uniform
than usual, and many of them arranged in lines, especially anteriorly ;
opercle not striate, the skin marked with fine vermiculations ; gill mem-
branes forming a broad fold across the isthmus. Dorsal and pectoral
spines long, about equal, IJ in head. No axiliary pores; humeral process
very large, triangular, finely granular, about i as long as pectoral
spine ; adipose fin large, without free tip ; upper lobe of caudal the longer,
1^ in head; anal and ventrals moderate, the vent (;lose behind the latter.
Color rather pale; belly pale; fins and barbels all pale, or but slightly
tinged with dusky. A single adult male was obtained by Dr. Gilbert
at Panama. Two smaller ones are in the Museum collection, also from
Panama. (Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Coram., 11, 1882, 41.)

.' I

182. NETUMA PLANICEPS (SteiDdaclmer).

Head 4 (4i in total) ; depth 5J (5J) ; width of head 5. D. I, 7 ; A. IV, 13.
Length (29417) 11 inches. Body comparatively elongate; the head small,
rather narrow, depressed anteriorly ; the snout rather narrow and moder-
ately rounded. Eye inodentte, placed well above mouth, its length 5| in
head. Interorbital space flat and smooth, 2\ in head; snout 3^; breadth
of month 2. Mouth rather large, with thickish lips ; teeth villifomi ;
vomerine bands moderate, confluent with each other and with the mucli
larger ovate palatine bands, a slight constriction or furrow making the
divisions; palatine bands each with a backward prolongation; premax-
illary band moderate; barbels very short; maxillary barbel scarcely or
not reaching to base of pectoral ; outer mental barbel sc arcely past gill
opening below; inner shorter than snout. Dorsal shield short, anteri-
(U'ly truncate, not keeled, the length on the median line about ^ of 1 of
its halves. Occipital process subtriaugular, rather narrow, truncate

*l ^a

■\.\

from

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2767

behind, its margins straight, becoming concave forward, its width at
base about equal to its length; fontanel an almost obsolete groove, its
posterior end not reaching base of occipital process by about the diam-
eter of the eye, the groove extending forward to a point about midway
between tip of snout and base of dorsal spine ; anterior to tliis point is
an equilateral triangle, flat, covered with smooth skin, the base of the
triangle formed by the smooth, flattish interorbital area. Shields of
head rather coarsely granulur-striate, the granulations beginning anteri-
orly about opposite posterior margin of ej'e; opercle scarcely striate; gill
membranes forming a moderate fold across the isthmus. Dorsal spine
high, about equal to pectoral spine, and but little shorter than head; no
axillary pore; humeral process triangular, granulated, a little more than
\ length of pectoral spine ; adipose iin rather long ; upper lobe of caudal
the longer, a little shorter than head ; ventrals and anal moderate. Color
brownish, not very dark; belly pale, thickly speckled with brown; fins
more or less dusky ; maxillary barbels black ; mental barbels pale. Two
specimens were obtained by Dr. Gilbert at Panama. They disagree in
several details from Steindachner's description, and it is barely possible
that they belong to a different species. The head in Steindachner's types
is 3} to 3^ in length, and the occipital process is narrower and less
widened anteriorly. (Jordan «& Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., ii,
1882,42.)

183. NETIIMA PLATYPOGON (Giintlier).

I ]l

!i

Head 3? (4,3); width of head 4^; depth 5^ (6j?). D. I, 7; A. IV,
14. Length (28286) 15^ inches. Body rather elongate, the head not
very broad nor much depressed, a little broader than deep. T e rather
large, 5 to 6 in head. Interorbitiil space slightly more than \ head, a
trifle less than width of mouth; length of snont 3,V in head. Teeth all
pointed; bands of vomerine teeth small, roundish, their boundaries
traceable by a slight depression in the young, in the adult fully confluent
with each other and with the palatine bands; palatine bands broad,
ovate, several times as large as the patches on vomer, continued back-
ward over the jilerygoid region ; premaxillary band rather broad, 5 to 6
times as broad as long; maxillary barbel reaching past base of pectoral
in the young, not to gill opening in the adult, its base a little broader
and more compressed than usual; outer mental barbels 2 in head ; inner
2^. Dorsal shield very short, lunate, subtruncato in front, its breadth
more than 3 times its lengthen the median line; occipital process long,
triangular, with straight margins, its length about \\ times its width in
front, its broad median lino rather shari>ly keeled. In the young it is
proportionally shorter, little longer than broad. At the beginning of
this keel is the end of the long, narrow, groove-like fontanel, which
extends forward to a point just behind the eye, where it merges into the
llattish and smooth anterior part of the head. Shields of the beau all
finely granular, the granules rarely forming distinct lines. Dorsal spine
long, \\ to 1^ in head, the soft rays projecting beyond the spine; pec-
toral spine about as long as dorsal, sharply serrate behind, the anterior

1 }

^fy^^^^^v^^i^^s^^^^m^w^m^^^^^

v^rj^ ?;:»,;:"

27C8 B7illetin ^7, United States National Mtiseiim.

%A%

Horrie not very sharp; axillary pore small or absent; humeral process
nearly smooth, rather narrow and short, | length of pectoral spine;
iidiposo fin short and rather high, its base barely j^ length of base of
anal ; caudal deeply forked, its npper lobe the longer and slightly falcate,
about as long as head; ventrals very short, reaching anal in females,
shorter in the males; vent nearer base of ventrals than anal. Color iu
life very pale olive brown, with bronze and blue reflections, white below;
fins all pale, the tip of anal and edges of caudal somewhat dusky;
female with fins rather darker, the upper edge of the pectorals and
ventrals largely black; In the males these fins are pale, or somewhat
brown above; maxillary barbels blackish; lower pale. Generally abun-
dant along the Pacific coast of tropical America. Specimens were
observed by Dr. Gilbert at Mazatlan, Libertad, Punta Arenas, and
Panama. It reaches a length of about 18 inches, and is seldom eaten.
It resembles Galeichthys (/ilberti, but is readily distinguished by the small,
pale ventrals, as also by the generic character of the dentition. The
males of this species, according to Dr. Steindachner, carry the eggs in
their mouths until after hatching. (Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish
Coram., II, 1882, 44.)

184. NETCMA OSCULA (Jordan & GUbert).

Head 31 (4J iu total) ;^depth 6J (7^) ; width of head 4J. D. 1, 7 ; A. IV, 14.
Body moderately elongate, the head short, rather narrow, tapering for-
ward, considerably broader than deep. Eye small, 7i in head, placed
well above the mouth. Interorbital space 1,''„ in head; snout 3; breadth
of mouth 2;f. Mouth very small for the genus, with thick lips. Teeth
on vomer and palatines villifcrm, but rather coarse and bluntish. Vomer-
ine patches small, rather longer than broad, separated on the median
lino, and each also separated by a narrow groove from the large and
roundish palatine bands, which have a distinct backward prolongation.
Premaxillary band of teeth very broad, barely 3 times as long as wide.
Barbols short, the maxillary barbels reaching slightly beyond base of pec-
torals, the outer mental barbels scarcely past gill opening below ; inner
mental barbels about as long as snout. Dorsal shield short, crescent-
shaped, grauulated, but without median keel, its length about i its
breadth. Occipital process narrow, its edges almost parallel until
abruptly widened at base; the narrow part considerably bmger than
broad, with curved edges ; a well-developed median keel. Fontanel broad
and shallow, abruptly contracted at a point midway between tip of
snout and end of occipital process, thence continued backward as a nar-
row groove to a point less than an eye's diameter in front of the base of
the occipital process. Greatest width of fontanel about ^ eye. Shields
of top of head all coarsely and rather sparsely granular, and anteriorly
striate. Interorbital space nearly plane, with a few low, smooth ridges.
Opercles scarcely rugose. Gill membranes forming a narrow fold across
isthmus posteriorly. Dorsal spine very high, 1;^ in head, a little longer
than pectoral spine; humeral process granular, not quite i^ length of pec-
toral spine; no axillary pore; adipose fin adnata posteriorly ; caudalloug,

- -^^l!^ i=.w U;. *^'^-ivi!!ri'rt:wi3:*i'i->..ii-*>i^^..*:

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 27G9

its upper lobe the longer, somewhat falcate, \^i^ in head ; anal rather high.
Color brown, with bliiiHh reflections; lower parts dnHky, with dark
pnnctnlations ; fins all blackish; maxillary and outer mental barbels
dusky. A single male example 11 inches long was obtained at Panama
by Dr. Gilbert. (Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., ii, 1882, 46.)

185. \ETUMA ELATTURA (Jordan & Gilbert).

Head 3|(H in total); depth 5i(6J); width of head 4)^. D.I,6; A. IV, 14.
Length (29408, U. S. Nat Mus.) 12 J inches. Body low, not very elongate,
the head rather short and very broad, much broader than deep, the snout
depressed and very broadly rounded, almost truncate. Eye moderate,
placed rather high, its diameter 7 in head. Interorbital space 2^ in head ;
snout 3i ; breadth of mouth 1|. Mouth large, with thickish lips, the
upper jaw considerably projecting. Teeth on vomer and palatines villi-
form, but bluntly conical, less acute than in most of the species. Vomer-
ine patches oblong, small, separated by a narrow interspace from each
other and from the palatine bands, which are roundish and comparatively
small, with a backward prolongation. Teeth in jaws in broad bands.
Barbels rather short, the maxillary barbels reaching a little past base of
pectorals, the outer mental barbels a 1 ittle past gill opening, the inner a
little more than i head. Dorsal shield not very short, crescent-shaped,
with a distinct median keel, its length on the median line about ^ its
breadth. Occipital process short, broadly triangular, with concave sides
which spread out abruptly near the base, forming a sort of shoulder, its
length scarcely equal to its width at base. Median keel well developed.
Fontanel broad and shallow, abruptly narrowed posteriorly at a point
a little nearer base of dorsal than tip of snout, but extending as a groove
to a point distant less than a diameter of the eye from the base of the
occipital process, this groove indistinct in the smaller specimen. Greatest
width of fontanel scarcely more than \ the eye. Shields of head gran-
ular-striate, the roughness less coarse than in A. kessleri. Interorbital
space with 2 prominent. ridges and numerous striie, none of them gran-
ular, the granulations chiefly confined to the region behind widest part
of fontanel. Opercle striate. Gill membranes forming a moderate fold
across isthmus. Doisal spine low, shorter than pectoral spine, which is
1| in head, the anterior edges of both bluntly serrate ; humeral process
broadly triangular, granulated, not f length of pectoral spine, much
smaller than in .1. iiiaculptiis; no axillary pore; adipose fin long and low,
without free posterior margin; low(;r fins of moderate length; vent much
nearer ventrals than anal. Caudal short, the upper lobe longest, 1^ in
head {% little more than i head in the smaller specimens). Color dusky
above, the lower parts suiled with dark points ; fins all more or less dusky
with dark points; maxillary barbels dusky, others pale. One male indi-
vidual (29408) was obtained at Panama by Dr. Gilbert; another (30995) at
Piinama by Mr. Kowell. (Jordan &. Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., ii,
1882, 45.)

11

%'

2770 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

\\ i

1,

I, '-J

18r> (a). NETUMA INSULARUH, Flora Hartley Greene.

Ilend 3J in length; width of head ^\ in length; interorbitiil spaee in
length 7; interorbitul sptico in head scarcely 2; snout in head 3; breadth
of mouth in head 2; eye in head 6|. D. I, 7; A. 17. Head much broader
than deep; snout depressed and broadly rounded; eye above the level of
the mouth. Upper jaw projecting. Teeth on vomer and palatines villi-
form and bluntly conical, the 2 vomerine patches forming together a band
almost as long and slightly broader than the premaxillary band, the 2
8id«!s separated by a narrow interspace; palatine teeth well separated
from the vomerine teeth and in 2 large triangular patches which extend
backward over the pterygoid region ; each triangle has a sharp notch in
its anterior side; its antero-posterior length is twice its lateral width ;
teeth of lower jaw in a narrower band than the upper jaw. Maxillary
barbel extending to end of first third of the length of the pectoral spine ;
outer mental barbel to base of pectoral ; inner mental barbel past gill
opening, 2^ in head. Dorsal shield crescent-shaped, without median keel,
length on median line 2| in distance between the horns of the crescent;
2 notches on its anterior side to meet the corresponding points ftom the
occipital process. Occipital process broadly triangular, with the outer
sides concave and 2 small projections at its posterior end. Median keel
evident, rather short. Occipital process much broader at base than long;
its length 3^ in head; posterior breadth 2 in length of process. Fontanel
broad and shallow, narrowed gradually posleriorly to a point halfway
between snout and base of dorsal spine. A narrow line runs back from it
the distance of a long diameter of the eye. Greatest width of the fonta-
nel equals the short diameter of the eye. Shields of the head granular-
Btriate, the stria; evident and extending to the middle of the interorbital
space, and on the side to meet the humeral process at the top of the gill
opening. Opercles nearly smooth. Gill membranes forming a fold across
the isthmus. Dorsal and pectoral spines creuulate in front and sharply
decurved serrate behind. Dorsal shorter than pectoral, which is 1^ in
head. No axillary pore evident. Adipose tin long and low with posterior
margin attached. Vent much nearer ventrals than anal. Color in alcohol,
dark blue above, light blue on side, and white below ; maxillary barbel
dusky; fins all dusky. The type of this species (No. 47577, U. S. Nat.
Mus. ) was collected by the A Ibatroaa in the Galapagos Archipelago, being
part of the collection studied by Jordan & Bollman in 1889. It was
recorded by them (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 179) as " Tachyaurua elatturua
(var?)." Its relations to Netuma elattura ave close, but its fins are better
developed and there are several differences in details of structure.

Xetuma insularum. Flora Hartley G "INe in Gojiert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miia. 1890
(Feb. 5, 1897), 439, Galapagos Archipelago.

69. GALEICHTHYS, Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Dorsal shield small, lunate ; teeth on palate villiform, the patches on
each side not exterding backward over the pterygoid region.

^ ■tf.it- i'^^L'.^ .11,!

Jordan and Rvermann. — Fishes of North America. 2771

Subgenus GALEICHTHYS.

Shields of head mostly covered by Hoft skin, hiding tlio graiiulatioDH.

108. OALEICHTHYS LENTIGIN08US (Eigenmann & Eigonmonn).

Head 4 to 4A; depth 5 to 6. D. I, 6; A. 22. Eye 2\ iu snout, 8| in
head, 4^ in intevocnhir, 2J in interorbital. Body nearly terete anteriorly,
becoming compressed backward ; the width, above the ix'ctorals, a little
greater than the depth. Head Hat, depressed, its depth at base of occipital
process \^ in its greatest width, which is about \\ in its length. Occipi-
tal process somewhat roughened, about twice as long as its greatest
width, its margin straight and «>blique; the middle of the fontanel above
the posterior part of the eye. Head every wher<i covered with skin ; sides
of the head and operde with veriniculating canals. Snout scmiewhat
pointed; upper jaw very little projecting; lips thick; teeth ail villitorm;
the intermaxillary band strongly (curved; vomerine teeth in 2 oval patches
joined to the larger patches of the palatines; mandibulary b.'ind of teeth
separated in front, the outer margins, if continued forward, forming an
angle at the symphysis. Maxillary barbels reaching beyond base of peo-
toruls ; mental barbels reaching about \ toward the gill opening ; the post-
mentals to the gill opening iu 1 specimen, a little before in the other.
Gill membranes forming a broad, free margin across the isthmus. Gill
rakers 3-f 4. Pectoral pore minnte; humeral process pointed behind.
Distance of dorsal from smut 2\ in the length, the dorsal spine covered
with a membrane, its outer margin granular, its height 1? in the head,
the iirst soft ray \\ the length of the fin; distance of adipose lin from the
dorsal 3^ to 4 in the length, the tin adnate, longer than the dors.al; caudal
lunate, the upp(!r lobe longer, somewhat falcate, ^\ to 5 in the h^ngth ;
anal fin twice as long as high, the highest ray 2 to 2^ in the head; ven-
trals short and broad, 1;^ in the head; pectoral spine covered with a mem-
brane, \\ to If in head. Light brown, becoming nearly white below,
the sides freckled; fins reddish. Panama. (Eigenmann &l Eigenmann,
Nematognathi, 50.) •

164. HAIiElCHTHVS PERiryiANUN, Lutken.

Head 3^; depth 4 J to Sf D 1,7; A. 14 to Ifi. Eye 2 iu snout, 7 in
head, 4 m the interocular, 2 in the interorbital. Subterete, tapering to a
long, slender caudal peduncle; the greatest width about equal to tiie
greatest depVi. Head not much depressed; interorbitiil area fiattioh,
the greatest depth of the head If in its length, its greatest width 1^ to
\\ ; the width at angle of mouth 2 in its length ; the surface of the cranial
bones longitudinally furrowed, covered with muscle and skin. Occipital
process more than 3 times as long as wide; anterior fontanel elongate, its
center over the middle ol the eye, continued as a deep groove to the base
of occipital process; a small opening a pupil's distance behind the ante-
rior fontanel, and a larger one in the occipital bone at the end of the
groove. Snout, upper port of the neck, and the opercle sometimes with
conspicuous reticulating mucous canals. Snout blunt, decurvod. Max-
illary barbels extending beyond base of pectoral, mentals about to gill

^

I I
i I

M

-i'!,i|

'j

\

■!J let

--■t

2772 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

openings, the postmeutalH about 1 diameter of the eye farther. Jaws snlt-
etiual, the up])er louger; teeth all fine, Ailliforin ; intermaxillary band of
teeth very wide, its depth about 8 in its width; 2 small patches on the
vomer; palatine patches very wide and shallow, tapering to a point. Gill
membranes meeting at an acute angle, forming a fold across the isthmus ;
gill rakers 3 + 10. Humeral process very thin, covered with skin, more
than i as long as the pectoral spine, broadly expanded and rounded
behind ; pectoral pore present. Distance of dorsal spine from snout 2}
to 2| in the length; the dorsal spine broken off in all the specimens; dis-
tance of adipose from the dorsal 3j{ to 3| in the length ; adipose fin as long
as the dorsal tin, adnate ; caudal fin broadly lunate, the upper lobe longer,
falcate, 3f in the length ; anal fin higher than long,the highest ray 2 to 2^
in liead; ventrals reaching to the anal, 1^ to 2 in head; pectoral spines
broken in all the specimenH. Baek, top of head, and a band from humeral
process to the lower caudal lobe, blue black ; a broad conspicnous, bluish-
silvery band along the lateral line ; lower parts white ; fins blackish ;
ventrals and anal sometimes with light areas. Eleven specimens, 0.25 to
0.35 m. long. Callao, Peru; Haslar Expedition. (Eigenmann & Eigen-
mann, Nematognathi, 5.)

Subgenus HEXANEMATICHTHYS, Bleeker.

Shields not entirely covered by soft skin, the granulations evident,
especially in the male.

187. (lALEICHTHYS KEKMANNI (Oiintber).

D. T, 7; A. 19; P. 1, 10. The height of the body is contained 4^ times
in the total length (without caudal); the length of the head 2^; head
nuich broader than high, its greatest width being equal to its length with-
out snout. Eyes of moderate size, much nearer to the end of the snout
than to the operculum ; the length of the snout is f of the width of the
iuterorbital spac. The median longitudinal fonticulus on the upper side
of the head extends to the base of the occipital process. Teeth on the
vomer separated in the middle by a short interspace, forming a pair of
small subquadrangular patches which are confluent with those uf the pala-
tines. The latter are much longer than broad, elliptical. The band of
intermaxillary teeth is 5^ times as bro^d as long. The maxillary barbels
extend near'y to the end of the head, and are about twice as long as the
outer ones of the mandible. Crown of the head, and nape finely granu-
lar; occipital process broader than long, with a prominent ridge along
its middle. The basal bone of the dorsal spine is small, with a few fine
granules. Dorsal spine of moderate strength, more than \ as long as the
head, serrated along both edges ; the first soft ray is as high as the body.
Adipose fin rather shorter than dorsal. The upper caudal lobe is the
longer, ^ of total length. Porus axillaris present. Ventral fin shorter
than pectoral. Sides of the body silvery; basal half of the inner side of
the paired fins black. Central America. A fine specimen 12 inches long,
from the Haslar collection, collected by Dr. Seemann. (GUnther.)

Ariut teemanni, GUnther, Cat., v, U7, 1864, Central America.

il

I i

, ''i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Ametka. 21'1'Si

Jordan (Proc. Ac. Nat. Hci. Phila. 18H3, 282) adds the following note on
thu type of this species: "Fontanel (extending backward in a deep and
narrow groove which rt^aches the occipital process. Middle of top of hea<l
smooth, ninch as in A. platypogon."

The following account is given by Eigeninanu & Eigenniann (Nema-
tognathi, 78) :

Head 3|; depth ,">. D. I, 7; A. 18. Body about as deep tia wide, taper-
ing to a shmder peduncle. Head flat, depressed in front, top of the head
coarsely granular; opercles Hmooth or with faint striationn; humeral
process slightly granular, covered with skin; the greatest depth of the
head Ijf in its length, greatest width H to lH ; the width at angles of the
mouth 2)t. Occipital process wider than long; fontanel open to abov««
the posterior margin of the eye, with a dee]) backward-extending groove,
luterorbital area smooth, without ridges. Eye 2 in snout, 7 in head, 3j{
to 4 in the interocular, 2^ in the interorbital. Maxillary barbels reaching
slightly beyond base of pectorals, mental barbels |^ toward the gi.U open-
ing, the postmentals i a diameter of the tye behind the gill o{>e'iingor
farther. Upper jaw longer; teeth all villiforui; vomerine teeth in 2 small
ovate patches,' which are separated from each other but joined to the much
larger palatine patches. Gill membranes forming a moderate fold across
the isthmus. Gill rakers 5-f-12. Pectoral pore large; vertical series of
pores present. Distance of dorsal fin from tip of snout 2^ to 2} in th«t
length, the spine rather stout, 1^ in head, its out< r edge granular toothed,
its inner edge with short, recurved teeth; di-stance of the adipose tin from
the dorsal Si to 3J^ in the length; adipose fin slightly longer than high,
shorter than the dorsal fin. Caudal 4 iu the length; anal emarginate,
little longer than high; ventrals If to 2 in the length of the head; pec-
toral spine H ii head, its anterior margin granular toothed, its inner
edge with long, straight teeth. Plumbeous, silvery below ; fins dusky,
inner surface of ventrals and pectorals dark. One female 0.28 m., Panama.
One male 0.21 m., Panama.

187(a). OALEICHTHTS OILBEBTI, Jordan & Williamn.

Head 3^ to 4; width of head 5^; depth 5. D. I, 7; A. IV, 14. Bo«ly
comparatively elongate, the head, depressed but not very broad, somewhat
broader than high ; eye rather large, 5 to 6 iu length of head ; width of
iut'erorbital space 2^ in head ; breadth of mouth If ; length of snout 3^.
Teeth all villiform; bands of vomerine teeth separated by a rather wide
interval, each small, roundish, confluent with the neighboring palatine
band, the junction marked by a slight constriction ; palatine band ovate,
broad behind, varying considerably in size and somewhat in form, the
width ranging from ^ diameter of eye to |, being generally largest in
adults; band of palatine teeth without backward prolongation ; band of
maxillary teeth rather broad and short, its length about 5 times its
breadth. Maxillary barbel flattened at base, reaching a little past base of
pectoral in young, scarcely to gill opening iu adult; outer mental barbels
2 in head, inner 3. Gill rakers 4 -\- 12. Dorsal shield very short, narrowly
crescent-shaped, its length on median line not more than ^ that of one

! i

'il

■II

f

\^'

m
Si

ff:^"r''^^i^'l^g^f-?^^y^^^ •

2774 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

j*a is^^, -^

1:1

of its sides. Occipital process snbtriangnlnr, not quite as long as broad
at base, with a Htrong median keel, its sij^eo slightly curved. A short
distance in front of the beginning of the keel is the end of the very nar-
row groove-like fontanel, which is somewhat widen<Ml anteriorly, finally
merging into the broad, flat, smooth interorbital area, the boundaries of
which are not well defined ; shields of head unusually smooth, all finely
and very sparsely granular, the granules not forming distinct lines. Some
specimens (probably femalcH) about as smooth as in the subgenus CtaU-
ivhthya. Gill membranes forming a rather broad fold across isthmus.
Dorsal spine long, usually, but not always, shorter than the poctoral
spine, about If in head; axillary pore absent; humeral process rather
broadly triangular, not much produced backward, less than ^ length
of pectoral spine, its surface not gratuilar, covered with skin; adipose
fin I length of anal, its posterior margin little free; upper lobe of
caudal the longer and somewhat fal'^ate, about as long as head; ventrals
long, about reaching anal in females, rather shorter in males; vent nmch
nearer base of ventrals than anal. Color olive gre«^n, with bluish luster,
white below; upper fins dusky olivaceous; caudal yellowish dusky at
tip; anal yellowish with a median dusky shade; ventrals yellowish, the
basal hail ot upper side abruptly black ; pectorals similarly colored, the
black area rather smaller; maxillary barbel blackish; other barbels pale.
Length 12 to 18 inches. Coast of Sinaloa; very common; by far the most
abundant species at Mazatlan; not lecorded Irom localities farther south.

Arius asmmilig, Jordan &■ Gimieht, Bull. V. S. Fish Coinm., u, 1882, 47; not of OOnther.
Oalnchthy» gilherti, Jori>*n & AVii.liams, Kept. Fishes Sinaloa, in I'roc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895,
395, i»l. 26, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 29213. Coll. Chrts. U. Gilbert.)

188. <aLRICIlTliYS JOKUANI (Eigeuniann & Eigenmann).

Head 3?, to 3*; (l«^pth 5A to 5^. D. I, 7; A. 18; eye large. If in snout,
5A ill head, 2 in the iuterorbitiil, 2f to 3 in the. interocular. The specimens
agree very closely with tln^ description of aaaimilia by Jordan & Cilbert
(jfilberti of the present paper). They differ in the width of the mouth
and in having a pectoral pore. Kather robust, +'- width little less than
the depth ; caudal peduncle compressed. Head heavy, little broader than
high, its height lA in its length, its width If to 1^, width at the angle of
the mouth 2 to 21; interorbital area fiat and smooth; posterior portion
of the head finely and sparsely granular; opercle and humeral process
smooth; occipital process about as long as broad, unusually sharply
keeled ; fontanel extending to above the posterior part of the orbit, con-
tinuing as a deep groove to the base of the occipital process ; maxillary
barbels extending to the pectoral pore, postmentals at least to the gill
opening, mental about f as long as the postmental barbels; snout blunt,
decurved; upper jaw a little produced; teeth all villifrm, those on the
vomer foruiing 2 small, separate, ovate patches, which are contiguous to
the twice or thrice as hirge pahitine patches; gill membranes forming a
fold across the isthmus; gillrakers 6 -{- 9 ; pectoral pore largo; vertical
series of pores present; distance of dorsal spine from tip of snout 2;f to 2^
in the length ; the B^iine of the doraal and pectoral fins granular on the

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North Ametica. 2775

basal half of their outer margin; almost the entire inner margins serrate,
the spines of equal length, 1^ in head; distance of adipose fin from the
dorsal 3)^ in the length ; the adipose more than \ as long as the dorsal
fin, its posterior margin free ; caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe longer,
somewhat falcate, 3| to 4 mi length ; anal fin about as long as high, deeply
emarginate, lis highest ray 2| in head; ventral fins not reaching to the
anal, 2 in head. Dorsal surface dark blue, with metallic luster, becoming
silvery below; lower caudal lobe dusky; basal half of the inner surface
of the paired fins black. (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, Nemutognathi, 79.)
Panama; known only from specimens in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. The specimens from Mazatlan referred to jordani, seemanni, and
asatMilia by authors belong to G^leichthya yilberti.

188(a). OALKICKTHYS AZUKKl'K, Jonlun & Williams.

Head 3i; width ot head 4|i ; depth 9. D. I, 7; P. I. 10; A. IV, 14. Gill
rakers 6 + 13. Body robust, its width anteriorly greater than its depth ;
caudal peduncle short, stout ; distance from end of anal fin to base of
median caudal rays about | length of head. Head flat, very broad, its
depth at posterior angle of jaw about i its width; interorbital region flat,
smooth anteriorly and granulated posteriorly ; fontanel almost obsolete,
wide anteriorly and ending in a short groove posteriorly at a point i dis-
tance from tip of snout to posterior end of occipital process ; top of head,
occipital process, and antedorsal shield finely grannlar, granulations
mostly arranged in radiating striie and extending forward to a line with
the pupils ; nostrils very large and close together, posterior one with a
broad valve; occipital process pentagonal, its length 4^ in head, about as
long as wide, with a very low ridge; dorsal shield crescent-shaped, with
points extending back on aach side of fin, its median length about i the
length of the side; eye small, about 9 in head; interorbital width almost
2 in head; snout almost 4 in head; breadth of mouth 2i3|f in head; maxil-
lary barbel slender, thick at base, 1^ in liead ; outer mental barbel reaching
to posterior angle of jaw, about 2* in head ; inner mental barbel about 4 in
head; teeth all villiform; i)remaxillary band narrow, about i as wide as
long : vomerine and ])alatine bands of teeth fully confluent on each side,
forming together a cres<'ent-shaped patch, narrowly divided on the median
line of the vomer; form of vomerine bands similar to that of the palatine
bands but smaller; palatine band of teeth without backward prolonga-
tions; opercle with radiating ridges; liumeral process granular, trian-
gular, lower posterior corner prominent; .axillary pore very small; gill
membranes forming a broad fold across isthmus ; dorsal fin short, base not
including spine equal to base of adipose dorsal; dorsal spine robust, but
little shorter than pectoral spine, about 2 in he.<id, its anterior serra; small
and tubercle-like, its posterior edge, as well as that of pectoral, retrorsely
i^errate; soft rays of dorsal extending but little beyond spine, the longest
about ^ length of head; adipose dorsal about A as high as long; caudal
lobes unequal, the upper lobe about ^ longer than lower lobe; anal short,
of medium height; distiinee from vent to base of ventrals i distance from

1^

\m

.iM:-'t

WlWf^^^'^^^^^Tfl'^W^

:wyr'

•if

/■

^^

7 !

2776 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

origin of anal; x>ectoral spine A'ery strong, its anterior margin with serra^
towaid the tip, becoming small tubercles toward base; soft rays but littlu
longer than spine, which reaches slightly beyond \ distance from origin to
base of ventrals. Color dark blue, with silvery reflections on sides; belly
pale; mental barbels dusky; maxillary barbels light below and black
above; paired fins darkest on inner side; other fins almost uniformly
dusky. One specimen, 19^^ inches lf)ng, taken by the Hox)kins Expedition
at Mazatlan; probably not distinct from Vt. guatemalensis.

Galeiehthys azureut, Jokdan & Wili-iams, Kept. Fishes Siiialua, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci.
1895, 398, pi. 27, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 1575, L. S. Jr. Univ. MuB. Coll. Hopkins
Exped. to Siuoloa.)

180. (ULEIOIITHYS t^KRULKSCKNS (Giinther).

D. I, 7; A. 17; P. I, 10. The height of the body is contained about 5
times in the total length (without candiil), the loiigtli of the head 3^ or 3^
times; head much broader than high, its greatest width being f of its
length. Eyes rather small, their diameter beii-g i of the extent of the
snout, t of their distance from the gill opening, and i of the width of the
intcrorbital si)ace. The teeth on the palate form a slightly curved band,
composed of 2 vomerine patches which are much broader than long, and
of a pair of palatine patches which are subcontinuons with, scarcely
broader and hmgcr than, those of the vomer. The barbels of the maxil-
laries extend to the middle, the outer ones of the mandible to the base of
the pectoral. Crown of the head granular; occijiital process broader
than long, subtriangular, subtmncated behind, and slightly raised along
the median line; the basal bone of the dorsal spine is subtriangular,
small. Dorsal spine of moderate strength, more than i as long as the
head, granulated in front and sllglitly serrated behind ; the first soft ray
is as high as the body ; adipose fin shorter than the dorsal ; caudal deeply
forked, with the upper lobe the longer, its length being nearly equal to
that of the head; pectoral spiue serrated along its inner edge and on
the extremity of its outer edge ; it is as long as the head v ithont snout.
Ventral fin shorter than pectoral. Sides steel-blue iridescent, blackish
toward the back, and silvery below; vertical fins black; inner side of the
paired fins blackish. Guatemala, a-b. Fine specimens, 12 inches long.
Hnamuchiil. From the collection of Messrs. Godman and Salvin. (Giin-
ther, Cat., V, 149.)

The following note on the types of this species is given by Jordan (Proc
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, 282) : "Head more depressed than in A. tt88imili».
Fontanel very short, ending abruptly behind and not produced in a groovt;
bt^hind the smooth area of the top of the head, the boundary of the smooth
axea being rather abruptly convex. Occipital process broader than long,
its edges nearly straight. Hands of palatine teeth small, not produced
backward on the inner margin. Paired fins black at base above." No
recent collector has found this species.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2777

189(a). OALKICIITIIYS XKNAIJCIIEX, Oilliert, ii.nv Hpeciea.

Head 3J in leugth; depth ut front of dorsal 5^; anal 23. Width of head
at opende 1} in its length; width at front of eyes 2 in head; width of
mouth at inner angles 2* in head; interorbital width 2,',, , eye very small,
!t ill head, 31^ in its distance from tip of snout, 4^ in postocular part of
liead, 4jt in interorbital width. Teeth all villiform; uiandilnilar bands
well separated on middle line, very broad niesially, rajiidly tapering to a
poiut laterally, the band produced beyond angle of mouth, its greatest
width 2* times in its length; premaxillary baud very convoxly curved,
(<dh>wing the outline of the snout, its width W^ in its length; vomerine
patches roundish, separated by an evident medial groove, marked oil"
from the palatine patches by a narrower groove and a eoiistrictiou; tlie
palatine })atche8 are equal iu width to' the vomerine patches, and less
than twice as long, of nearly equal width throughout. Maxillary barbels
very slender, reaching slightly beyond the base of the i)ectoral spine;
the mental barbels do not reach edge of gill membrane, the outer pair
e<[ualing length of snont and \ of eye. Nostrils very large, the anterior
broadly oval, with widely retlexed rim; the posterior widely elliptical, not
concealed by the valvts; distance from anterior nostril to tip of snout
equaling that from posterior nostril to front of eye. Fontanel wide, with
nearly parallel edges on frontal region, abruptly narrowing at front of
occiput, where it is continuous with a narrow and shallow groove; the
latter fails to reach base of (x^cipital process by a distance equaling \
diameter of eye. The raised margins of tlie fontanel continuous
with a pair of sharp ridges bounding the groove, these accompanied
l»y a pair of lower ridges on their outer sides and parallel with them;
posteriorly these ridges roughened with granules and merging into
the granulated area on posterior ])art of occiput; occipital process
iiranulated, the granules arranged in more or less delinite lines
radiating backward and downward on each side from median point
of base; lateral portions of occiput with an area of radiating stria'
separated from the central ildges by a smooth groove-like ilepression;
a narrow graiiulatt^d area extending forward on each side of fontanel to
above back of orbits; occipital process very long and narrow, Its width
opposite its middle being l»ut % of its length, abruptly expanding near
base, the basal width being 4 its length pins that of dorsal plate on
median line; opercles and humeral plate weakly striate. Gill membranes
with a wide, free ftdd posteriorly; gill rakers weak and short, I -|- I
movable ones; no (evident axial pore. Dorsal spine slender, with a series
i>f sharp granulations on anterior edge, minutely roughened, not serrate,
behind, broken in the type, but its length was about \ that of head ; pec-
toral spines rather slender, rough granular on outer margins, with short,
tine serra^ within, both niutilatiMl in the type, but their length Avas about
equ.'il to that of dorsal spine; pectoral extending nearly ij distance to
ventrals, the ventrals n«!arly to origin of anal ; distance from anus to base
of ventrals > its distance from front of anal; anal iin very long, its >>a8e
li^ in head, its longest ray i head; distance between dorsals 3* in length;
adipose tin long, highest about op))usite the middle, a short, almost verti-
3030 97

I !

-it !• ,^

■*l»»^,iT»f[»iw;.i;

w^^^l^my^Wsm^^!^i?f^i'^m!f'y^'

2778 Bulletin //, United States National Museum,

cal, free posterior margin, its vertical height 3;] in its length; the latter
over twice its distance from rnilinientary caudal rays, greater than base
of first dorsal, ecinal to \ length of head ; caudal with broad lobes, the
lower ronnded; the upper nintilated in the type, but evidently acute and
longer than the lower. Color purplish above, more bluisli anteriorly, th(^
lower parts silvery, coarsely punctate with brown ; iins all blackish except
the lower surface of the paired iins. In appearance most closely allied tu
species of Netiima, having the low, depressed head with the lateral out-
lines converging forward to the narrow pointed snout, and a long, largely
adherent adipose dorsal. The pahitinc patches are, however, narrow au<l
without backwardly projecting lobes. The specries is distinguished from
all those known from the Pacific coast of America by the long and extra-
ordinarily narrow occipital process. Type, a female 380 mm. long, from
Panama. (IfVoj, strange; avxyy, nape.)

(hileichthyH xenmichen, (iiLUEKT, Fishes of ranunia, MS. 1898, Panama.

190. (JALKIOIITHYS CilUATRNAIiENSIS (Gunther).

Head 3? (4s in total); width of head 5 (6^); depth ^ (7). D. I, tj;
P. I, 10; A. Ill, 15. Length (28140, U. S. Nat. Mus.) 12^ inches. Bo<ly
slender, its width anteriorly greater than depth; caudal peduncle com-
pr«'S8cd, short; distance from end of anal to base of median caudal rayn
about J length of head. Head depressed, not very broad, its depth a1
posterior margin of brancliiostegal membranes less than jj its width;
interorbital region Hat, smooth, the smooth area forming a br(»ad equilat-
eral triangle, its base at the interorbital space, the apex at a point J the
distance from snout to dorsal, the triangle forming the termination o'f the
almost obsolete fontanel; top of head, occipital process, and antedorsal
shield finely granular, some of the anteri(»r granulations only arranged in
lines, none of them in radiating striae Occipital process broadly trape-
zoidal, its width slightly greater than the length of its side, with Ji slight
or obsolete median carina; its posterior margin truncated; its sidcn
slightly convex posteriorly, concave toward the front. Dorsal shield
small, narrow, crescent-shaped, its median length about | the length of
its side. Eye small, 6 in head; interorbital width 2| in head; snout I
ill head; breadth of mouth 2. Maxillary barb»d very slender, reaching
base of pe<rtoral spine; outer mental barbel to well beyond margin of
brancliiostegal membranes, its length altout ^head; inner mental barbel
3 in head. Teeth all villiform; width of premaxillary band about i*^^ its
length ; vomerine and palatine bands of teeth fully confluent on each side,
forming together a crescent-shaped patch, narrowly divided on the median
line of the vomer; form of vomerine baml similar to that of the palatine
band; palatine band of teeth witlumt backward prolongation; opercle
with radiating ridges; humeral process granular, narrow, produced back-
ward, not quite ^ length of pectoral spines; no axillary pore. Gill mem-
liranes forming a narrow fold across isthmus. Dorsal short, its base
about (^qual to that of the atlipose dorsal; dorsal spine robust, but little
shorter than the pectoral spine, about j} length of head, its anterior serrtc
small and tubercle-like; its posterior edge, as well as that of the pe(;toral,
retrorsely serrate ; soft rays of dorsal extending much beyond the spine,

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2779

the loDf^oHt about f length of head; adiposo dorsal about \ as high as
long, its posterior margin largely fn^e; caudal very widely forked, the
upper lobe falcate, nearly \ longer than the lower, as long as head; anal
short and low ; distanee from vent to base of ventrals slightly more than
^ its distance from origin of anal; pectoral spim* very strong, much
stronger than dorsal si^ine, its anterior uiar<;iu with serra^ toward the tip,
becoming small tuher(;les toward base ; inner edge with strong retror.se
serra', the soft rays longer than spines, reaching \ distance to base of
ventrals. Color very dark bluish or greenish above; sides with brou/e
luster; belly silvery ; mental barbels white, with black edge; maxillary
barbels blackish ; fins all blackish, the caudal nearly uniform; paired lins
darkest on inner side ; sides with vertical series of mucous pores, t-ou-
spicuous in life. This species is not uncommon at Mazatlan, where several
sxieciniens were obtained by Dr. Gilbert. Four specimens from Colima
are also in the National Museum. It has not been observed at Panama.
The original description of this species is brief and not entirely correct.
That it was intended to refer to the species here described we have as«er-
tained by the examination of Dr. Giinther's original types in the British
Museum. (Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., ii, 1882, 48.)

191. GALEIGUTHT8 A8S1MILIN (Ounther).

D.I, 7; A. 19; P. 1, 10. The height of the body is contained 4| times
in the total length (without caudal), the length of head 3if; head much
broader than high, its greatest width being | of its length. Eyes rather
small, situated nearer to the end of snout than to that of operculum;
the length of snout is 'i of the width of interorbital space. The median
longitudinal fonticulus on the upper side of the head does not extend to
the base of occipital process. Teeth on vomt^r but slightly separated in
the middle, forming a pair of oblong transverse patches which are con-
iluent with those on the palatine bones; the latter are short, club-shaped.
The band of intermaxillary teeth is 5 times as broad as long. All the
teeth villiform. The nuixillary barbels extend nearly to the end of head;
the liMigth of the outtT ones of the mandible is-^ or | that of the head.
Crown of the head granular, the granulations being arranged in radiating
streaks. Occipital process broader than long, triangular, with its hinder
end concave. The basal bono of the dorsal spin<i of moderate size, cres-
ceut-shaped. Dorsal spine of moderate strength, more than \ as long as
head, granulated in frtmt and slightly serrated behind; the first soft ray
longer than s))ine and as h igh as body ; adipose fin shorter than dorsal ; caudal
deeply forked, with the up))er lobe the longer, its length being (-(mtaiued
5^ times in the total; pectoral spine serrated along its inner edge and on
the extremity of the outer edge; ventral fin shorter than pectoral. Sides
of the body silvery; vertical fins grayish; basal half of the inner sicU". of
the paired fins black. Guatemala. A fine specimen, i:^ inches long. Lake
of Yzabal. From the collection of Messrs. Godman and Salvin. (Gliuther,
Cat., V, 146.)

Jordan (Proc. Ac. Nat, Sci. Phila. 1883, 281) has the following note on
the type of this species: "Area between the eyes smooth, extending
backward in the form of a rather nairow triangle, which is moderately

,!M

f

m

I'M IIS

^^!?m^>^%fm>Ww'^^

I

ifp

i'y.'.

t
I

I'M

;^ I

ii '^

11

"• !

i :; ':

2780 BttUethi ^7, United States National Museum.

obtuse bohiud. Foatunel narrow and short, ending far in front of
occipital process, not extending backward us a groove behind the smooth
urea of the top of the head; posterior end of fontanel midway between
tip of snout and middle of dorsal shield. Occipital process broad, its
edgt'S not straight. Hand of palatine teeth large, but not produced l>ack-
ward on the inn«'r margin. * * » There is no evidence of the occur-
rence of the true A. ussimilis in Pacific waters."

102. OALKICHTIIIX SIJIIINAHENSIS (lileoker), text, i>. 120.

I»». (iALKItHTHYS »AKY(;KI>HALUK (Gimtlior).

lIead4A (.51 in total); depth 6 (7i in total); width of head 5*. D. I,
7; A. IV, 17. Length (2!>4()0) 11 inches. Hody elongate, compressed
behind, the head small, narrow, and moderately depressed anteriorly, the
snout not A'ery blunt. Eye ratlier large, placed somewhat above level of
angle of mouth, its length 5 in head; width of iuterorbital space 2/; in
head; breadth of mouth 2^; length of snout 3^. Teeth villiform, thoso
of vomer and palatines rather coarse, bluntly conic; bands of vomerine
teeth separated by a rather broad area, each confluent with the neighbor-
ing palatine band, the two forming a small oblong patch much smaller
than the eye, the division between the palatine and vomer scarcely
ai)preciable. I'alatine bnnds without backward ])rolongation. Bands of
teeth in Jaws short and broiid. Maxillary barbel reaching about to
middle of pectoral 8i)ine; outer mental barbel to base of pectoral ; inner
slightly more than .J head. Dorsal shield short, cresceut-8hap«'d, a
little more than 3 times as broad as long on the median line. Occipital
process subtriangular, its sides straight, slightly longer than broad, its
median line rather sharply keeled. Close in front of its base begins thi;
deep fontanel, which is narrow and groove-like posteriorly, becoming
rather abruptly broader above the opercle, then gradually narrowed
anteriorly. Ridges bounding f<mtanel ])roniinent anteriorly to a point
just bt^liind vertical from nostrils, coarsely granular for their whole
length, the granules mostly arranged in 1 series. Between these ridges
and the eye on each side is another ridge extending obliquely backward
and inward I'rom altove iront of eye, likewise very coarsely granular, the
granules mostly in 2 series. Shields of head all rough granular, the
granules forming irregular lines. Gill membranes forming a narrow fold
across isthmus. Dorsal spine moderate, about equal to pectoral spine, 1|
in head; axillary pore present, small; humeral process broad, scarcely
granular, about f pectoral spine; adipose fin rather long and low; caudal
long, the upperlol)e the longer, somewhat louger than head ; anal long and
high, its outline emarginate, its longest rays a little more than | head;
ventrals long, the vent nearer their base than that of anal. Color dusky,
the entire ventral surface soiled with dark points; fins all largely blac^k-
ish; barbels black. Two specimens were obtained at Panama by Dr.
Gilbert. This species may be known at once by the 4 granulated ridges,
which extend the length of the iuterorbital space. In the female, later
taken, the granulations on the head are largely covered by soft skin.

1

'1

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2781

104. 0ALEICHTIIY8 LONOICKPHAI.IIS (Eigeiiinaiin &. Kigonniaiiii).

Head 3f; depth 6J. D. I, 7; A. 20. EIon|rate, 8l(inder, greatest width
little greater than the depth. Head long and depn^ssod, its greatest
width 1^ in its length, its greatest depth little more than \ its length.
Top of head Avith faint granules almost entirely ('onc<'aled hy the skin;
interorhital area Hat and with 4 ridges which are ohscuroly granular, tho
inner two bordering the fontanel, tho outer ones curved in front extend-
ing obliquely backward from near the poHtorior nasal opening; occipital
process as long as broad, its margins concave; fontanel produced as a
deep groove to the base of the occipital process; opercle faintly striate;
humeral process entirely covei'ed with thick skin, not granular. Ky<i
lateral, well above the angle of the mouth, its diameter 1^ in snout, (5 in
head, 3 in interocular; snout depressiid and rounded in front. Maxillary
barbels extending scarctjly beyond base of p»^ctoral, mentals not to gill
opening. Upp«'r jaw little projecting; width of the mouth 2^ in the head;
mtermaxillary teeth long and slender, the depth of the band \\ in its width ;
vomerine and palatine teeth ol)tu8ely conical, the vomerine patches 8e]»-
arate, contiguous to, but not coullu(uit with, th«^ jtalatine patches, frill
m«^mbrane8 not forming an angle where they meet, with a rather broad,
free margin. Gill rakers short and thick, 4 -f- f>' Pectoral pore small;
vc!rti(^al series of por«>8 present; distance of dorsal fin from tii) of snotit
2* in the length, the spine li^in the head, its outer margin granular-toothed
iKMir its base, its inner margin with short teeth ; distanc*; of adipose iin from
the dorsal 3,'; in the l«>ngth; adipose fin mu<-h longer than high, as long as
the dorsal fin; cauda) forked, the^ upper lobe ^longer than the lower, very
nearly as long as head, 3^ in the length; anal fin emarginate, scarcely
long(T than high, its height 2^ in the head; ventrals reaching almort to
the anal, about 2 in head; p<'ctoral spine a little longer than the dorsal
spine \\ in the head; its outer edge roughen«'d, inner edge with rather
sharp teeth. Brown abov*^, the sides silvery, entire vtiutral surface
sprinkh^d with brown dotu; a black median line on the back; fins dusky;
barbels blackish. One specimen, a male, .2S) ni. long (No. 4972, M.C. Z.).
Panama. St«audachner. (Eigenmann &, Eigi^nuiann, Nematognathi, 82.)

105. flAliKICHTII* S s '.lOIKIMNIS (Cuvicr & Valenciennes)

Head 3i to 4; depth o\ to 6. D. T, 7; A. 19 to 21. Slender, compressed
on the tail. Head broad and depressed, tapering forward; width of the
tiead 1.^ to If in its length, at the angle of the mouth 2;^ to 2A ; depth of
head 1;| to 2; profile rather steep. Top of hea«l, humeral process, front
and sides of spines, and dorsal plate granular, the granulation not extend-
ing forward to above middle of cheeks. Occipital process triangular,
about as long as broad, the median ridge not very proiuineut. Middle of
fontanel behind the eye, the posterior portion Bex)arated by a bridge,
not continued backward as a groove; interorhital r(^gion with 4 ri«lges.
Eye small, 3 in snout, 10 in head, 3.^ in the interocular. liarbels villiform.
Maxillary barbel reaching to or beyond base of pectoral; ])ostinental to
gill opeuiiig, mental barbels much shorter. Mouth inferior, lower jaw

\\

■ 4i

W

j-,^

i.l

Ti'.'''^KlWW7T5'-!7w^^

1

;!^

2782 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

included, lips thick; teeth villiform, the anterior ones in the jaws longer;
depth of the intermaxillary hand 4 in its width; palatine patches 1 diam-
eter of eye apart, the width of the patches less than 1 diameter of eye.
<>ill membranes meeting in an angle, forming a fold across the isthmus.
Gill rakers 6 + 11. Pectoral jmre none; vertical series of pores present.
Distance of dorsal spine from the snout 2jt to 2\ in the length, the spint^
broken in the specimens examined. Space between dorsal and adipos*^
fins 4 to 4^ in the length. Adipose iin adnate, as long as the anal iin;
ventrals 2^ in the head; pectoral spine serrated behind (broken). Two
specimens 0.22 m. and 0.26 m. long. Para. Agassiz and lionrget. (Eigen-
mann & Eigenmann, Nematognathi, 83.)

190. OAIiEICIITHTS PHRVflUTUS (Ciivicr it Valeiicioiines), text, p. 130.

J !

.; :

1 iT

74. TACHYSURUS, Lac<^phde.

palatine bands of teeth

Teeth oi palate granular ; dorsal shield small
without backwani projeeting angle.

107. TAniYSUKUS NIICHALIS (Guii'licr).

1). I, 7; A. 21; P. I, 10. The height of the body ^ of the total lengtli
(without caudal), the lengtli of head ^. Head as broad as high, its greatest
width being f its length; i ts upper surface granulated; occipital proces-s
triangular, as long as broad, with the lateral margins slightly concave;
it is elevated into an obtuse ridge running along the middle ; the longi-
tudinal groove in the middle of the forehead is rather wide, narrow
behind, and does not extend to the base of occipital process. Teeth on
palate are coarsely granular, and form 2 subtriangular patches of moderate
extent, which, sometimes, are subcontinuous with their anterior angles.
The maxillary barbels extend nearly to end of pectoral. Dorsal spine
of moderate strength, slightly serr 'ied along both edges, ^ length of
head; adipose fin small, shorter '..an dorsal; pectoral spine as long as,
but stronger than, that of dorsul ; pectoral fin shorter than head. British
Guiana, a-c. Six inches long. Purchaaedof Mr. Scrivener, d-f. Young.
Presented by Sir R. Schonibargk. (Giinther, Cat., v, 171.)

108. TACHYSURU.S FISKUS (Cuvior & Yalenciennen) .

D.I, 7; A. 20 or 21. Lengthof head li^ of the total (without caudal). Tlie
distance between the end of su<,at and that of occipital process ^ of the
total length (with caudal) ; basal bone of dorsal spine small. The teeth
on the palate form 2 separate subovato patches. The maxillary barbel
extends to, or nearly to, the middle of pectoral fin. Adipose fm sniail.
Cayenne, a-b. Presented by Prof. R. Owen. These specimens having
liad the cavity of the mouth and of the gills extended in an extraordinary
manner, I was induced to examine the cause of it, when, to my great sur-
prise, I found them tilled with about 20 eggs, rather larger than an ordi-
nary pea, perfectly uninjured, and with the embryos in a forward state of

i i

|f;IU^|

Jordan and Ever mami. — Fishes of North America. 2783

development. The specimens iire males, from 6 to 7 inches long, and in
each the stomach was almost om))ty. Althou;|rh the <^ggs might have been
pnt into the mouth of the fish by th<'ir captor, this does not appear prob-
able. On the other hand, it is a well-known fact that the Aujorican
Siluroids take care of their progeny in various ways; and I have no doubt
that in this species iuid in its allies the mabis carry the eggs in tlunr
mouth, deposit! ig them in places of saf«;ty, and removing them when
they fear the approach of danger or diHturban4;e. (Gilnther, Cat., v, 172.)

100. TAC'HYSURUM "^PIXII (Aj^asniz).

Head 3j| to 4; depth 5 to 5^. D. I, 7; A. 21. Body compressed, espe-
cially toward the caud.'il flu, the depth greater than tho width. Head
narrowed forward, its greatest width \\ in its b^ngth, its greatest depth
li ; width at the moutli 2,1 in the length of the head. Top of the head
granular in the young, the granules becoming more or Idss united in the
adult, forming lino reticulating ridges, especially on the occipital process,
longer than broad, with a blunt median ridge, the margins concave. Fon-
tanel narrow, without interruptions, continued as a deep tapering groov<^
to near the base of the occipital process; iuterorbital area with 4 ridges;
opttntles and humeral process roughened, covered with skin; sidt-s of the
bead, and snout with reticulating mucous canals. Eye 1.^ to 2 iu tlie snout,
5 to 6^ iu the head, 2f to 3 in the interocular. Maxillary barbels varying
in extent, from about the middle of the pectoral to the base of the vcu-
trals; postmcntal barbels extending to the base of pectoral or to near its
tip; mentals to edge of gill membrane or to beyond base of pectoral.
Upper jaw projecting; lips more or less papillose; teeth on the intermax-
illary and the imter ones of the mandible, villiform; the inner series of
the mandible and the palate with granular teeth; the palatine patches of
teeth small, subovate, sometimes contiguous in front. Gill membranes
united, joined to the isthmus, not forming a free margin across it; gill
rakers 6 -f 11 tc 13. Pectoral i)ore moderate ; distance of dorsal spine from
snout 2^ to 2f in the length; the spine 1-^ to 1^ iu head, serrated on its
inner margin, granular or almost smooth on its outer margin. Distjince
of adipose from the dorsal fin 3,V to 3? in the length, the* a<lipose lin shorter
than the dorsal fin, free posteriorly ; caudal forked, the upper lobe slightly
the longer, 4 to 5 in the length ; anal fin scarcely longer than high, its
highest ray ab«)ut 2 in head; ventral fin Ij to 2 in head; i)ectoral sjiine
strong, about as long as the dorsal spine, serrated on its inner margin,
granular or scarcely roughened on the outer margin. Color brownish
above, sides and ventral surface silvery, somt'times with brown dots. We
have examined over 70 specimens measuring from 0.07 to 0.24 m. froniMjiran-
hao, Bahia, Rio .Faneiro, Para, Santos in Sfio Paulo, Abrolbos, Brazil. Tlie
specimens from Para are much darker in color, the lips more papillose, the
barbels longer than those of other specimens. The Santos specimens are
ashy above, white below the lateral line, with rather large brown dots on
sides, becoming fewer below. (Kigenmanu «.V Eigenmauu, Nematog-
nathi, «!).)

i 'i^

%

tt ■
1< '.

-1

^W^'

/

« I

iM'

1 I

i

2784 Ihilletin ^7, United States National Museum.

SOO. TA( IIYSIIRIIN INELANOIMIM (OUnthor).

I). I, 7; A. 21 ; 1'. I, 10. The height of the body Ih contained 5 times in
\\w totiil lonjifth (witliout caudal), the length of the head 4jt times; haad
Hoiiiuwhiit broader than high, its greatest width being | of its length; the
occiput and nape are finely granulated; occipital process subtriangular,
aH long iis broad, with the lateral inargiuH somewhat cowcave, and with
tljo median ridg*' a little e]eviit«Ml. The longitudinal groove in the mid-
dle of the «'rown of the head is indistinct, narrow, linear behind, scarcely
extending to tlu* base of the occipital process. The teeth on the palatines
are obtusely conical, and form 2 rather small subovate patches, apart
from each other, and situated on the front part of the palate. The max-
illary barbels do not quite (extend to the middle of the pectoral lin. Dor-
sal spine of moderate strength, scarcely serrated .'interiorly, equal in
l(;ngth to the distance of the gill opening from the anterior margin of the
orl)it, or even somewhat shorter; adipose (in small, the length of its base
Jteiug less than that of tlie dorsal; pectoral spine nearly as long and
strong as that of the dorsal fin, very strongly serrated anteriorly. Porous
axillaries nearly as wide as a nasal opening. The upi>er (inner) surface
of the ventral (ins deep black, the lower (outer) white; the inner sur-
face of the pectorals blackish. IJio Motagua (east slope), a-b. From 8
to 9 inches long. From Mr. Salvin's collection. ((Jiinther, Cat., V, 172.)
The specimens from tl>e I'aciiic Coast mentioned in the text (page 132)
belong to the following 8iie<!ie8.

200(B>. TAOHYSIIIU;s UKOI'UK, Susan B. KriHtol.

Head 3? to 3i; depth 4i? to 5,',r. D. I, 6; A. II, 19; V. I, 9 or 10. Body
elongate, its width antoriorally a little less than depth, the posterior
portion nnicli compressed ; back elevated at front o^ dorsal ; anterior pro-
file from front of dorsal to tip of snout oblique; head flat . ery broad,
its width \\ in its Ifsngih; snout broad, rounded, 1,',, to 1^ in interorbital
width; eye rather large, laterally jdaced, its width about \\ in its length,
4^ to 4,'o in head; mouth small, ujjper jaw considerably projecting, its
breadth 2.' to 3 in head; Jaws thin; wide bands of minute pointed teeth
present on both jaws; vomerine bands Avidely separated, and indistin-
guishable I'rom the palatine baud, which is small, oblong-ovate, and
scarcely prolonged backward ; interval separating vomerine bands about
2| or 3 in eye; the teeth on these bands larger than those on jaws, and
very bluntly conical. Interorbital space broad, 2\ to 3 in head, liarbels
long and slender, the maxillary barbel extending to, nearly to, or, in
8om4» cases, past base of pectoral, l,'^ to 1? in head; outer mental barbel
li to 1^ in head; inner mental l)arbol 2^ to 2| in head. Ante<lorsal
shield very short, narrowly crescent-shaped, its length on the median lino
about 2 or 3 in its width; occipital process subtriangular, a little longer
than broad at base, its edge slightly concave, its median keel strong.
The long, narrow groove of the iontauel beginning abruptly a short dis-
tance in front of occipital keel, the distance from its end to base of dorsal
1^ to 2 in the distance to tip of snout. .Shields of head rather smooth,
finely granular, the granules Corming distinct lines anteriorly. The flat

■.;■' i

■.„t ■!

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2785

area between eyes triangular, with a median groove extending from fon-
tanel forward to tip of snout, its posterior end a little behind eye, the
granulations on each Bi«l ^ of it extending forward as far as posterior bor-
der of pupil; opercles with no radiating stria). Gill membranes forming
a very narrow fold across the isthmus. Gill rakers 5-j- 12. Nostrils 2 on
either side, large, placed dose togeth(a* and near tip of snout, the poste-
rior with a large flap; axillary i)ore well devidoped; humeral process
smooth, very short, 4 to 5J in pectoral spine. Base of dorsal 2? to 2,''? in
head; dorsal spine long and very strong, 1| to \\ in head, its upper ante-
rior serrip. small and tnberele-like, its upper posterior and its lower edges
retrosely serrate ; the soft rays extending considerably beyond the spine,
1,^ to \\ in head; adipose fin small, its bast) 3J to \\ in head, its height \\
to 2 in its base; caudal widely forked, the upper lobe, measured from
base of caudal to its tip, the longiT, about \\ in head; base of anal Ig to
1!^ in head, its longest ray 2j^ to 2^^ in head; veutrals reaching \ to | the
distance to origin of anal; vent abunt midway between origin of ventrals
and origin of anal; pectoral spine l.V in head, serrate, the serra; on inner
edge larger and sharper than those on outer, the upper anterior serra*
tubercle like, the rays a little longer than spine. Bluish silvery, light yel-
low isli below; top of lusad and back brown; fins dusky olive, lighter at
base, all margined with darker; ventrals pale ; adipose Uncovered with
minute black dots; maxillary barbels dark brown, with bluish silvery
luster; other barlu^ls lighter; eye yellowish. Here described from 6 spec-
imens IVom San .luan Lagoon, mouth of Kio Ahome, 8onora, Mexico (No.
47584, U. S. Nat. Museun»). Ti<'ngth 7i to 9 ln<hes.

Taehtinurvs liropng, Uhistoi., in Gn-iiEUT, I»n>c. TJ. S. Nat. Miis. 1806 (Fob. 5, 1897), 438,
San Juan Lagoon, near mouth of Rio Ahome, Sonora, Mexico.

200(b). TAdHYSIIRUS KMMRLAXK, Gilbert, new species.

Head 3f in length (4rV in total) ; depth ti (6 in total). A. 27 (3 -f 24).
Eye 7 in head, 2i in its distance from tip of snout, 4 in postorbital part of
head, 3| in intororbital width, 2,\ in frontal width opposite middle of
eyes. Mouth of moderate width, gently convex, the distance between its
angles (measured internally) 2* in head. Teeth in preniaxillary and front
of mandible linely villiform; posterior mandibular teeth stronger than
those in front, bluntly conic, not, however, granular or Hat and pavement-
like, as are the po.sterior mandibular teeth in T.fnrthii, T. melanopus, and
T. Hropus. Mandibular bands with a wide interspace mesially, each wid-
est near symphysis, rapidly tapering laterally, and extending beyond
angle of mouth. The width of the bands is less than in related species, {
oye at their widest point. The length of 1 of the mandibular bands is
slightly greater (lio) thfin length of eye. Premaxillary band very short,
its length but 'j greater than that of 1 of the mandibular bands, extend-
ing on each side less than k distance from median line to angle of mouth;
width of band /, its length. Palatine teeth granular, in small oblanco-
olate patches, which taper to a point laterally, and are widely separated
on medial line, the patches agreeing in size and shape with those in
T. liroj)U8. Head depressed, tapering and at the same time narrowing

til

[,«

m

mm

\f>V!^'JWn!tiv§'iiiHn;'<' ^ -■■'m'xy'p

Iti;

i:.

■ <

' . I

J ■ tl'

2786 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

anteriorly, ns in other speciett of Tachiftiirut; profile rising in a uniform,
gently convex curve to oo(;iput, whore it becomes concave, owing to the
more rapidly ancending outline of the occipital process. Eye low, but
little above angle of mouth, tho interorbital space decidedly convex.
Harbcls slender, the maxillary barbels rea(^hing edge of gill membrane in
front of pectoral spine, the outer mental barbels exttmding beyontl gill
membrane, H in head, the inner not to edge of membrane. Gill mem-
brane widely attached to isthmus, without free edge. Occipital region
with very fine granulations, those on middle of occiput forming parallel
series along the fontanel groove, those on median portion of occipital
process in series which diverge backward from the median line. The
sculptured area extends forward to a vertical which traverses the cheek
at a distance of its own diameter btthind the eye ; anterior edge of graiin-
lated area equidistant between tip of snout and front of dorsal plate;
ftmtanel produced backward as a deep, narrow groove, which fails to
reach base of oci-ipital process by a distance eiiualing ^ the length of the
process on the median line; the groove widening but little anteriorly;
iin area behind and on each side of the groove with parallel series of
granulations, and marked off from the rest of the head by a shallow
trench; base of occipital process similarly indicated by a trauHverst;
indent4>d line; occipital procesn not keeled, very wide at base, becoming
abruptly very narrow behind, its posterior ^ having parallel margins
and being as wide as long, the lateral margins therefore deeply concave;
width of process at base e(iiialing its length on median line, ]>1uh that
of dorsal plate, its hinder edge d<ieply incised to receive the anterior
rounded wedge process of the dorsal plate, the latter finely granulated
anteriorly, the lateral wings concealed under the smooth skin; a nar-
row groove as long as eye occupies the anterior end of the fontanel;
no similar groove found in T. fnrthii, a short roundish one present in the
type of T. liropuH, and a continuous one the entire length of fontanel in
the specimen which we identify with T. melanopua ; opercle without radia-
ting ridges; a short, slit-like axillary pore present; humeral process
short, the exposed portion not broadly triangular, the surface smooth, or
indistinctly rough. Gill rakers 6-|-13, of moderate length and thickness,
the longest below the angle, ^ diameter of eye. Dorsal spine with a series
of obtuse granul.-itions in front and very weak retrorse serra^ behind, its
length to tip of calcified portion l'( in head; longest soft ray 1* in head;
adipose dorsal not adnate, its anterior insertion about over middle of anal ;
distance between dorsals e(|ual to length of hesid ; base of adipose dortsal
much greater than its height, less than base of first dorsal; pcctor:il spine
strong, ridged and granulated in front, the hinder edge with very strong
serrijc; length of spine l|in head, the fin projecting beyond tip of spine
and reaching f distance from axil to base of ventrals ; ventrals reaching
to or nearly to origin of anal; vent midway between base of ventrals and
front of anal; base of anal <Miualing length of pectoral spine; margin of
anal gently concave, the longest ray 2| in head; caudal with pointed
lobes, the low(?r longest in the type, 1? in head Color dark steel blue or
brownish above, becoming bright silvery below; posterior § of anal white

I

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2787

the anterior portion black with a narrow white odge ; p«;ctorala and ven-
trals with anterior (outer) fiico wliite or slightly dusky ; pectorals with
inner face of upper rays black; a black blotch covers all of inner face of
ventrals, except toruiinal half of inner rays; barbels blackish. Clonely
related to T. melanopua and T. muHiradiatua, differing from the former in
the longer anal fin, from the latter in the black markings on lower fiuH.
The description of the type of T. multiradiatus (liagruaf arioidea) Kner &
Steindachiior, Abhandl der K. bayer Akad. der Wissen, X, I, 1864, indi-
cateH a species with much rougher sculpturing of the head, a longer fon-
tanel groove, narrower occipital process, and more anteriorly inserted
adipose dorsal. The type is a single specimen, 280 mm. long, from
Panama. (Gilbert.) (iV, in //c/l<r»'7/, ink.)

Tachyturva emmelane, (iILBERT, Fislien Panama, MS. 1808, Panama.

201. TAVIIYSUKUN KURTHII (StoiiHlachiier).

Head 3i to 3J; depth H to .5^. D. I, 7; A. 20. Hody (ompressed poste-
riorly ; profile slightly convex. Head broad, tajtoring forward, its great-
est width If to 1^ in its length; width, at the angle of the mouth, 2'i to
2^ in the head. Top of head densely covered with fine granules. Occiji-
ital process about as long as broad, with a median ridge, emarginate on
its sides and at tip ; interorbital region with 4 smooth ridges, the inner
bordering the fontanel, the other extending obli(iuely backward from
near the posterior n.isal opening; sides of h<>ad and snout with vermicu-
lating mucous pores. Middle of the fontanel over the pupil. Eye
strictly lateral, not entirely above the angle of the mouth, its center in
front of the posterior end of the mandible, 2 in snout, 6 to 7 in head, 3^
to 4 in the distance between the eyes. Maxillary barbels thin, reaching
to the middle of the pectoral or shorter, postnientals beyond base of pec-
torals, or sometimes not beyond edge of gill membrane; mentals to edge
of gill membrane or shorter. Jaws about equal, the upper rather thin;
teeth on the intermaxillaries villiform ; the mandible with villiform teeth
except the inner 2 or 3 series, which are granular; like the palatine
patches irregular, suboval, sometimes the anterior end, sometimes the
posterior, and sometimes both ends pointed. Gill membranes united,
joined to the isthmus without a free margin. Gill rakers long and slender,
4-|-ll. Axillary pore small; vertical series of pores present. Distance
of dorsal from snout 2| to 2? in the length ; the dorsal spine If to 1'^ in
the head, on sides and front granular, with small, sharp teeth on its inner
margin; the first soft ray little, if any, higher than the spine. Distance
of adipose fin from the dorsal 3 to 3^ in the length, the fin longer than
high, shorter than the dorsal fin. Caudal tin forked, the lobes rounded,
4| in the length. Anal little longer than high, the highest ray 2 in the
length of the head. Ventrals short, 1| to 2f in head. Pectoral spine
long and slender, 1| to 1* in the head, outer margin granular, inner mar-
gin with short teeth. Ashy above, white below. We have examined 15
specimens, the largest measuring 0.21) m. The sexes do not differ exter-
nally. Panama. (Eigenmaiin «.^ Eigenmann, Nematognathi, iK).)

7r?7^-;-=;^vsv:;r>,(i-*,«t^-^f.Tf.-^ '^7'--"^ ■-T^ri^T^^f ".;;??tt^T^^

2788 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

202. TACII¥SUKU8 VABI0L08US (Cuvicr & Valeneieimos), text, p. 132.

203. TACIIT8UBUS HULTIRADIATUS (Gunthor), text, p. 132.

75. CATHOROPS, Jordan Sl Gilbert, text, p. 133.

204. CATHOROPS nTPOPHTHALMUS (Stelndaclmor), text, p. 133.

205. CATHOROPS OULOSUS (Eigonnianii & Eigoniuann), text, p 133.

I : 'ill

i :■ n

! ; ^ ' ■

i! 4 'v.

J i'

Page 134. After [ctahirus furcaliia iidd :

20<l(a). ICTALURIIN ANfllllLLA, Evormaiiii &. Kondall.
(Eel CAT; Willow Cvr.)

Hoadt; depth 4i; eye 7 iuhead; snout 2*; interorbital 1*; maxillary
(without barbel) 3; free portion of maxillary barbel longer than head;
dorsal sjjine 2 in head ; pectoral spine 2 ; width of nioutli 2. D. I, fi ; A. 21 ;
vertebra' 42. Head large, broad, and heavy; the month unusually broad;
cheeks and p(/ito<'nlar portion of top of head very prominent; interor-
bital space Hat, a broad, deep groov** extending backward to origin of
dorsal iin; body stout, compressed posteriorly; back scarcely elevated.
Eye small; maxillary barbel long, reaching considerablj' p.-ist gill open-
ing; other barbels short. Origin of dorsal fin equidistant between snont
and origin of adipose Iin, its distance from snout 29, in length of body;
base of dorsal fin 31 in head; longest dorsal ray IJ in head; dorsal spine
strong, entire both before and behind; pectoral spin*' strong, entir^^ in
front, a series of strong, retrorse mtth^ behind; humeral process 2,^ in
pectt»ial spine; ventrals barely reaching origin of aii..i, their length. 2 in
head; anal fin long and low, the longest rays about 2\ in head; base of
tin greater than head, 3 ', in body ; caudal moderately forked, the middle
rays about 2! in outer rays, which are about l;v in head. Color uniform
pale yellowish or olivaceous; no spots anywhere.

An examination of tlie 6 cotypes shows that there is not much variation,
all *J'>' important characters remaining quite constant. The maxillary
barbel varies 8omewh.it in length, in some individuals scarcely reaching
gill opening, and the number of anal rays varies from 21 to 20.

A couiparison of the skull of this species with that of f. furcatua and of
I, punvtatiiH of the s;iine si/e shows a number of very marked dirterenc«'8.
Nearly all the boues in /. aiKjuilln are heavier than in the other »«peeies;
the supraoccipital is bntadly triangular, and its upper surface finely
grooved, wliib^ in eaehof th(^ other spe-ies it is much longer and narrower
and the upper surface nearly snumth.

From the blue cat (/c/«/Mrj.'« fm'vuluH) this species difl'ers chiefly in the
fewer rays in the anal fin, the wider mouth, tlie shorter, heavic- head, the
nnndi longer maxillary l>arbel, and in the cranial characters already given.
From the spotted eat v '• piinvtahts) it may be distinguished by its wider
mouth, more blunt snout, heavier head, the color, and the cranial charac-
ters already mentioned.

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2780

The eol cat rarely attains a greater weight than 5 poundB, ami usnally
<l<)ea not exceed 3 pounds. Its llesh is firm and of excellent HavDr. The
.sp:iwning Beason appi^ais to he diiriug the npriug, as several of the indi-
viduals examined wt-re in mature spawning condition.* Lower Missis-
sippi Valley; thus far known only from the Atehafalaya Itiver Louisiana
and the Ohio Kiver at Iiouisville. (angvilla, the generic name of the eel.)

' alums anifuilla, Evi:umann .Si:. Kendall, Bull. U. S. Fisli C'onim. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898),
125, 1)1. 6, fl^- 1, Atchafalaya River, Louisiana. (Typo, No. 48788. Coll. Kvoriiiaun &.
Chuiiiberlniu.)

Recent stndits of the catiishets of the Lower Mississippi Viilley hy Dr.
Evermann have shown that the most abundant and most important spe-
cies of catliwh in that region is Ivlalnrus fnrcatuH (Le Sueur), and not
Ameiiirus lacitstria (Walhaum), as has hitherto been sup)K>sed. The large
specimen described hy Dr. Weuu uh Amiiirua 2)ondero8U8 in an lotalurua (aa
shown hy the skeleton now in the United States Natioiuil Museum) and
apparently 1. fnrcalnn. The conunoii names *' Great Fork-tailed Cat,"'
•'Mississippi Cat," and " lUue ("iit" all belong to f. fiircatiis.

Page 138. The species called Ameiurus duyeaii belongs to the genus Vil-
laiitis, Kutter.
Page 142. After Ame'mrua nigrilabris add:

77(a). YILIiAItll'S, Kiittor.
Villaritu, liUTTKR, I'roc. Cul. Ac. Sci., tun: 2, vol. VI, 1896, 250 {pricei).

Allied to AmeiKruH, dillering in th«* presence of scattered <'ilia on the
sides. Backward process from occipital short, broad, eniarginate, con-
nected by ligament with the first interspinal buckler; in a«lults the dis-
tance between this process and the buckler is e<|ual to the length of the
former; in young examples the process overlaps the keel on the under-
side of the buckler. Head narrow, width of intermaxillary band of teeth
ji cf head; «'aiidul deeply forked, the npper lobe the longer; barbels long,
those of the maxillary extending past the gill opening. Sides with scat-
tered hair-like cirri ; these are v«'ry notic«>able under a h'ns, but not readily
distinguished by the naked eye. This genus ditVers from all others of the
family in having hair-like cirri on the sides. It differs from leUiluruH in
having the ttcoipital process and the interspinal luickler widely separated
and oonnccted by ligament; from Anuiiirit.i in having a narrow head and
a deeply forked caudal. Two species known, the following and I'illariiis
dugesii (itean). {rillun, a hair.)

m
it.
lie

long CeolurB (i. <;., barbelH) and the uauiu "willow cat" bec.iuiHo it is niuHt iVeiiuontly
ibuiid about the rootH of willow trees. Tiie eel cat in not an abundant H|)ecies iu the
Atchafalaya River. During six days (April 19-24) spent at Morgan City severnl liiin-
drud cattish were examiued at the three tish houses, and the total number of eel cats seea
was fewer than twenty-five. The llslunntMi report that this proportion is about as great
as ;it any time of Mie year. Of the four cominorcial spcrics of cattishcs handled on this
river the nmst .unilantoneis the blue cat { Ictalurutfii re itin), and the next is the yel-
low cat or gou.jon ( Li'ptnjis uUvarix) -, the eel cat comes next and the spotted cat ( Ictaluriix
punctatnii) last. The blue oat and the yellow cat probably constitute 98 jier cent of the
entire catch.

!::!;

■^■if'

ljg^jgia'*J,?iy^y^^gps^S5y!iOT-;yy^^

"■'"

.1

y^

i

i

2799 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

220(a). VILLAKIVS PBICKI, Kutter.

B. 8; D. I, 6; A. 22 or 23; C. 17; P. I, 9; V. 8. Head 3i to SJ iu body;
ey«s 5 to 7 in head; snont 23; iiiaxilliiry 5^ to 6. Maxillury barbel very
long, reaching beyond the pectoral 8pine, in the adnlt about to its tip
when de]>res8ed, 3 to 4 times aa long as the barbel at nostril. Origin of
dorsal niidwiiy between snout and middle of base of adipose fin ; pecto-
rals inserted halfway between snout and vuntrals; longest dorsal ray (i
to 7 tinn's in length of body ; spine of dorsal longer than its base, equal
to base of adipose iin ; longest ])ectoraI ray about half of head, pectoral
spin<f 2^ to 3 in head, with about 12 distinct booked serriu behind, these
fewer and somewhat smaller in the young; btvse of anal 3 times in its dis-
tance from snout, its long«(st ray equal to length of ventral; caudal de«)p]y
forked. Lateral line faint. This specaes differs from V. dinjeaii (Bean) in
having very prominent serrations on the pectoral spines, the types of dugesil
having the pectoral spines without serne. We have examined a Hi)ecinien
of dugesii, 4 i n<-he8 long, from Salamanca, Mexico, which is in the* type basin ;
it has the cirri minute and light in color, a row of papilbe- along the lat-
eral line, and the pectoral spines with 4 or 5 degcmerate serras. (Named
for William Wightmau Price, who collected the type specimen.)

Villarius ]ii-icei, Kutteh, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., Hor. 2, vol. vi, 1896, 257, San Bernardino
Creek, a tributary of the Yaqui River, southern Arizona. (Typo, No. 4826, L. S. Jr.
Univ. Mas.)

Page 143. Leptopa oliraria is known as the Goiijonin Louisiana, where
it is an important food-fish.

Page 146. In Schilheodea gyrinua the anal rays are 14 to 16; not 13.

Page 152. Under if/tomdm mlviin read "Osbert Salvin" for "Osear
Salvin."

Page 170. l'anto8feu8 arlzotuv, Gilbert, is de8crib«!d and figured in
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1898, 488, pi. 3(>.

Page 174. Catoatomus discobolus is distinct from the true C. latipinnis.
The two species are confused in the description of C. latipinnis given by
us. They may each bo described as follows:

270. CATOSTOMIIN LATIIMNNIS, Bainl &. Ginird.

Head 4; de))th about 5.5 ; eye high np and suuill, 5 to 7 in head, 3 to 3.',
in siu)ut, 2^ to 2J in interorbital space; interorbital width 2? in head.
I). 14 or 15; A. 7; scales 19 or 20-89 to 102-lfi to 18, 40 to 50 transverse
rows in front of dorsal fin. Head depressed and flat above, its gn^atest
depth If in its lejigth, the depth below lower edge of orbit 3 in its length.
I^icast depth of caudal peduncle 4^ in head, or 3| in its own length. Fins
very large, the dorsiil with its upi)er margin concave; ventrals and pec-
torals rounded; dorsal iis long as its longest ray, 1,',, in head, its last ray
a little less than h the length of the first ray; origin of dorsal fin nearer
tip of snout than base of caudal; ventrals not reaching quite to vent, Ijf
in head. Muzzle not projecting; about (i rows of short, thick papilhe on
upper lip, the smallest above; lower lip large, incised to its base, with

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Amcnca. 2791

aboat 12 rows of short, thick papilhn, pobieriorly qnite small; distauco
from front of upper lip to back of lower 1^ in snout; jaws with a slight
cartilaginous sheath; width of preorbital a little less than | its length.
Reaches a length of about 2 feet. Lower Colorado River basin. This
description by Gilbert &- Scofield, based upon specimens from the Gila
River at Tempe, Arizona.

]i70(s). (!AT0KT01MUS DISCOBOLUS, Cope.

Head 3^ to 4^; depth about 5^; eye smiill, high up, 5^ to (i in head, 2?
in snout, 2^ in interorbital width, which is 8^ in head ; width of preorbital
less than i its length ; least depth of caudal peduncle 2\ in its length, or
2 in head; greatest depth of head 1% in its length; depth from lower edge
of orbit 3J in head. D. 12 or 13; A, 7 ; scales 19 to 21-101 to 109-17 to 21,
52 to 63 in front of dorsal. Mu/.xle projecting slightly beyond upper lip.
Upper margin of dorsal very slightly concave, the length of its base 11,
in its longest ray, or 1^ in head; last dorsal ray h length of first; origin
of dorsal midway between tip of snout and base of caudal; ventral
rounded, I'i in head, not quite reacliing vent. Mouth as in C. latipinnia
except that the posterior tubercles on lower lip are long and not nearly
so closely set, there being 9 or 10 rows; jaws with a slight cartilaginous
pellicle. Upper portion of the Colorado River basin. Attains the length
of a foot or more. The above description by Gilbert »Sr. Scofield from spe-
cimens from Green River at (jreeu River Station, Wyoming.

Oatoatomus ditcoholut, Coi'K, llaydtm's Geol. Siirv. Wyo., 43r>, 1870, Green River, Wyo-
ming ; GiLUKKT iV. S<;ofil:ld, i'roc. U. S. Nut. Muu. 1898, 490.

Page 175. After CaloalomuH griscun add :

2S0(a). CATOSTONIIS KKTItOPINNIS, Junlan.

A <loubtful 8i>ecies which is, however, not yet shown to be invalid.
Head 4jt; depth Sjl^; eye 6i in head; sntmt 2; interorbital 2^. 1). 11 ; A. 7;
scales 17-108-14. liody slender, head slender, snout very long, <-audal
peduncle long, its least depth Icb than snout, 2^ in heii<l; dorsal ])rofiIe
very little elevatcl: mouth large, wholly inferior, overhung by the pig-
like projecting snoiif ; lips thin but very broad, lower lip incised nearly
to base, with about (i ows of moderate papilbi>; lobes of lower lip very
long, about i of snout : gill rakers short and weak. Origin of dorsal a
little nearer base of c iidal than tip of snout; base of dorsal equal to
snout; huigest dorsal ray a little greater than base of tin; anal fin long
and pointed, the fourth ray longest, l-i^n in head ; caudal lunate, the middle
ray 1} in outer rays; pectoral somewhat falcate, the longest 1^ in head;
ventrals rather short, not reaching v»Mit by more than an eye's diameter.
Length 14 inches.

Oatottomm retropinnu, Jordan, IJiill. I'. S. Nut. Muu., xii, 178, 1878, Milk River,
Montana. (Tyi)«\ No. 21197. Coll. Dr. Klliott Cones.)

if !

I

:;^^^^^^gijS^,^ri^^^^rr:r^;!!^!^^SS^^!^^ms™^^^^^fif^,

I- ;

2792 Bulletin ifj ^ United States National Museum.

Page 176. Alter 6'«<o«<omM8 ca/os<o»iH« add:

282(a). C'AT08T01I11I8 ItlMICULUS, (Hlbrrt &. Snyder.

Head 4,'i in body; depth 5; dei)th of caudal peduncle 2^ in liead; eye 7A;
dorsal rays 11; scales 18-91-13, before dorsal 42. 1). 11; A. 7; pectoral 17.
Head as deep as wide. Both lips fnll, tlic lobe of lower lip broadly
romidod behind, the «lcft not nearly reaching base of lip, the portion
between mandible and ajiex of cleft with 4 series of tubercles; tuber-
cles coarse and blunt, becoujing reduced in size toward nuirgins of lips,
but less HO than in rtdated species ; upper lip with 5 rows of tuben-les.
Eyes very small, the front of the eye nt^arly midway of head; interorbital
sx)ace convex, 2* in bead. Scales comparatively smooth, gradually grow-
ing smaller posteriorly. Dorsal lin inserted midway between end of snout
and base of caudal, first ray i)receded by 2 short, simple ones; last ray
divided to base ; length of base of lin e<]ual to the height, which is <on-
taiued U.V times in the body ; height of anal twice the length of the base,
5 in body; length of pectorals 4jj in body; ventrais Oi in body; caudal 4J.
('olor above dusky, the central parts of scales lighter; under parts white;
dorsal and caudal lins dusky, others white. This species belongs to the
G. catostomiia typ«', with very small scales, and is most nearly related to
C. tahoenaia. From the latter it differs in the smaller eye, less deeply <left
lower lip, blunter labial tubercles, larger scales, and the much smaller
fontanel, which is reduced in adults to a very narrow linear slit, or nmre
commonly entirely obsolete. Lower ])orti<m of the Klamath River basin,
northern Californiji. (Diminutive of rimua, crevice, from the small fon-
tanel.)

datmtoviu* rimusulut, Gilbeut &, Snyder, IJull. U. S. Fish Coiiini. 1897 (Jan. 0, 1898\, :;,
Trinity River, Humboldt County, California. (Typo, lio. >')Gr>4, L. .S. Jr. Univ,
Mu8. Coll. (Jiipt. W. E. Uougherty.)

Page 177. Catosfomua rex is identical with JMtialea lu.nitiiH and should
be added to the synonymy of that species, p. 183.

The type of Catoatomua hibiaina did not come from Klamath l^ake, but
from the Sacramento River, at Stockton, California. It is identical with
('. owUieitlaliii. The s})ecie8 from Klanuith Lake has been recently
described as

2So. CATOSTOIHIIS S.MYDKItl, (iilbert.

Head 4^ in length; snout 2,'', in head, equaling interorbital width; eye
5^. D. 11; A. 7; scales 13 or M-(»}t to 77-10 or 11. Mouth very small, the
width between angles but \ length of snout in our largest sitecimen;
greatest Avidth of lobo of lower lip jj diameter of oyo; lower lip deeply
incised, with 1 or 2 papilLe betvreen symphysis and base of cleft; upper
lip narrow^, with 5 or 6 papilla* in a cross series, the uppermost becoming
very small; basal portion of the lower lip with coarse tubercles, those
toward posterior margin becoming v(^ry fine and arranged in evident
series separated l>y grooves. Mucous canals on head forming conspicuous
raised ridges with prominent pores, the system much more conspicuously
developed than in any related si)ecie8. Origin of dorsal fin constantly

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 271)3

nearer HOout than base of candal ; tli«^ dorsal fin short, its base not exceed-
ing the htnght of the l«)ngest ray, usually less. In our specimens the pec-
torals reach scarcely H distance to veutrals and tbe ventrals scarcely
\ distance to vent; tbe anal may extend beyond base of rudimentary
caudal rays. Scales strongly ridged, their margins creuate; the anterior
scales are Huialler, but do n(»t ajtpear greatly crowded; the average
number of tubes in the lateral lino is about 73, the number varying from
69 to 77. Dusky, the lower part of sides with coarse black specks, the
under parts white ; fins all dusky. (Gilbert.)

A larger specimen has been described as follows: Head 4/,; depth 4;
eye 6^^ in head; snout 2\\ maxillary 'i\\ mandible 2!; iuterorbital 2^;
width of mouth ^\ in head, more than \ length of snout; greatest width
oflowerlipl diameter of eye. D. II, 11; A. 7; scales 13-70-11. Body
rather slender; head long, mouth moderate, horizontal; lips thick papil-
lose, the upper with about 4 or 5 rows of papilbi', lower with about 7;
lower lip divided nearly to base, leaving only 1 row of papillio crossing
the symphysis; premaxillary not much projecting and not forming a
prominent hump; maxillary rather short, not reaching vertical at front of
anterior nostril; eye equally distant between snout and jiosterior edge of
opercle; mucous canals on head forming raised ridges, the poi'es conspicu-
ous. Fins moderate ; origin of dorsal a little nearer snout than base of
caudal, sixth spine over insertion of ventrals; i>ectoral 1^ in head, reach-
ing slightly more than | distance to ventrals ; ventrals not (juite reaching
vent, the seventh ray longest, \% in head; anal long, pointed, reaching to
base of caudal, 1,\ in head. Scales crowded anteriorly, about 32 trans-
verse rows in front of dorsal, strongly ridged, the margins crcnate.
(Evermann &, Meek.) Length 1 to 2 feet. Klamath L.-ikes, Oregon;
specimens examined from Upper Klamath Lake, liost River, and William-
son River. (Named for Mr. John O. Snyder, instructor in Zoology iu
Stanford University.)

Oatostomut xnyderi, Gn.iiERT, Bull.U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898) :t. Upper Klamath
Lake, Oregon (TyiKS, No. 48222. Coll. (jlilbert, Cruiuer &, Otaki); Kvermann & Mkbk,
Bull. U. S. Fisli Coiuiii. 1887, 69.

K

Page 178. After Catostomus occidciUaUit mhl:

280(a). t!,iST08T0MUS TSILTCO(»SK.\SIS, Ev.riimim &. Mock.

Head 4^ ; depth 5; eye 6| in head ; snout 2. D. 13; A. 7; scales 13-65-S.
34 before the dorsal. Pectoral IH'^ lioa<l; longest dormil ray 1;^; base of
dorsal 1;^; longest anal ray IJ; ventral li?. Mody rather slender, subtereto;
head small, snout long and pointed; mouth inferior, overhung by the pro-
jecting snout; lips rather thin, 1 row of large papilbe on upper lip, and
about 2 irregular rows of smaller ones behind or inside of it; lower lip
incised nearly to base, 1 or 2 rows of small papilhe across the isthmus;
lobes of lower lip moderately long and thin, the bases with papilla; niergiug
into plications toward the tips. Eye quite small, the anterior edge of
orbit at middle of head. Top of head Hat or very slightly convex between
theeyes. Fins small; pectorals short and rounded; veutrals short, rounded,
3030 98

i

! ;ti! .

Z 'jlZ si^Z i::.rAi'!l3r, •'^ffZLrrp'^

^^■V:

1

■ Mi ■

! ,':>

nir^-

till

:.^'

r ■' V! ;

i

lir

2794 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

tb« niidille rays but little louger than the others ; anal small, Houiewhu t
pointed; margin of dorsal Bomowhat concave; caudal lunate, not deeply
forked. Muciferous canals on head not strongly developed. SceiJos mod-
erately large; lateral line nearly straight, not running upward toward
nape. This species differs from C. occidentalis, to which it is related, in
the smaller head, longer, more pointed snout, smaller eye, larger scales,
and its much smaller fins. In C. occidentalia the pectoral flns are falcate,
while in this species they are more rounded; the ventrals also are less
pointed. Length a foot or less, ('oastal streams of middle western Ore-
gon; known from Tsiltcoos Lake and the Siuslaw River, {tailtcooaensis,
from the type locality.)

Catostomus tsilteoosenuis, Evbkmann & Mkbk, Bull. F. S. FihIi Comm. 1807 (Jan. 6, 1898),
68, fig. 1, Tsiltcoos Lake, Lane County, Oregon. (Type, No. 48479. Coll. Dr. Seth
E. Meek.)

Page 180. The species called Catoatonivs fecundua in the text belongs
in the genus Chaamiafea, to which it should be transferred as Chaamiatea
fectindua (Cope & Yarrow).

Page 182. The species of Chaamiatea are not confined to the Great
Basin. One species (C hreriroatria) occurs in the Klamath Lakes basin.

Page 183. The species called Chaamiatea luxatua in the text belongs to
a genus distinct from Chaamiatea, which may be characterized as follows :

93(a). DELTI8TES, Scale.
Deltistei, Skalk, Pro*;. Cal. Ac. Sci., aer. 2, vol. VI, 1896, 269 (Ivxatua).

This genius is close to Chaamiatea, agreeing with it in every respect
except in the peculiar structure of the gill rakers. In Chaamiatea they are
as in Catoatomna, while in DeUiatea tliey are broad, shaped like the Greek
letter J (delta), and their (^dges are unarmed and entire. Lower pharyn-
geals weak, with numerous small teeth. Deltiatea luxatua (Cope) is the
single known speiues. {SeXT<x, the Greek letter corresponding to D.)

After Chaamiatea cujua add :

2»7(a). rilAKMISTKS KTOMIAS, GUbert.

Head 4^ ; de]>th 4^^ ; eye 7 ; snout 2;-! ; maxillary (measured from free end
to tip of snout) 3i; mandible 2^. U. II, 11; A. 1, 7; scales 13-85-10; inter-
orbital width 2;^; vertical depth of head at mandibular articulation 2,1;.
Head small, body heavy forward, the back strongly and regularly arched
from snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence declined in a nearly straight
line to bas(« of caudal; ventral surface nearly straight. Premaxillary
spines strongly protruding, forming a prominently projecting snout;
mouth rather small, inclined upward at an angle of about 40°, maxillary
scarcely reaching vertical from front of anterior nostril ; width of mouth
1 if in snout or 4j( in head ; upper lip thin, without papilhe ; lower lip thin,
interrupted at symphysis, forming narrow lateral lobes, the width of which
is about 2? times in their length; faint indications of a few papilhe;
mucous canals forming ridges, the pores conspicuous; gill rakers long,

.^EJ'f33>riK'c_4:

Jordan and Ei>ermann. — Fishes of North America. 2795

narrowly triangular at the tip when vi(»we(l from behind, densely tufted
on the anterior edge; fontanel narrow, its length 2}, in the Huout, its
width about \ its length. Fins all large; the origin of the dorsal a little
nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, the sixth ray over ba^e of ventral,
its base lij in head, the free edge nearly straight, the last ray IJ in the
first, which is 1^ in head; pectorals scarcely falcate, reacliing a little
more than | distance to base of vantrals, their length 1^ in head; ventrals
long, reaching vent, the rays gradually increasing in length from the
outer to the seventh and eighth, which are longest, the ninth and tenth
being but slightly shorter, the length of the longest ray I'i in head or
about \ longer than the first; anal long and pointed, the fourth ray
longest, reaching base of caudal, 1,V in head; each ray of anal fin with
8 to 12 strong tubercles; caudal lobes about equal, their length 1| times
the middle ray. Length a foot or more. Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon,
where it is abundant and of some importance as a food-fish. The Klamath
Indian name is K-ahp-ta. {drojuicti, large-mouthed.)

Chasmtstes xtomiait, Gh^bekt, Bull. V. S. Fish Conini. 1897 (.Jan. 6, 1898),5,with]>late, Upper
Klamath Lake, Oregon (Tyjx', Ko. 4822:!. Coll. (iilbert, (Jruuier & Otaki); EVEii>
UANN &L Meek, Bull. U. S. Fish Coiuiii. 1897, 70.

297(b). CHA8MISTES COPEI, Evermaim & Muck.

Head 3J; depth 4; eye 6.| ; snout 2.i; maxillary (measured from free end
to tip of snout) 3; mandible2:|. 1). II, 10; A. I, 7; scales 13-80-12; inter-
orbital width 2^; vertical depth of head at mandibular articulation 2.!,.
Head large, cheek very deep, the depth c(iual to distance from tip of
snout to nostril; body stout, back scarcely elevated, caudal peduncle
rather short and stout; ventral surface somewhat convex. Premaxillary
spines less protruding than in C atomiat, not forming a prominent hump ;
mouth larg»*, inclined upward at an angle of 45'^, maxillary not nearly
reaching vertical at front of anterior nostril; width of mouth 1* in snout,
or 4 in head; upper lip thin, without paitilhc; lower Up thin, entirely
without papilhc, interrupted at symphysis, Ibruiiug rather broad lateral
lobes; pores on head very conspicuous; gill rakers larger than in C.
alomias, broadly triangular at tip when viewed from behind, Tensely
tufted on anterior edge, each appendag*^ more or less bifid and club-
shaped, closely resembling those of ('. Ihnm; fontanel narrow, its length
2)f in snout, width ^ its length. Fins all small ; origin of dorsal a little
nearer snont than base of caudal, its sixth ray over base of ventrals, free
edge straight, base 2j^ in head, last ray a little less than 2 in first, which
is 2 in head; pectorals sounnvhat falcate, reaching slightly more than
^ distance to ventrals, their length ly in head; ventrals very short,
reaching only | distance to vent, free end nearly straight; outer ray lon-
gest, 2f in head; inner shortest, 3! in head; anal fin short, bluntly pointed,
not reaching base of caudal, third and fourth rays longest, 1| in head;
no tubercles on anal rays; caudal lobes equal, length about 1^ times the
middle ray. Scales small and crowded anteriorly, about 14 rows down-
ward and backward from front of dorsal to lateral line, 11 vertically
upward from base of ventral to lateral line, about 38 oblique series before

'? i '

I i

«.i

"■'il'i^S JTii-Itut^i^i^-;^

r^T;^;^'r^/^-\»«^,*f^:7.^j?f^jK^ •

i*

4

1

'l\

j

1 ^"

1

U '

l-

1

■ ii

1 J

■'i

r'

^•1

i

f. 1

i

• [

lit

:';|

HHII 1::

'!

u^^HK ^

i

2796 ' Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

duFHul; lateral Hue nearly straight, with about SO scaleH. Entire upper
parts of head aud body, and sides nearly to level of base of pectorals,
dark olivaceous; under parts abruptly whitish or yellowish in alcohol; a
dark spot in upper part of axil ; dorsal and caudal dark ; pectorals dark
on inner surface ; ventrals and anal plaiu. From Chasmiatea xtomiaa this
8peci«>s is readily distinguished by its larger head, larger, more oblique
mouth, less prominent snout, and very small tins. The dillorences in tlit;
lins are very great, particularly in the ventrals. It differs from C. hrevi-
roah'ia, as characterized by Dr. (jilbert, in its unich larger, more oblique
mouth, the absence of papilla) on the lips, and shorter fius. Length 2 feet.
Upper Klamoth Lake, Oregon. Klamath Indian name "Tswam." (Named
for the late Prof. Edward Drinker Cope, who wrote the lirst paper on the
fishes of Upper Klamath Lake.)

OhasmUteseopei, Evekmann it Meek, lliiIl.U. S. Visli Coiuiii. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 70, fig. 3,
Pelican Bay, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. (Tyiio, No. 48224. Cull. Meek iV
Aluxiiudur.)

Page 205. Campoxtoma privei can nut be distinguished by us from
C. ornatuvi. See Rutter, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. M, 189<i, 251).

Page 211. After Jlt/anaea Unvvlla add:

»»7(a). ALOANSEA TAKAS<;<HtUM, Steiiiaachiier.

Headset; depth 4? ; eye less than 5; snout about 4; iuterorbital 3. D.
Ill, 7; A. Ill, 6; P. 17; V. 9; scales Hi or 85, 18 or 19. Body stouter than
in J, lacuatria, head shorter, lateral line more decurved and nearer ventral
line at middle of body, aud scales more numerous. Mouth very oblique,
lower jaw not projecting, maxillary not (luite reachiug vertical at anterior
edge of eye. Teeth 4-4, hooked, sind with narrow grinding surface.
Origin of dorsal in advance of ventrals, equally distant between base of
caudal and middle of eye; height of dorsal twice its base. Ventrals not
reachiug anal lin by an eye's diameter ; caudal deeply notched. A dark
gi'ay longitudinal baud with luetallic luster extending from opercle to
caudal lin, lying chieOy above lateral line ; color otherwise plain. Length
.5^ inches. Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Steindachner.)

Alyangea tarascorum, Steindacuneu, Eiuigo Fiacbarteu Mex., ii, i>l. 3, tigs. 2-lc, 1895,
Lalte Pdtzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. I'rinceas Theresa vou Uayeni.)

Page 218. To the synonymy of Pimephalea notatua add:

Spinicephahis Jihulatus, Le Sueuii, in Vaillant, Bull. Soc. rhilum., vin, 1896, 29, pi. 20.

Page 225. After Ptychocheilaa oregonenaia add :

858. PTYVHOt'llKlLUS 0IIAND18 (Ayres).

(Sacbambm'o Pike.)

This species differs from P. oregonenaia principally in the larger size of
the scales above the lateral line, the smaller number of rays in the dorsal
fin, and the lighter aud slenderer pharyngeal bones. Head 3^^ to 3f iu
length; depth 5 to S^'oi ^yo ^i to 4 iu head; scales 13 to 16 above lateral

.i i

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2797

line, 70 to 80 transverse rows along lateral line (16 to 18 above lateral
line, 69 to 72 transverse rows in /'. oregonensia). I). 8; A. 8. In other
respects similar to P. oregonenaia. Ptychocheilna harfordi is apparently not
distinct from P. grandia, being based on a specimen with very small
scales. P. grandia is confined to waters of California, /'. oregonenaia to
Washington, Idaho, and Oregon.

Crila grandia. Ayres, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Soi. 1854, 18, San Francisco.
I'tychocheilua major, AoAssiz, Am. Jour. Sci. Artn 1835, 229, San Francisco.
Ptychocheiltu harfordi, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. N.-it. Mu». 1881,72, Sacramento

River (Type, No. 27246. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert) ; Jordan & Giliiert, SynopHin,

226 1883.

Page 239. After Leueiacna balteatiia add :

876(a). LEUCISCUS SIUSLAWI, Evermnnn & Meek.

Head i\; depth i},; eye 4; snont U; maxillary 3*. 1). II, 9; A. II, 12
or 13; scales 11-58-8; teeth 2, 4-5, 2, somewhat hooked. Body rather
slender, slightly elevated and somewhat compressed; head small and
pointed, cheek not deep; snout pointed, somewhat longer than eye;
mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, maxillary just reaching vertical at
front of orbit; Jaws subequal, the lower sometimes slightly projecting;
eye large, not as great as snout. Origin of dorsal fin behind base of ven-
trals and much nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, the longest ray 1^
in head, greater than base of fin; origin of anal iin under last dorsal ruy
but 2, its height equal to that of dorsiil, its base equal to its longest
ray; free edges of dorsal and anal nearly straight; pectoral IJ to l^ in
head, not reaching insertion of ventrals; ventrals short, 1} in ])cctoral,
reaching anus; caudal deeply forked; lateral line complete, decurved.
Color in spirits, brownish or olivaceous above, middle of side with a br(»ad
dark band involving the lateral line anteriorly and posteriorly, but lying
chiefly above it mesially; middle of side from gill opening to beneath
dorsal fin with a broad rosy band, following closely beneath the lateral
line; lower part of sides and under parts silvery, dusted over with line
dark specks; a light yellowish band extending backward from upper ])08-
terior border of eye nearly halfway to origin of dorsal fin; cheek witli a
silvery or golden crescent; top of head dark; opercles dusky silvery;
snont dusky; fins plain, dorsal and caudal somewhat dusky. This species
is close to L. balteatua, but has smaller anal and dorsal (ins, a more slend«^r
body, smaller and more slender head, and longer, more pointed snout.
Tiie «^xtent of variation in proportional measurements and in the numlter
of anal tin rays appears to be much less than in L. balteatua. It also
resembles L. cooperi, but has a much shorter lower jaw and a niort^ pointed
suiuit. Known only from the Siuslaw River and Tsilteoos iiake, western
(-)regon, where it is common, (aiualawi, of the Siiislaw River.)

Liiieiteua aiualawi, Evermann & Meek. Bnll. U. .S. Fish Connn. 1«97 (Jan. 6, 1808), 72,
fig 4, Siuslaw River, Mapleton, Oregon. (Type, No. 4848U. Cull. Dr. Mcuk.)

Page 240. After Leueiacna elongatua add:

\ i'

I

vT'^fr'pwp^wssfB^y

y

■

2798 Bulletin ^7, United States National Mtiseum.

87H(«). LKIJOISCUN XACHTRIKBI, Cox.

Head 4i^ to \\\ depth 5 (4i to 5^); eye 4; snont 4 J. D. 8; A. 8. Body
rather heavy, not greatly coinpressed ; back slightly elevated, its cnrv<; a
little greater than that of the belly; caudal peduncle rather stout, itH
depth \ the length of the head. Head rather short, not any more com-
pressed than the body, upper surface slightly flattened; snout (piite blunt
in nla^wre individuals, its length 1^ times width of eye; mouth not very
large, but little oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary scarcely reoching
to front of orbit ; pharyngeal toeth 2, 4-5, 2. Dorsal fin inserted nearer
base of caudal than tip of snout, also slightly back of ventrals; caudal
flu forked ; anal slightly smaller than dorsal ; ventrals small, not reaching
V(;nt by \ their length ; pectorals inserted rather high, not reaching tlio
ventrals by \ their length; scales small, 12-72-9, latciiil line comjilete on
mature individuals, decurved, the jiores extending on hcaa in several lines,
1 passing back of eye, another down to nostril. General color dusky,
darkast on back; sides above lateral line dull silvery, below lateral line
light silvery ; a faint dark dorsal band in some specimens, in others absent;
no black lateral band, but some specimens have a very faint dusky shade
along lateral line; no light stripe above lateral line; upper portion of
opercles with a dusky shade, lower part bright silvery ; upper part ol"
head dark-colored; all the above colors typical in the young as well as
adults, l^ength 4 inches. L. nachtriebi differs from L, neoffwuH in having
a well-developed lateral line, a smaller e. fewer scales, less obli(|ue
mouth, a shorter maxillary, and in being a larger fish and differently
colored. It differs from L. elongatna in having a smaller mouth, the lower
jaw nev«!r projecting, head less pointed, a shorter maxillary, finer scales,
and the absence of the black lateral band. Lakes of northern Minnesota;
at present known from A'lille liacs, Man Tr<ap, Mud and Elbow lakes.
(Named for Prof, ITonry F. Nachtrieb, State zoologist of Minnesota.)

Zeuciscug nachtriebi, Cox, Ro.pt. II. S. Fish Coinm. 1894 (Dec. 14, 1896), 61.'), Mille Lacs
Lake, Aikin County, Minnesota. (T,v|m% Xo. 47688. Coll. Minn. JS'at. ilist. Siirv.)

Page 241. To the synonymy of Leiidaeiia neo(f<t;ua add :

Oyprinus burtonianua, Le Sueuk in VailijUJT, Bull. See. Pliilom., vin, 1896, 28, witli
plate, Burton Mine, Missouri.

Page 244. Leucoa and Myloleucua can not be maintained as subgenera,
the characters of the teeth not being constant.

The following notes on liutilua olivaceus as seen at Emerald liay, Lake
Tahoe, may prove useful.

385. KIJTILITK OLIYACKIIN (Cope).

(Tahoe Cmin.)

This species is very different from liutilua Hifmmvtricun, looking like
LeuciacHB Uneatua. Very<'ommou; reaches 2 to 3 pounds weight; devours
eggs of trout. No doubt the records of LeHciacua lineatiia (airnritta) from
Lake Tahoebelong to this species. I[ead4; depth4.^ to4|. D.8; A. 8; scales
11-56-6; teeth always 5-5, with broad grinding surface. Body oblong,

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2700

moderately oompregged, the back Boniewhat oleviited anteriorly in oM
exampleg. Head conical, rounded above; oye moderate, 1^ inHnnut(6 inch«-s
long), 5 in head; about as long as maxillary. Mouth terminal, very
oblique, the lower Jaw included; the gnout not prominent; the short
maxillary not reaching eye. Dorsal high and pointed ; anal nliort, rather
high; pectoral long, reaching \ distance to ventrala, which roach vent;
ventrals below front of dorsal, which ig behind middle of body. Scales
with edKes largely exposed; lateral lino running low, (complete. Dusky
olive above and on sides to level of ventrals, with brassy luster
everywhere; middle of belly only white, a pale yellowish area between
pe(;torals and ventrals; head brassy, dusky above, closely dotted above
and on sides; body everywhere closely dotted with black, except on mid-
dle line below; fins all dusky, with dark points. This gpecicH ig well sep-
arated from all the R. sj/mmetrioua tribe.

Page 247. Luxilinna occidentaliH is the young o{Larinia exUivaiida, Baird
& Girard (p 209), and must b<i placed in the Hynonymy of that spe«-ies.
Lttxilinus is a pure synonym of Larinia.

Page 249. Under Opaopveodus bollmaiii, for " Buckland Creek" read
'' Buckhead Creek."

Page 254. For Azteca, line 22, substitute Astecula, .Tordan &, Kvermanu,
new subgenus. The former name is preoccupied by Azteca, Forel, 1878, a
genus of ants. The same substitution to be made in the key on page 255
and on page 258.

Page 260. Befon* Notropia cayuga iuHort:

W-'J

404(a). NOTUOPIS WELAKA, Everinaiiii & Kendall.

Head 4,!; depth 5; eye .3 in head; snout 3^^. D. H; A. 8 or 9; sc^ales
6-S5-3; teeth 4-4, hooked. Body rather slender, moderately compressed;
head short, snout bluntly pointed; mouth moderate, somewhat obliijue,
lower jaw slightly included, maxillary scarcely reaching front of eye;
premaxillaries protractile. Eye large; posterior edge of pupil at middle
of longitudinal length of head; interorbital width greater than eye;
caudal peduncle long and slender. Dorsal fin inserted well behind base
of ventrals, a little nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, its longest
rays shorter than liead, but slightly longer than longest anal rays ; antiv
rior dorsal and anal rays longest; pectoral 11 in head; ventrals reaching
origin of anal; caudal deejdy notched, the lobes long and pointed.
Scales large, lateral line incomplete, developed only on (5 to 10 scales.
Back olivaceous; side with a broad black band extending from snout
through eye, and ending in a rather distinct black spot on base of caudal,
the black spot in some speitimens (probably mature males) surrounded )>y
orange; the black line bordered above by a narrow orange or reddish
line, less distinct, or even whitish, in females and iuimature individuals;
under parts x)laiu; fins all plain; dorsal and caudal somewhat dusky;
dusky specks on body along base of anal and under side of caudal pedun-
cle; lower jaw tipped with dusky. This species resembles Notropia ano-
yeniia, but differs in having the mouth somewhat larger and less oblique.

II

li

if. ' ;,

Tm^i"!»<^?pj(«,;^^a^«gg|aaaE??S^CTn

a

2800 Dulldhi ^.y, United States National Museum.

tlio lower Jaw more included, the body more slender, the lateral line leng
developed, the dorsal lin more posterior, and the anal rays more nnnser-
ons. It was found in considerable abundance in the St. Johns River, near
Welaka, Florida, {xodaka^ from the type lo«'ality.)

NotroiiUivelakn, Evichmann &. Krndai.i., Hull. IT. S. Fish Comm. 1857 (Feb. 9, 1898), 126,
pi. 6, flj;. 2, St. Johns River, near Welaka, Florida. (Tyi»e, No. 48786. Coll. Dr. W. C
Kontlall.)

Page 262. After Notroph hhnuins add:

40S(a). NOTROPIN BIIVHANANI, Moek.

Head 4; depth 4. D. 8; A. 8; scales fi-31-2; teeth 4-4. Body rather
robust, back couHiderably elevated, snout blunt, mouth small and nearly
horizontal. Snout short, about if diameter of eye. Prcorbital bone
slightly loni|;er than broad. Kye moderate, 3 in head. Lateral line com-
plete, or nearly so; about 12 scales in a series before dorsal tin. Doisal
fin slightly nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; pectorals reaching
ventrals; ventrals rcachin<i; anal. Color light olivaceous, a faint silvery
latcrail band ; no dark lateral band or black caudal spot. Thin species
belongs to the A', hienniiis tyjic. It is a smaller species, lighter in color,
and has fewer scales in the lateral line. I'otcau River, Arkansas.
(Named for Dr. John L. Uucluinan, president of the Arkansas Industrial
University.)

Notropii hvelianani, Meek, Fiull. TT. S. Fish romni. 1895 (April 111, 1896), 342, sma'l creek
near Poteau, Indian Territory. (Tvp«', No. 475."J2. Coll. Dr. Mook.)

Page 267. Tinder Xotroph mix; niieet; not veehe, is nut in 8]»anish.
Page 274, line 11, for hixoidca, read luxiloidea.
Page 287. After aVotrojx's /u^ynwww insert:

4«0(a). XOTROPIS (lIAMItKRLAIM, Evormniiii, now spocios.

Head 4i; depth 4i; eye 4; snout 4. 1). 7; A. 9; scales 7-39-3, about 15
before the dorsal. General form much like that of Hi/bognalhua; body
only moderately compressed, dorsal and ventral outlines slightly arched;
head rather small, pointed; mouth small, a little oblique, the maxillary
scarcely reaching anterior border of orbit, lower jaw slightly included;
snout e(inal to eye; eye in axis of body. Fins all rather small; origin of
dorsal slightly behind vertical at insertion of A'^entrals; free edge of dorsal
fm somewhat concave, the anterior rays about equal to length of head;
pectoral sliott, slightly falcate, the longest rays about 1", in head; ventrals
shorter than pectoral, barely reaehing vent; anal similar to dorsal, the
rays shorter; caudal widely forked, the middle rays 2h in the outer, the
lobes as long as head, the li)wer lobe slightly longer than the upper.
Scales moderately imbricated, the exposed portions not deeper than long;
lateral line complete, somewhat decurved. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2 or 1, rather
weak, hooked, and with small grinding surface. Intestine short; peri-
toneum silvery. General color light straw; middle of side with a broad,
well-dettned silvery band from upper end of gill opening to middle of

!

mmm

Jordan and Evcnur-nn. — Fishes of North America. 2801

b:i8o of candal tin, the antorinr half Ijin^ wholly abnvo the lateral line,
the posterior portion lyiuj? i»artly bwlow it; this silvery hand bonndet'
above by a narrow dark bordi^r; cheelcH and opttrcles silvery; a darkish
band along median line of back ; fins all plain straw color or pale lemon.
Fourteen examples of this species, 2 to \\ inches in length, were obtained
from the Atc^hafalaya River at Melville, Louisiana, by Mr. Fred M.
Chamberlain, for whom the species is named.

yotroin* chamherlaini, Evehmann MS., Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (T,y]>e,
No. 48901.)

Page 291. Notropis acopifer, Eigeumanu & Eigenmann, is identical
witli Notropis hudsoniuH aelene (.Jordan), (p. 269), and should be omitted.

Page 294. After Notropis dilevtiis Insert :

487(a). NOTROPIS LOUISIANJC, Kvcriniiiin, new spociefl.

Head 4J; depth 5J; eye 3; snout 3. B. 7; A. 11; scales 7-37-3, 19 or 20
before the dorsal. Teeth 1, 4-4, 2, littlf hookc^d. Body long and slender,
back not arched; head short, Itiit ]»ointed; month rather large, oblique,
maxillary scarcely reaching orltit, lower jaw somewhat inelud<-d; eye
large, ei^nal to or greater than snout. Fins rath(;r small; origin of dorsal
far behind insertion of ventrjils, its longest rays 1;( in head; pt^ctorals
short, their length equal to height of anal; ventrals very abort, 2 in head ;
caudal deeply forked. Scales firm, moderately imbricated; lateral line
complete, gently decurved. Color pale; side with a faint plum)>eou8
band; back and upper part of sides with numerous dark specks «^hiefly on
the margins of the scales, thus forming cross-hatohings ; a narrow dark
vertebral band on candal peduncl*!; peritoneum silvery, with numerous
minute rouu<l black specks. Length 2^ inches. This species resembles
Notropis dilectiis, but has a much smaller mouth, blunter snout, and in
being less silvery along the side. Known only from the Atchafalaya
River, Louisiana.

Notropis louigiancB, Evrbmann MS., Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Tyjic,
No 48902. Coll, Fred M. Chamberlain.)

Page 348. Angiiilla chryi^upa is abundant in the Gulf of St. Lawren<!e,
according to Dr. Wm. Wakeham.

Page 355. The original ty])e of Congermurtuna is C. hahenata, Kaup. a
species with blunt or granular teeth. The American species all belong to
a distinct genus, CongreUuH, Ogilby (type haleariea), distinguished by the
villiform teeth. These genera are charactered by Mr. Ogilby in a paper
as yet unpublished.

Pages 356 and 357. In Cotigermurwna flavn the upper Jaw projects far
beyond the lower, liy a slip in the original description the reverse is
said to be the case.

Page 359. Munrneaox comccp» is called Culevra Blanca at Mazatlan,
and reaches a length of 7 feet.

Page 368. .Iroccttina gilli, Bean, should probably stand as a species
distinct from Avocettina infans Tim description in the footnote on page

■' I!

i '!

I

w

V-

2802 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

368 is sufficiently fnll. See Jordan, Proo. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. vi,
V^m, 206, pi. 21.

Page 369. No. 604, Labichthys elongatus, Ih a true Arocettina, having
the vent far behind the head. It should stand as —

602(a). AVOCKTTIXA KLOIVGATA (Gill & Ryder).

Page 376. After Myrichthys iigr'tmis, Girard, add :

«15(a). MYRICHTHYS XY8TURUS, Jordan & Gilbert.

Teeth all more or loss blunt and granular ; a band of 3 or 4 series on
each side of lower jaw; a band of 2 rows on each side of upper jaw;
vomer with a long series divided into 2 for about + its length.
Anterior nasal tubes conspicuous, turned downward. Eye 2,J in snout;
front of eye above middle of gape, the length of which is a little moro
than i of head; the angle of mouth well behind eye. Intercrbital width
about f length of the rather long and slender snout, which projects much
beyond lower jaw, the tip of the latter about reaching middle of snout.
Length of head contained 4^: times in that of trunk; head and trunk
together shorter than tiiil, and contained 2\ to 2^ times in total length.
Pectoral very smart, its length about equal to depth of gill opening.
Dorsal beginning close behind nape, much in front of gill opening; tins
low; tail pointed, the tip sharp. Color light olive; sides each with 3
series of large round brow^n spots, tliose of the 2 upper series of jt, 'al
size, those of lower scarcely \ as large, faint, and often obsolete
anteriorly; che spots irregular in their arrangement, th(»se of the upper
series usually twice as numerous as those of the next; those of tlie ujiptir
series along base of dorsal tin extending partly on the base of the tin;
lower series of spots along base of anal, some of Hiem extending on
the fin or oven entirely upon it; on the belly 'ire sometimes small dark
spots, scarcely airanged in series; dorsal tin with a terminal series of
dark spots, which are partly continent, tlie fin narrowly margined with
white; anal reddish, with a lighter margin; pectoral with a blackish
blotc! h«'ad covered with round black spots, which become sm.aller and
m<»re numeiouH toward the snout; lower jaw with dark spots; iris light
yt^llow. Pacific coast of Iwexico; common among the rocks about Ma/.at-

A .species distinct from M. t'Kjrinus, which is kno',Tn only from the
original type figured by Jordan vV Davis, and described in the text of Part I
of fchi.s vork, page 376. This specimen, said to be from "Adair Pay,
Oregon," may not be American, as there is no such bay in Oregon, and no
second specimen of the trno Myrichihyfi tigriniin has been foun<l anywhere.

Onhichthyt xyntunis, .loKDAN \ ( Jn.iiKUT, I'roc. U. .S. Nivt. A! us. 188t, 346, Mazatlan, Mex-
ico, i'i'yiio No. 'JHU'J. Coll. Dr. GillHTt.;

«15(b). HYKK HTiiYH I'AMOSTIfllHIUS, Jonlan & MoOrogor.

Head 3;^ in trunk; head and trunk U in tail; cleft of mouth 3 in head;
eye 2ii in snout, which is T) in head; pectorals 2 in snout; anterior :ia.sal
tube equal to the eye. Coloi olivaceous, with distinct rows of roundish

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of Nsrth America. 2803

blackish spots, some ohlong, Hmaller on head and covering the whole
hcilly ; 3!> spots in the dorsal row, these spots usnally alternating each with
its fellow on the other side of dorsal, sometimes opposite; spots of secontl
row usually opposite; spots of third row smaller and more numerous,
extending from the cheeks to opposite the vent, thence running along
base of anal, not running on fin, moat of the spots of this row little more
than \ length of snout; 2 rows of smaller spots along belly from gill open-
ing to front of anal; spots on nape rather large, on head larger and more
numerous than in M. .vysturua; pale color of hesid n^ducedto reticulations;
chin and throat spotted as much as head; no pale centers to any of the
spots; dorsal without spots or with only a few, whi(^h come up from back;
from beginning to end the dorsal has a broad black margin about ^ height
of fin; anal mostly pale, hut toward tip having some black markings;
pectoral with upper half jet-black, a white margin posteriorly, a small
black spot in lownr corner. This species is distinguishable from all others
by the great number of spots of small size Jind without pale c<'ntcrs; the
black edge of dorsal; the black spot on the rather large pcKitoral, and
especially by having the belly sjiotted js much as the other parts. Clarion
Island. One specimen, about a foot long, known, (ffttg, whole, entire,
all; driyji((X, siwt.)

Myrichthys pantoftigmiitt. JORTtAtl &. McGUKdoK, Ilcpt. U.S. Fish ("omin. 189S, p). 4,
Clarion Island. (Type, No. 5710, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. (loll. K. C. Mt'(Jri>aor.)

Page 377. After Pisoodonophia criientifer add:

«1S(«). IMSOOnONUIMIIH DASPILOTUS, (iill)orl, new Hpwi.s.

Brownish al ove, gray below, the head and body usually thickly cov-
ered with black spots smaller than the eye; these are smaller and more
numerous on the he,.d, fewer and fainter on the ligliter interior surface,
and become indistinct oi entirely disappear on the terminal portion of
tail. In 1 specimen the head and trunk are spotted and the entire tail
unicolor. In another no spots are present, the upper parts being a mii-
(brm dark brown, the under parts lighter brown, a few dark freckles only
being present on sides of head. In all specimens the snout and lower jaw
are blackish. The anus is near the middle of the total lenj;(h, iniietimes
nearer the tip of snout, sometimes no.irer tip of tail. The cheeks are not
grciatly swollen. The gape extends behind the eye, its length, measured
from tip of lower jaw to angle of mouth, being contaiiu'd ^^J to4'f in head.
The snout projects beyond the lower Jaw for a distance about equaling
diameter of orbit. Eye 2 to 2^ in snout, Vj to 21 in intemrbital width.
Tul)es of anterior nostrils about i diameter of eye, dir«Mted downward
near tip of snout. Posterior nostnis under I'loiit of eye, cnncealed in the
ni)per lij) as usual. Teeth all bluntly conic, in ratluT wide baiuls on Jaws
and vomer; they are usually not disjtosed in regular series within the
banils, but each ban*' has about the width oft series, and these are some-
times (listinguishable. The mandibular teeth bec<»uie larger on approach-
ing the syuii)hysis, those at point of maudil>le and those (»n iiead of vomer
being much the largest teeth present. The patch on shaft ef vomer tapers

■^sr

2804 IhiUctin //, United States National Museum.

Iiackwtird to :i point consiilortihly hohiiul aiigln of month. Origin of <lor-
8!il entirely Ix'hind tip of pectorals, its distiUK'n from siiont \ to \ greater
than length of the head. The tip iif t)in tail is conipresst>d, nniite, horny,
nscd for dofciiNd. I't'itoral very short, ft((/(( li wide Inise which slightly
exceeds length of gill slit. 'I'ho flu i/i|)|dly narrowH dowtiward, th<! longest
portion ooiihiiniid (!J In II tinios in length of |hj/</I '/'/le width of gill
slit is alioiit I Iiti.'id.
The following taMe gives ni(>)i8ureiii(;/its of j sperjmens in milliroefe^ig

t;- M '

.a

3 J d i

3 i'-S

1

3

e
H

1
1

H

1

1-1

•a
1

IH

1

.a

3
O

a
«

o
s

V

Projection of sno
beyoud niaudible

Length of pecton

a

a-a

r
1

Cm

ft

1

;in2

177

185

n

8

3

5

n*

6i

2i H

5

48

3

IS>

401

•JO,'l

198

48

"'*

3

7

11

7*

■Ak 4

6

5:1

4

4!)2

24S

244

52

11

H

?

lOi^

8i

6i

08

5.V

18

404

255

2:i9

60

12

"

»«

".

4i^4

0

08i

H

10

Four spet irneoH were secured, '^ olttained in brackish water at tJi<i ffM/' th
o( .'I small stroam which ((mi)tic.s into J'iinama Hay, the fourth in a fresh-
water pond at Mirallons. There is some reason to suppose that they
liinroNv in the mud.

Visondouophimlaiipilohii, OlI.nKUT, FisbcH of Pauania, :M.S. 1898, Panama.

Page 3P2. Mm-wna ophh, Linnjcns, is without much doubt the origiuiil
(Ifihiilithus liarnntiensiH. The species would therefore stand as —

(!20. OPHKIITIIIS 0PIIIS(Linn!TU8).

Page 396. Siileia cantanca, .Jordan &. Oilbert, sliould be removed from
the synonoMiy of Lycodonth J'a)n:hrin. It is apparently a valid species and
should be inserted as —

050(a). I ITOOONTIS f'ASTANElIS (Jordan A (Jilberf).

(M'lHENA PHIKTA.)

Tail abont as long as rest of body, orslighMy hmger. Head 21 in length
of trunk; cleft of mouth wide, 2A to2^ in head. Teeth everywhere uni-
serial or nearly so, those on sides of mandibb; sm.ill, compressed, close set.
snbtriangular, directed backward, about 18 in number on oa<h side; man-
dible with about l large canines anteriorly; up]>"r javr with the teeth
partly in 2 series, some of the te.etli being movable, the other mostly
stronger, eaninelike, (^specially anteriorly; front of vomer with 2 very
long, slender canines, behind them 11 single series of small teeth; teeth
all entire. Kye larger, slightly nearer tip of snout than angle of mouth,
its diauieLcr 2 to 2.^ in snout; gill opening ^ wider than orbit; tube of
outerioi" nostril short, less than J diameter of orbit; posterior nostril with-

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Amoica. 2805

out tiilie; occiput not especially elevated, the anterior profile scarcely
concave (perfectly strai<rht in young 2 feet long). Dorsal fin coiuuieucin}r
much in advance of gill opening, becoming unusually high posteriorly,
. where its verti«!al height is more than I greatest depth of body ; the length
of the longest ray uiort^ than gmatest depth «»f body. Color light l)ro\vn-
isli "hestuut, slightly paier on abdomen; no spots or bands anywhere;
lins without dark margins; no dark spot on gill opening or at angle of
mouth; no black about eye; head without conspicuous pores. Thesp«?ci-
i\w\\ here dcscribcid is 44 inches in length; others about 2 feet in length
itgree \cry closely. This enormous eel is very common among the rocks
abouf Ma/.atlan, where it reaches a Icngta of 6 feet. It is close to the
West Indian 8T)(H;ie8, A. fiiimhris, but the colors are not the same, fiuielirin
bjeiiig a greenish black, while castancus is a purplish chestnut, without
shades of olive or green, {lastanvua, chestnut.)

,Siilna caxldiitll, JoiiDAN &. Gll.liKllT, I'rof. U. S. Nat. Mils. 1882, 017, Mazatlan. (Tyjio,
N(..s. 28'J4(i. 2y5:i5 and ■I'irm. ( "oil. C. 11. Cilbort.)

Affcet Lt/codoiilin mordni add :

A^ffOi). I;Y< ODOMIS PICTIIS (Ahl).

ifead 4 in ifiuik; tail about as long as body; eye 2), in snout, situated
Iffjilvfiiy bctwc'rt BOfifiti and angle of mouth; cleft of moutli 2ii in head;
snout 5^ in head; aiilbtifff /jasa) tube 5 in snout; gill opening tl in head.

*/i

fiiiit% tn each jaw in a si^g/d .«i/efies; palatine series either parallel with
WicsA or divergent; no distinct canines; teeth comparatively small; antc-
tiot vO//«'rine 1 or 2 in number, bluutish and conical; posterior vomerine
teeth tntfit't hitint. Anterior nasal tubes moderate. Dorsal low anteri-
orly and beginning iff front of gill opening. Color brownish gra.v or
purplish, everywhere covered with small purplish black spots, which are
not confluent; in the adulf fiie spots are arranged in roundish or ring-
like blotches on the sides; fins colored like body, without dark edges,
young pale with lilack ring-shaped markings; variation in color .and
form of markings numerous, i'ast Indies; everywhere common. Kast to
offshore islands of Mexico. Two speciuu-ns, about 3 feet in length, taken
at Clarion Island l»y Mr. K. C. McGregor, (pivlitg, painted.)

Muntnia picta, Am-, 1p Miiruim ot (»iiliichtlio, *i, 0, tab. 2 ('. 1; (1{?ntiiki£, Cat. l-'isli,

vni, /16.
Hi/llH^otUiifqi pictitu, Jii-KEKKK, All. Iclith., Miineiia, «7, tub. 26, 28, 29, 45.
I^Hhvnophlspnnllii'nna, La<'k|'1";dk, lli«t. Nat. I^>i8^•., v, 628, 18o;t.
iturima varivijata, (^uov & (lAiMAUn, Voy. rniiiii', Zool., 240, pi. .'■)2. f. 1.
Murivna lita, Hu'iiakosd.n, Voy. Krcbii.s and Torror, 81, Moluccas.
Mnr<rnii niilerfa, UicuaudsoN, Voy. Krebua and Terror, 8."), pi. 48, 1. J j. Australia.
Mimviiap/rift'ii. IU.kkkku, Nat. Tydtt. Ned. lud., '', 173, Celebes.
Sidirap/eifferi, Kaui', Apodea, 70.

Page 401. After Murwna nrifus insert:

6«0(a). MlU.*-fiA tlt.fHVnnk, (iilbeit, uiv .spocius.

Closely related to M. i)ifiiilarum and ^f. ari/im, from the tropical Pacific,
ditVering from both in color. Nosirila tubular, of almost e(|Ual length.

,.rt!il* 'a

"W^^

2806 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

Mouth closing completely, the tc^eth entirely concealrd by the lips. Gape
Htraight, horizontal, extending to well behind the eyes, 2^ to 2\ in head.
Tet'th iujawH large, compressed, and wide at base, tapering unilbrmly to
an acnte point, directed backward, close set, everywhere uniscrial; those
in sides of mandible noticeably smaller than those of upper jaw, the
teeth in both, jaws increasing in size anteriorly; as many as 18 or 20 teeth
may be present in the half of either jaw, but many of them are usually
wanting, leaving gaps in the series; a single row of small teeth on shaft
of vomer, beginning opposite front of eye; head of vomer with 2 long
canines, larger than any of the other teeth, one or both of these usually
wanting in larger specimens, having apparently fallen out. Head 2
(Ij^ to 2,'.^) in trunk; heatl and trunk 1^ to 1} in tail; depth at anus
approximately h lengtli of head; eye small, its diameter contained 12 to
lU times in bead; snout 5 to 5^. Dorsal beginning on the lu^.id, its dis-
tance from snout \\ to \)t in head. Color dark brown, lighter on belly,
dull whitish on under side of head; head, body, and fins closely covered
with white spots, those on posterior parts larger, with some smaller ones
intermingled, the larger spots with a more or less evident central constric-
tion which makes them hourglas8-sha})ed; toward the head the spots
become very small and crowded, not more than \ as large as pupil; fins
indistinctly light nuirgined; a large tdliptical jet-black blotch surrounds
the gill slit, distinctly margined by a series of continent white s])0ts; the
longitudinal diameter of the blotch is contained 5 to 5^ times in the length
of the head; angle of mouth with a small black blotch, often obscure,
preceded by a pale spot on mandible; the throat is marked with a num-
ber of parallel lengthwise folds, the bottom of each fold with a dark line.
The following table gives measurements in millimeters of 5 specimens:

Totiil
Icug'tli.

IIi>M<l .tiid
ti'uiik.

I

6:!U
012
47:»

;{97

287
203
177

Tail.

Htail,

(riipe.

Snout.

Kyi'.

' :m4

100

45

2(li

7

;i4i

90

:i8

IH.'.

04

;t25

98

39

10

01

270

00

28

13

5J

1 220

58

21

11

4i

Doptli at
aiiiiM.

59

'24
47
40
27

DiRtnuco
from

MIlDUt to

origin of
(lofHal.

72
70
04
50
39

This species is abundant at Panama, where it is freciiumtly brought to
market. About 2.") specimens weio seen during our visit, all e.ssentially
alike in colonition. The type is 397 millimeters long (see table of measure-
ments), and has the s])ots on body less numerous than in larger specimens.
(clepsydra, xXftpvdfja, an hourglass, fnuu its markings.)

Munvna clepsydra, Gilbkut, Fishes of I'anaiim. MS. Igys, Panama.

Page 410. It is probable that several species are confounded under the
name I'lops sannis. According to Ogilby the Australian species has only
63 vertebrie.

bi '

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2807

Page 411. 199. Genus ALBULA, Bloc h & Schneider.

The proper binomial authority for this generic name, as well us for tlio
names Synodua, Umbra, anil Anableps, is Scopoli, as Dr. Gill informs us.
The;se pre-Linuii^au names, with others, were first used in binomial nomen-
clature as names of genera by Scopoli, Introd. His. Nat. 1777, pp. 449
(Sytiodua) and 450 {Albula, Umbra, Anableps). The genera should then
.'stand as follows:

Page 411. 199. ALBULA ((jlronow) Scopoli.

Page 533. 248. SYNODUS (Gronow) Scopoli.

Page 623. 298. UMBRA (Kriimer) Scopoli.

Page 684. 312. ANABLEPS (Artedi) Scopoli.

Pa^ 414. To the description of Chanos chanoa the following may be
added :

The skeletal i)eculiarities of Chanos are uumenms and remarkable,
many archaic characters persisting. 'i"he following account of the skele-
ton hag been prepared by Mr. Starks :

I

SKELETON OF CHANOS CHANOS.

rt. Cranium:

The frontals are very large, covering nearly the whole top of the head,
and extending over the dorsoantcrior part of the parietals, supraoccipi-
tal and the parotic ])ro(;es8. On the side of the skull there is an area
bounded by the siipraoccijutal, the opisthotic and the sphcnotic, Avhich
is not ossified, but is composed of cartilag(\ Between the frontals, at
about their middle, there is a jdaco in which the bone is fibrous and
largely cartilaginous; it is easily broken tlirough. The basal cavity
under the brain cavity is large. On the upper part of the operculum is a
large scale-like bone. The suborbitals are well developed and plate-like,
extending back nearly to the posterior edge of the prcopercle,

b. Vertebral column :

There are 42 vertobra>. in the spinal column. The lirst vertebra, is <!0-
ossiticd to the skull, and apparently bears no ribs; the second vertebra
supports a pair of very small, slender ribs, which articulati direetly with
the sides of the vertebra; the third vertebra supports the iirst pair of
large ribs; they are articulated with the transverse processes. The (irst
14 or 15 neural spin<*s and pairs of transverse processes are artic»i!itcd
with the vertebra' by sutures; they are easily separated from the verte-
bra! by boiling or maceration. The vertebrae gradually increase in size
and reach their largest size about J of the distance from the anterior to
the posterior end of the spinal column, where they are '^ or 4 times the
size of the anterior or /s. This character is more nuirked in ' o adult
than in the young.

" ■') ■

isrs^^^wsy^jrg^wF

2808 Bulletin ^7, United States National Musenm.

c. Shoulder girdle :

The shoulder f:;irdle is (exceedingly well braced, the iwsfr-teuiporal in
widely forked, and strongly articulated to the epiotii- pro sscm of the
skull. The supraclavicle is long and slender, its postcrioi 'ace is h«»l-
lowed out and attached some distance from the upper end of the claviclt;,
which projects upward. This pro.jeeting upper eud of the clavicle in
braced to the skull by two long bones. The (irst bone is very slender, at
its anterior end it is connected to the exoccipital; near its middle it is
connected with the posterior end of the post-temporal, at which point it
turns at a sharp angle and runs to the clavicle. The second bone is much
larger; it is articulated to the basioccipital. Its posterior edge is nearly
straight for its whole length, but its anterior edge is produced and much
swollen near its middle, and joins the post-temporal over the first Ixuie,
then runs to the upper end of the clavicle. The inner part of the clavicle
and the coracoid are thin and pierced by many holes, so that the bone in
places is little more than network. The hypereoracoid has n very large
foramen; at its posterior edge is a projection which supports a thin bone,
probably a dermal bone. The niesocoracoid is well developed. There are
4 actinosts; the first is long, but they rapidly decrease in size to the
fourth, which is short and triangular. The first ray of the pectoral is
large at the basal end, and hollowed out; it works directly on the hyi)er-
coracoid.

d. Itrauchial apparatus :

The branchial ajiparatus is ]>eculiar in the adult, in having gill rakers
somewhat resembling the filaments of a feather, on both sides of each
arch and on the basi branchial. They meet in a middle line between the
arches and unite, forming a continuous lattice-work screen, through
which nothing but the very smallest bodies can i)a8s. The pharyngeals
have no teeth, but have gill rakers similar to those on the arches; they
are inclosed in sac-like projections on each side. This description is
taken from the skeleton of a large si)eeimeu 4 feet long. The gill rakers
are not united in young individuals.

e. Other parts :

The septa- between the myotomes are os8irie<l about i an inch under
the skin, forming long, slender rays of bone. There is an upper series
running from the middle of the sides 11]) on the back, and a lower series
from the sides down on the belly, and form a sort of a basket around the
the body. Th«)se below have a single branch near the middle of each, the
ones above have 2 branches each ; these branches are lost toward the pos-
teriorend. These bones are not present in the young. The large eaudiil
fin is attached very firmly to the hypural, the long rays of each lobe join
the hj pural at about the same obli(jue angle, the base of each ray is
deeply divided and articulated innnovaldy with the hypural. The middle
short rays are all nearly h.)ri/ontiil and arc much less firmly fastened.
The first interspinal ray of the anal is hollow and cone-shaped, the pos
terior end of the air bladder runs into it as in the genera Eitiht yntomus and
Calannm. The scales are very fhick and closely imbricated; the skin
•nteriorly is ^ inch tliick. (.lordau, Kishcsi ol Sinaloa, 4()l-40<».)

-m

Jordan and F.vcrmann. — Fishes of North .Inwn'ca, 2809
Page 417. Xiiov DuroHoma jivteneiiae -mXiX:

202(a). SIGNALOSA, KviMiiiiiun A KiMithill.

Siiiiialom, EVBKMANN ifc Kkndall, IJiiU. U. S. FiHh L'onim. lHi(7 (Feb. it, 1898), 127 (atcha.
falay(v).

IJotly short, deep, and coinpreHsod, Ww fi)riii somewhat elliptical ; voutral
outline more strongly ciirvtHl than the dorsal; he;id rather iarjre, snout
sharp and pointtul, not tumid ; mouth small, oblique, the lowt-r jaw scarci^ly
included; maxillary of 3 piocos, broad and curved, luit without notch in
the outer mar;rin as in Dorosoma; caudal peduncle short and deep. Bran-
(^hiostegals 5; pseudobranchiie largo; gill rakers short an«l very numerous,
about 340 in number. No teeth; adri)08e eyelid prestiut; stomach giz/ard-
like; scutes ab<uit 17 -\- 10. Last ray of dor.sal very long and lilamontous.
'i'his genus is allied to Ihroaoma, from which it is plainly <listiuguished by
t\w absence of the notch in tht^ maxillary, the more pointed snout, the
less-ineluded low«'r,jaw, the shorter anal fin, larger scales, and the fewer
.scutes. It dill'ers from Alomi in the very numcrouH gill rakers, the character
of the dorsal fin, and in other respects, {signinn, a llagstall or pole ; ^llomi,
the shad; a reference to the long dorsal ray.)

67U(u). KItlNALOSA ATCIIAKAI.AY.K, Kvcniinnii &. KeiKlall.

Head 3*; depth 3| ; eye 3A^ in head; snout .").i ; maxillary 3,^. 1). I, 12;
A. 1,24; scales42-15; scutes 17+ 10. iiody oblong-cdliptical, com])ressed,
the back in front of dor.sal narrow; ventral edge sharp, serrate ; head
small, nu)uth terminal, oblique, lower jaw slightly included; snout rather
pointed, not blunt, as in Doronoma cepcdlanuni; m.axillary in 3 pieces, long
iind curved, reaching vertical at front of pupil, the outer edge not notched;
no teeth. Caudal peduncle short, compressed, and deep. Origin of dor-sal
lin over b;isc! of ventrals, much nearer tip of snout than b.ise of caudal,
the last ray tilanientous, about | longer than head and nearly reaching
liase of caudal; the first dorsal ray about 2 in the last one; pectoral 1:^ i»
\wfu\, reachiug base of ventrals; ventrals short, reaching only halfway to
vent, their length \l in pectorals; anal rays short, base of fin l,'; in head;
scutes moderate; caudal widely forked, the lower lobe the longer;
scales large, thin, deciduous, somewhat crowded anteriorly; accessory
scales at l)ases of pectorals and ventrals; base of caudal with small
scales. Color bluish l)lack or dark olivaceous ou back and sides to level
of the jet-black liuuiei al spot ; rest of sides and under parts bright silvery ;
dorsal and caudal dusky; other lins plain. The cotypes from (Jrand
I'laius Bayou are 2 females with ripe roe. They are \\ and '>\ inches
long, respectively, and dider from the types only in the deeper body and
the much darker coloration of the upper x>arts.

3030 — yy

t

^

w

^^'^r^i^fimiffW^!^\*^v^'^Hsv^sil

2810 Bulletin 77, United States National Museum.

Tho anionnt of variution in tluH Hpo(ues, sbown by the iiiaterial at hand,
is exhibited in the folhtwing table :

No.

1

Ileiul.

Dopth.
3

3^1

Snout.
5i

Max.

3»

Dorsal.
1,12

Aiinl.
1,24

SciltOH.

16+11

ScaliiH.
40-15

Locality.

\(iraiid PlainH

2

4

2S

3;

•H

3i

1,12

1.24

IB 1 11

42-15

i Hayou, Miijs.

3

4

3

5i

3J

1,12

1,24

1« 1 10

42-14

)

4

3i,'

:n

3

•'■'i

3i

1,12

1,24

17 1 10

42-15

Ulolvillc, La.

5

■•M

3

4

5

3'^

1,12

T,24

10-1-11

43-15

)

6

at

3

3?

r,j

3

1,12

1.24

10+10

41-15

\(iraii<l riaiiiH

7

^\

3

3*

5

3*

1,12

1,24

17+ i)

41-15

/ liayoii, MiHH.

8

A

3

3*

5

3

1,12

1,24

17 1 0

41-15

lltliu'k Hay 0(1,
/ Miait.

I)

31

28

34

5i

3

1.12

1.24

17+9

40-15

This species appears to bo rather connnoii in the larj^er lowland stroaniH
and bayouB of Loniaiaua and Mississippi. It probably does not reach :i
larjj^o si/e, adnlt examples being less than 0 inches long. It is not used
as food, but is of con8i<lerable value as bait in the catfish fislmry of the
Atchafalaya Kiver and its conneciting lak«i8 and bayous. Length 4 to 6
inches, {atcliafalai/d; from the type locality.)

Signalosa atchafalay(V, Evkkmann ct ICkndai.L, Hull. U. S. Fisli Coniin. 1897 (Fob. 9,
IHOS), 127, pi. 7, ti;;. 4, Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Typo, No. 48790.
Coll. Fred M. Cliaiaborlain.)

Page 425. The statement that Pomolobus mediocris does not ascend
rivers to spawn is not correct. This species is known to ascend the St.
Johns River, Florida, at least as far as Lake Monroe, during the winter.
They usually run somewhat earli(»r tlian the shad.

Page 427. After AJosa, Cuvier, add:

a. Gill rakors numerotm, 93 to 120; upper jaw with sliarp, (loop notoh at tip; lower Jaw

not projwitiug. .saimdissima, 093.

aa. Gill rakens I'mvor than 76; uotch in upper jaw sinallor; lower jaw more strongly

projecting. ALAUAM.E, 693(a).

Page 428. After synonymy of Alosa aapidisHima add:
OWS'.a). AMtSA AliAKAM.K, Jordan .Ki. Kverniaun.

(AlAIIAMA SllAU; ( i ll.lf SllAD.) . •

Head Is; depth 3; snoiitiil; eyo4i; maxillary 2i. 1). 15; A. 20; scales
5;"), — 16 in a crosswise series; scutes 21 -f- 15; vertebra' 54; gill rakt^rs 50
to t)S. IJody deep; back gently and evenly arched from tip of snout
to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a regular curve to base of
caudal fin; ventral outline nearly straight from tip of mandible to ven-
trals, and also from there to base of caudal. Head small, snout pointed;
upper lip with asuuill notch, into which fits the tip of the slightly pro-
jecting lower Jaw; maxillary narrow; cheek much deeper than long;
teeth on tongue and maxill, ry scarcely perceptible. Origin of dorsal
neaicr snout tliau base of caudal, the lin low, the longest ray shorter than
the base, or about e(iual to snout and eye; base of anal somewhat greater

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2811

than that of dorsal, or equal to length of i)ectorul. Gill rukers 68, the
longest ahout equal to length of snout. Peritoneum pale. Color us in
Alota mpidiaaima; the caudal, dorsal, and pectoral llns rather darker
tipped. The male differs from the female only in being somewhat more
slender. This species differs from Alosa aapidisaima chielly in the fewer
gill rakers, its sharper, more pointed snout, smaller notch in u])per jaw,
more projecting mandible, and more slender maxillary. It (seems to reach
luaturity at a nnich smaller si/e than the common shad. Ktreams tribu-
tary to the (Julf of Mexico; known from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and Pen-
sacola, Florida.

Alusa alabamof, Joiidan & Evermann, in Evekmann, Kopt. U. S. Fish (.'omm. 1805 (Dec.
28, ISaO), 203, Black Warrior River, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Tyi"', N<»h. 47C80 and
4761)0. Coll. J. 11. FittH); Evekmann &, Kknuall, Bull. U, S. I'Msh Coinm. 18a7, 127,
1>1. 7, figs. 5 and 6.

According to Ogilby, Kowala is a genus distinct from Surdiiiella.

Page 436. IHaha pauamenaia is not separable from /. fiirthi. The lat-
ter name has priority.

Page 437. OptHthopterua lutipinnia is very abundant on the outer sand
beaches about Mazatlan.

Page 445. Species 728, Stolcphonta poeyi, is a 8i)e«'ie8 of Ltjccnijranlia,
and should stand as —

74»(a). LYt'EXilUAULlS POKYl (Kncr \. Sleindaclmor).

Numerous specimens lately taken by Dr. Gilbert at Panama. A large
species used as food. The teeth are unequal in Lycengraulin, but none of
them can )>e properly deHcribed as canine-like.

Page 447. After Stolephorua lucidua add :

7a2(a). STOLEPHOUl'S UASTU.VIilS, Gilbert & rierson, now spocios.

Head :?.1G (3.1 to 3.3); depth 3.8 (3..'> to 4.2); eye 3.1 in head (3.33 to I).
D. 14 (12 to 15); A. 21) to 32. Body much comprcHsed and deep; belly
sharply keeled in front of veutrals; dorsal outline much loss curved than
ventral, the lower profile rising very rapidly from a point opposite middle
of pectorals to tip of snout, in shape of head thus closely resembling the
species of CelciKjrauUH, Maxillary reaching almost l»ut not quite to gill
opening; snout high, compressed, its length ^ to 'i diameter of eye. Gill
rakers averaging iu larger examples 51 -f-G4, in smaller specimens 444-50;
the largest about as long as eye. Insertion of dorsal tin variable, but
never posterior to a point midway between base of caudal and middle of
eye; pectoral fins reaching to or nearly to insertion of veutrals, the latter
not to vent. Color olivaceous, the lowt^r part of side with violet rollec-
tions; sides of head silvery ; a conspicuous silvery lateral baiul varying in
width from about Iji times length of orbit in tlie largest examples to less
than i orbit in the smaller specimens; the baud is widest before dorsal,
tapering to A or less than A its greatest width on caudal peduncle, where
it frequently di8ai)pears in the young. In larger 8])eciiMeii8 the ventral
edge of this baud is frequently ill-delined anteriorly; top of head with

II I

|); i-

i 3

ii I?

< i

I ; 1..

2812 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

widely spaced black Hpecks; a dnrk vertebral streak, more or less of it
often couHistiu^ of 2 narrow lines; tips of eantlal lobes often blackish;
tins otherwise uniiiarUed. This spocieH diHers from closely allied specicN
in the following characters: From StoUphorua hicidua, in the much lon<;er
head, tnoro compresscul body, well-defined lateral stripe, and smaller eye;
from S. oomprenaua, in the lonjj;er head and wider lateral band; from S.j'an-
amensia an<l S.mundcolua, in the much more nnmeroiM gill rakers, and the
more anterior position of the dorsal relative to the anal, the origin of
the anal being nnder the middle of the dorsal, while in »S'. panamviiHia the
origins of the two lins lie iu the same vertical. Length 2 to 'A inehcH.
Panama. Many specimens. (Gilbert tV. I'ierson.) (ra8tn(?», a rake, from
the long gill rakers.)

IXtokiihoniD raKtralii, Giuikut & I'lKU.soN.Fislion of ranaiiia, MS. 18l»8, Panama.

7S2(I)). STOLEiMIOltUS MUM>KULUS, (iilbort \ I'lersou, now species.

Head 4.15 (4 to 4.25) ; depth 3.77 (3.40 to 4.25) ; eye 3.41 in head (3.12 to
3.70). 1). 13 or 14; A. 33 (33 to 35) ; scales 36 (35 to 39). Dorsal and ven-
tral contonrs abont o(nially and gradually ronnded froiu the middle region
of body to the tip of snout and base ol" caudal lin. 8nont short, high,
comi)ressed, blunt at tip, its length 1.8 iu eye. Eye very large. Maxil-
lary broad, tapering to a sharp poiut, which reaches margin of gill open-
ing. Gill rakers 17 to 22 + 21 to 24; the longest 1.5 to 2 in eye. Anterior
insertion of dorsal lin varying from a poiut midway between base t)f
caudal and middh^ of eye, to a point midway between the caudal and tip
of snout. In 10 exami)lc8 its insartion is before that ol" the anal. Anal
fin long, averaging 33 rays, its origin beneath the anterior third of the
dorsal; length of ba.se shorter than in S. panamcnaia, being 3.04 in length,
while in the latter its length is contained 2.5 in length. Pectoral long,
reaching well beyond the insertion of the veutrals, equaling length of
head behind fiont of pupil; a large axillary scale; veutrals scarcely
reaching vent. Uniform light olive, with silvery rellectious; a faint,
narrow, silvery-gray lateral stripe, sometimes scarcely distinguishable;
sides of head plain silvery; upper margin of orbital rim blacdc; dorsal
region blackish; a faint, narrow dark line on each side of the light mid-
dorsal streak; caudal slightly dusky; fins otherwise unmarked. This
species is closely allied to Stolephonia panamenaia and (S. rompnasua, but
may be distinguished from the former by its longer he.'id, larger eye,
greater depth, fewer scales along the lateral line, and its much shorter
anal base; also by the much fainter lateral silvery stripe. The eye is
contained 14 to 16 times iu length, excluding the caudal, while in S.
2)anumenai8 the length contains the eye 16 to 20 times. From S. compreaaua
it difi'ers in the relative length of the head and maxillary. In S. mundcolua
the maxillary is contained in the head 1.27 times (1.19 to 1.37); in com-
prvaaua 1.48 times (1.30 to 1.81). In mundeohta the bead is contained 4.15
times in the length ; iu comprvaaua 4.44 times. Length 4 to 0^ inches.
Panama; many specimens. (Gilbert.) (mnndeolna, somewhat shining,
from miindua, neat or clean.)
iftolvphorut mundeolut, Gilueiit &. I'lKusoN, Tishi'S of Pauaiiia, MS. 1898, Panama.

Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America, 2813

7:i-2(r). KTOLKPIIOUIIS NASO, (iillx^rt \. IMeiHon, nuw Himcit-s.

]Ieacl 3.3 to 3.5; doptli 1.7 to 5.8; oy« 4.i to 5 in he:i(l. I). II or 15; A.
22 to 24; lateriil line about 35 (f). Doi-hhI and ventral oiitlint'H wi'akly
arched; body slender, itn greatcHt depth 1.5 in head, compreHScd ; liolly
ciirinated in front of ventriils, and sometimes behind them in larfjer Hprci-
iiienH. Head long and slender, its greatest width 1.5 to 1.7 in its length,
the lower jnolile much more olditjue than the upper. Sn<uit long, eom-
pressed, bluntly rounded, its hmgtli exceeding tlie small eye. Cheek with
a very acute posterior angle. Opercle nanow, oblique. Maxillary rather
bluntly pointed, failing to reach gill opening by about \ diameter of pupil.
Teeth on the maxillary (juite prominent and directed forward. VAW
rakers short, 17 + 20 in number, the longest 1.5 in eye. Scales large, thin,
deciduous, only a few scattering ones remaining in our specimens. Dorsal
llu inserted midway between front or middle of orbit and base of median
caudal rays. Origin of anal under or slightly behind middle of dorsal;
l(^ugth of anal base about ecpial to the distance from front of orbit to base
of ventr.al lin; pectorals not reaching ventrala, their length about .V length
of head. Length of ventrals equaling or slightly exceedingdistancc from
lip of snout to middle of pupil. Color light (dive, with the usual bright
rotlections; a large dark patch of br(»wn dots on occiput; a double series
of dots along median line posterior to dorsal, this absent in some speci-
mens; large specimens with a bright, well-delined silvery streak, slightly
narrowing anteriorly and on candal peduncle, its greatest width about
('qualing diameter of «^ye; in tin* young, this band is fainter and narrower;
a cimspiituous series of black dots at base of anal. (!haracteri/ed by the
slender form, well-delined silvery streak, sharply carinated breast, the
small eye, and the very long, compressed, deep, and rather bluntly rounded
snout. Most closely resembling .S'. Klarksi, from which it dilVers in the
smaller eye, longer snout, and slightly longer anal. Length 2 to 2^^ inches.
Panama; common. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (n«8o, long-nosed.)

Stole2)honi« na»u, (Ju.iiKUT it IMkkson, Fislies of I'aiiaina, MS. 1898, Panama.

732(d). STOLKPIIOIUIS STAKKSI, (iillKiit &■ Piersoii, now siiecies.

Ile.'id 3.3 to 3.6; depth 1.8 to 5.5 in length, L'. in head; eye 3 to 3.5 in
head. 1). 15 or !(!; A. 17 to 22; scales al»out 41. Body long and slender,
slightly deeper and more compressed than in .S'. iachaHux, which much
resembles this species. Dorsal outline very little arched; ventral outline
nearly straight from gill <»pening to insertion of anal fin, the lower profile
of head oblicino, nearly straight. Belly compn'ssed, keeled for anterior
;i <tf distance anterior to base of ventrals. Head long and pointed, its
width Ik times in its length; maxillary abruptly wident^d at the nuiiudib-
nlar joint, tapering posteriorly to a blunt jtoint, which reaches almost to
the gill opening, its length equal to length of base of anal; snout long,
sharp, and projecting, abruptly compressed in its terminal ])ortion as seen
I'rom above, its length ;^ diameter of «»rbit, or slightly more. Branchios-
tegal m*«mbranes united at base for a very short distance. In 4 oxam

'!:f

IP— MiiB

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

fe

// .V

1.0

I.I

150 ^^^*

:^ m

^ tiS, 12.0

2.5
2.2

';-:

.1^ ^

V

m

7

Fholographic

Sdenoes

Corporailion

4^

%^

v«

^.

V

^/V

33 vm? MAIN STRUT

WltSTiR,N.Y. USaO

(71*) •7a-4S03

5°

4

^

™ ^-T '^T''*^- ■ " T^y^

:- "-jr^^^frii^sTs

/.-gr^jTfyr-^i^^iix^jLfi^ij-^

2814 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

pies examined as to this point, the gill rakers are as follows: 20 + 25,
23 + 24, 21 + 23, 19 + 30, the longest contained 1^ to \\ in eye. Scales largp,
thin, and deciduous, a few only remaining on the specimens at hand.
Origin of the dorsal fin equally distant fi-om the base of the caudal fin
and tip of snout or front of eye. Anal inserted under beginning of poste-
rior third of base of dorsal : pectorals not reaching ventrals, the latter ;;
distance to front of anal. Color light olive, with broad, well-defined lat-
eral silvery streak of nearly uniform width, usually narrowing anteriorly
and on middle of caudal peduncle, its widtli in our largest specimen ;;
diameter of eye ; the silvery stretak has a slight golden tinge; a narrow
dark vertebral line, which widens on the nape ; occiput blackish. Ver-
tebra', 40, counted in 1 example only. Tliis species differs from Stolrph-
ortis ciiltratus in its slenderer body, shorter snout, wider opercle and
smaller teeth ; the belly is also not sharply carinate, the dorsal is more
anteriorly plac(;d, the ventrals sire farther back, and the silvery streak is
wider anteriorly. li; differs from S. dolicatiasimua in its longer, slenderer
liead and body, smaller eye, longer, sharper snout, and much wider, bet-
ter-defined silvery streak. Length li to 2^ inches. Panama; common.
(Gilbert &■ Pierson.) (Named for Edwin Chapin Starks.)

Molfiiihomt ifarkn, Gu.bkrt & Pikrson, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1808, Panama.
Page 448. After Stolephorus ajtinifer .add :

587(a). ST0LKPH0BII8 SIJOFIKLDI, Jonlnii &, Culver.

II

Plead 3| to 3|''f in length to base of caudal; depth 4^ to 5; eye 3f to 4 in
head. D. 12, A. 25 or 26; scales 41 or 42. Body somewhat compressed and
elevated, the bc^lly not carinated nor serrated. Teeth in both jaws, and
on palatines, a few on vomer; maxillary covered with teeth its entire
length and reaching beyond base of mandible, but not to opercular mar-
gin. Gill rakers 10-}- 12, the longest a little more than ^ the eye. Origin
of dorsal midway between base of median caudal rays and center of eye;
anal not <|uite as long as head, its origin below the middle of dorsal;
lower caudal lobe longer than upper; longest ray equaling length of the
head; shortest caudal ray 2^ iu longest. Pectorals not reaching ventrals,
H in head. Both anal and dorsal fins preceded by a rudimentary spine, not
i length of first true ray. Color trauBlneent, w ith a distinct broad silvery
strip«f as wide as the eye, growing more diffuse cat lower anterior edge,
narrowing on caudal peduncle, and becoming fan-shaped on the base
of caudal; tip of snout black; a distinct median band of black specks
extending from tip of snout to base of caudal; no diHtinct black mark-
ings on fins. Close tc fitolephorus delicatisaimus, but with larger beatl,
wider lateral band, and greater number of dorsal and anal rays. Length
3 inches. Found in the Astlllero at Ma/atlan ; not very abundant. (Named
for Mr. Norman lUshop Scofield, a member of the Hopkins expedition to
Sinaloa.)

Stiileplonu »eo/leldi, .Toroan & Cm.vBR, Finliea of Sinalon, 410, 1895 MaxatUn, Mexico-
(T.VIIO, Mo. 2941, L. S. .Ir. Univ. Miih. ('oil. HiipkiiiH Kxiieil. .o Hiualoa.)

■ "^'" '^V^^W^^^^J^

gjMjJWjqAB^Bfaa^

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2815

ws: 20+25,
Scales largo,
»8 at hand,
e caudal fin

g of posto-
tfae latter ;
defined lat
I anteriorly

specimeu ;;

; a narrow
kish. Ver-
om Stohph-
percle and
»al is nioro
py streak i.s
r, slenderer
wider, bet-
i; comiiion.

ma.

e 3f to 4 in
pressed and
I jaws, and
I its entire
rciilar mar-
^e. Origin
ter of eye ;

of dorsal ;
igth of the
S viintrals,
f spine, not
)ad silvery
srior edg«}^

tile biisp
ck specks
iick luark-
•ger Lead,
. Lengtl;
). (Named
edition to

in, Mexico-

787(b). 8T0LKPH0RUS ASTILBK, Jordan &. Kutter.

Head 4^ in length; depth 4 J to 5. D. 12; A. 19 to 22; eye 3^ in head;
pectoral 1^ ; base of anal 1,\. body rather elongate, not greatly com-
pressed; edge of belly moderately sharp; head sharp; snout projecting
bey«>nd lower jaw, shorter than diameter of eye; tip of lower jaw reach-
ing a little past anterior edge of orbit; maxillary reaching gill ojjDning,
its end tapering to », sharp point; eye longer than snout, nearly 2 in post-
orbital part of head; gill tinkers | eye; a slight keel on top of head.
< )rigin of dorsal midway between biise of caudal and eye ; scales caducous.
Translucent, head silvery; sides without liiteral baud; a dark spot on top
of head ; back with black points. This species is similar to Stolephorus
broionii. but more slender, h«;ad shorter, and lateral silvery stripe want-
ing. Length 3 inches. Jamaica. Numeroas specimens obtained, (a,
uot; 6TtXfirf, shining.)

Stolephonm astilbe, Joudan & Rutter, Proc. Ac. Nat. S<^i. Phila. 1897, 95, Jamaica. (Typo,
No. 4854, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Mns. Coll. Joseph Seed Ruburta.)

787(c). STOLEFliOBlIK BOBKUTSI, Jordan & .hitter.

Head 3 in length; depth 4. D. 14; A. 23; scales .about 3."); eye I in
head; pectoral 2^; ba^^ ~ of anal H; caudal l^. Hody deep, strongly com-
pressed, .".bu;»men compressed to an edge, head large, compressiul, the
snout rather sharp, projecting beyond lower jaw, a little shorter than eye;
cheek triangular, opercle large; distance from lower angle of cheek to
edge of opercle eciual to distance from same point to posterior edge of eye;
maxillary short, not reaching root of mandible, its end rounded ; lower
jaw not reaching beyond anterior edge of orbit; gill rakers longer than
eye, as long as orbit. Origin of dorsal midway between base of caudal and
front of eye; scales caducous. Color translucent; head silvery, punctn-
late above; a silvery lateral band nearly as broad as eye; caudal with
dark points, other fins colorless. This species seems to be related to
StolephoruB opereularis, but the lateral band is distinct and the opercle is
shorter, .lamaica; only the type, 2 inches long, known. (Named for
Rev. .Joseph Seed Roberts, of Kingston, Jamaica, who collected the type
specimen.)

Slolephorui robertui, JonoAN & Ruttek, Tron. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila. 1897, O.'i, Jamaica.
(Type, No. 485;j, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.)

Page 449. Anchoria can not be maintained as a distinct genus. The
name must be placed as a synonym of Stolephorua.

Page 450. Add :

74t(«). IJKTKNnRAlllilS KM4JYMKN (iilhort &. Piormm, new H|ioci<'8.

Head 3 to 3.3; depth 4 to 4.9; eye 4 in head. I). 14 or 15; A. 20 to 23;
B. 7 (9); vertebrie 41. liody compressed, fusiform, not so deep as in C.
mysHcetua or C. edentiilua. The dorctal and ventral outlines being about
e<iually and regularly curved in the larger specimens; in the smaller speci-
mens the ventral contour is more nearly straight, lielly ureuchant, but

: I

ji. I

U

i

m

■?;

f ,

i .'

-t i ■

■'i

1 :ti:

' *fl

1 t

1 'i'^'.

'! li

1 ' i

1 ^

il

2S1G Bit/Mm //, United States National Museum.

not carin.-ite nor serrato; ciindal podniicle moderate, its deptli being con-
tain d 1.5 times in its length. Head similar to C. myaHcelus; the snout
longer, contained 5.5 to 7 times in head, li times in eye (the sncut contained
8 to !) times in head in C. mysticetus). Both Jaws bear minute teeth, those
on the maxillsiry largest. Branch iostegal membranes united for only f to
^ of the distance between tip of mandible and mandibular articulation,
wholly free from the isthmus. Tip of mandible directly beneath the
anterior boi-<ler of orbit. Gill rakt^rs long, V', diameter of eye, 20 to 30 on
the upper limb, 25 to 30 on the lower limb; in 5 examples as follows:
25 + 30, 27 + 25, 30 + 26, (23 + 29 to 20 + 25), 25 + 30. The origin of the
dorsal is midway between base of median caudal rays and a point varying
between front and middle of the eye. Insertion of anal below the poste-
rior fourth or third of the dorsal, its length eciualing the distance from
the posterior border of the eye to insertion of pectoral. The pectoral is
short, 2^ to 2^ in hc^ad, failing to reach the insertion of the ventrals by i
or nearly J its length. Caudal deeply forked, its median rays 2^ to 3 times
in he.-id. Color uniformly silvery with a distinct, well-defined lateral sil-
very band extending from upper angle of gill opening to base of caudal,
its gn^atest width equaling the diameter of orbit, becoming narrower on
caudal peduncle. This species differs from C. ■mysUcetua in the much nar-
rower tiiiion of the gill membranes, the less numerous gill rakers, and
in tli*^ lon[;er snout. Length 1| to 2h inches. Panama Bay. Not rare.
(Gilbert & IMorson.) {^yyi'^i, near; S/ttfi-, membrane.)

Page 451. LyceiigrauHa has the teeth large and somewhat unequal, but
none of them is properly described as " canine-like."

Page 459. Add :

229(a). ERICARA, Gill «.V Townsond.

Erieara, Gu.i. and Townseno, Proc. liiol. Soc. Waali., xi, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232
(galinon«a).

Alepocephalids with small, perfectly smooth, imbricated cycloid scales,
wide cranium, projecting snout, deeply cleft mouth, nniserial and acrodont
teeth on vomer and anterior portion of jialatines, and dorsal and anal of
normal extent and opposite each other. Bering Sea. {tpi, an intenttive
particle; xapd, head.)

768(s). ERICARA 8ALH0NEA, Gill & Towiiaen<l.

D. 17; A. 24. Maxillary extending to vertical of posterior border of
orbit; head large; length 8.J ; depth 5; width 4^. Bering Sea; only the
type known, a large example in good condition.

Erieara salmonea. Gill & Townsend, Troo. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897),
232, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, at Albatross Station 3603, in 1,771
fathoms. (Type, No. 48709, If. S. Nut. Mus. Coll. Albatro»i.)

Page 465. Dr. G. A. Boulenger has kintlly sent us the following note
regarding the typos of Coregonim richardsonii which are in the British
Museum :

I Imvj) ttxnniiiied tlio typeH (dry) of Coreijimui riehardnonii. Tliero aro alioiit 20 gill
rakers on tli« lowtT part of tlio anterior ureli, the lonKest i the diameter of the eye. The
uitixillary extends to Itulovv anterior liurder of eye, and itH length is 4 times in length of

.1 •, '

--^BBS|!giI5TOP5f^p;p?f»»i^'^55r^^Pf^^^

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North Anietica. 2817

hond an stated by Giintlior, thorcforo a little shorter than In O. elupei/ormU. Tongue
>vith 4 series of ttteth, as in (J. labradorieu*. It seems to agree best with O. nelsoni
(description), but has few<>r scales in lateral line. In Hhort, I can not identify G, richard-
nonii <vith any of the forms known to uie.

Page 471. After Aryyrosomus laurettw add:

708(8). AltOYK<»SONVS ALASCANUS, Scoflehl, new siM-eies.

Head4J; depth alout 4. D. 12; A. 12; scales 10-85-9. Eyo a little
shorter than snont, 5 in head, 1^ iu intororbital space. Head wedge-
shaped, the upper and lower profiles straight and meeting with a sharp
angle at the snont. Viewed from above the snout is blunt, almost square,
with the narrow, pale rounded tip of the lower jaw slightly projecting.
Mouth oblique; the distance from tip of snout to tip of maxil'ary is etiual
to the distance from tip of snout to center of pupil; th«t maxillary from
its anterior articulation is contained 3^ in the head, its wi<lth 3 in its
length, its upper anterior edge closing under the preorbital; maudible2jt
in head, its articulation with the quadrate bone beneath the posterior edge
of the eye ; width of supplemental bone a little more than i width of max-
illary. Preorbital broad, its greatest width etiualing | its length or diam-
(iter of pupil; width of snpraoibital equals f its Icnj^th. Gill rakers 12
to 14 -\- 21 to 23, long and blender, the longest ^ diameter of the eye. The
tongue, vomer, and palatines without teeth. Distance from tip of snout to
nape equaling ^ the distance from nape to the front of the dorsal or I
length of head. Adipos>' tin large; ventral scale i length of fm; longest
dorsal ray 1^ in head; longest anal ray 2 in head; the pectorals reach
more than .^ to the ventrals; the ventrals roach jj to vent; the caudal is
forked for a little more than ^ its length. Color dusky altove, silvery
beneath; the dorsal, adipose tin, tips of caudal rays and upper oi<le of
anterior pectoral rays dusky ; the rest pale. This species appears nearest
related to Argyrosomiis artcH, from which it difters chiefly in the number
of gill rakers. * Length about a foot. Northern Alaska near Bering Straits ;
3 specimens known, 1 from salt water at Point Hope, the others from
fresh watt^r at Grantloy Harbor.

Argi/rotomug alagcaimt, Scofibld, in Jordan, Kept. U. S. F)ir Seal Investigations, 1898,
Point Hope and Qrantley Harbor, Alaska. (Coll. Scofield &■ Si-ale.)

Page 482. Beginning with line 10 from the bottom, the statement that
the small form of the redtish has iteen traced froin the mouth of the
Columbia to Wallowa Lake is not true. The remark was meant to apply
to the large form. The question as to whether the snuill form descends to
the sea is still unsettled.

* The fin for'iiiihi', etc., of tlu'se 3 gpeciniens are as follows:

Locality.

Length.

(iill rakers.

( irantloy Harbor

81 in.

» in.

11 in.

14 1 ?:t
14 + 22
i:t 1 21

14 + 22

12 1 22
12 1 21

Do

Point Ho]H«, Alaska

orsal.

Anal.

Scales.

12

14

88

12

12

87

12

12

85

'! 'Si^ ! ii ,i

J: III

!'•! .■■■■''•:^iv;

'/ ■ 1.

B!.»i !

::V7v^tm^^¥m^^^^^m-

1

IS

..fy

l! ^•

2818 Bulletin ^7, United States National Mnseum.

Page 492 :

7?9. 8ALM0 HTKI88, Wnlbanm.

(MYKISS; SOMKA; KAMCHATKA SALMON TnOOT.)

I^y an unfcrtunate error the writers have heretofore used the naiiu
Salmo myki88 for the Cutthroat Trout of the Northwest. It was known
that the Cutthroat is tho only true or black-spotted trout in Alaska, ami
it was assumod that its range extended along the coast to all streams in
Horing Sea. Hut our recent explorations have shown that it prol)abIy
does not occur in Bering Sea, nor is there any undoubted record to tlu\
north of Wraugell. If it reaches Kadiak or Sitka or Prince William
Sound, it is only rarely, and the streams of the Aleutian Islands and the
east coast of Bering Sea contain no species of Salmo. The name Sahno
mykiss must, therefore, be restricted to the Kauichatkau species, while tho
species of the American rivers heretofore called Salmo mykisa must stand
as Salmo clarkii. We have, therefore, studied with great interest a speci-
men of the genuine Salmo mykisa, the first on record since the times of Pal-
las, Krasheninnikof, and Steller. The specimen, an adult male, 960 mm.
long, was taken by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, September 15, 1897, in the Ka-
lakhtyrka River, near Petropaulski, Kamchatka. It was called "Sonka'
or "Somka" by tho natives. It is said to occur rarely and to be found in
but few rivers, the Kalakhtyrka among them. It is considered to b(>
superior as food to other Salmonidw, exceitt the King Salmon (O. tachau-
ytscha). Head 4 in length; depth \^. D. 11. A. 10 (developed rays);
scales 125-24. Mouth large, the maxillary lj{ in head, being somewhat
produced at tip; vonu;rine teeth few, evidently deciduous, only 3 bein<i
present. Eye S| in head ; snout 2|. Pectoral 2 in head, longest anal ray
2f. Anal fin high and somewhat falcate; ventrals inserted nnder ante
rior third of dorsal, reaching about halfway to ^'ent; adipose fin over
posterior end of anal; caudal lunate. Color dark grayish above, sides
silvery; a few small, faint, round black spots on back and on top of head,
these sparse and obscure; a few faint spots on base of dorsal, and some on
adipose dorsal ; spots on caudal small, hut distinct, especially in middht
of fin; no trace of red at throat, in example preserved in formalin, an«l
doubtless none in life. The specimen is now a half skin, in good condition .

The following uieasuvements were taken from the fresh specimen by

Dr. Stejneger:

Millimeters.

Total length 9fio

Total length without caudal 85;i

Head 215

Tip of nose to anterior end of dorsal 4(iO

Length of base of dorsal lOlt

Posterior end of dorsal to anterior end of ailipose tin 167

I "ngtli of base of adipose tin 1"

Posterior end of adipose to caudal 81

Posterior end of anal to c^audal 81

Length of base of anal 71

Anterior end o<'anal to posterior end of vential 165

Height of body in front of dorsal 195

Height of body at poiterior end of ndiiiose and anal tins 106

■JMlHfflffliR

» ii

i the naiiu
was known
Llaaka, and
Btreanis in
t probably
Bord to tlit\
36 William
ds and tlio
ame Salmn
I, while the
must stand
est a speci-
mes of Pal-
e, 960 mm.
, in the Ka-
i "Souka"
to found in
ired to bo
[O. tachatr-
iped rays);

somewhat
ily 3 beinjj
it anal ray
nder ante
!o fin over
Ijove, sides
op of head,
ad some on

in middbf
iiialin, and
condition .
ecimen by

Millimeters.

960

85;i

21".

400

100

107

17

81

81

71

165

195

105

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2819

Millimeters.

Heiglit of body at beginning of candal 77

Vontrals under anterior third of ik sal; adipo.se (in over posterior end of anal ; ven-
trals reach about \ diHtnnco to vent ; 24 acaio.s in transverse scries from origin of
dorsal to lateral line ; 125 scales in lateral line. Color silvery gray on back, black
spots obsolete.

This species is evidently a clo.sc ally of the Atlantic salmon, belonsing
to the restricted subgenus Salmo. From Salmo saJar it differs in the
slightly larger mouth and rather different coloration and in very little else.

3fi/Jh'««, Pennant, Arctic Zool., Intro., 126, 1792, Kamchatka; after Kiiasheninnikof, etc.
tialmo myki/it, Waliiaum, Artodi I'iscium, 59, 1792, Kamchatka ; based on Mykiss of

I'KNNANT.

Salmo penthinensig, Vallas, Zool. Rosso- Asiat., III, 1811, Gulf of Penshin.
Salino piirpuratus, Pauj^s, Zool. Rosso- Asint., iii, 374, 1811, Bering Sea.

The correct n.ames of the American Cutthroat Trout and its numerous
known varieties are the following :

780. 8ALM0 <;iiARKII (Richardson).
7K0(a). SALMO CLARKII LKWISI (Oirard).
7S0(b). SALMO 4;LAUKII OIBBSIl (Sucklcy).
780(c). SALMO CLARKII UENSHAWI (Gill .^.lordau).
780(d). SALMO CLARKII VIRfllNALIK ((.irard).
780(e). SALMO CLARKII SPILHRUK (Cope).
780(fU SALMO CLARKII PLKIIRITICIIS (Cope).
780(g). SALMO CLARKII BOIJTIGRI (Bendiro).
?80(li). SALMO CLARKII ST0MIA8 (Cope).
780(1). SALMO CLARKII MACDOXALDI, Jordan vV Kvermann.

Page 500. Before Salmo irideua insert the following:

781(b). SALMO CIAIRI»ERI KKARDSLKEI, Jordan &. Scale.

(Hlceuack Tuout op Lake Cbkscent.)

Hesid 3.^ in length to base of caudal; depth about 4; eye 4^ in head, 1?
in snout; scales 24-130-20, 130 cross series, those in front of dorsal ntimer-
OUB, about 70 if counted along median line, 60 if the rows along upper
side are counted ; ddrsal with 10 branched rays; anal with 11 branched
rays; branchiostegals 11; gill rakers 8 -f- 13, rather long and slender, the
longest nearly ,'\i in length, 7 to 9 iu maxiHarv. Head pointed; mouth
rather large; maxillary extending to hinder margin of eye, 1* in head,
with al)out 20 teeth; snout 3? in head; preorbital very narrow, the maxil-
lary almost touching the orbit; posterior suborbitals shorter than eye,
about 6 in head; opercle not very broad, cqnal to eye, its free part 4fj in
head; interorbital width 3.^ in head, equal to snout; several large teeth
along margin of tongue ; no hyoid teeth ; teeth on vomer in zigzag series.
Origin of dorsal in middle of the length, margin slightly concave, the first
ray 1^ times the last, the last ray being pointed, slightly greater than
base, 2y'o in head. Origin of anal midway between origin of dorsal and
base of candal, margin straight, the tip of the last ray slightly exsertod;
anterior rays 3^ times posterior, and e<iual to base of fin, 2^ in head. Adi-

b'

Y^R ■

I T.

m i

\^'

\ ■■ <:

hi'.

2820 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

po8<; fin high and Blonder, situated above or anterior to end of anal.
Pcctoriils 1^ in head ; ventrals under middle of dorsal, 1\ in head. Caudal
broad, nearly truncate, the middle portions abruptly lunate when spread
oi)en, with pointed angles, each lobe being somewhat convex on its edge;
hmgcHt rays 1^ in head. Least depth of caudal peduncle 2| in head.
Pyloric cjnca 50 to 60, short and thick, the longest about 3 in head.
Color in spirits very dark blue above, sides abruptly brighter, with many
scales abruptly silvery; below white, lower jaw white, its margin dusky;
checks below suborbitals very dark; sides, top of head, dorsal, and caudal
fins spotted, the spots all very small; pectorals and ventrals nearly color-
less, without spots, and slightly dusky; adipose iin with 2 spots; tips
of lower fins faintly tinged with yellowish. Two spe<^imens, each Ifi
inches long, Nos. 1861 and 1862, L. S. Jr. Uu'v. Mus. They wore taken
on March 12 and 16, 1896, in T^ake Crescent, by Mrs. George E. Mitchell, of
Fairholme, and sent to us by Mr. M. .T. Carrigan, of Port Angeles.

A thii'd specimen shows the following characters: Head 3g; depths^.
1). 12; A. 12 branched rays; branchiostegals 11 or 12 ; scales 23-123-26, 61
before dorsal ; snout 2j^ ; eye 7^ ; maxillary 1| in head, its depth 8 in its
length. Body robust, little compressed; head large; maxillary moderate,
extending beyond eye; opercle moderate, its width 5 J in head. Last rity
of dorsal pointed. Caudal subtriincate, lunate mesially, each lobe some-
what ctmvex, pointed at tip. Caudal peduncle short and thii^k. Series
of vomerine teeth long, in double row. Color above dark green, with
black spots, which are small and sparse on body, extending to btilow lat-
eral line; many small spots on head, dorsal, and caudal; spots not more
numerous behind than before; sides and belly bright silvery; no red on
lower jaw; a faint pink shade along lateral lino; pectorals colorless
except the upper ray ; ventrals and anal colorless ; flesh pale ; gill rakers
removed. This specimen, male, was taken in Lake Crescent, Length 2(4
inches; weight in life 14 pounds. This specimen diU'ers from a largo
ffairdneri most in the large scales. In addition the head is much larger,
and the body deeper.

A foui'th, still larger, specimen (No. 18(»5, L. S. .Ir. Univ.), an old spent
male, 27 inches long, has been still later ree*uved. It shows the following
characters: D. 11; A. 12. Head 3f in length ; gill rakers 8 + 12, of medium
si/.e, rather broad but sharp pointed; opercle 3^ in h(tad; eye 7 in head;
nrauchiostegals 11; maxillary long, reaching beyond eye, lij in head, its
width 9i in length. A double row of sharp teeth extending to within a
short distance of end, where they are replaced by a single row of slightly
larger teeth; teeth on tongue rather large; no teeth on hyoid; teeth on
hromer in xigzag series. Scales 137-26. This specimen, a spent male, has
the flabby muscles and slimy, half-concealed scales of the spent male sal-
mon. The dark dots are very numerous and small and show very dis-
tinctly on back and aides, as also on head and fins ; there is a dull red
lateral band on head and body — this is about an inch broad, its outlines
dift'use; a black blotch on cheek; maxillary dusky with a red blotch
toward its tip ; lower jaw and branchiostegals dusky; pectoral, ventral,
and anal dark; back dark green, belly dusky.

.■-tt.'fk-:-^^. ^esaiJi-i^£^S:.-^^'Si*kri

■m'wjfjp-".'!*.!

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2821

The following account of the lift' rolorution of Sulmo beardnlrvi is given
by Mr. George E. Mitckoll:

The Jtliiel>a('k Troiit caught in Lako Crescuiit arc on tlu; back ii iluop diirkbliie ultra-
iiiarine color of II pcciiliiir traimparviicy, clotted with Hiiiall round 1)la(^k h|m)Ih I'roiii tlie
8i/.e of a pill' 8 head to a little lartjer. Thi^ 2 liim on the top of the hack are a dark
Hiiioky color, also dotted an on hack end, and are transparent. The tail in the I'olor and
trHi:8pareiicy with dotH alno — Haiiie an thi^ top fins. The side tuiH and the hott<iin liim are
dead white and HoiiietiiiicH faintly tingtMl witli a pinkiHli hue at thoedjreH; the htdly ih
white. Looking at the lish Rideways the nidoa of the HhIi hIiow the scaloH to he irideH-
coiit, the red tlaHli predoiiiiiiating. The head hau very niiicli the pcdish of mother-of-pearl
around the lower jawa and jowls, red ami paie-hliio colors prcdoniinatin;;; under the eyes
a few black spots ; on top of head the blue niiu'li darker than on top of hack — so dark, in
fact, that the black spots on it look blacker than the rest. The nearer the shore tlie.se
lish are caught the lighter the blue on hack, the tish often having au iiupressiou of the
surroundings distinctly marked on them.

The following notes aro added by Admiral lieardslee:

IIABITH.

The lilueba4;k is a deep-water dweller; those takitn by mo in late October were caught
at depths varying from :tO to 51) feet, on large spoons. They fought hard until brought
near the surface, then gave up, and when landed were found putted up with air. Speci-
mens taken in spring and ]>ut in pools in uiountaiii .streams with other trout died very
soon, while the others lived. The t.oiit caught by Mr. Mitchell, in March, was taken
near bottom, by a large spoon, ami it is not on record that at so early a ilate one has
pre-'iously been caught.

FLK8II.

Light lemon color before cooking ; devoid of the oily salmon tiavur, and very excellent ;
whitening by cooking.

OVA.

October 28. The eggs in the large tish were in individual size, and in size of duster
much smaller than those of a salmon of thu same size.

The following extracts from a letter from Mr. Carrigan, dated I'ort
Angeles, April 30, tire of much interest :

* *■ A-

Answering your direct inquiries: The Boardslees and Crescents are readily
distinguishable, and can always be told apart. There are no red spots at the points indi-
cated on the Crescent trout— no markings to suggest the Cutthroat trout.

(Named for Admiral L. A. Heardslec, II. S. N., in recognition of lii,s
active and intelligent interest in Americau game tishcs.)

Halmo gairdneri beardsleei, Jobuan & Seale, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., s«ir. a, \ol. vi, 189C, 'J01>,
pi. 23, Crescent Lake, Clallam County, Washington. (Coll. Mrs. (ieorge K.
Mitchell. Typo, No. 1864, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.)

780(c). SALMO (UIltUNKBI CBKSCKNTIS, Jordan &. lleardslee.
(Speckled Tkout ok Lakk Ckescent.)

Head 3^ in length to base of caudal ; depth .5 ; exposed ]>ortioii of eye
6 in head, If in snout; scales 32-151-34, 151 cross series, 83 in front of
dorsal; dorsal with 10 branched rays, anal with 11; branchiostegals 10;
gill rakers C-f 11, counting rudiments, these very short and thick, the
loug'jst but ,\' inch in length, 18^ in maxillary; mouth large, maxillary
extending much beyond eye, Iji in head, with about 20 teeth; tongue with

^.1t-

..'••-i

\ 1

f

1

k

p

i(l'

■( '

m

■S'nf'jsryzS^^:^g jg-gAijiM/ mm^m>fi^imm^mm^r

«: I

2822 Bulletin //, United States National Museum.

i\

!(♦

U ■ i

u

P,

"J

tbe iiHiiuI tooth; teeth on vomer in /i;;zag seriits; hyoid region of tongue
without tt^eth. Snout 3i in head; jtreorhital very narn»\v, not ho wide uh
maxillary atljacent to it; the posterior suborbitaltt longer than eye, 5^ in
head ; operele and suboporele very narrow, scarcely as wide as eye, tlie
fr«M) part of opercle (i^ in head; iiiterorbital width ii in head. Origin of
dorsal in middle of length of body, its margin straight, anterior 2^ timuN
posterior, and slightly longer than base, 2^ in bead; last ray of dorsal
poiuteil. Origin of anal midway between origin of dorsal and base of
caudal, margin irregular, anterior rays 3 times length of posterior and
equal to Itase of lin, 2:^ in head. Adipose fin high and slender, situa.te«l
immediately behin«l anal; pectoral 1:{ in head; ventrals under middle of
dorsal, 2? in head; caudal broad, slightly omarginate, nearly truncate
when spread, its corners not rounde«l, its hingest rays l^inlutad; least
depth of caudal i)edunclo IJif in head. Pyloric caica abont 51, the longest
about 1(1 in head, and very slender. Color in alcohol, very dark steel
blue above, Itocoming paler below, nearly white anteriorly on belly,
where only the margins of the scales are punctate; no silvery anywhere;
lower jaw dusky, a large blade blotch on cheek between suborbital and
premaxillary ; sides, ba<'k, top of head, dorsal and caudal fins with few
small dark spots; pectorals dusky, slightly spotted at base; anal slightly
dusky, without spots; ventrals dusky with a few spots in middle; adipose
lin with a few spots; lower fins all tipped with pale, probably yellowish
red in life; spots all very small and faint, not confined to i)Osterior part
of body. The specimen before us, No. 18(53, L. S. Jr. Univ., is a male, 18^^
inches long. It was taken at Fairholme on Lake Crescent, Clallam
County, Washington, March 12, 1896, by Mrs. G. E. Mitchell, of Fairholme.
(Named lor Crescent Lake, Washington, the type locality. )

Halmo ijairdneri creseentit, Jordan & Beardslke, Proc. Ciil. Ac. Sc.i., sor. 2, vol. vi,
189(i, 207, pi. 22, Crescent Lake, Clallam County, Washington. (Coll. Mrs. Geor^ru
E. Mitchell. Typo, No. 1863, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mua.)

Page 504. Under Criativomer for "Eastern North America" read
"Northern North America." The genas occurs also in the lakes of Alaska
and British Columbia.

Page 508. Before Salveliniis alpinxs insert:

784(a). SiliVKLlNUS KII>UNCIIA, Palliis.

This seems to be a species very distinct from S. malma. A specimen in
the United States National Miiseum (No. 33814) from I'etropaulski has
been described by Hean &, lieau as follows:

Similar in form to S. malma, but the body stouter and less elongate.
Head 4A to 4| (4f in the Tareinsky Bay specimen) ; depth i^ to 4g ; eye 5^
in h(^ad, 2 in interorbital, or 1^ in snout; maxillary reaching to or beyond
vertical through posterior edge of orbit; upper jaw nearly ^ length of
head; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper. Hyoid teeth feebly devel-
oped. Scales small, 36-195, 122 pores. Fins all short; origin of dorsal
about midway between tip of snout and base of upper caudal lobe, the
base of the fin nearly as long as the longest ray, or .J as long as head, its

1

' «''£*, -, '-W^*'-.^ aE W~

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2823

read

upper iniirgiu very slightly concave, the last ray 2 in tlio longest; adipoau
tin over (<n(l of Piial, itn width about k its length, which is about equal to
oye; puctoral 7 to 7^ in body length; ventral under middle of dorsal, not
lutarly reaching vent, its length 2 in head; caudal oniarginate, its middle
rays ^ the outer; anal scarcely concave when expanded. Pyloric csrca
22; branchiostt'gals 12; giU rakers 6 -{-10, the longest less than \ eye.
Color bluish gray above, wl'iitish below; the sides with numerous large
white spots, some of which are I iis large as ey«^ (itean t.V: liean.)

This sp(M-io8 IS said to be common from Kamchatka n«)rthward, but only
0 specimens arc actually extant, 4 obtained at I'ctropaulski by Dr. Leon-
hard Stcjneger and 1 by Col. N. Grcbnitski, and now in the United States
National Museum, and 1 obtaine.1 from Tarcinsky Hay by Mr. U«!rald E.
II. Barrett-Hamilton and now in the museum of Stanford University.

Salmo kuniheha, I'AiXAB, /oogr. UoHso-Aaint., ni, 250, 1811, Kamchatka.
Saliao leucomcenin, Pallah, Zoogr. liottHO-AHiat., ill, 250, 1811, Kamchatka.
fialmo vurilns, Pallas, Zoogr. IvoHsu-Auiiit., ni, 251, 1811, Kuril Islands.

The true ,Salvelinua malma is very common at Uualaska, Kadiak, Kom-
andorski Islands, and Pctropaulski. Specimens from these various places
are all alike. Head 1 J to i\ ; depth ii to 4V. Spots grayish, tinged with
red, much smaller than eye. Caudal well forked; lower tins short; pec-
toral reaching halfway to vent. Hyoid teeth present. The head seems
much shorter than in examples from the United States. The dwarf form
from the little brook (Pyramid Creek) at the head of Captains Harbor
agrees fully in form with large examples taken in the sea about Unalaska.
The small ones are brighter in color and mature at 4 to 6 inches. The form
occurring throughout the northwestern United States, and described on
l>agc .^OS as Salreliniia malma, should apparently be regarded as a species
distinct from S, malvia, and would stand as —

J84(a). SAi.VELIXUS PAItKKI (Suckloy).

Page 515. Add this footnote to Salrvlinns oquanaa mamtoni:

A Bpiiciinen of Salmo margtoni sent me Huine days ago indicntos a moro distinct spocioH
tlian wa» at first gu|i|M)H04l. Tliis is the iiiost sloiiaer of our diarrs, apparuntly tho swift-
est. Tlie male is gorgeous; brilliant red extends upon the liaek and onto the dorsal and
caudal hus an well as upon the other tins. Though quite distinct, the speuios is nearer
to iS, oqxM$*a than any other. (Garnian, in lit., March 24, 18U5.)

Page 524. After Oameriis dentex add :

704(a). OSNEBUS ALItATIlOSSIS, .Jordan &. (iilbert, new siHioies.
(Kauiak Smelt.)

Head 4ij ; depth 5^. D. 2, 10; A. I, 20; scales 75; maxillary 2,',f; eye
5J; snout 3*; mandible 2; pectorals li; ventrals 1^; dorsal l;i;' ; caudal
If. Body elongate, moderately compressed; back elevated at nape
so that anterior profile is somewhat depressed between and behind
eyes; interorbital space 3 J in head. Month large, lower jaw heavy,
strongly projecting ; operolo with concentric striae; pectorals moderate;
ventrals long; dorsal high; anal fin low, very long, its longest ray 2| in
head; caudal moderate, well forked; ventrals inserted before dorsaL

:iir:

M

I: ' :

:■ i

1 '

i ■-

I' -i

"^"^'WfW^^ ■

2824 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

VAX

;5

i

i

f

m

il|

-3

Scales ainiill, tlecidmms, thone on back stiil sinallor; lateral lino distinct,
(■ill rakers lon^ and slender, alioiit 12 below anju;le of arch, lon^t^st about
ii8 long as eye. Tongue vrith moderate teetli, the anterior 2 to 4 small
hooked canines; upper jaw with sniall sharp teeth similar to those in
lower jaw, none of them canine-like; small teeth on palatines and ptery-
goids; vomer with 2 very small canines scarcely fang-like. Color blu-
ish above with bright rolleetions; scales margined with dark points; sides
silvery with golden and coppery luster; inside of gill openings dusky;
lins white, somewhat dotted. About Kadiak Island, Alaska. Two speci-
mens caught in the upward haul of a dredge in 8helikof .Straits, north of
Karluk, Kadiak Island, Alaska, at AWmirons Station No. 3675. The depth
of the dredge haul was 10!) fathoms, but these fishes were no doubt taken
from near the surface. One specimen is 8, the other about 7 inches in
length. The s|iecies is allied to OAmerus (fen /cr, the Kainbow Smelt, but
ditlers in the extremely long anal and in the very weak vomerine and
lingual canines. The llesli is iirni, as in O. dentex. (Named for the
U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross.)

Oivierm albatrossis, .roiiDAN &. Giliieht, Kept. Fur. Seal Invent., MS. 1898, Shelikof
Straits, north of Karluk, Al&ska.

Mesopus should replace llypomeaus. It is originally characterized on
page 14 (not 1(58) I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1802, Hypomesus on page 15.
The vontrals are inserted below front of dorsal in Mesopus as in allied
genera, and there are 8 branchiostegals as in allied groups. The feeble
teeth distinguish Mesopus from Osmerus. The statement that the stomach
is ca'.(;al in Argentinidw is true of a Tew genera only, and the character has
no high systematic value. In Mesopus pretiosns and Osmerus dentex, the
stomach is siphonal, as in Salmonidw. In Thaleichthys pacificus, however,
the stomach forms a blind sac. The small number of pyloric cicca and
the peculiar structure of the ovaries remain to define Aryentinidw as a
family distinct from Salvionida:

Page 525. To the synimymy of Uypomesus olidns add:

OtmeruH oligodon, Kneu.

The species ranges south to Amur River.

Page 530. After JIathylagus pccijiciis add:

8U4(a). UATIIYliAOlIS IMUtKAIilS, Gilboit.

Head 4,'2 to base of caudal; depth 5f ; eye 2^ in head; snout 2^ in eye.
D. 8; A. 19; ventral 8; pectoral 8. Scales in about 40 rows, judging from
the scars ; head scaleless. Interorbital width grooved, the groove widen-
ing posteriorly, opening onto the flat occipital region, which is not
swollen. Width of cartilaginous portion of interorbital space ^ orbit;
including the thin membranaceous plates which overarcn the orbits, the
interorbital width is f orbit. The anterior profile of snout declines gently,
bringing the mesiitl portion of premaxillaries on a level with lower margin
of pupil. Distance from tip of snout to end of maxillaiy slightly exceed-
ing length of snout, 2}, in orbit. Opercle with 2 strong ridges diverging
downward and backward from behind the eye. Front of dorsal midway

.'Ml

si

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2825

between front of snout luul adipoHe fin; biiH*^ of doi'Hiil contauuMl 3', tinn'H
in length of head. Ventrals insertod nndcr poHt<>rior portion of dorsal.
Free portion of adipose lin very \o\\^ and narrow, riHin^ above the base of
Mie second un<l third anal raya before the last, itH tip reaching; rndinn^n-
tary oaudul rays when deprcssfd; anal lin rather lon;r^ the bane 1: in
liead, the vont InnmMliatuly bi^fore it. Length of tail nnieh ex<'(;udin<;
head, :{i{ in total length withontcandnl. rnilbrni blackish brown on sides,
the head and ventral region bine bbuk. Dill'ering from />'. iiaciJiniH in its
much greater depth, longer tail, longer anal fin, and Mat occiput. Length
132 inni. Bering Sea, in deep water north of IJnalaska ; 12 sprclnicns known.
(borealh, northern.)

JSathylagtts honalix, On.nERT, Ropt. IT. S. Fiah Conitn. 180;i (Dttc.9, 18!H!k, 4U2, Bering Sea
at Albatross Station 3337, north of Unalaska, in 333 fathoms.

804(b). BATIIYLA^aiS MIIiLKIU, .Torcinn & (iilbert, now Hpecios.

Distinguished by the posterior insertion of the dorsal tin and the greatly
swollen occipital region provided with a median keel. The type is in
very poor condition, the skin being largely deundtMl from head and body.
No traces remain of the scales, th«t ]>ectoral and ventral tins are lost and
the others greatly mutilated. Enough remains, however, to demonstrate
that it is distinct from all known species and to furnish characters by
which the species may bo recognized. The interoibital space is converted
into a A'ery deep channel by 2 vertical thin lameihe which arise on
either side, and mark oft the narrow interorbital space from the contigu-
ous supraocular areas. From the base of these vertical lan)elhe arise
externally the thin supraocular plates, whi<'h extend outward and upwanl
and roof over the orbit. A deep narrow channel is included between the
lamellie and the plates. The floor of the interorbital groove is raised
mesially into a sharp ridge, which is contincous anteriorly with the
ethmoidal ridge and posteriorly Avith a ridge running along middle of
occiput. On anterior half of occiput this ridge is a high strtuig keel;
jiosteriorly, it becomes lower and rouiuled. The occipital region is
swollen and promineiit, much higher than the interorbital space. It is
bounded laterly by 2 strong rounded ridges which originate at the
iipi)er posterior margin of the orbit and converge tapidly backward.
The occipital cartilage is heavy and strong, not yielding readily to pres-
sure. The width of interorbital space is \ orbit; the distiince best ween
outer margins of orbital plates above middle of eyes is ? diameter of eye.
The opercle is marked with delicate strue diverging downward and
backward, but is without strong ridges. The front of dorsal is midway
between adipose fin and gill opening, slightly nearer base of ctaudal than
tip of snout. The fin contains 8 rays. Anal badly mutilated, containing
at least 24 rays. The mutilated condition of the type will not permit
further description. Length 155 mm. Cortez Banks off San Diego, Cali-
fornia, in deep water; known only from the type taken by the Albatrosn at
Station 3627, in 776 fathoms. (Named for Walter Miller, professor of
classical philology in Leiand Stanford .Jr. University, in recognition of his
intelligent interest in zoological nomenclature.)
3030 100

! I

11 1!

;i Si,,'

i; ii

1

M

v-;^>?:i^^7'?^4^« '^^^^Tr-il^^^

'^ it' I

>*- ■ ■ .1- i

2826 Bulletin ^y, United States National Museum.

Page 531. lu key under h, for " incompldte " read '* complete."
Page 537. We can not separate Synodiis Jenkinsi from Sifnodaa BcituUceps,
and the former name sliould probably be abandoned.

Page 555. Macrostoma anffustiitma and related Hpecieu need farther
study. The synonymy and application of the names angiistidens, elotigatiis,
and reapiendens are uncertain. Macrostoma hrachychir is probably a good
species.

In M. caudispinotum the dor(:ial has 20, not 36, rays.

Page 580. The generic name Bonapartia, Goode & Boan, is preoccu-
pied in ornithology. For its use in fishes the name Zaphotias is proposed,
taking tho sumo spociei (pedaliota) as type. The genus and its species
would then stand as follows :

274. ZAPHOTIAS, Goode & Beau, new generic name.

(Zaphotias, having orgavs which emit light; ^a, inteusive particle; ^ruf,

light.)

872. ZAPHOTIAS PEDALI0TU8 (Goode & Bean).

Pago 5?2. Vyvlothone microdon vccurs also in Bering Sea in very deep
water.

Page 586. Astrontiaihea is from adrpov, star; IdOtfi, vestment.

Page 594. Plagyodus (Steller) shonld probably supersede Alepiaaurua.
in which case the familj becomes Plagyodontida;.

Page 603. Stemoptyx diaphma is common ofl' both the Japanese and
Hawaiian islands.

Page 60S. For Aldrorandia, Goode & Bor<n, substitute the earlier name
Halosauropsia, CoUett.
UaUf/tauropgui, Coi.LKin-, Camp. Sci. Uiroudelle, June, 1896, 143 {macroehir).

Pcge 618. Add:

016(s). KA(!l)ONALDIA ALTA, GUI & Townaend.

D. 32; A. 31 to end of dorsal, 52 spines, 125 rays. Body comparatively
high, greatest height equal to 3| the distance between vent and tip of
snout; i>eotoral lin with its root twice as far from upper cleft of branchial
aperture as fnmi the lateral line, and much nearer to the posterior end of
operculum than to lateral line. Bering Sea ; only the type known, (altun,
deep.)

Itaedonaldia alta, OilX & ToWNbFND, Proo. Biol. Soo. Wash., xi, 1897 (8ept. 17, 1897), 232,
Bering Sea, Lat. N. 54° 54', Long. W. x68° sg'. Albatross Station 36c (, Aug. 13, i»ss<
in 1,401 fathoms. (Type, No. 4877^ U.S. Nat. Mns. CoU. AUtatrogt.)

9ie(b). MACDONALDIA LONGA, Gill & Townsend.

D. 33; A. 26 to opposite end of dorsal, 55 spines, 111 rays. Body com-
paratively slender, with the greatest height abont f distance between
vent nnd tip of snout; peotorel fin with its root 3 times as far A'om uppcr
cleft of brauohial aperture as from lateral line, and very much nearer

Jordati and Evermann. — Fishes of North Amerua. 2827

lateral line than end uf oporcnluui. Bering Scu; only the type known.
(longua, long.)

Macdonaldia longa. Gill & Townbknu, Pri)C. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897 (Sept.. 17, 1897), 232,
Bering Sea, Albatross Station 3607, 1895, in goo fathoms. (Type, Mu. 48775, U. S. Kat.
Mua. Coll. Alhatroa*.)

Page 627. LuciiiH vermiculatus occurs also in Texas, specicienH having
been obtained in both the Trinity and Nuches rivers near Palestine^ by
Kvcrinanu &, Scovell.

Page 632. Aplocheilu8^^JpoeheiHchthys^HnplGcheiltt8=^ranchax,ia a
genus distinct from Fiindulna, and shonld be erased from the synonymy of
the latter. The genus is defined by the Hat, much produced snout, and
the long anal tin.

To the synonymy of Funduliia add :

I'laneteruM, Gasman, Mouogr. CyprinodoiitH, in Mem. M. C. /., xix, No. 1, 9(!, 1895 {kaiuai—
zebrinut.)

Page 635. In the key, under aa, the phrase "inhabiting mountain
sitriugs and brooks" applies only to Nos. 943 and 944. It should be
trans:', "red and made a part of «.

Page 637. Fundulua punetatua and J'^ vinctua are wrongly placed by
Garmau in the syponymy of F. parvipinnia.

Page 638. Fundulua pallidua is placed by Garmau in the synonymy of
F. grandia, to which it bears but little resembl&nce.

Page 639. To the synonymy of Fundulua majalia udd :

Hydrargyra formota, Stobuk, Itoc. Boat. Soo. Kat. Hist. 1837, 76.

Page 641. To the synonymy cf Fundulua k'lteroclitua macrolepidotua add :

Uydrargyra omata, Lb Subur, Jonrn. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hJla., i, 1817, 131, Delaware River,
near Philadelphra. (Coll. G. Onl.)

Garman regards Fundulua grandia as a good species. We have recently
compared specimens from Cape Cod with others from Tampa, and rer*ch
^,he same conclusion.

Page 642. Before t^tndulua ooellaria insert :

988(c). FUNUULU8 HETEB0CLITU8 BADIIJ8, Garman.

(This is the form found about Grand Manan, named but not character-
ized by Garman.)

Garman refers Fundulua ocellaria to the synonymy of Fundulua grandia,
which is very doubtful.

Page 643. Garman refers Fundulua fontinola also to the synonymy of
F. grandia, which is not correct. He also wrongly regards Fundulua ber-
mudw as a variety of heterooHtua.

Page 644. Fundulua robuatua is referred, probably by error, by Garmau
to the synonymy of F. labialia, which is certainly incorrectly made a
variety of F. parvipinnia.

Page 645. Garman refers Fundulua zebra, zebrinua, and extenaua to the
synonymy of fundulua adinia, all of which is certainly wrong. Such ref-

i.

PTf'tT' S

■j:/>^'?^^r^/':'

-^'v*f^?«?^l7vT^'

I

^m

&..;■

1

5'

I?

.«

»■,

f

i'

t

'i

'■

'I
I.'

>

:4

I

2828 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

crences defy all our knowledge of the geographic distribution of these
fishes. For example, F. extvnsua is a hrackish-wuter fiah of Cape 8an
Lucas; /''. zebra, which is the basis of F. zebrinua, is a tish of the mountain
streams of New Mexico, Colorado, and northeastward, while F. adinia in
found near the mouth of the Rio Grande. There is no doubt that the orijj;-
inal FunduluH zebra is the species called zebrinun by us and Icansa; by Oar-
man. It came from some point between "Fort Union and Fort Defiance."
In other words, it came from the head waters of the Canadian River or the
Rio Grande. No species of this type has beeu recorded from the upper
Rio Grande, but the species called zebrinua and kansw is in all the upper
waters of the Arkansas basin, to which the Canadian River belongs, and
doubtless in the streams above Fort Union.

Page 646. To the synonymy of Funduhia zebrinua add :

FundtUue karuo), Gakman, Monogr. Cyprinmlouts, 103, pi. 2, tig. 10, 1895, Kansas.

This species (F. zebrinua) is rightly inside the type of a new subgenus,
or possibly genus, Planeteraa, by Garman. It has long, convoluted intes-
tines and very small pharyngeals. Fundul^ia aeminolia (uubgenus Fontinua)
has short intestines and coarse i>haryngeals.

Page 648. Fvndvlua atellifer is wrongly referred by Garman to the syn-
onymy of F. catenatua.

Page 649. Fundulua lineatua is referred by Garman to the synonymy of
/''. aciadicita, which reference seems to be correct.

Fundulua alboHneatua, which Garman also refers to /•'. aciadicua, seems to
be a perfectly good species. It is certainly not F. aciadicua.

Garman refers Fundulua conjiuentua to the synonymy of F. yrandia, which
is probably not correct.

Page 650. German's reference of Fundulua fnnduloidca to the synonymy
of F. yrandia may be correct.

The species called Fundulua dovii in the text is an Jplocheilua and should
stand as :

068(a). APLOt'llEILUS OOVII (Giinther)

Garman recognizes Zygoneotea as a distinct genus, but its boundaries are
liot easily defined.

The description of Fundulua confluentua should be modified to include
the following, taken from the type: Head 3^; depth 4^. D. 11; scales 44
or fewer. A black spot cm middle of membrane of last 3 dorsal rays. This
s])ecie8 resembles F. diaphanua rather than F. majalia. Fundulua ocellaria
seems to be identical with F. confluentua.

Page 651. Garman refers Funduluii macdonaldi to the synonymy of i<'.
aciadicua, which is probalily correct, but the reference of F. florijnnnia to
the same synonymy is certainly wvong.

Page 652. Garman refers F. pulvereua to the synonymy of F. grandia,

which is without warrant.

Page 655. To the synonymy of Fundulus chrgaotua add :

Oambiuia arlingtonia, Ooodb & Bkan, Proc. U. S. l^at Mub. 1870, 118, Arlington River,
Florida. (Typo, No. 21308. Coll. Dr. Goode.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 2829

Zygoneetet heruhalli, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 237, San Sebastian River, Flor-
ida. (Type, No. 23449. Coll. Dr. Jamos A. Henshall.)

To the aynonyniy of Fundulus cingulatus add :

Zygoneetet rubrifrona, Jordan, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1870, 237, San Sebastian River, Flor-
ida. (Type, No. 23450. ColI.Dr. James A. Henshall.)

Zygoneetet auroguttatut, Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 556, Westville, Florida. (Typo,
No. 37362. Coll. Mann & Davison.)

An examination of a large amount of material recently collected in Flor-
ida by Drs. Evermann and Kendall 8how.s that the synonymy of tiieso
species should stand as indicated above.

Examination of the type of Gamhiiaia arlingtonia shows it to be the
young of the form hitherto known as Z. henahalli, which, from an exami-
ii&tiou of the type and other specimens, proves to be the female of Fundu-
lus chryaotus. The dorsal in Gambusia arlingtonia is not inserted so far
back as tne sixth anal ray, but is rather over the third or fourth. Both
G. arlingtonia and Z. henshalli, agree with descriptions of F. chrgitotu8 except
in coloration. Both are females, as shown by form of anal tin. All speci-
mens examined of the henshalli form <ire females, as shown in part by dis-
section and by the form of the anal fin. AH specimens examined of the
form agreeing with descriptions of F. chrysotus prove to be males, as shown
partly by dissection and by the form of the anal fin. Front series of teeth
much enlarged in all ; anal fin usually with 11 rays.

The type of Z. rubrifrons difiers from that of Z. henshalli in having a
heavier head, really longer snout, mandible more obli(]ue, giving tlio
muzzle a truncated appearance, and the sl(»i.e of the back to the snout
beginning farther forward.

The tj'pe of Z. rubrifrons agrees with the description of F. cingulatus,
except in the number of anal rays, there being 10 instead of 8, as given
in the description, which is a redescription of the type of F. cingulatus.
Cuvier & Valenciennes, however, give 10 anal rays in the original descrip-
tion. Specimens in the United States National Museum labeled Zi/gonectes
cingulatus, from Pensaoola, Florida, agree with the type of Z. rubrifrons,
with the exception of 1 specimen, which has 11 anal rays.

National Museum specimens collected by Dr. Shufeldt at New Orleans,
labelled Zygonectcs chrysotus, contain both the Z. henshalli and Z. chrysotus
forms, i. e., those with pearly spots and no cross bars (females) and those
with dark cross bars (males) — that is, male and female of Fundulus chry-
sotus. Comparison of specimens collected at Tampa and Welaka, Florida,
reveal 2 color forms. Most of those from Tampa have the heavier h«>.ad,
truncated mu/zle, and outlines of F. cingulatus. The 2 color forms are
those with dark cross bars, all males as shown by dissection and form of
anal fin. and those with no cross ^ars and no pearly spo^^, which are all
females. The majority of individuals have 10 anal rrys each.

Most of the Welaka specimens have more slender and pointed head, pre-
orbital less deep, really shorter snout, and the cnrve of the body toward
the snout beginning farther back than in the ]>receding, and the majority
have oa(;h 11 anal rays. The 2 color forms represent the 2 sexes — females
with pearly spots and no cross bars, and males with dark cross bars and
many with small brown spots.

i

i

■ f

t

i

■-j
)

s

2830 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

While a few of the chyaotua form are found in the Tampa collection, and
a few of the oingulatu« form with the Wclaka lot, they can be easily dis-
tinguished. A very few of the cingulatUM form have 11 anal rays and .1
very few of chrysotua 10, bat they can be otherwise distinguished.
Whereas the females of F. cingulatua have no trace of pearly spots the
females of F, chrynotua almost invariably have them. As a rule, the cross
bars in the male, F, cingulatua, are narrower and more numerous than in the
male of F. chryaotua, though young individuals of the latter do not differ
in this respect. In Fundulua cingulatua there are often faint spots on tlio
scales of the back forming longitudinal lines which seem to bo absent in
F. chrvaottia. The teeth in the front row of F. chryaotua are larger than in
F. cingulatua.

Page 658. Garman refers Fundulua guttatua to F. notiii, which is very
doubtful, but he is right in so referring F. hieroglyphicua. He also refers
F. diapar to F. nottii, which is probably wrong.

Page 658. Fundulua guttatua (Agassiz) can not be separated from Fun-
dulua notiii (Agassiz).

Page 659. Fundulua melapleurua is, as Garman observes, a Gambuaia,
and should stand as Gambuaia melapleiira.

Adinia guatemalenaia and A. pachycephala are recklessly referred by Giir-
nian to the synonymy of Fundulua parvipinnia. They might just as well
have been placed at random under any other s)>ecies of a totally different
fauna.

Page 660. Before Adinia insert :

300(a). APLOCHBILUS, McClelland.

Snout flat, both jaws muc>h depressed. Bones of mandible firmly united ;
upper jaw protractile ; each jaw with a narrow band of villiform teeth.
Body oblong, depressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Dorsal fin
short, commencing behind the origin of the anal, which is moreor'less
elongate. Intestinal tract but slightly convoluted ; air bladder present.
(Giinther.)

Aptoe^MltM, McClkllano, Iiul. Cypr. As. Res., xix,301, 1839 (ehrytottigmux—panehax).
Panehax, CuvisR &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xvni, 380, 1840 (panehax).
Haploehilut, GUnthbr, Cat., VI, 310, I860, corrected spelling.

9«8(a). APIiOCHEILUS DOTII (Giinther).

F(»r description and s.vnonymy see p. 650.

Page 662. According to Garman the air bladder Ih present in Rivulua.
He refei'H B. marmoratua ti> the syno^yiiiy of 7i^'. cylindraceua, which in
probably correct.
Add the following species :

078(a). BlVUIiUS I8THNENSIK, Garman.

Head 3J in body; eye 3 in head; snout 6. 1). 9; A. 11; V. (i; P. 15;
8oal«>s 32-8. Elongate, compressed posteriorly, depressed forward; head
broad, much depressed, flattened ou the crown; snout medium, blunt;

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2831

■■■r

fin ovor middle of
; origin of anal fin
OS far back as that
Light olivaceous,
back above or in
streak at base of

, Zool., XIX, No. 1, July,

interorbital width greater than eye. Origin of dorsal
base of anal, f distance from snout to base of caudal
midway between head and caudal, the last ray nearly
of dorsal ; caudal elongate, pointed, as long as head,
with a dark blotch at base of dorsal and another on
front of first anal ray ; apparently a light, transverse
caudal. Rio San Jose, Costa Rica.

KiwiVuM UtliVMntU, Garman, The Gyprinodonts, Mem. Mus. Comp.
1895, 140, Rio San Jose, Costa Rica. (Type in M. G. Z.)

Page 663. Lucania ommata is wrongly referred to the synonymy of
Heterandria foi'nwsa by Garman.

Page 664. The species called Lucania goodei in the text has 2 rows of
teeth and is a true FunduluB, or rather Zygonectes, ua Garman has Bh«)wn.
It may stand as Fundulus goodei.

Page 665. Lucania venvsia is wrongly referred by Garman to L. parra,
to which, however, it is closely related.

Page 668. Garman wrongly refers Characodon bilincatus and C. rariatua
to the synonymy of C. lateralis.

Page 669. Add :

888(a). CHARACODON EISENI, Batter.

Head 3^ ; depth 3^ ; eye 3. D. 11 to 13 ; A. 13 ; scales 30 to 32-12. Snout
shorter than eye, lower jaw projecting. About 9 teeth in upper jaw and
about 14 in lower; teoth strongly bicuspid, the villiform teeth not devel-
oped. Mouth almost vertical when closed, mandible about i length of
eye ; interorbital space flat, the anterior i>art equal to orbit, wider pos-
teriorly. Insertion of dorsal in middle of total length; anal inserted
under fourth ray of dorsal ; pectoral reaching past insertion of ventral ;
tips of deprcHsed dorsal and anal in vertical through middle of caudal
ped ancle; caudal broad, truncate, length of middle rays o([nal to length
of top of caudal peduncle. Head abont i of total; greatest depth of
body above ventrals ; depth of caudal peduncle i its length. Color in
alcohol, male with a broad indefinite lateral band; female with dark
blotches on sides which in 1 of 3 specimens foi<m distinct cross bands.
This species is most closely related to Characodon variatua, Bean. It dif-
fers from that species in having fewer rays and scales, much fewer teeth,
larger eye, much more posterior position of dorsal, and in color. Length
li inches. Rio Grande de Santiago, Tepic, Mexico.

Gharaeodon eiteni, Rittter, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 266, Rio Grande de Santiago,
Tepic, Mexico. (Type, No. 4999, L. S. Jr. Uiiiv. Mus. Coll. Dr. Qustav Bisen.)

Page 670. Add the following:

The specimens from Parras, Mexico, referred by Garman to C, lateralis,
appear to be new. Thej- may bo described as follows :

984(a). CHABACODON OABMAM, Jordan & Evemiann, now Hpocies.

B. 4; D. 12; A. 12; V. 6; P. 17; scales 32-11 or 12; vertebrin 15 -J- 18.
Body compressed, moderately stout, caudal pedicel deep, back gently

.' 'I

f>

UW

^wiMW

:;^^|gsasK^^pHapK^if

2832 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Wl'i \

%

arched. Ilead iibont J of len<j[th to bane of candal; very little arched
trausversely. 8nout short, not as long as the eye; chin steep. Moutli
ine<liuni; upper Jaw protractile. Teeth in outer series bicuspid. Eye
large, nearly equal to interorbital space, ^ louger than snout, ^ of head.
Tlie specimen examined had 4 brancbiostogal rays on each Hide ; -whether
this is normal must be decided from others. Fins small ; dorsal origin about
; of the distance from snout to caudal; anal opposed to dorsal; posterior
margin of caudal subtruncate. Olive to reddish brown, with scattered
small spots of darker on the back, a darker band with or without spots of
dark along the flank, more distinct posteriorly. Fins with fine dots of
dark color. Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. (Named for Prof. Samuel Garmaii
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in recognition of his valuable
studies of the Cyprinodonta.)

Caracodon lateralit, Qarman, The Cyprinodonta, Mem. Miis. Comp. Zool., xix, Ifo. 1, pi. 1,
flg. 9, 1895, Parras, Coahuila, Mexico; not of GUntheb.

e84(b). CHARACODON LUITPOLDII, Steiudacliner.

Head 4^ to 4|; dejith 3 to 3i^« > eye 4 to 4| in head; snout 3 to 3f ; inter-
orbital If to 2. 1 ). 14 ; A. 15 or 16 ; P. 15 or 16 ; V. 6 ; scales 40-17. Body
moderately slender; caudal peduncle strongly compressed; head short;
u])per profile slightly arched, somewhat depressed at occiput; ventral out-
lino more convex ; bases of anal and dorsal quite oblique. Dorsal rounded,
longest ray I'itin. head ; anal somewhat smaller. Outer teeth slender, mov-
able, broadened toward front of jaw which is notched; behind these a
band of minute teeth, scarcely distinguishable. Two rows of scales below
eye; preorbital, jaws, and narrow border of preopercle scaleless. Pecto-
ral shorter than head, not reaching ventrals, which are nearer snout than
base of caudal; origin of dorsal nearer base of caudal than gill opening;
anal slightly behind dorsal. Color in alcohol, upper half of body light
brown or brownish gray, lighter gray or silvery gray below, fading to
yellowish white toward ventral line; a silvery gray band along middle of
side, not well defined, its width that of 1 or 2 scales. Lake P^tzcuaro,
Mexico. ( Steindachner. )

Oharaeodon ItUtpoldii, Steindachner, Einigo Fischarten Mexico, 12, pi. 2, flgH. 3-31>, 1805,
Lake Pfttzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess TheroHa von Uayoni.)

Page 675. Garman refers Cyprinodo:< elegans to the synonymy of C.
eximiua and C. felicianus to that of C. riverendi, both of which seem to be
correct.

Page 680. Gambiisia infan» is probably identical with (!. gracilis, as
indicated by Garman.

Page 681. Garman calls our Gamhnaia affinis G. patruelia and makes G.
holbrooki, the northern form, a distinct species, muther of which views
seems to be justifiable.

Page 682. (iamhuHia nohilis and G. nicaragncnsis are referred by Garman
to the synonymy of (!. gracilis, which is questioniible; but his reference to
(I. pttnetieulaia of G. pictiirata is probably correct.

I,

Jordan and Evennatm. — Fishes of North Ametica. 2833

Page 682. After Gambiiaia affinis add :

lOOO(R). QAMBUSIA TRIDKXTIGGR, Oaman.

Head 4^; depth at anal 4^; sunut short, not iis long as f*yQ, narrow,
rounded forward, and blunt. D. 7 or 8; A. 10; V. (5; P. 12; scalea 2S to
30-8; vertebra) 14 + 17. Mouth medium, directed obliquely upward;
lower jaw longer than the upper, which is short, narrow, and protractile.
Teeth in the outer series larger, strongly hooked, pointed, broadened
somewhat toward the apex; inner series very small, in bands, tricuspid
as in Pwcilia; pharyngeal with a shoulder. Eye large, longer than snout,
3 in head. Fins small, excepting the caudal; dorsal smaller than anal
and farther back, its origin about midway from occiput to end of caudal,
nearly above the hindmost anal ray, 17 cv 18 scales from the head ; anal
origin midway between snout and end of caudal; farther forward on the
male, between the vcntrals, and the fin is modified to form an intromit-
tent organ about i length of entire fish ; caudal deep, as long as head,
rounded on hinder margin. Hcales large, median series on flank as wide
as eye. Intestine short. Light olivaceous, yellowish or brownish, with
7 or 8 vertical bars of brownish, separated by light or silvery spaces of
equal width, on the sides of the caudal portion, edges of scalea darker,
the centers or median series more or less silvery ; belly and lower surface
of head silvery or golden ; peritoneum black, showing through abdnominal
wall; occiput dark; top of snout light; a dark line between anal and
caudal ; dorsal with a faint spot or group of puncticulations behind the
middle near the base ; other fins plain to dark tipped. (Garman.) Isth-
mus of Panama, in fresh water (tridentiger, bearing trifld teeth).

Oambttsia tridentiger, Gakman, Cypriiiotlonts, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xix, No. 1, 89, pi.
4, fig. 10, 1895, Isthmus of Panama.

Pages 688 and 689. Heterandria versicolor and H. oecidentalis are cor-
rectly referred by Garman to the genus Pwcilia. It is not improbable that
H. versicolor is tlie same as Pwcilia vivipara, Bloch & Schneider.

Lebistes is doubtless identical with Pwcilia, as is also Acropwoilia.
Acropwcilia tridena is probably identical with Pwcilia dominicenais, as stated
by Garman.

Page 691. Garman wrongly refers Pwcilia butleri to the synonymy of
P. sphenopa.

Most of the Mexican and Central American species are imperfectly
known and imperfectly described. Of these Garman refers the following
to the synonymy of P. Hphenops, whether correctly or not only a study of
adequate material can determine: Pwcilia mexicana, P. thermalii, P.peten-
enaia, P. dovii, P. couchiana, P. plmnheua, P. faaciatua, and P. apilurua.

Pwcilia pavonina is referred, perhaps correctly, to the synonymy of P.
rittata.

Page 696. Garman thinks that Pwcilia vandepolli is identical with P.
retic^llata, Peters, which may be described as follows:

1032. IMKCILIA RKTU^ULATA. Potcrn.

D. 7 or 8 ; A. 8 or 9 ; V. 5 ; scales 26 to 28-8. Depth of body ? and length of
head nearly ^ of the length to the base of the caudal. Males rather more

, I

i : ",
Iff

^P^??^*'!«?*?5f!R5?P?r ''

2834 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

'•X

I

slender. Eye longer than snout, not quite \ of head, j^ of interorhitit .
space. Forehead flat. Dorsal origin somewhat nearer to end of snou
than to end of candal, opposite first ray of anal on females. Anal of mal(>
advanced, between the ventrals, which are elongate; anal process as lou'^^
as the head, without hooks. Caudal large, rather longer than head,
obtusely rounded; free portion of tail somewhat elongate, base of anal
being \ of its distance from the candal; ventrals reaching anal; pecto-
rals as long as the head, not reaching ventrals. Female yellowish olive,
scales with a narrow blackish edge, belly silvery, trunk above the belly
blackish. Male with 2 brown streaks along the trunk, sometimes conflu
ent into a band, a brown streak along the middle of the side of the tail,
a round Mack spot behind the shoulder, another at the commencement of
the caudal streak, and a third at the root of the caudal ; 1 or 2 of these
spots may bo absent. Trinidad; Veneznela (r«ficuIa<H*, netted).

The male from Venezuela differs in color from those from Trinidad. It
has large silvery patches between the brown streaks, and a large ovato
black spot in the middle of the side of the tail. (Glinther. )

Note.— The following is the original description : "Grungelblich mit einem schw.trzen
Netzwerk, desseu Moacuen den Random der Schnnpen parallel liueen, am Banche silbrig.
Sobupp«n in 7 Liings- und in 27 (juerreibon ; obwobl oinige derseluen diircbbobrt erscbei
nen, ist docb koine deutliche Seitenlinie zii seben. Gauze Liinge 39, Uiibe 9, Liinge dt^s
Kopfes 7 Millimeter. D. 8; A. 10. Caracas; in dom Onayre>Flaase von (iollner gesani-
III elt.

Peeeilia reticulata, Petbbs, Monatsb. Berl. Ak. 1859, 412, Caracas; Gasman, Cyprinn-

donts, 63, 1895.
Girardinus guppii, GOnthbr, Cat., vi, 353, 186G, Trinidad; Venezuela; Eiobnmann,

Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1891, 65.
Girardinus vandepolK, Van Lindth de .Tbdde, Notes from Loydon Museum, ix, 137, 1887,

Curasao, one of the Leeward Islands.
Ptxcilia vandepolli aruhentig. Van Lindtii db Jeudb, Notes from Leyden Mnscnni, ix,

137, 1887, Aruba, one of the Leeward Islands.
PaecUiabranneri, Eiobnmann, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci. 1894, 629.

Page 697. Garman refers PanAlia elongata, one of the best markeil
species of large size, and marine in its habitat, to the synonymy of i*.
gillii. This is certainly wrong, as is also the reference to P, gillii of 7'.
ohisoyensia and P. houcardi-

P. melanogaster is probably correctly referred to P. dominicvnsia.

Page 698. Add :

1087 la). PfECILIA CU^TEATA, Gnrman.

< i

i! ;

B. 5 ; D. 8 to 10; A. 10 or 9; V. 6; P. 15 or 16; scales 28 or 29-9. Short
and deep ; caudal pedicel deep. Head depressed, broad, flat on the crown,
equaling depth between dorsal and anal, or i of the length to the base of
the caudal ; snout as long as the eye, broad, truncate ; ohin short, steep ;
mouth wide, directed upward; jaws weak, loosely joined, lower short,
upper shorter, protractile; outer series of teeth slender, oar-shaped,
hooked, movable; inner in bands, small, pointed; eye large, as long as
snout, i of interorbital space, ^ of head. Dorsal larger than anal, origin
midway from head to base of caudal, over third ray of anal, 13 scales
behind the occiput. Anal small, acute angled, third ray longest; on the

''•!-:;i:|

Jordan and Ex'ermann. — Fishes of North America. 28.'i5

male the liaso of the anal is forward of that of the dorsal, the fin ia modi-
fied to form a sharp-pointed organ in which the rays are loss changed than
in most species; its length is less than that of the head. Ventrals small,
not reaching the anal. Pectorals reaching back over 7 scales. Caudal
deep, as long as the head, hind margin rounded. Scales large. IntcHtine
long. Brownish, olive tinted, bases of scales dark, back darker, and top
of head darkest; more or less of the hind margin, or \ of the scale, is
whitish to silvery on the scales of the flank; lighter to silvery under head
and abdomen ; dorsal with 1 to several transverse series of small spots
of black; fin sometimes black tipped ; a brownish streak extending back
and upward on the opercle behind the eye; caudal with small spots of
black on the basal half, or with a couple of clouded transverse bands;
other fins uniform or puncticulate ; very small ones are lighter with a
faint silvery band along the ~niddle of the flank, but without vertical
bars ; a large one has numerous small white spots, somewhat like Fundulua
heteroclitua. Femaleii 2^ and males liHr inches. Turbo, Gulf of Darien.
PceeUia etineata, Garman, Cyprinodonta, 02, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1895, Turbo, Gulf of Darien.

Page 704. After Typhlichihya, Girard, add:

(t. No Bcli^rnl cartilages; no pigment in or abont the eye; retinal elements readily Hepa-
rablo into ganglionic, inner reticular, and nuclear layers, the nuclear and outer
reticular layers rarely distiguishable ; diameter of eye about .150 mm.

HUBTERUANEUS, 1047.

aa. Scleral cartilages large, forming a liood over front of eye; a mass of pigment in
front of eye; pigment layer of retina with more or less pigment; eye a mere
vestige, about .040 mm. in diameter. ROSi«, 1047(a).

Fage 706. After Typhlichihya subterraneua add :

1047<a). TTPHLICHTHYS ROSJ^:, Eigenmnnn.

Extremely close to T. aubterraneua, from which it seems to differ only
in the less development of the eye. Scleral cartilages large, forming :v
hood over the front of the eye; a mass of pigment in front of eye; pig-
ment layer of retina with more or less pigment ; eye a mere vestige, i the
si/e of that of T. subterraneus, abont .040 mm. in diameter. The types of
this species are 2 small, thoroughly dissected specimens, in the Museum
of Indiana University, collected from a cave in Jasper County, Missouri,
by Miss Ruth Uoppin. (Named for Mrs. Rosa Smith Eigeumann.)

Typhlxehthya rosm, Eiuenmamn, Science, N. S., vol. vii, No. 1(J4, 227, February 18, 1808,
cave near Sarcoxie, Jasper County, Missouri.

Page 723. Hemiramphus balao is a valid species as defined.

Page 729 :

Erocwtua voUtana, Linn.'cus, as Lunnberg has shown, is identical with E.
evolana L. As the genus Kxocivtua, Syst. Nat., Ed: x, 816, is based solely
on Jixocwtua voUtana, the name Exocwtiia must go with this species, taking
the place of Halocypaelua. Tlie ordinary flying fishes must therefore be
called Cypsilurua. The species with long anal fin may, however, be held
as generically distinct from the type of Cypailurm, and for them {exailicns,
rondeletii, etc) the name Exonautea has been projioaed by. Jordan «& Ever-
mann, Chock List, 322. (Type, <!j«iKen«.) (f§o, outof; taurj/g, swimmer.)

. >-

i;i:{

,.irT^,—n—r.v..': «>■■"'

••

h

fl -^wi

I

2836 Bulletin 47, (United States National Museum.

Our gpenies of Exonauien are the following :

1080. KXONAUTKS EXSILIKNN (Miillcr).

1081. EXONAUTKN RONDKLETIl (Cuvior & YnloncionnoB).

1082. KX0NA1ITE8 VINVI(1UEKR£ (Jordan & Meek).

1083. EXOXAVTEH 8PE«;VLI0ER (Cuvier & ValencieniioH).

1084. EXONAVTES RUFIPINNI8 (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
To these should bo a<lded the following:

1084(»). EXOXAVTES AFFIMM (Giinther).

Head 4; depth 6; eye 3^; snout 3^. D. 11 to 13; A. 11 to 13; scales 6-50
to 52, 35 before dorsal. Iiiterorbital space flat, slightly greater than eye.
Pectoral fln extending scarcely beyond dorsal and annl; base of ventral
midway between eye and base of caudal, its rays reaching beyond middle
of base of anal; dorsal opposite anal, its anterior rays 2\ in head. Pec-
toral with an oblique white blotch across its lower half, and with a narrow
whitish margin ; ventrals grayish. Cuba? Atlantic ; West Africa. (Giin-
ther.) Probably distinct from A', apeculiffer.
Exoeaetua affinU, GUnther, Cat., vi, 288, 1806, Cuba?

The species of CypHlurun are the following :

1086. U¥P8IliURUS IIETERIJRUS (Kitflnenqne).
1080. CTPSIIiURUS LDTKENI (Jordan &. Evernmnn).

1087. OYPSIIiUKUS FURCATU8 (Mitohill).

1088. (;YPSILURDS nigricans (liunnott).
1080. CTPSIIiURDS XENOPTERUN (Gilbert).

1090. C'VPSILURIIS LINEATU8 (Cuvior & Valoncionnes).

Under this species (p. 739) for Corca (in 3 plac(^s) read fJorea.

1001. CYPSILVRUK (!YANOPTERIIK (Cuvior &. Valoncicnnoft).

This is a good species. The specimens recorded from .lames Island
belong to C. bahiensia.

1092. CYPSILURUS BAHIENSIS (Ranzani).

1098. CYPSILURU8 CALIPORNICUS (Cooper).

1094. CYP8ILURITS (^ALLOPTERUS (Giinther).

1006. VYPSILIJRUS CIIBBIFRUNS (Cuvior &. ValcncionneM).

Page 732. In the key, for "jj" read "/»/*," for "jjj" read "hhh," for
"kk" read "ii," for "it" read "gg," and for "hh" read "ff."

Page 746. According to the studies of Mr. Ruttor and Dr. (Jilbert all
the forms of Gasteroateua should probably be reduced to a single species
{Gasteroateua aculeatua), having 3 or 4 geographic varieties, each running
into a number of forms which diil'or in the degree of armature of the body.

Page 749. After Gaateroatena biapinoaua cinneri, insert:

1100(H). OASTEROSTEUS OLADIUNCULUK, Kendall.

Head 3^; depth 3]^; D. II-I, 10; A. 1, 8. Head rather long; eye about
3 times in head; opercle not striate; body deep, compressed, with 5 lateral

. Va-*'-!: . '>:i. A--i''-.-^iij>^.^W -

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 28.'17

dermal platoB miteriorly cnuntiug from poctoral flu, none poHteriorly ; chu-
(lul pediinchf shurt, naked, not keeled; innominate bone lanceolate, its
width about 3 times in length ; vi'uti'al Hpines rather long, about 1^ tinieH
in head, Herrated above and below, a Htrong unsp at base on both upper
and lower edge. Color in life, grass green, mottle<l and finely punctated
with black on top of head and back; sides of bead and body golden, with
dark blotches; breast silvery, vtaitrals scarlet. In alcohol the back be-
coniea smoky black, the mottling and black dots more distinct, the goltlcn
hue of the sides fades, becoming more or less silvery, the dark blotches
more ])ronouuced. Coast of Maine and Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
(gladiunciiluB, little sword; stickleiiaeks being called by the boys about
Portland, Maine, "Little swordtish.")

(laateroMteug !jl(uliuneulu$, Kkndau., I'roc. U. S. Niit. Mu8. I3U5, 023, off Seguin Island,
Maine. (Typt), No. 4758U. Coll. Oramput.)

Page 754. Auloatomua macnlatns is pinkish-red in life.

Page 757. FiaUilaria tabacaria has been recorded by Storer from Holmes
Hole, Massachusetts, and H. M. Smith records it from Uu/zards Hay, near
Quisset, and from about Woods Hole.

Page 762. In the key to species of Siphostoma read :

eee. Dorsal covering 4 or 5 caudal (not body) riuga.
o. IUn<;s 16 to 18 I 2D to 33.

q. KingH IG I 30 tu 33; dorHul 30 to 34, on 3-f-5 riiigs.

Page 767. It is doubtful if Siphostoma pelagicum occurs iu Auieiiua.
S. rousaeaui has probably beeu sometimes mistaken for it.

Page 768. After Siphostoma joneai add:

1124(a). 8IPHUST0MA ItOBKUTSI, Jordan & Hatter.

Head 7^ in length ; depth 2* in head ; eye 5 J in head. Dorsal 20, on C ^ 1
rings; segments 17 + ^2. Snout 2^ in head, with a slight keel; a slight
keel on top of head, another above opercle, and 1 on anterior side of
opercle, but not reaching posterior edge ; shields without spines; lateral
keel ending on last body segment; ventral keel on next to last; upper
body keel extending nearly to end of dorsal lin, upper caudal beginning be-
h"v it on lirst caudal segment ; all ridges of body very prominent, the tail
with 4 plain ridges ; caudal pouch 3 in total length. Color mottled brown,
paler below, the membrane connecting the segments pale bluish, forming
cross stripes which are especially marked on the egg pouch ; prominent pale
cross bars on lower side of head ; dorsal colorless, except that the base is
tinely dusted with brown ; cant' thickly dusted with brown, except near
base. This species is most closely related to Siphostoma joneai, differ-
ing in having a shorter dorsal with more rays, and in the lateral keel
ending distinct from lower caudal keel. Jamaica; 1 specimen, 4^ inches
long, known. (Named for Rev. Joseph Seed Roberts, who collected the
type.)

Siphostoma robertti, Jordan & Butter, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 97, Kingston,
Jamaica. (Type, No. 4988, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mua. )

•n. — -

3nK3

1 ^LM«U! JJJH/WMWMI

2838 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

1124(b). MII'HUMTOIIA STAUKNII, Jonlnii \ Culver.

Head lOi ; depth 21. Dornal 38, on 0 + 10 or 11 riugs. Rings 13 or 14 + 'i?
or 3K. lioad and body in tail 2. Snout 2;) in head. Dorsal h longer than
head. Itody ratiier stout. Head scarcely oariuuto above. Snout with n
slight Hmootii carina. Two lateral keels, contlueut into 1 behind. I^ell;^
slijfhtly keeled ; no keel on opercle. Color dark oi^vo, much mottled
with darker but without distinct markings; ye]h»w below. Male an*i
female common in the fresh waters of Rio Presidio at Maxatlau, amou;;
algic ; not seen in salt or brackish water. The ]>ouch of the male teem-
ing with t^ggs in January. Length 4 to 6 inches. Mazatlau, Mexico.
Common in the Rio I'residio in sluggish water, on the bottom, about u
mile below the village of Presidio. The sptcics is probably found iu
brackish and fresh waters rather than iu the sea.

Siphoitoina starkitii, Jordan &. Gulvkk, FihIiom Sinaloa, iu Proc. Cal. Ac. Sui. 1895, 410,
pi. 30, Rio Presidio, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 2686, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mum. Cull. lIupliiUH
Exped. to Mazatlnn.)

1124(c). 8IPH08T01IA HINALOJi:, Jordan & Starka, now siieoiuH.

Allied to Siphostoma arctum Jenkins & Evermann.

1 lead 8^ in length to base of caudal ; depth 3^ in head. Dorsal 26, on 1 j -f
5 rings, 14 -f 35. Snout 1^ in head, a strong median ridge above running to
between middle of eyes, a ridge on each side from angle of mouth to below
eye, occipital and nuchal plates keeled, a slight keel on anterior part of
operclo ; dorsal keels ceasing in front of the la«t 4 or 5 rays of dorsal, vhc
lateral ridge running up and continuing ua dorsal ridges; belly with a
keel on each side. Preanal part of belly If in postanal part; pectoral
shorter than eye, caudal 3 in head. Color olive brown above, abruptly
lighter below lateral ridges anteriorly, the edges of the plates dark,
forming reticulations on lower parts of body; between every 4 rings
is a narrow white cross bar; from each eye in a narrow light bar running
upward and backward to occiput; caudal dark. The 2 type specimens, 1
of which was sent to the British Museum, collected by the Hopkins
Expedition at Mazatlan. Thoy were erroneously referred to Hiphoatoma
arctum in our paper on the Fishes of Sinaloa. Type, No. 2945, L. S. Jr.
Univ. Museum.

Page 772. Corythroiohthya, Kaup, should apparently be recognized as
a genus distinct from Siphostoma. The species belonging in it are the
following:

1184. VOBTTHBOIGHTH¥!!l ALBIB08TBI8, Heckel.

1185. VOB¥TKBOI€HTHTS €ATANNEN8I8 (Sauvago).
1135(a). COBYTHBOIOHTHYS CAYOBUM, Evermann &. Kendall.

Head 8?; depth 12^; snout Si in head; eye 4^. D. 21 rays, on U -|-3i
rings; A. 3, on first caudal ring; C. 10, P. 10. Rings 17+26 = 43. Body
short and stout; head short, snout vejry short; tail but little lon^;er than
head and trunk. Cranial ridges strong; a high, sharp keel on snout, the
occipital keel very high, its edge convex, notched near the middle, not

^ I

Jordan and Evertnann. — Fishes of North America. 2S;i9

(loiitiniioUB with kool on snout; a stron;; supraocular rid^e, bef^inniuK
opposite posterior end of uaHal keul and oontiuuiu); baclcward with 1
IiiutuH upon upper oflgu ofoporolo; just bulow tliiH on the opurcle anotlier
longer but scarcely stronger rid^e ; another short ridge on anterior part
of operole at level of lower part of eye ; opercles very convex, as if swollen
outward; keuls on body and tail all strong; the 2 lateral keels on body
turniinating on third caudal ring; the 2 lateral keels on tail beginning on
the last body ring, thus overlapping the body keels; median keel on side
well developed, terminating on sixteenth body ring; ventral keels strong;
abdominal keel very strong. Egg sac on iirst IH caudal rings. Color yel-
lowish brown, with darker punotnlations ; tip of snout white; ohuek,
throat, and under parts of snout white, crossed by about 7 or 8 irregular
brownish bars extending downward and backward; opercles brown ; flns
pale. This species is related to €. alhiroatris of Heokel, di tiering from it
chietly in the shorter snout, smaller dorsal, and fewer rings. Key West,
Florida, {cayorum, of the Keys; from Cayo Hueso, Btme Key, the original
Spanish name of the island of Key West.)

Corylhoiehthyi eayorum, Evkuhann & Kendall, Bull. U. H. Fish C'omiii. 1897 (Feb. 0,
1808), 128, pi. 7, fig. 7, near Crawfish Bar, Key West, Florida. (Type, a male 3}
inohes loiif;, Mo. 48784. Coll. Drs. Evermann &. Kendall.)

Page 774. Syngnathus miuoreu8 is doubtfully American. Until a com-
parison of specimens can be made our species may stand as —

1188. SYNGNATHUS IIECKELI (Kaup).

Page 792. Lethostole, Jordan & Evermann, is identical with ChiroHtoma,
and the definition assigned is that of Chiroatoma.
To the synonymy of Chirostoma eator add :

Atheriniehthyt albtu, Stbindachnbr, Anzeiger der Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1894, 148,
Lake Pdtzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Thcrcse von Itayorn.)

Page 793. In Chiroatoma humboldtianum the scales are serrulate. After
this species insert the following:

1166(a). t'HlROSTOHA (IBANDOCULK (Steindachnor).

Head 4 ; depth 5^ ; eye 3|j^ in head ; interorbital width 4^ ; pectoral tin 1^ ;
ventral 2^; oaadal 1^; anal base li, its greatest height 1|. D. Y-1, 10;
A. I, 20; P. 15 or 16; scaleSxGO to 62-15 or 16. Upper profile of head merg-
ing gradually into that of back, rising slightly toward beginning of second
dorsal. Lower jaw sligh dy projecting ; posterior end of upper jaw reach-
ing eye. Teeth on maxillary sharp, brush-like, in 3 or 4 rows, the inner
teeth of the maxillary and the outer teeth of lower jaw somewhat enlarged
and close set. Cheek narrower than in C. humboldtianum and C. eator, and
with 4 rows of scales. Origin of first dorsal midway between anterior bor-
der of eye and base of caudal, the second dorsal i diameter of eye nearer
base of caudal than hinder border of eye; greatest height of second dorsal
scarcely greater than base of fin . Longest anal ray about li in base of fin ;
dorsal and anal concave on free border; origin of anal nearly an eye's
diameter in front of that of second dorsal ; caudal deeply incised, the mid-

.... :»-V

i-^

i !
i i

i i i

s »•

2840 Bullctm //, United States National Museum.

die rays abont 2 in the longest ; caudal peduncle more than 4| in hody,
its least depth somewhat more than 2 in greatest depth of body. Scales
slightly ctenoid. Side with a broad, sharply defined silvery-gray band.
Body much more slender, snout shorter, iind eye larger than in C. hum-
boldtianum or C. estor. Length 5 inches. Lake Pittxcuaro. Mexico.

Athi'riniehthys grandoeulit, Stkindaiuiner, Auzoigvr tier Kii>8. Akad. d. Wiasensch. Wien.
1894, 149, Lake P&tzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Theruso vuii ISayoru.)

354(a). ESLOPSARUM, .Ionian &. Everniann.
JUtlopsarum, Jordan &- Evermann, Check-List Fishes, 330, 1896 (jordaHi).

This genus is close to Chiroafoma, from which it differs in the large en-
tire scales. To it belong the 2 following species:

1156. ESLOPHABVSi BAKTONl (Jordan & Evemiauu).
1167. K8L0P8ABUM JORDAN! (Woolinan).

To the synonymy of this spetues shoTild be added

AtherinichthyH brevU, Stkindachrbr, Anzeiger der Kais. Akatl. d. Wissensch. Wien. 1894,
149, Lake Cuitzeo, Mexico. (Coll. Prinzessin Tberese vun Bayern.)

Page 793. In Ealopaarum jordani the. anal is 1, 16, not 1, 6.

Page 795. Kirtlandia laciniata has boen found to intorgrade with 7i.
ragran8 and should stand as —

1168a. KIRTLANDIA TAGRANS LACINIATA (Swaiu).

Page 796. lender d in the key read :

d. Snou*' about cqiiul to eye, which is 3 to 3J in head.
Page 800. An examination of numerous specimens of Menidia from vari-
ous idaces between Florida and Halifax shows that M. notafa and AI.
menidia intergrade perfectly. The first will therefore stand as —

il07a. MENIDIA MKNIDIA NOTATA (Mitchill).

Page 801. Menidia gnatemaloiaia and Menidia pachylcpia belong in the
genus Thyrina, Jordan & Culver.

Page 819. Agonostomtis namtiis has the anal usually II, 10, sometimes
11,9.

Page 821. Add the following :

In the Transactions of the Jamaica Society of Arts for 1855, Mr. Richard
Hill gives a paper on '-'Fishes of the Jamaica Shores and Kivers" which
has been overlooked by subsequent writers. The list is chiefly a nominal
one, but it contains a number of vernacular names not elsewhere given.
The only new species are given nnder the heud of Labrax {■page 142) and
Mugil (page 143), and these are named rather than described. Th. y are
the following :

There is another Labrtue, comnion enough in the Kingston market when the rains
send strong freshets from the river into the harbor. The fishermen call it the river
chub, and confound it with the mueronaHu. It is a different species ; it is iuarkud with

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2841

4? in l»ody,
>dy. Scules
-gray band,
in C. hum-
xico.

sensch. Wioii
rn.)

e large en-

. Wien. 1894,

9 with K.

rrom vari-
% and M.

ng in the
ouietiui«;8

. Richard
i" which
nominal
re given.
142) and
rh, y are

the rains
the river
rkcrt with

bauds like the Terca fluviatilit of Europe, and tht> Perea granulata of America. We will
call it the Labrax pluvialit, rainy weather <;hub.

Mugii petrotut — rock mullet ;

lineatui — .short, mullet, 1;
alb(({a— short mullet, 2;
eurem a — If'ag m ullet ;
cf; uiHoeuhis —horse-eye mullet ;
eapittdi lus — drab mullet, long ears ;
piu.ifieri— ■pond nuiUct;
lua— callipeva ;
Dajaus monticola — mountain mullet;

ehoirorynehua — hog-nose mullet.

The Dajaut monticola inhabits only the mountain streams ; the ehoirorynehua or hog-
nose mullet IS a tish of double the size of the monticola, and found in the H.-ime waters.
The mugil liza is the largest of the mullets, from 20 inches to 3 feet long ; the callipeva is
the name by which it is exclusi ely known. This is, no doubt, its Indian name. The
eiiuinocvlus and eapitulinui, known in the market as long mullets, are readily di.stiu-
guishable from each other by the size of the head, and especially by the size of the eye:
the horse-eye mullet has the large eye, the eapitulinus 'i.nusually small. The plumieri,
Plumier's mullet of Cuvier & Valenciennes, is a lonj/ mullet; and the lineatug and
alhula what the market people distinguish as abort mullets. The callipeva is a river
mullet seldom extending further than the embouchure of streams, or into the ponds and
marshes. The exirema is a large mullet found on the sea banks; it is the most highly
colored of all the mullets, the bock is a golden green and it has scales on the second
dorsal fin.

Dajaua choirorynchus is identical with Agonostomus naautus, but the
scanty description hardly jnstities the substitution of this name for the
later one. The other new species we fail to identify. Labrax pluvialia we
do not recognize.

Page 823. I'he great Barracwla should stand as —

1100. SPHYHEXA UABIUCUDA (Walbaum).

To its synonymy add : •

Esox barracuda, Wai.baum, Artedi Piscium, ni, 94, 1792 ; after Catesby.

Page 827. The veutrals in the Pohjnemidiv are truly thoracic, the long
pubic bone being attached to tiie shoulder girdle. This family is prolia-
bly nearest allied to the Sciwnidw.

Page 833. After Ammodytes personatua add :

372(a). RHYNCHIAS, dill, new genus.

Rhijnchiat, Gn.h, MS., new genus (teptipinnia) .

This generic name is provisionally given to a species known only from
a description of Pallas, and supposed to differ from Ammodytea in the
presence of ventral tins. It maj' prove to belong to some different family.
{fjvyxoi, snout.)

1214(a). BHTXCHIA8 8GPTIPIXM8 (Pallas).

This species has not been recognized by any recent collector, and it is
not ci^rtain to what family it belongs. The following is the substance of
Pallas's description :

D. 43; A. 24; V. 8; P. 16; C. 24. Form of Ammodytea tobianua. Head
3030 101

r-1

^

■1

II

i^

lu:

!t>

I ;1

"4

< 1.

2842 Bidlctiyi 4.7, United States National Museum.

compressed; snout long, blender, depressed. Maxillary with fine teeth;
rictus long. Brancbiostegals 4. Hody compressed, slender, with trans-
verse streaks. Scales inconspicuous; 1 lateral line. Pectoral largo, un-
armed. Dorsal short, well backward, lower posteriorly; caudal sul)
bifurcate. Color white, the dorsal edged with darker. Kamohatkii.
(Pallas.)

If we can trust the description, this fish would seem to represent a dis
tiuct genus of Ammodytida'., characterized by the presence of ventral fiiiH,
but it may be that the account is erroneous in this regard and that I'uUiis
had in mind Ammodytea personatm. {septem, seven; pinna, tin.)

Atumodytei aeptipinnig, Pallas, BoHHO-Aaiat., in, 1811, Kamchatka.

Page 833. Ammodytes alaacanus is not separable from A. peraonatm.

Page 839. Caulolepin lonf/ident occurs also in the PiiciHc, specimens hav-
ing been collected by the Albatross at Cortbz Banks, off San Diego, Cali-
fornia, in 1896.

Page 847. Add :

i280(s). MVKll'KIKTIS (ILARIONKNSIS, Gilbert.

Head 3^, in length; dei»th 2?. D. X-I, 14; A. IV, 12; scales 3^-41-7.
Least depth of caudal pednnole i length of snout and eye. Greatest
(oblique) diameter of eye 2| in head. Least interorbital width equaliu<;
length of snout, 4^ in head. Mouth less oblique than in related species,
*\v, line of upper jaw with a more pronounced double curve. Lower jaw
the longer, with well-developed symphyseal knob. Teeth iiuely villiforni,
very slightly enlarged toward niiddla of both jaws; wide patches of simi-
lar teeth on head of vomer and on palatine bones. Length of maxillary
(measured from front of upper jaw) very slightly (about a'u) less than
length of snmit and eye. Color before immersion in spirits, reddish, the
upper parts dusky, especially on top of head and on the margins of the
scales ; evident horizontal dusky streaks between the rows of scales ; oper-
cular membrane blackish ; fins all light, without dark markings. Diti'er
ing from all known American species of Myripriatis in having 3^ series of
scales between the lateral line and the base of the spinous dorsal, instead
of 2^. Length 6|^ inches. Revillingodo Islands; only the type known.

Myriprittia elarinnenitis, Gilbbkt, Proo. U. S. Nat. Miia. 1800, 441, pi. 60, Clarion Island,
Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Type, No. 47740. Coll. Vr. Gilbert.)

Page 852. Insert the following description by Jordan «& Rutter of
Itolocentrus marianiis, based upon .« specimen 6 inches long from Jamaica:

Head 2} ; depth 2 in length ; eye 2^ in head. D. XI, 13; A. IV, 9; scales
4-45-7. Dorsal outline much more curved than ventral; mouth low, but
little oblique, the lower jaw projecting and entering npper profile; max-
illary to below middle of eye; eye large, lower margin of orbit cut by a
line connecting tip of snout and upper base of pectoral ; angle of opercle
high, higher than top of pupil, with 3 sharp teeth, small teeth along the
margin next the subopercle; snbopercle long and narrow, dentate near
npper end; preopercle very finely serrnte, with a strong spine at angle; a
single row of scales on opercle along margin of preopercle; suborbital

Jordan and Evetmann. — Fishes of North America. 2843

bones very narrow, finely serrate ; premaxillary groove on top of head aa
long aH eye; length of pectoral equals head behind niiddlr of eye; spinuus
dorsal depressible nto a groove, highest (autarior) rays of soft dorsal
equal to ventrals, longer than soft rays of anal; third anal spine very long
iind heavy, as long as pectorals; caudal forked almost to base, the lobes
«M|uin, as long as pectorals. Each row of scales with a red band, yellow
lines between the rows; fins all yellowish. This is a strongly marked
species, very different from Holoeeiitrus aacensionis, perhaps the type of a
distinct genus, characterized by the large mouth and projecting chin.

Page 8SS. Dr. Rean reports the Red Mullet or Goat Fish (Miillua aura-
tu8) as being plentiful at Sandy Hook in September and October.

Page 857. The nominal genus MuUoidea can not bo separated from
Upeneua.

Page 866. Tn Scomber colias read: Head about 3; depth 4 j^; first dor-
sal longer than high.

Page 873. To the synonymy «)f Scomberomorua add :
roliplurua, Kafinesi^ite, AuuI. do lu Nature 1815, 84; Hubatitiito for Seomberomorus.

Page 874. In line 12 of description of Scombvromorua maculatua, for
"side" read "part."

Page 878. Bipinniila, Jordan &, Evermann, is a synonym of Eacolar,
.Jordan and Evermann, in Cioode and Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 519, 1896.
The error resulted from Goode &, Bean taking our original MS. name Eaco-
lar, for which we afterwards substituted Jiipinnula.

This genus and its species will therefore stand as follows :

■'.M.

396. ESCOLAR, Jordan & Evermann.

Kteular, Jordan &, Evermann, In Goode Sc Bean, Oceanic Ichtlij'ology, 519, Aug. 2a, 1890

(violaceut).
Bipinnula, Jordan & Evermann, FIhIios North and Middlo Ainer., 878, Oct. 3, 1806

(violacnu).

1267. KSCOLAK VIOLACKUK (Bean).

Page 886. Instead of Lepidopua caudatua, which is not yet known to
occur in American waters, insert:

1276. LKFIDOPUS XANTIJSI, Goode &. liean.

Head 4'!t in body; depth 3 in head; oye 5^; interorbital space 8]^; snout
3; maxillary 3]^. D. 82; A. II, 4.5. Jaws with long, sharp teeth in front,
followed by single rows of weaker ones, arranged in groups of twos and
threes. Height of dorsal, near middle of body, 3 in head. Anal preceded
by 2 scutes, the first minute, the second wide, strongly keeled, its length
I the diameter of eye. Pectorals of 12 rays, length 2 in head. Each
ventral coDsiats of a fiat keeled spine followed by a minute ray. This
hpecies is known from 2 small mutilated specimens, both found on the
beach near San Jose del Cabo, Cape San Lucas. The type was taken by
John Xantus, about 1860, and recorded by Jordan A (iilbert as Lepidopua
caiidatiia. The second, of about the same size (5A inches), was taken by

^•1-

■'.';■' I

2844 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

\A

i

: .(

:i

Richard C. McGregor, in 1897. From the Jatter the above account waH
taken. The species differs from Lejndopua caudatus in the much shorter
dorsal and longer auul. D. 103; A. 24. (Named for John Xantus dc
Veaoy.)

Lepidopus caudatut, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 358 ; not of Euphraskn
Lepidopus xantusi, Goode & Bean, Ocean. lohth., 510, 1896; same type; no descript^ioii.

Page 889. irichiurufi leptiirus Ih recorded by Storer from Buzzards Ba,\
(1840) and Wellflcet, Massachusetts (1845), and H. M. Smith records it
from Woods Hole (1897).

Page 892. The synonymy at top of page under I'etrapturun imi>erator
belongH to the footnoto on same page.

Page 899. Add :

12H0(a). OLIflOPIilTKS MUNDUS, Jordan & Starks, new speoioa.

Head 4; depth 2^; eye 4J. D. V-I, 19; A. II-I, 20. Body deep and
comi)re88ed. Length of head about }; greater than its dej? *' at nape; ey«
ei|ual to snout and to interorbital ; maxillary extendiu^^ onsiderably
beyond vertical from hinder margin of eye, its length 1;^ in head; second
suborbital not over | as wide as lowest, and much shorter, thus form
ing a prominent notch in posterior margin of suborbital boues; a sli<>;ht
emargination in opercle in front of pectoral. Teeth small, sharp, in :i
band in each jaw, narrow in upper. Orig-n of soft dorsal midway
between snout and base of caudal, the anal opposite; the anterior rays
of both somewhat produced; second soft ray of each equal to head behind
]>upil, and ec^ual to pectoral; ventrals equal to $ ot pectorals, their innei'
margins fastened to body; caudal deeply forked, the middle rays 3^^ in
longest, which are longer than head. Lateral line nearly straight, but
forming a broad angle above pectoral. Color silvery on sides, becom-
ing darker above; lins colorless. This species differs from OligopHtea
alius in the much larger mouth and in having the suborbital boues notched
posteriorly. OliijoplHen auliens of the West Indies seems t«) be more elon-
gate in body and with the suborbitals even behind as in 0. alius. Pacific
coast of tropical America.

This description is based on a specimen 11 inches long from 8au Jnaii
Lagoon, Mexico, at the mouth of Ahome River, collected by the Albatrosn.
Three other specimens from Algodones Lagoon, Mexico {Alhutroaa Coll.),
agree in every respect, except that 1 of them has but 4 free si>ine8 in
front of dorsal.

Numerous other specimens have been since brought by Dr. Gilbert from

Panama.

OUgophiten vnmdtu, Jordan &. Starks, in Jordan & Evkrmann, Check-Liat Fishes, iU.
1806, Mazatlan, Mexico ; name only.

Page 909. The Californian species Tyaohurua aymm'tricua is i>robabIy a
species distinct frout T. picturaUis, described from Madeira. The two
Ibrms have never been properly compared.

Page 912. The identity of Hemicarnnx amhhjrhynchus with Caranxfal-
vatua, Holbrook, needs proof. The latter species, if distinct, may be de-
scribed as follows:

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 284S

1806(it). HEMICARANX FALCATUH (Holbrook).

Head 6 in total ler ^th ; depth about 3. D. VII-I, 28 ; A. II -I, 25 ; C. 19 ;
V. 5 ; P. 16; lateral line with 50 plates. Body oval, ooinpresse*! ; the houd
short, the facial oiitli 9 descending in a gentle curve to snout, which is
roanded though narrow. Eye large, in the middle third of the head, the
posterior margin rather nearer snout than posterior margin of opercle;
nostrils close together, nearly midway between eye and sncmt, and on a
line within the orbit, the posterior larger, snbround, the anterior ovoidal.
Mouth small; each jaw with a single row of slender, conical teeth; a
small patch of minute teeth on the vomer, and a small, narrow group oi
similar i ^eth on the palatines; tongue small, narrow, a few minute teeth
near its base; pharyngeal bones armed with numerous curd-like teeth,
longerthan those of the jaws. Hoftdorsal long and low, the first 3 or4 rays
moderately elevated, the lin scaled at base; pectoral falcate, very long,
extending to anterior third of soft dorsal ; ventral small, very short, reach-
ing beyond vent; anal shaped like the soft dorsal ; caudal very long and
widely forked, the upper lobe more than ^ longer than the lower. Lat-
eral line at first almost semicircular; at origin of soft dorsal descending
to median*]^lane, then straight; plates beginning with the soft dorsal in-
creasing in size to the thirty-fifth, whence they decrease rapidly; scales
minute, those of lateral line elongated quadrilateral, with 1 angle pro-
longed and rounded. Color, Tipper part of head and body above lateral line
pale brown with slight bluish tint; lower jaw, opercle, and side yellowish ;
belly silvery, with a slight golden tint; anterior dorsal transparent; pos-
terior transparent but with a yellowish tint; caudal yellowish. Known
certainly only from Charleston, South Carolina.

Garanx falcatuH, Holbrook, Ichth. South Carolinn, 02, pi. 13, tig. 2, Charleston, South
Carolina.

Page 914. Add:

k1:

Fiahea, 344.

lS06(a). IIEHICAKAW ZRLOTES, Gilbert, new sperien.

Head 4 to 4i ; depth 2''^ to 2)f . D. VII-I, 26 to 29 ; A. II-1, 23 to 25 ; P. 20
to 22; scutes about 52. Body regularly elliptical, its greatest depth about in
middle of its length, exclusive of caudal peduncle. Head small ; anterioi
profile more decurvetl, and hence the snout is blunter than in //. atrtmanus;
depth of head just behind eye about f its length. Jaws subequal, tip ol
lower slightly proje<'ting; maxillary narrow, not quite reaching aiiteriti
margin of pupil, about 3,', in head (3^ to 3;^ in atrimaniis). A single series
of small, close-set, subeciual teeth in each jaw; no teeth on vomer, pala-
tines, or tongue. Orbit considerably greater than snout, 3^^ to 3| in hea«l.
Interorbital width Ctakcn at anterior margin of orbit) slightly less than
orbit. Occiput with an evident carina. Distance from snout to first dor-
sal spine greater than length of pectoral. Spinous <lorsaI very low, the
highest spine considerably less than orbit (greater tlian orbit in atrimaniin) ;
a well-developed antrorso spine before the dorsal; soft dorsal and anal
similar, not falcate, the rays di^creasing in size from the first; highest ray
of soft dorsal 2 to 2^ in head ; highest ray of anal about 2^ in head ; dor-
sal and anal depressible into a high sheath of scales, the lust 3 or 4 rays

■1:1

I 'S

Mi^La

■ I

m-

2846 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

uncovered ; caudal fin wide, well forked, the upper lobe the longer, tho
longest ray not quite I total length of body; pectoral fin long, 3^ to 3^ in
body (2]f to 2f in atrimanus) ; veutrals 2i to 2^ in head. Scales as in airi-
-mantia; lateral line with a very strong curve anteriorly, the height of the
curve 2f to 3i in its length ; its length 2^ to 2^ in the straight portion;
entire length of straight portion with scutes, which are very small iu
front and behind ; scutes considerably wider and lower than in atrimamin,
the widest about \ diameter of orbit (about \ diameter of orbit in atri-
manus). Coloration much as in H. atrimanua, but darker, and the fins
without yellow ; blackish olive above, dusky silvery below ; top of head
and snout black ; spinous dorsal and the broad margins of soft dorsal and
anal black ; caudal dark, margined with black ; pectorals very dark, black
inside, the extreme lower rays liglit; a large jet-black blotch at base, on
each side of pectorals, extending for about i the whole length of the fin ;
axil black. Closely related to Hemicaranx atrimanua. Like it, it has a
large jet-black area at axil and base of pectoral, and dift'ers from it in the
following characters: In having a shorter pectoral, shorter vcntrals, pro-
file of snout more rounded, a lower spinous dorsal, a shorter maxillary, a
higher, shorter curve«in lateral line, wider scutes, which are less sharply
oarinated, and darker fins. Panama. (Ce/lor^g, an imitator.)

Page 921. Caranx cryaos and Caranx piaqttetua are probably distinct spe-
cies, the former ranging from New York to Florida, tlie latter from the
West Indies to Brazil.

In Caranx piaquetuH the pectoral fins are very long, as in the Pacific spe-
cies Caranx cdballua, from which we can uot separate it. The species need
further study.

Page 934. After Fomer «e(tpinni8 add:

1329(a). VOMER SPIXII (Swainson).

Head 2|; depth 1^; D. VI-1, 22; A. 1, 18; eye 3| in head; maxillary 2^;
snout 1^ ; caudal 1. Body very deep, in form much like Selene aratedii;
profile very steep, almost vertical; snout slightly protruding. Mouth
oblique, maxillary reaching to the vertical from front of eye; gill rakers
7 to 27, the longest a little more than | eye. Lateral line strongly arched
in front, the arch 1^ the straight part; plates of lateral line little differ-
entiated; pectoral falcate, as long or slightly longer than head; vcntrals
small, under base of pectorals. Color bluish above, sides silvery, fins
except ventrals and anal dusky. Here described from specimens from
Jamaica about 10 inches in length. These specimens are evidently differ-
ent from the Northern f'omtr aetipinnia {^:=:Vomer hrowni), the body in sjiec-
imens of the same length being much deeper. It corresponds to the figur '
given by Agassiz of Vomer browni, this figure being the basis of Vomer
apixii of Swainson. Probably all West Indian records of Vomer aetipinnia
belong to Vomer apixii. (Named for Jean Baptiste Spix, of Munich, natur-
alist and explorer. )

Platytomus npixii, SwAinson, ClasR. Fiahes, in, 250 ami 406, 1839, Brazil; after AaAS8i7.&

Spix.
Vomer gahonentu, Gur'HBNOt, Ann. Hoc. Mtiinu vt Loire, 18C5, 42, Gaboon.

•»r

tnr AaASSi/ &

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 2847

Page 938. To the synonymy of Chloroacombrus chrifaurus add:

Seriola eoimopolita, Ccvier, K6gne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. ii, 1820, Gorea ; after Scomber
ehlorin, Bloch.

Add the followin;r Kpecies :

1884(a). CHLOROSCOMBRVS El'TENURVS, Jordan & Osgood.

Head 3| ; depth 2if. D. VIII-I, 27; A. II-I, 26. Snout slightly shorter
than eye, which is 3^ in head. Chord of curved part (»f lateral line 1^ in
straight part. Depth of caudal peduncle 2 in its length, measuring from
the base of the last dorsal ray to the base of the first caudal ray. Pecto-
rals long and falcate, 3 in length ; ventrals short, 2\ in head, extending
beyond the vent, which is sitnated in a groove la which these lins fit.
De])th of head equal to or slightly less than its length ; maxillary reaching
anterior edge of eye, 2j? in head. Lateral line unarmed; curve of ventral
outline very slightly more pronounced than that of the dorsal; dorsal
and anal iin sheaths well developed. Tips of upper spines and rays dusky ;
a black blotch at baseof upper rays of caudal, and a black axillary and oper-
cular spot. The species is closely related to Chloroacovibrus chryanrus, the
common species of the South Atlantic and Gulf States, which it evidently
represents in the West Indies. The species chryauriia is deeper in every
way, having a deeper body, a deeper head, and a deeper caudal peduncle.
In chry»uru8 also the eye is larger, the mouth more nearly vertical, and
the arch of the lat>eral line higher. When specimens of equal si/o from
Florida and Havana are compared the characters arc very evident. In
2 specimens, each 7i inches in length, from Havana and Florida, respec-
tively, the de]>th of the body of the one is contained 1^ times in that of
the other, the depth of the head l^l, the depth of the caudal peduncle 1^,
and the length of the eye 1;!,. The names chryaurna (South Carolina), laiua
(Carolina), and cariha'^us (Texas) evidently all belong to the sp<>cie8 of the
United States coast. The type of chloria came from Acara, in Guinea, and
coamopolita of Cnvier was originally ns a mere substitute for chloria. Until
the African species can be examined, it is butter not to use the name for
either of the American forms. Probably Chloroavombrua chloria, when
studied, will be found distinct from either. If not, that name would take
the place of ectenurna. West Indies; known from Jamaica and Cnba.
(ixTevyi, extended; ovpd, tail.)

Vhloroseombnu eelenurvs, Jordan & Osgood, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1897, 101, Jamaica.
(Coll. J. S. Roberts.)

The validity of Chloroacomlrua ecteniirua is still doubtful.
Page 942. After Trachinoius falcatua add:

1887(«). TRAOHINOTVR RHOHROIDES (lUuctO.

Head 3i; depth 1? in length; eye 3^^ in head. I). VI-I, 20; A. II-I 18.
Hack much elevated, but not angulatcd at origin of soft dorsal; end of
snout not vertical, curved; head slightly concave at occiput. Maxillary
to below anterior margin of pupil ; eye on level of lower edge of premax-
illary and axil of pectoral. Origin of soft dorsal behind tip of pectoral.

ill 'W <'

' u-

3frn

ri :.■'

«i., ;

)ij>

.' ;

1 i

2848 Bulletin 4.y^ United States National Museum.

itH lobo much elongated, extending to middle of caudal ; lobe of anal reach-
ing to below base of caudal; cuudal lobes equal, 2^ in body; pectoral
rounded, 1^ in head ; ventrala 2\ in head. Scales minute, large posteriorly
near lateral line. Pale olive above, becoming silvery on belly; lobes o I
vertical fins dusky. This West Indian species is apparently different from
the northern Trachinotiia falcatus with which it has been confounded.
Trachinotu8 falcatus soems to be confined to the coasts of the Unite!
States. In specimens of the same size the vertical (ins are much higher
in the West Indian species, {poiifioi, rhomb; etSco^, resemblance.)

Oho'todon rhomboides, IJi.o()H, Ictith., 1787, pi. 200, Martinique.
Page 945. After Trachinotua paloma ins(;rt:

428(a). ZALOCYS, Jordan & McGregor.

Zalocys, Jokoan & McOuKoon, Kept. U, S. Fish Coiiini. 1898 (ttilbe).

This genus is closely allied tP Hypodia, Rafinesque (==IAcliia, Cuvier),
differing in the absence of a piocurreut spine before the dorsal, and in the
cnltrate thoracic region. From Trachinotua it is distinguished by the Bani(>,
characters and also by the lower forehe&d and nonfalcate dorsal and anal
fins. Htipodia is scarcely different from Trachinotua, the <mly tangible
characters being the larger teeth, the low dorsal, and the less elevated
forehead. Porthmcua, Cuvier (= Lichia arnia and L. radigo) is a well-defined
genus, distinguished by the large mouth and projecting lower jaw. (CaAr/,
surge of the sea; duvg, swilt.)

1844(H). ZALOCYS .STILBK, Jordan & McGregor.

Head 4] ; depth 2A. 1). VI-I, 26; A. 11-1,23. Body elliptical, deeper
than in ITypodia glaucna; belly sharply compressed ; ventral outline similar
to that of dorsal; anterior profile of the head elevated and sharp, the eye
being rather below than above its middle ; eye 5 in head, with conspicu-
ous adipose eyelid before and behind ; posterior nostril much larger than
anterior; vertically oblong maxillary broad, without supplemeniial bone,
extending to pupil, 2g in head. Mouth moderate, oblique; each jaw with
bands of villiform teeth; similar teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue.
Preopercle very broad; check moderate; suborbital narrow; preorbital
very narrow, 4 in eye. No pseudobranchia'.. Gill rakers very long and
slender, numerous. No procumbent spine before dorsal ; spines low and
separate, progressively higher; soft dorsal and anal each with a sheath of
scales; first rays of dorsal very slightly elevated, 2J- in head; anal without
distinct anterior lobe, longest ray 2| in head; caudal peduncle long and
slender; depth 3| in head; length below 2i in head; caudal fin widely
forked ; lobes long and slender, upper a little the longer, more than i
longer than the head and 2g in body; pectoral moderate, 1^ in head;
ventrals very small, 6j in head ; sncmt 3^ in head ; premaxillary protractile.
Color dark steel blue or blackish above; lower parts soiled white; axil
and base of pectoral within jet-black ; dorsal and anal each with a narrow
whitish edging; caudal black, each lobe with a narrow whitish edging
within. Body covered with small smooth scales, mui^h as in Trachinotua;

IT

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2849

lateral line nndnlate, very sli^jhtly arched anteriorly. Clnrion Island;
1 specimen, 16 inches in len^^th, known. (driX/Htf, shining.)

Zaloeyt atilbe, Jordan & McGrrgor, Kept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1B98, pi. 5, Clarion Island,
Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Typo, No. 11096, L. S. Jr. U. M. Coll. R. C. McOregor.)

Page 965. Rhombus, Palometa, and Poronotiia shonld probably stand a^
distinct genera. The species placed in Khombua in the text would then
stand as follows :

1808. RHOMBUS PARU (Liiinicns).

1864. RIIOMnilS XANTHVRIIS (Qnoy & Gainiard).

13A5. PAIiOMKTA PALOXKTA (Jordan & Bollman).

1300. PALOMKTA MEDIA (Peters).

1807. PALOMETA MIMILLIMA (Ayres).

186H. PORONOTUS TRIACAMHUS (Peck).

The identity of the South Atlantic Coast Rhombus alepulotus with the
West Indian Rhombus paru is very doubtful.

Page 973. The genus Aerotus, Bean, represents a family distinct from
Icosteida;.

Family CXXXVI(a). ACROTID^.

Two additional specimens of Aerotus willoughbyi have lately t-omo to
light — the one from Port Townsend, the other from Monter«iy.
After Aerotus willoughbyi insert:

Family CXXXVI(b). ZAPRORIDyE.

Body robust, moderately compressed, the back not elevated, the belly
not carinate. Body covered with small adherent cycloid scales, which
cover the membranes of all the fins except the distal third, as also the gill
membranes, lower jaw, cheeks, opercles, and nuchal region. No lateral
line; no spinnles. Head short, the nape not elevated, the forehead broad
and abruptly convex in profile; eye moderate, placed high; preoper-
cle, parietal region, and region about eye with very large open mucous
pores. No spines on head ; edges of membrane bones of head covered with
thick scaly skin. Mouth moderate, terminal, oblique, its cleft mainly an-
terior; upper Jaw protractile, but not movable; maxillary rather narrow,
simple; lower. jaw very heavy, its thick lip projecting beyond upper Jaw.
Teeth alike in both Jaws, rather strong, blunt, even, close sot; forming a
uniform cutting edge; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue, the tongue
very thick. Lower ]>haryngeal8 narrow, with bluntish teeth, those on the
edge larger; upper pharyngeals rather large, with small, blunt, velvety
teeth ; no distinc^t tooth-like processes in the oesophagus ; pseudobranchiai
present; gill rakers very slender and flexible, rather short; gills 4, a
large slit behind the fourth; gill membranes separate, free from the isth-
mus; opercle adnate to sluuilder girdle above its angle; coracoids not
largely developed. Pectoral iiu long, rounded, attached a little nearer

!■; i: 'I 1

■\r

I fi

2850 Bulletm ^7, United States National Museum.

ventral than dorsal outline; ventralH wholly wanting. Dorsal An begin-
ning above gill opening, composed entirely of simple inarticulate rays or
spineH, these moderately flexible, attached to the membrane to their tips,
and all except the first and last of about equal length. Caudal pednnole
short and stout, not contracted, the large caudal subtruncate or rounded
at tip, and without procurrent rays ; vent nearly median. Anal much
shorter than dorsal, somewhat higher, and composed of soft rays, subequal
in length. Skeleton rather limp and flexible, but much less so than in
Icostem.

445(a). ZAPRORA, Jordan.

Zaprora, Jordan, Proc. Gal. Ac. Soi. 1890, 202 (aUentu).

Characters of the genus included above.

This genus bears some resemblance to Iciohthys, but differs in the stout
caudal peduncle, absence of ventrals and lateral line, and in the form and
structure of the head. Among the genera known to us it seems to come
nearest to Icichthys, and it might be placed among the Icosteidw were it
not for the presence of pharyngeal teeth. (Cd, an intensive particle;
icpdopa, prow.)

lS72(a). ZAPROBi 8ILENU8, Jordan.

Head ^ in length to base of caudal; depth 4^. D. LVI; A, 27; P. 20
to 22; C. 22; scales about 200-85. Greatest thickness of body about ^ its
depth ; length of caudal peduncle 1^ in its least depth, which is IV^ in
head. Eye 5jt in head; snout b\; interorbital space 3; maxillary 2$, end-
ing under front of pupil; mandible 2^, its depth 4|^; teeth about \^ on
each side; lips, snout, and bones about eye naked; rest of head covered
with small scales. Lower jaw with a thick lip, ^lightly fringed on its
edge, and with a mesial frenum; the rounded tip entering the profile
when the month is closed. Three large pores on each ramus of mandible;
behind these 3 others in a line on horizontal limb of preopercle ; 3 on verti-
cal limb ; 2 close together in front of eye ; 1 near the nostrils, so similar to
them that there seem to be 3 nasal openings; 7 on suborbitals; 4 in 2
rows behind eye ; t above eye, and before upper edge of preopercle ; a
horizontal row of 5 along temporal region, the last and largest of all in
opercular flap above gill opening; 1 v*" vertex; 1 between vertex and eye,
and 2 on each side of nape. Gill rakers 8-f 20, the longest i eye. No
trace of lateral line. Scales small, resembling those of a salmon, cover-
ing the membranes of all the fins on the basal two-thirds. Pectoral as
long as head, its base 2^ in head; longest dorsal spine 1^; caudal l/^;
longest anal ray If. Color in spirits uniform dusky, without markings on
the body, the belly pale, and the side of the head irregularly blotched
with lemon yellow, apparently bright in life, and brightest abont the
pores of the head. Coast of liritish Columbia; only the type, 29 inches
long, known. {dstXivo^, udrnnken demigod, covered with sliuie, in allusion
to the open mucous pores.)

Zaprora silenus, Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 203, pi. 20, Nanaimo, Vancouver
Island. (Type in Provincial MiiHeum at Victoria. Coll. H T. Staintou.)

■I

m i

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2851

Page 982. Prof. Harrison Garmnn records ElasBoma zonatum from War-
camaw River, Whitesvillu, North Carolina, and Little I'edeo River, 8outh
Carolina. Vertebrm 29; scales 34 to 36; D. IV, !); A. Ill, rt.

Page 1019. Under kk read : "gill niumbranes narrowly or broadly con-
nected."

Page 1047. Before Ulocentrn iuHert:

1480(a). <;0TT00A8TER i'HKNKTI, Evermann & Kenilnll.

Head 4; depth 6; eye 4 in head; snout 4; maxillary 3^; interorbital
width 5i. D. XI-12; A. II, 8; scales 7-56-6. Body rather stout, heavy
forwani, compressed behind; head heavy; mouth moderate, slightly
oblique, lower jaw included, maxillary rt^aching front of pupil; preniaxil-
laries protractile. Cheeks, opercles, breast, and nape entirely naked;
scales of body large and strongly ctenoid; lateral line complete, straight;
median line of belly naked anteriorly, with ordinary scales posteriorly.
Fins large; dorsals separated by a space equal to .} diameter of eye;
origin of spinous dorsal a little nearer origin of soft dorsal than tip of
snout, its base about equal to length of head ; longest dorsal spine 2^ in
head, the ontline of the tin gently and regularly round<«d ; soft dorsal
liigher than spinous portion, the second to tenth rays about c<iual in
length, scarcely 2 in head, the first, eleventh, and twelfth rays but slightly
shorter than the others; anal moderate, its origin under base of third
dorsal ray, the spines slender, the second a little longer than the first,
whose length is 3| in head; longest anal rays about 2\ in he<ad; caudal
lunate, the lobes more produced and pointed than usual among darters;
pectorals long and pointed, the middle rays longest, about 1,'^ in head,
reaching tips of ventrals; ventrals well separat«Hl, not nearly re.iching
vent, the longest rays 1^ in head. Color in alcoh(»l, back dark brownish,
covered with irregular spots and blotches of darker; side with about 8 or
9 large dark spots lying on the lateral line; belly pale; top of head dark ;
snout black; lower jaw and throat dark; a broad black line downward
from eye to throat; cheek and opercles rusty; spinous dorsal crossed by
a median dark line; ventrals blue black; other fins pale, but dusted with
rusty specks. An examination of the 14 cotypes shows some variation in
the species. In 2 examples there is a well-developed frennm, rendering
the premaxillaries nonprotractilo, and in a third specimen the frenuni is
partially developed; in some individuals the origin of the spinous dorsal
is exactly midway between the tip of snout and origin of soft dorsal.
The females and immature males are less highly colored than the adult
male described above. Length IJ to 2^ inches. This species is most
closely related to CoiiogasUr shumardi, from which it may be readily dis-
tinguished by the shorter snout, the naked cheeks and opercles, the
smaller soft dorsal, the smaller anal, and the different coloration. Fifteen
examples of this interesting darter were <»btained .luly 18, 1894, by
Messrs. Evermann &. Bean in the Racket River near Norfolk, St. Law-
rence County, New York. It did not seem to be very common, as only 15
examples resulted from numerous hauls of the collecting seine. (Named
for Mr, A. Nelson Cheney, State iish-culturist of New York, in recognition

'■('

P ■:

1 1/

I'" ' '

i/

I •

J.

Is

r

2852 Bulletin ^7, United States National Mtiseum.

of his valnablo contribntionB to onr knowlodge of tbe food and game
(ishes of that State.)

Ootlogaster eheneyi, Evekmann &. Kbndall, bull. IT. 8. FiMi Coinin. 1807 (Feb. 9, 1898), 120,
pi. 8, tig. 8, Racket River near Norrolk, New York. {Ty\Hs, No. 48781. ColL Ever
iiiatiii &. Tioan.)

Page 1049. After lllocentra gilberti add :

148S(a). UliOCENTRA MGADIAi, Jordan & Everinann, now RpecieH.

HeadSil; depth 4J; eye S^n bond; snontS}; interorbitiil 5. 1). XlI-12;
A. II, 7; Hcales 7-48-6. liody rather heavy, Bouiewhat fusiform; bead
lar^re ; snout blunt, decurved, profile rising abruptly to interorbital, thence
nearly horizontal to origin of dorsal, from which it descends gently in a
straight line to caiidal peduncle ; opercular spine small but sharp ; month
low, horizontal, rather large, the maxillary reaching vertical at front of
orbit; premaxillaries protractile; brancbiostegal membranes not con-
nected, free from tbe isthmus; ventral fiuH close together, the sjiace sepa-
rating their bases about A diameter of orbit; fins all moderate; distance
from tip of snout to origin of spinous dorsal 3 in body; spinous and soft
dorsals close together, the space separating them about 2 in orbit; longest
soft dorsal rays 1]( in head, about e(|uuling those of anal; the two anal
spin«^s of about equal length, the first the stouter; pectorals long, longer
than head, their tips passing those of ventrals but not reaching vent;
ventrals short, 1,^ in head; caudal slightly lunate when expanded.
Scales rather large, strongly ctenoid ; cheeks and breast naked; opercle
scaled above, naked below; nape scaled; lateral line complete, straight;
ventral lino of body covered with ordinary adherent scales. Color in alco-
hol, yellowish or olivaceous above and on sides, the back with 6 dark
saddh^-like blotches, the first just anterior lo origin of spinous dorsal,
the second under the il^'tl. and sixth spines, the third under the last two
spines, tbe fourth under the sixth and seventh soft rays, the tifthjust pos-
terior to the last dorsal ray, and the sixth, which is quite small, upon the
caudal peduncle at the base of the caudal tin ; sides blotched with dark, (>
to 8 larger dark blotches along side just below lateral line, sometimes
more or less continuous with the dark dorsal blotches; a dark blotch at
base of middle caudal rays; belly pale; top of head dark; a dark spot at
lower posterior 5t:gle of eye and a smaller one back of it on upper edge of
operde; a dark (.»rnd downward from eye; opercle dark; upper lip dark,
interrupted by a light line at the symphysis; spinous dorsal pale, with
a broad dark band through its lower third; soft dorsal crossed by 3 or
4 irregular lines of dark specks ; caudal with about 4 broad dark cross
bars; other fins pale. Length 2 inches. This species somewhat resem-
bles U. gilhcrti, but differs from it in the larger head, stouter body, larger
scales, naked cheeks, larger mouth, and in other rebpects. Known only
from Indian Creek, basin of Powell Kiver, east Tennessee, where 3 exam-
l)le8 were collected October 17, 1893. (Named for Mrs. Meadie Hawkins
Evermann.)

Ulocentra meadice, Jordan &. Evermann, new speciod, Indian Creek, Cumberland Gap,
Tennessee. (Typo, No. 48903. Coll. Dr. R. R. Gurley.)

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 28.5?:.

Page lOSl. To the synonymy of Vlowntra simotera uM :

Ktheottoma duryi, Hbnshai.l, .lunrii. Ciii'ti Su«-. Nat. IliHt., April, 1881), .TJ, small tribu-
tary ot Tennessee River at Whiteside, Tennessee. (Type in Mum. Ciii'ti Bo«t. Nut.
ilist. Coll. ClmrleB Dury.)

Page 1089. To the Hynonyiuy of Kthvontoma cnruleum ntld:

KtheoHtoma formota, Hknhuai.i,, Joiirii. (Mii'ti Sim'. Nnt. IliHt., April, 1889,112, small tribu.
tary of Tennessee River at Whiteside, Tennessee. (Typi^ in Mu8. Cin'ti Soc. Nat.
Jlist. Coll. Cliurlea Dury.)

Page 1109. Add:

1501(a). Al'Oi)0.> ATRK^AIIItUM, .Ionian .V McGregor.

Houd 2i; depth 3. D. VI-1, 9; A. II, 8; svaloH hirjjely ctruoid; ey«
3^ ill head; second dorKiil spine stontest, about 2 in head; gill rakors
17, moderate. Body similar in shape to ^-1. retroaellua. Jaws reaching to
posterior border of <iye, ![; in head. Sectoral reaching to opposite front
of aual, I'i in bead. Color rosy, darkened with dusky points; more or less
olivaceons above; head and throat verging on orange; Hrst dorsal black;
second dorsal rosy; caudal dusky, more or less Hushed with rosy, other
fins paler; no black spot on head cr on base of caudal, there being no deti-
uite markings anywhere except the dusky red of the tail. \V«tst coast of
Mexico. Numerous specimens collected at San Henedioto, Hocorro, and
Clarion islands. Usual length 3 to 4 inches, (atc^r, black; caut/a, tail.)

Apoijon atrieauduM, Jokuan & Mc'Qkeuou, Kept. TT. S. Fish Coium. 18U8, Socorro, Clarion
and San Benedicto islands. (Coll. K. C. Mc(jiregor.)

Page 1125. Centropomm affmia can not be se[)arated from C.enHiftrua.
Page 1148. To the synonymy of lipinephcltm add :
Phrynotitan, Uill., Stand. Nat. Hist., iii, 2.55, 188.'i {Jiatrachus gigaa).

Page 1150. In the key under dil, read : Lower jaw strongly jtrojeoting.
Page 1156. Add:

15ol(a). KPINEPIIELUS NIIMIOBLKIS, Qilburt & Starka.

Head 2i in body; depth 2.^. D. XI, 14; A. Ill, 9; scales 16-116-40;
eye .5 in head ; maxillary 2 ; third dorsal spine 2if ; middle dorsal rays 2j!t ;
highest anal rays 2; third anal spine 3^^„ ; pectoral 1;! ; ventrals 1$; caudal
1|. Form rather robust, moderately compressed ; dorsal outline uniformly
curved from tip of snout to caudal peduncle; mouth large, the maxillary
reaching to below posterior orbital rim; lower jaw strongly projecting;
teeth conical and sharp, in 1 or 2 bands at sides of jaws, 3 or 4 in front;
upper jaw with a rather strong canine on each side of front; snout
longer than eye ; nostrils close together, the posterior one the larger, a
little in front of the vertical from front of eye, the anterior in a short,
wide tube with a flap behind; vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle
meeting at right angles, its edge with blunt serra;, those at angle enlarged;
opercle with 3 flat spines before the flap ; gill rakers moderate, nearly
i eye, 8-|-16 in number. Top of h) ad, orbitals, maxillary, and mandi-
ble, naked; Hue scales on checks v,nd opercles; scales on body ctenoid;

I

;'il : :i

! i''!'

-I

i

1;

!;,(

\';.>

fr r"

"h<

i;^r

^■■i

1) ^

I

.•i;J .

I . {:

i

A

II

-' "I

i ■ ii

2854 Jordan and Evcnnanti. — Fishes of North America.

fins without scales. Dorsnl beginning a little in front of tho vertical
from pectoral base, the third Hpinu a little the highest, but tho ones b«;himl
it not much shortened ; soft dorsal higher than 8])inou8, its outline rounded ;
pectoral rounded behind, reaching to below the base of eighth dor»siil
spine; third anal spino the longest, not nearly so long as the soft rays,
the aniil tin similar in shape to the soft dorsal; ventrals reaching ])asi
vent, scarcely to front of anal, their ends rounded, us are i.ll the iiuH;
candul broadly rounded. Color in spirits brownish red, sides with clear
cut, distinct, white spots about as large as pupil, about 6 at base of dorsal.
6 or 7 along lateral line, following its arch, a horizontal series of 4 extend-
ing biiek from opercular dap, about 3 from base of pectoral foilowin;;
curve of ventral outline, 2 at base of anal, 1 behind lower edge of caudal
peduncle and 1 above anus ; a well-marked streak above maxillary follow
ing its outline; lips colored like rest of head; dorsal dusky, with va<;ui'
white spots; ventrals and anal nearly black, with a reddish tinge; ana'
with a narrow white border below; pectoral and caudal uniform yellow-
ish. Magdalena Hay, Lower Californi.'i; only the type, 6 inches long
known, {vnjtofii^?, snowed over, from the white sjjots.)

Epinephelus niphobles, GiLBEiiT & Stakks, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 442, Magdelena
Bay, Lower California. (Typo, No. 47532. Coll. AUialrots)

Page 1164. Species 1.558 should probably be culled Alphestcs chloroplenix
(Cuvier &- Valenciennes). The name afer, given to a specimen from
Guinea, may belong to some other species.

Page 1168. Add:

1600(a). DKRMATOIiKPIS ZANCLUK, Kveniiimii &. Keiiilall.

Head 2}; depth 2,-';; eye Kin head; snout 3.1 ; maxillary 3; nuindible 2.
D. XI, 19; A. Ill, 10; scales difficult to count, but about 30-130-35, those
above lateral line counted obli<iuely backward and downward from origin
of dorsal, those below from origin of anal upward and forward to lateral
line. Branchiostegals H; gill rakers 8 -(- 12, short and stout, the longest 1 f
in orbit. Body stout, compressed, oblong-elliptical, the dorsal and ventral
outlines about equally (curved; head moderate, the pr(»lile rising from tip
of snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a regular, gentle
curve t<» caudal peduncle; a depression above nostrils and a slight one on
nape; interorbital very narrow, equal to orbit; mouth moderate, somewhat
oblii[ue; preniaxillaries protractile; maxillary broad at tip, reaching ver
tical at posterior edge of the pupil; supplemental bone well developed;
lower anterior edge of maxillary covered by the broad dermal flap of the
premaxillary ; eye small, high up; nostrils close together and close to eye,
the anterior small and round, the posterior oblong-oval, much larger than
the other. Sunill canliform teeth on each jaw, those in front movable,
scarcely canine-like; similar teeth un vomer and a long, narrow band on
each ])alatine. Preopercle coarsely serrate, the scrra; short and blunt)
more or less obscured by the skin ; operde with a broad dermal border,
somewhat produced at lower angle. Fins all large; origin of d(>r8al
slightly in advance of base of pectoral, its distance from tii> of snout equal

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of A^orth America, 2855

to length of head ; third dorsal spiue longest, its length ahout 2\, in head
or 2\ times length of first ray ; interspinal membranes of the spinous dorsal
deeply incLsed, the anterior portion of each somewhat produced beyond
its spiue; soft dorsal high, the middle rays longest, If in head, the (interior
portion of the iiu gently convex, the posterior slightly concave ; pectoral
short, broad, and rounded, barely reaching origin of anal, the length 1^ in
)iead; ventral pointed, the second and third rays longest, 1^ in pectoral,
the fin somewhat falcate; anal fin strou^ly falcate, the fo 'rth and fifth
rays longest, longer than pectoral, \\ in head, 2^ times length of last anal
ray; second anal spine short, 5^ in head; caudal shallowly lunate, the
lobes 1^ in head. Scales small, smooth, and thin, closely but iiTegnlarly
imbricated; nape, opercles, and cheeks tscaled, snout and lower jaw naked;
bases of all the tins except the ventrals densely scaled; lateral line begin-
ning at upper angle of operde, gently arched above pectoral fin, following
approximately tlie curv<i,ture of the back and on median line of caudal
peduncle. General color of body in life brown, with large, irregular
blotchcH of diriiy white on back and upper part of siiles, these blotches
with tsaall rusty spots ; lower part of sides, belly, and caudal peduncle
vibh irregular whitish spots; belly brassy brown ; snout and nape with
numerous small, round dark spots ; cheek with large blotches of whitish
overlaid with black and brassy spots; lips whitish, with dark spots;
spinous dorsal blotched with white, olivaceous and black; soft dorsal
browU; with numerous white spots and a few black onec, the posterior rays
tipped with white and orange ; anal olivaceous, with irregular white spots,
greenish at edge, tbe produced rays black toward distal ends; pectoral
dark olivaceous, with greenish white splotches, the edge yellowisli ; ven-
tral rays greenish white, the membranes black ; inside of moath white ;
eye brown. Related to D. inermis (Cuvier &- Valencjiennes), but differing
notably from that species in the shorter, stouter gill rakers, the oniarginate
caudal, tbe shorter anal spines, and the strongly falcate anal fin. Length
20 inches. Key West; only tbe type known. {ZdynA-ov, a scythe or
sickle, from the falcate anal fin.)

Dennatohpis zandus, Bvekmann &. Kendall, Bull. U. S. Fish Coniiii. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1808),
129, pi. 8, flg. 9, Key West, Florida. (T.vpo, No. 48843. Coll. Urs. Evonuanii &
Keudall.)

Page 1186. Add:

167«(«). HYCTKK0PKR4;A HOPKIXSI, Jonla 1 & Iliitier.

Head2$; depth 4 j). D. XI, 15; A. Ill, 11; scales about 125; eye ti in
head, 1^ in snout. Hody long, not much compressed; angle of preopercle
sharply serrate ; gill rakers 6 -|- 9, counting rudiments ; nostrils close
together, the posterior larger, witli a horizontal septum across base; pro-
file concave above nostrils; maxillary nearly to posterior margin of eye,
2^ in head; lower jaw projecting; 2 anterior canines of upper jaw very
strong; third and fourth dorsal spines }-",";<^st; posterior portion of anal
truncate; caudal concave. Pectorals 2, ventrals 2i,, and caudal 1^ in
head. Color of alcoholic specimen nearly uniform brownish, side of jaws
paler; soft dorsal, anal, ventrals, and caudal with a narrow pale edging.

I I

w&m

ijuEiimMw^^mW?^^^'-

1/

*

I i

3S^

2856 Bulletin 4.y, United States National Museum,-

these fins otherwise brownish olive, with a subtertninal band of black ;
pectorals pale, darker in middle. Allied to Mi/cteroperca callhira, differ-
ing in having fewer gill rakers, more slender body, smaller scales, and a
less lunate caudal. Jamaica; only 1 s^tecimen, 6 inches long, known.
(Named for Timothy Hopkins.)

Mycteroiierea hopkinsi, Jordan & Kuttbk, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pbila. 1897, 105, Jamaica.
(Type, No. 5073, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. J. S. Roberts.)

Page 1187. Insert :

ld76(a). MYCTEKOPKBCA KOULENOERI, Jordan & Starks.

IIead2f in length; depth 2fi. 1). XI, 14 or 15; A. Ill, 9 or 10; scales
about 90, 20 above and 42 below; snout 3^ in head; maxillary 2|; eye 5^ ;
pectoral IJ; ventral !{■; longest anal ray IJ; caudal IJ; longest dorsal
spine 2^; gill rakers short, about 6-f 17, the longest about i| eye; longest
dorsal ray 2 in head. IJody short and deep, compressed ; head moderate,
compressed, its profile not steep, nearly straight, a depression before eye.
The suprauccipital and temporal crests are high, the supraoccipital crest
extending to the posterior margin of orbit; the temporal crests are paral-
lel to each other, and extending to pupil; interorbitR" space concave.
Upper canines nicderate, the lower (luite small. N<'8':'il' ill, well sep-
arated, the anterior slightly larger. Low«^r jaw very strongly projecting;
maxillary reaching opposite jjosterior edge of pupil. Preopercle slightly
notched, the angle slightly salient, with enlarged teeth. Dorsal not deeply
notched, the fourth sjiiue not much elevated; second dorsal high, not long,
its afigle not rounded; caudal scarcely lunate, the U2>per lobe long, the
lower truncate; anal very high, strongly elevated, its posterior border
incised, the anterior rounded; x)ectoral and ventral moderate. S''iiles
smoothish, not very small. ('ol«)r olive gray, covered everywhere with
obloDg irregular markings of black, between which the ground color
forms rivulations ; gray lines radiating from the ey<^ ; a bhick blotch below
maxillary; jjectoral olive yellow; other iins blackish, clouded with pale;
first dorsal with faint small black spots. Ma/atlan, Mexico. (Named for
(leorge Alliert H«mleiiger, ichthyologist of the British Museum, in rooog-
nition of his epoch marking work on the I'ercoid llshcs.)

Mycteiojicrea hoiilengeri, Joudan & Stakks, Fishes Sinaloa, 445, pi. :i8, 180K, .'; r. *n.
Sinaloa, Mexico. (Type, No. 1021, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Mus. Coll. Ilojikin.s l^iir i.
Sinuloa )

Page 1235. The original type of LohotcH is surinamensis, not erate,

Lohotes crate is a species distinct from L. mtrinameniiin, inhabiting the
coasts of India and China. Lobotcx farkhari and L. inciirrua are probably
identical with L. eraie, an<l all 3 should be erase«l from the synonymy of
L. surinamensiH.

Page 1236. After Lobotcs nurinamensis add:

The //ofto/es of 1 he Pacific coast of Central America is disCinguisiied
from the other known species, L. Kurinamenaig and L. viatc, by tie small

li

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2857

size of the preoperciilar serrations, those at the angle not elongated and
spine-like, even in the young. The following description is furnished by
Dr. Gilbert:

1028(a). LOBOTKK PACf FK^US, Gilbert, now spociea.
(Berkuuate.)

Head 2J in length; depth 2\ to 2,^,7 (to base of caudal rays); depth of
caudal peduncle 2\ in head. D. XII, 15; A. Ill, 11; pectoral 15. Scales
11-46 (+<) on base of caudal)-18; vertobrio 12-f-12; Hr. (5. Body monj
elongated than L. auriHumensis, agreeing in this respect with L. crate,
the depth less than ^ the length. Upper profile deeply concave at occi-
put, thence strongly convex to front of dorsal ; liead shorter and narrower
than in L, surinamenaia, the interorbital width but slightly longer than
snout, Si'-'o to 4 in head (3^ to 3.^ in head in L. aurinamenaia). Eye small,
6 J to 7i iu head, 2 or 2-,'i, in interorbital width. Maiidible strongly pr»»-
truding, but without syniphyseal ituob; maxillary narrow, not concealed
in closed mouth, its tip reaching vertical from middle of pui)il, 2!^ to 2v'r
in head. Upper .jaw with a moderate villiform band of teeth, in front of
which is a single series of conical, (dose-set canines ; lower Jaw with a sin-
gle series, similar to outer series of upper jaw, and behind them a very
narrow band of villiform teeth, which grow slightly larger toward sym-
physis; palate toothless. Posterior margin of preopercle vertical, the
angle protruding but little in the young. In 5 young exampli^s, 7 to 11
inches long, the preopercular teeth are fine, actite, short, and inconspicu-
ous, about as in spetdes of Pomadaaia. They increase but little in size
toward the angle, yrhere they are never spine-like; on lower limb they
are perceptible only in the immediate vicinity of the angle, the remain-
der of the horizontal limb being entire. In the adult the vertical
limb is finely and evenly toothed, the angle and lower limb slightly
roughened or entire; operclo with 2 short spinous points, behind the
lower of which a narrow tongue-shaped procesf- of tl'.e subopercle ex-
tends to near the edge of opercular membrane; humeral process very
weakly toothed, contrasting with the strong serrate condition in L. auri-
namenaia. Gill rakers short, 2i in eye in young, comparatively shorter in
adults, 6 on vertical limb, all but one of whic^h are broad, firmly fixed
tubercles, 14 on horizontal limb, the anterior 2 or 3 tubercular. Spinous
doreal low, with gently rounded oiitliue ; notch between dorsals shallow,
the eleventh spine | the length of the longest, which is contained H to 2^
times in head in the young, 3 times in adults; when declined the spines
are partially received within a scaly grove; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal
with dorsal portions densely scaled and with series of scales running up
on membrane to beyond middle of fin; soft dorsal and anal of equal
height, forming bluntly rounded lobes, the longest rays of which are
about i head in adults, 1^ to 1^ in young; third anal spine about ^ length
of longest ray; pectorals shorter than ventrals, 2 to 2^ in head; ventrals
1^ in head in young, shorter in adults. Scales less strongly ctenoid than
in L, aurinamenaia; tubes of lateral line mostly simple, occasionally witli
1 to 3 branches. Color grayish or brownish, with plumbeous or silvery
reflections. The youngest examples show faintly the dark streaks so con-

3030 102

,.V\

¥1

^

i

i ^ 1

i

!
1

■

r

!>

2858 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

spicnons in yonng of L. surinamensis, vix, a pair running backward from
interorbital space; a pair from upper posterior border of eye convergiiifr
toward front of dorsal, and a broader baud from eye downward and back-
ward across cheek; soft dorsal, anal, aiid caudnl uniform blackish, or tbo
caudal with an ill-detiued lighter edge; pectorals translucent; ventralis
blackish. Abundant at Panama, where it is known as lierrugote.

Lohotes auctorum, Steindaohnek, Iclith. Beitr., iv, 6, 1876; not of GOntheh.

Lobotes mirinamentU, Jordan & Gu.nEBT, Bull. V. S. Fish Coiiini., ii, 1882, 110; GujtERr.

1. c, 112; Jordan. Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. lS6t>, .178; not L. surinamensis of Bloch.
Lobotet pacijietu, Gilbert, FIbIioh of Panama, 1898 MS., Panama. (Typo, No. 5883, L. .S.

Jr. Univ. Mn». Coll. Gilbert.)

Page 1238. After Priacanthus cruentatu8 add the following:
1026(«). PRIACANTHUS CAR0LINU8, Lesson.

This si>ecies is very close to Priacanthun cruentatna, distinguished by the
larger spine on preopercle, which reaches the edgt^s of the opercle and is
2^ in eye; that of P. cruentatua not reaching opercle and measuring 4 in
eye, its edge less rough. Body a little deeper than that of P. cruentatua;
(li^pth of the latter 3 in the length. In P. carolinua the depth is 2^ in the
length; caudal truncate. In color and general appearance the 2 specieH
are similar. The distinctness of this species from P. cruentatua is very
doubtful. Abundant at Clarion Island, where it was taken by Mr. K. C.
McGregor, (carolinua, from Caroline Islands.)

rriaeanthus earolinu$, Lesson, Voyage Goquille, Poiss., 204, 1826, Caroline Islands.
Friaeanthus schlegeli, Hiloendobf, Sitzgber. Ges. Naturf. 1879, 79, Japan.

Page 1262. In the tirst line of the description of Neomwrna riranua read :
Head 2f to 2f ; depth 2^ to 3. D. X, 14; A. Ill, 8 or 9; eye 4| in head ;
scales (7) 8-72-17, 50 pores.
Page 1<264. After Neomania vivanua add :

1689(a). NE0H£NI8 HA8TI\0SI, Bean.

(Bermnda Silk Snapper.)

Head 3; depth 3; least depth of caudal peduncle 9 iu length of type to
caudal base. D. X, 14; A. Ill, 8; V. I, 5; P. 16; Hcalcs 8 or 9-65-17.
Maxillary reaching Hcarcely past front of eye, 3 in head. Vomerine teeth
in an arrow-shaped patch, with a backward extension which is fully ^ m
long as the eye; canines in upper jaw very feeble; 2 or 3 p ^sterior teeth
of mandible are weak canines; 7 rows of scales on cheeks, 9 rows on gill
cover. Least interorbital width equal to eye, which is lis i'^ snout and 1
in head. Gill rakers 1 + 9, the one in the angle conspicuously longest,
about 2 in eye. First dorsal spine 7 iu head; fifth and longect spine about
3 in head ; last dorsal spine equal to eye in length ; longest ray of soft
dorsal equal to maxillary, or 3 iu head; first anal spine 8, the second and
third about 4 iu head, the second slightly longer than third; anal base
nearly 2^ in head; third and longest unal ray about equal to anal base;
pectoral extending to vent; ventral not reaching vent by a space i as long
as the eye. Colors in life, ground color vermilion, the upper parts over-

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2859

laid with coppery brown, lower parts yermilion ; 4 or 5 uarrow golden
stripns btilow lateral line; caudal dark brown with a narrow black mar-
gin; unal dusky, the spines and the membraneH of last 2 rays pale; a
narrow black blotch at peciuiui base; ventral pale, Hoinewhat mingled
with dusky; membranes of spinous and soft dorsa' uniformly dark ; snout
(topper color ; eye lomou yellow; pupil blue black; many scales, especially
(in front of body, with a minute brown dot at base; brownish spots on
scales formiug many oblique streaks above lateral line. Some living
examples show a faint dark lateral blotch mu«sh like that of N. synagris,
and similarly placed. In spirits the body is pink with the upper parts
brownish ; the dusky color remains on the anal and the black blotch at
base of pectoral ; black margin of caudal becoming merged with the gen-
eral dark color of the fin. (Bean.) Most closely related to ^V. vivanua.
Length of type 11^ inches. Bermuda, where numerous specimens were
obt<ained in 1897. (Named for General Russell Hastings of Soncy,
Bermuda.)

NeonMXiiu hastingsi, Rban, Bnll. Ainer. Miih. Nat. Hist., x, Article ui, 45, 1898, Bermuda.

Page 1290. Under (j read : Anal fin short, its rays III, 7 to III, 13.

Page 1413. In first line of descriptiou of Cynoscion phoxocephalus for
"A. Ill, 10" read "A. II, 10."

Page 1416. In last lino of description of Sagenichthya ancylodon for
"companion" read "comparison."
Page 1605. Instead of Ch lorichthya read :

G40. THALASSOMA, Swainsou.

Thnlastoma, SwAiNSON, Nat. Hist. Class. Fishes, 11, 224, 1839 (purpureu*).
JtilU, GCnthkk, Cat., IV, 179, 1862; not of Cuvier & Vaij:ncienne8.

The species of Thalaaaoma (pavo, unimaculaius, hifaaciatus) examined have
\i anal spines, as is the case with the American species referred to Chlo-
nchthys. The first spine, small and hidden in the skin, is easily overlooked.
There is therefore no distinction between Thalaaaoma and Chlorichthya, and
all the American species must be referred to the former genus.

The species will stand as follows :

l\

2014.
2015.
2010.
2017.
2018.
2010.
2020.
20:1.

THALA8S0MA
THALA880MA
THALASSOMA
THALASSOMA
THALASSOMA
THALASSOMA
THALASSOMA
THALASSOMA

LVCASANDM (Gill).
IJOCORKOKNSi:, Gilbert.
MTIDUM (Ciintlier).
NITIDISSIMUM (Ooodu).
STEINDAOHNKRI (Jordan).
BIFASVUTUM (Blocli).
OBAMMATICUM, Gilbert.
YIUENS, Gilbert.

Page 1670. In Pomacanthua (P. paru, species examined by Mr. E. C.
Starks) and Chatodon the air bladder is wholly contained in the body
cavity, while in Holacanthna and Angelichthya {A. viliaria species examined)
it is posteriorly separated from the body cavity. The 2 latter genera con-

1 ! •

2860 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

stitnte tho subfamily Holacanthinw, distinct alike from Chatodontimv and
I*omacanthin<e.

Page 1717. Ceratacanthns, including Osbvckia, should Mtand as a valid
geniis distinguished from Alutera by the convex or luncoolate caudal.
The species will then stand as follows :

81S6. €EBATAVANTHU8 8i;H<EPFII (Wnlbuum).
Siae. t'KBATACANTHUS PUNCTATUS (Aga-saiz).
8137. CEKATAVANTHU8 NORIPTUH (Osbuck).
2138. ALUTEBA MOXO€EBOS (Osbeck).

Page 1741, line 17, read: Swainson takes "ndvOa" to mean spine, not
"dnayOa," which is the correct word for spine. There is no classical
warrant for Cantherines and Canthigaater, unless derived from ndvOos, tho
as8.

Page 1776. In sixth lino from bottom read "increased" for "self."

Page 1786. Note on Sebaatodes rufus :

This species is ovate in form, like S. oralis, from which it differs in color
and form of mouth and head. Its depth is 2^ in length, not 3|, as stated
(through misprint) by Dr. Eigenmann. A fine specimen before us wus
taken by Dr. Gilbert off San Diego.

Page 1790. The type number of Sebaatodes hopkinai is 2282, not 2286.

Page 1795. The subgenus Zalopyr does not include Sebaatodea atrorubenn
nor S. atrovirena. These 2 species belong in the subgenus lioaicola.

Page 1799. In first line under Sebaatodea crameri for "P. 19^^^" read
"P. 19."

Page 1805. After line 4 add: (intro, within; niger, black.)

Page 1815. Tho type of Sebaatodea sacentrua came from Albatroaa Sta-
tion 2946, not 2996.

Page 1829. After line 2 insert Subgenus Sebaatoaomua.

Page 1831. Specimens of Sebaxtodea taezanowakii were obtained in 18!>6
by the Albatroaa at the Kuril Islands, and this species should therefore ^o
in the regular text.

Page 1832. After line 15 insert Subgenus Sebaatomua.

Page 1833. Before Sebaatodea matatibarw (Uilgendorf) insert Sub-
genus Zalopyr.

Page 1833. In fifth line from bottom insert Subgenus Pteropodiia after
" nebuloaua,"

Page 1836. In key at bottom of page, to a add : mouth plumbeoiiH
within. To aa add: mouth black within.

Page 1837, line 2, for "Cardonniera" read " Cardonniera." For
"Scorfanudi Funal" read "Scorfana di Funal."

Page 1840. Above "o. Breast scaly," insert Parascorptena {iiapd,
near; to Seorpwna). Before 2236. Scorpcena agaaaizii, Goode & Bean, insert
Subgenus Paraacorpaina, Blocker.

Page 1850. In last line of synonymy of Scorpwna myatea for 1501 read
1601.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2861

Page 1854. After Scorpama inermia add :

2847<». 8C0Br£NA NEMATOPHTHALMUS (Giinther).

Head 3 in total length ; depth 3^ ; bye 4 in head ; snout rather less than 4.
I). XII, 10; A. Ill, 5; scales 40 or 41. Dorsal outline much arched at
greatest depth of body. Eye placed high, entering upper outline of head,
[ntermaxillaries styliform, armed, like the dontariea, with a rather narrow
band of villiform teeth; band of vomerine teeth angularly bent, produced
forward at the angle; maxillaries styliform at superior extremity, moder-
iitely dilated at the lower. Head scaled to posterior angle of orbit above
and to the preorbital and angle of mouth laterally. Spines on head very
prominent and acute in the youug, more obtuse in older examples ; 2 tur-
1>inal spines; on each side of the occiput a series of 5 spines between orbit
and nape; 2 between eye and scapula; preorbital armed with 2 strong,
recurved spines at the inferior margin; 3 spines on interorbital ridge;
preopercular margin rounded, with 4 spines, the uppermost .and strongest
opposite end of interorbital ridge; opercle with 2 flat spines; a pair of
Hpines at throat. The only skiniiy appendage is a long, slender, tapering
filament above posterior angle of orbit. Origin of dorsal immediately
behind vertical from suprascapula, its distance from jc(;iput equaling
length of first spine, which is about i length of second; third and fourth
Hpines longest, 2^ in head; the following spines gradually decreasing to
the eleventh, which equals the first; twelfth spine much longer, appar-
ently belonging to the soft portion, which is supported by it; margin of
soft portion rounded, very little higher than the spinous, posteriorly fixed
to the back of the tail by a membrane; caudal subtruncated ; origin of
anal somewhat behind that of soft dorsal, its second spine strong, rather
longer than the third doi'sal, and with a longitudinal groove; pectoral
reaching anal; ventral reaching vent. Scales of moderate si^e, rather
irregularly arranged. Color probably imiform red. Supposed to be from
the West Indies. (Giinther.) Only the type known, (rz/ji/nr, thread.
()0aA/iO5, eye.)

Hebastes nematophthalmus, GOntheb, Cat., iii, 99, 1860, West Indies; the exact locality
nnknown. (Coll. Sir K. Schoinburgk.)

Page 1862. Anoplopoma fimbria is occasionally taken off Santa Catalina
i n deep water. A specimen was seen by us at Redondo Iteach.

Page 1866, line 7 from bottom, read " always," not " usually."

Page 1867. In the key, b should read as follows:

b. Fourth line of poros forking in advance of base of vcntralH, the lower branch running
to base of ventral fin, tlie upper to middle of ventral. octomuammus, 2'J59.

In the footnote for " Keinosuke Otaki " road " Keinoskc Otaki."

Page 1879, line 27, for "jointed" read "joined." Line 37, aftdr
"hypercoracoid" sidd "and hypocoracoid."

Page 1880. In the key read :

VI. Lateral line armed with a serien of bony plates ; preopercttlar antler-like procos.se8
nsually numerous.

■ ;l

vM

' i:!

^:<

m\

WW

BBIfW^i 1 H ■

m ■ f'i-i

II: . ,_jJ

n

■: i

1

i
1

1 :i

'

f

]/

it

m ' I

I i

/■ ' I mil

2862 Btdletin ^7, United States National Mvseum.

Page 1881. The key shonld be modifiod to read :

7. Iiitcrorbitnl Hpaco deeply concave or groove<l. Head with cirri (in lattraliii), uv
withuut (in oijierxdHfi). Artediits, Tl'J.

A better distinction between Aried%u» and Axyriaa is fonnd in the prew-
ence of patches of ctenoid scales on the head in the latter.

Page 1884. In line 19, for Hexagrammidw raakd Zaniol^idina;.

Page 1898. The type number of Icelinua atrabo is 5015, not 5451.

Page 1902. Artcdiua asperulus is better separated irom A. lateralis liy
the coalescence of the bands of scales behind the dorsal and their con-
tinuance upon the caudal peduncle. In the description of the genus
Artediua the bands of scales are said not to meet behind the dorsal. This
applies to A. lateralis only.

Page 1902. To the description of Artediua add : No patches of ctenoid
scales on the head.

Page 1903. To the description of Artediua aaperulua add : Head with-
out cirri.

Page 1906. The type of Artediellua ailanticua is No. 418 L. S. Jr. Univ.
Mus.

Page 1940. In the key, nnder a, add : Preopercnlar spine with 3 hooks
above. Under aa, add : Preopercular spine with 6 or 7 hooks above.

Page 1958. Cottiia aleiitioua extends southward in the Coast Range to
Monterey.

Page 1964. In key under h for "anal" read "axil."

Page 2000. After Porocottua tentaculataa add :

8.37 1(a). POKOCOTTTUS BRADPORDI, Butter, new species.

Head 3 ; depth 3| to 4i ; eye 4. D. IX, 15* or 16 ; A. 11 to 13 ; P. 13 or 14 ;
B. 6. Head broad, somewhat depressed; bones of head cavernous; lower
jaw included, maxillary to below middle or hinder edge of pupil, 2^ in
head; teeth in jaws and in a narrow crescent on vomer; eye equal to
snout ; nasal spines blunt, covered by the skin ; no ocular, opercular, nor
suprascapular spines; preopercular spines 3, upper slender, curved inward,
lower straight, pointing downward, middle 1 short and blunt, a mere
tubercle; a very slight tubercle represents the fourth spine belonging to
the genus; no slit behind last gill; 3 pairs of cirri on top of head, 1 above
eye, multifld, another at occiput, single or bifid, the other between them,
trifid to multitid ; a minute barbel on tip of maxillary ; whole top and sido
of head, lower jaw, and edge of preopercle thickly covered with pores; a
double series of pores, 34 to 36 each, along lateral lino with many acces-
sory pores, these arranged in groups of 1 to 5 between the pairs of the

Fin rays

NunilM>r Hiieciniens .

D.

IX, 15

11

TXMrt
12

IX, 17
1

A" 11 1, 17
1

11
1

12

22

i:t

2

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2803

lateral Hue; nostrila with short tubes; dorsals united at base, the spint^s
with short filaments, middle spines 3 in head, middle rays of soft dorsal
2^ in head; caudal and ventrals Ijf in head, ventrals usually reaching vent
or anal, but sometimes falling short of each ; pectoral 1^ in head, reach-
ing to or beyond anal. Color dusky, below colorless, a piile bar across
occiput (often absent), another between dorsals, 2 across body under soft
dorsal and another behind soft dorsal ; sometimes the pale color predomi-
nates and the dusky portion is left as 4 bars ; sometimes plain dusky with-
out cross bars; spinous dorsal dosky with 3 or 4 colorless spaces on the
web; other fins barred with scries of dusky blotches, ventrals sometimes
colorless ; 5 to 8 oval white spots behind pectoral, sometimes obscure ; males
with inner ray or rays of ventral tuberculato or serrate. This speiies
differs from Porocottua sellaris in the presence of cirri on top of head ; it
has more numerous fin rays and more cirri on head than Porocottus quad-
rifilia. This species is the most common fish in the rock pools at Karluk,
where many specimens were taken. These are in the U. 8. National
Museum, in the collection of the U. S. Fish Commission, and in that of
Leland Stanford Junior University. (Named for Mr. William B. Bradford,
secretary of the Alaska Packers' Association, from whom the collector
received many favors.)

Page 2015. Before Oxycottua insert the following :

M

745(a). SIGMISTES, Rutter, new genus.
Sif/mixtti, Rutter, MS., new goiiiis {cauliai).

This genus differs from Oxycottua, to which it is most closely related, in
the deep compressed body, Htrongly arched lateral line, long dorsal fin,
and large mouth. Body deep and compressed; skin smooth; lateral line
<-omplete, strongly arched anteriorly; gill membranes united, free from
isthmus ; no slit behind last gill ; preopercular spine simple, short, strongly
curved upward, anal papilla large; vent immediately behind ventral fins,
about ^ of distance from gill membrane to anal ; ventral rays 1, 3. {6iyf.ia,
the letter S, from the form of the lateral line.)

8S8S(«). 8I0MISTG8 CAULIA8, Kutter, new species.

Head 3)^; depth 3}. D. IX, 20 (IX, 21 in 1 specimen) ; A. 15 (14 in each
of 2 specimens) ; P. 13. Back elevated, body compressed ; eyes lateral,
4^ in head; snout 3^; cleft of mouth lateral ; maxillary 2 in head, reaching
to below pupil (only a little past front of eye in 1 specimen). Teeth
coarse, cardiform, the inner row of upper jaw enlarged, almost canine-
like; a similar pair in inner series of mandible, near symphysis; a small
patch on vomer, and 1 on front of palatines; preopercular s})ine small,
sharp, appressed, strongly curved upward, the preopercular margin with-
out spines or tubercules below it ; nostrils in short tubes, 1 pair directly
behind nasal spines, 1 pair lateral, directly in front of eyes ; nasal spines
strong, sharp; a pair of tufted cirri above eyes, a pair simple or branched
at occiput, and a pair of simple ones halfway between these ; a filament
on nasal sx^ino, a series of 3 or 4 short ones on margin of preopercle and I

, VF''.) .

■I i :. ^

I ' ■• i

I

>jfi-*isii.L'-T-'.iLj«< V.

/

/;

2804 Bulletin ^7, United States National i\fuseuin.

nt opercular angle; a series of ])oreH around under Bide of jaw and along
edge of ]>reop*M-cle, 2 ooncentrio Heries under eyi^ and across cheek, and
others scattered on head bohind eyes; skin smooth, lateral lino strongly
arclied. Dorsal fins connected at base, third spine longest, 2} in heiul,
margin of iin even from third to sixth spines, origin of spinous dorsal
over upper edge of gill opening; soft dorsal higher, longest rays 2 in head,
base of soft dorsal i| length ; tips of anal rays all free, longest 2\ in hea<l ;
origin of anal under third ray of soft dorsal ; longest pectoral ray a little
longer than head; caudal truncate, \\ in head; ventral about reaching
anal, about same length as anal papilla; tail slender, least depth slightly
less than eye, length from anal Ijl^ in head, its length iVom dorsal about
equal to its depth. Color in life, pale pinkish; spinous dorsal dusky,
nearly black along margin; soft dorsal plain or with dusky cross bars;
anal with about 7 dusky cross bars, extending downward and forward
almost at right angles to the rays; 3 or 4 pale blotche.s surrounded by a
black ring along base of dorsal, 1 between dorsals, 1 at end of soft dor-
sal, and others at base of soft dorsal (some or all sometimes absent) ; a
curved dark line from snout through eye to preopercular spine. Six speci-
mens, 1 each 2, 2^, and 3 inehes long, and 3 \\ inches long. From the
rock pools at Karlnk, on the Island of Kadiak. Coll. Cloudsley liutter.
'I'he type is in Lelaud Stanford Junior University Museum. Cot3'peB are
in the U. S. Fish Commission and U. S. National Museum. (KavXoe,, stem,
from the many dorsal r.ays.)

Page 2015. In third line under OxycoftHs acuticeps instead of "region '"
read "reaching."

Oxycottus is much nearer BlennicoUus than OligoooUiis, and perhaps is
best placed as a subgenus of Jilennicottua. There is no slit behind the last
gill in any of the species. In the subgenus Oxycottus should be placed :

5883. BLENMOOTTUS ACUTICKP8 (Gilbert).

5884. BLRXNIOOTTIJS ENBRYUIN (Jordan & Gilbert).

Page 2042. In line 0 for Phalanyistes substitute lirachyopais.

Page 2051. In first line of footnote, for "Dr. Gilbert", read "SeoHeld
& Scale."

Page 2071. In line 14 of the description of Aturruncna sterletns read
"upward," not "downward."

Page 2108. The synonymy on tliis page and the last synonym on page
2107 all belong with the footnote.
Page 2113. The type number of NeoUparia greeni is 3019, not 3010.
Page '*'128. Before Bathyphaama insert the following:

785(a). CRYSTALLICHTHYS, .Jordan &. Gilb.rt, new genus.

C!r!i»ialliehthy», JORDAN & Gilbert, now ^iiiis (miralnlu).

Closely allied to L'rparis, bnt with nostril single. A single dorsal fin; a
well-doveloped sucking disk ; wide bunds of t«^oth, many of which are
trilobate near tip; an inferior mouth, much overhung by the produce<l

Jordan and E-'^ermann. — Fishes of North America, 2805

conical snout; a single nostril, corrospnnding to the anterior nostril of
other Ijiparids, the posterior opening being -wholly wanting. The typioal
species, G. mirabilia, differs from all known species of lAparis except L.
cycloatigma in its large %i7.e, compressed form, and translucent gelatinous
tuxture. {xpvdrdWoi, crystal; lx^v%j fish.)

.fi-i

846H(a). CBT8TALLI0HTHY8 MIRABILI8, Jordan & Gilbert, now siteoios.

Head 4 in length; depth 2^; snout '1\ in head; eye 3^ in snout; width
of mouth \ length of Iioad ; length of gill slit \ snout, equaling distance
from front of eye to front of nostril tube; P. 33. Head and body com-
pressed, especially along upper profile, which descends in a gentle, nearly
even curve to tip of snout; lower profile less curved, nearly straight and
horizontal on anterior third of body ; snout conical, tapering to a sharp
tip, its lower profile nearly horizontal, protruding beyond the mouth for
a distance (measured axially) equaling f its length ; mandibular symphysis
vertically below nostril tube; upper jaw strongly arched anteriorly, the
mandible much shorter, nearly transverse in position. When the mouth
is closed, there is exposed the entire width of the thick upper lip and the
anterior portion of tlio band of fringes which precedes the premaxillary
teeth. Teeth slender, shorter than in Liparia cyoloatigma, arranged in
about 25 oldique series in the \ of eacli ,iaw; the posterior loager teeth
more or less distinctly 3-lobed in both jaws, the anterior teetli shorter,
simple. A deep cleft on lower side of snout running from its tip to front
of Tiremaxillaries, deepening backward, opening into tito deep groove
above premaxillaries; from base of cleft arises a high free fold, the
sharp edge of which nearly reaches the margins of the cleft ; a series of
3 large pores along each side of this cleft, witli 3 more equally spaced
on each side and parallel with front of mouth ; belonging to tliis M<$ries
but distant from them and mucli sm.aller, is another on middle of cheek
below eye, and 1 halfway between eye and middle of gill slit; a pore
behind eye, and a series of 4 on each side of nape complete the pores
of the head; no pore in the position of the posterior nasal open-
ing; a second series of 6 on each side of mandible and preopercle; no
other pores on head. Nostril single, in a. distinct wide tube, as long
as the diameter of pupil ; distance from eye to angle of mouth 3} in
head; vertical from angle of month, passing through front of orbit.
Gill cleft narrow, reaching base of first pectoral ray, its length 41} in head.
Lateral line rising in an abrupt curve from upper end of gill opening,
decurved again behind pectorals, to re.ich middle of sides, on the posterior
half of which it becomes obsolete ; anteriorly the lateral line is accom-
panied above by a second series of pores which is not c.rved, but runs
straight forward from just above the summit of the curve. Dorsal and
anal fins enveloped anteriorly in thick gelatinous tissue, so that their
points of origin and number of fin rays can not be determined, the fins
high, the longest anal ray etiualing length of snout and eye ; 32 dorsal and
33 anal rays can be distinguished in the posterior transparent portions of
the fins, the total number of rays being greater; last anal ray joining outer
caudal ray at middle of length of the latter; dorsal joined narrowly to

t ;
t *

.1.

■I ' i.-

M

\':

r'V- I

.^1-t

1 ; V"

• S"r i^^T

■

^W^

. '■:■ ■ "■!

yUi

!

i f

t s

lA

i

A:

1

i 1

I I

I

2806 litilletin ^7, United States National Museum.

base of candal at end of basal seventh of outer caudal ray ; longest cauUn]
ray 2^ in head; lower 7 pectoral rays thickened, forming a lobe, the diatiil
third of each ray free from the membrane ; longest pectoral ray \\ in head ;
disk of moderate size, anteriorly placed, its posterior margin under tbo
gill slit, its length ^ that of head. Color trauHlucent, apparently light
grayish or purplish in life, the dorsal region, including dorsal fin, markei!
with many large round spots, probably reddish in life, each spot sin-
rounded with a faint darker ring. A large species, soft and gelatinous in
texture, the color translucent grayish or purplish, marked on back with
many large light circles which were probably reddish in life. Type, a
specimen 330 mm. long, from AXbatro»» Station 3643, off Provostmaya,
Kamchatka, at a depth of 100 fathoms. Bering Sea; 1 specimen from
Kamchatka, a smaller one dredged oft' St. Paul Island, Pribilof grunp.
{mirahMw, wonderful.)

Cryttallichthyt mirabilig, Jordan & Gilbert, Kept. Fur Seal Invest., MS., 1898, Provost-
maya, Kamchatka. (Coll. Albatroat.)

Page 2129. Allurua is preoccupied by Allurus, Forster, 186^, a genus of
Hymenoptera; also by Allurus, Eisen, 1874, a genus of worms. We sub-
stitute for our use of it the name Allinectea,
AUinecte», Jordan & Evbrmann, new subgenus (eeteneg).

Page 2131, line 7, for "Alldurus" read ''Allurus.'' In lines 4 and 7, for
"dA-Ads" read "rtAAoj."

Page 2137. After Careproctus ectenes add:

787(a). PROGNURUS, Jordan & Evormai

w genus.

Prognurus, .Jordan & Everhann, now genus {eypwluruM).

This genus is distinguished from Careproctus by the very elongate cau-
dal which is forked at the tip. {npoyvtf, a swallow or martin; oOpd,
tail.)

2460<a). PROONDRUS CYP8ELURU8, Jordan & Gilbert, new species.

Head 4^ in length ; depth 4v*,t ; cleft of mouth 1| in head, | distance from
symphysis of lower jaw to angle of mouth; total interorbital width 2ji in
head; eye large, equaling length of snout, 3| in head; gill opening
entirely above biise of pectoral, not reaching base of upper ray, its length
3 in head; opercular lobe broadly rounded. Snout blunt, broadly
rounded, the mouth horizontal along its lower margin, scarcely overlap-
ped by it; upper lip wide. Teeth acute, without cusps, in about 27
oblique rows in 1 side of each jaw; maxillary reaching the vertical
from posterior edge of the pupil ; nostril opening in a wide, low tube.
Front margin of ventral disk very slightly behind angle of month, its
diameter ^ that of eye, about | length of head. Pectorals broadly
rounded, regularly shortened below, not deeply notched, the lower 7 rays
thickened and exserted; the longest free ray about i length of head;
upper portion of fin with 26 rays, the tips only protruding, the longest
equaling length of head; dorsal beginning shortly behind vertical from
gill slit, its distance from tip of snout 3| in length; dorsal with about 58
rays; caudal very long and narrow, only its basal third connate with last

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2807

rays of dorsal and anal. Unlike all othor LiparidH, the caudal is forked
at tip, tbe terminal notch involving about \ of <in. TranHlucent dusky,
darker around snout, gill openings, and on the flna, tho vortical fins
largely jet-black ; month and gill cavity dusky, not black. This species
is most nearly related to Careproctua melaHurua, from which it differs in
darker coloration and shorter gill slit. From all known species of
Careproctua it diilera in the very elongate caudal Hn wliich is forked at
the tip. Bering Sea and North Paciflo. The type, a single spocinten,
21 cm. long, dredged at Albatroan Station 36-14, off Ikigoslof Island, at a
depth of 604 fathoms. A second specimen was obtained by the Albatroan
in 1H89, at Station :W74, off the coast of Washington, in 877 fathoms, but
it was too seriously mutilated to admit of description. (wf^fAd;, a
swift; ovpd, tail.)

Page 2175. The genus Chelidonichthyn should be compared with Trit/la
rather than with Prionotua.

Chelidonichthffa pictipivnia is probably not American, and should bo
omitted or, at most, admitted only in a footnote.

The genus Chelidonichihya differs from Tri^jla in the absence of lateral
plates.

Page 2183. To the synonymy of Cephalaoanthua add:
Oephalaeandia, Rafinksc^ue, Anal, do la Nature 181&, 85; substitnte for Cej)halaeanthni.

Page 2196, lino 5, for "Paneca" read "Puneca."

Page 2207. Sicya beiuj' preoccupied in Lepidopfera wo substitute for
our use of it the name Sici/DHua.
Sicyoaut, Jordan & Evkrmann, new sub|;onn8 (ifymnogatter).

Page 2207. Add the following species :

8631(11). SICYniUM PUNCTATUM, roriigia.

D. VI-1, 11; A. 1, 10; scales 56. Head 5^ in total length without caudal,
its width equaling its height or f that of body under iirst dorsal. Scales of
body larger than those of head or nape ; maxillary reaching posterior bor-
der of eye. Eye 4 in head, or li in interorbital space. Snout 4 ; pectoral
e<iualing head in length ; spines of first dorsal somewhat elongated, the
longest (third) twice height of body ; second dorsal as high as body and
like the anal. Teeth of upper jaw fine, very slender, and ending behind
in an obtuse angle; lower jaw with cocic robust teeth and minute hori-
zontal ones. Color grayish, the ventral gall color (giallo^nulo) ; under
part of head with numerous small black spots ^ scales strongly ciliated
and each with a brown spot in the center ; dorsals brown ; anal trans|)arent,
with a narrow black line; ventral disk yellowish. Length 8 cm. This
species is not S. plamieri of Cuvier & Valenciennes, nor is it »S'. antillarum,
Ogilvie'Grant, because of the difference in the number of scales, tbe dif-
ferent proportions and a different coloration. The type was collected by
Captain Guiseppe Capurro at St. Pierre, Martinique. (Perugia.)

Sieydium punetatum, Peruoia, Annali del Muaeo Civico di Storia Natiirali di Geiiova,
ser. 2, vol. xvi, 1896, 18, Martinique. (Coll. Capt. Giiiseppi; Capurro.)
Page 2226. dohiua sehra has 26 scales. Many fine specimens of this
species, 3 to 4 inches long, from Clarion Island, are in the museum of
Stanford University.

'fi

(' .

.•I

I

5?'

' I.

! :. It.

i 1 s;

'»t'

} 1 '»■

t !||

It

T

■ f

1

i

Sr.j.:s:-;./->tis:;,'

^^■■- ■

.:!:,■

fV"':

2868 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

Page 2227. The typo locality of Goibius toaei is Martinique.
Page 2230, second line, read "fiM^RAUDK" for "Emkrande."
Page 2241. Insert the following synonymy after No. 2572 :
QobiuM lucretice, EIOENKA.4N Sc Eigknmann, Froc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. I, Jan. 2r>,
1888, 57, Pearl Island, Gulf of Panama.

Page 2263. To the synonymy of Gobioides add:
Pleeopodtu, Bafinesqub, AniU. de la Nature 1815, 87 ; snbstituto for Oobioidet.

Page 2269. Omit the last reference but one.
Page 2314. To the synonymy of Batrachoidea add :
liatnctitu, Kafir esqok, Aual. do la Naturn 1815, 82 j substituto for Hatrachoides.
Page 2350. After Enneanectea carminalia insert :

K

868(a). DIALOMMUS, Gilbert.

Dialomtnus, Gilbert, Proc. tT. S. Kat. Muh. 1890, 452 (fuacus).

Teeth conic, sirong, in a narrow band in the front of both jaws, tliii
narrowing to a single series laterally ; onter teeth enlarged in both jaws.
Teeth on vomer in a single series ; palatines smooth. A single slender ten-
tacle above orbits, and 1 on each side of uapo. Body with moderate
cycloid scales ; lateral line high in front, declining behind pectoral fins,
not strongly developed, evident on a few scales near head, the remainder
of its course traceable by occasional portis on bases of scales or by their
notched margins. Dorsiil beginning on the nape, its anterior ^ composed
of slender flexible spines, the remainder of soft rays, unbranched; anal
without spines; caudal distinct, rounded; ventrals well developed, I, 3.
Eyes as in Anabhpa, the cumea divided by an oblique pigmente>''. baud
into an anterior lower and a posterior upper half. One species known.
(Std yvoo, to loose one Irom another, to part asunder; o/u/ita, eye.)

2687(a). DIALOMMUS FU8CU8, Gilbert.

Head 5 in length ; depth 6 to 7. D. XXV, 13 or 14 ; A. 1, 28 ; lateral line,
52. Elongate, slender, scarcely tapering. Head short, transversely evenly
rounded, with very short, blunt, decurved snoat; width of head greater
than its depth, and more jhan f its length. Mouth horizontal at lower
outline of snout, the maxillary nearly reaching vertical from posterior
margin of orbit, 2| in head. Toeth strong, conical, the outer series en-
larged in both jaws, a narrow band of villiform teeth behind the outer
series ; vomer with a single series ; palatines toothless. Eyes large,
round, closely approximated, their diameter greater than length of snout,
twice the width of interorbital space, 3jt in head. Gill membranes very
widely joined, free from isthnms. No hook on inner edge of shoulder
girdle. Dorsal iin beginning on the nape, over front of operc^le, its siiincH
slender and ilexiblo, miieh lower than soft rays; height of anterior and
middle spines about etjual, ^ length of head ; the posterior spines short-
ened, about i that length; height of soft rays i head; Arst anal ray short
and spinous, the succeeding rays artieulatod, but not branched (like those
of dorsal), luterradial membranes of smal Iin very deeply incised; caudal

I

^Mp!

Jordan and Evcrntann. — Fishes of North America. 2869

fin wholly ft-ee, rounded, its lougth nearly equaling that of head; pec-
torals slightly shorter than head, posteriorly pointed, the longest rays
below the middle of fin; ventrals comparatively broad, inserted but little
in front of pectorals, their bases separated by a space equal to \ diameter
of orbit. Color in spirits, brownish above and on sides, becoming blackish
on head ; under side of head, belly, and a line along each side of anal fin
light; back with traces of about 10 black cross bars, which invade baso of
dorsal fin and extend onto middle of sides; in 1 specimen the scales of
the interspaces arc marked each with a light spot (probably blue in life);
fins all dusky, the caudal variegated with lighter in fine pattt^n ; ventrals
light at base. Two specimens from the Galapagos Islands — 1 from Duncan
Island, 72 nun. long, the other from Albemarle Island, 75 lum. long.

DtalummtM fuaciu, Uilueut, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Muh. 18<JU, 452, Galapagos Islands. ((Joll.
Albatrosf )

Page 2352. Gihbonaia ecides intergrades with Gibbontiia degans and
must apparently be regarded as a subspecies of the latter.

Page 2356. Under Malacoctemis ocdlaim for "A. II, 8" read "A. II, 18."

Page 2413. Genus 904 should read Uluicola, Gilbert, not "Gilbert &
Starks."

Page 2421. Anoplarchua alectrolophua is the type of a now genus :

go8(a). ALECTRIAS, Jordan & Evermann.

Aleetriat, HonvAJi &. Evkumann, new genua (aleetrolophut).

This genus is distinguished from Anoplarchua by hiiving the gill mem-
branes free from the isthmus, as in Cebedichthya. (dXeKvoop, .. cock ; from
the crest.)

Page 2422, under Anoplarchua alectrolophus: The 2 specimens obtained
in Monterey Bay by Arthur W. Greeley were erroneously referred to this
species. They are the young of Cebedich thya.

Page 2470. To synonymy of Lycenchelya add :

LyeodophiK, Vaillant, Exp. Sci. Trav. et Talisman, 311, 1888 (albus).

Page 2472. Furcella is pn^occupied by Furcella, Lamarck, 1801, a genus
of Mollusca. We substitute for our use of it the name Furcimanua.

ihirrimanus, Jokdan &. Evbbhamn, now genua (diapterus).

Page 2473. In lines 33, 30, and 37 read « in 282 to 370 fathoms" instead
of the depths given.

Page 2475. In lines 20 and 28, for "coast of Alaska *' read "coast of
California."

Page 2480. The locality for Melanoatigma pammdaa is coast of Cali-
fornia, not Alaska.

Page 2567. In first line of footnote read " fin," not " spine."

Page 2601, line 20, for "Trachyterua" read "Trachyptenta."

Page 494. The largo "Silver Trout" of Lake Tahoe, a specimen of
which is described on page 494, should probably be separated subspeciflc-

^Mi\

>' ...I

•, '.'■ ( ■
!'/ 1

i :■■■!

I- ^ ;:
! ;. '■

i

( ...I ■

,.Ji i

■Hi

ll

IV

mi

11':)

tlv

2870 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

ally from its parent form, Salmo clarMi henshawi. It may bo described as
follows :

780(d). SALMO CLABKII TAII0ENSI8, Jordan &, Everinanu, new subspecies.
(Silver Trout op Lake Tauoe.)

Head 4^^^; depth Si,; eye 7| in head. D. 9; A. 12; Br. 10; scalr^
33-205-40; 140 pores. Pectoral Iji in head; maxillary IJ. Body very
robust, compressed, unusually deep for a trout, the outline elliptical.
Head large, rather more compressed than in typical Salmo clarMi henahani ;
eye small, silvery. Vomerine teeth in 2 long series, those of the 2
series alternating in position; hyoiil teeth distinct, in a rather lonj;
series; gill rakers short, thickish, 5 -{-13. Month large, the maxillary
extending well beyond the eye. Preopercle moderate, its lower posterior
edge not evenly rounded, but with a slightly projecting, rounded lobe and
a slight concavity above and below, this character not strongly marked ;
opercle evenly, but not strongly, rounded. Scales small, reduced abov(3
and below, those in or near lateral line largest. Fins moderate, the anal
rather high, with 1 more ray than usual; caudal slightly lunate, almoHt
truncate when spread open. Color dark green above, belly silvery ; sidos
with a broad coppery shade covering cheeks and opercleg; sides of lower
jaw yellowish; iins olivaceous, a little reddish below; orange dashes
between rami of lower jaw moderately conspicuous; back, from tip of
snout to tail, closely covered with large, unequal black spots; spots on
top of head and nape round ; posteriorly the spots run together, forming
variously shaped markings, usually vertically oblong; these may be
regarded as formed of 3 or 4 spots ]daced in a series, or with 1 or 2 at the
side of the other ; the longest of the oblong markings not qnite as long as
eye ; along side of head and body the spots are very sparse, those on head
round, those behind vertically oblong ; belly profusely covered with small
black spots which are nearly round; still smaller round sjiots numerous
on lower jaw; all the spots on caudal peduncle vertically oblong or
curved; dorsal and caudal densely covered with oblong 8i)ots jmaller
than those on the body; anal with rather numerous round spots; pec-
torals and ventrals with a few small spots, the lirst ray in each case witli a
series of faint small spots; adipose fin spotted. The above description
from a s]>ecimeu 2 feet 4 inches long and weighing 7| pounds. This form
attains a weight of 10 to 30 pounds and spawns only in the depths of
the lake. Salmo olarkii hemhawi reaches a much smaller size, is much
darker in color, and 8))awns in the streams. Thus far known only from
the deep waters of Lake Tahoe. {tahoensis, from Lake Tahoe.)

Salmo elarkii tahoentia, Jokdaj« & Evebmann, new subspecies, Lake Tahoe. (Coll.
A. J. Hayley.)

Page 518. It is wholly uncertain where Valenciennes got the specimen
which he called ThymaUim ontariemis. It is probably the ordinary (Gray-
ling ( Thymallnt thymallna) of Europe, erroneously attributed to Milbert's
New York collection. In any case, its identity with the Mic^higan Gray-
ling is more than doubtful, as the rivers in which the latter occurs were then
unexplored. The American Graylings would therefore stand as follows :

Jordan and Evermanti. — Fishes of North America. 2871

787. TIIYMALLUK SUmiFKIt (KiclumUon).
(Arctic GiiAYMNQ; Toisson Hleit.)

788. THYMALLUS TRICOLOR, Cope.

(MlCHIQAN (iRAYUNQ.)

788(s). THYHALLUS TRICOLOR NONTAMJM (Milner).
(Montana Gravunu.)

To the synonymy of the Montana Grayling add the following wholly
unnecessary synonym:

Thymallus letviti, IIenshall, ForeHtantl Struam, July 23, 1808, 70, headwaters JefTerson
River, Red Rock Lake, Montana ; after notes of Lewis & Clark.

Dr. .1. C Merrill, U. S. A., informs us that this (Jrayling is found also
in Sun River at Fort Shaw, Montana.

Page 852. The species called Holocentrus marianus, Cuviiir & Valen-
cit'nnes, is the type of a distinct genns:

382 (a). FLAMMEO, .lordan At Evormann, new genns.
Flammeo, Jordan & Kvkrmann, new jiciius (marianut).

This genns is distingaished by the very large mouth and jirojecting
chin. The lower jaw is considerably more than ^ the length of the head,
and the (-hin projects beyond the upper jaw. In the species properly
referable to Holocentrus, the lower jaw is slightly included and its length
is less than -| the head. The single known species of this genns is

1238. FLANMEO MARIANUS (Cuvivr & Yalencieunos).

Page 858. In line 13 the interorbital space in Upeneua is said to be
•'concave;" this shouUl, of course, read "convex."

Page 2013. OUgocottus maouloaus, Girard, was evidently based on a
Hp««cimen from the Farallones of the species called by us Oligocottiis borealis,
Jordan &■ .Snyder. The name maciilosua uuist therefore be transferred to
the latter species. The species called by us Oligocottus mavuloaua must
therefore be renamed and may stand as

8»81. 0LI00C0TTU8 8NYi>ERI, (ireeluy, new species.

Oliijoenttvi snyderi, (iREBi.KY, MS. 1898.

Page 212G, lines 13 and 14. The specimens from St. I'aul Island and
I 'etropaulski, referred by us to Liparia cycloatigma, Gilbert, belong to
Cryatallichthya mirabilia, Jordan & Gilbert, described on page 2865.

Page 2626. Before I'aralivhthya aiatuariua, Gilbert & Bcofield, insert:
2091(a). PARALICHTHY8 MAGDALEN J>:, Abbott, new species.

Head 3^; depth 2\. D. 80; A.&l; scales 120. Body oval-elliptical, the
dorsal outline evenly bowed, the greatest dei)*^' in the middle of the body.

)■ ..

(,,,1 ;

.• "4

2872 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

Ventral outline Btraighter anteriorly. Mouth large; mandible some wlui!
projecting, about 1^ in hea<l; maxillary large, extending conaiderably
beyond orbit; snout (measuring from upper orbit) about 4 in head,
length of eye ; intororbital about 9^ in head ; eyu 6 in head. Teeth moder-
ately strong, the anterior ones in the lower jaw somewhat larger than tli(>
others; gill rakers 7 + 17, slender, weakly serrate, the longest a trifle liss
than eye. Scales cycloid, on cheeks, opercles and maxillary ; Kuout, iiitt 1
orbital, and mandible naked; accessory scales present, especially promi-
nent among the small crowded scales in the region below tbe pecttmi I;
arch of lateral line 3^ in straight part; pores about 38 -f- 82. Ventral 3^ in
head; pectoral 2; dorsal beginning above anterior rim of orbit; middl.)
rays of anal and dorsal longest, 2^ in head, equaling width of caud.il
peduncle; caudal double lunate, the middle rays the longest; pectoral of
blind side rounded, 2^ in head. Color dark reddish brown, closely pep-
pered with darker dots; a series of indistinct white spots, 4 or 5 in nii.'.-
ber, following margins of the body, as in P. californicus; traces of darker
mottling along sides of body. Length 17 inches.

This species, represented by a specimen from Magdelena Bay, Lower
California, is closely related to V, californicus, resembling it in . he large
number and close arrangement of the gill rakers, but diftering from it in
having cycloid scales, a greater number of fin rays, Homewhat narrower
interorbital, and greater depth in proportion to the length.

Paraliehthyt magdalence, Abbott MS., new species, Magdalena Bay, Lower California.
(Type, No. 10196, L. S. Jr. Uuiv. Mus. Coll. Charles U. Gillwrt.)

Page 2627. Instead of Paralichthya adaperaua (Steindachner), read :

2004. PAUALlCilTllYK SINALCE, Jordan &. Abbott, new species.

The specimens described in the text (from Mazatlan and La Pa/), under
the name Varalichthya adsperau8y belong to a distinct s}>ecieH, thus far
known only from the west coast of Mexico and Central America and
which may be called Paralichtkys sinaloa, one of the many specimens taken
by the Hopkins Expedition at Ma/atlan and La I'az being taken as type,
and the following as cotypes: Nos. 11726, 11727, 11728, 11729, 11730,
11731, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus., all from Mazatlan. Paralichthya adaperaiis i.s
known only from the coast of Peru, the specimens before us being from
Callao. (Coll. Admiral L. A. Beardslee.)

Paralichthya ainalow is distinguished froui P. adaperaita by its cyclui<l
scales and broader interorbital space. The gill rakers in P. adaperxua are
close-set, rather long and slender, about 1^ to ^ of eye, and with rather
slender spinulos on the inner margin. ' In P. ainalow they are set farther
apart on the limb of the gill arch, are shorter and thicker — about 2 in
,.ye — and have the inner edge armed with coarser teeth. All specimens of
P. ainalow have each 11 or 13 gill rakers on the lower limb of the arcli,
while in 4 examples of /'. adaperaua, from Callao, there are 16 or 17 gill
rakers on the lower limb (19 in 1 specimen), and 7 or 6 above (5 in 1 speci-
men), showing that while there may be variation in the number yet it is
confined within limits which do not intergrade and the average number

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2873

in the 2 species ia quite different. In the single known Hpecimen of P.
woolmani the number of gillrak^Ts given is 5 -f- H. which makes it proba-
ble that the present species is not the same. The more striking (liffercuce
between P. adapcraua and P. ainalow lies in the scales, which in the latter
are cycloid, while in the true P. adsperaua they are strongly toothed as
stated by Steiudachner. The specimens from Callao referred by us in the
text to adsperaua b«>.long to that species, but they are not original types of
adsperauH, belonging to the later collections of Agassiz and Steiudachner.

Paralichthyi Hnaloce, Jordan & Auiiott MS., new species, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
(Type, No. 2930, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Expcd. to Mazatlan.)

Page 686. After Platypwcllus maculatiis add :

r California.

1009(a). PLATVI>(E(;iTiU8 qillTZEOKNSIS, B. A. Jieuu.

Head 3A ; depth 2i; eye 3^^ in head; snout 4; iuterorbital width 23. D.
13; A. 13; scales 30, 10. Hody compressed, back elevated, head small and
depressed, flat on top ; snout short. Mouth small, cleft oblicjue, the lower
Jaw heavy, projecting; teeth conic, those in upper jaw in an irregular
series, those beiow very 8r»all, apparently irregularly arranged and dose-
set. Origin of dorsal fin in advance of that of anal, midway between tip
of upper jaw and end of caudal rays, the first ray of anal being under
sixth dorsal ray. Color in alcohol light brown, with traces of darker on
back; interorbital space and edge of scales dark brown; 3 dark bars on
posterior part of body, the first extending from median line to origin of
anal, the second from median line to end of anal base, the tliird midway
between end of anal and origin of caudal; 2 dark spots on end of caudal
peduncle; fins all pale. Lake Quitzeo, Michoacan, Mexico. Only the
typo known.

Platypcecilug quitzeoensu, ]?. A. Bean, Proc. IT. S. Kat. Mus. 1898, 540, with text figure,
Lake Quitzeo, Michoacan, Mexico. (Typo, No. 48209. Coll. K. \V. Nelson.)
3030 — 103

,<!" 1

9HH

t

X' ^

1

i

*

?!

..,^^

at I'

wS^KKHtf*

■;k:'t*^-\r"i^''

ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF THE TRUE
FISHES OR TELEOSTEI.

The following key is intuuded simply to facilitate the identification of
species of the true fishes. No attempt is made to indicate the natural
characters or relations of the families, and only those species of any group
which are included in the present work are taken into consideration.
Most of the ordinary fishes can be readily placed T)y its means, but it
should not be trusted in the study of ichthyologicral rarities, or of fishes
from the duep i^eas.

I.— VEimtAL FmS PBESENT, ABDOMINAL.

A. Back with an adipose fin behind the single rayed dorsal fin.

B. Adipose fin composed of a single spine with a thin membru.e;

body mailed XXXV, LoKiCAKiiDiK, 1.5.').

BB. Adipose fin without spine.

C. Head with 4 to 8 long barbels about the mouth and nostrils ;

body scaleless; a single spine iu each ])ectoral and in

dorsalfin XXXIV, Silurid^, 115.

CC. Head without barbels as described above.

D. Sides of body without photophores or luminous glands; no bar-

bel at throat.

E. Body scaleless; teeth very strong, some of them fang-like.

F. Dorsal fin very long and high, occupying nearly whole length of

back LXXXI, AlepisaukiDjE, 593.

FF. Dorsal fin short, median or posterior.

LXXXII, Odontostomatid^;, 597.
EE. Body scaly.

G. PseudobranchiiD present.

H. Dorsal, anal, and ventrals each with a small but distinct spim; ;

scales ctenoid CIV, PEBcorsiu.E, 783.

HH. Dorsal, anal and ventral without distinct spine.
I. Head naked.
.T. Branchiostegals 6 to 20.
K. Dorsal fin long and high, of about 24 rays.

LXV, TlIYMALLID/K, 517.

KK. Dorsal fin moderate, of fewer tbun 20 rays.
L. Stomach with many pyloric ciuca.

LXIV, Sakmoniu 10, 460.
LL. Stomach with few pyloric c.-Bca ; size small.

LXVI, AlUiENTINID^K, 519.
JJ. Branchiostegals 3 or 4 ; mouth very small.

LXVII, MiCROSTOMATIU/K, 527.
II. Head scaly on sides.
M. Maxillary very narrow, rudimentary, or obsolete; hypocoracoids

not divergent LXVIII, S VNonoNTiDyE, 532.

MM. Maxillary well developed, dilated behind; pectorals normal;
hypocoracoids mostly divergent. LXIX,AuiX)PODiDiE, 541.
(iG. Pseudobranchin) absent.
N. Pectorals normally formed, teeth inoisor-like or else rudimentary ;

pseudobranchiu; absent XXXIX, CiiAitAciNiiii^, 331.

2875

it'!i

*;

\ i

1 1

1 !

! !

:

2876 Bulletin /7, United States National Museum.

NN. Pectorals not iioniially formed.
O. Pectorals undivided, Hubhnuieral ; psondobranchi>« absent.

LXX, liKNTHOSAUUID.K, 543.

OO. l*ectoral rays elongate, arranged in two groups.

LXXI, liATHYPTEROiniD,*:, 544.
DD. Sides of body witli pliotophores more or less developed.
I*. Marbel at throat present, very long ; body naked.

LXXVIII, A8TUONKSTHII>yK, 58fi.

PP. liarbels none.
(J. Vertebral spines projecting through skin of back before dorsal
fin ; body short and deep, greatly compressed.

LXXXIV, STKHNOl'TYCIlIDyE, (503.

QQ. Vertebriil spines not oxserted in front of dorsal,
ll. Pseudobrauchiie present.
S. Premaxillaries forming entire margin of upper jaw; body scaly ;

opercles complete.
T. Form elongate, the snout pointed, barracuda-like; photophores

very small LXXXIII, Paralei'IDID.k, 591t.

TT. Form oblong, the snout not much produced ; photophores con-
spicuous LXXV, MYCTOI'IlIDyE, 550.

SS. Premaxillaries not forming the whole margin of upper jaw, the
maxillary entering into it; body naked; opercular appa-
ratus i: coini/lete LXXVI, Mauholocid/K, 57fi,

RR. Pseudobranchi:c absent; mouth large, with canine teeth ; scales
deciduous or wanting.. .LXXVII, Ciiauliodontid.^!:, 578.

AA. Back without adipose fin.

B. Back with a single dorsal fin made up of rays and not preceded

by a series of free spines or followed by finlets.

C. Tail evidently strongly heterocercal.

D. Body naked; snout with aspatulate blade; mouth Avide, without

barbels XXX, Polyodontid^k, 101.

DD. Body with 5 series of body shields; mouth, inferior, toothless,

preceded by 4 barbels XXXI, Acipenserid.'E, 102.

DDD. Body scaly.

E. Scales cycloid; a broad bony guhir plate ; dorsal fin many rayed.

XXXIII, Amiidk, 112.
EE. Scales ganoid ; no gular plate ; dorsal fin short.

XXXII, Lepisosteid^;, 108.

CC Tail rot evidently hetorocercal.

F. Tail i'-pering to a point, without caudal fin; anal fin very long,

of about 200 rays; body scaly.

LXXXA'^I, Halosaurih.*:, 60(5.
FF. Tral not tapering to a point; caudal fin developed.

G. Body naked.

H. Thro.at with a long barbel ; no caudal filament; mouth large.

/. Barbel free at tip LXXIX, Stomiid.k, 587.

//. Barbel connecting throat with symphysis of lower jaw.

LXXX, MalacosteidvK, 592.

HH. Throat without barbel.

./. Candal fin with a long filament; body elongate; mouth very

small CI, FisTULARiiD.*;, 755.

J J. Caudal fin without filament.
K. Pectorals present.
L. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus; opercles complete.

XXXVII, CYi'niNii>.K, 199.
JJ.. Gill membranes free fnmi isthmus; opercles incomplete.

LXXIII, RONDKLKTIID.K, 547.

KK. Pectorals wanting; body snake-like; dorsal long and low.

LXXXV, ImACANTHID^E, 604.
(r(r. Body scaly.

1 I

rt"

- T5- '■ff--'.:,V'

Jordan atid Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2877

m:, 547.
(.E, 604.

M, Head with a large divided luminous plate in place of eyes.

LXXII,lPNOi'iD.i5,546.
MM. Head with eyes concealed beneath the skin ; vent at the throat.

XCIII, Amhlyupsid.e, 702.
MMM. Head with normally developed oyos.

N. Body with a coat of mail ; maxillary with barbels.

XXXV, LOKICARIID-K, 155.

NN. Body with ordinary scales.
0. Anal fin with many BTiiues; mouth toothless, sucker-like.

LXXXVin, LiPOUENYID.K, 619.

00. Anal fin without distinct spines.
P. Pectoral fins inserted high, near axis of body ; lower pharyn-
geals united; lateral line along sides of belly.
Q. Jaws each with long sharp teeth' mixed with smaller ones.

XCIV,EsociD.i:,708.
QQ, Jaws with small equal teeth, conic or tricuspid.
B. Lower jaw more or less produced; teeth tricuspid.

XCV, HEMIRAMPIIIDyK, 718.

Bil. Lower jaw a little produced; teeth conic; pectorals elongate,

forming an organ of flight XCVII, Exoccktidj;, 726.

FP. Pectoral tins inserted below axis of body ; lower pharyngeals
separate.
S. Gill membranes broadly joined to the isthmus; head naked; no

teeth in jiiws.
T. Lower pharyngeal teeth very numerous, in 1 row like the teeth

of a comb. (Suckers.) XXXVI, CAT08T0Mii)yi<:, 161.

TT. Lower pharyngeal teeth few, fewer than 8, in 1 to 3 rows. (Carp ;

Chubs; Minnows.) XXXVII, Cyprinil.k, 199.

SS. Gill membranes free from the isthmus.
IJ. Throat with a long barbel ; sides with phos])h(>rescent spots.

LXXIX, Stomiatid.k, 587.
UIJ. Throat without barbels.
V, Phosphorescent spots present ; teeth unequal.

LXXVII, ClIAULIODONTIDyK, 578.

VV. Phosphorescent spots none.
W. Head scaly, more or less.
A'. Maxillaries connate with promaxillaries ; jaws long.

LXVII, Synodontii),!;, 532.
A'A'. Maxillaries distinct.
Y. Upper jaw not protractile, its lateral margins formed by the

maxillaries; lateral line more or less developed.
Z". Teeth cardiform; jaws depressed, prolonged. XCI, Luciiu.k, 624.-
ZZ. T«ieth villiforni; jaws short; no lateral line.
a. Pectoral very broad, of about 35 rays. . LXXXIX, Dalliid^e, 620.

aa. Pectoral narrow, of about 13 rays XC, I Lmbrid.e, 622.

YY. Upper jaw protractile, its margin formed by preiiiaxillaries

alone; no lateral line XCII, PtECiuiD.E, 630.

WW. Head naked.

a. Anterior vertebrtc coalesced and modified ; no pseudobranchiip ;
jaws with strong canines.. XXXVIII, EuYTHRiNiDyE, 330.
aa. Anterior vertebrse normal, not nioditied.
h. Dorsal tin inserted more or less before anal (rarely slightly
behind it); shore tishes or river fishes, usually si -^ery
in coloration and with skeleton firm; air bladder >ll
developed.

c. Gular plate present, between branches of lower jaw; mouth

large; teeth present, all pointed; axillary scales and

sheaths large LVI, Elopid^, 408.

cc. Gular plate none.

d. Lateral line well developed.

e. Teeth present, no accessory branchial organ.

11

2878 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum.

I \

I :1

I !

/. Mouth small, horizontal; posterior part of tongue and roof of
mouth covered with coarse-paved teeth.

LVII, Albulip^, 410.
ff. Month large, the teeth all pointed, some of them canine, none

paved or molar LVIII, HiouoNXiDyK, 412.

m. Teeth none; an accessory hranchial organ behind gill cavity.

LIX, Chanid.e, 414.
A&. Lateral line wanting; no gular plate.
(J. Mouth small, inferior, toothless, the maxillary simple or nearly

so; stomach gizzard-like LX, Dorosomatid.k, 41;").

gg. Mouth moderate, terminal, the maxillary of about 3 piect-s;

stomach not gizzard-like LXI, Clupkid^, 417.

ggg. Mouth snbinferior, very large, below a tapering, pig-like snout;

maxillary very long LXII, EN( jrauliuid.k, 439.

lib. Dorsal fin posterior, opposite anal; deep-sea fishes, of loose
organization; mostly blackish in color; mouth small,
with small pointed teeth ; air bladd«>r wanting.

LXIII, Alepocephalid.k, 451.
liJi. Dorsal fin single, preceded by free spines.
/«. Hndy scaleless, naked or with bony plates,
t. V^entral fins I, 1, the spine strong; snout moderate.

XCVIII, Ga8tkro8Teid,k, 712.
\\. Ventral fins, I, 5, the spine slender; snout prolonged.

XCIX, AuloriiynciiidyK, 752.

]ih. Body scaly ; snout tubular C, Aulostomid.i:, ''" I .

liBli. Dorsal fin composed of free spines; ventrals with 1 or 2 si>iues

each ; body elongate LXXXVII, Notacanthid^^, 613.

BBBll. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior of spines only, the posterior chiefly of
soft rays.
j. Pectoral fin with 5 to 8 lowermost rays detached and filamen-
tous CIX, PuLYNEMID.i;, 827.

jj. Pectoral fin entire.

k. Snout tubular, bearing the short jaws at the end; body com-
pressed CII, MaCH0KIIAMP1I081I)/K, 75K.

kk. Snout not tubular.
1. Teeth strong, unequal ; lateral line present.

CVIII, Sphyr^:nid/E, 822.
II. Teeth small or v anting; I'lcral line obsolete.

m. Dorsal spines 4, stout: anal spines 3 CVII, Mu(aLii>/K, 808.

mvi. Dorsal spines 4 to 8, slender; anal spine single.

CVI, Atherinid.k, 788.
BBBBB. Dorsal fin soft-rayed, followed by a series of detached finlets.

XC'VI, Scomhresocid.e, 724.

II.— VENIBM. FINS PBESENT, THOBACIC OH bUfiJUOXTIAB, THE NUMBER

OF BAYS DEFINITELY I, 5.

A. Gill openings in front of the pectoral fins.

B. Body more or less scaly or armed with bony plates.

C. Ventral fins completely united; gill membranes joined to the

isthmus; no lateral line CLXXXVIIl, GoiuiD.i;, 2188.

CC. Ventral fins separate.

D. Suborbital with a bony stay, which extends across tlie cheek to

or toward the preoperde; cheeks sometimes entirely
mailed.

E. Pectoral fin with 3 lower rays detached and free ; head bony.

CLXXXIV, Tkiglid^:, 2147.
EE. Pectoral fin with 2 lower rays detached and free ; body mailed.

CLXXXV, Peristsdiid^, 2177.
EEE. Pectoral fin entire.

F. Slit behind fourth gill small or wanting.

t- f

Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America, 2879

G. Dorsal spineH 4 ; lips fringed; eves superior.

CXC'VII, Ukano8copid,*:,2305.
GG. Dorsal Hpinus 8 to 17.

II. Anal spines 3 ; body scaly CLXX VI, Scokim;nid/K, 1758.

HII. Anal spines obsolete; body partly or wholly naked.

C1.XXIX, COTTID.K, 1879.

FF. Slit bobind fourth gill large; body scaled.
I. Nostril single on each side, a small pore above it; dorsal tin

continuous CLXXVIII, Hexaokammid/K, 1863.

II. Nostrils 2 on ea<;h side; dorsal tins 2, separate, except in the

genus Erilepis CLXX VII, ANOi'Lot'OMATiD^K, 1861.

DD. Suborbital stay wanting ; cheeks not mailed.
.1. Spinous dorsal transformed into a sucking disk on top of head,
composed of 8 to 30 transverse ])late8.

CLXXXIX, EcnEXKiniDyK, 2265.

J.T. Spinous dorsal (if present) not transformed into a su(rking disk.

K. Dorsal spines all or nearly all disconnected from each other.

L. Mody elongatts spindle-shaped . . CXX VII, Rack ycentkid.k, 947.

LL. Body oblong or ovate, compressed.

M. Caudal peduncle very slender, the fin widely forked; i)reopercle

entire CXXV, CAi{AN<iiu.i;,895.

MM. Caudal peduncle stoutisb, the tin little forked.

N. Gill membranes free from the isthmus; preopercle serrulate.

CXXXIV, Centroloi'IIIDJ.;, 962.
NN. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus; preopercle entire.

CLXIV, Ei'HlPi'lD.K, 1666.
KK. Dorsal spines (if present) all, or most of them, connected by
membran*-.
O. Pectoral fin with 4 to 9 lowermost rays detached and filiform.

CIX, POLYNEMID.K, 827.

()0. Pectoral fin entire.
P. Dorsal and anal each with 1 or more detached finleta.

Q. Anal preceded by 2 free spines CXXV, CAnANcai).!;, 895.

QQ. Anal not preceded by 2 free spines.

K. Caudal peduncle keeled CX VIII, Scomhrid/t:, 863.

RR. Caudal peduncle not keeled CXIX, Gkmpyliij.k, 877.

PP. Dorsal and anal without finlets.
S. Lateral line armed ^yosteriorly with a series of keeled plates; 2
free anal spines ; gill membranes free from isthmus.

CXXV, Caranoid.k, 895.
SS. Lateral line armed posteriorly with a sharp, movable, lancet-
like spine, or with a few bony tubercles; scales small,
rough; gill membranes adherent to isthmus.

CLXVII, Teuthidid.k, 1688.
SSS. Lateral line unarmed.
T. Throat with 2 long barbels (placed just behind chin); dorsal

fins 2 CXVII, MuLLiD^, 855.

TT. Throat without long barbels.
U. Head with a short bony horn before each eye; gill membranes
united to isthmus; scales very small, rough.

CLXVI, Zanclid.i:, 1687.
Ull. Head without bojiy prominence or horns.
V. Anal fin preceded by 2 free spines (these obsolete in the very

old, joined by membrane in the very young).
W. Preopercle entire ; teeth moderate if present.

CXXV, Cakangid.i:, 895.
WW. Preopercle serrate ; teeth unequal, some of them very strong.

CXXVI, Pomatomid/K, 945.
VV. Anal fin not preceded by free spines.
X. Nostril single on each side; lateral line iuterrux>ted ; lower phar-
yngeals united.

/if:.:i

^1 t .

H

w

i~

!

(

r 1

ij
1

2880 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

•■:

I. I

m- '

: ;

I

- t

1

If '

:(

i,

Y.
YY.
XX.

Z.

a.
b.

hb.
aa.

ZZ.

e.
d.

e.
ee.
dd.

CO.

9-
(Iff-
//■

h.

hit.
i.

it.
J-

k.
I.

n.

m.

mm.

II.

0.

00.

nn.
P-

Anal spines 2 CLIX, Pomacentrid^k, 154.S.

Anal spines 3 to 11. Fresh-wuter fishes. CLVIII, Ciciilid^e, 1512.

Nostril ilonbltt on each Hide.

J^ateral line extending to tip of middle rays of caudal.

Anal spines 3, the second strong.

Dorsal fins 2, separate ; body elongate.

CXLV, Centropomid^, iiu;.

Dorsal fin continuous CL, ILemulid.!:, 128ii

Anal spines 1 or 2, the second large or small.

CLV, Sci^NlD/E, 1391.'.

Lateral line not extending beyond base of caudal fin.

Gills 3^, the slit behind the last very Huiall or wanting.

Mouth not vertical, the lips not fringed: dorsal lin continu-
ous, the spines 8 to 18 ; scales cycloid ; lower pharyngeulH
united.

Teeth in each side of eacli jaw united, forming a sort of beak.

CLXI, SCARIDiE, 1620.

Tcoth distinct or nearly so, the anterior usually more or less
canine CLX, LAHRiDyi<:, 1571.

Mouth nearly vertical, the lips with fleshy fringes; dorsal
divided, the spinous part short, of about 4 spines; lower
pharyngeals separate CXCVII, UliANOSCOVlD^, 2305.

Gills 4, a long slit b(;hiud the fourth.

Teeth setiform, lilce the teeth of a brush ; body elevated, lon-
ger than deep, the soft fins <>omplotely scaled ; gill mem-
branes attached to the isthmus.

Dorsal fin continuous CLXV, Cii/Etodontid.e, KtCO.

Dorsal Jin divided CLXIV, Ephippid.e, IGtiG.

Teeth not setiform.

Body deeper tlian long, covered with rough scales; dorsal
spines 8; anal spines 3; soft fins very long.

CLXIII, Caproid.e, 16G3.

Body longer than deep.

Gill membranes broadly joined to isthmus; body lon^' and low;
no lateral line CLXXXVII, Gobiid.i;, 2188.

Gill menibranes free from isthmus or very nearly so.

Premaxillaries excesHively protractile, their basal process very
long, in a groove at top of cranium.

Teeth small ; scales large, silvery ; spines strong.

CLllI, GEKKin.K, 1366.

Teeth aione; spines slender CLII, M.knid.e, 1364.

Premaxillaries moderately protractile or not protractile.

Lower pharyngeals united; scales large; anal fin with 3 spines
and more than 15 soft rays; preopercle entire. (Vivip-
arous fishes of the Californian fauna.)

CLVII, Ejibiotocid.e, 1493.

Lower pliaryngeals separate.

Body elongate, not compressed, covered with hard grooved
scales; jaws box-lilfe..CXXXVIII, Tetuagonurid.e, 975.

Body not as above.

Lateral line incomplete or interrupted, running close to dorsal
fin; dorsal spines very slender, continuous witli the soft
rays ; body low, covei'ed with small scales ; anal fin very
long.

Anal rays fewer than 30; maxillary produced behind.

CXCI, Opisthognatiiid/E, 2279.

Anal rays more than 30; maxillary not produced behind.

CXCII, Bathymasterid/E, 2287.

Lateral line, if present, not as above.

Scales circular, cycloid, nonimbricate, each with 1 or 2 erect
spines; dorsal spines obsolete.

CXII, Stephanoberycid.e, 835.

*«ML

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2881

1-

r.
rr.

qq.

8.
t.

it.
u.

V.

vr.

KM.

88.
W.

V3W.
X.

y-
yy-

z.

zz,
a.

0.

cc.

d.

dd.

Scales not an above.

Anal iin much lon|rei' than dorsal; body much <-ompi'cBsed, the

bell}' prominent.
Dorsal spines none; scales cycloid.. CXI, Hatiiyci-UI'KID.k, 834.
Dorsal Mpines few, gniduated ; anal spinoH 3.

CXXXIX, Pkmi'Hkkidid.k, 977.
Anal iin nut much, if any, lunger than dorsal.
Pseudobrauchiie wanting or covered by skin.
Dorsal iin of soft rays, only beginning as a crest on the head;

caudal Avidely forked. Pelagic tisheH.

CXXIX, (.'ORYI'H.KNID.K, 951.

Dorsal fin with spines anteriorly, not begiuuiug ou the head.

Fresh-water iishes.
Anal spines 3 to 10.
Dorsal spines 6 to 12 ; lateral line well developed.

CXLI, Ckntkauchid.k, 984.
Dorsal spines about 4 ; no lateral line ; length loss than 2 inclies.

CXL, El.AssoMATiD.i;, 981.
Anal spines 1 or 2 ; body oblong or elongate ; length less than 8

inches CXLIII, Pei{CID.e, 1010.

Pseudobranchiie developed.

Spinous dorsal of 2 or 3 short spines only; anal without spines;

scales small, smooth CXLVI, t^EiiUANiUvK, 1126.

Spinous dorsal, if present, not as above.

Opercle ending in a lon<^ scaly Hap; snout depressed, spatulate;

mouth very large, the lower jaw projecting.

CXCIV, CII.KNICIITIIYID.K, 2293.

Opercle not ending in a long scaly llap; snout not greatly de-
pressed.

Pectoral liu broad, its lower ravs thickened and not branched.

CLVI, CiUKiiiTiD.K, 1490.

I'ectoral rather narrow at base, its lower rays branched, like the
others.

Dorsal tin continuous, the spines few, slender; maxillary usually
with an enlarged tooth behind ; nape sometimes with an
adipose appendage ; anal tin long, even.

CXC, Malacantiiid.i;, 2274.

Dnrsiil iin continuous or divided, not as above.

Perch-lSke lishes, the caudal peduncle nt»t very slender, the scales
well develoi)cd, ctenoid or cycloid; the dorsal with dis-
tinct spines; the anal with at least 1 spine, its soft
rays usually few.

Maxillary not sheathed by the proorbital, or only partially cov-
ered by the edge of the latter; ventral with its accessory
scale very snuiTl or wanting; pectoral without accessory
scale; sheath at base of spinous dorsal little developed;
vomer usually Avith teeth; opercle usually ending in a
spine.

Precaudal vertebnc with transverse processes from the third or
fourth to the last; ribs all but the last 1 to i sessile,
inserted on the centra behind the transverse processes;
anal spines 3 ; species silvery in color, the dorsal deeply
notched, with 10 spines; vertebnc 10-|- 15=25.

CIXLII, KuHUiiXK, 1013.

Precaudal vertebra' normal, anteriorly without transverse ]»ro-
cesses; all or most of the ribs inserted on the transverse
processes when these are developed.

Anal sjiines 2 or 1 ; pseudobranchia^ small; preoperclo with a
hook-like spine below; vertebra; increased in number (30
to 46). Fresh-water fishes CXLIII, Pekcidk, 1015.

Anal spines 2, rarely 3; vortebric 24 or 25; dorsal tin divided.
Marine lishes CXLIV, Ciieilodii'TKRID-k, 1105.

i-.iii i

•■■'t--\

'.li-i 'i

^■1

|!iii

III ^S

m

■'it':

Tm?^m^'^?SS^

-i»m^m

r. •./

II

2882 Bulletin //, United States National Musetcm.

ddd. Anal spines 3, never 2 nor 1; dorsal fin continuous or dividoil:
vertebraB 24 to 35.
e. Vomer, nnd usually palatines also, -with teeth.
/. Anal fin shorter than dorsal; head not everywhere covered witli
rough scales; postocular part of head not shortened.

CXLVI, Serranid.k, lliis.
//'. Anal fin scarcely shorter than dorsal and similar to it; head iiml
body everywhere covered with ron^h scales; body docp,
compressed, the postei-ior part of head shortened.

CXLVIII, PuiACANTHin.r, 1L';!(;.
ee. Vomer without teeth; dorsal fin continuous; body deep, jom

pressed CXL VII, Lohotiiw ■• •_';;:,.

hb. Maxillary slipping for most of its length under the ed the

preorbital, which forms a more or less distinct .-miiatl::
ventrals with an accessory scale ; opercle without spines :
maxillary without supplemertal bone; anal spincH ;;.
rarely 2.
(f. Fishes carnivorous; intestines of moderate length; teeth in jaw ^

not all incisor-like; vertebrae usually 24 or 25.
It. Vomer with teeth, these sometimes very small ; maxillary lon^.

CXLIX, Li;tianii)/K., Il'iT.
hh. A^omer without teeth ; palatines aud tongue coothless.
t. Teeth on sides of jaws not molar; maxillaries formed essentially
as in the Serranldw; preopercle mostly serrate.

CL, H.KMtii.iD.i:, 12^!i.

n Teeth on sides of jaws molar; maxillaries peculiar inform ami

in articulatiou ; anterior teeth conical or else more m

less incisor-like; preopercle entire.. .CLI, .Sparid.i:, i;}|;!.

gg. Fishes herbivorous; iiitestiual canal elongate; anterior teeth in

jaws incisor-like; no molars or canines; premaxillaiics

moderately protractile CLIV, Kyi'HOsid.k, VMk

aa. Mackerel-liko fishes, with the caudal peduncle usually very
slender, the fin widely forked, the scales various, usually
not ctenoid; the dorsal spines various, anal fin long.
j. Scales firm, linear, parchment like; body compressed; bones of
head rough ; dorsal spines few ; mouth small.

CXXXVII, GUAMMTCOLEI'ipiD.1i:, 97:i.
jj. Scales not linear, -lostly cycloid.

jfc. Do^p.al spines numerous, most of them produced iu long fila-
ments; pectorals very long-.CXXIV, Nkmatistiid.i:, 8!U.
kk. Dorsal spines mostly low, not more than 2 of them filamentous.
I. Dorsal fin very long, all the rays soft; 8kel(^tou soft.

CXXXN'I, ICOSTKID.K. 9G><.

IL Dorsal fin with ?. or moni spines.

■»ii. Dorsal fin divided, the spines 0 to 12 in number.

n. Scales weak, cycloid; jaws without canines.

CXXVIII, NoMKiD.K, 9IS.
nn. Scales ciiiate; jaws with canines. ..CXXVI, Pomatomid.i;, SMTi.
n«n. Scales firm, each with a median ridg«!; no canines.

CXXXIII, STEINE(iBRIIl).i:, JH)(),

mm. Dorsal spines 3 or 4, the fin not divided.

0. Scales minute, body oblong, the shoulder girdle moderate.

CXXXIV, (.'ENTROI.Ol'UID.K, i)6L'.

00. Scales rather large, firm; body broad, ovate, the shoulder gird li-
very strong CXXXII, Uramid.k, y.")(;.

BB. Body scaleless, smooth or armed with tubercles, jjrickles, or
scattered bony plates.
C. Breast with a sucking 'Msk.

1). (Jill membrane free from the isthnnis; no spinous dorsal; a larfre
sucking disk between the ventral fins.

C'XCIX, GoniKsocin.i:, 2;{2(;.

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2883

DD. Gill membriines joiued to the isthiniiB; a sucking disk formed of
tho ventral tins.

E. Skin perfectly smooth ; Bpinous dorsal not distinct.

(.'LXXXIII, LlI'ARIDIDvE, 2105.

EK. Skin with tubercles or spines, or else with a distinct spinous

dorsal CLXXXIT, C YCLOl"rKRlD.E, 20J»4.

CC. Breast without sucking disk.

F. Gill membranes broadlv attached to the isthmus.

G. Ventrals completely united CLXXXVIII, GoBliDyK, 2188.

GG. Ventrals widely separated; body depressed ; preopercle with a

strong spine CLXXXVIl, Callionymid/K, 2184.

FF. Gili membranes nearly or (juite free from the isthnms.
H. Anal preceded by 2 free spines (th<'se lost with age ; connected by
membranes in the very young).. CXXV, Cauangid.k, 89").
HH. Anal witbout free spines.

I. Dorsal and anal finsfoUowedby finlets.CXVIII, Scomhrio.k, 8(53.
II. Dorsal and anal without Unlets.
.1. Suborbital with a bony stay; no free anal spines.

CMAXIX, CoTTU),K, 187!».
.1,7. Suborbital without bony stay.
K. Mouth very largo, nearly horizontal, the teeth sharp ; no pseudo-

branchia- CXCIII, Chiasmouontid/K, 22iH.

KK. Mouth large, nearly vertical; body compressed; preopercle

armed with spines CXCV, TiuciiODONTlD/E, 22!)").

AA. Gill openings small, behind, above, or below the pectoral lins,
which are more or less pedieulate.
L. Gill openings in or behind upper axil of pectorals; mouth small.

CCXXIV, OtJcocKPnAMDi;, 2735.
LL. Gill openings in or behind lower axil of pectoral; mouth large.
M. Head coMi))res8ed; no pseud<>branchiie.

CCXXII, Antknnauiid.k, 2715.
MM. 1 lead depressed ; pseudobranchiie present.

CCXXI, LoiMiiiDvK, 2713.

III.— VENTRAL FINS PBESENT, THORACIC OR JUGULAR, THE NUMBER
OF RAYS NOT DEFINITELY L 5.

A. Eyes unsymmetrical, both on the same side of head.
W. Eves large, well separated ; edge of ]>reopercle usually evident.

C'CXIX, Plkli{one('TI1).i;, 2602.
IWJ. Eyes small, very close together; edge of preopercle hidden 'ty

skin; month very small CC!XX, Soleid.k, 2( 2.

AA. Eyes symmetrical, one on each side of the head.
C. Ventral rays with or without spine, the number of soft rays mom

than 5.
1). Caudal tin wanting; scales spinous. .(JCXV, Mackocuid.i:, 25(51.
DD. Caudal tin well develop»'d.

E. Tail isocercal, the vertebra^ progressively smaller to base ofcar-

dal ; ventrals jugular; no spines in any of the tins.

F. .laws and vomer with strong canines; second dorsal and anal

deejjly notched; no barbel.. CCXIII, MKUi.tJCCiin.i;, l'.52!>.
FF. .laws and vomer without distinct canines; chin usually witli a

biubel CCXI V, Ga did'.k, 2531.

EE. Tail not isocercal, the last vertebra- not reduced in size.

G. Ventral ravs about 15; dorsal tin single, elevated.

CXXX, La .'IMUDID K, JK53.
(>G. Ventral rays I, 3 or 1,5; dorsal very high.

C.XX.\1, Ptkuaclidio.k, !)55.
(UfG. N'entnil rays I, •> to I, 10; dorsal with spines.

WW

! '

2884 Biillctin ^7, United States National Museum.

m

}"

V:

ri 1

i'

i >1-

! ?

I

»

H. Vent anterior ; dorsal spines 3 or 4 ; scales ctenoid ,

CV, Aphredoderid.e, 7><r).
HH. Vent normal.

I. Chin with two long barbels, behind symphysis; dorsal com ;nu.

ous, with 5 spines CXVI, Polymixiid.i: , .^5 1 ,

II. Chin without barbels.

J. Dorsal fin divided, the anterior part of a single slender 8]>! no;

ventrals elongate CCXII, BuEOMACEKOTiDiE, 2525!

JJ. Dorsal tin divided, the anterior part of many spines.
K. Body covered with firm serrated scales; anal spines 4; dorsal

spines not elevated CXV, Holocentrid.k , n 15.

KK. Body naked or covered with small scales, besides bony plates or

warts CLXII, Zeid.k, i(;r.!i.

KKK. Body uniformly covered with cycloid scales; dorsal H])iti('s
mostly very high and filamentous.

CXXIV, Nematistiid.i:, sy4.
JJJ. Dorsal fin continuous, its spines 2 to 8.
L. Suborbitals narrow, not covering the cheeks.

CXIV, Berycid.k, ^:i7.
LL. Suborbitals very broad, covering the cheeks.

CXIII, Trachichthyid.k, ^3t;.
CC. Ventrsil fins with or without spine, the number of soft rays Itwir

than 5.
M. Gill opening before the pectoral fin.
N. Anal tin present; caudal fin not directed upward.
(). Upper .jaw not prolonged into a sword.
P. Dorsal fin with some spines or simple rays.
Q. Dorsal fin without soft rays, composed of spines only.

CC, Blenniid;e, 2341.
QQ. Dorsal fin with soft rays anteriorly, with spines posteriorly;
gill membranes joined to isthmus.. CC VI, Zoarciu.k, 2lu5.
QQQ. Dorsal tin of spines anteriorly, with soft rays posteriorly.

R. Dorsal spines all separate and unconnected; body scalelt>ss,
naked, or with bony plates; ventral with a obarp spiiir.

XCVIII, Gasterosteid.i;, 712.
RR. Dorsal spines connected by membrane.
S. Suborbital with a bony stay, extending across the cheek, to or
toward the preopercle, the cheek sometimes entirt'ly cov-
ered with a coat of mail.
T. Pectoral tin divided into 2 parts, 1 of them very long; lu'.id

bony CLXXXVI, Cei'Halacantiiid.e,2182.

TT. Pectoral tin not divided.
U. Body entirely covered with an armor of bony plates ; head boii v.

CLXXXI, AOONID/K, 20; fl.

UU. Body naked, or more or less rough or scaly, not entirely covered

by bony plates.

V. Gill opening very small, not extending below upper edge of

pectoral; skiu everywhere prickly; head very largo, bony

above CLXXX, RiiAMi'iiocoTrin.i:, 202!).

VV. Gill opening large, extending downward nearly or quite to

lowest pectoral ray CLXXIX, COTTID.K, 1879.

SS. Suborbital without bony stay.

\V. Dorsal spines 2 to 4 only; head very broad, depressed; gills 3;

fill membranes broadly united to the isthmus.
i each a strong spine ; teeth incisor-like ; scales shagreen-
like CLXVIII, Tkiacanthiikk, lGii7.

XX. Ventrals not reduced each to a single spine.

CXCVIII, Batracuoidid^, 2313.
WW. Dorsal spines numerous; gills 4.

X. Gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus.
Y. Body greatly elongate; lower Jaw with a slit at base to i)erniit
free motion ; lips not fringed.

Jordan and Evennann. — Fishes of North America. 2885

■

z.

RID.E,

1

zz.

al com

YY.

idcr 8]

XX

X

) 4; dorsal Jjjk
^RID.K, ^15. B

y plates or ^|
ciD.K, ii;:.!). ^1
rsal HpiiK'B ^1

PP.

a

aa
h.

TiiD.i:,

■

bb

c

fciD.i:,

H

cc
d

lYID.K,

H

rays 1(

^1

e.
ee.
dd.

/.

.'/•

90-

ss-

h.

hh.

00.

NN.

MM.

Jj-

A.

II.

Soft dorsal and anal with a distinct lobe anteriorly, distinct

from spinous part CXIX, Gempylid.k, 877.

Soft dorsal .''nd anal without anterior lobe, continuous with

spinous part CXX, Lkpii)opodid.e, 884.

Body moderately elongate; opercles and lipH fringed; eyes supe-
rior CXCVI, DACTYLOSCOPIDiE, 2297.

Gill membranes broadly united, attached to the isthmus or not.

Gill opening moderate or largo CC, Blenniid.k, 2344.

Gill openings very small, reduced to oblique slits before the

pectoral fins CCIII, CEKDAUDii;, 2448.

Doraal fins of soft rays only.

Breast with a large sucking dish between ventral iins.

CXCIX, GoBiEsociD.E, 2326.
Breast without sucking disk.
Body covered with a coat of mail; dorsal very short.

CLXXXI, A(JONiD i:, 2031.
Body not mailed ; dorsal many-rayed.
Lateral line and base of dorsal beset with prickles; skeleton

very soft; body compressed .. .CXXXVI, Icosteid.i:, 968.
Lateral line unarmed.
Tail isocercal, the vertebral coluuin pointed behind, the last

vertebrie very small; hypercoracoid not perforate; no

psondobranchiu'.

Caudal fin present CCXIV, Gadio^e, 2.531.

Caudal fin wanting CCXV, Macuourid-e, 2561.

Tail not isoceroal, truncate at base of caudjvl; hypercoracoid

perforate.
Gill membranes .joined to the isthmus; psendobranchije present.

Ventral fins under shoulder girdle CCVI, Zoarcid.e, 2455.

Ventral fins inserted below the eyes.

CCVII, Derepodiciitiiyid.e, 2480.
Gill membranes free from the isthmus.
Ventral fins inserted below or befon; the eyes; pseudobranchise

generally well developed CCVIII, Opiiiihid.e, 2481.

Ventral fins inserted below shoulder girdle; no pseudobranchi.e.

CCXI, Brotuud/E, 2498.
Upper jaw prolonged into a bony sword; dorsal fin long and

high ; size lar'^ . ..CXXII, I8Tiopiiorii>/E, 890.

Anal fin wanting; ..a distorted or directed upward;

body ribbon-lii-u.
Ventral fins each of a few slender rays.

CCXV II, Trachypterid.e, 2597.
Ventral fins each reduced to a long slender fil aient.

CCXVI, Kei.ali-xid.e, 2595.
Gill openings behind the pectoral fins.
Gill openings above and behind pectorals; mouth small, low.

CCXXIV, Ogcocephalid.e, 2735.
Gill openings below and behind pectorals ; mouth large, nearly

vertical CCXXII, Antennariid.e, 2715.

IV.— VEHTKAL FINS WHOLLY WAHTING.

Premaxillary and maxillary wanting or grown fast to the pala-
tines; body greatly elongate, eel-shaped; gill openings
restricted to the sides; scales minute or wanting; scapular
arch not attached to the skull. Eels.

Gill o])enings not very far behind cranium; gape not inordi-
nately distensible; gill arches 4 pairs.

Gill openings well developed, lea<ling to large inteibranohial
slits; tongue present; opercles and branchial bones well
developed; scapular arch present.

JS

IS

ft s

2886 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum.

■ '/■ W'

m

1).

E.
F.

FF.

(J,

GG.

EK.

1)1),
II.

I.
J.
K.

JJ.

L.
M.

MM.

LL.

\{

II.
HH.

p.ot

ir(p-

MM".

Skin covered with rndimentsiry embedded scales, usually lii t-ai-
in form, arranged iu small groups, and plactnl obli<|iii'lv
at right angles to those of the neighboring gronps; yyl-.
torals and vertical fins well developed, the latter conll m nt,
about the tail; latei'al line present; posterior nostril in
front of eyes; tongue with its margins free.

Gill openings well separated; brauchiostegals long, bent
ward behind.

Gill openings lateral and vertical; snout conic, the jaws
very heavy; gape longitudinal; lips thick; lower jaw
jecting; teeth in cardiforni bands on jaws and vomer;
eggs minute XLIII, Anguillid.i;, :ii().

Gill openings horizontal, inferior.

Snout very blunt, with very strong jaws; gape transverse
obsolete; teeth blunt, in 1 series, on jaws only.

XLIV, SlMKXCIIKLYIDJ

Snout conical and slender, the jaws of moderate strength;

lateral; lips obsolete; tongue but little developed ; t<<tli

acute, in bands on jaws and voniei'.

XLV, Ii.YoiMiiDiD.K. :;iii.
Gill openings inferior, very close together, apparently contliniit ;

branchiostegal rays abbreviated behind; head tonicil;

tongue small; posterior nostrils in front of eye.

XLVI, SVNAI'lIOHRANCHID.i:, i;.".!).

Scales wholly wanting; eggs (so far as known) of modei.itc
size, much as in ordinary fishes.

Tip of tail with a more or less distinct tin, the dorsal and inml
fins ctmllnent around it; the tail sometimes ending in ;i
long filament. Coloration almost always plain, brown
ish, bl.-ickish, or silvery, the fins often black-margined.

Posterior nostril without tube, situated entirely above the \\\\\w\
lip.

Tongue broad, Largely Iree anteriorly and on sides; vonioiinc
teeth moderate.

Pectoral fins well developed; body not excessively elonj;;itr;
lower jaw not projecting; anterior nostril remote iVoin
eye XLVII, I.kptocepiialiim;, ;;.".•.'.

Tongue narrow, adnate to the floor of the mouth or only the tij)
slightly free; vonierine teeth well developed, sometiincH
enlarged.

.Taws not attenuate and recurved at tip; gill openings \Mdl
separated; anterior nostril remote from eye.

L'ectoral fins well developed ; skin thick; skeleton firm; sinnit
moderate; tail not ending in a filiform tip.

XLVIII, Muii.KNE.socin.i:, nr)S.

Pectoriil fins wholly wanting; snont and jaws much prodiu cd,
the upper longer; jaws straight; skin thin and skelelon
weak; tail ending in a filiform tip; gill openings sniiill,
subinferior; teeth sharp, subeiiual, reeurved, a loiii;
series on the vomer. Deep-sea eels, soft in body, blink
in color XLIX, Nkttastomatid.k, :!(1I.

.laws long and slender, tapering to a point, recurved at tip;
nostrils large, both pairs close in front of eye; gill ojten
ings convergent forward, separate or confluent; poctonils
and vertical fins well developed; membranes of tins tliin.
not enveloping the rays ; skeleton well developed. Dec))-
sea eels L, Nkmiciitiiyid,!:, .'iilil.

Posterior nostril close to the edge of the npper lip; tongue nuiie
or less fully adnate to the floor of the mouth; teeth suli-
equal LI, M VKio.K, iiTO.

Tip of tail without rays, projecting beyond the dorsal an<l aiiiil
tins (not filiform); posterior nostril on the edge of tiiu

Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 2887

jversf; lijis

VDiiieiiiii'

CC.

N.

BJi.

O.

OO.

AA.

P.

PP.
Q.

QQ.
R.

RK.

X.

XX.

RRR.

S.

ss.
1'.

u.

uu.

V.

w.

X.

XX.
Y.

YY.

WW.

Z.

ZZ.

WWW.
a.

upper lip; anterior nostril near tip of snout, usually in a
small tube; ton{i;ue usually adnato to the floor of tbe
mouth. Coloration fre(]uent]y variegated.

LII, Ophiciithyid.k, 372.

Gill openings small, roundish, leading to restricted interbrancbial
slits; tongue wanting; pectoral fins (typically) wanting;
opercles feebly developed; fourth gill arch modified,
strengthened, and supporting pharyngeal Jaws.

Scapular arch obsolete or represented by cartilage; heart not
far back; pectorals wanting; (skin thick; coloration often
variegated) LIII, Muk/ENID^:, 388.

Gill openings far behind cranium; gape of mouth inordinately
distensible ; gill arches 5 or 6 pairs ; tail excessively long,
tapering to a point.

Distance from gill opening to vent much greater than thai from
tip of suout to gill opening.

LIV, Saccopharyngid.e, 40.').

Distance from gill opening to vent much less than from tii» of
snout to gill opening LV, Eurvpharynoid.e, 406.

Pn'maxillary and maxillary ])re8ent, often immovably iinited to
rest of cranium.

Gill openings united in a single slit below throat; no pectoral
fins ; body eel-shajted XLI, Symbranciiid.e, 342.

Gill openings not iiuited in a longitudinal slit.

Dorsal fin wanting; anal fin very long; vent near the head ; cau-
dal obsolete; body band-like XL, Gymnotiixe, 340.

Dorsal fin i)re8ent.

Body eel-shaped, contracted at the neck ; the vertical fins con-
fluent around the tail; premaxillary and maxillary im-
movably united to the skull.. XLII, Derichthyid.e, 343.

Body eel-shaped, ending in a long filament, longer than rest of
body.

No anal or caudal fin CCXVIII, Stylephorid^e, 2601.

No caudal fin; anal present CCIV, PTiLiCHTiiYiDiE, 2451.

Body not truly eel-shaped.

Gill openings far behind pectoral fins; mouth oblique, very
large; spinous dorsal represented by fleshy tentacles.

CCXXIII, Cehatiio-e, 2727.

Gill openings before pectoral fins.

Gil] membranes broadly united to the isthmus, restricting thd
gill openings to the sides.

>Snout tubular, bearing the short, toothless mouth at the end;
body mailed CIII, Syngnathid.e, 760.

Snout not tubular.

Hreast without sucking disk.

Dorsal fin single, of spines or undivided rays only.

Jaws and vomer with coarse molar teeth.

CCII, Anariik'IIAdid.e, 2445.

Jaws and vomer without molars.

Mouth nearly vertical; dorsal spines slender, rather high.

CCI, Cryptacantiiodid.e, 2442.

Mouth not nearly vertical; dorsal spines moderate or low, 8»)me
or all of them usually pungent CC, Bf-ENNIID-E, 2344.

Dorsal tins 2, the anterior of spines, the posterior of soft rays;
body short and deep.

Spinous dorsal of 2 or 3 spines; scales rather large, rough or
bony CLX IX, Bams nn.E, 1698.

Spinous dorsal of 1 or 2 spines; scales minute, rough, forming
a velvety covering CLXX, Monacanthiu.e, 1712.

Dorsal Hn continuous, of soft rays only.

Body oblong or elongate, the back not elevated; dorsal and anal
joined to caudal.

J

I. u

2888 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum,

Pectoral rather narrow, tho lower rays similar to the others.

CCVI, ZOARCID.K, 215:..
Pectorals very h'road, the lower rays procurrent and produced

at tip CLXXXIII, liii'ARiDiD.K, 210."..

Body short, not elongate; dorsal and anal free Irom candal.
Teeth in each jaw conlluen ?-nto 1.

Body compressed, rough (!LXXV, Molid/K, 17r>'J.

Body not compressed, spinous CLXXIV, Diodontid.i:, 1712.

Teeth in each, jaw confluent into 2.

Back hroadly rounded CLXXII, Ti'.TUAODONTin.i:, ITi'ii.

Back with a sharp median ridge.

CLXXIII, Cantiiicastkuid.i:, ITie.
Teeth separate; hody enveloped in a Itoiiy box.

CLXXI, OsTKAciiD.i:, 1721.
Breast with a sucking di.sk.
8kin perfectly smooth; dorsal continuous or slightly notched.

CLXXXIII, LiPABii)ii).E, 210...
Skin mom or less tubercular; dorsal usually divided.

CLXXXII, Cyclopteuid.i:, 20i»l.
Gill membranes free from the isthmus.
Vent iit the throat.
Vertical (ins confluent; body elongate, almost eel-shiiped.

CCX, FlKRASFEUIO.i;, 21!t|.
Vertical (ins separate; body oblong, scaly.

XCill, Amblyoi'Sii>-i;, 7ol'.
Vent posterior, not at the throat.
Candal iin wanting; body naked, greatly elongate.

CXXI, Tkiciihrid.i;, X88.
Caudal tin present.
Upper jaw prolonged into a sword; size very large.

CXXIII, Xii'HiiDvK, S!(;{.
Upper jaw not prolonged into a sword.
Belly with a series of bony scutes along its edge; body n me 1 1

compressed ..LXI, Cu:i'EII>.k, 117.

B(dly not armed with scutes.

Mouth inordinately large, formed like the mouth of a wiiiilc,
with sharp teetii; no scales... LXXIV, Cetoaiimid.i;, 'Ax.
Mouth not inordiuattdy large, not peculiar in form.
Body ovate, much compressed.

Scales small, cycloid, silvery CXXXV, Stromateid.i:, !I(U.

Scales wanting; caudal peduncle very slender.

CXXXVI, IcosTEiw.K, 9(;x.
Body oblong or elongate, much longer than deep.
Gill membranes broadly united; teeth present.

Dorsel fin of spines only CC, liLENNiio.t;, 2:^4 1.

Dorsal fin of soft rays only; body eel-shaped.

CCV, ScYTAUNin.i:, 2t.V!.
Dorsal tin single, the posterior half of soft rays, the anterior of
s])ines; body elongate, covered with small scales.

C(;. BLENNiin.K, 2:511.
Dorsal tins 2, the anterior of slender spines, posterior soft, body

naked C LXXIX, Cottid.i:. 1S7!i.

Gill membranes separate.

.laws toothless, the lower jaw projecting; body scaly, with cross

folds of skin CX, Ammodvtiu.k.HHI.

pp. Jaws with teeth.
7. Body naked, witiiont folds of skin; no psoudobranchiie.

(;CIX, I.YCODAPODin.T:, 2l!il.
qq. Body with small scales; p.seud(»branehiM^ present; head with
very large mucous i)ores; lower jaw very strong.

CXXXVIb, Zai'Borid.k, 281!).

h.
hb.

aa.

c.

d.
dd.

'.'0.

X,

XX.

crc.

VV.

e.

ee.
TT.

9-

99-

ff-
h.

hh.
i.

ii.
J-

JJ
k.

kh.
L
m
mm.

/.

w.

0

00.

000.

0000.

nn.
P-

•I i

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS.*

il'SID.K, 7()L'.

miD.K, Sit:;.

Abdomen. Belly.

Abdominal. Pertaining to the belly ; said of the ventral fins of fishes when

inserted considerably behind the pectorals, the pelvic bones to which

the ventral fins are attached having no connection with the shoulder

girdle.
Abortive. Remaining or becoming imperfect.
Actinoats. A series of bones at th»^ base of the pectoral rays.
Acuminate. Tapering gradually to a point.
Acute. Sharp-pointed.
Adipose fin. A peculiar, fleshy, fin-like projection behind the dorsal fin,

on the backs of salmons, catfishcs, etc.
Adult. A mature animal.
Airbladder. A sac filled with air, lying beneath the backbone of fishes,

corresponding to the lungs of higher vertebrates.
Aliapheuoid. A small bone on the anterior lateral wall of the bruin case.
Amphiceelian. Double concave; said of vertebne.
Anadromous. Running up; said of marine fishes which run up rivers to

spawn.
Anal. Pertaining to the anus or vent.

Anal fin. The fin on the median line beliind the vent, in fishes.
Anehyloaed. Grown firmly together.

Angular. A small bone on the posterior end of the mandible.
Antrorae. Turned forward.

Anu8. The external opening of the intestine; the vent.
Arterial bulb. The muscular swelling, at the base of the great artery, in

fishes.
Articular. The bone of the mandible supporting the dentary.
Articulate. .lointed.
Atlas. The first vertebra.
Atrophy. Nondevelopment.
Attenuate. Long and slender, as if drawn out.
Auditory capsule. The ventrolateral swelling of the KkuU.
Barbel. An elongated fleshy projection, usually about tlie head, in fishes.
Basal. Pertaining to the base; at or near the base.
Basibrancbials. A lower median series of bones of the branchial arches.
Basiocoipital. A median posterior ventral bone of the skull to which the

atlas is attached.
Basis cranii. Formed by shelves of bono developed from the inner sides

of the prootics which meet and form a roof to tiie myodonie and a

floor to the brain cavity.
Bicolor. Two-colored.
Bicuspid. Having 2 points.

Brachial ossicles. Synonymous with actinosts, 4. v.
Branchial. Gills; respiratory organs of fishes.
Branchial. Pertaining to the gills.
Branchihyals. Small bones at base of gill arches.
Branchiostegals. The bony rays supporting the branch iosiegul niuuibranes,

under the head of a fish, below the opercular boues, and behind the

lower jaw.

* In the preparation of this Glossary the authors are indebted to Mr.
Edwin Cbapin Starks for valuable assistance.

3030 104 2889

I
1

I [^
i t

t 'I

i.'irn.i

;,:ii,l

wsmasmp

2890 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum.

liristle. A stiff hair, or hair-like feather.

liiiecal. Pertaining to the mouth.

CaducouH. Failing off early.

Cd'cal, Of tlie form of a blind sac.

C(vcum. An appondnge of tlie form of a blind sac, connected with th«^ ali

mentary canal at the posterior end of the stomach, or pylorus.
Canini'8. The teeth behind the incisors — the ''eye-teeth;" in iislies, any

■conical teeth in the front part of the jaws, longer than the others.
Cardiform (teeth). Teeth coarse and sharp, like wool cards.
Cnrincte. Keeled; having a ridge along the middle line.
Carotid. The great artery running to the head.
Carpus. The wrist.
Catadromoiia. Running down; said of fresh-water species which rim

down to the sea to spawn.
Caudal. Pertaining to the tail.
Caudal fin. The fin on the tail of fishes and whales.
Caudal peduncle. The region between the anal and caudal fins in fishes.
Carernoua. Containing cavities, either empty or tilled with a mucous

secretion.
Centrum. The body of a vertebra.
Cephalic fine. Fins on the head of certain rays; a detached portion of tlio

pectoral.
Ceratobranchiala. Bones of the branchial arches just below their angle.
Ceratohyal. One of the hyoid bones.
Chiaama. Crossing of the fibers of the optic nerve.
Chin. The space between the rami of the lower jaw.
Ciliated. Fringed with eyelash-like projections.
Cirri. Fringes.
Claapera. Organs attached to the ventral fins in thti mal<* of sharks,

skates, etc.
Clavicle. The collar bone, or lower anterior part of shoulder girdle, not

entering into socket of arm.
Compressed. Flattened laterally.
Condyle. Articulating surface of a bone.
Coracoid. The i)rincipal bone of the shoulder girdle in fishes ; otherwise ii

bone or cartilage on the ventral side, helping to form the arm socket.

Synonymous with hypercoracoid, (i. v.
Cranial. Pertaining to the cranium or skull.
Ctenoid. Rough-edged; said of scales when the posterior margin in

minutely spinous or pectinated.
Cycloid. Smooth-edged; said of scales not ctenoid, but concentrictally

striate.
Deciduous. Temporary ; falling off.
Deeurred. Curved downward.
Deutary. The principal or anterior bone of the lower jaw or mandible,

usually bearing the teeth.
Dentate. With tooth-like notches.
Denticle. A little tooth.
Depressed. Flattened vertically.

Depth. Vertical diameter (usually of the body of fishes).
Dermal. Pertaining to the skin.
Diaphanous. Translucent.
Distal. Remote from point of attat^hment.
Dorsal. I'ertaining to the back.
Dorsal fin. The fin on the back of fishes.
Emarginate. Slightly forked or notched at the tip.

Endoskeleton. The skeleton proper ; the inner bony framework of the body.
Enteron. The alimentary canal.

Epihranchials. The bones directly above the angle of the branchial arclies.
Epihyal. One of the hyoid bones.
Epipleurals. Rays of bone attached to the ribs and anterior vertebrn'

usually touching the skin in the vicinity of the lateral line.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 2891

Erectile. Susceptible of being raised or erected.

Ethmoid. A median anterior bono of the skull.

ExoccipitalB. Two bones of the skull, 1 on each sidi-, of tlie foramen
magnum.

Exoskeleton. Hard parts (scales, scntes) on the surface of the body.

Esaerted. Projecting beyond the general level.

Kxtralimital. Beyond the limits (of this book).

Facial. Pertaining to the face.

Falcate. Scythe-shaped; long, narrow, and curved.

Falci/oitn. Curved, like a scythe.

Fauna. The animals inhabiting any region, taken collectively.

Femoral. Pertaining to the femur, or proximal bone of the hinder leg.

Filavient. Any slender or thread-like structure.

Filiform. Thread form.

Fontanel. An unossiiicd np.ace on top of head covered with membrane.

Foramen. A hole or opening.

Foramen maffnum. The aperture in the posterior part of the skull for tlm
passage of the spinal cord.

Forehead. Frontal curve of head.

Forficate. Deeply forked; scissors-like.

F688W (naeal). Groves in which the nostrils open.

Frontal bone. Anterior bone of top of head, usually paired.

Fulcra. Rudimentary spine-like projections extending on the anterior rays
of the fins of ganoid fishes.

Furcate. Forked.

Fusiform. Spindle-shaped ; tapering toward both ends, but rather more
abruptly forward.

(ianglion. A nerve center.

Ganoid. Scales or plates of bone covered by enamel.

Gape. Opening of the mouth.

Gill arches. The bony arches to which the gills are attached.

Gill openings. Openings loading to or from the branchiie.

Gill rakers. A series of bony appendages, variously formed, along the inner
edge of the anterior gill arch.

Gills. Organs for breathing the a^r contained in water.

Glabrous. Smooth.

Glossohj/al. The tongue bone.

Graduated (spines). Progressively longer backward, the third being as
much longer than the second as second is longer than first.

Granulate. Rough with small prominences.

Gular. Pertaining to tho gnla, or upper loreneck.

Hwmal arch. An arch under a htemal spine for the passage of a blood
vessel.

Eternal canal. The series of haemal arches as a whole.

Hmmal spine. Tho lowermost spine of a caudal vertebra, in fishes.

Uwmopophyses. Appendages on the lower side of abdominal vertebrie, in
fishes.

Height. Vertical diameter.

Heterocercal. Said of the tail of a fish when unequal ; the backbone evi-
dently running into the upper lobe.

Jlomocercal. Said of the tail of a fish when not evidently unequal; tho
backbone apparently stopping at the middle of the base of the cau-
dal fin.

Humerus. Bone of the upper arm.

Hyoid. Pertaining to the tongue.

Hyoid apparatus. Formed by a series of bones extending along tlie inner
side of the mandible and supporting the tongue.

Hyomandibular. A bone by which the posterior end of the suspensorinm
is articulated with the skull; the supporting element of the suspenso-
rinm, the mandible, the hyoid apparatus, and tho opercular apparatus.

Hypercoracoid. The upper of the 2 bones attached to the clavicle, indi-
rectly bearing the pectoral fin.

I; H

'&l '

i /.I

li

i-y

i i

-? !

; I
I
I I

2893 Bullet in ,//, United States National Museum.

HjfplenraJ. The modified last vertobra sapporting the caudal fin.
Hypohranchiah. Hones of the branchial arches below the ceratobranchial.-,.
Hypocoracoid. The lower of the 2 bones attached to the (ilavicle behind.
Hypohyah. Small bones, usually 4, by which the resi)ectivo sides of tlio

hyoid apparatus are joined.
Imbricate. Overlapping, like shingles on a roof.
Imperforate. Not pierced through.
Inarticulate. Not jointed.
Incisors. The front or cutting teeth.

Inferior pharyngeals. Synonymous with pharyngeals, q. v.
Infraoral. Below the mouth.

Interhcemal spines. Elements supporting th<', anal tin.
Interhatinals. Bones to which anal rays are attached, in (ishos.
Interhyal. Upper hyoid bone attached to hyomaudibular.
Intermusculars. Synonym of epipleurals, <|. v.
Interneural spines. Elements supporting tlie dorsal fins.
Interspinous bones. The interiieurals and the interhicmals.
Intermaxillaries. The premaxil laries ; the bones forming the middle of tlic

front part of the upper jaw, in fishos.
Interneurals. Hones to whicli dorsal rays arc attached, in fishes.
Interopercle. Membrane bono between the preopercle and the branchios-

tegals.
Interorbital.
Interspinals.

Space between the eyes.

Bones to which finrays are attached (in fishes); inscrtt'd

between neural spines above and hiiniial spines below.
Isocercal (tail). Last vertebrae progressively smaUer and en«ling in mcdi.in

line of caudal tin, as in the codfish.
Jugular. Pertaining to the lower throat; said of the ventral fins, when

placed in advaTu-e of the .attachment of the pectorals.
Keeled. Having ii Ige along the middle line.
Lacustrine. Living ni lakes.

Lamella;. Plate-like proces8«'s like those insitie the bill of a duck.
Larra. An immature form, which must undergo change of appcaram c

before becoming adult.
Lateral. To or toward the side.
Iiateral line. A series of muciferous tubes forming a raised line ah>ng tin'

sides of a fish. ^

Lateral processes. Synonym of parapophyses, <(. v.
Laterally. Sidewise.

Lunate. Form of the new moon ; having a broad and rather shallow fork.
Mandible. Under jaw.
Maxilla, or maxillary. Upper jaw.
Maxillaries. Outermost or hindmost bones of the upper j«iw, in (islies;

they are joined to the premaxillaries in front, and usually extend

farther back than the latter.
Mesethmoid. Synonym of ethmoid, q. v.
Mesopterygoid. A boqe of the suspensoriuni.
Metapterygoid. A bone of the suspensorium, or chain supporting the lower

jaw.
Molars. The grinding teeth; posterior teeth in the jaw.
Muciferous. Producing or containing mucus.
Myocomma. A muscular band.
Myodome. Cavity under the brain cavity for the reception of the rectus

muscles of the eye.
Nape. Upper part of neck, next to the occiput.
Xares. Nostrils, anterior and posterior.
Nasal. Pertaining to tlie nostrils.
Nasal plate. Plate in which the nostrils are inserted.
Neural arch. An opening through the base of the neural spine for th^;

passage of the spinal cord.

'^'^

Jordan and Evennann, — Fishes of North America, 2893

liddloDf til

lallow fork.

the rectus

ine for th";

XeuraX canal. The neural arches as a whole.

Veural processes. Two phites rising vertically, 1 on each side of the
centrum of the vertebra, which unite toward th«ar eu<lB and form a
spine.

Yeural spine. The uppermost spine of a vertebra.

Xiotitating membrane. The third or inner eyelid of birds, sharks, etc,

Xotochord. A cellular chord which in the embryo piec^edes the vertebral
column.

Xiiohal. Pertaining to the nape or nucha.

Obsolete. Faintly marked; st-urcely evident.

Obtuse, lilunt.

Occipital. Pertaining to the occiput.

Occipital condyle. That part of the occipital bone modified to articulate
with the atlas.

Occiput. Back of the head.

Ocellaie. With eye-like spots, generally roundish and with a lighter bor-
der.

Oid (suffix). Like; as I'ercoid, perch-like.

Opercle, or operculum. Gill cover ; the posterior membrane bone of the side
of the head, in fishes.

Opercular boneK. Membrane bones of the side of the head, in fishes.

Optrcular flap. Prolongation of the upper posterior angle of the opercle,
in sunfishes.

Opisthocwlian. Concave behind only; said of vertebra' which connect by
ball-and-socket joints. .

Opisthotic. A bone of the skull to which the lower limb of the post-
temporal usually articulates.

Orbicular. Nearly circular.

Orbit. Eye socket.

Osseous. Hony.

(hsicula audiiuH. Bones of the ear, in fishes.

Osteology. Study of bones.

Oviparous. Producing eggs which are develojted after exi^lnsion from the
body, as in all birds and most fishes.

OvoviriparoHs. Producing eggs which are hatched before ('xcliision, as in
the dogfish and garter snake.

Ovum. Egg.

Palate. The roof of the mouth.

Palatines. Membrane bones of the roof of the moiitli, 1 on each side
extending outward and backward from the vomer.

I'alustrine. Living in swamps.

Papilla. A small fleshy projection.

Papillose. Covered with papilla-.

I'arapophyses. The lateral projections on some of the abdominal vertebrae
to support ribs.

I'arasphetioid. Bone of roof of mouth Itehind the vonuu'. Synonym of ])re-
frontal.

Parietal. Bone of the side of head above.

Parotic process. A posterior lateral process of the skull formed by the
pterotic and opisthotic.

Pectinate. Having teeth like a comb.

Pectoral. Pertaining to the breast.

Pectoral fins. The anterior or uppermost of the paired fins, in fishes, cor-
responding to the anterior limbs of the higher vertebrates.

Pelagic. Living on or in the high seas.

Pelvic girdle. The bones supporting the ventral fins or pelvics.

Pelvis. The bones to which the hinder limbs (ventral fins in
attached.

Perforate. Pierced through.

Peritoneum. The membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

in fishes) are

, ; (i •'(.

Mf!.'!

I,.'

I

'r

'/^

1 1

I

2894 Diilletin ^7, United States National Museum,

Pharynfical hones. Honos Itehind tho f^illa and at the beginniriK of thn

wBoi>haKua of fmlu-s, of various foriiiH, almost always provided with

teoto; usually 1 pair below aud 2 pairs above. Tliey ruprvsoiit

a fifth gill arch.
rhart/ngobranchiala. Upper cleiiientH of tito branchial arches, usually

bearing teeth.
Pharynnognathoun. Having the lower pharyngoal bones united.
I'hyaociiHtoua. Having tln' air bladder closed.
Phyao8tomou8. Having the air bladder connected by a tube with the

alimentary canal.
Pigment, Coloring matter.
Pineal body. A small ganglion in tho brain; a rudiment of an optic lobe.

which in c(>rtain li/.ards (and in extinct forms) is connected with a

third or median *'ye.
Pituitary body. A small ganglion in the brain.
Plicate. Folded; showing transverse folds or wrinkles.
Pliimbeoua. Lead cobued; dull bluish gray.
Polygamous. Mating with more than 1 female.
Poatclaviole. A ray composed of 1 or 2 bones attached to the inner uppor

surface of the clavicle aud extending downward.
Poatorbital. Behind the eye.
Poattemporal. Tho bone, in fishes, by which tho shoulder girdle is hiis-

pended to the cranium.
Pnvcoracoid. A portion of coracoid more or less separated from the rest.
Pracoracoid arch. An arch in front of the coracoid in most soft-rayod

fishes.
Prefrontala. Bones forming lateral projections at the anterior end of tho

skull.
Premaxillariea. The bones, 1 on either side, forming the front of the

upper jaw in fishes. They are usually larger than the maxillaries and

commonly boar most of the upper teeth.
Premolara. The small grinders; the teeth between the canines aud tho

true molars.
Preocnlar. Before the eye.
Preopercle. The membrane bone lying in front of the opevde and more or

less nearly parallel with it.
Preorbital. The large membiane bono before the eye, in fishes.
ProacUan. Concave in front only.
Procurreut (fin). With the lower rays inserted progressively farther

forward.
Projectile. Capable of being thrust forward.

Prootio. A bone forming an anterolateral ossification of the brain case.
Protrttctile. Capable of being drawn forward.
Proximal. Nearest.
Paeudohranchiiv. Small gills developed on the inner side of the operclo,

near its junction witli the prectpercle.
Pterotic. A bone at the posterior lateral process of the skull.
Pterygoids. Bones of roof of mouth in fishes, behind the palatines.
Pubic bonen. Same as pelvic bones, <[. v.
Pubis. Anterior lower part of pelvis.
Pulmonary. Pitrtainiug to the lungs.
Punctate. Dotted with points.
Pyloric caxa. (Tlandular appendages in the form of blind sacs openinfi;

into the alimentary canal of most fishes at the pylorua, or passa^i'

from the stomach to the intestine.
Quadrate. A bone of the suspousorium on which the mandible is hinged.

Quincunx. Set of ,5 arranged alternately, thus *

» »

liadius. Outer bone of forearm.

Jordan and Evermann, — Fishes of North America. 281)5

SJ'f

» with till

38 ami tliu

iFiaiu case.

Uay. One of the oartiluginuuH rotb which Hupport the niuuibriiue of the

tin of a tisb.
ReffVkrmA. Curved upward.
Heticulate. Marked with a network of liuoH.
Iletrorse. Turn»^d backward
liudimentary. lIndeveh))M'd.
IliigoHti. Koufrb with wrinkles.

Sa<ral. Pertaining to the sacrum, or vertebno of tl»e i»«lvie region.
Scapula. Sboiiltler 1>lade; in lisboa, tlie hone of the Hboul«h;r girdh* below

the post-temporal.
Scapular arch. 8boiild«'r girdl«>.
Scute. Any external bony or horny ]dati'.
Second dorsal. The i)08terior or soft part of the dorsal lin, wlieii the two

parts are separated.
SeptHvi. A thin partition.
Serrate. Not<'hed, like a saw.
Sesxile. Without a stem or pedimrle.
Setaceous. Uristly.
Seti/oriu. Bristle-like.
Shaft. iStitf axis of a qnill.
Shoulder girdle. The bony girdle posterior to the head, to which the

anterior limbs are attached (post-temporal, scai>nla, uud cttriicoid or

clavicle).
Soft dorsal. The posterior part of the dorsal tin in lishes, when composed

• of soft rays.
Soft rays. Fin rays which are articulate and iiHuuUy branched
Spatulatc. Shaped like a spatula.
Sphenoid. Itasal bone of skull.
Sphenotic. A lateral bime of the skull.
Spine. Any sharp projecting point; in fishes those I'm rays which :irc nn-

brauched, inarticulate, and usually, but not always, more or less

stitfeued.
Spinous. StiH'or composed of spines.
Spinous dorsal. The anterior part of the dorsal I'm when composed of

spinous rays.
Spiracles. Openings in the head and neck of some lislies and batrachians.
Stellate. Star-like; with radiating ridges.
Striate. Striped or streaked.

Sub (in composition). Less than; somewhat; not *|uitc; under, etc.
Subcaudal. Under the tail.

Subopercle. The lioue immediately below the opcrcle (tiu> suture connect-
ing the two often hidden by scales).
Suborbital. Below the eye.
Suborbital stay. A bone extending from one of the suborbital boucs in

certain iishes, across the cheek, to or toward the i)reopercle.
Subulate. Awl-8ha])ed.

Superciliary. Pertaining to the region of the eyebrow.
Superior pharynyeals. Syncmym of pharyngol)rauchialB, q. v.
Supplemental maxillary. A small bone lying along upper ed}>'e of the

maxillary in some fishes.
Supraclaricle. A bone interposed between the clavicle and th»* i>ost-

temporal.
Supraoccipital. The bono at posterior part of skull in fishes, usually with

a raised crest above.
Supraoral. Above the mouth.
Supraorbital. Above the eye.
Saprasoapular. The post-temporal or bone by which the shoulder girdle

in fishes is joined to the skull.
Suspensorium. The chain of bones from the hyomandibular to the palatine.
Suspensory bones. Bones by whicii the lower jaw, in lislws, is fastened to

the skull.

m

'i I

^:.! i':

\M

iim

■PJBBBBW

^i^,l,»-j,*l«M

r

i.

2896 Bulletin 4/, United States National Museum.

Suture, The line of union of 2 bones, as in the skull.

Symphysis. Point of junction of the 2 parts of lower jaw; tip of chin,

Sympleotic. The bone in lishes that keys together the hyomandibnlar and

quadrate posteriorly.
Synonym. A different word having the same or a similar meaning.
Synonymy. A collection of different names for the same group, species, or

thing; "A burden and a disgrace to sci once." (Coues.)
Tail. In ii'jhes (usually), the part of the body posterior to the anal fin.

(Often need more or less vaguely.)
Temporal. Pertaining to the region of the temples.
Terete. Cylindrical nnd tapering^
Terminal. At the end.

Tessellated. Marked with little checks or squares, like mosaic work.
Thoracic. Pertaining to the chest ; ventral fins are thoracic when attached

immediately below the pectorals, as in the perch, the pelvic bones

being fastened to the shoulder girdle.
Transverse. Crosswise.
Trenchant, Compressed to a sharp edge.
Truncate. Abrupt, us if cut squarely off.
Tubercle. A small excrescence, like a pimple.
Type (of a genus). The species upon which was based the genus to whicli

it belongs.
Type (of a species). The paiticnlar specimen upon which the original

specific description was based.
Type locality. The particular place or locality at which the type specimen

w»8 collected.
Typical. Of a structure the most usual in a given group.
Ultimate. Last or farthest.
Unieolor, Of a single color.

Vent. The external opening of the alimentary tanal.
J'^entral. Pertaining to the a jdomen.
Ventral fins. The paired fins behind or below the pectoral fins in fishes,

correspondiug to the posterior liuibs in the higher vertebrates.
Ventral plates. In serpents or fishes, tbe row of piates along the belly be-
tween throat and vent.
J^entricle. One of the thick- walled chambers of the heart.
Versatile. Capable of being turned either way.
Vertebra. One of the bones of the spinal column.
Vertical. Up and down.
Vertical fins. The fins on the median line of the body; the dorsal, anal.

and caudal fins.
Villiform. Said of the teeth of fishes when slender and crowded into

velvety bands.
Viscous. (Slimy.

Viviparous. Bringing forth living young.
Vomer. In fishes, the I'ront part of the roof of the mouth; a bone lying

ininnidiately behind the premaxillaries.
Zygapophysts. Points of bone aftording to the vertebra' more or less defi-
nite articulation with each other.

IISTDEX.

Page.

abacurus, Eleotris 2200

Abadejo 1184

abboti, Syngnathus 76i

abbotti, Osmerus mordax 524

abbreviata, Chima;ra 95

abbreviatus, Nauclerus 900

Abeona 1490

aurora 1-197

miuima 1497

trowljridgii 1497

iiberrans, Hyiioplectnis nuicolor . . . 1193

Liopropom I 1136

Perca H3C

abildgaardi, Scariis 1635

Sparisoma 1635

Aboina 2240

chlquita 2241

deMar 2195

de Rio 2236

«tlieo8tonia 2240

lucretiii' 2241

Abramidopsis 249

Abramis 2-9

ainericantis 250

balteatiKs 239

crysoleiicaa 250

bosci 251

gardonens 251

latiM-alis 239

leptoHOUi us 250

(Kii'identalis 247

versicolor 250

Abudefduf 1500

aiialogus 1 508

decli vifrons . loili;

rudis \50;t

saxaiilis 1501

taiirus 1563

abyssicola, Uiya 76, 2751

iicadian, Cottus 2023

acadiauuB, Glyrt-uepbalus 2657

llemitriptcrus 2023

Aciiu tharclius 989

puniotia 989

Acaut bias 63

auiericanus 54

blainvillei 57

Hucklii 64

vulgaris ^ 54

Page.

acantbias, Squalus., 54

Acauthidium 55

puBilluui 55

Acautbiniou 939

rhoniboidcs 942

acanthistius, BodianuH 1147

Acantbochii'todon 1682

Acaiitliocliuus 2374

cbaperi 2375

Acantbocottus 1970, 1971

lubradoricuH 2001

laticeps 1989

mucoaus 1975

ocellatuB 1976

patris 2009

profuudurum 1991

sellaris 1998

variabilis 1975

virginiai-'ua Iit70

Acnntbocybiiniu 805

Acautbocy biuui 870

pctiH 877

Hulauctt \ 876

Acaiithodernia 879, 1713

tuiuminkii HHO

acauthoderma, Xbyrxitcs 880

Acaiitliolabrus exolotus 1570

Acantholebius 180t)

uebulosus 1872

Acnnthulepifc 525

Aoaut Imuutut 614

iiaaua 615

aoatt1ho)i1tnrus, Serranus 1196

Acaiitlioptirl 779.1241

AcantlKirbiims 51!

Acantbusdiiia 1753

cannatum 1754

Acaiitbostracion 1721, 1722, 1724

polygouius 1725

Acautbmus 1689

aliala 1094

bubianus 1693

bre' :s 1091

brouRHou(^tii 1 09 1

Cicnilcus 1091

cbinirgiis 1092

glaiicopiiri'iuH 1604

bi'iiatiiM 1692

hiruudo 1601

2897

'fP^

P'i

Wl

rr

''^y^^fw^

i

2898

Index.

\ !

Pagr.

Acaulliiii'ua luatoidoa 1693

iii(;ri<'aiiH 1002

|ilil«li(it oiims 1 092

Hiilmriiiild/^ ■ 16U1

fim'tiis 1693

tHostfl)|«S ^>,„,t >'!(»)

zobra /f^/

Hl'ilDllMirils, iiitihropelecns fr?0

UuutiHlilttiiJH 579

Acara aya 1264

bartoiii 1616

caTuloopiiiictatiis 15i4

fiisco-niaciilata 1540

lilniina 1323

pitaniba 1276

rcctaugularis 1515

tetracanthiiH 1540

acara, rristjjioma jiiniiua r.t23

acceusum, I'lcctropoiiia 1103

acoeusus, Hy poplectru.-f 1193

unifolor. .. 1193

accipiter, Podothecus 2055

acclivia, l-nrirons 1422

Acedia 2704, 2705, 2709, 2712

▲ jeiitrogobiuB 2210

Aceutrolopkus 9fi2

maciilosns 963

ncervum, ("yliiiiiii 875

acbigan, IJodiaiius 1011

Acbirinii- 2693

Acliiropbichtbys 387

typns 388

Achirus 2693,2095,2700

achinis 2695

brai'blalis 2098

coMiifer 2698

fawciatin 2700

limbriatiis 2700

HsobiTi 2699, 2700

fonseccuHla 2699

ttronovil 2696

iiiHcriptiis 2690

kjiin/.ingeri 2697

liiicatiiA 2697. 2698, 2702

maoiillpiiiiiis 2698

nid/.iit tanas 2898

oriiatim 2709

panaiiieuais 2702

scutum 2TIK)

achirus Achirus 2695

luollia 2702

rieuiouect«H 26lt«

Soloa 2702

Aoipenser 103

acjiiiostris 104,106

agaoHixii Itf5

Page.

Aclpenser aleutensis 104

alexandri 105

ana8iuio8 106

mtiiracinus 106

telaapis 1U6

atUIna ]05

ayre#^ lo*

h'llrf 105

fjlHllll/fllUn-hua... 104

Drc viiaalHiHi 106

buffalo iha

carbouariua iM

caryi 10^

catip]irnet.ri8

ciiicionati

copei ij^,

dekayi

girardi ^05

hol))rooki i05

honueymaDl i/fO

h»l>'ltiB 1,06

OoapitUH loS

k«nnico()ti j^T/

kirtlandi iM

Ifcvis JQ6

tunmmrias fj^i

lainurll , j^m

latirogfris {m

IffcouteJ ^,

lesucuri fj)l^

licbfeimteini ^/^

inacrorliiriiiH I06

maorostomua (06

luaculuaus (^

mcdiroHtrls 104,2757

megaluapis lo.j

inicMrby ncbua 106

milbpiti. 105

niitchiUi I06

D'TtiiilanuH J06

olttuairiiHti'is 106

ohienais 100

olIgopt'ltiH 105

oxyr)iyuchuH l^

paiaiiiiHiiaoK. ^(fB

pbitoryiicbus iff)

pbityrbiuus 106

putiiMiiii 104

rafiiicH<|ui loo

rauclii loe

rbynclia'UH 100

ricbardHoni 106

roaariuni 106

roHtelluin 109

rubxiindus \im

rupt'rtiuuuH loti

Index.

2899

Page.
104
103
106
106
1U6
105
lUk
105
104
106
106
106
104
107

im
w>
ik

105
105
100
106
i05
lOr,
106

i

106

m
m
m

m

106
/OB

104, 2757
I or,
106
105
105
IOC

loe

100
105
105

m

I If/
106
104
106
106
lOU
106
106
lll«
lt»!
106

Page.

Acipenser serotinus 106

storeri 105

Bturio 105

thompsoni 105

transmontanus 104

yarrelli 105

Acipeuserida) 102

aclpensorinus, xVgonus. 2062

Aspidophoru.s 2062

Paragonu.s 2062

Phalangistea 2062

Podotheous 2001, 2062

aokleyi, Raja 70

Acjmus 173

griscus 175

Acoupa 1403

nooup:' Cestreus 1404

Cheilodipterns 1404

. C.ynoscion 1403

Cynuscium 1404

Acrocbeil U8 207

aleutacoiis 808

acrolepis, Macrourua 2585

Macrurus 2585

ACtO'jotuB, Carcharhimis 36

Sqnalus 36

AtftfautviS carueus 1692

Aa-fuleatue 1691

/uafiis 1692

nigriculus 1693

Acropiicilia 690

tridens 690,2833

AoroJidin 2849

Actotiuaa 969

Arrotua 973,2849

willoughbyi 973, 2849

Actinochir 2114,2116,2127

major 2128

aruloata, Mola 1754

aculeatus, Chelinon 1671

Chrysops 1347

Climts 2433

Doryichthys 773

Gasterosteus 747, 2836

(^atajihrac-

t:is 750

Halieutirhtliya 2730

Lopli ilia 2741

Lu?npuiiii8 2433

Frognatbodea 1671

Stoiiotonius 1346

Stichania 2433

aniiniiiiata, Gnl)iiiH longissirria 8230

Jtiiikiimia 419

llurniia 377

Sclii'na 1488

Page.

acuminatus, Eques 1487

unibrosus 1487

Etrameus 419

Myricbthys 376

Ophicthys 377

Opble-.inia 377

Pareques 1487

acuta, Loricaria 158

Myliobatis 89

Opbisouia 356

Perca 1024

acuticeps, lilennicottns 2864

Oligocottua 2015, 2016

acutirostris, Acipenser 104, 105

Cerna 1181

Corviiia 1437

Lutjanus 1259

Prtstis . 61

Sorranus 1181

Acutomentum 1765, 1774, 1785

macdoualdi 1787

acutum, Hromu' m 1299

acutus, Exocri'tiis 728

Fodiatur 728

PseiidimcariiH 1652

Seams 1663

Aoua 774

acu8, Spliyra iia 717

Tyloaurns iW

Adinia 660; 2830

dnge.sii 661

guatemalensis 660, 2830

inultifasciata 661

pacbycepbala 660, 2830

adinia, Fundiilut> 645

adiroiidaciis, Salnio 605

adobe, Agosia 310

Adonia 2377

cristntus 2383

adaceniouis. Epiiieiilielus 1152, 1154

Sioinber 927

Tra*;biiius 1153

adsporsua, Cleuolabrus 1577

Labriia 1577

i'uralicbt]'y.s 2627

Pstudorbfiinliii.s 26a7

Tautogolabnia 18jl7

adnata, ( 'orvina if^

Eupoiiiacoiitrua 1#)

Irobiesox iim

•^■'"'»« m

< >|)liio8cion itff

i'oiiiacpiifnis 1W2

PBoudojidia 1603

ndiiatus, Courslup 325

vEgloJinus 2542

2900

Index.

Page.

iEglefluus linnmi 2543

iijgletinus, Gitdus 2543

Melauogrammiis 2542.2543

Morrhua 2543

iElurichtbys 110

iduriis, Ainiuriis 140

iBuea, Cichla 990

iiinoulus, NotropiH 266

luoeus, Centrarchus 990

Cottus 1973

MyuxoceplialuB 1972

I'iraeloilus 143

Totrajjoiioptonis 333

ivuigmaticiis, Icosteua 972

iitpyterus, AnimocibteB 11

nsquatoris, Tali.siiiauia 456

vEquidoua 1513

cicrulopuiictatiis 1514

ii'quidens, Culius 2202

Eleotri-s 2202

Priciiiodes 1210

Serraii u« 1211

luqnoreiis, iSy iiguathus 774

lureus, Sebastudes 1807

iiiHCulapius, Ale|)isaurus 505

iiusopus, Jioleosunia 1057

iL'Btivalia, Cltipt-a 427

G<(bi<) 316

Hybopsis 316

iiiarcouis 316

I'oniolobus 426

a^stuarins, I'aralicbtbys 2026

a^tlialion, Citbaricbtliya 2673

IlL'iiiii'hoiubii.s 2673

rotbaloriis, CfTcbarbiniis 40

^^thoprora 565

efl'iilgons 566

lucida 505

Aetobatina! 88

AetobatiH 88

Ae'obatus 88

lat iceps 88, 2753

uai'iiiari 88

al'er, Alpbcatcs 1164

K]iiii(!]ibolus 1166

(Jyiiiiiotborax 395

attine, Myctopbuin 570

IMcctropoiiiii 1193

Siplioatotiui 709,770

atiiiiia, Atherinops 807

Aiit'lienoptcruH 2371

Caiapiis 2497

(.'aiilolatiluH 2277

Cfntropiiinua 1124

Clitibidipterun 1113

< Miima-ra 96

Page.

afSnia, Cliuostomua 239

Croraiiobatea 2372

Esox 628

Exoccbtus 735, 2830

Bxonautea 2836

Eieriialer 2495

GambuBia 680

Gila 228

Heroa 1529

lleterandria 681

Ilypojilectriis 1193

unicolor 1193

l8opi.sthu8 1399

LeiiciaciiB 240

LiK'ania 665

Pimelodu.s 134

Scopelus 571

Stomias 588

Synapbobian chua 351

SynguatbuH . 769

Tbymi iin 869

aCra, Miirana 396

Porta 1833

alricaua, Soorpana 1833

afriini, Pleotropoma 1166

agassizii, Acii)en8er 105

Aleporephalii.s 453

Amphysticu.s 1502

Aiilopus 541

Batbysaunia 540

liraraa 959

Cbloroplitlialinua 541

Cbolo<;a8tor 704

Cratiniis 1188

("yliiidrostcna Ill

Dioroiuita 2506

Hohoiiotii.s 1506

IIyi)evin<).s()poii 1502

Lipaiis 2121

Pinioplialea 217

Saiiiio 507

SalvcliiiiiB foutinalia 507

Scorpa-na 1840

Serrauiis 1189

Xeiiichthya 1287

aggre^iituiii, Ditronia 1499

aggrt'giitns, Cyinat()Ka.ster 1498

Microiiietriia — 1499

agiliH, Gadua 2.534

AgiuiH 2306

anopUiB 2308

Auoniibi' 2031

A;;uiiiii:i' 2033

Agotioiiiiilim 2036

|)i'()bi)8('idalis 2037

AgunupaiH 2068

Index.

2901

Page.

Agonopsis chiloensis 2009

AgonoHtoina globiceps 821

nnsiitnni 820

Agonoatoininic 809

Agonostomus 818

inicrops 820

inouticola 819

nasutus 819,2840,2841

porcoides 819

Agonus 20(i4

aclpousoriiius 20(i2

aiinai 2043

barkani 2044

cataphrat'tus 206:"), 2067

chilnensiti

curilicus

dcoagoiiug

ilodecaodrou

gilberti

japoiiicns

liovigatus

nigcr

quadricornis

rostratus

Hpinoi^issimiis ...
stegophtlialiniis) .
vnlsiis

adobo

clirysogaster

coiK'sii

falcata

8luis\va|>.

metallica

novadensis

novcniradiata . . .

20(i9

2036

2053

2046

2060

2036

2048

2069

2041

2048

2054

2036

2068

Agosia 308,309,313

310

313

310

313

313

314

310

312

niibila. . '. 311,312

carringtonii 311

oscula 309

sliitH-Nvap 313

iimatilla 313

volifera 212

yarrowi 309

agiia-boiiita, Salnio iridrus 503

uiykisH 504

Agiia.ji 1174,1177

agiiii.ji, Trisdtropi.s 1175

Agii.ia I'.lama 892

de Casta 715, 892

dti I'liladar 892

I'rieta 801

Voladora 801

AgiiJ"" 714,715,716

Agiillia, I'oixo 711

A .ia 370

(^ginontis 370

Page.

aigula, Lachiiolaiiniis 1580

Ailuricbthys 116

bagro 1 17

ouJouxii 118

filaiuimtosus 118

gronovii 117

loiigi.s]>ini8 119

iiiarinu.) 118

iiuchalis 117

])anaineii»i8 117

piniiiinafMilatna 117

ailiirus, Pinielodii-s 140

Aimaias 330

aix, Pallasiiia 2050

Aka novo 1833

Akasoi 1830

Alabama SI I ad 2810

alabaniir, \ losa 2810

Etliecstonia 1095

wliii>ploi .. . 1095

Notropis 298

.\ lalonga, Albacora 871

alalouga, ( )rcynu8 871

Ala-liiiiga 871

iiliiliinga, (leriiio 871

aiasoanii.s, AiiimodyteH 832

ArgyroHOMi'is 2817

Sobastolobii.s 1761

Xenocliinis 2081

Akska IJLicklishes 620, 621

Codlisli 2541

Dab 2645

Dog Halmon 478

CreeuUsb 1869

Stiekb'lmck 749

AlaHkaii Pollacks 2535

iilatuiiga, .Sconilior 871

alatus, .\iiu8 125

Laini>aiiyctus 559

Mii^iil 733

PnonotuH , 3159

Alausa 427

californic'a 423

striata 431

A lausella 424

alba, llogciiia 422

Albacora 869

I ab;h;iiga 871

! tliyiimiH 870

' albacora, Tliyiii'us 871

Albacoro, GriMl 870

l.diig-lliiufd 871

' Albacores 870

albacoi'i ScoiubiT 870

Albatro^A^ia 2573

l»ectorall» 2573

vm

2902

Index.

%

f

\

i?l

'%

f.

\

■ ;

1

f>

i

yt ■'

'■

\

f

'.

t

(»■

s^^

i

\

I ! ■

Pago.

albatrosHis, Oamenin 2823

alboulus, Notropis nio.i;alop.s 250, 283, 284

albescens, Ecbeueis 2272

Remora 2272

albicans, Dagrus 124

Sciadeiclitbys 124, 2760

Tachisiirus 124

albicauda, Ecbeneis 2269

albidactylus, Exocflctus 739

albidum, Hiuraulon 1299

Moxostonia 192

albidus, Amiurns 138

Gadus 2531

Ictalurus 138

Labrax 1132

Osniorua 538

Pinielodus 132,138

Ptychostomus 192

Tetrapturus 892

albigutta, Catbetostoroa 2313

Katbeto»toma 2312

albigiittus, Paralicbtliys 2631

albirostre, Sipbostoma 772

albirostris, Corythroicbthys 772, 2838

Prionotus 2163

Syngnatbus 772

albolineatas, Fundulus 649

albomacnlatus, Paralabrax 1 197

SerranuB 1197

Albramis oligaspis 294

Albula 411,2807

conoryncbna 411

orythrocbeilos 412

fosteri 412

goreoiiHis 412

neoguinaica 412

parra) 411

rostrata 412

seminuda 412

vulpes 411

albula, Miigil 812,2841

Albulida) 410

albulus, Bry ttua 10D7

Loponiis 1007

album , Hajmulon 1295, 1296

Mnxostoma 191

AlburnelluH 254

altipinnis 287

amabilis 291

nmoenus 296

argo 294

Jaculus... 293

jqmezanus 294

matutinuH 301

inogalops. . 291

micropteryx 297

Page.

Albiiruoll lis porcobromuB 295

riibrifrous 295

siinus 267

iimbratilis 299

Alburnops 254,256,261

blennius 262

heterodon 261

illecebrosua 269

longirostris 267

nubiliis 215

pliunbeolus 283

salndaniia 270

sbumardi 268

taiirocepbalus 253

Alburnus amabilis i 291

americanus . .-v^ 1475

dilectus 294

fornioBUs 280

lepiduliis 294

lineolatiis 203

niegalops 291

nitidus 293

oligaspis 294

rubellus 293

rubrif rons 295

sociiis 292

umbratilia 299

zonatua 285

albumiis, Centropomus 1475

Menticirrhiis 1475

Perca 1475

Urabrina 1475

albns, Atherinichtby 8 2839

Contropoinus 1 135

Cestrous 1411

Corogonus 460

Cy iioscion 141l

Oymnotiis 340

Lepisosteiis no

Otolithufe 1411

Ptyebostomus 191

Alcidea 1880

tbobiirni 1887

Aldrovandia 608, 2820

goodei 610

gracilis 610

macrocbir 609

pallida 611

rostrata fi09

Alecrin 32

Alectis 931

ciliaris 931

jrinitiis 932

Al(>ctrin.s 2869

alectrolopbiis, Anoplarcbtis. . 2421, 2422, 2809

Hlennius 2422

Ceutroiintus 2422

Index,

2903

Page.
295
295
267
209
i4, 256, 261
262
261
269
267
215
283
270
268
253
291
1475
294
280
294
263
291
293
294
293
295
292
299
285
1475
1475
1475
1475
2839
1135
1411

46r)

1411
340
110

1411
191

188(1

1887
608, 282(i
610
610
600
611
609
32
931
931

93:;

2869
, 2422, 2869
2422
2422

Pago.

alectrolophus, Gunnellus 2422

Aledon 1753

capensis 1754

atoreri 1754

AlepoB 015

Alepidosaums 504

(Caulopus) borealis. 507

(Caulopus) poeyi ... 506

(Canlopna) serra 597

alepidotum, Gobiosoma 2250

alepidotus, Chn3todon 966

Derepodichthys 2480

Gobiiia 2259

Lucioblennins 2404

Bhombns 066

Stromateus 066

Alepisaaridm 593

Alepisaurus 504,2826

SDsculapins 595

altivelis 506

aznreuB 595

boroalis 596

fexox 595

serra 597

AlepocephalidtD 451

Alepocephalua 452

ugassizii 453

bairdii : 454

macropterns 458

productuB 452

teiiebrosas 453

Aleposomns 459

copei 459

alentenais, Acipenaer 104

Lyconectes 2444

Aloutera 2860

iileutianus, Sebastodca 1795

alentica,Raja 75; 2751

aleiiticuB, Cottua 1957

Alewife 426

Alowi^'es 424

alexandri, Aciponser 105

alexandrini, Orthragoriscus 1754

Alexnrus 2202

armiger 2S03

Alflone 1507

Alfoncino 1107

Alfonsiii a Casta Cumprida 844

Larga 844

Alfonaines 844

Algansoa '. 211

antica 245

bioolor 245

dagesi 211

foriiiooa 246

ob«Ba 246

T'ago.

Algaiiaea salbri 212

tnrascorum 2706

tincella 211,2796

nIgt'rinnHis, Uasterosteua 748

Algoina 212

amara 215

fluviatilia 215

alia, Labras tantog* 1570

aliala, Acanthunia 1694

Tenthis 1693

alici.-e, Leuciacna 236

Sciualius 236

alioiolus, Trachurua 904

Alilonghi 871

alipes, Salmo 509

Salvelinua alpinuH 509

alloghaniensia, Salino 507

alleterata, Gy lunosarda 869

alleteratuB, Scomber 869

allidna, Merlucius •. 2531

Alligator Gar m

Alliiiectea 2866

alliteratiis, Euthynnua 869

OrcyuuB 860

All-Mouth 2713

Allochir 2120,2131,2135

AIloBomus 467,473

Allunis 2129, 2131, 2136, 2866

alin:;ida, Bolone 715

TyloBunis 715

Almojero, Mojarra 1294

Alopecias vulpes 45,46

alopecias, Squaliis 46

Alopiaa 45

macrourua 46

vulpea 45

AlopiidiT! 45

Alosa 427,2810

alabamic 2810

apicalis 420

bisliopi 430

cyanonoton 427

lineata 426

ineiibaden 432

prtnstabilia 428

Bapidisainia 427, 428, 2810

teres 420

alosoirtes, Amphiodon 413

Hiodon 413

Alpheatea 1164

aler 1164

chloropteriis 2854

inultigattatiia 1165

alpinua, Salmo 500, 514

Salmo, nivalia 500

Salvelinua 508

\\\...

I"'

It:'

;,
I 1

;!'*i i

I

■ "I

liSil

2904

Index,

Page.

alirinus, Salveliuus alipea 500

arctnrns 510

aureoliis 511

stagnalis 510

Alpisroaris 533

riaso 537

alta, Cliola 322

Macdonaldia 2826

alter. Atiuga minor (irbicularis 1749

alternans, Scams . 1651

alternata, Perca niitchilli 1133

alticolas, Catostomus 179

Alticus 2396

altifrons, Horos 1538

altipiuna, Bolone 717

altipinuis, Albnrncllim 287

Micropogou 1 464

Minnilus 287

Notropis 287

altivelis, Alopisauriis 596

AuchcnopteniH 2370

Creninoliates 2371

SebaBtolobiis 1763

altus, IJubaliclithys 1 65

CUorinoinus 899

Hudaouiim 322

Hybopsis 321

Oligoplites 899

PriacaiithuH 1240

Psendopriacanthiis 1239

alusis, Murajiia 403

aluta, Bairdiella 1437

Sciicna 1438

alutaceuB, Acrocheiliis 208

Alutarius amphacaiitlius 1720

macracanthua 1720

oblitcratus 1720

Aliitera 1717,1718,1720

cineroa 1720

cusplcanda 1718

giiiithoi-iana 1720

mou(i((>r()8 1 720, 2860

picturata 1719

punctata 1718, 1719

schiipHi 1718

acripta 1719

Aluterea 1717

berardi 1720

pareva 1710

Aluterus angiiiosus 1720

c\iitifroiis 1718

liolbrooki 1718

venoBus J710

alutuB, Apogon 1 1 10

Apogonlclithys 1110

Sebaatodea 1700

Page.

Alvarins 1099

fontioola 1105

lateralis 1099

al veata, Trygonorhina es

alvordii, Cottua 1952

AlvordiuB 1028,1029,1030

"spro 1033

orassuB 1034

ovides 1037

macroceplialiis 1031

macnlatus 1032, ]034

neviaeiiais 1034

phoxocoplialus 1031

spillinani 1039

variatus io34

Mvsia 5fi8

loricata 509

amabalia, Albuinollna 291

Alburnua 291

MiniiiluH 291

Notropis 291

aniara, Algoiua 215

Hybognathus 215

Aiuarilla, Chopa isgf,

Guativoie 1144, 1145

iSaliiioiiete g.'io

Aniariliaa, Alojaira de las Alotas. . . 1376

Aiiiarillo, Cibi '. 919

I'iirgo 1200

Ifonco 1303

aiiiaru.'", Ilndaoiiiiis 270

Hybognathus 215

Notropis hudaoiiiuH 270

ama?:oniea, SciiiMia 1419

aniazonicns, iTohniiis 1419

anibassis, Sargua 1340

Ainber-fiah, Great 903

Amber-flshes goi

Amber Jack ; 903

ambiguuB, Lut.janus 1272

Merlucciiis 2iJ30

Mesopriou 1272

Neoma;ni3 1271

Amblodon I4b3

ImbaluB 16'>

concinnus 1484

grunuiens 1484

linoatus 1484

ueglcctuB 1484

niger IfiO

saturnua .. 1456

Ambloplites 98!)

Interruptus 991

poraotis 989

rupestrls 990

cavifrona .... 090

Index.

2905

Page.

amblops, Ceratiihthys 321

Hybopnis 320

Nocoinia 321

Rutilus 321

AinblygobluH 2210

Aiiiblyopsida) 702

A inblyopsia 706

spelii'us 706

iimblyopsis, Ciiliua 2200

Elootris 2199,2200

Amblyopus bnisiliensis 2264

. brevis 2263

mexicaiius 2264

ponuimis 2265

sagitta 2263

Aniblypomaceiitma 1549

aiublyrliyucbus, Caranx 913

ileiuicuraux 912

Amblyscion 1420,1421

argentriis 1421

aniboinensis, BalisU's 1704

A luoiuruH 135, 136, 139

bolli 140

catiis 138

dugesi 138

(lugcwii 2789

erebeuiius 139

lacustris 137

lupus 137

uiarnioratus 141

melus 141

luispilliensis 141

Datalis 139

nobulosus 140

catulus 141

niainoratua 141

uigrilabris 142, 2789

okeecbobeensis 138

plalyiephalus 142

vulgaris 140

xautbucephalus 141

American Eel 348

Perch 1023

Piko PiTcbes 1020

Sliad 427

Smelt 523

Solo 2700

Solos 2693

iimcricana, (Jberua 1100

Liu'ioperca 1022

i^Iauta 93

Morono 1134, 1135

Morrhua 2540, 2541

IVTta 1024, 1135

liaia 69

Scorpa'ua 2023

3030 105

Page.

americana, Stilbe 250

Tautdga 1579

ainericautis, Abrainis 250

Acauthias 54

Alburuus 1475

Auiiuodytos 833

Anipluprion 1139

Apogoiiiclithys 1107

lialistes 1707

Bbntiiua 2457

Care liarias 47

Cy priiius 250, 251, 1475

' Enchelyopus 2457, 2555

E(|uc8 1490

Esox 626

lucius 026

HiMuitripterus 2023

Ilililioglos.siia 2612

lIi8tio])hurua 891

Labrax 111)5

Labriis 1579

LeucoaDiniia 250

Lopbiiis 2714

Lucius 626

Meiit icirrbus 1474

Noti'iiiigonus 251

Odoutaspis 47

Potroniyzon 10

Phycia 2555

Platycopbalua 2029

Pleurouectea 2647

Polyucnius 830

Poly prion 1139

I'seiuloplouriiiiootes . . . 2647

Squalua 47

ametbystinua, Saliuo 505

ametbystiims-punctiitus, M auro-

licus 577

Amia 112,1100

calva 11;!

laiiina 113

cinerea 113

iiumaciilata 411

lentiginosa 113

iiiariiKirata ]13

occcUitauda 113

occideutalis 113

ornat a 113

pi(luot,tii 113

•eticulata 113

rotro.sella 1109

aubcicrulea 113

thonipaoui 113

Amia viridis 113

Amiatua ■. 113

Ain'icbtbys 1113

diapterua i;i3

i'

if

2906

Index.

Page.

Aniildo; 112

Aniitra 2138

lipnrlna 2138,2139

Ainitrichtbya 2139, 2141

Ainitriuin 2106

AniiiiruB 135

wliirua 140

albidiiB 138

bolli 140

borualis 137

bruobj'acaiithus 141

brunneus 142

catiis 141

caudifurcatus 135

oragini 141

furcatus 134

lophius 138

iiieridiooalia 135

uatalis analis 140

nigrilabriH 142

niveiventria 138

obcsus 141

pondcrosus 137

proMtliistius 139

puUus 141

vulgaris 140

Ammoccetes 9

icpyterus .; 11

aureus 13

bicolor 10

borealis 11

branchialis 14

oibariua 13

coiicolor 11

niger 14

tridentatus 12

unicolor 10

AmmocoptuB 9

Ammoorypta 1061

asprella 1061

beanii 1064

gelida 1064

pellucida 1062

pellucid a clara 1063

vivax 1063

vitrea 1065

ammocryptus, Tetrodon 1735

Amoiody tea 832

alascanus 832, 2842

americanua 833

aureus 13

dubiuB 832

peraoaptua 833,2841,2842

septipinuia 2842

tobianuB 2841

1

. t

Page.

Aminody tos vittatus 8">:i

Amniody tidai 8;ji

Aiuniody toidei 781, SH

AnimopIeuropB 27ii i

amuiUUH, AlbumelluB 2!m;

Notropis 2!tii

Amore guuco 22::i

pixuiua 220 1

aiuorea, Gobiua 22(il

AinorphocephaluH ItiT

graiiulatus lUl'.i

aniphacanthua, alutariua IT'.'h

Amphiodou 412,41::

alosoidoa 41:;

ampbiodon, Hyodon 41:;

Ampbioxi Z

AniphioxuB :i

lauceolatuB :t

ampbioxya, Monacauthua 1717

Faeudomouacautbus ... 171 7

Aiuphiprion americauus IDii

matejaelo 84.i

AmpbiatichuB 15n:!

agasaizi 150'j

argenteua 1503,15(14

beernianui 1504

aimilis 150 1

aniplexicollis, Sarotbrodua ItiT i

amplua, Scurua Kili j

Tetrapterus 89J

ampullaceus, Ophiognatbus 4oi:

Saccopharynx 40ii

Anablepina) 632

Anableps 684,2807

dovii 685

Anacanthini 782,252k

Anacautbua 8L'

Auacyrtus guatemaleuBia 33K

anagallinua, Lepomis 1004

anale, Ditreina 1501

analigutta, Pomacentrua 1554

analia, Amiurus uatalis 140

Caranx 927

Centriderniicbtbys 20i:!

Clinocottus 2012

Conger 356

Eupouiaceotrus 1554

Holcoiiutus 1501

Hyperproaopon 1,501

Hy pocriticbtbya 1500, IHOl

Lutjauua 1267

Meaoprion 12Cli

Keoniajnis 12Cr>

Notacnutbus 615

Oligocottua 20Ki

Ii',

Index.

2907

I

Page.

malia, Ophisoina 350

OrtliragoriHciis 1754

Poiuacontrus 1555

Sc.vris 932

Uniliriiia 1408

iiialofjiis, Abudefiliif ]50;i

Ei>iiio|ilieliiH 1152

Euschistodim 1563

KyphosuB 1385

J'imolupterup l.'tHfi

inalostaDa, Cliola "JT!)

(Jypiiiiella 270

iinalostaiiiis, Lcuciscii.s 279

Notrojii.s 279

V iinrliicliadidic 2445

.Vnarhicbas 244.">

latit'rons 2440

lupus ^447

Vnannostus 1291

Auarrhichan deuticulatus 2446

karrak 2440

Icopardiis 2440

niaciilalus 2446

minor 2440

orientalis 2447

pautli(>riuus 2440

8ti'i<i;oBUH 2447

vouierinus 2447

A uarrliichthyiuaj 2445

Anarrliichtliys 2447

felis 2448

ocellatus 2448

iiiiasimos, Acipenser 106

iiiicepa, Cottus ( Acanthocottus) 1973

Plesioperca 1039

Auchisonius 1729

augusticeps 1731

caudk'iuctus 1742

gpoinetrious 1736

reticularis 1735

Aiichoa pelada 436

Anchovia 449,2815

macrolepidota 449

Sardinella 429

anchovia, Clupea 429

Aucliovies 439,448

Silvery 439

Anchovy, California 448

Striped 443

A nchybopsis 243

A ncistrua 160

chagresi 160

Vnclyopsetta 2034

dendritica 2633

\ nclyopsetta dilecta 2636

I Pajje.

AnclyopsPtta quadrocellata 'J635

I Ancvludou 1416

ancylodon 1410

.jaciilidunH 1410

|iarvi]iinniH 1399

ancylodon, I.onchuriis 1416

SiiKcnichtliys 1416

andrt'ii', KhinoMcopelurt 509

S( opcliis 569

StciuibrachiuH 509

andrei, (iobius 2218

Pomadasis 1332

PrJHtiponia 1332

Anged 414

Angel r>lack 1679

Angel tisli 58,1608, 1084, 1085

Angel Sharks 58

Angelichthys 1084, 2859

ciliiiris ](i,-<4, 1085

1080

1685

5!)

1720

2713

2713

2l>97

loiloi us

isabelita

angelus, S(iuatina

anginosns, Alutei'us

Angler, ( Jonuiion

A Mglers

anglortini, Lumpna

anguirorniis, Opliichthys (Spbage-

brauchus)

angiiiforniia, Si)liai;ebranclius

Anguilla

aterrima

blepli ura

374
374
347
348
348
chrys.viia ;!48, 2801

oubana

latieaiida

lutea

no v;r terras

nova'orlcanensis ..

ocean ica

punctatissinia

rostrata

tonuirostris ...

toxana

tyrannus

wabashensis

xanthonielas

anguilla, Anguilla rostrata.
Ictalurus

348
348
348
348
348
355
348
348
348
348
348
348
348

348

2788
anguillaris, lilennius 24:!0. 2457

(lunnellns

Lunii)en)is

Stiiliieus

Zoarces

A n g u i 11 i d a' e

anguillifonni.s. Pbolidicbthys

2430
2430
2430
2457
340
2405

am

■fws

i J:

'\0

m

"

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

/

^^^4^1^

1.0

1.1

1.25

I

1^128 12^
m Uii 122

S Its |2jO

Photographic

Sciences

Gorporalion

^^.^^

^.^"

as WKT MAIN STRII7

WnSTIR.N.Y. MStC

(716)I71<4S03

■^

4^

Wm^

u I

/■

i I-

-I
'1 I

! s C

Y

1

2908

Index.

Page.

nngnina, Mnrrnna 390

niigiiiiieiis. Clilaiiiydosolacbiifl 16

XtTophis 774

•iiguliitT, Jlcros 1517

iiii;:ulik'i'iini. (.'iohlasoina 1517

aii-fustii, Miilthu'a 2738

aiifjnstict'iis, Hcloiie 712

( 'oregouns 466

Sjihu-Toidcs 1731

Tetrtitlon 1731

Tvlosiiriis 712

aiigiistiileiiH. Miicrostonia 555, 2826

angiistif'rons, iH^riiuitoli'iiiH 1159

StTramiH 1159

atifjiistiis. l'latycei)lialii.H 2029

Afiil '. 1193

Anisarrliiia 2435

iiit'diiis 2436

Aiiisucha'toiloii 1672

Anisotmuus 1314, 1315, 1318

bicolor 1319

bilineatiis 1319

Cicsius 1316

davidsonii 1321

dovii 1317

iiitorruptus 1319

piiOilici 1316

siap.iliris 1320

seiTuLi 1323

spleuiatuB 1321

Biir'iiiinienitlH 1:J18, 1319

interrup-

tuB 1319

ticniatus 1322

triliiieatus 1320

viiginleuH 1322, 1323

anisiiruin, !Moxostoma 100,196

aiiisiirus, Oatoatotnus 190

anna-carullna, Mugii'iniorus 410

aunii', A<;onus (Hrarhy psis) 2043

CottiKs I960

aiiuiilariH, Ceutnipri.sles 1214

Nanclorus 900

I'oinoxiH 987

Si'rraiiiiH 1214

aiiiuilata, Melaiiura 624

aiiiiulb^iim, ExoglosHtim 327

anniilatii'<, Aiiteunaiiiis 2725

Splieroides 1735

Spbivroides polUim 1736

teatudineuM 1736

Tetrodon 1736

anogcims, Notropis 259, 26U

anoli.s, Saiirim 535

aniimala, Uekaya 2277

iiiioiualmii, CainpoHtoma 205

Pag.-

anoiiialuB, Caulolatilus 2277

Rutiliis 2(ii:

Anop!a«oniis 2088, 2089, 209:.

incrmis 20ii|

Aiioplarchiis 24'.' i

alectrolophns . 2421, 2422, 2K(i.i

atropurpiireua 2422. 24'J

cristagalli 24'J

piiriiureacens 241':;

Anoplogaster 8:i'i

<ornutus H4II

A uoplogaatriiia; aiin

Auoplupoma 18iii

fimbria 2801, I8tij

iiK-rlangua isiij

Aiio]ilopomatid.a) 18(; i

Anoplopoinatinai isfil

anoploa, AslroscopuH 23('s

I'raiioscopus 23UH

anoplus, Agnus 2308

Astroacopiis 230s

Anopaua 7

AuosmiuB... 1741

Antaceus lo,'i

aiitt'ceHsor, Gasterosteua Oon

A utennariida* 271 .'>

Antunuariua 27 1 7

aniiulatiia 27'J.^

corallinuH 27L',''>

Iiistrio 2716,272:1

inops 271H

leopardiniis 2721

marmuratim 2717

multiocullatiia 2724

nuttiiigii 272:i

ocollatiia 2721

plouroplitalinua 2722

principis 271!)

radlo.>iua 272.'>

reticiilaria 27111

aaiigiiiiKMia 27LM

Bcaber 2722

strigatitB 27'.'i)

teuebrosiiH 2711)

teniiitllia 2721

tigria 272:i

antounatiiB, Chiloinycterus 17.'i(l

Diodou 1750

AuthiiW 12JI1

a<|uilouariH 1283

aaperiliiigiiis 1227

caballerote 1257

olienia 1 1 "i7

f'oniioBiia 130 ;

f urciler 122J

jocu 125H

.•U

iiSifffif

Index.

2909

Anthias miiltifasciatna.
ooiilatus

pernanus

(Hermianthias) periianim

qiiartus ronileleti ,

rabirubia

naponaceua

Htriatus

trifurcus

vivarius

Antbiina)

nnthraoinus, Acipetiscr

antica, Algausea

anticna, Leucas

AntigoDia

capros

muUeri

Antigoniinw

nntillaims, Conodon

:intillar';ni, Caranx

Chilomycterus

Sicj-fliuni

Taliamania

Antiiiiora

microlepifl

viola .,

nntiqiiorum. Hippocampi' a

aiitiq UU8, Hipporampua ,

aiitiatius, Chajnobryttua

nntoniensis, Pimelodua

Antonino

antroatomus, Idiacaiithua

Aodon

hypoatomuB

A odontidiB

A pel tea

qiiadracua

apeltea, Gnateroateua

ApeltiiitD

ai>er, Labrua

A plianopinffi

Aphanopua

minor

Aphododerua cookianaa

A phoriatia

atricanda

diomedeana

elongata

faaciata

margiuata

nebulosa

ornata 2

pJgra

plagiusa

piiailla

Apli redoderidto

rage.
1226
128.'!

122:1
122:J
1206
1270
12:!2
1157
1202
1224
ll.'il
106
245
245
16f.4
1605
1605
1663
1324
921
1749
2206
455
2544
2545
2:44
776
776
092
140
9119
005
91
92, 2756
2756
752
752
752
743
1586
885
885
885
787
2704
2708
2711
2707
2710
2706
2712
1 07, 2710
2706

2710 I

271 1
785

Page.

Apliredoder"fl 780

gibtiosiia 787

aayar.us 7h6

Ajtliyoninic 24!I9

Apliyoiiiis 05.J.-,

inolliH 2525

apia.Tiri;ti 1174

apiariiis, Petrometcipon 1142

Saramia 1142

ai)iatu.s, Lepoiiiis 91)8

apicalia, Alosa 429

Cliipea 42!)

Ecliciu'is ;>2(i8

Sardiiiella 420

Ap'onichtbys 2702

lilet'kt'ri 270;(

diimerili 2703

nebiiloHua 2703

uiiicolor 2702

Apleiiiou ^. 1010

pottaii iok;)

Aplitea 1010

Aj.locheillia 032; 2827; 2828; 2830

•lovii 2828, 28.30

Aplodiiiotinio i;t;)7

Aplodinotus 14H3

griiiiiiiens 1434

Aplnrua 879

simplex 880

Apocliciliclit bys 633, 2S27

Apocope 308, .'iOO

carringtoiiii ;n2

couesli ;ii()

benabavii 312

iiubila 311

osciila 309

vontricosa 309

V iilnerata 312

apoda, I'erca 12,59

Plenronecteh 2701

A podea 344

Apodiibtliys 241 1

Jiavidus 2411

fucoruni 2413

inornahis 2412

aangdiiieiis 2412

univittatus 2412

violaceua 2427

viresceiii 2412

Apodoiitia 873

apodiiH, Noomiciiia 1258

Apogon 1106

aintua 1110

atricaiidiis 28.''(3

bliiotattia 1 1 09

dovii II08

imliiibiH 1107

■';■■■; '*■

. £'i«iet:y£^u^^il»;^

Lif-\..:.-^Jr-.£\-!iss^i^-u

vi

ii

i

■-^'nii^^*^ wfiP'^pw^jsjiiSwsiwif^fgt^

Hi

\ -I

i\

2910

hidex.

Page.

Apoy:<)ii inaciilatus 1109

pigmen taring 1109

rotrosellii 1108

rex-iiiulloriini 1107

ruber 1107

Ain)goniclitliys 1110

alutus 1110

americaniis 1107

puncticulatiis 1111

Btelliitus., 1110

Apoinotis 995

chii'todon 995

cyanellus 990

iH(!hy nis 997

iiiiiriiiiis 996

obesuB 993

pbonax 997

piinctatiis 997

syninietriciiM 998

apos, Giiniiellus 24:i0

append ic iilatiis, Centropomus 1119

Exorretus... 730

appendix, Lepo'.iiis 1005

Petrnniyzon 10

approxir ms, Polydartylus 829

Polyneinus 829

Poinadasys 1333

Triohidion 829

Aprion 42,1279

ariommiis 1278

raacrophtbalmus 1280, 1281

aprl(in, Correa 1373

Apriunodon 42

JRodon 42

Aprodon 2460

corte/.ianuH 2461

Apsicephalus 1729

Apsilua 1278

dentatus 1278

Aptericbtliys 373

selacbop* 374

Aiiteriirus 91

apua, Hodianiis 1174

Kplneplioltis 1159

Mytteroperca venenosa 1173, 1174

Sorranna 1158

apiiB, Ceiitroiiotus 2430

riatytrocton 458

aciuas-dulcia, Gyinuotboiiix 391

Mura>na 391

liabula 390

Aiiuavipa 1204

a(|iiilonai'is, Aiitbia.s 1283

Etelis 1283

adi^nnus. ?b!Uronectea 2660

Uboinbus 2660

Page

arabatsch, Salmo 46

arabicus, Chanos 41,

aracanga, PsendoscaruB l&i

Scarus 1642,104

Sparisoma 1C4'

ara>a, A t herina 79. 1

armopns, CatoHtomus 1 T'j

Pantosteiu ITj

Aramaca 267' )

papillora 207 i

soltitefortnis 2C7.'

aramaca, Citharichtbys 207 _'

Ucniirbonibns 2(i7:j

Pleuronectes 2f,7J

Rhombus 2626, 'je:.'

arangoi, Chaerojulis 15'J7

Araril, Bonaci int

arara, HaMnulon i3u(j

Rouco I30t

Serranus 1159, 117J

aratus, Lut janus 127 (

Mesoprion 1274

Xeomannis 127:)

Arbaciosa 2340

eoa 234:i

bunieralis 2:!4i

rbeasodon 2340

rupestris 23il

zribra 2341

arcansanum, Etheostoma zonale 107n

aroansauus, Notropia teleacopus 292

arcbidium, Bairdiella 1432

Elattarcbua 143!

Odontoscium 14:.'2

Arcbistea 19oo

plnraariaa 1900, litoi

Archocentrus 1514, 1515, 1525

Arcboperca 1169, 1171

A i-L'bopli tea !»9o

interniptus it'.n

Arcboaargua 1358,1359, 131' 1

ariea 13til

pourtalcaii i;!(io

prDbatocepbalna 1361 , i;ti!2

trideiiH I3(lo

iiniinat'ulatna 1359, 13<lii

Arobosion parvipinnia lli'.i'.i

remifer 1 3!i'.i

Arctic Flouudor 20 i!i

(irayliug 517

Sculpin Iii7 ;

arctioa, Llparis 21"!

arcticum, Bentbosenia 574

aroticns Cbironectea 27 1 7

Salmo 521

arcticua Scopclaa 574

4.^.

Index.

2911

Page.

nrctifrons, Calamna 1355

Citharichtbys 2683

Arctoscopus 22117

jnponicas 2297

Arctozenus 601

boreulis 601

coriiscans 601

arctam, Siphostonia 771

arcturus, Salnio 510

Salveliiiii8 alpiniiB 510

arcnata, Hf.rengula 431

arcuatum, Ditrenia 1502

Ha;miiIoii 1305

Hyperprospon 1502

arcuatus, Bathygadus 2564

Chaetwlon 1680

Hyperprosopon 1502

Foraacantlius 1679,1681

ardena, CatostomiiH 179

H.> psilepis 301

Leuciscus 301

Minnilus 301

Notropis iimbratilia 301

ardeola, Belone 713

Tyloaurns 7i')

ardcHiaca, Gila 237

ardeaiacua. Leponiis 1006

Squaliaa 237

arenata, Umbriiia 1474

arenatua, Arius 132

Priacantbiia 1237, 1238

Rhinichthya 308

Rypticus 1232

nrenicola, Fieraafer 2496

Gillellua 2299

arenonna, (iadua 2541

nrsaluH, Bclono 713

arge, Alburn<3llua 294

Kuhlia 1014

Notropia 294

argeniata, Ciliata 2559

Couchia 2559

Motella 2559

argeiitatua, Aatyanax 336

G aidn ipsariia 2559

MorlmciiiB 2,530

Plargyrua 283

Tttragonoptenis 336

■irgf'iitea, Batliyolnpea 835

CliiniBira 95

Muricna 348

Selene 930

Sphynena 826

Steindachneria 2568

argenteum, Ditreiuu 1504

Page.

argentenm, Hyperproaopon 1502

puucta-

turn .. 1502

argenteiia, Amblysciun 1 421

Ainpbistu hus. 1503, 1.504

Centronotiia 899

Diplodiia 1363

Kucinoatomiia 1371

Gerrea 1371

Hyi)erprosopon 1501, 1502

Ichthyomy/.oii 11

Larimus I.i21

Leuciacns 221

Micropogon 1463

Pagriia 1357

Petroinyzon 11

Pinielodiia 125

Sarchirua 110

Sargua 1363

Sparna 1357

Synodua 411

Tracbinotua 944

Tracliyuotiia 944

Tricbiiinis 889

Argentina 525

Carolina 410

gliiaaodonta 411

uiocbuata 410

menidia 443

pennanti 577

pretiosa 525

alalia 526

ailiia 526

atriata 526

ayrtensium 626

Argentinea 525

Argentinidas 519

argentiuua, Pimelodua 135

argentipinnis, Rhombua 966

argentiaaimaa, Gaatero.stena 747

Plagoptcrua 329

argentlTentria, Lutianus 1261

Lutjanuu 1261

Mesoprion 1261

Keoina'nia 1260

argenti vittattia. Tbynniit: 871

arsiiTitoaa, Dionda 215

Argo 957

argiia, Mura'na 401

PliMironeetea 2066

Squaliia 26

Argyrea 796

Ai gj'reioaua 935

gabononaia 935

pacitlcuB 936

i.. ^:. l.i

1 -.■■
}■ ' •

PT

IP

•^'TlT^W^^V^^^rr^iWrl!^

t

A

V

l-JJ .
i

'II

2912

Index.

Page.

Argyreiosiis sctipinnis 934

unininculiituH 934

vomer 936

argyreiosus, Leti'-osomus 224

Pojioniclitliys 224

Syiiinn'truriis 224

Argy reus 30."i

(lulcis 307

iiiiHiitns 300

ii()tal)ili8 309

nubilns 311

OHCiiliiM 309

rubripiniiis 282

argyreus, Fario 480

Lepiduiius 887

Salnio 480

Argyrio.sis ra])illari8 936

spixii 936

triacniitlms 936

Argyriosus bmvoorti 936

iilaincnlusiis 936

iiiaiiric);i 936

iiiitchilli 936

si'tilVr 036

argyritis, Ilybogiiutlius 214

Argyrle]>es 915

A rgyroi'ottus 109.'i

zaiidori 1905

iirgyrolouca, JJainlidla 1434

Corvina 1434

argyroleiicuH, liodiaims 1433

argyroinclas, Si'i'iola 950

Argyropelecus 603

durvillii 0l!4

heniigyumus 604

olfcrsi 604

argyrophamis, EngriiuUs 445

StoloplioniB 444

argyropomus, Oaslerostnus 748

Argyrops caprinim 1345

argyrops, Sparus 1346

argyrosoma, Daiiialiclitbys 1510

EnibiotDca 1510

Argyrosoiims 467

alrtscniius 2817

artedi 408

sisco 469

hoyi 469, 472

laurt'ttm '71,2817

1 iCiduH 470

iiigripimtis 472

osinerit'orniis 468

prognatbiia 471

pusillus 470

tullibee 473

UissolU 473

Page

argyrosonms, Damalichthys ISO'.i

Argyrotieiiia 8;t'j

vittata 8'J.':

argyrurus, Coryplia'na 05:>

argyrns, Piraeludim 13')

arieH, Arcliusargus Kifll

Sargiis Kid:'

arioides, Bagriis 111.:

arioinnuH, Aprioii 127-

Minuilus 2iiii

Notropis 2'Jii

Photogeiiia 29(»

Anopsia Hi)

Ariosunia 353

Ariua llii

alatus 1-"'

aronatus \'.\'i

assiinilis 1 29, 277 1

brandtil 122,275s

cu'rukacens I'JO

dasyceplialiia i:!n

do wi 1 'J'l

diibiiiM r.'T

elattiiniK I'Jt^

emphyselus 12'.'

iMUjestris I'JS

iolis I'Js

flssns l.'il

davesceiis 12M

fiirthii 132

grandicawais 12f)

guatenialoiisis I'Ji)

herzbergii 12."!

Iiypophtlialmiis 1 3:!

insculptua 127

keaaleri 127

laticcpa 132

Imiiacntia 1-5

iiiobino|)us 132

mca()])a 123

luilbortl 12K

niultiradiatiia 133

nncbalis .' 131

oscitia 127

parkori l2ii

paaaaiiy 124

jdirygiatim 131

plaiiioepa 127

l>lutypogon 127

piiiicticiilatua 131

q uadriacutis 12fi

rngispinia 130

aeoiuani 128

aeeinaiini 2772

atrli'ticasaist 126

aurinamensia 13U

M

Index.

2313

ArliiB teniininckii 123

valoueieiinesi 124

variolosus i:)2

arizonic, PantostciiB 170

Arliiia 1054

ntriiiiniiis 1051

effulgens 1058

nrlinctonia, GanibiiHia 652. 2828, 2829

arliiifrtoiiiiiH, Fnn<)ulii8e. 652

aniiata, Bairdiolla 14liG

Corviiia 1437

armatna, Aspiiloplioius 2067

ContridPrinichtliys 2012

Centropoimis 1123

Serraniis 1165

anniger, Alexiinis 2203

Arnillo 1278

amillo, Mesoprion 1270

Tropidinius 1279

Arnillos 1278

ariiilhis, Liitjaniio 127!)

Arnojjlosaus fliiibriattiH 2677

ventralis 2670

Aroidei 119

A rotlinui 1738

erethizon If39

Arrow-tootlied Halibut 2609

artedi, Argyrosomus 468

Hisco 469

rolyiiemiis 828

Artediellus 1905

atlanti(Mis 1906, 2862

paciticiis 1906

imcinatus 1903, 1900

ArtediiiB 1902, 2862

asperulus 1903, 2802

fenestralis 1900

lateralio 1902

pugetensiH 1G90

quadrisHi iatns 1897

artosiff, Etheostonm 1094

Pcecllichthys 1094

arnbensis, I'a'tilia vanderpolli 69(i, 2834

aniiidiuac<Mi8, Syngnathns 765

ascauii, Salino 509

Silns 526

AscelichtbyintB 1883

A scellchthys 2024

rliodorus 2025

ascendens, Siphostoiua 768

Syngnathns 768

aHceuiiioniB, Carau x 925

EpinephcJns 1154

Holocentrus 848

rufiis 849

Perca 840

I

Pag.-.

as ensionis, Sc(>inl»er 025

aacita. Mystiis 155

ase'luM, Cheilicbtbys 1740

Aserai;g()(b'8 2694

aaper, Centridermit lithyH 1944

Cottuaj 1944

Diodon 1744, 17.52

Exerpcs 2367

llcxa;:ranim<)!« 1872

Macnirns 2572

Ploiiroiu'ctcs 2645

aspera, Linianda 2645

I'ranidoa 1944

asperilinguis, Antbias 1227

Odontantbia^ 1227

asperriniua, Baliatea 1706

Myliobatis 2754

asjiersua, Epinepheliis 1154

Serraniis 1153

aspcriiluB, Arlediiis 1903

Aspliidorus (luadrii^ornis 2041

A spicottus 1937, 1938

bison 1938

aa])idiib>pis, Cbii'tostonms i,59

Iluniiauciatrns 159

Ahi idopboroides 2088

bartoni 2092

graMilandicua 2092

giintluri 2090

inciniis 2093

nionoptoryghm . 2091,2092

olriki 2089

tranijuobar 2092

Aspidoplioroidinu", 2033

Aapidopborua 2064

acipdnaerinua 2062

armntim i:067

catai)bri'.ctti8 2067

chilocnairt 2069

dccagnniia 2054

dodecai'drua 2040

europa' us 2067

liai/.a 2036

ninbirnioidcs 20.54

niger 2069

])rob(iscidalia 2038

rostratiia 2048

apinosisainina 2054

anpcrcilioHiia 2030

aapidurua, Uroloplitia 81

Aspiator ,. 2763

liuiiat'iitia 2763

Aapianrus 1689

aaprella, Aniinocry pta 1061

Cryatallaria 1061

aaprellns, Ktl '<M)stoina 1061

■■; t

i t^

'i

If '
'■i

IH

M'-i^

ii r

I

,'.'

2914

Index.

Page.

asprelluH, Pleiirolepis 1061

RnduIinuH 1920

nsprigeni.s, PcEcillchthys 1085

aspro, Alvordlu» 1033

Hudroplorus 1032

Percina 1833

AHjjrojierea 1024

zebra 1027

aHsiniilis, Ariiis 129, 2774

Galeiclitliys 2779

HexauL'iualichthya 129

Astatlclithya 1006

caM'uleua 1089

zonalis 1075

asterias, Blenniiis 2383

MusfehiB 29

Urolophiis 82,2752

Asteniopteryx 2420

gunelliformis 2420

Asteriiotremia 780

ini'sotronia 787

Asterospondyli 19

Ast.henurus 2526

atripinnis 2527

astilbe, Stoleplionia 2815

astori, Tchthyoinyzon 12

Lampetrii 12

I'etromy zcin 12

Astracion tricornis 1725

Astrolytes 1898

notoH]>ilotU8 1899

Astrone8thC8 586

barbatns 586

gemmifcr 586

niger 586

richardHoni 587

Astrcnesthida) 580

Astrosoopus 2306

anoplos 2308

anopluB 2303

gnttatiiB 2310

y-gra;cuiu 2307

zephyreiis 2309

Astyanax 333

argeiit.'itus 336

Asyiiimf'tion 4

lucayaniiin 4

ateniatus, Chmtodon 1676

Sarothrodus 1676

atchafalaya), Signalo.sa 2809

atelaspis, Aqipeiiser 106

atcrriina, Anguilla 348

Murasna 396

Thyrsoidea 396

Atliereatbes 2609

stoniiaa 2609

Page.

Atberina 780

arjea 790

boeci 801

brownii 44;i

Carolina 791

harriiigtoneiisis 791

biimboldtiana 793

insularum SO*;

laticeps 79(i

martinica 795

menidia 801

microps 791

mordax 52:i

iiotata 800

stipes 79(1

storeri 807

veliana 790

viridescens 8O11

voinerina 7[i;t

Atber-.r<ella 8ori

crystalliiia 80.".

eriarcha 8I);;

eveniianni Hoi

paiiiniiensis 80.')

Atberiiiicbtbys 792

albns 28:19

brevis 284ii

californieiiflis 8(I7

gracilis 707

grandocuiis 284(i

guatenialensis 801

hnmboldti 79;;

menidia 800

notata 800

paciiylepis 801

AtherinidsB 78S

A t berinoides 792

atherinoidcB, Cbriodorus 719

Clupea 451

Kngranlis 451

Notropis 254, 2<):!

Ftercngraulis 450

Atberiiiops 807

aftiiiis 807

inBalarum 807

regis 808

Atberiiiopsis 800

califoriiicnais 80(1

tennis 802

Atblennes 717

biaus 718

A t imostonia 95ii

Atinga 1750

Atinga alter minor orbicularis 1749

Cbilomycterus 1750

Diotlon 1746

at inga, Guaniaiacu 1749

■imw

Index,

2915

Page.

Atka-flsh 1864

atkiiisi, (iahteroatoiiH biH|>inoHUB .. 748

atlantica, Klauatc 948

I

Embleinana 2402

atlaiiticiiin, Oreoaonia 1063

iitlanticiis, Artcdielliis 1906

Betitliodcsinus 887

Brcginacoros 2527

Callorhyncbus . 95

Dibriiiichus 2743

Epinepholiis 1154

Megalops 409

Neoliparis 2107

Prometbeus 883

Pronietbicbthys 883

Rupiarartes 2397

Siilarias 2397

Spania 1153

Tarpon 40!)

Totraj/oii urns 076

Tliyiinus 871

atomarinni, Spariaoina 1631

atoiiiariiis, Sca> s 1631

Atopoclinus 2376

rin^'eus 2376

Atractoperca 1194

clathrata 1198

Atractosion 1402, 1413

nobilis 1413

Atractostous 109, HI

lucius Ill

tropicus Ill

atramentatua, Sympiiurus 2706

atraria, Penia 1200

Siboina 233

atrarius, Centropristia 1200

IMiiiclodus 140

Serraiius 1200

Squaliiis 233

Xenoniy stax 361

atricauda, Apbori.stia 2708

Hydrarjfira 624

atricandtis, Apogon 2853

Syniphurua 2707

atrilatna, Zygonectea.... 682

atrilobatua, Cbromia 1546

atriinana, Monolene 2692

ati'irasiuia, Caranx 914

Elomicaranx 913

atripes, Ditrema 1507

LythruniM 300

MinniliiH 300

Notropis umbratilia 300

Pbanerodou 1507

atripinnis, Arliua 1051

Astheiiurna 2527

Page.

ntripiiiDia, Breginaceros 2527

Goodea 685

atrocaiidalia, Notropis cayiiga 260

atrocyauens, I'oinacpiitrus 1552

atroinaciilata, Ksox 629

Ktbeostoina 1057

atroniaculatiiH, Cypriiiiis , 222

Seniotilua 222

thorcnui-

aiius .. 223

atronasiia, Cy prinus 307

Kliinicbtbya 307

croceiis . . . 308

luuatus . . . 308

inoleagria. 308

atropurptireuiii, ( )])bidium 2423

atropurpiireus, Aiioplarcbiia 2422,2423

Atropiis 929

atrorubena, Sebastodes 1796

atrovirena, Sebasticbtbys 1798

Sebaatodea 1797

att'. nuata, Vincigurria 577

attonuatuH, ^laurolicus 577

Mcrliiciua 2546

Oaiiiorua 523

attUiia, Acipensor 105

atwowli, Carcluiriaa 50

aiibrioti, Lnt.janua 1271

Auchenioiu'liua 2360

Auchonopterua 2369, 2371

afHiiis 2371

altivelia 2370

asper 2368

faaciatus 2373

intogripiiinia 2372

niarmoratns 2371

nionopbtbalmua 2372

nigripinnia 2369

BOX 2373

aiictorum, Lobotes 1236, 2858

Auctoapina 176.1, 1776, 1817

aiidena, Menidia 798

atiguaticeps, Anoblaonma 1731

Aulastonio iiiarcgravii 757

A iiliacopa 753

apincaceiia 754

aiilisciia. Si pbostonia 767

Aiilopidai 541

Aiilopiia agaasizii 541

Aulorbyiichidii' 752

AiilorhyHclma 753

flavidus 7.54

A iiloatoma 754

cinernum 755

coloratam 755

Aiiloatoiiiidii! *.. 754

■•'I!')

t.;l!

2916

Index.

Anloatnmus

Page.
754

oiiierens 755

mnciiliitim 754,2837

iinriintiitdini, EtbenHtonia KHl

nurnnliaciiH, ltal>8t«^8 1718

Cerataraiithus 1718

Cottoj:a8ter 1041

Hartropterus 1041

Ilypohuiiiiis 1040

aurata, C'liola.. 272

Corjpliaiii 053

Molilalia 272

Saleinia i;i«0

aiiratiim, Printipoiiia ];i24, i;!43"

auratua, Carassiiis 201

Centroponius 1107

201

2542

1145

856

856

250

951

114E

434

434

13

192

Cypriiiiis

GadiiB

ilolocentrua

Mullus

bivrbatus..

Notemigonus

I'senes

Herranus

aiirea, Bre vourtia tyrannu8

Clupea

Lainpetra

aiireoluin, Moxostoma.

a iireol iiH, Catostomus 192, 196

Gerres 1375

Salveliiiii8 alpiniis 511

Xenotis 1003

aureorubor, Scanr 1635

aiirt'oviriilis, Spbyrn'iia 1119

aureus, Ainmoccctes 13

Caranx 923

Chajtodon 1680

Ciiipanodon 434

EuponiotiB 1010

Fuudulus 659

Haplocliilus 659

Heros 1533

I'omacantlius 1680

Sparua 1010

auriiulatus, Sobastodes 1817,1818

■ dallii 1818

anriga, Dules 1220

Monacantbua 1716

Serranus 1221

aurltus, Labrus 1001

Leponiis 1001, 1009

solia 1001

auTofrenatum, Sparisoma 1634

aurofrenatus, Scams 1634

anroguttatns, Zygonectes 654, 2829

aurolineiltuni, Bathyatoma 1310

Page.

auroliiicatuni, Hn-iiiuloii 1310

aurolinpatii.t, DiabaHiH 1309

aaropunctatua, Callyndon W24

Cryptotomua 1624

aurora, Abeona 1497

CapropoiiiiB 1005

CatoatomuH no

Fario 409

Saliiio 493

Sebaatichtliys 1803

Sebaatodea 1802

auroi'ubena, Ceutropriatia 1278

Lntjaims 1278

Mesoprion 1278

llhonibdplites 1277, 1278

aurovittatuB, M esoprion 1276

Ocyru.s 1276

aua^ralu, Ktbeoatoma 1081

Znplicndum 212

auatralia, Bcbeueis 2269,2271

Eaox 628

Icelus 1918

Teuthis 1691

Komilcgia 2270

austrina, Myxostoma 192

austi'inuni, Minytrenia 192

Moxostcnia 102

Auxia 867

roclioi 868

tapeinosonia 868

tbaza rd 867

tbynnoic'eB 868

vulgaris 868

Averruncua 2069, 2864

emmolane 2009

sterleua 2071

averrunciiB, Katiietostoma . 2311

avitus, Chologaster 704

avocotta, Xeiniclithys 369

Avocettina 367

elongata 2802

gilli 2801

infaUB 367,2801

Awa 414

Awaoua . 2234

flavuB 2235

nioxicanus 2237

iielaoni 2235

taiasica 2236

axillare, Priatipoma 1328

axillaris, Boreocottus 1981

Bracliydeuterua 1328

Cottus 1981

Genres 1378

MyoxocepbaluB 1980,1981

Pomadasis 1328

^•v-y r>yr--;^ <i_^_z-'^''-Z

Index.

2917

rage.
1310
1300
1024
1624
1497

inoo

176

4n<t

493
1803
1802
1278
1278
1278
1277, 1278
1276
1276
1081
212
2269, 2271
628
1918
1691
2270
192
192
192
867
808
868
867
868
868
2069, 2864
2069
2071
2311
704
369
367
2802
2801
367,2801
414
2234
2235
. 2237
2235
2236
1328
1981
.. 1328
1981
.. 1378
1980, 1981
.. 1328

Pane.

axinophrya, Xystes 2076

Axyrias 1903, 28U2

harringtoni 1904

aya, Acara 1204

Bwliaiius 1265

Clia'tmloii 1675

Lutjaiiiis 1265

Mesopricii 1264

Noomajuia 1264

Aylopon 1226

juartiniconsis 1228

ayresi, Aoipenser 104

Cout lopiistes 1205

rarophrys 2640

Petroniy zon 13

Ayresia 1545, 1548

punctipiniiis 1548

ayrcsii, Sebastodes 1808

azalea, Runula 2377

Azovia 2677

pananienais 2077

querna 2675

azorica, Corypliii;na 953

Azteca 254,255,258,2799

Aztecula 2799

aztecus, Notropis 258

Aziil, PoHcado 1553

Azules, Pescmlos 1549

azurea, Hernioallla — 1383, 1384

azureus, Alepisaurus 595

Galeichthys 2775

Azurina 154*

hirundo 1544

azuriHsiiuus, Microspatbodou 1570

dors a -

lis.. 1570

Bacalao 1184,1185

bacalauB, Gobiiia

Bacalbao sabara

Bachelor ;-

badiua, Euctonogobius

Fundulua heteroclitus

Gobiua

Kbiiiichtbys

bagre, Ailuricbthys

Felichtbya

Silurna

Bagre Colorado

Sapo

Bagrea de Rio

Bagrua albicans

arioidea

coelestinua

emphysetua

llaveacena

2230

2230

987

2227

2827

2227

308

117

117

117

122

2319

149

124

133

125

122

123

Pago.

BagruH inacrunoniuH 117

lueaopH 1 23

passaiiy 124

]>oineruH 125

proops 121

toiiiininckiiiiiiis r.M

val<Mici(Mii)esi 124

Bithaiiia Lancelct 4

baliaiiieiisis, I'i.scis viriilis UillS

Vulpcs 411

babiaiiiis, .V<^aiithuniH 1093

Teuthis I(i!i3

bahieusis, Cypailuriia 2836

ExocH'tus 739

Felichtbya 118

Galeichthy a 119

Khombiis 2664

liailoyi,,Cy prinodon 675

bailloni, Gasteroatoiis 747

Jiaionc 606

liaiostnina 2694, '.'695

brachiiilia 2698

bairdi, Acipeiisci- 105

Callioujmis 2185

("ottus puncliilatiia 1950

bairdiaiiuiii, Siphostoiiia 765,77(1

bairdiauus, Si)iiyrn'iiops uu

Syngnathua 770

Hairdiella 1432, 1433

aliita

archidiuin ...

arg,vri)leucii .

ariuata

chryaoleuca .

chryaiira

ensifera

iciatia

punctata

roiiclius

bairdii, Alepocephalus.
Bathyinyzon ...

Cottiis

Gastrostoniua . .
Macroiirus

1437

1432

1434

1436

1438

1433

1434

1435

1434

1436

454

9

1951

406

2583

Microspathodoii 1560, 1567

Mitchilliua

Petroniy zon

Poniacentrua

Salmo

Salvelinna

Bajonado

bajouado, Calaniua

Pagellus

Sparus

balantiophthalnius. Scomber .

balao, Hemiramphua 723, 2835

454

9

1567

508

508

1352

1.152,1353

1352

1352

911

:,|;;

!h!,:L

■ ^*i"ijii;^?i4«;^«t

m

2918

Index,

' s

Pace.

naliw.8 718,722,72:1

Imlpiiricn, Confjor-nuiriiiia ;t56

Cong«Tinurti!iui 350

Miirirnn ^50

balearlciiin, OphiHonia SM

haliuH, Chiriis 187;j

HrtliHtf, Lo Jlridi'i 1704

MaliHti's I(i09, 1700, 17U3

ainboiiioiiaiH 17m

ainericauiiB 1707

aspiirriiiiiiH 1700

aurantiacuH 1718

barbat iiH 1720

belliis 170:!

broc<;u8 1716

buniva 1701,1711

capiHtratuH 1704

caprinuH , 1702

capriscus 1701

t'arolinensis 1701

cicatricoflUB 1709

ciliarls 1702

ciliatns 1715

curasHavicus 1709

equt^stris 1702

Ibrtiiiatim 1702

frenatus 1705

fiiligiiiosiiB 1702

jiHttatuB 1702

beckeli 1709

hippe 1705

hispidus .., 1716

kleinei 1720

laniB 1719

libei iennia . 1702

lineo-iniDctatus 1709

linguatula 1720

longus 1707

macrops 1700

macropttirus 1707

inaciilatuH 1707, 1708

melanoptoruH 1707

mento 1710

mitis 1705

nionoceroB 1719, 1720

luuribuixliis 1702

iiaufragium 1700, 1701

iiigor 1711

nigra 1711

nitidiis 1709

notat 118 1709

obloiiginsculiis 1720

oculatiis 1707

oniatiis 1719

piceuH 1711

polylepis 1700

powolli 1702

Pago.

lialiBtcH ]iun(!tata8 I70'j

riiigoiiB 1709, 1711

rul'im 1707

Hchniittii 170,')

srbd'plii 1718

Hcolopax 759

8criptu8 171!t

Herraticoriiis 1720

Bobat'o 17(Mi

spilotoptorygius 170'.'

ttatUaiiieii 1700

tieuiopterua 1702

uiiiconiiis 1720

iiraiitiacuH \718

vetula 170:!

BaliHtidiv 169k

BalleruB 240

balteatuiii, (MiiclilaHonia 1521

balteatuB, Abrainis 2^9

CypriiniiH ( AbraniiB) 230

Eques 1490

Heros 1522

LeuciscUB 238

Poiuacanthus lOSD

BichardBonius 239

ThyiiiiHB 871

Upeiieus 860

banana, Butyrinus 411

GobiuB 2230

Banana-tisb 411

bancrofti, Torpedo 78

Banded Pickerel 626

Sunflslu's 994

Bang 423

baiiksi, Citnia 927

Uaratlir(MleniU8 2517

iiianatiniig 2517

Barathronus 2524

bicolor 2524

barbara;, SipboHt oinn 705

barbata, Brotula 250()

Loricaria 1 58

Pallasina 2049

barbatiila, La>nioneina 2557

barbatiiliiin, La'iuoni'nia 2550

barbatiiiu, Ecbintonia 587

Lyconeina 2474

barbatiiB, Astront-stbes 580

Balistcs 1720

Encbelyopus 2500

Gadiis 2541

Liparia 2118

Loucburus 1482

Mullusnnratus 850

8ipliaguuii8 2050

Barber 1691

Barbeiro 1693, ' "^'.iO

ii :■ ' id

Index.

2919

Trro,

1709,1711

1707

nor)

1718
75!t
171!"
17110
1700
1701:
1700
1702
1720
\718
1701!
169K
240
1521
239
239
1490
1522
238
1680
239
871
860
411
2230
411
78
626
994
423
927
2517
2517
2524
2524
765
2500
158
2049
2557
2550
587
2474
580
1720
2500
2541
2118
1482
856
2050
1691
1. 1693, "^20

Page.

Barbero 1691

NoRro 1092

Barlwso, Congrc 155

Biirbn 829

Barbuda, Lija 17'J0

Burbmlo 150,829

niirbudoB 828,854

Harbiilifer 22<iO

ceiitb<i'OU» 22(iO

papillosum 2261

barbulifer, Khinoliparis 2145

barduft, Minuuuig 171

Bartlsh 987

burkani, Agonus (BrachyopBis) 2044

Barndoor Skate 71

barooiH-tuuUeri, PiiiiolodnH 151

Kbamdia 151

Barnicouta 826

ISarracuda 2841

California 82(5

European 826

Great 823

Nortliurn 825

barracuda, Esox 823

Sphyncna 2841

liarracndas 822

barrattii, Boluosonia 1102

Hololopia 1102

Paicilicbtbys 1102

barreto, Gobloides 2264

Barretoit 2263

bartholonuui, Caranx U19

bartoni, Acaru 1516

Aspidnplioroides 2092

Chiroatoma 793

Cicklasoma 1515

Cylindrosteus Ill

Eslopsarum 284G

Bascanichthya 378

bnflcauium 379

peninsulte 379

Bcuticaris 378

baacaniuni, Bascanichthya 379

Ccecula 380

Baacnn iuB 2704

Baahaw 143

basilaris, HeroB 1532

ISaaking Sharks 50

ItasB, Bayou 1012

Black 1010

Sea 1198

Calico 987

Channel 1453

Common IJock 990

Grass 987

Green 1012

Page.

Bass, Oswego 1012

IWk 989,1397

Rock Sea 1201

Round 988

Sea 1126

Sto'ie 1139

Strawberry 987

Stripe 1 1131,1132

Whitti 1132

White Lake 1132

" Whilti Sea" of California . . 1413

Yellow 1134

Bassogigas 2515

gillii 2515

Hteilit'eroidits 2516

Bassozetiis 2.">07

catena .... .. 2509

I'Oiiipressiis 25U8

nonualis 2507

taniiv 2510

Bastard Halibuts 2024

Margaret 1257

WeakHsb 1406

balabana, Corvula 1430

batabaniis, Jobnius 1431

Larinius M31

Batflsh 89, 2183, 2737

Sliort-noscd 2738

Bat-Fislies 2735

BathyagonuH 2077

nigriplnnis 2078

bathybius, CyniroglosHus 2650

EnibasHichtliys 2655

Histiobranchus 352

Synai)hobranuhus 352

Bathyclnpea 834

argontea 835

Bathyclupeidiii 834

Batliygadina' 2562

Bathygadua 2563

arouatus 2564

ca vernosus 2581

favosus 2565

longifilis 2566

macrop.s 2566

Bathylaco 540

nigricans 540

Batbylagina' 527

BatliylagUB 528

benedicti 529

borealis 2824,2825

euryops 529

milleri 2825

pacilicus 530, 2824

Bathymastor 2288

hypopIectuB 2290

E-J^.i!j~.:^,(:.;

^ ^ j.'^JtivJf.'rO.^^-,:?

< ' '• ! 1

: :i. r- T. ■ z^-:;

2920

Index.

11

m

m

s

^

/)

b 4; i , J

r.^i

n

f. i

Page.

Batl.ymaster jordani 2289

BignatuB 2288

bathymaster, Bre^ruacer'^s 2'<27

Bathymastcridae 2287

Batbymyzon 9

bairdii 9

BatiiyDectes 2507

compreflsua 25U8

laticeps 2523

Bathyonus 2507

compreSBUS 2509

tiGDin 2510

Batby ophis 60 J

ferox 605

Bathypbaama 2128,2864

ovigfirum 2128

batbyphila, Cyclotbone 582

batbypbilum, Neostoma 583

BatbyptcoidiB 544

Bathypt^rois 644

loogipea 546

quadrifllis 545

Bathysaurus 539

agasBizii 540

ferox 539

Batbyseba«tea 1860

Batbyatoma. 1308

aurolineatum 131u

rimator 1308

striatum... 1310

Bathytroctea 454

stoniias 454

Batis 66

Batoidei 69

Batracboidbs 23:4,2868

paoiflii 2314

Hariuamensis 2314

tau 2314

veroullus 2316

variegatus 2316

Batra<5holdidn 2313

BatracbopM 1740

BatracbuB 2314,2315

celatuB 2316

guavina 2IB'^

niagaritatua 2323

paciflci 2315

porosissiiuuB 2321

Burinameusis 2314

tau 2316

beta 2316

pardus 2317

"ariegatuB 2316

Batriotius 2868

battaras, Ortbragorisuuit 1754

Bay Shark 37

Page.

Baya 1176

bayanus, Pomadaais 1331

Bayou BasB 1012

bdelliuD' , Petroniyzon 11

Bdellostoma dombey 6

|)olytreiua 6

Btouti 0

beadlei, Synechoglanis ... 1 35

boani, Caranx 920

Heroi 1538

Opbidiou 2487

PleuroneoteB 264G

Pceciliohthys 1057

Triglopa 1924

beanii, Ammocrypta 1064

Limanda 2646

Melampbaea 843

Plectromua 842

Prionotus 2170

Sorrivomer 367

beardaleei, Salmo gairdneri 2811)

BearLak^ Bullhead 1954

Beau Gregory i55o

Beauty, Rook 1684

beokwithi, Cyprinella 27;i

Beenna 823

beonna, Sphyreeua 8:13

beldingii, Cottus . . 1958

beleugeri, Caranx 923

belisanua, Belunesox 684

belizianuB, Elcotris (Culius) 2201

bella, Hy poolydonia 111;>

Bellator 2173

egretta 2174

militariB 217.1

bellious, Nocomis 3213

BellowB-flsh 759,2713

belluB, Baliates 1703

Minoilus 207

Nutropis 297

Belly, Yellow 1001

Belone alnieida 715

altipinua 717

angUBticcps 71-

ardeola 713

argaluB 713

caribbsea 717

oigonolla 71.t

rassa 71ii

depresBa 711,713

diplotienia 712

exilia 714

galeata 71ti

gerania 716

guianeuHi; 715

hians 718

>l

Index.

2921

Pag.3.

Belonejonesi 717

latimana 717

i.mcnlata 718

melanocbira 716

niicrops 712

notata 711

paci tica 716

raphidoma 716

scrutator 714

stolzmanni 713

subiruucata 711

timucii 715

truiicata 714,715

belono Esox 7U

Hiatiopliorus 892

Tetrapturus 892

ISelonesox 884

bulizanus 084

Belon icLth ys 773

Beloiiopsis 369

leuchtcnbergii 309

bendirei, Potamucottus 1965

Uranidea 1964

benedicti, Batbylagus 529

beiioiti, Myctophum 573

ScopeliiB 573

lieniliocometos 2514

robastus 2514

Beuthodesmiia 887

atlanticus 887

elongatus 888

Benthoaaurlda3 543

Beutbosauras 543

grallator 543

iienthosema 573

arcticum 674

niulleri 574

berardi, Alutertjs 1720

Bergall 1577

Berg-gylt 157"

berglax MccrouruB 2581

berlaudieri, Lepidostous Ill

Mugil 812

Bermuda Catfish 882

Chub 1387

bernuKlne, Fuudulus 043

btTinudensia, Fierasfer 2497

Lefroyia 2497

Ix-mardini, Catostomus 1 78

IJerrugate 2857

bertheloti. Crius 971

Borychlae 837

Jlery cintc 838

Berycoid Fishes 8:!3

Berycoidci 781,833,834

Berycuids 837

3030 106

Page.

beryllina, iEonidia 797

gracilis 797

beryllinum, Cbirostoiua 798

beryllinus, Cryptotonius 1624

Beryx 8<4

'.1« cadacty ins 84*

spleudi-ns 844

Besan 1687

Bosbow 1862

Besugo 1350

beta, Batrachus tau 2310

UvaauruH, Cirrhites 1492

biaciileatus, Gnstcrustuiis 748

Biajoiba 1270

do lo Alto 1140

Bibroiiiu 2704

bicaiidalis, Lactophryw 1723

Ostraciou 1723

bicolor, Algiinsea 245

Aniinoi'd.'tcs 10

AiiisotreuiuH 1319

Barathronus 2524

ExociEtus 738

( Jraiuinicdiiotus 720

Leuciscus 232, 245

Leiu'os 245

Pristipoiua 1320

Kbypticiis 1232

Koiidaletia 548

Itutiliis 244

Ilypticiis 1231

Smecticus 1232

S.iualius 232

Tigo/na 232

bicuruis, Ceutridermicbthys 1913

Cottus 1913

Icelus 1911

BielayaKyba 480

bifaseiatuni, Ciclilasoina 1521

Thalassomu 1010, 2S59

bifasciatus, Chlorichtliys 1609

lltTos 1521

JuUs 1010

Labrus 1609

Thalassoiiia 1010

bifreiiata Hemitreniia 259

bit'reiiatus, U>bopsis 259

Notrojjis 2uS

bifurra, Clui'todoii cauda 1502

BlgEyc 1238

Big-eyed Herring 410, 420

Scad 911

Big-headed Curiiard 2171

Big Skate 08

of California 72

biguttata, Cochlognathus 252

W':

' ,1

\ I

■:•:

i^-i:

i

<l > 'ii

"^

2922

Index.

Page.

biguttatus, Ceratichthys 323

Labrisomus 2360

Malacoctenua 2300

Seiuotilus 322

bilinearis, Merliicciiia 2530

Merliicius 2531

Stonio'Jon 2531

bilineata, Lepidopsetta 2643

riatessa 2643

bilineiitum, rriatipoina 1319

biliueutus, Auisotreniiis 1319

Cbaracodon 668

Plcuroiiectes 2643

Billflsh 109,714,725,892

billingsiaiia, Cliula 272

Cyprinella 272

blloba, Con-ina 1400

I'aohypops , 1460

bllobus, iJIepsias 2018

Histiocottus 2018

Peropus 2018

bimaculata, Percina 1027

Pileoma 1027

bimaculatus, Chivtodon 1674

Clinus 2358

Malacoctenua 2358

Pnecilioidea 678

Pseiidoxiphophurua .. 678

Sayris 725

Xiphophorna 678

biuoculata, Kaja 72

Uraptera 73

binotatua, Apogon 1109

Bipinnula 878,2813

Tiolacea 878

bipinnulata, Seriola 907

bipiunulatua Elagatia 006

birostratuB, Priouotus 2152,2156

biroatria, Raia 93

Mantft 92

biabopi, Aloaa 430

Sardinella 430

bi"oii, Aspicottua 1038

Carpiodes 166

Knoplirys 1938

Lepisosteua 110

biapiuosua, Ciaateroateua 748

atkinal ... 748

cuvieri... 749

Melanooetua 2734

Melichthya 1711

Myliobatia 89

biaaelli, Argyrosomua tiiUibee 473

Coregonua tullibee 473

bifltriapinua, Bodianua 1234

Bypticua 1233

Page.

biaaa. Scomber %ta'

bivittata, Elacate 94^

Ha'.ipsrca i2or>

bivittatua, Ceutropriistia 120.')

Cba'rojulis 1597

Ilnliciia^rea 1597

Hybopaia 2;;:;

Iridic I5!ir.

Labrua 15911

Minnilaa %<,■:,

Flatygloaans 1597

Serranna I20.'i

bixanthopteiua, Caranx 92(i

Black and yellow liockfiab ISS'i

Angel lOT'.t

Black-banded Rockfish 1827

Sunfiab 99,",

Baaa loio

Large-moutbed lOli;

Sn'.ali-mouthed 1011

Black-belly 41:1;

Bullbead 14]

Croaker I45i;

Drama -. 1454

Blackfln 472

Snapper , 1261

Black-flah 207, 963, 1199, 1200, 157H

blackflab, Labrua 1578

BlacKfiahes, Alaska 620, 2iil

Grouper 1161,1174

Grunt

Guativere .

Harry

Black-head Minnow....

Blackhorae

Black Jewfiab

Moray

1297

1146

119!t

.... 217

ICS

1101

3i)C

nosed Dace 305,307

1711

1504

15!J5

17K4

9(i:i

963

962

198,^

1198

Oldwife

Perch

Pilot

Rockflah

Rudder Fiabea

Ruffe

Rulfa

Sculpin

Sea Baaa

Black-aided Darter 1028,10:12

Black-apotted Trout

Swallowora

Will

Itlackfordi, Lutjanua

Yarrella

bluinvillei, Acanthiaa

Blakea

487
2201
11U9
126,'-.

584

51

2351

elegana 2353

r^-^f;!;?*!:*.^!./-;

Index.

2923

Page.

Blanca, AgiiJa 8!>2

Chopa i;i88

Lisa 813

Mojarra 1372

Pesca 321

Sardina 332

Blaiicas, Mojarras 1372

bliiiichardi, Gasterostea 746

Neoclinus 2354

JUauco.Burro 1328

Matiijuelo 2275, 2276

Pescado de Chapala 792

Ronco 1297

BlaDcos, I'eacadoB 792

Blanquillo 2276,2278

Blanquillos 2274,2276

bleekeri, Aplonichthys - 2703

blcekeriauu, Ilisba 436

PeUona 430

Blenitrachus 2391

BlennicottuB 2016,2864

acuticeps 2864

embiyum 2016, 2864

globicepa 2017

bryosus 2017

Blennies 2344,2377

Snake 2435

BlennildiB 2314

BlennUntB 2318

Blennioclinus 2360

Blennioid Fishes 2343

Blennioidea 2343

Blonnioidoi 782

blennioidea, Diplesion 1053

Etheostoma 1033

BlonnioluB 2386,2390

blennloperca, Hyostoma 1 053

Blennioptaidium 2428

petropauli 2430

Blenniud 2377,2378,2553

alectroluphua 2422

amcricauus 2457

anguillaris 2436,2457

asterias 2383

bosquianuB 2394

brevipinnis 2391

oapitilsDvi 2438

carolinuB 2378

cbuss 2555

cUiatus 2457

(ClinuB) lumpenus 2438

crinitus 2383

cristatus 2382,2383

doIioliogaBter 2417

europflBUB 2419

fftTOBUB 2380

Page.

Blennias fllicornia 2381

fliiihriutus 2457

fucoriiiu 237!)

guiiiinatiis 2385

gentilis 2;!88

graciliM 2438

guuiit'llus 2419

lientz 2390

herniinicr 2362

labrosu.s 2457

la.niietraformis 2438

luni[>euu8 2438

marnioreus 2381

iiii('ro.stoniii8 2385

niultililiH 2385

mura-noides 2419

nuchitilis 2383

oceanicus 2379

pillconiis 2380

pidariB 2409

l)olya( tdcephalus 2409

punctutuB 2390, 2440

regius jr.SS

rosous 2420

serpentinus 2439

steai iisi 2379

striatus 2388

tiunia 2418

toFBk 2561

truneatiis 2381

vinctuB 2382

(Zoarcbca .') ])olari.>( 2469

blonnius, Alburnopn 262

EUieostoni 1072.1073

MinniliiH 202

Kotropis 201

Blennophis 2400

webbii 2401

Blonny, Snake 2438

Blepliariclithys 931

crinitUH 9"'?

lilepbaris 931

orlnituB 932

ma,jor 932

sntor 932

blepbaris, Carangoides 932

V>Iepbura, Angiiilla 348

Blepslas 2018

bilobuB 2018

cirrbosuB 2018

oculufaBciatuB 2021

trilobuB 2019

veutricosua 1936

Blepaiina! 1883

Bleu, Poiason 517

BlindflBh, Cuban 2801

ill

\ V

! W

i i.
'\ %

i

r'^tl

I

ft

! 1

f

/,

\

%.

t ,

2924

Index.

Pago.

Blindflsh, of the Mammoth Cave. . . 706

Small 704

Blind Fishes 702

Gobies 2261

Goby of Poll! t Loma 2202

Bloater 471

Blob laso

blochii, Bodianus 1583

Curanx 919

Galeichthys 118

Orthrogoriscus 1754

Pimelodus 155

Piramutaua 155

Blower ViVi

Blow-tiHh, Spring-back 1734

Blue-back *26

Mullet 813

Salmon 481

Trout..., 614

Trout of Lake Crescent.. 2819

BlueBream K'05

Cat 134

Cod 1875

Darter 1088

Herring 425

MuUet 191

Parrot-fish 1636,1652

Perch 1505,1577

Pike., 1021

Sharks 33

Sunflsh 1005

Surgeon 1691

Tang 1691

Blue-breasted Darter 1076

Bluofln - 472

Blueflsh, California 1410

Blueflshes 945,946

Blue-gill 1005

Blueheaded Sucker 171

Blue-spotted Sunttsh 906

Blunt-nosed Minnow 218

Shiner 934

Boar fishes 1663

BoarGrunt 1303

Bobo 821

BocaDulce 29

Negra 1837

Bocaccio 1780

Bocon 442, 450

bocona, Snrdina 449

Bodianus 1143,1581

acanthistius 1147

achigan 1011

apun 1174

argyrolejcus 1433

aya 1265

Page.

Bodianus bistrispinus 121)4

blochii 158:i

bodianus 1583

oostatus 1462

crueutatuB 1142

diplotffinia 1582

d'ibiua 114G

exiguus 1433

davescens 1024

fulvus 1144

punctatus 1146

ruber 1145,1140

guativere 1145

jaguar 840

marginatuB 1174

pallidus 1433

pauauiensis 1141

peotoralia 1582

pentacanthus 849

pulchellus 1584

punctatus 1146

punctiferus 1147

ruber 1265

rufus 1135,1583

rupestris 900

stellifer 1443

■triatns 1259

tieniops 1144

triuruB 123C

vivanet 1257

bodianus, Bodianus 1583

Cossyphus 1583

Bodioron 18C7

Bceostoma brachialp 2698

reticulacum 2696

Boga 1365

Bogoslovius 2574

clarki 2575

flrmisqnamis 2575

Bola 1455

Boleichthys 1101

eo8 1102

exilis 1103

fusiformis 1101

warreni 1103

whipplii 1000

boleoides, Cottus.. 196K

Kadulinu* 1919

Uranidea 1968

Boleosoraa 1054

ecBopns 1067

barrattli 1102

camurum 1060

chlorosoma 1000

copelandi 1040

fusiformis 1102

Index.

2925

Page.

Buleoaonia gracile 1102

lepida 1089

lepidnin 1080

longimanas 1054

maculatum 1057, 1077

mutatum 1057

nigrum 1050

effulgens 1058

niaciilaticeps 1058

mestcum 1059

olmstedi 1057

vexillare 1058

olmstedi brevipinnis 1057

phlox 1052

podostenione 1055

pottsii 108.1

punctulatum 1091

shumardi 1047

stigmaium 1048

ausaoic 1059

tessellatum 1046,1057

Turiatum 1070

whipplei 1096

boIeoBoma Gobius 1102

bolli, Ameiiirus 140

bollmani, Hippoglossina 2621

OpaopiGodas 249

Scaru8 1646

Bollmanuia 2237

chlamydes 2238

luacropoma 2239

ocellata 2238

Btigniatura 22^:9

bombifrons, Lepomis 1003

Pomotis 1003

Bonaci ArarA 1174

Cardenal 1173,1174

dePiedra..... 1172

Gato 1187

bonaci, Epinephelus 1175

Mycteroperca 1174

xantbosticta. 1176

Serranus 1175

Triaotropis 1175

Bonapartia 580,2826

pedaliota 680,2826

557

1297

005

905

164

90

90

411

51

Bonito 869,948

bonapartii, Scopelus

bonarienae, Hjcmulon

bonarienais, Halatractus .

Seriola

bonaauB, Babalichthya...

Kaja

Bliinoptera

Bone-flsh

Bone Shark

Page.

872

868

871

44

Hony-tish 410,433

Bonito California.
Oceanic . ..

Bonitos

Honnut-head

Bony Fishea

Ganoids

Bony-tail

lioolioo

boops, Caranx

Contaiiru.s

Myctoph iini

Notropis

Ostracion

Scopelus

Trachurus

Borborys

borea, Luciopcrca

boroalo, Elheostonia

borealia, Alei)ido9auru8 (Canlopns) .

Alepisaiirua

AniiuruH

AmnioctBtes

Arctozenus

Chiniffiia

FierasfiT

Icelinus

La<nmrgus . . .

Maurolicus

Notoiiiynehus

95
2443
1896

57
577

18

Oligocottus 2014

Parulepis

Potroniyzon..

Pinielodns ...

PcEcilichthys.

Scopelus

Spliyrsma

Squrlus

Sudis

Boregat

Boreocottus

axillaris ..
Boreogadua

601

13

137

1082

577

825

57

COl

1867

1970

lOHl

2533

polaris 25:;4

saida

Boreogaleua

Borer

Borers

boreuni, Stizoatediou canadenso.

boreus, Esox

Borliise

bosci, Abraniis crysoleucaa

Atherina

Uobiosonia

25:!3
32
7
5
102J
628
963
251
801
2259
Gobiua 2227,2259

i;i'! if-

i-

11

T

h I

t

. !

¥

V'

f

Hi ;

/

If

' iL.

2926

Index.

boBci, Halatractiis 905

Leucisciis 251

Plnielepterus 1388

Zonichthys 005

boscinnus, CliiiHiuudes 2394

boscii, St'riola 905

bosqiii, Cyphosus 1388

boHqiiiauuB, Bleniiius 2394

ChasiiKMlcs - 2394

boaquii, Pinieleptcnis 1388

bostonensis, Catostomus 179

boMtonieusis, Murit-iia 348

Botete 1731

Bothragonua 2086

swanii 2086,2088

Botbrocara 2475

mollis 2476

pusilla 2476

Bothrolicmus 939

Bothus 2661

P">culatu8 2660

Boucant. 1261

boucaril' >CU8 247

247

PcvciU.. 695

Pristiitoniii 1334

Kntiliis 247

boiilengeri, ilycteroperca 1171, 2850

Bout lie Tabac 1215

bouvieri, Salmo clarkii 2819

inykiss 496

purpuratiis 496

bovinum, nectro])oma 1193

boy Inna, Cy i)rinodon 673

Hypoplectnis 1193

unicolor.... 1103

Bewfln 113

Bowlins 111,112

bowmani, Plargyrus 283

Box, Tobacco 68

Boxaotlon 1365

bracbiale, Bdtostonia 2698

Sparisonia 1641

bracbialia, Achirus 2698

Ammocwtes 14

Baiost oiiia 2608

Petroniy zon 14, 2745

Scarus 1641

bracbiatus, Diodon 1746

Braobioptilon 02

hatnilloni 03

brarhiuruH, Gymiiotus 340

bnicbiuHCulii8, Uraiiiinicolcpis 974

bracbyavantbns, Ainiuriis 141

brachycentrus, Oasterosteus 748

NaucleruB 900

Page.

brachycephalum, Sipbostoma 769

braohycepbaluB, Exoccetus 733

Synguathus 769

TTranicbthys 382

brachycb ir, Maoro^tonia 2826

Myctopbum 556

brachycbiriiH, Tracburops 911

Bracbyconger 359

savanna 360

Bracbyduuterus 1325

axillaris 1328

corvinaiforiuis 1326

leiiciscus 1327

nitidiis 1326

Bracliygenys 1307

cbrysargyreuB 1307

toiniata 1308

Brachyistias 1499

frenatus 1499

Bracby inulliis 858

Bracbyopsis 2046, 2864

annsB 2043

barl^ani 2044

decayonis 2054

dodecaedrus 2046

rostratiis 2046,2048

segalicnsis 2048

verrucosus 2044

xyosternus 2043

Bracbyospiuffi 2032

bracby poda, Gasterosteuspungitius 746

PygosteuB pungitius.. 746

Bracbyponiaceutrus 1549

Bracliyprosopon 2653

bracbyptera, Ecbeueis 2272

Kemora 2272

llbamdia 151

bracbyptcruB, Holoceutr us 852

Lutjanus 1268

INeonisenis 1268

Pimelodus 152

Remoropsis 2272

Tbynuus 870

Zygouectes 682

brachyrhinchuB, Acipeuser 104

BracbyrbiuuB 1221

creolus 1222

furcifor 1222

Bracbysomopbis 387

crocodilin us 388

borriduB 388

bracbysonuis, Calamus 1353

Epinepbelus 1154

Sparus 1353

bracby urus, Oxydonticbthys 385

bradfordi, I'orocottos 2862

';.'-^i:j(^Ijw,--

:,./,,„

Index.

2927

Page.

Brama 958

agassizii 959

brevoor^ii 950

chileusia 990

dussuniieri 960

oroini 960

parrte 1586

raii 958,959

r^i 960

. saussurii 958

braroa, Cyusedus 1360

Bramble Sharks 57

BramidsB 956

Bratnocharax 338

bransfordi 339

Bramopsis 1501

mento 1502

Branch Herring 426

branchialis, Amniocietes 14

Petromyzan 14

Branchioategus 2578

Branchioatoina 3, 4

califoniiense 4

californiensis 4

caribffium 3

lanceolatum 3

lubricum 3

ISranchiostoniatidn) 2

lirancbiostomidtB 2

Hranderlus 373

brandti, Arius 122

Cottus 1984

Myoxocephalus 1984

Tachisariia 122

brandtii, Arius 2753

branicki, Poniadasis 1333

Pristipoina 1334

l>ranneri, Poocilia 2834

bransfordi, Bramocharax 339

Loricaria 158

Bbamdia 151

I)rasilianu8, Gerrea 1378

brasiliense, Priatipoma 1320

braailienaibas, Capeuna 1311

Guabi coara 1305

braailiensis, Amblyopna 2264

Gentropristia 1221

Chiroatonia 794

Chlorichthya 1591

Clupea 411

Conger 360

Eaox 723

Hemiramphus 722

Hippogloaaus 2638

LabruB 1591

Menidla 801

Page.

brasilicnsia, Mngil 810.814,816

Murivna seu conger 403

Karoiiie 78, 2752

Paralicbthya 2626

Plaguaia 2709

PaeudorhonibuH 2626

Scorptenti 1842

Serrauua 1221

Thynnua 869

Tori>6do 78

Vomer 934

braytoni.N'^tropia 264

Bream 250,1009,1358,1360

Bream, Bine 1005

Copper-nosed 1005

Redbreast 1001

Bregmaceroa 2526

atlanticua 2527

atripiunia 2527

bathymaster 2527

macclellandil 2526

Bregmacerotidae 2525

Bresson 125

brevibarbe, Lepopbiditim 2485

Ophidiiim 2485

bi-evicauda, Pomoxys 987

Salnio 493

brevicaudata, Brevoortia tyrannns. 434

Breviceps 116

brevicepa, £ vorthodns 2208

Ga.sterostens 746

Larimus 1423

Moxoatoma 196

Pomotis 1003

Ptychostonins 196

brevidens, Gonostoma 579

brevimanas, Gorrea 1377

TetragonopteruH 335

brevipea, Lycodea 2467

brevipinna, Scymnaa 57

SomuiosuB 57

brevipinno, Uitreraa 1499

Priatipoma 1341

brevipinnia, Blennius 2391

Boleosoraa olmstedi . . . 1057

Hy paoblen nius 2390

laaciella 1341

Orthopristis 1341

Thynnichthys 869

Thynnua 869

brevirostris, Chaamistes 183, 199

Cololabis 726

Gerrea 1376

Hippocampns 776

Histiophorus 892

Hypoprion 41

\m

I ,.

i-1

i f*^ Ma

«!■

2928

Index,

i

'J i

I'ngo.

broviroatris, Macrognathus 723

SauruB 533

ScoiiibrcHox 726

Syiignatlius 765

brevlrostrum, Acipeusor 106

Hitmulon 1300

brevis, Aoantliurim 1001

Aniblyopus 2263

Atheriuichthys 2840 |

Ceiitro})oiiiu8 1 125

Cephalus 1754 :

Ceten^raiilis 450 |

ED£rauli8 450

Tyiitlastes 2262

brovispiiiiH, Sebasticbtliys 1788

Sebastoiles 1787

brevoorti, A rgyriosus 936

Eiileptorbaniphas 724

Brevoortia 433

tyraanus 433

aurea 434

brevicaiulata . 434

patruuits 434

brevoortii, Braiiia 959

brlcei, Cbaitodon 1678

brlstoliB, Emiimion 2375

Broad Shad 1372

Wbiteflsb 464

Broad-bead, Grubber 447

broccus, Balistes 1716

Monacanthus 1716

Brocbet de Mer 1118

brodanins, Cottus 2066

Brook Lampro3'8 12

Silveraide 805

Stickleback 744

Sucker 178

Trout 506

Trout of western Oregon 501

Brosme 2561

brosnie 2561

brosme, Brosme 2561

Brosmius 2561

Eucbolyopus 2561

GaduB 2561

brosmiana, Lota 2551

Brosmina) 2532

Brosmius 2561

brosme 2561

flavescens 2561

flavcsny 2561

marginattis 2502

vulgaris .. 2561

BrosmopbyciniE 2498

Broamopby cis - 2502

margiuatua 3502

Pago.

Brosmophycis ventrulis 250H

Brotula 250o

barbata 2500

BrotuIidiB 2408

Brotulinic 2408

Brotuloid Fishes 2408

brouasoneti, G obioides 2204

broussonetii, Acauthurus 1601

Tmbriiia 14G(i

brouasonnetii, Gobiodes . 2263

Brown Cat 142

Hind 1142

Rockflsh 1817

browni, Atberina 443

Eiigraulis 443

Hemirbam])bus 723

Solea 2701

Stolephorua 44:t

Vomer 934

Brown-winged Sea-robin 2167

bruciis, Squalus 58

brunuea, Maynea 247 0

brunneus, Amiurus 142

Catulus 24

Gobius 2218

Ilyophis 35(1

Serranus 117')

Trisotropis 117.")

Brycon 337

dentex 337

atriatnlus 337

bryoporiis, Spratelloides 422

Bryostemma 2408

nugator 2410

polynctouophahim . . 2408, 2409

bryosua, Blennicottus globiceps 2017

Bryssetaires 2328

piuniger 2328

Bryssophilua 2321>, 2330

Bryttus 905

albulus 1007

fasciatuB 993

gloriosus 994

bumilis 1U04

mineopaa 996

ociilatus 1004

punctatua 908

reticulatus 998

signifer 996

unioolor 1001

Bubalichthys 163

altus 165

bonaans 164

bubalinus 165

bubalua 516

niger 164

Index.

2929

. I

Page.

lUihalichtliH uru8 164

biibalina, Cliola 27;i

Cy princllrt 27:t

l)ubalina8, Biibalichtli ys IC5

LeiiciHi'.iis 27:i

Notropis 273

biibalis, Cottiis 1972

Myoxocophalus 1971

liubalus, Anibludoii 1(55

BubaliclitbyH 165

Cat08t<iniiiH 1G5

Iclithj-obiis 164

lotiobuH 164

Hubbler 1484

buccanella, Lutijanus 1262

MeHuprion 1262

Neoniaiiiis 1261

buccata, Ericymba 302

biicciferu», Labrisomus 2363

bncco, Moxostoma 190

Ptycboatoiiius 191

buccnlentus, Choiiopborus 2236

bncbauaui, Notropis 2800

UiinaloCod 1875

Coniinon 163

liahes 163

Mon};i"el 164

Razor-backed 164

Red mouth 163

Sinall-inoutbed 164

Sucker-moutbed 164

biitialo, Acipcnser 106

bufo, Lophius 2316

Scorpaena 1849

Bugara 1508

Bugflsh 433

Bull Red-fish 1453

Bull Trout 607

buUaris, Cyprinua 221

Semotilus 222

bulled, Prionodes 1213

Serranus 1214

Bullhead 1950

Bullhead, Bear Lake 1954

Black 141

Common 140

Prickly 1944

Rocky Mountain 1949

Bullhead Shark 20

Sharks 19

Billion 1650

Bumper 938

buniva, Balistes 1701, 1711

Burbots 2550

Burgall 1577

burgall, Cteuolabrus 1577

Page.

Bumstickle 747

Burr-tish, Common 1748

Burr-iislies 1747

Burrito 1333,1327

Burritos 1325

Burro .» 1332

Blanco 1328

Burros 1329

burtoniauuH, Cyprinus 2798

bu8cu1u8, 1'rionodcs 1211

Bntirinus madcraspatonsis 415

butleri, Pwcilia 691

butlerianiiH, Pcecilichthys 1102

Butter-flsh 967, 1144, 2416, 2419

iitter-flshos 965

Butterfly 1677

Buttcrfly-flshes 1669,1672

Butterfly Ray 86

Butyrinus 411

banana 411

Bythites 2504

fuscua 2504

By tb itinas 2498

caballa, Cybinm 876

Scomberomorns 876

Caballerote 1255, 1257

caballerote, Anthias 1257

Lutjanus 1257

Mesoprion 1257

caballus, Caranx 921

Cabezon 1423,1889,2321

Smooth 2012

Cabezones 1889

Cabuzote 790

Cabezuda, Lisa 811

caboverdianus, Ginglymostoma 26

CabraMora 1152

CabriUa 1158,1197,1832

Calamaria 1184

de Raizero 1171

Piritita 1181

Cabrilla, Spotted 1196

Cabrillas Verdes 1194

Cabrillo de Astiller o 1176

Cachucho 1282

Ca^onetta 40

Cfficilia 373

ctelolepis, Centroscymnux 55

cmnicola, Poecilla 641

oosnosus, Pimclodus 140

ciBrulea, Cliola 277

Clnpea 421

Cmloiua 277

Coryplituna 1663

Maletta 423

;l

ill

\

i

2930

Index.

-f? !

I '

\\ \

CHjrulea, Novnciila 1653

Taatoga If)??

offiriileatuH, Acrouuras 1091

oiirnleoanreiiH, Ilurpe 158o

cii>rit1eopuii(:tatu8, Acara 1514

coBrulesueua, Ariim 129

GaleiclitlivH 2776

HexaiionintichtliyB . . . 129

PimcloduH . 135

ctBrulooH, AcanthiiriiM 1691

CarcliarhiniiH 37

Carctaarias 37

Cheouda 232

C]upanodoii 423

Ctonolabrns 1577

CyclopteruB 2097

KotropiH 277

Fhotogenis 277

Fseudoix'ariis 1654

Scarus 1652,1654

Squalins 232

Sqnalus 33

Teuthis 1691

cniralopanctatiia, iEqiiidens 1514

CsBsar 1308

Cffisiomorus 939

CiBsiosoma califoruiense 1391

oeesiuH, Aniaotremus 1310

Fomadaaya 1317

Ctigon de lo Aito 1277

Cailleu 429

Cailleu-taasart 432

Caiman 2216

Cjyl 1258

CalafaUl 1711

Calauiaria, Cabrilla 1184

Calamua 1347,1349

arctil'roiis 1355

bajouado 1352,1353

bracbysonms 1353

cnlamna 1349

lencoatena 1353

macrops 1350,1354

medius 1356

megacepbalus 1350, 1351

peuna 1354,1355

pennatula 1351

plumatnla 1352

prorideua 1350

taarinua 1354

calamna, Calamus 1349

Chrysophrya 1350

Fageliaa 1350

calcarata, Scorpn^na 1854

Calico Baaa 987

California Anotaovy 448

Page.

Califoniia Harracnda 8l><i

BigSltate 71;

"Blueflab" 1410

lioiiito 87'.'

Conger EeJ 39,-

Dogflali 54

Hagtlah 0

Herring 4'j-j

Jewflah 1137

Lancelot .|

Ponipano 907

liedflah 158,-,

Sardine \'x:,

Smelt 80(i

Sole 26i;;

Stickleback 7.-,]

Stingray 8!i

Tonicod 25;i<j

Torpedo 77

Whiting 147G

califomica, Alanaa \'v\

Morrhua 2S;t9

S<iH»tina 51)

Tetronarce 77

Torpedo 78

Uropsetta 26'_'(i

califomicns, (!!yp8ilurun 28.'!(l

Exoctctua 730, 74ii

Gadus 25311

Galena 30

Halichosrea icoi

Hippogloaana 262(i

Muatelua 30

Myliobatia 89

Oxyjulia icoi

Farulichthya 2625, 2620

Faeudojulia 1601

Faeudorhombna 2626

Stereolepia lias

califomiense, Branchioatoma 4

Coisioaoma 1391

Myctopbnm 572

Siphoatoma 764

califomiensia, Atherinichthya 807

Atberinopaia 806

Brauchioatoma 4

Chilomycterua 1751

Gyprinodon 674

Diapterua 1370

Doryichthys 774

Doryrhamphua 773

Eucinoatomns 1 369

Gerres 1370

Medialuna 1391

Ophinnrua 384

OtoIithuB 1413

Index.

2931

t'ttlifumienitia, Polynenuis * 829

8<ori>i8 1301

Synniintlius 704

Typhlogobiim 2202

Xenichtliys 1280

XeniHtius 1280

riillarlag, Gndus 2541

'iillaris, Salnio 508

( iillnus 1455

( 'allecbely a 378

miirmna 378

peninanliD 379

(alliclluns 2360

t'alliodon 1621, 1042, 1944, 1650

dentiens 1623

gibbosua 1290

Ilueatua 1651

retractua 1623

ciUlimlon, Liparia 2120

(^allionymido) 2184

(/allionj'mns 2185

balrdi 21&')

calliiinia 2187

hitnantophorns 2186

panciradiatua 2188

pelagicua 2184

callipteryx, Cainpoatoina 206

iMlliaenia, Cliola 273

Codoma 273

Epiaema 273

Notropia 272

calliHoma, Horpetoichtbys 384

talliatia, Cliola.. 276

Codoma 276

calUatiaa, Notropia 276

Photogeuia 276

calliurp,, Cliola 275

Cyprinella 275

Elheoatoma 1011

Myterop«rna ugg

Calliurua 995,1010

diapbanua 996

liorideuaia 992

formosaa 996

longiiliia ' 996

melanopa 992

micropa 996

mnrinna 996

puuctuIatiiB 992, 1011

<alliiiru8, Callionyniua 2187

loglosaiia 2193

Trlsotropia 1186

(^allogobiua 2210

callolepia, Harengula 430

lallopteraa, Cypsiliirua 2836

Exoocetua 740

Page.

C'alloptiliim 2520

miriiiii 2527

Callorbyiirliu.-4 atlaiitlcu.s 05

cuiitriiia 95

Callyodon 1621, 1642, 1651

anropiinutattia 1624

tlaveacona 1640

pailtaciia 16'18

iiatita 1624

callyodou, Cycloptprua 2110

Liparia 2111

Neoliparia 2110

calopteryx, Serranua 1213

Calotoiniia 1026

xenoduu 1020

calva, Ainia 113

Calycilepidotiia 1936

lateralia 1899

apinoaiia 1937

Camarina 1381

nigricans 1.382

cainolopardalia, Mycteropercatigria 1187

Serranua 1187

canipbelli, Moxoatonia 186

Salnio 508

Campbellite 987

canipecbianua, Lntjanua 1265

MoHoprion 1205

camperi, Scombreaox 725

Carapoatonia 204

anoinaluni 205

callipteryx 200

dubioin 206

fornioauliini 206

gobiouiuni 206

bippopa 206

moruiyrus 206

naautuni 206

omatum 205

pricei 205, 2796

prolixnm 206

CampnatoniiniD 202

Campylodon 614

fabricii 615

camtaclip*' ""a, Lnmpctra 13

camtacbab. jua, EutoHpbenuH 2745

Pteromyzon 2745

niariuna 2745

camara, Cliola 280

Vaillantia 1000

caniuruni, Boleoaoina 1060

EtheoHtoma 1076

cauiuriia, Nauoatoma 1076

Notropia 279

camiirus, P(b(nliclitbya 1076

Cana-bota 19

i|

'I w

maM

T

■f

} 1

m

i

l^

a I

1

11

2932

Index.

Canada, Elacato 948

cauadonse, Stizostedion 1022

boriiiiin 1022

griHoiim . . ■ 1022

canadoiiaia, Lucioperca 1022

Sttlino 507

cunaduB, GastcroHteus 048

Rachycentron <.. 948

canalioiilatiiH, loeluH 1917

cannricnsiH, Cliniis 2:i62

candidissimuH, Leptocephaliis 354

Candil 840

Candleflsh 521

Canodi Mare 48

canesconB, Cha>todoD 1688

ZniicluH 1688

cauina, Amia 113

caiiininmis, Scopelus 570

cauinuB, Cr.ranx 921

Lachnolaiinus 1580

Pagelliis 1352

Gaiils carcharlns 38

cauiB, Mustelns 29

Salnio 479

Sqnalus 29

canna, Hajiimlou 1297, 1299

Cannorli yiiclms 756

caiithai'inuin. Prist iponm 1340

cantlmrinus, OrtliopristJs 1339,1340

Canthariis iii<;romaculatu8 987

Cautberines 1713

carolPB 1713

pulluB 1713

Canthidonujs 1705

maculatua 1700, 1707

Bobaco 1705

BufiSamen 1706

williigbbeii 1707

Cantbigaster 1741

oaiidicinctus 1742

lobatus 1732

puiictatisMiruus 1741

roBtratus 1741

CanthigasteridtD 1740

Canthirbyncus 2088

monopierygias 2092

CantborbinuB 1713

Cautllcua, Mojarra.: s 1369

Capelin 520

capeuBis, Aledon 1754

Carcharodon 60

Elops 410

Scorpicna 1833

Sebastes 1833

Sebastodes 1833

Capenna brasiliensibuB 1311

Pago.

caiMJiina, Uieniiilon isu

Hicmyluni luu

Serraiiua 1311

oapiiUria, Argyriosis 9:.(!

Zenn li3ii

capillatuB, CliniiB 2;ui2

LabrisoniiiB 2:ii;2

capistratuB, Bal istcB 1704

Cba-todon 1(177

PacliynatbuB I7ii|

SarotbrodiiB 1078

Tetrodon 17^2

Capitaine ir)7i)

oapite, EleotriB plagioplateo 2'JOl

Labriifl obt iiso I6(in

capitiliDvi, BleiinluB 24:t8

oapito, Poroniitra 840

capitulinuB, Mugil 28il

caprlmiB, Argyrops liuf)

Balistes 1702

CatuBtomuB iti8

Otrynter 1315

Stenotomus LMfi

Capriscus 1699, 1700

capriscuB, BaliHtoB 1701

murium dentibustninutis 1720

caprodeB, Etlioostoma loii?

Percina lOJii

manitou lojx

zebra lo:;7

Sciffiua ioi!7

CaproidjB ] 661)

Caproidea lecil

Capropbon us 1604

aurora 1665

oaproB, Antigoiiia 1605

carauiura, Murouopbis 395

Carangichtbys ... 916, 917, 9:i2

Carangido) 895

Caraugoides gi!8

blepbaria 9.'t2

oibi 920

doraalia 930

gallichtbys . . 932

iridinuB 919

or tliograro m ua 928

carangoidea, Seriolopbus 895

Carangops 912

beteropyguB 9i;(

aecundus 914

carangua, Caranx 920

Carangus 915,916

chrysoB 921

esculentua 921

fallax 923

bippos 021

1 , iv ,

Index,

2933

Page.

Carangna lugubrlfl 025

I araiigus, Scomber 020

Caranx 915,016,010,927

ainbly rliynoh iia 013

analifi 927

antillarnm 021

asccnBiouis 025

atriniaiiUB 914

aureus 923

barthciomffii 919

beanl 920

belungeri 023

bixantbopter UH 926

blochli 910

boops 922

caballua 921,2846

oaninua 921

oarangua 920

chilensis 927

obryauB 921

clbl 020

orlnitus 032

orunienopbthalin ns Oil

orysos 021,2846

cuvierri 010

daubentonli 020

defensor 921

dentex 927

dorsaUs 030

dumedli 904

ekala 921

erytbrurus 920

falcatus 013, 2844, 2845

fallax 023

fasciatus 014

fosteri 023

frontalia 025

furthii 014

georgianus 927

glrardi 922

gnara 026

heteropygus 013

Lippos 020,923

iridmus 910

latus 022

leoturus 023

iessoui 023

leucurus 915

lugubris 024

luna 027

macarellus 909

macropbthaltnus 911

luarginatus 922

niedusicula 924

melampygus 925

muroadsi 908

Pago.

Caranx ortliograniniUH 020

otrynler 030

punuinfnsis 028

pnniHiiistes 023

pcFHoni 023

picturatiis 010

pisqiUitilB 021 , 2840

plateHHa 927

plimiiori 012

polooaoo 928

piinctntUB 008

rlchar'li 023

ruber 010

aanctio-belontn 908

sconibrinua 908

aecundus 914

Bern 023

Beniinpinosus 911

setipinnia doraiilia 934

giinibouenaiB 934

solea 927

spcciuauB 028

stellatus 926

auareua 908

Butor 032

symmotricus 910

tracburuB 910

cuvieri 010

vinctus 018

xantbopygUB 021

Caranxoniorus 952

pluniierianua Oil

carapinuM, Coryplinsnoides 2570

Carapo , 340

carapo, Gymnotus 341

Carapus 340

afflnia 2497

faaciatus 341

iua-quilabiatuB 341

CarassiiiB 201

auratua 201

Carauna 1 145

carbonaria, Plleonia 1027

carbonariuni, Ha!mulon 1300

carbonariuB, Acipeuaer 100

Gftdus 2534

Pollacbiua 2535

Salmo 500

Carbonero 010

Carbonero, Ronco 1300

carbunculua, Etelia 1283

Carcbarbinaj 28

Carcharbinua 33, 35, 37, 2747

acronutua 36

tethitloruB 40

casroleuB 37

fi'n

t I

'^1

US

u?

. 'iw - "f-v y

t i

II !■

2934

Index.

Page.

Cansharliinua cerdale 2740,2747

commersoni 38

falciformia 36

fronto <id

glaucua 33

henlei 37,2746

lanila 38

lamiella 37

leucos 38

limbatus... 40

luilberti 37

n!cara{;aen8is 39, 2747

obscui'UB 35

oxyrhyuchus 40, 2747

I)erezi 36

platyodon 39

platyi'bynchus 36

remotus 37

velox 2747,2748

Carcbarias 33,46

aniericanim 47

atwoudi 50

casraleus 37

falcif iiinis 35

fronto 39

glaucu» 33

grisens 47

benlei 37

isodon 42

lalandi 43

lamia 38

leucos 38

limbatiis 40

littorallH 46, 2748

longurio 42

HMcrops 40

luilberti 37

mulleri 40

obscurna 35

oxyrhyncbus 41

poruaiia 37

punctatiia 42

terrai-novu) 4o

ti-icria 49

vnrua 50

carcbarias, Caula 38

Uarcbaro(b>ii .jO

S<iualua 38, 50

Carchariido; 46

Carebiirodou 50

oapenaia 50

carcbarias 50

rondeleti 50

aniitbi 50

Carcbarodontinti) 47

Paj;.

Cardenal jki^

Bonaci 1173,1171

Mcjarra ^; j

Cardinal flahea n -

cardinalia, Serranua ii7i

Trisotroijis 1174

Cardonniera ig;;7

Caroliparis 2114, 21 1:.

Cnremitra 2129, 2130, 2 1 ;;i

Carenchelyi ;j4;i

Careproctus 2129,2130,2111

colletti 'i\'.\\

I ectenes 2136,28(;(i

gelatinofius 2134, 2i:iri

raelanurus 2135, 'Jftiu

ostentum 2i;m

phaania , 2i;tj

ranula 2131

rcinbardi 2133, L'i;;i

aimus -jiaj

apectruin -ji:;:!

caribicum, Brancbioatoma :i

caribajus, Diplodus i3(iu

Sargus 1311(1

caribbaa, Beloud 717

caribbr us, Cbloroscombrua 9:;,s

Halieutichtbya 274 1

Tyloaurua 717

carinntuiu, Acauthosoiua 17,")4

Sipboatouia 70:1

carinut us, Diodon 1704

Labicbtbys ;)«<(

riacopbarynx 19h

Saliuo 49;j

carniinale, Tripterygiuni 2300

canniniilis, Eunoauectes 2:t50

carminatua, Cmlorbyncbiia 2588

Macrurus 2589

Macrurus (Ciilorbyn-

cbus) 258!)

camatus, Sebuaticbtbya 182.')

Sobustodos 1824

carueus, AcronuruH \\s\ci

Gobicaox 2;t;!7

Sicyases 2337

carolH\ Cantlieriucs I7i:i

Carolina, Argentina 41(i

Atberinu 791

Trigla 2156,2172

Candina Wbitlng 1474

Carolina', Potaniocottus 19'i'.'

carolineusis, Balistea 1701

Ceatrcua 1409

Clnpca 434

Cynoscion 1409

•f^-y' :/■-■■ r-^'r^ ■:i?f;"\';-*

Index.

2935

Pag.

lldh

. 1173,1171

11 -
1171
1174
18:;7
. 2114,211.-1
29,2130, 2 1 :;i
:j4:;

:9,2l30,2i ;i

2i:ii

. 2136,28i;(>

- 2134, 21 :i;-.

. 2135,28i;7

2i;!i

21;).;

2131

. 2133,2i:;i

2i:ii

2i:i:;

:i

13(iU

13(10

717

QIW

2741

717

17,H

70;!

1754

WU

19H

49:i

23r)()

2;!50

258H

2589

yn-

258!)
1825
1824
1«!I2

2;t;i7

23;)7

17i:i

410

791

2156, 2172

1474

1952

1701

1409

434

1409

Page.

Carolinensis Gobias 2218

Hypcristius 988

MvHtus 117

Otolilhus 1409

Seriola zonata 902

larolinns, BlenniuB 2378

GaxternsteaB M4

Labms 1578

Pholis 2379

Priacantbus 2858

Prioiiotus 2150, 21 57

Pteraclis 956

Trachinotn's 944

Trachynotn8 944

Carp,Lake 167

Sucker 166

Suckers 165

oarpio, Cai pimles 166

Catostorann 136, 190

Cy pri iKidun 675

Cyprinus 201

Moxoctoma 190

Carpiodes 165

bison 166

carpio 166

outisanserinus 167

cyprinus 167,168

damalis 167

difionniH 166

grayi 167

iiauiraifsT 166

selene 167

tannis 165

tbompsoni 167

tuiuidus 167

nrus 164

vacca 168

velifer 167

ritulus 165

Carp like Fishes 160

Carps 161,199

Crucian 201

ciirribicuB, Coelorhyncbus 2589

carrlbbueus, Macrurus 2590

Oarrilla Pinta 1152

ciirringtonii, Agosia nubila 311

Apocope 312

Cartilaginous Ganoids 100

laruiiculatus, Ceratias 2732

caryl, Acipenser 104

Ditrema 1509

Enibiotoca 1509

Hypsurus 1508,1509

Casabe 938

Casabes 937

Page.

cassidyi, Embiotoca 1505

cassiiii, Muroiua 356

Casta Cuniprida, Alfonsiu a 844

Casta Larj^a, AUbnsiu 844

Custaguolci 959

castanea, Sidera 396

castanHola, Sparua 960

castaneuiii, Mat^rostoma 556

castaiieiis, lolitliyoniyzon 11

Lycodonlis 2804

XotoHcopelus 566

Pctroniyzon 11

castohncaua, Pelloua 436

ca8t«'liiaiii,Cylindrost«U8 HI

castor, Pontinus 1856

Scorpicna 1856

Cat Shark 31

Sharks 22

Cat, Blue 134

Brown 142

Channel 134

Channel of the Potomac 138

Chuckloheaded 134

Duckbill 101

Eel 2788

Flannel-mouth 137

Florida 137

Great Fork-tailed 137

Mississippi 137

Mud 142,143

Russian 143

Siwramento 140

Schuylkill 140

Spoonbill - . 101

Stone 144

White 134,138

Willow 2788

Yellow 139,143

Catablemella 554

Catajtyx 25(i4

rubrirostris 2505

Catalina 1322

Catalineta 1322, 1084

Catalinetas 1682

Catalufa 1237, 123g

deloAlto 978

catalt.fa, Priacantbus 1238

Catalufas 1236

Deep- water 977

Cataphracti 781

Cataphructus schnnevoldil 2067

calaphract us, Acipenser 107

Agonus 2065,2067

Aspidophorus 2067

Cottus 2053,2066

I

t I

m

' I
'f .!

'1

i-

I

2936

Index.

Page.

cataphractus, Gasterosteus 749

aculcatus 750

Scapblrhynchus 107

cataractsD, Ceratichthy s 306

Gobio 306

EhinichtUys 306

tlulcia 3C6

cutaractus, Leucosomus 221

catena, BasHOzetus 2309

catonata, Echidna 403

Mursona 403

Poicilia 648

Xenisma.. 648

catenatua, Fundulus 648

GyninothoraT 403

catcnula, Miirronophis ... 403

catesbici, Scams 1638

Spai'isonia 1638

catesbei, Pomotis 1010

catosby, Scania A • 1638

catesby i, Spariaoma 1638

Catflshof the Lakes. 137

Catfish, Bermuda 882

Sea 118,119,128

Small 140.141

Catflshes 114,115

Ga«"-topsaiI 116

catharinsD, t'ristipoma 1323

cathetoplatco, Gstracion oblongus.. 1728

Cathctostoma albigutta 2313

Cathorops 133,2788

gulosus 133, 2788

hypophthalmus 133, 2788

Catochaiuum 1373

Catonotus 1066

fasciatns 1098

flabellatuB 1098

kennicotti 1098

liueatus 1099

Catostomidiu 161

Catostominto 162

Catoatomiis 173, 174

alticoliis 179

auisurus 190

aripopus 172

arduns 179

aureolus 193, 106

aurora 176

bernardini 178

bostoneusis 179

bubalus 165

capriuus 108

carpio 106,100

catostomiia 176,2792

chloropturon 179

clorki 172

Page.

Catostomus commcrsonii 178

communis 170

congestus 192

cypho 184

discobolus 172, 175, 2791

duqitesni 19;t

duqueanii 198

elonjjatus 109

erythrurus 19:;

fiisciiituB 187

faaciolaris 18C

fe(;undus 180, 2794

fiexuusua 17'.t

foraterianus 17ti

geiierosus 17(i

gihbosus 180

gila 180

gracilis 17!)

griseus 175, 2791

guzmauienais 171

hudaoniua 17()

inaignis ISO

labiatna 177, 2792

lactariua " 17')

latipinnis 174,2790

lesueurii lO.'i

longirostris ITti

longirostrum 17ti

maorocheilus 17H

macrolopidotua 194

maculosus 181

megaatomus 181

melanops 187

raelauotus 206, 218, 322

nanomyzon 177

nebulifer 171

nebulifcnis 171

nigricans 181

etowanus 181

occidentalis 178,2793

oncida 193

pallidus 179

planicops 181

plebeiua 171

pocatello iT.'i

reticulatus iT'.i

retropiuuis 175,2791

rex 177, 27ii'J

rhothtt'cus 181

riniiculus 2792

snyderi 2792

sucklii 179

tahoensis 177

teres 179

tcxaiiiia 19'J

tailtoooaensia 27Uj

Index,

2937

Page.

Catostomus tiiberculatns 186

iitawana 17«

velifer 167

xaiithopus 181

ciitostonius, Catust<>in as 176

Cypriniis 176

Phenacobius 304

Cats, Channel 133

Mud 142

Stone 143

Catulu8 23,24

brunneus 24

cephalus 25

retifer 25

uter 25,2745

xaniuriis 24

catulus, Aniviurus nebulosus 141

EvorthoduH 2218

Gobius 2218

Pimelodus 141

oatus, Anieiurns 138

Ainiurus 141

Epiuephelus 1159

PinieloduB 140

Serranus 1150

Silurus 138

<;aii(la bit'iirca, Cba;todon 1562

Gobius loiigissima acuminata 2230

Peri-a nigra 1303

Turdus couvexa 1145

naudacMita, M otella 2560

Khinonemus 2560

candat'urcatus, Amiurus 135

Piuielodns . . 135

caudiilis, Ualichicres 1600

Irldio 1699

Jnlis 1599

PlatvglosBUS 1599, 1600

Pomacentrus 1556

ctiudanotatus, Mesoprion 1262

caudata, Lanina 37

caudatus, Lnpidopus 887, 2844

TrichiuruB 887

candicinctuB, Prilonotus (AncliiBo-

mus) 1742

Tetrodon 1742

caudiciila, Conifer 355

LeptocephaluB 355

randiliinbatiiH, Conger 355

Echelns 855

LeptocephaluB 355

landimacula, Diplodus 1363

HiBmulon 1290, 1302, 13U9

Sargus.... 1363

caudiHpinoHum, MaeruHtoiiia 650,2820

"fxiidispinoHus, NotiiHcopehis 556

3030 107

Page.

caudispinosuB, Scopelus 55 i

Caulurchus 2327

• maiandricuN 2328

caulias, Signiistes 2863

Caulolatiliua^ 2275

CaulolatiluB 2276

atHnis 2277

anonialuB 2277

cbrysops 2277

cyanops 2278

niicrops 2277

princeps 2276, 2277

Jaulolepis 838

longidens 839,2842

Caulopliryue 2734

jordani 2735

Caulopbryninte 2728

Caulopus 594, 596

canlopus, Hoinesthos 2394

caurinuK, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) 220

LeucosomiiB 220

Mylocheilus 219, 220

Sebastes 1821

Sebastodes 1821

Cavalla 875

cavalla, Cybium 876

* ScomberonioruB 875

Cavally 920

cavernosuB, Bathygadns 2581

HynienocephahiB 2580

cavifrons, Anibroplitcs rup<48tri8 .. 990

Diagramnia 1343

Hemitripterus 2023 .

IcelinuH 1892

Tiirandiclitbys 1891

Caxis 1259

caxis, Lutjanus 1260

Mesoprion 1260

Sparus 1259

cayanuB, Pristigaster 43s

cayeiinenwe, Siphostoraa 772

cayennensis, Citbarichthys 2686

Corythroichtbys 'i.r\%

Lutjanus 1404

OtolithiiB..- 1404,1411

Sy ngiiath ub 773

TrachiuotuB 945

Cayennia 2265

guicbenoti 2265

cayennsis. Vomer 934

cayoruni, Corytbroicbtbys 2888

Ogilbia 2503

cayuga, Kiicalia inconstans 7') 4

Notropis 260

atrucnudaliM 260

Cazon tie Playa 36

\Ti%

Pi

ri

' mi

ftj.%:^if'.^L."',;-:.*..>ft -Xd

»1

I 1.

fl '

2938

Index.

%

L4

^1 !

(

Pago.

CebedichthyiniB 2349

Cebedichtliys 2426,2869

cristagalli « 2427

violaceuB.. 2427

C6falo 811

celatus, Batrachtis 2316

CeniBopbius 243

CentauruB 1753

boops 1755

CentrarchidBJ 084

Ceiitrarchinic 985

CentrarchuB 988

ivneuB 9!)0

faBciatiiB 1012

bexacantbus 987

interruptiiB 991

luacropteriiB 088

maculosuB 091

pentacanthuB 900

pomotiB..' 989

tetracantbuB 1 540

viridis 992

centrarcbus, Cichlasoma 1 '>26

HeroB 1526

Centridermicbtbye analiB 2013

asper 1944

bicornis fcl3

globicepB 2017

gulosns 1945

niaculoBiia 2014

uncinatha 1906

centrina, CallorbynchuB 95

CentriscuB 759

Bcolopax 759

CentrobleniiiuB 2435

uubiliiB 2438

centrognatbuB, Zanclns 1688

Centrulabrus 1575

exoletus 1576

CentroIupbidtB 962

CBntrolophiniB i;62

Centrolopbua 962

liparia 963

morio 063

uiger 963

pompiluB 963

CentronotuB 900,2414

alectrolopbiiB 2422

apuB 2430

argenteuB 800

conductor 900

criatagalli 2423

dolicbogaster 2417

dybowHkii 2431

fasciatna 2418

gardenil 048

Page.

CentronotiiB fruncllifonnis 2421

giiiineilnB 2410

islandicuB 2438

IflPtuB 2420

nebuloBiia 2414

(Opistbocentrua)

quinquomacnlatua ■ 2430

pictuB 2416

roBCua .2420

BpinoBUB 948

taczauowskii 2416

CentropboruB cdclolepia 55

centroplenra, Cottua seniiacabra . . . 1945

CentropomidBB 1116

Centropomua 1117

afflnis 1124,2853

albuniiia 1475

iilbua 113')

appeudiciilatUG 119

ariuatua ).123

auratas 1107

brevis 1125

cuvitri 1121

ensifeniB 1125,285;!

gri.'ndocnbitua ll'.io

luteuB 1024

inedina 1120

mexicanua 1121

nfgrescena 1119

paralleluB 1122

pectinatus 1122

pediraacula UIU

robalito 1123

rubeiiB 1107

Bcaber 1124

uudecimalia 1118

niidecimradiatuB . HI!)

uuionensia 1122

viridiB 1118

ContropriHtes 1198

annularia 1214

atrariua 1200

aurorubena 1278

ayreai 1205

bivittatuB 1205

braailiensia 1221

diapiluruB 122ii

fascicalaria 1208

fuBCulua 1211

laciopercanua 1210

macrophtbalmua 1281

m.-Tupoma 12U(i

uierua 116'J

uigricana 1200

oculatua 1283

ooyuruB 120U

Index.

2939

Page.

CentropriBtes pbiladelphlons 1201

phoBbe 1212

prsBstigiator 1^14

psittaoinns 1213

radialis 1205

radians 1208

rafns 1109

striatns 1100

snbligariua 1219

tabacarina 1215

tridens 1202

trifurca 1202

trifurcns 1202

Cuntropyge 1682

Centroscyllium 56

fabricii 56

CentroscyniDUB 54

ccelolepia 55

centrura, Uaaibatis 83

Dasyatis 83

Riya 83

Centruropbis 381

Centridermicbtbys armatas 2012

cepediana, Megalops 416

cepedianum, Dorosoma 416

exile 416

cepedianus, Chatoegsns 416

Priacantbus 1238

Cepbalacandia „ 2867

Cepbalacantbidffi 2182

Cephalacp.ntbuB 2183,2867

Tolitans 2183

Cop aaleutberaa 89, 2750

Cepbalocasais 119

Cepbalogobiua 2210

cephaloides, Cottns 2008

Cepbalopholis 1143

Cepbaloptera 02

jobni 03

manta 03

vampyras 93

Cepbalopterua 92

gioma '. 03

bypostomns 02

Cepbaloacyllium 23,25

CepbaluB 228,1753

brevis 1754

oocberani 1756

elongatua 1756

ortbogoriacna 1754

pp.Ilasianaa 1754

varina 1756

cepbaluB, Catulns 25

Gobieaox 2332

MngU 811

ParaUparis 2141

Page.

cepbalna, Semotilua 222

Gepolopbis 2477

Cepphus 2540

cerapaluB, Opaunns 2316

ceraainoa, Gobieaox 2336

Hypailepia cimiituB.... 283

Notropis 283

Ceratacantbua 1717, 1718, 2860

aurantiacua 1718

punctntiit: 2860

acba;pfii 2860

Bcriptua 286o

Coratiaa 2729

carunciiiatua 2732

coueaii 2732

bolbolli 2720

uranoBcopuB 2730

Ceraticbtbys 252,314

aiiiblopa 321

biguttatua 323

cataracto) 306

comiiigii 318

cyclotiB 323

dlBaimilia 319

gelidua 317

byalinua 321

bypainotua 320

labrosiiB 319

leptocepbalua 323

lucens 321

niicropogon 32^

luonacua 318

nubiluB 312

pbyaign ktliua 326

pluiubeua 324

proatheroiua 324

rubrifronb 320

sallaji 212

aquamileutua 323

Bterletua 316

BtigniaticuB 323

aymnietricuB 246

ventricoBiiB 309

vigilax 253

zanemua 310

Ceratiida* 2727

Ceratiinaj 2728

Ceratiua sbufeldti 2731

Ceratobatia 2766

robertaii 2756

CeratooottuB 1939

dicerauB 1040,1941

lucaai 1040

Ceratoptera 02

vampyrus 03

Ceratoscopelaa 567

H

t ,1

r
J,

\ I

^f

%

m

Ml

%\

1 1^

v^

!l J

I 1

>.' 1

It i

4 I

r

'.i

■'1

i

H

',1

2940

Index.

Page.

Ceratosoopelns madeirengis 557

cercostigma, Cj'prinella 275

Minnilus 276

Notropis 274

Cerdale 2448

iontbaa 2449

oerdale, Carcbarhinus 2746, 2747

Soytalina 2454

Cerdalidaj 2448

Cerna 1148

acutirostris 1181

gigas 1154

niacrogenia 1181

nebnlosa 1181

sicana 1162

Oernier 1139

cemium, Poly prion 1139

Cero 875

cerrinum, Lepophidium 2484, 2485

Moxostoma 107

cerrinua, Ptychostomus 197

Teretulns 197

cervuB, Synauceia 1941

Gestracion 43

franciBci 21

pantherinua 21

quoyi 21

Cestraciont Sharks 19

CestreuB acoupa 1404

albuB 1411

carolinenBiB 1409

leiarchas 1415

microlepidotas 1415

nebulosas 1409

nobilia 1413

nothua 1407

obliqnatua 1405

otboDoptarus 1405

parvipinnis 1410

phoxocephalus 1414

regalia 1407

tbalassinua 1408

reticulatuB 1409

aquaniipinniB 1404

stolzmanni 1412

xantbulum 1411

Cestrorbinns 43

cetaceuB, Squalaa 51

Cetengraulis 450

brevis 450

edentuluB 450

engymen 2815

mysticetus 450

CetomimidsB 549

Cetomimns 549

giUii 649

Page.

CetominnB storeri 550

CetorbinidcB 50

Getorbinns 51

maximuB 61

BbavianuB 51

ceuthceoum, GobiBoraa 2261

centboeons, Barbolifer 2260

GbtenicbthyidiB 2293

ChtenobryttuB 991

antistiuB 992

gnloBUB 992

CboBnomagil 816

proboBcideuB 816

GbHiDopainie 2347

CbsBnopslB 2403

ocellatuB 2403

GbaerojuliB..... 1587

araogoi 1597

bivattatuB 1507

cinctuB 1593

crotapbuB 1598

cyanosigma 1591

grandisquainia 1597

bumeralis 1597

IntemaBaliB 1594

maculiplnna 1595

radiatuB 1591

ruptuB 1503

GbsBtodipteruB 1667

faber 1668

zonatuB 1668

CbsBtodon 1672, 1673, 1677, 1679, 2859

alepidotUB 966

arcuatua 1680

atsBniatoB 1676

aareaa 1680

aya 1675

bimacnlatua 1674

bricei 1678

caneacena 1688

capiatratus 1677

Cauda bifarca 1562

chirurgns 1692

ciliariB 1685

oomutua 1688

couaga 1691

cyprinaceuB 1388

faber 1668

glaucua 941

gracilis 1675

bumeralis 1674

lanceolatuB 1400

littoricola 1680

iHtescens 1680

niaorolepidotuB 1677

maonlooinotuB 1674

— T^'W'.T,";- r'

Index.

2941

Page.

Chtetodon marginatus 1562

maurltii IS62

nigrirostris 1673, 1674

ocellatns 1674

oviformis 1668

parr8B 1685

paru 1681

plamleri 1668

rhomboides 042,2848

aargoides 1562

aaxatilia 1562

sedentariua 1675

aquamuloauB 1685

atriatna 1677

tricolor 1684

trioBtegaa 1691

unicolor 1676

zebra 1691

chsBtodon, Apomotia 995

Cottua 2316

MeBogoniatiua 995

Pomotia 995

ChsBtodontidie 1669,1670

ChtetodontinsB 2860

Chffitodontopa 1672,1673

ChtetoatomuH 160

aapidolepia 159

flscheri 160

gaucbarote 159

chagresenaia, Chaicinopaia 337

chagreai, Ancistma 160

Pimelodella 154

Pimelothia 154

ohaloenm, Priatopoma 1338

chalcena, Orthopriatia 1337

Cbalcinopais 337

chagresenaia 337

dentex 337

atriatolna 337

chalcogramma, Theragra 2535

chalcogrammiis, Gadna 2536

PoIIachiua 2536.2537

obaliniua, Epinephelua 1 181

Ghalinnra 2576

fllifera 2577

Bermla 2576

Bimnla 2578

CbalinuruB 2576

CbaliBoma 1699

vebkta 1703

cballengeri, Maodonaldia 617

NotacantboB 618

chalybffiua, Hybopaia 288

MinDilna 288

Kotropia 288

cbalybeiua, ChlorophtbalmuB f-'tl

Page.

obalybeina, Hyphalonedraa 542

ohamsBleonticepB, Lopbolatilua 2278

chamberlaini, Notropia 2800

Cbani 414

Clianidsp 414

CbannelBasa 1453

Cat 134

Cat of tbe Potomac 138

Cats 133

CbannomursBna 404

cubenais 404

vittata 404

Chanoa 414

arabicaa 415

ohanoa 414,2807

chloroptenis 415

cyprinella. 415

indicaa 415

niento 415

nnohalia 415

orientalia 415

Balmoneua 415

chanoB, Chanoa 414

Mugil 415

cbantenay, Raia 71

ohaperi, Aoanthoclinua 2375

ParaolinuB 2374

Chapin 1722,1723

Cbapinna 1721,1722,1723

Chappaul 224

Cbaracinidas 331

Characinina) 332

CharaciuH 331

Cbaracodon 667

bilineatns 668,2831

eiseni 2831

fermgineuB 669

farcidens 669

garmani.; 2832

lateralia 668,2831

luitpoldii 2832

variatna 669, 2831

Cliarr, European 508

Greenland 508,510

Long-finned 509

Oregon 507

Cham 506

charybdia, Lepomis 992

ChaamiateB 182

breviroBtris 183,199

copei 2795

cixjus 183,2794

fecunduB 2794

lioma 183

InxatuB 183, 2794

stoinias 2794

f

i'til

'^m

tm

\^\

' t»'|

^4

hi

^■\

..a:

1

1
}

1

2942

Index.

%

;j I

Page.

Chasniodes 2301

bosciamiR 2394

bosqnianiiB 2394

jenkiusi 2391,2392

novemlineatua 2393

quadrifasciatas 2392

aabniTffi 2392

Cbatoessna 415

cepediannD 416

ellipticuH 416

eumorphus 433

mexicanns 416

petenensis 417

signifer 433

Chauffe-soleil 1548

Chanfife-soleils 1545

CbauliodontidiB 578

Cfaanliodontinffi 578

Chauliodus 684

macoani... 585

ricbarddoni 587

acbneideri 586

setinotna 585

aloanei 585

Cbaunax.... 2726

flmbriatus 2726

nuttingii 2726,2727

pictus 2726

Cheilichtbys 1729; 1730; 1734

asellna 1740

psittacns 1740

paohygaster 1788

CbelloilipteridsB 1105

CheUodipterinsB 1105

Cheilodipterus 946,1112

acoupa 1404

afflnis 1113

ohrysopterus 1324

beptacanthus 947

Cbeilonemus 220

pulchellus 222

Cbeilotrema 1465,1456

Cheiragonus 2038

gradieiis 2041

Chelidonichthys 2175, 2867

pictipinnia 2175,2867

Cbelnio pelta 1671

Chelmon aouleatua 1671

chemnitzii, Notacanthna 614

cbeneyi, Cottogaater 2851

Cheonda 228,230,236

csemleus 232

cooperi 236

modesta 234

Cherna 1157

american& 1160

Page.

oberiia, Antbiaa 1157

Cberna CrioUa 1157

deVivero 1160

Cherno de lo Alto 1151

cbesteri, Phycia 2656

Uropbycis 2556

Cbevalier, Ombre 508

obevola, Galliobtbys 932

Cbi 209

Cbiasmodon 2291

nigor 2291,2292

ChiasmodontidaB 2291

ChiasmoduB 2201

Chicarro 911

obickasavensis, Luxilns 275

Chicolar 879

Cbigb 200

cliihnahna, Notropis 265

Obilara 2488

taylori 2489

obilenaia, Brama 960

Caranx 927

Exocoetna 730

Pelamys 87n

Sarda 872

cbilitiouB, Hybopais , 287

Nctropis 287

Chilodipterus 1112

cbiloensis, Agonopaia 2069

AgonuB 20C!)

Aapidorpborns 2UG!)

Cbilomycterus 1747, 1748, 1750

antennatas 1750

antillarum 1740

atinga 1750

oalifomienBiB 1751

foliginoBUB 1749

geometricus 174<.i

poncticnlatuB 175U

retioulatns 1751

spinoBua 1749

Gbilorhinua 372

Bnensonii ,')T2

Chiniffira 94

abbreviata !).'>

affinia 95

argentea 95

borealis 95

oriatata-. 95

mediterranea 95

monatrosa 94

plambea 05

Cbimseraa o;)

Chimaeridas 93

GhlmaBrinro 94

CbituHiroidei Oil

Index.

2943

Page.

GhimsBroids 03

Chlno, Escolar 1114,1284

Mojarra 1377

Chinook Salmon 479

cbioBtictus, Entomacrotlua 2398

Salariaa 2308

cliiquita, Aboma 2241

Gobius 2241

Chirivita 1679

Chirivitas 1679

Chiro 410

Cbirocentrodon 435

tteniatua 435

Chirolopbinffi 2347

Chirolophis polyactocepbalua 2409

Chirolophns japonicua 2409

Cbironectes 2717

arcticns 2717

ISBvigatus 2717

mentzelii 2724

ninltiocellatuH 2725

pictus 2717

principia 2719

scaber 2723

sonutagii 2717

tenebroaua 2719

tigria 2723

tumidua 2717

Chiropaia 1866

conatollatna 1868

guttatiiA 1869

nebulosua 1872

Cblrostoma 792,2839,2840

bartoni 793

braailiensis 794

beryllinum 798

estor 792,2839

grandociile 2839

hnmbohltianiini 793, 2839

793

797

806

795

........ 1692

1692

1866

1873

1869

1869

1868

1872

1868

1866

1872

1870

1870

Cblms pictiiB

trigammna.
chirua, Xipbiater...

Xiphiatea ..

jonlani

peninanlsB .

aicculum . . .

vagrana ...

oliirurgua, Acanthurus.

Chtctodon...

Cbirua .,

baliaa

conatellatua

decagrammus...

giittatiia

hexagrainniua..
maculoaeriatua
monupterygiua.

nebulosua

ootogrammiia . .
ordinatua

Page.
1873
1872
2424
2424

Chiael-nioutba 207, 208

chiaoyenaia, Pojcilia 693

Chitonotua 1889

ChitonotuB megacepbulua 1891

pugetenais 1890, 1891

2676

860

2238

16

16

16

399

398

399

364

364

263

cbittondeni, Cy clopaotta

Chivo

cblamydea, Bollmannia.'.

Chlamydoaelachida)

Clilamydoaelacliua

angiiinena

chlevastea, Gymnothorax

Lyco<lontia

Sidera

Chlopaia

equatorialia ,

clilora, Cliola

Cblorichthys 1605; 2859

bifaaciatua 1009, 1610

braailienaia 1591

grammaticuB 1610

lucaaanua 1607

nitidiasimua 1608

nitidus 1608

aocorroensis 1607

ateindachneri 1609

virens 1610

cbloria, Pseudoacaris 1648

Paeudoacarua 1654

Scarua 1637,1640

Scomber .' 938

cliloriatia, Cliola 278

Codoma 278

chloriatiaa. Notropia niveua 278

chlorocepbalua, Hybopaia 286

MinniliiB 286

Notropia 286

cbloropteron, Catoatoniua 179

cliloropterum, Plectropoma 1165

chloropteriia, Chanoa 415

Proapinua — 1165

Chlorophtbalmus 541

agaaalzii 541

cbalybeiuH 542

ChloroacombrintB 897

ChloroBCombrns 937

car ibbtcua 938

cbloria 2847

chryaurua 938, 2847

ectenuraa 2847

orqiieta 937

BtiruruB 938

m

if

1
.'Si

II5
it

I J»

ill!

i !l

2944

Index.

•f I

I : I

: \

Page.

chloroBoma, Boleoaoma 1060

Vaillantia 1060

cliloroiitictus, Sebantlohthys 1812

Sebastodes 1811

cbloroBtomns, Trisotropis 1170

chloruriim, Plectropoma 1103

Chloriiru8 1642

cblorurua, Hypoplectrus 1103

unicolor. . 1108

SerranuB 1103

CbcBDopgetta 2624

dentata 2630

oblonga 2633

ocellaris 2630

ChVeroiohthys 773

ofatcrostomus, EngranliH 444

Stolphoriis 444

ChfBtoptenis 1270

Cliogset 1577

chogset, Ctenolabrns 1577

LabruB 1577

fulvj* 16T7

Choice, Sailor's 1207,1338

oboirorynchuB, Divans 2841

Choker, Hog 2700

ChologaHter 703

agassizii 704

avituB 704

cornntas 703

papilliferns 704

Chondroganoidea 08, 100

Chondrostei 102

Chondrostonm gardoneum 251

pullum 206

Chondrostominffi 202

Chonophorus 2234

bucculentuB 223C

ChonopboruB flavus 2235

taiasioa 2237

Cbopa 1387

Ainarilla 1386

Blanca 1387

Cbopa Spina 1357,1358

CbopaB 1384

cbordatns, Saccopharynx 406

StylephoruB 2601

Choregon 517

Chorinemus altiiB 800

ioornatuB 809

occidentaliB 808

palometa 800

quiebra 800

Baliens 809

BaltauB 809

ChoriBtiatiam 1136

mbrom 1136

Page.

Chornia Ryba 621

Choropbtbalmus agaaHizii 542

truculeiituB h\'l

ohouicha, Oncorbyncbiis 480

Cbriodorna 719

atberinoidea 710

Chriolax 2148

Cbriolepia 2205

niiniitilluB 2205

Chriomitra 873

ooDcolor 874

Cbriope 254,256,268

Cliroiuides 781,1511

Cbromis 946,1545

atrilobatus 1646

cyaneuB 1547

enobryRuruB 1548

epicuromm 047

feneatrata 1518

fuBco-maculatiis 1540

insolatuB 1548

marginutus 1546

multilineatus 1547

nebulifer 1524

punctipinniB 1548

oliroiuis, Diabaaia 1299

Hicinuloii 1290

LabruB 1483

Cbronophorua mexicanas 2237

ChroBOinuB 200

dakotenaia 210

eoB 210

erythrogaster 209

eo8 210

oreas 211

pyrrhogaster 210

cbroaomua, HybopBis 288

Hydropblox 288

Mlunilua 288

Notropia 288

chryaiirgy reum, Hsemulon 1308

ohryai; ityreus, Brachygenys 1307

chryseua, Rhinoberyx 847

obrysitiir, Dionda 214

cbrj'socepbalna, Luxilus 282

chryaochloris, Pomolobua 425

Clupea 425

cbiyBOgaster, Agosia 313

chryaolenca, Bairdiella ] 438

Corvina 1439

Soitcna 1439

cbryBolencuB, Notemigonus 250

chryaomelaunruB, Spams 1157

ohrysomelaB, Sebastichthya 182C

Sebaatodea 1825,1826

Chry Bophrys caUunus 1350

Index,

2946

Page.

Chryaophrys oyanoptera 1354

taiirina 1334

ChrysopH ncul'Mtiia 1317

clirysopg, GaulolatiliiH 2277

Latilus 2278

Ophlchtliys 386

Ophisurim 385

Perca 1132

RoccuH 1132

Spariis 1348

Steuotomas 1346

chrysopsiH, Hyodon 413

chryaoptera. Perca 1339

cbryaopteron, Haemnlon 1309

chyaopterum, IlHimulon 1309

Spariaonia 1036,1637

chryaopterns, Clieilodipteroa 1324

Diabaais 1309

Leuciacua 221

Orthopristia 1338

Scarua 1637

chrysoa, Carangiia 921

Chrysotoaua 954

chryaotua, Fnndulua 655

Haplochilua 656

Zygoneetea 656

uliryanra, Hairdiella 1433

Scituna 1434

chry aorua, Chloroacombrua 938

Corypbmna 952

Dipteron 1433

Glyphidodon 1567

Latjanua 1276

Meaoprion 1276

Micropteryx 938

MicroapatbiMlun 1567

Ocyurua 1275

Scomber 938

Sparua 1276

chryaua, Caranx 921

chryaypa, Angnilla 348

Cbub 1387

Bermuda 1387

Columbia 219

Flat-beaded 326

Great 232

Indian 322

Nigger 327

River 322

Sacramento 231

SUver 221,320

Steelbacked 205

Tahoe 2798

Cbub Mackerel 866

Chub of iiie Rio Grande 233

Suckera 184

Page.

Cbub of Utah Lake 282

Chuckle-lieaded Cat 134

Cbuaa 2556

ctauaa, Pbycia 2555

Urophycia 2655

Chyioiiiycterua aohoBpfl 1748

oibaria, Lainpetra 13

cibariua, Aramoccetes 13

Cibi Aniarillo 919

Manoho gi9

cibi, Carangoidoa 920

Caranx 920

cicatricoana, Balistea 1700

Pleuronectea 2640

Xanthichthya 1709

Cichla wnea 900

faaciata 1012

iloridana 1012

minima 1012

ohioenaia 1012

atoreria 987

Ciclilaaoma 1514,1515

angiiliferuni 1517

baltoatum 1521

bartoni 1515

bifaaciatum 1521

centrarchua 1526

deppii 1524

feueatratuiii 1518

goodinanni 1516

helleri 1521

intermedium 1517

lentiginoaum 1624

longimanua 1620

macracanthum 1518

margaritiferuni 1519

melanopogon 1523

melanurnm 1523

montezuma 1518

mnltiapinoaum 1525

nebnliferum 1524

nigrofaaciatuni 1525

parma 1619

rectanifulare 1615

roatratum 1522

aieboldli 1516

apilurum 1520

Cicblidw 1512

Cichlida 1612

Ciego, Pez 2501

Cigar-flab 907

cigonella, Belone 713

oiliaria, Alectia 931

Angelichthya... 1684,1686

Baliatea ' 1702

Chaetodon 1685

'm

'^%n

ill

\4

i';^.^ fe;.

., ,1

^•JHffBBBE;

1^'

2946

Index,

Page.

oiliarls, HoIacanthuB 1085

Poraacanthus 168S, 1686

Zeua »:i2

Clliata argentata 2550

oiliatua, Baliates 1715

BlenniuB 2457

Epinephelas 1784

Monacanthua 1714,1715

Petroiiiyzon 12

SebiistfKlea 1783

oimbrla, Motella 2560

oimbricus, Enchelyopus 2561

cimbriiiB, Enchelyopus 2560

GaduB 2560

OuoB 2661

RbinnneniuB 2561

Cincinnati, Acipenser 106

oinctuB, ChseroJuliB 1593

Julia 1593

oinerea, Alutera 1720

Amia 113

Etbeostoma 1078

cinereum, AnloBtoma 755

Etbeostoma 1078

Xystsema 1372

cinereus, AnloatomuB 755

Gerres 1370

MaroronruB 2585

Microspathodon 1570

doraalis.. 1570

Mngil 1373

NothonotuB 1078

TnrduB peltatus n73

cingulatuB, FnnduluB 656

PomacanthuB 1680

Zygonectes 655, 650

circnmnotatus, Soanis 1641

cirratum, Ginglymostoma 26

cirratua, MilTUB 2183

Phycis 2554

Squaloa 26

UrophyeiB 2553

Cirrbisomns 1729

Cirrbites 1491

betauraa 1402

riTulatas 1401

Cirrhiticbtbya 1401

riytilatas 1402

Clrrbitidffi 1400

Cirrbitoid Fisbea 1400

Cirrbitoide 781

Cirrbitoidei 1400

CirrbitoidB 1490

oirrbosam, Lepisoma 2362

cirrboBUS, Blepaiaa 2018

TraobinuB 2019

Page.

Cirrimena I46ii

oirriB, Cottus plurirais 20Vi;

Cirrostomes i;

Cisco 4(!g

Moon-eye 46!)

Cisco uf Lake Miohigau 400

Tippecanoe 46u

CiBcoea 407

cismoiitanuB, CoregonusMrillianisoni 40;i

CitliarrRdiiB 1672

Citbarichtbys 2678,2681!

aatbalion 267:i

aramaca 267'J

arctifrona 268^

cayennenHis 268U

dinoceros 2681!

fragilis 2680

gilberti 268r.

guatemalenaiB L'dSd

latifrona 267 1

macrops 2684

mioroBtomns 26KK

ooellatuB... 267:>

ovolia 'J674

panamensiB 2677

platophrya 2683

pcBtulus 2071!

Bordidus... 267ii

Bpilopterna 2685,2680

stigniieus 2681

sumichrasti 2686

ubleri 2681

unicornis 268,'!

ventralis 2670

xantbostigmuB 26Mi

CitlianiB 2614

platesBoidea 2615

citriuelluB, Heros 15114

Citula !)JU

banlcsi 027

dorsalis 9;i(i

oiuciara, Ecbelna 35ti

civilia, Hybognathus 21 '1

Clam Craclter 8:;

Clamagore 16r>'.'

clara, Ammocrypta pelluoida 106:t

Menidia 801

clariaa, Pimelodus 155

SiluruB 155

Claricola 1066, 1069, lOliJ

clarionensia, Uolacanthus 16»*:!

Myripriatis 2842

clarionis, XesumB 1695

clarki, BogoBlovius 2575

CatostomuB 173

Fario 601

-.■i'k-.-^jj"rt«'?^.,»?'.-*'iH

Index.

2947

nlsrki, Pantostena 172

olarkil, Salmo 402,2819

bonvireri 2810

gibbsil 2819

henHhawi 2810

lewlsi 2819

macdonaldi 2810

pleuritlcua 2819

Bpilurua 2810

Htomiaa 2819

tahoensis 3870

Tirginalis 2810

olamm, Eiheoatoma pellucidum . . . 1063

olathrata, Atratoperoa 1108

dathratua, Labrax 1198

Paralabrax 1197,1198

- Serranua 1198

claudalna, Hyodon 413

olavifannia, Moxostoma 186

olavifjer, Cottna 1030

Enophrya 1038

clepsydra, Murnna 2805

Clepticinae 1574

Cleptioiia 1586

geuizara 1587

parroe 1686

clevelandi, Fhoxinua 237

("levelaudia '. 2254

ioa 2254

longipinuia 2255

roaiB 2255

Cliiig-flalies 2326,2320

CliiiiniB 2344

Clinocottua 2012

analia 2C12

Clinoatomiia 228, 230, 239

afflnia 230

elongatua 240

funduloidea 239

hydropblox 238

margarita 241

montanua 238

pandora 234

phlegethontis 243

proriger 240

tsBnia 238

Clinna aculeatua 2433

bimaculatua 2358

oanariensia 2.')62

capillatua.... 2362

delalandii.' 2386

evides 2353

gUlii 2358

gobio 2365

hermineri 2362

lumpenaa 2438

Page.

Clinna macrocephalna 2364

maculatiia 2433

mediua 2435

mohri 2438

nobuloana 2438

nigripinnla 2170

nnchipinnia 2-162

ooellatua 2357

ocellifer 2363

peotlnifer 2362

philipli 2360

prceciana 2441

pnnctatna 2440

uniniaculatua 2441

zonifer 2350

Cliola 252

alta 322

analoatana 279

aurata 272

billingaiana 272

bubalina 273

oarulea 277

calliaema 273

calliatia 276

callinra 275

camura 280

cblora 263

chloriatia 278

cobitia 305

delioioaa 272

cnryopa 270

enr}'atonia 277

forbeai 272

formoaa 271

fretenaia 261

galactura 279

gibboaa 272

gnnniaoni 273

baematura 218

hadeouia 269

bypaeloptera 280

iria 272

jugalia 272

leonina 271

lepida 273

lineolata 263

longiroatria 267

ludibunda 273

lutrenaia 272

microatoma 264

miaaurienaia 262

niontiregia 272

nigrotsBniatM 264

nivefi 278

not'ita 274

nubila 215

..'.u.ic::"..',f;^:!»M-i~ii-U

2948

Index.

]/

/

\\-'%

I \ .'

-3»I

li

Page.

Cliolaornata ' 271

procne' 264

pyrrhomelas 281

rubripinna 281

sallfei 212

salutlana 270

Pima 267

sioithii 253

spectrancula 265

stigmatura 275

atoreriana 270

straminea 262

Buavis 272

taurooepbala 253

trichroiatia 276

tuditana 253

umbrosa 273

urostigma ' 275

velox 253

venuftta 274

vigilax 253

vittata 258

vivax 253

Whipple! 279

xscnura 280

Clodalus 412

clodalufl, Biodon 413

Clapauodon 422

aureus 434

caeruleus 423

pseudohispaoicua 423

Clupea 421

lestivalis 42'/

anobovia 429

apicalin 429

atherinoides 451

aureu 434

brasiliensis 411

cierulea 421

carolinensis 434

chrysochloria 425

elongata 4fil

esca 421

i'aaciata 426

baler 421

barengua 421, 422

beterura 416

hudaoiiia 200

bunieralis , 431

indigena 428

lamprotH'uia 410

latulua 422

leacbi 422

libcrtatis 433

Uneolata 422

macrocephclb 411

Page.

Clnpea macroptbalma 430

mattowacca 420

luediocri 426

megalops 42C

membraa 421

menhaden 434

minima 422

mirabilia 422

neglecta 434

pallasii 422

parvnla • 420

paeudoharengua 420

paeudohiapanica 424

puailla 426

aadina 420

aagax 421!

atolifera 432

thriaaa 432

tbriaaina 431

tyrannua 434

vernalis 420

villoaa 521

vireacens 420

vittata 421

Clupeidffi 417

clupeifoniiis, Coregonns 465, 409

Salmo 460

Clupeinm 418

Clupeoidea 407

clupeoides, Engraulia 447

Stolepboraa 447

clupeola, Harengula 429, 430

Sardinella 42!)

Clupeonia 428

Clypeocottua 1937

robuatna 1938

Coal-flah 1862,2534

coara, Gruabi brasilienaibns 1 3U'>

Coast Range Trout 500

Coballito del Mar 776.777

Cobbler 640,641,9^1

Cobeaaicontic Smelt 524

Cobia 94H

Cobitia heteroolita 64i

killiflah 641

mt^jalia C.ia

cobitia, Cliola 305

Leuciacna 30r)

Tiaroga 305

coccinena, Lycodea 240!)

Scarua I6;ir>

coccogenis, Hypailepis 285

Leuoiacus 28'i

Minnilua 285

Motropia 284

coocoi, RbimoBcopelua 568

Index,

2949

Page.

430
426

4:i6

426
421
434
422
422
434
422
.. • 426
426
424
426
420
423
432
432
431
434
426
521
42(i
421
417
- 465,469
46(i
418
407
447
447
• 429,430
429
428
i937
1938
1862, 2534
1305
500
776. 777
0,641,9^1
524
948
641
641
039
305
305
305
2469
1635
285
285
285
284
668

Page.

(^Gccoi, Scopelus 569

Stenobrachius 569

(^ocherani, Cephalus 1756

Cochinito 1694

Cocliino 1703

(yochlognatbna 251

biguttata 252

ornata 252

ornatiiH 252

(.'ocincra 918

Cocinero Dorado 921

Cock and hen Paddle 2096

Cockeye Pilot 1555,1561

Cjcuj'o 1709

Cod, Blue 1875

Buffalo 187P

Cultus 1875

Green 2534

Wachna 2537

Codfish, Alaska... 2541

Comnv II 2541

Greenland.. 2542

Codfishes 2531,2540

Codling 2552.2555

Codoma 254,256,270

CH3riilea 277

callisema 273

calliatia 276

chlorietia 278

ourj'stonia 285

ornata 271

pyrrliomelas 281

Btigmatiira 275

trichroistia 276

vittata 258

xi^nara 280

Codorniz 1467

Cods, Cultus 1875

Coecilophia 381

Cu'cula bascanium 380

sGuticaris 379

teres 379

cihcus, Gastrobranchus 8

ciflestinns, Bagrus 125

I'stiudoacarus 1655, 1656

Scams 1656

Coelho 882

riflolepis, Centrophorus 55

Ciulorhynchus 2587

carminatua 2588, 2589

carribiuns 2589

occa 2587

Bcaphopais 25U0, 2591

cd-nosa, Parophrys 2639

cinuosuH, Pleurouichthys 2638, 2630

uwruleum, Etbeostoma 1088

Page.

ca>ruleum, Etheostoma spectabile . . 1089

csraleus, Astatichthys 1089

Pcecilichlliys 1089

cognata, Urnnidea 1955

coguatiis, Cottus 1954

Coho Salmon 480

colias, Scomber 866

colii, Salmo i; '9

coIinuB, Gadus 2535

Coliacus : 217

parietalis 217

colIapHiim, Moxostoma 190

collapsus, Ptychostoniua 180

colletti, Careproctus 2131

Colloltia 567

uocturna 567

rafineMquei .567

coUioi, Hydrolagus 95

Colocuphali 346,388

Cololabis 726

brevirostris 726

Colomeainm 1727

Colomesiia 1740

paittacus 1740

colunus, Serranus 1222

Colorada, Mantararia 2754

colorada, Li^ja 1713

Vie,ja 1639

Colorado, Bagre 122

Pargo 1264, 1267, 135C

Perro 1583

Peacado 1453

Colorado, Lutianus 1268

Lutijauiis 1268

Neoiniunis 1267

Colorado Kiver Trout 496

culoratum, Aulostoma 755

coluber, Genipylus 884

Columbia 784

Chub 219

Klver Sucker 178

Trout 492

Salmon 479

Columbia trnusmontana 784

colunibianua, Pantoateua 172

Vomer 934

comatuH, Cypselurua 736

£xoc<etUB 736

comes, Roccua 1407

coniineraoni, Carcharhinus 38

commersonii, Catoatomus 178

CyprinuB 179

Fiatulariii 758

Common Alligator Fish 2061

American Sea-TIorae 777

Angler 2713

2050

Index

\

■:}
■i

^1

Page.

Coinnion Atlaii tic Salmon 486

BiiflFaloFish 163

Bullhead 140

IJurr-flsh 1748

Cobbler 641

CodflBh 2541

Dolphin 952

Eastern Pickerel «27

Stickleback 748

Flatfish .'. 2647

GarPlke 109

Grunt 1304

Gurnard 2156

Half-beak 721

Herring 421

Killiflsh 640

Mackerel 865

Mullet 811

Pdmpano 944

Pike 628

Pipefish 770

Kattail 2583

Red Horse 192

RockBass 990

Sawfish 60

Scup 1346

Shad 427

Skate 68

of California 73

Spotted Moray 395

Sting Ray 83

Sturgeon 105

Sucker 178

SunSsh 1009

Surf-fish 1504

Surgeon 1691

Swordfisli 894

Trunk fish 1723

Weakflsh 1407

Whitefish 465

cumninnis, Catostomus 179

Leucosouius 326

Liparis 2118

Platygobio 326

Pogoniclithys 326

CDUipIauata, Cypr inella 272

Moniana 272

cuiupressa, Lota 2551

compressua, Bassozetus 2508

Bathynoctes 2509

Bathyonus 2509

Engraulis 447

Gadus 2551

Nauclerus 900

RutihiB 282,296

StolephoniB 447

Page.

concatenatus, Ostracion 1723

Concliognathus 349

grinialdii 349

concinuuB, Amblodon 1484

Gaaterosteus 745

concolor, Aminoccptes 11

Chriomitra 874

Euschistodus 1559

Ichthyomyzon 11

Lycodes 2 ' "li

Nexilarius 1559

Pctromyzon 11

Sconiberomorus 873

Thyrsoidea 396

Condenado, Koncu 1306

conductor, Centronot us 900

Conejo 596,882

Coney 1141

confertns, Hyborhynchus 217, 218

Pimephalcs pronielas 217

confinia, Pimelodus 141

Salnio 505

confiuentus, Fuudulus 650

Salino 480

(■onfumiis, Lavinia 231

Leuciscus 231

Squalius 231

Tigoma 231

conuener, Parn t>rasiliense 960

Conger 35;t

analis 35fi

brasiliensii-. 360

caudicaula 355

ciudilimbatus 355

esculentus 35">

Impressus 35fi

limbatus 360

macrops 35.'>

inicroBtoniiis 356

inordax 387

niger 35'

occidentalis ;j.

opisthophthalmus 3' '.

orbignyanus :I5.'>

rubescens 355

verreauxi 35")

verus 35.''i

vulgaris 35r

Conger Eel of California 39r>

Eels 352,3!)4

conger, Leptocephaliis 354

Muriena 354

Congermnriena 355

balcarica 35(i

rtiiva 367, .'bOl

macrura o'fl

Index.

2961

Page.

356

357

357

192

192

359

155

154

Congrus 353,381

Congermurtena incllissii . .

nitena

prorigcra .
congostnm, MoxoHtoma . .
congestuH, Caiostomus....

Congresox

Cougro liurboso

Congros Biirbosos .

curvidens

leiicopbsDiis

coniceps, Murivnesox

conico, Ostracion oblongus.

conlferum, Oreosoma

Conocara

niacdonaldi

360

355

359

1745

1603

456

457

macroptera 457,458

conocepbala, Gila

conocephalim, Mylopharodon

Conodon

antillaiiua

nobiliM

pacillci

plumieri

scrrifer

Conorhycluis

eonoryiicbus, Albiila

oonspersa, Muricna

Tigoina

cuiiHpersus, Gymnotborax

Lycodontis

Serrauiis

S<iualiiiH

Constantino de las Aletas Prittas. .

constellatus, Chirupsis

Platopbrys

Sobasticbtbys

Sebastodcs

cousuetuB, Salmo

continuum, Hn;niulon

contractus, Khinogobius

cor trainii, Tylosurus

couus, Moxostoirp

Ptycbostomus

convexa Tnrdus cauda

convexifrons, Poniotis

Cony, Horny

cookianus, Apiiododerus
''.toperi, ('beonda

Louuiscus

Metoponopus . . .

Raia

Saline

Squalius

uopei, Adpeuser

787
236
236
2680
73
483
236
106

copei, AleposomuB

Chasinistes

Coitus

Paraliparis

Squalius

Copelandellns

quiesceus

copclandi, Boleosonia

Cottogaster...

Page.
459
2795
1968
2143
236
1100
1100
1046
1045

Kheocrypta 1046

992

994

293

1005

2369

78

2366

2725

1435

865

461

461

602

Copelaudia

eriarcha ,

copii, Leuciscus

Copper-noHcd Broam

Corallicola

corallina, Karcine brasiliensis

corallinum, Crj-ptotrema

corallinns, A nteunarius

Corbineta

Cordylus

Coregoni

Coregoninw

coregonoides, Paralepis

Corcgonus 461, 462, 465

albus 466

angusticeps 466

clupeiformis 465, 469

couesii 463

coulterii 462

barenguH 469

boyi 468,470

464
466
466
471
470
466
466
472
465
468
466
472
465

richardsonii 465, 2816

ruber 638

sapidissinius 466

signifer 51»

tbyroalloidus 518

tullibee 473

bisselli 473

williamHonl 463

clHUiontanus 463

corogouuH, Moxostuma 191

Ptycbostomus 191

coretta, Tbynnus 870

keunicotti

labradoricus

latior

lucidus

merckii -.

nelsonii

neobantoniensis .

nigripinnis

novffi-angliaj

osmeriformis —

Otsego

prognatbus

quadrilatoralis..

%

A

i

m

2952

Index.

%H « 1

coriaceus, Elentberactis.

Rypticus

corinus, Hoxaiichus

conuura, Thyraoidea

Cornet-fishes

Coroeta

cornifer, Achirns

1233

1233

18

394

755

757

2698

cornubion, Lainiin 40,2749

cornubiciis, Sqiialus 49

cornubieuHis, Lepadogaster 2108

Pimeleptoms 964

Rhombus liuvis 2654

cornutiis, AnoplogasU-r 840

Chietodon 1688

Cbologaster 703

Cyclichtbys 1749

Cypriniis 282

Holirantbas 1685

Hypailepis 283

cerasinus 283

cyaneiis 283

gibbns 283

Ltr.i^iscus 283

Minnllns 283

:Notropis 281

cyaneus 283

frontalis 283

Silnrus 759

Zanchis 1687, 1688

coro, Pristipoma 1324

Sciiuna 1324

coroides, Umbrina 1466

Coronudo 903

coronata, Seriola 905

coronatus,CyclopternB 2U97

Enneacentriis giittatiiH . . 1142

Halatractus 906

Potrometopon cruentatuB 1142

Serranus 1142

Zonicbthys 905

Corporal ' 221

coriMtralis, Cyprinus 221, 222

Leucoso-.nus 222

SemotiliiB 221,222

Corpore oblongo glabro 2657

Corsair 1808

cortezianiis, Aprodon 2461

coruscans, A rctozcnus 601

Paralepis 602

Siidis 602

ooniscus, Holooentrus 851

CorvaloB 1477

Corvina 1408 1425, 1455, 1461

aciitirostris 1437

adusta 1448

argyroltiuca 1434

Page.

Corvina annata 1437

biloba 1400

cUrysoleuca 1439

deliciosa.^ 1456

dent jx 142fi

fulgens U3r)

furcraeji . 1460

furtbi .. 1441

niacro;)H 1428

micropH 1445

monacantlia 1419

neglevlA Ii84

ocellata 1454

opbioscion 1448

oscula 1484

oxyptera 1222

ricbardsoni 1484

roncbiis 14:)ti

saturna 1457

stearnsi 1458

stellifera 1445

Biibii'qnalis 1429

trispinosa 144:t

Termiciilaris 1453

Corvina de las Aletas Aniarillas 1410

corviniBforrne, Uraubydouteriis 1320

Ha^mnlon 1327

Pomadasis... III'JV

Corvinus (Joliniiis) Jacobi 1457

Corvula 1427

batabana 14;i(i

macrops 1427, 1428

sanctiivliicilo 1429

sialis 1 4'J8

subipqnalis 1429

Cory nolophiis 2733

reiubardti 2733

Corypbrona 952

argyrurus 953

aurata 953

azorica 053

ciBrulea 1653

cbrysurus 95'.'

dolfyn 953

dorado 9'i3

equisetis 95:i

fasfiolatiis 952

hippuniH 95'J

imniaculata 053

imperialis 952

leasonli 9'>:!

lineata l«19

niurcgravii 95:t

novaciila 101 !i

pen;iforniiH 904

pliimieri 227ti

Index.

2953

P«j{e.

Coryphicna piinctnlata 053

sconiberoides 953

sueuri 953

virgata 953

vlaniiugii 953

Coryphii'nitliB 951

CorypbuiDoideH 2578

carapiiius 2579

uorvegiciis 2579

nipcstrio 2578

Cor.vi)h(rna lineolata 1619

uigrt'scens 1200

paittuctis 1019

Coryphopterus 2210

glaucofrntiniiii 2220

Cory throicliMiys 761, 783, 772. 2838

albirostriH 772.2838

cayanneoHis 2838

cayorum 2838

cosmopolita, Micropteryx 938

Soriola 938,2847

Co8.sypliU8 1581

bodianiis 1583

tlai'wiiiii 1580

diplotii'nia 1582

eiaaiicheri 1583

pectoraliH 1582

piu'llaria 1584

pulcbellUB 1584

i-iifu8 158;<

.erres 1583

costtttesi, Siuiiragdus 2225

('U»tatiis, Bodiai'iis 1402

Micropogon 1403

( ostellatus, Chiriia 1809

CottidiB..» 1879

Cottinae 1882

Cottogaater 1044

aiirantiaoua 1041

cbeiieyi 2851

uopelandi 1045

patiiaiiii 1048

ahuinardi 1046, 2851

iiraiiidea 1044, 1045

Cottopais 1942

aaper 1944

guloHua 1945

parviw 1945

BfiuiHcabor 1950

Cottuuculiis 1992

luiorops 1992

tboniMonii 1993

torvus 1!»4

Cottus 1493, 1941, 1953, 1970

acadian 2023

)«ueu8 1973

3030 108

Page.

CottUH aleuticiiH 1J»57, 2862

alvurdii 1952

aiice]i8 1973

" ".nai 1980

asper 1944

axillaris 1981

bairdi 1950

beblingii 1958

bicornia 1913

boluoidt'8 1968

bruiidti 1984

brodamiis 2006

bubalis 1972

catapbractuH 2053, 2006

cophaloid<>8 2008

cba'todoii 2310

cirris plurimis 2006

t'laviper 1939

••ognatua 1954, 1955

copei 1968

crinlgor 2013

docaat rensis 1983

dicoraua 1941

elegans 1939

overiiiauui 1945

fabricii 2009

forinosiia 1969

Irankliui 1907

glaber 2316

gla(iali» 1970

gobio 1941, 1908. 2009

gubioides 1968

gracilis 1968

gnrnlandiciis 1975

gulosus 1944

beiiiilu]iidotii8 1936

hexaconiis 2003

biriindo 2011

bispidiis 2023

burailis 1979

ictalops 1950

imiii-us 2092

jaok 1978

JaponiciiH 20.30

klainatlieiisis 1955

labradorifua 2004

leiopoiuuH 1062

iiiaciilatiin 1972

niarginatiia 1900

luarmorat'.ia 1983

nieridionalis 1961

iiicrtensii ... 1986

niiiiutiiH 1958

iiiif chilli 1973

iiioiioptcrygiua 2002

niger....! 1083,1080

ill

■:il

t si

m

mm

2954

Index.

II'- !

' %

A

:\ \

Page.

Cottus nigricans 1073

iii V08U8 1085

octodecimapinoHus 1076

unyclins 1053

pactiypuH 1073

perplexus 1055

philonipa 1050

piHtiliiger 2008

platycephalus 1083, 1988

polaria 1000

pollicaria 1041, 1053

polyacanthoccphaliia 1077

poroaua 1075

princepa 1062

piiuctiilatns 1948, 1051

qiiadricornis 2001

quadrifllis 1098,2000

rbotboua 1046

ricei 1 052

richardaoni 1951

Scorpio 1073

ac-orpioidea 1973

acorpiuB 1074

grjcnlandicus 1975

aemiacaber 1049

aeiniacabra centropleura 1045

abaata 1047

apilotus 1061

atelleri 1041

troniopterus 1970,1088

tentaculatua 20U0

tbomaonii 1004

tracbuiua 1936

tricuapis 2000

triptorygiua 2023

uncinatus 1906

ventralia 2008,2000

verriicoaua 1980

villoaua 2022

virginianua 1076

viacoaua 1968

wilaoni 1052

Cotylis nigripinnia 2332

nuda 233 1

stannii 2332

atelleri 2104

ventricoaua 2104

Cot ylopua 2207

gymnogaater 2207

aalvini 2208

couchi, Diouda 216

Montana 272

Conchia argentata 2550

coucbiana, Limia 605

Fcecilia 605

conohii, Fcecilia 695

Page.

Coiichli, Serranus 1130

Coiichu 160

couoaii, Agoaia 31U

Apocope 310

Ceratiaa 2732

Coregonua 463

Cryptopsaraa 2731

I'rosopium 463

Coueaiua 323

adiiatus S'J.'i

diaainiilia 324

greeni 3'J4

ptaysignatbua 32fi

plunibeua 323

proatlieniina 324

aquamilentua 32: t

Couia 183

conlterii, Coregonua 4f)'_>

courbiua, Pogonatlnia 1483

Pogoniaa 148:'.

cromia 148;t

(.'ourpata 97(p

courtadei, Serranua urc'

courviiia, Jobniua 1419

Sciasna 1419

Cow-fish 1724

Cow-nose Ray On

Cow-pilot 1501

Cow Shark Hi

Sharks ] 7

Crab Eater 948

C-abra 1837

Cracker, Clam 81!

cragiui Amiurua .' 141

Etheostoma 1091

Craig Fluke 26,W

crameri, Leuresthea mi

Sebaatodes 179!)

Crampflah 77

Craniomi 781,214(1

Crapet 987

Crappiea 986, 987

craasa, Boloue 7iri

Tigoma 231

crassicauda, Lavinia 231

Leuciscus 231

Siboma 231

crasaieops, Melamphaca 84::

Plectronuia 84:!

Scopelna 843

craaailabre, Moxoatonia 104, 19ti

crassilabriH, Enibryx 24 .V

Geophagiia 1543

Lycodopsia 2458

Lycolia 28(i9

Pty ohostoiuua 194

i:}*t-^:->»V7^-

Index.

2955

Page.

1129
160
310
310

2732
463

2731
463
323

32r.

324
324

32f.

323

324

32:'.

183

402

1483

148:!

1483

970

ll.VJ

1419

1419

1724

911

1501

v^

17

948

1837

8;!

141

1091

2650

8(12

1799

77

781, 2140

987

. 986,987

710

231

231

231

231

84::

84:t

?43

. 194,190

2458

1543

241)8

2809

194

I'age.

crassilabriB, Satanoperca 1542

crassns, Alvoriliua 1034

Esox 627

Lepidoateus 110

Squalius 231

Tylosurus 716

craticula, Z ygonectes 657

CratiniiB 1188

agassizi 1188

Cravo 954

Crawla-bottoni 181, 1038

Crayracion 1746

crebripunctata, Pteroplatea 87

Creek Chub 222

Creekflsh 185

Cremnob'- es 2369

afflnis 2372

altivelis 2371

fasciatiis 2373

integripinnis 2373

mannoratas 2371

monophthalmus 2372

nox 2374

cremnobatca, Labrosomus 2366

Stnrksia 2365,2366

Crenllabrus 1581

microstoma 1576

crenalare, Myctophum 575

crenularis, Tarletonbeania 575

crenulatus. Rhombus ^66

Creole 1586

Fish 1221

creolus, Brachyrhinus 1222

Faranthias 1222

Serranus 1222

crescentale, Gobiosoma 2259

crescentalis, Gcbiosoma 2260

Pomacanthiis 1682

crescentis, Salmo gairdneri 2821

Crested Gobies 2209

crestoiiis, Teuthis 1692

Crevall6, Horse 920

Crevalles 915,920,921

crinigeruni, Siphostoma 771

crinitus, Alectis 932

Blennitis 2383

BlepharichthyK 932

Blepliaris 932

Caraux 932

Gallichthys 932

Zeus 932

Criolla, Cherna 1157

Criollo, Pargo 1265

i-ristagalli, Anoplarchus 2423

Cebe<li«!hthys 2427

Centronotus 2423

Page.

cristagalli, Gobius 2209

cristata, Chimtcra 05

cristatus, Adonis 2383

lileuniuB 2382, 2383

cristiceps, Melamphaes 844

Plect'-onius 843

Cristi vomer 504

namayuuHli 504

siscowut... 505

cristulata, Scorpiena 1841

Crius 970

bertheloti 971

Croaker 1460, 1484

Black 1456

White 1397

Yellow-tailed 1467

croaker, Sviicua 1462

Croakers 1392,1461

croceus, Leuciscus 308

Khinichthys atronnsus 308

crocodilinus, BranchysomophiH ... 388

Ophichtbys 388

Ophisurus 388

crocodilus, Gasteropelet'us 558

Lampanyctus 558

SfopcIuB 558

(Tocota, Plectropoina 1 192

crocotus, Hypoplectrus 1192

unicdlur . . . 1192

croero, Poraa<Iasis 13.33

I'ristipoma 1333

croicensiH, . ychtliys 1051

Scarus 1650

Cromileptes 1148

cromis, Labrus 1483

Pogonias 1482

courbina 1483

cro.sHotU8, Etropus 2689

erotalina, Lycolia 2869

crotalinus, Embry x . . 2458

Lucodopsis 2459

Crotalopsis 386

mordax 387

punctifer 387

crotuphus, Choirojulis 1598

Julia 1531, 1598

Platyglossus 1.598

Crucian Carps 201

crueutatus, Bodianus 1142

LabruH 1238

Petrometopon 1 141

coroiiatUH 1142

Priaca'ithns 1238, 2858

SparuH 1142

cruentifer, Pisoodonophis 377

crumenophthalmus, Caranx Oil

1

m

m

a/

■; I

Ml

i 1
J
i

\'>

I;

[till

2956

Index.

Page.

crunu>iiopbthalinu8, Scomber Oil

Trnc)itirop6 ... Oil

cruorvitin Xipliiilion 2425

crnoreus, S(|ualiiiH 2;i3

Cryptacantliodes 2443

liiuriiatuB 2443

muciilatiis 2443

Cryptacanthodidiu 2442

Cryptops 34 1

Cry ptopsaras 2731

coiietiii 2731

Cryptoptoru» 381, 382

piiiicticeps 382

cryptoaiis, StromateuH 968

Cryptotonuis 1621

anntpunctntus 1624

beryllinus 1624

dentiens 1623

rctractus 1623

roaona 1626

ustua 1624

Cryptotrema 2366

corallinum 2366

crysoleucas, Abraiuia 250

boaci 251

Cypriiius 250

crysoH, Caranx 921

Scomber 921

Crystallaria 1060

aaprella 1061

Cryatallichtbya 2864

mirabilia 2865

crystalliiia, Atherinella 805

Thyrina 804

Cry atollogobilnai 2192

Ctenodax 975

Ctenodoii 2432

maculatus 2433

Ctenogobius 2210,2211,2218

fasciatiia 2223

C tcnolabrus ad8]>erau8 1577

burgall 1577

cteruleua 1577

obogset 1577

uninotatiis 1577

Cuba;, Vomer 934

Cuban Bliudflsb 2501

ciibaiia, Aiigiiilla 348

Miirieiia 348

ciibaiiua, Engraiilis 442

Epinepbeliia 1159

Stolepborua 442

ciibensls, Channomurosna 404

Hynnia 932

Limia 692

Poecilia 692

Page.

Ciibera 1254

cubera, Lutjanus 1255

Cubicepe O.lo

indicus 951

maltiradia)u8 951

pauciradialiia 951

cubifrons, Malthe 2738

Cubahark 38

Cuckold 1724

cuciilua, Trigla 2177

cucuri, Priouodou 4(i

Cucuyo 1701, 1709

Cugupugnacu 1 158, 11 6;t

ciijua, Cbaamistea 18:!

Culiua 21!)a

n;qitiden8 220'J

amblyopais 220ii

belizianua 22iil

pemiger 2201

cultrata, Novacula 161!)

cultratua, Stolepborua 44:!

Xyrichthya 161',)

cultriferum, Priatipoma 1113;!

cultrif'rona, Alutera 171H

Cultua Cod 187.'>

culveri, Traobinotua 942

cumberlaiidicam, Etbeoatoma ila-

bellare 109S

cumingii, Ceratichthya ;t i s

Hybopaia 318

cuneata, Pcucilia 28;i4

Cunner 1576,1,577

cupreoides, Pimelodua 1 40

cupreus. Pimelodua UO

Silurua 140

Trachlnotus 944

Tracbynotua 944

ciiraaaavicua, Baliates 17o!)

cureiiia, Mugil 813, 2841

Gurilicus, Agouua 20.'!0

curilua, Salmo 508, 28i.:t

Curiraata 33'J

magdaleniu S.'i'J

Ciirimatella 'i'Xl

Curimat iutP 3,'i I

CurimatuH ;i;ij

magdalente .'iiij

curtua, Stolepborua 44'i

Vomer !):;4

curvidena, Congrus lltio

curvilineata, Murenopbia 3'.).')

curvuH, Tetrodon 17'J8

Cusk Eels 2481, 2487

Cuaka 2.1t!l

cua])icauda, Alutera 1718

cutiaauaerinua, Carpiocles 167

^"L .,. ^,.:i^. - J.-.' ;.. .fc*:ri.V^-t.^:i^./,' ■ .'-;..- ^vi ".^ t.. .

Index.

2957

Page.
1254
1255

951

951

951

2738

38

1724

2177

40

. 1701,1709

. 1158,1163

183

21!l»

2202

22011

22(11

2201

161!»

443

IGIO

1333

171K

187:p

942

da-

10!t,s

3)S

318

2834

. 1576,1577

140

140

140

944

944

17(10

. 813,2841

203(i

. 508,2813

331!

33'J

33L'

331

33J

33-J

44'.

o:;4

300

3o:i

2481,2487

2501

1718

167

Page.

Gntlass Fisbea 888

Cnt-lips 199,327

Cut-throat Trout 487, 492, 493

ouyleri, Caranx 910

Centroponius : 1121

Gasterosteus bispinoHua... 749

Tetragonnrus 976

Tracburiis 910

cnzamiltp, Scarus 1648

cyanea, Furcaria 1547

oyanellus, Apomotis 996

Ichthyobua 164

Lepoinis 996

cyaneus, Cbromis 1.547

Heliastes 1547

Hypailepia cornntiia 283

Kotropia cornutua 283

Cyanicbthya 1747

cyanocephalna, Iridic 1594

Labrua 1594

Lythrurna 300

Minnilua 300

Notropia unibratilis 300

cyanoguttatna, Hericbtbya 1538

Heros 1537

cyanolene, Spariaoma 1633

cyanonoton, Aloaa 427

Cyanoperca K. 1022

cy anopbrya, Naucratea 900

Paenea 950

cyanops, Caulolatilus 2278

cyanoptera, Cbryaopbrya 1354

cyanopterua, CypaJlurua 2836

ExoccBtua 739

Lntijanua 1255

Meaoprion 1255

Keonnenia 1254

cyanoatigma, Cbmrojulia 1591

Julia , 1501

PIatygloa8U.s l.')91

Cybinm 873

acervnm 875

caballa 876

cavalla 876

immaculatum 876

maculatum 874

petua 877

regale 875

aara 877

8f ndri 877

verany -. 877

CycleptiniB 162

CycleptuB 168

elongatua 168

nlgreacena 169

i

Page.

Cyolichtbya cornutua 1749

Cycloganoidea Ill

.Cyclogaater 2114

pulcliellua 2127

cyclogaater, Liparia 2118

Cyclogobiua 2249

cyclolepia, Microgol>iua 2247

Moaeleya 2570

Kematonuriia 2571

Zaiypuua 2246

Cyclonarte 78

cycb)p()inatii8, Senaiiua 117r>

Cyclopaetta 2675

cbitte&deni 2670

iimbriata 2670

qiierna 2675

Cycloptelclitbya 2103

glaber 2104

atelleri 2104

ventricoaus 2104

Cyclopteridse 2094

CydoptoriiiH! 2095

C'y<'lopteroidc8 2102

gyrinopa 2102

Cydoptorua 2096

<'!brnliMj8 2097

callyodoii 2110

coronal ua 2097

gelatiuoHua 21 35

lineatua 2118

liparia 2118,2123

major 2118

minor 2121

liparoides 2108

lumpiia 2096, 2097

miuutua 2097

montacuti 2108

niuaciilua 2118

nuduH 2336

orbia 2100

pavoninua 2097

pyramidatua 2097

apiuoaua 2099, 2100

atelleri 2104

ven tricoaua 2104

cyclopna, Liparia 2112, 2118

Cyclospondyli 52, 53

Cycloapondyloua Sbarlta 62

cycloatigma, Liparia 2125

Cyclotlione 581, 582

bathypbila 582

elongata 583

luaca 582

microdon 582, 2826

cyclotia, Ceraticlitbya 323

i cyliudraceus, Kivulua 662

^Vr'l^

2958

Index.

'! I

m ..

Pago.

(JylindroBteus 109,110

agasHizii Ill

bart^mi Ill,

caateluaui Ill

prtxliictUH Ill

lafliieHquoi Ill

zaduuki Ill

CymatogaHter 1498, 1502

aggrogatus 1498

ellipticus 150,1

larkinsii 1503

minimus 1497

palchellna 1503

rosaceiis 1500

cyiiiatogramnia, Pileoma 10.53

cyiuatotoinia, Etlieogtoma (lladrop-

teniH) 1042

Ilyitohomus 1041

Cyntedns brama 1360

Cynichtbys 1148

Cynicoglossus 2653

batbybiuM 26.')6

paoiiicus 2055

Cynocephalus 33

cyuoduD, Lutjanii « 1255

Mesoprinu 1255,1260

Cy iioglossa 2653

microcepbala 2655

cynoglossa, Solea 2657

CyiiogloHsino) 2603

cynoglossua, Glyptocepbal us 2656

PleurouecU's 2611

Cynoperca 1020,1021

Cynoimnticus 359

ferox 360

Cynoaoion 1401,1403

acoupa 1403

albus 1411

carolineusis 1409

jaiuaicensis 1406

luiarcbus 1414

macdonaldi 1411

maculatum 1400

inicrolepidotus 1415

nebulosuB 1400

iiobilis 1413

uothus 1406

obliquatus 1405

otbonopter^ 1404

parvipinnis 1410

pboxocepbalus 1413,2859

regale 1407

regalis 1407

reticalatus 1408

squainipiunii4 1404,1405

stolzmauui 1412

Page.

Cyuoscion thalassinns 140T

viroscens 1415

xunthulua 1410

Cynoscium acoupa 1404

oypho, Catoatomus 184

Esox 627

CyphoBUs bosqui 1388

cyprinacous, Chietudon 1388

Cypriuella 254,256,273

analostana 270

beckwithi 273

billingsiana 272

bubalina 273

calliura 275

cercostigma 27.J

ooinplanata 272

forbesi 272

gunniaoiii 273

lepida 273

ludibunda 273

lugubria 274

luxoides 274

macroatoma 274

notata 274

rubripinna 281

auavis 272

texana 274

umbrosa 273

venusta 274

■ whipplii 279

cyprinella, Clianos 415

Ictiubus 163

Sclerognatbus 164

Cypriiiidtn 199,200

Cyprinino) 2U1

Cyprinwlon 670

baileyi 675

boviuun 673

californiensia 674

carpio 675

elegans 675,2832

eximius 673,2832

felicianua 676, 2832

gibboaus 672

latifaaciatua 676

maoularius 674

baileyi 675

marto 675

inydrus 676

nevmleusis 674

parvus 666

riverendi 673, 2832

A'ariegatus 671

CyprinalontiniB 6;il

cy prinoides, Gobius 2209

Lopbogobius 2209

Index.

2959

I'lifie.

Cyprinua 201

americaniiH 250, 2r)1, 1475

atromaciilatuH 222

atniuasus 307

auratiis 201

balteatiis 2;i!)

bullaria 221

biirtnnianiiB 2798

carpio 291

catoBtoiniia 170

caiiriuns 220

coniiuei'Honii 179

corniitiis 282

corporalla 221, 222

crysoloucas 250

gracilis :i26

homtpliiB 250

niaxillingiin 327

niogalo]i8 282

inelaiiuruH 282

ol)longii8 180

oregonensin 22.'>

pala 415

sniitbii 413

Hucetta 180

sueiirii 195

teres 179

tolo 415

vittatns 307

cypriiiua, Carpiodes 107, 108

Cypselnrus 730, 731, 735, 2835, 2830

baliieiiHis 2836

californiius 2836

callopteruH 2836

coiiiatus 736

cyaiiopteriis 2836

furcatiis 737, 2836

gibbifrons 2836

heteriirus 2836

lineatus 2836

uigrioans 2836

xenopteriis 2836

■ypselurns, Progmirus 2800

UyttinaJ 1660

Cyttus hololepis 1662

Dab, Alaska 2645

Kusty 2644

Smear 2654

Dabbler, Mud 640

I)ab8,Mud 2644

Smear 2653

Dace 228,281

Black-iioned 305, 307

Long-noHed 300

Dace, Red-b«llied 209

Page.

Datcntrus 1495

liicoiis 1496

Dactylagnns 2304

mundus 2304

dactyloptera, Scorpiriia 1837

l)actyloi)teru8 2183

cniiimiiiiis 2184

pirapeda 2183

volitaim 2183

dactylopteriis, HelicolenuH 1837

SebaHtes 18J7, 1838

Sobastoplus 1 837

l)<lctyloHCopidH3 2297

Dactylimcopus 2300, 2301

luiiaticuB 2302

pcctoraliH 2301

poeyi 2302

tridigitatus 2301

/.el«t«^B 2303

daotylo.siiB, Parali|iariH 2144

Daddy Sc.iilpin 1974

l)a-ctor 2325

dowi 2325

Da^jauB... 818,819

clioiroryncliiis 2841

inicrops 820

iiumticola 2841

dakotensis, ChroHoinus 210

l)alntiida< 56,620

dalli,(;obiii8 2230

Dallia 621

delicatissima 621

pectorulis 621

dallii, Pteropodus ... 1819

S(>l)astodeB auriculatus 1818

Damalicbtliys 1509

argyrosoma 1510

argyroBomuH 1509

vacca 1510

damalis, Carpiodes 167

il'Ampldra, Mairo 555

Dark-green Parrot-flsb 1638

Darter, lUack-sidtid 1028, 1032

Blue 1088

Blue-breaated 1076

Fan-tailed 1079

Green-Hided 1053

Johnny 1056

Least 1104

Manitou 1027

Rainbow 1088

Tessellattd 1057

Sand 1061,1062

darwini, Cossj'phtiB 1586

Pimelonietopon 1586

SebaHtes 1832

d.iB^-iJL.,:.-;>. ■&-..";^->A^'-.^.

2960

Index,

I ,

. I

r

m i

\ 1

%\ •

Pago.

darwini, Sebastodns 1832

Trocliocopus ir)86

Dasibatis 82

centrara 83

(lipterura 8r>

hastata 84

longa 85

sabiiia 85

Hayl 86

tuborculata 84

(laMpilotns, Piaoodonophia 2803

DasyatidiB 79

DaHyatlnsB 79

Daayatis 82, 83

contriira 83

diptHriirn K5

gymimra 84

liaMtata 83

lon<;a 85

sabiiia 84

say 86

Dasybatus 60, 82

dipteruriis 85

dasycephalus, Ariiis 130

G aloicbthys 2780

HexanematichtbyH . . 130

Dasyscopelus 574

apinosua 575

Dasycottiu 1991

setiger 1991

daubentonii, Caranx 920

davidsonii, Anisotremus 1321

Mouacantbns 1715

PomadasyH 1321

Pristipoma 1321

d:i . isoni, Etheostoma 1049

Ulocentra 1049

Decactyhia 173,174,177

decadactylus, Beryx 844

decagouus, Agonus 2053

Aspidophorns 2054

Brucbyopsis 2054

LeptagouuB 2052

decagrammus, Cbirus 1869

Hexagramnios 1867

Hexagrammtis 1875

Labrax 1808

Decapterus 907

hypodus 908

inacarellas 909

punctatus 907

sanctffiheleniB 908

Bcombriuus 908

Decaptus 906

decastrnnsiB, Coitus 1983

decimalia, Serranus 1 175

Page.

dtMjlJvifrons, Abndefduf 1502

RuBcbiBtoduH 1502

Olypbidodnn 1662

dooliviH, Seriola 005

Zonichthys 905

Decodoii 1584

puollariB 1584

doooratiiB, EntoinacrodiiB 2309

PromicropteriiB 1234

RbypticuB 1234

dec^iirrenH, PleuronicbtbyH 2637, 2638

de Casta, Agiija 8!I2

Mojarra 1372

de Chapala, Poscado Itlanro 702

de doB ColoreB, Pescado Aznl 1557

Vaquota 1684

de Espafia, Sardina 423

deGallo, Pez 895

do la Alto, Isabclito 1074

de la Piedras, Mojarra 1681

de las PiedraB, Pez 17(iO

do Ley, Mojarra 1370

de lo Alto, Cagon 1277

Pargo 1202

Seal 1201

deMar, Abonia 2H>ri

Esmeralda 2204

EsnieraldaH . . 22u:'>

de Marais, Poisson . 1 1 .'(

dePaladar, Agn,ja 892

de Perdrlz, Liza OJo 814

de Playa, Cazon 30

dePluma,Pez 1347

de Raizero, I'argo 1273

deRio, Abonia 2230

Bagres 149

Lengiiado 2698

de Vivero, Cberna 1160

Deep-water Catalufas 977

Gurnards 2177

Porgies 1344

defensor, Caranx 921

deGatoPal 1837

Dekaya 2270

anomala 2277

dekayi, Acipenser lOG

GaHt«roBt«ns 740

IsuropsiB 48

Isurus 48

Phycis 25">5

Pimelodus. 140

Scomber 807

Syngnathus 771

delalandi, Labrisomus , 2350

MalacoctenuB 2358

delalandii, Ciinns 2359

Index.

"2961

Page.

1562

15U2

1562

005

905

1584

1584

23II0

12^4

1234

2637, 26;W

8!)2

1372

792

1557

1684

423

895

1074

16KI

1700

1370

1277

1262

1261

2195

2204

2203

113

892

814

30

1347

1273

2230

149

2698

1160

977

2177

1344

921

1837

2270

2277

lOG

740

48

48

2555

140

867

771

2359

2358

2359

Page.

deLoy, Snnlina 430

delieat UHliua, Dallia 621

Umbra 621

il«lirntiB8iiiiii8, Engraiilis 4t4

StolepbortiB 444

ilollrioaa, CUola 272

Corvinn 1456

Moniaua 262

Sciif na 1455

UelolcpiH 2442

virgatiiH 2442

Delotliyiis 2690

pelluciduH 2601

(lolpliiniia, Minomua 171

PantoateuH 171

del Key, Pesradillos 807

Pescado 806

Pe/, 799

Deltentosteiis 2210

Ddtistea 2794

luxatua 2792

doMer, Brocket 1118

Deinoisello 1543,1561

dendritioa Anclyopsetta 2634

Raninlaria 2633

denegatuB, Pomacentrus 1667

donnyi, Liparis 2124

dentata, Cluvnopsetta 2630

Platessa 2615,2630

PoinatopMetta 2615

Stygicola 2500

dentatus Apailiis 1278

GraramatostomiRS 590

Hi)»poglos8(>ide8 2615

Lucifuga 2500

LntjanuB 1255

MoHoprion 1270

Paralichthys 2629, 2630

Pleuronectes 2630

Pscudorhombus 2630, 2632

Stygicola 2500

TropidiiiiuB 1279

Upeneus.. 859

Dentex 1288

fliamentosus 1289

deutex, Brycon 337

Caranx 927

ChalcinopsiH 337

Corvina 1426

• Engraulis 451

LarimuB 1426

Menidia 801

Odontoscion 1425

Osmerua 524

Scomber 927

DentlciniB 1244

Page.

di'iiticiilatiiH, AiiarrliicbaB 2446

dcnticns, Callimlon 1623

Cry ptotoniiH 1628

denudatiim, noiiOBtoiiia 570

deppii, CichlaHoma 1524

HeroB 1524

dcprandiifi, Kbox 628

dt>i)n<BBa, Belone 211,713

i'latularia 767

di>pree>RUB, LoncliuruB 1482

do Ralzero. Cabrilla 1171

l)ur»'i)odichtliy idii- 2480

Deropodicbtby H 2480

alepidotiiH 2480

DerlchtbyidnN 343

Dericbtliys 343

BerpentJini8 343

dermatiniiB, Lycodt'pnB 2492

Salmo 479

Doniiatolepia 1166, 1168

angiiBtifrons 1160

iiierniiH 1167, 2855

punctatuH 1163

7,an<!luB 2854

dermatolepin, EpincpbcliiH 1169

I )ennato8tetliU8 761, 768

puiicti]>inni8 763

deHmarestia, Uaia 71

detersor, Julls 1610

detruana, Gillicbtbys 2251

DevilHsb 92

Devil, Soa 91,02,2727

Diabaais 1201

aurolineat 118 1309

chromiB 1299

clirysopteriia 1309

•■legaiiB 1304

flavoIinentUM 1306

fremebiiiidn8 1207

maciilicamla 1314

obli(|ii,\t\i8 1304

parra 1299

pliimieri 1306

8cuddnri 1300

Bteindaclineri 1302

trivittatn8 1311

Diablo 2737

Diabolichtbys 02

elliotti 93

diabolas, R^ja mariiuis 93

Diacope 1247

viridis 1240

diadema, PaeiidoscaruH 1646

ScaruB 1646

Diagramma cavlfrons 1343

melauuspil urn 1321

i^j.'^ '■'.■■J.i'it-^:

ri '

:M'

' • ■ i

2962

Index.

Page.

Dialommus 2868

fiiscus 2868

diapkana, Hydrargyra 643

Kaia 71

Sternoptyx 603, 2826

Diaplianiohtliys 353

diapliauus, Callinrns 096

Fundulus 645

menona 645

Diaphasia 2495

Diaphus 564

theta 564,565

diapte-a, Furcella 2472

Diaptorus 1373,1375

califomieusis 1370

dowi 1368

gracilis 1370

hoinonymus 1371

lefroyi 1372

diapterus, Auiiiclithys 1113

Lycodes 2473

Dibranchus 2743

atlauticus 2743

dicerauH, Ceratocottiis 1940, 1941

CottuB 1941

Enophrya 1941

Dicerobatis 2756

Dicerobatus 92

Dick, Nigger 327

Slippery 1595

Uicrolene 2522

intronigra ■ 2522

Dicromita 2506

agassizii 2506

Dicrotus 882

parvipinnis 883

Dictyosomatina) 2349

diego, Scomber 867

diencmua, Eupomaceutrun 1552

ditlbrmis, Carpiodes :'.^

digitatus, Lycodes 2466

digitis, Trigla vicensis 2183

digraniiniis, I'leuronecteit 2041

dilecta, Anclyopsetta 2336

Notoaema 2630

dilectum, Notoaema 2635

dilectua, Alburnus 294

Notropia 294

Dimal8':oceiitru8 1613

di Mare, Cane 48

dimidiata, Mycteroperea 1 179

dimidiatua.Kpinephclus 1179

Oaateroateua 749

Halichffires 1594

Ictliycallus 1504

Julis 1594

Page.

dimidiatua, Leucna 244

Platygloasua 1594

SerranuB 1179

Syngnathus 765

Triaotropis 1179

Dinectua 103

truncatus 106

Dinematichthya marginatua 2502

ventralis 2503

Dinemus 854

venuatus 854

dinemiia, Minnilus 293

dinoceros, Citharichtliya 2682

Diodon 1744,1747

antennatos 175U

aaper 1 744, 1 752

atinga 1746, 1750

brachiatua H-IG

carinatiia 1754

echinua 1740

fuliginosua 1740

geometricua 1748, 1749

bDlocisntbua 1746

hyatrix 1744,1746

litiiroaia 174C

maculatus 1746

maculifer 1747

macuIoHtriatiia 1748

melanopia 1746

meulini 1748

multiiiiaculatua 1740

nigrolineatua 1749

uovommaciilatua 1746

piloaua 1744, 1752

punctatuB 1740

quadrimaculatiia 1740

reticulatua 1751

rivulatua 1748

Bchrepfl 1748

aexmaciilntiia 1746

apinosiaaimiia 1746

»pino8iia 1749

verrucoaua 1749

Diodoutidtu 1742

diomodeaua, A phoriatia 271 1

diomedeanua, Hopluunia 361

SymphuruB 2711

Dlonda 212, 213, 214

argentoaa 215

chryaitla *2t4

couch] 216

epJHCopa 215

grisea 216

melaiiopa 216

papalia 214

plumbea 216

Index.

2963

Page.

Dionda punctifer 215

serena 214

apadicea 216

texeiisis 215

Dioplites 1010

niiecenais treculii 1012

variabiliH 1012

ilipiieniia, Hypsilepis 300

iliplii'miuH, Mionilus 300

I )iplaucliia8 1 753

nasus 1754

Diplectrum 1203,1204,1207

euryplectrum 1206

fuscioiilare 1208

fonnosuiii 1207

macropoma 1205

radiale 1204

radialis 1205

radiaus 1208

Hciiirus 1204

ilipleniius, Seinotilus 222

IJiplesion 1052

bleunioides 1053

faHciatus 1081

Diplesium bleiinioides 1053

Uiplodns 1362

argenteus 1363

caribiviis 1360

caudiniacula 1363

flavolineatus 1360

bolbrookii 1362

prubatocepbaluH 1361

rboinboides i:i58

sargua 1303

Diplitlepis 1418

sqnamoaisBiiiiuH 1419

(liploproa, Sebastichtbys 1802

Sebastodes 1801

1 Uplospondyli 10

(liplota'nia, Belone 712

liotliauus 1582

Cossyphus 1582

Uarpe 1582

diplotiimia, Tylosurus 712

Diptorodon 1106

hexacanthiiH 1107

ruber 1107

Dipteron chrysurus 1433

(lipterura, Daaibatis 85

Daayati-i 85

(Ul)teruruB. Dasybatia 85

1 )ipterygonotU8 1365

1 )ipturii8 66

dipus, MicrodnxmnH 2460

I)i»coboli 1758

Discuboli liparidina 2105

Page.

discobolus, Catostomus 172, 175, 2791

Discoceidiali 781, 2265

Discopyge 78

omiiiata , 78

dispar, Fundulus 6.'>8

Zygonectes 659

dispilurus, Centropristis 1220

Dules 1219

dispilus, Halichn-res 1598

Iridio 1597

I'latyglossus 1598

disHiinilis, CVratichtbys :'i 9

Couesiua 324

Hybopsis ;tl8

Leucosoin uh 324

Lusilus 319

distichus, Salmo 509

distiuctuin, Sparisoiiia 1635, 1636

distiiiotus, Scarus 1 036

Ditrenia 1510

aggregatuni l'<99

aiiale 1501

arnuatum 1502

argeiiteuni 1504

atripes 1507

brevipinue 149S»

caryi 1509

furcatuin 1506

jacksoni 1505

laive 1511

latt'ralo 1506

niegalops 1502

orthoiiotus 1507

rbodoterum 1503

temmiuckii 1510,1511

toxotes 1508

vacca 1510

Uiv>sr, Sand 535

Dobula ; 228

Doctor-flsb 1689, 1691

dodecaedi'oii, Agoutis 2046

Oc("a 2044

dodecaeilrns, Aspidopborus 2046

I{racbyo|)gis 2046

Dodecagrainnius 186C

Dogfish 113,623

California 53,54

Uog Saliiiuii 478

of Alaska 478

Shark 28,29

Snapper 1257

dolfyii,Coryplm'na 953

dolichocephalim, Uobiiis 2237

dolichogasttT, Itlnnnius 2417

CeiitriinotuH 2417

Unniiellus 2417

-I

2964

Index.

i..,j

Page.

dolicbogaster, Mura;i]oides 2417

Pholis 2416

Doliodon 939

DoUardee 1005

DoUar-flsh 967

DoUfloh 1074

Dolly Vardeu Trout. 507

doloraiou, MicropteritH 1011

Dolphin, Coninion 952

Small 953

Dolphins 951,962

donibey, Bdellostoma 6

Gastrobraiichim 6

Le Gastrobrancho 0

I'olistotrema 6

Diimine 880

dominicensis, Pcecilia 690

Vomer 934

domninns, Protoporus '133

DonceUa 1590,1595

Doncellas 1587

Dorada, Mojarra 928

Dorado 952

Cocinero 921

dorado, Corypha-na 353

Doratonotas 1611

inej^ah'iiiB 1611

thalastiiuus 1612

Dories, John 1059

Dormeur 1235

Dormitator 2195

guudlacbi 2198

latifrons 2197

lineatus 2198

niaculatus 2 1 96, 2198

niicrophthalmus 2198

dormitator, Pliilypniia 2195

PlatycephaluH 2195

dorniitatrix, Electrls 2195

dorniitor, Gobiomorus 2198

Phily pnu8 2194

Dorosonia 415

cepedianum 416

exile 416

in80cial)ilis 416

mexicanuin 416

notata 416

petenenso 417, 2809

Dorosomida; 415

dornalo, Hiemulon 1303

doraalis azuriHHiiiiiiH, Micronpatlio-

don 1570

C'arangoidea 930

Garaux 93(1

setipiiiniB 931

ciuereiiH, Micro.spathodon . 1570

Page.

doraalis Gitala 93U

Galeus 3(»

Halatractus 90'J

Hybopsin 2()'J

Hypsypops - 157o

Macrnrns 2585

Microspathodon 1508, 157(i

MimteluH 3(1

PoniatoprioD 157(i

SemotiluB 222

Seriola 9()L'

ITrabriua 14<)!»

Vomer 934

dorsatus, Petromyzon mariiiiis lo

dorso, Perca nionapterj-gia 1H3:!

dorsomaciila, Girella 13HJ

dorsopunicaus, PumaceutruH 15")?

Dorsuarias 13«i

Dory lojl

Doryichthys 77.;

aculeata.s 77:;

californiensiH 774

linoatua 77:i

Doryrliamplius 77;;

californiensis 771!

liucatua 77:;

Dough-belly 'jof)

Dourado U5L'

Dovetail Fish 156:;

dovii, Anableps 68.'i

Anisotrenius 131s

Aploclieiliis 2828, 28:!(»

Apogon 1108

Fundiiliis Cull

Gyranothorax 397

Ilaplochilus 050

Heros 133D

Lycodontis 3!i7

MiirtRna 3ltT

Opisthoptenis 437

Pcecilia Gltr.

Poniadasis 1 :il K

PristigaHter 4;i7

Pristipoma 1:!18

Sidera ;i<i7

dowi, Arius 125

Dajctor 232.'i

Diapterus I3(is

Eiicinostoinim 130':'

Exocretua 7;i.'>

Gerres i;i(ls

Letitariiis r2.''>

Selenaspis 125, 'J7(il

Tni'liiBiiriis 12j

ThaliiSBopliry lie 23'.'')

Doydixodou 1382

\r:

Index.

2965

Page.
930

30

90'J

2(i'J

1570

2585

- 1568,1570

3n

15711

222

901;

14()!t

9:i4

10

1K3:;
13H'J
1557
1384
1021

— 77::
. -• 77:i

774

77:i

77:!

773

77:i

205

952

156:;

68.-.

131f<

2828, 28110

1108

('•,")()

397

((50

1535

3!I7

3;t7

437

G!I5

1318

4:17
1318

3!l7

125
2:t2.">
13(W
1307

735
I3(W

125
125,2701

125
232*)
1382

Page.

Doydixotlon fasciatnm 1383, 1384

freiiiin villei 1382, 1384

Dracliiniis trichodon 2297

Dragoiiets 2184

Drcpanopsetti* 2614

platensoides 2615

Drum 1482

Fresli-water 1484

DruiiiiiK'r, Ground 1436

Jewaliarp 1473

Moiigolar 1406

Wliitc-mouth 1462

(Irummond-hayi, Epiiieplieliis 1169

druniniondi, Otolitlins 1409

Drunis.niark 1454

Red 1453

River 1483

Sea 1482

Drunkcn-flsh 1722

dnbia, Netuma 120. 2765

Seriola 905

dubiuni, Caiiipoatonia 206

Exnglossuni 206

dubiuH, Aniniodytes 832

Ariua 127

BodianuH 1 146

Fiorasl'or 2496

MeiK'pborus 1 147

Sorrauiis U47

Tac.liiHuruH 127

Dublin Pound Trout 507

Duck bill Cut 101

du('t<u", (iaHternsteus 900

Naiu '.rates 900

dugitui, Adiuia COl

Algannea 211

Anutiurus 138

Fundulus 061

Duloo. Moia 29

dulciM, Argyreus 307

RhynichthyH 307

calaructa; 306

Dules 1217

aui'iga 1220

dispilurus 1219

tla viventiis 1221

HublignriuH 1218

dunierilif Apioniclithys 2703

Ouranx 004

PariiloncliuruH 1478

rolyrirrliuH 1479

Seriola 903, 9(t4

S<|uatiua 59

duodecini, Kugranlis 440

dupbix. OrtlioprisliM 1339

duiiucHUui, Ptytdioatouius 193

Page.

duquesni, Catostomns 193

Placopharynx 198

durvillii, Argyropelecus 104

dury i, ^thcostonia 2853

Du»ky Shark 35

duBsuniieri, Brama 960

Seriola 900

Duasumieria Htoiifera 419

DuHsuniieriinn) 417

dux, L&chuolaimus 1580

dvinenxia, Platassa 2650

dybowskii, Centronotus ' 2431

Pholidapus 2430

Eagle Rays 87, 89

.larlli, Pbycis 2555

Urophysis 2554

Easter Mackerel 866

Eastern Carp Sucker 168

Mud Minuow 624

Eater, Crab 948

Itcaillc, (rraniie 409

Echelus 363

c'audilinibatus .355

cinciara 356

Ecbeneididu! 2265

Echeneis 2268, 2271

albeHceus 2272

albicauda 2269

apicalis 2268

au8trali.s 2209, 2271

brachyptera 2272

fusca : 2270

guaiacan 227(»

bolbrooki 2170

,ia<'oba'a 2272

lineata 2268, 2270

lunata 2269

uictallica 2270

naucratcoitlos 2270

naucrates 2209

neucrates 2269

uiewliotH 2272

osteocliir 2273

pallida 2272

postica 2272

(|uatuordecinilaininatu8 . . 2272

roniora 2272

renioroides 2272

8(Milatii 2271

acxibicenilaiiiellata 2272

8i)byrn'naruni 2268

squalipcta 2272

tctrapturoruni 2273

trcpioa 2268

verticalis 2270

I, ''Si

■r i

r

IF fi

■.sp; ^a

2966

Index.

'.i t-

I i

il

Page.

Echeneis vittata 2269

Echidna 402

catenata 403

flavoscripta 403

fuacoraaculata 403

noctuma 402

ecLinatnm, Leiodon 57

ecbinatus, Orbis 1745

Ecliinorhinido) 57

Echinorbinus 57

obesiis 58

spinosus 58

echinus, Diodon 1746

Echiodon 2495

Echiopsia 386

Echioatoma 589

barbatuni 589

raargarita 589

eclancheri, Coasyphus 1583

Harpe 1583

ectenes, Careproctus 2136

Micropogon 1463

ectennrns, Chloroacombrus 2847

edentula, Platirostra 102

edentolua, Cetengraulis 450

Engraulis 450

edwardi, Scirona 1490

Stilbi8CU8 363

Eel, American 348

Conger of California 395

Fresh-water 348

Lamprey 10

Sand - 833

Snipe 369

Eel Cat 2788

Eel-back Flounder 2649, 2650

Eel-pout 2453, 2455, 2456, 2457

Eels 344,346,347

Conger 352, 354

Cask 2481,2487

Long-necked 343

Ooze 349

Snake 372

• Snipe :!66

Snub-nosed 348

Spiny 612

Kymbranohoid 342

True 346

Worm 370

oeltenkeo, Myliobatia 88

effulgeus, iEthoprora 566

Arlina 1058

Boleosonia nigrum 1058

Larimus 1421

<-g1anteria, Kaia 68, 71

E^fl 71

Pago.

egmontis, Ahlia 37(t

Myrophia 371

egregia, Tigoma 2'.','

cgregius, Leuciscns 'jn?

Sqaalius 2o7

egrotta, Bellator 2171

Prionotus 217,')

oigenmanni, Evara :jn t

Gobiesox 2:i:i!)

Gobiua 2218

Rimicola 2:t:t<)

Sebastodcs I78it

Eigeninannia 341

humboldti 341

eiseni, Cliaracodon 28;i 1

ekala, Caranx y^i

ekstromi, Liparis 2Uis

elaborata, Murivna ;isii

elaboratus, Gymnothorax :t8!i

Lycmlontis .'i

Elacate <mx

atlantica 94K

bivittata 948

Canada 948

falcipinnis 948

malabarica <Mg

motta 948

nigra 948

pondiceriana 948

Elagatis 9(H!

bipinnulatus 906

pinuulatus 9117

Elanura 19:10

forficata iQ.'io

Elaphocottus 200fi

pistilliger 2008

Elapsopsis ;t8i

elassochir, Noturus 147

elassodon, Hippoglossoidcs 2fliri

Elassoma 982

overgladei 98'J

Konatuni 982, 28.'il

EIas8omida> 981

Elastonia 1281

macrophthalnms 1281

elater, Maltbe 27;!!

Ogcocepbalus 273!t

Zalieutes 273S

ElattarohuH 1431

archiuiuni 14:;i

Elattonlstius 412

elattura, Netuma 128, 27(;'.t

olatturus, Arius 128

Electric Rays 7f!

Star-gazers 230(i

electricus, Khinobatus C::

nU

M

Index.

2967

Page.

Electris dormitatrix 2195

elegans, Blakea 2353

Cottua 1939

Cyprinodoii 675

Diabasis 1304

Etlieoatoma 1074

Gasterosteua 748

Gibbonsia 2353, 2869

Gila 226

Haiinulon 1304

Kyphosiis 1387

Labeo 186

Leiiciscus 227

Meaoprion 1278

Myxodes 2353

Kanostoina 1075

Orthragoriscus 1754

Pinielepterua 1 387

Rhomboplites 1278

Sebastes 1830

Sebastodes 1830

Kleginiia 2537

navaga 2537

Kieotridinas 2188

Kleotris 2199

abacurus 2200

ffiquidena 2202

ainblynpsis 2199, 2200

belizianus 2201

capite plagioplateo 2201

grandisquama 2198

guavina 2199

gyrinus 2201

lateralis 2195

latifroiis 2198

longiceps 2195

inauritii 950

mngiloidea 2198

omocyaneus _ 2198

perniger 2201

pictus 2201

pisoniH 2200, 2201

Betniiiuda 2204

sima 2198

aiuaragduc 2204

soninolentuB 2198

Elopliant Fish 95

Fishes 94

Shark 51

ch'phaa, Squaliis 51

Kleutheractis 1229

I'oriaceus 1233

I'lentheruH, Not urtis 148, 149

Schilheodea 148

Klliopa 133

olliotti, Diabolichtbys 93

Page.

ellipaoidea, Lebiaa 672

ellipticus, Chatoesaua 416

Cymatogaater 1503

Platophrya 2665

Pleuronectea 2665

Ehoraboidichthys 2666

Ellwife 426

elongata, Aphoriatia 2707

Clupea 421

Cyclothone 583

Plateasa 2657

Pfciilia 697

Uinbrina 1476

elongatum, Gonoatoma 583

elongatus, Avocettina 2802

Benthodesmaa 888

Catostomns 169

Cephalus 1756

Clinoatomna 240

Cycleptna 168

Labichthys 369

Leiiciscus 240

Luxilua 240

Iklegalopa 409

Monticirrhua 1476

Ophiodon 1875

Oainerua 525

Pleuronectea 2657

Pomadasia 1328

Poraotia 1001

Sclorognathiia 169

Scopelua 555

Sebaatea 1816

Sebastodes 1815

Squaliua 240

Syniphurus 2707

Zoarcea 2457

Elopidfc 408

ElopiniB 408

EIops 409

capenaia 410

inormia 410

purpiiraaceua 410

aauriis 410, 2806

elitcens, Sipliostoma 768

Synguathua 768

EI Verde 817

emarginatum, Scarus 1641

Spariaonia 1641

eniarginatua, Lobotea 1 257

Serranua 1181

Bnibaaaichthys 2655

bathybiaa 2655

Einbiotoca 1504

argyroaoma 1510

caryi 1609

IS
IS

"t :

il

2968

Index.

Page.

Embiotoca cnssidyi 1505

jacksoni 1504, 1505

laternlis 1506

liiieata 1506

oruata 1506

perspicabilia 1506

webbi 1506

Embiotocidffi 1493

£nibiotociiiin 1494

Emblemaria 2401

atlantica 2402

nivipes 2402

oculocirris 2403

Emblemariina; 2347

embleniaticuH, Gobiiis 2247

Lopidogobius 2247

Scarus 1654

Zalypnns 2247

ombryuiu,Blciiuicot-

tU8... 2016,2864
Oligocot-

tii8 2017

Embryx 2458

crassilabris 2458

crotalinu.s 2458

embryx, Gerres 1379

EmeraldFisb 2229

Emerande, Eudorini 2230

Emichthys megalops 1502

einiliffi, Opsopieodua 248

Eniineekia 1601

yenusta lOO'J

eiiiinolane, Averruncus 2009

TachyBtirus 2785

Emmelas 1765,1773,1777

Lepopliidium 2483

EiiiinelichtbyiniB 1364

EinmelichthyB 1365

vlttatus 1365,1366

Eiumnion 2375

bristolic 2375

Emuiime 2345

emory i, Gila 227

Leuciscus 226

Einperador 894"

Enipetricbthys 600

iiierriami 067

EmpbycuB 2552, 2554

oniphyseluB, Arliis 122

Bagrus 122

Sciadoicbthys 122, 27r)9

Taoby sums 122

Enantioliparia 2114

encsBomUB, Gobius 2223

Enoheliopns 2457

Enchelyoepball 345,346

Pan.

Encbelycore ;ii-;i

euryrbina ami

nigricans it,-!'.)

Enobelyupus ^. . 889, 2456, 2540, "Km

americanus 2457, 2X>:<:^

barbatus 2,"i0ii

brosne 25t'.i

cimbrioiiB 2rii;i

cimbriuB 2,")t'iii

regalia Ili'iW

EncbraaicboluB 44k

encbry Burns, Chroraia 154h

Endornii Emerande 2'j;ii i

Encdrias I'll i

uebuloBua 2114

EngraulididiB 4:;it

engrauIinuB, Photogeuis leucopa... 2'Jfi

Eugraulia 44s

argyropbanns 4 ir.

' atherinoides 4rii

brcvis 4r)()

brownii — 44:1

ch<vrostoum8 444

cluiieoides 447

compresBua 447

cubanus 44::

delioiitisaimuB 444

dentex 4."i 1

duodecim 44fi

edentulus 4"ii)

grossidena 451

jaueiro 451

leniniscp.tiis 44:!

louisiana 44<i

luacrolepidotus — 44it

mitcbilli 44fi

mordiix 44s

niysticetus 4,')ii

nanua 44'.i

panamcusia 44s

perfasciatus 412

piquitinga 4 1:1

poeyi 445

productns 447

spinifer 44.s

Burinameusis 447

tricolor 44:i

engynien, Cetengraulis 2815

Engyopbrys 20tiS

aancti-laurontii 2(i(iS

enigmaticuB, Scbedopbihis 072

Ei^ambre 1141

Eiyambrea 114(i

Euueacantbus !>!'-'

eriarchus 9lt4

gloriosus- '••'J'l

Index,

2969

Page.

EnneacnnthuR margarotis 904

obesuH 1)93

pinnigor 994

siimilaiiB 994

liunoacentniH 1143

fiilvus 1145

oi'liilibi 1146

gnttatns 1142

coronntiis . . 1142

paiiaiiK^nais 1141

])iiiibtntMH 1146

tifiiio|)s 1144

I'niicagriiinniii.s, Eriiograiiiiiiiis 2441 I

.SticliiL'H« 2441 I

Kniitianectes 2349

cariiiiiialis 2350,2868

Knneistus 1143,1147 I

Hiinichthys 1501

I'.nophrvs 1937,1938 i

bison

(•lavifjer

<li<!eraiis

ICuaeigne, Torto

rnsenadii', Rliinoiitera ...

I'lisifera, IJairtlicUa

Sciifna

I'imiferus, Centroiiomus..

I'lmilbrniis, Tric-hiurns

iiisis. Gaidropsariis

Motella ,

Olios

Sphynniia

I'^nteinedor

tMiteiuedor, Xarcine

Untomaorodus

nbiostirtus
docoratns..

1938
I03H
1941
1687
91
1434
1435
1125
887
2558
2559
2559
824
2752
2752
2397
2398
2399

margaritaceiis 2398

2339

1786

1785

11

2745

12

12

53

920

. 2231,2233

nigricans

iMitomelaa, Sebasticlitbys ...

Sebastodes

Kntoaphenus

c 'i- laticus.

epihexodoii ...

tridentatus

Kiitoxychirus

l'.iixar6o

I'.iiypnias

Kopsistta 2613

jordani 2613

108, Arbaciosa

Boleichtlij's

Chrosomus

•(rytlirogaster. . .

( iobiesox . .
Orthonops.

3030-

2343
1102
210
210
2313
2262

-109

Page.

cos, Pjpcilichtbys 1102

PronotograininuH 1225

SebastfMles 1810

Kosebastt'8 1705, 1775, 1798

Kperlauus 522

Kpliippidir 1666

Kphi|ii)iniD 1667

epiiippiiiin. Ploctropdina 1192

Kpliii)pu8 t'abtr 1668

gigas 1608

xonatus 1669

Epicopiia 2529

gayi 2530

cpicurornni, Chromis 947

Epigoniclithys 4

Epigonus 1111

occidentalis 1112

epilioxodon, EiitosphRiius 12

Lanip«'tra 12

Epinopbelina' 1128

Epinophflus 1 148, 1152, 2853

adscensioiiis 1152,1154

aler 1165

analogiiH 11.52

apua 1159

ascensionis 1154

asporsiis 11;)4

atlaiitieiis 1154

bouav.i 1175

bracliysoiniis 11,54

<alliuru8 1186

catus 1159

clialinius 1181

ciliatus 1784

cubanus 1158

derniatolcpis 1169

diinidiatns 1179

driiniinond-hayi 1159

falcatuH 1185

flavolimbatus 1155

galeiis 1164

gigas 1154

guaza 1154

giittatas 1142,1159

inorniis 1168

int<>r.stitiali8 1179

Jordiiiii 117''

labriforniis 1155

lunulatus 1159

macnlo8ii8 1158

incrus 1162

microlepiN 1 178

morio 1160

muItigiittatuM... 1166

mystacinus 1151

nigritus 1162

T

2970

Index.

'. 'I :.

I-

It

i iiil

s

!-■

I

Page.

Epineiiliolns niphobles 28ri:t

iii voutuH 1150

olliix 1183

oi'diiiiitUH 1155

paiiuineiiHiB 1141

pariluliH IISU

puiK'tutus 1 146, 1 154

qMiiiquel'aHciiitiiH 1104

nmaccns 1184

ruber 1181

Bellicaiida 1155

Htriatiis 1157,1208

(ii-iiiopa 1144

ti^iis 1187

v«Mienuau8 1172

xeiiarcluis 1180

Epinnula 880

niaKistralifl 880

opiscopa, I>i(in<1a 215

UybojtiiafhiiH 215

episcopi, Gaiiibusia iiba

episcopiis, llybogiiuthiis 215

Episeiiia 254

calliseina 273

Jejuna 290

Epitrachya 1023

epsetUH, Esox 443

oquatorlaliB, (.blopHis 304

Ra,ia 74

Eques 1485, 1480

acuniiiiatUH 1487

umbrosuB 1487

ainericanuB 1490

balteatuB 1490

laiiceolatuB 1489,1490

liiieatuB 1487

pulcher 1489

puuctatus 1488,1489

viola 1486

equestris, A.riu8 128

BaliBtes 1703

EquietuB 1 485

equinoculus, Mi.<iil 2841

equirost rum, Sconibresox 726

oquisetis, Coryi)bii'na 953

Equitina? 1397

erate, LoboteB 1236

erebennuB, AiiieiaruB 139

erobuB, Mursena 396

cretbizuii, Arolbron 1739

Ovoides 1739

Tetradon 1739

eriarcha, At lierinella 803

Coiiehindia 994

Euryht«le 803

eriarcbns, Euueacauthu'i 994

Van,

Eriearia 28 1 1;

Halninnea 281 1

Krirlui'ta i)!i:i

EricoHuia 1028, 1030, lu;!<;

Ericyinba ;i(i.

buct-ata .'k,-

erioyniba, S<-ia-na 1 1 1 ,

Krile])idina; i8;i

EriUipiH inr.j

xoiiil'er i8i;;i

Kriniystax 314,;il ■

Eriniyzon IH4

goodoi iHti

Bucutta 185, iM'.

obloiigUB \Kt;

ei'inacen, Kaia. .'. i\>

(trinaceuH, Trichocyclus 17 1 1

ErineiiiuH :iii

Eritrema :i(ih

Erizo 1 7^:,

Guaiiabana I74ii

Eriiogruininus eimeagruniniUH 241 1

orcK'.hrouM, lIololepiK I liij

Pd'cilicbtbyB iKij

Krofiala '.':, 1

Erotelis L'l'o:;

BUiaragduB 2"Jii4

valuiicioinu-si liuii 1

Erychtbys itij j

cruiconsia liini

ery tbnuuH 1"):; 1

HeroB io:!i

Ery tbricbthyB ];!t;r,

vittatuB 1 :m

Erytliriiiidffi ;i:',o

erylbriiioides, ScaruB I(i:),'i

erytlirofiieiloB Albula 4I_'

ery throgaBter, CbrosoniuH 2i)it

t!08 210

LeucisciiB 2in

SerraiiUB IKlo

erytlirogaBtruni, PtcciloBOina KW'.t

erytbropB. Gobiesox 2:;:;t!

Ichtbolis 1)1)0

erytbroptera, Pimelodus l.'i.'i

ery tbrorbyucboB, Saliuo i>\M

ery thruruB, Caraiix Oiiii

CatoBtomus IlKi

PtyoboBtorauB i:t;i

esca, Clapea 4.;i

cBcanibias Zygonci-tes GM

OBcaniuda, Sardina 41! 1

escbrichtii, OneirodoH 27:ii:

Escolar 871), •JH4:i

(Miino 1114, r.Vl

de Natura UTO

,-

ii

1

mi

iw«tte»ity**i|WBy|ip^iaiii wiw^ jii.i. f ■

7 ,:\ ■■ "VL» N^.- * K

n-7

Index.

2971

281'.
'28H;

IHI'.i

03(t, lu;!<;

;«).;

301;

144.-.

18-:h

18f.J

I8ii:i
. 314,:n:>

IHIl

. 185, IM'

IW,

1741

:iii

174.'.
174(1
2441
IKiJ
IKl'J
'J.".4

'J'jo:!

'2'J04

i;i!i)4

104 J
Klf)!

I5:ii
I5;ii
i;!(;r.
i;tG<i

;i:io
Ki:;.'.

wi

209
211)
2in

inid

KW.t

2;i:iti

IXp

r>iw
•j-jii
ma
I'.r.!
421
(),"i«

4:!i

27;!2
87i>, 2H4:t

liiu. r.'si

lITii

I'age.

P28cnl(>r violacous 4843

KH(;()lar(!g 879

KMColara 877

K.Hcribuno 720,722

t>8culuiitii8, CaranguB i)21

Coniner 355

Merliicviua 2530

KHltr Banini 2840

b.art<>iii 2810

jonlaiii 2840

K8loHCO]Mi8 2300, 2303

esiimrkii, Lycixles 2403

Esmeralda 2227,2230

tleMar 2203,2201

Negra 2204

Esocidii! 708

imctpns, Labco 186

Ksox 025

aflliiis C28

americaniis 020

atrniiia(mlata 029

auatralis 628

barracuda 823,2841

beloiie 714

boreiis 628

braHiliBiisia 723

crassiis 627

cyplio 627

deprandus 628

epsietua 443

estor 628

fa.sciatu8 626

flaviiliis 639

iminaculatua 630

imperialis 717

lineatiia 627

loDgirostris 714

Iiicioides 628

Iiicius 628

lugubrosus 628

marinuH 714

ma8<}iiiuongy 629

iminuculatiis 6.30

niger 626

iiobilior 629

obien8i8 630

ornatiis 626

oHseus 1 10

o villus 672

phaleratus 628

pisciuulus 641

piaculeutus 641

pur<>8ii8 627

raveiieli 026

reticulatus 628

salmoueus 538,027,629

I'age.

725

026

826

K2<!

.'•.85

530

711

628

Ill

027

627

110

628

411

630

894

2749

89»

1140

1745

702

628

240

792

240

240

10,54

1243

1281

1283

1283

1282

Etbeoatoiua 1028, 1060, 106'», 1097

alabainii) 1095

artesiio 1094

aHprelliiH 1061

atroiiiaculnta lO.I?

auraiitiacuiu 1041

australe 1081

bleiiuioides 1033, 10.53

blenniua 1072,1073

bor'^ale 1082

oLTuleum 1080, 28.53

Kaox .Haurua

mcoiiiIhtjuh

spel

apliyra'iift

Htoiiiias

HyiUMlUH

tiiiiucii

triiti'uoiitliii<tiitii.'<.

I ti-i8t<iTbu.>4

uinb"(>MUR

^ vorii, iculatua

viridia

vittatua

I Vlllp<lH

/.onatus

Enpada

I'o/, dt'

KHpudou

Espa^iiol, (^uatilibi ...

Espiiio, I'ueno

pstor, Cbirostoina

Ksox

(iila

Lctbo^tolo

Leuriscu.s

S<iualiuH

Esti-fiUa

Ktclijiic

Etelis

ai|uiloiiai'is

oarboiifulua

iiculatuH

spectabili^

calliiira

caniuruin

capnidea

cineroa

cincrtMiin

cragini

cyuialotsi'iiia

davisoni

duryi

•dogaii.>(

uvitlo.'*

exile

1089
1011
1076
1027
1078
1078
1091
1U42
1049
28.5,'t
1074
1037
1103

r.

T

2972

Index.

I /

Pajie.
EtheoHtonia Habellare 1007

ciiiiiberlniKl-
icuiii 1U98

liiuvolutuin... 1098

tlalxtllnris 1007

llaluilluta 1007

foiiticola 1105

fontiiiHlis 1007

lurinoxa 2853

fusifoi'ine IIOU

guutheri 1034

liistrio 1051

iiiscriiitinii 1072

ioic 1084

iowm 1083

Jossiio 1084

jordiini 1079,1080

j iiliiu

laterale

lopidogeiiys

lepidiini

linHluyi

loiigiiiiana

luteovinctuin ,

lyiiceiim

niaci'uce|ihaluin

mat'iilatiim ,

luii'.rdporca

miiTopttu'iis

neviaeiise

niangutc

spilotiim. ...,

nigrot'asciatuni

nigriiiii

uotatiini

obeyeiiHO ,

olnisteili

oiiauliitai ,

l>n«ei

parviiiiiine

pelliicidinti clariim . . .

peltatuin

phoxoct-phaluin

podostuiiioiie

pottsii

l>r(i'liare

pneliaris

punctiilatiim

quappella

quiescens

rex

roanoka

riifllineatuin

rufulineatum

rupeHtrc

sagitta

1003

1009

1087

1080

1097

1054

1086

1075

1031

1077

1104

1083

1034

1043

1044

1039

1057

1070

1002

1057

1035

1092

1006

1063

1034

1031

1055

1082

1104

1104

1090

1084

1101

1026 I

1036 1

1079 I

1079

1073 '

1080

Pajjo,

Etheostoma Hchumardi 1047

Bciormn 103h

Hcovellii 1()«'.'

sqiiaroatiis I04ii

Hqiianiioeps I0!)(i

Htigniatiuii 104K

Hwannanoa I07ii

tesHttllatuin.. 1()7h

tlialaMHiniim lOTI

tippecanoo lO'jii

tusciinibia llOd

iiraiildea Iu4.".

variatuui lOfl'.i

verptuuidiuu loso

vexillare 105H

virgatuiu lOft.i

viiliiuratntn 1077

wbipplei alabamiB 10'.)5

whipplii loiCi

wrigbti 1047

Konale lOTJ

arcaiisanam l()7r>

etheostoma, Aboma 1'IW

EtbeoMtoniiiiie 1018

elbou, Syugnatbus 7<>7

Etniopterus ."iS

pusillus 'i")

otuwaiiua, CatostomuH iiigrieana ... isi

Etrupus 2fi87

crosHotus L'GHii

niicrostomim 2687, 2liOii

rimosuB 2(i88

Etrumens 41!)

aciiminatus 41!)

sad'":; 420

teres 420

Eucalia 743

incoustaus 744

ca.vuga 744

pygiua3a 744

Eucentrarcliiis - 988

EnchalaroduH 2049

piitnami 2050

Eucinosituinus 1 307

argeiiteus IH7I

californiensis 130!)

dowi 1307

gula 1370

gulula 1371

bareugulus 1368

lefroyi 1372

prodiictus 1372

pseiidogula 1308

Enctenogobiiis 2210, 2215, 2220

badiiis 2227

latus 2237

Index,

2973

"ZW

■',1 I

Page.

EnoteiiiigobiiiH lyrirus 2225

M»Kittula 2221)

Rucyclogobius 2248

iiewberryi 2248

(ludoiixii, Ailuriclithys ^ 118

Feli«btliy«t 118

Ualeicbthys 118

KiignleiiH 31

Kiigoiiiphodus 46

littoralis 47

KiibK'lion 521

Kiilainia 3:i

lauiia 38

lougiuiaiia 38

milbcrti 37

nicuragiienais 30

]ilaty rhy iichiiB 3G

oiilcpis, MicrogobiiiB 2244

EuleptorhaiuiibuD 723

brevoorti 724

loiigiroittria 724

velox 724

Eiiiueaograuinius 244 1

pra'ciHiis 2441

Biibbifurcatua 2440

KuinicrotremuH 2U!i7

orbis 20«9,2100

BpiuoaiiH 2098, 2UU<.)

ctiinorplius, OhatoesaiiH 433

ICiiponiacentrus 1549, 155(1, 1551

adiistim 15."il

anulis ir)54

dieucn>U8 1552

flavilatiia 1557

flaviventtT 1557

fuscus 1552

leucoriis 1551

leucostictiis 1555

otophorus 1555

partitus 1558

planifrons 1559

reotifriomim 1553

Knpomotia 1006, 1007

aureua 1010

earyorus 1008

gibbuaiis 1009

hcros 1007

holbrooki 1008

humilis 10U4

iiiacrochirua 1005

pallidiis 1006

curopa-us, Aapidopborua 20C7

Bleunina 2419

TracbnruB 9U

Kiiropcan Barracuda 826

Charr 508

Page.

F^iiro])t>an Hake 2530

Laiii'ult'ta 3

Por;;ie8 1356

Sciilpin 1974

Stiiklelmck 747

Eury inyct«'rii 392

enryopii, (Jliola 270

lliidsuiiiim 270

euryops, Hutbyliigiis 520

Icfhm 191.5, lUKi

Myxostiinia 103

TylosiiiiiH 711

•MiryoruH, Eiipomotis 1008

L(>]i<iiiii8 1009

Eury pbnry ngidii" 400

eury pled riiiii, Ui|il*M'truin 120(>

euryrliiim, Eiicbelycoro 390

E ur y H t olti 802

eriarcba 803

eurystolc, Stolcphonia 445

eurystoniii, Cliola 277

(Jodoina 285

EuryHtomTis 173

oury.xt()iiiii8, Notropis 277

rbotogeiiia 277

Euscarua 1027, 1629, 16,39

Eii8«'hi8to<lus 1560, 1562

analogua

concolor

declivifrons

EuscbastoH

Euapliyra

Eustoinatodiia

Eutliy IIIUI8

ailiteratu8

pelaiiiys

Eutychclithus

evansi, Uybo^natbua ,

1563

1559

1582

1760

43

907

868

869

860

1483

213

Evaprlstia 1334, 1336, 1340

Evarra

eigenra.iuni

Eventognatbi

Evepigyiiiiiua

evergladei, Elassonia

everuianni, Atherinella

Cottua

Si-arus

Syuodua

Tliyrina ,

Evorinauuia

longipiniiia

Kosterura

j Evert'/.ens, Jacob

I evidea, Al vordius

Cliiiiia

Etbeoatoma

304

304

161

907

982

804

1945

1651

535

804

2256

2256

2256

1143

1037

2353

1037

"vA.

2974

Index.

y-. I

Pago.

cvldes, (Jil)boii8iii 2352,2869

llHilroptoriiH 1U36

l'lo(tol)riiinhii» 2432

oviontlinH, OpIiichtlniH 381

(jiiMH.sireiiiiiH 380

evuluiiH, Kxocu'tiiH 730

HalocypHfliis 729

l'ii«ii()tU8 2107, 2168, 2169

Trivia 2169

EvopliteH 1245

viridiH 1246

Kvorthodim 2208

bnn'iccps 2208

cutiilim 2218

Evoxyinetopoii 885

t:i>uiatiiH 886

exasperata, I'latyrliina 05

SyiThiiiii 65

u:.::nporatii8, liliiuobatus 65

Zapteryx 64

Exerpt'S 2367

ftsper 2367

exiguim, ISodiiiiiim 1433

Stoleplioriis 442

exile, DoroHoinn cuptidianuni 416

Ktlieu.stoiiia 1103

exilicauda, Laviiiia 208

LtMiciHcua 209

exHilit'im, Exuccvtus 732, 734

exilis, IJcloue 714

lioleichthys 1103

UippoglosHoides 2613

Lyopsotta 2613

Notiirua 147

P(Pcilichtliy8 1103

Scliilbeodes 147

Ty losurus 714

oxiiniiii§, Cyprinodon 673

Exocnitidti) 726

Exocujtus 730, 731, 732, 734

aciitus 728

altini s 735, 2830

alliidactyliis 73!)

a)>peiulioulatiie 7.'I0

baliiensis 739

bicDlor 738

bracbyc(>phalu» 733

califiiriiicus 730,740

callopterus 740

chilousis 730

coinatua 736

cyaiiopterus 739

dowi 735

evolans 730,2835

exsilieus 732,734

PaK»'.

Kxoc<rtiiH faHuiatiia 733

liirt'atiiH 737

georgiaiiiiH 730

gibbit'rouH 741

grylluH 720

liMtenirua . .■ 735

hilllaiius 720

laiiudlifer 733

liuoatuH 730

Iiitkeni 730

maciilipinniH 737

iiielaiiuruH 735, 73(i

meHogaster 720

monoc.i rru8 73(i

iiigricaiiH 737

iiuveburacciiHis 735, T.W>

uuttalli 737

obtusirostris 73(1

orbigniantis 720

parriv 7-lii

procne 737

quadrireinis 735

roberti 735

robiiHtiiB 7;i(i

rondoletii 733, 73»

rubeMceiiH 73 1

ruflpiniiis 73.')

soylla 735

apeculigor 734

spilouotopteruB Tin

apilopiis 7I1.S

apleiidena 73ii

verniiculatiis 740

vincigiierrm 734

volador 733

volitailH 734, 730, 28:>,'>

zenopterus 7lls

Kxogloasintv '3)4

Kxoglussuiu 3'J7

annulatiim 3'J7

dubiuni 'JUti

lesueurianuni 3'J7

inaxillingua 327

inirabile 303

iiigreaceuB 3'J7

spinicephalum 2iH>

vittatuiii 3'J7

ttxoletiia, Acantli(dabrus ir)7)'>

Cciitrolabrua I'lTti

Labrus 1570

Kxoiiaiites 283')

aflSnlH 2830

exailiens 2830

rondelettii -8:>fl

rutipiunia 2830

Index.

2976

KxoniiiiteH H|)<«ciiliKi<r 28U6

viiK-igiiiMTii' 2«;i(l

oxpaiiHiiii), OHtracioii 1724

cxailieim, Kxoiiiiuti^H 2836

uxteDMUS, Ftlliiliiliia tf46

LycuditpiiH 2494

filler, C!l)H'toai;)t»-iu« loes

Clm-toildii 1(168

K|ilii|i|>iiH 16fi8

Fiiber iiiiiriniiH 1(H18

fabriuii, (^uiiip.vliMlon til5

Ceiitroscylliniu ;">(!

Cottus 20tm

(iadiiH "J.'iiU

Guniielliis 2418

Lipnris 2121,2128

Luin))eniiH 24117

Mmrorus 2582

Spinax 56

t'nlchitii, AK<mia 313

HhiiHWiip 313

Mycteroperca 1 184

plienax 1185

Seridia 905

falcatiiB, Ciiranx 913, 2845

Kpinephelim 1185

Hemicaranx 2845

Labnia 942

LacliuulaimiiH 1580

Serramis 1185

Spams l.")83

Tracliiiiotiis 941

Trisot lopis 1 185

falcitbruiis, Carcliarliiiius 36

Carcharias 35

Platypodoii 36

I'aU'ipiuniH, Elacato 948

fallax, Caraiigiis 923

Caianx 923

l»(iiitoti8 1003

Trachunm 910

Falltish, lied 280

Falltishea 220,221

Fall Herring 425

Fa iiegal 1837

I'aiit'ariiH, Naucratos 900

FaiiKiiito 6i)2

Fan-tailed Darter 1097

Mullet 816

Fario 483

argyreiis 480

aurora 499

clarkii 501

gairdneri 499

Fario uewberryi 499

Page.

FarioBtuIIatuN 492

tHuppitc.b 493

t'arkharii, LoboteM 12:i*l

I'aaciata, AphiuiHtia 2710

Cichia 1012

Clupea 420

Molinesia 60.'>

IMagusia 2710

i'o.ilin 641

Scriola 904

Trigia 2183

faaciatuni, DoydixtMlon 1383,1384

Pristiponia 1330

fasciatuH, Achirus 2700

Auclicnopterus 2373

HryttuH 993

Caranx 914

CarapuH 341

C'atonotus 1098

CatoHtoniUH 187

CentrarchuB 1012

OuntronotUH 2418

CroninobateH 2373

Ctenogoliius 2223

Diplesion 1081

Esox 626

Exocd'tuH 733

(ifnyonenius 1479

Giton 340

Gobiesox 2338

Gobius 2222

liunnelluH 2418

GyinnacbiruM 2703

GyninotUH 340

HalatractiiH 904

Harjuirus 1091

Ht'iiiirbaniphuti 720

Lariniiis 1 424

Mununoidert 2418

My tiloitbagus 15(»4

Ortiingoriscus 1 7ri4

Pbolis 2417

Pimepliales 217

PogoniiiH 1483

Prionodes 1212

Scomber 9(i4

Sebastca 1761, 18:^7

Sicyasi'H 23:18

SyugniitbiiB 771

Syniidiis ,130

'retragono])terii» 334

Tracliurus •9t)4

TracbynotUH 9J I

Casriculan', Uiplectrum 120H

t'ascicuiaris, (Jeutroprislis 1208

'WW

2976

Index.

■:h

I' .

*i

Page.

faKcicularis, Hippocampus 7V8

Surranus 1208

fasciolaris. Catostoinus 186

Kotropis umbratilia :<0 1

Sebastichthys 1827

SyniphuruB 2707

fasciolatus, Coryphajua 952

Fatback - 433,940

Fat-head 217,1585

Fatber-lasher 1971

favosus, llathygadus 2565

BleuniiiB 2380

feciindus, Catostoinus 180

Fclichthys 116

bagre 117

bahiuimis 118

eudoiixii 118

fllaiuentoMua 118

matiuua 118

pauaineuais 117

pinniniaculatus 117

li'liciuuus, Cyprinodoii 676

Trifarcius 676

^eliniis, Pinielodus 140

SerranuH 1187

ftilis, Anari liichthys 2448

AritiM 128

HexanematieLthys 128

MnstoliB 31

Piinelodus 141

, Silnrus . 128

fenestralis, Artediua 1900

fonestrata, Chroiiiis 1518

teuestiatiiiii, Ciclilaaoma 1518

fenestratUH, Heros 1518

lerox, Alepisaurus 595

BathyophiH 605

liatliy sail rim 539

CynoponticuK 360

Idiacanthiis 605

LepinosteiiB Ill

Stoiiiias 588

ferruginea, Liiiiniula 2644

My zcpsettr- 2645

Platessa 2645

I'flrrugi neus, C ha racod on 609

Pli'uronectes 2645

feuille. Polyodon 102

Fiatohis 964

fibulatuH, Spiuicephalua 2790

FidiUer Fish 63

flefdii Stoniias 586

Fierasfer ;'495

afflnis 24B5

aieiiicola 2196

1> .i-iuudenais 2497

Pago.

Fierasfor borealis 244:i

dubiiis 249';

iierasfer, L vodaxms 24ii;i

Fieras('«;rida! ' 2494

tllauientoaua, Ailariclithys 118

ArgyriosiiS 3;iti

Deutex 128!i

Felichthys IIH

Heiuirhaiii])hu8 72^

Icelinus 18!(;i

Mouacantlius 1710

Scomber 93'J

Taraiidichi iiyp isiil:

Filofiah 1712, 1715, 1717, 171.S

Orange 171H

tilicoruia, Blcunius 2381

lilifera, Chalimira S'lTT

tiinbria, Anuplopoma ,, 186'J

Gadua X8ti:;

timbriata, Cyclopsetta 267(i

Kaia 9;i

Solea 2700

Squatina 51)

liinbriatus, Acliirus^ 2700

Aruogloasiis 2677

lilenniud 2457

Chaiiiiax 272»i

Heiiiirhoinbiia 2077

Iceliuiis 181M

St'i-raniia 1151

Zoarcos 2457

Finibriotorpcdo 77

I'"iiiv-8caled Sucker 173, 17.s

lirmisqnaniia, Bogoslovius 257')

MaiTurna 2r>7(!

lieclii'ri, Achiris 27iiii

Achirus 20'.i'.i

Chietoatomiia Itiii

Solea 27(111

TetragonopteruH «... 3;i4

Fiah, Angel 5s

Hat 27:i7

Butter 241it

Cobbler !i:i i

Coiiiniou Alligator 20tll

Ooiuiuon Buil'alo 103

Creek li^J

Creole 12:M

DevU .12

Dismal Swamp "o :

Doll Iti7l

Dovetail irmt

Elephant H.'i

Enierahl 222"

File 1715, 17 1 s

Fiddler ti.t

Index.

2977

Ta^e.
Fisb, Fool 1715,1710

Glance i<54

Globo 1734

Good.. 487

Guitar 03

Ilaiul-saw 596

Harvest 960

Indian 1080

Leather 1714,1715

Lion 1850

U/.ard 538

Log 964

Mutton 1376

Oil 879

Portuguese Man-ol'-War 949

Prick 055

Priest 1784

Kabbit 882

Rainwater 665

Rod-nioutb liullalo 163

Red Parrot 1635

Ribbon 1489,1490

San Pedro 954

Scabbard 887, 889

Scour 870

Sergeant 948

Singing 2321

. Soldier 1088

Tongue 2710

Tyrant 886

Ugly 137

Unicorn 1719

Yellow 1144

f'isbfs 14

Angel 58

Atka 1864

Black Rudder 063

Bleunioid 2343

Blind 702

Bony 113

Brotuloid 2498

BuHiilo lo;;

Cardinal 1105

Carp-like 160

Cirrbitoid 1490

Cutlass 888

Elephant 94

File 171 2, 1717

Four-eyed 084

Ganoid 100

Guitar 61

Isuspondylous 407

Jugular 2528

Lancet 593, 594. r.9r.

Lantern .')30, sriO

Lizard 533

Page.

Fishes, Mackerel-like 860

Mail-ch<!eked 1750

Milk 414

Parrott 1020

Pediculate 2712

Perch-like 979

Pike-like 622

Plectogiiatbous 1696

Porcupine 1742, 1744

liag 968

Rudder 1380

Scorpion 1833

Sergeant 947

Spiny-rayed 779

Synentognathous 7n7

Truchinoid 2273

True 97

Trunk 1720

Fishing- Frogs 2713

fissuratus, Neoliparis 2113

iissus, Arius 131

Tachisurus 131

TachysuruH 131, 2782

Fistularia 756

coinnmrsonii 758

depresaa 757

imniaciilata 758

neoboracensis 757

petimba 758

scnata 758

tabacaria 757, 758, 2837

Fistulariida; 755

listularis, Flagellaria 757

tistulatuni, Sipliostoina 705

tistulatus, Syn;;natbu8 705

tlabellare, Etheostoma 1097

Cumberland i-

cuni 1098

lineolatuni... 1098

llabellaris, Etheostoma 1097

llabellata, Etheostoma 1097

tlabbellatus, Catonotus 101)8

Flag. Spanish 1817

t'lagellaria 756

listularis 757

llagelluni, llaia 88

Saccoi)liarynx 406

Flags, Spani.sii 1139

Flauienco 1209

Flannneo 2871

marianus 2871

llaninieus, Leuciscus 242

Phoxinus 242

Flaniiel-nioutli Cat 137

Sucker ." 174

FliishtT 1235

1 '

h

m I

A

I

A'
-I

f

p.

2978

Index.

Pug(!.

Flatiish 11)80,2602

2647

326

357

123

123

1024

25U1

1H40

1200

1024

1023

1024

1215

1640

Cominon

Kliit hciuied Chub

tiava, C()ii;ij;ertnuriuna

Havesceiis, Ariiis

Hajirus

liudianiiH

iSroMiuiiis

Callyodon

Mesopriou

Morone

Perca

fliiviatilis

Prioiiodes

Scams

Sciadciclithys 123, 2760

Sparisoina 1639, 1640

Tacliisurtis

tiavesuy, ISroHiiiiiis

Havicaiida, Hy porthodus

llavidu», Apodii^lithys

Aulorliyiicliiis

SebasticlitliyH

Sobastodes

Havi<ruttatun], Hioniulnn

Lythniloii. ..

tlaviguttatim, llicmiiloii

Ilavilatua, Eiipoinaci'iitrus ..

PoiiiacenlruM

HavipinniH, Ifybogiiatlms. . .

Ilisba

Pellona

Priatijjastor

tiavirostre, Siphostuiiia

Havirostris, Syiiguathim

rtavissimns, Foniipiger

rtavi venter, Eiipoiiiao<!ntru«.

Haviveutris, Dnlt's

Serramis

HavoliiiibatiiH, Kpiiicphelus .
tiavolineatiiin, Ha'niiilon.

123

2501

1156

2411

754

1782

1781

1312

1312

1312

1557

]5!>8

215

435

436

436

768

768

1671

1557

1221

1221

11,55

1306

ttavoliueatiis, Diabanis 1306

Diplddiis

PiimdoptoruM ,

Sargufl

tlavoniargiiiatuH, I's«mdo8caruH ...

S(^ariis

flavoscripta, Krbidiia

tliivoscriptiiH, (iyiiiiiothorax

HavovittiitiiH, Miilli)i.-lea

rpmieus

flavtiliiH, Ksox

flttvus, AwaiiiiH

CboiiophoruB

Gitbiim

NotiiniH

1360

I38{i

1360

10.52

1052

403

395

860

8611

630

2235

2235

2235

144

Pago,

flaviis, Turdns 1583

Flesb-colored Roekfish 1824

Heuricii, OHtcrliiiichtis 1107

HexuolariH, LepoiniH 1011

tiexuosim, L'atostoiiius 17!)

Flier 988

Flioiua 1791!

Honi', Ncoliparis 2111

rt<)reali8, Platyglossus 1597

Florida Cat 137

HoridiP, Jordanella 677

Sipho.stuiua • 706

lloridaiia, Cichla 1012

UuridaiiuH, Pliycis 2554

Uropbycis 2554

rtoridensis, Calliiiriis 992

Fiindiilns 642

Horipiiinis, Fiiiidulu8 651

Ha)do(diilii8 651

Zygouectes 051

Flounder, Arctic 26411

Kel-back 26,5u

Four-apotted 2632

Great 205:;

(Julf 26;)1

Peacock 26(i.'i

Pole 2057

Soft 2679

Soutbcrii 20;ui

Starry 265)

Summer 2629

Winter 204(>

Fluke, Craig 2656, 2657

tiuviatilia, Algonia 215

Hudsoniua 269

I£yl)ogiiathua 215

Perca llavescen.>4 1U24

Sargosoiiiua 149(1

Fly lisli 18(19

Fly ing-fiab, Great 740

Sbarpnosod 728

Flyiiigtisbes 726,730

Flying ( Jurnard 2182, 2183

Uobiu 218:!

Fodiator 727

aciitua 7'.'H

I'odiator, 'J\>U)8urua 7|5

I'letens. Salnio 5:i8

SauriiM .538

Sy iiodua 53."<

I'oliiini, Pcdyodon loi'

i'onsecenaia, Acbiriis 2699

Solea 2699

t'onticola, Alvaiiiis iKi.'i

Kllieo.stonia ]1(I5

Fiinduliia 64:)

Microperea 1104

:s^rpfi:-

r'"T

Index.

2979

Page.

fontinalis, Et lieostoma 1097

Salmo 507

Salveliiuis 5U0

ugassizii r>07

Foutiuus 633, 634, 645

FoolHsh 171 J, 1718

lorbesJ, (Jliola 272 |

Cy princlia 272 j

Orthopristis 1336

foroipatus, IJalistes 1702

Forcipiger 1671

HavissiiiiiiH 1671

t'orficata, Kltinura 1930

Guapervii lata 17U2

fornioHa, Algan.sea 246

Cliola 271

EthuoBtoiiia 28r)3

Hoteraiidria 687

Hydrargyra 2827

LeiicoH 246

Mollieiiisia 699

Mouiaua 271

Perca 1208

Uraiiidea 1909

foriuosuliini, Ciinipostoina 206

t'oriuosuiu, Diplectniui 1207

Hii'inulon 1305

foniiosiis, AlburnuB 280

Anthias 1304

Calliurus 996

Cottus 1969

(lirardiuus 688

Hulacautlius 1085

Leucisciis 246

Leiiciis 246

Notropis 271

Splieroidos 1736

Tetiodou 1737

t'orskali, GlossoduR 411

I'orsteri, Spliy ru'iia 824

forsteriamm, Catostomus 176

fosterl, ADiulii 412

Caiiinx 923

Scon reaox 726

Four-Beardci Uockliiigs 2560

Fotireyed Fisl ■ s 684

Four-spotted F under 2632

Fox Shark 45

(••■a{;ili», (Jitliiiriclithys 2680

Francesa, Lisa 410

I'rancisci, Cresfacion 21

Gyropleurodus 20

liauklini, Cottus 191)7

Phiuroncctes 2650

Uranidea 1987

I'raser River Saluiou 481

I'age.

frat«irculu8, Myloclu-ilus 220

t'reniebuiiduiu, Plii'niuloii 1297

freiiK-bunduH, Diaba.sis 1297

t'reniiu villoi, Doydixodoii 1382, 1384

Alyliobatis 89

t'renatus, UaliHtcx 1705

Brachy istiurt 1499

Micrometrus 1499

()doiitoi)yxi8 2C75

Sarritor 2073

Xaniolepis 1877

Frencli (Iruut 1306

Mullet 813

Frtre Jacques 840

Frt'Hh-water Drum 1484

Kel 348

I'reteimis, Cliola 261

H vbopsis 261

Notropis 261

Friars 789

Iricdricbstbali, Heros 1528

Frigate Maek(>rels 867

IVigida, Moniana 271

Irigidus, Notrojiis 271

Lytodes 2465

Frilled Sharks 16

Frog Fislies .'. 2715

I'rondosuiu, Sparixoma 1641,1642

I'roudosuH, Sciirus 1630,1642

frontalis, Caranx 925

(Jastrojisctta 2636

LeuciscuH 283

■*' ..pis cornutus 283

. , oarcliarliinus 39

Carcharias 39

Frosttish 2540

Frost Fishes 886

Fry, Hog-)uoutli 444

fuceusis. Liparis 2119

Tiieragra 2536

i'ueoruni. Apodiehtliys 2413

Blennius 2379

Xei'erpes 2413

I'ulgeus, Corvina 1435

Myrioprintis 846

I'riacantliUH 1238

tiilgida, Meda 329

fuliginosus, liaiisles 1702

Cliiloniycterus 1749

Diodor. 1749

Holcouotus 1505

Syiubranchus 342

fulva, LabruH (^hogsel 1577

f'ulvoinaciilatuin, rristiponia 1339

fulvouiiu'ulatus, Labrus 1339

t'ulvuiii.dinglyniostoma 26

m

31

2980

Index.

iii

1) «

Page.

fiilvus, JiodiiiiiuH 1144

punctatiiB 1 146

riil)er 1145. 1140

KiiiieaneutniH 114.5

<»uliilibi 1146

Liibras 1145

J'hy8iciilu8 2.')47

I'utneiiH, Notropis *. . 294

Fiinul, Scortaiiudi 1837

Fiiiicinitii 1107

Fiindiilinio 631

l'unduloiiU'8, Clinoatoinus 239

Fundulns 650

Leiiciscns 240

S(iualiu8 240

/ygonectes 650

Funduhis 032, 633, 637, 2827

adiiiia 645, 2827

alboliiieatus 649, 2828

arliugtonius 652

aurtniB 659

bermiidii! 643, 2827

cateiiatiis . . 648, 2828

chrysotiiB 655,2828

cingulatim 656, 2829

conll iieiituB 650, 2828

diaphnus 645, 2H2S

meuona 645

dispar 658, 2830

dovii 650,2828

dngoHii 661

extensiis 046,2827

lloiidtiiaiH 642, 051 , 2828

fonticola 643, 2S27

fiiiiduloides 650, 2828

fusciiB 024

goodoi 2831

graudis 2827, 2828

giiatiOiiialeusis 600

giittatuB 658, 2830

henslialli 653

beteroclituB 640

badiuB 2827

grandis 641

luacrole p i d o-

tiiB 641,2827

bieroglyplilcuB 658, 2830

Junkinai 651

kaiiHU' 2828

labiiilis 644, 2727

limbatus 643,649,2828

luclii' 654

macdonaldi 650, 2828

in!),jali.i 6;!&, 2827, 2828

muIapleiiriiH 659, 281)0

mudllHli 641

Page.

FunduIiiB inuUifaBciatiis 64.'i

iiigroi'ii.sciatii 041

uotatiis 659

nottii 656,28;i(i

0(«!lari8 642, 2827, 2828

pachycephaliiB 601

pallidiis 638, 28:i7

parvipiiiuis 640, 2827, 2830

piscnleiitna 641

pulveroiis 652, 2828

pmictatUB 637, 2827

rathbuni 649

rhizoplioriB 644

robustua 644, 28J7

ntbrifronB 65;(

scartoB 654

8(!ia()icn8 6.54, 2828

seiniiioliH 047, 2828

siniilin 6:!H

sUillifer 648, 2828

Bwampiua C4.">

temlhis 659

viiK^tUB 637, 2827

viridescens 041

xeiiiciiH eti'J

zebra 641,647,2827

zelninns 646, 2827, 282S

zuiiatus 657

funebris, Gobiesox 2334

Gyiiiuuthorax 3B6

Lycodoutis 3!IG

Noturus 147

SvbilbeodeB 1 47

Sidera 396

furra, I'erca 12(iU

Fui(!aria 1545, 154G

cy aiica 1547

piinrta 1547

fiircatum, Ditrema 1506

t'urcatuB, AiiiiitriiH i;i4

CypseluruB 737, 2H:)0

Exocd'tus 737

IctalnruH 134

Phanerodon 1506

PimelodiiB 134

Furcflla 2472,2809

diaptera 2472

ftircidens, Cbaracodoii 6r)!)

furcifer, Anthian 1222

llrachyrhinUB 1222

ParanthiaB 122'

PimeloduB 13,'!

SorraiiUB 1 222

fiirciger, IcoIiih 1913

KiircinianiiB 2809

furcnia, Corviuu 14tio

^--JSBf

IW

Index.

2981

Page.

furcrwa, Perca 1460

t'urcra'us, Pacliypops 1469

Pacbyurus 1460

fiiriosns, Noturiis 149

Scliilbeotles 149

t'lirnieri, Mivropogoii ; 1462

I'nibrina 1463

liirthi, Arius 132

Caranx 914

Oorvina (Homopriou) 1441

Hemicaranx 914

Ilisha 436

Pelluna 436

Pristipoma 1319

Sciiiina 1441

Spiunroides 1737

Spheroides 1737

Stellifer 1441

TachisiiriiB 132

Tachysurus 132, 2787

furvus, Serramis 1200

t'lisca, Eclieneis 2270

llydrargyra 624

Labrns taiitoga 1579

Sciiciia 1483

fusoatiiB, SiluruH 140

fiisooaiiratiis, TetragonopteruB .... 334

fiisco-inaculata, Acara 1540

Echidna 403

fiiBCO-maculatuH, Chromis 1540

fiiBCula, Halipurca 1211

fuBCuliiB, CeiitrupriHt^H 1211

t'liactim, Siphostoiaa 770

fuBoiis, AcroimruB 1692

Bytliitt'» 2504

Dialoniiniis 2808

Eupomacentrus 1552

FuuduluB 624

(iaduH toincudiis 2540

HeniirhoinbuB 2686

PoiiiacentruB 1552

PHcnes 951

SerninuH 1181

SyngiiuthiiB 770

Trachiiiotiis 942

fii8iforiiie, EtheoBtonia 1103

fiiBlforiniB, IJolpiclithyB 1101

BoleoBoiua 1102

UololepiB 1102

PhttlangiBtes 2048

PrecilichtliyB 1102

fylla-, UiOa 69

Oabilan 91

gabonoiiBis, ArgyreioHim 935

Pago.

galiuncnsis, Caraiix Botipiunis 935

Vomer 934,2846

(tadella 2545

Gadidiu 2531

(iadina- 2531

Gadiis 2.140

a-glettii iiB 2.')43

agilis 2534

aibidiiB 2531

arenu.sii.s 2541

aural us 2542

barbatuB 2541

broBine 2561

calitbriiiciiB 2539

callaria.s 2541

cartxiiiiiriri.s 2534

('halcugraiiiiiiuH 2536

t'iinbriuH 2560

colin\i.s 2.535

coiiiiires.sns ■. 2551

I'abricii 2534

liniliria 1862

glacialis 2534

graciliH 2538

ht't(;rugloB8iiH 2541

lacuHtriM 137, 2551

ioiigi]>es 2555

lubb 2561

iiiacToceplialiiB 2541

iiiaculosilH 2551

inaiMis 2541

inarabli 2546

incrlucoiua 2530

inurlim 2530

inol va 2552

morrhua 2541

"gac 2542

ogat 2542

pcrisropiiB 2536

polyiiiori>huB 2540

produitn.s 2531

proxiiiiiiB 2539

priiiuu!4iiB 2540

piiuctatuB 2553

pygiiUL'U.s 2542

raptor 2.»52

ruber 2530

rupcHti i.s 2541

Haida 2534

tau 2316

tenum 25.55

touicod 2540

toiiR'odu.>< 2540

('uH<'u.>< 2540

liitouB 2540

inixtug 2540

"4\

■ . i. ■■ ■; H

■ : lii^

mmmmma

i

2082

Index.

% '

I

Pajje.

Gadus toruk 2501

vertajjiis 2541

viriMis 2534

(raff-topsiiil 118

CatlisliHs 116

IVtiM|>iiiio !t40

(Jag 1177

(Tai(lni]>Hariiii^ 25112

( iaidropxiirtis 2557

arjfontatus 2559

eiisis 2558

H<^])t(-iitrionaliR 2559

(raimarilianus, Mii{;il 814

K&irdnuri, Fario 49'.»

Saliiio 497

brardslt'ei 2819

(•rt's<'i-iiti8 2821

kaiiil(iu|ia 499

sliasta 5U2

Htoiiui 503

galactiira, Cliola 279

galactiii'iiH, HysilepiH 279

Notnipis 279

( ialafate 1711

;jalapa};oruiii, Uiiiliriiia 1408

galeata, 15(!loiie 716

galeatiiH, (lyiiinocaiithus 2010

Tylo.suriis 710

Galei 21

Galcichthys 119, 122, 2770, 2771

ussiniilis 2779

axiirciis 2775

baliiensja 119

blocliii 118

cterulescons 2776

cluivola 932

crinitiiH 932

da8y(;(i)lialiiH 2780

eydoiixii 118

gilbert i 2773

grouovii .. 117

giiateiiiaI«iiHiN 2778

jordani 277 1

leiitiginoMiis 122, 2771

lon;;i('tiphalu8 2781

periivianus 122, 2771

phrygiatus 2782

rii}>'iHpiDiD 2781

Heeiiiauui 2772

HiirinaiuciiHis 2780

XKiiaiiclien 2777

galoiclitliyH, (Jaraiigoides 932

Galeidii! 27

GalfiiiH' 27

(jaleocei'do 32

iiiaculaius 32

Page.

Galeocordo tigriniis 32

galfitides, ( Huphidiiim 2491

Galeorliiiiiiiat 27

(ialeorhiniiH ;[]

zyoptiTns 32

Galena 29, 31, 2745

califuriiicus 30

dorsalia 32

iiiaciilatiiH 3(1

galena, Ei)inophelua 1104

Scrramm 1 lot

Galliclitbya 931

gallintila, Alonacantliiia 1710

(ialliwaap .^j.-jh

Gallus 931

vireacens <i3j

galliis, Zeus 93fi

galtia>. .S<|iialius 237

Giinibiisia 678

aftiuia 680, 2832, 2833

arliugtonia 652, 2828, 2829

episcdpi 683

gracilis 682, 683, 2832

holbrooki 081, 2832

liun)ilis 68'.'

iiU'ana 680, 2832

nu'lajdeura 283(1

niodi'Hta 693

iiicaraiigiiL-uais 682, 2832

ii()liilis 682, 2832

pat rnelis 682, 2832

picturata 683, 2832

pliiinbca 695

punctata 670

puncti<nlata 680, 2832

aenilis 682

s])Oci(iaa 681

tiiden tiger 2833

< iainl>uaiiua! 632

Ganibuainus 633, 635, 648

gainphodon, Oxyrliina 40

( ianoid Fishea . lOO

Ganoidt'i 100

Ganoids, Bony 107

Cartilaginoua 100

Gar, All igator n 1

Great Ill

Long-nosed 1(19

Sliort-nosed lid

(}arl'ik(8 108

garabata, Mojarra 1353

gardeniana, Hiatula 1578

gardonii, Centronotns 948

Sternoptyx 900

StroniatiMis 96()

gardoneuni, Choudrustonia 251

Index.

2983

Pajie.

■A2

2491

27

:ii

29, 31, 2745

.'ill

1104
1101

9:!i

171(i

.").'tH

931

WAX

930

237

678

), 2832, 28;;3

>., 2828, 2829

683

J2, 683, 2832

.. «81,28;!2

681!

.. 680,2831;

28311

693

.. 682,2832

682, 2832
682, 2832

683, 2832
69r>
679

680, 2832
682
681
2833
632
)33, 635, 64H
4!l
1(10

ion

107

KM)

111
111

109
110
108
1353
1578
948
900
96(i
251

I'ago.

gnnlonnim, AbrainiH 251

LeucisciiH 251

X(>teiiii;:oiiiis 251

( iariluiiiis 243

Garflsli 714

(laribaUli 1.564

(ruribalttiH 1504

(larlopa 1186

irarinani, Cbaracortoii 2832

« iobins 2225

Le[ioiiii8 1002

Notropis 281

( rariiumiiia 2231, 2232

li(;iiii;;,Vinna 2233

paradoxa 2232

aeiiiliiiula 2233

jriirnoti, Ilalichn'res 1593

Iridio 1593

Jiilis 1593

PlatyjiliiMsiis 1,")93

(iarnipa 1161,1797

nigrita 1161

ftrtscon 910

(Tiisi)ereau 420

( las pergoii 1484

Crasteracanthns 746

(lastei'opelecus 337

acaiitbiiriis 579

crocotlilus 558

bumboldti 572

nmciilatus 338

Tracliiuiia 2297

( iaHterostea 745

blancbartli 746

( lasterosteidai 742

(lasteroMteinib < 743

Gaeterostens 746

aculeatiis 747. 2836

cataphractus 750

algerieiisis 748

aiitecfHsor 900

apelteB 752

argcntisainuis 747

argyroponius 748

ballloni 747

bia(Mik"atti8 748

biHpiiioHUH 748

alkiiisi ... 748
(Mivicri .. 749,2836

bracliycentrus 748

breviceps 746

canadim 948

caroiiniiH 944

uataplirac.tiiH 749

couc.inuiiH 745

dokayi 746

Pago.

GaHteroHtouH, diinidiatim 749

diictor 900

eleguiiH 748

gladiiiiiuiilus 2830

glul>icup.s 744

gyniniirim 748

jiiciiimttiim 744

iiiH('iil|itUH 750

int<'riii('(liii.>4 7.'iO

iHlandi('ii8 748

bnvis 745

leiiirus 747

loricatiiH 747

lotliariugiLS 746

niaiiiciisis 745

iiii('ro|)ii8 744

inillipunctatus 752

iiebiilosiir) 74(i

iioiiatrianii.s 747

oliolariiis 750

uCi'idiMitali.s 745

plebuiiiH 751

pdiiticuH 747

piigutti 751

piiiigitiiiH 745

bra(;liy]>oda. 746

pygiiiiiMiH 744

quailracim 752

saltatrix 947

Hitiiiiannatii.s 747

seiiiiloi'icatim 747

serratus 750

spiniilodiiM 748

tetracaiithuH 748

trachurii8 747

wbeatlandi 749

williaiiiHoni 750

micriM'opli-

alus 750

Uastrobranchua 7

cn'ciis 8

doinbey 6

Gastropliy.sns 1727

(iastn)psetta 2636

frontalis 2<i36

< iaHtroatomiis ^ 406

bairdii 406

Gala 26

(Jato 28

Uonaci 1187

gancliarote, Chn't08toinu8 159

IleiiiijiicistriiH 159

liyposloiniis 1.59

gavailis, Lei>i.HOsl«MiM 110

gayi, Kpicnpus 2.530

gelatiuusiiin, Melauu!4tigiiia 2479

I:

2984

Index,

ii

gelatinosua, CaroprocHm 2i:t4, 2135

Cy<;loi)teriiH "2135

Liparis 2134, 2135

gelida, Ainmocrypta 1064

Kelidiia, Ccratichtliys 317

Gobio 317

llylmpsis 316, 317

geiniiirttuH, JiloiiiiiiiH 2385

llyjiloiirocliilijs 2385

gemma, Hyii<»|>lw!triiH 1103

giMiimil'ur, AstroneHthes 586

LampaiiyctiiB 559

Gempylidao 877

Gompylimi! 878

Geinpylus 883

coluber 884

opbidiuinis 884

promctheiis 883

Hcrpeiis 884

Holiiudri 883

geuerosus, ( latoHtomus 170

I'aiito.steui^ 170

Gonicaiithus 16H2

tricolor 1684

(lenizara 1586

gtiii izara, ClepticuB 1587

Kabirubia 1586

gontilis, Ulonniiis 2388

Hypsoblennius 2387

Isosthes 2388

Genyatreraus 1342

luteus 1342

Genyonemus 1460

faHciatus 1479

linoatus 1460

Genyoroge 1247

viridis 1246

GenypteruH oinoHtigma 2490

Genytremus 1314

iiiterriiptiLs 1319

geometricus, AuchisomuH 1736

Chilomycterus 1749

Dio<lon 1748,1749

Tetiodon 1735, 1736

ZiiUH 936

Geopliagus 1542

crasHilabris 1543

goorgianus, Caranx 927

Kxoc(utu8 730

gtiorgii, Tetrapturus 892

gerauia, Bdone 716

gormanus, Notropis 261

Gurmo 870

alalnnga 871

germo. Scomber 871

Germon 871

• Page.

(Jerres 1373,1377

aprion 1373

argoiiteiis 1371

uun-oliis 1375

axillaris 1378

bruHiliaiitis 1378

brtn'imaiiiia 1377

bro virost ri» 1376

caliturniousiH 1370

cinerouH 1370

dowi 1368

emhry X 1379

gracilia 1370

gula 1371

liarcugulus 13G!)

jonoHi 1308

lioeatuH 1377

mexicanus 1380

oliathustoiiia 1377

oliHtliostorous ] 370

patao 1378

poriivianus 137fi

pliuiiieri 1379

ps(>iidognla 1308

rhombods 1374

sqiiamipinnis 137::

Kobra 137;f

Gerridiu l.WO

gliiiii, Ortliragoriscas 17r)4

Ghoat-lish 244:i

gibba, Pteropbryne 2717

gibber, Salinu 47H

gibbi(!eps, Ileroa liiliO

gibbifrona, Cypaelurua 28:iii

£xoc(Btus 741

Gibbonaia 2351

elegana 2353, 2809

ovidea 2352, 2H00

gibbonaii, llolcouotua 150!i

gibboaa, Cliola 'ITl

Gila 2;ir.

Moniaiia 2":.'

Porca 1009, 12.i0

marina 12!ir>

Tigoma 235

gibboaam, Ila'iiiulon 1290

gibboana, Aphredodoriia 7H7

Calliodon 12flt;

Catoatomiia 180

Cy prlnodon OT'J

Eiipomotia . . lOoli

Holocontriia 131lt

Leiiciaona 2:tl

Pomotia 1005

Squaliua '-:! 1

gibbsii, HemilupidotiiB 19:i0

Index.

2985

Pngo.

Si1>l)sii, Salmo 49:i

clarkii 281!)

iiiykiHS 41);{

gilibiis, lI,ypHilo|iis coriiutUH 283

LipuriH 2123

Lophius 2717

gifjiiH, Ceriiii 11 '>1

K|ilii]>puH 1068

Plpiiit^plu'liis 1 154

Hippojrltmsus 2012

Mugil 1483

I'erca 1 1 ")4

Sciicna 1483

Seriola 003

SerranuM 1 154

Ster<'oloi)is 1137

Zoiiiclitliys 903

Cila 220

iitlinis 228

anlt'siaca 237

coiiocephala 219

derails 226

emoryi 227

estor 240

gibbosa 235

graciliiH 227

graliami 227

gruudis 225, 2797

giila 234

microlepidota 207

inontana 238

nacrea 228

nigra 235

plilegethontis 243

piilehella 234

robusta 227

souiiouda 228

vandoisula 240

Gila Trout 226

gila, Catostonius 180

gilberti, Agonus 2060

CithariclithyH 2086

Galeichthys 2773

llyps()l)lenniu8 2386

Ilypnus 2253

Isesthes 2387

Lepidogobius 2254

Mfiiidia 798

Not r(>i)i8 266

Noturus 148

Podot liecns 2058

Saliiio irideus 502

Schilbcodcs 148

Scbastodes 1823

Uldwntra ... 1049

f J ilbortinn 2027

3030 110

Page.

Gilbcrtina sigolutos 2028

Gillellus 2298

arciiicola 2299

oniat us 2299

Heniiciiict Its 2298

gilli, Labicbthys 368

LoiiciHciis 239

Pl«iiroiit'CteM 2654

Si'baat odes 1811

Syiicbiriis 2024

Gillia 2249

gilliaiiiis, Julis 1610

Gillicbthys 2249

dctrii8UH 2251

giiayina.sia- 2252

iiiiriibilis 2250

y-(:aiida 2252

gillii, linssogigas 2515

C(.'t<>iiiin)us 549

Cliiiiis 2358

Lepoiiiis 992

Li])o^'eiiy8 019

Malacoctoiiiis 2358

Neoby thi tes 2513

PcL'tilia 692

Stepliaiioberyx 836

Xipbopborim 092

Xystroplites 1007

Giiiglymostouia 26

caboverdiaiius 26

(urratiiiii 26

fiilviiiu 26

GinglyniostOiiiidib 25

giorua, Ceplialopterus 93

girardi, Acipenser 106

Caianx 922

Girardinicbtbys 000

iiiuoiniiiatus 666

(iirardiiius , 086

foriiiosiiH 088

guppii 2834

metiilUcns 687

occideiitalis 089

pleiiros|)iliis 688

Honoriensis 689

iiniliotat IIS 087

vaiidnpolli 2834

versicolor 689

Girella 138 1

dorsoiiiacula 1382

nigricaus 1382

Girelliiia' 1381

Gitoii 340

Casciatiis 340

Gi/./.nrd Sliads 415

glaber, Cottus 2310

p^l - ■»

■

^

i 1

; i ■'. I

■1

i

2986

Index;

Page.

glaber, CyclopterlclithyH 2104

Oatracdon oWoiigus 1 735

Pleuronectes 2650

glabra, Liopaotta 26r>0

Platossa 2G5(I

glabro, Corporo oblougo 2057

Ostracion siibrotuiuliis ven-
tre 1749

glaciale, Myctophum 574

glacialis, Cottu» 1976

Gadua 2534

Liopaotta 2649, 2650

Pleuroiiectea 2(549

Scopeliis 574

Squaliis 57

gladinnculiiH, Gaateroateua 2836

gladiiia, Trichiiirus 887

Tylosnrus 716

Xipbiaa 894

Glance Fish 954

Glasaeye 1021

glanca, Prionace 33

glaucofnunura, Ooryphopterns 2220

Gobiua 2219

glaucoidea, Trachynotns 041

glaucoparoiua, Acaiithiirua 1694

glaucna, Sebaatodoa 1777

glaiicoatictiiH, R)iiuobatu3 OS

glaiicoatlgnia, Kliinobatus 62

glaticuH, Carrbarhinua 33

Carcbarias 33

Cbtetodon 941

laiirnpais 48

Sqnalua 33

Tracbinntus 940

Trachynotua 941

GlauateguH 61

Globeflsb 1734

globiceps, A gonostonia 821

Blennicottus 2017

bryoaus . . . 2017

Centridermichtbya 2017

Gaateroatoua 744

Oligocottus 2017

globoaa, Lyoapbwra 1752

glorioaua, IJry ttua f»94

Enneacantbua 993

Gloaaamia 1111

pandionis 1111

Glosaicbtbya 2704

plagiiiaa 2710

Glossodon 412

bnreiigoidea 413

beteriiriia 413

gloaaodonta, A rgentina 411

Gloaaudua 41 1

I

Pago.

GloaaodiiB forakuli 411

Gloaaoplitea 9!il

gloveri, Salnio ; 487

Glut Herring 42tl

gliitinnaa, Myxine 7

Glyphidodon 15fi0

cbrysarim 15t)7

declivifrons l.Wj

riidia 1563

aaxatilia 156L>

taiirua 15o;i

troschelli 1562

Glypbiaodon 1560,1501

■ nioucbarra ISG'J

rubicundua 156,')

Glyptoi-epbalus 2656

acadianus 26:7

cynogloHsus 26,')(i

pacificua 2655

aaxicola 2037

zacbirua 265H

(inatbanodon 927

Gnatbobolua 437

niucronatua 43K

Gnatbocentriiiii 1687

( Jnatliodor apeciosus 928

gnathodua, Paeudoacarua 1650

Scarus 1650

Gnatholepia 2210

Gnatbopbia 355

Gnatbypops 2283

niacropa 2284

inaxillo.sa 2284

maxilloHUS 2284

myatncina 2'J8<>

myataciiiua 228(1

"rboinalea 2285

a<u>p8 228:i

anyderi 2285

Goatfiab, Red S58

Yellow 8r.9

Goatfishea 857

Gobies 2184,2188,2210

lilind 22(il

(.'reated 2J()9

Half-naked 2231

Naked 2257

Gol)ieBo<;ida' 23i!t)

Gobie.socinio 2I!'J7

Gobieaox 2329,2330,2331

aduatus 2334

carneua 2337

cepbalua 2332

ceraainua 2336

eigeumanni 233!»

eosa 2343

Index,

2087

Page.

Oobicsox erythropB 2336

fasciatUH 233h

luiieliris 2334

gyriuiiH 2331

hajres 2337

huinoralis 2341

iiuKTophthalniUH 2335

iiigriitiimia 2332

iiudiis 2331

papillit'er 2330

pinnigor 2329

pascilophthalmiiB 2335

punctiilatuH 2338

reticiilutus 2328

rhessoduu 2340

rhod(>Bpilu8 2335

riiliigiiiuBiiB 2337

rui)e8tri8 2341

atriiiuu8U8 2333

tudes 2333

vlrgatultis 2333

zebra 2342

Gobiichthys 2210

Gobiidii! 2188

(iobiinai 2190

(Jobio irstivaliH 316

oataractro 306

gelidus 317

pliimbous 324

vornalis — 321

gobio, Cliuus 2365

Cottus 1941, 1968, 2009

Gobioelinus 2365

Gobiocliuu8 2364

gobio 2365

Gobioideu 2184

(Jobioidei 781

Gobioides 2263,2868

barreto 2264

brousHoueti 2264

broussonnetii 2263

l)eriiaiiU8 2264

gobioides, Cottiis 1968

Uraiiidea 1968

GobioidiiiiL' 2192

Gobiomorns 2194

doriiiitator 2195

domiitor 2195

gronovi.iiiiis 950

Gobioneilus 2210, 2215, 2227

hastatus 2229

oceanicus 2230

amaragdim 2228

Htigmaticus 2224

gobioni II III , Campostoina 206

GobiuBoina 2257

Tage.

GobinHonia alepidotiim 2250

bosci 2259

ciMitlidTUiii 2261

crtscfutalo 2259

ciiHctuilalis 2260

bisfrio 2258

ioH 2255

loiigipiiiiu! 2256

iiioUistiiiii 2258

miiltilascialuiii 2260

/.oHtcniriiiii 2257

GobioiiH iibldUgiiM 2264

GobiiiH 2209, 221 1 , 221 6

alt'iiidot 118 2259

aiiioi'ca 2201

aiidrei 22 1 8

bacalaiiH 2230

badiiis 2227

banana 2236

boleusoiiia 2221

b<)8ci 2227, 2259, 2868

bruunciiH 2218

caiula loiigisHJiiia aciiiiiiuata 2230

caroliiifUHis 2218

catuluH 2218

cbi()uita 2241

cristagalli 2209

cypriuoides 2209

dalli 2230

doli('liocephalu8 2237

eigeinnaiiui 2218

eiiilileiuaticus 2247

eiii'ii'oiuus 2223

fasciatiis 2222

tia VU8 2235

gariiiaiii 2225

glaucofrii'iHim 2219

gracilis 2249

groiiovii 949

gulosiia 2244

liaatatiiH 2229

bemigyinmis 2233

Id'aiissi 2228

lacertus 2218

laiicfolatiis 2229, 2230

lei)idii8 2249

lineatua 2218, 2260

luiigicaiida 2229

lucretias 2808

lyricus 2224

nianglicola 2220

nia])0 2218

iuartiiiieii8 2236

luexicaniia 2237

inicrodon 2227

miuutus 2U97

'! :t;l

1,1

298S

Index.

■ i

■ i

(lObiimiit^lHoni

iiiiwbtfi'rvi

nichulHii

ocoaiiiciiH

pai'iiiloxiiM

(tiHiiiiiH

|)liiinii>rl

lMK\vi

<|iia(li'i|ii)riiH

HaKitliila

HiMiiiiniilim

Hliiili'ldti

HinaraKdiiH

HinyriicnsiB

Hopdrator

Htigiiiaticiia

HtiKiiiaturii.s ,

strijiatim

tHinsica

tlialasHJiiuH

towiiHondi

viridipallidns

wurdeiiianni

z«I>ra

K"l>iiis, Liparis

fjoboiili'n, IIy])siroinotos. ,

Goby, Loiift-.iiiwed

Nakod ,

Sliai'p-tnlled

ffoddellVoyi, Peniichthya ,
guduiaiuii, Ciclilasoiua . . .

lleros ,

Piiiu'lodiia

Kliaiiidia

Pngi).

22;t5

2248

2218

22ao

2232

22(11

2206

2220

2221

2228

22;U

2221

2227

2118

2216

2224

2220

2228

2236

2245 I

2250 i

2259 I

2225 '

2220

2108

2294 I

2250 j

2259 {

2229

1197

1510

ir.io

152 !

' 152

Goggle-oye 990, 992

Jack

(TOgjilcr

Goldoii Sliiiier

Trout of Mount AVhitiu'_\-

Gold fish

Golot

Goltia

Gonia Hoi

guiiK-sii. Opliidithus

()l)liiclitliy8

()l>liiauru.s

Goiienion

Horr»

Goniobatis

umcroptera

Goiiiodus

Gouioiiarce

Goniojierca

Gonioplectrus

biflpaiiua

Gouocephalus

911

911

250

503

201

507

508

1833

384

385

385

946

947

88

88

57

78

1194

1139

1140

2183

Pagp.

GonoccplialuH inacror«|)lialU8 2184

Giinocha-todon 1072

GonoptcruH 1687

iiKfrcna 1688

(foncmtonia r)78

brevidetiB 57o

dciiudatum 579

eloiiKatum 68;)

uiicrodou !)82

(ioiioMtoMiiiia^ 678

( ioiioHtoiiiUH acuiitliuruH 579

Goodca 685

atripiimis 685

j^oodui, A Idro vandia 6I0

Erlniy/.ou igfi

HaloHaurufl 6I0

Hyineiio(;e|ihalnH 2672

Lucania 664

Macrurun 2572

Myliobatis 2755

Neinatoiiunia 2571

Paralonchnrus 1480

PtilichtliyH 2462

Sebast iclitliys ngo

Sobastodea 1779

Spinivonier ;t07

Tracblnotus 943

Urolophus 81

Goodeinm 632

Goodtish 487

Goodies 1458

Goody J 458

GooBefish 2711)

Gorbuscha 478

gorbuscha, Oiicorhynclius 478

Salmo 478

Gordi ichthys 3C3

irretitus 303

gorecDBis, Albula 412

Tracliyiiotus 943

Vomer 934

gouani, Lepidopus 887

Gou.joii 2790

Gourd-seed Suc^ker 108

gracile, Boleosouia 1102

Myctophuni 572

Peristediou 2179

gracilis, Aldrovaiidia 610

Atberiiiichtbys 797

Bleimius 2438

Catostoiiiua 179

Chastodon 1675

CottHH 1908

(.'yprlnus 326

Diapterus 1370

Gadus 2538

Index,

2!)81>

Psgc.

Kmi-iliH, naniliiiRia 082,0811

GcrrcB i:t7ii

Olla 227

Gobiiis 22411

HippocnrnpiiH 777

Hybopsis ::21

Lnpitlogobiiis 2241)

LepiHusttniH 110

Loptocephalua 354

LeuiiiaciiA 28;t, 380

Lycotlen 2463

Menidia 797

boryllina 707

Montana 272

Perca 1024

Pbotonect«!s 591

Piinelodut 135

Platygobio 320

Pleurogadiis 2538

PcBcillchthys 1103

Ptychocbeilus 225

Scomber 8G7

Scopelus 572

Septogiiii iiellus 2430

Tigonm 230

Tilesia 2538

Uinbrina 1474

I'raiiitlea 1008

XiphophoriiB 083

gracioBiiB, Piniulodiis 135

gradions, Hypsagoniis (Clioira-

goiiiis) 2041

graellsi, < ipliidion 2488

grahami, Gila 227

Leuciscua 228

Oligocepbalim 1089

grallator bentliusaiirua 543

Graiuina 1228

loreto 1220

Graniiiiateaa 1347,1348,1353

hiiinilis 1355

incdius 1356

grammaticum, Tbalaaaoma 1010, 2850

gramraaiicua, Chloricbthys 1010

Grammatopleurua 1806

lagocephalus 1875

Grammatostomiaa 500

dentatua 500

Gramniiclithya 2093

liiicatua 2702

Grainmicolepididii) 073

Graromicolapia 974

bracliinaculua 974

Grammiconotua 725

bicolor 720

Graiuminffi 1131

I'ajjr.

((ruiiiiiiiHtcs ac.iiiiiiiiatim 14^7

iM'Piiiii^. i:u;i

iiiiiuritii 13'j:i

tiivittatiiM nil

iiniinanilatiiH 1;I0()

Orimd Oriiiu^hot) li(,")7

(Jraiidc ficnilli) 4(i!t

|j;ruiidicHHHis, A ri i in I'jli

Net lima 120, 2704

TacliixiiriiH 120

atricticaH-

Hia 120

grandlcornla, Scorpiina 18.^0

grandipinniH, IMioto^^cnia 280

graiidlH, FiiiidiiliiH 2827

hetiTuditiia 041

( JUa 225, 2707

Loiii'iMciiH 225

I'tycliotlifiliis 225. 2700

gran<lii4(|iuiiiia, Kleolris 2108

gruudlM(iiianiiH, ('liii'iii.iiilia 1507

I'latyKlossiis 1507

UptllKMIH 800

graiiiliiculatiis, (Jciif roiioiniis 1120

granilocnlf, ( ;iiii'(i«t(mia 2839

gniiHldciiliH, A tlicriiiiclitliys 2840

gnuiiilata, I'eica 1024

Uaia 72

graniilatu.s, AiiKirpbuct-plialua 1019

graiiiilu.sa, I'ri.sliH 01

GraoduH 254

ni^rota'tiiatUH 204

(Jraaa Hasa 987

I'oiKy 1355

Uockflali 1819

Gray Grunt 1296

I'iko 1022

Snapper 1255

grayi, (/urpiodos 1C7

Lejiidosteiia Ill

Salaio 509

Grayling, Arctic 517,2871

Kuropean 2870

Micliigun 518, 2871

Montana 510, 2871

Graylin <{h 517

Great A Ibacore 870

Aniber-llsh 903

Barracuda 823

Hear Lalvo Herring 470

BliuiSharli 33

Cliub 232

Flounder 2652

Flying ti.sb 740

Fork-tailed Cat 137

Gar Ill

•m-

■'t

f

-^mw

2900

Index.

m

w

'!■'■?

m

'fm

;j I

Page.

Great. Lake Trout 504

Northern I'iko 6H(i

Pslinpaiio 943

Pike 029

Pipefish 764

Sculi)in 1976

ScMilpiiiH 1970

Sea La!iii)rey 10

Tunnies 869

White Shark 50

grebnitsk ii, Phoiidapus 2431

Green liass 1012

Cod 2534

Parrot-lish 1638, 1657

Pilie 627

Sturgeon 104

S.infish 996

Grepnbpck Tiout ; 497

G ruen-fish 1382

Ahiska 1869

greeiiei, IJranide.i 1 965

greeni, Coiiesius 324

Neoliparia 2112

Greenland Chai r 508, 510

Codfish 2542

Halibut 2611

Creenling 1871

( recalings 1863,1866

(«reen-si(led Darter 1053

(irogory, Beau 1555

Grenadiers 2561

grex, Scomber 867

grinialdii, Conchoguathus 349

(irinille 113

grisea, Dionda 216

iiiK'ioperca 1022

SciiPna 1484

[Tnibranchaportura 342

griseolineatuni, Sipliostoina 764

grist'olineatus, Syngnathus 764

griscu'.u, Stizi)8te<lion eanadonse... 1022

gi'istas, Aconiua 175

Canliarias 47

Ciiiostonius 175

lloy.anchus 19

Labrus 1257

Liitjanns 1257

MeM(>i)rion 1257

Neo'iiieiiis 1255

Notidanus 19

Saurus 537

S<|ualn8 19

gnellai. Ophi.litnii 2487

giienlandica, Nansenia 528

gnenluudicus, .(\si/idnpli(iroiile8 2092

Cottu» J975

P:ige.

grienlandiciiH, Cottns scorpius 1975

Gunnellus 2418

Himantolophiis 2733

Hippoglossus 2611

Microstomus 52(i

Myoxocephalus 1974

Salnio 521

( ironias 135, 136, 142

iiigrilabris 142

gronuviauns, Gobiomorus 9,'50

gronovii, Achirus 2696

Allurichthys 117

Galeichthys 11"

Gobius 949

Js'omeus 949

Ostracion 1725

Solea 2696

Zoarces 2457

grossidens, Engraulis 451

Lycengrauiis 451

Ground Drumnier I4;jfi

Spearing 533

Grouper, Black 1161, 1174

Mangrove 1171

Nassau 1157

lied iKio

Yellow 118:!

Yellow-tinned 1155, 1172

Groupers ii4h

Grubber r>roi>d-lu'ad 447

(Jriibby 197:!

grunuiens, Aniblodon 1484

Ai)lodinotU8 1484

Haploidonotus 14X4

Labrus 1483

Mugil 1483

Grunt, Black 1257

Boar 1303

ConiTJon 13U4

French I30ti

Gray I29i:

Margaret 129.")

Open-mouthed 1306

Red-mouthed' 13(IH

Striped 129(1

White 1310

Vellow 1303

Grunters 1289

Grunts 1291

Striped 131:!

gryllus, Kxoco'tus 72'J

Grystes 1010

lineatus 1868

niegastoma 1012

nobilis lOlJ

nuoceiisis 1012

Index.

2991

Page.

Guabi coara bra.siliensi1>ii8 K!05

(f uacaniaia 1(557, 1658

guacaiuaia, lIuini»toiiirt 165!)

PseudoHCarim 165(>, 1 659

Scams 165(i, 1 65H

Guacaniaias 1655

guacliancho, Spliyra.'iia 824

Uuacliiiianci), Pargo 12P4

guaco, Amore 22;!6

Guaguaiu-lie ^ 824

Pelon * 824

guaiacan, Kclieiiels 2270

Gnaiacui) 679

Guajacoues 678

Guajica 692

Guaniaiacii atinga 174U

Guamajacu giiara 1745

guanabana, Erizo 1746

Guapena 1480

Guaper\ a 170.'!

lataf'urcipata 1702

guara, Caraiix 926

Guaiiiivjacu 1745

Scomber 027

Guarapueu 876

Guardlish 715

Guasa 1154,1162

giiada, Proniicrops 1164

Scrrauus 1 164

( i iiasotii 1 1 64

guatemalensis, Ariii.s 129

Adiuia 060

Auacyrtus 338

VtberiiiicbtliyR 801

Citu.iriciitbyH 2686

P'undiiliis 660

Galeicbtliys 2778

Hcxiuicmatichtbys . 129

Menidia 801

Pimcliidim 1.52

Khaiiidia ir2

Itd-bdidHs ;t38

Guativere 1144, 1145

Aiiiarilla 1144,1145

Black 1146

Kwl 1145

guativere, nodianus U45

Scrriinn8 1145

(Tiiatxicu])a.jiiba i:t2:<

Guavina 2194, 2108. 2201

guaviua 2198

Hoyora •2230

Mapo 2106

TtUard 2200

gnavina. IbilracliiiH 2105

KleoUU 2109

Page.

gtiaviiui.Guavina 2198

Giiaviiias 2194

gunyiiiiisia', (JillicbtbyH 2252

giiaza, Epiuepbelus 1151

Labru.s 1154

Gudlax 054

Guebucu 891

guebiu'ii, Skt'poiK'podus 891

giientlieri, Pcicina 1034

Gnenibaco 2198

< J ui'ule, Petite 137(i

gniaiienHis, IJelone 715

guicbonotl, Caycnnia 2265

guinct'ii.'^is, O.stracion 1725

Giiiritinga 119

Guitarttsb 63

Guitarflsibcs Gl

Guitarro 62

giila, Eucinostoiniis 1370

(ierre.s 1371

Gila 234

.Sqiialius 234

(Jnlf Flounder 2631

Mciibadeii 434

Sbad 2810

gulo, Holijceiitrus 1139

gtilonellus, Lcucosoiiiiis 326

Pogoiiicbtbys (Platy-

gobio) 2:10

gnlo-ia, rranidea 1945

gulosuH, Oatborop.o \8!l 27HH

CentricltTiuirbtliys 1945

('liH'iiDbryttiis 992

Cottopsis 1945

(.'ottns 1944

Gobiiis 2244

Lopi(b)g()bius 2244

Poiiiot i.s 992

'raciilHuriia 133

Giilpers 404

guliilii, KiicinoatuiiniH 1371

gummlguttn, Uypoplectnia 1192

iinicidor 1192

Plectropouia 1192

gmidlachi, Doniiitator .... 2198

guiKdlilurinis, Astetiiopteryx 2420

Centrouotiia 2421

Muru'iioidea 2421

GiiiH'Uus iiigi'UB 2419

niacrucupbaliiH U4|0

Giinui'U 2419

GuiiuuUops 2420

ro.'teUB 2420

(luuut'llus alert ndupbiiH 2422

augulUaris 24'10

apo8 2430

I ft
if

2992

Index.

Pago.

(jruunellus dolioliotjuHlor 8417

liil.iicii a4!)8

niHolatiis 2418

grii'iilaiHlirilH --'(jH

InIhiiiIIciih ii-^iJll

inura.iKiiilos a4)M

IIMlinlnQXIii 241^

KIIKIIIIS • 242U

pii IK til I IIS -4^0

niliiM'i'iiiiiis .. '^i\'\

vulgiiris 2410

giiiiiiellua, lUcniiiua 2419

(.'(Mitrouotus 2419

Miuaiioidert 2419

Pholis 2419

Qunnels 24U

giinneri, Scoim 956

giiliuei'itiiiiis, Sqiialus 51

gujiuisuiii. Cliola 273

(Jypriiiella 373

guntlieri, AspiilojilKiroiclos 2090

Ktlieo."toina 1034

lladroptt'jiiH 1033

ilalosniinm 608

Hoi)loi)agru.s 1244

Laiui>aiiy('tiia.

Mugil

Siremlio

Spbyra'ua

Xiphoiiliorua .
giDitlieriniia, Aliiteru

*l

559

812

2623

824

702

1720

giippii, (JirardiiJiis 2834

(Juniaid, Hig/ieaded 2171

Coninioii 2166

Flying 2183

No/tliern Striped 2167.2168

Red 2177

Quruards 2147,2148,2)52

Dft'p- water 2177

Flyiug 2182

Mailed 2176

Siiiallscaled 2175

GurnarduH 2148

Giisas 1162

guttata, Myuteropercs veoeuiisii ... 1174

Porcft 1142,1164

S<^()rpa'na 1847

guttatas, AstroscopUH 2310

Haliste.s 1702

Cliiropsis 1869

Chirns 1868

EiineacentriiB 1142

coroiiatu.s . 1 142

£pine|>lielnM 1142, ir)9

l'"iiiidiilu,s 068

llippucaiupiis 776

I'ap

guttatiiH, JuliniuH 117;

Lainiiria 9."m

till till iiu.s lati'i

Lii(,)aiiii8 12t''.i

}»\i-my\\»\\ 12Cii

Wl<W</OI(|<'8 241.1

BI'oKiKjiIs IJfi'.t

Ojdiiaiif lis 3s.'

Percopsis 7*^ i

Petromctopon II) '

VfjmoiU '.)'.)..

Promicnipa lltij

Seba.stapi.slea 18 1-

Up.siloHpliorux 231.1

Zeus 'J.' 'i

Zygoufclrs O.i >

giitlaviiriuin, Plcctrupoiiia 11;l'

giittavariua, Hypoplectrua I I'.i:

iiiiicolor 11','::

guttifir, Onljiclitliii.s 'M:

Opbii//y/(.ys :i»(;

guttulatUH, Uippocaiiipiia 778

PiMoilonoidjis '.ill

PIciironiH'tos 2^Vi

PJii(((»(((lclifliy« 2G4n

giiziiiauicnsia, CatUHt(/i((l/« ,,. 171

Pantii^toiis 171

(iyinnaciiinis 'Jiiti,

faacifitus 27ii:i

(Jyniiieleotria 2204

.seiniiiiida 220i

aeiiiinudiia 2204

Gyinueliiia' 24."pi;

Oyinuelis 2477

pictua 2477

atigiua 2477

viridiH 247/

Gynii)i;piguatliii8 907

Gymuocanthiia 20111;

galnatiia '20Hi

piatilliger . . . 2000, ^008, 2n(j.i

tricuspia 200-

Gynmofcplialiia , Oti'J

nibur JUii

G.viniiodoiitca 781,17-ii

(l.viiini)gaHtfr His'i

(lyiiiiKigaster, (Jotylopim 2207

Hl(;.\diuin Hon

8iiyopteru8 220H

Gyiiinoiiinra'na 402, 4ii:'.

lu'ctura 41M

vittata 404

(iyiiiiKiiioti 't;i!'

Gy miiopais to:

G.xniiioaarda ''i.'*

..Ik-tirata 809

f

Index.

2903

I lyiniiosardii pelainiH 8fi8

:,'yiiiii()stetliii8, I'rionotiis 2151!

1 iyiunotborax 39.', 400, 401

afer :i95

aii".". c-(lu)<'i3 :!91

cateiiattis 403

chlev.vstea 399

couHpersiis 397

dovil 397

elaburatiiH 389 ]

Havoscrijitus 395

funcbris 39G

loiigiciudii 392

iiiai'iiioreiis 391

miliaria 398

iiiordux 396

inoringiia 395

iiigroca.stiiiictm 390

ob.sciiJiihis 389

ocdlatus • 399

iiigroiiiar-

KiniitiiH . 400

Haxicola . . . 399

panarnfpsiti 391

pjffuTixtua 395

pi4U0 ■; 2805

IxAygotiiig 394

rri.slratiis 395

.saii(l:i'-bel( ii:o 397

acriptus 398

iitDlii'osiis 390

v<friJU 394

ver«i^(/nt* itiis 304

vjrinus 394

vi^6sceu3 394

'Jymnotidii' 340

(J ymiiotorjtcdo 77

Oyiiinotus allniH 340

bachiurus 340

larapo 341

fasciatus 340

ptitool 14?

(rymniira, Dasyaf i» 8t

Trygo" (i

fiyrans, Qiieriniaiia 818

(lyrinicbtbys 2137

iiiinytrciiiiis 2137

^yrinops, Cyclopti'ioide.s 2102

ixyrimis, Eleot ris 2201

GobioHux 23.31

Noturrs 140

Scliilbeodi-H 146

SiltiniB 146

(vvropltMirodus ..,, 30

(iyroplcurodim l'rnn<-i8rl SIO

t|U«yJ '.'I

Pa^fl.

Haddo 478

Haddock, . I fiiisaleiii 954

Haddocks 2542

Hadropterus 1028, 1030. 103H

nspro 1032

auraiitiacus 1041

cyiuatotiuiiia 1042

ovides 1030

{.'iiiitiicri 1033

iiiacrocDpliahis 1031

iiiaculatiis 1031, 1034

niaii/iiKc 1043

iiigrot'asciatus U38

(niachita' 1035

pi'itattiH 1034

plioxocepbaliis 1030

roaiioka 1036

.sci('rii8 1037

Ht'iTiila 1038

Hliiiiiiurdi 1047

H(|iiaiiiatii8 1040

t.'SHillatiiH 1070

varialiis 1070

ba'iiiatiua, Cliola 218

bicinat urns, Uybopsis 218

LciuihCiiB 218

Hiciimlida' 1289

Ha'iniiloii 1291

.".(•iituin 1299

albidmii 1299

album 1 295, 1296

arara 1306

arciiatiim ^ I3n5

aiiroliiieatuin 1310

boiiariciiso 1297

brcviro.strum 1300

cana 1299

caniia 1297

cn]H'uua 131 1

cai'lMiiiariiiiii 1300

caudiiiiacula 1299, 1302, 1300

cliiomis 1299

c' rysargyroum 1308

clirysoi)t('r<)u 1300

cbrysopttTum I'lOO

colli iniiiim . 1207

corv iiiieforrao 1327

dorsii|». i:j03

dcjia lis 1304

(lavi^fnttntiirn I'iVi

t!a\ igiittalii.s 1312

llaviiliiicaliilii .. 1300

foi'llHIHIIIII 1306

'rniiii'biiiidiiiii 1297

/ibbosmii 1206

liftcrodon 1306

bians i:{04

fffFr

2994

Index.

1 %:

i 4 ■
If

'• I

Pane.

Hseintilon Jciiijj'iano 1310

lobiidum 1:119

liiteuiii 1304

iiiacrostiniia 1297

niiicrostdinuin 1290

iiiaciiliobiida 1314

nuK-uloHUin 1295

inargaritireniin 1312

ina/,atlaiiiiiii 1314

iiielamirmn 1302, 1303

iiiicroplithaltnunt 1290

inmleMtuni 1340

m ultiliiioatuni 1 304

liotatuin I -97

olitusuin 1319

parra 1287

parrio 1297,1309

pliiinicri 1304

qiiadriliiicatitin 1309, 1311

qiiiiKiHcliueatuni 1311

ri'trimurreus 1297

rimator 1309

Bcliraiiki 1302,1303

BciiiriLs 1303

scudderi 1299, 1300

Herrntuni 1299

Bexfasciatuiii 1294

MexCaHciatua 12P5

siinilis 1304

itfiiidat'lineri 1301

striatum 1311

Hiibarciiatum 1306

tii'iiiatuiii 1308

uiideriiiiale 1300

xautliopteron 1307

xautboptenim 1307

HflPmulopsiM 1325

Ila'itiylumouiieiina 1311

liaTes, (iobii'Hox 2337

llagtish 7

California 6

IlaKflsbt's 5, 7

llairtailn 889

]{ake, Euni|i(>an 2.'J30

Nt'w Kiiglaud 2530

Silver 2530

Wliito 2555

Hakes 2529

llala'Iiirus 23

Halatractiis '. 901

liouariciisis 005

busei 906

coroiiat lis 905

dorsi'lis 902, 906

laseiatus 904

haloe, Cliipea 421

i Pa<;r

! Half-beak, Common 7'.t

Halfbeaks 7i .

Half-moon ]:[i.i

Half-naked (lobies 22 I

Halias l!5i'j

niarginutiis 1w :

Halibut 21'); 1

Arrow-toothed 2i!ii'i

Bastard 2t;'_' .

Gre(^nland 2(111

Monterey 2(;i;:i

Halibuts, liastard 2i).'i

Halicampiis 71; 1

llalicbu'res \^^Y■-

l)Ivittatii8 I.".i7

californiciis Vf\

j caiidalis \^\\«\

\ dimidiatiis Vm\

dispilus l,")',!-;

garnoti iTij;

maeulipinua l.'.'i")

nicliolsi iri.i'.'

poeyi l.'j'.iH

radiatiis I'l'.i I

sellifer YAvi

seiiiicinctus l.V.i:!

llalieuta'a 27 1 1

siMHigiosa 274J

1 1 alieutella 27 tj

lappa 27 IL'

Halieiiticbtliys 27:i;i

aculeatiis 27 ii

earibbieus 2741

reliciilatus 2711

Halientinit 27:!ii

Haliperca 1203, 12ii4

bivlttata 121',')

fuseiila 1211

Jacome 1210

pluebe 1212

pra'stigiator I2M

tabacaria 121 '1

balleri, Troloplius Hn

Halocy pselus 729, 2^:;,')

evolans 72'.i

obtiisirostris T.'Ki

HfiloporphyruK viola 2ri44

Halosaurida' lii'i'

Iliilosauropsis 2(<26

llalosaunis <i'iT

;;oodei <!lii

giuitheri 6ii'<

niaerocbir 61"

oweui flti7

rostratUB •'')'•

liaiiiat lis, leeliis 19i:>

Index.

2995

Page.

liamiltoni, Hracliioi)tilon 03

Hipiio^loHHoiileH 2016

Hamlet :!95, 1157

liaralini, Podotheciis 2050

Hammer-head 181

Shark 45

lianimoudi, I'crcopMis 784

l'iii)fl()dii8 135

Seiuoliliis 222

Hand-saw Fish 596

Haiiuahill 1199

Hai)loclieiluH 633, 2827. 283ii

lIai)lochiIu8 aureus 659

chrysotus 056

dovii 65(1

floripinnis 651

liiciiL' 655

melanoplcurus 660

melanops 682

pulcliellus 659

Hciadicua 651

Haplodoci 782, 2313

liaplo^^natliu.s, L(>])onii8 1004

Haploidouot us . 1483

gruiinioim 1484

Haploini 622

1 1 ardor 949

Hardliead 497

1 1 iirdhcadH 719

Hanliuoutli 208

I f ardtail 921

Hare lip Sucker 199

liart'iijjoidcs, Glo.ssi)doii 413

Harengula 428, 430

arcnata 431

callolejiis 430

cliiptola 429,430

buiiioralis 431

jaunana 430

inacTopthalraa 430

maculosa 430

p.'iisacolin 431

sardina 430

harouguluH, Kui'iiio.stiPiuus 1368

Gerres 1369

iiarengus, Clupea 421,422

Corcjionus 469

Laviiii.-i 209

MyxuH 818

Qiieriniaiui 817

Salino 469

liarf'ordi, I'tyclKK'heiluH 22.i, 2797

I larpo 1 581

ca'ruleoaureuH 1583

«lil>h)ta>iiia 1582

eylaucheri 1 5K3

I Page.

Harpe poctoralis 1.582

I i)u;chella 1,584

I itulchra 1.585

; rul'a 1583

\ Harpiua! 1572. 1.574

j Uar]Hirn.s 1689

j t'iisciatus 1091

\ harriiifitoiieiKsis, Atlieriua 791

liarriugtoiii, Axyrias 1904

Harriotta 96

ralei;rliaiia 96

Hiirriottina' 94

Harry, Hlack 1199

Harvest Fi.sh 965,967

liassi'lti, I'arascrraiius 1205

liiiHtata, Dasihati.s 84

DaHyatiH 83

Try goii 84

ha.statu.s, Gohioncllu.s 2229

Gobius 2229

lu'L-itingsi, Neoiiia'iiis 2858

Hau.«*tor 135, 130, 137

lia vauueu.si«, M uni'ua 382

Ophichtlius 382

Urauichthys 382

haydeui, rtychostonius 187

liayi, Hyhogiiathus 214

Hay-ko »78

H. ail-fish 1753

Hiad-lislics 1752, 1753

hcariiei, Suhni) 519

hclieri, Sciimher 923

Huchudo 447

heckuli, HiilistcH 170j

Nerophis 774

* 8y ugnathus 2839

Hectoria 1138

hecrniaiiui, .Xuiiihistichus l604

Heliases 1545, 1546, 1548

in.solutus 1548

inuli'.liueatus 1547

Heliastfi, 1545

cy aueu.s 1547

nclicolenus 1836

(la(;tyloi)toru8 1837

iiiadereiisis 1837

Helioperca 999,1004

lielhri, Oirhlasouia 1521

Hen).s 1521

X iphi(plu>ru.s 701 , 702

Hcliuichthys 353

Heliuii'tis 353

hi'i<)l(']ii8, Traihyrincus 2568

Hi'lop.^A 103

liclviiiiiacnjatus, Sebastoil 1808

HiiiKiurgau.... 1760

'!;;•■ I.

■''.Jell!

2990

Index.

IleniianciHtriiM

a8|>i(luk'i>lH...

gaucliaroti). ..

iremianthiafl, periianiis

vivauus

neniinrius

IlKiiiiliraiicliii

Hoiiiibrancbs

IIeiiiil)r.V('ou

Huuiicaraux

aiublvrhvncliuH.

PafT.".

15!>

15!)

159

1222

122:}

119

741

711

•AX\

912

912, 2.S44

atrimaiius 913. 2840

f'alcatim

fiirtliii

leiu'urim

secuiidus

zelotes

HemicliPBtodon

I[eiiiigol>iii8

Ilciiiigraniiims

lieniifiyiiiiia, ( iarinaiinia

hoinigyiniius, Argyropelfcus. .

(iobiim

Hemilepidotinif

Hciuilopiilotus

gibbsii

luMiiilcpidutiis .

Jonlaiii

spinoHUs

tilenii

heniilepidotus, (Jottus

Ileniik'pidotiiH

2845

914

914

914

2845

1072

2210

3u:t

2233
G04
2233
1880
1934
1936
1935
1934
1937
193«
19.i6
193,")

Ilpiiiiodon 156, 157

150

994

Wl

249

250

250

718!

722

Ileinioloricaria

iremic)])lite.s HiiiiiilaiiM

Huinioplitim

IlKinipliis ,

lai'iiMtiis . .
Iipiiiiplus, Cyprinus...

IIcMiiiraiiipiiidM'

Uuiuiraiiipbus

balao 723,2835

brasilit'iisis

browni

Herai' haiiipbiis Casciat us

lilaiiiciitoHiis. . ..

longiniHtri.s

niacrocliirus

inaororliyiicbiis.

iiiargiiiiitiis

picarti

ploii

pofyi

ricliardi

nibcrti

ro8U'

722
723

720
723
724
723
724
723
720
723
720
720
7-.' I
722

I'll:;.-.

HcinirlianipbuH iini<a8Giatu.s 720, ;;i

Heiiiirlioiiil ^ jitu

ii'tlialioii .. 'ji'i7:i

iraniaca 2' 7:i

liiiibriatiis '.m;t7

fllSCUS JIM!

oi'cllatus i.'';7:i

ovalis i!(;7i

Itii'tulna 2r,7'.'

RoUMi-t'orniis 207:!

Hemirrliiimplins 7J'J

Hemistoina 1 1; I'j

gua(;ainaia It;:,!)

Heiiiitreiiiia 228, 230, -ivi

biiVt'iiata i!'.fl

betorudon i;''.i

inaciilata 'i:>'.\

vittata Ji'j

lleiiiitripterinii' ISsj

IIeiiiitrij)terus '.'nj'j

acadiaiiiis 'Jiu:;

americaiius 2iij;!

cavil roiiH 2ii2:i

inarmoratiis 1889, 2iiL'2

Ht'initi y gon VI. %\

lienipbiUii, Statliiiionotiis 21ii8

lieiilci, (Jarcbarliimis 37, 27li;

Carcbarias ;i7

Kbinotriacis :!1

Triacia :il

boiisballi, Fiindiilus ii."i:i

Zyg<(iie<'tps 6.53, 28'Jli

Iioiisbavii, Ajxn'ope WVl

Kliiniclitbys 312

lieii.sliawi, Saliiio clarkii 281i)

my kiss lu:;

bent/, JJlennius 23!)()

IIyi)H()blomiiii.s 2:i!i0

bciitxi. llypsobluunius '1,Vm

iHostbfS 2:!'.tii

HepatuH Hi.--!!

bcpati's, Acaiithurus Ki'.fJ

(jraiiiiiiistt's 134:!

Teutbis 10(1 ;

beptacaiitlnis, Cbcibtdiptcu-iia 917

b('])tag<)iiii.H, Ilippoi'aiupii.H 775,77,'

Hcptntifinidii'

II('ptraiu'bia.s iiiiiculatiiH 1-

liiTiildi, Tetrodoii 17:ii'i

Hericbtbys 152^

cyaiKigiittatns \%\^

bpniiaiiiii, Sterniiptyx 0(i:i

bfrniineri, Cliniis 23(iJ

b«riiiiiii*-r. lUfiiniim 2362

lipriiiiiiigir, I/Ubrisoinus 23(il

Heruiosilla 1383,i;i*<i

Index.

2997

r.'ige.

llermoBilla azuroa 1I!8I!, i;t84

Iforos ir.2<!

afliiiis l.VJ!)

altifronn ir);i8

aiigdlifcr 1517

aiireiiH 15:f3

baltt'atiis 1522

buHilariH 15)i2

Iwaiii 1 538

hifasciatus 1521

reutrarclnia 1520

citrinollim 15;i4

cyatibguf tatus 1537

(leppii 1524

«li)vii 1535

«!ry tlirn'us 1531

iTythroiis 1531

feiiestratus 1518

friedrichstliali 1528

gibbicops 1536

godTiiaiini 1516

hullcri 1521

intcrmt'fliua 1517

irregularis 1541

labiatiis 1530

l(>ntigiiioaii8 1524

lobochilus 1531

loiiginiauiiH 1521

iiiacracaiitlnis 1519

TiiRculipiniiiH 1520

managuenais 1533

margaritifcr 1 520

iiiclaiiopogon 1523

mclaiinriis 1524

inicroplithalmua 1536

iiiontoituiiia 1518

inotagucnais 1531

iiniltia]iiiiosus 1526

nicaraiiguciisia 1532

iiigrofasciatua 1525

obloiigtis 1535

paniia 151!t

pavoiiacciis 15:!8

roatratua 1523

Hiilviiii 1528

aiciuildii 1517

Hpiiiinia 1520

((itracaiitliua I53!t

triagrainma 1520

triinat'iilntus 1529

trosclicli ir):!7

iirophtlnilimis 1537

hiTos, Kupoiiicitia 1(107

luToa, L<q)oinia 1008

I'oiiiotiH ... 1007

1 1 irpetoiclitby* 381

Page.

Ilcrpetoichtliys, calliMoiiia 384

occllaiua.... 3*4

aulcatiia 382

Herring, I?ig-oye<l 410,426

Bluo 425

Uramb 426

California 422

Coninion 421

Fall 425

(iliit 426

(Jroat Bear Lake 470

Lake 468

Michigan 468

Mountain 463

Kainbow 524

Round 420

Summer 426

Tailor 425

Thread 432

Toothed 413

Walleyed 426

Herringa 417,421

lu'.rsehelii, Illatiophorua 892

'I'etrapturua 892

hersehelinus, Liparis 2123

lierzbergii, Arlus 125

Selenaapis 124, 2760

SiluruH 125

Tachyaiirua 125

Ileaperantbias 1281

oeulatua 1283

Helerandria 686

artinis 681

formosa 687. 2831

hollirnoki 681

metallica 087

nohilia 682

oceidentali.s 680, 2833

omniata 664

]iatruelis 681

])leiir(>s|)ilii8 688

nninotata 687

versicolor 688, 2833

heteroclil-i. Cobitia 641

lieleroclilu.H, I'limlulus 640,2827

badius 2827

grandis 641

niaci'olepido-

tiis 641

hetii'iidon, .Mlinrnop.s 261

llieniulon i:ill(i

Hemilreniia 261

Hyh(»pMis 'JOl

hetero(b>n, Leuciacus 261

Notropis 261

1 1 eterodont idu3 19

... ^i

^i.ttii

2908

Index,

Page.

hoteroglossns, Gadus 25-1 1

Hetirogiiathi ^29

HotoiogniithuH 792

boterolepis, Johnins 1419

Notropis 260

Plagioscion 1419

SciiL'iia 1419

Iloteromi 612

Htiteroprosopoii 26;t7

heteropy gU8, Caraiigops 91H

Caranx 9i:!

Hetcrosoinata 782, 2602

HeterosticUus 2350

rostratiis 2351

lietcrnra, Cliipoa 416

heteruriis, Cypselunis 2836

Exo(Mi'tus 7115

( i loSHDlloll 413

hoxac.antliu», IV-ntrair lius 987

Uiptorodou 1107

hoxaconiia, Cottus 2003

( )iici)cottus 2002

HoxaKrainniiiku 1863, 2862

llexagraiiiminii! 1804

Uuxagrainmos 1806

asper 1872

(lecagraninius 1807

hexafirainniiis 1872

lagocej)lialua 1873

Btelleri 1871

superciliosus 1872

Hexagranimus, (lecagraminua 1875

lagoccpbaliis 1875

nioiiopt<!rygia8 1866

octograiniu tis 1 869

ortlinatiis 1870

otakii 1867

scaber 1873

buxagruiniuiis, Cliirus 1872

Hoxagranimos 1872

Labrax 1872

Ozortbus 2411

Sticbasus 2441

Hoxancbidio 17

llcxiiiubus 18

coriniis 18

grisi'us 19

llcMinomaticbtbys 119,121, 128.2772

assiinili.s 129

ca^i'ulesceiiM 129

dftsyccpbahm 130

ft^lls 128

giiati'iiiali'iisia.. 129

byiiiriiiirbiniiri. . 125

Joiilaiil 129

louglcuplialiis .. 130

Payiv

HuxaueiuaticbtbyB pbrygiatus l:,ii

riigispiuiH \m

seeiuuni ijs

snrinanienaia . . Ij'.i

biaii.s, Atbleiines 71s

Hulono 7n

HiiMniiloii i:;o4

Myctopbnin ,')Tl'

Sayria 7:;.')

Ty lo.suriia 7 1 S

lliatula 1577

gardeniana 1.578

biatiila 157'.i

onitia I,"i7!i

biatnia, lliatula I,j7'.»

Labriis I."i78

Hickory Sbad 416,425

bit'i'oglypbiciiH, Fundnlus (i.'s

Zygoiiectea Tms

Ililgeiidorlia 2139, 2140, 21 M

billianii.s, Exoctvtus 7:!!i

Spiiiax Tm

Hiuiaiitolophiiiio 2728

Himantolopbiis 2";)2

gruMilandicua 27:);i

reinbardti 27;i:i

biinaiitoi>boriic>, Callionyniua 2186

Hiiiiautiira S2

Hind, Urown in.'

Red 1141, ll,.s

Kock ll.Vj

Speckled lir>ii

biuiiuliia, SfiualiKs jii

Hiodon 412,41:!

alosoides ill

clodahis 413

se'.eiiopH 414

tfrgisiis Ii:i

Iliodontidiu 4 1 J

llip<)boiini.>i .spilotiis 10i:i

bijipc, llalistcs 17ii,')

Uippocanii)iiifr Till

ilippo('aiii])iia 77.")

anti(|uonuu 7Ti!

aiitiquiia 77ii

brevirostiis 770

raaciciilaria 778

gracilis 777

guttatii.s 77ii

giiUulatiis 778

licpliigoims 775, 777

liippocainpua 77."i

biid.siiniiia 777

ingciis 77(i

kuda 778

lji!\ icaiidatiia 777

Index.

2999

1'nK.v

\.w
i:m
1 ■.•.■!

71s

TLs

i::04

r.7:>

7^,')

71S

1577

ir.TS

157'.t

ir.7i)

15711

l."i78

. 410,4'J5

(;.',s

(i:.,r

iJ4u. i;iM

'J728
27;)2

i!7:i:i
27:i:i
lil8(i

1 1 \-l

1141, ii:.>

11. vj
1 1 fill

41'J,4!:i
n:!
■113
414
4i:t

4lL'
lOlii

I7(ir>

7til
77.'i
77(1
77i>
77(1

77S

"•?-•
1 1 1

77tl

778

775, 777

777
770

778
777

Page.

IlippocampuH longirostris 778

inarginali.s 778

piinct Hiatus 777

stylifer 778

zosteriD 778

lii])pocanipui4, Ilippociimpii.s 775

SyiigiiathiiH 775

1 1 ippiM'oplialuH 2033

japonicuH 2036

Huperciliosua 'J0;t6

llippogloHMiua 2620

bollinaui 2621

iiiacropH 2621

stuinata 2620

I [ippoglossinro 2605

IIippuglo!;8oi(leH 2614

(leDtatus 2615

ela.s.sodon 2615

oxilis 2013

liainiltoni 2016

.jonlani 2614

liinunda 2615

liiuiiiuloidcs 2615

nielaiiostii-tuB 2618

platcHSoidus 2614

robustu.i 2616

liil>I)oglo88oides, Plat.VHoinatiflitlivs 2611

I'leuroiK^ctes 2611

Reinliardtius 2611

llippoglossus 2611

ainuricanus 2612

brasilieiisLs 2620

calironiicus 2626

gigiw 2012

grd-nlandicu.s 2611

liippojllossii.s 261 1

iuteriuediii.s 2072

niaxiniiis 2012

ocellattiu 2073

l)iiignj.s 2611

ponticiis 2012

vulgaris 2012

liippogloHsuH, HippogloHsus 2011

I'Uuir()iiecte.s 2012

liippops, CanipDStoina 206

liippos, Carangu.s 921

Caranx 'J20, 923

ScombtT 908, 920

liippuroides, Lepiiiipliis 9.')2

liippurn.s, Coryphicna 952

hiniild, It'hthyomyzoii 11

liii'iiiidinaciaiH, Squaliis 33

I I ii undo 2183

Acaiitiiurua 1091

A/.urina 1544

Cottus 2011

I'ngo.

hirnndo, Leiocottns 2011

Hi.s|)afia, Ht'rrana 1488

ln'spani8, Serrana 1489

Hispaniscus 1765,1776,1813

bispanuni, Plectroiioma 1140

liiapanuH, Goni(i])lectrus 1140

hispidua, Balistes 1716

Cottus 2023

. Munacautbiis 1715

Tcfiodon 1733

iiistiubraucbus 351

bathy bins 352

iiilVrnalis 352

Tlistioeottus 2018

bilobus 2018

llistiuplioruH H90

aniorieainia 891

belone 892

bnivirostri.s 892

lier.sclielii 892

pulcliellns 891

lli.strio 2717

bistiio, Aiitciinariu.s 2716,2723

Ktheostoiiia (I'loceutra) 1051

Gobiosoina 22.'>8

Lopliius 2716, 2722

Petroplirvni) 2716

Scorpauia 1843, 1846

Uloceiitra 1050, 1051

Hitch 209

liiiil('U.s, St('lepli(iru8 443

Hog Choker 2700

Molly 181, 1026

Sui'kor 181

Hogtish 1020, 1338, 1579

Spanish 1583

Hog-mouth Fry 444

Holacanthinu' 2860

Holacauthns 1682. 1729, 2859

I'iliaris 1085

clarionensis 1683

coriiutus 11)85

t'omiDsus 1685

iodoiiis 1087

IciouothoH 1735

mclancithus 1728

passir 1682

Htri;ratu8 1683

trii-olor 16S4

liolacantiius, Diodon 1746

Ostracion obloiigus 1740

Holaiitliias niartiniccnsis 1228

holbolli. Ci'ralias 2729

liolhruoki. Acipenscr 105

AlutcruH 1718

KcheuL'is 2270

y. ,",;!

'.li

'.'M

M

plf

f

¥'"

i

3000

Index,

liolbrodki. Kiipoiiiotis

Iiiiinl)iisia

Hotcriiiiilriii

('>l>lii(li<)ti

Opiiidiiiiii

I'oniDliH

hdlbrookii. DiploduH

Li'pomis

Sargus

Molcoiioti

Uolctaiotiia

a<;iissizii

analis

t'lilifriiiosns

flihlionsii

iiie^alops

rliodoterus

trowhritlgii

l\

M

Holia

Iidllardi, Hollardia

Ilollardia

liollardi

liitlocaiitlius, Diodon

Holoccntlinis

llcilocciitrida'

Hului'eiitrnin

loiijjipiniii'

pi'rlatmii

prodiu'tuiii

prospiiiosiiin

rctrosj)iiii.s

rlpariimi

roHtriitiiiu

siccit'enmi

vexillariiim

Holocontrna

asceiisioiiia

rnl'ns.

aiiratiis

brachypteriis

c'oruscua

gibliosus

gi'lo

marianiis

meroii

OSPUlUH

peiitiicaiitlius

piinctatus

rosti'atUH

Han(;ti]iaiilt

sanguineus

Hiccil'er

80gO

strintuH

suborbitalis

Hui'inanieuais

Pngo.

100R

681

081

2487

2488

1()08

i;)«2

1008

i;t03

781,1403

r)02, 1503

loOfl

1501

1505

150!)

1502

1502

1497

478

1608

1697

1608

1746

847

845

847

849

853

852

853

853

852

852

850

852

847

848, 2843

849

1145

852

851

1310

1139

852, 2842

1154

853

849

11,53

849

853

1761

840

840

840

h5ii

1236

I'a;;,

Holoc<>ntrns tigrinun \'l\\

imicolor 1 l!ij

viixillarius h,"^'

Iloloccphali *i:;

biilocyaneos, Srarua lii.",!

llolo'epis barratti llnj

eroclirous llnj

fusiforniis Umj

IioIoIojiIh, Oyttua Ui'''i:

Zuiiion Ifiiii

liolonielas, I'araliparia 21 in

Ildloporpliy I'us 2") i:;

llolurhiuua 89

vespertilio DO

llolostei 9f<, 107

holotracliys, Aracrourus '.'5h'J

llonwjlogryatea 1 1 IH

Honialoponms 2.ij'.i

trowbridgii 2.'i.'!l

Homestlios 2 :ii4

Ilonioatbes caulopua "JoiM

boniianns, Sciualua 51

liomonymus. Diapterus \\'\

Ilomoprion 1 4:i!i

acutii'oatria U:;7

furtlii 1441

lanccolatus 11(4

subtruncatua li:;i

xanthurua 1434, 1 l.'i9

bonneymaui, Acipenser 10(i

lioodi, .Salmo Tiiia

lioodii. Salmo 507, 51(i

Jfoopid .Salmon 4t0

liopkinai, Ilynnia '.1:1:!

Myeteropert-a 28;m

Plagiogramniua 24'.S

Sebastodes 1781'

Ilopladelus 142

olivaris 1 13

Hoplarclins I'l-ii

bo]>liticua, Paricelinus 188ti

boploniyatax, Si)ari8oraa Kiii'j

H()pl(>i)agrinif' 124J

IIopi<)i)agrn8 1244

guntlieri 12U

Hoplostcthns H:i7

Japonicus h:i7

lucditerraneua 837

Hoplunnia 361

dioniedianus 361

achmidtii 3(;i

Horned Dace 222

Pout 135, 140

Horny Cony 171'i

Hornyboad 3'JJ

Ilornvlieads 3i I

Index.

3001

Pago.

horrens, Prionntiis 2172

liorridiis, HrachyHOiiioiihiH 388

Iforso (!r(;viilli'i 920

Mackfliel 870, 909

llorsc-eye Jack 923

lIoiHDiish 934

II(>r8oli«m<l 936

liiiHpus, Mii^^il 814

liiis|iilus, Aripi'iiHtir 105

lioii;;lii, riinrlodiia 135

1 1 1 iiiiid, Smooth 29.

lIomulflHli 715,716

lloynra, Guaviua 2236

iioyi, Arjiyrosonius 469.472

Con-jjonus 468, 470

PiintilodiiH 141

UranidPii 1969

liiilibarili, ParophryH 2041

iiiiilHonia, ('liola 209

(.'hipea.. 209

liii(l.souicus,Salnio 507

lliulspniiis 254,256.266

altiis 322

ainaniH 270

eiiryopa 270

fluviatilis 269

sulIiKi 212

liiulsoiiiiiH, Catostoiniis 176

Hi|)pot'anipim 777

IlybopsiH 269

LeiicisGiiH 269

Notropia 269

aiiiarus 270

saliidaniiii 270

scleue 269

hiimboldti, Atlicriniclitliys 793

Eigcniuaunia 341

Gastoropclecua 572

Leuciscus 236

Myetoplium 571

Scopeliis 572, 577

Squaliiis: 237

Steruopygiis 341

Tigoina 237

liiiiiiboldtiana, Athoriiia 793

liiiinboltiaiiuiii, Chirostunia 793,2839

liuiunralis, Arbaciosa 2311

Cliicro.i iilis 1597

Cbsutodon 1674

Cliipea 431

Gobii'sox 2341

Harengula 431

Jiilis 1596

Leioatomus 1459

Oligoceiibaliis 1097

Paralabrax 1196,1197

3030 111

I'ftgi'.

hiiiiiuraliH, I'latyKloHHiia 1597

Sardiiiella 431

ScariiM 1641

SerraniiH 1197

hiinicri'tnaciihitiis, Sarjiiin 13tiO

biiinile, PriHtipotna 1331

hiiiniliH, Hry ttu8 1004

(Jott 118 1979

Kiipoiiioti.H 1004

(laiiibimia 082

Uraniinatcus 1355

LepoiniH luoi

Pagelliis 1355

PoniadaHis 1331

Tct ragonopterus 335

Humpback Salmon 478

Slicker 184

Whitefish 466

biiiitia, Molva 2551

lliiro 1010

iiigricnns 1012

liui'oiioiisis, LopisoateuB 110

Huso 103

byaliniis, ('eraticbtliys 321

hyaloi)o, Squaliiis 222

Hyboguathus 212, 213

amara 215

amarua 215

argyritiH .-. 214

• ivilis 215

cplsuopa 214

episropiLs 215

evansi 213

iluvipiniiis 215

Utivialltis 215

bp.yi 214

melauops 216

)iigrota>uiata 214

nubihi 215

iiuchaliH 213

osmeriuua 213

perapiciiiis 218

placituH 213

pliimboa 216

proem) 264

piinctifer 215

reglus.. 213

sere'.ia 214

str imiiipus 262

voaicelluH 263

Hybopsia 314,315,319

lestlvilia 310

marconis 316

altuf 321

anibiops 320

bifrenatua 259

\,

^

^.

^

0».^.

iMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

^

1 1.0

I.I

125

8a 128

Z U£ 12.0

IL25 III 1.4

III'-*

gr.

RiDlDgrapbic

Sdeoces
Corporation

33 WIST MAIN STRUT

WIISTM.N.Y. 141M

(716)t73-4S03

'^

pgx

^

^

;?.;

3002

Index.

Page.

Hyl)op8is hivittatus 2'J8

<lial.vba3ii8 288

chllitlcim 287

clilorocephalns 286

chrosoniuB 388

cuiningii ;. 318

cliHsiiiiilis 318

dorsaliH 262

fretonsia 261

goliduH 316,317

gra<'ili» 321

ha^iiiaturus 218

heterodon 261

hiidsonius 260

hyostninuB 316

liypsinotiiB 320

kentuckiensis 322

labroMUH 310

lacertosus 284

longiceps 264

meuki 317

missuriensis 262

nionacuH 318

inontanuB 317

niveuH 278

phaeiina 270

prociie 264

riibricroceus 286

rubrifrons 320

Bcylla 263

8]>ectruiicnlu8 265

Htorerianus 270, 321

BtraininouB 262

tetraneinuB 315

tiinpanogenais 233

tuditauim 253

volurclluB 263

watauga 319

winchelli 321

xtcnocephaluB 289

HyborhynchuB 217

confertuB 217,218

iiigellu8 217

notiituH 218

])niiiceu8 218

ntderiuH 314

BiiperciliosiiB 218

t«n(illu3 218

Ilydrargini 632

atricxuda 624

Hydrargyra diaph.ina 646

formosa 2827

fiisca 624

liini 624

Incite 655

nifjaliB 630

Page.

Hydrargyra iiiiiltiraBciata 64."

nigrofiiBciata 641

oniuta 281;?

miiiilia (K)!'

Hwani])iiia 641, 64'>

trifasciata 6:!'.t

>-emaliB 63!i

zebra 647

Hydrolagus 'jn

colliei !i.'i

Hydropblox 254,257,2^4

chroBomtiB 2Hf<

IntipinniB 'JHT

rubricroceuB i;8ti

liydrophlox, Clinostomns 23H

LenciHciiB 2:!^

SqualiiiB 23.-

bygotnii, Myctophiim 57:;

ScopeluB 57:'.

Hyloniyzon 17::

iiigricnns Hi

Jlymeuocephalus 258(i

cavernoBUS 25nii

gdodei 257'J

iougifili.s 2507

llyiiienoptcra 28(;ii

hyiuonurhinus, HexanciuaticbtbyB ]2'>

Ilyuiiis !»;)L"

cuber >*l8 9:!i!

liopkiimi 83:i

Ilyoi'on ainpbioduii 4i:i

clirysopsiB 41 :i

claiidaliiB 4 1 :i

veriialis 4i::

Hyoganoidea ith

Hyoetoina lo,')'_"

liIeiiiiio])er('a I(i5:i

ncwmani l(iri;i

simoteniiu 1051

hyostoinuB, HybopBis 31(i

Nocoiiiis 31ti

liypacaiitbub, I'scdiiobleimius 24( ti

HypargyruB 'JfiJ

tuditanus 2.''):i

Hy MeneuB H js

Hy peristius itHi'.

carolinensiB i)s.-

Ilyperoartii

Hy perotret i

Ilynerprosopon 15(ii

ajattHixi 15ii'j

aiialis l.'i'il

nrcuatiiin IShl'

arciiatiiH 1502

argenteuni 15U'J

punota-

turn . . 1511'.'

Index.

3003

Pago.

Hyperprosopon argentens 1501,1502

Hypilepis cornr.tus coraHinus 283

Hypenteliiim 173, 174, 181

macroi»teruin 181

Hyperclr)risti'8 589

taniieri 589

llyiihaloiieilruH 541

(Italy beius 542

Hypleiirocliilus 2385

guniinatuH 2385

miiltitilis 2385

imnctatiis 2390

Hypocaranx 927

Ilypodydoiiia ... 1115

bella 1115

llypocriticlitliys 1500

analia 1500,1501

Hypmlis 915, 2848

glaiK UH 2848

bypotliis, Dorapterils 908

HypogyiniK'iobius 2210

HypolKin, .18 J039. 1040

aiirantiacu.s 1040

cymatotiMiia 1041

iiiaiigiiio 1042

Hqnaiuatus .. 1040

IlyponieHus 524

olidus 525, 2824

prt'tio.sus 525

iiypoplitbalniUH, AriuH 133

Cathoropa 133, 2798

by poplecta, Ratbbiineiia 2290

Hypoplectrus 1 187

accciisns 1103

afliiii-s 1193

boviinm 119,'i

clilnniriia 1193

crocotiLs 1192

gpiimia 1 193

giii'iinigiitta 1192

gitttavariiiH 1192

indigo 1193

lanipriiruH 1190

iiiaoiilifcrus 1192

puelU 1192

unicolur 1 190. 1 192

aberraii' 1193

accensiis ... 1193

affliiiH 1193

boviiiim 1193

cbloriirim... 1192

crocotus 1192

giiininigiitta 1192
giittavari II H 1192

indigo 1193

nigricans . . . 1193

Pago.

; Hypopk'ctruM imicolur priniivariiis 1192

j itiiflla 1192

vitiilinii.s... Il!t2

bypoplectus, JSatbyiiia8t<T 2290

Hypoplites 1247

ilypoprion 41

brevii'ostrlH 41

loiigiro.stris 41

signatiiB Il

Hypo]irionnd<in 41

llyporliainpbim 719

roberti 721

j rosa- 721

I ti'iciis]ii(latu8 '^20

! iinifaHciatiis 720

Hyportboilii.s 1148

llavicaiula ll.'iG

i llypoBPi-ranu.s 1148

HypostojiiiTia' IT'"

Hypostoniiis g.'iiicliarott) 159

i liypostoiiius, Aodoii 92

Cepbaloptenis., 92

j llypsagouus 2038

gradien.s 2041

I qiiadricornis 2038,2041

! swaiiil 20X8

liy]»aoloptora, Cliola 280

, liyi)8elopteru8, Leiiciscus 28(t

\ Notropi.s 280

bypsi'liirus, I'iiiii.'loihm 152

Uiiaindia 152

Hypsiconiotes 2293

goboides 2294

Hypsilario 474,477,481

kcniiorlyl 483

Hyp8il('iii.s ardcn.s 301

coccogenis 2S,"i

cornutim 2H3

cyanMis 283

gibbuH 283

dii>lii'inia 300

galat'tiiriLs 279

iris 272

I«mtiickieii8i8 279

HypKinotiis lOtU

riibcHixMis l<ic."i

iiy]iHiiioliis, CiTuticbtbyH 320

Ilyliopsis ?,2»

IlypHobleiiniiiH 2380

brovipiniiis ..«. 2390

gciitilin 2387

gilbert i 238(1

bent/. 2390

benizi 2390

iontbas 2388

striatus 2388, 2392

m.

,:;•»

"il

• I')?

».. J iVj^ t^.

m

HI

3004

Index.

:/

Page.

HypHoiupis 254

I{ypHO]>8ctta 263!)

Jlypsiirus 1508

caryi 1508,1509

1 lypsy pops 1564

(lorsalis 1570

riibkuiidus 1564, 1 ri65

Ilysterocarpiiiiu 1494

HysterocarpuH 1495

traski 1406

liystrix, DiiMloii 1744, 1746

Iceliims 1894

borealis 1896

tavifrons 1892

HlaiiientosiiM 1893

timbriatus 1894

ociilatus 1895

((uadriscriatiis 1897

Ht rabo 1897, 2862

tenuis 1894

Icehis I'tll

aiistralis 1918

bicoriiis 1911

canaliciilatiiB 1917

euryops 1915,1916

fiirciger 1913

baiiiatuH 1913

iuegace]>lialii8 1891

piigeteuaiH 1891

qiuulriHeriatus 1897

sciitigei- 1910

spiniger 1914

mu'.inatuH 1906

vieinali« 1916

lohlbii'Iiirus puuctatus 135

Iclitlielis 999

ery tbrops 990

niegalutis 1003

iiiulanops 996

icbtholoidi'H, Lepoinia 990

Icbtbyapiia 374

selacliops 374

Iclitbycallus 1587

diniitliatiis 1594

luhtliyobiiB 163

bubaluB 164

cyaiiellns 164

Icbtbyoiuyzon 10

» argentotia 11

astori 12

caatanoiis U

Ichthyoinyzoii concolor 11

Iiirudo 11

tridentatus 12

lelcbibys.. 969

PagK.

Icicbthya lockingtonii 969

ioistia, Hairdiella 1435

St-ia^na 1436

IcuBt«ida> 968,2849

Icostciiiiu 969

IcosteuH 972

a-nigmaticus 972

ictal<)])8, Cuttim 1950

PegedictiB 195 1

Ictalurinio lis

letalurus 133

albidus 138

anguilla 2788

furcatus 134, 2788

kevinBkii ^38

laciistriH 137

lopbiiiH 138

lupus 137

inacaskeyi 138

meridiuDalis 135

nigricans 137

nivciventris 138

ukeecbobcensis 139

]>()udi-ro8UB 137

piinctatup 134

robiistUH 135

simpHoni 135

Ictbyopliis 403

vittatus 404

Ictiobiniu 162

IctiobuB 163, 164

bubaluB 164

cyprinella 163

nieridionalis 164

iirus 164

velifer 167

Idiacantbidii; 604

IdiacantbuB 605

antrosloniuB 605

ferox 605

Idol, Moorisli 1687

Iliitis 142

Ilisba 435

blcokoriana 436

flavipinnis 435

furtbi 436

panameusis 436, 281 1

illtH'ebruHiiH, A Iburnops 269

Kotropis 268

Stellifer 1442

llyopliidHj 349

Uyopliis 349

brunneus 350

IlypnuB 2263

gilberti 2253

inibcrbe, Peristediuu 2182

Index.

3005

Page.
069
1435
143G
968, 284»
969
972
971!
19r)0
1951
115
13'.!
138
278«
rJ4,2788
-38
137
138
137
138
135
137
138
139
137
134
135
135
403
404
162
... 163,164

lt»
163
164
164
167
604
605
605
605
1687
142
435
4:i6
435
436
.. 436,2Kll
269
268
1442
349
349
350
2263
2253
2182

l*at;o.

iniberbi, Ophidinm 2443

iinberbis, Apogon 1 107

Mnllus 1107

S«!iajna 1454

Vnlsiciilim 2181

imioeps, 0|)liioH<'ion 1451

SciiL'na 1451

imiiiaculatti, Acnia 41i

Corypliania 953

Fistularia 758

Perca 1135

UHil>r,inchai)ertura . . . 342

iinmaciilatiini, C'ybinni 876

inimac.ulaiiiH, Esox 630

iiiaHqiiiiiuugy . . . 630

Lnriiis iniiHqninnngy. S30

tSalnio 507

Synibrancliiis 342

Iinostoiim 1044, 1046

shumardi 1047

iiuperator, TetrapteruH 892

XipL.as 892

Iinperiiil, Serran 1837

imperialis, Corypba-na 952

Esox 717

Sebastcs 1837, 1838

Trachnnis 927

Zeus 955

iiiipiitiginoHiiH, SerraniiB 1153

iinpri'Hsus. Congt-r 350

iiiif(|nil!ibiHtiiH, CarapiiH .341

iiisi-(|iiilobiiH, LencoHonniH 224

PogoiiicbtliyH 224

iiirili!), Miigil 813

incimir, Pimekpterim 1380

Poinotia 1005

TiK-onnii 473, 474

iiicoiistaim, En<-alia 744

rayiiga 744

pygnitca 744

Gnstei'osteus 744

iiicrasHatUH, Lencosomiis 222

innirvus, Liibotes 1236

inilefatigabiln, Otophicliiim 2490

IniUautnnib 322

Fisli 1680

iiidii^tiH, CbanoH 415

Cottiis 2092

Cubiceps 951

Naucraten . 900

Tetrapterns 892

iiidigcnn, C'lupea 428

indigo, HypoplectruH 1193

uni<-ub)r 1193

rinctropoiua.. 1193

IiH>miia 1365

I'agi'.

Iiiermia vittata 1366

inenii is, A iioi)lagonii8 2094

AHpiiloplioruidcs 2093

D(*nnatolepi8 1107

Elops 410

Epinepbolua 1 lOH

Liopcrca 116H

Lutjauiis 1275

Mesopriou 1275

Ostracion 1723

Rabiriibin 1274

Kaia inornata 73

Scorpa^na 1853

SobasU'S 1829

Sebastodes 1829

Serranus 1168

iiifans, A vocettina 367

Gambusia 680

Nemich tbys 368

iiifernalis, Higtiobranchii.s 352

Muriuna 396

SynapbobrancliTis 352

infliiiins, Novaculicl'.thys 1616

Xyricbthys 1616

ingtMiH, (luiiellus 2419

Ilippocampuij 770

IiniHtius 1019

iniiDdicorpiis 1620

Iniomi 530

Iiiiioininado 382

innoniiuatiiH, GirardinicbthyH 6(i6

iiiops, Anteniiarius 2718

Iiio.-setta 2641

iHcbyra 2641

inornata. Lota 2551

Kaia 73

Kiya 73

inoniatiia, Apmlicbtbys 2412

f.'lioi'inemus 899

Cryptacantliodos 244J

MicrolepidoluM 1341

Oligoplitos 899

<»rtho|iii»ti8 1342

rHeiidoJiilia 1604

in«('ripta, Solca 2696

inHcriptiini, Ktbtiostonia 1072

Nanontonia 1072

in8cri]itim, Ac.liirun 2696

Notbonotiis 1072

I'ouiotis 1003

insculpata, Netuma 127, 2765

inHciilptna, Arins 127

inxciilptiiH, (JasterostonH 750

Lnciocliarax 339

insigne, ''iniolodiis 147

inMigiiis, CatoMtomuH 180

* V -ft

*wf»W¥f^!!'55wF''«?!'?^

3006

Index.

Page.

insignis, Noturiis 147

Scbilbeodcs 147

iiiBociabiliH, Dorosoma 410

iii.solatus, Chroinis IMS

Ileliuses 1548

iusulaj-saiictiu-criicis, Scariis 1651

iusulariiin, Atlieriiia 807

Atlieriuops 807

Muraana 400

Ketiima 2770

iiitegi'ipiuuis, Au<;lieuoi)terus 2372

Creiiiiiobates 2373

intermedia, Tigoina 235

iiitenncdiiiin, Cicblaaonia 1517

intermedins, Gastorosteus 750

Heros 1517

Hippoglossus 2672

Leuciscim 235

I'aralepis 600

Ponioxys, 987

Sauriis 535

Squalius 235

Sudis 600

Syiiodus 535, 536

interuasalis, CliiiToJulia 1594

.Julia 1594

Platyglossus 1594

iutcrrupta, Mo.-ouo 1134

Perca mitchilli 1 133

Raja 2751

internipt.us, Anibloplitos 991

Anidotrenius 1319

siiriiiam-

ensis... 1319

Arclioplites 991

Centrarcbns 991

Genytmnua 1319

Luxilus 282

iutorstitialis, Epinepheliis 1179

Mycteroporca 1178

Serranus 1179

Tiisotropis 1179

intertiuctua, MyHtriophis 386

Opbiehtbys 387

Ophisura 387

introniger, SebastichtbyH 1805

Sebastodes 1805

iutronigrn, DiiToleiie 2522

inurus, Zygoucctes 682

loa 1064

vigil 1065

vitrca 1"34

io«', Etlieostoma 1084

itMlovua, Aiigelicbthys 1686

Holacauthua 1687

Page.

logloaaua 219'J

calliurua 2193

iontkas, Cerdale 244it

Hypsoblenniua 2388

Iseathes 2389

ioa, Clevelandia '11\A

Gobioaoraa 22,')."i

lotiebtbys 228,231,241!

iowii', Etlieostoma 10811

Iimopidii! u4ii

Ipnops r)4tl

murrayi 547

irideua, Labrus 988

Salmo 500

agua-bonita 503

gilberti uO'j

niasoni fiO I

ahaata 501'

atonei 50::

iridinua, Carangoides 91!)

Caraux 91!t

Iridio l-')87

bivattatua IS'.i.'i

caudalia 15!i!t

cyano<'ei)lialaa l.'i'.M

dispiluH I T)!!;

garnoti ir>t):!

kirscliii 15!I8

maciilipinna 15!) !

uicbolai 1 5!) 1

jiictus inoii

poey i 1 T)!)!)

radiatuis 1 ri90

aellif'er 15<t'.!

seniicinctua 15i)"J

iria, Cliola 2"-.'

lly psilepais 27J

Leuciacus 2:i2

Iriah Lord H>:!4

Pompano 1370

irradiana, Serrauua 1 208

irregiilariM, Heroa ir)4l

Tberapa 154(1

irretitua, Gordiicbtliya ItCli

Mugil 8111

irroratUH, Monacantlma 17i:i

laabelita 1684

iaabelita, Angelicbtliys . . . .- l(>8r>

Isabelito de la Alto 1674

laadella 1340

brevi]iinii8 1341

iachanna, Notemigouiia -51

St(dophoraa 44L'

iacliiuagi, Megaperca 1138

iaobyra, Inopsetta 2C41

Index.

3007

Page.

219'^
2193
2440

2388
2;t8!)

22r.4

22').".
:8,231,24:i

i08;i
r)4ii

547

988

500

503

50'J

501

50'J

50:i

919

919

1587

IS'.ir,

1599

1594

1597

150:i

1598

159!

1591

1599

1 5W1I

1590

1592

1592

19:;4
137«
1208
1541
1540
303
819

]7i:i

1684
1(18")
1C74
13411
1341
251
442
1138
2041

Page.

isohyrus, Apoinotis 097

LepiopomuB 997

Lei)t .18 997

Parophrys 2641

Pleuronectes 2fi41

I sL'sthus 2380

geiitilis 2388

glll)erti 2387

hentzi 2390

iontlias 2389

puiK'tatiiH 2390

scrutator 2389

strmtiw 2388

islandiciis, Centronotns 2438

(lasterosteus 748

Giuinellua 2439

StidiiiMis 24.39

i.soilon, AprioiKMlon 42

Carcliaria.s 42

Me.H<)|)rion 1207

isiuliiH, S(iualu.s 51

lH(>goin)>Iio(loii 33, .35, 40

liiubatiis 40

iiiaculi]>ii!ui8 40

isolepis, I.sopset ta 2642

Lepi(lop.setta 2642

Parophrys 2642

Sternotremia 787

isoiiisthu.s 1399

artiiiis 1399

IiarvipiiiniH 1399

reniif.u- 1399

Faop.sotta 2642

isolepis 2642

Isospondyli 407

iHOspondyloiis Kisliea 407

istl)iiiuu.si8, Kivulus 2830

Fstioplioriila' 890

Istiophoriis 890

uigricuna 891

r«urop«i8 47, 48

(lekayi 48

glauciis 48

Ihudis 47, 48

«l«(kayi 48

((xyrliiiichus 48, 49

Hpallan/.ani 49

I taiara 1 142, 1162

itaiara, Proiiiierops 1164

Surrauns 1 1 64

Jubou 1232

Jaboncillo 1232

Jack 627, 920, 1 780

Amber 903

I

Page.

Jack Gogglee3-e 911

Horse-oye 923

y. low 919

Jack Salmon 1021

Jacket, Leather 1701

Jackets, Leather 898

.jack.soni, Ditrenia 1.505

Eiiibiotoca 1.504, 1505

Jacob Kvertzens 1 143

,jauoba;a, Kclieiieis 2272

lieiuora 2272

.jacobi, ( "orviiiu.s (Johiiiiis) 1457

Sciicna 1457

jacobus, Myripristis 846

Jaeonio 1215

Jaconie, Ualiperca 12)5

Serraiins 1215

Jacnlidens, Aiuylodon 1416

.iaculu.s, .Vlbiiriiellii.s 293

Jagiia<-aguare 1562

jagiianu, Harengula 430

Jaguar, liodiauus 849

Jallao 1295

JainaicciiHi.s, Oyiioseion 1406

Otolitlius 1406

Raja 81

Urolo]>hu8 81

Janeiro, Kngraulis 451

Janis.sary 1580

Januaria, Unibrina 1474

jaok, CoUu8 1978

Myoxoceplialua 1977

Japoneiisis, Salnio 479

Japonica, Squatina 59

Japoiiicus, Agonus 2036

Arctoscopus 2297

Chirolophua 2409

Cottus 2036

Hippoceplialu8 2036

Hoplostet hu8 837

Pereis 2034

Phalaiigistes 2036

Physlculus 2549

Trichoilou 2297

Jacpieta 1561

Jaquelte, Petitio 1,5,59

jarrovii, Lepidoineda 328

Minoniiis 170

Pantostens 171

Javanie.us, P.sene8 951

Ja\v-ti8hes 2279

Jejuna, Episenia 290

Jejunus, Minnilu8 290

Notropls 290

Jeniezanus, Alburnellus 204

■1»

WWf

3008

Index.

I I

f; *

jfinezanus, Minniliis.

Jeniguana

Jenigiiiino

jenigiiuuo, Hmniulon

Page.

204

1302

1310

1310

jinkinsi, ChaBmodes 2391,2302

Fuiuhilns 651

SyuoduH 537, 2826

Zygonectes

Jeukiiitiia

aciiininata

lainproticiiia

stolifura

.loniiy, Silver

Jerker

,) erusalem Haddock

Jesaiiu, Ethcimtoma

Putcilichthya

Xeuocj's

Xyrichthys

652

418

410

410

410

1370

322

054

1034

1085

1285

1613

Xyrula 1612, 1613

Jewfish, lilack

California . .

Jewflslios

.Tewsliarp Driiniiuer.

Jigiiagiiu

.Tocu

joou, Anthias

Lutjaniis

Me^oprion

NeoiniPiius

John A. Grindle

DorieH

Mariggle

Paw

Joliui, Cepiialoptera .

Johniiis

aiiiazonicus.
batabauiis . .

crouvina

giittatus —
heterolepis .

ja<obi

iiobilis

ocellatiiH . . .

regalia

aasatilia

Johnny.

Darter

Verde

Jolt-hrad Porgy

.joncHi, ISelone

(ierirs

Mollienisia .

Siphoatoina .

SyngnatliiiH.
Jopaton

1161
1137
1137
1473

920
1257
1258
1258
1258
1257

113
1650

410
1159
03
1455
1419
1431
1419
1174
1419
1457
1413
1454
1407 j
1475 I
2013
1056
1195
1352

717
1368

699

768

768
1341

Page.

Jonlaiiella 677

tloridie 677

jori'.ani, Jiathyiiiaater 228!t

Caiilophry no 273ri

Chirostiiina 79;!

Eopaetta 261::

Epinuplieliia 1 177

Kalopsaniin 2H4(i

Etlieoatonm 1 079, 1 OHU

Ualtdchtliya 2774

Ueiuilepidotim 19;i4

Uexaneniatichtliya 12!)

HippogloKsuidea 2614

MycteroiMjrra 1 17fi

Neoiuiiiuia 1251

Notropis 25>J

Pantoateiia 171

Kaia 7:t

Itonqiiiliia 2280

Sebastodea 177.S

TatOiisiirua 129

•fordauia 1884

zonope 1S84

JordaDiimu 188(i

.rnrobado 934, 031,

,josi'j)hi, Ophidion 248H

Joturo 8:;i

JoturiiH 82(1

pichardi 821

atipes 821

Joyuijri, Sebaatodea 1829

jnba, Ouatucupa lirjii

Porca 132:!

Jug fish 172H

jiigalia, Cliola 2i2

Mokiiana 272

Jugular Fishes 252^i

JuliiU, Etheostonia 100;t

Julidiiue 1572, 1 574

Julidlo 1602

aduatiia 1602

notoapilua 16o:i

Julia 28iVJ

bif'aaciata l«lo

bifaaciatua 1610

c.uudttlia 1500

cinct ua 150:1

urotaphna 1591, ]5it8

cyanostignia l.V.il

deteraor 1610

dimidiutua 1504

ganioti 15o:[

gillianua 1610

huineralia 1596

i iitcriiaaaliH l.'iOl

luraaauua 1607, 1608

mmm

Index.

3009

Page.

Jiilis nmciilipinna 1595

innlanoohir ) 009

yikKhMtuH 1601

uitida 1008

nitiaisHlina 1608

opalina 1591

patatus 1591

piotiis 1000

.• principis 1591

* psittaciiluM 1597

Heiniciuctus 1593

Jumping Mullet 197

Jump-rocks 197

June Sucsker of Utah Lake 18U

Jurel 899,921,923

Jarvucapeba 1142

Kalog 1970

Kamchatka Salmon Trout 2818

kamloopg, Salroo gairdueri 499

KanilGops Trout 4it9

kanawha, Notropis 204

kanHiT!, FunduluH 2828

karrak, Anarrtiichas 2446

Katbetoatoma 2311

albigutta 2312

averruncuH 2311

Kathetoatoniatiuii' 2300

kaupi, I'll yHiculuH 2548

kaupii, Syniipliobrauclius 351

KelpHsh ". 1592, 2351, 2352

Spotted 2353

kondalli, Spliagebrancliiis 375

Vornia 375

kennedyi, Tracliiootus 'J42

kennerly i, Hypsifario 483

Moxostonia 1>*0

Oncorliynchus nerka 483

Salmo 483

kennicotti, Acipenser 105

Catonotus 1098

Coregonuti 464

Ivenoza 025,020

kentuck ieusis, HybojiBis 322

HypsilispiH 279

LenciscuB 279

Luxilus 279,322

Kern River Troul 502

Ke»b imugo 1 833

kes»lori, Arias 127

Netuma 127,2765

TacbiHuriiB 127

keta, Oucorhyncbus 478

keta vol kayko, Sabiio 479

kevinskii, Iclalurim 138

Kieye of Lake Micliigau 469

Page.

Killer, Salmon 749

Killiflsh 639,641

(Jommou 640

killiHsb, Cobitis 641

Killifishes 630,632

killiuenais, Salmo

King of the Mackerula .

MulletH

Salmon

509

1755

1100

479

Kinglisli 87.5, 1400, 1409, 1475

kirscliii, Iridio 1598

kirtlandi, Acipenser 106

Kirtlaudia 794

laciniata 795,2840

martinica 795

vagrans 794,2840

laciniata 2840

Kisntcb 480

kisutcb, Oncorhynchus 480

Salmo 481

kitt, MicroHtonius 2054

I'leiiront'ctes 2654

klamatlieiisiH, Cottua 1955

klcinii, Halistes 1720

kliuizingori, Acbirus 2097

Solea 2097

kueri, I'rislopoma 1338

Kodiak Smeit

koilreutcri, Scomber .

Kogunu^so

Kowala

Knisnaya llyba

krauHHi, ( iobius

Krolmius

kroyeri, Scopebis

I kuda, HippocainpuH . .
Kublia

arge

xciiura

Knbliidiu

kuinlieni, Uranidea ..

kuudscha, Salmo

Salvelinus

Kuro Sol

Kyach

Ky])hosidin

Ky])bo8ina)

Kyphosus .

2823

900

1833

428,2811

481

2228

2587

550

778

1013

1014

1015

1013

1967

2823

2822

1834

426

1380

1381

1384

analogua 1385

elegaas 1387

inclHor 1380

lutescena 1388

ocyuruB 1390

scctatrix 1387

;.'>

Isabel) ulegaiis.

186

'**p^i*^9!W^

3010

Index,

f

\ :

I'nge.

Labeo eaopns 186

loiigutus 186

labialis, FiidiIuIus 044

labiatns, Catostoiniis 177

Ueros 1530

LiibuhthyH ites

cnriuatus 368

olongatun 369, 280'J

Uilli 368

Labidesthes 805

sicculuH 805

LubracopHiH 1135

labradoriciis, Aciiutbocottus 2001

Con-youiis 466

Cottus . 2004

Oncocottus 2004

Labrax 1866,2840

albiduB 1132

amui'icuiiua 1 185

clathratua 1108

do(;ngraiiiin us 1 868

hoxagrauinius 1872

lagocepbaliis 1875

liucittns Ill''

nioiioytcrygius I860

iiiticronntiia 11''5

iimltilincatiis 1132

iiebiilifer 1105

nigricnus 1135

iiotatiis 1132

octograuiiiiiis 1870

oaciiliitii 1132

imlliduH 1135

pluvialis 2841

rnfus 1135

stelleri 1872

suporciliosus 1873

LabridiB 1571

labridiiiii, Ha^imilou 1319

labrifonuis, Eplm'pbeliis 1155

Serraiiua 1155

Labriiia} 1572-1573

Labriaomua 2300

biguttatus 2360

Ixicciferiia 2363

capillattia 2362

dolalaiidi 2350

beriiiiiilger 2361

luicrolepidotna 2363

iiuchipiniiis 2362

xanti 2362

Labroid Fishes 1571

Labroperca 1148

T.abrosoiuus 2360

crcninobates 2366

macrocephalus 2364

rnR...

Labroaoiniis microlopidotua i.>:ifi i

lioctiiiit'cr %%•:.

xaiiti 236.!

labrOHus, liloiiiiiuH i>437

Ctiratichth ya 3 1 !i

Ilybopsia :ii!i

ZourcuH '.Mn;

LabriiH adapxrHUo 157;

ainericanua ir)7'.i

ap«r l5^c

aiiritus ](ioi

bitiiaciatua it;iii,t

bivittatiis lODii

blackliali ir)7H

brasilieiisis IHid

capitu obtuso 1 ooi)

<'ar(>liiiii8 ]r)7s

chognut 1377

ftilva Iot;

chroniia \\)^:\

cniiniH \\K\

(TiK'ntutus il>:;h

cyaiiocephaliis 15',i(

exolotua i:,7t;

I'tilcatiia 042

i'lilvoiuaculatua iii.'jit

I'ulvua IMJ

griacuB ii.',-,7

gruiinieiia 14,^:!

gua/.a li,-.4

Iiiat Ilia I r)78

iriduna !ws

iiia(T<)]>terua 08,s

iiuixiiiiiia 15WI

oiiitis ir>7.S

urnatus itii ii

jmllidiis liiu.')

peutacauthua ir)7(i

plimiierl i;i05

pHiUaciiliiM 15911

piilcher I.")8y

radians 1 (i;i: ;

radiatus l.Vji

roatro reliexo l(;77

rufiis 1 fis::

balinoidoM Kiii'

amiiirubtT ifiji::

sparoides 9s7

Hciiietcagiie 1407, Mii!)

Htriatiis I'JOo

subt'iisciis I."i78

tautoga I57'.i

alia luTSi

fiiHca ir)7!l

riibens 1570

tesaellatiia 1 'i7h

Index.

3011

LabriiH tor(]uatiiH lOUO

verHl(:olor 1340

Luc <le Marbre Trout 515

lacorn, Lagorliila 199

QuaHHilabift 191>

liK^erta, LaiiipanyctiiH 560

Myct(>)>hiini 560

Syiiodiis 5;t7

ltu;ertiiMi8, SyiioiliiH 5;iO

l.;i<;«Tto M7,867

lacertusuB, Ily Itoimis -84

Mluniliis 284

Notioi»i» 284

lawirtus, Gol)iu<t 2218

Scomber 807

LachnobDniiiH 1579

inaxiiiuis 1580

liacbiiolaiiiniH 1570

aigiila 1580

(wininiis 1580

dux 1580

l'alcatu8 1580

iiiaxinum 1570

psittaciis 1580

suillus 1580

lauhrymalis, Ptychostomna 1 94

laciniata. Kirtiaudia 795, 2840

vajfrans 2840

Monidia vagraim 795

lacrimosuni, Sparisoina 16;t2

lacriiiitmiiH, ScariiH 1632

lactarias, CatOHtopius 175

Lactophrys 1721, 1722, 172;t

bioaudalis 1723

oviceps 1724

tricomis 1 724

trigoiiiis 1723, 1724

triquoter 1722

lacustris, Amelurus 137

Gadu8 137,2551

llemiplus 250

lotaliirits 137

Poinolobiis psniidoliareii-

gU8 426

LiMly-ftsb 411,1583

Spanish 1583

Lady-liabes 410,1581

L."oinargiia 66

biirt'aliH 57

Liuiiioueiiia 2556

barbatula 2557

barbatuluiii 2556

inelanuriim 2557

laitabilis, Moiiiana 272

liutuH, Ceutrouotus 2420

lio vicaudatus, UippooampuB 777

I'anf.

liBvigata, rterophryno 2717

lii'vigatUH, Agonus 2018

Cliironccti'H 2717

LugoccpluiliiH 1728

IMialaiigistcs 2048

Salnio 508

Tctrodon 1728

LiminOa lit)

Imvis, AcipoiiHer 106

llaliMtcs 1710

OasloroHtoim 745

Orliis varicgatHH 1736

noiironectos 2654

Ifaja 71

Uhoinbns curiiubifiism 26,")4

Squat iiiti 5»

La Fayetio 067, 1458

I'iigiiito 533, 538

lagt'iiarius, Aolpenacr 102

Lagocephalu8 1727

liini;;atiiH 1728

parliyccpbaliis 1720

bigoccpbalua, Grani!nat()])I<'uriiH ... 1«75

Hoxiigraiuiiioa 1873

lloxagraiiiinus ]H7,"»

Labrax 1875

Oiu'orhyiK'bu.s 470

Saliiio 470

Lagocbila 198

lacera 199

Lagodoii i;i57

rboinboidos lltHK

Lakj! Carp i(i7

CresctMit Speckleil Trout 2821

Hturiiig 468

Lawyer 2550

Sbcepsbcad 1484

,St iirf^oon 1 00

Taboe Trout 493, 2870

lalaiidi, C'arcbarias 43

Soriola 002, 003

lainarii, Acipeiiser 106

laiuellit'er, Kxocd-tus 733

Lamia 38, 49, 50

lamia, Carduirbiiius 38

L'archarias 38

Kulaiiiia 38

lamioUa, CurclLirbiuus 37

LaiiiiopaiH 33

Lnmiia 49

caudata 37

(ormibica 49, 2749

punctata 48

BpallaiiKani 49

Lanmidat 47

Lamiiina^ 47

lamottcui, Potrouy zun 10

»w^)-^'»i;ti,l^i.SPl,y^i^p^;i^<)jj}fWiyii^l)jl|l|,*^,)j^^^

3012

Index.

; i

I* i

I'ago.

Laiiipadonn 560

H|>eciili|[;)!rii 501

LaiiipanyctiiH 557

a'.atim 559

vnrcixliliiH 558

{ftMniniler 559

gunllit^ri 559

lacertii 560

reHpl<)n<l<!ii8 555

towi:seiHll 558

Lanipcriiia 0

Lain]>etra I'i

iistori 12

aiiruu I't

cntnt8<'1iatica 1''

ciliaria I'l

epihexiidoii 12

pliiiiibea I'l

Hpa(li(!Pa in

tridoiitata 12

viirie^jata 2745

wilderi i:t,2745

lainpt'triBl'orinis, lileniiian 2438

Liiinpeiiim 24U8

Lamjirey Eel 10

Lamprey, On^it Sea 10

Silvery 11

Small lUack 13

Lampreys 4, 8, 9

ISrook 12

Kiver 10

Lam])ridic 053

Lampris 954

gitttatns 955

laiita 955

liina 954

rogius 955

lamprotiiiiiia, Clujx'a 419

Jeiikinsia 419

Spatelloides 419

lampriiru8, Hypoplectrus 1190

Serraiius 1 190

Lampiigiis 952

iiitapolitaii 118 953

piiix'tiilat us 953

Hiculiis 953

lanatus. Merliiciu8 2530

Lancelet, ISaliama 4

Calitbniia 4

West Indian 3

Laneelets 2, 3

Ktinipenn 3

lan<^eolata, Perea 1482

Scia-na 1444

laneeolatuni, Vraneliiostoma 3

lanceolatus, Amphioxiis 3

Taj,'. .

laneeolatiiH, Cliattodon I4:iii

Exiles 1489, I4:"i

(lOhius 2229,22

Ifomoprion \\.\\

Limax :;

rioncliiuriis u-.'

Loncliurim 1 (>;;

Stellil'er in ;

Lancct-flHli l(i!. I

Lan(<'t Fislies 593, 594, Wy.,

Landloc'kiul Salmon 4h7

Lanr Snai>])er iJTu

Langbarn 'Jilci

Lant k:;:;

Lapti'rn Kislies ,530, .'i.^ii

Lupon I silt

lappa, Ilalieutella 27 IJ

I.a (^)ne8clie 4 Hi

Largi'iiioiitlifd Black JJass liirj

Large-scaled S'lcker I'lj

Larimu:! 1420, MJI

acclivis 14:;.;

argeiitens 14'.'l

batabantis 1 t:;l

hroviceps 1 U'l

dentex MjR

ed'iilgens 1 IJI

tasciatiis UJI

imeilit'iis MJI

stalili Iij:;

larkinsii, Cymatog.asler l.'iii:;

lata, ( tiiaperva forcipata 17n.'

Latebrus 1114

oculatns lll,'i

lateplctna, Serranus 1 1 7.'i

latcralo, Ditreaia Ifidii

Etlieostoma lii'.i'.t

lateralis, Abramis 'IWi

Al varius lUiW

Artediiis 1!H('2

Calytilepidotiis I'.iiw

(.'aracddoii 28:!J

(Jhr.raeodon fltis

Eleotris 21!(,")

KmliiotiM-a l.'iiKi

Leiicisciis balteatiiH 'J:!!i

Myloclieilns l!'-'i>

Not roi>is '.'i;:;

Phanerodou lliK!

Pliilypniis 2l<r,

Pimelodns i:i."i

Pieciliclitliys ^ M •'•

liifliardsuniiis '2:i'J

Scams lfi:;7

Scorpu'niclitliys 19(12

Ta-iiiotoca 1.50.5, \W:

Index.

3013

14i:;

KM

it:i, r.ii4, .V.'-,

•^^7

'^4;t:i

k:;;;

.. 5:10, .'i.'.ii

•I'Vi

■tK!

1(112

I'.i-J

. 1420, M J I

UJJ

IfJl

ii;;i

ifji

iiJi
\\z\
irm;;
irn-.'
nil
111,'.

llT.'i
I'mCi
lll'.l'.l

•Jl!!!
1()!)9
l!m2
I'.HKI
28;i2

Citin
•Jl'.C)

•jii;;
i:)0(i
2 lit:.

1:;'.

2:'.',i
lfi;;7
19112

ir.or>. ir.o'i

Til go.

650

:M8

1512

ir.l2

1981)

Aetobiitiis 88,27r);J

l!it«)rali8, ZygouectoH

laticaiula, Aiigiiillu

Uliaindia

littii-audiirt, I'iiiielotlim . .
hiticopH, AiiaiitliouottuM.

Ari'.iH

Atlu-riiia

llatli.viiccteH

Megaloe<»ltu8 —

Mixonim

I;il ielavius, Prionurus

XcsnrnH

latideuH, MicroxtoiniiH —
l;itifuHciatits, Cypriiiudon
latii'rons, Aiiarliicltas

1:12
790
2523
1988
2523
1006
lOii;)
26r)4
676
'.'446

Citharichthys 2074

Durinilator

£leotri.s ,

Syai-iniii

Xeuucliiriis

liatiliiiii;

1 .iitiliis dirysops

lirinci!p.s

hitiiiiaculatim, Opliisnrus
Intiiiiaiiit, Bclono

I.it ior, Core;; <*'""'

hilipiniia, Mullieiiisia

2197

2198

2073

2082

2275

2278

2277

376

717

406

700

Iati|iintii8, CatoHtoiiius 174,2700

/aiiiolepis

hitii'dHtris, Aciponser

I^ep idosteuH

Iiitiiliis, Cliii)ea

latus, Caranx

Pluctoiiogobius

Scomber

1876

,.. lot)

, HI

422

922

2237

038

!,iuuues. Sand 831, 832, 833

471

533

537

163V

955

404

208

231

231

liiiirettii', Argj rosonms

Laiirida

iiiediterraiiea

laiirito, Sparisoiiia

Iiiiita, Lainpris

lavaretns, Saliiio

Lavinia

contbriiiis

crassicauda

i^xilicaiida 208, 2799

hareiigus 209

Lawyer 113,1255

Lawyer, Lake 2550

lfa<hi, Clupca 422

leacliiaiius, Tliynniis 869

Least Darter 1104

Leather Flsli 1714,1715

Leather Jacket 1701

Jackets 898

Page.

Leather-Hided Minnow 236

I.e llaliateUride 1704

I.ohias ellipHoidea 672

o\ inu,s 672

rhonihoidalis 072

LohiHten 689, 2833

jxeciliodes 689

Lebius 1866

Leltrancho 810

lebranchus, Miigil 811

lecontei, AeipohHer 105

LoUiodon 1746

Orbe 1749

Taeliot6 1746

leei, Syniphiirns 2708

leCroyj, Diaiiteriis 1172

Eiu'inustoniiis 1372

Ulu'iua 1371

Lct'royiii 2495

1>(M'n)uden.siH 2497

Le (iaslrobranehe Donibey 0

leiareliu.s, Cestreiis 1415

Cynoscion 1414

Otolithus 1415

JveiobatiiH 01,79

sloani 81

LeioeottHS 2010

hlnindo 2011

Leiodon 56

echinatiim 57

LeidglosHiis 916

leionothos, lIoIac'anthiiH 1735

Ieii>i>oniu.s, CottiiH 1962

Leiostoraus 1558

liiiineraliH 1459

liiieatiiH 1400

obliquiiH 1459

xanthiiruB 14.58

LeiuruH 746

leiu""a, ( Jasterosteus 747

Le Kai Salmon 478

LemhiiH 2194

leiiiinuni, Sqiiali us , 2?5

lemniseatus, Engrauli.s 443

( Ismtirus 533

Pimelodiia 147

Lemnisoma 883

t]iyr.sltoide.s 884

Lenguado de llio 2098

lenibU8, OHtracion triangiilatiis 1724

lentiginosa, Amia 113

Muru'ua 402

lentiginosiiin, Cichlasoraa 1524

lentiginosuH, GaU-it-htliys 122, 2771

Hero8 1524

Khinobatus 62, 2750

U.

"M

■:5i!S^il«M'»J)lUlJ«p*wSS^4»

I r

3014

Index.

m: )

rj

Page.

lentiginoaus, TachysnruB 122

ieoneusis, < )ligocepl>alu8 1089

leuiiiua, (;iiola 271

Moiiiana 272

Leo])ar(l Shark 31

leciiardiiius, Anteniiarins 2721

Platoplirys 26«6

Khoiuhoidiclithy 8 2666

looparduB, Aifarrliiclias 2446

Lepadogaster corimbieiisis. . . 2108

nudiis 2331

roticitlatus 2328

testar 2332

liepibcma 1131

liiieatam 1133

initchilli 1133

lepida, Boleosoma 11)89

Cliola 2?3

Cyprinella 273

Lepidamia 1106

Lopidion 2543

verecundum 2543

Lnpidoohaetodon 1672

Lepidocybiiim 873

Lepidogaster iiucandr icua 2328

lepidogenys, Etheoetonia 1087

Lepidogobius 2249

emblcmaticiis 2247

gilborti 2254

gracilis 2219

giilosus 2244

lepidiis 2249

newberryi 2248

thalassinna 2C45

Lepidolepns 2568

norvegicus 2579

Lepidonieda 328

.jarrovii 328

vlttata 328

Lepidomegas 901

L^^pidopidro 884

Lepidopinns 885

Lepidopsetta 2042

bilincata 2643

Isolepis 2642

umbrosa 2642

LepidopaH 886

argyreuH 887

caudatus 887, 2844

goiiani 887

peionii 887

xantnsJ 2843, 2844

Lepidoaoina 2508

Lepidosteus 109

berbindieri Ill

orassus 110

Pag(>.

Lepidostena grayi ii i

latiroHtria m

leptorhyncliiia l in

manjiiari in

oculatus Ill

otariu8 lin

viridis Hi

lepiduliia, Alburnna 2"JI

lepiduni, fioloosoiua Iuh:/

Etheoatoma losii

lepidus, 6obiu8 . . 224li

Le]>idogobiii8 22-t!i

IVjciliclitbys ](l^:l

Lt pitaphis 951!

hippuroides 952

Lepiopomus ',) "j

iscliyrua Uii;

Lepisonia 2liiio

cirrhoauni 2302

Lepiiioateida) 108

Lopisoateua lug

albiis lit)

biaon lio

ferox Ill

gavailia V o

gracilis Uii

luironeiisia llo

linoatus 110

loiigiroatriH IKi

oaacus 10!)

oxyiirus no

platostoinua 1 1 u

platyrhincus Ill

platyHtoiims 110

semiradiatiis Ilii

apatula 11<

triatiechiiB Ill

tropicus Ill

Lppodus 958

saragus 960

Lepoininn) 985

Lcpomia 999,lillii

albnlua 1007

aniiagalliima 1004

apiattiB 0!)8

appendix lOO.'i

ardeaia lua 1 onfi

aarituB 1001, lOO!)

aolis lonl

bombifrona loo;)

chary bdis O'.l.'

cyanelliia OOii

euryoriia IOii!i

flexuolaris 1011

garmani 1002

gillii 992

..:V-..l' X--.^,.

Index.

3015

Page.

Lepoitiis haplognatbns 1004

heroa 1008

holbrookii 1008

huniil<8 1004

ichtlieloides 090

i»chyru8 997

linm 1007

loiigi8])inis 1006

roacrochinis 1005

nmrginatus 1003

niegtilotis 1002

miniatiis 1002

mystacalis 1001

notata 1011

notatns 1008

ophthalmicus 1001

pallida 1012

pallidas 1005

peltastea 1003

pheuax 997

piinctatiis 998

piirpiireHcens 1006

snlniunea 101 1

By ininetriciiM 999

trifasciata 1011

Lcpomotia uepheliis 1005

Lepouhidiiiiu 2482

brevibarbe 2485

cervinnm 2484,2485

eiunielan 24b3

niarinoratuiii 2482

inicrolepis 2480

pardalc 2486

profuiidorum ?4fe4

stigiiiatistium 2483

U>ptacantl)U8, NotuniH 146

Sihilbeodes 146

LontagDiuia 2052

decagonu,; 2052

Hpinoaisaimua 2054

Leptarliia 119

dowi 12:;

I^eptaapia 010

Leptcchenois 2268

uaiicratcoidea 2270

iiaiicrat«8 2269

Loiitobleniiius 2435

nubilua 2438

serpontiiiiiM 243U

Loptocardii 2

I.«)]>t(>cepbalichthy8 353

Li!pt4)cepbalidin 352

Leptocophalus 353

candiuiHsiiiiuri 354

caudicula 355

oaudilimbatuB 355

Page.

Lentocephalus conger ...., 354

gracilis 354

morrissi 354

spallauzaDii 354

leptocepbalus, Gcaticlithya 323

Merlangus 2535

LeptoclinuB 2432

macnlatus 2433

Leptoconger 362

prolongtis 363

Leptocottus 2JU

arraatus 2012

Leptodes 584

Leptognnnellaa 2435

Leptopbidium ... 2482

niariuoratuiu 2483

niicrolepis 2486

prorates 2485

Laptops 142

olivaris 143,2700

Leptorhinopbis 381

leptorhynclium, Siphostoma 764

Leptorhyncbua 369

leiicbteuborgii 369

leptorby nob us, liepidostoua 110

Odontopyxis 20/6

Sarritor 2075

Syngnatbus 765

leptoaomua, Abraiiiia 250

Lnxilus 250

Kotemigouus 250

Lepturus 889

lepturua 889

lepturus, Carans 923

Lepturua 889

Macrourus 2584

TricbiuruB 8S9

Le Spb^ifoide Tubercule 1 733

Totrodon Plumier 1733

Lea Alut^rea 1717

TJatrachopes 1740

Brosmes 2561

Curiinates 332

DicbotoinycttNres 1738

Dib>l)oniyct6rea 1738

Klacates 948

Lottos 2550

Muatftlos 2,')57

Ovoidi'B 1738

PriHtipouiea 1329

ProuiecoceprJea 1727

Spb6roide8 , 1729

Stellif^^res 1439

SteiiomotopeB 1729

leaaoni, Caranx 933

TetrapturuB 892

'I

i

^1

'1 I

V4

3016

Index.

r .

I'age.

leHsonii, Coryphsena 953

legueuri, Acipenser 106

Moxostoma 194

Itaueurianum, Exoglossum 327

lesueiirii, Catoatoiuus 195

Lutbarcns 375

velifer 375

letliopristis, Orthopristia 1340

lethostigma, Faralichthys 2030

letliostigmus, Paralichthys 2630

Lethostole 792,2839

estor 792

Lethotremus 2100

mnticiis 2101

vinolentus 2101

leuchtonbergil, Bolouopsls 369

Leptorliyuclins 369

leuoiodus, Minniliis 291

Kotropia 291

Photogenis 291

Leuciacinre 202

Leuciscua 228,252

afflnia 240

aliciiB 236

aiialoataiiiia 279

ardeiia :(01

argeut«u8 221

baltoatus 238, 2797

lateralis 239

bicolor 232, 245

boaci 251

boucanH 247

bubaliniia 273

cbrysoptenia 221

cobitia 305

coccogeuia 285

conformia 231

cooperi 230

copil 293

' cornutua 283

orasaicauda 231

orooeua 308

egreglua 237

elogana 227

elongatiia 240,2797

emorii.. 227

erythrogaatur 210

ester 240

exilioauda ... 209

flaniineiia 242

formoaua 246

frontalia 283

fiinduloides 240

garduueua 251

gibboaus 231

gllU 239

Paj,',.

Leuciacna grncilia 283, 3L'<'i

grabami 22^

grandis 22')

hicinatarua i 21 h

bcterodon 2(ii

liudaoniua 'im

liiimboldti 23C.

bydropblox 23.s

hypaeloptoriia 28()

intnrmediua Zi'>

iria 22'J

kentnckiensia 27'.i

liucatna 23i;

lutreuaia 271;

inacrolepidotuH 22-f

niargarita _ 241

niilnerianua 24'J

niontanua 2ri8

nacbtriobi 27n8

iiasutiia 300

neogieua 240, 270H

iiiger 2;!,")

iiigreacena 2:i:!

iiikidus L'21

obesua 246, 282

orcutti 241

oregonenaia 22ri

])bUtgetboiitiH 24::

pliotegi^nia 2!l(;

jii ocuo 2ti4

prodiictiis 24(1

prolixua 2o(;

]irorigor 24ii

pulcliclloidea 222

pulcbellua 221

purpareua 234

pyginicus 024

robiiatua 228

niteiigiilus ..' 221

riibelliiH 2!t:!

nibrifrona 295

aiualawi 2797

apilopterus 279

apirliiigulua 282

atereri 222

atoreriauiis 270

teloBOoputi 292

tiiicella 211

tiiditanna 2r>:i

Taudoiaulua 2:i0

vitt'vtua 282

vulucitUus 2t>3

BeylonicuH 415

Kiiuneiiaia 227

lenciaouB, Jiracbydeuterua 1327

Poroadasis 1328

Index.

3017

283, 3'jr,
22>
225
21«
261
2ti!)

2:!<;

23.-
280

2:tr,

222
2711
232
272
224

• . 2^1

242

23K

271)8

301!

240, 279H
2:1,-)
233
221

. 246,282
241
22.->
24:!

2i)i;

204
2411
2(l(i
240
222
221
234
624
228
221
203
295
2797
279
282
222
270
292
211
2")3
230
282
263
4iri
227
1327
1328

Page.

loucisciis, roiiiailasys 1328

Priatipoma 1328

ItnicoiiKcnia, Saliiio 2823

loiicophtBUA, Cuugrus 355

IcucopHarmn, Myctophiiin (Steiio-

linichius) .'i02

Xaiinobracliiiim f>62

Ittiicops, Photoj^eiiis 296

ciigraiiliuus.. . 296

ieiicopiis, Pliotogenis 277

Khaiiipliobory X 847

leiicorhyiichtis, Rliinobatus 62

leucoriis, Kiiponiaceutrus 1551

Leiicos 243,244,2798

bicolor. 245

t'urinosa 246

obeaiis 246

Icitcos, Carcharbiinis 38

Carcharias 38

Leuco8oiiiU8 220,221,250

aiiiericaniis 250

ai'iiyreiosus 224

cataractus 221

caurimis 220

coinmniiis 326

(torporalis 222

dissiiiiilia 324

guloiielluH 326

iii!r<|)iib)biis 224

iiu'i-atmatiis 222

ucciduntal i s 247

pallidiis 222

piilcbelliis 222

rhotlHMis 222

syinmetrieiii) 246

luucosttnis. CulaiiiiiH 1353

leuco8ti<-tii8, KiipomacM^ntrim 15.55

Poniacciilriis 1550

loucuru8, Ciiranx 915

lleiiiicaraiix 014

NaucltTUH 900

Louru8 aiiticus 245

boiicardi 247

(1in]i<liatu8 244

foriiiosiis 240

olivaceus 244

tincella 211

Ltiurestbes 801

craiiieri 802

tiMiuis 802

LeiinigloHsuH 527

stilbius 527

LHiirymilH 2460

paucidiMm 2460

U<v1h, Bobaaticlithys. 1816

Sobastoilea 1816

3030 112

-<. I

Page.

lewis, Squatina :... 59

lewisi, Salar 493

Salmo claikii 2819

mykiss 493

ZygtDna . 45

liberieimis, Balistea 1702

libcrtate, Opisthnnema 433

llbertatis, Cliipea 433

Meletta 433

Oplsthuneuia 433

Lichia quiobra 899

licktonsteini, Aciponscr 105

lignlata, Scriola 905

Li,ja 1714, 1715, 1718

Barbuda 1720

Colorada 1713

Trompa 1719

Lile 428,429,431

lima, Loricaria 158

Liniaiiumbiia 400

inclanutiH 402

Liinanda 2644

artpera 2645

beauii 2646

ferriiginoii 2644

proI)08cidea 2645

rostrata 2645

liinanda, Ilippojrlossoidts 2615

liniandoides, Hip))ogl<)8Hoi<le3 2615

PloiironiHites 2615

Liniax lancoolatns 3

limbatu8, Carcbarliini.'s 40

Carcliaria8 40

Congtr 360

Fund.iliis 643

Isogonipliodon 40

Oxydoutirlitliys 385

Saurii8 533

linii, Hydrargyra 621

Umbra 623

]>ygnia'a 024

Limla 690

coiiuhiana 095

cubensis 092

inataniorensis 7C.(

pavonia 692

Pccciloides 70i(

venusta 665

Liranurg us 666

variegatns 666

limo8a, My xlno 8

liraosuB, Pllodiotis 142

Pylalictls 143

Silurus 143

linoa, Moscprlon 1260

Siphostoma 768

3018

Index.

I

^'/ 1; '

J !

sir

i

Page.

linea, Syiignathns 768

linebta, Alosa 426

Coryphoena 1619

Echeneis 2268,2270

Embiotoca 15U6

Morone 1133

Kovacula 1619

Scitena 1133,1460

Tigoma 233

Trigia 2167

Unibranchapertura 342

lineatum, Lepibema 1133

lineatus, Achirus 2697, 2698, 2702

Amblodon 1484

Calliodon 1651

Gyclopterus 2118

Cypselurus 2836

Pormitator 2198

Doryichthyu 773

Doryrhamphus 773

Eques 1487

Esox 627

Exocoetus 739

Fundulus 649

Genyoneinus 1460

Gerres 1377

Gobius 2218,2260

Grammichthys 2702

Grystes 1868

Labrax 1113

Leiostonius 1460

Lepiftosteus 110

Leuciscus 232

Liparia 2118

iiiultistriatus 2118

Micropogon 1461

Monochir 2698

Mugil 812,2841

Phtheirichthys 2268

Pleuroneotes 2698, 2701

Prionotiis 2167

Roccns 1113,1132

Siuaria 1378

Squaliiis 233

Trlchodon 2297

Xyrichthys 1619

Zygoneotes 649,657

liueolata, Cliola 263

Glupea 422

CoryphfBna 1619

Mollienisia 700

Pelamj'a 873

PcBoilia 700

liiieolatuDi, Etheostonia flabellare.. 1098

liiieolatus, AlbumuB 263

CatonotOB 1099

Pago.

lineolatiis, Metrogaster 14i)!i

Paeudoscarus 16,5 1

Tetrmlon \Tl>

lineopinnis, Muriena 39i;

liueo-pimctatus, Batistes I7()<i

Ling 25ri(i

Lings 25r)l

linguntula. Batistes 172(i

j Pltnironectes 26 1 "i

linnHji, ^glofinus 254"

Morluccius 253i)

Molva 25")'.'

Trachurus 911

Liuopliora 1672

Linupliryno 2734

lucifer 2734

liudleyi, Etlioostonia 1097

Liocetus 2731!

niurrayi 273::

Lioglossina 262'.'

totrophthalma 26JL'

liolepis, Paraliclitliys 2624

Xystreurys 262:1

Liomoniicanthus I7i:i

Liontisb 18.")(i

LioniHcus Ki:;

liopeltis, Acipenser IOi'j

Lioperca '. . 116ii

inennis IKi,-'

Iiiopropunia llnri

abcrrans lli'.ti

rabra 1137

Liopropouiinu! 1127

Liopsetia 264!t

glabra 265ii

glaciulis 2649, 2C")ii

obscura 2851

putnaini 265(i

liorua, Chasniistcs I8:i

liosterniiM, Pheuaoobiiis t«r«tuliiB.. 3o:i

Liparididui 2105

liparidiua, Discobuli 2105

Liparidinti! 21(15

liparina, Aniitra 2138, 2i;i9

Mononiitra 2U!t

Liparis 2114,2115,2116,2ns

agassizii 2121

arctica 2121

barbatus 21 IK

t-alliodou 2120

callyodon 2111

(Careproctua) reiuhanli 2134

communis 21 IH

cyclognster 21 1 8

cyciopiis 2112,2118

oycloatigma 2125, 2865

m

Index.

3019

Page.

Liparia donnyi 2124

ekstromi 2108

labricii 2121,2128

fuceiiais 2119

gelatinosus 2134, 2135

gibbu8 2123

gobius 2108

berachelinus 2123

lineatus 2118

miiltiatriatiis 2118

liparis 2116,2118

luaculatus 2108

ma,ior 2127

moDtagui 2107,2108

II1I1C08US 2111

nostras 2118

ophidoides 2118

pulchollus 2126

ranula 2134

reticulata 2108

Htellatiis 2118

tunkata 2121,2128

tunicatus 2120

vulgaris 21 18

liparis, Centrolopbus 903

Cycloptorus 2123

major 2128

minor 2121

Liparia . 2116, 2118

liparoides, « 'yclopterua 2108

I^iparopa 2104

stellori 2104

Liparopsiua) 2095

Lipugeuia 61!)

Lipogenyida! 619

Lipogeny a gillii 619

Lipophrya 2377, 2378

lirojius, Tacbyaurua 2784

Lima percifornua 964

lirua, Laponiia 1007

Minnilua 298

Notropis 297

Lisa Blauca 813

Cabezada 811

Franceaa 410

liaiga, Aapidopborua 2036

Liaita 814

lister!, Ostracion 1725

lita, M uriuna. . . .' 2805

Litliolepis triatuicbua Ill

Little Pickerel 627

Ked-eye 096

Koncador 1460

Skate 68

Smelt 807

Tiiuuies 868

Pag.-.

Little Tunny 869

Littleliead Porgy. 1350

Little-montb Porgy 1354

littoralis, Carcliariaa 46, 2748

Eugompiiodus 47

Meuticirrhus 1477

Squahis 47

Unibriua 1477

littoricola, Cbietodon 1680

litura, M(<ao]>rion 1258

lit uroMua, Diodou 1746

lividua, Petroniyzon 12

Silurua 140

Liza 810

liza, Mngil 811,2841

Liza OJo de Pt-rdriz 814

Lizardtisb 538

Lizard LMalies 532, .'»33

lobatus, Cautbogaatcr 1732

Spheroides 1731, 1732

lobochilua, Horoa 1531

Lobotes 1235

auctorum 1236, 2858

emargwiatua 1257

erate 1 236, 28.')6

farkliarii 1236, 2856

in(!urvu8 1236, 2856

paciliius 2857, 2858

soinnolentus 1236

8urinaiiien.si8 1235, 2856, 2858

LobotidiL- 1235

lockingtonii, Icichtliya 969

Lodde 520

la-ve, Ditrenia 1511

Log Fisli 964

Peiclies 1024,1026

Loucbiurua 1481

laiicoolatus 1482

Loncliopiatbua 2286

niicroguatbus 2287

loncburuni, Opiathognatlum 2281

LoncliuruH ancyb>don 1416

barbatus 1482

depreasus 1482

lancfolatua 1482

loncburus, Ox)iritboguatbus 2281

Loiigjaw 471

Long jawed Goby 2250

Long-jaws 710,711

Long Mingo 1718

longa, Dasibatia 85

Daayatia 85

Alacdonaldia 2826

l(>ngatUH, Labeo 186

lionge 604

Long-oared Suutish 1002

3020

Index.

■J'

It

t"

!

m

S I

! ^

Page.

Long- finned Albncoro 871

Charr 500

Sole 2658

lougicniida, Gobius 2229

Gyniuothorax 392

Mura^na 392

Kabula 391

lougiueplialus, Galeichtliya -781

Hoxaneinutichthys . 130

Tachisurus 130

lonj;iceiis, Eleotris 2195

lly bopsis 264

Sibonia 233

lungicollis, My ropliis 371

lungideuH, Caulolepia 839

longililii^, Hathygadus 2566

Hymeuocephalus 2567

longiiuana, EtliooHtunia 1054

Kiiliunia 38

loiigiinanu8, Buleo»oiua 1054

Cicblaaonia 1520

Heros 1521

Sqiiaiiis 38

Xystioplites 1008

l(>ugi|)e8, BatliyptoroiH 546

Gadiis 2555

lougipinne, GobioMonia 2250

Ilolocentriuii 849

longipinnis, Clevelandia 2255

Kvermannia 2250

lihombim 906

StroniateiiB 966

lougirostriH, Albiirnops 267

C'atoHtonius 176

Cliola 267

Esox 714

Euleptorlianipbus 724

Ueniiiiiainphiis 724

Uippocuiupim 778

Hypoprion 41

Lepitiosteus 110

Malthiua 2737

Notropis 267

SauruH 538

Tylosunis 714

longirostruni, CatostonniH 176

longispatliuni, PeriHtedion 2178

iongittpiuis, AiluricbthyM 119

Lepomis 1006

PontinuH 1858

Long necked Eel» 343

Long-nosed Dace 300

Gar 109

Slicker 176

Long-apiued Sciilpiu 1970

Loug-tail Shark 45

Pag.-.

longuluB, Callinrus 99i;

Poniotis 95(1

longiirio, Carcharias 4:;

Scoliodon 42,274h

longua, Italistea 1707

Ophisurus 377

PJHodonophis 377

Look-Down y:i(;

lojilmr. Perca 947

Lopharis 9 It)

nieditcrraneuH 947

Lo]>hiidiv 271;;

Lopliionms 2714

setigerus 2714

Lophiiis 27l:i

aciileatuH 274 1

aniericaniis 27 1 4

bnlo 231(1

gibbus 2717

histrio 2716, 27'JJ

ocollatus 27 Ji!

piacatoriuB 2713

radiatua 2738

roHtratus 2737

setigerus 271.'(

Bpectruni 272::

tninidua 271(>

viviparus 271.')

loithius, Aniiiirus i:i«

IctaliiruH i:w

Lopbobranchii 750

Lo'jibobraiiclm 75'.)

LopbogobiuH 22(i!)

cy prinoides 220ii

Lopliolatilus 227K

cbanui-leonticeps 227H

Loi>liopHetta 20")!)

inaculata 2ti<i(i

Lord, Irisb 1934

lordii, Salnio 50S

loreto. Gramma 122!)

Loricaria 156, 157, 1 'i'.(

acuta 1 58

barbata 1 58

bransl'ordi 158

lima 1 58

panamennis 157

roatrata 157

atrigilata ; 158

nracautha 158

variegata 15!i

Loricariicbthys 1 5()

Loricariidte 155

Loricariinii' 15ti

loricata, Alyaia 5fi9

Loricati 1756

Index.

3021

I'age.

loricatiis, GaaterosteuH 747

Macroguiitliiis 110

ThalaiigisteH 'J04(i

Loro 1652, l«ri3, 1055, 1657

loro, Scariis 1654

Loios 1642

Lota 2550

bruHiniuna 2551

coinpri'ssa 25CI

iiiuruata 2551

iiiaciilusa .' 2550

Lotella 2546

inaxillariH 2546

lotliariu^iis, GasteroHteus 746

Lotiiuw 2532

loiibina, I'erca 1119

loiiisiaiia, Eii{;rauliH 446

loiiisiaiias Notropis. 2801

Siplioatoma 770

Syngiiathiis 770

lowei, Polyiiiixla 854

lowii, OiuoHiiclis 598

loxias, PrioiiotiiH 2156

liibb, Gadiis 2561

liibi'iciiin, ISraiichioHtoiiiii W

Lucania C6H, 666

affiiiis 665

goodei 604, 2831

umniata 66;i, 2831

parva 605, 2831

veniista 605, 2831

liicasaiia, Spliyraiiia 826

Iiicasaiiuiii, Tlialassoina 1607, 2859

lucasaiius, Chloriclithya 1607

Juli8 1607,1608

lucaui, Ceratocottus 1940

luc^ayauiini, A8yininetroii 4

LuctniiH vorax 628

liicens, Cfrnticlitbys 321

Dacentras 1496

liu;ia', FuudulilH 654

Haplochilns 655

Hydrargyra 655

Zygonectes 055

Imcida, ^■Ktboprora 505

liicidiiB, ArgyrosomiiH 470

Coregoiius 471

LuxiluH 299

Notoniiguniis 299

Saliiio (Coregoniis) 471

StulitplioruB 447

Lucifer 591

lucifer, Linophryiio 2734

Lucifuga 2501

dcntatiiH 2500

Hiibtorraueim 2501

Page.

LiicifugiiiH! 2408

Liiciida- 624

Liicioldenniiis 2404

iilopidotus 2404

luciocups, Saunis 539

Syiiodiis 539

Luciocbarax 339

in»ciilplus 339

liKuoideM, Esox 628

Lucioporca americaua 1022

borea 1022

canad(.'imis 1022

grisca 1022

pepiiuis 1022

vitrea 1022

luciopercana. Mfiitiperca 1216

liiciopercaiiiis, Coiitroju-istiH 1216

Prioiiodca 1210

Serranus 1216

Luciopercinaj 1018

Liiciotnitta 473

liiackcnzii 474

Lucius 625, 626, 628

ainericanus 626

Incius 628

uia.iquinongy 629

inmiarulatus . 63(1

ohii'nsls 629

roticulatus 627

venniculatUH 627, 2827

lucins, AtructoHteiis Ill

Esox 628

anutricauii.s 626

Lud us 628

Ptycbocbeilus 225

Lucky Pioacli 1 971

lucretias Abonia 2241

GobiuH 2808

ludibuiida, Cliola 273

Cyprinella 373

ludibuudns, Notropis 273

Luj^gcr, Ston«^ 181

lugubris, Caranx 924

Cyprinella 274

Malacoctenus 2357

Melaiii pliacs 842

Myxodes 2357

PlectroiuuH 842

lugnbroBUM, Esox 628

luitpoldii, (Miaracodoii 2832

luinbricus, Miira'na 342

Myrophis 371

Lunipuniiia; 2349

Luinpenus 2435, 2436

aciilcatiis 2433

anguillaris 2436

m

3022

Index.

/

'1 i

4* .

< 1

1!

1 1

A i

Page.

Lumpenus fabricii 2437

Liimpetricforniis 2438

■ iiiackayi 2436

Tiiaculatus 2433

mediiis 2435

nubiliis 2438

ociiluatiia 2433

liimiienua, Bleiiiiiiis 343H

Clinus 2438

Stlchicus 2438

LuinpflsL 2096

Lump Sucker 2094.2090

Luinpus 2090

angloi'um 2097

spinosua 2009

vulgaris 2097

luinpus, Cyclopterus 2096, 2097

Luna, piscis 1754

Pez 1753

luna, Caraux 927

Lainpris 954

Poniotis 1006

Zeua 955

luuai'ia, Ort,liragori8cu.s 1754

luiiata, Kclieueis 2269

luiiaticus, l)a<'tvloscopu8 2302

lunatus, I'latophrys 2605

rieuronoctes 2600

Rhinichthys 308

atroiia.su.s 308

Ithomboidiclitliys 2666

Lunc I'oissou 954

Tetroilou 1754

lunineutis, Ariiia 125

Aspistor 2763

Selenaspia 125

Tacliisurus 125

luiiulatus, Epineplielus 1159

Lut;|anu8 1158

Mnstelus 28

Rhomboidiclitliys 2666

Serranus 1159

lupus, AuiciuruH 137

Aiiarliiclias 2447

Ictalurus 137

Piniolodus 137

luH<'a, Cyclotlione 582

lusitauicus, Vandcllius 887

lutca, Auguilla 348

luteovinctuui, Etlienstonia 1086

Intescens, Ch'.'todou 1680

Kypliosns 1388

F imelcpterus 1389

luteutn, Hit uiulon 1304

lutens, OnlropnnitiB 1024

Gadu.4 toracodns 2540

Page.

Intous, Gonyatremus 134'J

Lutiaiius 1343

Notiirus 141

liliinichthys 307

Lutianidm 1241

Lutiauinnt I'-Mi'

Lutianus 1247

argentiventris 12(il

Colorado 12f)>

guttatus 12«'.i

luteua 134:;

novenifaaciatns 125: ;

atearnsi 1250

lutipinnis, Hydroi)hlox 287

Minnilus 287

Notropia 28<i

Opiatbopterna 437

Pristigaster 4;!7

lutjanoidoa, Lut^jauua 12(>1

Neoiuicnia -. 1201

Ocyurua 120)

Lut;)anua acutirostria 125:i

auibiguuB 127'J

analia 12(17

aratua 127 1

argentiventris 1201

arnillua 127'.t

anbri<'ti 1 27 1

auronibeiis l'-7'>

aya 120n

blackfordi 12or.

bracbypterus 120.S

buccanclla liifi-

caballerote 1 2'i7

canipecbianua 120.")

caxia 120o

cayennenaia 14ii t

cbrysurua 1-70

Colorado 120H

cyanopterns 12.")5

cynodon 12."i.'>

cubera 12a">

deutatus ■ 12.'i,")

griseus 12."i7

guttatus 120'.i

inennis l-7."i

Jocu 125H

lunulatus 1 laS

lutjanoidca 1201

luabogoni 127:!

nielanurua l'-7'l

noveuifasciatua li.'."i:i

ojanco 127:1

pacilicus 125li

prieto 12.'):i

profundus l-<i4

Index.

3023

Page.

Liitjanus pnrpnrens 1264

roHaceuB 1267

Hteamsi 1257

Barinamensis 1319

Hjr nagriH 1271

torridus 1264

triauguliim 1454

tridens 1202

trilobuH 1200

niiinotatua 1271

verres 1583

viridis 1246

vivaiius 1264,1265

lutkenl, ExocHituB 736

Liitodeira 414

lutreiisis, Cliola '. 272

LeuciscuB 272

Notropis 271

ItixatUB, ChasuiiBteB 183

LiixilinuB 247

ocoidentalis 247, 2799

LuxiluB 250,254,267,281

chiukasaveu sis '. 275

chrj'BocephaluB 282

diHsimiliB 319.

elongatus 240

ery tlirogaBter 210

interruptUB 282

kentuckieUBis 279, 322

lept08oniii8 250

luciduB 299

oucidentalis 247

ruBeiis 288

aeco 250

selene 269

zouistius 285

liixoides, Cypriuella 274

l.V lOdoD, Oucorbynchas 481, 483

Salmo 483

Lyoenchelys 2469,2470

paxilluB 2471

porifer 2471

verrillii 2470,2471

LycengrauliB 451, 2811, 2816

groBsideiiB 451

poeyi 2811

lychiius. My ripristiB 847

LyciaB 2461, 2463, 2468

Lycocara 2478

parii 2478

Lycodalepis 2468

mucosuB 2470

polariB 2468

tiirneri 2469

Lycodapwlidin 2491

LycudapuH 2492

P»ce.

LyoodapuB dermatinua 2492

extensuB 2479

flerasfer 2493

parvicepB 2493

Lycodea 2461,2462

brevipes 2467

coccineuB 2469

coucolor 2463

diapterua 2473

digitatuB 2466

eamarkii 2463

frigiduB 2465

gracilis 2465

mucoBUB 2470

iiebuloBUB 2468

paciflcuB 2460

p." laris •- 2466

paxilloides 2471

paxilluB 2471

perapicillum 2465

polaris 2469

porifer 2472

reticulatuB 2465

roBBi 2465

Bemiiiudus 2468

terrse-nuv{B 2466

turnuri 2469

vablii 2463

verrillii 2471

zoarcbuB 2464

LycodidiO 2455

Lycodiuo) 2456

Lycodontis 392,393

castaneuB 2804

chlevaBtcs 398

consperauB 397

dovii 397

elaboratua 398

funebria 396,2804

luiliaris 897

mordax 395,2805

moringa 395

obseuratuB 389

ocellatuB 399

nigromargina-

tuB 399

Baxicola 399

pictuB 2805

polygoniuB 394

aanctae-helense 397

verrilli 393

vicinua 394

virescenB 394

LycodoniiB 2473

inirabilis 2474

Lycudopbis 2869

I ! I

m

it^klteiLi^' -

3024

Index,

m> (

>! t

I'' i

Page.

Lycodopnis 2460

criiBsilabria 24ri8

crotnlinus 2459

paciflcuB 2460

pauciduns 2460

Lycolia 2809

crassilabris 2809

crotulina 28ri9

Lycom-ctes 2444

aleutenHiB 2444

Lyccmeina 2474

barbatuiii 2474

lyiiceuiii, Etlioostonia 1075

lynx, PiinuloilitH 138

LyolipariB '... 2114,2110,2126

Lyomeri 404

Ly«poini -■ 606

Lyopsetta 2612

exilia 2612

LyospliHira 1751

globosa 1751

lyriciiB, Eiictenogobins 2225

Gobiua 2224

lytbrocbloris, Xenotis 1003

Lytbrulon 1311

flavisuttatuiii 1312

opalesceiiB 1312

Ly tbruriis 254, 258, 297

atripeo 300

cyanocepbalus 300

lythrux'us, Notropis 300

iinibratiliH 300

Lytbrj'pnus 2210, 2216, 2230

Maciibi 411

Macaua 341

inacarellUK, Caranx 909

Decapterus 909

Macaria 890

macaskeyi, Ictalurus 318

iiiaccloUaudii, IJregiuaceros 2520

luacdonaldi, Aciitomeiituiii 1787

Conocara 457

Cynoscion 1411

FundiiluB 651

Kainiobrachiuui 563

Notropis 284

Penopus 2521

Salnio clarkii 2819

mykisH 497

Sebaatodes 1786

Zygonectes 651

Macdonaldia 610

alta 2826

cliallengeri 617

longa 2826

Page.

Macdonaldia roatrata 017

inacelluH, Prioulstiua lOi;-

niacer, Poly proaopus 51

Macba'ra 890

machete, Sardina 431!

iiiachnatu, Argentina 4lit

Maclio Kli

Maelniclu 4:HJ

Maclitito 811

inackayi, Lunipenua 24.'ir>

Siplioatonia 760

uiackon/ii, Liiciotrutta 474

Salnio 471

Stonodua 474

Maekercl, Chub 8(l(i

Coninutn .' Sfifi

Eaater 86(1

Horse 8711

Monterey Spauiali 87::

Snap 940

Spauiali, of England 8(>C

Spaniah 874

Tliimbleeyod 800

Tinker 86(1

Yellow 921

Mackerel-liko Fiahes 800

Mackerel Scada 907

Shad 909

Shark 48, 49

Sharka 47

Mackerela 803,80")

Frifiate 807

King of 1755

Snake 883

Mackinaw Trout 504

niaclura, I'teroplatea 80

Raia 87

Macolor 1247

macouni, Cbauliodua 587)

macracanthuui, Cichlaaonia 1518

Priatiponia 1332

luacracanthua, Alutarii'B 1720

Heroa 1519

Poniadasia 1332

niacrocephala, Clnpea 411

Murania 348

maerocephalum, Etheostonia 1031

Macrocejihalua 1117

macrocephalua, Al vordiua 103 1

Clinus 2304

Gadus 254 1

Gonocephalua 2184

Guuellua 2419

Hadropterua 1031

Labroaomua 2304

Mnierpea 2364

t. :i

Index.

3025

Tngc.
017
lO'J-
61
890
iVi
41U
811
432
811

24;t(i

76ti
474
474
474
8()f>

8nr>

8611
8711
87:i
040
8<>G
874
8GC
86t)
<J21
8<!U
007
000
48, 40
47
86;!, HOr.
807
175.")
88;i
504
86
87
1247

1518
i:i32
1720
1510

i;!:t2

411
U48
1031
1117
1031
2364
2541
2184
2419
1031
2364
2364

Page.

maorocnplialiis, Porcina 1031

Swmotilus 222

iiincroceriiH, Moiiiicaiit Iiuh 1713

niiu-i'oi-lit^iliis, (^'atoHtonina 178

iiiiicrrx'liir, AMrovaiKlia 609

ntiioMniiriiH 610

>S«iliaHt(iloliiiH 1703

niiuu'ochirim, KiiiMtniotlH 1005

]I(!iiiirljiiiii])liiiH 723

LepoTuis 1005

MiMro(l<iu 330

lunlabariciiH 330

iiiicrolepis 330

^lacrodonophia 380

inorilax 387

niacrodiiH, StiiinluH 47

iiiacroj;t'iiis, Cciiia 1181

mncrognatlium, Opistliognatlius . . . 2281

Macrognatlins 759

brovirostris 723

liiricatiis 110

raaciognatliiis, Opi8tlu)giiatliu» 2282

macrolepidottt, Aiicliovia 449

Toiciiia 041

inacrolcpulotnm, Moxistonia 193

iiiacrolepidotiis, CatostoniuH 104

Cliictodon 1677

EngrauliH 449

Fuiidiiliis lictcro-

ditiis 041

Leiicixciis 224

Notropis 299

PleuronccUis 2672

Pogonichtliys 223

StolephoriiB 449

niacrolepis, Poiitinus 18.55

iiuicroiienia, Piinelodus 155

macroiivinim, Ba};ru» 117

Neniiptorus 1289

Polynemus 828

Syiiagris 1289

niacroplitlialma, Cliipea 430

• HanMigiila 430

macroplithalmiiH, Aprion 1280,1281

Caraiix 911

CeiitropristiH 1281

ElaHtoiua 1281

Gobiesox 2335

PriacaiiUius 1238

Sardiiiella 430

Scomber 867

macropoiiia, Bcdlmaniiia 2239

Ceiitropristis 1200

Uiplectriiin 1205

MacropH 1281

oculatus 1283

Pago.

iiiacro]iH, DallBtea 1706

BalhygaduH 2560

(.•uliiiniis 1350,1534

Citliariclitliys 2684

Conger 355

Ci.rviiia 1428

Corvula 1427,1428

Giiatby pops 2284

IlippogloNsiua 2621

OpistbognatbiiH .
OpiHihoptvruM .. .

I'ristigastor

Sciii'iia

2284

■ 437

437

1428

iiiacroptora, Conocara 457, 458

88
181
458

1707
988
988
871

2357

2357
758
759
759
105
724
155
554

GoniobatiH

iiia(:ro])t<!ruiii, Ily pt'iitcliiini

iiiacroptei'iiH, Alcpocephalus

ISaliHtim

CeiilrarcliiiH

LabriiH

ThyniMiH

mncropiifl, Alalacoctcniis

Myxodcs

MavrorbaiiiplioHidii'

Macrorbainpbosiis

Hcolopax

niacrorhiniiH, Acipeiisor

inacrorbj'iichiiH, Iloinirliampliufl . .

iiiacrogpiln, I'iranmtaiia

I Macro.stoiiia

aiigiiHtidetiH 555, 2820

bra<by<bir 2826

caHtaiKMiiii 556

<;audiHpiiiosiiiii 550,2826

niargaritlferuni

qiiorciiiiiin

inacroHton)a,C}'princlla

HiMiiulon ,

Saliiio

macrostomuin, IIu'iiiuloii

macrostomii.s, Acipciisor

NotropiB

!Macrouri<li».'

Macroll^illa^

Macroui'us

acrolepis

bai-'''

bcrg..ix

ciiiercus

fabricii

holotracliys

lepturim

nipestris

stiilgidoli'pis

stroinii

iiiticroiirns, AIopiaH

554

274

1297

481

1290

106

274

2501

2502

2581

2585

2583

2681

2586

2582

2582

2584

2582

2585

2579

40

M'

;i

i

.:■■ fm

■ I- ■ '%

%

%

3026

Index,

i\

J I
/I

:/

i

Pa|{{e.

Macrozoart^es 2456

iiiacrura, CoiiKermurii<nn '.150

Miicriirophm 2581

luitururuiii, Opliisotna 357

MacriiriiB 2581

Hcruleiiia 2585

nspor 2572

ctirniiuatuB ^ 2580

carribbmiis 25(H>

dorHalis 2585

ilrniisquamis 2576

goodei 2572

(Nenmtoniirim) iiiiigniis. . 2574

occa 2588

pectoralis ' 2574

rupestriH 2579

HCaphopsis 2500

HimuluH 2578

Hiilmrbitalis 2573

inacruriiH, OxydonticiithyH :t85

iiiaculariiiH, (Jypriiiodon 674

baileyi 675

iiianilata, Apogon 1100

Belouo 718

Heuiitreniia 250

Lophopsntta 2660

Moroiie 1010

M iira>na n igra 1105

Nerophis 774

Perca 1153

Sciasna 2108

mactilaticeps, Holeosoma nigrum .. 1058

inaculatofasciatua, Paralabrux 1 196

Serraiius 1196

inat-ulatain, Ilolousoina 1057,1077

Cybiiiin 874

CynoscioD 1409

Etheostoma 1077

iiiaciilatus, Alvordius 1U32, 1034

Anarrhicbas 2446

Apogoii 1100

Aulostonius 754

Balistes 1707,1708

Bothus 26C0

Cantbidei-mis 1706, 1707

Cliiiiis 2433

Cottus 1972

Cryptacautbodos 2443

Cteiiodoa 2433

Diodon 1746

Dormitator 2196, 219

Galeocerdo 32

Gateiis 32

Gasteropelecus 338

Hadroptei'us J031, 1034

Heptranchiaa 18

Pace

iiini'iilatiiH, LeptodiuiiH 24:i".

Lii)arl8 210 ^

Liiinpeiiiitt 243::

Miiiiuprioii 1 lo'i

Miillbypeneus 8.'j'.i

Miillus 8ri!t

HoiucuH O.'ll

NotiioiiotuB 1U7V

Not< "byiiclius 17

• NotropiH L!,"iii

( )Htracl()n I7'j:.

Pimcloduit 136, 1 5:1

PIalyp<c('llu8 08t,

Ploiiroiioctt'8 20(io

Procerus 1 (I'j

Psoiios 0") 1

UhypticuH I2:u

Scomber 867,«7i

>Scombcroinoru8 874, 87.'

Serranus 11,")::

Spbt'ridea 1":!::

SplieroidcH 173::

Sticbii'UH 24;;:;

Upeiieus 8').^

iiiai'ulicauda, Diabaais lai-i

IliDmulon 1311

Orthoata'clius i:ii::

maciilifer, Diodon 1747

Platopbry 8 2Ui! 1

I'leuroneetes 26(1.'.

maculii'cruii, Hyjioplfctrus Uicj

Kliomboidiciitliys 2ti(i.'

maculipiuiia, Chwrojulis I5i):i

HaliRbajma 15!i."i

Iridic 1594

Julia lu!).-.

Platygloasu ISOfi

macnlipinnis, Acbirim 26!)^

Kxocd^tua 737

lleroa 152'.'

laogompliodon 4(i

Monochir 269s

Mura>na 394

Soloa 26«,s

Tliyrsoidea .. 3!U

maculocinctuii, Cbtt'todoii IGTi

SarotliroduB 1674

maculosa, Hareiigula 4;i(:

Lota 255ii

Molva 25;")1

MuriLMia 38-

Tbalaasop' -yne 2324

maculoseriatiiH, Chirua 1808

maculostriatua, Diodon 174 s

maculosum, Hnimulon 129.")

niaculoaua, Acentrolophua OC:!

Index.

8027

210-

24:1: ■

110'.

8.V.I

8r>',i

O.-.ii

HIT.

IT

'J'l'.i

ITU.".

las, ir.:.

2ti(>o
102
051

i2;ii

. 867,871

. 874.87:.

ll')'.

17;'.:!

. n;!.,

.. 24;!;;

8r>.-

1311

i;(v.'.

.. 1717
2«lil
2C(.r,
llll-
2fit').'
15il.'.
15it."i
15U4
15'.).'.
159r.
26ilS

vaT

152'.'

40

269s

394

269.S

394

1671

1674

4:to

2550
2551
38'J
2324
18ti8
174S
1295
<JG;!

Pago, j

inaoulosiis, Aoipenser 106 i

Catoatoniua 181 !

CentrarcliiiH USM

Ccnt.'-idiTinichtliyH 2014

Epinitplieliia 1158

UiuliiB 2551

NonioiiH 950

Ollgocottns 21113

Parnllclitliys 2626

Piinophales 217

proniitluH . . . 217

Pleuronecttis 2626

SerpeiiH iiiuriiiUH 382

Serraiiua 115U

inadeiriMisia, CeratoRcoiicliiH 557

Scopolim 557

Maileiiioirtolle 1433

iiiadoraspatenaiH, Butiriniis 415

iiinderensiB, Ilulicoleiiua 1837

.M adregal 005

Mad Tom 147

Toms 144

iiurandrioiiH, Caiilarcbiis 2328

Lcpidoj^aHtiir 2328

Ma'iiidiu 1364

.Vla'iiiniD 1364

iiiiigdiileiiii-, (Juriinata 332

Otolithus 1410

Paraliclith y» 2872

Scia-na 1420

inagistrali.s Epiniiiila 88(1

iiiafiiiiuculiH, Opliichtlius 385

Opliiclit liy.s 385

Scytalopliis 385

iiiagniis, Macriirus (NeinatoniiniH). 2574

Mahogany Snapper 1272

iiialiogoni, LiitJaiiUB 1273

Megoprioii 1273

NeoiDiciiis 1272

Mail-cheeked Fislics 1756

Mailed Gurnards 2176

mainenais, (la-sterosteus 745

Maire d' .Vmplora 555

ni^jalis, Cobitis 639

Fundulim 639, 2827

llydrargy ra 639

Maijarra, Kaiada 1561

major, Aotinochir 2128

Blepliaris 932

Cyelopterus liparis 2!28

Liparis 2127

Ptyclioclieilus 225,2797

^lisyor, Sergeant 1561

Makaira 890

ni<;'ricans 891

makaira, Xipbiaa 891

Page.

niakiia, Uau/.ania 1765

inalabarica, Klacate 948

iiialaliarieiiM, Macrodou 330

Malacanthidat 2274

^lalacantliina- 2275

Malacaiitlius 2275

Itlumieri 2275

trachiuiis 2270

MiiluohorliiuuH 6U

MalmMM'0))liaIuH 2569

oucidontalis 2570

Maliu;iK!«l 1 11.H 1004

/.oiiiiriis 1004

MalacoctuniiH 3356

bigiittatiis 2300

Itiiiiaciilatiis 2358

dblolamli 2358

gillii 2358

liigiiliris 2357

macropiis 2357

ocellatus 2350, 2H00

varius 2357

versicolor 2350

Malacusteida^ 592

Malacosteiis .'i02

nij^er 503

Malapterinu; l.">72

nialarinoidos, Anpidojihonis 2054

Maletta oaTuloa 423

maliger, SobusticlithyH 1823

Sebastodes 1822

malli'iis, SqiialuH 45

Zyga'na 45

Mallotus 520

villosus 520

Malma 507,508

ualnia, Salmo 508

Salvelinus 507, 2823

Malthaii 2730

augii.sta 2738

longirostris 2737

uasiita 2737

notata 2737

truncata 2738

veapertilio 2737

Maltlie 2730

culvifrons 2738

eluter 2739

Mammutii Cave lUiiidlish 706

Manuny 205

inanagiieneis, Heroa 1533

Pimolodiis 153

lihamdia 153

inauatia, Itaia 93

manatinua, Barathrodt'mns 2517

Mancaliaa 2729

,.):,,
' .i*.

/

[X, I

I i

3028

Index.

{^5

• i;

j;

'n'.

Page.

Mancalias shufeldti 2730

urauoscopua 2729

Mancho, Cibi 919

Man-eater Sharks 50

nanglicola, Gobk j 2220

mango, Polynemus 83u

Majigrove Grouper 1171

Minnow 643

Snapper 1255

Manitou Darter 1027

manitou , Percina caproiles 1328

Manjua 443

Ma^juari HI

inaig uari, Lepidosteiis HI

manaii, Zygouectes 664

Manta »2

amcricana 93

birostris 92

manta, Cei»haloptera 'J''

Mantararia Colorado - 2754

MantidH) 91,2756

manus, Gadus 2154

Mapo 2216

Giiavina 2196

mapo Gobius 2218

maraldi, Gcdus 2546

TJraleptus 2545

marcgravii, Aulastome 757

Corj'pbiena 953

Rhinobatiis 63

marconis, Hybopsis jestivulis b;6

Mareuo, Pargo 1252

Margaret, Bastard 1297

Margaret Grunt 1295

raargarita, Clinostoni us 241

Echiostoma . 589

Leuciscns 241

margaritaceus, Entomacrodus 2398

Salarlas 239!)

niargaritatiis, Batracbus 2323

Porichthys 2322

margaritifer, Heros 1520

Kotoscopelus 555

Serranus 1156

margaritiferum, Ciohlasonia 1519

Hamiulon 1312

Macrostoma 555

roargaritus, Phoxinus 241

Squaliiis 241

margarotis, Enneacantbus 994

Margate-ftsb 1295

marginaliH, Hippocampus 778

raargiiiata, Apboristia 27U6

RiHSola 2489

Thyrsoidea 394

Franldea 1965

Page.

marginatum, Opbidinm 24K'.<

marginatus, ISodianus il71

Brosniius IZ'ii

Brosmopbycis IWi

Caranx 921'

Chu'todon I'lfi:;

Cbromis 154ti

Cottns I9(iii

Dinematichthys 250J

Halias 2.^0'-'

Hemirbampbus 72;;

Leponiis lOo::

Neobytbites 251;!

Noturus 147

Pbycis 25riri

Pinielodu.s i:!")

Prniotis lOOli

Serranus 1151

Synipbnrus 270<i

Maria MoUe 1552

Marian 852

marianus, Flarameo 2871

Holocentrus 852,2871

Maria-prieta i;ili<

Marina, Perca 1701

Cauda riigra i:io;

gi'ibosa ]2it">

pinuis I2.")!i

sectatrix l,'!>iH

vei: cnosa 1172

Umbla minor 82:!

■•narinus, Ailuricbtliys.. lis

Esox 714

Paber 1 GtiH

Felicbtbys ll^

Petromyzon In

caratscliat-

icus 274rp

dorsatus Id

unieolor in

Kaja diabolas 911

Sobastes 1760,17(!1

viviparus 17(>1

Serpens macuIosuH 382

Silurus 118

Tylosurus 714

Mariposas 953, i)ri4

marmornta, Aniia 111!

Ptcroplatea 87

Unibrancbapert urT. 342

marmoratum, Lepopbidinm 2482, 24^^:1

marmoratus, Ameiurus H '

uebulosut) . 141

Anteunarius 2717

Aucbenopterus 21171

Cottus lllKi

jBf ■cpffTi)!lj;>WW''W -

Index.

3029

il71

2E0J
2r)(vj

92':

19i;r,

2r)(i'j
2r>o'j

72:!
lOiv.;
251;;

147

25r.->

i:;r)
10(i:i
1154
270ri

ir)52

852

2871
)2, 287 1

llilli

niil

130:

]2a->

12:V.I

i:!SK
I 117-J

H'j:i
us
714
lCf)8
11^
10

274r,

10

1"
93
60, 17til
17(11
382

lis

714
953. n."4

ii;i

87

342

.82, 248:i

141

141

2717

2371

l!l8;i

Page.

marmoratnB, Cromnobates 2371

Hemitripterus 1889, 2022

PimeloiluB 141

RbinicLthys 306

Rivulus 663,2830

Scori)H!iiiclithy8 1889

Spheroides 1734

Syinbraiichus 342

Tims 537

roariuoroa, Kabula 391

iiiarmoreuiii, SipliOHtoma 708

iiiarmoreiis, Blonnins 2381

Gymiiothorax 391

MuraiDophis 391

Sy ngnathus 768

Marsipobranchii 4

inai-Btoni, Salrao 516

Salvelinns (iqnassa 515

inarta- , Cy prinodon 675

martii, Pristigastor 438

Martin Pescador 2724

iiiartinica, Atheriiia 705

Kirtlandia 795

Menidia 795

Spicara 1364,1305

luartiniceiisis, Aylopon 1228

Holantbias 1228

McuticirrhiiR 1473

Kerophis 774

Novacula 1617

Novaculichthys 1616

OcyaiithiaH 1228

Odoiitaiitiiins 1228

Umbrina 1474

Vomer 934

Xyrichthys 1617

inai'tiiiu'UM, Gobius 2236

SmariH 1365

Upeneus 859

Masaiiiacimb 504

MuBcaloiigiis 625, 626, 629

iiiascbalespilos, Seanw 1642

Sparisomi 1641

Maskiuoiigy 029

iridsoui, Kalnu) 501

MuiB(|uiiuiugy, r.Hox 629

iininaculatus .. 630

Lucius 029

iiiiinaciilataB 030

obienBiH 629

inuBsachuBettensiB, Monacantlma. . . 1710

iiiUHHiliviiBiB, .Scorpa'ua 1139

Maaticura 59,79

. I utej iielo 848

Blanco 2275,2276

Keal 410

I

I'agc.

matejueio,. .mpbiprion 849

matlieniaticuB, Tetrodon 1728

Matlienieg 137

matoidoH, AcaiitliuruB 1693

niatsiiliara.', SebastodcB 1833

iSIattowacea 426

niattowacca, Cliipea 426

niatutinna, AlbiirnelliiB 301

Minnili-s 301

NotropiB 301

nnibratilis 301

niatzubarir, Sebastodeit 1796

mauri(!ei, Argy riosus 936

mauritii, Cluvtodon 1562

Eleotris 950

Granimistes 1323

niaurolici, ScopeluH 577

Maiirolicidii) 576

Maarolicns 676

anicthystino-punctatiiB 577

aitennatuB 577

borealis 577

iini]l(;ri 577

pennauti 577

tripunctulatiiB 578

maxillaris, Lotella 2546

Mnra'Boides 2418

Maxillingua 327

niaxillingua CyprinuB 327

ExogloBSuni . 327

inaxillosa, Gnatliypops 2284

inaxilloBUB, Gnatliypops 2284

OpisthognatliuB 2284

Khiniclitbys 307

maxima, Sclacho 51

niaxiiiiiiB, CetorbinuB 51

llippogloBRUn 2612

Labrus 1580

Lacbnolirmns 1580

LacbnolainiuH 1579

Scbu'buB 51

SqualuB 51

inaycuB, Salnio omisco 487

Mnyflsii 639

Maynea bninnea 2476

l>u8iUa 2476

May Sucker 199

niazatlaua, Seriola 904

Solea 2699

luazatlauuni, Hii'niulon 1314

niazatlanuH, Acbiru.s 2698

McCloud Itivcr Piiinl^ow Trout ... 502

nieadia>, Uloctnlra 2852

nicauyi, Ituscariua 1908

Meda 328

fulgida 329

%

3030

Ifidev.

i 'A '

Wl J

* 1

■II

1'

I

j

I

f

1

:. '•

1 (•

1 *

:>?

1

■■■I

' 1

rfi!"-

4

I* '.

1 i>

t ■ '

A

% -1 1

I

ig

T*

r

I

Page.

media, Palometa 2849

Medialuaii 1390,1391

californionsis 1391

MeilialunaH 1390

uiediucri, Cliipea 42U

medioeria, Pomolobus 425

inodirostris, Acipenser 104

lucditerrauea, CliiniiiTa 05

Laiirida 537

Surda 872

iiiediterraneuH, Hoplostctlius 837

Lupharis 947

Sooinber 872

Stomoptyx . 604

Tbynims 870

iMBilius, xVuisarcliuH 2430

CulaiiiUH 1355

CentropomiiH 1120

Cliniis J436

(iraiiiniateuH 1356

Liiiiipeims 2435

Myoxocepliiiliis 1083

L'liumbus , . . 067

Stichaus 2436

Medregal 004

iii)'da»icula, Caranx 024

iiieduHophagii.s, Scbfdopholus 970

iiieeki, Hybupsis 317

inegacepbaliis, CalaniiLs 1350, 1351

ChitoiiotUM 1891

Icelus 1891

Megaderua 402

iiiegalaspis, Acipoimer 105

iimgalepis, Doratonoiiis rtl2

Mogalobrycon 337

Megalocottua 1087

latiieps 1088

platycophaliis 1087

luegalodoii, Pristis 61

Mt'galopiuii? 408

Megalopa atlanticii.i 409

cepediana 416

eloiigatiiH 409

iiotatu 432

ogliiia 432

tliriaauidtM 409

nicgalopa, Alburiiclliia 291

Albiirnus 291

Clupea 426

Cypriiius 282

Ditrenia 1502

EuuichtbyH 1602

Holconotiia 1502

Mier<i])ogi)n 1463

Miniiilua 291

Notropia albeoliiH 284

Phk,..

luegalopa, Opaopoiodus 21-

Piinelodus 1:1 ,

T'-yclierodon 21:1

megulotia, Iclithelis. lo( :■

LcpoiiiiH Uiii'j

Megaperca 11:, 7

iacbiuagi 11:1-

MegapbaluH 2:iL''.i

inegaatonia, Gryatea im.'

OpiathoguatfaiiH l'2>'J

inegaatoiutm, Catustoiiius ].<[

AIelau)])bac8 beaiiil y c,

craaaicepa m:;

cristicepa Kit

liigubria j?4-j

Mitlaniphaiiiic 8::h

inelaiiipterua, Saliiio 4.s:i

iiK'lanipygus, Caranx '.r:,

Melaiiiolithys 1381, 1711

nlelnI)(>uepbalil.^, Plargynia i;i7

Meliiiiocetiiia' :;7jh

Mclaiiocetiis biapiiioaua L'7:i4

(Liocetua) murrayi... '^7:14

inelaiiochir, Julia ii;ii<i

iiielnnot-bira, Belone 7Hi

iiielaiiogaater, Plcuroiiectos 'H'cm

Pd-cilia I'liti;

MtOaiiograinnius 'J."i4l'

icglctiiiii.s 254'.'. •.'.■p4:i

inulaiiopia, Diudoii 1 74 1;

iii<-lMiio]ih!uriia, llaplocbiliiM (iiM

luelaiiopogoi), Ciclilaaoiiia i:>:;;i

Heros |."ij:)

iiielanoi>oiua, Polyiieiiiua ■•.'11

inelauops, Calliiiriia ii'.i'.'

CatoHtoiuua 187

Diuiida 21(i

Haplucliihia tiH2

Hybogiiatbiia 'JUi

Iditbi'lia !i!Hl

Minytrcnia ix"

Sebaate 17;<:;

Scbaatodes 1 782. 1 7s:i

Zy gonoc'tea lisj

nielanoptoriiiii, Priatiponia i:il'J

inelaiioplcrua, lialiatcH 17n7

iiu-lanopiiH, Ariua 1 :i'J

Taubyaiirtia 132, 'J7'<4

njelaiiorbiua, T*lectroi>uina II!''.'

iiiL'lanoHpiliiin, Diagraiiinia 1321

mclanostirtaa, lIippi(gloaa(iid<'8 'Ji''li>

Pacttichtbya '-'fiis

Mt'lanoatigina 247s

gelatiiioatim 2l7!t

paiiimdna 2470. 'J'^tlli

MolanoatiginatiniL' '.' I'>ii

Index,

3031

24-:

Hi".

24'.i
!()(>;!
Itm-j
li:;7

2;!-J'.i

84:t
844
842

8:t8

48',i

ifj.'i

:t8i,l7ii

217
2728
27H4
27:14
HiOll

710

2ii:iii

2:.42

2n42, 2.">4:!

1T4I1

filill

1 ."i2:i

I siw

.•':il

i»!l2
187
2 Hi
«82
2111
llSlfi
187
178;i
1782,1783
(182
l:iiy
17117

i;:2

27.'*4
lli'2
1321

■ji;i8

■jr.i8

247S

2 1 71)

24711. ■.''<i'!'

■J i:4i

. i:i2

I'age.

inelanoBtomiis, Sebastoiles 18U3

melauotlius, lIola<<iiiitliti8 1728

inclanotis, Liinaiiiiirii'iia 4U2

Mui-jKiia 401

PmMuloJulis 1005

Scams 1«38

iiielanotuH, Catostoinim 200, 218, ;t22

Melanura <>2;i

uunulata 024

iiiuluiiiiriiin, Ciflilnsoiiia 1523

Hieniiilon 1302. 1303

Litituouenin 2557

I'erca 1J03

lueluuurim, Careprortus 2135

Cypriiiiis 282

Ksocu;tu8 735, 730

HeroH 1524

Liitjaiius 1276

UiitiluH 1U3

luelapliMira, I'd'cilia 060

inelapleiirus, Fundiiluw 659

melas, Aiiiciuriis 141

Silurus 141

iiioIeagriH, Munuiiii 3'JO

I'riiMloiiopluH 300

Rhinichthys 308

atronasiis.. 308

Melftta 424

libertatis 433

euri'rii 425

veiiOHa 426

Melichthys 1711

bispinosiis 1711

piciiiiH 1711

riiigeim 1711

Melletoa 1932

papilio 1932

luelliHHii, Congroiniirn'iia 3,56

Menibras 789

iiioinbras, (!lu]it'a 421

Mencphonis 1143,1140

(liibiiiH 1147

puiictil'erua 1147

iiienliadeii, Alosa 434

Clii|>fla 434

Gulf.. 434

Mfijliadeim 433

Mtnidia 44.1, 790, 2840

auileim 798

berylliiia 797

brasiliensis 801

Clara 801

dtintex 801

gilberti 798

gracilis 797

borylliiia 797

Page.

Meuidla giiatetualeiisis 801,2840

inarlinica 795

inouidia 800

notuta 2840

uotata 800, 2840

pacbylepis 801, 2840

])eiiiu8ula) 797

sardina 799

vagraiis 795

laciiiiuta 795

iiieiiidia, Argentina 443

Atberina 801

Atberinichtbys 800

Meuidia 800

iiotata 2840

Mcnoiniiit'e Wbitt'tisb 405

nioiiona, I-'iindiilim diapbaniis 645

inniitaliH, IMatypd-rilim 086

Meuticirrbiid 1409, 1470

alburmis 1475

aniei'icaiiuH 1474

eUmgatus 1476

littoralis 1477

luartinicouHia 1473

iiasim 1472,1473

nebuUmus 1475

pauaiiienais 1473

saxatilis 1475

siiiius 1472

• uiidulatiiB 1476

Meiitipurca 1208, 1209, 1214

liiciopurcana 1216

iiiento, lialistes 1710

UrainopgJH 1502

ChaiioH 415

I'araliparis 2142

Xaiithicbthys 1710

iiiontzelii, Cbirunectes 7224

Serraniiti 1154

iiieritkii, Coiegoiiiis 470

ineridioiialiH, Amiurus 135

Cottus 1951

IctaliiriiH 135

Tcli(»buH 164

ScIerogiiatbuH 104

^lerlaiigus 2529

leplocupbaluB 2535

poluriH 2534

productiiH 2531

j)uri»uretis 2536

iiiorlangus, Anoplo|i(>nia 1862

McrliK'ciidii) 2529

Merlncciiis 2529

aiiibigiiim 2530

argentatiis 2530

bilinearis 2530, 2531

:l-.l

3032

Index.

If.' i

I '

Page.

^crUiccius eaculeutus 2530

liiintei 2530

inerlaccins • 25H0

prodiictuH 2531

siniintus 2530

smiridua 2530

vulgaris 2530

morluccius, Gadiis 2530

Morluccius 2530

Merliiciiia iilbidua 2531

atteiiuatus 2546

lanatua 2530

Merliia 2529

merhia, Gadua 2530

Mero 1154,1102

delo Alto 1161

Merou 1154,1780

inerriatni, Empetrichtbya 667

mertenaii, Cottiia 1980

meru, Holoceutrus 1154

Meruliniia 2148, 2149, 2156

Menia 1148

luerua, Centropriatia 1 162

Epiiieplielaa 1162

mearonni, iiolcoMoma nigrum 1059

ineaicua, Pd'cilichtbya 1059

lueaogaater, Exoccetua 729

rarexocretti a 728

Meaogobina 2210

MeaogoniatiuH * 994

chastodoii 995

Meaoprion 1247

ambiguiis 1272

aualia 1260

aratua 1274

argeutiveutria 1261

aruillo 1279

aiironibeua 1278

aiiro vittatua 1276

aya 1?64

buccauella 1262

caballerote 1257

campecbaima 1265

caudanotatua 1262

caxia 1260

chryaurua 1276

cyanopterua 1255

cyuodon... 1255,1260

deiitatua 1279

elegana 1278

flaveaeena 1260

(^TJaeua 1257

guttatua 1269

iuerniia 1275

lawlon 1267

jocu 1258

Page.

Meaoprion linea I2(i(i

litura 12uK

niahogoni 127;j

ojanco 127:1

paciflcua 125.!

pargua 125:>

prot'uiidua I2(i:;

ricardi l;!7;;

roaaceiia rjCT

aobra 12(;ii

uninotatus 1271

vivamiH 12C;i

vorax 12S1

lue.souB, Ariiia 121!

Uiigrii.s 12:1

Sciadeiclitliya 123, 27tii)

Tachiaiirua 12!l

MesopiiH 5L'l

olidua 5'j:i

nieaotrema, Aaturnotreinia 787

nietallica, Agoaia 314

Ecbeneia 2270

Hcterandria 687

metalliuua, Girardinua Gx7

Notropirt L".)7

inetanioren8i,s, Liinla 7o(i

Metopouopa 2(i7»<

cooperi 208(i

Meti-ogaater 14i)s

lineolatus 14!)i»

ineulini, Diudon 174H

Me Warn 18J'.)

Tukenoko 181:9

Mexican Sole 2C!t.-i

niexicaua, Pd'cilia t)'.i2

niexicannm, l)(«'O80i'ia 41(!

Mycto;)liuni .Wa

Kannobracbiiiin 5t;:!

niexicanua. A niblyopua 2'.'04

Awaoua '1Z\'

Centropoinua U'.'l

Cliatoeaaiia 410

Cbronopborua "-:i7

Gerrea i:!8ii

Gobiiis 2L':i7

Miigil 811

Penii)heri8 97H

Saurua 5;W

Tetragonopterua ii'l"'

tniarchiia, Stolcpbonia 441

Michigan Ciaco 4tiit

Grayling M8

Herring 4i''"

Kieyo 4(ilt

Micriatius ii:i:i

Micriatodua •'>-

l',l^^r r!tt, ..i. ^J ;

■il ^.....eLr^'i.

Index.

3033

Page.

i2eo

1258
1273
127;)
]25:i
125.".
126;i

127;;

1267
12Cfi
1271

i2e:i

1281
123

12;'.

123, 27011
123
524

525
787
314

227(1
687
087
2i)7
7IU1
207X
26811
14!)8
Uilit
1748
18'J'.i
182!)
2G!I.'<
0'J2
410
503
50:!
2204

2'j;i7

1121
410
22:17
IIIHII
22:17

8i;i

978

5:;8
;i:i."i

441
4 till
:M8

■Ki'J

0:1:!

52

Page.

MicristodiiH punctatvis 52

niiorocephala, Cynoglossa 2655

Platessa 2654

microcephaluB, Gastcrosteus wil-

liamsoni 751

Pleuronectes 2654

Soraniosus 57

Squalus 57

MicrodesmuB 2450

*. dipus 2450

retro]>iniiis 2450

luicrodon, Cy clothoue 582, 2826

GobiuB 2227

GonoHtcnia 582

Osmerus 521

Pstndocriakis 27

MicrodoDophis 381

Microgadus 2538

proxliuus 2539

toracod 2540

microeiiathus, Loiiclitnisthus 2287

OpistliognathuB 2287

Microgobius 2242

cyclolepis 2247

eulepiB 2244

gulosiiB 2243

sij^natua 2246

tbalassiuiiB 2245

inicrolepidota, Gila 207

MicrolepidotuB 1341

inomatuH 1341

raicrolepidotus, CeHtreus 1415

Cy ii08'':ou 1'.'15

LabvisoiuuB 2J63

LabroBoniuB 2364

Ortbodon 207

Otolitbus 1415

Microlepis 228

niicrolepia, Antiiuora 2545

EpinopheluB 1178

Lepopbidiiim 2486

MacrCMlou 330

Myctcropen'a 1177

Trisotropis 1178

luicrolophuB, Pomotis 1008

MicronuiBUs 90,91

MicroinetruB. 1496,1498

uggrcgat U8 1499

frenatns 1499

rosaceus 1500

microneina, PeristethuB 2182

mlcronemuB, I'eristodiou 2182

Mioroperca 1103

fontijola 1104

prcL-liaris 1103

puiictiiilata 1104

3030 113

Page.

microperca, Etheostoma 1104

Micropbis 773

luic.opbtbalmum, Hffiinalon 1296

tuicrophthalmuB, Doniiitator 2108

Heros 1536

TutragonopteruB. 334

Micropogou 1461

altipinnis 1464

argentcna 1463

costatus 1462

ectenes 1463

fumieri 1462

lineatus 1461

megalopa 1463

opercularis.. 1461

nndulatuB 1461

micropogon, Ceratichthys 323

microps, AgonoHtomus 820

Atberina 791

Belone 712

Callinrus 996

Carubadas 40

Caulolatilas 2277

Corviiia 1445

CottanculuB 1992

Dajans 820

Nebris 1417

Otolitbna 1415

Pagellus 1355

RhypticuB 1232

SteUifer 1446

TyloBoruB 712

microptera, Rhanidia 153

MicropteriiiR) 986

Mioropterns 1010

dolomieu 1011

b^ilmoides 1012

micropteniB, Etheostoma 1083

PimeloduB 153

Micropteryx 901,937

chryfluruB 938

cosmopolita 038

micropteryx, Alburnellua 297

MinuiluB 297

Notropis 296

Platysomus 934

mioropuB, GaateroBfeuB 744

microrhyiicbuB, Acipenser 1C6

microrrbiiios, Pseudosoarus 1655

MicroBpathodon 1565

azuriBBimns 1570

bairdii 1566,1567

cbrysurns 1567

oiuereuii 1570

dorsalis 1568, 1570

azarisBimuH 1570

:i;'.., -r

3034

Index.

•/

f,.', I

t'i

ii

i

I

!r
t

1 f

Page.

Microspatliodou dorHalis cinereiiH. . 1570

niveatus 1567

Mici uspathodontinic 1544

microstigmiuH, Myropliis 371

niicroHtoina, Cliola 204

Creiiilal)rii8 1576

Scarti'lla 2384

Tfltragonopterus 334

Uranidea 1958

M!cr<>atomid{e 527

MicroHtoniiniu 527

Microstomas 2653

gra;nlandicus f;28

kitt 2654

latidens 2654

paciticus 2655

microstomus, BIcnuiiis 2385

Citharichthys 2688

Conger 356

Etropiis 2687, 2690

Miunilus 262

Pleuroiiectes 2654

micrnr«m, Syaciuin 2672

Midshipman 2317,2321

Mikiss 2819

milberti, Acipenser 105

Ariiis 128

Carcliarliiniis 37

Carcharias 37

Kulamia 37

milbtirtianiis, Syngnathus 771

miles, Porogndiis 2520

Prionotus 2160

milesi, Pimephales 217

miliaris, Bellator 2173

Gyiiiuothorax 398

Lycodontis 397

Mura-na 398

Tlirysoidea 398

Milk Fislies 414

milktschitch, Salmo 481

milleri, Bathylagus ""55

Miller's Thumb 1941, 1950

millipiinctatus, GastcMosteus 752

milneri, Nocomis 324

Pagellus 1355

Spams \X^h

milnerianiis, Luuciscus 242

Phoxinii- 242

MilvuBcirratiis 2183

nuueopas, Bryltus 996

Mingo, Jiong 1718

miuiatu n, Peristedion 2178 i

miniatuB, Lepomls 1 0(12

Sebastlchthys 1795 j

Sebastodes 1794 1

Page.

Minielhis 254

minima, Abeona 1497

Cichla 1012

Cliipea 422

Perca 1057

minimns, C'ymatogaster 1497

miuiofntnatus. Scams 1634

Mink, Sea 1475

Minniliis,altipiunis 287

amabalis 291

ardens 301

ariommua 290

atripes 300

bellus 297

bivittatUB 233

blenniiis 262

ceruostignia 275

chalybieus 288

chlorocephaliis 28(i

chrosonuiB 288

coceogenis 285

cornutus 283

cyanocephaluB SOU

dinenius 293

diploimiuB 300

j^iunuB 290

jemezanuB 294

lacertosuB 284

leiiciodus. 291

lims 298

lutipinnis 287

matutinus 301

megalops 291

micropteryx 297

microstonids 262

nigripinnis 299

notatus 218

oligaspis 294

percobroinus 205

pIumbcoluB 283

punctulatiiB 302

roseus 288

rubellHs 293

rubricroc^t'us 28(i

rubrifrons 2'.»,">

rubripinnis -98

scabriceps 268, 2fl0

scepticns 2!t(i

selene 2*19

shumardi 268,26'J

stilbius 293

tel')BCopiis 292

timpanogensis 23:;

umbratilLs 299

xsenucephaliis 28!)

xa;niim8 280

■Vlij!-7!>^:'

Page.
254
1497
1012
422
1057
1497
1634
1475
287
291
301
290
300
297
233
262
275
288
286
'288
285
283
300
293
300
290
294
284
291
298
287
301
291
297
262
29!)
218
294
295
283
302
288
29;t
28(i
20.")
298
.. 268,200
2!l(l
2110
.. 268,260

29a

29'2
23: 1
299
28'.i
280

-,J,.j4^..^,iJ^1-f,-^-^ '

Index.

Page.

Miiiiiilus, zonifltiua 285

Minnow, U^ack-hoad 217

Blunt-nosed 218

Eastern Mud 624

Leather-sided 236

Manj;rove 643

ShiU'-psbead 671

Silver-Hided 238

Silvery 213

Spottailed '. 269

Spotted-tail 275

Star-headed 056

Straw-colored 261

Top 659,680

Minnows, Mud 623

Pursy 670,671

Minomus 173

bardus 171

delphinua 171

JarroTii 170

platyrhynchus 170

minor, Anarhichas 2446

Anarrhichaa 2446

Aphauopus 885

Atinga alter orbicularis 1740

Cyclopterus liparis 2121

Stellifer 1442

Umblamarina 823

luinutilluH, C'hriolepis 2205

minutus, Cottus 10.58

Cyclopterus 2097

GobiuH 2097

Minytreuia 186

austrinum 192

melanops 187

minytremus, Gy rinic'^thys 2137

Mionurus 1106

luirabile, Exoglossum 303

niirabilis, CIai>ea 422

Cryatallichthys 2865

Gillichthys 2250

Lycodonus 2474

Phenacobius 303

niirum, Calloptiluiu 2527

iniapilliensis, Ameinrns 141

Mississippi Cat 137

mississippieusis, Moroue IU'4

Pristis 61

Missouri Sucker 168

missuriensis, Cliola 262

Hybopsls 262

mitchilli, Argyriosus 030

Acipenser 105

Cottus 1973

Engraulis 446

Lepibema 1133

3035

Page.

mitchilli, Peroa 1133

alternata 1133

interrupta 1133

Stolephorua 446

MitchiUina 453

bairdii 454

niitis, Balistes 1705

mitKukurii, Sebaatodes 1831

miurus, Mystriophis 387

Notuiua 148

Ophichthys 387

Schilbeodes 148

Scytalichthys 387

Mixonus 2523

laticeps 2623

niixtus GaduB tomcodus 2540

Mnierpes 2364

niacroce])halus 2364

Mobula 91

mudeatn, Cheonda 234

Uambusia 093

Pinielotiella 154

modextiini, Uivmulon 1340

niodestiiH, Julis 1601

Oxyjulis 1001

Piiuelodus 154

Poniadasya 1321

Pseudojiilis 1601

Squaliub 234

Xy riclitliy 8 1619

Moibia 2510

promelas 2511

HKvrens, Gonopterus 1688

Moliarra 1373,1374

mohri, Cliuus 2438

Mojarra 1379

Almejero 1294

Blanca 1372

Cautilefia 1369

Cardenal 850

China 1377

deCasta 1372

de la Piedras 1081

do las Aletas Aniarillas . . . 1376

do Ley 1370

Dorada 028

Garabata 1353

Prieta 1299

Verde 1538

Mojarras 1360, 1373

Mojanitas 1307

Mojarron 1319

Mola 1753

aculeata 1754

mola 1763

nasus 1754

-y-

:ii'

'f !l

' !|

3036

Index.

t'' -J

-/

J4
a;*

Page.

Molii planci 1758.

retzii 1754

rotanda 1754

niola, Mola 1753

Orthagoriscns 1754

Tetrodon 1754

Mulacanthus 1753

Molarii 402

inolestum, Gobiosoraa 2258

MolidiB 1752

MolinsB 1752

moUe, Maria 1552

Mollienisia 698

fasciata 695

formosa 699

joneai 699

latipiima 700

lineolata 700

petenensis 700

mollis, AchiruA mollis 2702

Aphyonas 2525

Bothrocara 2476

Pleuronectes 2701

Molly, Hog 181,1026

Molva 2551

huntia 2551

linmei 2552

maculosa ■. 2551

roul va 2551

vulgaris 2552

molva, GaduB 2552

* Molva 2551

monacantba, Corrina 1419

MonacanthidiB 1712

Monacanthus 1714

amphioxys 1717

auriga 1716

broccus 1716

ciliatus 1714,1715

davidsoni 1715

iilameutosus 1716

gallinula 1716

hispiduH 1715

irroratus 1713

maciocerus 1713

massachusettonsis . . . 1716

nionoceros 1720

occidentalis 1715

oppositus 1716

X>ardalia 1713

parraianuB 1713

piraaca 1715

proboscideuB 1719

pullus 1713

punctatns 1713,1719

Bcriptas 1719

Page.

Monacanthus setifer 1716

signifer 1716

apUonotus 1716

stratus 1713

mppelii 1713

varins 1716

monacanthus, Plectropoma 1165

inonacus, Ceratichthys 318

HybopsiB 318

inouH), Stepbnnoberyx 836

mouapterygia, Pesca dorse 1833

Monda 899

monensis, SqualuB 49

inonLstichas, Salmo 509

Mongolar Driunmer 1406

Mongrel Buffalo 164

Whiteflsh 473

Mouiana 254,256,271

aurata '. 272

uomplanata 272

ceuchi 272

deliciosa 262

formosa 271

frigida 271

gibbosa 272

gracilis 272

jugalis 372

liEtabilis 272

leonina 272

nitida 265

proserpina 272

pulchella 272

rutila 272

tristis 272

Monkflsh ; 58,2713

monocerus, Ahitera 1720, 2860

Balistes 1719,1720

Monacanthus 1720

Monochir lineatus 2698

maculipinnis.. 2698

reticniatus 2696

Monocbirus 2694

monocirrus, Exocnetus 730

MonodactylinsB 1667

Monolene 2690

atrimaua 2692

sessilicauda 2691

Monomitra 2138

liparina 2139

monophthalmus, Auchenopterus... 2372

Crennobates 2372

Monoprion 1106

maculatus 1109

pigmentarins 1109

Monopterhinus 18

mouopterygiuB, ABpidophoroides 2001, 2002

Index.

3037

Page.
1716
1716
1716
1713
1713
1716
1165
318
318
836
1833
899
49
609
1406
161
473
!54,256,271
272
272
272
262
271
271
272
272
872
272
272
,... 265
272
272
272
272
. 68,2713
1720, 2860
1719, 1720
1720

2698
2696
2694
730
1667
2690
2692
2691
2138
2139
2372
2372
1106
1109
1109
18
2091,2002

Page,

monopterygins, Canthirliynohns.. 2092

CbiruH 188o

Cottus 2092

Hexagrammus 1800

Labrax 1866

I'leurogrammus . . . 1864

Monosira ntahli 1423

■nor atrosa, Chiinaira 91

montacnti, Cylopterrs 2108

inontagni, Liparia 2107, 2108

Montana Grayling 619, 2871

niontana, Gila 238

montanns, Clinoiitoraus 238

Hybopsis 317

Lenciscus 238

Sqnaliiis 338

Thymallua ontarlensis . 619

8i);uifer 519

tricolor 2871

Monterey Halibut 2625

Spaniab Mackerel 837

montezuma, Cichlasoma 1518

Heros 1518

inonticola, AgonoatouaB 810

D^jans 2841

Mngil 819

montiregis, Cliola 272

Moon-eye 413

Cisco 469

Moon-eyes 412

Mooniish 934,954

Moonflahea 935

Moorish Idol 1687

Mora, Cabr» 1152

Moray, Black 396

Common Spotted 395

Spotted 399

Morays 388,400

mordaz, Atherina 523

Conger 387

Crotalopsis 387

Engraulis 448

Gymnothoraz 396

Lycodontis 305

Macrodonopbis 387

Mnraeina 390

Osmerus 523

abbotti 524

apectrum 523

Sidera 396

MorenaPinta 402

Pintita 397

Prieta 2804

Verde 396

moribundns, Baliates 1702

MorinsB 2532

Page.

iiioringn, Lycodontis 39!)

Muni'iia...- 395

Sidera 395

mnringun, GymTiotborax 395

morio, Cuntrolopbun 963

Epinepheliis 1160

Serran iia 1160

morniyriiH, Cainpostoma 206

Morone 1133

ainuricana 1134, 1135

Havcscona 1024

interrupta 1134

lineata 1133

maciilata 1010

misaissippiensis 1 134

multilineata 1132

pallida 1135

rufa 1135

Moroniua' 1127

Moronopsis 1013

Morrhua 2540

legleflnus 2543

americana 2540, 2541

californica 2539

punctatua 2543

morrliua, Gadus 2541

morriHsi, Leptovephalus 3.54

Moaeleya 2570

cyclolepis 2570

raoseri, Verasper 2019

Mosabuiiker 433

motaguensis, Heros 1634

Pimelodus 151

Khanidia 161

Motella 2558

argentata 2559

caudacuta 2560

oimbria 2560

enais 2559

reinhardti 2569

septentrioualis 2560

Mother of Eela 2457

motta, Elacate 948

moucliarra, Glypbisodou 1562

Mountain Herring 463

Suckers 169,170

Moiiae-Fish 2715,2716

Mercstoma 185, 187

albidum 192

album 191

apisurum 190,196

aureoliini 192

austrinum 192

breviceps 196

bucco 190

campbelli 186

3038

Index.

y

4 *■

I

a

-.

fi

Page.

Moxostoiiiii cnrpio 100

corviniiin 197

vlaviformis 186

collaitHiini 100

(^oii|;<>8tiini 102

conns 106

coregonus 101

craHHilabre 104, 196

kniiiiorlyi ' 186

leHiieuri 194

inacrolepidotuin 1011

oblongum 186

oneida 103

papillosum 180

pidieiise 101

paiciliiniin 196

robuHtuiii 103

ruplscartea 106

teniie 186

thalaHginum 101

triaignatiiin 170

valuiK^iennesi 100

velatum 100

victoriiB 187

inncoBum, Xiphidion 2425

XiphiHtor 2425

mncoauH, Acanthooottiis 1975

Liparia 2111

Lycodalcpis 2470

Lycodes 2461

Keoliparis 2111

inucronata, Odoiitognathaa 438

I'erca 1135

mucronatum, Ophidium 2410

inucrona^ua, Giiathobolus 438

Labrax 1135

Neoconger 362

Odontognathus 438

Priatigaater 438

Mud Cat 142,143

Dabbler 640

Daba 2644

Miiinowa 622

Parrot 1630

Sunflah 980

Mudflah 113, 640, 1640

niudtiah, Fiindulua. 641

Miidflshea 623

MufBe-Jaw 1950

Mnger, Vieja 1630

Mugil 809

alatua 733

albula 812,2841

berlandinri 812

braailiensis 810, 814, 816

capitiiliiius 2841

Page.

Mugil cephalua 811

f.lianoa 415

rinuroua 1373

ourvma 813, 2841

equiiioculua 2841

gaiinardianua 814

gigaa 1483

gruiiiiiena 1483

guntlieri 812

boapea 814

incilia 813

irretitus 819

UtbraiK hua 811

Uneatua 812,2841

liza 811,2841

inexicnnua 813

nioiiticola 819

nigro-atrigatua 817

obi i(] una 1459

petroHUB 814, 2841

pluniieri 812,2841

proboacideua 816

' raiu uielabergii 812

aalinoiieua 415

aetoaua 815

taug 812

thoburni 813

trichodon 816

Mugilidie 808

Mugiliiiio 809

niugiloidea, Eleotris 2108

MugilomoruH 409

annacaroliua 410

muikias, Salmo 492

Mukauuot' tbe Ruaaiaua 464

inukaun, Salmo 4G4

mulled, Autigonia 1605

Bentboaema 574

Carobariaa 40

Maurolicua 577

Pempheria.... 978

Salroo 574

Scopelus.. 570,574

Mullet 192

Blue 191

Blue-back 813

Common 811

Fan-tail 810

French 813

Jumping 197

Red-eye 814

Suip-noHO 064

Stripiid 811

Whirligig 818

White 180,813

MuUetof Utah Lake .. 179

^Kmm

WKm

Index.

3039

PllgO.

Mullets 808

&[ullbypeuou8 858

maciilatiis 859

MullidJB 855

MuUoides 857,2843

tiavovitttttus 800

rathbuiii 857

Mulliis 85fl

auratUH 850,2843

barbatus anratus 850

iinberbis 1107

maoiilatim 85U

multifasciata, Adinia 6S1

Hydrargyra 045

Scia-na 1459

moltifasciatuB, Antbias 1220

Fiindiiliin 045

PronotograiiimuH .. 1220

maltifllia, BlenniuH 2385

Hypleiirochlliis 2386

iiiultigattatuB, Alphestes 1105

£piii(']>liela» 1160

Plectropoina 1160

multilineata, Morone 1 132

Trecilia 700

niultnineatum, Hicmulon 1304

raultiiuacnlatuB, Chromis 1547

DbMloii 1740

Heliascs 1547

Labrax 1132

inultiocellata, Marii;iia 308

multiocellatus, Antenuarius 2724

Cbirouectes 2725

multiradiatus, Ariua 133

Cubiceps 951

TacbysiiruB 132, 2788

mnltispinosnm, Cicblasoma 1525

multiBpinoBiis, Heros 1520

mnltistriatuB, Liparis lineatus 2118

Munimicbog 040

mundeoliiB, Stolephorus 28 12

mnndicepB, Kovauiila 1018

Xyrichtbys 1618

muDdicorpus, luiistiiis 1620

Novacula 1620

muudns, Dactylagnus 2304

Oligoplites 2844

UrolopbuB 81

Urotrygon 81

Miifieca 1674

MupintB 902

Murana 347,400

acuminata 377

afra 390

alusiB 403

anguina 390

Page.

Murtunn aqiiiB-dulclB 391

urfienteii 348

argUH 401,2805

at<trrin]a 390

balearica 350

boBtoiiionsiH 348

caBBJiii 350

catonata 403

clepttydra 2805

conger 354

conicopa 350

conspvrHa 397

ciibana : 348

dovii 397

elaborata 389

erebuB 390

havennensia 382

infernalis 390

inaularum 400

lentiginoaa 402

lineopinnia 396

lita 2805

lungicaiida 392

1 uuibricuH 342

macrocepbala 348

maculata nigra 895

mnculipinnis 394

mai'uloaa 382

melanatia 402

melauutia 401,402

meleagris 399

miliaria 398

mordax 890

moringa 395

multiocellata 308

nigra 355

nigricona 390

ocellata 309

opbis 382,2804

panamenaia 391

pfeifferi 2805

picta 2805

pinnata 351

pinta 402

plntlti 307

punctata 305

retifera 401

roatrata 348

aauctio-belentB 397

aangiiineii 390

aavanna 360

serpentina 348

sen conger brasilienaia 403

sidera 2805

Bordida 403

variegata 2805

■;',;s

Iti I

3040

Index.

Pago.

MuriBna viciiia 304

muroiDa, Call«;obolyH 378

MunnneHocidii! 358

MiirSBDeHorina' 358

Mut jnesox 35U

coniveps 28U1

eavaima 360

Murroiildro 345,388

M uricnoblenna 7, 403

uectura 404

MiinBiioidDS 24 1 4

(lulichogastor 2417

fftsciatiia 2418

gnmaiifomils 2421

giinnelliiH 2419

guttatiiH 2419

maxillaris 2418

omatua 2420

sujef 2419

tronia 2418

mnrsBtioidos, BleniiiuB 2419

GunnelluH 2418

MuricnopliiB 381,383,400

oarnnuira 395

cat<;nnla 403

curvilineata 395

marmoreua 391

ouelletuB 384

paiitlierina 2805

punctata .'(97

triaerialis 384

utidulata 403

vicina 394

Murci^lago 2183

muricatua, Orbia 1749, 1750

muri&ua, Apomotis 996

Calliurua 996

inuroadsi, Caranx 908

mnrrayi, Ipnopa 547

LiocetiiB 2733

Melanocetua 2734

Mnscalonge 629

muacarum, Rimicola 2338

inuaoulua, Cyclopterua i;i 18

Muakallnnge '29

Mnaquaw River Whiteflah 466

Muatela 2558

Muatellua atellatna 29

Muatelua 28, 2745

aateriaa 29

californicua 30

canis 29

dorsaliii 30

felis 31

lunulatna 28

pleliejua 29

vulgaria 29

I'age.

ni iitntnin, BolooHonia i u57

iiiiiticiia, L(!tlii)tr«'iiiu8 2101

M iitton-iiah i;i76, lueS, 2467

Mycteroperca 1109,1171,1183

bonaoi 1174

xaiitlinatiuta.. 1176

bouloiigerl 1171,2850

cnlliiira nso, 2850

diiiiidiata II71)

falcata ]184

phcnax 1185

bopkiimi 2855

liilorHtitialia 1178

.jordaiil 117C

luicrolupia • H77

olfax 1183

ruberrima 1183

pardulia 118I

reticulata 1187

roaacea . . 1184

rubor 1180

acireiiga 118I

tigria 1187

camelopurdalia. 1187

venadornni 1180

venenoaa 1172

apua 117.3,1174

guttata 1174

xenarcha 1180

MyctophidiB 550

My ctopbum 569

afflne 570

benoiti 573

boopa 572

bracliycbir 556

californieiise 572

crenulare 575

glaciale 574

gracile 572

hiaiia 572

huinboldti 571

bygoiiili 673

laeerta 560

( Stenobrachiua ) 1 e u -

copniir uni 562

niexicnnum 563

iianuocbir 562

nocturuum 568

opaliiium 571

procellarum 575

protoculua 565

punctatum 570

regnle 563

reniiger 573

towDRondi 558

Mycto]iliu8 raflneaquei 567

Index.

3041

I'age.

lOfi"
2101
]5,2457 m^
71,1183
1174
1170
71, 2850
'80, 2850
117»
1184
1185
2855
1178
1176
• 1177
1183
1183
1181
1187
1184
1180
1181
1187
9. 1187
1180
1172
1173, 1174
1174
1180
(.. 550

560
570
673
572
550
572
575
574
572
572
571
673
560

562

563

562

568

571

575

565

570

563

673

558

567

I'llKt'.

mydrus, Cypiinodon 676

MykiHB 492, 2H18

inykiaH, Knliiio 487, 402, 2818

ngutilMtnita 5U4

boiivirri 400

giblmii 40:i

heiialiawi 403

lewisi 493

iimcilonalili '.. 497

plourit icuH 490

Bpihirim 4U5

stomina 497

virginalia 493

Myliobalidn' 87

Miliolnitinn! 27.53

MyliobatiM 89, 2750

acuta 89

aHperrinius 2754

bispinoHuH 89

califorui(Ui!) 89. 2754

eeltenkee H8

freminvillei 89

goodei 2755

sayi 80

Mylmlmiliis 219

caurinus 219,220

f raterciilus 220

lateralis 220

Myloleiicns 243, 244, 2798

parovaiius 246

pnlveriilentus 246

thalassiDiiB . . 245

Mylo]ibai'odon 218

conoceplialus 210

robu8tu8 219

MylopharodontiniD 202

Mylorliina 90

myopH, Salmo 533

Saurns 533

Synodus 533

Trachinocopluilua 533

Myoxocepbalns 1970, 1971, 1976

aenens 1972

axillaris 1080,1981

brandti 1984

bubaliH 1971

gratulandicus 1974

jaok 1977

mednius 1983

niger 1985

nivosus 1984

octodecimspinosua. 1970
polyacaotboce p b a -

lus 1076

Bcorpioides 1973

Bcorpias 1974

I'aue.

MyoxocnpbaliiM HtoUeri 1981

vdiTiicoBim 1079

Myridil bys 376

actnniiiatiia 370

iM'iilatUH 370

]iaiitoHti};niiuH 2802

ti-jriniia 370,2802

xyatnrua 2802

Myrida^ 37(>

My riolepiH 1 862

zoiiifer 1863

Myriosteon 60

Myripristia 846

clarionenaia 2842

fulgeua 846

jacobuB 846

lychnuB 847

occidentalia 847

piTicilopna 847

traobyiKima 846

Myropliis 371

(■ginontis 371

longicollia 371

liimbricua . 371

microatigniiiiB 371

punctatiis 371

vafer 372

inyBtacalis, Leponiia lUOl

iiiyatacina, Gnatbypops 2286

iiiystacinus, Epinepbulua 1151

. Gnatbypops 2286

Schistoriia 1151

Serranua 1151

MyBtaconurns . 2580

myatea, Scorpama 1849

myBticctus, Cetengraulia 450

Eugraulia 450

myatinus, Sebastichtbya 1785

Sebastodes 1784, 1785

Mystriophia 380

iiitertiiictua 386

minruB 387

MystuB 116

aacita 156

carolinenais 117

Mytilopbagua 1.503

faaciatuB 1504

Myxine 7

glutinoaa 7

limosa 8

M y X i n i diB 7

My xodagnua ?.305

opercularis 2305

Myxodes olegans 2353

Ingubris 2357

macropua 2357

3042

Index.

Pago.

Myxodes varius 2357

versicolor 2359

Myxostoiua aiistrinti 1U2

eurjops 19:»

poirilura 19(5

Myxus barenguB 8!8

Myzopsbtta 2G44

ferrugiuea 2d45

Naccaysh 413

iiachtriebi, LeuciHviis 2798

nacrea, Gila 228

Naked Gobies 2257

Goby 2259

nalnal, SparactodoD 947

Namavcush 504

Salmon 5U5

naiuaycush, C'risti vomer 504

BisL'owet.. 505

Salvelinus 505

siscowot 505

Naunobrachiuiu 561

leucopsarunt 562

macdoualdi 563

mexicaniim 563

nannochir 562

regale 563

nannochir, Myctcpliiira 562

Naniiobracliiuui 562

uanomy/.on, Catostomus 177

Nanoatoma 1006, 1067, 1070

caiimrns 1076

eleganfl 1075

inscriptuni 1072

vinctipes 1075

zonale 1075

Nansenia 528

grwulaudica 528

nanus, Kngraulis 449

Narcaciou 77

Narciiiti 78

brasilieusis 78, 2752

uoralliua 78

entemedor 2752

nigra 78

iirabrosa 78

NarcobatidsB 76

NarcobatuB 77

naresi, Salmo 515

Salvelinus 515

oiliiassa 515

narinari, Aetobatus 88

Kaiu 88

rtoasadon 88

naso, fitoU'phorus 2813

Nassau Grouper 1157

Page.

nasus, Acanthonotus 615

Diplanchias 1754

Menticirrhiis 1472, 147;f

Mola 1754

Notauanthus 615

Squalus 49

ITmbrina 1473

iiasuta, Malthtea 2737

uasutiim, Agonostoiiia 820

(Jampostoiiia 206

uasutus, AgonostoniUH 819, 2841

Argyreus 306

LeiK'.iscus 306

Ogc.ocepbalus 2737

Kbinicbtbys 306

Trachynotus 941

natalis, Amoiurus I!i9

analis 140

Piiiielodus 140

Naiicleriis abbreviatus 900

annularis 900

bracljyceutrus 900

compressus 900

leuciirus 900

triacantbtis »00

nau(Tateoide8, Ec-heneis 2270

Lepteebeneis 2270

Naucrates 900

cyanophrys 900

diictor 900

faufarns 900

indicus 900

noveboracensis 900

serratus 900

naucrates, Kcheueis 2269

Leptecbeneis 2269

naufragiinn, Balistes 1700,1701

NauticLtbys 2020

oculciasciatus 2020, 2021

pribilovius 2020

Nautiscus 2010

pribilovius 2019

uantopn-diuni, Poricbtbys 2323

navaga, £Ieginus 2537

Nuvantbus 95C

Nealotus 881

tripes 881

neapolitanuH, Lanipugus 953

nebrascensis, Nucouiis 323

Nebris 1410

niicrops 1417

zestus 1417

nitbularis, Platopbrys 2604

uebulifer, Catostomus 171

Ubroinis 152J

Labrux 11U5

Index.

3043

Page.

nebiilifer, Ppralabrax 1195, 1196

3erriiiiu8 1 190

nebuliferum, CichliiHoma 1524

uebuliferiis, Catustoinus 171

uebulosa, Aphoristia 2712

Cerna 1181

Perciiia 1027

Pilooiua 1027

Umbrina - 1475

nebalosuio, Giiiinellus 2414

uebuloBUH, Acautbolebiua 1872

Ameiurus 140

catulus 14'

nianuoratus ■ 141

Apionichtliys 2703

Centronottia 2414

Cestreus 1400

Chiropsis 1872

Chirus 18?;:

Cliniis 2438

C.vno8(non 1409

Enedrias 2414

Gasterosteus 746

LywKles 2468

Mouticirrhua 1475

0t<>lithii8 1409

Pimelodiis 140

Sebastodes 1826

Siliirus 143

Synipuiiras 2712

Urolophns 80,2752

Nector 1436

neutura, Gyninomura>na 404

Miirsi'iiobleuiia 404

necturas, Uropterygius - . . 404

NeedletiJj 714

NefdleHshes 708

Neetroplus 1541

neinatopim 1541

nicaraguensia 1542

nofaatua, Poiiiotia *. 1003

ueglecta, Clupea 434

Corvina ( Ainbludon) 1484

neglectuB, Amblodou 1484

Nogra, Boca 1837

Eaineralda ?204

Ni>gre 1160

Petite 1142

Negro, Barbero 1692

Pargo 1252

Negro-flMli 1 146

uegromaciilatua, Kbypticiia 1233

uelaoiii, A waoiis 2235

Gobiiia 2J35

nelaonii. Coregonna 406

Neiuatl8tiidu> 894

Page.

Neinatiatiiia • 895

pcctoralia 895

Xematogniithi 114

Keiautonurua 2571

cyclolepis 2571

goodei 2571

Maorurus luagnua . . . 2574
81" "lorbit-
alia ... 2572,2573

Neiuatonua 2518

pectoralia 2518

nematophthaluiua, Scorpieua 2861

Sebaates 2861

nomatopuH, Neetropliia J 541

I'bysiciilus 2548

Xeniatoatoaia 774

Neniiciithyidiu 366

T>7»juiicbtbya 369

avocetta 369

iufaiis 368

acolopacua 369

sc'olopucuus 369

Nemipterua 1288

luacrouemua 1289

Nemobraina 854

N'eniocarnpaia 1010

iinoborucciisia, Fiatularia 757

NeobytLitea 2512

gillii 2513

raagiuatua 2513

oc«'llatu8 2513

robuatus 2515

atilliferoidea 2516

Keocliuua 2354

birtiicbardi 2354

aatiricus 2355

Neocouger 362

luiicronatua 362

perloiigiis 363

venuitbriiiia 362

Neoditrenia 151 1

raiiHonnetii 1511

neogicus, LeuoiHcua 240

Plioxiuua ?41

iieogiiinaica, Albula 412

iieiiliantoiiieuaia, Coregouua 466

Neoliparis 2106

atlanticua 2107

callyodon 2110

flaaiiratua 2113

floraj 2111

greeni 2112

IIIUC0KII8 .. 2111

riittori 2108

NeomujiiiH 1247,1248 1251

aiiibigiiua 1271

•^

3044

Index.

H ■

Page.

Neomtenis analls 1265

apodua 1258

arat iiH - - - 1273

argeiitiventris 1260

aya 1264

brachy i)terus 1268

buccaiiolla 1261

Colorado 1267

cyauoptei'ua 1254

griseus 1255

gnttatns . 1269

Lastingsi 2858

jocii 1257

jordani 1251

lutjauoidea 1261

luahogoni 1272

iiovemfasciatus 1252

aynagris 1270

vivaniia l'-''i2, 2858

Neomura;na 392

iiigroniargiuata 400

Neoaebastes 1839

Neostonia 581

bathyphiliiin 583

Neozojirees 2426

pulcher 2426

iiepliehis, Lepoiiiotis 1005

Tetrodon 1733

tiugifliis 1733

iierka, Oncorliyuohus 481

keiiiierlyi.-. 483

Salino 483

XtTophis 774

aiiguiDona 774

heckftli 774

m.aciilata 774

niartinicnnsia 774

iiertinianua, At^ipenaer 106

Ncafia 818

Nettastoina proceruiii 366

Nettitatomidii' 3fi4

Netuma 119,12(1, 1 '.'6, 2764, 2766

dubia 126, 2765

elattura 128, 2760

grandicasaia 126. 2764

inaculpla 127.2765

iiiBiilariiiii 2770

k«'Baleri 127, 2765

osc Ilia 127, 276«

planicepa 127, 2766

platypogon 127, 2767

proopa 124

qiiadrisi'utis 126

Htrictitassis 126, 2765

iieurrntt'8. Kcliriii'la 2269

iieustrianuH, Uaaturoateua 747

Page.

nevadenais, Agosia 310

Cyprinodon 674

Rliinichthys (Apocope) 311

neviaenae, Etbeoatoma 1034

iieviaenaia, Alvordiua 1034

uewberryi, Euoyclogobiua 2248

Fario , 499

GobiuB 2248

~ Lepidogobius 2248

New England Hake 2530

New Light 987

newinani, Hyoatoma 1053

New York Smelt 468

Nexilariiia , 1559

concolor 1559

niangaiB, Etbeoatoma (Hadrop-

lerna) 1043

Etbeoatoma apilotum 1044

Hypobomiia 1042

nicaragnensia, Carcbarhinns 39, 2747

Eiilamia 39

Gambusia 682

HeroB 1532

Neetroplua i .'< 42

PinieloduB i'..

Kbaindia 152

nioholai, HalicbmreB 1592

Iridio 1591

PlatygloaBua 1592

nicliulaii, (iobina 2218

iiieiibotii, Eclieuoia 2272

uigellua, Hyborbyncbua 217

niger, Agonus 2069

Amblodon 169

Aninioc(£teB 14

AapidorpboruB 2069

AatroneatheB 586

Haliates 1711

Unbalicbthys 164

Centrolopbas 90:i

Cbiaaraodon 2291

Chiaamodus 2292

Conger 355

Cottiia 1983,1986

Ebox 620

Liniviscna 235

Malacoateus 59:'.

MyoxocepbiluB 1985

Perca 963

Scomber 94X

Spams 960

Squalius 2o5

Tantoga 1577

Tbyiaitea 879

Ziiia .. 936

Nigger Chub 327

^„ ";3sea^^iyi^;=*:^-"

Index.

3045

Page.

Nigger Dick 327

Nigger-fl8h 1144,1140

nigra, Balistes 1711

Elacate 048

Gila 235

Mura^ua 1155

maculata :tU5

Karcine 78

nigrescens, Centro])oniu8 1119

CoryphiEDa 1200

Gycleptus 169

ExogloHBiim 327

LeiiciHcna 233

Pimelodns 137

Salmo 507

Serrannp 1200

Squalius 234

Tigoma 234

nigricans, Acantliuras 1692

Batliylaco 540

Caniarina 1382

Catostuniiis 181

etowanns 181

Ceutrcpristes 1200

Cottiia 1973

Cypselu'-HS 2830

Euchelycore 38'.>

Entoniacro<lu8 2399

£xoc(utu8 737

Girella 1382

Huro 1012

Hylomyzon 181

Hypoplectriis unicolor.. 1]93

IctaluruH 137

l8tioi>horu8 891

Labiax 1135

Makaira 891

Muni'ua 390

Petromj'zon 10

PinifloduB 137

Plectropoma 1193

n!griciilu8, SSeriauus 1153

Acronurus 1693

11 ■ -ilabi'is, Auieiurus 142

Amiiirus 142

(•rnniiiH 142

uigripinnia, Ar^yroHomus 472

Aucheiio|iteru8 2369

Katliyagonus 20VK

Oliuus 2370

Cor«g(>nii8 472

Cotylis 2332

GobicHo X 2332

Minnilii8 299

RbypticuH 1234

Rypticiis 1234

Page.

nigrirostris, Chirtodon 1673,1074

Sarothrodus 1074

nijL;rita, (Jiirnipa 1161

nigrihiH, Einncphelus 1162

Serrainis 1161

ui<;rocn8taneu8, Gyninotborax 390

nigrocinctiiH, Sebastes 1828

Sebasticbthys 1828

Sebastodes 1827

nigrot'asciaiii, Hydrargyra 641

iiigrotiisciiitum, Cicblusouia 1525

Etluostoma 1039

nigrol'asciatiis, Fuiidiiliis 641

Hadropterus 1038

HeroM 1525

nifirolinoatus. Diodou 1749

XiiKroiuuculatiis, Csiutharus 987

uigroiiiamiH, I'lenronectea 2057

nigroinargiuata, Neoniura'na 400

Sidera 400

uigruniiir^inatus, U y ni n o t h o r a x

ocellatu-s 400

Lycodontis ocel-

latus 399

iiigropunctata.Perca (Pomacampsia) 1021

iiigrostrigatim, Mugil 817

nij;rota'niata,('liola 2(i4

Ilybognatbus 214

nigrota'niatns, Uraodua 204

Notropia 204

nigriini, Boleoaonia 1056

ettiilgeiia 1058

maciilaticcpa .. . 1058

iiit'aii'iini 1059

olnislcdi 1057

Etheoatonia 1U57

vexillaro 10.58

Pelroniyzon 14

Nini'-spined Stickleback 745

uiphoblea, Epinephelua 2853

Spariaoma 1033

Nisauee Trout .503

nitciiB, Ciuigcrimira'iia 357

()l>lii8iiina 357

nitida, Julia 1608

Mouiana 265

Poniotia 1003

iiitidiaaiiiia, Julia 1008

iiilidiaainunn, Tlialaasoma 2859

iiitidisHiiuua, Cbloricbtbya 1608

iiitiduni, Priatipiiina (Iln'mulopaia) . 1320

TlialaasDina 1608, 2859

iiiiidiis, Alburniis 293

Ualialcs 1709

Iiriich.\dciiterii8 1326

Cbloricbtliy a ... 1608

mM

mm !

3046

Index.

I;,

«

Nj i !

/'■ i:

M f Ifi

Page.

nitidus, Leiiciscus 221

PoinadaHis 1326

Piomoxis 987

Salino 509

Salvclinus 509

nivalis, Salmo alpiiiua 509

iiivca, Cliola 278

iiiveatUB, Epinepheliis 1156

Microspathodon 1567

Fomaceiitrus 1568

Serranus 1156

niveiventris, Amiurus 11(8

Ictaluriis 138

niveus, Hybopsis 278

Notropis 277

cbloristiiis 278

Photogenis 278

Nivico'.a 1066, 108?

nivipes, Emblemaria 2402

nivosus, Cottus 1985

Myoxoceplialus 1084

Sebastes 1834

Sebastodes 1833

nobilior, Esox .. 629

nobilis, AtractoHcion 1413

Cestreus 1413

Coiiodon 1324

Cy noscion 1413

V.»ox 629

Clambusia 682

(iryntes 1012

Heterandriii 682

JobinuB 1413

Perca 1324

Noconii» 314,315,322

amblops 321

bellicuB 323

hyustomus 316

milneri 324

nebrasceusis 323

rubrifrons 320

nocomis, Notropis 268

nootui-na, Collettia 567

Echidna 402

nocturuus, Noturnus 146

PcccilophiH 403

Schilbeodt's 146

Noire, Oreille 1261

no Mai, Yaiiagi 1830

Konieido) 948

Nompinui 949

Nomeus 949

groiiovii 949

iiiaculntUH 050

iiiac.iiloHUH 950

oxy urns 950

Pago.

normalis, Bassozetns 2507

N ortbern Barracuda 825

Striped Gurnard 2167

Sucker 170

Wbiting 1475

Nortb-Kiver Shad 427

norvegica, Perca 1761

norvegicus, Corypbajnoidea 2579

Lejiidoleprus 2579

Sebastea 1761

norwegianuH, .Sijualus 57

uorwcgica, Perca 1761

No-abee Trout 503

iio.stra8, Liparis 2118

notabilia, Argy reua 309

Notacantbino) 613

Notacantbua ■. 614

analis 615

challengeri 618

cheiiiuitzii 614

naauH 615

phasganonis 616

riaaoanuH 618

rostratus 617

Notariua 119,2764

notata, AMierina 800

Atberinicbtbys 800

Helone 7ii

Cliola 274

Cyprinella 274

Doroaoma 410

Lepomia loi 1

Maltbica 2737

Megal()]>s 432

Menidia 800

menidia 2H4()

Perca 1024

notatuni, EtheoHtoiiia 1070

Hiviiiiilou 1297

Priatiponia i;t2l

uotatus, iialiatea noii

F'liiidulus 6,');i

Hyborbyncbua 218

Labrax ii;t2

Lepomib lOllK

Minnilns 21K

NotrojjiH 274

Piinelodiia ISfi

Piinepbalea 21 K

Pomotia loos

Porichtbya 2321

Seniotilua 6.'ii»

Tybiaurua 710,711

ZygoncctoH C.V.i

iioteinigoiioidca, Notropis 2'J'-'

Noteiiiigonus 249, 2S(i

Index.

3047

ago.
2507
825
21«7
176
1475
427
1761
2579
2579
1761
57
1761

5o:t

2118
309
613
614
615
618
614
615
616
618
617
119,2764
800
800
711
274
274
410
1011
2737
432
800

Page.
251
250
250
251
251
250
290
247
380
380
Nothonotus 1066,1067,1076

NotemigonuH ainoricaniiH . . .

aurii tus

(•lirysoleiicus.

gardoueus

isclianua

leptosomiis . . .

lucidiia

occiileiitaliit ..

tiotliochir, OpUiclitbys

Quassiremiis.

cmereus

inscriptus ...

jordani

iDUcnlatus ...
nifllineatas..
sanguilluim . .
teasellatus...
thalasainiim .
vulneratus...

not li U8, Cestreiia

Gynoscion

Otolithus

Notidanoid Sharks

Xotidaims

griseus

Notistiuiu

Notocantliida!

Notoglanis ,

Notogrammua —

rotbrotki..

Notorhy iiclins

borealis . . .
niaciilatiis .

Notoscopelus

caataneriH...

caudispinoans .
iiiargf.ri tiler.,
quercinus

Xotosema

1078

1072

1080

1077

1079

1077

1078

1072

1077

1407

1406

1407

16

18

19

890

613

149

2439

2440

17

18

17

554

556

556

5.55

555

2635

2636

2635

1899

1603

1603

dilecta

dilectum

notospilotns, Astrolj'tes

Jnlidio

Fseudojnlis

Notropis 254, 257-258, 200

fvneolus 266

alabatniu 298

albeoliis 259,283

aitipinnis 287

amabalis 291

aiuffinua 296

analostaniia 279

anogoniia 259, 260

arge 294

ariommua 290

Page.

Notropis atberinoidua 254, 293

azteciis 258

bellii.«i 297

bifreuatus 258

bleiiniiis 2Cl, 2800

boops 268

bray toiii 264

bubalinua 273

buchaiiani 2800

Civriiloiia 277

callisema 272

callistiiis 276

canmniH 279

cayiiga 260,2799

iitrocaudalia .

(■eraninns

cerco.stigina

cbalybu'iis

chanilxTlaiui

cbibuahiiii

chiliticus ,

cblorocepluiIiiH

chroaoinua

coccogenis

comutiia

cyaneua ..

frontalis . .

260
283
274
288
2800
205
287
286
288
284
281
283
283
dilectua 294, 28nl

euryatoinna.
foriiiOHiiH . . .

froteualH

frigidua

funieus

galactiiriia..

garniani

germamiH ..

gilberti

beterodon ..
hoteorlepia .
hudaonius . .

277
271
261
271
294
279
281
261
266
261
260
269
270
270
selene 269, 2801

amariia

HaludanuH .

hypselopterua
illecebroaiia ..

JejUHUH

jordaui

kanawlia

lacert08U8 ....

latei'alia

leuciodus

lirus

longiro.striH . . .

louiaianu'

IiidibiiiiduH ...

, 280

268

290

2.59

, 264

284

263

291

297

267

2801

273

lutipinuia 280,2800

II',,- '; '•!«;.

m

lit

i

3048

Index.

i I

11 1

Pat;e.

Notropis lutrenniH 271

ly thnirus 300

luacdoiialil i 284

macrolcgiidotiiH 299

iiiacro8tonm.s 274

inaciilatiiH 259 !

iiiatutiiiU8 :!0l

inegalops albeoliiii 284

metallicus 297

microi>teryx " 29(5

nigrota^niiitus 264

ni veils 277

cliloristius 278

nocomis 268

notatns 274

iiotmnigonuides 292

imx 267

orca 289

ornatus 270

o/.arcanaa 265

pheuucobiua 263

photogeniH 295, 296

piptolepis 266

procne 264

])roHerpina 272

l)yrrlioiii«las 280

I'eticiilatus 262

ruseipinnis 298

roseus 237

rubricroceus 286

rubrifrons — 295

sabinuj 262

Mcabriceps 290

scept icuB 296

scoplter 291

scylla 263

shiimardi 268

HimiiH 267

socius 292

spectrunculus 265

atigmaturuB 275

stilbius 293

Hwaini 290

tele8coi)U8 292

arcaiittanus 292

tuxauus 274

topeka 266

trichroiHtius 275

umbratilis 298

ardetiH 301

atripes 300

cyanoccphaliiH 300

fasciolaris 301

lythriirus 300

matutiuus 301

punctulatus.. . 301

Page.

Notropis umbratilis umbratilis 299

umbrifer 274

venustus 274, 275

volucelliis 263

welalia 2799

wbipplii 278

xmnocephalus 289

xiBuurus 280

zoiiatua 285

zonistius 277, 285

nottii, Fuuduliis 656

Zygoiiectes 657

Not urus 143

elassochir 147

eleiitheruB 148,149

exilis 14"

liavns 144

funebris 147

furiosiis 149

gilberti 148

gyriiius 140

insignia 147

leptacanthus Ufi

luteus 144

margiuatus 147

miurus 148

no(;turuus 146

occideutalis 144

platycepbalus . . .*. 144

sialis ]4()

Novacula 1617

crorulea 1653

cultrata I61ii

li neata 1619

uiartinieensis 1617

uiundiceps 1618

mundicorpus 1620

uovacula, CoryphcEna leiit

Xyrichthys 161!)

Novaciilicbtbys I6i;t

inflrmus ICKl

martinicensis KilO

rosipes 1614

ventralis 1615

novaj-anglia), Coregoiius 465

novirorlcaiiensis, Aiiguilk 348

nova'terrie, Angiiilla 318

uoveboracensis, Exoc(fitus 735. 73i'>

Naucratos Oiio

V^omer 934

novemfasciatiis, Lutianiis 1253

Kooraiunis 1252

novemlineatns, Cbasniodes 239:i

i'bolis 239:i

iiovcmmaciilatus, Diudou 1746

novemradiata. Agusia 312

Hfli^^KEI

w-

Index.

3049

Pago.

nox, Anchenopterus 2373

Cremiiobntes 2374

nubila, Agosia 212,311

cari'ingtouii 311

Apwopo 311

Cliola 215

Hybognatlius 215

uubiliis, Alburnops 215

Argyreus 311

Centroblennius 2438

Coratichtliys 312

LeptobleuniuB 2438

Luinpeiins 2438

StichtiMis 2438

uuchalis, Ailuricbthya 117

Arius 131

CbaiioH 415

Hybogiintbus 213

Pseudoacarus 1654

Scaius 1654

Taohlsurus 131

Tachysurus 131, 2782

uucbifllis, Blenn iu8 2383

nnobipiunls, Clinus 2362

Labrisoiuiis 2362

iiuda, Colylis 2331

nndus, Cyclopterus 2336

Gobiesox 2331

Lepado^aster 2331

nuecensis, Dioplites treciilii 1012

Grj'ates 1012

nugator, Bryoatoiunia 2410

Numbflsb 77

nummifer, Carpiodea 166

Salnio 608

Nurae 57

Nurse Sbark 25,26

nuttalli, Ex<)c(«tua 737

nuttingii, Anteiuiarius 2723

Chaiinax 1726, 2727

nux, Notropis 267

Nyctopbua 569

obesa, Alganaea 246

Tigoiiia 233

obeaiia, Ainiurua 141

Apuinotia 903

Echinorbiniia 85

Ennoacautlma <,)9 1

Leiieiacus 246, 282

Leiicoa 246

Pomotis 003

Squaliua 233

obeyense, Etbeostonia 1002

oblariua, Gaatcrosteua 750

obliqua, Scirona 1459

Dblitoratua, Aliitariua 1720

3030 114

Page,

obliquatna, Cnatreua 1405

Cynoacion 1405

Viabaaia 1304

OtoliUiua 1405

obli(|UiiH, Mugil 1459

obloiiga, Ch(L>nopsetta 2633

Plateaaa 2630

obloiigidr, Piinelepterua 1388

obloiigiuaculus, Balistes 1720

obloiigQ, Corpore glabro 2657

obloiigum, Moxustoma 186

ublougua, Cyitriniia 186

Eriniyzon aiicetta 186

Gobiaa 2264

Heroa 1535

Ortbagoriscua 1756

Oatracion catbeloplateo.. 1728

conico 1745

glaber 1735

bolacautbua . . . 1746

Paraliclitby 8 2632

Pleuroiiectes 2633

Paeudorboiiibua 2630

Sebaat«!8 1830

Sebastodea 1830

Spams 2276

obscura, Liopsetta 2651

obscuriitua, Gymnotborax 389

L yi'odontia 389

I'omaceutnis 1552, 1555

obKcnrua, Careharbiuua 35

Carcbarias.. 35

Centrarchus 1012

PliMironectes 2651

Pomotis 1006

Sqiialiia 35

obtuaa, Labnia capite 1609

Opbiaoma 355

Raia 2751

obtuairostris, Acipenaer 106

ExoccB^ua 730

UalocypaeluB 730

obtuauiu, HiPtnulon 1319

ubtUHua, Pseiuloscarus 1654

Khinicb thy a 308

Soariia 1654

Sqiialua 39

ob volatua, Prionodon 35

0«!ca 2043

dodeca<'dron 2044

verru cosa 2043

ocoa, Ca'loibyiichua 2587

Macnirua 2588

Pristis 61

occldentftlia, Abramia 247

Amia 113

■■■':mM

.» ii.

<%

/

Hi. €^

mi If

p

i'l

3050

Index.

178

898

355

1112

745

689

089

247

247

247

2570

1715

847

247

144

898

899

77

77

1854

774

1693

1706

868

:t55

2379

2230

2230

307

2630

Funclulus 642, 2827

occiden talis, Catontomng

Cliurineiiiiit

CoiiKer

Epigotiiis

Gastcrosteua

Girardinus

Heternndria

LeiicoHoraua

Luxilinns

Luxiliis

Malarocephalus
Monacantlius.. -

Myriprisris

Noteniigonus . ■ ■

Notunis .

Oligoplites

Scombroides

Teti'oiiarce

Torpedo

occipitalis, ScorpiL-na

Ocean Pipefish

Tang

Turbot

Oceanic Bonito

ocejiuica, Auguilla

oceanicus, Blennius

Gobionellus

Gobius ,

ocella, Rhinir'ithj's

ocellaris, Clirouopsetta

Platessa

PsiMulorhombus .
ocellata, BoUinannia

Corvina

Munvna :..

Porca

Raia

Raja ,

Sciu'na

Sldera

ocellatiini, Ophidiiini

ocellatus, Acantliocottus . .

2630

2630

2238

1454 !

399

1454

69

68

1454

399

2430

1976

Anarrhichtliys 2448

Auteniiarius 2721

CliiLMiopsis 2403

Chii'todon 1674

Citliarichthys 2673

Clinus 2357

Gymnothorax 399

nigroinar-

ginatua . 400

Haxicola . . . 309

HemirhonibHs 2673

Hei petoichtbys 384

Ui]ipogl(iHsnH 2073

Page.

ocellatus, Johnius 1454

LopUius 2722

LycoiIontiH 399

nigroniargina-

tus 399

saxicola 390

Malacocteniis 2356, 28C9

MununopliiH 384

Neobytliites 2513

Ophicbthus 383

Opbichthys 384

Opistbucentrus 2429

Platopbry 8 2663

Priodonojjbis 309

Rboniboidichthys 2664

Rhombus 2664

Scia;nop8 1453

Ztnopsia 1660

Zeus 1661

ocollicauda, Amia 113

ocellifer, Clinus 2353

octodocinispiuoBUs, Cottus 1976

Myoxocephalns 1970

octofilis, Polynemus 830

Tricbidion 830

Octogramuius 1866

pallasi 1870

octogrammus, Cbirus 1870

Hexagrainniott 18G9

Labrax 1870

octonenius, Polydactylus 830

Polynemus 830

Tricbidion 830

oculata, Sebastes 1832

Squatina 50

oculatuB, Antbias 1283

Balistes 1707

Bryttus 1004

Centropristis 1283

Etelis 128'J

Hesperantbias 1283

Icelinus 1895

Latobrus 1115

LepidosteuH Ill

Lumiicnus 2433

Macrops 1283

Myricbtbys 370

Pisoodonopbis 376

Orthragoriscus 1754

Scon)brop8 1114

Sobastodes 183L'

Serranns 12811

oculocirris, Enibleniaria 2403

oculofasciatus, Blejisiaa 2021

Nauticblhyis 2020, 2021

ocnloradiato, Turdus 1591

Index.

3051

Page.

ociilo, Tnrtliis ra«liato 1703

Ocyauthias 1227

inartiniceiiais 1228

OcyuruB 1275

niirovittatus 1270

clirysurus 1275

liitijauoides 1261

riJj^erHiniBi 1276

ocyiirua, Centr()))riHte8 1200

Kyphoaus 1390

Piinelepterus 1390

Seotator 1389

Serranus 1201

Odontanthias UHperilingiiis 1227

luartinicensia 1228

Odontapsis 46

americanua 47

Odontognatbua 437

inucronata 438

mncronatns 438

panamenaia 438

Odontogobiua 2210

Odontopyxis 2085

fronatua 2075

leptorhjrnchua 2076

trispinoaua 2085

triapinouB 2086

Odoiitoacion 1425

dentex 1425

xanthopa 1427

Odoutoaciuin archldiuin 1432

Oilontoatoinidiv .' 597

cBrstedii. Selene 935

Tetragonopterua 334

ogac, Gadiia 2542

ogat, Gadua 2542

OgcocephalidiB 2735, 2739

Ogcocepbalua 2736

elater 2739

naautua 2737

radiatua 2738

vespert.ilio 2737

Ogilbia 2502

cayoruni 2503

vontralia 2503

oglina, Megalops 432

ogliniiin, Opiatlionema 432

Oguicbodea 2263

ohieusia, Acipeimer 106

Esox 630

Luciiia niaaquinongy 629

Oblo Sturgeon 106

obioenaia, f'icbla 1012

Oil Fiab S^O

Sbaik »2

Oja, Pego 2699

Ojanco

o, januo, Lutjanua

Meaoprion

okeocbobeeuaia, Anieiurua

Ictaliinia .

Old Wench

Page.
1272
1273
1273
139
139
1703

Wife 940, 1458, 1649, 1703

mack 1711

olfax, Kpiiu'pbeliia 1183

^ilycteroperi'a 1183

ruberrinia 1183

SerranuB 1183

olfei ai, Argyroj)eleenB 604

Pleiirothyris 604

Sternoptyx 604

olidus, Hyponiesiia 525

AlesopuH !)25

Salnio (Osiiienia) 525

oligiiapia, A branny 294

AUmniiia 294

Minnilus 294

Oligocepbalua 1066, 1068, 1083

grabaini 1089

huinernlia 1()!>7

leoiiensia 1089

pulchellua 1089

Oligocottua 20 13, 2864

acuticepa 2016

analis 2013

borcalis 2014

enibry nin 2017

globicepa 2017

uiaciiloHua 2013

anydori 2871

oligodon, Oamerua 2824

Polynemua 830

Oligolepis 2210

oligopeltis, Acijjenaer lO,"!

Oligoplites 898

altua 899,2844

iiioi-Datua 899

mundim 2844

oceideiitiilis 898

saliena 899,2844

899
898

1377
1376
059
244
244
143
143
143
143

palonu'ta .

aaunia

Oligopodna

(>liatli()atnma, Gerrea

oliatlioatunina, ( ierrea

olivacea, Pa'cilia

olivaeena, Leucua

Riitilua

olivaria, ITopladelua

Luptop.s

Pelodiclitliya

Pilodictia

/

r I I

! i

f^

:! I

:V3 /

W\ i

1 1

3052

Index.

Pago.

olivariH, Silams 143

uliustedi, JSulcoHoina brtivipiimiH ... 1057

uigriiiii 1U57

Etlieosturaa 1057

olriki, Aspitlupliuroi(k<8 2089

()iiil)rc(.'hevaller 508

oinmata, Disi'opygo 78

Ui'ternndria (564

Lunania (itiS

Opisthognathiis 228.3

oiiimatiiiu, Opi.it hogiiatlius 22H2

oiiimatiia, l'urulic)it1iy.<i 2035

oiiini.sco, Salinu inaycim 487

i>in(i(\yniieu8, Eleotris 2198

oiiio.stign>a, Genypterus 2490

Otopliidium 2490

oinoaiidis 508

lowii 598

Oncticeplialus 2736

Oncocottua 2000

hexacoriiis 2002

labraduri(;ua 2004

qiiadricuruia 2001

Oncorbynclms 474, 477, 478

cliouiclia 480

gorbiiscba 478

keta 478

kisutch 480

lagocephalns 479

lycaodou 481,483

nerka 481

kenuerlyi 483

orientalis 480

paucidona 483

]>rott'iis 478

qiiiiiuat 480

saiigninoleutus 481

scoiileri 478

tschawytscba 479

tsnpj)itcli 481

oneida, Catostoiniis 193

Moxostonia 193

Ptycbostonius 193

Oneirodea 2732

oscliricbtii 2732

OiieirodiniK 2728

oiiitii.-*, Serranus 1154

oniti.s, lliatula 1579

Labnia 1578

Tautoga 1578, 1579

Ones 2558

ciiiibriiis 2561

eiisis 2559

reiiiliardti 2559

riifiis 2559

septentrionalls 2560

Page.

ontarieiisis, Thymallaa 518

montanuB . . 619

signifer 519

Onus 2529,2868

riall 2630

onycbua, Cottus 1953

( )ula(!ban 521

Oonidus 1738

OozoEcls 849

Opah 954

opab, Zeus 955

opaloacous, Lythrulon 1312

opallna, Julia 1591

opalinum, Myctophum 671

opaliuua, Platyglossus 1591

Open-mouthed Grunt 1306

opercularia, Micropogon 1461

My xodagnus 2305

Polydat'tylus 831

Polynemus 831

Scitena 1461

Stolophorus 445

Trlchidion 831

Ophichtbua 381

evionthas 381

gonieaii 384

gnttifer 383

havannensis 382, 2804

magnioculis 385

ocellatus 383

ophis 2804

parilia 386

puncticeps 382

retropinnia 383

rugifer 884

trisorialia 384

zopbocbir 385

Opbichthyida) 372

Opbichthya 381,382

acuminatus 377

(Sphagobranohus) an-

guiformis 374

chryaopa... 386

crocodilinns 388

gomesii 385

guttifer 383

intertinctus 387

magnioculia 385

niiurua 387

notb<)chir 380

ocellatus 384

pardalis 376

parilia 386

imuciporis 386

piHavarius 377

puncticeps 382

Index.

30M

Page.

Ophichthyn pnnctifer :i87

rutropiiiiiin ;i83

Bcbnoideri 387

triaerialis 1184

xystnruH 2802

zophochir 385

ophi«1ianu8, Genipy lus 884

Ophididiu 2481

Ophidioldea 2453

Opbidioidei 782

Ophidion 2487

Imani 2487

grHJllsi 2488

holbrooki....! 2487

josephi 2488

Opbidlum 2487

atropiirpiiream 2423

brevlbarbe 2485

grcBlIsi 2487

bolbrookl 2488

imberbi 2443

josepbi 2489

marginatum 2489

niucroiiatum 2419

ocellatum 2430

parii 2478

pelluuidam 354

profandorniu 2484

taylori 2489

unernak 2477

viride 2477

opbidoides, Liparis 2118

OpbiubleiiniiDO) 2347

Opbiobleunius 2400

stcindacbneri 2401

•webbii 2401

Opbiodon 1875

elongatU8 1875

pantberinus 1876

Opbiodontinre 18S4

Ophiognathua 405

ampullaceus 406

Opbi 'Cion 1446,1447

adustns 1447

imicepH 1451

Hcierus 1462

siroulus 1449

strabo 1448

typicus 1448

vemiicularis 1452

opbioHcioii, Corviua 1448

Sciaiua 1448

opbis, Muriena 382

Ophicbtbns 2804

Opbisoiua 353,355

acuta 356

OpbiHoniR analiH

balcariciiin ,

iiincniriiiii ..

iiiti-iiH

obtnsn

prorigeruni .

Opbisunius

Opbisturuoii

OpbiHura intortinctiiH ,

sugillatus...
OpbiHurnpbis

Fage.
350

3r.»;

357

.. 357

355

357

2414

341!

387

387

374

Ophiaurus 375, 381

acuniinatUH 377

califurniensia 3C4

cbrysops '(S'l

crocodiliniis 388

gomcHli 385

guttatns 382

bitiii-.aciiliitus 370

loiigiis 377

pariliH , 38(1

remi;u;er 381

xystunis 376

ophryaa, Paralicbtliys 2030

PrionotiiH 2164

: opbtbalinicus, Lepoinia 1001

I OpiHtliistius 1384

Opistbocentrinai 2349

Opiatboceutrus 2428

ocellatus 242S

quiiKiuuiiiaculatiiH . 2430

tenuis 2430

Opiatbojijnatbidii' 2279

Opiatbuguatb uh 2280

luncburutn 2281

loiicluirus 2281

uiacrogiiatbuui 2281

niacroguathuH 2282

niacrops 2284

maxilloH iis 2284

int'^i'^toiiia 2282

inicrognatbua 2287

oiiiiiiata 2283

ominatiim 2282

puuctatum 2281

punctatus 2281

rlioinalous irfJ85

Mcapliiiirus 2282

Opiatbonenia 432

libertate 433

libcrtatia 433

(>};liiinni 432

Opistboptenio 436

dovii 437

lutipiniiis 437,2811

macropa 437

3054

Index.

%y

ii -I

i!

1 1

-r 1

k*3

Page.

opistlinplitbalniiis, Conger 350

UpladoliiH 142

Oplupoinii 1875

pantlu'rlna 1876

oppositun, Munocaiithus 171G

Opaaiiiia 2315

cerapahis 2310

pardus 2316

tan 2315

Op8op<ia 247,248,241)

Opw.pooiliia 247,248

bollmuni 249

eiiiiliii! 248

inugaiops 248

OBculus 248

Optlialmoloplius 2360

Oquassa Trout 514

oqiiaasa, Salmo 515

Salveliuua 514,515

niarstoui 515

naresi 513

Oranclieo, Grand 1057

Orange Fllefisli 1718

Kocklish 1793

Orbe, Lo Diodon 1749

urbicnlariH, Atinga alter minor 1749

llbonibns 960

Orbidus 1729

orbignianiis, Exocd'tiis 729

0,'bignyaua, Pellona 436

Platessa 2620

orbignyanus, Conger 355

Orbia ecbinatus 1745

lajvis variegatus 1735

muricatus 1749

retinulatus 1750

orbis, Cyclopteriis 2100

Eumicrotrfnius 2099,2100

orbitariuH, Pagellus 1350

Sparus 1350

orca, Notri'pis 289

Orcolla. . 254,257,289

orcini. Bi .ma 960

orcutti, Leuciscus 241

Pljoxinus 242

Orcynus 869,870

alaioDga 871

alliteratus 869

pelamyH 869

sclilegelii 870

Bubiilatus 871

tbunnia 869

thynnus 870

ordiuatus, Chirua 1870

EpinepbeluH 1155

Hexagrammua 1870

I

Page.

iireaa, Chroaomua 211

( )reg(in Brook Trout 501

Cliarr 507

Sturgeon 104

oregouenaia, Cyprinua (Lcuciat^ua) . . 225

Luu(!iacua 225

Ptycbocheilua 224, 2796

Oreille Nolro 1261

Oreoaonia 1662

atlautiiMun 1662

coniferum 1663

< )re8tiiniB 631

orientalia, Auarrbicbaa 2447

Chanoa 415

Oncorbyncbua 480

Pelamya 873

Salmo 480

(iruata, Amia 113

Aphoriatia 2707, 2710

Cliola 271

Cochlognatliua 252

Codoma 271

Embiotoca 1506

Hydrargyra 2827

Ra.ja 70

ornatuni, Campoatoma 205

ornatus, Acbirua 270*"

Baliatea 1"

Cochlognatbna •"

Eaox o^u

Gillellna 2299

Gnnellua 2420

Labrua 1610

Murffinoidea 2420

Notropls 270

Pliolia 2419

Tetradon 1742

Ornichthya 2148

Orqueta 937

oniueta, Chloroacombrua 937

oraini, Ozodura 1754

ortlingoriacua, Cephalua 1754

Orthagoriacua 1754

Ortbicbthys 759

Orthodon 206

microlepidotua 207

ortbogrammua, Carangoidea 928

Caranx 929

Orthonopa cos 2262

orthonotua, Ditrema 1507

Orthopriatia 1334, 1335, 1330

brevipinnia 1341

cantharinus 1339,1340

chalceua 1337

chryaopterua 1338

duplex 1339

Index.

3055

Vii};t<.

Orthoprlstis forbesi 13;)6

iiKirnutUM 1'.I42

lethopriHtiH l»40

poeyi 1339

reddiiigi 13S0

Orthopsettn 2678, 2071t

Hor.Mda 2080

OrthoHtockus 1313

innciilicaiula 1313

OrthragoriscuH 1753

nlexiindriiii 1754

analis 1754

battariu 1754

blooliii 1754

elegauH 1754

faHciatiia 1754

ghini 1754

hiBpidus 1754

liinaris 1754

mola 1754

oblongus 1750

oculeatUH 1754

ozodiira 1755

redi 1754

retzii 1754

roiideletii 1754

BolariH 1754

Bpinosiis 1754

truncatns 1756

OrthraguB 1753

OHbeck, Trachinus 1153

Osbeckia 1717, 1718, 1719, 2860

oscitans Scia-na 1441

Stellifer 1440

oscula, AgoBia 309

Apocope 309

Arina 127

Gorvina 1484

Netuma 127,2768

Sciicna 1484

Tacbisurus 127

oBcalatii, Labrax 1132

osculus, ArgyreuB 309

HoIocentruB 853

OpsopcEodus 248

osmeriformiB, t'oregonus 468

osmeriiins, Hybognathus 213

Osmerus 522,523

albatrossis 2823

albiduB 538

attenuatiis 523

dentex 524, 2823

clongatus 525

lenmiscatus 533

microdon 521

mordax 523

Page.

OsnioriiB mordax abl)otti 524

apuctrum 523

oligodon 2824

pretiiiHUH 525

tbalcichthys 522

virideHUUDB 623

Ospbyolax 775

pelliicidiis 775

osBCiis, Knox 110

LuiuxoBteuH 109

OBtariopliy si 114

OBtentuin, ( 'aroprocttia 2134

ustoucbir, EcbeiieiB 2273

RbombochlruB 2273

osteostiuta, Trygou 84

Osticbthys 840

OstorhiiKibuB 1100

llourieu 1107

Ostraciidae 1721

Ostracion 1721

bicaiidalia 1723

boopB 1765

catbetiiplates oblougUB .. 1728

coiicati'iiatuH 172:i

(!Ouic(* obloiigua 1745

oxpaiiHiiiii 1724

gronovii 1725

guineensia 1725

listeri 1725

maciilatuH 1725

obloiiguB bolacantliua 1740

glaber 1735

polydou ineriniB triqueter 1723

(|uadricorni8 1725

BoxcomiitUB 1725

Bubrotundus ventre glabro 1749

tetraodon 1740

triquter 1723

uiidnlatiiB 1724

yalei 1724

Ostracium quadricorne 1725

trigonum 1724

trigunus 1724

Ostracodernii 781, 1720

Oswego Basa*. 1012

otakii, Hexagrainmus 1867

otfiriua, Lepidosteas 110

Otbonops 2201

otbonopa, Perkinsia 420

otbonopterua, Cestreus 1405

Cy noscion 1404

OtolithiniB 1393

Otolitbus albiis 1411

calitbrniensis 1413

caroliiieiiaiB 1409

cayeunenais 1404, 1411

:'i

fT

;

it

I

I

3056

Index.

Page.

Otolitlitis drumniondi 1409

Jamaicensis 1406

loiarchns 1415

magdaleDto 1410

niicrolepidotua 1415

microps 1415

nebulosus 1409

nothus 1407

obliquutus 1405

regalis 1-iOV

reticulatus 1409

rhomboidilis 1404

squaniipibnis 1404

stolzmauni 1412

thalassinus 14')8

toeroe 1404

vireacens 1415

Otopliidiiim i^lOO

galeoides 2401

indefatigabile 2490

oinostigina 2490

otophonia, ' Euponiacentrus 1555

PomacentruB 1555

Otrynter 1344

caprinus 1345

otrynter, Caranx 930

Otsego, Coregonua 466

ouachitao, Hadropterus 1035

oiiananiche, Salmo salar 487

Ouatilibl 1145

Espaguol 1140

outalibi, Enneacentrua fulvus 1146

Serranua 1146

ovale, Syacium 2674

ovalis, Citharicbthys 2674

Hemirhonibiis 2074

Sebastichtliy a 1 "89

Sebaatodea 1788

ovatus, Tracbynotua 942

ovicephahia, Sparna 1361

ovicepa, Lactophrys 1724

ovifonnis, Chietodon 1 668

ovigerum, Hatbyphaania 2128

ovinus, Eaox 672

Leblaa ' 672

ovis, SargiiB 1361

<H'oide8 1738

oretbizon 17;i9

aetosim 1739

Ovum 1738

owcni, Hiiloaaurus 607

Oxyboles 2495

oxybrachiuin, Spariaoina 1634

oxybrachlus. Scams 1635

Oxycepbas 2568

Oxvcottus 201'''. 2863, 2864

Page.

0.xy(ottim acuticepa 2015,2864

Oxygonenin 207

pnl verulentum 207

oxygenius, Polyprion 1139

Oxyjulis 1601

califorDicus 1601

modeatua -.. 1601

Oxylabrax 1117

Oxylebiinas 1864

Oxylebiua 1878

pictua 1878

Oxyloricaria 156

(^xyiiiacrurus 2587

Oxyinetopontinas 2188

Oxyodoutiohtbys 381

bracbyunia 385

limbatua 385

inatTiinia 385

<)xyi)tera, Corvina • 1222

Oxyrbina 47

ganipbodon 49

s]>allanzaui 49

"xyrbyncbiis, Acipenser 105

Carcbarbinua 40

Carcbariaa 41

Isurus 48,40

Tetrodon 1741

Oxyuricbtbys 2210

( )xy urua 3,">.'l

oxyurua, Lepiaosteua lU)

Nomeus 950

Oyater-fleb 1578,2315

o/,arcanus, Notropia 26,")

Ozodura 1753

oraini 1754

o/.odiira, Ortliragorlacua 1755

( f zorthus bexagraniiuua 2441

pacbycrhnla, Adinia 660

pacbyccpbalua, Fiiiidulnis 661

Lagocopbalua 1720

Tetrodou 1729

pacbygaater, Spboroidea 1738

Tetrodon 173H

Pacliylabrus 1507

variegatua 150H

l>acbylepi8, Atberinicbtbya 801

Menidia 801

Pacbynatbua 1703

capistratua 1704

tr' .ngularis 1705

Piicbypops 1459

biloba 1400

I'lircraMia 145!'

paobypna. Cottna 197:;

PacbyuruB furcru3U8 1460

TTyi^'^r^',

KS^';?!-"''

Index.

3057

Page.
(15, 2864
207
207
1139
ICOl
1601
1601
1117
1861
1878
1878
156
2587
2188
381
385
385
385
1222
47
4'J
49
105
40
41
48, 40
1741
2210
353
110
950
578, 2315
26:i
1753
1754
1755
2441

660

661

1720

1729

1738

173H

1507

150H

801

801

1703

1704

1705

1459

14(iO

1450

197;;

1400

Paije.

Pucliyurns squaiuosissimus M19

pacilicn, Belone 716

paciiici, Auisotrcmus 1310

Batrachoides 2314

Ba'rachus 2315

CouoiJon 1316

PoHiadasis 1316

paciflcus, ArgyreiosuB 936

Artediellus 1906

Bathylagus 530

Cyuicogloasiis 2655

Gly])toceplialn8 2655

Larinms 1424

Lobotes 2857,2858

Lilt jaiiua 1253

Lycodoa 2460

Lycodopsis 2480

Me8oi)ri()n 1253

Microstoraus 2655

(Mallotus) Salmo 521

Tbaleichtliya 521

Tliyiiniis 871

Tylosiiriis 716

Paddle, Cock and Hen 2096

Paddle-Hsh 101

Paddle-Hsiies 100

past iili\s, Heniirhoinbus 2672

pajiei, Ethcdstoina 1092

Pagellua baijoiiado ];!52

calamus 1350

caninua 1352

huinilia 1355

microps 1355

milnei'i 1355

orbitarius 1350

peiina 1355

PagriiK 1356

argenteua 1357

pagruB 1356

vulgaris 1057

pagrus, Pagrua 1356

Sparua 1357

Pa'deGato 1837

Pajarito 721

pala, Cypriniis 415

paloaria, Lycodea 2466

Palinuricbtbya 06:1

perciformis 964

PaliiinruB 963

perciforniia 064

])alluHi, Octograininua 1 870

Pallasia 1754

Pallaaia 1753

pallaai 1754

pallaBianits, Cepbalua 1754

pallaaii, Clu]H)a 422

Page.

pallaaii, Pleuronectes 2648

Palla.sina 2C48

aix 2050

barbata 2049

pallida, Aldrovandia 611

Echeneia 2272

Lcpomis 1012

Morone 1135

mllidua, Bodianna 1433

Cato.stonius 179

Euponiotis 1006

Fiindulua 638,2827

Labrax 1135

Labrus 1005

Lepomis 1005

Lc'iK.'oaomus 222

Piniclodus 135

I'laty fiobio 326

Poinotis 1007

Salino 505

palmipcs, Prionotua 2157

Trigla 2156

paloina, Trachinotus 945

Palonietu. . 940, 941, 942, 943, 965, 966, 907, 2849

media 2849

])ab)iiieta 2849

aimillima 2849

palometa, Chorineiniis 899

Oligoidites aalieiis 899

Palometa 2849

Ilbombiis 966

Stomateua 907

Pain Brasilieuse congener 966

]>alnatria, Pcvscilicbthya 1102

Pammelas 963

perciformia 964

])ammel<'is, Molanoatigma 2470, 2809

Pi»m,)anito 941

Piimpauo 930, 93;t

(Common 944

< lair t opaail 940

(iireat 943

Round 941

P;lmpanoa 895,939

piinipanus, Trachynotus 944

])iin;iiiii-n8o, Prist ipoma 1331

paiiauieueia, Achirua 2702

AilurichtliyB 117

Athcrinella 805

Azevia 2677

BodianuB 1141

Caranx 028

Citliarichtliya 2677

Eugraulis 448

EnneacciitruB 1141

EpinephuluB 1141

::ui

'i m

:.:,;;P

-■1 m

%

3058

Index.

ri

rair«.

panameiisis, Feliclitliys 117

Gjniiiothorax !!9l

Ilisliii 436

Lorlcuria 157

Monticrrrhus 1473

Mura'iia 391

OdontoKiiiithus 438

Parapsettiis 1069

Pellona 436

Petrometopon 1141

Piabnciiiii 332

Poiiiadasis 1331

Pristigaster (Odontog-

natlius) 438

Rabula 391

Serranus 1141

Sitlera 391

Solea 2702

StoU'pliorus 448

Tetragonopteriis 334

XTmbiina 1473

Pancliax 633, 2827, 2830

paiiciradiatus, Cubiceps 957

paudiouiH, Glossaniia 1111

pandora, Clinostoiiius 234

Squaliiis 234

Pafleca 2196

paiinosa, Scorpu'iia 1845

Itautheriua, Miira'uopliis 2805

Oplopoiua 1870

pantborlnu8, Anarrbicbas 2446

Costracioii 21

Ophiodon 1876

Pseudariodc's 155

PantosteuB 169

ara'opus 172

arizoniu 170, 2700

clarki 172

cohiinbiaiiiis 172

dolpliiniis 171

generosus 170

gn/.iuauieiisis 171

Jarrovii 171

.jorilani 171

platyiliyncbus 170

idebciiiH 171

virosciMiH 171, 172

pantoHtiginiuH, My i icbtbys 2802

Papagal lo 895

Papagallos 894

papalis, Pioiida 214

papili(», :Mollett"H 1932

papillil'er, Ciobij'HOx 2330

liapilliferuH, (.'b(dogaHter 704

papilloHii, Araniaca 2672

papilluaiini. MoxoHtoma 189

Page.

pa])illoHiiin, Syacium 2071

papilloMiiH, IJarbulifer 2261

Pleuroiiectes 2672

Ptychostonics 180

Paracliiiiis 2374

cbaperi 237 1

I'araconodon 1314, 1315, 13Ii;

I'aradiodou 17 ( i

(inadrimaculatus 174ii

])aradoxa, Garniaiiiiia 22:i_'

paradoxus, Ciobiua 22;ii;

PsycbroluteB 20:;6

Paradules loi ;;

I'nragonus 2054

acipi'Dserinus 2()ii2

Htiirioides 200:)

Parabeniiodon 156, 157, 1 >.s

Paralabrax 119*

albomaculatuH 1107

clatliraf us 1197, 1198

humeralis 1196, 1197

mac ulatofasciatus 1 1 Uti

nebulifer 1195, U'lti

Paralt'pblidaj 5it!i

Paralepimu 599

I'aralepia ' (iu'J

borealis 00 1

coregouoides Oii2

coruscans 002

intermedius GOU

Paralichtbys 20l'4

adspersus 2627, 2871!

ajstuarius . , 2620, 2871!

nlWgnttus 2031

brasilieiiais 2626

californicHS 2625, 202i'>

dentatus 2629, 2(i.iu

letliostigiiia 20:io

lethostigmua 'J0:!ii

liolejiis 2tiLU

inai'iilosiiH 2020

iiiagdabaia; 2872

obloiigus 2ii;i2

ointnatus 20:i,')

opbryas L'tiiU)

sinaloa- 2872

H(|uaniili'iitu8 2031

stigiiiatiaa 20:i0

wouliiiani 2028

ParalipariH 2139, 2140

cepbalim 2141

copei 214;i

dactyloaua 2144

bob)iii(daa 214ii

liparinuH 2l:;i)

iiuntu 2142

Mr
111

^f^^^

Index.

3059

Page

2(i71

'2261

2672

189

2:n4

237 1

, 1315,131(.

1741

1740

22;;'.>
22;!:;

20.;6

loi;;

2034

20(i2

20G:;

156, 157, ir.s

1191

ll'.>7

. 1197,1198

.. 11<)6,1197

nm;

.. 1195, Uiitl

5W

.... ■ <i02

Cill

. . . . tiil'J
(JO'J

oou

2GJ4

2627, 287i;

2620, 2S7i;

2();il

2626

. 2625,2tVJii

. 2621), 2(i:;o

2fi;!i)
26:ui

2ii24
2626
2H72
26:!2
... 26:;:.

2ii;Hi

2S72
263 1
2r,:i6

2628
.. 2139,2140
2141
2143
2144
2140
2i:t9
2142

I'ajre.

Parali?arJ8 rosaceus 2142

iilorliir 2144

paralleliiH, Cciitrdponius 1122

I'araloiicliiirus 1477, 147H

diiiiierili 1478

goodei 1480

petersi 1481

rathbiiiii 1479

I'aramacrumB 2j87

I'ai-amia 1112

])aranaainio.>i, Acipeiiser loO

I'arantliias 1221

creolus 1222

furciier 1221

I'arapmiiaoentriis 1549, 1550

^arap^ettll8 ' 1669

)>auanien8is 1669

I'araqties 1485

Para-scorpiBna 1839, 2860

I'arasorraiius hasaelti 1205

I)arasiticu8, Siiuenchelys 349

paraspiRteH, Caraux 923

Taratnictus 916, 917, 921

pisquetua 921

I'arcM 1674,1677

pardale, Leptoi)liidiiim 2486

)iardalis, Kpiiiephelus 1183

Monacautlius 1713

Myctoroperca 1181

Ol-hiclit li.vs 376

pardiiH, Hatrai-Iiii8 tan 2317

()])8aini8 2316

I'arepiueplielus 1169,1170,1180

I'arequeR 1485, 1486

aciiinlnatiiH 1487

I)arrva, AlutiTes 1719

I'arexotML'tus 728

niesogaster 728

Pargo 1244, 1265

Ainarlllo 1 260

Cohirado 1264, 1267, 13r.6

Criolto 1265

do lo Alto 1262

de Haizoro 1273

Uua<:hiiiaiigo 1264

Marnfio 1252

Negro 1252

Prioto 12.VJ

pargtis, Menoprion 1255

rariceliiniH 1885

hopliticu8 188(i

tlioburni 1 8S8

parietalis, CoUhcus 217

parii, Lyeocara 2478

Opliidiuni 2478

Urouectes 2478

Pa'ge.

parili8, Ophichthus 386

Ophiolitbys 386

Opliiniiru.s 386

jtavkoi, Saliiio 508

Sal veliuim 2823

parheri, AriiiM 126

St'leiiaspis 125, 2764

Siliinis 126

Tracrliisiirua 126

P.inna rubicunda 1565

pai'iiia, Cicbhi8i)nia 1519

Heros 1519

parniifera, Raia 75

Ra,ja 74

l>arnatu.s, Sctarclics 1860

Paiophry s 2637, 2640

ayrcai 2640

iii'iiosa 2639

liiibbardi 2641

isdbyrus 2641

isolepis 2642

(|uadritiiberciilatiis 2648

vctulim 2640

parovanus, Cypriiiodon 606

Myloleucu8 246

Ujieneua 859

parra, Diabasis 1299

Hainiilon 1297

parrni, Albiila 411

Biama 1586

Chiitodon 1685

Cli'pticiis 1.586

Kxocdtim 740

lI.TinulDH 1297, 1309

Parraserriims 1203

parriaiiuH, Monacautbus 1713

PaiTot-Hsh, lUii© 1636, 1652

Uark-grien 1638

Greeu 1657

Parrot Fisbe.s 1620, 1642

Parrot, :^Iiul 1639

Koae-baok 1035

l)arryi, Rbanidella 153

Rhamdia 153

part itiis, Eiipoiiiact'iitru.s 15,58

Poina('eiitru.>< 15,58

Paru 1680

paru, t;iia!todon 1680, 1681

Pomacantliiis 1680

Uhombiis 965, 2849

StromatouH 966

I'arupeniMiH 8,'i8

parva, Liicuina 605

parvii'upa, Lyrodapus 2493

imrvipiune. KlluMistoma 1090

parvipiiiuiH, Archusiuu 1399

%

M

•:!iS
\

■' ■ ■'■1

m

m

T

3060

Index.

ii /'I

Pago.

parvipinni8, C'estreus 1410

Cyuoscion 1410

Dicrotns 8811

Fundulus 040,2827

IsopistbiiR

Pronietliichtliys

parviila, Clupca _

piirviis, Cottopsis

pasaany, Ariiis

Ba^riis

1309
883
426

1945
124
124
Sciadeiohtlivs 124,2700

Paj;

Tacliy Burns

passer, nolacaiitlius

FoinacanthiiH

Pa.stinaca

Pastor

Patao

patao, Gerroa

patatus, Julis

palris, Acantliocottua

patronus, Brevoortia tyraimus .

patruelis, Ganibuaia

Ueterandria

pancidens, Louryimis

Lycodopsis

Oncorhyn<'lni8

Salmo

panciporia, Opbichthys

pauciradiatiis, Callionymiis

pauciapinis, Ancylodon

SeUastca

Sebaatodes

pavonacena, Horoa

pavonia, Liniia

Pd'cilia

pavoninus, Cyi'lopttTiia

Paw, Jolin

paxilloides, Lycodea

paxillua, Lycencbelya

Lycodos

Peacock Floiiiidor

Pea-lip Sucker

Pearl-fiab

Pearl-lialiea

PiV.be-peclie

PAcbe-Pr^trr

peckianua, Synjiimtbua

peckii, Syugnatbiia

I)ectiuatu8, Coiitropomua

124

1682

1683

82

949

1378

1378

1591

2009

434

082

681

2460

2460

483

483

386

21r8

1399

1781

1780

1538

632

692

2097

1159

2471

2471

2471

2665

199

2495

2494

338

1784

771

770

1122

PriBtia 60, 61, 2749

pectiuifor, Cliinm ,

LabroHoiinia . ..

poctoralia, Albatroasia

Bodianiia

CosaypbiiH

DartyluHcopiia

2362
2362
2573

1582
1582
2301

poctoralia, Dallia

llarpe

Macnirua (Malacocepba-

lus)

Neinatiatiua

NeniatonuB

Pedalion

pedaliota, Bonapartia

pedaliotna, Zapbotiaa

Pediciilate Fiahea

Pediculaii

pediinacnla, Centropomua

Pega

Pegador

Pege Oja

Pegedictis 1941, 1842, li)44

ictalopa

Peixe Agnlha

Peixe-fonda

Peixe Key

pelada, Anchoa

pelagicum, Sipboatoma

pelagiciia, Callionynma

Scomber

Syngnnthua

pelamidea. Scomber

pelamia, Gymnosarda

Scomber

pelaiiiitna. Scomber

Pelamya

cbilenais

liiioolata

orientalia

sarda

pelamya, Eutbynnua

Orcynua

Scomber

Thyiinua

pclegrinua, Squaliis

P«'16rin

Pellona

bleekcriana

castelna'ana

ttavipinnia

furtbi

orbigiiyana

panamenaia

1 :,.-!:;

l'rw4

S'.)5

'J.-,18

17-,;!

i:7i2

2712
III!)
'Jl.'()9

2fi99

1!)51
711
1312

8116
43fi
707
L'I84
952
77ii
869
HGg
8C9
872
871
K7:!

873
873
872
869
809
872
809
51
51
435
430
4:t6
430
436
4M
4:10

pelliiclda, Aramocrypta Iii62

dara

vlvax

Salmopcrca

Tbyria

pfUucidum, Etboostoma t'lariim. . .
Opbidium

10611

784
2691
100:1

;i54

])elliicidnB, l)eb)thyri8 20'.il

Ospbyolax 775

W-','-

v

■•»

Index.

3061

Page.

pellucidus, Plenrolepis 1063

Psenes '.)50

I'elodichtbys 142

olivaris 143

I'elon, Guaguancbe 824

I'eloria 2660

polta, Chelmo 1671

peltastes, Lepoinis 1003

poUata, Per(!ina 1034

))eltatuiii, Ktlieostoma 1034

])eltatu8, Hadropterim 1034

Tiirdiis cinerouB 1373

peineciis, Ungrus 125

l'eini)h('ri(liB 976

I'empheris 977

iiiexicanuH 978

miiUeri 978

poeyi 979

Bclioiuburgki 978

peuinsutic, Bascaniclithys 379

Callechelys 379

Chirostoma 797

Menidia 797

peuna, Calamus 1354, 1355

Pagellus 1355

pcnnanti, Argentina 577

Maurolicus 577

Squalus 49

ponnatula, Calamus 1351

I'enopus 2520

luac-doualdi 2521

penaacolro, Hareiigula 431

penshinensis, Salmo 508, 2819

l)entacanthu8, Bodianus 8')

CeutrarcliUM 990

Holocoiitrus 849

LabruH 1576

Xenocliirus 208 1

I'tsntaneinus 828

quinquarius 828

])opinuB, Liicioperca 1022

I'eprilus 9(i5

jiorarcuatuH, Pleuronpctes 26 13

Terca 1023

aberrans 1138

acuta 1024

afra 1833

alburnus 1475

amcricana 1024, 1 135

apoda 1259

ascensioiiis 849

atraria 1200

chrysops 1132

ihrysoptera 1339

dorso nionapt«rygla 1833

ttavesceiiB 1023

Page.

Perca fluviatilis 2841

flavesccns 1024

formosa 1208

furca 1200

fiircrfca 1460

gibbosa .' 1009, 1296

gifias 1154

gracilis 1024

grainilata 1024, 2841

guttata 1142,1164

inimaculata 1135

Juba 1323

lanceolata 1482

lopbar 947

loubina 1119

maculata 1153

mariba 1761

cauda nigra 1303

gibbosa 1295

piiiniH 1259

pnucticubita 1146

soctatrix 1388

veneuosa 1172

melanui-um 1303

minima . . . : 1057

mitchilli 1133

altornata 1133

interrupta 1133

. mucronata 1135

niger 963

(Poniacanipsiti) nigropunctata 1021

nobilis 1324

norwi'gica 1761

notata 1024

ocellata 1454

philadelpbica 1202

punctata 1145, 1146, 1433

pusilla 1 107

robiista 1 1;)4

rock-tisb 1133

ruta 849

Nahuont'a 1021

saltatrix 947, 1388

saxatilis 1 133

Hcctat rix 1388

He)>tontrit>niiliH 1133

Herratdgrnnulata 1024

stellio U.'iS

striata 13U

tota niaciiliR 1153

trifurca 1202

undiilata 1462

unicolor 1192

unimaculata 1360

varia 1200

variabilis 1784,1790

■:!;ii

an

'il

I

m

.,1

3062

Index.

^ i I

m-

Lil..!.

Page.

Perca vitien 1021

perci-lleua, Kaja 63

Itliinobatus 6:)

Percesoces 781,787

Perch, American 102;i

IJlack 1504

Blue 1505,1577

Pike 1021

Pirate 785,78G

Raccoon 1023

Kinged 1023

River 1023

Sacramento 991

Trout 782,784

Vivijiarous 1-198

AVliite 1133, 1134, 1484, 1501, 1509

Yellow

Perch -like fialies ■,

Per(;lies

Perches, American Pike

Log

I'ercidiB

Percidiiiii'

perciformis, Coryplieiia

Liriis

Paliunrichthys

Paliniirua

Pamnielas

Percina 1024

aspro

biinaciilata

caprodea

manitou

zebra

giientheri

niacroceplialua

nebulosa

peltata

plioxocephala

rex

ronnoka

Percini
Pore is.

japonicus

percobromus, AlbiirnelluB.
MinniliiH. . ..

Percoidei

percoidea, Agonoatomua .

Percoids, Sparii'orm

Percopsidie

I'ercopais

g'lttatna

hummoiidi

perezi, ( 'ai'cliMrliinus

Platypodou

781

81!)

1241

783

783

784

784

3U

30

Page.

perfasciatns, Engranlis 44L'

Stolephoriis 441,44:i

Periclithya godeflroyi llii;

])(>ri8copua, Gadua 25;it-

perisii, Salmo 50i)

I'erisaias 2667

tii'niopterns 26t)7

Periatediidas 2177

Peristedion 217h

gracile 217:i

imberbe 218'.'

longiapathum 217^

micronemus 218j

miniatiim 217)S

platycepbaliim 218o

Peristethua 217x

niicroncma 218i:

l)eri8tetlius, Podothecns 20(ii.'

Perkinsia 4'Jii

oDionopa 4"Jii

perlatuni, Ilolocentrum 8'i;i

porlongiia, Neoconger 3fi:;

Permit 94:i

perniger, Culiua 22('l

Eleotria 220 1

peroni, Caranx 92:)

pcronii, Lepidopua 887

Peropiis 201s

bilobiis 201K

peri)l('xn8, Cottns 195,'i

Perrico 16511

jierrico, Paendoacarus . . le'iii

Scania 165it

Pcrro ('olorado 158;;

Perro 1570

pt>rrotteti, Priatis 60, 274'.i

]iersonatus, Ammodytes 83:;

perapiciibilia, Enibiotoca 150fi

pcrrti>icilluni, Lyciodes 24(i,'i

l)tT8]>icinis, Ilybogmitbiia 21.s

piM-tbccatiis, Stolephoriis 44J

l)eruaniia, Amblyopus 226'!

Anthiaa 122:i

Cobioidi's 2264

Ilcmiantliiaa 122'J

Promotogrammiia VJt'S-i

peruvianua, (ialeichtliys 122,2771

(ierres 137(i

Tadiyaiirus 122

Pesca IJlanca 3'Jl

Veriiiiglia 1811

I'escadillodcl Red llHi

Pescadillos del Key 807

Pcscadito 23:i

I'escado Aziil 155:;

Azul de do8 ('oloros 1557

Index.

3063

Page.
44:
441,44,.
llliT

50'.)
2607
20(17
2177
217 h
2l7'.i
2181:
217^
218:;
217(S
21811
217s
218.:
20tiJ

4-"
4UU

8r>;i
'•'<■'■•'•

2201

2201

887

201S

201S

193.''

1650

1650

Ifia'-'
158',!

'..... 15""
00,2740

8;i:;

..... IM*"'

24f.5

". . . . . 21S

44 J
2265

".'.'.... 12'--1

2264

...... 1-2-

', 122:;

..... 122,2771

i;i7()

'" 122

....... '•*-'

1811

''_ 14111

8117
23 1

'_ 155:1

'"' . 1557

Page.

Peacado Blanco de Cliapala 792

Colorado 145:i

del Key 806

Pescador 2722

Martin 2724

PescadoB (Vzules 154!i

malices 792

Peace Ue 80B

Tondo 48

]>etenen8c, Doroaonia 417

pi'tenensia, Chatocasua 417

MoUieniala 700

PiniblodiiH 153

Poicilia 694

Ehaiiidia 153

- Tetragonojiterus 335

Peteiiia 1513

Hpleiidida 1513

lietersi, Paralouchiirns 1481

}>etiinl>a, Fistularia 758

Petimbuaba 757

Petite Gnenlc i;i70

.Taquette 1559

N^igre 1142

Scie i;J23

I'etos 876

I'etroinetoi)on 1140

apiarius 1142

crueutatus 1141

coronatiia. 1142

giittutiis 1142

panaiiieiiHia 1141

I'etroniyzon 9

anicricainiH 10

appendix 10

argentous 11

aatori 12

ayresi 13

bairdii 9

bdellium 11

borealia 13

brancliialis 14,2745

Ciinitscliaticub 2745

caataneuH 11

(;iliutns 12

concolor 11

laniotteni 10

livi(lu,s 12

mariniLs 10

cliaintHcliati-

cim 2745

dorna(u« 10

iiuicolor 10

nlgricnnH 10

nigrum 14

plmnbeua 13

Page.

Pctromyzon tridentatua 12

PetroniyzonidH' 8

PetronaHon 1642

pi'tropuuli, Hleiiniopliidiiim 2430

petrosuM, Mugil 284,814

Ti'i.sotroi)i.s 1172

petiis, Acantliocybium 877

Cybium 877

Pcz < 'iego 2501

Pez do E.spada 2749

Gallo 895

Pluina 1347, 1349, 1350

del Iley 7£9, 808

Lima 1753

Puerco 1700, 1V04

Siena 60

l)feitteri, Mura'na 2805

Sidera 2805

pbaenna, Hybopsia 270

Pbienmlon 586

riiigens 586

phaeton, Pristigaster 438

phala'ua, Diulirinii 1476

Phalaugiates 2064, 2864

acipenserinus 2062

, fuaiformia 2048

Japoiiicua 2036

liivigatus 2048

loricatua 2046

phaleratus, Eaox 628

Phanerodon 1506

atripes 1507

furcatus 1506

liitcrali-s 1,5(I6

Pliaryngognathi 781, 1571

pliasganorus, Notacauthua 616

pliasniii, Careproctus 2132

Plienncobius 302

catostonius 304

niirabilia 303

HCopifer 303

8copircru,s 303

toietulna 303

lidsternua . . . 303

nranopa 304

plienacobius, NotropLs 263

plienax, A pomotis 997

Leponiia 997

Mycteroperca falcata 1185

philadelpliica, Perra 1202

pliiliidelpliicuH, Centropisti'M 1201

Serranus 1202

pliilipii, Cliiui.s 2359

phibmipa, Cottus 1960

Pliiloaopho 1»J93

Philypnus 2194

11

i

m

"1 ' -'\

■ " 'i'\m

' m

'' ■:■ I "''I
■ ■::r.;.9ilP

. '.Mil

,> !■■■.

3004

Index.

/I;

i

i

\

I'age.

Philypnua dormitator 2195

(lorinitor 2194

Irtteralis 2195

phlebotoniua, Acanthurus 1602

phlegethoDtis, Clinostomus 243

Gila 243

Leuc.isciiH 243

PhoxiniiB 243

plilux, Boleosoma 1052

Ulocentra 1052

Phobetor 2000

tricuapis 2009

PlKube 1211

phoebe, Centropristis 1212

Priouodes 1211

Serraiius 1212

Pholidapaa 2430

dybowakii 2430

grebnitskii 2431

Pholii chthyinu! 2347

Pholidichtliya 2^05

an^^iiilliforinis 2405

Pholidinro 2348

Pholis 2377, •!414, 2415, 2417

caroliniis 2379

dolicoKastw 2416»

faaciatua 2417

gunnellus 2419

noveiiilinoatus 2393

ornatus 2419

pictua 2415,2410

quadrifaaciatus 2392, 2394

ruborrimua 2417

aiibbifiircata 2440

tac/.anowskii 2416

Photogenia 254

ai'ioinimia 290

cajriileua 277

callistiiia 276

engranlimia 296

eurystomiia 277

grandii>iiniia 280

leuciodiia 291

loucopa 296

leucopua 277

niveiia 278

pyrrhonielas 281

8cabrict'j)8 290

apilopteriiH 279

RtigniaturuB 275

teleacopiis 292

photogenia, LeiiciHciis 296

Notropis 295,926

S(nialiiiH 296

Photonectes 591

gracilia 591

Page.

Pbotouectino) 687

Phoxinua 228,230,240

clovolaiidi 237

llamiuciia 242

margaritiiB 241

luiluoriaiiiia 24L'

uuogn;ua 241

orcuttl 24'.'

phleget hoiitis 24:;

pboxocepliala, Percina lo;!l

plioxocopbaluni, Etbeoatonia 1031

phuxocepbalus, Alvordiua 103 1

Ceatreus 141i

Cyuoacion 14i;f

Hadropterua 103(i

phrygiatuB, Ariua 131

Uexanoniatichtbys 13ii

Tacbiaurus rugiapinia . 131

Pbrynotitan 28.5:)

Phttte'i-ichthya 22CS

lineatus 226s

Phycinte 2532

Phycia 25r>2

aniericaima 25r)5

cbosteri 2r)r)Ci

c.biiaa 2f)riri

cirratua 2.'jr>i

dekayi 2r),')5

earlli 255")

floridanua 25r)4

margiiiatua 255,')

pnui'tatiia 25,'j;t

regalia 25r):i

regius 25r):!

roatratna 25,'i,')

tenuia 2r)r),'>

Phy slculua 2")47

fulvuH 2547

japonicaa 2.'i4!t

kaiipi 2') IT

iieniatopiis 2548

rastrclliger 2r)4!i

pbysignathna, Ceraticbtbya 3L'(i

Couoaius li'Jd

Platygobio :!l'4

Phyaogaater 17'J r

Piabiicina :!3'J

panaiuensia :i:i'J

Picarela I:iii4

picarti, Herairhampbua 7'JO

Picconou 11) I

piceua, Haliatea 1711

Melicbtbya 1711

]iicbardi, Joturua ^- 1

Pickt-rel tIJH

Banded ti'JG

h

' f

1

i:

Index.

3065

Page.

687
, 230, 24(1

2;t7

242

241
24'J
241
24'J

24:i

io;n
lo;))

1031
1411

i4i;i

103(1
131
130
131

28r);t

2208
22fis
2532

25y2
2r)r)r)

2550
2555
2551
2555
2555
2554
2555
2553
2553
2553
2555
2555
2547
2547
2540
2517
2548
2540
3'JO
320
3114
.. 172:
33'J
3:!'^
i:!(i4
7'J"
I'.il

... nil
nil

SUl

(;'28

Page.

I'iclterel Common Eastern 627

Little 627

Pickering 1022

PiiiorelluH 625

I>icta, Miinvna 2805

])ictipiuui8, ClielidonichtliyH 2175

Trigla 2176

)>icturata, Aluteni 1719

GumbiiHia 68>'i

Seriola 910

pictiiratuni, SiphoHtonui 768

pictiiriitiu, ('aranx 910

Uyninothorax 395

SyngnatlniH 708

Tracliunis 909

pictns, Cuntronotus 2416

Cliaunax 2726

Chironectos 2717

Chirns 1873

Eleotris 2201

Oy mnelis 2477

Gyninotliorax 2805

Iridis 1599

Julis 1600

Lycodontis 2805

Oxy lebius. 1878

PhoIiH 2415,2416

I'latyglosHUS 1600

Torpodo 78

Uroctsntriis 2416

Piciula 823

piciida, Spliyru iia 823

Piciidilla 824

j)ii'iidilla, Spliyni'na 824

pidienae, Moxostonia 191

]iidiont)iM, Ptyeliostonuis 191

l)igcr, Syniphurus 2705

PigHsh 1338

Piglisbes 1334

pigmontariiiH, A pogon 1 109

Monoprion 1 109

Pigmy Sunflslies 981

pigra, Aphoristia 2706

PiguB 243

I'ike, Blue 1021

Common 628

Gar 109

Gray 1022

Great 629

Northern 630

Green 627

Sacramento 224,2796

Sand 1022

Wall-eyed 1021

Yellow 1021

PiVe-like Fislics 622

3030 115

Page.

Pike Porch 1021

Pikea 1135

Pikes 624

Gar 108

pilatuB, PrionotuH 21.'>6

Pileoma 1024

bimaculata 1027

carbonari 1027

cymnto!.'ramma 1053

nebiilosa 1027

Hcmilasciatum 1027

zebra 1028

pili(;ornis, lllenniiis 2380

PilodictlH limosiis 142

ollvaris 143

))ilo8n, Solea 2699

pib>8UH, Diodon 1744,1752

Tricbodiodon 1743,1744

Pilot, lUatk 1555

Cockeye 1555,1561

Pilot-flsb 465

Pilot-fislies 900

Pilot, Shark's 902

Pimelepterns 1384

analogus 1386

boHci 1388

bos(iuii 1388

cornubiensis 904

elegans 1387

flavolineatiis 1386

incisor 1386

lutesceus 1389

oblongior 1388

ocyurns 1390

Pimolodella 153

chagresi 154

modesta 154

PimelodiniB 116

Pimelodua 116, l.'>4

leneua 143

atfinis 134

ailnnis 140

albidns 132, 138

antoniensis 140

argenteus 125

argentinus 135

argyruM 135

atrarius 140

baronis-mulleri 151

blocliii 155

borealis 137

brachypterus 152

ctenosiis 140

Civrulesceus 135

catulus 141

catus 140

3066

Index.

i'

■• {

'A \

'■ ^

1- 1

n

m

PllgO.

FiraelcHliis <iaiu1afurcatns 1!)5

cliagrcni 154

clariaH 155

conflnis 141

cnpreoideB 140

cupreuH 140

dekayi 140

ery tliroptora 1^5

feIiiiU8 140

ftlis 141

fiirciitus 134

f urcifer 135

godinani 152

gracilin 135

gracioHiiH 135

guatonialeosis 152

liaminoiidi 135

hoiiglii 135

hoyi 141

hypaelurns 152

insigno 147

lateralis 135

laticaiulna 1 52

letniiiscatiis 147

liipuH 137

lynx 13fc'

niarronenia 155

iiia('ulatu8 135,155

niaiiiigiiensiH 153

iiiarginntus 135

marmoratus 141

megalopH 135

inicropteriis 153

niodestuH 154

niotagiicnsis 151

natalia 140

ncbulosiiB 140

nicaragiiensis 152

nigrescens 137

nigricans 137

notatus 135

pallidus 135

petenensis 153

platycephalus 142

polycaalus 153

pulliis 141

pnnctulatns 143

rigidus 155

aalvini 152

spixii .- 132

vulgaris 140

vulpecnlus 141

vulpes 135

wagneri 151

Pimelometopon 1585

darwinil 1580

I'agr.

Piniolomotopon piilcher 15m.'>

rimolonot lis 1 40

Pinicplialos 21fi

JigaHsi/.ii 217

I'aHciatus 217

inacuIuHiis 217

niilnsi 217

iiotatiiH 2IS, 27!tti

proniolas 217

(^onl'ortus 217

iiiaciildsiiH .. . 217

Pincers 431

Pinliuli 1358

pingeli, Triglops I!l2;i, licj,-i

pinguis, llip|>ogl()H8iis . 2011

riatysoniaticli tliys 2fi 1 1

Plouronoctos 20 1 1

pini, Trigla 2177

piiiiiii'i, Acara 13211

Pristiponia acara I32:i

Pink-linli 2201'

piiuiala, Miirii'iia ;iril

piniiatiis, iSynaiihobraiichiis ;)r)l

pinnifiiHciatuH. Pseiidoiiloiiroiiectes 2047

piuiiiger, IJryssetasres 232s

Knneacanthu.s . .• 09 1

( tobiesox 2320

Sebastichthy s 1 70 1

Sebastodis 1703,1704

SobaatoHoniUH 170 1

]>iiiniiiiaculiitu8, Ailiti'ichtliys 117

Felicbtbys 117

pin nis, J area marina 1 2ri'J

I'lirdiis brai.chialibiis 1257

piiiniviiriuH, llyiioplectnm iiiiii'(dor 1102

piiiniilata, Seriola 007

])inniilatus, Elegatis 0ii7

Pinta, (barilla 1152

Morena 4()'J

Pintado .' ... 87ri

Pintano 1561

Piutanos 1 56ii

pintita, Morona 307

pintiti, Alura'na 307

Pipo 75K

Pipelish, Conimon 77(i

Great 7tJ(

Ocean 774

Pipefislies 76(i

Piper 72 !

piptoltipis, Notropis 200

Piquier ] 087

Piqiiitinga 443

piqnitinga, llngraulia 44::

piqnottii, Amia Ill)

piraaca, Mouacantbaa 171.'>

Index.

30C7

l.'iH.j
l»!t
•^Iti
'JIT
'J17
'J17
'217
!18,'27i>ii

'217

'217

'217

4;tl

i;tri8
!i'2;i, I'.rj.'i

. '2«1 1
•2611
'2(U1
2177

132;!
i3'2;!

22()'J

:tr)i

351

8 2(147

'232."<

it94

'2;i2!)

17iM

170;», 171)4

17i»l

117

117

1257

11112
907
9117

1152
4()-J
875

1561

1560

:iit7

:W7

75K
770
7111
774
760

72:!

206
16S7

443

44:;

111!
1715

Page.

PirabebC 2183

Piracoabn 830

Piramiitaiia lilochil 155

iiiacroHpila 155

pirapodii, DactylopteriiH 2183

I'lra-plxaiiga or (}at-viscli 1153

I'initr I'enluss 785, 786

Plrati apia 1174

piiitita, Cal>rilla 1181

pixavariiiH, Opliiclitliys 377

piHcatoriuH, Lopliiiin 2713

piHcatrix, J'soiiilorliamdia 155

I'lHCOH 14,1241

piHCOs, Unicormt baliamouHis 1719

pi.scictiluH, Ksox 641

piai'is, Luna 1754

Piacis viriilis baliameiiRis 1638

piHciiloiitiiH, Ksox 641

Kiiiuliilns 641

pisonis, KleotriH 2'201, '2200

(ioliiuM 2'201

PlHuodonopliis 375,377

cruoiitiier 377, 2803

tIaBpilotns 2803

gnttiilatim 377

loiigim 377

ocnlatiis 376

xystunis 376

]iis<iiictuH, Caranx 021

Paratructns 921

pistilliger, Cottu8 2008

EIaphocottii8 2008

Gymnocantlms .. '2006,2008,2009

Pitaraba, Acara ]'276

pitiiitoauH, Kbypticus 1*234

pixanga, Serrauus 1153

pixnnia, Aiuoro '2201

placitua, Ily bognatbus 213

Placopbarynx 197

carinatiia 198

duquesnii 198

Piaglograminus 2427

bopkinsi '2428

plagioplateo, Eleotris capito '2201

Plagioscion 1418

hetiTolepia 1419

HqiiamosisaiuiuH 1418

Buriuamensis 1419

Plaglusa 2704

plagiusa, Apboristia 2710

Glossicbtbys 2710

Plaguela 2710

Pleuronectes 2710

Sympburus 2710

PlagopteriniB 204

Plagox)terus 329

Pag«.

Plagoptcnis argentiHHitniis 329

PbigUHia 2704,2709

brasilieiisis '2709

lasciatft 2710

plagiima 2710

t(>s8illata '270!)

plagiisia, I'loiironootos '2709

Sympburus '2709

I'bigy odontWa* '28'26

Plagyodiis 594, 5!Mi, 2826

Plaice '2048

Plain-tail 879

plana, Platossa 2647

planci, Mobi 1756

Tympaiioniiiini 1754

Plan<^t<'niM '2827, '2828

pbmiccps, AriiiH 1'27

CatoHtonms 181

Notunia 127,2766

Kbinobatiia 64

lilanifrouH, Kiiponiacentrim 1559

Poniac»>nt rus 1559

Planirostra 101

spatula 102

planiiM, Pleuronoctt's 2647

Pacudopleuronectes 2647

Plargy rus 250, 254

argontatua 283

bowniani 283

nielanocopbalns 217

typicus 283

plargyrna, Untilna 282

Plate-lisb 1722

Phitossa 2648

bilineata 2643

dentata 2615,2630

dvinonaiM '2650

eloiigata 2657

ferriiginea '2645

glabra 2650

microcupbala 2654

oblonga 2630

ocellaris 2630

orbignyana 2626

plana 2647

pola 2657

puailla 2647

quadrituberculata '2648

(inadrocellat a 2633

rostrata 2645

8 tellat a 2652

platcsaa. Oaranx 927

platessoidi'8, Citbarns 2615

Drepanopsetta 2615

HippogloaHoides 2614

Pleuronectes '2615

i

■■vm

:'*»

::<'i

3068

Index,

Platiolithys

I'ligoaua...
HtellatuH..
uiiibriitmH.

PlatiroHtru .

eilcntula.

m

Page.
2651
2652
2652
264;i
101
102

PlatoplirjH 260(1,2661

t'onatoUutim 2603

ellipticns 2605

leopnnUiiiis 2606

liioutiii> 2665

inaculifnr 2664

uflbuluris 2664

ficellatus 2663

flpinuHUH 2662

tiuiiioptonis 2068

plntopbrys, Ci*/liariciitliy8 2683

PlatoptcriiH 60

platoryiiohiis, Acipeiiser 107

Scaiihirliyiichua I(i7

platostoiuua, Lupiso.iteuH UU

platycophaliini, PeristtHlion 2180

Platycopbaliia 2028

aniericaiiua 2029

aii^imtiia 2029

(lurinitatur 219.')

platycepbaluM, Anieiiiriia 142

Cottua 1983,1988

MeKalocottiiB 1987

Noturua 144

Piiiieloilua 142

Platygaster 435

Platygluaaus bivittatua 1597

caiulalia 1599, 1 600

1598
1591
1594
1598
1597
1593
15&7
1597
1594
1595
1592
1591
IGOO
1599
1591
radiatus 1501,1597

crotaphiia

cyaiiowtigma . . .

diniidiatiiH

diapilus

tiorealis

garuoti

graiidisiiuamis .

huiiim-alia

iuternaaaliH

maculipinna

iiicbolsi

opaliiius

pictiis

poeyi

priucipia

ruptu.s

HemiciuctuH .

Platygobio

comlntlDl^t
gracilia —
pallidua ...

1593
1593
325
326
326
326

Page.

Platygobio phyaignathua 325

Platyiuiiia 1279,1280

vorax 1281

])latyodon, CarcharbinuH 30

S(|iialiiH ,'10

Platypo«lon 33, 34, 35

falcifurmia

perezi

PlatypdMMliia

inac.ulatua

muutalia

(luit/.euenaia

]>latypogoi), Ariua

36

36

085

680

686

2873

127

Netuiiia 127, 2767

Tachiaurim ...
Platyrhiua exaapurata

triaeriata

platyrbinciiH, Lo])i8U8teu8.
I'latyrhinoidia

127

65

60

111

65

triaeriatiia 65,00

106

36

30

170

170

107

107

2610

2611

2611

2610

933

934

idatyrliiuiiH, Acipeiiner

platyrbynvhua, Carebarhinua

Eulaiiiia

Miuomua

Pautostuiia

Suapbirhyiichus . . .
platyrrhyncbua, Scapliirhynvbupa .

Platyaoiuatichthys

liippogloasoidca

])iiigiii8

Btoiniaa

Platy8omii8

microptoryx

Hpixii 934, 284C

I'latyaqnalua 43, 44

platystomiiH, Lupiaoateus .

Platy tioctes

apua

plebeius, Catostoiims

GasttTosteuB

I'aiitosteua

plebtijus, Miiatelua

110

458

.... 458

171

751

171

29

I'lecopodiis 2203, 2868

2349

2431

2432

10!)()

1690

100

Plectobraucbinas

Plectobrancbua

evidles

I'lcctoguatbi

Plectognatboiis Fisbea.
Plfctospondyli

pluctrodon, Poricbtbya 2321

Plectroinua

buanii

craaHicepH ..
cristiceps . . .

lugtibris

Huborbitalia

840
842
843
843'
842
841

It

Index,

30C0

PlectropoiiiB accoiiRiiin 1 lltU

attiiio 119a

iifiuni 116«

boviniim 111)3

chloruptoriiin 1165

olilorurmii 1 103

crocota 1192

ephippiiim 1 1 02

giiniiui};uttu 1 102

guttiivtiriuin 1102

liiMpaiiiiiii 114U

indigo 1103

inelauorhiiia 1102

inoiiacaiithua 1165

iniiltigiittatus 1166

uigricaiiH 1103

puella 1102

vitiiliiiuni ...-■ 1102

Plectrypops 853

retrospinis 853

pleianiiB, rseiidoscarim 1656

Scarus 1656

pleii, Heinirliuiupluis 723

PloBioperca 1028

anceps 1030

Plenracroniylon 20

pleuriticus, Salnio darkii 2810

iiiykiHS 400

I'lourogadus 2537

gracilis 2538

PliMirogriUimnis 1864

moiiopterygius.. 18C4, 1806

Ploiirolepis 1061

aHprelliiM 1061

pellucidus 1063

PleurouecteH 2648

achirus 2606

americaiuia 2647

apoda 2701

aquusuB 2600

ariMcaca 2672

argus 2666

asper 2645

beanii 2646

biliiieatuH 2643

cicatricosus 2649

cyuoglos'ius 2011, 2657

dentatiiH 2630

digraniiuus 2641

ellipticiiB 2665

elonga^us 2657

ferruginous 2645

frauklinii 2650

gilli 2654

glaber 2050

glacialis 2649

I'nge.

Plt)urono«!teH KUttiilatun 2640

liippOiflosHoides 2611

liippoghiHBiiH 2012

iHcliyruH 2641

kitt 2654

lii'vis 2054

liiuaiidoidt's 2615

liiioatUB 2608, 2701

liuguatiila 2615

liiiiatiis 2666

ina('rolu))idotiiH 2672

ina(;ulatiiH 2000

iiiuciilit'vr 2065

mai'iiIoHUK 2626

in«lnno<;a8ter 2030

iiiicr(i<:upliulu8 2054

luicnmtoiuus 2654

mollis 2701

iiigroiiiiiiiiis 2657

olilongiiH 2033

ubsciirus 2651

pallasii 2048

papillosiis 2672

pi'riircuatus 2643

piugiiis 2611

plagiiisa 2710

plagu.-iia 2709

planus 2047

platesHoides 2615

quadridons 2654

c|uadrituberculatue... 2648

queiiscli 2654

8axi(;ola 2657

stellatus 2652

suriiianiensis 2666

uinlirosus 2643

votulus 2641

PlcMironectidm 2602

Phuuom'ctiiiai 2607

Pleuronichthys 2637

c<vnoHU8 2638, 2639

decurnuis 2637, 2683

guttulatus 2640

(luadrituberculatus 2638

verticallis 2638

pleiirophthalmus, Antounarius 2722

pleurospilns, Girardinus 688

Hutonuulria 688

pleurost ictus, Triglops 1923

Plcurotliyris 603

olfiTsi 604

pluniariua, Anhlstes 1900,1901

plninatula, Calamus 1352

idumbca, Ciiinia'ra 95

Diouda 216

Uambusia 695

i

3070

Index,

I.

PaK<'.

plumboa, Hybognatbus 21C

Lampctra l.'i

plunibKoluH, Alburuops 281)

Minnilus 283

pluiubeum, Zopbundum 216

pliimbuiiH, Ct'i-aticbtbya 324

Couesius 323

Gobio 324

Potrouiyzon 13

pliiniijT, L»( Tetrodou 1733

pliiinieri, CaruMx 912

Chao(oilon 1668

Conodou 1324

C'orypbd'iia 2276

Diabasis 1306

Gerres 1379

Gobiua 2206

Uiciuiiloi. 1804

Labrus 1305

Malacantbns 2275

Mtifjil 812,2841

Scimua 1324

Scomber 911

Scornberoniorus 875

Scorjdbna 1848

Sicydiuiii 2206

Tet rodon 1733

T'-acbiirops 912

Tiiehidioii 830

]>luiiiieriaiiiis, Cnrr.r.r.uii'.orus 911

])liiniierii, Pcdydaotyliis 830

Polyiieiiiiis 830

pliiriinis, Cottus cirrls 2066

pliitoiiia, Ra jii »'!>, 70

pill vialis, Liibrax 2841

Poacber, Sea 2091

I'oacbers, S«!a 2031

pocatullo. CatoHtomiis 175

]M)do.steiiione, nuleoHoiiia 1055

Etlieosfoina 1055

rmlotliems 2054

i>.;cipiter 2055

acipeiiHeriniiH 2061,2062

gilberti 2058

banilini 2056

Itpristetlins 2002

Htiirioidt'H 20i>3

tbunipsoni 2030

vt^tenius 2003, 2064

'•lilsuH 20(18

I'd'ciliii (iilO, 2833

boiu'ardi t"»5, 2834

braiiui-ri 283-t

liiitleri 691,2833

ciciiicola 641

catunata — 648

Page.

I'cci'ilia cbisoyensis 693, 2834

couchiana 695, 283:!

couchii 695

cubensis 692

cuneata 2834

doiiiiniceusiH 696, 2833, 28.'M

«lovii 69.^28;l.•l

olongata 697, 2834

fasciata 64 1

fasciatUH 2833

gillii 692,2834

lineolata 700

inacrolcpidota 641

iiielanogaster 696, 2834

mela]>leura etK'

luexicana 692,2833

luultilineata 700

olivacea 65!)

pavouia 692, 283:!

petenonsis 694, 2833

pliiiiibeus 283;i

presidiuuiH 097

reticulata 2S33

scbneideri 6!»1

Hplienops 694,283;;

8i)iliirii8 607,2833

suriiiaiiieusis 601

tliermalis 693, 28:t:i

(Aoropci'cilia) trideiiB 690

vandepolli 696, 28;i;i

arubensiH 696, 28;!4

vittata 692, 283:!

vi-'i'ara 691,2833

Pa'cilicbtbys 10(i6, 1067. KKIO

artosiin 1004

asprigeiiiH 10^l,^

barratti lloj

beaiii 1057

borcalis 108'J

built-rianuH lloi'

oaiiiiinis , 107ti

I'dTllloUH . 1080

eos 110-J

erocbruiiB IIO'J

oxlliH 1103

fusiforinis IKii

gracilii* lloii

,je8.shn lOM

lateraliH lOitO

lepidus lOMt

luetiSPiiH l(i"i!i

paliiH'ris lliij

piiiiotiilatim 1091

(lulcst'eim ...• 1101

riitilincatiirt Ki"'.'

Hagitta 1081

tfrH

i>2i " '

Index.

3071

Page.

PcBcilichthys sauguifiuus 1077

siixiitilia 1048

spectabilis 1089

swaiiii 1080

versicolor 1089

virgatus 109:t

vitreus 1005

vuliieratus 1077

wancui 1103

zonalis 1075

P(eoiliidai 630

Pa-ciliina- , 632

P(L'ciIioidc8 678

bimaiuilatim 078

Pd'cilocephalim 381

p<L'eiloide8, Lcbistes 689

Liniia 700

Pa-cilojihis 402

lUM'tiirnus 403

IMi'ciluphtlialmiiH, Goliiesox 2335

pa'cilopiis, Myripristia 847

Kliainphoberyx 847

Pti'ciluHoiiiii 1066

ery t lirogastnim 1089

tranavcvsuiu 1089

pH'ciliira, Myxostfima 196

Pociluriclitliya 333

pu'ciluniiii, Moxoatoiiia 190

pn-tnliis, CitliaricIitliyM 2672

piieyi, Alepiiloaiiiirus (Caiilopns)... 596

Daclyloscoiuis 2302

Kiigraulia 445

Gobius 2226

HalicbaTos 1598

Heinirhaiiipbua 720

Iridio 15i)0

LycengraiiliM 2811

Ortliopi istis 133!)

Penipheris 979

Platy gloasus 1599

Kiphostoma 766

StolttpliDriis 445

Synodiis 536

Pogge 2065

Pogonathua 1482

courbina 1483

Pogoiiiaa 1482

L'oiirbina 1483

coniis 1482

I'oiirbina 1483

iusfiatiis 1483

Pogonic'-thyg 223

argyreiosua 224

coinminiia 326

(Plafygobio) ^iiloiit'l-

luH 326

Page.

Pogoiiichthya innjqiiilobua 224

macrolepidotas 223

ay miDetricus 246

P<>gy 433

Po-be-wa 238

Point Loiiia, Blind Goby of 2262

Poiaon 'i'oad-tisbea 2323, 2325

i'uisson Bleu , 517

de Marais 113

Lune 954

pola, Plateaaa 2657

polaria, Blcnuiua 2469

Boreogudua 2534

Cottiia 1999

Lycodalepis 2468

Lycodea 2469

Merlangua 2534

PolhuMuua 2534

Porocpttus 1 998

Polti Flounder 2657

Poliatot renui 6

doinboy 6

atouti 6

politiis, Seriphua 1397

SjiliaToidea 1736

aunulatua 1736

lY'trodon 1736

PoUacliina 2534

Ciirbonariua 2535

chiilcograniHiua 2536, 2537

l»olari8 2.'J34

virena 2534

Pollack 2534

Pugft Sound 2536

Wall-eyed 2536

Pollaclia 2534

Alaakan 2535

poUicaris, Cottua 1941,1953

Uranidea 1954

Xiollux, Pontinua 1857

])oluosoo, Caranx 928

]M)lyacantbo('epbaIu8, Coltua 1B77

Myoxoct'pba-

lua 1976

Polyacantliouot ina' 613

polyactorepbahun. Bryoaleniina.. 2408,2409

polyactocfplialus, Blcnniiis 2409

Cliirolopliia 2409

}H>!vcaulua, I'iineludiia 153

liliamdia 153

Polyi'iribus W',

dunierili 1479

rathbuni 1479

Poly.binua 1477,1478

Polydactyhia 828

approxiuiauB 829

I'll

m

.■m

■if

3072

Index.

i. 11

Ir -I

Page.

Polydactylus octonemus 830

opercularis 830

plumicrii 830

virginicus 829

polygonius, Acauthostraciou 1725

Gymnothorax 304

Lycodontis 394

polylepis, Balistes 1700

Polymixia 854

lowei 854

PolymixiidtB 854

polymorpbus, Gadus 2540

PolynemidiB 827,2841

Polynemns 828

anicrioanus 830

approxiinans 829

artedi 828

californiensis 829

macroneinns 828

inaugo 830

melauopoma 831

octofilis 830

octonemus 830

oligodon 830

opercularia 831

plumierii 830

quinqiiarius 828

sexradiatus 2183

tridigitatuB 2177

virginicus 830

Polyodon 101

feuille 102

i'olium 102

spathula 101,102

PolyodontidiB 101

Polyprion 1138

americanus 1139

ceruium 1139

oxygenius 1139

Polyprioninu) 1128

Poly prosopuB 51

niacer .' 51

Polyj)terichtliy 8 754

poly trema, Bdelloatonia 6

Polyurano<1on 392

Pomocampsia 1020

PomacAnthinm 1670,2860

Pouiacantliodes 1670, 1 081

zonipectuB 1082

FomacantliuB 1679,2859

arcuatuB 1679,1680,1681

aureus 1680

baltoatuB 1680

ciliaris 1685, 1680

cingiilatuH 1680

cresceu talis 1082

Pago.

PomaeauthuB para 1680,1681,285!)

passer 1683

quinqnecinctuB 1680

tricolor 1684

' zonipectus 1681

Pomacentridn? 1543

Pomacentrino) 1544

Pomacentrus adnstns 1552

analigutta 1554

analis 1555

atrocyaneus 155'J

bairdii 1567

caudalis 1556, 1557

denegatuB 15G7

dorHopunicans 1557

flavilatUB 1.558

fuBOiis 1552

leucostictus 1 550

niveatus 1568

oliBCuratU8 1552, 1555

otopliorus 1555

paritus 1558

planifrons 155S»

quadrigutta 1570

rectifru-nuni 1554

rubicunduB 1565

A'ariabilis 1552

xantliurus 15.57

Pouiadasis 132D

andrei 1332

axillaris 1328

bayanus 1331

branioki 1333

corviuffiformis 1327

crocro 1333

dovii 1318

elongatus 1328

humilis 1331

leuciscuH 1328

niacracanthuB 1332

nitiduB 1326

I>acifioi 1316

pananienHiB 1331

productuH 1332

ramoBua 1334

Poraadasys approxinians 1333

cH'sius ..'. 1317

davidsuni 1321

leucisouB 1328

niodestus 1321

virginicus 1323

Poinataprion 1565

dorsalis 1570

PomatoinichtbyH 1111

I'oniatoniidat 946

PomatomuB 946, 1111

!

Index,

3073

Page.

31,285!)
168;!
1680
1684
1681
1543
1544
1552
1554
1555
155-J
1567
556, 1557
1567
1557
1558
1552
1556
1568
1552,1555
1555

1558

155l»

1570

1554

1565

1552

1557

1329

1332

1328

1331

1333

1327

133;)

1318

1328

1331

1328

1332

1326

1316

1331

1332

1334

1333

1317

1321

1328

1321

1323

1565

1570

nil

945
046, nil

Page.

Pomatomus saltator 947

saltatrlx 946

8kib 947

Poiiiatopsetta 2614

dentata 2615

PomatoschistUH 2210

Poiiifrets 956,958,959

I'oniolubuH 424

ivstivalis 426

chrysochloris 425

inediocris 425, 2810

pseudobarongus 426

lacus-

tris.. 426

vernalis 426

Pomotis 999, 1006

bombifrous 1003

breviceps 1003

catesbei 1010

cbajtodou 995

coiivexifrons 1003

elougatim 1001

fallax 1003

gibbosus 1005

giilo.sua 992

guttatiiH 993

licros 1007

holbrooki 1008

incisor 1005

i iLscriptUH 1003

longulus 996

luiiii 1006

iiiargiiiiitus 1003

inii'nilupliim 1008

nefastus 1003

iiitida 1003

notatus 1008

obe-sim 993

obacurus 1006

pallidas 1007

]iopeii 1003

raveui'lii 1010

riibic.auda 1001

sauguinolentii 1003

Bolis 1001

speoioHUs 1006, 1008

vulgariH 1010

pomotis, Acaiitbarcliiis 989

Anibloplitt'8 989

Ceil) rarcbua 989

PonioxiM 986

anuiilaris 987

Hparoidca 987

Poiuoxys 986

bnivicauda 987

iiitoriuediiia 987

1"

Pago.

Poinoxys pr otacanthuB 987

sparoidea 988

I'ompauo, .California 967

Common 9^4

Irish 1376

Pompbilus 900

Pompilua 962

porapilus, Controlopbns 963

Tbynnus 900

Pomjioii 1318

PoncoPrieto 1297

Pond Smelt 525

ponderoaus, Amiurus 137

Ictalurua 137

pondiceriana, Elacate 948

ponticiia, Gasterostens 747

Uippoglossus 2612

Poiitinus 1854

castor 1856

longispinis 1858

macrolepia 1855

pollux 1857

ratbbuni 1857

sierra 1859

popeii, Pomotis 1003

Pop-eye 2586

I'urbeagles 49

porca, Scorptena 1839

Porcupiuo-fiab 1742, 1744

Porgeo 1509

Porgies 1343

r -'ater 1344

f ^ 1356

Porgy 1346

Grass 1855

Jolt-head r52

Little-head 1350

Littlo-moutb 1354

Red 1356

Saucer-eye 1349

Shad 1355

Sbeepshead 1354

Southern 1346

White-bone 1353

Porichthys 2317

margaritatus 2322

nautopicdium 2323

notatus 2321

plectrodon 2321

porosissiiiius 2310,2321

porifer, Lycenchelys 2471

Ly vodes 2472

Porkflsh 1322

Porobroncbus 2495

Poroclinus 2433

rothrocki 2434

3074

Index.

Page.

I'orocottus 1986

bradfordi 2862

polaria 1098

• quadratus 1998

quadrifllis 1999, 2000, 2863

sellaris 1900,2863

tentaculatus 2000, 2862

Poroderma 23

Porogadus 2519

miles 2520

pronielas 2512

Porogobius 2210

Poromltra 840

capito 840

Puronotua 965,967,2849

siiuillinius 967

triaciiuthus 2849

porosissiniuH, Batrachus 2321

Porichthys 2319, 2321

porosurt, CarchariaH 37

Cottus 1975

Khox 627

Porte Eimt'igno 1687

Porthiiieus 2848

Portugais 1679

Portuguese Maii-<»1" War Fisli 949

Post Croaker 1458

]K)stica, Eclieiieis 2272

Potaiuocuttus 1942

bendirui 1965

caroliiiiu 1952

piinctutatiis 1949

zopheriis 1952

Potoinaci Sliad 427

pottxii, Aplesion 1083

lioleosonia 1083

Etbeostoina 1082

pour talesii, Artthosargus 1360

Sargus 1360

Pout, Homed 135,140

l»o welli, lialistes 1702

pra'cisus, Cliiius 2441

KuineaogramiDus 2441

pricstabilis, Alosn 428

priustigiator, Centropristis 1214

Serranus 1214

presidionis, Piuciliu 097

pretiosa, Argentina 525

pretiosus, Uy]ioniesus 525

Osnierus 52F.

Kuvfttus 879

Thyrsiti'8 880

Tracliirhthya 837

I'rctre, Pficbe 1784

I'riaeantliichthys 1148

I'riauauthida) 1230

Pag...

Friacanthus 1237

altus 1241'

arenatus 1237,1'j:!-

caroliuus 'jSo..-

catalufa i2,'th

cepedianus 123k

crueiitatiis 1238, 285>;

fulgeus 12;;,-!

macropbtlialmus iL>:i,^

scblegeli 285H

serrula I2;i:i

pribilovius, Nautiehthys 202i!

Nautiscus 20lii

pricei, Campostonia 20")

A'illarius 'jT'Ji^

Prick Fish 5., j

Prickly Hullhead v... iWi

Priest Fish i7k 1

Prieta, Agu,ja m\

Mojarra I2li:)

Morena 2K(i i

Prieto Pargo yi'si

Itobalo 1 1 1 1 1

Ronco i'ji)7

prieto, Lutjanus rjj:;

Prilouotus 1741, I7i'j

(Aucbisomus) caudicinc-

tus 17 rj

Priiuospina 1765,1774.17s:!

princeps, Caulolatilus 2276, 2J77

Cottiis I'.ii;:

Latilus '_>:.'77

)>rin<dpis, Anteunarius 27r.i

Cliirouectes ,. 271'.i

Julia l.");i|

Pbityglosaus Vm\

Priuodon (i7(i

Priocbiuopliis 392, 393, wm

iiieleagris 3!iii

oceUatus 3!i!)

Priouaco 33

glauca ,33

Priouist iua l!)'.'7

macellus 19JH

Prionodes 1208, 1200, iJlO

ii!quidena r.Mn

bullcri Vt\.\

faaciatus I'jli;

rtavescens I'JI'i

fusculua 1211

lu<'iopercanus I'JIB

phu'be I'J 1 1

atilbustignia 1-lfi

tabai^arius I'Jl.'i

tigrinus 121 1

Priouodon cueuri 4n

Index.

3075

Pagt.
1237
1241
1237,12;i-
285.-
12:it-
123h
1238, 285^
12:i.''
12:i>
285f;

I2;i'.i

2112''
2iJl'.i

2or,

2TU1I

I'J-t i

l'>^i

Kill

12'.MI

2W1 1
12.Vi
Ul'i
12'.l7

12.'.;;
. 1741,171-
inc-

171-J
55,1774.17,^:1
. . 2276,2277

I'.u;:;

2-J77
271'.!
271 '.I
liV.n
ir>'.il
(170
1 392, 393, :i'.»fl
;«»'.»
3'.ll)
;i;i
;i;i

1927
192«
)8, 1201t, 1210
12111
121:;
1212
121".
1211
121B
1211
121';
121."'
1211
40

rage.

Prioiiodou obvclatus 35

PrionotuB 2148, 21.')0, 21 60, 2867

alatns 2159

albirostris 2103

beanii 2170

birostratiis 21 52, 2156

caroliuus 2156, 2157

cgretta 2175

ovolans 2107, 2168, 2161)

gyiiinoHtothiis 2153

boireim 2172

liiieatus 2167

loxias 2155,21.56

iiiile» 2160

opiiryim 2164

Iiahiiipea 2167

pilatus 2156

pinirtatuH 2158, 2164, 2169

quiesct'iia 2161

roseim 2158

nibio 2164

sarritor 2169

scituliis 2157

HteariiHi 2166

sti'iiban()i>liryH 2161

strigatiis 2107

tribnluH 2171 , 2172

xeiii8ina 21.")4

Prioimni.s biticIavinH 1690

piinctatus 1695

Pilstiiliii 60

Prist ipiHtcr 438

cayiiiiim 438

dovii 437

tlavi|)iiiiii8 436

liiti|iiiiiiii« 437

macr()|iH 437

inartii 438

iiuicriinatiis 438

(Otloiitojjiiatbim) pana-

iiieiiHiM 438

pliaetoii 4:!H

Prist igasterinai 418

Plistipoina 1329,1331

aciira ]iiiiiinn 132:)

aiHlri-i 1332

aural mil 1324,1313

axillare 1328

bi»M)b)r 1320

biliuuatiiin 1319

bout-ai'di 13:i4

braiiirki 1334

brasilienso 1320

brevipiiiiio 1341

caiitbariiiiiiii i:ilO

catbariiiji' 1323

Page.

PriHtlpoiiia cbalceuiu 1338

coro 1324

crocro 1333

c'liltiil'eruin 1333

david.soiiii 1321

dovii 1318

t'aHciat mil 1339

f'ulvuiiiaciihituni 1339

furthi 1319

buniilu 1331

kiieri 1338

It'iicisciis 1328

macra<"iiitliiiiii 1332

iiiulaiioptermn 1319

(Hii'iiinlo]mis)iiitidiiiii.. 1326

iiotatuiii 1321

panaiiionse 1331

productmii 1332

raiu().suui 1334

rodo 1323

Huapiilaro 1321

scrnila 1324,1343

sploiiiatmii 1322

HurinaiiK'uso 1319

triliiiisitmii 1320

virKiniciiiii 1323

PristipiiiiioidfS 1279

Priytis 60

aciitiroMtriH 61

graniiluRa 01

ine;;a](idoii 61

inissiHMipiiieuHis 61

occa 61

peel iiiat 118 60,61,2749

pcrnittcti 60,2749

/.opliyreiis 2749

Prisloliatiis 60

Pristo( aiitliariiM 1334

Proaili, Lucky . 1971

Proainblys 1247

I'roartbri 19

pr(iliat(ioci]dialuH, .\ri'b<)Har;rus ... 1301,1302

Dipltidiis 1301

SjiariiH 13t)l

lirctboKcidali.'*, Agoiioiiialu.s 2037

.\H|iidi)])b(ii-us 2038

proboscidca, Liiiiaiida 2645

]ir<)lioH(',id('iiM, ('ha'iioiiiugil 816

^loiiacantlins 1719

MUKil 816

proci'llaruiii, Myctoidiuin 575

ItrociTii. N'cnelica 365

Pnicuros 101

vitlatUM 102

procciuiii, N't'ttaHtoiiia 306

PriiciTus luaculatuH 102

i.'-s:

.^:;i/

4k

.'I ■

•I
i'l.

■1 >;tl

3076

Index,

:■: I

I'age.

Proohilus 2195

])i'ucne, Cliola * 264

Exoc<Etii8 (Cypselurus) 737

Hybojjnatlius 264

Uybopais 264

Leacisciis 264

Notropis 264

productiiin, Holowntrum 852

Pristipoina 1332

pruductns, Alepoceplialus 452

( "ylindrosteuH 1 M

Engraulia 447

EucinostoiiHis 1372

Gadus 2531

Leuciscns 240

Meilaiigns 2531

Merliicciiis 2531

PomadasiB 1332

Rliinobatus 63

Stolephorus 447

pncliare, Etlieostoiiia 1104

prftsliaris, Etheostoma 1104

Microperra 1103

profundoruin, Acautliocottus 1991

Lepopliidiani ° 2484

Opliidiiiin 2484

Scylliorhinus 22

Zesticelus 1990

profundus, Liitjanim 1264

Mesoprion 1263

Prognatliodes 1671

aciileatiis 1671

progiiathus, Argyrosoniiis 471

Coregouua 472

Prognurus 2866

cypselurus 2866

prolixiiin, Cani])ostonia 200

prolix us, Leuclscus 206

proloiigiis, Loptoconger 363

proiiielas, Moibia 2511

PiiuephalcB 217

confortus 217

inuculosus... 217

Porogadus 2512

Proraptheus 882

Prumuthitus atlanticus 883

prometheus, GempyluB 883

Promethichtliys 882

Promethichthys 882

atlanticus 883

parvipiniiis 883

])roniutlu9U8 882

Proiiiicrops 1162

guasa 1164

guttatus 1162

itaiara 1164

Page.

Promlcropterus 1229,1231, 12:i;t

dccoratns ] 2;j4

Proinoxis nitidus 9^7

Pronotognunmns 1224

cos 1224

muUifasciatus .. 1220

pcruanus I22;i

vivanus 1224

proops, Bagrus 124

Netunia 124

Sciadeiclitbys 123, 2760

Tacliisurus 124

Propterygia 66

I)rorate8, Leptopbidium 248,')

proridens. Calamus 1350

l)roriger, Cliuostonius 240

Leuciscus 240

Sobasticbibys 1788, 17',>:i

Sobastodes 1787, 1792

Squalius 24(1

l>rorigera, (JongcrniuraMia 357

j>r()rigeruni, Opiiisonia 357

proserpina, Moniana 272

Notrojiis 272

Prosopiuni 461,462

couesii 403

prospiiiosuni, Uolocentruiu 8r>3

Pruspinus 11G4

cbloropt erus 1 1 (is

])r()stboiiiius, Coraticlitliys 324

Ciiucsiiis 324

jirostbistiuH, Aiuiurus 13it

protacaiitlius, Pomoxys 987

proteus, Oncorhynclius 47H

Sahiio 47H

jirotoclus, AI yctopbum Sfif)

Protoporus 228

doinninus 233

proxima, Seriola 904

proximus, Gadus 2530

Microgadus 2539

I>ruino8us, <iaduB 254U

Pseduoblcnuius 2400

hypacanMius 24(10

Psenes 950

auratuB 951

cyanopbrys 950

fuscus 951

javauicus 951

luaculatus 951

pellucidus 950

regulus 951

Psetticbtbys 2017

melanostictus 2618

Bordidus 2680

Psottiua- 2608

ri

Index,

3077

Page.

231, 12:1:1
l2:u

987
1224
1224
122<i
122;t
1224
124
124
12:1, 27()it
124
60
2485

lano

241)
240
1788, 17<.»:!
1787, 1792
24(1
357
357
272
272
... 461, 4«2
403

853
11C4
11 ()5

324

324

1:19

987

47H

47H

5ti5

228

23;i
904

2539

25:i9

2540

2400

2400
950
951
950
951
9:.l
951
950
951
2017
2618
2080
2008

Page.

PHeiulariodes 154

imiitbcriniia 155

Pseudarius 119

PHeudobaHtes 1839

PHeudocantbicus 159

pHendourocodiltis, Scopelus 556

pHei' dog Ilia, Eiiciuostomiis 1368

GerreH 1368

pgeudoburuugiis, (Jlupoa 426

Poiiiolobus 426

lacus-

tris . 426

Pseudobeniiodoii 156

pHeudobiapiiuica, Clupea 424

Sardinia 424

pscudobisiianit'ii.s, Clupanodoii 423

PBcudojulis 1604

adiistus 1603

culifornicus 1601

inoniatus 1004

luclanotis 1605

modcstiis 1001

nutoHpilua 1603

yeniiHtus 1602

Paendoloriearia 156

PBeudoinonacantbus 1717

aiuphioxya 1717

PHeudoiiiurii'na 392

Pseudoplioxiiius 1^43

Paeudopleurouoctes 2646

aiiiericanus 2647

liiiiiiit'asciatua. 2647

planus 2647

P8eiidoi)riafautbii8 1239

altiia 1239

aerruia 1239

Pseudorlianidia 153, 1 54

piacatrix 155

PBeudorbouibus 2624

adsperaiia 2627

braailit'iisia 2626

califoniicua 2626

deiitatiia 2030,2632

<>bloiigii8 2630

ocellaria 2630

<luadrocellatu8 2635

vorax 2026

PseudoacaruH acutiis 1053

aracaiiga 1048

cairuleua 1654

cbloriH 1648,1654

(•(Eleatinu.s 1055, 1056

diadeiiia 1640

flavoinargiuatua 1052

giiathod us 1 650

guacaiuaia. . . . 1656, 1657, 1050

Page.

Paoudoacarua linoolatua 1651

inicrurrbiiioa 1655

iiuclialia 10.54

obtiiHua 1054

l>errico 10.59

pleianua 1650

puiictiilatua 1046

p.sittaruH 1647

quadrispiiiosUH 1648

lostratus 1658

sauctm-crucia 1051

simplex 1656

auperbus 1650

taniopterus 1040, 1647

trispiiioHua 1648

turcbesiua 1659

vetula 1650

Paeudo-sciama aurinanienaia 1420

Pseudoacopelua 2292

scriptu.s 2292

I'seudotriakida- 26

Pseudotriakis 27

microdon 27

Paeudoxipliopburua 678

biiiiauulatus... 678

reticulatus 678

Paeudupeueua 858

Pailuiiut U8 1741

puiu'tatiaaiiuua 1741

paittacinus, (Joiitropriatia 1213

Serranus 1213

paittaculua, Juliii 1597

Labrua 1,596

paittacua, ("all yodoii 1638

Cbeilicbthya 1740

Colouieaua 1740

Coryphdiia 1619

Lacbuolaiinua I.j80

Paeudoat'aruH 1647

Si'arua 1647

Tetrodoii 1740

Xyrlcbtbya 1618, 1619

Paychrolutea 2o25

paradoxua 2026

zebra 2027

Psyclirolutina'. 188:1

Psycbroniaater loyo

tuscumbia lloo

Pt«raclida^ 955

Pterat'.lia 055

caroliiiua 956

triebopteruB 950

Plereugraulia 450

atheriuoides 4.50

Pteroi'cpbala 92

I'teroguatbua 2:154, 2355

ivlf

V.^.

-X^^ -"-Ki-'t-'T^-Wrj,-.

3078

Index.

Page.

Ptoronotua 149

Pterophryne 2715

glbba 2717-

histrio 2716

liovijjata 2717 |

Pterophrynoidfs 2715

Pteroplatea 86

trobrlpiiiu'tata 87,275;!

iiuiclura ." 86

niarmorata 87, 2754

rava 2754

Pteropodus 1765, 1770, 1819, 2860

(lallii 1819

IMilichtliyirta' 2451

Ptilichthys 2452

goodoi 2452

Ptychoclioiliis 224

gracilis 225

fiiainlis 225,2796

haiiordi 225.2797

Im-ins 225

major 225,2797

<>regoneii8i.s 224, 2796

rapax 225

vorax 227

I'tycliolepis 414

Ptycliostoimis 1 87

albiUus 192

albas 191

brevicops 196

bucco 191

cerviiiuH 197

collapsus 190

coiiiis 196

corcgoiin.s 191

crassilabris 194

duqiiesiiei 191!

orytlirurus 19;t

liaydeni 187

lachryraalis 194

onei<Ia 193

papiUoBUs 189

pidiousis 191

roljustiis 193

thalasniniis 192

velatus 190

Ptyonotiis 2005

thonipsoni i 2005

Piiddiiig-wife 1590

I'lidiano 1583

Verde l.')90, 1.591

Vermelho 1583

pnella, Hypoplectrus 1192

unicob)r 1192

Plectropoma 1192

jmellaris, Cossyphtis 1584

I'age.

piiellaris, Decodon 1584

Puer<:o Espino 1745

Pez 1700, 1704

Puffer \TXA

Smootli 1728

Soutlioni 1732

Tnfters 1720

Sliiirp-nosed 1740

pngeti'iLsis, Artt!diii.s 1800

Chitoiiotus 1891), IWtl

Icelim 1891

Piiset Sound Pollijck 2.-.36

jMigt'tti, (ia.storostwis 751

piilcbclla, ("lila 234

Harpo 1584

>I(>iiiaiia 272

pulclicUoidt's, Lcnciscns 222

])ulcliollu8, Piodiaiiu.s 1584

Clieiloncinus 222

Cossypbus 1584

CytlogastiT 21 27

( 'y inatogaster 1503

Haplocliilus 659

Ilistiopliorus 891

Liiiiciaciis 221

Leucosoiiiu.s 222

Liparis 2120

Oligocephalus 1089

SqualiiLS 234

Zygoiioctes 659

piilclier, Eqnrs 1489

Labr us •- 15H5

Ncozoarclit's 242(5

PiiiicloiiH^topon 1 585

Sciuicoasyplius 1585

S(|ualius 234

Trocbocopus 1585

pnlchra, llariio 1585

Tigoina 234

puUnni, ( 'liondroatoma 206

pullim, Aniiiinia 141

Caiitlierincs 1713

Moiiacantlius 1713

PinielodUH 141

imlverous, Fiindulus 652

Zy gonecte.s 652

pnlvernlentiim, Oxygeneuiu 207

l)ulvoruloiitii8, Myloleiicus 246

Ptitiipkin Seed 1009

Piinaru 2397

piincta, Fiircaria 1547

punctata, Alutera 1718, 1719

Bairdiella 1434

GanibuBia 679

Lanina 48

Miini^na 395

- li

1584

1745

1700, 1704

l7:i:t

1728

i-:ia

17'^C
174»»
1800
. 189l>, IS'.tl
1891
2:i3C
751
2;i4
1584
272
222
1584
222
1584
2127
15tl3

(mO

«'.)1

221

222
212(>

108!)

2;m

65'.>

148'.)

innr.

'242(i

1585

1585

2;i4

1585

1585

2;t4

20f>

141

17i:i

1713

141

C52
«52
207
246
1009
2397
1547
J71H, 1711)
1434
679
48
395

Index.

3070

Page.

punctata, Alura^nophifl 397

Porca 1145,1146,1433

Scii«!iia 1434

Trigla 2170

]iiinctntiH!4iiiia, Angiiilla 348

ixinctatissiiiiim, Cantliigaster 1741

Ttitrodoi) 1741

)iiiiictutiiiii, JlyjuTprosopoii argun-

teiim 1502

Myctophuin 570

OpisthognathiiH 2281

Sicydiiim 2867

pnnctatuR, Apomotis 997

BiiliHtes 1702

JJlennius 2390, 2440

1io(1iaiiii8 1146

fnlvns 1146

BryttUH 998

Caranx 908

Carcliarias 41

Coratacaiithiis 2860

Cliinis 2440

Decaptonis !)07

Dermatolt'pis 1168

Diodon 1740

EniK-acentriiH 1140

Epinophelns 1154, 1146

Eq lies 1488, 1489

Fuiiiliiliis 037,2827

(ladiis 2553

GunuoUus 2440

Hol(»(!entrus 1153

Hyploiirocliilus 2390

Iclif liii'liirus 135

Ictaliirus 134

Isesthcs 2390

Lcpoiiii« 998

MicriHloiliis 52

Mona<;aiitlnis 1713,1719

Morrhtia 2543

Myropliiw 371

Oiistliognathus 2281

Prlouotiis 2158, 2104, 2169

Prionunis 1695

Silurus 135

Sqiialiia 26,43

Stichii'118 2439

Tctrodon 1735

Tracliinus 1 153

Upeneua '. . 859

XesuruM 1694.1695

puucticr'p.s, Cryptoptenis 382

Opliiclitlius 382

Ophichthys 382

puncticulata, Ganibiisia 680

Fercu marina 1146

Page.

piiiicticulatuH, Apogonichthys 1111

Ariiis 131

Cliilomycteru8 1750

pnnctifer, Crotalopsix 387

Dionda 215

Opliiththys 387

IlybogiLitli 118 (Dionda) . . 215

]iunctiferii8, l{odianii8 1147

itleneplioi'118 1147

puuctipinnc, SiphoRtoina 763

piuictipiiiniH, Ayn-aia 1548

Chnnnis 1548

Dermatostct hu8 763

piinctiilata, Cory plia-na 953

MicroptM-ca 1104

Uranidca 1949

ptiuctulatiini, BoltMmoma 1091

El lieostoma 1090

punctnlatiiB, Calliiirus !)92, 1011

Cottus 1948

1)11 irdi 1950

Gobi(!80x 2338

Blppocanipiis 777

Lainpuifiia 953

Minnilii8 302

Notropia unibratilia . . 301

Piiiiob)dii3 143

Pd'cilichtbys 1091

Potamocottiis 1949

l*8eiidoHcarii8 1646

Scarus 1645

Si<iya8es '^338

Kqiialns 26

Pufiecas 2195

pungitiim, Gaaterosteus 745

bracliypoda 746

Pyg08ten8 745

lirachypoda. . 746

piin.ceus, Hyborbyncbns 218

Piira<iue 63

purpnrascens, Elops 410

purpuratus, Sabiio 492, 499, 2819

boiiviori 496

purpurea, Tigoma, 234

purpureacene, Anoplarcliua 2423

Lcpomis 1006

Salpa varit^gata 1271

purpureua, Leuciscus 234

Lut^janu8 1264

Merlangus 2535

Sebasticbtliys 1826

S<iualiu8 234

Pursy Minnows 670, 671

pusilla, Aphoristia 2711

Bothrocara 2476

Clupea 426

If

3080

Index,

t

%

''- \'

' -

-1 ;

i

•■

%

N

4

1

Page.

IMiHilla, Maynea 2470

Perca 1107

Platessa 2647

pusilluDi, Acauthidiiiin 55

puailluB, Argyrosoiiius 470

EtmoptoniH 55

Spiiiax : . 55

Symplihrus 2710

putaol, < iy niiiotus .141

piitiianii, Acipeuser 104

Cottogastvr 1040

Euchalarodiis 2050

Liopsetta 2050

]>ygiiitfa, Kucalia inconstans 744

Umbra 024

llnii «24

j>ygniiPU8, (ladiis 2542

( laaterosteuH 744

Leucisciis 024

Pygosteim 745

pungitius 745

brachypwla . . 745

Pylodictis liniosus 143

pyrainidatus Cyclopteriis 2007

pyrrliogaster, Chroaoiima 210

pyrrhomelaB, Cliola 28 1

Codoma 281

Notropis 280

Photogenis 281

Py tlionichthys ;i90

sanguineus 390

<iuadracus, Apeltea 752

Gasterosteus 752

i|Uiidranguluri8, Selone 1008

<]u:idratu8, Porocottus 1998

Zeus 1068

qnadricorue, Ostraciuin 1 725

(luadricornis, Agonus 204 1

A spidophorus 204 1

Cottus 21101

HypsagonuH 2038, 2041

Ostiacion 1725

<iua<lri(len8, Pleuronoctes 2654

<ina'li itiiHciatus, ChasniodeM 2392

Pholia 2302,2394

(luadrifllis, Bathy ptorois 545

Cottus 1998,2001)

Porocottus 1999, 2000

quadrigntta, Pomacentrus 1570

quadrilateralis, Coregonus 465

quadrilineatuui, Ha^niulon 1309, 131 1

quadriloba, Raia 90

Kbinoptera 90

quadrimaculatus, Diodon 1746

PariMliodon 1746

Page.

i|uadriporuB, (iubiuH 2221

quii:lripunctatu.>4. Scomber 860

qundrircnii-', Kxocn'tuH 735

quadriHCUti.s, Arius 126

Notuuia 120

(|iiadriNorl»tii4, Arledius 1897

IcelinuH 1897

IcoluH 1897

iluadriHpinoHUH, Pmuuloaearim 104H

Searus 1648

qiiadritubereiilata, PlatuHsn 2648

<luadritnbercubitU8, Piiroplirys 2648

rii'uroiitetes.. 2648
Pleiiruiiicli-

tbys 2038

quadroeelbita, Am-lyopsetta 2035

IMatessa 2633

(luadrocollatus, Pseudorhonibus 2635

<iuappella, JOtliooHtoina 1804

(luartus, Anthias roiideleti 1266

(^uasky 514

Quassilabia 198

lacera.., 199

( juaHsircnius 380

evioutbas 380

uotbucliir ;(80

<iuatuurdecinilaiuiuatiis, Kclicncis.. 2272

Queenilsb 1397

quenseli, Pleuroiiectes 2054

quercinuin, Macr<»st«iiia 554

(juerciiiii.s, Not().s«opelu8 555

(juernnau 810

Querimaua 817

gyrans 818

luirengnH 817

queriia, A/.evia 26/5.

( "yelopsetta 2675

Quia-<iuia 9J7

Qiiiebra 898

quiebra, ClioriuemuH 899

Licbia 899

•luiesceiis, CopelandBlhis 1100

KtbeoHtoiiia 1101

Pu(iliclitby.s 1101

PrionotiiH , 21(il

Uranidea 1908

Quietula 2251

y-eaiula 2251, 2252

(^nillback 167

Quill-flsbes 2451

Quinuat Sabiion 474, 479

(luiunat, Oneorbynchus 480

Salmo 480

(luiuquariuH, Pentaiieinus 828

Polyneiiiu.i 828

quinqueaculeata, liaja 88

Index.

a()81

Tttge.
2221

869

735

126
120

1*J1>7

1897

1897

1048

..... 1848

2648

\.... 2648
,U-«.. 2648
licli-

2038

2635

. .... 2633
us.... 2635

1804

\ 1266

5U

' 198

' 199

/_ 380

380

' ;i80

iineiH-- 2272

1397

2654

'//. 554

555
810
817
818
817
26;5.
2675
9i)7
898
899
89'->
1100

1101
1101
2101

..... 1968

2251

... 2251,2252

167

..... 2451

." 474,479

: 480

..-.-- 480

.... 828

828

88

qnin(|i>o<'iiiotiiB, FomacaiithuB

qulnqiiefas(uutu8, £pine|ilieluH

Scrranns

qiiin(|ii(3liiioatiin), Hii-iiiiilon

<|iiii|uetna('ulaluH, ('ciitronotiiH

()])iflth(>c(tntruH.

( jll!f)lltH('ll

«|iioyi, CoHtnii'ioii

(iyroi)U»uro<lu«

Page.

1080

IKU

1164

1311

2430

2430

4H0

21

21

Uiibbit Hsh 882, 1748

UiililiitiiKiiitli Snckor 198, 199

lialxlophuniH 1672

Kiibida 144,145,146

Kabinibia 1274, 1275

(Ic 1(» Alto ...

giiiiizarn

ineriniH

rabiriibia, AiithiaH

JiabirubiaH

Kabula

aqiia'-dulcis

luiigicniula

niariiiurt>a

)iaiianiL-iiHia ....

Ilaccoon I'erfli

Hadiycdutridii'

liarliycentron

canndua .

radiaU', Diplectnim

I'adialiH, Centropristis. .
I)iple(^truiii . . .

Sorramis

radians, CViitiopristiH. .
Diplectruni ...
Labrus

1221

1580

1274

1270

1275

390

390

391

391

391

1023

946

948

948

1204

1205

1205

1205

1208

1208

1633

Sianis 1032.1033

Serraniis 1208

Sparisoma 1632

radinta, Kaia 09

liaja 09

ra^liato, Tardus oculo 1 703

radiatus, C'liaa-ojulia 1591

Haliclia^res 1591

Iridio 1590

Labrus 1591 i

Lupbiu.s 2738 ■

radiatus, Ogcoceplialus 2738 j

Platyglossus 1591, 1597

Sparus 1590 \

radiosiis, Autounarius 2725

Itaduliuus 1919

asprellus 1920

boleoides 1919

raflues(iuei, Acipeuser 106

CoUettia. 567

Cylindrosteus Ill

3030 lie

Tago.

ralhu>s(|iioi, MyctOpbuH 567

S<apliirliyiiclius 107

Scopflns 567

RartnesquicUus 1060, 1008,1082

Uag Fisiu-s »«8

Raia 66

aiuericana 69

birostris 93

rhantonay 71

(idoperi 73

desnuirestia 71

diapiuina 71

('glautoi'ia 08, 7 1

erinacca 08

liinbriala 93

flagclluin 88

inornata 73

int'i'iuis 73

Jordaui '. 73

niaclura 87

uianat ia U3

iiarinari ■. 88

(ibtusa 2751

(icellata 69

paruiift'ra 7,'i

quadriloba oo

rad iat a «i9

rbina 72

tradiura 76

tuboffulata 84

llaiada, Ma,iarra 1561

Raiado, Roncador 1301,1313

Sargo 1361

Raie tuberculee 84

rail. Urania 958,959

Sparus 960

Rainbow Darter 1088

Herring r)24

Trout 500

Rainwater Fish 065

Raizero 1247,1251,1273

Raja 66,2750

abyssicola 70, 2751

adkley i 70

aleut ica 75, 2751

binoculata 72

bonasuH 00

centrura 83

diabolus inarinus 93

eglanturia 71

equatorialis 74, 2751

orinacea 69

fyllii" 68

granulata 72

inornata 73

intcrrupta 2751

...r-l-r

308li

Index.

I ' \M ■'

vi ■'

Pagi>.

UiOa JuuiaiceiiHiH 81

111' vis 71

occlliita 68

uniat a 71

imrniit'vrii 74

perci^UuiiH n;i

|i]iitonia Ol», 70

i|iiiiii|iioii<:ul«iitu 88

rudiatii (10

rhina 72

roHlspiniB '2751

Hay 86

Hcii ta 71

Rluaui 81

Htelliilata 7A

trachura I'i

Ti\\\, Drama 960

Knjidin 66

ralcifibana, Ilurriotta 06

rainmelsborgii, Mugil 812

rainuHum, Priittipuina 13:i4

ramoHUo, PoniadaaiH 1 ;)34

Kainiilaria 2633

deiulritica 2633

raiiHOiinetii, Neoditrcma 1511

raniila, Caroproctiis 2134

Lipuris 2134

Kanxania 1755

luakua 1755

trnncata 1755, 1756

Kaiizauini^ 1752

rapax, Ptjxhoclioiliis 225

raphiduma, Bolono 716

Tylosunis 715

raptor, Uadus 2552

Raro 404

rarus, Kliinoscopelus r>tIO

Scopeliiu 560

Kascaoio 1848

raacacio, ScorjHBna 1849

Rasciora 1794

Rasher 1794

rashleiglianuH, Squalus 51

raatralis, Stolophorus 281 1

rastrelliger, PliysicHlua 2549

Sebastlclithys 1820

Sebaatodes 1810,1821

Raatriniia 1000

scutiger lOOO

Rattisb 05

Rathbimella 2280

bypoplecta 2200

rathbuni, Fundulus 649

Mulloides 857

Paraloncburua 1479

PolycirrhuB 1479

nillibiiiii, PontiiiiiH
Upt'iieiiH .

Katou

Kattail, Coiiuiioii ..
raiiulii, A('i|H)tiHt>r ..

rauciiH, SargiiH

ravii, I'tt-roplatfa...

Pa^e.

, 1857

857

, 820

2583

, 106

1364

2751

Ua veil, Soa 076, 2023

626

1010

2022

86

80

83

90

, 86

88

50

raveiit'li, Khox

ravi'iu'lii, Pomotis ,

Kaveim, Sua

Kay, IJiittertly

('alitbniia Sting

('omiiion Sting

( ,'o\v-iio.se

SoutluTii Sting

Sjiotted Sting

Kays

Ea-ile 87, 80

Klectric^ 76

Uoiiiid Sting 70

Sting . . . -■ 70, 82

Tlii( ktailed 60

AVliiptailed 70

Kazor-baclt ISiiHalu 164

Sucktr 184

Razor-llsli... 1617, 161H

Kual, Mata.ini'lo

ructangiilan', Cii'lilasonia

rectangiilaris, Acara

rectifru'uuni. Eup()niacentrii>4 ..

Poniacentrus

reciirvirosrri.s, Sayris

Ked-lullied Daio

Redbreast Hreani

rcddingi, Ort liopristlH

Ked Drmns

Ited-cye

Little

Mull.-t

K.'d Fallflsli

Ilcd-lin

410

1515

1515

1553

]5,-.4

725

2011

1001

1336

1453

000

00(i

8H

280

281,20,S

Kedfisb 481, 1453, 17(ili

Hull

California

Little

Red Goatfisli

Grouper

Giiativore

(i u rnard

14'.;!

15H.-.

Wl

S.'iK

mill

lur.

2177

ITind 114 1 , 1 15S

187

1!)L'

HIL'

1751

1(W

Redborae

Common

Texas

redi, Ortliragoriscus

Red-mouth Buil'alo Fish.

Index,

3083

1857
857
820
258;i
10«
1:104
2751
070, 202;i
020
1010
2022
80
80
83
00
80
8H

no

. 87, 80
"0
70
. . 70, 82
00
70
104
184
1017, lOlH
410
151 r>
1515
155;!
1554
7'J5
2'i'.i
1001

i;i:iti

145;!
!t!IO
!)'.«•)
811

28C)

281,208

481,14.5;!, 1700
145',t
1585
4811
858
110(1
1145
2177
. 1141, 115S
187
lO'J
1»'^
1754

Tune.

Uuci-iiumi li ( i runt i:i08

Ktil I'linot I'MhIi 1035

INiiny 13.50

RorktlHli 1805

IJock Trout 1872

Koiii'udor 1450

Sciilplu 1035

Sniip]>t'r 1204

Sturgoon 100

Siu'kor 170

Kuduidcd Sliini-r 240

KtHl-HiHittod Sunlish 1004

Trout .5(17

Keil-tiiil Snii]iiier 1270

Ue<l-win|i;(Ml Sea-robin 2150

rulloxo, LiibruH rostro 1077

ri'nak', (Jyliiuni 875

CyiiOHciou 1407

^lyctoplium 503

Xanuobracliiuiu 503

rej;ali», CcstrouH 1407

thiilasaiuus 1408

Cyiio.scion 1407

ICiiohelyiipiis 2.553

Johnius 1407

OtolithuH 1407

Phycis 25.53

Seoinbcr 875

ScDnibiTonionm 875

rt'fjiH, Atlicrinop.s 808

reglus, lilciinius 2553

Ily bofe'iiathus 213

Lauijiris 9.55

Phycis 2553

I TrophyciH 2.5.53

Zeus 055

rennluH, I'seiics 051

Sobastea 1701

Keiiia 1815

reiiiliiinli, Careproctus 2133, 2134

reiiihardti, Coryiioloplius 2733

Uiniiintolopliu.s 2733

Motella 2550

Olios 2559

Rciiiliard tiu.s 2010

hippoglossoidi's 201 1

ri'Hiiler, ArcliOMion 1399

IsopisthuH 1300

Miiiiifjor, Myctopliuni 573

OpliisuruH 384

Keuiilegia 2270

au.strali8 2270

Kcniora 2271

albescens 2272

brachyi)tera 2272

jacobiea 2272

Pane.

Kcniora runiont 2271

roniora, Kcbcncis 2272

IJeniora 2271

Kcinoras 2205, 2271

Ktiiiorina 2271, 2272

rt'iiioroidcH, Kcbcneia 2272

Kt^nioropsis 2271, 2272

briicliypfcriis 2272

rftniotus. (^'iircli.irliinii.s 37

Serranus 1 1(10

Ueniccps tiburo 44

ntpiiiidus, Scrninus 1187

Hcquieui 38

Sbarks 27

He(|uin 38

rcsplendcns, T/iiniitanyctu.s 555

reticularis, Ancliisonius 1735

Aiitcnnarius 2710

roticulata, Aniia 113

Liparis 21(i8

My(^tcroperca 1 187

P.ccilia 2833

Solca 2000

Spatuliiria |(i'J

TlialiiH.s(i|)lirj'n() 23J5

roticiilutuni, lio'ostonia 2000

retieulatus, IJry ttus 008

(Jatostonius 170

(Jcstrciis 1400

Cliiloniyctorus 1751

Cyno.scion 1408

I)iodon 1751

K.S0X 028

Gobicsox 2328

Ilallciitiditbys 2741

Lcpadogiistcr 2328

Lucius 027

Lycodes 2405

Monodiir 2000

Not ropis 202

Orbis i;5(i

Otolithus 14(10

Psciuloxiplioplioriis 078

Trisotropis 1 1 87

rotifer, ("atulus 25

Scy lliorliiuus 25

retit'ora, Mur;cua 401

rctilcruui, Scylliuni 25

retract us. Calliodon 1023

Cryptotonuis 1023

rctrocurrcns, I[ii'niiil(in 1207

rctropinuis, Catosloniiis 175,2701

Microdeainus 245(i

OphicliUiiis 383

Opbichthys 383

rotroaella, Amia 1100

3084

Index,

Page.

retrosi'lla, Aitoj^on 1108

rctrositiuis, Holocentniiii 85;t

IMectryimpH 853

rctzii, Mola 1754

OrtliragoriHCUH 1754

rex, Catoetoimm 177

Etheostoiim 1026

Poniiia 1025

rox-iinilluriini, Apogon 1107

JJcy, Pcixe «0(i

Uliat'ochilus - 1507

toxotes 1507

Khai'KlcIla 149, 150, 151

jiarry i 1 53

Uliauidia . 140, 150

baron is- iiiiiUrri 151

bra('iiyi(tt!ra 151

brimnfonli 151

godiiiiiiii 152 ,

gnateiiiiil"iisiH 152 i

hypseliinis 152

lalicaiida ... 152

iiiaiia^iioimiH 151!

iiiicroidcra 153

inotagMi'iisis 151

')i('aragii('".is!s 152

.larryi 153

peteiieii.sin 153

polycaiibis 153

salvini 152,2790

wagiiori 150, 151

Illiaiiiphoberyx 846

l.'iicopn.s 847

po'cilopiis 8t7

]{]iainpli(iiotli(la! 2i)29

lllianii'.luicottim 2030

ricbardf.oiii 203(1

Khogniiptori 781, H27

ItlK'nciis 1329,1331

Rli(M»cryi)tii

copulaiidi.

iheSHoilon, Arbaciotia .

Gobipsox ..

Kbina

.sijiiatina

rbina, Uaia

CiUa

1044

1046

2:!40

2340

58

59

72

72

Ubinoloricaria 151), 157, 158

1721,1722

312

Ifliin'soiiiiiH

rhiiii'iitliyoiduK, Tig<i
Jlliinit'UthvH

aroiiatn,M. .
jitronasiiH.

( rii:;eUM.
luiiat' •

305
308
307
3(tH
308
308

Page.

KhiiiicblbyH badiiis 308

oa^aradta' 306

diilcii' 306

diilcis 307

henshavii 312

luiiatiLS 308

luU'iis 307

inaniioratiiH 3U6

iiiaxilloHiis 307

iiieleagris 308

iiasutns 306

(Apocop(i) nevi'.d<>iiai8. 311

obtu.su,s 308

ocolla 307

nimuH 307

traiminoiitaniis 307

(Apocope) velller 312

IvIiinobiiMdii' 61

Kliinobatiis 61

dectrh'us 63

oxiisperatiis 65

gla)U'o.stictus 63

glaucostigma 62

lcii(igmo.>(n,s 62,2750

Iciicorliyiichu.s 62

niari'gravii (13

percelb'iis 63

jdaniceps 64

prodiictus (!:;

siiiiiosu.s 63

stcllio 2750

triaiTiatus 66

iindiilatiiH 6.'!

Kliinoboryx 8)8

cbryspii.s 847

Hliiuo(b>iitiiia> 52

IMiiii()go))iii.>4 contract iiR 2236

UliinolipariH 2145

biirbiilifcr 2145

Kl.iuoi.eninH 2560

caudacnta 256ii

cinibriu,s 2.")61

Khinoptera !tO

boiuiHim !HI

ouMciiada^ 01

<luadriloba 00

i<f ciiidacbncri 01

voHjuu'tilio 00

Itbinoptcrinic 88,2753

liliinoBcion 1455

Haturnim -., 1457

Ifbinoitcopclns 568

andrca- .")6'.t

i't)ccoi 568

rariLs ,560

KliiiKMcyniiuis 56

i\»

Page.
308
306
31)6
307
312
30«
307
3(16
307
308
30(i
311
308
307
307
307
312
61
61
63
65
63
62

()2,275(>

62

63

63

64

63

63

27r)0

66
63
818
847
52
2236
2145
2145
25(i0
2r)60
2561
00
00
01
90
91
00
88, 2753
1455
1457
568
560
568
560
56

Index.

3085

I'.ige.

Rliinotriaois 30

lienlci 31

rhizoi>hora>, Funtliilus 644

rliodocliloris, SebastichthyH 1810

Sebastodes 1809

rho<lo]>us, Tracliiiiotiis 941, 943

rhodoniH, AscelichtliyH 2025

rliodiispihiH, <iol)ieao\ 2335

i']iodiitt>ruin, Ditreiiia 1503

I iiodottTus, Holcdiiotim 1502

lUiodyiueuichtliys 2114,2415,2416

riiberriimis 2417

rliomalea, ( Jnatliy pop-s 2285

rhoinuleus, Opistliofjiiatlms 2285

Sqiialius 233

rhombeHs, (;<iiTes 1374

RhoiubocbiruH 2273

O8tt!ocliir 227.;

Ulioinboganoidca 108

rboiiiboidalis, Lcbia^ 672

Otolith us 1404

Turdn.s 1691

rbomboides, Acaiitliiiilon 942

Cha'todon 942,2848

DiidodiLs 1358

Lagoditn 1 3.58

Sargu.s 1358

Sj)arii8 13.58

Tra(0iiiiotu8 2847

Trachyiiotus 942

lllioiiibiiidii^lifliya ... 2661

elliptnws 2065

UM)|iardiuiiH 2666

Immtiirt 2666

lunulatiis 2000

iiiaciilircrim 3665

<>(fllalM8 2064

HpiiKisiiH 2063

lUioiulKtplilt'H 1276

aiiroriibt'UH 1277, 1278

iilegaiiH 1278

Uhombotides 1689

KlioiiibiiH 965, 2819

alopidotiis 066, 2849

aqiiuHUH 2riii0

araiiiaca 2626, 2672

ar^eiilipiiiiiiH 966

lialiiiMi.si8 2664

cnaiilatiiM 960

lii'viKitonnibiuimis 26.'>4

luiiKipiniiia 960

modius 907

oci'llatim 2664

orbi('iilari8 900

iwldiiifta 900

pani 965, 2840

rage.

Klionibns simillimus 907

solcirtbrinis 2672

triavanthiiH 907

xaiitliurii8 006,2849

Ithonciscus 1329, 1330, 1333

Kbotba'ca 1060

bleiiiiiii8 1073

liiotbea, Uranidea 1 047

rbotheua, CotXiis 1946

rhotliu'cus, Catostomus 181

rbyiicba'UH, Aciptiusev 100

Ithyiuhias 2841

8e])tipi iiiiiH 2841

Kliyncblclitliys 847

Ivliynchof us 174 1

Kbypt i(U8 1229

l)ic(dor 1232

diM'oratuH 1234

niaculatuH 1234

iniorops 1232

nigripiuni,-' 1234

iiijj;roiiiacu1atii8 1233

pituitosiis 1234

sapuiiactms 1 232

8nbbiiroiiatu8 1233

xaiiti 1231

RhytiddStoiiiii.s 168

Iliad", .Sirgo 1321

riali, Oiiuh 2530

Ribband Fish 1490

Uililinii Fi.sli 1489

Iiililxin Fishes 1488

ricardi, Mcsoprioii 1273

ricei, CottiiB 1952

T'ranidea 1U53

richardi, (-araiix 923

Hcinirbaniphus. T20

Salnio 483

richardBimi, Acipouscr 106

ARtroiiKstlu'S 587

Cliaiiliiidus 587

('(irt'gtmiis 405

Corvina 1484

Cottim 1951

KbaiiipiiiM'uttus 2030

'rrac.liidcniiis 1944

Iraiiidfa 1952

IticbardMoniiiH 228, 230, ?38

baltiatus 230

Litrralis 231)

rijiiilnn. I'iinclodus 155

ri,igorsiiiiii, Ocyrun 1279

rim, SciiinbiT 938

riinatur, Itatliystiniia 1808

Haimiloii 1309

Klnileola »338

3086

Index.

i

Page.

Itiinindlii ligiininiiiiiil BHHK

liliiMi'iiiiiin 2.'lS8

riiiiiciilim, <yiito»t(in)!i8 37^2

rliiKmiiH, KtrujiiiH Wii

JlliiMt>(l I'crli... 1023

riu'ii'iis, Ato|ioi:tiniiH aSVC

iJiiiisicH ihin

Meliclitliys 1711

Pliii'iiodon 586

Stolciiluiriis 449

Smlis 601

Xiiiitlii( lithj-s 170!)

lUoOraiidi- ciiub nw

Trout 495

riiiarinm, Jloloi ( iilruiu 852

risso, Alpisniaris 5;t7

risHoaims, JCotiKiaiitliiis 618

rissdi, Tnicliiirn.i 910

Hissolii 2489

niargiiii'.tii 2489

i-ivalis, Saliiio 509. 510

River '.'hub Wl'l

iJrmiis 148.'J

Laiiii)reyH 10

Penh 102;(

Penh of New York 1135

fivereiirli, ryjH'iiiodoii 673

varic!;;atii8 .. 673

Trifarcius 673

riroliana, Seriola... 904

I i\ iil.ii is, Saiiiio 500

ri viilafiis, r'irrliitcs 1401

Cirrliiti'lidiys 1402

Iliodon 1748

S<!rraiiii8 1187

Kix iilim 662, 2830

(lyliiMlraccus 662,2830

istliiiH!li.sis 2830

inaiinora 1 us 663, 2830

IJo.ich 250

lioachi'rt 243

ronuoka, ICtlicoMloinn.. 1036

!iailio|il(MUi4 1036

Peniiia In:j6

lnlmlito. (,'ciitro])oiiiim 1123

li'obalito <ltt la.s Alcta.s AtnarillaH. . . 112i)

Priotas 1119

Hobali. 1118

I')l««o 1119

Uolmlos 1117

Kilicrti. Kjtocu'tUH 735

Ifeniirliaiu|iliim 721

HyporliauiiiliiiH 721

/'/b'Ttsii- ^'<''"i'f"l"'»'« 2756

.Sij[»lios<6ttii)i 2837

Sf <>lepj)<;r us 281 6

Pago.

(Johiii, Flying 2183

\Um\\A 007

r<»(/l)H/», im 227

mm ' iKii

robirsf /////, miltlistlltllll 193

robri.shifi. Hciid/oi'Oi.'.ctcS. . 2514

^Jlyiieocoltus /^8

HxiHiitun m

Fiintlulim 644

IIipj(((gl().ssoi(l<« 2616

Ictaluru.s I;i5

l>cuci.>*ciis 228

Myiopliarodon 219

Ncoby MiileH 2515

Plycliostonius 193

K<)i< UH 1131,1132

clirysops I /:!2

('6i/)C8 1407

lincafus 1113,1132

saxatilis 1133

Htrialu.s 11^3

roclicaiiii.s, TliyiuiiiH 868

iiichct, Anxi» , ,, 868

Sconilicr ,,»,,.. ^

Itock 1(32

Hass >JM.IW

C'oiniM<in 990

lieauly 1684

Cook l,-)75,l576

Hind 1152

Salmon OOfp

Si'a Jiass 1201

Shidllish 1722

Sturgt'on l(i(i

Trout IHdC 1867,1872

lloi klish 6:;9. 1026. I/;).', 1172

Hindi nm

Black lUid y t-llow 1 i)'J5

Black-banded 1827

Brown 1817

FleNli -colored 1824

(irasa 181!)

Oraugi' 17/3

Porca 1133

Pert 1 865

Spolli'd 1806

Yellow barktd 1822

Vellow-hiiotled 1826

Vellow-tail 1781

UoeU-tUbeH 1758, ITO.'i

Koeklinga, Four- Bearded '560

Three- lieardiMl '!'•' !

Uocl-y Mountain Bullhead - ' .«41t

rroul 487

Whitetish 463

rodo, PrMtlpoina 1323

Index,

3087

2183
007
227

m.4

103
2514

()44
2010

i;!5

228
210

25ir.

1131,1132

i'j;i2

U07

1113,1132

1133

ii'.i-'
'jw

1684

irw:'., I.'i7fi
1 1, -.2

aofi

1201
1722
Hifi
IStii: 1X07, 1872
1(126. \VM, 1172
r/81
I "2f>
1827
1817
1821
181'.t
17 .3

iri3

180r)
1806
1822
1820
1781
. 1758, 170r>

'500

2-''/

■ ■<*'•'

487

463

1323

Kii'boules

j;uateinalensi8 .

Kogcnia

iilba

r();;ersi, l'roloi)lius

Page.

338

338

421

422

"752, 2753

IJolier, Stoiir 181 , 204

RoUevs. Siiiul 783, 784

UoiiiiTO !»(t0

Uoiicadina 1401

IJi)ii('ii(!()r 1457

Little 1400

l/aiado 13iii, 1313

14.50

iU.
yellow-fiiiiit'd

Kdiiriiiliii' stcanisi

riiiK adiij-, fJniljriiia

tdncliua, Uaiidiclla

Corvina

S'".i:iiia

KNuicr)

Aiiiarillii

A rarA

/Wf/7;

Carhm-f/l

^;r)ndcriiirf(»

I'ricio

lliiuco

liOlirort

lOiiiilimin

1407
1457
1467
1436
1430
1436
1430
1303
1304
I2!t7
13(Mi
1300
1297
):!04
12!>l
95!)

lOiiiUkli A//>J)iiis<|uartii8 1206

CtitiUaroilUii

.ScOirjlUTSWX .

Xipln'a-:

Koiidclolia

bicolor

,50
726
894
.548
548

rondeltlil, Rxocdfus 733,734

KxoiiMiilcs

OrHirajioriHcim.

.Sill JtllH

Uoiidcli'tiid.'i'

Romiiiil

Konqiiils

Koiiqiiiliis

Jordnni

fo.sacoa, M,vctPi'o))i'iTa

1'o.saii'us, CyiiiniiiiriiHtt'r ...

Kiiiiiiplii'his . . . .

I.iiljaiiiis

Mi'siipriiiii

l^f irrdliictrnM

runilipiiris

Seltiistcs

S»'l>a»t<>df.s

Tri8*>tr<)iiis

/.ahnuliiiiK

voHif. ('It'M'luiulin

2830
;754
1364
547
2289
22,87
2289
2289
1184
1500
1184
1267
1267
1.5U0
21.^'
1794
1 808
1184
1.500
2255

Pago.

roaii', Ilemirlianiphus 722

llyporliamphus 721

Typhlichthya 28.J5

rosariiiin, Acipcnscr 106

R{>s(!-l)a('k Parrot 1635

Uose-H.sli 1760

Kose.Ci.slit'.s 1760

ro.sciiiiiiiiis, Notropia 298

ro.si'u.s, lilcniiiii.s 2420

Ctnl roiiot 118 2420

( ;ry ptotoniua 1626

(i nil iicUop.s 2420

Liixilus 288

Minnilii.s 288

Notroiiis 287

l'ii()iii>tii.s 21.59

Rosi.ola 170.5,1775,1793

ro.sipe.s, Novaciiliclilliys 1614

Xyriilitliys 1615

i().-ii.-<l)ii)is, Kaja 2751

rii.ssi. Lycodt's 2465

SalvoliniiB 510

I'OHsii, Saliiio 510

r<..st(:lluiii, .\.cipeiiser 106

icistrata, AUiiila 412

Aldi'ovaiidia 609

Aiiguilla 348

auguilla 34H

Limaudn... 2645

liOricaria 1.57

M acdoiialdia 617

Mura'iia 348

Platcssa 2645

riir^triitmii, Cichlasoina 1.522

lldloct'iitrmii 8,52

nistratii.s, .\goiiii.s 2048

AspidoplioriLs 2048

I'.railiyopsis 2040, 2048

Canthigaster 1741

< iyiiiiiothorax 395

Jlal(>-;mru8 609

lloros 1523

Ilcit'i-ostichiis 2351

Ilolocpntrus 849

I.opliiii.s 2737

Nolacaiilliiia 617

Pliycis 2.555

pKeudo.scanis 16.59

Scams 1668

Spliagobrancliiifl 373

Si|ualiis 49

'iVt'odoii 1742

Zei « VMi

ro«lro, Lnhriis rcrtexo 1077

Mid'iigolnf. (,<itii'|spiif) 2'//

rollicllH, r/riK'ii.S(ilflll8 822

3088

Index.

rothrocki, Notogrammns 2440

Poroclinus 24H4

rntunda, Mola 1754

Ronml BaHS 988

Herring 420

PtiEipnno 041

Robin 907

Sting Rays 79

Sunflsh 988

Whiteflsb 465

Kounrt tail 227

roiissi^nn, Siphostonia 767

Syngnathus 767

Roussettes 22

Rovetlo 879

Rov«'tHs teniiiiinkii 880

rubella, Sciiuna 1418

rnbellus, Alburniis 2i);t

Leuciscns 293

Minnilus 29:1

rnbenn, Centropomus ' 1 107

LaliruH taiitoga 1579

Trigia tota 2177

ruber, Apogon 1107

liodianus 12C5

fiiivua 1146

Caranx 919

Coregoniis 538

Diptorodou 1107

EpiiieplioluH UKl

Gadns 25:iO

Gymnoccplialiis 1 146

Myctcroperca 1180

RutiluH ;!00

Scomber 919

Sebastes 1818

SebastodcH 1806

Si'iTanns 1 181

niberrinia, Mycteropena olfax 118;t

rnberriiiiixs, (Jiinnclliis 2417

IMiolia 2417

RIiodyiiiciiiclilliyH 2417

SebastodoH 1805,1800

nibeHcens, Conner 355

Kxocd'tiis 7.'t4

llypsinotiiH 1665

Sti'iiiogpria 001

lubicanda, I'omotn.s 1001

nibiciiiida, I'anna... 1565

ruliii'iindii8, Acipenser 106

Glyjiliisodon 1565

Hypsyjiojis 1564, 1565

PoniaceiitriiH 1565

rubigiiioHiis, fjobiesdx 21137

SieyaseH 2337

ruliid I'rioiiotiiH 2164

Page.

Rubio Volfldor 2164

rubra, Lioproponia 1137

Scia-na 849

rubricroceiis, Ilybopsia 286

Hydropblox 286

Minnilus 286

Notropis 286

rubrilVons, Albuniellus 295

AlbumuH 295

Ceratichlbys 320

Funduhis 653

Hybopsis 320

LeuciscuH 295

Minnilua 295

Noconiis 320

Notropis 295

Zygonecte.s 654, 2829

rubripinnn, Cliola 281

Cyprinella 281

rubripinne, Si)ariHonia 1640

rubripinniH, ArgyrouH 282

MinniluH 298

Scams 1640

rubrirostris, Cativtj-x 2505

riibrivinctue, Sebastiflitbys 1817

Sebastodes 1817

rubroi)ui;ctatus, Salarias 2396

Scarticbtliys 2390

nibruni, Cliorististimu 1136

Kudder-lisb 90-', 1387

Radder-flslios 902, 961, 1380

rcidis, Abiidcrduf 1563

( Jlypliidodon ! r>63

rufa, Ilarpe 1583

Moronc* 1 135

Porca H49

ItuffH, lUack 962, 903

nitilineatnni, KOicostonia 1079

rutilineatuH, Nothoiiotiis 1079

PdciliclitbyH 1079

riiHpinnis, Exoco'tus 735

Kxonauti's 2830

riit'olini^atiini, Ktlit'ostonia 1079

riil'us. Ralistes 1707

Hodianns Il:i5, l.Wi

Ceutroi)npt('s 1190

Cossy plius 1 .'183

llolooenirus aHct'nsiiinis .... H40

Lalirax 1 135

Labrus 15H3

Ono.T 2559

Sebastodes 1780

rugifcr, Opiiit btlius 384

nigispinis, Ariu.s 130

Galeichtbys 2781

Hexaueniaticlitliyn 130

'S !

Page.

2164

1137

840

286
295
205
320

esa

320
295
205

320

295

654, 2829

281

281

1640

282

298

1640

2505

1817

1817

2:t96

2396

1136

!t02, 1387

»64,i;i80

1563

1563

1583

1135

849

082, 963

lOT'.l

1(179

1079

735

2836

1079

1707

, 1583

lion

i:.83

K40

ll3.->

15H3

2559

1786

384

130

:!7fil

130

Index.

3089

rugiBpinis, Tachisurus

phrygiatas.

nigosus, Platichthys

llimncr 808

lliinula

azuhta

IkUnuliiiiv

riipert iaiiiiH, AcipenHer

riipestro, Ktlieimtoiiia

Xipliidion

nipestris, Anibloplitcs

cavifronH . . .

Arbaciosa

HodianiiH

Corypba'iioidcH

Gadim •

Gobit^8ox

Macroitrns

Mac.riinm

SeliaHtit'btliys

SebaHtotles

Serraiiiis

Sicyact'a

Xipbidion

Iliil)is('arteH

atlauticiis

riipiscartcs, Moxostoina

rupiiolii, Moiiacaiitliim ,

niptiis, (JbuTojiilis

I'latyglosHiis

KuHcariiia

inoauyi

lliia.siaii ( Jat

UtiHsiaiiH, Muksim of tlio

ruHKiila, Scorpaiiia

liusty Dab

riitila, Montana

Uiitilii8

amblopa

aiionialuH

Iiicoloi'

boiioardi

conipre.saim

iiiebui ai'iiH

olivaociia

])largyrus

luber

Httirttrianim

»y imuotrifus

thalassiuiis

rntilim, Salmo

Tetnvsioiioi)tcniN

riitteri, Neolijiaris

Uu vetto

llii vottus

pretiosim ,

Page.

130

131
2652
, 906. 921
2377
2377
2346

106
1073
2426

090

990
2341

990
2579
2541
2341
2582
2570
1813 i
1812 '
1174
2341 I
2426
2396
2397

196
1713
1.593
1593
1908
1908

143

464
1851
2644 j

272 ;

243 !

321 i

206

244 ;

247 i
282, 296
193
244, 2798
2H2
300
321
245
245
.509
334
2108
879
879
870

Page.

Kyba, Bielaya 480

Choraia 621

Krasnaya 481

Kypticiiiai 1131

Kypticus 1229,1230

arenatus 1232

bicolor 1231

bistrispiniiH 1233

coriaceu8 1233

nigrijunis 1234

Haponaci-us 1232

xanti 1231

Sabalo 409,414

Sabara, liacalliao 2230

Habiua, UasibatiH 85

Dasyatis 84

Trygon 85

sabiua', NotropiH 262

Sable 889

8ab>ii'ra>, Cbasniudes 2392

Sac-a-Lait 638, 987

Sat'copliaryiigidiu 405

Saccopbaryiix 405,406

ainpuUacouH 40C

churdatns 400

llagelluiii 406

Saccostoiiia 2240

SacraiiH^nto Cat 140

Cbub 231

Perch 991

Pike 224, 2796

Salmon 479

Sturgeon 104

Slicker 178

aadina, (Jlui)ea 420

Ktriiinens 420

Hagax, Cliipea 423

Sagenicbtbys 1416

anc J lodon 1416, 2«,59

Ragitta, Aniblyo|iii8 2263

Ktbeostonia 1080

I'uciliclifbya 1081

TylosuriiM 711

Tyntla8te8 2263

sagittula, Euetenogobiiis -229

Gobiiia 2228

Saibling .5«»8

Haida, UoreogaduH 2.'i33

Gadua 2534

Saignour . 1681

SailflHh 167,890

Sailor's Cboice 1297, 1 338, 1358

Salar 483

bwisi 493

virginalia 405

3090

Index.

1 !

! '-n

Page.

salar, Sulmo 486

uiiunanicho 487

sebago 487

Salarlir 2377

Salarias 2397

atlauticim 2307

chiostictiis 239H

inargaritaceus 2399

i-iibi'0)iuii('tatu8 239G

textilis 24(10

Salarii.litliys 2400

textilis 2400

Salariina- 2346

Salarius vonierlnim 2400

Siilbllng 508

Saleima 1384

aurata 1380

Saleina 1358, 1359, 1385

salieua, Clioriiieraus 890

()llgoi>liteH . 899

palomuta 899

Scomber 899

Halii), Spams 1300

Hallu'l, Algausea 212

Ceraticlitliys 212

Cliola 212

Hiulsouius 212

Halniai'inus, Salnio 509

Saliiio 483, 486

adiruiulaciiB 505

agasHizii .")07

alipt's 509

allt'gliaiiien.sis 507

alpiiiiis 509, 514

iiis-alis 509

ainethystiiius 505

arabatscli . 483

arcticua 521

arcf urns 510

argvrfiis 480

ascaiiii 509

annua 493

liiiiniii 508

Itre vicaudii 493

calliiris 508

caiiipbt'lli 508

canatlensis 507

caniB 479

carbonariiis 509

cariiiMtiiH 493

darkii 492,2819

bduvicri 2819

giblisii 2819

htMisbawi 2819

ImviHi . 2819

muctlouakli 2819

Page.

Saluio tlarkii plcnriticus 2819

spilurus 2810

Btoinias 2819

tahoeii.sis 2870

virgiiialis 2810

cIiipoiformiH 4tl(i

colli 509

eoiitliiis 505

coIllillelltu^4 480

cousuot us 470

(;oo]ieri 483

(Cort'gonus) barungiis 469

lucidiis 471

tullibce 473

ciirihis 508, 2223

(lurniatiniis 479

(liHticbua 509

erythi'orliynclios 508

fn'tena 538

t'omiiialis ,507

gairdneri 497

beardsleei 2819

('re8<:eiiti.s 2821

kaniloops 499

.sha.sta 502

Htonei 503

fril)l)cr 478

gibbsii.. 493

gloveii 487

gorbusrlia 478

gra yi ,500

grd'iilaiuliciiM 521

boanici 510

liood i 5(15

luxiilii ,507,510

hudsoniciis 507

iimnaciilatiis 507

irideius 500, 2810

iigua-boiiita 503

gillH'iti .502

iiiaAoiii ,501

Hliasta 502

stoiiei 50;i

.japniM'tisis 47!>

ki'iincrlyi 48.1

kiita vel kayko 479

killim'ii.slH 5(19

kisutch 481

kuiidsclia 2823

bi' vigil t IIS 5(IH

lag<H-(>|)haliiH 470

lavarrtiis imiclisnn 464

k'licdiiiiiiiiH 2823

lordii 508

lyiaodon 483

luackeuxii 474

Index.

3001

Page.
2819
2819
2819
2870
2819
4(10
5U9
505
480
47!)
483
469
471
473
.508,2223
479
509
508
538
507
497
2819
2821
499
502
503
478
493
487
478
509
521
510
505
510
507
507
. 500,2819
503
5(12
501
r.()2
501!
479
4S.i
479
5119
481
282;i
508
479
404
2823
508
483
474

507,

Page.

Salino niacroHtonia 481

(MallotuH) itat'ilicuH 521

iiiiilniu 508

iiiai'Htoiii 510

iiia.s 487

iiiasoni ,501

iiK'laiiipteniH 4HI)

inilld.scliitcli 481

inouestielius 509

uiiiikiiii 492

iiiiikHiiu 464

luiilleri 574

iiiykiss 487, 492, 2^18

agua-ltoiiita .")04

boil vieri 4911

clarkii 492

gibbsil 493

heiiNhawi 49.3

lewisi 49:i

macdoiialdi 497

pk'uritU'iis 496

H])iliiriis 495

stoiiiias 497

vlr<;iualis 495

niyops 533

iiare.si .'> 15

nerka 483

iiigresceiLs 507

iiitidits 5(19

iiiiiiin.ilV)r 508

oiiiisco iiiayciis 487

o(iiia8.sa 515

oricii talis 480

(OHiiicriis) olid lis 525

])allidim 505

jiaiiiei 508

paitcidens 483

])oimhiiioiisiH 508. 2819

jicrisii 509

piott'us 478

piirjmratiis 492. 499, 2819

bouvleri 496

((uiiinat 480

richai'di 483

rivalis 509, 510

riviilariH 500

rossii 510

riitiliis 509

salar 480

oiiiinaiiii'be 487

xeliago 487

salniai'iiiiis 509

Halveliiius 509

sangiiiuolriituH 481

xaiir lis .537

stiouloii 478,481

Tngr.

Saltiio siacowet 505

siskawit /, 505

soeialis 521

Hpcctabilis 508

stagnalis 510

.stfllatiia 493

siriatiis 481

syiuiucti'iius 505

tapdisiiia 483

(Tliyiiiallus) sigiiil'iT 518

Idiiia ,505

trachiiiiLs 533

triincatua 499

triitta 487

t-sciiawy tscha 480

tscbawytscliiCorinis 478

t,supi)it(;li 481, 495

tndes 508

uiiibla ,5(10

iirsiiiiis 505

ulali 495

vcntricosiis 509

warrcni 183

willufjliliii ,509

salnioidcs, Laliru.s 1012

Microj)terus 1 Illl2

Salnioii 483

\ tlantic 480

Blue-back 481

Chiuook 479

Colio 480

Coliiiiiliia 479

('i)iiiiiioii Atlantic 486

Dog 478

Family 460

Frasor Hi ver 481

lloopid 480

lltiiiipl>a(;k 478

Jack 1021

Killir 749

Kinj; 479

Landlocked 487

Lc kai 478

Naiiiayciisli 505

Qiiinnat 474, 47!»

liock 905

Sacramento 479

Saw- qui 481

Silver 480

Trout 497.2818

I'yeo 479

White, of the Colorado 225

salinoiica, F.riiaria 281(1

Li'lioiiiis 1011

I'erca 1021

.•^alninnt'te 858

I

3092

Index,

Page.

Salnioiicte Amarilla K59

salmoiieiis, Cliuiios 415

Esox 538, 627, 629

Miigil 41;")

Sc.oiiibruuottiiH 1862

Siilmonidrt! 460

Snliiuiuidea 408

Salmoniiiii^ 461

.Saliuoperca . 783

pellucida 784

SalinoptTcii' 780, 782

Salpa piir]iiire8i'»'ii.s varicgata ]i;71

Hallans, C'horiucmii.s ?90

saltator, Poinatoniua 947

Scoiiiberoides 899

Teninodon 947

saltatrix, (iasteronteus 947

Peica 947,1388

Poniatoniiis 946

saliulaiia, Cliola 270

saltiilaiiiis, Albuniopa 270

Notropis hudsoniuH 270

Salveliiii 500

SalvulinuH 506

alpimis 508, 2822

alipes 509

arrtunis 510

aiireoluH 511

.stagiialis 510

bairdii 508

foiitinalis 506

agaH.sizii 507

kuiidscha 2K22

iiiabiia 507, 2823

nania.ycusli 5(i5

siscowt^t 505

naresi 515

nitidiiH 509

oquasHa 614,515

marstom 515.2823

nart'si 515

parkci 2823

roHsl 510

HpiM^tabilis 508

Htajiuali.i 5119

salveliims, 8aliiio 5ii9

Halviiil, (JotylopiiH 22(l8

Horos 1528

Pimt'lodiis 152

Uhaiixlia 152

Si('yiUiim 2208

Sic.vopterus 2208

Sun Diejijc) Sole 2707

Kail Pedro Fish 954

Haiu'ta^ cruris, Pscudosranis , 1(151

ScariiH 1051

Page.

sanntw-belenii', Caranx

908

Dfcaptorus

908

(Jyiumitborax..

397

Lyf'odontis

397

Miira'iia

397

Haiicta'-luciii', Corviila

1429

934

Hniu;ta!-petri, N'oiiier

934

saiU'ta'-roHH' l^lvicola

2413

saiicti-lanreiitii, Kiigyo]ibrys...

2668

853

Sand Dab

2614

Darters

. 1061,1062

Diver

535

Kel

833

Launci'8 831,832,833

Pike 1022

liollers 783,784

Shark ' 46

Star-gazers 2297

Sucker 1470

Wbitiiife 1474

SaiidHsh 1207,2295

Sandiiclia 411

Haiigiiitliiiis, Nollioiiotiis 1077

Pd'C'ilicbtbys 1077

Haiigiiiiu'a, .M ura-iia 390

8aii;:iiiiiou.s, Aiiteniiariiis 2721

Apodichtliys 2412

Holoeeiitrim 17C1

Pytlionicbthys 390

saiigiiiiiolciitu-t, (hicorliyiichus 481

Poinotis... 1003

Salmo 481

Sa-])en-(iiio 487

sapidissiiiia, Alosa 427, 428

.sapidissiiiiiijs, (^)rt!,'toiiiis 466

Saiio 2314, 2315, 2310, 2321

2319

1232

1232

1232

877

960

1142

109

110

no

302

303

887

50, 00

871

872

872

872

Hajirc

sa]iniiaceus, A lit bias

llbvpticus. .
Ityiiticiis ...

fliir;i, (!yliiiiin

saraKiiM, Lt'iiodiis

.Siiraiiiis a]iiariiis .. ...

Sarcbinis

argeiiteu.s

vittatus ..-•...

Saroidiuni

Hcopiferuni . . .

Sai'ciua

Sairillil

Saida

cliilit'iiais

lilt ililnrraiiea

saida

Index.

3093

Page.

908

908

397

397

397

1429

934

934

2413

2668

853

2614

1061, 1062

535

833

1,832,833

1022

783, 784

■ 46

2297

1476

1474

1207, 2295

411

1077

1077

390

2721

2412

17C1

390

481

1003

481

487

427, 428

466

316,2321

2319

1232

1232

1232

877

961)

1142

100

no

110
302
303
887
59, 60
871
872
872
872

Page.

R.irda, Pelaiuya 872

Scomber 872

Sardina Blani.-a 332

Bocoiia 449

ilo Espafia 423

do Ley 430

Kst'ainuda 431

Madiete 433

pstMidohispanica 424

Hardiiia, ]Iari!iigiila 430

Menidia 799

Sardinclla 430

Sardiiiiu 864

Sardine, (-'aliloriiia 423

Sardiiu'lla 428, 429, 2«11

ancliovia 429

apicalis 429

bishoi)! ■ 430

cliipfola 429

liuinoraliH 431

niacriiphthaliiiiiH 430

Hardina 430

stolifera 431

tlirissina 430

SaidiiiOH, Scaled 428

True 422

Sardinia 422

Sargas.sum Fish 2716

Sargo 1363

Kaiado 1321,1361

sargoldes, Clui'todon 1562

SargoHoiiiim 1495

tiuviulilis 1496

SargiiH I,'t62

ainbasHis ri46

argenteiis 1363

iirii's 1362

canbiriiH 1360

caiidiinactila 1303

flavolincatns 1360

bolbrookii 1363

kuuieri-iuat^ulatus 1360

ovi.s 1361

pourtalt'sii 1360

rauciiH 1364

rboiiiboidos 1358

I'diidolet ii 1364

trideiis 1364

iiiiiiiiaciilatiis 1360

variegatiis 1364

vitula 1364

wargiiH, Diplodiia 1363

SpaiiiH 1364

Sii roll I rod 118 1672

aiiipli'xicollis 1674

atiuuiatua 1676

Sai'otbrodim capislratiis. . . .

niaciilocinctiis

nigriruHtris ...

HedentariuH ...

Htriatua

Sarrit or

frenatim

leiitorbyneua

sarritor, Prloiiotim

Satanoperca

<TaH.siIabriH

Hatiricns, Neoclinus

aatiiriia, Scia'iia

saturnus, .Viiiblodon

Khino.tcidii

Sancer-eye I'orgy

Sanger

Saiilt Wbitellsli

Pago.
1678
1674
1674
1675
1677
2072
2073
2075
2169
1542
1542
2355
1456
1456
14,->7
1349
1022
466

Saurela 909, 910

Saureueiiely s 364

Sauri«(8 724, 725

! Saurus 533

anolis 535

brevirostris 533

fotoHB 1338

griaous 537

intermodiiia 535

liiubatns 533

longiroatris ' 538

Iiicioceps 539

iiK'xicanus 538

inyops 533

Hpixiaims 538

aynodiiH 536

triincatu.s .533

variu.s 53<i

saurua, Klops 410

Esox 725

Oligoplitcs 898

Salmo ,537

Scomber 808

Sconibrcsox 725

Sy nodus 5U7

Traciuinis 911

Saury 725

sauHSurii, Urania 958

Taractea 057

SaiitiMir 898, 899

409
409
360
360

360

889

420

60

Savaili'

Savanilla

RAvauna, IJiw'iiyconger.

^Iimcna

Mununesox .. .

Savola

Saw-belly

Sawlisb, Common

3004

Index.

I'llgts.

Sii\v-kw(!y 479

Sawijui Snlnion 481

Hiixatilis, Aliiulel'dnf 15(11

Cliii'todi»n 15(12

< !ly|ihi<loc1<iii 15«'J

(jyiiiiiotliiirax (K^ellatiiH .. Hi)!)

Joliniiis 147")

Lycixluiitis occllat iis SfiO

Jlenticirrluis 1475

Pena lli;i

I'latoHHa 'J()57

Pdciliilitliytf 1U48

Rocciis 1 13;t

Huxicola, I'ldiirom-ctes '-'(157

SebaHti.lithys 1799

Seliiistodes 179K

Hay, DaMyatiH 8(i

Kaja 8(1

Hayaiiim, Aplirt'dddenis 788

S('()l<)|)8iH 787

sayi, DasibiitiH 8(i

Myli()l)iMiH 8(1

Trygoii 80

Say ris 725

liimaciilatuH 7'.'.')

liiaiiH 7'.'5

reciirvirostrls 7L'5

scrratiis 72(i

Scabbard I'i.sli 887, »-fl9

Hcaber, Aiitt'iiiiariiis '_'7'J2

(U'lilropoiiiiis 1125

Cliiroiuu'tcs 272:1

Hcxajiraiiiimis 1871!

Hcabra, Triiirctcs 2701

scabriceps, Miiiiiiliis 268,290

Notropis 200

IMiot<)i;i<iiis 200

Hcal)rii)iiniis, Tcli'agoiiopttirn.s iCf.')

Scad 007

Big-eyed 911

Mackerel 9o7

Scal»!<l Sardines 42H

Scaly-tins Ififi.'p

Scamp 1184, 1185

Scapliii'byncbops platyrrbynclms.. 107

Scapbirhynclius 107

(•atapbra<:tiis 107

plalDi'yiiciiiis 107

platyrbyr.cliii.s 107

rafine8i|iioi 107

.scapbiurus, Opislliogiiathiis 22.^2

Hcapiiu]t8is, (;a'l()rliyn<liU8 2.''90

MacniruH ((-'(I'lorliyn-

clins) 2.V.)1 I

Scaphyrbyncliops 107 j

scapulare, Pri.stipoma 1321

I'aKc

Hcapiilaris, Anisotremus 1320

Tylosunis 711

Scaridii' 1.572, 1(>20

Scanna' 1(121

ScartcUa 2384

niicrostonia 2384

ScaitcM 2395

scartt^s, Fiindiil <H (154

Scarticlitby 8 2395

riibropiuictatiiH 23!'()

.Scarii; 1027,1042,1043,1045

abildgaardi 1035

aciitUH 1052

alternaiis 1051

aiiipliis 1635

aracanga 1042,1047, 1648

atoinariiis 1031

aiirci»riibcr 1035

aiiroi'rcnalus 1034

l)olIniani 1646

bracliialis 1641

cu'iiilcus 1(152, 1654

(•.at(?sb(ii 1638

catesby 1038

cbloris 1037, 1640

diry.sopterus 1637

circiiniiiolatiis 1641

coccineus 1635

cii-lesliniis 1650

rroiccnsis 1650

cn/.aiiiila- 1648

diadctiia 1640

di.stinctus 1030

cinargiiiatiiui 104 1

eriibli'niati<'ii.s 1054

crytbriiioidcs 1635

ovornianiii 1051

tlaves<'en8 1040

rtavoiiiarginatus 16.52

fnindosiis 1030, 1642

giiatbodiis 1650

giiacainaia 1050, 10.58

liobu'vaiieos

lioploniystax

Iiunioralis

insube-.sanctii'-criscis

laci'iinosim

lateralis

lori)

niascba1e.s])il()s

nielanotis

niinioi'renatUH

nuclialis

obtusuH

(»xybraclii\is

pcrrico

10.54
1633
1641
1651
1 032
1037
10,54
1642
1038
1034
10.54
1054
1635
1659

Index,

3095

1321)

711

572, 1620

1821

2;i84
2381
2305
U54
2305
231)(i
043, 1045
1C35
1«.52
1051
1635
647, 164K
1631
1635
1634
1646
1641
1654
1638
1638
f.37, 1640
1637
1641
1635
1650
165(1
1648
1046
1636
1641
1654
1635
1651
1640
1652
>;!(■>, 1642
1650
1156, 1658
10.54
1633
1641
1651
1 (i;!2
1637
1654
1642
1638
1634
16.54
Ki.54
1635
1659

I'lijie.

Scanm iileiimiiH 1656

pHittiK'im 1647

])uiictulutiiH 1645

(|iiatlriH]iiiiimim 1648

riiiliiins 1632,1633

roMtratiiH 1658

riil>ri|iiiiiiiH 1040

Hiinclii'ri'iiciM 1651

Hiiiipliix 1656

Hpinidi'iiH 1637

8i|U!ili(liiH 1040

8t ri^iitiis 1639

siipcrltiiH 1650

tii'nio|iteru8 1646

triolaltiitiis 1654

triHpiiiosiiH 1648

tniiK'utu.s 1641

turclumiim 1658

vctiila 1647, 1640

virt'iis 1640

vir^iiialis 1647

viiiiliH 1638

sceplicus, M iiiiiiliis 2il6

Notropis 296

Triylops 1!>25

Sclio(loi>liiliiiii' '.t6!»

Scli(Hlopliiloii.si.s 072

spiuosus 072

Sc-hoilopliiliis 970

eiiijjinaticiis 972

iiU'ilusophagiis 970

Scliilheodcs 144, 14.5, 146

clmithuni.s 148

exilis 147

t'liiieliris 147

fiiriomi.s 140

KilhtTli 148

Syviniis 146, 2790

iiisi<;iiiH 147

It'litacantlius 146

iniiiriis 148

noctiiriiiiH 146

Scliistorus 1148, 1151

inystaciiiiis 1151

sdiliififli, Orcyimn 870

Pria(aiithii.s 2858

ScWastortcs 1834

Hcliiniiltii, II()))limiiis 361

Mrliiiiittii, Balialos 1705

scliiieiik'i'i, (Jliaiilii)(ln.s 585

(»j>lii(htliys 387

l'(vcilia 691

scliii'plii, Aliitora 1718

Halistcs 1718

(;eriita('aiitliii8 2860

Chylomyctorus 1748

Page.

B«h(ipfll, Diwion 1748

8t'lu)iaiiH, Tliyrnites 880

8('liouil>iir(:ki, I'cniplioriH 978

Hciioiiovi-lrlii, CalapliriKtUH 2067

ScluioliiiaMlcr 1258

Mihiaiiki, lliiiuuloii 1302,1303

scliiimartli, Kliit'UHtoina 1047

Schiiy Ikill Cat 140

StiadeichtliyH 110, 120, 122, 2757

iilbirans 124,2760

eiiipliysotUM 122, 27,')9

llavcscmis 123, 2760

ni(!8opn 123, 2760

passauy 124, 2760

proops 123, 2700

tciiiiniiK^kianiis 122,2760

troHclii'li 122, 27!)7

Sciatlcs trosfhfli 122, 27.58

sciadiciiB, Kunduliis 6.54

llaplticliiliis 6.54

ZyiiloiK'ctes 654

Scia'iia 1454, 1465

1488

1438

1410

1027

14.39

1434

1324

1462

1448

1419

1455

1490

1445

1435

1441

148:1

1483

1484

1419

1436

14.54

1451

i4.';7

1444

lineata 1133, 1460

14'-'8

2108

14L'0

14.50

14.50

14.54

1461

1448

1441

aciiniiiiala

aliita

aniaxonica

oaprodt'rt

chrysoleiica

clirysiira

coro

ci-Dker

(Corviiia) adnata.

(irouviiia

di'liciosa

t'dwardi

ericyniba

eiiHilVra

fiirtbi

fiisc^a

KiSi's

i;riMea

hctcrolepis

icistia

iinbiTbis

iiuit'i'.p.s

Jacobi

lanceolata

inacrops

inaculata

luafjdaleiia' . . .
iiiiiltit'asciata.

ubli(|ua

ocellata

((perciilari.s. . .
opbiiKsciou . ..
oscitauB

i'm

#

.^^1^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

12.8

I.I

■^ Itt 12.2

i« 12.0

us

■11

11-25 111.4

Mi

Photographic

Sciences

Corooration

23 WIST MAM STIfCT

WltSTn,N.V. USM

(7ii:>)t73-4S03

is

3096

Index.

Pago.

Scitnna oscula 1484

pluniieri 1324

punctata 1434

ronchna 1436

rubella 1413

rubra 849

saturna '. 1456

sclera 1452

squamoEissimua 1418

. Btellifer 1444

(Stelliferus) otellifer 1443

surinamensis 1420

typica 1448

undecimalis 1119

vemiicularis 1452, 1453

xantburus 1459

Scia'uidm 1392

Sciaenops Ii53

ocellatus 1453

sclera, Scitena 1452

Hcieruni, Etheostoma 1038

acicrus, Hadropterus 1037

serrnla 1038

Ophioscion 1452

^icircnga 1180

sciicenga, Myct«roperca 1181

Biituliceps, Synodus 537, 2826

scitnlua, Prioiiotaa 2157

aciurua, Diplectrnm 1204

Ha;niuluii 1303

Serranua 1204

Sparu8 1304

Scl«eninm 1394

Sch'rwlcrmi 781, 1697

Sclerognatbus 163

cyprinella 164

elungatna 169

nieridionalis 164

urna 165

Hcofleliii, Stoluphor us 2814

Sculecoaonia lo

Scoliodon 42

longurio 42,2748

terrjT-noviB 43

acolopacea, Keniichtliya 369

acolopaceua, Keniicbthya 369

Hcolopax, Baliatea 750

Ceutriscns 759

l^^acrorhanipboHus 759

Scolopaia sa/anua 787

Scomber 865

adacenaionla 927

alatunga 871

albavurea 870

alleteratuB 809

aacensionis 925

Page.

Scomber balantiopbtbalraua 911

bisua 867

caraiigua 920

'.ibloria 938

cbryaurus 938

colias 866,2843

cruiiienopbtbalmua 911

cryaoH 921

dokayi 867

denies 927

diego 867

faaciatua 904

tilanientosua 932

germo 871

grncilia 867

grex 867

giiara 927

gunncri 955

lieberi 923

hippos 908,920

kcelreuteri 900

lacertus 867

I latns 938

iiiacro])tbalmn8 867

inaciiiatuH 867, 874

niediterrancua 872

iiiger B48

Velagicna 952

poluniides 869

pelaniia 869

pelamitiia 872

l)elainy8 872

l)luniieri 911

piieuniatopbonia 807

(inadripunctntua 869

regalia 875

rim 928

rocbei 867

ruber 919

aaliens 899

aarda 872

saurna 898

scouibrua 865

aloanei 870

Hjiccioaua 928

thazard 867

IhyniniH 870

tracliiiriiH 910

iindulatuH 867

veriiHlis 86C

/.onatua 9P2

aconiberiub, Eaox 626

Sconiberudon 873

Scomberoidea, aaltator 899

Coryphn?na 953

ScouberonioniH 873, 4843

m

Index.

3097

Page.
911

867
920
938
938
66, 2843
911
921
867
927
867
904
932
871
867
867
927
955
923
908, 920
900
867
938
867
867, 874
872
618
062
869
869
872
872
911
867
869
875
028
867
919
899
872
898
865
870
928
867
870
910
867
866
9P2
626
873
899
953
73. 4843

Page.

Sconiberomonis caballa 875, 876

concoliir 873

inaeulatu.s 874, 875, 4843

phiiiiicri .
r('K'''li8. ..
sierra

St;onibre.soci(lii'

Scombresox

breviroHtris . .

t'aiu]H'ri

equirostTUHi . .

t'o«teri

roudehiti

sauriis

flciitollatiiin...

storeri

Scombridin

Scoiubriiiii'

scoinbriuiis, Cnraiix:

l)('('a)>terus. . .

ScoirDrocoKus

Haliiioneus.

875

875

874

V24

725

726

725

726

726

726

725

726

726

863

864

908

908

1861

1862

yjoiiibroulci 781,800

Sconibroidi'.s occideiitaiis 8'J9

SconibroirtiiiM' 896

Scoiubropinii' 1106

Scombrops 1114

ociilatuH 1114

scoinbrus, Sconiber 865

Scoitelus 569

artilli^' 571

andrea- 569

arcticuH 574

bcuoiti 573

boiiapartii 557

boojjs 572

borealiu 577

cauiniaiiiis 570

caudispiiioBiiR 556

coccoi 509

crassict'ps 843

<To<'()diluH 558

uloiigatus 555

gracilis 572, 574

liuraboldl i 572, 577

bygumii 573

kroyeri 556

iiiadeircii.si.s 557

iiiaiirolici 577

nuillcri 570, 574

550

56'

569

575

577

291

pseiidocrocudiliiH

rallr.fsquei

rarii8

HpincsuH

tciiorei

.>«'<ipifer, Nolro]ii.H

30.30 117

Pagp.

scopifer, Phonacobins 303

s('(ipiferum, Sarcidiiim 303

scopifenm, Pliuiiacobius 303

8cop,-<, Giiatliy pops 2283

Scorfimiidi Fiiiifil 1837

Scurpojiia 1839

afrieana 1833

agasnizii 1840, 2860

aiuorit-aua 2023

braHiiiensis 1842

bufo 1840

calcarata 1854

capcnsis 1833

castor - 1856

cristulata 1841

dacty loptora 1837

grandicoruis 1850

guttata 1847

lii.strio 1843,1846

inoriiiis 1853, 2861

niassiliensis 1139

my stes 1849

ueuiatoplitbalmiis 2861

occipit'ilis 1854

pannosa 1845

pluiuieri 1848

porca 1839

raseacio 1849

russulii 1851

sierra I860

Honora' 1852

stuarimi 1843

Sc'orpit'niclitliy ina' 1880

Scorpitiiicbtliys 1889

lateralis 1902

iiiarii.eratiis 1889

ScorpRMiid.T 1758

Scorita'niuii! 1759

Scorpeua 1847

Scorpio, rottiis 1973

Bcorpioides, Cotti.s 1973

ilyoxoci'plialiis 1973

S<K)rpioii 1847

FislH'S 1830

Scorpis calii'oruieiisis 1391

Scorpiiis virgiuiaiiiis 1976

scorpiiis, Cottiid 1974

Cotiiis gni'iilaiidiciis 1975

Hcouleri, Oncorhynclius 478

Sttlmo 478, 48 1

Scour Fish 879

scovidli, Ktbeostoina 1082

Sipbostoma 760

scripta, Alutera 1719

scriptus, Batistes 1719

Ceratacuiilbus 2860

#

%

3098

Index.

\.\

Page.

soriptus, Gymn ithorax 398

Monacanthus 1719

Pseudoscopelus 2292

scrutator, Belono 714

Iscsthes 2389

scudderi, Diabaaia 1300

Hacnuilon 1299,1300

Sculpin 1847

Arctic 1973

Black 1985

Daddy 1974

Europenii 1974

Great 1976

Loug-spined 1970

Ked 1935

Yellow 1934

Sculplns 1879

Great 1970

Spluelesa 2025

Stone 1937

Scnp, Coniuion 1346

Scuppaug 1346

aciitata, Eclieneis 2271

aciitcUatum, Scombreaox 726

Scutica 403,404

Bciiticaria, Baacanichthya 378

CoBCula 379

Spbagebranchus 370

sciitiger, Icelua 1910

Kaatriuus 1909

acutom, Achirua 2700

Solea 2700

Bcylla, Exocnetua 735

Hybopsis 263

Notropis 263

ScylliorhinidiB 22

Scylliorhiniutc 22

Soylliorhinus 22

profuudorum 22

retifer 25

Scyllium 22

retiferiim 25

ventriosuni 25

Soymnoid Sharka 56

Scymmis brevlpinna 57

Scypbiita 774

Scyris 931

Scyrla aiiitlia 932

Scytalicbtli>a 387

iniiiriia 387

Scytalina 2454

cenlale 2454

Scytaliiiida- 2453

Scytaliaciia 2454

Soytalophis 381,384

niaguiocolis 385

Page.

Sea Bass 1126

Bats 2736

Catfish 118,110.128

Devil 91,92,2727

Drums 1482

Mink U75

I'oachor 2031, 2065, 2091

Raven 976,2022,2023

Serpeut 384

Snail 2105,2114,2116

Snipe 714

Trout 1407

Spotte<l 1409

Sea-borae 775

Common American 777

Sea Kobin, Brown- winged 2107

Ked-winged 2156

aebiigo, Salmo aalar 487

Sebaatnpiatea 1839

guttatua 1848

SebaHt«8 1760

auriculatus 1818

capenais 1833

caurinuB 1821

dactylopteruR 1837; 18.38

darwiui 1832

elegans 1830

elongatus 1816

fa.>«ciatus 1761, 1827

helvoniaculatiia 1808

imperialia 1837.1838

inui'mis 1829

mariuus 1760, 1761

viviparua 1701

iiielaiiopa 1783

ncmatophthalmua . 2861

nigrocinctus 1828

nivoaus 1834

norwegicuB 1761

oblongaa 1830

oculata 1832

paucispinis 1781

regulua 1701

i-oaaceus 1794

ruber 1818

aeptentrionalia 176 1

steindachneri 1830

taczanowskii 1832

variabilis 1784

ventricosus 1829

viviparus 1761

Sebaatichthys 1765, 1777, 1827

atrovireiia 1798

aurora 1803

breviapinia 1788

camatus 1825

mm

Index.

3099

SebaHtlchtbys chlorostictus 1812

chry f.onielas 182(i

con8t«Uatii8 1807

diploproa 1802

entoniolaa 1786

fasciolaris 1827

flavi;lu8 1782

{foodei 1780

introiiiger 1805

levls 1816

nialiger 1823

miiiiatns 1795

myHtiniis 1785

iiigrociiictus 1828

ovalis 1789

pinniger 1794

proriger 1788, 179;t

pnrpuroiis 1826

rastrelligcr 1820

rhodochlorJH 1810

rubrivinctus 1817

rupestris 1813

Haxicola 1799

serriceps 1827

siuensiH 1814

umbrosus 1807

vexillaris 1822

S«ba8tiiia> 1759,177;

Sobastodos 1765,1773,1778

ii'H'Us 1807

aleutiaiius 1795

alutu8 1790

atn)rub«9ns 1790,2800

atiovirciiH 1797, 2H60

auriculatu8 1817, 1818

dallii 181H

aurora 1802

ayresii 1808

brevispinis 1787

i-apeiiHis 1833

carnatns 1824

cauriiius 1821

chlorostictua 1811

clirynoinelas 1825, 1826

ciliatus 1783, 1784

coiiBtellatus 1806

craiiiori 1799, 2860

darwinl 1832

diploproa 1801

oigeninaiiui 1789

(>legan8 1830

elcngattiH 1815

entomelas 1785

eo8 1810

flavldiis 1781

gilbertl 1823

gUll 1811

Page.

SebaBtodea glaucns 1777

jioodei 1779

bopkiiiai 1789,2860

iuemiis 1829

introiiiger 1805

Jordani 1778

.joj'iieri 1829

lovis 1816

macdonaldi 1786

iiialigor 1822

luatsubariP 1796, 1833, 2860

melanops 1782, 178;t

melanoatomus 1803

luiiiiatiia 1794

initKiikiirii 1831

inyHtinu.s 1784, 1785

iiobiilosus 1826

iiigrociiictius 1827

nivoBiis 1833

oblougiis 1830

ociilatus 1832

ovalis 1788

pauci8])iiiiH 1780

l)inniger 1793, 1794

prorigcr 1787, 1792

raatrell i g«'r 1 819, 1 820

rhodocbloria 1809

rosacpus 1808

ruber 1806

rulierrimus 1805, 1806

rubri vim-tus 1817

rufn« 1786,2860

rupeatris

aaxicola ,

scblfgelii

Heinicinctua ...
Horranoidee —

serriceps ,

sinenaia

ateii'dacbnori

1812
1798
1834
1800
1782
1827
1813
1830

taczanowakii 1831,2860

trivittatus .. 1834

umbrosua 1807

vontricoBua 1829

vexillaris 1821

vulpea 1835

zacentriiB 181 4, 2860

Sobaatolobua 1761

alaacanua 1761

altivelis 1763

' luacrochir 1763

S«amatoinua 1765, 177.'), 1805

I Sebastoplus 1854

d'ctyloptcrus 1837

Sebastopaia 1835

xyrl» 1835

■;*••

:^

■'■■.it

f .1

3100

Index.

Page.

ScbastosoiniiH 1765, 1774, 1 781

])iiiniger 1794

Himiiliius I78;t

seco, LuxiliiB 250

Scr.tator 1389

ooyiirus 1389

Boctatrix, KyphosiiH 1387

Perca 1388

marina 138b

acciinilo-tlorsalis, Tliynniis. 87(1

sec.uudua, Caraiigops 914

(Jaraiix 914

lT(Miiicaranx 014

soilentariiiB, Cha'todoii 1675

Sarothrodus 1075

sceiiiaimi, Ariiis 128,2772

Galeiclithys 2772

HexanoinatifOitliys 128

Tachisunis 129

BtfgalieiisiH, IJrachyopsis 2048

HiphaKoiuis 2048

SynsiiatliUH 2048

Heituiulo 914

Selac'lio 51

maxima 51

Selachii 15

selat'liopH, A i)tt'riflithy s 374

Ichtliyapns 374

Sphagebrauchus 374

Selacliostimii 100

Selacliiis maxinuis 51

SelaiioniuB 49

walkori 49

selaiionuH, SqiialuB 49

Selar 916,918

Si'laroides 910

Seli^iiaspis 119

Seleiiaapis 120,124,2760

(lowi 125

dowii 2761

herzbergii 124, 2760

luniacntis 125

parkori 125,2764

Selene 035

argentea 936

tisrsttrtii 935

(IiiadraiigulariH 1068

HetipinniH 934

vomer 936

Hel«)iie, Carpiodew 167

r,ux''u8 269

Miniiilns 269

Noti'dpia liiidHoiiiiiH 269

Hcleiiops, Hiodoii 414

sellaris, AcanthocitttiiB 1998

PorocottuH 1996

Page.

sellicaiida, KpinepheliiB 1 155

seDifer, HalichiureB 1592

r lidio 1502

BPm, Caraiix 923

Sema 1498

siniiifcr 1409

BomiarinatiiB, (taatcroBteim 747

Bccaicinctus, (lillelliiH 2208

HaliiiliiircB 1503

Iridio 1592

JaliB 1503

PlatygloHBUB 1593

Sebastwles 1 80()

Heraicoronata, Soriula 004

Soniicossyplius pulclier 1585

semifaBciatum, Pilenma 1027

Triakis 31

scniit'aBciatiiH, Serrainis 1107

BomiloricatiiB, CaHteroBteiiB 747

B(!milui)a, Spams 1276

aeniinoliH, FniidiiliiB 047

Htmiuuda, Albiila 412

Eleotris '2204

( larmannia 2233

Gila 22S

GymnoleotriB 2204

BoiiiiniidiiB, <iobiuH 2234

GymnoleotriB 2204

Lycodes 2468

semiradiatiiB, LepisosteiiH no

Bt'iiiiniber, Labriis 158:;

semisfaber, Cottopsia lO.'iO

Cottiia 194it

aemiacabra, Coltiia ceiitropleiira 194,")

Uranidea 1950

Bemiapiiiosiia, Caraiix 911

Semitajncis 332

Semotilns 220,221,222

atromaoulatiiH 222

tlioreauia-

II UB 223

biguttatiiB 322

bullaris 222

cepbalua 2"2

cor])oraIis 221,222

dipleniiiia 222

doraalia 222

lifaiiiiiioiidi 222

macrocephal ua 222

iiotatuH 650

apocioauB 222

thoroauiaiiiia 22il

aencgalfimia, Vomer 934

Benilia, (iambiiaia 082

Sennet 820

Seuorlla 1592, 1601, 2352

Index.

3101

Page.

aenta, Ka,ja 71

septeutriouulis, (JlnldropHanis L'oSO

Motclla 'J560

Onoa 2500

Perca IISII

Subaates 1701

H«]iti|iiiiiiiH, A iniiuxlytes 2842

Kliynfliias 2841

Septogiiiniellus gracilis 2430

sorena, Dioiiila 214

Hybofjiiatlms 214

Sergeant Fish i)47,!)48

Major 1501

Seriola 001

argj'roiiKtlas 050

bipinnulata 007

boiiariensis 005

bo.scii 0(15

coronata 005

coHinopolita 0U8. 2847

decli V IH 905

dorsalis 002

diibia 905

dunicrili . On !, 904

duHSiiiiiicri 000

faldattt 005

JaMciata 004

Higas 90;)

lalaiidi 002. 903

ligiilata 905

inazallana 004

])ic.tiirata 910

piiiuiilata 007

proxiina 004

ri voliana 904

Hemicoinata 904

Htcariisii 003

auccincta 900

zonata 002

carolinensia 002

Sorioliclithys 000

Seriolina^ 800

Seriolophus 805

carangoidos 895

Seriphiis 1307

pulitiis 1307

aorotinus, Aciponaer 100

aerpona, ( Jeiiipylua 884

So.rpoiiH iiiarinua inaciiloaua 382

Sorpeut, Sea 384

aeriM'iitina, Mura'na 348

aer])untiiiU8, Itlonnius 2439

Derichtliya 343

Leptobleuuiua 2439

Serra 507

aerra, Alepidoaaiirua ((!aulopu8) . . . 597

Page.

ao'-ra, Alepiaaunia 507

Gonenioii 947

> irraii Imperial 1837

Serrana 1480, 1490

lliapana 1488

Iii8])ania... 1480

Scrrnnid a- 1 1 20

Sorrani nil! 1 1 29

Serrano 1207

Bt^rranoidoa, Scliastodt's 1782

Serranoa 1208

SerraniiB acaiitli<»i>lioriis 1 100

acu<iro8tri8 1 181

ii'qiiiduna 1211

agaa.sizii 1180

alboiiincnlatus 1197

aiigiiatifnina 1159

anniilaria 1214

apua 1158

arara 1150, 1175

annatiia 1 165

a.speraua 1153

atrariiia 1200

aiiratus 1145

aiiriga 1221

bivittatua i205

bonaoi 1175

braeilicnsis 1221

brnnneiia 1 1 75

bulleri 1214

c.aloptiTyx 1213

caponna 1311

caratina 1 14C

cardiualia 1174

caniclopardalia 1187

«!atua 1150

obloniriis 1193

clatbratu.s 1108

colonua 1222

conapprsus 115'!

coronal us 1142

con<;Iiii ..; 1130

court adei 1 1 52

credus 1222

cyr](i]ioniatiis 1175

dociinalia 1 175

dinildiatua 1 179

diibiiia 1140

emarginatna 1181

erythrogastcr 1160

falratua 1185

fasciciilaria 1208

foliniia 1187

fhnbriatua 1 164

flavivontria 1221

fnrcifer 1222

'■|i

•.'?;

\M.

1!

iiiii.

3102

Index.

Ml

Page.

SerrnniiH furviis 1200

fuaculua 1211

fusciis 1181

galeus 1164

gigafl 1154

giiana 1164

guatlvere 1145

Imiiicralis 1197

iiiipetigiiioHiiH 115.'{

inuriiiis 1108

iuterstitialis 1170

irradians 1208

itaiara 1104

jacomo 1215

labrifoniiiH 1155

lanipruriis 1190

latcpic.tus 1175

luciopercaiiUH 1216

IiinulatuH 1159

maualatofasciatiiH 1 19G

iiiacalatiis 1153

niaculosiis 1 159

iiiargaritifer 1156

inarginatiis 1 154

ineiitzeli 1154

inorio 1160

inystaciiiuH 1151

nobulifer 1196

iiigroscens 1200

nigriculiiH 1153

iiigrltns 1161

uiveatus 1156

ociilatus 1283

ocyurus I'JOl

olfax 1183

oiigiis 1154

ouatulibi 1146

panainensis 1141

pliiladelpliiciiH 1202

]ilia'be 1212

pixaiiga 1153

pra-Htigiator 1214

psittai^inii.s 1213

(liiiiiquot'asi'iatuM 1164

ra<Ualis 1205

radians 1208

rotnotiia 1160

I ])andii3 1187

riviilatiis 1187

ruber 1181

riipestris 1174

aciurus 1204

Heinit'aaciatiia 1107

stadtboiidori 1 159

Htilbostigiua 1217

8triatuit 1157

Page.

ScrraiiiiH Hiibligariiis 1210

tabacariuH 1215

tnsniops 1144

tigrinua 1214

tigris 1187

tinea 1181

trifurciis 1201, 1202

undulosus 1181

imicoIrT 1192

varius 1153

Serraiia 1028,1030,1037

serrata, Fi.stularia 758

serraticornis, Balistes 1720

Hcrratogrannlata, Perca 1024

Herratiiin, Ilicniiilon 1290

sorratiis, Gaatorosti^iis 750

Nancrates 9110

Sajria 72(5

Borriccps, ScbastichtliyH 1827

Sebastudea 1827

aerrifer, Couodon 1324

Serri vomer 367

beanii 367

aorrnla, Aniaotrenina 1323

Clialiiinra 2576

TTadropterua scieiiia 1038

Priacantliiia 1230

Priatipoma i:i24, 1343

Paeiidupriacaiitli iia 1230

SeaeriiniH xautliurua 000

Sei}i de lo Alto 1261

aeaailifaiida, Monoleiie 2601

Setarcbva 1860

]>arniatii8 1860

aotifer, Argyrioaus 936

Muiiacaiitbus 1710

Stophanolepia 1710

aetiger, Dasycottiis 1901

aotigerua, Lopbioniiia 2714

Lopliiua 271,')

aetinutua, Chauliodiis 585

set ipinnia, Argy reiosua 934

Caraiix doraalis 934

gaboneiiaia 035

Selene 934

Vomer 034

Zeiia 0:!4

aetoana, Mugil 8iri

Ovoides 1739

Totraodon 1740

sen conger, Murn3na braailienais . . . 403

aexcornntus, 08tra<^ion 1725

aexdecenihtmellata, Kchoneia. : 2272

aexfaaciatum, Hicmulon 1294

aexfaaciatua, Haminlon 1295

aexuiaculatua, Diodon 1740

m

Page.
1211)
121 f)
1144
1214
1187
1181
1201,1202
1181
1192

ii5;t

1030, 10:17
758
1720
1024
1299
75U
9(10
72fi
1827
1827
1324
367
367
132;!
2576
1038
1239
i;i24,i;!43
12:i9
900
1261
2691
1800
1860
93B
1716
1716
1991
2714
2715
585
934
934
935
Oil 4
934

9;;4

815
1739
1740

403
1725
2272
1294
1295
174<1

Index.

3103

Page.

2183

427

2810

427

1372

427

2810

Hickory 416,425

909

427

1355

465

415

37

Hi^xradiatna, Polynemna.
Shad

Alabama

American

Broad

Common

Gulf

Mackerel

Potomac

Sliatl Porgy

Sliad-waiter ,

Shads, Gizzard

Shark, Bay

Bone

Bullhead...

Cat

Cow

Dusky

Elephant

Great Itliie

White

Hammer-hcuded ..

Leopard

Long-t.iil

Mackoi el

North iCiver . ^

Nurse

Oil

Sand

Sharp-nosed

Shovel-head

Shovel-nosed

* Sleeper

Soup-fin

Swell

Tiger

Shark Pilot

Sucker

Sharks

Angel

Basking

Blue

Bramble

Bullhea<l

Cat

Cestraciout

Cow

Cyelospondylous .

Dog

Frilled

llammer-heatled. .

Mackerel

Man-eater

Notidanoid

Nnrae

51
20
31
19
35
51
33
50
45
31
45
48
427
26
32
47
43
44
18
57
32
25
32
902
2209
15
58
50
33
57
19
22
19
17
52
28
16
43
47
50
16
25

Pago.

Sliarks, Requiem 27

Sand 46

Scymnoid 56

Thresher 46

True 21

Typical 19

Wlmle 52

Sharp-nosed Flyiug-tiHli 728

Putters 1740

Shark 43

Sharp-tailed (ioby 2229

Shasta, Ccttus 1947

Salmo gairduuri 502

irideus 502

shavianus, Cetorhinus 51

Slie«!pMhead 1358,1361

Minnow 671

Porgy 13.54

Sheepshead, Lake 1484

SlioUflHh 1723

ShellHsh, Kock 1722

ShiShidal 1665

Shidai, Shi..... 1665

Shiiiia Soi 1834

Sh'ner 269,281

Blunt-nosed 034

Golden 250

Red-sided 240

Spotted 318

Shiners 254

Short-noaed Bat-Fisli 2738

Gar 110

Sturgeon 106,107

shul'eldti, Ceratius .1 2731

Gobius 2221

Mancalias 2730

Ty phlopsaras 2731

shumardi, Alburnops 268

Boleosoraa 1047

Cottogaster 1046

Hadropterus 1047

Imostoma 1047

Minnilus 268, 269

Notropis 268

shuHwap, Agosia 313

falcatii 313

sialis, Argentina 526

sialis, Corvula 1428

Noturus 146

.sibbaldi, Sy ngnathus 774

Siboma 228, 231

atraria 233

crassicauda 231

longiceps 233

Bicana, Ceriia 1162

siccit'er, Uoloceutrus 849

If!?

', 'ir

■■••I

I

■hi

sv

m

3104

Index.

Page.

8i<:ciferam, Holocentruni 850

sicculum, CliiroHtoma 806

Hicculus, L.'ibideHtlies 805

BlcultiH, Laiupiigiis 053

Sicya 2207, 28«7

Sicyases 2329,2330,2336

canieus 2337

lasciatus 2338

puiictulatus 2338

r iibi(;ino8U8 2337

riipeHtris 2341

Sicydiina) 2190

Sicydium 22or>

aiitillarnin 2206, 28G7

gyninogaster 2208

pluinieri 2200, 2867

punctatum 2867

salviul 2208

siragus 2206

vinceiite 2207

SlcyogastiT . . 2329

Sicyopterus gymuogaster 2208

xalvini 2208

Sicyoaus 28<>7

Sidera 392

castanea 396,2804

chlevastes 399

dovii 397

I'uiiebris 396

luordax 396

nioriiiga 395

nigroinarginata 400

ocoUata 399

panaiuensis 301

pfeifferi 2805

verrilli 394

viciua 394

giderea, Mursuna 2805

aidcriuni, Zoplioiidum 314

Biderius, Hyborbynchns 314

sicboldii, Cicblasoma 1516

Heros 1517

Sierra 874,875

Sierra.Pez 60

sierra, Pontinus 1859

Scomberomorus 874

Scorpoena 1860

Sierrita 713

sierrita, Tylosurus 713

Sigmiatea 2863

caulias 2863

Sigmopa 581,582

stigniaticus 583

Sigmurua 1446,1447,1462

Slgnaloaa 2S09

atchafalayw 2809

Pago.

aignatns, Batbymaater 2288

JIypoi>rion 41

Microgobiua 2246

aigiiifer, Bryttiis 996

Chatooaana 433

Conigoniia 518

Moiiacaiithiia 17)6

Salino (Thyniallus) 518

Seiiia 1499

Stypodon 220

Tliymallua 517, 2871

lowiai 2871

inoiitaniiH 519

ontarieiiais 519

tricolor 519

aigohitoa, Gilbertina 2028

aileniia, Zaprora 2850

Silk Snapper 1202,2858

SiluridiD 115

Silunis bagro 117

catita 138

clarias 155

corinitns 759

cuprous 140

felia 128

furcatua 140

gy rinua 146

berzbergii 125

liraoaua 143

lividus 140

luarinua 118

mehiH 141

iiebulosua 143

olivaris li3

parkeri 1 26

pnnctatus 135

viacoauH 143

xanthocepbalus 141

Sihia 525

aacauii 526

alius, Argentiua 526

Silver Chub 221, 320

Hake 2530

Jenny 1.370

Salmon 480

Trout 493

Whiting 1477

Silver-f5n 278

Silver-flsh 409, 7»:., 889

Silveraide 800

Brook 805

Silver-sided Minnow 238

Silversides 788, 796

Silvery Ancliovies 439

Lamprey 11

Minnow 213

fi:

Index.

3105

Page.
3288
41
2246
990
4:i3
518
1716
51K
1499
22(t
17,2871
2871
519
519
519
2028
28r)()
!(i2, 2858
115
117
138
156
769
140
128
140
146
126
143
140
118
141
143
li3
126
135
143
141
525
52(i
52«
221,320
2530
1370
480
493
1477
278
it.-., 880
800
805
238
•88, 796
439
11
213

Page.

Hiina, Cliola 267

Eleotris 2108

Siuienchelyidjc 348

Slineiicholys 349

paraHitidim 349

Hiinilit), AnipliiBticliUB 1504

Kundulus 038

HiiMiiulon 1304

II ydrargyra 039

Biinilliniii, Paloniuta 2849

8iinilliniU8, 1'oronotiiH 907

UhoinbuB 007

StroniateuH 067

siniotera, Uloi'entra 1051

siiiiot jriiiii, Ilyostonia 1051

8iii)|iiox, Aiiliinia 880

PttetKloscaru.s 1050

Scarus lOiiO

Tetragouuriis 880

Bimpsoiii, Ictaliiriis 135

Bimiila, Clialiiiura 2578

siinulans, EniiuacantliiiH 094

Ileinioiilitos 994

SobastoHoiniirt 1783

siiniiliis, Macrurus 2578

()])liiosciun 1440

HiiiiiiH, AlburnelluH 027

CarcproctUH 2131

Mfiiticirrlms 1472

Notropia 267

Rhiniclifhys 307

Hinaloii-, Paraliclithys , 2872

Sipliostonia 2838

Umliriiia 1438

BJiiesis, Sebasticlitliy 8 1814

Sebastodes 1813

Singing Firth 2321

sinuatiiH, Merliicciiia 2530

Siphagoniis 2040

barbafus 2050

Begalicnais 2048

Sipbateles 243

vittatiiH 244

Slphostoma 7i!l, 703, 2837

afflne 700,770

albiroHtrt! 772

arctum 771,2838

ftHcoiidena 768

aiiliscim 707

bairdiaiinin 705, 770

barliara! 705

brai'liy wplialuiii 709

californienst' 764

carinatum 763

cayeimensi! 772

crinigonini 771

Page.

SipboHtoina ohicenH 768

listiilatiiin 765

rtaviiostro 768

lloridii- 766

fiiHPum 770

grlHt!(>lineatuiii 764

Jonesi 708, 2837

loptorhynclnnii 764

linoa 768

loiiiaiana^ 770

luackay i 766

iiiarmoreuni 708

pt'lagiJMim 707, 2837

pictiiratnm 768

poeyi 766

piUK-tipiiine 703

robortHi 2837

roussuau 707. 2837

scovelli 709

Hinaloa- 2838

Htarksi 771, 2838

zatropis 772

siragus, Sicyd'uiii 2206

Sinijo 2206

Sirenibo ^iintlieri 2523

hIsco, Argy rosonnis artedi 469

Sisco of Lake Tipi)ecanoe 469

siscowet, CriHtivoiiK^r nainayciisli . . 505

Salmi) 605

Salvoliiiiis nainayciiHli . . . 505

siskawitz, Saliiio 605

Hiiisliiwi, Leucisc.us 2707

Skato, liarndoor 71

Big - 68,72

Common 08

Little 08

Skates ir., 06

Skcponopodus 891

guobucu 891

typu8 892

skib, PoniatoniUB 947

Skil 1802

Skil-flshes 1801

Skiniback 107

Skipjack 425,805,872,046

Skipper 725

Skowitz 480

Sleeper 2194, 2200, 2216

Shark 57

SliiiuT 2315

Slippery Dick 1505

Sole 2655

sloaiiei, Cbauliodus 585

Scomber 870

Hloani, Leiobatiis 81

liniik 81

'!;«

.Nt'i

'm

■iiiSjiii

3106

Index.

Page.

Small Itlack Lamprey i:i

Bliudnsh 704

CatHHh 140,141

Dolpliiii 95;j

Smull-uioutlieil Hlttck JinflH 1 01 1

Hiitlalo 1«4

Small-scaled (iiirimriU I!l7ri

SmaruKdiiit : '22 lo

(lostulesi 2'4'2.'.

Htifi;iiiatiGiiH 2224

valeiiciennei 2228

HiiiaragduH, Klt>otri8 2204

Gobioiicllus 2228

Ooliiiis 2227

Sniaris 1304

liiioatiis ... 1378

martiiiiciis 1365

Smear Dab 2053, 2054

SmecticiiB 1220

bicolor 1232

Smelt, Americnu 523

California 806

Cobessicoiitic 524

Kodiak 2823

Little HOT

Pond 525

Wilton 523

Smelt «f the New York Lakes 468

Smelts 510,522

Surf 524

smiridus, Merliu-cius 2,')30

smitlii, Carcharodon 50

smitbii, Cliola 253

CypriiiuH ( Abramis W 413

Smooth Cabezou 2012

Hound 29

Piifl'er 1728

smyrnensis, Gobius 2118

Snail. Sea 2105,2114,2110

Snake Blennies 243.'), 2438

Eels 372

Mackerel 883

Snap Mackerel 946

Snapper 1760

Black-tin 1261

Dog 12.57

Gray 1255

Lane 1270

Mahogany 1272

Mangrove 1255

Red 1264

Red-tail 1270

Silk 1262,2858

Snappers 1241,1247

Snipe Eel 366,360

Snipe, Sea 714

Page.

Snipefi ibes 758

Snip-uose Mullet 964

Snook 1118

Sniili-nosed Eels 848

snydcri, CatoHtomns 2792

(inathy|)(i|)s 2285

Oligocottiis 2871

.Soapflsh 538, 1229, 1232

Sobaco 1705, 1700

sobaco, Halistes 1700

Canthidonnis 1705

Sobncos 1705

sobra, Mesoprion 1200

socialis, Salmo 521

sociiiH, Albiirniis 202

Notropis 292

8ocorroen.se, Thalassoma 1008, 2850

socorroeiisis, Chlorichtbys 1607

Soft Flounders 2079

sogo, llolocentrus 849

Soi, Aka 1830

G«>ma 1833

Kuro 18.34

Shima 1834

Holandri, Acantbocybiiim 870

Cybinm 877

Gempylus 883

sidaris, Orthragoriscns 1754

Soldado 848

Soldier Fish 1088

Sole, A nit. rican 2700

California 2613

Long tinned 2058

Mexican 2698

San Diego 2707

Slippery 2655

Solea 2060

achirus 2702

browui 2701

cynoglossa 2657

timbriata 2700

fischeri 2700

fonsecensis 2699

gronovii 2696

inscripta 2696

khinzingeri 2697

maouHpinnis 2698

mazat lana 2099

panamensis 2702

pilosa 2699

reticulata 2696

scutum 2700

solea, Caranx 927

Soleldio 2692

Solenostonuis 7.54, 756

soleteformis, Aramaca 2672

\k\ \.

Index.

3107

Holeosfonnif), ITf^mirhoinbuH 2072

KhonibiiH 2072

Soleotiilpa 2702

iinh'.olor 2703

Sol«'8 2092

American 2603

Holis, L<4|i(>iniis .iiiritiiH 1001

Poiiiot is 1001

Soinlja 2818

SoiiiiiioHiiiii^ 50

Hoiuuioflus 56

brevipinna 57

iniiToceplialim.. 57

somnolentiiH, Kleutris 2108

Loltotes 1236

sonntagii, Cliironcctes 2717

•oiioric, K('0])ii'iia 1852

HonorienHis, Ulrardinua 689

soporator, GobiuH 2210

Sorcerers 364

sonlida, Miirii'iia 403

Ortliopsettft 2680

Hordidiis, Citliaricbt liys 2f.79

Psottidithys 2080

Verilus 1284

Sotip-fiii Sluirk 32

Soiitliern Flounder 2630

Por^t.v 1346

Putter 1732

Stiu}; Uay 80

iStripwl (iurnard 2168

Spnde-lisb 101, l(i06, 1668

s])adicea, Dionda 216

Lampetra 13

Hpallan/.ani, laurus 49

Lanina 49

Loi)toci!plialus 354

Oxyrbina 49

Spanish Flag 1139,1140,1817

Hog-ftsh 1583

Lady-fiali 1583

Mackerel 874

of England 866

Sparactodon 946

nalnal 947

Sparada 1498

Sparida' 1343

Sparil'onn Percoids 1241

Sparinu' 1343

Sparisoina. ... 1625, 1(127, 1630

abildgaardi 1635

aracauga 1642

atomariunt 1631

aurofrenatum 1634

bracliiale 1641

catesbiui 1638

Page.

Sparixoinacatesbyi .... 1638

cliryMopterum 1036,1637

cyaiiolciic 1833

distinitum 1635, 1036

cinarginatiim 1641

tiavcNcens 1039, 1640

frondoHum 1641, 1042

lioploniyHlax 1682

lacrinioHUiii 1632

laurilo 1637

niaHcluili>spiloH 1641

nipbold.H 1633

oxybracliiiiui 1634

radiauH 1631

riiliripinne 1640

strigatuiu 1639

viride 1038

■ xystrodon 1630

SpuriHomi'tina: 1621

sparoidcs, Labrus 987

Ponioxis 987

Sparopaia 1279

Sparua 1356, 1361

argenteus 1357

argyro])8 1346

atlanticua 1153

aureus 1010

bajonado 1352

bracliyHonii s 1353

•■astaneola 960

caxis 1259

cliryHOiiiolaniiTua 1157

clirysops 1346

clirysurua 1276

cruontatus 1142

falcatus 158o

milneri 1355

niger 960

oblongus 2270

orbitarius 1350

ovicepbalna 1301

pagrus 1357

pr()l>atoci'i>lialus 1361

radiatua 1596

raii 960

rlioiiiboidcH 1 358

salin 1360

sargus 1364

adurus 1304

scniiluua 1276

synagria 1271

tetracantlius 1257

vennicularia 1271

virginicua 1323

vittatus 1323

xantlnirua 1346

3108

Index.

m-

Page.

gpathula, Polyodon loi

Squalus 102

spatula, I.episosteus lU

Planirostra 102

Spatularia 101

reticulata 102

Sp awn-eater. 209

Spearflsh 167,891,892

Sjieafing, Ground 533

Hpeciosa, Gambusia 681

speciosus, Caran;i 928

Gnathodon 928

PomotLi 1006. 1008

Scomber 928

SemotiluR 222

Speck 1047

Speckled Hind 1159

Trout 508

of Lake Crescent . . 2821

spectabile, Etheostoma cceruleam.. 1089

8pectabi]:s, Pcucilichthj's 1089

Salmo 508

Satveliuus 508

spectrum, Careproctns 2133

LophiuB 2723

Osmerus mordax 523

spectruncula, Glioma 265

spectmnculus, Hy bopsis 265

Notropis 26P

speculiger, Exocn'tus 734

Exonautes 2830

speciiligera, Lanipadena 501

spela'us, AniblyopsiH . . . , 706

spengleri, Spheroides 1732, 1733

Totrodcm 1733

Spet 826

«pet, Esox 826

Spliyra-na 826

SpliOiriua 822

Sphajroides fnrthi 1737

puIituH 1736

triobuce])lialu8 1738

tul>erciilittu8 1733

Spliagebraiiclius 373

niiguiforinis 374

keudalli 376

rostratus 373

B<;iiticariH 379

selacbopa 374

teres 379

8]>benop8, Pcvciliu 094

Spuoroides 1729, 1731

augUHti('e]m 1731

iinnuiatim 1735

politus 1730

loriuusus 1736

Page.

Spheroides furthi 1737

lobatus 1731,1732

niaculatui> 1733

mamioriitus 1734

pachygaster 1738

spengleri 1732,1733

testudiueus 1734

annnlatns.. 1736

tricbocepbalus 1737

Sphorodies 1729

Spbyra-ua „ 822

acus 717

argentoa.. 826

aureoviridls 1119

barracuda 2841

becuua 823

boniilis 825

ensis 824

forsteri 824

guauhnncho 824

guntheri 824

luciisiiuu 826

pii'uda : 823

l:icudilla 824

spet 820

Hpby ra iia 823, 820

viridt'Hcens : 826

vulgaris 826

spbyra-nti, Esox 826

Spliy ra-na 823, 826

spbyi'a'naruni, Et'heneis 2268

Spliyrii'nida) 822

Spbyra'uops 1114

bairdianns 1111

Spliyrna 43,44,45

tiburo 44,2748

tudes 44

zyga'ua 45

Sphy midti^ 43

Spicara 1364

niartiiiica 1364, 136.'".

Spikelisb 891

spillniaui, Alvordins 1039

spilonotopteruH, Evocu'tiis 740

s])il<iii<>tu8, Monacantbus 1716

Hpiloptt'rus, Citliaricbthys 2085,2686

Leuciscus 279

Pliotogeuis 279

Hpilo])ua, Exocdtus 738

8pib>tii, Uraiiiiu'a 1953, ;i»62

spiliiUiptervgiiis, lialistcs 1702

spilotuui, P'Mieostonia iiiangua> 1044

spilotus, Cottiis 1901

Hyj)ohonius 1043

spilururu, (Jicldasoiiia 1520

spiluruH, HeroH 1520

■,t:

Index.

3109

1737
1732
1733
1734
1738
17;i3
1734
1730
1737
1729
822
717
826
1119
2841
823
825
824
824
824
824
820
823
824
826
82:!, 820
820
820
826
823, 826
2268
822
1114

nil

3, 44, 45

44, 2748
44
45
43
1364

101, 1365

891

1039

740

1716

!(!85, 2686
279
279
738

l«.^3, ii»62
1702
1044
1961
1043
1520
1520

Pago.

spiliirus, Precilia 697

Salmo <!larkii 2819

iiiykiss 495

Spina, Cliopa 1357,1358

iSp'pax 55

fabric'.ii 56

liilliaiiiiB 55

pilHillllB 55

aucklii 54

Spiiu'less 8ciilphi8 2025

spiiiescens, AiiliMCopH 754

H]>iiiu'ephalnni, Exogloss'ini 200

Spiuict'plialus tlbiilatus 2796

MpinidfDB, Suui'ua - 1637

spiuilcr, EiigraiilJs 448

Stolephorus 448

spiniger, leelim 1914

Spinivomer 367

goodei 367

spinudiHsinnis, Agonua 2054

AspidopliorUH 2054

l)iodoii 1746

Leptagonus 2054

spinosim, Calycilepidotim 1037

Coiitroiiotus 948

Chilimiycterus 1749

Cyclopttnis 2099, 2100

Dasy scoptdus 575

Uiodoii 1749

Ehinoi-liinim 58

Emniciotreimis 2098, 2099

Heiuilt'pidotus 1937

Lunipiis 2099

Oi'tliagoriscus 1754

Platophry» 2662

lMiiu(d)atiis 63

Rhoniboidichthys 2663

S('Lt'dopiiilopHi.s 972

Scoiiolus 575

Sqiialus 58

TrachiiKJtus 942

spiuiiluHiiB, GaHteroHtfiis 748

Spir.y hack Blowflsh 1734

Spiny Eels 612

Spiny -rayed Eishea ' 779

SpirincluiB 522

Bpirlingiilus, Loiiciainis 282

8iiixiunuB, SanruB 638

Synudua 538

spixii, ArgyrioauB 936

I'imelodiis 132

Platysonius . 934, 2846

Tacliiauriia 132

Tadiysurua 131, 2783

Vomer 2846

apieudenB, Beryx 844

Page.

apleDdena, Exocoitna 720

aplcndida, Petenia 1513

.splcniutiini, Pri.sliponif, 1322

apleiiiatuB, Aniaotromaa 1321

Split •mouth Sucker 199

Split tail 223

HiiongioHa, Halieutiua 2742

Spoonbill Gat 10!

Spot 1458

Spot-tailed Minnow 269

Spotted Cabrilla , . 1196

Jewfinb 1162

Kelptiah 2353

Moray 399

Rockflah 1806

Sea Trout 1409

Shim»r 318

Sting Ray 88

Suckera 186,187

Truuktish 1723

Weaktish ll'.'O

Spot ted -tail iliiiuow 275

Sprat 432,450

Spratella 424

Sprate)loide« bryojioru.s 422

laraprotienia 419

Springflah 19,^0

SqualidiP .53 2749

ai|ualiduH, Scania 1640

a(|ualipeta, Kclieneia 2272

Squaliiia 228

alicia- 236

iirdeaiai'.ua 237

atrarius 233

l)ic<d<»r 2.32

oiiTuleuB 232

canis 29

I'oiiformis 231

couapcraua 234

coopori 236

copei 236

craaaua 231

nruoreu.s 233

egregiua 237

clongat us ' 240

estor 240

funduloidt-a 240

griltiiu 237

gibboBus 231

gula 234

humboldti 237

liy ulope 222

bydroplilox . 238

I intcrmediua 235

I leiunuiiii 235

liuuatuB 233

4

m

'%

■m

m

3110

Index.

r
W

Page.

Sqiiallna margaritns 241

raodedtiis 2IS4

montaniis 238

uiger 235

iiigresceiis 234

obesiis 233

pp,n(Iura 2o4

photogeiiis 296

proriger 240

]>iiU']iellu8 234

pulcher 234

purpurcus 234

rhomaleiis 233

aquaniatus 233

tajnia 238

vandoisuliis 240

b«<|ualiiB 53

acanthiaa . ^. 54

acronotus lifi

alopecias 46

araericaiiiis 47

argus 26

borealis 57

bniciis 58

croruleus 33

carcbarias 38, 50

(Carcbarias) ternu-novie ... 43

cetaceas 47

cirratus 26

cornubicns 49

elepl-as 51

glacialie 57

glaiicus 33

griseua . 19

guuuerianns 51

binnulns 29

hirundiuai'eus 33

boiuianuH 51

isotlus 51

littoralis 47

longimanus 38

macruduH 47

malleus 45

inaxitnus 51

inicriMM^phaliiH 57

moneiisis 49

iiasns 49

uorwcgianus 57

obscurns 35

obtusiis 39

pelegrinus 51

pennaiiti 49

piatyodon 39

puuctatus 26, 43

punctulatiis 26

rasbleighauuB 57

Page.

Sqiialus rostratiis 49

selanonus 49

spathula 102

spiuosuB 58

squatina 50

siicklii 54, 2749

tibiiro 36,44

vnlpos 46

rulpinus 46

zygaiiia 45

s(]iiaiuata, Tigonia 233

8<iuaiuatu8, Etbeostoina (Hatlrop-

terus) 1040

Hypobbmus 1040

Sqralius 233

H<|uainiceps, Etbeostoina 1096

8(iuatuilentus, Ceratichtb J•^s 323

Couesius 323

Paialicbtbys 2631

Sq uamipiunes 781, 1665

squamiitinuis, Cestreus 1404

Cyiioscion 1104, 1405

Gerres 1373

Otolitbua 1404

squaiuosissimus, Diplolepis 1419

Pacbyurus 1419

Plagioscion 1418

Sciicna 1418

squaniosus, Tracbunm 921

squaniulosus, Cbn'todoii 1685

Sciuare-iiioutli 208

Square-tails ^75,976

Squatina 58

angelus 59

californica 59

duiuerili 59

finibriatn 59

japouica 59

lie vis 59

lewis 69

OGulata k. 59

H(|uatiua 58

vulgaris 59

squatina, Rbiiia 59

Squalus 59

Sijuatina 58

S(iuatinidtu 58

Squato 58

Squaw-ttsh 224

Squeteague 1407

squcfoague, Labrus 1407,1409

S<>HirrelflKb 845, 847, 1203, 1207

Squirrel Hake 2555

stadtbouderi, Serranus 1169

stagnalia, Salnio 510

Salveliuna 609

Index.

3111

Page.

stagnalis, S&lvelinus alpinus 510

stahli, Larimiis 1423

MonoHira 1423

stannii, Cotylid 2332

Star-gazers 2305

Electric 2306

Sand 2297

Star-beaded 51 iiiuow 656

Htarksi, Siphostoina 771

Stoleplionm 2814

Starksla 2365

creiuuobates 23B5, 2336

Htarknii, Siphostoma 2838

StaiTy Flouudors 2651

Stathnionotiiia^ 2347

StathiuonotuH 2408

liempliillii 2408

stearnsi, Bleimiiia 2379

Corviuii 1408

LtitiauUH 1256

Lutjaiius 1257

Prioiiotus 2166

Roncador 1457

Scorpa'na 1843

Hlearnsii, Soriola 903

Steel-backed Chub 205

Stoelbead 497

HtcgopbtbalniuR, Agonus 2036

ateindacbneri, CbloricbthyH 1609

l)ial>aHi8 1302

Ha-inulon 1301

. Opbioblennlus 2401

Khinoptera 91

Sebastes 1830

Sebastodes 1 830

Tbalaasoma 1609, 2859

Steiudaebnorella 2567

Steiudacbiieria 2567

argentea 2508

St«iiiegeria 960

riibes'^ens 961

Steine3e^iida^ 960

slejiiegori, Stelgistrum 1921

stulgidolepis, Macruuriis 2585

Stelgis 2067

vulsiis 2067

Stelgistruin 1921

stejnegeri 1921

stellfera, Corvina ] 445

Stlu'iia (Stelliferus) 1443

XeniPiiia 648

htellrtta, Plalessa 2652

stellatuB, Apogonlcbthys 1110

Caraiix : . . . 926

Fario 492

LipariB 2118

Page.

stellatus, Mnstellus 29

Pli'ticbthys 2652

Pleuronectea "652

stellaus, Salmo 493

sttlleri, Cottus 1941

CotyliH 2104

Cyclopterichl'iyH 2104

Cyclopterus 2104

Hexagrainmos 1871

Labrax 1872

Liparops 2104

Myoxocepbiiliis 1981

Tricliodon 2297

Stellerinj'. 2041

xyoHterna 2042

Sti'llicarens 1439,1410,1445

Stellifer 1439,1443

cricymba 1444

furtbi 1441

illecfbrosus 1442

lanccolatiis 1443

luicropM 1445

minor '. 1442

OHcitaim 1440

stellifer 1443

zestocariiH 1445

stellifer, Bodiauiis 1443

Fundulns 648

Scia?na 1444

Stellifer 1443

slelli^'eroides, Bassogigaa 2516

Neobytbites 2516

stelliu, Perca 1153

Rbinobatus 2750

stelliilata, Rivja 75

Steuobracbius 561

aiidrea; 569

coccoi 569

SteiioduB 473

inackenzii 474

Stenogobius 2210

Stcuotomus 1345

aculeatua 1346

L-aprinuB 1345

chrysopa 1348

Stepbauoberycidae 835

Stephanoberyx 836

gillii 836

inoDiB 836

Stepbanolepis 1714

setifer 1716

Htepbanophrya, Prionutns 2161

Storeolepia 1137

califoriiicita 1138

gigas 1137

Stcrktus 103

ii

Ml

m

'-is

m

3llli

Index.

Page.

sterlctus, A verruncus 207 1

Ceratichthya 316

Sternias 1926

xenoatethuB 1927

Sternoptychidaa 603

Sternoptyx 603

diaphana 603, 2826

garden!! 966

Iiennanii 603

raeditorraneu » 604

olfersi 604

Sternopygas huiiiboldti 34 1

Sternotreinia 786

iaolopis 787

atevensi, Tlialelchtliya 521

Stichaeinaj 2349

StichsBus 2439

aculeatiis 2433

aiiguillaria 2436

enneagrammus 2441

hexagramniiia 2441

islaudiciis 2439

lumpeniia 2438

niaculatus 2433

mediiia 2436

nubilus 2438

puuci atns 2439

uniinaculntus 2441

Stickleback, Alaaka 749

Brook 744

California 751

Coniiuon Eastern 748

European 747

Kiue-apined 745

Two-spined 748

SticklebEcka 742, 746

stigma, Gymnelia 2477

atigiurea, Ulocontra 1047

stigniaeum, Buleosoma 1048

Etheostoma 1048

atigmffius, Citbarichthya 2681

atigmatias, Faraliclithya 2636

stigmaticua, Ceraticbthya 323

Golnonellua 2224

Gobiiia 2224

Sigmopa 583

Smaragdiia 2224

atiginatisticiini, Lepopbidiiim 2483. 2484

Stigmatogobina 2210

Btigmatura, Do) Imannia 2239

Cliola 275

Codoina 275

stigniaturus, Gobi iia 22201

Notropia 275

Pliotogenia 275

Stilbe 249,250

Page.

Stilbe aniericana 250

atilbe. Ziilocys 2848

StilbiaciniC 359

StilbiHciKs 363

edwardsi 363

Stilbina 249,250

stilbius, Lenroglosaua 527

Alinuiliis 293

Ndtropis 293

Htilliostigina, Prionode.s 1216

Serranna 1217

stinipsoui, Trigb)p.si8 20O.">

Sting Itays 79,82

Stingaree 83

atipea, Atberina 790

Joturiia 821

Stipvisili 1702

atiruniH, Cbb>r<)8conibriis 938

Stittse 499

Stizostedion 1020, 1021

canmlenie 1022

lioreiiiii 1022

grisenni 1022

vitreum 1021

StizoHtetbiuiu 1020

Stoasodou 88

nariuari 88

Stole])lioriiH 439

argyropbaniia 444

aatilbe 2815

brownii 443

cba<rostoniua 444

cliipeoidea 447

compreaHiia 447

ciibaniia 442

ciiltratua 443

ciirtus 445

deli(uitis.simii!4 444

engynu'n 2815

eiirystole 445

exigiius 442

liiubMia 443

JHclianua 442

lucidiia 446,2811

macrolepidotiis 449

niiarcbua 441

mitcbilli 446

niiindeolus 2812

naso 2813

opercularis 445

imnaraenais 448

prrtasdintiia 441,445

pcrtlu'catiis 442

pocyi 445,2811

prmliicttm 447

rastralia 2811

■ _5;"i.i-"W!^'^;»3^^-i-"'^"-:=^^^7-^"^''^"

Index.

3113

'ago.
250

2848
n59

3e:j

363

19,250

527

29;(

2ft:i

121(i
1217

20or.

79, 82
83
790
821
1702
938
499
20, 1021
1022
1022
1022
1021
1020
88
88
439
444
2815
443
444
447
. 447
442
443
445
444
2815
445
442
443
442
|10,2811
449
441
440
2812
2813
445
448

442

|5, 2811

447

2811

Page.

Stolepborua ringt-ns 449

robertsi 2815

SCoHelili 2814

spiiiifer 448,2814

atarkai 2813

surinaniensi.s 447

stolifera, Clnpea 432

Dussnniieria 419

JunkiiiHiii ---- 419

Sanlinellii ■ 431

stolziuauni, Belone 713

Cestreiis 1412

Cynoscion 1412

Otohtluis 1412

Tylosurus 713

stomata, llippoglo.ssina 2620

Stomias •'>88

atliuis 588

ferox 588

fieldii 586

stowias, Athercstes 2()(I9

Batliytroclt'8 454

CliasniisteH 2794

Ehox 585

PlatysoMiatichthys 2610

Salmo olarkii 2819

iiiykias 497

TriHotropis 1178

Htoniiatidai 587

Stomiatiiiii', 587

Stomodou 2529

biliiiearis 2531

Stoiio Bass 1139

Cat 143,144

Lugger 181,205

Roller 181,204

Soulpins 1937

Sturgeon 106

stouei, Saliiio guinlneri 503

irideus 503

storeri, Acipen.ser 105

Aledou 1754

Atherina 807

Cetoiiiimus 550

LoucistMis 222

Scouibresox 726

Htoreria, Ciclila 987

Htoreriana, Cliola 270

HtoreriauuB, Hy bopsis 270, 321

Leuoiscus 270

Rufilus 321

stoiiti, Bdellostoina 6

Pollstotrenia 6

strabo, Ictdinus 1897

Ophiosclon 1448

atraniinca, Clicda 262

3(Ki() 118

Page.

atramineus, Hybognathus 262

Hybopsis 262

stratuH, Monacanthua 1713

Strawberry Bass 987

Straw-colored Minuow 261

Htriata, Alauaa •ISl

Argentina 526

Perca 1311

Btriat ulna, Brycon 337

Chalcinopsia 337

striatum, Batbystoma 1310

Ila'iiiulou 1311

striatua, Antliiaa 1157

Blenniua 2388

Bodlanua 1259

Ctntropristea 1199

Clia!todon 1677

Epiuepbelua 1157, 1208

Holocentrus 849

Hypaoblenniua 2388, 2392

laeatbes 2388

Labrua 1200

RoccuH 1133

Salmo 481

Sarothrodua 1677

Serranus 1157

stricticas.sis, Ariua 126

Netunia 126,2765

Tachi.surua graudicas-

sia 126

strigata, Trigla ■. 2167

strigatnm, Spariaoma 1639

atrigatus, Anteiinariua 2720

Gobina 2228

Holacautbua 1683

Prionotua 2167

Scarua 1639

atrigilata, Loricaria 158

.strigosus, Aiiarrbicliaa 2447

Striped Anchovy 443

Hasa 1131,1132

Grunt 1296,1313

Gurnard

Mullet

Surf-ttah

stru-niii. Zeus

Stroniateidu!

Stroniateua alepidotua . .
cryptoaus...

gardenii

longipinnia .
palometa . . .

parti

ainiilliinuB . .

triacautluis .

stroniii, Macroiirua

2167
811

1505
955
964
966
968
066
966
967
966
967
968

2579

411

I

111

3114

Index.

J*-

f

fi-
fe:

my-

Pago.

strumosHH, Gubiesox 233!)

StudflHh 648

Sturgeon, Cum luon 105

Green 104

Lake 106

Ohio 106

Oregon 104

Kocl 106

Rock 106

Sacramento 104

Short-uosed 106

Stone 106

White 104,107

Sturgeons 102

Shovelnose 107

Sturio 103

vulgaris 105

sturio, Acipenser - 105

sturioides, Paragonus 2063

Podothocus 2063

Sturisoma 156, 157

Stygicola 2500

dentata 2500

dentatU8 2500

Stylephorldaj 2601

Stylepliorus '. 2601

cliordatus 2601

stylifer, Hippocampus 778

Styiiodon 220

signiier 230

suareus, Caranx 008

suavis, Cliola 272

Cyprinella •.-- 272

subiBqualis, Corvilla 1429

Corvina 1429

subnrcuata, Zygivna 45

subarcuatum, Utcmulon 1306

subarmatus, Acautburus 1691

Subatka 595

subbifrenatus, Rliypticus 12:t3

subbifurcata, Pliolis 2440

Ulvaria 2440

stibbifuroatus, Eumesograramus . . . 2440

Biibcicrulua, Aniia 113

subf uscus, Labrus 1578

Hubligarius, Contropristis 1219

Dales 1218

Serranus 1219

Buborbitalis, Holoceutrus 850

Macnirus (Nemato-

nurus) 2573

Nematonuriis 2572

Plectromns 841

subrotuuduB, Ostruciou veutre

glabro 1749

subteiTaneus, Lucifuga 2601

Page.

Hubterraneus, Typblichtbys 704

Hubtruncata, Belono 711

Hubtruncatus, Homoprion 1434

Tylosunis 711

Hubiilatus, Orcy nu8 871

siiccincta, Seriola 900

sucetta, Cypriuus 186

Erimy zou 185, 186

oblongus 186

Sucker, liluo-hcaded 171

Brook 178

Carp 166

Columbia River 178

Common 178

EastcrnCarp 168

Fine scaled 178

Elanuul-nioutlied 174

Gourd-seed 168

Hare-lip 199

Hog 181

Hump- backed 184

June, of U tall Lake 183

Large-scaled . . 192

Long-nosed 176

Lump 2096

May 199

Missouri 168

Northern 176

Pea-1 ip 199

Rabbit-mouth 198, 199

Razor-back 184

Rwl 176

Sacramento 178

Sand 1476

Split-mouth 199

Tahoe 177

Webug 180

White 178,192

Winter 187

Suckerel 168

Sucker-mouthed Buffalo 164

Suckers 161

Carp 165

Chub 185

Fine-scaled 173

Lump 2094

Mountain 169, 170

Suckers Spotted 186,187

White-nosed 190

Suck-flsh 2328

Sucking-fish 2269

sucklii, Acanthias 54

Catustomus 179

Spiuax 54

Squalus 54,2749

Sudis 599

Index.

3115

Page.

SiidiH borealiH 601

coniecaiiH 602

intoriiu'dius 600

riiigeiiH 601

Huersonii, C'.ilorliiniis 372

Hucuri, Coryplin'iia 953

Cypriiius (CatostoniiiH) 105

siitHiiinen, Ualistus 1706

(JaiitliidermiH 1706

HUgillatHH, Ophisura 387

Suillus 1580

siiilliis, LaRhDolaiiniiH 1580

siyef, Muroinoides 2419

8ulcatu8, llerpetoichth ys 382

Tracbonurus 2591

Bumichrasti, C'itharichtliys 2686

Summer Flounder 2629

Uerring 426

Sunapee Trout 511

Suniiah 931, 1753

Black-bandod 995

Blue 1005

Blue-spotted 996

Commou 1009

Green 996

Loiigeared 1002

Mud 989

Red-spotted 1004

Round 988

Sunflshes 984, 999

Banded 994

Pigmy 981

Sunny 1009

smerii, Meletta 425

snperbus, Pseudoscarus 1650

Scorus 1650

superciliosus, A Bpidophorun 2036

Hexagnminios 1872

Hippocepbalus 2036

Hy borhynchus 218

Labrax 1873

Surt' Smelts 524

Whiting 1477

Surf-fish 1503

Common 1504

Striped 1505

"Wall-eyed 1493,1501

White 1506

Surgeon, Blue 1691

Common 1691

Surgeon-flshes 1088

Hiirinaiiiense, Pristipoma 1319

Hurinamensis, Auisotremus 1318, 1319

inter-

ruptus 1319

Arius 130

Page.

surinamenHiH, liatracluiideH 2314

Biitradiu« 2314

EngrauliH 447

Galeichthys 2780

Hexaneiiiatirhthys . . 12^t

Holoceiitrua 1236

Lobotes 1 23.'-., 28.58

Liitjanus 1319

PlagioHcion 1419

' PliMironecles 2(i66

Pii'cilia 691

I'seudosciii'iia 1420

Sciiciia 1420

Stokpliorus 447

TachiHuruH 130

Surmullets 855, 856

Husanic, Holeosoniii 1059

sntor, Blupharis 932

Caraux 932

swaini, Notropis 290

Ptt'cilichtliys 1080

Swainitt 10.39, 1040

Swallowers, Black 2291

s wampina, Hydrargira 641

Hydrargyra 645

Fundulus 645

swanii, Bothragoii iis 2086, 2088

Hy])8agoiiU8 2088

swannanoa, Etheo.stonia 1070

Swellflsh 1729,1748

Swell Shark 2.^>

Toad 1732,1733, 1748

Swingle TJail 45

Swordtisb, Common 894

Swordtishes 893

Syacium 2670

latifrons 2673

micruruni 2072

ovale.... 2674

papillosum 267 1

Symbranchia 341

Symbranchidiu 342

f'ymbranclioid Eels 342

Symbrauchus 342

iminaculatiiH 342

marmoratus 342

vittatns 342

symmetricus, Apomotis 998

Caranx 910

Ceratichthys 246

L«'pomi,s 999

Leiu'iiHomuH 240

I'ogonicbthys 246

Ruliliis 245

Snliiio 505

Tracliurus 910

■-VT*:?*,' -*:'^F'fTV-''>'

■;.>iTk7

3116

Index.

Page.

Sj'ninietrurus 223

argyreioHUS 224

Symphiirus 2704,2705

atraineu tatus 2706

atricaiidns 2707

dioniedeanuB 2711

elongatus 2707

fasciulari m 2707

leei 2708

inarginatus 2706

nebiiloBUH 2712

piger 2705

plagiuaa 2710

plagusia 2709

pusillus 2710

williaiuai 2711

Synagris 1288

niacroneniua 1289

synagris, Lutjauus 1271

Neomainis 1270

Spams 1271

Synapliobraucliido! 350

Syiiapliobrauclius 351

afflnis 351

batbybius 352

infernalis 352

kaupii 351

piunatus 351

Synapteretnius 545

Syiiaiiceia cerons 1941

Syubranclius fuliglnosus 342

transversalis 342

Syncbiriniu 1883

Syncliirus 2023

gilli 2024

Sy iiecoglauis 133

beadlei 135

Synentognathi 707

Syuenlognathous Fislies 707

Syngnathi 760

SyngnathidtB 760

Sy nguathinm 760

Syngnathus 701,774

abboti 764

eeqiioreiis 774,2839

afflnis 769

albirostrid 772

arundinaceus 765

ascendens 768

bairdianiia 770

bracbyi-ephalus 769

brevirostris 765

californiunRis 764

cayenn(!i)Bis 773

dekayi 771

dimidiatna 765

Page.

Syngnathus elucens 768

ethun 767

fasciatus ... 77]

fistiilatus 765

flaviroatris 768

fUHCUH 770

grisuolineatus 764

lieckt'li 2839

hippocampus 775

jonesi 768

leptorhynchus 765

linea ,. 768

louisiantK 770

niarmoreus 768

luilbertianus 771

peckianus 771

peckii 770

pelagicus 770

picturatus 7(.8

rousseau 767

segalieusis 2048

sibbaldi 774

tenuis 766

viridescens 771

Sy nodoutidiB 532

Synodus 533,2807

argenteus 411

evermanni 535

fasciatus 536

foetens 538

inteniiediua 535,536

jenkiusi 537,2826

lacerta 537

lacertinus 536

lucioueps 539

niyops... 533

pooyi 536

sauriis 537

scituliceps 537,2826

apixianus 538

syuodus 536

synodus, Esox 536

Saurus 536

Synodus 536

Sypterus 946

Syrrhina 61

exasperata 65

syrtensium, Argentina 526

tabacaria, Fistularia 757, 758

Haliperca 1215

tabacariuB, Centropristes 1215

PrioDodes 1216

Serrauus 1215

tachete, Le Diodon 1746

Taohisurus albicans 124

Index.

3117

Page.

Tachisurns brandti 122

dowi 125

dubiiiH 127

Abhub 131

flav<;8ceiiH 12:i

furthii 132

grandicagsia 126

Htricticas-

siB 12(1

giiloBun i;(3

Jordani 129

kcBHleri 127

longicepbalus 130

luniBciitis 125

mefiops 123

nnchalis 131

oacnla 127

plnty pogon 127

proops 124

Tugispinis 130

phrygiatus - 131

aeeniaiii 120

Bpixii 132

Bnriuamensis 130

teinininckianus 123

variolosas 132

Tachysurinai 115, 2757

TachysuruB 119,121,131,2782

emmelane 2785

einphysetus 122

Abbuh 131,2782

♦'urthii 132, 2787

berzbergii 125

lentiginosus 122

liropuB 2784

melauopas 132,2784

niuItiradiatuB 132,2788

nuchaliB 2782

nuchaluB 131

paBsany 124

peruvianus 122

spixii 131,2783

V arioloBiiB 132, ^788

taczanowBkii, Centronotus 2410

PholiB 2416

Sebastodea 1831

tirnia, liassozetuB 2.510

BathyoniiB 2510

Hlennius 2418

Clinostomus 238

Murasnoides 2418

Squaliua 238

tieniatum, Haemiilon 1308

tmuiatas, Anisotrenius 1322

Cbirocentrodon 435

Evoxyinetopon 886

Page.

taiiiiotim, Tetragonopterns 334

TicniopbiB 392

wcstpbnli 306

tiFniojJH BodinniiH 1144

Enneacent rns 1144

£pin(!])beluH 1144

Serranus 1 144

tieniopteruB, Halistes 1702

CotttiB 1979, 198«

PeriHAias 2607

Platoplirys 2068

PseiidoscaruB 1646

Scarns 1646

Tmniosonii 782

Tieniotoca 1505

latcraliB 1505,1500

Tahoe Chub 2798

Lake Trout 493,2870

Sucker 177

taboeuHis, Catostonuia 177

Salraoclarkii 2870

taiasica, A waoua 2236

ChonopboruH 2237

ti(>bius 2236

Tail, Hard 021

Tailor Herring 425

Taila, Square 975,976

Talismniiia 455

ti'quatoria • 456

antilliiruin 465

Tally- wag 1199

Tainbor 1732, 1734,1805

Tang 1691

Blue 1691

Ocean 1693

tang,Mugil 812

Tangbroanie 2438

tanneri, Hypercboristua 589

tapdisnia, Salnio 483

tapeinoHoma, Auxia 868

Taractea ; 957

aauBBurii 957

Tarandicbtbya 1891

cavifroiis 1891

fiiamentosua 1802

tarascoruni, Alganaea 2796

Tarentola 537

Tarletoiibeania 575

crenularia 575

tenua 575

Tarpon 409

atlanticuB 400

Tarpona 408

Taipum 409

Tatea, Tom 1308

tau, BatracbuH 2316

"m, 1

Pi
if

i

'nil 1

m

3118

Index.

Page.

Tftii, liatrnchoides 2314

Vutracliua beta 2310

pardiiB 2317

Ga<la8 2310

OpHuniLs 2315

Tauridoa 1042,1943,1952

tauriua, ChryHopbrys 1354

taurin uh, Calnnius 1354

tanrocepbala, Clinla 253

tauroceplialus, Alburnops 253

taiirua, Abiidefduf 1563

Carpiodes 105

Glyphidodon 1503

Tautoga 1577

ainericaiia . 1579

crerulea 1577

niger 1577

onitis 1578,1579

tesaellata 1579

tantuga, Labrus 1579

fusca 1579

riibens 1579

Tautogolabrns 1570

adsperHus 1577

Tantogs 1577,1578

taylori, Chilara 2480

Opbidium... 2489

Tchavicbe 479

Tectoepondj'li 53,58

Teipalcate 2098

Teleostei 113

Teleostomi 97,1241

Telescops 1111

t«lescopu8, Leiicisciis 292

Miiiuilns 292

Notropia 292

arcansanna . . . 202

Photogenia 292

Telestes 228

TelipomiH 995

temmiuckianiia, Bagraa • 123

Sciadeicbthya .... 122. 2'()0

Tacbiaurua 123

temminckii. Arias 123

Ditrenia 1510,1511

temminkii, Acantboderma 88U

Kovctns 880

Temniatia 1934

vontricoaa 1930

Temiiodon 940

aaltator 947

tenebrosua, Alepoeopbnlna 453

Antvnnariiia 2710

ChironcctJ'8 2710

tenellua, Fiindiilns 059

Hyborhynubaa 218

Page.

tenorei, Scopeliia 577

Ten-]iouiider 410

tttiitabiinda, T rigla 2183

tentaciilat 118, Cottna 2000

I'orocuttiia 2000

tenua, I'arletou bean ia 675

teiiue, Moxuatonia 180

teniiitilia, Aiiteniiariiin 2721

tenuirostriH, Angiiilla 348

tenuis, Atlierinupsia 802

Gadua 2555

Icelinus 1894

Leiireathea 802

Opistliocentrua 2430

Pbycis 2555

Synguatlma 760

Uranidea 1900

Uropbyoia 2555

teres, Aloaa 420

Catoatomus 179

Cojcula 379

Cyprinus 179

Etrumeus 420

Spbagebrancbua 379

Teretulna 187

cervinua 197

teretnlns, Phenacobiua 303

lioaternus.. 303

tergisna, Hiodon 413

ternt-novoi, Carcliariaa 43

Lyco<lea 2460

Scoliodou 43

Squalua (Carcbarias).. 43

teaaellata, Plagusia. 2709

Tautoga ' 1579

Te88ellate<l Darter 1067

tesaellatnm, Boleoaoma 1046, 1057

Etbeoatoma 1078

teaaellatna, Uadropterua 1070

Labrus 1578

Nothonotua 1078

Testar 2332

testar, Lepadogaater 2332

testndineua, Spliii^roideaauiiulatus. 1736

Spheroidea 1734

Tetraodon 1735

Tetrodon 1735

T6tard 2332

tetard, Giiavina 2200

'Wte-de-roche 1323

Tetrabranchns 342

tetracantbua, Acara 1540

Ceiitrarcbus 1540

Gasterostena 748

Heros 1539

Sparua 1257

Index.

3119

Page.

tetratlens, Ziiiothcca 887

Tetrodon orotli Izon 1739

oniatuH 1742

Tetragonopteriiiii! 3;il

TetragonoptcruH ;i3:t

ii'iioiiH 333

urgeii tntna 330

bntvinmniis 335

faaciiitim 334

fi8(;liuri 331

fuRCoauratus 334

humilis 335

' moxicanua 335

microplitlialiiiiis . 334

microstouui 334

- (Brstedii 334

pauamuusis 334

peteneusis 335

rutiluB 334

scabripinnis 335

ticuiatiis 334

Tetragonopti'UH 1672

Tetragouuridiu 975

Tetragonurns 975

atlanticns 976

cuvieri 1)76

siniplfix 880

tetranemua, Hybopsis 315

Tetracxlon Hetosus 1740

teHtndineus 1735

tetraudou, Ostracion 1740

. Tetraodontidte 172B, 1727

Tetraodonlinic 1727

TetrapteruB amplus 802

imperator 892, 2844

indiciis 892

tetraptarornm, Ecbeuoia 2273

Tetraptunia 891

albidus 802

belone 892

georgii 892

hersdhelii 892

lesaoni 892

tetraapilns, Upeueua 860

Tetrodon 1727

amniocryptua 1735

angnaticepa 1731

annulatua 1736

oapiatratuB 1742

caiidicinctiiH 1742

(Cheilichthya) paohygaa-

ter . 1738

curvna 1728

fonnoaus 1737

fnrthi 1737

geonietricuB 1735, 1 730

beraldi , 1736

Pago.

Tetrodon liispidiiB 1733

liitvigatuB 1728

lineolatua 1728

lunu... 1754

mathoiiiaticiiB 1 728

niola 1754

nepheluM 1733

oxyrliyncbuB 1741

pacbycoplialuB 1729

pachygastor 1738

pliiniieri 1733

politiia 1736

psittaciia 1740

puiictatiasiniuB 1741

puiictatuH 1735

rostratus 1742

apengleri 1733

teatiidinens 1735

tricbocepbaluB 1738

triincatiis 1750

turgidua 1733

nepbelua 1733

Totronarce 77

californica 77

occidentalia 77

tctrophtbaliiia, Liogloasina 2622

Tetroras 51

Teiithididic 1688

Tcuthis 1080

aliala ld93

aiistralia 1691

babianua 1693

cceruluiia 1691

crestonia 1692

bepa tus 1692

tractus 1693

triostegila 1690

Teutbya 1689

texaua, An^uilla 348

Cypriiiella 274

tcxnnuB, Gatostomus 192

Notropia 274

Texas Kedborsu 192

texeusia, Dionda 215

ttixtilia, Salariaa 2400

Salariicbtbya 2400

Thairondotia 392

tbalaaainuni, Etbeoatoina 1071

MoxoBtoina 191

Notbouotua 1072

tbuIaasinuM, Cestroua regalia 1408

Cynoacion 1407

Uoratonotua 1612

Gobius 2245

Lepidogobiua 2245

Microgobius 2245

■'if.

'iii!

-I

I
1

i

3120

Index,

m.

m I

I'ago.

IhaluHHiiiiiM, Mylolt^ixniH 245

OtolitliiiH 14U8

PtyclioHtomiiB 102

Kntilim 245

ThalaHHonia 285)1

bifaHciatum 1610. k>85l)

bil'iimiatiis IHIU

gruiiiiiiatiitilin IGIO, 2H50

liuiasaiiiim 1007, 285«

iiitidiHHhiiiiin 2H50

nitidiiiii 1008,2859

aocMrnx'iiHe 1008, 2850

Btoiiidncliiieri 1000. 2850

vireiis 1611,2850

Thalassophryiie 232:i

dowl 2320

maculosa 2324

retiuulata 2825

ThaleichtliyH 521

pavificiiH ,521

Htevonsl 521

thaleiclitliyfl, OHinonis 522

thazard, Auxia 867

Scomber 867

Theragra 2.5:i5

oLalcogramma 25115

fnceiisiH 2536

Theraps 1540

irregularis 1540

thernialis, Pcecilia 693

tbeta, Diaphnns 565

Diaphus 564

TheuthiB 1689

Thick-tailed Bays 60

Thimble-eyed Mackerel 806

thoburni, Alcidea 1887

Mugil 813

Tholichthys 1672

thomponi, Acipenser 105

Amia 113

Carpiodes 107

Poduthecua 2060

PtyonotuH 2005

Triglopsis 2005

thomsonii, Cottuncalus 1993

Cottus 1994

thoreauianas, Semotilus 223

atromacu-

latus 223

Threadflns 827

Threadflshes 931

Thread Herring 432

Three-angled Trun k-fishea I . . . 1721

Three-bearded Bocklings 2557

Thresher 45

Sharks 45

Pago.

ThriHMU 422

tliriHHii(>'lMpca 432

thrisHinu, Cliipoa 431

Surdinolltt 430

tliriHHoid«H, MegalopM 400

Thumb, M iller'n 1941 , lO.IO

Tb iiiider-innnper 1484

tliiinnin, Oi.ynuH HOO

Thynnif.lil liys 869

ThysinUH 860

Thuniius 869

thy iinus 870

Thymallidnv 517

tbyiiuiUuides, Coregoiius 518

ThymtUus 517

lewiHi 2871

ontarienHis 518

montanus... 519

signifer 517, 2871

montanus 519

ont^irienais 519

tricolor 519,2871

monti.-

iiud . . 2871

tricolor 519

Thyunichtliys 808

bn^vipinniH 809

thunnia 809

thy nnoideH, Auxia 868

Tbyunus 868,869

ailinis 869

argenti-vittatuH 871

atlantieus 871

baltcatus 871

brachypterua 870

brasilionaia 869

brevipinnis 869

coretta 870

leacliianua — 869

raacropteruH 871

iiiediterraneus 870

pacificus 871

pehirays 869

pompiluH 900

rocheanus 868

eecuudo-dora.ilia 870

thunnia 869

vulguriB 870

thynnua, Albacora 870

Orcynua 870

Scomber 870

Thunnus 870

Thyrina 803,2840

crystallina 804

everuianni 804

Thyria 2690

Index.

3121

Page.
422
4112
431
430
4IH)
41,l»r.lt
1484
K09
8(19
861)
8U0
870
517
518
517
2871
518
519
H7,2871
519
519
>19, 2871

2871
519
808

871
871
871
870
869
869
870
869
871
870
871
869
900
868
870
869
870
870
870
870
870
303, 2840
804
804
2690

Page.

Tliyria pellnuida 2691

TliyrnlttiH acaiitlimlttrinii 880

iiiK«'r HT9

pnitiOHaH 880

Hcliolaris HHO

Tliyrsitiiii" 877

t!iy I'Hitoiilt'H, LiMiiiiiHoniii 884

Thy iHiloim vii>laceuH 879

TliyrHohlna alorriina 396

couciildr 396

cormiirrt 394

iiiaciilipiiniiii 394

inin-KiiiHta 304

miliaria 308

Tiaroga 305

coMUh 305

tibiiro, RenicepH 44

Sphy riia 44, 2748

Squalus 30,44

Zygiuiia 44

Til>uroii 39

Tiriiy-ticky 659

Tiger Shark 32

Tijjoma 228,230,231

bicolor 232

coiit'orniis 231

cun^peraa 234

crasHii 231

egn'gia 237

giblmsa 236

gracilis 236

liiiinlmldti 237

intermedia 235

liiiehta 233

nigrescens 234

obesa 233

pulchra 234

purpurea 234

rhinichtliyoidea 312

aq uainata 233

tigrlnuH, Galeocerdo 32

Holocentrua 1214

Myricbthys 376

Frionodea 1214

Serrauus 1214

tigria, Antennariua 2723

Carcharias 49

Chironectes 2723

Epineplielus 1187

Mycteroperca 1187

canielopardalia 1187

Serranua 1187

Triaotropia 1187

Tigrone 32,39

Tilefiali 2278

Tilesia 2537

I

I'age.

Tileaia gracilis 2538

tilcaii, HeiniIi'i>idotuR 1036

tinipaiiogenaig, IIybo|>Hia 233

MinniluH 233

Tiniucu 711,715

tiuiucu, Ki-loiie 715

Khox 711

tinea, SerraiiiiH 1181

tinnella, Algansea 211,2796

LouciacuH 211

Leucus 211

TinktT Maekerel 806

TifioHa 924

tippecaiioc, Ktlieofltonia 1090

Tippecanoe Sisco 460

Tirantea 885

Tim 537

TiniH 533

inarnioratuH ,137

Toad, Swell 17:12, 1733

Toadflsli 1733, 1748, 2313, 2315

Toad-tialu's, Poiaon 232:!

Tobacco liox 68

Tooroe 1403

toeroo, Otolithus 1404

Togue 504

Tokonokomo waru 1829

Tom, Mad 144, 147

toma, Salmo 505

Tonicod, ('alifornia 2539

tomcod, (iadua 2540

MicrogaduH 2540

Tomeoda 2538, 2540

tomcoduH, f ladua 2540

fuscus 2540

luteua 2540

mixtua 2540

Toniicodon 2329

Tomtate 1308

Tondo, Peace 48

Tongue Flab 2704,2710

Toothed Herring 413

Top Minnow 659, 680

topcka, Notroi>i8 266

Topea 31

Toro 920,1724

torpedinua, Trygonobatna 81

Urolopbua 81

Torpedo 77

bancroftl 78

braailienais 78

californi(^a 78

occidentalis 77

pictua 78

torpedo, California 77

torquatua, Labrua 1609

,1

Mi'

m.

3122

Index.

[>»•,.

J * ■

JS

I

Page.

Torreiitaria 1006, 1063, 1080

torridns, Luljniius 1264

torak, BlenniuH 2561

Gadus 2561

torvus, Cottuiiculiis 1994

tota, Perca mactilis 1 153

Toter 181

toto, Cyprinus 415

Totuava 1411

townsendi, OobiuH. 2250

Lanipanyctus 558

Myctoplinni o58

toxotes, Ditrema 1508

Rhacochilus 1507

Trachelocirrus 950

Trachkhthyidii' . 836

I'racLichtliys pretiosas 837

TrachidenniH ricliardsoni 1944

TrachinocophaIu8 533

iiiyops 533

Trachinoid BMshes 2273

Trachiiioidea 2273

Trachiiioidei 781

Trachinotinn' 897

Tr»chiiiotus 939

argeutens 944

caroliuiii 9''4

faycniionsis 945

culveri 942

cuprous 944

falcatus 941,2847

fu8CU8 942

glaucuH 9^0

gondei 943

kennedyi 942

palunia 945,2848

rlimtopus 911, 943

rlionihoides 2847

Hpin-^Hus 942

Tracbiuiis adaeiicioiiis 1153

cirrhosus 2019

gasteropelecuB 2297

OHbeck 1153

puiictatua 1153

tritliiHioii 2296

trachinuH, Mahicaiitlms 2276

Salnio 5!j3

TnichiauruH parkeri 126

Traclionurua 2591

sulcatus 2591

trachura, Riiia 76

Ku.ja 76

Trochurop.s 91 J

braiiiycliiruH 911

cniiiieii<i]>hthalinua 911

pluiniori 912

Page.

Trachurus 909

aliciolus 904

boops 922

ciivieri 910

eiiropicus 911

fallax 010

faar.iatus 904

iniperialis 927

liuiiiL'i 911

picturatus 909, 2844

riasoi 910

saurus 91i

aquamoHiis 921

syminetricus 910, 2844

tracliui-us 910

tracburuH, Garanx 910

Cottus 1936

GasteroHteuH 747

Heniik'pidotns 1936

Sconiber 910

TrachuruB 910

Tracbynotus argeuleuit 941

caroliuus 944

cupreus 944

fasciatus 941

glaucoides 941

glaucus 941

goreensis 213

nasutus 941

ovatus 942

puinpauus 944

rhoniboides 942

tracby iM)nia, My ripristia 81 6

Tracbypterus 2870

trachyurus 26(tl

Tracbyrbampbus 761, 2568

TracbyriiichiiiiB 2562

Trachyriiicus 2568

UelolepiH 2568

trat^byurua, Tracbypterua 2601

tractUH, Acantburua 1693

Toutbia 1693

Trahirat* 330

tran(iut'bar, Aaitidopboroidoa 2092

trausiiiOiituna, Cnlunibia 784

traiixnioutanua, Acipenaer 104

Khinichthya 307

trauHveraalia, Synbranchiia 342

traimverHUin, PrBciloHOiiia 1089

traaki, Hyaterocarpua liOO

tret'ulii, Dioplitea nueceiiiiiH 1012

Trecflab 1827

TreiiiatcpaiH 1753

willugbei 1754

TriacantliMlw 1697

Triacaiit budiutu 1697

-±: a

Index.

3123

Pnj»e.

triacanthiis, ArgyrioHus 936

Nanclarus 800

PoroTiotus 2841*

RhombuH 967

Stroinateiis 968

Xenochiriia 2084

Triad's benlei 31

triitgrainnia, Ileros 1J20

Triakia 31

sttiiiifasoiatiira 31

triangularis, Ostraciou tuberculua . 1723

Pachynathus 1705

triangulum, Lutjainis 1454

Tribe, Flounder 2607

Halibut 2605

Turbot 2608

tribnluH, Prionotus 2171, 2172

Trigla 2172

Tricbidion 828

apiiroxiinans 829

octofllis 830

octonemus 8o0

opercularis 831

plumieri 830

Trichinridffi 888

Tricliiurus 889

argenteus 889

caudatus 887

ensifonnis 887

gladius 887

lepturus 889,2844

trichocepbalus, Sphasroides 1738

Tetrotlon 17i8

Tricbocycliis 1743,1744

eriuaceus 1744

Tricbodei-raa 1714

Tricboditxlon 1743,1744

pilosus 1743,1744

TrioIiuduD 2205

JuponicuH 2297

lineatun 2297

stelleri 2297

trichodon 2295

tr ichodon, Drucbiniis 2297

Mupfl 8i6

TracbinuB 2296

Tricbodou 2295

Tricbwlontidiu 2296

Tricbonotus... 409

Tricbopsetta 2669

ventralis 2669

tricbopteruH, Pteraclin 956

triclir«i«tia, CHola 276

CMloiiia 276

triuhroiHtiuH, Notropis 275

tricocepbaluH, Spberoides 1737

Page.

tricolor, Chii'torton 1684 .

Engraulis 443

Gcnicantbus 1684

Uolacantbus 1684

Pomacautbus 1684

Thymallus 519

signiler 519

Tricopteius 915, 917, 920

tricornis, Lactopbrya 1724

Ostracion 1725

tricuspidatus, Hyporbaiiipbus 720

tricuspis, Cottus 2009

Gyiiinocanlbus 2008

Pbobetor 2009

tridecemlineatus, Esox 628

trideua, Acrop<«cilia 690

ArcbosarK'us 1360

Ceutropristis 1202

Luljanus 1202

Pa)cilia(Acr<.i.«)cilia) 690

Sargua 1361

tridentata, Lunipetra 12

tridentatus, xVniinociL'tos 12

Eutospbenus 12

Icbtbyoinyzoii 12

Petroiiiyzon 12

tridentiger, Gai><buaia 2833

tridigitatus, Dactyloscopus 2301

Polyneinus 2177

Trifarcius 670

I'elicianus 676

rivereudi 673

tril'aRciata, Hydrargy ra 639

Lepomis 1011

trifurca, Centropristcs 1202

Perca 1202

trifurcus, Antbias 1202

Centropristis 1202

Seinmus 1201, 1202

trigamuum, Cbirus 1872

Trigger Fisbes 1698, 1699

Trigla 2176,2867

carol iaa 2 1 56, 2 172

cuculuti 2177

digitia vjo'iisia paluiatia 2183

evolaua 2169

f'aaciata 2183

liiu'ata 2167

palniipos 2156

pictipiiniix 2176

piui 2177

puuctata 21 70

Htri<4;ata 2167

teiitabuiida 2183

tota rubeim 2177

tribuhm 2172

3124

Index.

Page.

Trigla volitans 2183

Triglida) 2147

Triglochin 46

Triglops 1923

beani 1924

piugeli 1923

pleurostictus 1923

8cepticu8 1925

xonoatethus 1927

Triglopais 2005

stiuipsoni 20U5

tlionipsoni 2005

Trigonobatus 82

triguuum, Ostracium 1724

trigonuB, Lactoplirys 1723, 1724

Ostracium 1724

trilineatum, Pristipoma 1320

trilineatns, AuisotremuM 1320

tnlobatus, Scarus 1654

Tiilobarus 1108,1199,1201

trilobus, Blepsias 2019

Lutjanus 1200

trimaculatus, Ileros 1529

Trinectes 2693

scabra 2701

triostcgus, Acautburus 1691

Cha;todon 1691

Teutbis 1600

tripes, Nealotiis 881

Triple-tail 1235

Trii)teronotns 401

Tripterygiuiii carnuuale 2350

tripterygius, Cottus 2023

tripunotnlatus, Maiirolicas 578

Viiieuciennelliis ... 578

triqueter, Lactopbrys 1722

Ostracion 1723

triserialiB, Mura'iiopsis 384

Opbicbthus 384

Opbicbthys 384

triseriata, Platyrbiua 66

triseriatiis, Platyrbinoidis 65,66

ItbinobatiiH 66

triHigiiatiiin, Moxostoma 179

Trisotropis 116!), 1172

agu^ji 1175

boiiaci U75

bniuiieus 1^75

callinruB 1186

caniclopardalis 1187

cardiiuilis 1174

eblorostomus 1179

diiuidiatus 1179

fali'atiis 1185

inlorHtitialis 1179

microlepis 1178

Page.

Trisotropis petroans 1172

reticulatas 1187

roaaceiis 1184

stoinias 1178

tigris 1187

trispinosa, Corvina 1443

trispiuosus, Udontopyxis 2085

Pseudoscarus 1648

Scarus 1648

trispiuous, Odontopyxis 2086

tristis, Moniana 272

tristujcbus, Esox 1 11

Lepisostous Ill

Litbolepis Ill

triurus, Bodianus 1236

trivittatns, Diabasis 1311

Graramistes 1311

Sebastoiles 1834

Trocbocopus darwinii 1586

pulcber 1585

Troinpa 1653

Lija 171

Troinpetero 754, 757

tropica, Ecbeneis 2268

tropicus, Atractosteus Ill

Lepisostens Ill

Tropidiclitbys 1741

Tropidiuius 1278

arnillo 1279

dentatus 1279

Tropidodus 20

troscheli, Heros 1537

Sciadeiclitbys 122, 2757

Sciades 122,2758

troscbelli, Glypbidodon 15o2

Trout 483

Black-spotted 487

Blue-back 514,2819

Brook 606

Bull 507

Coast Kange iMM

Colorado Kiver 496

Columbia River 492

Cut-throat 487, 492, 493

Dolly Varden 507

Dublin Pound 507

Gila 226

Golden of Mount Whitney ... 503

Great Lake 504

Green-back 497

Kamchatka Salmon 2818

Kaniloops 499

KernRtver 602

Lac de Marbre 515

LakeTahoe 403,2870

Mackinaw 604

I, : i ; I

Index,

3125

Pase.
502
503
503
495
514
500
1872
507
495
Rock 1866,1867

Trout McCloud River Rainbow . . .

Nissue

No-she

of Utah Lake

Oquassa

Rainbow

RedRcM^k

Re<l-8potted

Rio Grande

Rocky Mountain

Salmon

Sea . .

Silver

Speckled

of Lake Crescent

Sunapco

Truckee

AVaha Lake

Yellow-fln

Yellow8t<" ' •

487 '
497 j
1407 ^
493 I
506 '
2821
511
4!I3
49()
41)6
491!

Trout rerch 782,784

trowbridgii, Abeona 1497

Ilolconotns 1497

HomalopouiUs 2531

Trucha 819

Tnickee Trout 493

truculentus, Chorophthalnius 542

True Eels 346

Fishes 97

Sardines 422

Sharks 21

Trumpet fish 754,756,759

trnncata, Belone 714,715

Maltha-a 2738

Ranzania 1755, 1756

truncatns, Blennius 2381

Dinectus 106

Orthagoriscus 1756

Salmo 499

Saurus 533

Scarus 1641

Tetrodon 1756

Trunk-fish 1720,1721,1722,1723 |

Spotted 1723 I

Three-angled 1721

Trutta 483,486,487

487

483

247

240

82

84

84

84

85

trutta, Salmo .

TruttiB ,

Trycherodon

Trygon.

niegalops .

gymnura ..

hastata

osteostiota.
aabina

Page.

Tr j'gou sayi 86

tuberculata 84

Tr vgonobatus torpedinus 81

Trygonorhina alveata 65

Tscliawy tsclia 479

tschawy tscha, Oiicorhynchus 479

Siilmo 480

tschawytsciiiturniiM, Salmo 478

tsiltcoosensis, Catostomus 2793

tsuppitch, Fario 493

Oucorhynchus 481

Salmo 481,495

tulterculata, Dasibatis 84

Raia 84

Trygon 84

tuberculatus, Catostomus 186

Sphfcroides 1733

tiibercult', Le Sph^Toide 1733

tnberculiie, Raie 84

tudca, Gobiesox 2333

Salmo 508

Spbyma 44

Zygiuna 44

tuditana, Cliola 253

tuilitanis, Hybopsis 253

tuditanus, Hypargurus 253

Leneiscus 253

Tullibee 473

tullibee, Argy rosonuis 473

bisselli 473

Coregoiius 473

bisselli 473

Salmo (Coregonus) 473

tnmidus, Carpiwles 167

Cliironectes 2717

Lophius 2716

Tuna 870

tunicata, Lipuris 2121,2128

tunicatuM, Liparis 2120

Tunnies 869

Little 868

Tunny 870

Little 869

Turbot 1701

Ocean 1706

Tribe 2608

turcliesius, Pseudoscarus 16.59

Scarus 1658

Turdus Cauda convexa 1145

ciuereus peltatus 1373

Jlavus 1583

oculo radiato 1591, 1703

pinuis branclii.ilibus 12')7

rhoiiiboidiiliH 1691

turgidus, Tetrodou 1733

nephelus 1733

I

3126

Index.

Page.

turnuri, Lycodiilepis 2469

Lycodes 2489

tuacumbia, £theo»tunia 1100

Psychroniaster 1100

Two-8i)iiied Stickolback 748

Tyee Salmon 479

TyloBurus 708

acus 716

alnieida 715

itngiisticops 712

ardeola '. 713

caribbibUH 717

contrainii 717

vra.s8U8 716

diploticnia 712

euryopu 711

exilis 714

fodiator 715

galentiia 716

gladiiis 716

hiaiis 718

longirostris 714

marioiitt 714

niicrops 712

notatiis 710,711

paciliciia ,. 716

raphidoma 715

sagitta 711

HcapulariH 711

aierrita 713

atolznianni 713

aubtruncatua 711

timucu 711

Tynipanomiiim 1753

planci 1754

Tyntlaatea 2262

brevia 2262

sagitta 2263

Typhlitbtbya 704, 2835

roaro 2835

aubterraneua 7U4, 2835

Typhlogobiua 2261

calitbrniniiaia 2262

Typblopaaras 2729

abufeldti 2731

typica, ScitPna 1448

Typical SbarkH 19

typicua, 0])liio8cion 1448

Plargyriis 283

typus, Achiropbicbtbya 388

Skeponopodus 892

tyrannua, Angiiilla 348

Brevoortia 433

aiirea 434

brevicaiidata . 434

patruiinH 434

Page.

tyraiiiiim, Clnpua 434

Tyrant Fiah 886

Ugly Fisb 137

wbleri, C'i tbarichtbya 2684

Ultema 1371

lofroyi 1371

I'lca 2021

marmorata 2021

ricina 2088

rika 1974

like 1974

Ulocentra 1047,2851

daviaonii 104!)

gilberti 1049,2852

biatrio 1050, 1051

meadiiD 2852

pblox 1052

aimotora 1051, 2853

stjgmiua 1047

verocuiida 1"'

nlocbir, Paraliparia 21,.

ulvas Xipliidiun 2424

Xipbiatea 2423

Ulvaria 2440

aubbifurcata 244U

TJlvicola 2413,2869

saucli(!-roaa3 2413

Umatilla, Agoaia 313

Unibla 506

minor marina 823

iimbla, Salnio 509

Umbra 623,2807

delicatiaaima 621

limi 623

pygnuea 624

py gmn'rt 624

iimbratilia, Alburnellna 299

Alburuua 299

Miunilua 299

Notropia 298

ardenn 301

atripes 300

cyanocepbalna 300

fasciolaria 301

lytbrariia 300

matutinua 301

punctiilatns . . 301

iimbratilis 299

Umbridn* 622

iinibrifer, Notropia 274

I ' rolopbua 2752

Itiiibrina 1465

albiirniia 1475

analia 1408

areuata 1474

%

Index.

3127

Uubrina broassonetii..

coroidos

doi'salis

eloiigata

I'urnieri

galiipagoritra .

gracilis

.janiiai'ia

littoralis

iiiartiiiicoDsia

uasiis

iiebiiloHa

panaineusis ..

pha1a;na

roDcador

sinaloie

iiudulatus, Menticirrhiis

Micro]iogon

Ostracion

Rhiiiobatus

Scnniber

iindiilosus, Serranus

iiiierarak, Ophidiuiii

Unibrancbapertura

grisea

iiuinaciilata . .

linoata

marniorata . .
unicolor, Ammociutes

Page. I
1466
1466
1469
1476
1463
1468
1474
1474
1477
1474
1473
1475
1473
1475
1467
1468

uiidulata 1 467, 1476

xanti 1467, 1468

umbrosa, Cliola 273

Cypriiiolla 273

Lopidopsetta 2642

Narcine 78

umbrosus, Equea aciiminatiiH 1487

Esox 627

Gyiuuothorax 390

Platichthys 2643

Pleuronectes 264:1

Sebasticbtbys 1807

Sobastodes 1807

Umbriila 1469,1471,1476

D ubarana 411

uncinatus, ArtedioUus 1905, 1906

Centridenuichtbyu 1906

CoUu8 1906

Iceliis 1906

iincompabgre, Xyrancben 184

uiideciimtle, Hicmulon 1300

undecinialis, Contropoinus 1118

Sciicna 1119

undecimradiatus, CentropoinuB 1119

undulata, Murainophis 403

Perca 1462

Umbrina 1467, 1476

1476

1461

1724

63

867

1181

2477

342

342

342

342

342

10

Page.

unicolor, Bryttus 1001

Cbii!todon 1676

Holoceutrus 1192

Hypoplectriw ..: 1190,1192

aberrans . . . 1193

aoceusiis - .. 1193

atbiiis 1193

bovinus 1193

(bloruruB .. 1193

crucotua.... 1192

gumiuigutta 1192

^uttavari ii s 1192

ii.digo 1193

nigricans... 1192

pinnivariiiM 1192

puella 1192

vitulinus . . . 1192

Perca 1192

Petroinyzon niarinus 10

Serranus 1192

Solea 2702

Soldotalpa 2703

Unicorn Fisli 1719

unicornis, Citliarichtbj's 2683

ITnicomn pisces babaniensis 1719

unicornus, Balistes 1720

unifasciatus, Hemirbamphus 720,721

Hyporbanipbus 720

unimaculata, Perca 13G0

nnimacnlatus, Arcliosargus 1359, 1360

Argyreiosus 934

Clinus 2441

Grammistes 1360

Sargus 1360

StichicuB 2441

nninotata, Heterandria 687

iu<inotatU8, Ctenlabras 1577

Girardinup 687

Lutjanus 1271

Mesoprion 1271

unionensis Ccii troponins 1122

univittatns, Apodiclitbys 2412

Upeneus 857,2843

balteatiis 860

dentatuB 859

flavovittatus 860

grandinquamis 860

niaculatus 858

martinicua 859

parvus 850

piiuctatus 859

rathbnni 857

CetraspiluB 860

xaDtbograniinus 860

UpselonpboruB 2306

guttatuB 2310

I

h

3128

Index.

m

V- f

Page.

Upaelouphorus y-gra)cuni 2308

uracautha, Loricaria 158

TTraleptus 2546

maraldi 2545

Uranichthya 381

bracliycepli aliis 382

liavaiineusis 382

Uranidca 1963

aspera 1944

beudirei 1964

bolooides 1968

cognuta 1955

foriuosa 1969

fraiikliiii 1967

gobioides 1968

gracilis 1968

greenei 1965

gulosa 1945

hoyi.... 1969

kiimlieni 1967

raarginata 1965

microstoma 1958

pollicaris 1954

punctnlata 1949

qui»!8cen8 1968

rhothea 1947

ricei 1953

ricliardsoni 1952

seniiscabra 1950

spilota 1953,1962

tenuis 1960

vheelori 1950

vist'osa 1968

nranidea, Cottogaster 1044

Ktheostonia 1045

uraiiiips, I'henacobius 304

UranoscopidiD 2305

Uraiioscopiniv i.306

UrauoscopuH anoplos 2308

y-graecum 2308

urauoscopiis, Ceratiaa 2730

Mancalias 2729

XJraptera 60

binoculiita 73

ITraspis 916,918,926

Uriphiitou 1143

Urocentnw 2414, 2415

pictiis 2416

Urocongor 358

viciuus 358

Urolopbinm 79

Urolo|>lius 79

aspidiiriiB 81

asterian 82, 2752

goodei 81

hallori 80

Page.

Urolophns jamaicenais 81

mundus 81

nebulosiia 80, 2752

rogersi 2752, 2753

torpodinuH 81

umbrifer 2752

Uronectes parii 2478

urophtbalnius, Hcros 1537

Urophycis 2552

cbesteri 2556

cliuss 2555

cirratus 2553

earlli 2554

lloridanus 2554

regins 2553

tenuis 2555

TJropsetta 2624

calilornica 2626

Uropterygius 403

necturus 404

urostigiiia, Cliola 276

Urotrygon 80

mundus 81

Uroxis 82

ursinus, Saliuo 505

unis, Bubalicbtbys 164

Cari)iode8 164

Tctiobus 164

ScleroguatbiiB 165

ustuH, Callyodou 1624

Cryptotomus 1624

Utah Lake Chub 232

Mullet 179

Trout 495

Utah, Salnio 495

utawana, Catustomus 170

uter, Cattilus 25

Uwo Aka 1833

Vaca 1190

Vacas 1189

vacca, Capriodes 168

Danialichthys 1510

Ditreina 1510

VaciuM'.ua . 1427

val'er, Myrophis 372

vagraus, Chirostonia 795

Kirtlaudia 794

ladniata 2840

Meuidia 705

lacinlata 795

valilii, Lycodes 2463

Vaillautia 1064,1000

<:aiuura 1060

chlorosonui 1U60

valeucienuei, Sniaragdus 2228

Valunciennellus 577

Index.

.3129

Pajje.

Valeucieniielliia tripunctuIatUH 578

valencienneai, AriiiH 124

Bagriis 124

Erotelis 2204

Moxostoiiia 190

TampyruH, Cephaloptorns 93

Ceratoptora 93

Vandellius 886

liisitanicus 887

vaudepoUi, GirardiniiB 2834

F(Bcilis t»96

ariibeiiBis 2834

vaudoisulu, Gila 240

vandoisnlus, Leuoisciis 239

Sqiialius 240

Vaqueta de dos Colores 1684

varia, IVrca 1200

variabilis, Acantliocottns 1975

Dioplites 1012

Perca 1784,1790

Pumacentrus 1552

Sobastes 1784

* variatiim, Boleosoma 1070

Etheostoina 1069

variatua, Alvordius 1034

Characodon 669

Hadropterua 1070

variegata, Lainpetra 2745

Loricaria 159

Mimcna 2805

Salpa piirpiircacena 1271

varii!gatu8, Batra<;lioi<les 2316

Cypriiiodon 671

riverendi .. 673

LiiuniirgiiH 666

Orbislanvis 1735

Pachylabrus 1508

Sargiis 1364

varioluHiis, Arius 132

Tacliisnnis 132

Tachysurus 132, 2788

variiis, Cephalus 1756

Malacocteiiua 2357

Mouacanthus 1716

Myxmles 2357

Saurus 530

Serranus 1153

volata, Chalisoma 1703

velatuni, Moxostoma 190

velatuB, PtycliostomuB 190

veliana, Atlieriua 790

velifer, Carpiodes 167

CatostumuB 167

Ictlobus 167

Letliaroim 375

Khiniclit liyM ( A ])Ocopi>) 312

3030 119

Pago.

vflifera, Agoaia 212

velox, CarclinrliiniiM 2747, 2748

Cliola 253

EuleptorhainpliiiB 724

vcnadoruiii, Mycteroporca 1 186

Venctica 365

procera 365

vciienosa, Mycteroporca 1 1 72

apiia.... 1173,1174

guttata.... 1174

marina 1172

vonenosus, Epinopholiis 1172

veiiosa, Moletta 426

vcno.suH, AluteruH 1719

ventralis, ArnoglosBits 2670

HrnsinopbyciH 2503

CitharichthyB 2670

Cottiis 2008, "JOOO

Dineiiiaticthys 2503

Novaculichtbys 1615

Ogilbia 2503

TrichopHotta 2669

XyricbtbyB 1616

vontre, Ostracion subrotundus

glabro 1749

vontricoBa, Apocope 309

Teniiiistia 1036

veutrlcosiis, lilepsias 1936

Ceratiditbys 309

Cotylis 2104

Cyrlopterichthys 2104

CyclopteruB 2104

Salnio 509

SebastoB 1829

SebastodcB 1829

vontriosum, Scyllium 25

venuBta, Cliola 274

Cyprinella 274

Emmceliia 1<)02

Limia 665

Liicania 665

venuHtiiB, Diuemus 854

Notropis 274, 275

Pseiidojulis 1602

Xyrichthys 1619

vorany , Cybiuin 877

Vt'iasper 2618

Mioseri 2619

Verde, Johnny 1195

Mojarra 1 538

Morena 396

Piidiano 1590,1591

Verdes, Cabrillas 1194

vorecunda, Ulocentra 1049

verocundiini, Ktlieostoina 1050

Lepidion 2543

i\

3130

Index.

X

\h :

Pajjo.

Verilus 128:i

sordidus 1284

Verma 374

kendalll 375

Vermelho, Piidiano 1583

verniiculariH, Corvina 1453

Opbioscion 1452

Scimna 1452,1453

Sparus 1271

venuiculatiiH, Esox 027

Exocflctus 740

Lucius 627,2827

Xyrichthys IGl'.t

vermifurinis, Neoconger 362

Venniglia, Pesca 1811

vernalia, Gliipea 426

Gobio 321

Hydrargyra 639

Hyodon 413

Pomolobus 426

Scomber 860

vemnllas, Batraohoides 2316

verreiiuxi, Conger 355

verres, Coasyphus 1583

LutjanuH 1583

verrilli, Gyninothorax 394

Lyceucbelya 2470, 2471

Lycoiles 2471

Lycodontis 393

Sidera 394

verrucosa, Occa 2043

veiTucoaus, Brachyopsis 2044

Cottua 1980

Diodon 1749

Myoxocepbalua 1979

Verrugata 1476

Verrugato 1462,1463

veraicolor, Abraiuia 250

Girardinua 689

Heterandria 688

Labrus 1346

Malacocteims 2359

Myxodea 2359

Pa?cilichthy8 1089

veraipnnctatus, Gyninotborax 3U4

vertagus, Gadna 2541

verticalia, Echenois 2270

verticallia, Pleuroniclithya 2638

verua, Carchariaa 50

Conger 355

veapertilio, Holorhinus 90

Malthica 2737

Ogcocepbalua 2737

Rhinoptera 90

veternua, Podotbecua 2063, 2064

vetnla, BaUstea 1703

Pago.

votula, Paendoacama 1650

Scarua 1647, 1649

vetulua, Paropbry s 2640

Pleuronectea 2641

vt-xillare, Boleoaonia nigrum 1058

Etbeoatoma nigrum 1058

vexillaria, Sebaat icbthy a 1 822

Sebaatodea 1821

vexillarium, Holocentrum 852

vexiilariua, Holocentrua 852

Vexillifer 2495

vheelori, Uranidea 1950

Vijvjaca 1639

vicenaia, Trigla digitia 2183

vioina, Muricna 394

Miirainophia 394

Sidera 394

vicinalia, Icelua 1016

vioinua, Gymnotborax 394

Lvcodontia 304

Uroconger 358

victoritB, Moxostoma 187

Vicuda 824

Vieja 1635,1636,1649

Colorada 1639

Muger 1639

Viejaa 1627

vigil, loa 1065

vigilax, Ceraticbtbya 253

Cllola 253

Villariua 2789

dugeaii. 2789

pricei 2790

villoma, Clupea 521

villoaus Cottua 2022

Mallotua 520

vincente, Sicy di iim 2207

vinoiguerrte, Exoenetna 734

Exonautea 2836

Vinciguerria 577

attenuata 577

vinctipea, Kanoatoma 1075

vinctus, Blemiiua 2382

Carnnx 918

Fundulua 637,2827

vinolontua, Letbotreniua 2101

viola, Aiitimora 2344

Equea 1486

Haloporphyrua 2544

violaceu, Bipinnula 878

violaceus, Apodicbtbya 2427

Cebedicbtbya 2427

Eacolar 4843

Thyrsitopa 879

Vii)er-flalie8 578, 584

virenn, Cbloriolitbya 1610

Index.

3131

ajjc.
1050
,1640
2640
2641
1058
1058
1822
1821
852
852
2495
1050
1539
2183
304
394
394
1016
304
304
358
187
824 V
i,1640
1630
1630
1627
1065
253
253
2789
2780
2700
521
2022
520
2207
734
2836
577
577
1075
2382
918
,2827
2101
2344
1486
2514
878
2427
2427
4843
879
78,584
1610

PllJIO.

Tireua, Gadus 2534

PoUachius 2534

Scania 104(1

TbalaHSoma 1«U, 2859

virescene, Apodiclitliys 2412

Clupea 42«

Cyuosctou 1415

Gallus 932

Gyiiiuothorax 394

Lycodoiitis 394

Otolithic 1415

Pantoiiteiis 171, 172

virgata, Coryphiuna 953

TirgatiiliiB, Gobieaox 2333

virgatiim, Etlieostoma 1093

virgatas, Delolepia 2442

Poecilichthys 1093

virginalia, Salar 495

Saliuo clarkii 2819

mykiss 495

Scania 1647

virginianus, Acuntliocottua 1976

Cottua 1976

Scorpiiis 1076

virginicum, Priatipoma 1323

virginicua, Aniaotremna 1322, 1323

Polydactyloa 829

Polynemua 830

Pomadasya 1323

Sparua 1323

viride, Ophidliim 2*/7

SpUi'iaoiua 16'<8

virideacens, A tlierina 800

Fundnlua 641

Gamerua 523

Sphyneiia 820

Syngnathiia 771

viridipullidua, Gobius 2259

viridia, Aiuia 113

Centrarclma 992

Centropomua 1118

Diacope 1246

Eaox 110

Evoplitea 1246

Genyoroge 1246

Gymnelia 2477

Lepidoateua Ill

Lul^janua 1246

Piacis bataanicnaia 1638

Scarus 1638

viacoaa, Uraiiidea 1908

viacoaua, Cottiia 1908

Siluriia 143

vitrea, Amniocrypta 1U<)5

loa 1064

Lucioperca 1022

Page.

vitrea, Perca 1021

vitreum, Stizoatcdioii 1021

vitrona, INcciliclithya 1065

vitta, Xyrlchthya 1617

vittata, Argyrotipnia 833

Cbanuouiuriuna 404

Gliola 258

Clupea 421

Codonia 258

Ecbeneia 2260

Gyninoiniirojna 404

Hemitremia 242

Inenuia 1366

Lepidonieda 328

P(ecilia 602

vi ttutnni, Exogloaaiim 327

vittatua, Ainniodytea 833

Cypriniia 307

Emmelichthya 1305,1368

ErythrichUiys 1366

Eaox 628

Ichtbyophia 404

Leuciacua 282

Proceroa 102

Sarcbirua 110

Siphatelea 244

Sparua 1323

Syinbranchua 342

vitula, Sargna 1364

vituliniim, Plectroponia 1192

vitnliiiua, Hypoplectrua unioulor. . . 1192

vituluH, Carpiodes 165

Viuva 1788

vi vauet, Bodianus 1257

vivanua, Anthiaa 1224

Heinianthiaa 1223

Lutjanua 1264,1265

Meaoprion 1263

Neoniuiiiia 1202

Prunotograiiiniua 1224

vivax, Amniocrypta pcllucida 1003

Clicla 253

vi vipara, Pa>cilia 691

Vlviparoua Perch 1498

viviparua, Lopbins 2715

Sebastea 1761

vlamingii, Corypbeena 953

Voilier 891

Volatlor 740,2183

volador, Exoc(Btn8 733

Riibio 2164

Voladora, Aguja 891

Volaiitin 914

volitana, ('eplialacantbua 2183

Dactylopterna 2183

ExocflBtus 734,736

■.■_V.i.t.J,^ i..^-\

3132

Index.

volitiiiiH, Trigln 218:i

voIiicdUiih, HyliognntliiiH 203

H.vhopsis 203

Leuciscim 203

Notrupis 203

Vomer 033

braailiensia 034

brownl 934,2846

cayenncnsiH 034

ooIumbianuH 0:i4

oiibu) 934

ourtiiB 034

doiiiiniceimiH 934

dorsal is 034

gabonviiHis 9 > (, 2K40

goreen»is 934

martiniciiiisis 934

noveboracensis 934

sauctm iiiartliiL' 934

sancttepetri . ; 934

senegalcDsis 034

setipiniiis 034, 2846

spixii 2846

vomer, Argy reiosiis 936

Selene 936

Zens 930

voiiieriiia, Atberina 793

voiuerinuH, Aiiarrhiclias 2447

Salarius 2400

vorax, Lucius 028

Mesoprion 1281

Platyinius 1281

Pseudorbombiis 2626

Ptycbocheilus 227

Voraz 1280

vulgaris, Acantliias 54

Aiueinrus 140

Amiurns 140

Auxis 868

Brosmius 2561

Conger 355

Gunuellus 2419

Hippoglossus 2612

Liparis 2118

Lunipus 2097

Morlut'cius 2530

Molva 2552

Mustelus 29

Pagrus 1357

Piiuelod us 140

Poinotis 1010

Sphyriena 826

Sqnatina 59

Sturio 105

Tliynnus 870

vulnorata, Apocope 312

Page.

vulneratum, Etbeostonia 1077

vulneratua, Notbonotus 1077

I'o-cilichtliys 1077

vulpoculua, PinielcHlus 141

Vulpes babanicnsiH 411

vnlpes, Albula 411

Alopecias 46

Alopias 45

Esox 411

Pimeloihis 135

SebnstodcH 1835

Squnlus 46

Tulpinus, Squalus 46

Vulsiculus 2181

iniberbis 2181

vulsus, Agonus 2068

Podotbecus 2068

Stelgis 2067

wabashensis, Anguilla 348

WacbnaCo«l 2537

wagneri, Piraeloil us 161

Rbaimliii 150, 151

Waba Lake Trout 496

Wahoo 876

walkeri, Selanonius 49

Wall-eyed Herring 426

Pike 1021

Pollack 2536

Surfttsbes 1501

Warinoutbs 091, 992

warreui, liolcicbtbys 1103

Po;ciliclitbys 1103

Salmo 483

Warn, Mo 1829

watauga, Hybopsis 310

Weakfisli, Bastard 1406

Couiniou 1407

Spotted ■ 1.409

webbi, Embiotoca 1505

webbii, Blennopbis 2401

Opliioblennius 2401

Webug Sucker 180

welaka, Notropiii 2799

Welsbuian 848

Wcncb, Old 1703

West Indian Lancelct 3

westpbali, Tiuniopbis 396

WbaleSbarks 52

wheatlandi, Oasterosteus 749

AVbifls 2678

wbippltii, Boleosoma 1096

Cliola 279

Etbeostonia alabamiB 1006

wbipplii, Boleicbthys 1096

Cypriuella 279

\i !

Index.

313.1

Pug*).

whlpplii, Rtheuatoma 1005

Notropis 278

Whip-Uilml Ka.vs 70

Whirligig MulUit 818

WiiiteBass 1132

Cat 134,138

Croaker 1307

Grunt 1310

Hake 2555

LakeBass 1132

Mullet 180,813

Perch 1133,1134, 1484, 1501, LWO

Salmon uf 1 ho Colorado 223

Sea BasH of California 1413

Sturgeon 104,107

Sucker 178,102

Surf-flsh 1506

Whitehill 431

White-hone Porgy 1353

White-eye 1021

Whiteflsh 433,461,2276

Broad 464

Common 465

Humphack 466

Menominee 465

Mongrel 473

Musquaw River 466

Rocky Mountain .... 463

Round 465

Sault 466

White-mouthed Drummer 1462

White-nosed Suckers 100

Whiting 2530

California 1477

Carolina 1474

Korthem 1475

Sand 1474

Silver 1477

Surf 1477

Whiting of Lake Winnipiaeogee ... 406

Widow-flsh 1788

Wife, Old 940,1703

wilder i, Lampetra 13, 2745

Will, Black 1109

williamsi, Symphurus 2711

willlamsoni , Coregonus 463

clsmontauus 46v'<

Gasterostens 750

6a8tero8t«u8 micro-

ceplialaa 751

willoughbyi, Acrotus 073

Willow Cat 2788

willughheii, Canthiderniis 1707

Salmo 300

Trematopsia 1754

wilaoni, Cottua 1052

PaKc.

Wilton S!iieU 523

winchelli, llyliopHia 321

Wind-flsh 221

Window Paiii'H 2U50, 2660

Winninish 487

WinnipiHCOfii'c, Whiting 466

Winter Fh>uiidfrn 2046

Sucker 187

Wolf Eel 2448

Wolf.flah 505, 2445, 2447

woolmani, ParalichthyM 2628

WorniEelH 370

Wraaae-flshtH 1571

Wreckflah 1138,1130

wrigliti, Etiieostoma 1047

Wry-mouth 2442, 'J443

wurdemanni, UobiuH 2225

xnino<;ephnluH, Hybopais 280

Minnilua 280

Notropis 280

xasnnra, Cliola 280

Codoma 280

xtcnilTUH, Miniiihis 280

Notrojiirt 280

xaniurua, Catulus 24

Xauthichtliya 1708

cicatrieoaus 1700

niento 1700

ringens 1709

xanthocephaluH, Auieiurua 141

SiluruH 141

xanthogrammus, Tponeua 860

xanthomolas, A nguilla 348

xanthops, Odontoscion 1427

xantbopteron, lliuinulon 1307

xanthopterum, IIiiMuulon 1307

xanthupus, Ciitostomus 181

xanthopygus, Caranx 021

xanthosticta, Mycteroperca bonaci. 1176

xanthostignius, Cithariclithya 2680

xantbuhim, Cestreus 1411

xantliuliis, Cynoscion 1410

xantburuB, Homoprion 1434, 1450

Leiostonius 1458

Pomacentf us 1557

Rhombus 906,2849

Scitena 1450

Seacrinus 966

Sparua 1346

xanti, Labriaomua 2302, 2363

Khypticua 1231

Ilypticua 1231

Uinbrlna 1467, 1408

X.-nichtbys 1288

xautuai, Lepidopua 2844, 4843

3134

Index.

xuiiardia, Myctcrojuiroa 118(t

Xuiiarchi 780,785

xenachiiB, K|)ino))lii«liiH 1180

xeiiauchen, Calcichthys 2777

Xeiilclitli .villus 1244

Xenlcbthys 1287

agiiHsixii 1287

calit'oriiionsiH 1286

xaiitl 1288

xeiiops 1288

xeiiiirus 1015

xonicus, Fundiiliis 662

Xeiiimna 633,635,648

catenata 648

stellifer 648

xenisnin, Prionotus 2154

Xeni8tin8 1286

californieuHis 1286

Xenochlrus 2079

alascanus 2081

latifrons 2082

pentacanthuB 2080

triaoantbuB 2084

Xenocys • 1285

jessin) 1285

xeiiotlou, Calotomus 1626

Xenoiiii 620

Xenomystax 360

atrarius 361

xunops, Xenichthys 1288

xeiKipterus, CypsiluruB 2836

Xeiiopterygil 782,2326

xonostethus, Stemiaa 1927

Trifilops 19:7

XenotiB 999,1000,1002

atireoliiB 1003

ly throcliloris 1003

xenura, Kuhlia 1015

xeiiunis, Xenichthys 1015

XererpeB 2413

fucorum 2413

XesnruB 1694

olnrioiiis 1695

laticlavius 1695

punctatuB \mi 1695

XiphiaR 893

gladiiiB 894

imperator 892

makaira 891

rondeleti 894

XiphidiintB 2348

Xiphidion 2424

cruoreuat 2425

niucosuin 2425

rupestro 2426

nlvaj 2424

Page.

Xl])liiidiit 803

XipliiHter 2424

chiruB 2424

iiiucuBiini 2 125

riipestrio 2426

XiphistoH 2423

ohiruB 2424

iilvin 2423

XipkophoriiB 701

kiinaculatiis 678

gillii 692

gracilis 683

guntheri 702

hellori 701,702

Xnrel 909,928

dttlCaHtilia 987

xyosterna, Stellorina 2042

xyoHtnnius, BrachyopHis 2043

Xyrauckuii 184

cypho I8i

iincompa .gre 184

XyrichthyiiiH} 1575

Xyrichthya 1617

cultratus 1619

inflrmus 1616

jessiro 1613

Ilneatiis 1619

martiuicensis 1617

modestiiB 1619

niiindiceps 1618

novacala 1619

psittacus 1618, 1619

rosipes 1615

veutraliH ]6J6

venustna 1619

. vermiculatuB 1619

vitta 1617

xyris, SebaHtopsis 1835

Xyrula 1612

jesairt! 1612,1613

Xyatoima 1372

cinereiim 1372

Xyster 1384

xyster, Zapteryx 65

Xystes 2076

axinopbry 8 2076

XystopborUH 900

Xystreurys 2623

lioplepis 2623

xystrodon, Sparisoiiia 1630

Xystroperca 1169, 1170, 1181

Xystroplites 1006

gillii 1007

longimanna 1008

xystarns, Myricbthys 2802

Ophichtbys 2802

f-nl '

Index.

3i;i5

Page.

zj'aturuB, OphisuruH 376

PistxluiiophiH 376

yalei, Ostracion 1724

YanaglNoniaJ 1830

Yarrella 583

blnckfordi 584

yarrelli, AcipeiiHor 105

yarrow!, Agosia 309

y-i-a-ida, Giliichthya 2252

Quletula 2251,2252

Yellow-backe«l Rock dsU 1 822

Yellow Buss 1134

Belly 1001

Cat 139,143

Yellow-ttniied Grouper 1155,1172

Koiicndor 1467

Trout 497

Yellow Fish 1144

Goatflsh 859

Grouper 1183

Grunt 1303

Jack 919

Mackerel : 921

Perch 1023

Pike 1021

Sculpin 1934

Yellow-spotted Kocklish 1826

Yellowstone Trout 493

Yellow- tail 902, 906, 1275, 1433

Croaker 1467

Rockflsb 1781

y-grtDCum, Astroscopus 2307

Upsilonphorus 2308

UranoBcopus 2308

Yuriria 314,315,321

zacentruB, Sebasachthys 1815

zachirus, Glyptocephalus 2658

Zaclenius 1477,1478,1480

zadocki, Cylindrosteus Ill

Zalembius 1499

rosaceus 1500

Zalieutes 2738

elater 2738

Zalocys 2848

stilbo 2848

Zalopyr 1795,2680

Zalypnus 2246

cyclolepis 2246

euiblematicus 2247

Zanclurus 890

ZancluB 1687

• caneacens 1688

oentrognatbus 1688

comutus 1687,1688

Page.

zancluB, Dermatolepis 2854

zauderi, Argyrocuttiis 1095

zanemuB, CoraticlithyH 310

Zaniolepidinii' 2862

ZanioleplB 1876

fi'unatUB 1877

Latipiunis 1876

Zapaters 898

Zaphotias 2820

pi'duliutus 2826

Zaprora 2850

silmiurt 2850

Zaproridtc 2849

Zaptery X 64

exasperatus 64

xyster 65

zatropis, SiphoHtonm 772

zebra, Acantliurus 1691

Arbuciosa 2341

Asitruperca 1027

Chiutodon 1691

Fuiidulua ftil, 647

Gorros 1373

Gobiesox 2342

Gtbius 2226

Hydrarjiyra 647

Perciiia caprodes 1027

Pileouia 1028

Psychrolutes 2027

zebrinuB, Fuudulus 646

Zeidte 1659

Zuino) 1660

zelotes, Dactyloscopus 2303

Uennicaranx 2845

Zoniou 1661

hulolepis 1661

ZenopsiH 1660

ocellatus 1660

zenoptoruH, Exoccetns 738

Zeoidea 1959

zephyreus, Aatroacopus 2309

Pristis 8749

Zesticelus 1990

profundoniiu 1990

Zestidium 1439,1442

Zestis 1439,1440

zu8to(!aruH, Stellifer 1445

zestus, Nebris .• 1417

Zeus capillaris 936

ciliaris 932

crinitns 932

gallua 936

^eonietricus 936

guttatus 955

imperialis 955

luna 955

.!^!il,.s^ti>:■>^-;

3136

Index,

Page.

Zona niger 936

ocellatuB , 1061

()I>ali 055

qiiadratiis 1668

regiuB 055

rostratiis 936

m-tipinnis 934

Htriuuiii 955

vomer 936

Kftylouiciis, Leuciscua 415

Ziphotheca 887

tetradens 887

Zoarcea 2456

nnguillaria 2457

eluDgatus 2457

flmbriatus 2457

gronovii 2457

labroMua 2457

polaris 2460

/oarchidm 2455

Zonrohua 2456

zoarchue, Ly cwlea 2464

Zoarcidtu 2455

Zoarcioa: 2455

zonale, Etheostoma 1075

arcaiiaanuiu 1075

Nanoatoraa 1075

Konalis, Aatatichthys 1075

Pa'cilichtliya 1075

zonata, Seriola carolinenais 902

zoiiatum, Elaaaoma 982

zonatus, Alburnua 285

Cbmtodipterua 1668

Ephippua 1669

Eaox 639

Fundulua 657

Notropia 286

Scomber 902

Zygonectea 659

Zonicbthya 901,904

bosti 905

• coroiiatus 005

declivia 905

gigas 903

zoiiilor, Clinus 2359

Erilepia 1863

/.(.nil'er, Myriolepia 1863

Zygonectea 657

zoiii|iect«ia, Poniacaulbodea 1682

Poiuacunthua 1681

zonistiiia, Liixilua 285

Miniillua 286

Notropia 277,285

/onoj^obiua 2210

/.niiojie. Jordania 1884

Zoiioacion 1477.1478.1470

Page.

zonuruH, Malacocottua 1904

Zopheudum 308

auatrale 212

plumbeum 216

aiderium 314

zopherua, Potaraocottiis 1052

zophocbir, Ophiclithna 385

Ophichtbya 385

zostersB, Hippocampiia 778

zoaterura, Evermanuia 2256

zoaterurum, G obioaoma 2267

zuuiienaia, Leuciacua 227

ZygtBoa 43

lewini 45

malleua 45

aubarciiata 46

tiburo 44

tude« 44

zygscDa, Sphyrna 45

SqualuB 45

Zygobatia 90

Zygonectea 660,2828

atrilatua 682

auroguttatua 654,2820

brachypterus 632

chryaotua 666

cingulatua 665, 656

oraticnla —

diapar

eacarobia) ...
floripiiiuia...
funduloidea .
guttatna .

667

659

658

651

650

668

henahalli 653,2820

hieroglypbicuH 658

inuraa 682

jenkinai 652

lateralia 650

liueatiia 640

lineolatua 657

luciai 655

raacdonaldi 651

mannii 664

melanopa — 682

notatus 650

nottti 667

pulchelliia 659

pulvereua 652

rubrifroiia 664.2828

Hc'adicua 654

zonatuB 669

Zygonectea zonifer 667

Zygonectua 633,636

zyoptenia, Galeorhinua :. 32

Zypbothyca 883

< H )

■X

c

7)

J)

As..

A

■»>