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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illuatrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film* d partir de I angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 12 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ORTH a; COLLECTIOiXS 01 -On th« DiNtrihiition i Georgia, an«lTennos8, I). . ALEM a O V K H N I CONTRIBUTIONS ro ORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY T JIASED Pm.MAmi.Y ON TIIK COLLECTIONS OF TIIK UNliEl) STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. :■'*•■■,( ■ ■■:'. U V1 -Vt}?^''! ,■■!''■■ !- ,• • ■ ■ ■-••, *> ''■'K^'l J .1.'. '.-.',' , !• ' . • 1 ?,i '■•'li^'ii-V.-' •^■h: ■v'-W 1 si ■■••HI III. -Ou tho Distribution of tbo Fishes of tho Alleyliaiiy Region of fonfh Carolin*, Georgia, andTennessee, with Descriptions of New or LittU' Known Specios. UY nAVin S. JORDAN AND ALE M BERT W. BRAYTONT. 1 B. — A Synopsis of the Family Catostoinitlto. BY r>AVII) S. JORDAN. WASniNOTON: a O V K K N M K N r P 11 I N T I N O O F P I O K . 1878. Ia-Oii the flistiibntion < Geor<;ia, aiul T^ spi'cies List of streciiiis ox;im| Saiiteo Biisiii SavaDiiiih I3iisiii .. AUaiimhii Basin L'liattahoochee liasiu Alabama Basin Tcnnesseo Basin Cuiuberhiml Basin... Uccapitnlation Ta1)le Hliowiiif^ (h(» (lis Ulstribntion of jjenerii Conclusions -Synopsis of tlic famiiyl Catostoniinas Tycloptina^ I!iil)ali(lith.\inio .. [List of nominal species .. [Analysis of jjenera (liMius Qiiassilabia Qnassi! ibia laccra... (ienns Piacopbarynx .. riacopharyiix eadmil (icnus Myxostoina Myxostonni earpio. .. MyxoHtiiin .. Myxostoina tlialassiu Myxostoina vtiiitnin Myxostoina con;;ost ii MyxoHtonia pidiensu Myxostoina corefjonii Myxostonia papiliosi 'miiiis Minytreniu .... Minytruniu uielanopt TABLE OF CONTENTS. rago. I -On the (listriliiition of tlio fushes of the Alleghiviiy IJcj^ion of South Carolina, GL'or<;ia, aiitl Tomiessce, with de8ciii>tioi)s of uew or little kuown species 7 List of streiims oxiimiiKHl rt Saiiteo BaHJn 11 Savannah Basin 5i9 Aitaniaha Basin 'M Cliattahoochee Basin ;!9 Alabama Basin 44 Tennessee Basin 5(» Cumberland Basin 71 Kccnpitnlation 82 Tahle showinjr |h(i (list rilmt ion of species !S'2 Uistribntion of genera 88 t'oiiclnsions 1)1 |-Synoj)sis of the family C.itostoniidaj 1)7 t'atostominui Ol? Cycleptina^ 1)8 DiibalichthjiniD tl) iList of nominal species 100 ].\:iiilysiH of genera lOIS lienus Quiissilaliia 104 Qnassi! ihia laeera 10t» Ceil lis P!aco]»liai'ynx 107 l'laeopharyii\ carinatns lOMI (icmiH Myxostonia 110 Myxostonia earpio UH Myxostonia enryops Ill) Myxostonia niacrolepidotiim 120 Myxostuma anreoliiin 1*24 Mjxo.;toma crassilabre 12fi Myxostonia eoiiiis 12(> Myxostonia anisiira 12(> Myxostonia po'eilura 128 Myxostonia albidnni 12U Myxostonia ('('rviiuiiu 121> Myxostonia album 130 Myxostonia tlialassiuum ISI Myxostonia vchitriin 132 Myxostonia congestnm 13!^ Myxostonia jiidienso 133 Myxostonia enregoniis 134 Myxostonia papillosum 134 ''iiius Minytrenia '. l!tt» Miiiytrumu uieluno|>H 13H 6 '.-'^ ;' ■>■. *■» ^"■m >5i 1 >. ' :■• "iJ I- '. . ■:*! 1 ■ - - 1 ll " 1 1 ■1 1 * iiii.i. TABLE OF CO^^TENTa. Genus Erimyzon l^nj Erimyzoii sucetta lH [ Eriniyzon goodei 1 !■; (ten lis Cliiistnistes Ijlii ChnsiiiiHtes fccniulns I."ii| Cieiins Ciitostomiis Ki C.TtoHtomns iiigriciiiiK KVj I Ciitostomiis cliirki H;;,! CatostoQuiH iusignis Kyj Ciitostonius teres .. ]m Ciitnstoiiius inaerocliilnij 17l| Catostomiia occidental is Catostonins hibititiis K;l| (Jatostonins iira'opns 17;J Catostomustaboeusis (Jiitostonms rostratus 174 Calostoniiis lon^^iiostris lT,i Catostonins retic>|iiiinis Catostonins latipinnis Ca; ostonins discobolus ITlj Geiins Pantostens 1- Pantostens viresc(nis 1- Pantostensi)latyrhyncliiis 1« Pantostens geiierosns h Pantostens jileboins b (fonns Cycleptiis b Cycli'iitus eloiif^atns 1- (Jonns Carpiodcs ^ l;i Carpiodes diU'oi'inis rr. l:i Carpiode.s cntisanserinns '. lllj Carpioilfs vrilifev Carpiodes bison Carpio. Ilorse-leg Crsek, near Rome. (Rocky, clear.) Little Cedar Creek, at Cave Spring, Ga. (A flne, clear, cold stream. One of the best for the collection of flshes. Abounds in Xenisma stclliferum^ ITydrophlox chrosomus, Ctdoma callistia, and other beautiful species.) \-Alabama liiver, near Montgomery, Ala, (Collection of Dr. Bean and others, 187G.) -•^'^ . '..V ■._ 1 ',f •»/.►. •'■■'t „ ■ ' ■ « "♦ .v:,v ■■:;l • > Hi •fil ■ • ■ *i mm 1 ". 'fh 10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. VI.— TENNESSEE BASIN. A. — Upper Course. 1. Clinch River, tributaries in Southwestern Virginia. (Cope, 18G8.) 2. Powell's River, near Ouniberland (Jap. (Clear.) 3. Indian Creek, near Cumberland Gai). (C'lear.) 4. Station Creek, near (Cumberland Gap. (Clear.) 5. Holstoa River, various tributaries iu Southwestern Virginia. (Cope, 18CS.) G. French Broad River, at Newport, Teiiii. (Rather deep and muddy.) 7. French Broad River, about Warm Si»riiigs, N. C, Asheville, N. C, and elsewhere.) (Cope, 18G9.) (Rapid, rocky, and generally clear.) 8. Big Pigeon River, at Cliffton, Tenn. (Rather clear.) 9. Swaunanoa River, at foot of Black Mountain. (Clear, cold mount- ain stream, with trout.) B. — Lincer Course. 10. Chickamauga River, at Ringgold, Ga. (Rather clear and very rocky.) 11. Tributaries of Tennessee River, about Iluutsville, Ala. (Agassiz; Newman's collection, 1853.) 12. Tributaries of Tennessee River, about Florence, Ala. (Storer, 1845.) 13. Elk River and tributaries, at Estill Springs, Teni?. (Clear, rocky, and cold.) VII.— CUMBERLAND BASIN. 1. Round-Stone River, Rock Castle County, Kentucky. (Clear.) 2. Rock Castle River, Livingston, Ky. (Clear and rocky.) 3. Big Laurel River, Laurel County, Kentucky. ^(31ear.) 4. Cumberland River, about Pineville, Ky. (Clear, rocky.) 5. Yellow Creek, near (Cumberland Gap. (Rather muddy.) G. South Fork of Cumbeiland River, in Tennessee, (Cope, 18G9.) 7. Cumberland River and tributaries, near Nashville. (Winchell, 1S7C,) 8. Stone River, Murfreesboro', Tenn. (Clear and rocky.) It will be noticed that almost without exception the above mentioned localities are in the mountainous or upland i>art8 of the different water- basins. Of the fishes inhabiting distinctively the lowland courses of most of the streams, little is yet definitely known. The Santee, Sa pxiiinined only in i idiic rocks. The tl limestone regions. liiLs a certain iriflue ei'iilly limestone stn bottoms. Tlie types of the United States Nati( Butler University, I Thirty-nine specie; Saiitee River, thirty the Catawba River ii iu the Saluda and species, ten are no basin. These are: ^ khronus, Ceraticlitlii/s Photogcnis uiveiis, Al Mijx-.:stoma album. Great Pedee, Santee, remarkable, as that sj the east and the Ahi Minnesota and New I Tlie species most a is probably N^otroph las ami Ccratichthysbi) sectns to be the pre( ncns, and of the Cei ' fislies at Greenville, Iplafi/ccphalm), the ! Eel {Anfjiiilln vidgari ''^^^<^^i'' {Lcpiopomus riridis), the "Jack" ( ''I .V itoma cervinum). FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 11 The Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, and Chattahoochee have been examined only in that part of their course which Hows over metamor- j)liic rocks. The three western streams hrve been studied cbiefly in the limestone regions. The lithological character of tl:e bed of a stream has a certain influence on its fish-fauna, as will be seen hereafter. Gen- erally limestone streams are richer in species than those with granitic bottoms. Tiie types of the new species described below are deposited in the United States National Museum at Washington, and in the Museum of Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana. I.— SANTEE BASIIV. Thirty-nine species are ascertained to occur in the headwaters of the Santee River, thirty-three having been obtained by Professor Cope in tbe Catawba River in North Carolina, and thirty by the present writers iu the Saluda and Ennoree in South Carolina. Of these thirty nine species, ten are not as yet known irom any other )iydrographic basin. These are : Alvord'ms crasntis, Nothonohis thalassinns, Ccratkhthys hihronus, Ceratichthi/s zancmus, Codoina pyrrhomelas, Codoma chUmatia, Photogenis uiveus^ Alonruops chloroccjihaliis^ Albia'iwps saludamts, and M'jx'i'Stoma album. The apparent absence of LuxUm cornntus in the Great Pedee, Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, and Chattahoochee Basins is remarkable, as that species is abundant in the tributaries of the Neuse on the east and the Alabama on the west, as in all streams northward to Minnesota and New England. Tlie species most abundant as to individuals, in the Saluda at least, is i)robably N'otropis photogenis. Next to this come Codoma pyrrhome- /((.saiid Ccratkhthys biguttatus. Cf the Catostomida'., Myxostoma ccrvinum siM'ins to be the predominant species; of the Sihirldcc^ Aminnts brnn- neus. and of the Ccntrarchidw, Lepiopoinus auritus. The chief food- fishes at Greenville, S. C, are the "Mud Cats" {Amiunis brunncus and platyccphalns), the ''Fine-scaled Sucker" (Catostomits comnicrsoni), the Eel {Anguilla vulguris), the "S[»otted Sucker" {Mhiytremamehinops), the '"Perch" {Lepiopoinus auritus), the "War-mouth Perch" {Chwnobryttus midis), the "Jack" {Esox rcticulatus), and the "Jump Rocks" {Myxo- itoma cervinum). '.V'f'"<-.5'-..v' :}.; R-. .•^:^; :;■-.■.; < '1 ■v: «i| '.■■ > 12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOOY — III ^ 4 i ■ n 11,, i 4 y f i ETHEOSTOMATIDJi:. Genus ALVORDIUS Girard. 1. ALVORDIUS CRASSUS, sp. noV. Elheoatoma macnlatnm var. rori:, Proc. Am. PliiloR. Soc. 1870, 261, 262, and 449. (Xnt h'idropteritK manthUm Girard.) A species bearing considerable resemblauee to ^l. aspro^ but less distinctly marked and more lieavily built, the form being less graceliil tbun that of the other members of the genus. Body considerably coin- pressed, the depth 4.^ times in length to origin of caudal (as in all cases i:i this paper). Elead comparatively short, 3^ in length ; the snout medium, not acuminate as in A. phoxicephalus, nor especially obtuse. Eye moderate, as long as snout, 4 in head. Mouth rather small for l\n\ genus, nearly horizontal, the upper jaw but little the longer: upper jaw not i)r()jectile: maxillary reaching anterior margin of eye. Cheeks naked: opercles with a few scales above: back and breast naked: middle line of belly in so:ne specinjens naked: in others with enlarged plates. Scales ou the body rather larger thau usual, about 7-55-7. Fins moderately developed: dorsal Xll-I, 10, varying to XI-I, 11; an iticreaso in the number of the spines, as usual, accompanying ii decrease in the number of soft rays, a rule appivrently not hitherto uoticed, an«l perhaps not of general application- The two dorsal (ins are well separated, lue lirst being longer thau the second, but consider- ably lower. Anal lln shorter, but higher than second dorsal, II, 0; the two spiiios well developed. Cundal tin tieeply lunate, almost furcate. Pectorals and ventrals large, their tips about equal. Coloration rather j)laiii. General lMUM)livaceous ; the back marked with darker, as in the other species of the genus. Sides with <; series of dark olive, rounded l)lotclies, connected along tli(^ lateral line by h narrow, dark band ; ii dark streak forward, and one downward from tiic eye. First dorsal with a dark spot in front, and another on its last rays. Second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals barred with dark spots, Anal and ventrals uneolored. Length of longest specimens observed, .'{ inches. llnbitat. — Saluda, Knnoree. and IJeedy Rivers, in rapid water, espc cially abundant in the Saluda at Fan's Mills. Also recorded by Vo\\v from the (Catawba. v^ . ,,: Bok'osoma viaciilaticcpa R.)— JOiSDAN & 1<>;!. (Name on Arliiia maciilatiapa Joii Bokosoma olmstcdi Joui A single spe«imei closely to Proiessor bave, however, a few Although the type o gens and JS. maculati those spines is the sj B. ffulgcns, is a sync :ill weak and flexible all of the other gcuei long, and, with searct two. In the species i are uneiiual, the secoi not at all "spine"li feebk; condition of t cha.acter of lioleosotK Two of the species U. S. Nat. Mus. X) to nisJiu., have the anal These two species aiu i:eiin.s, difltring Irom I '"'"'« in the protraei I'locciitrn (Jordan) ha.-. |.'llu8iou to thedeveIo|i Goiiu 3. Not A handsome species [Ct'iniH in tlie entire nak IJody rather stout, |i"fssed belli ml, (he b».( ilii' snout rather blunt , FISHES OP THE SANTEE BASIN. 13 Genus BOLEOSOMA De/iTa^. 2. BOLEOSOMA. MACULATICEPS Cope. Bokoaoma maculaiictps Cope (1870), Proc. Aui. Pliilos. Soc. 261) and 4r>0. (Catawba B.)— Jordan & Copklani} (IciTG), Check List (Bull. ButTulo Soc. Nat. Hist.), ICl!. (Name only.) ArUna viaculaticipa Jokdan (1877), Bull. U. S. Nat. Muh. x, 15. (Name only.) Bokonomn olinstedi Jokdan (1877), Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. 368. (Ocinulyeo River.) A single sspecimeii taken in the Saluda River at Fan's Mills answers closely to Professor Cope's description. The upper part of the cheeks bare, ho\vever, a few scattering scales. This species is a true Bolcosoma. Although the type of Bolcosoma has but a single anal spine and B. cfful- (jens and B. maculatkeps have two aual si)ines, the essential ch.iracter of those spines is the saiue in both cases, and tl. .• genus Arliua, based on B. cffiiloots, is a synonym of Bolcosoma. In Bolcosoma, the spines are 'j]\ weak ami Uexible, and those of the anal especially so. In most or nil of the other gener.j, of Etheostomaiidcc, the aual spines are still' and long, and, with scarcely an e.xceptiou, the first spin-e is the longer of the two. In tlie species of BolcosomOj with ttro anal spines, the two .opines are unequal, the second the longer, both extremely slender and flexii)le: not at all "spine" like, except that they are not inarticulate. This feeblo condition of the spines seems to constitute the chief generic L'ha.acter of Bolcosoma. • Two of the si)ecie8 provisionally Referred by Professor Jordan (Bull. U. IS. Nat. Mna. x) to ^'■ArlvuV\ viz, Arlinn stiymcva Jor. and A. atripin' iiis Jo*., have the anal spines well developed, as u«ual in EthcoHtomatdcc. Tlicse two species and their congeners apparently constitute a distinct jn'iins, diflerinj'; Ik'om Diplcsium in the toothed vomer and from Nolho- mitus in the protractile upper jaw. For this genus, the name of I'hncutra (Jordan) has been suggested (Man. Vert. ed. I'd, p. '-2l\), iu .illusiuii to the developmenl of the spines. ':-m . fe3<*i •K.-- • •( ■ ■ ■ '.^' if ,■■' ■ ■■ ■ Mr "H. ill M 4 Goiius NO'riIONOTUS Afja^su. 3. NOTIIONOTUS TUALA8SINUS, «/). tlOV. A handsome species, dittering from the others uow referred to this Kcinis iu the entire luikedness of the head. Body rather stojjt, the depth about 5 times in the length, rom. |rp8.sed behind, the bt.ck somewhat arched. IJead large, 4 in length, pe snout rather blunt aiid convex in profile; a pretty decided angle ?*it ,'i^ll • mi'''?' ' s r^ i ■ ^.rf t.^ '!•.:•■:; 1 . *■ • i f 'r* ; I a :i !■ i 14 CONTRIBUnONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — HI. opposite the eye. Eyes large, liigli up, longer tlian the muzzle, 3i iu bead : iuterorbital space ratber narrow, tbe eye having some upward rauge. Mouth moderate, slightly oblique, the maxillary reaching to orbit. Upper jiiw slightly longer than tbe lower, not protractile. Head entirely naked, both cheeks and opercles being destitute of scales. Scales large, 5-4o-5. Belly scaled: tliroat naked: i;«'ck anteriorly naked, but scaly iu front of the dorsal : lateral line complete. Fins all large : D, X-I, 10, or lX-1, 11, the membrane of the first dor- sal continued to the base of the second: longest dorsal spine a little over half the length of the head, scarcely shorter than the soft rays; the base of the spinous dorsal a little longer than that of the soft dor sal. Anal IT, 8, rather smaller than second dorsal, the first spine longer and larger than the second. Caudal fin deeply lunate, almost forked. Pectoral and ventral fins hvrge; the foimer reaching nearly to the vent, the latter somewhat sliorter. Color, in spirits: Olive, closely mottled and tessellated above with dark green ; this color extending down the sides, forming six or eiglit irregular dark green bars. Head daik green ; a dark green line down- ward from eye and anotlier forward. Pins in males nearly plain, tli« 8j)in(uis dorsal with a black edge; females with all the fins except the ventrals closely barred or speckled with dark green. Two pale orange 8i)0t8 at the base of tbe caudal. Life-colors : The colors of a male specimen in lite are as follows : liody dark olive and blotched above: sides with nine dark bluegre<'n vertical bars, the five next tbe last most ilistincl, and reaching down nearly to the anal. Spinous dorsal reddish at base, then with a broad black band, the uppermost third being of a bright ferruginous orange-red: second dorsal blackish at base, reddish above: caudal with two oraii},a' blotches at base, black mesially, pale orange externally. Anal fin of a brilliant blue-green color at base, pale at tip. Pectorals barred, the middle of the fin grass green. Ventrals dusky mesially, with a green shade. Opercular region more or less grass-green : streaks about eye blacki.sh green. Length of largest specimens taken, 2A inches. Habitat. — Very abundant in all the streams seined, especially so in the rocky shoals of Ueedy Kiver iu the (iity of Greenville. This handsome little fish may be easily known from its congeners by the smooth head, and by the general greenness of its coloration, wliicb resembles somewhat that of (he species of DiplcMium. r FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 15 I Genus ETHEOSTOMA Itafinesque. 4. Etiieostoma flabkllahe Kaf. (Catonoins Jlabellatns Aiict.) Three specimens doubtfully relerreil to this species were obtained by Professer Cope iu the Catawba lliver. CENTRAUCHIDiE. Genus MlCllOPTEKUg Laccpklc. 5. MiCKOPTERUS PALLiDUS {Rafincsquc) Gill (C- Jordan. Professor Cope obtained this species in the Catawba. We collected none iu the Saluda or Eunoree, but we were told that " Trout", as the species of MkroiAerus are uuiverisally called in the South, are frequently taken there. Genus CHiENOBRYTTUS Gill. 0. ClliEXOBBYTTUS VIKIDIS {Ciiv. tfc Vah) Jordan. The War-mouth Perch occurs in abundance iu the Saluda, and appar- t'utly iu all the South Atlantic streams. Cope says that it is exceedingly common in all the streams of Eastern North Carolina, and that it is kuown as the lied eyed Bream on the Catawba. This species is very closjly related to C. gulosiis, diU'eriu},' chiefly in the color aud in the somewhat less robust form. It may be only a variety. Genus LEPIOPOMUS llajiuesqae. 7. Lkimopomuh AUUiTUS {Llnmcux) liaf. All mj specimens of this species from the Saluda have a dusky blotch [ or bar at the base of the soft dorsal, a feature of coloration not shown by 1 my Northern specimens. This is a widi'ly dittused species, and, like most jiacli, is quite variable. Genus EUPOMOTIS Gill dt Jordan. 8. EupOMOTiy AUREUS {Walbaum) QUI A- Jordan. Professor Cope obtained this species in Catawba Uiver. We have I never collected it in the Southeru States. It is probably chicily con- liiii'd to the lowland regions. " • ' ' ".' ...'■ M ■ ■ . ,( -■' ■ t '' ■■ '*1 in!! ii ■ S''; ,/ lil . il ■'■ ■ . )':;. jl;:' 1 \ ;; ■ ■5 '•' I 1 !. ^ ir- 13^ 16 CONTRIBUTIOJfS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — TIL esocidj:. Genus ESOX Linnoius. 9. Esox RETICULATUS Le Sueur. Very coininon. Wo are unable to distitiguisb the Southern form [pUaleratm Say, ajjinin Ilolbrook) as even varietally distinct from the Northern reticulattis. 10. Esox RAVENELI EolbrooJc. Obtained by Professor Cope in the Catawba. Its specific distinction from E. amerkanus Gnielin appears questionable. SALMONID^. , Genus SALVELINUS Richardson. 11. Salvehnus fojjtinalis (il/*7t7<<7/) Gill & Jordan. This species was fountl by Professor Cope in the headwaters of tbe Catawba Kiver. CYPRINID^E. Genus CAMPOSTOMA Agassiz. 12. CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM {Rnf.) Aff. Subsp('(!ie8 ■proUxum (Storer) Jor. A. few specimens from Saluda Itiver. Also in the Catawba (Cope). Genus IIYnOGNATITlIS Agaf^sh. 13. IlYBOGNATUUa AIJOVUITIS (Ururd. A few specimens wi-re obtained in Saluda Itiver, not distinguisliabl^ from others from Ohio Kiver and others (types of 11. osmerinuN ('o|i('j from New Jersey. Professor Cope found it abuu'l>e. and s "f'"«'S- «)ricated, deeper than long: teeth 1, 4-4, l,raoro or less crenate (rarely one-rowed?): dorsal fin behind ventrals, always with a black spot on the last rays behind : males in spring tuberculate, the lower fins and tlic tips of the vertical fins filled with satin-white pigment in 8i)iinn: mouth terminal, the upper jaw longest : size medium ; type /*. spilopterus Cope = Cyprinella anahstana), \ analoHtanus Girard. w«'c«# Cope. galacturuH Cope. tr/« Cope (?). leucopm J. & B. C. — Hydrophlox Jordan. (Scales less closely imbricated, somewhat deeper than long; teeth usually 2, 4-4, 2, often more or less crenate: dorsal lin distinctly behind ventrals, unspotted : breed- ing dress peculiar, the maes almost always red : mouth terminal, oblique, (, small; tyj rosens J( rvbricroi lutipinni chiliticm chalyhccm -D.— Alburnops 4-4, or 1, 4 sexes alike size small; microstom volucellus I spectruncui procne Cop fftramineus tuditanus C missuriensi scylla Cope. E.— Hudsonius Oh 4-4, 1 or 2, tl in advance o ferior: bod\ medium; type mludanus J hudsonius C We have substitut nybopsis, as we thin Ceraficht/iys. 15. Alhui nnhopHis chloroaphalua C( This beautiful littlt. Saluda. It resembU «^itli smaller mouth. JC) in number. The "iiilo specimens are , fepion. I'rofessor Co olthe tiibutariesof tl I' Ii 'ill » ii' 1 :m- FISHES OP THE SANTEE BASIN. 19 oblique, (lie ui)^)er jaw usually slightly the longer : size vct} small ; type Bybopsis ruhricrocers Cope.) roseus Jordan. chrosomus Jor. rubricroccus Cope. xanocephalns Jor. "^ lutipinnis J. & B. chilittcris Cope. chalyhccxis Cope. plumbeolus Cope. bivittatus Cope. lacertosus Cope. D. — Alburnops Girard. (Scales ratber loosely imbricated: teeth 4-4, or 1,4-4, 1: dorsal flu inserted over veiitrals, unspotted: sexes alike: mouth more or less interior, horizontal or oblique: size small j type Alburnops hlennius Grd.) microstomus Kaf. timpanogenm Cope. volucellua Coi)e. cidoroccphalus Cope. spectrunculiis Cope. fntcnds Cope. procne Coi)e. ' nubilits Forbes. stramincus (!)ope. blennius Grd. tuditantis Cope (!). shumardi Grd. missuriensis Cope. illecebroans Grd. scylla Cope. E. — HuDSONius Oirard. (Scales thin and loosely imbricated: teeth 1, 4-4, 1 or 2, the grinding surface often distorted: dorsal inserted in advance of ventrals: colors silvery : sexes alike: mouth in- ferior : body elongate, the head comparatively short : size medium ; type Clupea htidsonia Clinton.) saludanus J. & B. amarus Girard. hudsonius Clinton. atorerianus Kirtlandr We have substituted the name Albxirnops Grd. for the earlier name nijbopsiH, as we think that the latter genus was founded on a species of CeratichtJn/s. 15. Alburnops rnLOBocEPHALUS (Cope) J. (£• B. Ilijhopiiis chloroofphalus Cope (1H70), Proc. Am. PhiloB. Soc. 401. This beautiful little fish is abundant in the clear rapid waters of the Suliula. It resembles II. rxdmcroaus, but is smaller and stouter-bodied, Willi smaller mouth. The scales in front of the dorsal are fewer (about 10) in number. The teeth are 1, 4-4, 1 (2, 4-4, 2, in rubricroceuH). The male specimens are profusely tuberculato on the snout and ante-dorsal region. Professor Cope found this species abundant in the clear waters of the tributaries of the Catawba. ' ■'■'■' ' i?l >• ' Kill ,.nl iXh- I' 1 if"! m i ;•'! i:U 20 CONTRIliUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Genus PHOTOGENIS (fope. 16. PiioTOGENis NiVEUS {Cope) J. & B. Hyhopsis niveuH Copk (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 461. A very pale specie.^, related to Photogenis analostanus and P. galactnrns^ rather tban to the species of ^^ Rybopsis'\ to which genus Professor Cojo referred it. My specimens are all very white, with a narrow bluish stripe along the caudal peduncle, which sometimes forms a faint spot at base of 'jaudal. lumalespecipjens, the snout and ante-dorsal region are covered with small tubercles. lu males, the dorsal fin is considerably elevated. In color, the dorsal fin is largely dusky on the last rays, tlie most of the fin somewhat creamy-tinted. The tip of the dorsal fin and the tips of the caudal are filled with milk-white pigment, as in the rehited species. The anal fin is entirely milky. The teeth are 1, 4-4, J, provided with n narrow masticatory surface. Photogenis niveus is abundant in the Saluda River. It was first dis- covered by Proiessor Cope in the Catawba Kiver. 37. PUOTOGENIS ANALOSTANUS (Oirard) Jordan. We did not flnu this species in the Saluda, although Professor Copo states that it is abundant in the Catawba. It is perhaps possible that Professor Cope mistook our Codoma chloristia, a species which resem- bles it very nnich, except in dentition, for the true analostanus. The ^'Cyprinella analostana^' has been a stumbling-block in the classification of these fishes, as to the masticatory surface of Luxihts it adds the ere nations of Cyprinella. We are inclined to think that Cyprinella should be restricted to those species whose teeth are without grinding surfaces and are permanently crenate. The relations of Luxilus analostanns^ spiloptenis, galactiirus, lc\tcopus, and nireus are much more intimately with the species of Codoma than with Luxihts, but the development of grind- ing surfaoAison the teeth renders it necessary to refer them to the latter genus, unless Photogenis be adniitted as a distinct genus. Genus CODOSIA Girard. (Subgenus EROGALA Jordan.) Phofogmis Jordan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat., Hist. N. Y. 335. (Not of Cope, whose type, /'. spilopterns, proves to be a species closely related to L. analostanus, if not identical with it.) Examination of a large number of specimens supposed to bo Photogenis spiloptcruSf from Saint Joseph's River, in Northern Indiana, Professor Cope's original I the genus Photoi which Professor, togenis (Jordan) I suggested (,;/,, sp iiient with which Codoma Grd. d short, blunt, and ; the two are distin genus of Codoma. The type of ^ro is remarkable for i far known belong river-basins probal single species, so f basins. The distribution ( Ss Sa Al Ch Fli Ah Farther west their 8 'rrated teeth, and fa togenis, having teeth The species of Codi most of them being a pigment. The black -■■"-■-V-,- -'■■ 18. Body short and ksemblingthatofC'.i being 3^ to 4 in length FISHES OP THE SANTEE BASIN. 21 Cope's original locality, has convinced as that the spilopterus, the type of the genus Photogenis, does not belong to the group of colored species for which Professor Jordan lately adopted the latter name. The genus Pho- togenis (Jordan) being thus left without a name, that of Erogala has been suggested (/7/), spring-time ; ydka^ milk, in allusion to the milk-white pig- ment with which the male fishes are ornamented in the nuptial season)- Codoma Grd. differs from Erogala in the form of the head, which is short, blunt, and rounded, as in Pimephales. Wo do not now think that the two are distinct as genera, and prefer to consider Erogala as a sub- genus of Codoma. The type of Erogala is Photogenis stigmaturus Jordan. This subgenus is remarkable for its geographical distribution. All of the species thus far known belong to the Southern States, and each of the Southeru river- basins probably has from two to four species of the genus; not a single species, so far as known, being common to two different river- basins. The distribution of the species of Erogala is as follows : — Santee Basin : pyrrhomclas Cope. chloristia J. & B. Savannah Basin: none known. Altamaha Basin : xa;nura Jor. callisema Jor. Chatt hoochee Basin : eurystoina Jor. Flint Kiver : formosa Putn. Alabama Basiu : oa/{{«fm Jor. trichroistia J. & O. coerulea Jor. stigmatura Jor. Farther west their place is taken by the species of Cyprinella having serrated teeth, and farther north by the species of Luxilus, section Pho- togenis, having teeth with developed grinding surfaces. The species of Codoma are remarkable f* their exquisite coloration, most of them being adorned with bright red in addition to the milky pigment. The black dorsal spot is present in all the species. ■ 5- 18. Codoma CDLomsTiA, sp. no©. ---..--::- — Body short and deep, strongly compressed, the form elliptical, Iresembling that of C.pyrrhomelas, but rather deeper, the depth of adults [being ^% to 4 in length. Head rather small and pointed, 4^ in length. 2'" 'i:^V'< V."- -'■ ^-^tii m ?»i^.v.... :vifV ■f • I .* WM l^:-' ^m ;>.» t ' . ■.■■<, i . H ■.'■.' ^ v ■ ' *%: '(■!'■•. . ,trv '11 UHsfTt,^ ''In ». ■•' '■■'A' I 1 ■ '■'■ , • /t ^ ,;?^' :i i, ■ /:;;:_,. i -' ■■'<: . ' ■-•■a ■1 'ii,' • ".«|i!i«?,i'«'».; Jrl'' ' ' :' >' ill- :'l! ^' 1 i I Hi' i h^ ;.- Hi m-m W.:t I ^|. vjl I' tit™ ■ ■ 22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. Eyo moderate, less thau snout, 4 iii head. Mouth rather small, quito oblique, the maxillary not attaining the line of the orbit, the upper Jaw- projecting beyond the lower, especially in spring males. The head and mouth considerably resemble those parts in P. analostanus. Scales much deeper than long, very closely and smoothly imbricated, more or less dark-edged above. 5-37-3. Lateral line decurved. Fins moderately developed : dorsal distinctly behind veutrals, its first ray about midway between nostrils and the base of the caudal. Dorsal 1, 8. Anal 1, 8. Nuptial tubercles in the male greatly developed, covering rather sparsely the top of the head and the region anterior to the dorsal. In addition, similar tubercles cover the caudal peduncle and the whole sides of the body, except the space below the lateral line and in front of the veutrals. The tubercles on the body are considerably smaller than those ou the head, and smaller than in xccnura or pyrrhomelas, but they cover a much larger area than in any of the latter species of the genus. Chin tuberculate. Teeth 1, 4-4, 1, entire, without masticatory surface. Coloration, in life : General color a dark steel-blue, a very distinct blue stripe along each side of the caudal peduncle, as'in C. coerulea, but fainter: sides of body with fine steely-purple lustre: back clear green: head clear brownish : iris white: cheeks of a pale violet color: lower part of sides becoming rather abruptly milky-white: dorsal fin witli the usual large black spot ou the last rays well developed, and the usual milk-white pigment iu the tips : lower part of the dorsal fin with l)igment of a tine clear green color, somewhat as in analostanus, but unus"ally bright: caudal fin chiefly duskj, its tips milky and the base somewhat so ; the middle of the fin has a slight reddish tinge : anal fin entirely milkj', a faint dusky spot on its last rays, resembling that on the dorsal : ventral fins milky. Female and young specimens are more slender, and the bright colors are usually wanting or obsqured. Size small ; length of largest specimens less than three inches. In form, this species resembles G. pyrrhomdas, but the short anal (eight rays instead of ten) will always distinguish the species. The coloration of the male is different, being much less brilliant, although l>erhaps more delicate. C. ehloristia resembles in color C. ccerulea most, but the latter species hns a much i iore slender form. Habitat. — Abundant iu the clear waters of Saluda River, with C. pyrrhomelas, Photc some species. 19 Phologenis pyrrhomelaa This species, the liant of Cyprinidce, the Saluda and its steel-blue above, w white. The head i the iris above and has a large black s[ white at tip. The cofnes a dusky cresc black and extends i pale. • The top of the hei with small pale tub vided with rather la scales. This is the most ah lug to Professor Cop G( L'O. N Squalius j)Jtofogeni8 Coi'k , I'hotogetiia Iciicopg Copn (: My specimens diffe eies, but correspond tiiwba. It is the mo! >!i more sluggish tri I different sexes, occui [ other darker, with th gate. It is difficult I (Cope). The pale for I small pointed tubercl PISHES OP THE SANTEE BASIN. 23 pyrrhomelas, Photogenis niveus, Alburnops chlorocephalus, and other baud- some species. 19. CODOMA PYRRHOMELAS {Cope) Jor. Photogenia pyrrhomelas Copk (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 463. This species, the most ornate of the genus, and one of the most bril- liant of Cyprinidce, in extremely abundant in the clear rapid waters of the Saluda and its tributaries. The general color of the males is dark steel-blue above, with the scales darker-edged, the btlly abruptly milky- nhite. The head is pale reddish ; the snout, the tip of lower ja«v, and the ids above and below are scarlet; the dorsal fin is dusky at base, has a large black spot on the last rays, is red in front, and broadly milk- white at tip. The tips of the caudal fin are milk-white ; next to this cotoes a dusky crescent; a wide bright scarlet crescent lies iuside of the black and extends into the two lobes of the tin. The base of the tin is pale. • The top of the head and the region in front of the dorsal are covered with small pale tubercles. The sides of the caudal peduncle are pro- vided with rather larger tubercles, ar-auged in rows along the series of scales. This is the most abundant fish in the waters of Catawba River, accord- lug to Professor Cope. Genus NOTROPIS Bafinesque. (il/tnni/«s Kafiuesque; Alhurndlus GivavA.) 20. NoTROPis riiOTOGE>'is {Cope) Jordan. Squalius phofogenis Cope (18G4) Proc. Ac, Nat. Sc. 280. Pliotogenia Iviicopa Corn (ISGti), Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 379, and elsewhere. My specimens differ considerably from the typical forms of this spe- cies, but correspond to Professor Cope's " var. a a a a a^^ from the Ca- tawba. It is the most abundant species in the Saluda waters, especially i;i more sluggish tributaries. Two forms, perhaps varieties, perhaps different sexes, occur, the one pale, with deep, compressed body ; tlie other darkei', with the scales dark-edged and the body much more elon- gate. It is difficult to distinguish the latter form from N. ielescopua (Uope). The pale form has the head above and under jaw covered with small pointed tubercles. . ., . , / *tiij iiit :i;^ ^i ■ yM '".'it's ^vy ■*\, :e'-''M' < . >• **i ' 41 " J •* i. !* 'I'll m fit.. - V .V ul t,v.- r . t 24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — HI. Genus GILA Baird d ixirard. (Subgenus CLINOSTOMUS Girard.) 21. Gila vandoisula {Cuv. t& Val.) Jor. Leitcisoua vandoisuUiit C. & V. (1844), HiHt. Nat. Poiss. xvii, 317. Cliiiostomun affiiiisGiKAitv (185()), Proc. Ac. Nut. Sc. 212. This species is coinmou in the Saluda waters, as in the Catawba, Yadkin, and other Southern streams. It seems to prefer still, or even muddy waters, as we fouud it more abundant in the Reedy River than in either Saluda or Enuoree. Our specimens were greenish or bluish in color, the back mottled with scales of a dittereut hue, as usual in this genus. In the males, the region behind the head and above the pec- torals and extending backward to the anal are of a bright rosy-red, brightest just behind the head. There is no distinct dark lateral band. None of our specimens were noticed to be tuberculate. The characters distinguishing this species from the more northerly Gila [Clinostomm) funduloidcs have been well given by Prpfessor Cope (Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18G8, 228). Genus NOTEMIGONUS Bafmesque. 22. NoTEMlGONUS AMERICANUS {Linn.) Jordan. Notemigonua iacha,..i8 Jordan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. p. 364. This IS the true Cyprimis americanus of Linnaeus, as has been else- where shown. We obtained but a single specimen in the Reedy River. Professor Cope fouud it abundant in the sluggish waters of the Catawba. The long anal, more compressed body, larger eye, and j)eculiar breeding -olors distinguish this species from the Northern and Western N. chrysoleucua. Genus CERATICHTHYS Baird. 23. Cekatichthys zanemus, sp. nov. '. A small, peculiar species, allied to C. labrosus (Cope), but apparently differing in the longer barbel, smaller scales, and in the coloration. Body long and slender, not much compressed, the depth about 4 J (o.il in young) in length. Head rather long, narrow, and pointed, 4:^ iuj length, very slender in young specimens, stouter in adults : snout de- curved in profile, with an angle in front of the liostrils. Eye moderate,! rather shorter than about 3^ in head. Month rather lai upper jaw extremel fringe of i)apilla3. Barbels extremely Cyprinoidsj their le Scales moderate, ] of dorsal. Lateral 1 Fins rather small, liehiu^ '! , ' ii 1 ' i I 26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGy — III. 2G. CERATICHXnYS BIGUTTATUS {Kirt) Balrd. The common Uorned Cmb is very abuDilant in all the tributaries of the Saluda. Genus SEMOTILUS Bafinesque. * 27. Semotilus C0RP0RALI3 {Mit.) Pntn. This common species occurs in the tributaries of the Saluda. CATOSTOMTDJ]. Genus MYXOSTOMA llaji)>csque. {Moxostoma and Tereiulus Raf. ; Ptijchontovius Ag.) 28. Myxostoma cervinum Cope. Teretulua oerviinia Copn (1808), Jonru. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliila. ti'ia. PtychoHtomm eervinus CoPK (1H70), Proo. Am. PhiluH. 8oc. 478. This little Sucker is exceedingly abundant in the Saluda, Reedy, and | EuTioree. It abounds in rapids and rocky shoals, and is popularly known | as "Jump rocks", from its habit of leapiug I'rom the water. It is not imuli j valued, except by negroes, small boys, and naturalists. The black outer j margin of the dorsal is a characteristic color-mark. 29. Myxostoma papillosum [Cope) Jor. r:i/cho8tomuii papUlosHs CovR (1870), Proc. Am. Pliilos. Soc. 470. A few specimens of this j)ecnliiir species wero taken in Saluda lMvor.| Professor Coi)e found it abundant in the Catawba and Yadkin Rivers. 30. Myxostoma velatuji (Cope) Jordan. rhjChontomuH eoUnpmii CoPK (lH70), Proc. Am. PliiloH. S'»o. 471. We obtained no spccimcn.s of liii.s wiilcly difFu.sed species in any c] the Southern rivers. J'roleMscu- Ctipe foui:d it in the Neuse, Yadkiiij aud (Jatawbii. 31. MVXOSTOMA rOREflOMTS {Cnpe) J. & B. PiychottomiiK corf^oHiM Coi'K (IH70), Proc. Am. Pliil. Soc. 478. The "Blue Mullet" was found very abundant in the Uatawba \\\\\ Yidkin Rivers. We did not take it in the Saluda. 32. A Plychostomua albus Copk ( Tlie species— the " I the Catawba River or irLich is perhaps diu [dnriug the season of j Ge (Ji 33. Er Vwri'iua sucelta LActpkm.. j'J'F"'"* oblongua Mitchill. This species is moder It'ope fou.id neither this Genu 34. Mm Ymtomua ihdanopa Rafi.\k8(, pmtomn victoria; GiiMia). nnyzon mdanopa Johdan. This widely diffused sji "liKia River, and is kno «lui'(I as a food.fls:j. AL the Ennoree, the \n yWy ilrawn oft' the wat •«iimine its tLshes. Ot, J'.v melanopH Irom (he O Genus ( 35. Ca'ios'i riM' Fi fie scaled Sucker >atn east of the Rc-ky ni • . PISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 27 32. Myxostoma album {Cope) J. & B. ychnstomiiit albus Copic (1870), Proo. Am. Pbil. Soc. 472. The species — the " White Mullet" — was fuund by Professor Cope in e Catawha River only. We obtaineti no specimens from the Saluda, liicU is perhaps due to the fact that our collections were not made iriug the season of the migrations. . ,:.':.■ ;t.a,|i, .■«{■.■ ■ V ■' ~.'a ■■■■ '■:**-■'■•■■■■ ■ ■.^ ■..■tt •■•■ ■■■■'•'.'.>' • "im '• ■ ',■,'■'•? ,•*. . . Tj m Genus ERIMYZON Jordan (iljxostoma Agassiz, but not of Ruf.) 3i. Ebimyzon suoetta (Lac.) Jordan. iprinua suoetta LAc6pfeDE, iprinus oblongua MircHlLL. This species is moderately abundant in the Saluda River. Professor jpe fou:.d neither this species, nor the next, in the Catawba. Genus MINYTREMA Jordan. 34. MlNYTKEMA MELANOPS {Raf.)Jor. iDflomiifi luelanops Rafinrsquk, Kirtland, etc. mutomii Victoria; GlKAitD. mfiiOH mdanopH Jokuan. rilis widely dift'nsed species is abundant in the mill-powls, etc., of the iidiv River, and is known as the Striped Sucker. It is considerably iii'd as afood-flsb. Many specimens were taken at BaniMster's Mills, tho Ennoree, the proprietor of the mill, Mr. Bannister, having [dly drawn oft" tho water from his i)()nd, in order to enauie ua better xamine its fishes. Our specimens seem to be precisely like the ordi- [)• melanopH from the Ohio River and the (iieat Lakes. Genus CATOSn'OMUS Lc Stwur. 35. CaioSTOmus commersoni {Lac.) .lor. |i(^ Fine-scaled Sucker is common in the Saluda, as in nearly every km east of the Rocky Mouutains. It is especially abundant in mill- .■.>»' ■ ,:_ *'. ..: Hi S I"~" - * i 1 h' t^ iff' ti- ■ I' 28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. SILUiaD^. Grenus AMIURUS Rafinesque. ,:i '" FISH Gen 38. NoTUR 36. AMIURUS BRUNNEUS Jordan. Genu 39. A ThecommoiiEelisabi Ibtis far e xplored. ptiinia marginatna Baikd. This .si)e(3ie.s is abnu(i Amiuru8 plati/crphalua Cope (lf:r70), Proc. Am. Pbiloa. Soc. 485. (Not Pimdodua i>(o/j/Mlbly OCCUry iu ull the A cephalaa Grd.) Amiurua bruuneua Johdan (1870), Anu. Lye. Nat. Hist. 3G6. This is the cominou cat-flsh of the Salmla, and is knowu as the iMmi Cat. Adult specimens reach a length of about 18 inches, and bear littl resemblance to the young, from which the species was first desoribeil The adults are extremely elongate, nearly terete behind, witli Uai, tliim broad heads. In color, they are of a more or less clear yellowish green] more distinctly green than is any other ci)ecies. The name '•'• hrunnenft\ only applies well to the young. The species may be known from tli| related A. platycephalun by the more elongate form, the shorter aual lii (IG to 18 rays instead of 20), and by the mouth, which is soinewiia inferior, the lower jaw being much the shorter, while iu A. platycephalu the jaws are equal. The color is also diUerent in the two species. platyccpkalm is yellowish, dark above, and more or less marbled on tli sides with darker, resembling, iu that respect, A. marmoratus. In .{ hrunneus, the caudal fin is usually unequal, the upper lobe beiii;,' tl longer, and the rudimentary caudal rays are unusually nnnuTous. spec! wen nearly a foot long had the alimentary canal four times tlj length of the body, and tilled with Podostonon ceratophyUuin. Tl stomach contained eight adult males of Codomu pi/rrhomelas. As Professor Cope counted 17 anal rays in his '"■ p}utyt'ci»lu\lun'\ it likely that he had th's 8j)ecies instead of (Jirard's, which has pretty in formly L'O or lit rays. Both Amiurut> brunncus aud plat iiapha Iks ,\ valued as food. ISi 37. Amiukus platycepiialus (Oirard) Gill. rimfloduH plalycrptalHn OiKAin) (IWJ), Proc. A.. Nat. 8ci. Philn. IGO. Many specimens of this species were taken in Bannister's mill poii on the Ennoree. The llshermen confound it with the preceding uiii] the name of Mn«i Cat, but the species may be readily distinguislied the characters given above. A "Blue Cat"' is said to occur iu the Saluda, but we obtained] specltueLs. J Genus J 40. Le I This fish iasaid tooocu II WATER Fifteen sijecies are ti ivannah. Of these, tw ited States National lassiz, the others from o Creek. None of the H'ommon Cyprhmlw i er species of general iliern streams, soining the Tugaloo iMnanifest: first, the ((raiid Kthtmtomatidw Npecies present, and t • Although the islanc «"^t exei'IIent seining-g *"• A single draw of "1 .yield more species i jliigaloo in u whole daj ar M i '- PISHES OF THE SAVANNAH BASIN. ' Genus NOTURUS Bafincsque. 38. NoTUBUS INSIGNIS {Eich(irdson) QUI & Jor. \m» marginatiia Baikd. his s[)e(3ie.s is abundiint in the rock-pools of R«>e(1y River. It prob- y occurs iu ail tlje Atlantic streams as far nortb as Pennsylvania. ANGUILLID^. Genus ANGUILLA Tlmnherg. 39. ANGUILLA VULGARIS Fleming. ;he common Eel is abundant in all tLe streams of the Sontliern States 18 far explored. LEPIDOSTEIDiE. Genus I-EPIDOSTEUS Lavepl'de. 40. Lepidosteus osseus (L.) Ag. his fish is said to occur in the Saluda, but wv obtained no specimens. II.— WATER-BASIN OF TUE SAVANNAH RIVER. iftoen species are ascertained to occur in the water-basin of the imnah. Of these, two sp.tcies are recorded from specimens in tho litnl States National Slusenm; one on tho authority of Professor jassiz, the others from our collections in the Tngaioo River and in Too- Creek. None of these species are peculiar to tiit, Savannah liasin. loinmon Cyprinidw an't all of Tennessee River types; the others are itr species of general distribution, or else are shared with other Itliern streams. |i seining tho Tugaloo River, two rather unexpected features were Ic manifest: ttrst, the very small number of snnill llshes, botii Cypri- and EthcoHtomatidw inhabiting tho river. There seem to be very litpt'cies present, and these few are represented by very few individ- Although the islands below the mouth of Panther Creek fctnisli [Nt excellent seining-gronml, yet our llshing was a seiies of "water- Is". A single draw of the seine in the Saluda or t!:i' Etowah would |i .yield more species and more iinlivitluals tlian were secured iu iigalou in u whole day. .<1^. i- .'■ •* •'^%-i ' ' • "iv •'. i- 's>»1 '^ * ■■T ^,^r■: * . I > ,, 4 ■■I .1 ■1 1 -1 i m 'M J i n tJ '1 n u J' 'it * ''M 4 ' . 't .■ ' ■,-I M 1 V .' 30 CON'luIBUTIONS TO NOETH AMERICAN ICHTHYOI^OGY — III. PISHi:; I marked by pretty reg jfries of scales. The lo ek, yellow, aud white [oaiigspecimensof thoIS hot noticeable in the S Tbis species is ubundai known us the '• Trout ' The second peculiarity of the Tugaloo fauna is that its charact(Misti| fishes are all of types abundant iu the Tennessee River, but not iiiowj from any other of the Atlantic streams. Of these may be mentioDe Photogcnis galactiiriis, Luxilns coccogenis, Hj/dropMox nibricrocevs, auj Cntostomus nigricans. The close proximity of the sources of tlie Tiifralo and the Little Tennossee, War Woman CiceU and Little Tennessee lliv* rising on opposite sides of Rabun Gap, and of the Tallulah aud tli Hiawassee, may perhaps help to explain this anomaly of distribution. j_ Gen 3. Xenotis Si inDAX (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. lA single specimen of tl L Aup^'sta, G,' , It is l"Uoneu in the paper al A single lai-ge specimen was taken in Toccoa Creek, near TocciB'*^'^'^'' ^gassiz gave the ETHEOSTOMATIDiE. Genus IIADROPTERUS Agassiz. I. Dadroptertts NIGROFASCIATUS -4n FISHES OP THE SAVANNAH BASIN. 31 rked by pretty regular lines of dark olive green spots f'.ong the i of scales. The lower fins are usually more or less red, and the , yellow, and white coloration of the caudal flu, so conspicuous in ;j specimens of the Northern I'orm — in the Western States, at least — i noticeable in the Southern variety. is species is abundant in the tributaries of the Savannah, where it )wn as the '• Trout ". Genus XENOTIS Jordan. 3. Xenotis sanguinolentus {Agassiz) Jordan. X (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 318. single si>eciiueu of this beautiful fish is in the Natitnal Museum Aup"'8ta, G; . It is idcuiical with n?y specimens from the Etowah, ioneu in the paper above cited, but it is possibly not the species licli Agassiz gave the name of sanguinolentus. The species of the i Xenotis are extremely. ditficult either to define or to recognize. H If' >'^ . '•'P'' S.v < . 1 K • CYPRINODONTIDJE. Genus ZYGONECTES Agassi;^. 4. ZYGONECTES NOTTii Agassiz. ^^Zygonectes guttatus^^ is record ed by Professor Agassiz from tho luah near Augusta. Professo/ Putnam informs n)e, from the ex- ition of the type-specimens, that the species is identical with Z. Ag. S/VLMOXID/E. Genus SALVELINUS Richardson. 6. SALVELINUS FONTINALIS {Mitch.) Gill & Jor. common Brook Trout is very abundant in the dear tributaries of latuga and Toxaway Rivers, at the foot of the IJlue llidge. This S near the soutjjern limit of the species, although it is said to occur tain tributaries of the Upper Chattahoochee, farther west. CYPIUNID^. GenuH LUXILUS Ilafinesqiie. _ C. LUXILUB COCCOGENIS (Cop^) Jorf/flM. J beautiful species is common in the Tugaloo. Tho numerous uens were all pale, and showed only truces of the distinctive led ags. ■i. ' =-'. . ' ■■f \ 1 . '1 ' ir.i 1 I He.. r » > ; !'' 1. J! I i 1, 32 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Genus PHOTOGENIS Crti?e. 7. PlIOTOGENIS GALACTURUS {Cope) J. & B. Hypgilepis galacturus Cope (1870), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 160 The most abundant fish iu the Tugaloo. Our specimens were vorj l)ale and dull colored, but they are not otherwise different from specj mens of P. (jalacturus from the Tennessee and Cumberland Riveis. Genus HYDROPHLOX Jorc?aw. 8. Hydrgphlox rubricrooeus {Cope) J. tfc B. ni/hopnh ruhricrocvuH Cope (1868), Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2;>1. This surpassingly beautiful little tish abounds in the rock-pools of tli smaller tributaries of the Tugaloo. In Toccoa Creek, it is very abiij dant, far outnumbering all other spi'cies. We obtained many sjjeq mens from the pool at the foot of Toccoa Falls. The life-colors are as follows: Dark steel-blue; a dark lateral baud | coaly punctulations, which is usually distinct on the anterior lialf body, and passes through the eye around the snout. All the finsod rich clear red ; the dorsal rather crimson, the caudal pink, the lower tij full bright scarlet. Head all pale scarlet-red, the lower jaw flushed, j if bloody, a lustrous streak along the sides, below which is a distiij silvery lustre. Eyes silvery, somewhat flushed with red. In lijj coloration, the entire body becomes more or less red. This red pi ment becotnea more evident when a flsh is first placed in alcohol. Fij ray of dorsal dusky on anterior edge. Top of head and whole ante-dorsal region in males dusted with white tubercles. Female si)ecimens are pale olivaceous or silvery. Toc'th L', t-4, 2, with masticatory sur*' ce, the edge of which is usim| crenate. This species and the preceding were hitherto known only from headwaters of the Tennessee River. i Genus CP:RATICI1TIIYS Baird. 0. Cerati(;iitiiys rubru'rons Jordan. FISHI This species is relate |(!orsal region and longt 10. Ceratici The "Horny Head" Itlie Tngaloo. It furuisl (rlio yearly visit the bet Genus 11. Myx TLe little" Jump lioc ^ud its tributaries. Genus I 12. Ca Tbe Hogsueker occurf (is not known to occur He Poton)ac. Genu si 13. Amiuri; Tbeorigina, types of t om a tributary of the S Genus IC 14. Icinii, I The common "Channe lloo River. iio{:om\» ruhn/ioim Jokdan (1877), Ann. N. Y. Lyceum Nut. Hist. 3:?0. A few specimens of this species were taken. They were brigiit('| color than the original types fiom the Ocmtdgee. The muzzle waa the mules l)r ght red, and the lins somewhat rosy. Genus 15. An< I The common Eel is an i Bull. T,. M. No. 12- FISHES OF THE SAVANNAH BASIN. , i' : bis species is related to C. hi/psinotiis (Cope), but has a less elevated sal region and longer barbels. 10. Ceratichthys BiGUTTATUS {Kirtland) Girard. ho " Horny Elead" is abundant in all the small streams falling into Tngaloo. It furnishes much harmless s|)ort for the amateur anglers ) yearly visit the beautiful Tallulah region. CATOSTOMID J:. aenus MYXOSTOMA Bafinesque. 11. MYXOSTOMA CEuviNUM [Cope) Jor. be little "Jump liocks" occurs in some abundance in the Tugaloo 1 its tributaries. Genus CATOSTOMUS Le Sueur. {nyJomtizon Agassiz.) 13. CATOSTOMUS NIGRTC ANS Le S. 'be Hog-sucker occurs in rapid waters of the Tugaloo and Toccoa. ? not known to occur in any other of the Atlantic streams south of Potomac. SILURID J]]. Genus AMIURUS Rafmesque. 13. Amiurus PLATYCEPnALUS {Olrard) Gill. be origina, types of this species in the Smithsonian Institution were 1 a tributary of the Savannah at Anderson, S. C. Genus ICIITII^LURUS Rafmesque. 14. ICHTn^LUKUS PUNCTATUS (Rof ) Jor. -• 16 common "Channel Cat" is found in some abundance in the Tu- 0 River. , ANGUILLIDJi]. _ , _^ , ^ . :^ Genus ANGUILLA Thunherg. . 1 16. ANGUILLA VULGARIS Fleming. u> common Eel is an iidiabitant of the waters of the Tugaloo. Bull. V. M. No. 12— 3 -A... i A*4»;-,*- 1\ m HP^^^hH ■ ^i\W. \ ? HBa* 1 1 %• 'l^W V" ^'i t*^ *• ' 'T'^^HH , ^ 'hI < -> .'« ^^1 \ m i 4 V * WP it n; r - t •■ * r' 1 ^* > ' i \ ' > >■' ' Ml t ' il'^ *'. 11 ihr ] '! :i ; ^1' « ft 1 . 1 • ' 4 I 1 ,^i,;J 111"*] i 34 CONlillBUTlONS TO NORTH ^MERICAN ICHTHyOLOGY ITI. III. — WATER-BASIN OF THE ALTAMAHA BIVEE. Twenty-three species are known to occur in the water-basin of tlie Altamaha, exclusive of the Shad {Alosa sapidissima), which ascends all the Southern rivers until prevented by the dams Of these twenty-thrt'c, four are known only from the Oconee and Ocmnlgee, viz, Nothonotus inscriptus, Hydrophlox Jutipinnis, Codomacallisema,a\u\ Coiloma xcBnvra. The others are chiefly species of general distribution. Five species were obtained by the writers in the headwaters of the Oconee Eiver, viz, Nofhonotus inscriptuH, Microplerus sahnoides. Ilijdrophlox lutipinnis, Ceral- iehthys rubrifrom, and Ceratichthijs biguttatus. The otlier species men- tioned below are from tiie Ocmulgee. etheostomatidj:. Genus IIADROPTERUS Agassu. 1. Hadropterus nigrofasciatus Agassiz. Taken at the Flat Shoals in the South Fork of tiio Ocniulgee. Genus BOLEOSOMA DeKay. 2. BOLEOSOMA MACULATIOEPS Cope. A si)ecimen, apparently of this species, from tlie Ocmnlgee Eiver at Macon, Ga. Genus N0TH0N0TU8 Agassiz. 3. NOTHONOTUS INSCRIPTUS, Sp. nov. Body rather stout and deep, pretty strongly compressed behind, less 80 anteriorly : depth 4"| in length : caudal peduncle rather deep. Head large, 4^ in length, rather obtuse, the profile quite gibbous: a considerable angle formed opposite the eyes, which are high up and] rather close together. Eye about equal to snout, 3^ in head. Mouth moderate, slightly ob lique, the maxillary reaching eye, the upper jaw the longer. Cheeks and opercles entirely scaleless, as in N. thalassinus. Region in front ot I dorsal scaly : breast naked. Belly covered with ordinary scales. Scalesj rather large, closely imbricated, the lateral line continuous and nearl.vj straight. Scales 5-46-5. Fins well deyeloi)ed. The spiuous dorsal larger than the soft dorsalJ F] ffbich is som en-hat by membrane. Do Dorsal spines a 11 iiiid veutrals well d( Color, in spirits ; foiining continuous conspicuous, as in J back: one in front i .«il spines ; one bet\ spot on the last part cle, behind the secon Sides with about lateral line. Second sbaded. Anal unicol I one forward from eye A female specimen I niore distinctly blotcL tlje entire anal fln, th< J blue. The extreme et jbright orange red, ant spots were ferruginout Length 2^ inches. Two specimens only iRiver, at Sulphur Sprii This is one of the m Jsniooth head, it resem jtnown. The entirely c mdamnm. Genus 4. Micro Abundant in the Ocon Genus 6. CHiENOBI irhe^War-mouthPercl FISHES OF THE ALTAMAHA BASIN. 35 which is some«\'hat larger than the anal ; the two dorsal fins connected by membrane. Dorsal Xl-I, 11. Anal II, 8. Dorsal spines a little more than half the length of head. Pectorals ;iir1 ventrals well developed. Color, in spirits: Olive, with an orange spot on on each scale, these forming continuous lines along the rows of scales. These lines are quite conspicuous, as in Xeniama catenatum. Three dark blotches across the back: one in front of dorsal, forming a black spot on the anterior dor- ;«il spines; one between the two dorsal fins, forming a similar black s()ot on the last part of the spinous dorsal; and one on the caudal pednn- clo, behind the second dorsal. Sides with about six irregular dark olive blotches just below the lateral line. Second dorsal, caudal, and pectoral extensively dusky- shaded. Anal unicolor. Head dusky above, a dark lino downward, and one forward from eye. A female specimen taken lacked the lines of orange spots, and it was more distinctly blotched on the sides. In life, the male specimen had jtbe entire anal fin, the cheeks, opercles, and a bar below the eye bright blue. The extreme edge of the spinous dorsal was blackish; below this bright orange red, and a dusky bar ot the base. The colored lines of spots were ferruginous, or scarlet-red, rather than orange. Length 2J inches. Two specimens only were taken, in the upper waters of the Oconee River, at Sulphur Springs, in Hail County, Georgia. Tliis is one of the most beautiful of this interesting genus. In the smooth head, it resembles If. thalassimis, and differs from the others known. The entirely dissimilar coloration separates it at once from If. klassimis. ,.•,._ CENTRARCHIDiE. Genus MICROPTERUS Lacepede. 4. MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES (Lao.) QUI. "■ Var. salmoidea. |Abandant in the Oconee and Ocmulgee. i- ^ - -^ . - Genus CH^NOBRYTTUS Gill ; - 5. CHiENOBRYTTUS viRiDis [C. & V.) Jordan. the "War-mouth Perch" is abundant in the Ocmulgee. - .: ■••■..■ ■■ ",■*;,■;,■». , '■ .*■- Jilt .' ■ i"-' ;•■ • . - i 1 -,«.,!".>;;:-^;^^;;4;l - r.' • ■ ■ ■ V. ■ .».■ *. H m 36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Genus LEPIOPO^rUS Bafinesqiw. 0. Lepiopomus auritus (L.) Raf. Common in the Ocmulgeo River. Genns CENTRARCHUS Ciwier £ VaJenciennes. 7. Centbarchus macropterus (Lacepddc) Jordan. Several specimens of the large-finned Ccnfrarchtitf are in tlie United States National Museum, from the Ocmulgee lliver, near Macon, Ga. The characters distinguishing this species from C irideua are given in Bulletiu Ko. 10 of the National Museum, p. 31. ESOCID^. Gemis ESOX Linnaeus. 8. Esox RETicuLATUS Le Suettr. Found in the Ocmulgee Kiver. CYPRINID^. Genus ALBURNOPS Girard. (Subgenus HUDSONiUS Ord.) 9. Alburnops AMARUS (Ord.) Jordan. JTyhoiisia hudsoniua vaT.amarus Johdan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nut. Hist. N. Y. 362. Very abundant in the South Fork of the Ocmulgee. TL's is possibly | not Girard's amarns, but at present I think that it is. Leuciscus spir- Hngulns 0. & V. iSeems to be A. hudsonius. Genus HYDROPHLOX Jordan. 10. HYDROPHLOX LUTIPINNIS, sp. nov. A brilliantly colored little fish allied to H. rubricroceu8. Body stout and rather strongly compressed, the depth 4J in lenfftli.| the dorsal region somewhat elevated, the outline of the back sloping each way from the base of the dorsal fin. Head short and rather deep, 4 to 4^ iu length, broad and fiattisli iiltove, the muzzi loug as the mnzz!( .Mouth large, qu (lible included. Scales medium, of tlie dorsal. Do veiitrals. Dorsal J trals, the latter not Color, ill ispirits band, which exten body bright ciimsoi Colors, in life: C and vertfibral lines below this the sides color of red berries belly especially brig Fins all bright marked : tip of lowc Teeth 2, 4-4, 2, vvi Length 2i to 3 inci This Si)ecie8 is ext; I ill clear rapid strean Bydrophlox lutipin also a smaller mouth,' \L chhrocephahis^ it c I scales: the pectoral teeth, also, are 2, 4, d Y^mlm {Pliotogenis) xanu Tljis beautiful fish i lOcmulgee at Flat Sht ji>HfHM calHscma Joiidan ( TIjIs species, one of [in the South Fork of t FISHES OF THK ALTAMAHA BASIN. 37 above, tbe muzzle moderately rouiKled. Eye ratber large, nearly as lou^ as the muzzle, 3^ to 3^ in head. Mouth large, quite oblique, the maxillary reaching to orbit, the man- dible included. Scales medium, G-40-3, rather closely imbricated, about 21 in front of tbe dorsal. Dorsal nearer caudal than muzzle, distinctly behind the veutrals. Dorsal 1, 8. Anal I, 8. Pectorals not reaching nearly to veU' trals, the latter not to vent. Color, iu spirits: Clear olive; a dark, burnished, i^lumbeous lateral band, which extends through the eye aud up the caudal fin : whole body bright crimson : tins yellow. Colors, iu life: Clear olive above, with very intense green dorsal and vertebral lines; an intense metallic blackish band along sides; below this the sides bright silvery, in the males bright, clear red, the color of red berries ; the whole body more or less flushed with red, the belly especially bright : iris crimson. Fins all bright goldeu-yellow : silvery space below eye strongly marked : tip of lower jaw black. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2, with masticatory surface developed. Length 2i to 3 inches. This species is extremely abundant in the headwaters of the Oconee, ill clear rapid streams. It is one of the most brilliant of the genus. Hydrophlox lutipinnis is deeper-bodied than H. riibrivroceus. It has I iilso a smaller mout b and difierent coloration, especially of the fins. From .1. chlorocephalus, it differs in the larger mouth, larger size, and smaller I scales : the pectoral and ventral fins are also usually shorter. The teeth, also, are 2, 4, instead of 1, 4. I" *i, t I I '».. i'\ "4, '••' •! .'V 1 ,V<1/ 'J ^^vr. '"i in >i, i Genus CODOMA Girard. • 11. CoDOMA XiENUBA Jordan. V |MiiiHi/u8 (P/io/0(/e»ii8) xanMrM* JouDAN (1877), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 79. This beautiful fish is the most abundant species iu tjie rapids of the jOcuiulgee at Flat Shoals. ' 12. CoDOMA CALLISEMA Jordan. \ipmma calHscma Joudan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 3Gi?. This species, one of the most elegant of the genus, is very abundant lio the South Fork of the Ocmulgee. It differs from the other species of •1^; "i^ Wi. !' 38 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOBTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. the genus iu the presence of a single row of teeth and in the more ante- rior position of the dorsal, which is scarcely at all posterior to the ven- trals. It is, 'uwever, rather a Codoma than an Episema. Genus NOTEMIGONUS Bafmesque. 13. NOTEMIGONUS AMERICANUS (L.) Jor. Notemigonua iscUanua Jokdan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 3li4. Very abundant everywhere in the Ocmulgee in still or deep waters. Adult specimens have the lower fins yellow, tipped with scarlet. Genus OERATICHTIIYS Baird. 14. Ceratichthys rubrifrons Jordan. Nocomia riibrifrona Johdan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 330. This handsome little fish was first described from the Ocraulgee River, where it is abundant. It is also common in the Oconee. 15. OERATICHTIIYS BIGUTTATUS {Kit't.) (Jirard. Abundant in the Oconee ; not noticed iu the Ocmulgee. Genus SEMOTILUS Bafinesque. 16. Se:\]0T1LUS couporalis {Mit.) Putnam. From a small bi;ook, tributary to the Ocmulgee. In the South, this I species is almost confined to the smaller creeks and spring runs. OATOSTOMIDiE. Genus MYXOSTOi.'A Bafmesque. 17. Myxostoma OERVINUM {Copc) Jordan. The little "Jump Rocks" is very abundant at the Flat Shoals of tbe| Ocmulgee. 18! Myxostoma papillosum {Cope) Jordan. Common in the Ocmulgee.- ^^ ,^ -u. . : Genus ERIMYZON Jordan. _.. _ 19. Erimyzon sucetta {Lac.) Jordan. From the Ocmulgee. FIS Ger 20. icin Very common in ( 21: Am A single specime brook iu the Altara streams and slouffh Very abundant ii scribed. G 23 Eels occur in all t IV.— WATER Our collections in t li'ctory, as oidy twen hteni to be characteris "here: Semotilxis tho mma. The other isp [oi Alabama, or both. The Chattahoochee jkiiown, tho easternra( [hihlopUtes rvpcfitris) Mernmost limit of t W- War-mouth Percl Wyxostoma cervinum). F-Great Pedee, Sa \ which Ltixilus corm FISHES OF THE CHATTAnOOCHEE BASIN. 39 SlLURIDiE. Genus ICIITIIyELURUS Bafmesque. 20. IciiTiiiELunus rvM'/rATVS {Jiafmesque) Jordati. Very conamou in tbe Outnulgee. Genus AMIURUS llafinesque. 21". Amiurus marmouatus {Ilolbrook) Jordan. A single specimen is in tbe National Museum, collected by Dr. Hol- brook in the Altamaha River. Tbe species occurs in abundance in the streams and sloughs of Southern Illinois. 22. Amiurus brunneus Jordan. Very abundant in the Ocmulgee, from which river it was first de- scribed. ANGUILLID^l Genus ANGUILLA Thunherg. 23. Anguilla vulgaris Fleming. Eels occur in all the iarger tributarie-i of the Oconee and Ocmulgee. IV. — WATER BASIN OF THE CHATTAnOOCHEE RIVKR. Our collections in the Chattahoochee Basin have been rather nnsatis- taotory, as only twenty-one species have been obtained. Of these, three si'ini to be characteristic of the river, and have not yet been obtained else- nvliere : Semotilns thorcauianus, Photugenis Icucopus, and Codoma eury- mma. The other species taken are found also either in the Altiimaha |or Alabama, or both. The Chattahoochee is noteworthy as being, so far as is at present [known, the easternmost limit in the Southern States of the Rock Bass UmhlopUtes rupcHtris) and the Red Horse [MijXOHioma duqucsnii), as the psternmost limit of the range of the " Green Cat" {Aiiiiwnis brunneus). h War-mouth Perch {ChwnobryUus viridis), and the "Jump Rocks" pyxostoma cervinum). It is r.lso the westernmost of the series of riv- p— Great Pedee, Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, and Chattahoochee — which LumluH cornutm does nut occur. ; ::'■■■■:]/.■l.^;i:;.:^ :':'»*] ,, ■: ».i \'e,\ri ■'-. ■'.■',»,'. J id..- .. , :.■■■. • •'?>•■ :'■ miT&- I ■. ;■.:■■ ^^■•x.-'r-*- •"-■ •-; ' ^/" ; '' 'i^ ■' ■. ,'■' ■.■'■■ ■' ■■ .:■'»:■■ U- 'w !•'> .? vJ ;■/■ I' '..-.IB ?'•■,. A »| c. 1^ ' ■■■(,.■ ■»■•' f " ■•■■ -^.Ci^ ! r-^. 40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOliTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. Four of the species here lueiitioued were collected sevenvl years ago by Dr. llugb M. Neisler at some jjoiut in Georgia, tbe record of tiic locality not certainly preserv ed, but suppostd to be Fliut River, and aiv now in the Museum of tbe Smithsonian Institution. These are Campu- atonia anomaluiii, Semoiilus thoreaniantis, Codoma formomi {''■(jrandip'ni. nis^'), and Aphudoderus sayanus ('■'■AstcrHotn'mia mesotrema "). ETHEOSTOMATID^. Gsnus HADROPTERUS Agassb. 1. HADROPTERUS NIGROFASCIATUS AgUSStZ. Abundant at tbe Shallow Ford of tbe Chattahoochee near Gaiuos ville, Ga. OENTRARCHID^. Genus lAIICROPTERUS Laccpedc. 2. MlCROPTERUS PALLIDUS (Raf.) G. & J. Not very abundant. 3. MiCROPTERUS S/iLMOIDES (LuC.) OHl. Veiy common. Genus AMBLOPLITES liafmesque. 4. AMBLOPLITES RITPEUTRIS (/I'rt/.) GUI. AbuDdaut. * Genus LEPIOPOMUS Bufinesque. 5. LePIOPOMUS PALLIDUS {Mit.) G. it- J. (Iclillivli« iiidmi H(>lbr(M)k.) A few specimens taken in Peach Tree Creek near Atlanta. 0. LePIOPOMUS AURITUS (L.) llnf. Abundant at the ShaUow Ford of tbe t;hattah«u)cbee. My speciiiiiiisj lifti luoro elongate tluin tliose from the Saluda, and they ditVer sonic- what in coloration and sijuaination. The dark blotches at the hm\ of tbu dorsal are wanting. 1 am not, however, disposed to coll^«i(l('Ij them as specitically distinct. , , ^ . r- , : ; , ,? i ^ PISH ijren 7. J: Tiie 8i)ecimen de.s noimnia mesotrema J .Utcrnotremia is proi G 8. A slender, rather j |frora the Saluda. Body eh)ngate, com jiiiuilal peduncle. D«^ miitv than in i>. ,„•; |lougaiiednncle. Leng IW abundant in (he F'wd elacwhero. FISHES OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE BASIN. 41 APIIODODERIDiE. (Melius APH0D0DERU8 ie ^wewr. 7. Aphododeuus sayantjs (6^///) DeK. Tlie specimen described in Bulletin No. 10, U. S. Nat. Mus., ii.s Aster- noiremiu mcsotrema Jor., doubtless belongs to this si)ecies. The " genus '' Xnkrnotremia is probably an iiuiuature stage o( Aphoitodcnts. CYPRiNrDj:. Genus PiiOTOGENlS 6V 8. PhOTOGENIS LEUCOPUd, sp. HOC. A slender, rather idaiu species, closely resembling Pliotogenis nireus llro;a tlie 8alnda. Body elongate, compressed, tapering toward tlio snout and the long icaudal peduncle. Depth 4 J in length. Head moderate, 4 A in length, lurfjer than in 1*. niveus, rather pointed, wide on top. Snout rather |loiig and somewhat pointed. Mouth large, quite obliecially elevated. Teeth 1, 4-4, 1, houked, with narrow grinding surfaceH and usually liiiiiowhat crenate. * Color olivaceous, the sides bright silvery: a rather inconspicu«mH |aik blotch on last rays of dorsal, as in related species. A rout'd black «it, iieaily as large as eye, at base of caudal, precisely ws in Codoma mjntoitia. In life, the coloration is pale; the dorsal flu is chiefly of a m yellowish-green c»dor, as tlumgh yellowish pigment were mixed li white; the upper part is of a pale lerrugineous red and the extreme inilUy-whitu. The caudal lln is feiiugineous, with milk-white tips. ai' lower tins, especially the ventrals, aie milk-white. The snout in rs is fuberculate, autt very minuti^ prickles occur on the sides of the uihtl pe(iun(;Ui. Length 'A^ to 4 inche.» |V('i.v abundant in the Chattahoochee Kivn- at the Shallow Kord ; nut Hiieil elsewhere. " <• \{'« hk M'\ i%i)tvru» Giiiithor, Phologema grum]iimi\ iliinlaii.) The typical specimeuRof P. f/randipiiniiH i\n\ supposed tohiivclu'c (•olh'Mr«HN/('/w('>M 17. Joim Putmim as the same, although there is little in the very iujperfect oiiB*. ,,, .-,.,.,, BTi'fiChaunel Cat is < null ilescriptioii to warraut it. Gem 11. iMYXO A sijeejes wliieh we l"i'M'"of tim Ohio is ir> ■^f Hi From Peach Tree ( ' Get <> ten IIS FISHES OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE BASIN. 43 Genus CAJilPOSTOMA Agassb. » 11. CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALU3I {liof.) Ag. Siiocimens in Dr. Keisler's collection, supposed to have been taken iu ihe Flint River, in Taylor County, Georgia. Genus SEMOTILUS Eafinesque. 12 Semotilus tiioreauianus Jordan. The types arc in Dr. Neisler's collection, probably from Flint River. Genus CERxVTICIITIIYS Baird. 13. Ceiiatioiitiiys iuguttatus [Kirlland) Qirord. i: ^ abundant in the Cbattaboocbee. (^atostomidj:. Genus MYXOSl'OiMA llafuicsque. 14. Myxostoma DUQI'ESNII {Le Sueur) Jordan. A species which we are unable to dii^tinHuish Irom the common **Red lliiise" of the Ohio is abutulant iu the Chattahoochee. 15. Myxostcma cekvinum Cope. A tew spec , 'i > hiken in the Shallow Ford. jonus EliLMYZON Jordan. 1(1. KlllMYZON SUCETTA {/.ac ) ./or. 1 loin Peach Tree Creek ^ear Atlanta. SlLUUlDiE. - Oenns TCHTir.1':LUlUT8 llafincsqne. "" 17. l(UITU.fli:LTIUUS PUNCTATllS (Ho/.) J or. Till' Channel Cat is exceedin^rly nbiuuiant in the Chattahooehoe. n '%■. ^ sm .1 ^ >\ ' ft. \ .< • * - 1>« % .v>.. ■■■■* f. h" i*^;'"' "kite uMl.^. ^-•i-?-;^ ■ ' '•■ 'i ■^:M>.:r| h ' ■ Ri '^■'•i \ I * i. !l J, |l sS 44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO XOUTil AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. Genus AMIURUS Rafinesque, V 18. Amiuuus brunneus Jordan. , This is the most abuu;]ant edible fish in tbe Chattaboocb^e. We| secured upwards of forty large speciuiens in two Lours' seiuing at the Shallow Ford. It grows to tbe leugtb of about 18 incbes,-iiiid is imii!i valued as food. It is usually Uuowu as (bo Mud Cat. Genus NOTUKUS Rafinesque-. 19. NOTURUS LEPTACANTUUS Jordan. \oturu8 lepiacanthm JoitDAN (1877), Anu. Lye. Nut. Hist. N. Y. 332. Tbis species wasorigii.ally described from a single speciim-u taken i,j| Silver Creek, a tributary of tbe Etowab. A second specimen, siiiiihui to the first, was taken by us at the Shallow Ford during the past siimi mer, and since then a third, at the same locality as the first. In ((ihn,! tills specit -5 is of a rich pale transparent brown, very slightly iiidttli with darker. LEPIDOSTEIDiE. Genus LEPIDOSTEUS Laapede. 20. Leimdosteus ossku« (L.) Ag. Taken at the Shallow Ford. ANGUILLID^^:. Genus ANGUILLA Thunhcrg 21. Anouilla vulgaris Fleming. Kels, of course, ubouinl in the Chattahoochee. , v.— WATER BASIN OF THE ALABAMA RIVER. The fish-fauna of the Alabama Elver is now better known than of any other ot the Southern streams. Fifty-five species are now knot] as inhabitants of that river and of its gretit triinitarles, (he Klowi Oostaiuiuhi, and Coosa. A slight examination of any suitable tiilmtJ of the Alabama is Hu(U(Ment to show that it is much richer in s|ifr| than are any of the rivers lying to the eastward of il. Of these fifty-si-v speclua, thirteen are ua yet only known from Alabama Basin. Zygonectes hicroghj iim, Codonia call stigmatura, A'otrop i-ans etomnus, and I one or two species il't'lythat the faun Certain common Istrciims hitherto u( Alabama. ' Among YhwnobryttuH gulosni. G 1. Abundant: precise Genu 3. IlADR -Vbnndanr: first dei Ger 3. 'oiiunon in clear wa (.'iiisiana. Genu 4. b] Abundant in clear, Irard's speciies, whiclJ Gen lis 81 •">. StizorI Pb the rivpr-ehannelsl to examine spoeimi FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. 45 Alabama Basin. These are: Xenisma stcUi/enim, Zygonectes gnitntus, 'lygonectes hieroglt/phicus, Hydrophlox xanoctphalus, Hijdrophlox chroso- WHS, Codoma calUstia, Codoma trichroistia, Codoma coeridea, Codoma stigmatura, ^\)tropi8 stilbius, Phenacohivs catostomtus, Catostomus nigri- lans etovanua, and Myxostoma euryopa. 1 exclude fVom this ennmeration one or two species recorded from the Bhick Warrior River, as it is likely that the (anna of that stream will prove, in part at least, different. Certain commou Northern or Western types, apparently absent in the vircaais hitherto noticed, make their appearance in the waters of the Alabania. Among these are Luxihis comvtvs, Notemigonns chrysoleucus, [Clid'nobryttun gulosus, Tfyndon, rhencwohim, etc. ETHEOSTOMATID^. Genus PERCINA Haldeman. 1. Percina caprodes {Uaf.) Grd. Abundant : precisely like Northern specimens. Genus HADROPTERUS Agassiz. 2. IlADROPTERUS NIGROFASOIATUS AgOHHiZ. Abundant: first described from near ^Mobile. Genus ULOCENTRA Jordan. 3. Ulocentra stigMvEA Jordan. moma stigmwa .Tohdan (1877), Ann. Ljc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. '.Ul. |('oiiimon in clear water. This species also occurs in the streams of Genus BOLEICHTTTYS Girard. 4. BoLKicirrnYS kleoans iUrard. |.\lmiidant in clear, weedy ponds. This may not bo identical with jiianl's species, which was originally descrilied from Texas. PERCID^. . Genus S'lMZOSTETIIlUM llajinesque. ,_„_ liiiisiana. 5. 8T1ZOSTETH1UM SALMONEUM Raftncuque. Untile rivercbannels of the Oostanauln. Wo have had no opportu- r to examine »|)ecimen8, and we are not Huro that the Alabama flsh ilie original mlmoneum. I'K-i' ?. i J 3r , n ^.> ";•? i *i ''.' \' •■". V- ii*4T' ii;.v, -■■ ^'■.'4,; - .-fV- ■ '■ ■ ■ ■.. ' y,*ocoltu8 Carolina; Gij.L (V ""oeolltta eophcrus JoRDxy jEwedinglj- abut.dan kill, Oostanaula, anc [llie Care Spring Cree ff'Tins called zopherns. ^Kifidly identical, we A] Genus A (.dphredoi 20. APHODODI ^•^^imens from Alaba I'y Professor Jord ¥remia rnesotrema, is u FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. Genus CENTRARCHUS Cuvier d Valenciennes. 47 15. Centrarciius irideus {Lac.) C. & Y. Specimens from Alabama Eiver, at Montgomery, similar to others oin the Neuse aud from about Charleston. This species has been )und by Prof. S. A. Forbes in Southern Illinois. Genus POMOXYS Rafinesque. 16. PoMOXYS NiGROMACULATUS {Le 8.) Qirard. Specimens from the Alabama River at Montgomery. f , 17. POMOXYS ANNULARIS Eof. I From Bound Lake near Montgomery. SCI^NIDiE. Genus HAPLOIDONOTUS Rafinesque. 18. HArLoiDONOTUS GRUNNiENS Rojinesqiie. Abundant in the Oostanaula. COTTIDJ]. Genus POTAMOCOTTUS Gill. 19. POTAMOCOTTUS MERiDiONALis {Oirard) QUI. tmocottus carolincB Gii.L (1801), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. |timoco»i(8 zophcrus Jordan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nut. Hist. N. Y. 320. JExceedingly abundant in all the clear and cold tributaries of (he lowiili, Oostanaula, and Coosa. Many specimens from the cold waters ■the Cave Spring Creek. We are ntiable to satisfactorily distinguish If forms called sopherus, Carolina^, and meridionalis, and, believing them iKitically identical, we unite them under the oldest name. I APIIODODERID^. I Genus APIIODODERUS Le Sueur. I (AphredodcruH heS.; Sternotrfminfie]aon.) " I 20. Aphododerus sayanus [QilliamH) BeKay. Bpt'iiinens from Alabama River near Montgomery. The lish de- ■wl by Professor Jordan from Flint River, under the name of At- HofrcMta mesotrema, is undoubtedly a variation of this species. i \ "' T^ H'^.t ** A *>■ >.<* * • 'l' ./ ^', '^\« .;t.- ' . » \} '.JP V«A /* < , ■J ■* . N * ■• t r" 48 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. i OYPRINODONTIDJE. Genus XEmSMA Jordan. 21. Xenism A STELLiFEKUM Jordaw. ■: Xenisma stellifera Jordan (1877), Aun. Lye. Nat,. Hist. N. Y. 322. This most exquisitely colored fish is very abundant in all the clear tributaries of the Etowah, Oostaiiaula, and Coosa. It prefers cold waters, and ascends the " spring-runs" to their fountain-heads. Genus ZYGONECTES Agassiz. 22. ZYGONECTES NOTTII Agassiz. Many specimens in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, from near Mobile. This and the next belong to the group of short bodied species called Micristiiis by Professor Gill. 23. ZYGONECTES GUTTATUS Agassiz. Recorded by Professor Agassiz from near Mobile. 24. ZYGONECTES HIEROGLYPHICUS Agasniz. Recorded by Prolessor Agassiz from near Mobile. We have iieveB ^undant in al seen either this or the preceding, and doubt if any one will ever recogW ^* divers, nize them from the published descriptions. ■ -^ specimens do not f Northwest. Genus 2S. Specimens in the lilt Montgomery, AJa Ge] 29. C '^midant in the Ei G 30. : '■-"^ ESOCID^. ''''''":ffif'\ Genus ESOX imwtcMs. 25. ESOX RETICULATUS XC fifMCWr. Abundant in tributaries of the Etowah. ,-- 20. Esox RAVENELi HolbrooJc. A few specimens in the United States National Museum from t\ Alabama River. HYODONTIDiE. Genus RYODO^ Le Sueur. ' — _,._.__ 27^ Hyodon selenops Jordan cfc J5mw. ^1. Hy llhms chrosomus Jokdan m abundant in the kill. In Cedar Cre hrriug i„ the clear, ffifirmn. None of on |t.v of coloration. It ^^- a scarlet band *"'. anal, and cauda "til is rather Jess term c IS SI 32. Hydro: Hyodon seletwjya Johdan & Bean (1877), Bulletin U. S. Nat. Miis. x. 65. ^"i '«nocvphuluH Jordan A single specimen in the National Museum from the Alabama KiW'"' '"<^ precedipir, but at Montgomery. Jmbla/ice to the young J^"II. N. M. No. 12- FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. . DOROSOMATIDiE. 49 Genus DOROSOMA Bafinesque. 28. DOROSOMA CEPEDIANUM (Zac.) Gill. - . (Var. /teferwrwjM Raf.) • Specimens in the United States National Museum from Round Lake at Montgomery, Ala. OYPRINIDJ]. Genus CAMPOSTOMA Agassis. 29. CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM (i2«/.) ^r/. - Var. jprotoMW (Storer). ' ' Vbiindant in the Etowah and Oostanaula. Genus LUXILUS Bafinesque. 30. LUXILUS CORNUTUS {Mit.) Jor. Verj- abundant in all the tributaries of the Etowah, Oostanaula, and loosa Rivers. M,v specimens do not obviously differ from those from New York and lie Northwest. Genus HYDROPHLOX JbrrfaM 31. Hydrophlox chrosomus Jordan. ljlw])8t« chrosomua .Tohuan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 333. Very abundant in the clear tributaries of the Oostanaula, Coosa, and Kowah. In Cedar Creek, at Cave Spring, it is the commonest species prriug in the clear, cold waters, with Codoma callistia and Xenisma hifcrum. None of our Cyprinidw excel Hydrophlox chrosomus in deli- Kv of coloration. It is of a clear hyaline-green above; clear silvery low: a scarlet band straight from upper edge of opercle to caudal : ml, anal, and caudal each with a scarlet bar. In this species, the atli is rather less terminal than is usual in the group called Hydrophlox. 32. Hydrophlox x^nocephalus Jordan. fpsit Toenoccphulus Johdan (IH77), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 334. fitli the preceding, but rather less couimon. This species bears some |nablance to the young of Codoma calUstia. Dull. N. M. No. 12—4 4' / ' "1 > * -i i it <« ■ 4. ^^ ! J < 1 ' X I * ■ ■ ■ -1 ', «"i'»* ■* ' ■f ,' ■*(•■ ifiiyi'. 50 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. Genus CODOMA Girard. 33. CoDOMA STIGMATURA Jordan. Photogenis siigmaturus Jordan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 337. This elegant species is very abundant in the tributaries of the Eto wah, Oostauaula, and Coosa. In those streams which are neither ven clear and cold nor very muddy, it is usually the most abundant species. 34. CODOMA CALLISTIA Jordan. Photogenis callistiua Jordan (1877), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 337. A large, ornate species, more brilliantly colored than the preceding,! but less graceful in form. Female specimens are dull dark olive, with the dorsal fin brick-red. This species occurs wiWi the preceding, but is| rather less abundant. 35. CoDOMA TRit'HROiSTiA Jordan & Gilbert^ sp. nov. A small, slender species, graceful in form and elegant in coloration; It is most nearly related to C. calHstia, but may be readily distinguished] Body rather slender, considerably compressed, the depth 4J in Iciigtlj Head rather slender and pointed, 4^ in length. Eye of moderate size] 3^ in head. Mouth quite large, very oblique, the maxillary exteudiiij to opposite the anterior margin of the eye, and the premaxillariej being on a level with the middle of the pupil, the mouth thus beiii| similar to that of the species of Notropis. In C. callistia, the mouth much more inferior, nearly horizontal; the maxillaries do not extend tj the eye, and tho premaxillaries are entirely below the level of (he orbit. Scales rather closely imbricated, C-42-3 ; lateral line considerablj decurved, usually with an abrupt angulation between pectorals and ve| tralsj 18 or 19 scales before dorsal lin (15 or IG in C. callist'm). Fins moderately developed: dorsal well behind ventrals, rather uean caudal than muzzle. Dors ' 1,7. Anal 1,9. Pectorals falling somj what short of ventrals; the latter reaching beyond vent nearly to bi of anal. Color: Bright steel-blue above : sides bright silvery ; in males, m( or less milky. A large black spot at base of caudal, precisely as in callistia, not nearly so distinct as in G. stigmatura. Head silvery; abo| bluish. Dorsal flu with a broad, dusky, horizontal band at base; membrane of the last rays above jet-black, blacker than in the oti species; the tip of the fin milk-white. The rest of the dorsal fin, esi cially the anterior I fin is chiefly rosy, t 1 flush of rose-color. Female specimei (lal spot are similar ings are obliterated In the males, in s I sparsely tuberculati J lateral line as far [tabercles. Teeth 1, 4-4, 1, ol |iDum length 2| inch Codoma trivhroistii jEtowah and Oostant ■Gilbert in 1876. but 1 MVistia, which it mu Imouth will distinguis ^htogenta cwruleua Jorda Tbis most delicate { llie Uostanaula Eiver [raters. 37. Cc The typical specime ^pselopterns Giinther ierefore belongs to tecription applies we hiosm is probably tl [The following is an ^bgeuus Urogala at p; il'on L Anal fin elongate, H. Dorsal fin entirely post! ing nearly to elevated; dep jaws equal : I spot : colorat ches Dorsal fin sli-litly poj tbe head, and tuberculute: f PISHES OP THE ALABAMA BASIN. 51 cially the anterior part, is of a bright pale vermillion-red. The caudal fin is chieflj' rosy, the tips uiilk-white. The anal is milky, with a decided flush of rose-color. The ventrals are milky. v Female specimens are duller, bnt the black fln-markings and the cau- dal spot are similar in all. In the female of C. callistia, the dorsal mark- ings are obliterated. • In the males, in spring, the head and anterior dorsal region are rather I sparsely tuberculate. The caudal peduncle and the space below the lateral line as far forward as the ventrals are covered with similar I tubercles. Teeth 1, 4-4, 1, of the usual type, hooke' ^ JT t \a f ! ' ! > ■ •- M '\.. '! ■■t. 52 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. ;i3|#i"i • ^"** b. Body deep, compressed; depth 3^ to 3| in length : fina all greatly elevated; the b'jight of the dorsal live-uixtbH the length of the head : mnzzle, aDtirinr part of dorsal fln, and a bioad crescent in the middle of the caudul fm bright scarlet: posterior margin of caudal blackish; no black sput ut base of caudal pyrrhomei,as, a. 66. Body more elongate, less compressed, its depth 4 to 4^ in length : fius all ruthcr low, the longest dorsal ray scarcely f length of head : dorsal, anal, and • caudal fins chiefly bright crimson: no definite dark margin to caudal; a faint black candiil spot x^ExuitA, 3, Section II. Anal tin short, its rays 1, 8, or 1,9. * Teeth one-rowed, 4-4. Dorsal fln scarcely' at all posterior to ventrals, its first ray nearer snout than base of caudal: body elongate, compressed: inuiitji smallish, oblique, rather inferior : dorsal fin greatly elevated, the loudest ray, in males, longer than the head : black dorsal blotch well iiiaiked: dorsal, anal, and caudal fins chiefly of a bngbt ferrugiuous-oraugo; a blue streak along sides : size small ; length iij inches., .calliskma, 4. *• Teeth two-rowed, 1, 4-4, I (often 1, 4-4, 2, in C. euryaioma). c. Black markings of the dorsal flu not in the form of a horizontal bar across the I fln. d. Adult males without red markings on the flns. e. No distinct black or dark blue spot at base of caudal : body short aniouth largo, quite oblique, the jaws about equal, the maxillary rcachj in^r to oj)pouite the eye and the premaxitlariiii anUriorly on the level the pupil : body slender, compressed : dorsal fln dusky at base, jtt-l)lac| ou last rays, the fln otherwise, as well as the anal an«l caudal pale vfi million : caudal peduncle tuberenlate: dorsal markings usually disiim , . in both sexes : size small ; length 24 inches TiiicnKoi.s'riA, ff. Mouth nearly horizontal, overlapped by the heavy snout, the uiuxillai not reaching to the eye, and the premaxiUaries anieriorhj below tbe levi of the orbit : dorsal liu dusky at the base and on tbe last rays, the <,'ieat( part of the tin, as well as of the caudal, bright carmine : coloiaiiim body quite dark, blue in males, olive in females : dorsal markings obscui - in the latter: body stout, not greatly compressed, the back soiiiewb| elevated: size large ; length 4 inches calU'STIaJ CO. Black markings of tlio dorsal fin in the form of a horizontal bar across the midway: body stout and deep, not greatly compressed: head hcav; mouth large, oblique, with equal jaws : eye very large; a small biitdj tiiict black caudal spot: tins with pa"e red : teeth sometimes 1.4-4, size large ; length 4 inches : appearance of Luxilua euuysioma, XoMropia lirus Jobd;' Common in trib deep waters. Thi the genus. In fo resembles the speci l)jtlie want of uxa [approaches it in th \Motropia stilbius Joudj Abundant in the |genu8 greatly need Grenu 40. Not ■mericana of moat \ e TIlis familiar speci [li the basin of the A Gei 41. Pj fltnacobiua catoatomus Joi, Tills strongly mark( treams, Silver Creek poivah and the Coos* ^P« ; it has less derc u ( Gren 42. Cerati '/'«■« winchelli GiKAKD "'"A^s hyalinua Cope % common in the lis in any of the tril ire been described by \hcomis bellicus. •■ « FISHES OF THE ALABAMA BASIN. "a^^^ - 53 Genus NOTROPIS Bafinesque. 38. NOTROPis LIRUS Jordan. Sototropia Virus Jordan (1877), Anu. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 342. Common in tributaries of the Etowah, Oostiinaula, siud Coosa in still, (liiop waters. This species is not, by any means, a typical member of the genus. In form, coloration, squamation, and nuptial tubercles, it resembles the species of Lythrurus, from which it is technically separated by the want of masticatory surface on the teeth. Notropis matittimis approaches it in the small size of its scales. 39. NoTROPis STiLBius Jordan. yototropia stilbiiw Jordan (1877), Ann. Ly'c. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 343. Abundant in the water-basin of the Alabama. The species of this Igeuus greatly need revision. Genus NOTEMIGONUS Bafinesque. 40. NOTEMIGONUS CHRYSOLEUCUS (MU.) Jor. .mericana of most writers ; not Cyprinus amcricanus Linnaeus, which is a Southeaht- ern species — Noiemigonm iachanus Jor,) This familiar species is very abundant in bayous and weedy streams itbe basin of the Alabama. Genus PHENACOBIUS Cope. 41. PHENACOBIUS CATOSTOMUS Jordan. fknacohiiia catoatomua Jokdan (1877), Anu. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 332. I This strongly marked species was found in abundance in two clear piraa, Silver Creek and Cedar Creek, tributaries respectively to the ptowah and the Coosa. This is a much stouter species than P. uranops ^pe; it has less developed lips and is in various other ways dissimilar. Genus CERATICWTRY^ Baird. 42. Ceratiohthys winchelli (Oirard) Jordan. }K>pm winchelli Ghiard (1856), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 1856, 211. tlichthya hyaltnua Cope (1868), Journ. Ac. Nat. So. Phila. 1868, 236. ' jVery common in the Alabama Basin. G. higuttatus was not obtained pis in any of the tributaries of the Alabama. It seems, however, to kvebeen described by Girard,from the Black Warrior, under the name Uocomia hellicus. tSHi ' ■■i'ii\\i>i%- > rf vi ■i»l ■>>'^ ^ tr^." 4- ■■.►•'{;: ■v^l'.p ■■■■ ■■^^'k'~-: . •»KW, •.;^-y'''ii«i:5v' ■Sr"^'^^t'' ■■•■ . ■'v-'^ ^^^«. '■r- ■■■■''■ ^''-rim^h^MI ■ , . •■) . 1 t» J-v'-ij '■*■"•.-■ i " ■^: :^->;'V: * ■,.■.' "■, «,■-(•■.• "■•'<••,: .';, "m 'I "Vv'"'' ■•[' '111 i'i it^**-' t^-'frmi :•'!;";/ t^'ff t,-::. ■•• .f ■• 'H'-.h ■**? > , lli' ( ,(-. , 41 "C» yii 54 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Genus SEMOTILUS Fvofinesque. 43. Semotilus cokporalis {Mit.) Putnam. Common in the smaller streams. Genus RHINICHTHYS Agassiz. 44. Rhinichtuys cbtusus Agasaiz. Very common in tbe spring runs tributary' to tho Etowah and Oosta| naiila. CATOSTOMIDJl. Genus MYXOSTpMA Rafinesqm. 45. Myxostoma maorolepidotum DUQUESNii (Le IS.) Jordan. The " Ked Horse" is common in the Etowah and Oostanaula. Vai; lachrymule (Cope) also occur «. 40. M^XOSTOIIA EURYOPS Jordan. Mysostoma euryopn JoijdaN (18T7), Ann. Ljc. Nat. HiHt. N. Y. 348. From Lovejoy s Creek, a tributary of the Oostauaula. The type-specj men of this singular Hi)ecies still remains unique. Genus CATOSTOMUS Le Sueur. 47. (LVTOSTOMUS NiORKiANS ETOWANUS Jordan. CutOHtomuH nigricaiiH viir. elotcanun Jdkoan CIS?"), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. The Hog Mullet, or I'l awl a-bo( torn, is very abu.'idant in all ni|ii Hfreams in the Alabama IJasin. The charact'.MS separating .iiv.cUno i}us from nigricuHH seem to be pretty constant. 1 do not, lio\vev( think them distinct species. Genus KR'MYZON Jordan. 48. Kkimyzon sucp:tta {Lac.) Jordan. This species, known loc.uiiy as the May Sucker, is abundant in tl water-basin of the Alabama. Genus MINYl^REMA Jordan. t ' 40. I.IlNYTRKMA MKLANOPS Jordan. Tbe "Sand backer'' i« ubuudaut in the walerx of tbe Alabauiu - /;,«■ I A single specin Irently Identical w G( 51 Kecorded by Pr •Buffalo Pish" d( bever been studied Gem 52. I [Abundant in the G 63. Ami I Abundant in mud G 64. [Two specimens, ta attahoochee, are a cies. G( 65. |At)Ufidant. Gem f"""' tbe Oostuuaul ta h ,Ui— / '< PISHES OP THE ALABAMA BASIN. •' Genus CARPIODES Rafinesque. 50. Carpiodes oyprinus {Lc S.) Ag. A single specimen from Round Lake neiir Montgomery, Ala., appa- Irently identical with Pennsylvania examples. Genus BUBALICHTHYS Agassiz. 51. ^^UBALICUTHYS (TAURUS) Agass'.Z. Uecorded by Professor Agassiz from the Alabama. Other species of •Buft'alo Fish" doubtless occur in the Alabama, but the species have pever been studied. SILURIDJE. Genus ICHTH^LURUS Rafinesque. 62. Icnxn^LURUS punctatus (Raf.) Jor. Abundant in the basin of the Alabama. Genus AMIURUS Rafinesque. ptC^ 53, AMIUUUS NATALIS ANTONIENSiS ((7 rrf.) Jor. Abundant iu muddy tributaries of the Etowah and Coosa. Genus NOTURUS Rafinesque. 54. NoTURUS LEPTACAN'i iius Jordan. [Two specimens, taken in Silver Creek, and a third specimen, from the attaliuociiee, are nil that are ut present known of this curious little cies. • ' ~ .'" ANGUILLID/E. Genus ANGUILLA Thunberg. 55. Anouilla vulqarik Fleming. LEPIDOSTElDiE. Genus LKIMDOSTKUS Laaphde, r»G. liKPinoBTKUS ossEUs (L.) Ag. Mn the Oostauuula ; probably common. - * > /Old I'Vl: Lbuudant. Iiitl i' . ? ^ t (>• ■. 'Ifil .» ' '*" ' r . 'I I' . 1^1 i 1 '' *, ^ S J u H' - ,« fl -.fc , .1,' Vl 66 1.0NTBIBUTI0NS TO NOltTII AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. YI.— WATEE-BASIN OF THK TENNESSEE RIVER. The fish-fauna of the Tennessee Kiver has been pretty fully oiudied.j especially as to its Cyprinidcc. Thirty-seven species were obtained by Prolesaor Cope in the French Broad, thirty-four in the Ilolstou, niid twenty five by Professor Jordan in tributaries of the Clinch and French Broad, making in all some sixty different species known to inhabit tluj upper waters of the Tennessee. In the lower course of the river, thirty four species are recorded by Professor Agassiz from the Tenuesset River at Iluntsville, Ala.; twenty species were obtained by the writer!^ from the Chickamauga Kiver at Ringgold, Ga., and seventeen .speeitd from Elk River at Estill Springs in Tennessee. About sixty-eight speJ cies are therefore known to occur in the lower course of the river. It all, eighty-two different species are known to inhabit the waters of tbJ Tennessee. To this number many species of large fishes inhabiting thi Ohio at the mouth of the Tennessee might, with certainty, be added but it is not the province of this paper to record guesses. Forty-sij species are therefore certainly common to the upper and lower coursi'j of the Tennessee River. The species at present known in the Tennessee Basin, only from ilJ npper course, — the Clinch, Uolston, and French Broad Riveis, — aretlij following : — lJa«lropterus aurantiacus, Diplesium simoterum. Notlionotus zonalis. Nothonotus vulneratus. Nothonotus rufilineatus. Eth I'ostoma fiabellare. iSalvelinus fontinalis. Alburuops spectrunuulus. Hydrophlox rubricroceus. Ilydrophlo.x lacertosus. Episema leucioda. Nutropis micropteryx. Notropis atheriuoides. Ileuiitremia vittata. IMacopharynx carinatus. NoturuH eleutherus. In all, sixteen specie8.| From the lower course of the river only, the following are known: ("Etheos(onja") cinerea. (•» Etheostoma") tessellata. PcBcilichthys jessiu). Clia^nobryttus guh)suH. Lupiopomus obscurns. (LepiopomuM) bombifrona. KupomotiH jmlliduH. Xenotis inscriptus. Esox (crasHUH). Llyodon selenops. Pomolobus chrysochloris. DoroHonui cepedianum heteruruif Notrupls liruH. PhoxiuuH tlummuuH. PIS iGila estor. Jaassilabia lacera. farpiodes bison. Increased knowled Ubable that the sis jiceptions of Noturus iuljabit the lower | lalities. It is ij^ej^. irce in the Cun)berl wia as similar stream About twelve spotiiei ^rer and its tributari< dropterus aurantiaci tlieostoma) ciner«»a. |tlieostoma) tessellata, othonotus vulneratus. klionotus ruflliueatus. MlichthysjessiiB. Ls we go from the Ali ""l)lauce in the flsh-f iit'n. The following ifd:— ¥csium, EtheoHtomn Wff, Jlemitremia, Ch Genus 1- Poi AMOCO' »'» Chiekamanga ]{i N at Cumberland (, land in the llolston ETI Goiiu> 8. J»EKC STftlly abundant hi e ifi- *' PISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. ila estor. uassilabia lacera. arpiodes bisoD. Bubalicbthys urus. Auiia calva. Acipeuser maculosuts. In all, twenty species. Increased knowledge will considerably modify tbese lists. It is robable tbat the sixteen species in the first list, with the probable iceptions of Noturus eleutherus and Salvelimcs fontinalis, will bo found piuliabit the lower part of the river basin, if sought for in suitable icalities. It is likely that the tributaries of the Tennessee having their wrce in the Cumberland Mountains in Alabama have the same flsh- luna as similar streams rising in the Cumberland Mountains iu Virginia. About twelve species are at present known only from the Tennessee iver and its tributaries. These are : — " adropterus aurantiacus. Itk'ostoma) cinerea. Jheostoma) tessellata, ntbonotus vulneratus. itlionotus rufiliueatus. ccilichthys jessioe. ( Lepiopomus) bombifrous. Alburnops spectrunculus. Ilydrophlox lacertosus. Phoxinus flammeus. Episema leucioda. Ceratichthys monachus. is we go from the Alabama to the Tennessee, we note au increased niblauce in the lishfaiina to that of the Ohio aud Upper ^Mississippi jon. The following are some of the Northern or Western types lied:— pplesinmj Etheostoma, Pceeilichthys, Labidesthcs. Zygonccten (proper), mia, Jlcmitrcmia, ChroHomm, Phoxinus^ rUwopharynj; QuaHHilahia. COTTIDiE. Genus POl^AMOCOTTUS Gill 1. POTAMOCOTTUS MERIDIONALTS (Qit'ard) QUI. om Chickamaiiga Kiver. Also a single specimen from the Cave |iiif,' at Cumberland Gap. Abundant in the French Broad Kiver land in the Ilolston. ETlIEOSTOMATIDil^]. Genus PERCINA IMdeman. 2. PEKOINA (^APIIODKS (ii«/.) Urd. >^»n'» !iomlly ubuuduiit iu clear atreauis. • m^ M 68 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY —III. ■d'k/*. ,Vi\ U fi #.' t-jil \ 1 r.,l < 4 •» », ^ 19 « » J •* ., « '*", '-ci ,;^ f ^ f\' 1 1 . \ ^ ' 1*^ K * . V4 ^ 1>\ ■1,* ' ' J * *'; .';*^.r*J 1 \ \ i * t--. V • -i •*l it i * * * . • r ' J • ..v. ■♦ *r-s ( > fc t* . ' • ^ «.\ ., • » f * i 1 .-.its -.1 m mm .It . fe-r ■V I , 62 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. >.. OYPRINODONTIDJ]. Genus XENISMA Jbrf^aw. 30. Xenisma oatenatum {Storer) Jordan. Originally described from Florence, Ala. It is abundant in the Elli Clinch, and Holston in clear waters. Genus ZYGONECTES Agassiz. 31. Zygonectes notatus {Raf.) Jor. ^>c scribed by Dr. Storer from Florence, Ala., under the name of Pa?cilj olivacea. This species prefers still, deep waters. E80CID^. r Genus ESOX LinncBus. ,, - , 32. Esox (CRASSUS Agassiz). A species is recorded by Professor Agassiz under the name of E\ crassus. The description is iusuPacient and the species is at pres unrecognized. ^ HYODONTIDzE. Genus HYODON Le Sueur. . , 33. Hygdon selenops Jordan & Bean. vu Gei 35. DoRoso: The " Gizzard Shac Genus 36. Salveli: iriiis species occurs i Jack Mountain, and in DXorth Carolina. In bries of the Holston. ^ands in the headwt lifes, on the authority < katers of the Chatt iGeorgia". Genus 37. Cam fwywhere abundant. *efoot of Black Moun The original type of this species came Irom the Tennessee KiveB^^^pfcimens are brilli* Chattanooga. Hyodon tergisua doubtless also occurs in the lower coWor phosphorescent asl of the river. CLUPEID^. Genus POMOLOBUS Rqfinesque. 34. POMOLOBUS OHBYSOCnLOBIS Rqf. Abundant in the channel of the Lower Tennessee. G^enus H^ 38. Hyborhy ^merous 8pecimeu3 frt ^'"•«-il)lo that we have t^ PISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 63 DOROSOMATIDJl. Genus DOROSOMA Bafinesque. 35. DOROSOMA CEPEDIANUM HETERUBUM {Rnf.) JoT. The " Gizzard Shad " is abundant in the Lower feuuessee. SALMONID^. Genus SALVELINUS jRic/iar^sow. 36. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitehill) QUI & Jor. Ibis species occurs in abundance in Swannanoa River, at the foot of (ack Mountain, and in all clear tributaries of the French Broad in West- iXorth Carolina. In Southwestern Virginia, ii occurs in certain trib- iries of the Holston. In Eabun County, in Northeastern Georgia, it ounds in the headwaters of the Little Tennessee. Professor Cope ites,on the authority of Dr. Hardy, of Asheville, that it "occurs in the idwaters of the Chattahoochee, oa the south slope of the AUeghanies, |Georgia". / Z'^:2Jct oYPRiNiDj]. ;:r:;': ;/',,. ,_'..:^ Genus OAMPOSTOMA ^/7«55i^. 37. Campostoma anomalum (Baf.) Ag. Yar. prolixum 8tor(}r. Iverywhero abundant. In the clear pools of the Swannanoa River, lliefoot of Black Mountain, this flsh is extremely abundant, and the ^e specimens are brilliantly colored, so that they appear to be lumi- lor phosphorescent as one looks down on them through the crystal |er. Genus HYBORHYNCHUS Agassu. 3S. HYBORHYJUCnva NOTATVS (Raf.) Agasaiz. Iiiiierous specim&u3 from the Chickamauga River. These are nar- rlicaded than the commoa Western form {H. auperciliosua Cope) pant the barbel, which is usually distinct on the latter. It is not lobable that we have two distinct species. < \ ^H^. ■•n, ft i '•S * * ' * fi "l^/^^ .'V « ' J t ' J, i"" t ■< « i-'* ^ 64 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMFRICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. IP- 4- ■ ti}^ ^ ffj: : '.: -::<:f iiH"-^' Genus LUXILUS Bqfinesque. 39. LuxiLUS CORNUTUS {Mitch.) Jor. Abundant in every stream examined. 40. LuxiLus coccoGENis (Cope) Jor. Abundant in everj'^ stream examined. Genus PHOTOGENIS Cope. 41. PnoTOGENis GALACTUEUS {Cope) Jor. Abundant in every stream examined. Genus HYDROPHLOX Jordan. 42. HYDROPHLOX RUBRIOROCEUS {Cope) JoT. Described by Professor Cope from tributaries of the Ilolstou. It pr^ fers boisterous mountain-streams. 43. HYDROPHLOX LACERTOSUS {Copc) Jor. Described from the Holston. Genus ALBURNOPS Girard. 44. ALBURNOPS MICROSTOMUS {Baf.) Jor. Minnilm microstomna Raf. Hyhopsis longiceps Cope. Obtained by Professor Cope in tributaries of Clinch River. 45. ALBURNOPS SPECTRUNCULUS (Cope) Jor. Obtained by Professor Cope in the Holston and French Broad. , • Genua Kvismix Cope £ Jordan. 46. Episema leuoioda Cope. Foand by Professor Cope in the Holston and French Broad. Genus NOTROPIS Bajinesque. (ybtropia et Minnilus Raf. ; Alburnellua Girard.) ^ 47. NOTROPIS ATHERINOIUES Eof. From tributaries of Clinch River. FISHES OP THE TfcNNESSEE BASIN. 65 48. NoTROPis microjl»teeyx {Cope) Jor. From tribataries of the Holston and Clincb. 49. NoTROPis PHOTOGENis {Cope) Jor. (SqualiuB photogenis Cope; Photogenia leucopa Cope.) Abundant in tbe French Broad Kiver. 60. NoTROPis TELESCOPUS (Cope) Jor. Ilolston and French Broad Eivers {Cope). Also abundant in Elk [River, if our specimens are correctly identified, this is a true Notropis. jWe find it not easily distinguishable from ^. jM/tofo^fnis. 51 Notropis LiRus Jorrfan. This little species abounds in both the Elk and the Chickamauga. Genus HEMITREMIA Cope. 52. Hemitremia viTTATA Cope. Described from Ihe Holston Kiver near Knoxville. Genus CHROSOMUS Bafinesque. 53. Chrosomus erytueogastbr Eaf. I Recorded by Professor Agassiz from Eluntsville, Ala. We have seen ) specimens from the Tennessee River. Genus PHOXINUS Bafinesque. a ^,j 54. PnoxiNUS FLAMMEUS Jordan & Oilbert. ' Itdan, Man. Vert. E. U. S. ed. 2d, p. 303. Avery distinct species, resembling " G'i/a" margarita (Cope). but with |e short lateral line of P. neogceus Cope. [Body stout, rather more slender and more compressed than in P. Wns, the form being nearly that of G. margarita. Depth 4 in length, wit equal to the length of the head. (Head short and deep, smaller than in neogwvs, the upper outline Med, the muzzle quite blunt and rather short. Eye rather large, ill bead, longer than snout. Mouth small, oblique, the lower jaw [ejecting, the intermaxillary in front on the level of the pupil, and the fJillary extending to opposite the front of the orbit. jbles much larger than in P. neogceus, but still quite small, in appear- Bull. N. M. No. 12—5 '■ i-:.'iJ ■ I '*■ Mm : ] rS '» i\i i:'' ■!'■ !!i «:i!^4:.;i^ :M^. ill:;'!-! 66 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. ance 8'niilar to those of the vspecies of Gila ; dorsal and ventral regions scaled ; 7-43-5. Lateral line short, decurved, not reaching to base of veutrals, on only 14 scales. Teeth 2, 4-5, 2, as in P. neogceus, without masticatory surface. Fins small : dorsal well behind ventrals : pectorals reaching nearlyl to ventrals, the latter to vent. D. 1, 8, A. I, 8; the latter fin rather hifjh, Coloration that of the 8|)ecies of CUnostomus, especially C. inargarim (which species, having the lateral line wanting on the last three toeigbtj scales, might jjcrhaps with propriety be referred to Phoxinus). Back dark, the scales profusely punctate: a dusky band formed o^ dark specks along the sides: cheeks pearly: space below lateralline silvery ; in the type-specimen flushed with rich scarlet-red. Length of type 2J inches. A single specimen taken in Elk River, at Estill Springs, in corapan] with Gila estor, which species it much resembles in color. Phox'um flamnieus bears the same relation to P. niogatis that Gila esfor does t| the small scaled Gila clongata. Genus GILA Baird & Girard. (Subgenus CLINOSTOMUS Girard.) 55. Gila estor Jordan & Brayton. Jordan, Man. Vort. ed. 2d, p. 300. A large and handsome species, related to G. elongaia and G.prorig^ but well distinguished from both. Body elliptical-elongate, rather deep and cotnpressed; the caiKJ j»eduncle long. Greatest depth 4J in length. Head very long and iiir| o^ in length ; flattish above, but not wide. Mouth exceedingly liiij very oblique, the premaxillaries anteriorly on the level of the pupil, maxillary extending to opposite the middle of the orbit, and the lenj of the gape of the mouth a little more than half the length of tbehi; Lower jaw decidedly the longer. Eye quite large, less than snout, 4 in head. Scales small, but large for the genus, their outlines well defined, e^ cially above, 8-50-5. Lateral line strongly decurved ; about 23 sc on the back anterior to the dorsal fin. Fins high. Dorsal I, 8, well behind ventrals, its first ray nearer caudal than the snout. Anal I, 8, short and high. Pectorals fa^ just short of ventrals, the latter just short of vent. Teeth 2, 4-5, 2. pis: Color dark olive r lis usual in this genus [A broad shade of det jllie belly is bright cri Length of largest [from the Elk River s freesboro'. This strik pr. Both those sp lateral line in elongata kerent, the two lattc llie anterior half of wl }ucli more elongate, ai \G. estor. The distin, m qnestiouable. Genus 1 50. NOTEMI Common in stm water Genui 57. P] jKatber common in the U from the French B Virginia. Genus ^S. Rhi ( a's specie s is ibundan Genus C 50. CeraI l-undant iu Chickama Istou. CO. Ceratict 'Iftained in Elk River. FISHES OF THE TENNESSEE BASIN. 67 Color dark olive above, with a bluish lustre, many scales darker, as usual in this genus. Sides somewhat silvery. No dark lateral band, broad shade of deep rose color along the sides, bolow which most of le belly is bright crimson, the red colors brightest antoriorly. Length of largest specimens about 4 inches. Numerous specimens om the Elk Eiver at Estill Springs, and from Stone River at Mnr- eesboro'. This striking species resembles most O. elongata and G.pro- pr. Both those species have much smaller scales (70 to 75 in the iteral line in elongata^ CO to 05 in proriger). The coloration is likewise ifferent, the two latter species having a dusky band along the sides, lie anterior half of which in elongata is red in spring. G. elongata is luch more elongate, as is also 0. proriger. The mouth appears largest a Q. estor. The distinction between G. proriger and G. elongata is per- aps questionable. Genus NOTEMIGONUS Rafinesque. 50. NOTEMIGONUS CHEYSLOLEUOUS {Mit.) Jor. 'ommon in still waters in the Tennessee Basin. Genus PHENACOBIUS Coije. - 57. Phenacobius uranops Cope. ' Rather common in the Elk and Chickamauga Itivers. A few speci- m from the French Broad. Originally described from the Holstoa Virginia. ' . . :■ r;j Genus RIIINICHTHYS AgassU '"' 58. llHiNiCHTHYS OBTUSUS Agasstz. {Ilhinichthyshipr.tus Cope.) ' this specit s is ibuudant in all clear rocky brooks and in outlets of lugs. ; :: Genus CERATICIlTllYS Baird. ^ * \ 59. CEHATionTHYS MONACH us Cope. bmidant in Chickamauga Eiver. Originally described from the |tou. GO. CERATICnTHYS DISSIMILIS (Kirf.) CopC. Italned in Elk River. "5'^^ »•-.;*.•; r.H*-' ^.t '1 «i « * >'• ¥ » "f " VJ >. e) Jo>*. {I'lychottomuit eoUapKuii Cope.) Obtained by Professor Cope in Clinch River, and by us in the (1i| aoiauga. 66. MYXOSTOMA MACBr.^EPiDOTrM vvqvF.ami (Le S.) Jor. From the ITolston, Cliricb, French Broad, and Chickamaugji. i'a bly generally abundant. , , , , wareasyetuustudit GomiH ]] 73. Rn pcorded by Professor . Oonu8 ICI 74. Iciithj '■'y abundant in the Te '■•Vt- FISHES OP THE TLNNESSEE BASIN. 69 Genus PLACOPHARYNX Cope. 07. Placophabynx carinatus Cope. This large spec ■ js is tbo common " Red Horse" of the FreucU Broad. tmuch resen ' ^ the precediug, but bus u much larger mouth aud ips, besides Vhe cliflfereut deutiliou. Genus ERIMYZON Jordan. 08. Eeimyzon sucetta {Lav.) Jor. Obtpiued iu Clinch Kiver. Genus MINYTKEMA Jordan. 09. MiNYTEEMA MELANOPS {Raf.) Jor. Obtained by Professor xVgassiz at Huiitsville, Ala. Genus CATOSTOMUS Le Sueur. 70. CATOSTOMUS NIOUIOANS Le S. Very abuudaut throughout the Teuuessee Basin. 71. Cato.^jomus commeksoni {Lac.) Jor. ICrfnerally abundant. Genus CARPIODES Rafiucsque. 72. Carpiodes bison Agamiz. Ibwei Tennessee Iliver {Cope.) The Dubalichthi/intv of the Tenuessee |ver are as yet unstudied. Genus BUBALICIITIIYS Agassis. 73. BunALiciiTHYS URUS Agassiz. Pecorded by Professor Agassiz from the Teunesseo llivor. SI^UIUD^.. ^ Genua TOTITIIyELURUS liafmcsquc. 74. IciirnvELURUS PUNOTATiis (/^f/.) Jor. ^ ,j Kv abundant in the Tennessee Uiver. 1 * /■■■'■• '; '■'■.. r .<\ "■ ' 'J. it ,; « ■t.-v, ■'■»*, Vv' V. ■ ^ ' > . ■ •■ tl . ». • r n ^ r^--.-- ;-^-;v i|; :. '•■■ ■;' jj 1 , "•• *■ ••! ' ,"'" ■ |- r' ; '*' ,■ i " • ■vV III: h'.. p ' " *■ •■■ ■s ■ m f . V ■ r W-^ ,:i \ ' ^ ':■ .' f» 1 ■ , '■' ■« ■ ^ ■■';;,- ^i . : ii ?:;.. i 'I' . 1 ;■ ii ,-■"■ i- ' t .',,.. 11, 1 . . ' |fl':' ■' 70 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICnTHYOLOGY — III. Genus AMIURUS Hafinesque. 75. Amiurus natalis {Lc S.) Gill. Var. cupreus {Raf.). Rather abundant in Tennessee Eiver. Other species of this genu J are doubtless common ; but they have not been distinguished. Genus PELODICHTHYS Bafmesqiie. 70. PELODICHTHYS OLIVARIS {Eaf.) Gill cC' Jor. Abundant in the channels of the larger streams. Several specinic; from the French Broad. ft Tliis species probably occurs in the channels of all the streams iik n. tioned iu this paper; but, from its habits, it is not easily taken with; small net. Genus NOTURUS Bafmesqiie. .77. NoTURUS ELEUTHERUS Jordan. Xoturns deutherua Jokdan (1B77), Ann. Lyo. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 372. The type-specimen of this species was from Big Pigeon Kivor, ij Cocke County, Tennessee, near its junction with the French BroiKJ ]\Iany other specimens have since been obtained in Tar liiver, ^oiti Carolina. ANGUILLID^.. Genus ANGUILLA Thunherg. 78. Angitilla vulgaris Fleming. PISH] Gee 80 Generally abuudat 81. J From Huutsviile, I Gei 82. A( flimtsville^ AU. (Af) 83. Ac I From Uuntsvillo, Al Genu 84. [Abundant in the rivei VII.— WATI pxty five species are |«'r. Of these, f„rty.s ''•^■iT, *. e., in the vi(: ptiMioKiver, at.Murfn the streams farther south. AMIII)^. Nof the stream, tljirt; Eels occur in Tennessee River, though rather less abundantly tLanBif j/i tijj, So,m, y ,. ''"'"t the Falls iind in ^itiibi.tarie.sinKentui 'common to both th,- N dimnenct's betwet my very small, if hji f) existing are jirobab •"fi'ig the lower part < ["fllieCnmberland. PParingJheCumDeih Genus AMI A Linn .,5. •it: • 5? ■ i ! ''I , * ' . .1' :'. , * : "•" >, « , . .■ . \ J . ■ ' ■ - ■ " u. ..' <'^/^-v;i..i ■■%■ ■;t;'^r.: ■' .'■■^ "I. < »' •• ■ . I ll'l"'',T mmmmmmm 1 !;, >! :-!W1 '■^ 'm l;| • -P"! f. i Iiiiri' i: 72 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. auce of one or two Southern types will be noticed, as will be the appear ance of certain forms abundant in the basin of the Ohio. Of these latter may be noticed PoecilichtJiys variatus, Apomotift, Lythrtirus, and Pimepln. les. But two species, both Darters, are at present known only from the Cumberland River. These are Ulocentra atripinnia and Nothonotus mn-l guifluus. The National Museum is indebted to the kindness of Professor Wju. chell for the following interesting — List of Fishes of Nashville, as given by a Fisherman, Daniel A. Birchett^tA A. Winchell. Fl * 1. Po] From Cumberlan "PEKCn TRIBE.'^ Sun Perch. Coon Perch. White Pel ch. Black Perch. Ked Perch. Speckled Perch. Brama Perch. Bass or Kock Bass. "TROUT TRIBE.'' White Trout. Black Trout. "SUCKI3R TRIBE." White Sucker. Spotted Sucker. Hog Sucker. Red Elorse, creeks and river. Black Horse. Carp, creeks and river. Mullet. "BUTFALO TUIBE.'* White Buflalo. Blue Butfalo. »* OAT TRIBE." It .; Yellow Cat. Blue Cat. Ni^gger lip Cat. Chisel-head Cat. Kerkin Cat. Shovel-bill Cat. "minnow TRIBE." Silver Side. Stone Toter. Horny Head. White Roacli. Creek Mullet. Steel Back. MISCELLANEOUS. Thunder Head. Drum. •lack. Chover. White Chover. Gizzard Shad. Skip Jack. Tooth Herring. Sand Pike. Pike. Top Witer (several species). Gar. Sturgeon. ~ Eel. Lamprey Eel. Abundant. G 3. Alvokd From the Rock Cai « 4. Alvordius From the Cumberlii -ting' species are in Kaiisiis. I have othe ^rom Illinois River. Gem 5. Dip South Fork of thq C «| 4 FISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. ^ 73 ., r COTTID^. ' Genus POTAMOCOTTUS (?i??. ^ , 1. POTAMOCOTTUS MERIDIONALTS {Grd.) Gill. From Cumberland lliver at Niishville. " - ETHEOSTOMATID^. Genus PERCINA Haldeman. • 2. Percina caprodes {Raf.) Grd. AbuudnDt. Genus ALVOllDIUS Girard. 3. Alvordius maculatus (Girard) Cope d' Jordan. From the Rock Castle and Cumberland at various points. 4. Alvordius puoxocepualus [Kehon) Cope ■•. ■ ' ■ ■'! h/.^r 74 CONTBIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III. Genus NOTHONOTUS Agassis. 8. NoTHONOTUS CAMURUS [Cope) Jor. Professor Cope's tj^pes were from the South Fork of the Curuberland. We have seen others from White River in Indiiina, ant? from Malioninrrl lliver and other streams in Ohio. This species is not identical withi Nothonotus maculatus Ag. {Etheostoma maculata Kirt.), as has been suiij posed. Ifothonotus maculatus has a pointed instead of rounded snout; itsj jaws are equal ; its mouth is larger, the body is more compressed, ai)(l| its dorsal tin more elevated, the soft rays when depressed reacLiugtol the caudal. Specimens in the National Museum, collected in Mahoning River hj Professors Baird and Kirtland, show the following characters : — Body moderately elongated, very deep, strongly compressed, d<'pth 4% in length. Head 4 in length, the jaws equal, the mouth liirj;e, Eye 4| in head. Spinous dorsal with a long base, larger than solt dori sal, the spines high, the two fins slightly connected. Sortdois;dd( vated, the longest rays when depressed reaching base of caiulal, tlij caudal peduncle very short and deep. Caudal tin short and romuln Anal somewhat smaller than second dorsal. Pectorals and ventral! moderate. Scales not large, C8 to CO in the lateral line, which is contiiiiioi!s| cheeks naked : opercles scaly. Fin rays : Dorsal XII-13 ; A. II, 8. An elaborate colored drawing of a male fish in life colors, in tli Smithsonian Institution, shows the following features of colomtiuj As wo have never seen this species in life, wo cannot vouch for tliej accuracy : — Back olive ; belly becoming yellowish. Sides and back proUm speckled with carmine-red, the blotches rather less than the sizool t| eye, not round, nor arranged in rows. Dorsal tin with a dull red stripe at base, a brown interval, tlniil bright red stripe, finally margined with white. Second doisid d^ brown at base, then a broad red stripe; a broad marginal biindj white. Caudal similarly tricolor, chiefly crimson, with a broad diisj band at base and u wide white band at the tip. Anal chiefly (!iinis( with a teruiinal band of white. Pectorals and ventrals nearly plij Head olivaceous. FISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 75 0. NOTHONOTUS SANGUIFLUUS ( Cope) Jor. from the South Fork of the Cumberlaud in Tennessee {Cope). Genus BOLEOSOMA BeKai/. • . 10. BOLEOSOMA MACULATUM ylf/. From the Rock Castle liiver. Genus PCECILICHTHYS Agassi-. 11. PCECILICHTHYS VARIATUS {Kirt.) Aff. [From the South Fork of the Cumberlaud liiver {C.ipc). Genus ETHEOSTOMA Bafincsque. 12. ETHEOSTOMA FLABELLABE Itaf. JAbuiidaut iu the mountain tributaries of the Cumberland. peroidj:. Genus STIZOSTETHIUM Rafinesque. 13. StIZOSTETIIIUM SALM0NEU3I Itaf. |Oae or two small specimens from the Rock Castle River. CENTRARCHIDJ]. Genus MICROPTERUS Lacepede. 14. MiCROPTERUS PALLIDUS [Ruf.) G. fic J. Illie" White Trout", as i ' species is often ctilliHl, is common in the liberhind. It is said that this species and the next were not found pre Ihu falls until introduced. 15. MiCROPTERUS SALMOIDES {Lac.) GUI. lie "Black Trout" occurs with the preceding, and is still more abun- Genus AMBLOPLrrES iea///r'.s/7«(?. 10. Ambloplites rupestkis {Raj.) Gill. Iverywhere abundant. , v ^ ■ '■' ■;.S "I- ■. ,.■ ..r:/^;' c^ « mm- > ii' If:! n- ■ ■ k ■h fir Hi ^'> 1 ri 'i ' 'I I I'll--' ' it' 11', I i :! I' ,i I 1 Ii '?!.«,: 76 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Genus APOMOTIS -Ra/wes^we. 17. Apomotis cyanellus {Baf.) Jor. Abuiidaut in the Cumberland River at Nashville. Genus LEFIOFOMUS Bafincsque. 18. Lepiopomus pallidus (Ifif.) dill d; Jordan. Very abundant in the Cumberland. 19. Lepiopomus obscurus {Agassiz) Jor. Collected by Professor Winchell in the Cumberland River at Xa^ ville. I ., , Genus XENOTIS Jbr(?aw. 20. Xenotis megalotis {Raf.) Jor. Abundant in the Cumberland River. Genws FOM.OXYS Bafinesque. 21. POMOXYS NIGROMACULATUS {Le S.) Ord. Collected by Professor Winchell at Nashville. , 22. POMOXYS ANNULARIS Raf. From the Cumberland at Nashville. SCIiENIDJ]. ' Genus IIAPLOIDONOTUS Bojlncsque. 23. riAPLOIDONOTUS GRUNNIENS Rof. Abundant in the river-channel. [ ^'' II Mu ' I ATHERINlDiE. Genus LABIDESTHES Cope. ' 24. Labidesthes siccuLus Cope. Abundant in Stone River at Murfreesboro'. This intereatiiij; cies was named by Raflnesque in 1832 Zonargyra virescens. Tliisl name was, however, not accompanied by a description, and tbei^ cannot bo employed. FISHES OF THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 77 CYPRINODONTIDJl. Genus XENISMA Jbrf?a«. ^ 25. Xenisma catenatum (Storer) Jordan. ' ' ' " ' [Collected by Professor Winchell in streams about Nashville Genus ZYGONECTES Agassis. 26. Zygonectes notatus [Raf.) Jor. iFrom Cumberland and Stone Rivers. Rafinesque's original speci- jeos were from the Cumberland at Williamsburg. HYODONTIDJ^.. Genus HYODON Le Suour. 27. Hyodon tergisus Le Sueur. ibimdant in the Cumberland. ' 28. Hyodon selenops Jordan S Bean. ho or three specimens in the National Museum from Cumberland per. - ■: -. f ..;: ■' : ■. ' . ' ■ CLUPEIDiE, Genus FO^iOLOBX]^ Bofmesque. 29. PoMOLOBUS cnRYSOCHLORis Rcjinesque. Hbuudant in the Lower Cumberland. DOEOSOMATIDJl. (j^enus DOROSOMA Rafincsque. 30. DoRosoMA cepedianum ueteuurum {Ro/.) Jor. Ikndant in the Lower Cumberland. CYPRINIDJ]. r Genus CAMPOSTOMA J.7«5se>. . 31. CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALU3I {Raf.) Ag. Nudnut. ^l[ — » .Ml in . " vr t • ' - < » • ' V ' '' •'4 . " ■- * . ( •• 't •f ' •■ ' ''J , 41 \ .* r i ." >-^! ■*. ) ^'^ I' >M . Hil rrl :l'^ 78 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Genus PIMEPHALES Rqfinesque. ^ 32. PiiiEPHALES PIIOMELAS Bafiuesquc. Collected by Professor Wincbell in tributaries of the Cumberland. Genus HYBORHYNCHUS Agassis. 33. HYBonnvNcnus notatus (Raf.) Ag. Abundant everywhere in the Cumberland. Genus LUXILUS Bajinesque. 34. LuxiLUS CORNUTUS IMU.) Jordan. Exceedingly abuudant everywhere. Genus PHOTOGENIS Cope. 35. Photogenis galaott'bus (Cope) Jor. V ery abundant everywhere in the Cumberland. Some specimens froj Nashville have the caudal flu pale red. This species does not 8eeni| occur iu the Ohio. The quotations from that river were founded erroneous identifications. 30. Photoghnis analostanus {Grd.) Jor. From the Cumberland at Nashville. Genus ALBURNOPS Ghard. 37. ALBURNOPS MICROSTOMUS {Rdf.) Jor. From the South Fork of the Cumberland {Cope). Genus LYTHRURUS Jordan. 38. Lythrurus ardens (Coj^e) Jor. Very abundant everywhere in Cumberland Kiver. Oueof tlienij charcteristic species, as it apparently does not occur either iu tlieKJ tucky or the Tennessee. Genus NOTROPIS Bafinesque. 39. NoTROPis ATnERiNOiDES(Kl ■■ • .',: f .■ •I rim I a ilk I \l\ 80 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICIITHYOIOOY — III. Genus SEMOTILUS Bajinesque. 50. Semotilus corporalis {Mit.) Put. From Kock Castle River. s CATOSTOMID^. Genus MYXOSTOMA Rafmesque. 51. MYXOSTOMA MACROLEPIDOTUM DUQUESNII {Le S.) Jor. Common in the Cumberland. Genus ERIMYZON Jordan. 52. Erimyzon sugetta {Lac.) Jor. From the Cumberlaud at Nashville and fiom the Kock Castle. Genus MINYTREMA Jordan. 53. MiNYTREMA MELANOPS {Raf.) Jor. From the Cumberland at Nashville. Genus CATOSTOMUS Le Sueur. 64. CATOSTOMUS NIGRICANS Le 8. Common in the Cumberlaud. 55. CATOSTOMUS OOMMERSONI (Lac.) Jor. Very common in the Cumberland. « Genus CYCLEPTUS Bafinesque. 50. Cycleptus elongatus {Lc 8.) Ag. From the Cumberland at Nashville. This species is known as •' B| Horse", " Gourd-seed Sucker", and " Missouri Sucker". Genus CARPIODES Bafinesque. 57. Carpiodes cutisanserinus Coj^e. From the Cumberland Eiver at Nashville. nm Genus 58. Ice T'ery abundant. Gei 59, [Colleofed at Nashvil CO. A: [From the Falls of th( Genus I CI. Pelodk [Froin (he Rock Castle ■Falls. Genuj 62. ap pmmon in the Cum! [ckCastleatthGraoutl I Genus L 63. Lei Ntlie Cumberland ai P( , Genus 64. Po «»! tbe Cumberland R Bull. N. M. No. 12- FISIFES OP THE CUMBERLAND BASIN. 81 SILURIDJE. Genus ICHTII^ELURUS Rafmesque. 58, ICIITn^LURUS PUNCTATUS (_Rof.) Jor. Very abundant. Genus AMIURUS Rafinesqiie. 59. Amiurus NAT alts {Le S.) Gill. 'ollected at Nashville by Professor WinchoU. 60. Amiurus nigricans {Lc S.) Gill ;om the Falls of the Cimiberland. Genus PELODICHTHYS Rafmesque. CI. Pelodichtiiys olivaris [Rof.) Gill & Jor. From the Rock Castle at Livingston, and from the Cumberland below el' Falls. ANGUILLIDJ5. Genus ANGUILLA Thunherg. 63. Anguilla vulgaris Fleming. ""Kommon in the Cumberland. A very large specimen taken ia the |tk Castle at the raouth of Ilonnd Stoce River. LEPIDOSTEIDJl. Genus LEPIDOSTEUS Lacepede. 63. Lepidosteus osseus (i.) Ag. from the Cumberland at Nashville. POLYODONTIDiE. ' Genus POLYODON LacrpMe 64. PoLYODON folium ^^ LttO.^ Din the Cumberland River. ' , ,. J.W~ ^ • i ; J , ' Bull. N. M. No. 12—0 ^ ^^■■■^^r:^^-^^^'--^ J 1 ' v> '"')*' P9MI %m f» I ^4 V -i f'f X ks'- /I • V \' 7%^ ■ > < '■" ■>'^''^>^'' M-'^V, N ,.'•■■'>• ' ;' 82 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. '- 3( IP' ),. I. in 1. EECAPITULATION. TIjo *^ol!owing table shows tlie distribution of the species in thoscvcj river basins especially treated in this paper. For purposes of coriip son, I have introduced the results of Professor Cope's exploratioiisj the Koanoke, James, Neuse, and Great Pedee, of Prof. Forlns iin Mr. Nelson in the Illinois, and of myself and others in the Oh.o. few unvcriQed species have been introduced, but all doul)tlul quotation ant'c*e.s in the Different Hirer I', (Wn + I Lota laciistriK, (\\'iilb)GUt I'iitatiM>(:iillii.s ni('riili) Ag lUit Dinio Itii. lilinuiolilcH, (Uaf ) Jor ripi'Hiiiin »'imit' •! w I'ainliphthyi* viirltitiM, (Kirt.) Ag I'lcri'iclith^tH'tM'OtaliiUii, \g <. .. a 2 'J ' Xi + Mi, N\V. I- 1 W. sw. swJ \A'- * Joat r»0rtvtd tnm MMTfOHwrjr, At* [ra'filfclitliysjesslie.J. &b... jiEiliiuHtoma) tf88.-llata, Stor. . kllii'<)8t(.iiia) i'iimica, Stor itaistoiuasqiiamicepg, Jor.. artistoiiiaflaljollaro, IJaf. ... '"■'"■*'""" ''Hfolatiiin, (Ag.) J Willi)8e„8, Jor. &CoptI.. ilflrl]|livHel(.j:an8, Gid riill«Dtii can. lira, (Forh.'g) Jor r'pircapmiemlattt, l>i,in... rannieiicaiia, Soliran.k.... iMsliiliium vifreuiii, (Hit.) j. iwtflliiuiii f-aliiioiKMiiu, Kaf . fo»tel.'.im„ raua.iPDBo, (.c,„i,|i usclir,V8(.p.s, (i>;,f.)(ji J __ niio iiileiTiipta, Gill MlKrtiH pallidus, (Raf.) q.'^ ™l'lmi8Halmoi,l,.«. ,Lac.)(i,l "'■"'"''""'I" Mis, (ilair.l) c, '"P it.'H nipeBtris. (Rar.)Gill J"l'liti'8 cavifrons, Copo ni'liryttiis «iil„.,„«, ^Q ^ y ^\ ."lirvttiis .-iri.iis, (0 i V'.) J wiiH 0-811. l.liiH, (Haf.) c. & .f ! IH'imis pallidum, (Hit.) o.t "P..nm,s nl„p„n,8, (Ar.) Jor. 'I'liimis isciiyriiH ,j ,j. jf 'ixiinimauritim, (I,.) RaC.. •I^iimm iiiHcnM-liiriiH, R«f . '"'""""" ""ngallluna, Copt, ''l"'imi«) IxmiMCrcuK, An •""'••KaloilM, (i;ai.),;or.. 'li»aiirH(ilim, Jor •'"'.vHinicliJorlH. J«r.....^ "«l"HRilpti,H. (All.) Jor.' '"Htasips, ((;o,„,j,,„^ 'ii«MiiKiiliiol,.MtiiH. (,\g.)jor. I'f'pliK''') iiotatno. A;: ""tUpulliiliiH, (,Vk.)(}. A.I """'""'"■"<', (Wall,) (,.4-j "i!li"Hp|„ni,t,.r,(». t.r. >i'lliii«i„,„j,,,,,„j^ ,j,ll ^1 1'I"<'H sliiiiilniiH. Copn Mill" 111 .oim,(|,a„.)(;, 4 y 'J"liiiHii,aoiopt.,ru^(Uo.),T„r """''■■"•"""•'■'■li'tHH. (U8)(JrJ r»nniMit«r «, Raf "■"""" KMiiiiilKni., Raf. '"'"fi'K^i.vnmii., (Giiii,,,,,,) i,,,j 'I'w.tann. (KIrt ) Jor '"'« Mrcnln«, Copo .. DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES. 83 faVJe showing the Distribution of the Species in the Different Riva--Basins — Continued. rifd|iclillij'8 Jesslip, J. &. B ostiiiuii) tcsmllatft, Stor EllioostDiiia) ciimrcii, Stor [ibeipsloiuii squamict^pg, Jor ostniiia fltiliollaro, Itnf •imia lincolatum, (Ag.) Jor itli,\s ecif), Jor. &. Cupel itliys t'ln<:an8, Gitl [lillmiliicainura, (Forbes) Jor ipcrca piiiictiilata, I'liln iiamericana, Scliraiick Msli'tliium vitrt>iiiii, (Xlit.) J. & C lun^i'tliiiini isahnoneiiui, Kaf isleiliimii oauatloDBO, (?niilli) Jor . .. iij clir.vsops, (Uaf.) Oil mi) iiilernipla, (iill itniptcruH palliduH, (Kaf.) O. &;.T icroplfruH HalmoiilPH, (Lac.) Gill llinrcbiis poiiioiis, (rtuiiil) Gill liiiip it('» niiiestrln, (Ual.) Gill illi|ilit«'H cavifrons, Copo iiiibiyttus ^nloKiiH, (C. it V.) Gill laibrytttiR >-iri(li-«, ((;. &. V.) Jor miilin cvaii' 'Ins, (llaf.) ('. & J II [HiaiiiH palliiliLs, (Mit.) (i. &. J iiipvimiw nbscnruH, ( Ag.) Jor n|ioimi!< iscli.vrurt, J. & N tii|ii:alBn.) V,. tt V in Inn iiiaeroptoruM, (l,uo.) Jnr >!'< iii.'sroiiiac'iilaliiH. (Lu 8 ) Ord.. .. VK nTiiinlar K, Kaf 4 imotiiH SI iiiiiilunK, Raf liii'iiiHda.VHiiiiR. (Glllliknia) DvKay. iiiuninittnnK, (Klrt ) Jor then hlrcnlus, Cuye + + H- • D < + r + « a + •t- + + )- -I- + + + + + N. N. SW. N. NK. UK. N. N. SW. SW. SE. w. SB. vr. N. N. NK. V. v. ¥ ^•'^. ■;!■>.. •oil' •7,-... •!» j I II i 84 ooNiinmnioNH to nouiu Ahtnnii/^^i inmnvoLooy— m. Table showiii(i the DklriiiiilJuil (\f l\teS^)fi)U» ill l]w lllffnii'lll /llnn-lluiifiis—tHtlilium-, a i i •3 i I 5 i a 1 < i • ... + H + + 4 -(- 1 \ \ 1 ^ + ■♦- ..". + Zyirourclos utrilntiis, J. & B.* Zj(I IllC'Ctl'S jl"'''"^"" ^it Zy;;(Hi\ liuiim, t. ill.. iMriipsiH );att\tUi. A| ailvftiliunli8.|Mlt HUH St Un CorogoiiMs artcdl hIsco, .lut Ilydiliiii icrumiiH, 1,1- rt UnoiIou Ml 'limps, .For. A- Umn DnruHMmii ('<*pi'ilimmin lifiiii iiiiiiii. (Uuf) Jtii' . I'lmiolnbus cliiyMiwlilnris, Uaf '. ( ''imiMtHloniii tiThUDMliiiii (itil*.) Afl 1 ll\li'i;,imlliii« ni';.'.Ti'in«. (iril llyliogniitlitl!) iiiu'linliH, Ag Pinu'phuir* ii'"""''""'. It'll Uvli'ThviK'tnis iHitainn. (Uuf.) An llylHirliyiii'liim Hiipi>r> illotius, Uoim> j;il<'yliilin Imrcala, t'i>p« I.nillH* oornutuii, < Mtt.) .Jor f'iiiilii;,'t>iiii« K«lHrliiniN, (('npe) .Tor I'lil.tiyf'iiiH anali.Hfftiiiio (tlnl ) Jor fhobMrnlit louropUH iT. 4t n 1 t t 1 1 1 ♦ NW. X. N£ fti/rinnr ten atrUatuK, np. imr \ almit, lliick-.i-l Hpi'i'i-, rriatril Ki/, iiiWmo|>« V''>|«>, l*«'y( iin«l H'.'it ...mptcHmil.iRpccl.ill) (nnii lUirly l!n* Irlintli LiKimxifi lf»«nt* «<*« 'TatP, :i| ilini"* In l-xiutli. iiiodfiHtcIv hnwul ami (I ittrn»«il ahnvo, tho tiumth < I iIm> onl^ ^,..-1 I* - ,1 till ««<11 liarh mol.i ifi'ty tllgli, "f .ilxMit H i,iy»; aiml I'ltlitT lli«n th'^>li.r- I willi" ■ ilni quite iiflMtt, n« Mlli.livi'i ii()mriptf ihi< liKity JiiHl nliovo mill si.nrirhrtt In li^mt tif lb« vo«*. ilufKil :iu.l m '\ |i> IJ Imlitii In Iciijitli, iiiMiij (ill (iiiiiili'ii, (Unit lull il Willi n»ii«ii In ij ilmlinot. Tboy W(r« inlifn tiy Mfwrn. Hmyttm onXli;lp| I,., „(.(((,(, ((!,,(, JNiroop.'* clilmcurplialaN, (( .„| |)lii),|/ll.X ll((l)l(li!jiM, J. i (I !"■('''"'« ''/>///(lMi/«(<;,.|M.|i/, LipliliixchroMiijuiB, Jur.... |i!: Iililii.x xa)li(;f,.pl,.,|„„, ,f,„. boplilox lact'itoHiiM, (u p<.) J F"l'» «l'f<:lMliiciiliiH, (Clip, L(Jp«(t((j|(ilm.||«, ((•„., I ,, Lo»I«fl..|C||.,|H, (C,|„),|,||. ^rui/f(im(iM(H|uim|.|, (fiiii I ,1 Vm\n IllMllllllIlM, ,1 4 II »iii«|»» nmaniH (ilnl i Ji,|- b»l')lll(iiM(l.|/,(, (C(i|(i./ ,/„f ^lf'MIIM|.^((. /<»„(„,, J„,. »«ill|i(i|im,J„r . ll^llllllUliH, J. JI il • •♦tiilin, .roi- fc'nu.hhilsilrt, ,Io|-. Ac;i||)(.r «»wi.>« iina,.!,,,. «lwi»>«>,'n \*i,^ llWfttM-' ,^\0l^ ... llti.i,t.\'m, •1% »•♦•.•, ('op^ ^0«»« '•'ii»,.»or. 4aij||,(>rt "^'rt.; Jw •"*k r.J-*l »»''"i»ma.(n.Av.).r«r.. •'»ll.r«IMlBUC»«. (l|J(.,,;^ DISTRIBUTION OF IsrEOIES. 85 hhh nhowhig Ihe DMri'mtion of the Sptchti in the Liffirvnt /J'trcr-ZJosins— Contiiiucd. 'V..\T-,.V;;:4'4^ i 1 + i •A " + I - . i 1 1 f + i i J? i ei 1 - i i i i "i n - ■- + • • + •3 1 6 • 99 General i-anpc. ioj;tni» ulvena, (Cupc) ■/ it iliiD 1 ii(Ci);4( Ills, {{ Ui\w) J.ir. . n.|ibli>Z l'i;lil|i'|(itM'l|i|, iKlijN'l itlil ... armip!* eliloKiccidiuluH, ((..'(i)i(<) .|(ir + 1 + ... ■I- '.!..' ■■ • IiImK lirlipiliiiis. J. 4. \\ ilf.;. i|lll|l|*ti|Hi(,'ii|M>|./ii|' iMplilux cbrusoiiitis, Jor ^iiplilux N£Uii(:ct'|)li.iliiH, iTttr ■ r- 1 t ■■ .. ■ • 1- -1- ... f •- toplilox lai'eitoHus, (C pc) Jur . . . iraiips H|ii'(!ti iiiiciiluH, <(;ii])i ) Jcr iriiups Hli.iiijiqcim, (l-'iiji I ,|iii- iniiipi*rruti|i), |()i;|m)i|u|' IMiilliHiHlMimii llliih .1(11' |W HllillllltlllH, .1 ijk II 1'. iiiaariiH ((liil ( Jul- (lillolpllH, (llrfl.) .|U|' .. .. nilM'ilii,H, (,V|t ) .lor ..,,,. . • rii()ill'|iil|H, (t'ii|Mi| .Inp ,,,,,,,, . .. iinidiipt.'iyx, (I'lipi.) ,1(1(1 ,,..,... wlllWlM*, Ull'il ) ,ttij- ;, ulllp IlKlH, (('ll|ll) JllJ' !x Hiilbl'.i.i, Jor. iMlMCOIIlH, (.'llpl 1 ,|(H' iplmldHtiih (('iipii| i||l(> ..., 'iiKiiiitlDiiH, |(!iipi'; ifiif 1llH.^,(^)^• ,. ,. , 1 iiioiiiliiiii, (IJm|iii/ ifiiC ii|<p)itl|tinit'|it« |lJuiH(tlilUlu( ' iMi.A* iiaiii, ... I a, Hop* :: « >l«n.<''»;H( ......i.. + f 1 • ■ + 4- : i| ' '■• AOilUiwt Iult.).ltw, f* „., 5f. •■I • 1 1 '' - - • • + + ' *■ V ' t-^ * *l.)Jof 4> 4- 4- II. r T. i ' ' "" h:'''*. •-■* C '. ... ; • r hi ..J 8G CONTRIHUTIONS TC NORTH AMERICAN ICIITIlYOLOGi' — 1I[ Table showing the n'mtrihiition of the Specks in the Different Rivcr-Iiasim—Couihmi, ■ TiiiJe "blowing the Dialrihi Ni(linii;;(iiiii.s aiiH'iicaniiH, ([<.) Ji)r riirll;l|iu I'lii'iiiuiiliiiiH iiraiioiis, Cop'j rUi'iiacubiim 8Coi)iliinii(, ( CcriitichtliyHbiiiutUtiiH, (Kirt.) Ualnl SciiiotiliiH hulIuiLs, (Uaf.) Jor SniiiotiluH c)!'!!! nails, (Mil.) I 'ill. Si'iiioli iiH llion'niii.iiiim, tliir ICxi>ul»H'«»u iiiiixillillii){iia, (Ln S.) llaltt ( >iiaBHilaliia lact-ra, J. & B I'lacopliarynx carinat.iiH, (.%kio .M> xiiHtoiiia vital iiiii. (Uaf) <\w MyNoHtooiiinlbiiiii, (Ci>pf)Jor \ Myximionia ci>ir)cJor M> NDstoiiia roiiiiH, (I'oiir) .ror MyxoslDiiia llialLsiimiiii, C'npi') Jor Myxd.tiiiiiia pliliiiUHK, ((Jope) .lor MyxuHtutrri criiHnilabre, (Copn) Jor Myximt iiiacnilitplilotuiM. (Li'S.jJor. ft vnin . MyxiiHloiiia iiiintnliiin, (I.cS ) Jur Myximtuiiiu aiilHiiniiii, (Hal'.) ilor My\"Hliiiiiii I'uryiiprt. Jor MYXoHtoiiia c.itrv Ilium, (Cnpo) Jor M.\ ximtiiiiia p.ipilloHiiiii. (('»pi') Jor MinytriMiia iiirl.iiiopH, (Ilal.) Jor JCrliw.v«on HiiRt'tlu, (Lac.) Jor JCypi'iiti-liiiiii iiiKiii'iitiN, (1,0 H) Jor Hvpi'Uti I ill in I'lowiiiiiiiii, .for Cato-itiiiMtiH com Mil rHoiii, (I.hc.) Jor ('aloRtoiiiiiH loii^JrimirlK, I.kH ryf\t\A\\* -'tonRn'llK, (Lnfl.)Raf Cnrpioili'HilKT.ii'iiilH, r'lipii CarpioibiM cut iHaiiniit limit, Oop«i t'arplo'b'H velllVr. (UrI'.i Att tliirploiluH cyplll!ll^ (Lo 8.) An < itrploilivf biMiiii, Att Cirpiiiili'i* carplii, iltnf.) Jor ItiliibyiibiiH biili.tluK (Ititf. ) Ay: lliibiiltohtiiyii cynDvlluH, (N*iU,) Joi -f- + + + + + + + I i • lid nil" I |' = — 01 H + + + + + :i.': -I + + + NW.i NK. Xffl + ; + ■f-'f -t-;+ jlii'liiliv^ iirii.t, A\i Iltoluiu.s r^iruariiH (0. & V.) C Italiiin.s M)bih.tii8, Jor Il;aliinin piiuctatUM, (Kal) .Im fcirasnibiilu.s, (LoS.) (JiH . .._ tarn iiivrivciif ijH, (Jop;> uiiiiKi.ciu,s, (LoS.) (;ji| .. Lriis uataliH, (LiiS.) (Jill .... Las, citiiH, (I,.) Ciji pisxaiiiliiiciplialiiH, (liaf.) o ianis uii'liM, (Kal) ,]. & (; ir:m laanimiatu.-, (11„H„..) j„ l.ru.sp'al.vccplial.iH, (o,.,|, (jji iBrw lininnniiH, Jop WillOsolivaiiH, (lUiC )(}.&, |nnnllavii.«i l;aC i»i"'i«lii«, (I{iu|,.)(j. & J.. |lin!»«xiliN,N, Jh I'kptacaiiihiiH, Jor |ira-si,ilis, ,Joi- fiiHiuiiirii.s, Jor ■.inelnillii iiiH, Jor pJi viilnarlM, KKim pli'.ia I J MtillH ()8S«1IM, (L.) Aft .... h'l'un platyHtoiiiim, Kaf . Vi|'i»»pa(iila, (La,..).f„|. r'>'"""l""ii' inai'iilomiN, ImH f"||rnary(uitiiiiM, (Kilt.).. miHiiijjer, (IM) Moihliudo, ((Jrd.) Nal P""' "in jibovci taldc »'>i'iii«' iiiiy oiui riv( Mi(!8tri'aiiis for (||,,s |i"i;»'iiii'nr, of riu'Npcci >l"tli(» iari/f». of ti„. , liMalilo: I nfB""»ii ml\ iroiii tli« — piinii DISTRllJUTIOf: OP SPECIE".. 87 TiiWe nhowiiig the Diatribiitioii of the Species in the Differed Rivo'-lianina — ContimiL'd. ,licliili>H iiru«, As fckilun.H r'.irc;iiu» (C. &. V.jGill ... ^taliiriiH i(»biiNtii8, Jor iliituH imiictatUM, (Itaf ) ,I(ir tiinisull)iilus, (I,o S.) (iill Iiiusiiivrlvoutii^, Copn (jiiisiii);' <.''nH, (I.o S.) (iill IIS Uiilalirt, (Lii S.) (Iill Lisias, catiiH, (L.) (iill hitn8xaiilli(>cr()lialiiH, (UaT.) Gill... Eirus imlaH, (liul') J. & C i:i» inariiiiiiatiiH, (llnllir.) .Tor . ... V4 |l'at\>'>i>llalilN, ((iill.) (iill irw liriiiuuMiH, Jor (lilliVHiiliviiiiH, (Ituf) (i.&,r illaviin Kill' iri-iii-igiii.s, (Uicli.) (J. & J >«\ili(*, Ni U Eiiiik'ptacantbim, Jor ii-sl.iIlK, Jor luii'iH, Jor p.«liiiiliirii», .lor ill viiluarlH, Klein f.vn L tl'IW OHhOUM, (L.) A({ ti 111 |iial\Hl(miiiH, liiif i|ii»rt|iutiila, (liiic.) Jor . lli,viu'iio|iHiila',vi'liyia'hiiH,(Ual')''lll' Im iiiliiini, Aiict ^|■l■lllllil!lll|llll«, LoH tS|M'l'i JHstrihutioa <>/ (Jcncra. >! U ri ■iJ 1 ' iS ^ C3 :,' 1. el i ^ ^ 1 C ^ ^ 1 « :: i. □ 8 1 7, i a & ill Ml 1 .^ S ';! O o / •1 " '''■ J tn u. . -J '-> *1 H - ■ - 1 I.oU •)■ 1- •■ ! i ' + + -t- 4- .1. I'ntivmnrottns * ! ' ■{■ •1- \- Tiiui \i)vti\ •• 1 . .,.1 1'iI|;I(iIihN ... A III iiiiicrypta . 1 I'li'iii'(ile|iiM , . .* ..♦. --- . + I 1 Imv* . ■ • + 1 ffiMlBII 1 f + 1 + 1 H^J Alvorillim + "■ i JJ Rrlommiv ' 1 1 :!■ Hinirnnt"i*a«visfi...i... ..: ... i ■t- + + 4 + i lUIUUtdUl'k J Rhnori'vplu ..«. ... 1 . 1 1 ri(K>etilr;i . ■ . . . ... .. + f 1 I>iplr«lnm , 1 1 1 *Ii)A>/ & II I. am. iMv.. i>pi' i'a;gU;»» »>t»w>»> (w. 1*tiiit£«!i>UHiHtii«iluauii)ti(flfritiTi /^ by till" jii »*».«<« (if tw« juml »»|»ii«'H lUftt-pwlot* «•», na4 by (*» tT'^fliter HaUmuof the vniirni Th« DMMu vt ^«iu *i>t. •»> wrrow nr iSart. Ifowtmi ithomilii.H Siliclltli.VH (wtiiiiia ii'blh.vH I^^iillajjtiii* rii|iL'ria .«iiim li'lliiiiiii iiiiitcnm ilil(i|)lili;.'< !ijlliarclii!8 iiiilir.VttiiH ii»(itl« liqioniiiH nlin ilriiiilitoa Us ij'Uistiim Jl'illllllUS iiii|piilc» iiuilln irchiig iiys iiiilimotiia lii'llll'lW in ItCOH blliuu iilun. iJina iWc'Ids ibinia inliriiH . Itlllhiu SHllllyH («r lin^tftrim iIm ^^ m» ^ •raw ^,,., * ...-V-. on "■*vnA Uonlaui), K"" m<>v.: i "' liavftjKthf iipimi Juw pro '< tiii'H tn llii'Mi. rM(iHrtj«. (1; i*'"" VailU,„.„C,'»,.ii., wl...«, t.i I"'H'I rirr)aj«,.ik..., Urn ,j, 1; DISTRIBUTION OF GENERA. 89 ■>< ' ' !, Distribution nf Genera — Uout IIIIUH . • il M 1 + 1- -1 ■1- 1 s a o i 0 + 1- M r. V " •-J 1 1- 1 + 3 -1- ... c." 5 4 1 1- 1- a a a S 1 a •1- + ... ... ... n ■a ■ 1- i a* a a H H- + H- •♦- .. 13 a a 5 3 + + i + -1- r 1 T C + a '-J •it is H- i 1 ,;'ini(iliiH j.juhtli.VH i iiliiliyH lilbiitiii* ; :ii]iri'( a + f ■V -\- + + t- ■i- 1- 1- ra Butl'llliUlU kt'ii>ti'i'ii« ilil(i|)lil«» aLllurclrm (Billing ttUH nniiitin [iupmiiH ■i- + 1- + -1- 1- "1- •1- ^- -1- -1 ■\- 1- 1- 1- t- -i- -1- + -1- 1 ■1- 1- + -i- 1- 1 -1- + + -t- + + -1- + 1- ■f 1 -1 -1- 1- + 1- 1 + -1- + -V + -h -1- -\- V + + + f i- -t- H- -1- 4- '"i" -1- ■t- + + + + + + + -1- -1- -i- A- 1 1 1 1 1- + + ■f + -1- + DJ'niMtillS + 1 -1- •1- 1 4- -1- 1 ^ -f 1 1- 1 + + -t- 1- + f h 1- + -H 1 1 1 1 1 -l- + 1 + t ■ + "' i- loiiloiintim + 1- Hiithos ... 1- 1 1- 1- )■ i^lIla ' 1 1 \ 1 I 1 1 1 . (- 1 + + 1- iliiiiiia S'lii'siu + + + 1 1 1- 1 ■' ♦ f ... r ... + 1 1 + -f + Hsf* ... V*h\t + + + 1 > + t 1 1 t + + + + -t- f ■I- + 1 1- + 4 V + ... WiiinftnrBH 4- ...... in -.....*,.. . •. ' f iii.ANTI.v (.l»*'Aai|, CM. iiov.: ly|«( liU ni^oiuu (,'((M./r.(H4 Koibva. Tiiix noiiim ilillirs Irniii //»• ¥1 ■ liiivlnittM^ Mppw Jaw prutrautilii, unit tl.o nnal Htilinm vnry ftvi'l- I'min HohuKitiiKi. wlili >it.iuri-.'« In lln'MH rrwiin-tn. It In ilinthiKMiHhrd by tU« iiM;iiUi|ili i.iHlnn. It is immiviHur pUii V,nII.;iil,ii(' I'win, wliiiKc t.tiiirrmixlily i"i> f>lli>iil inaiii>ifri>;ili iil'lhi' Hlhenktowatido' in kMI lh» ii'iiiii fur 111! uiii'k «u lliiii iliilliMilt liiit numt Itititiimtiit,: Kntup. • ,'. S i 1 " s f* ** . /■•■'il « «. 90 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Bistributioii of Genera — Contiiined. J3 s g £ a \f rz -1- + + + + + c a 1 S w + + + + i a T + + + 6 a 1- + -t, ■1 3 + -J ■/. 1- r IT E n < t a 5 H '■J + 5 1 + -t + + + 3 a + + + + f -t- -1- s a 5 + ^- H- + ■i- ) 1 (■ + 1 -1 1 1 j + •1 t 1 1 + ^ + -i- ■1- + + + + + + H- + ■",\n Dnnmoiiiiv » (JamiJOHtiimii Hylmjiiiatlius riiiiophitluH 1- 1- + + i- , i- H + 1- \ + + •■ !- t • ■ 1 1 H- . . . ; 1- t- ' t 1 ; 1 i- -1 1 1 t-jf t- 1... I '■ • + •■ ^1 ■1- . 1 ■ r ■ +; f ■ ■■ ■ r ■ r ■ t" ■ r / t- ■ "I" 1 r +1 t • ;! t LiixiluM (priper) + + + f ■i- + + + lIuilHoiiiu.s + -1 h -i- + ... r + Lithiiinm (.'odotnii Xotropis KpiHUUtu t- + + f + ... + _ 4- + + + + 4- + + + -1- ■1- -1 + + I'lii'iiiic 'bins llBiuitrt^iiiiii .... + + + -1- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -1- + 1 + 1 f 4- 1- 1 1 Chroaoiuiia + + + 1- + + 1 Pho^inus .... . .... -i- -V V + + -1- + + 1- + ■t- 1 + Gilii Illiiiiitlitli VH ('eratii'litliys iSi'niotiluH ICricyuilj.i Kxoglo Aiini Qua-Hilaliiii l*la(3i>pli:ir\ nx 1 i -t 1 1 + 1- + + + -1- + -1- + + + + + ■\- + + + + -r 1- 1 + f t- 1 ■)• + 1 1- MyxMHltimn Mluylri'iiia Eriaiy/oii 1- + + + + + + + + 1 1- t- t- 1 1 1 + J. 1 1 { ■1 I t 1 1 ( ) 1 81 1- 1 + 1 1 t i + + t t ( t 1 ^ t t ( !y«!ltipl IIM * • • + + + 1 Ichtliyolms ItubuliclithyH Icuthiuluruti ■fViiiiui'tifl + H 1 + + \ ... -(■ 1 + 91 + 1 + + + + •I + ( + 1 ■ 11) + 1 f + 1 ^ 1 + ■ • > 1 + 1 + + + + -1 + + + 1 IVlotliilithya Anutilllii Ami» l.iniolopU I'liiyoiliiii AnlpHiiHcr Hrapliii'liy iH'luipa ~\^^ ... Xotal 33 -IJ 'M 1 ) ID tn Tft IHf> ._ 1 1 ||!ill)(; course of tlio i Llmcii tliiowii on til' Lt lislies ill f^eiicral. Irics ol" ffeiiorjil I)^()|)()^ leiiess or to origiiialir latsoiiie of tlu'se jjroj My stilted wluMi oui lost of (lie vstate incuts a fs, especially tlie Eth Lwled^e of the range In meMgre. iFiir flie fnvst sttitenieiil iilcbti'd to I'lolessor ( Libution of (ishes in 1 iSoiitiiwest Vir{>iiiia, 1, 111 the case of rive; liine of the upper wat •little, relation with ii.iy note («) the sin iMiiiiihii, as eoiiipaivd iiiaMtf Wisconsin Jtivc III. liiverbasins havin pe have a similarity ot ii;'s being equal, the |b/i m'ti'.r, the greater i tCiUiiwlia and the Sal [111. Parallel rivers tiil |iii':t'o.sit(« diree- IIS. The Wabash and Miami have more in uummou than either has li I III' Kentucky. V. Tiie higher or the ohler the water-shed between two streams, the III N|u'eie8 are ivmujon to both. (This nmtler needs lurtlier investi- V Certain species, not including " s|)i'cies of general distribution", ion opposite sides of even tlu^ highest watersheds. Tliis fact was iii»ti(!('d by Professor Cope. The oee.urrence of LkxUkh mcvoijenis^ Aiialistriutt (if lliti iiiiiiiiiiiiiiK |>iirt of tl>iH|iii|mrii|i|iisvr(':^ >:•'■■ -•! 'fiW : a^ .r.t, [)2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — IH. '- -j! in-i -i Jhjdropldox rubricroceus, Photiujenisgalacturm^ and Catostomus xidnhium both in the Tonnesst'o and ISiiviinnah, will iihistiate tliis. Ncitlicroi iij two liist-named species are as yet known iroui any other river liasius, VI. Wlien the wateished between two streams is a swampy iiiilam instead of a nionntaiuvang"., the same species may be louiid in the lnaiij waters of both, jilthouj^li the sjjecies inhabiting? the lower coursis may h] dillerent. In case the one stream Hows northward and the otliei soi ward, the common fauna will be nearest like that of the northein strtanii In Northern Indiana, the same species are found in the waters of Saiiii Joseph's, Maumee, Wabash, and Illinois Rivers, alttiouyh these stica dischar};e their waters in widely aln'linus J'oit'.imilii J'Jricymha bnccita, Scinotilits corporalis, Chronomnn ert/tlir(>(ir.stn\ i!ii species of Rhiuirhtln/i<, etc. Of channel spe'qnehannaand klinvarc. In tho Southern streams, the i)rocess of evolution of specitit; (IMS seems to have gone on more rapidly. This matter, however, (|iiii'es larther investigation. IXIV. vSpecies of the widest distribution often have breaks in their |ii);e which cannot be accounted for by any facts now in our pusscs- |oii, Luxihts cornutus, so abundant in all the waters of the North and iVst, does not occur, so far as is known, in any of the rivers between IfNeuse and the Alabama, in both of which streams it is abundant. [iirmas species range over several river basins and then cease abruptly. fniiints brunncHs is abundant fiom the Santee to the Chattahoochee, in liitttT river the most abundant food-fish, while in the very next river- isiii, the Alabama, it is unknown. |XV. Many 8j)ecies of wide distribution which are absent in certain Wins are there represented by certain other related species, which |aj be regarded as modified descendants. Thus, in the South Atlan- [streatiis, ChcvnobrtjUiifi (lulostis is represented by Ch(cnohi\iiffHS viridis, miiijonns chrysoleticus by Xfotcmigonus americanits. In the South- m, Eiipomotis aureus is represented by Enpomoiis palUduH ; in tho It'St, Nolurus gyrinus by Xoturus aialis, Noturiis inaignis by Noturus .' ' ':' '•:•■. . ■' - ■.;■;'' ' ■ ■'N/. . ■' • ; •■■■ -'. , •:v. ■ •<■, * V ;, ^S\' v^,- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^128 12.5 |50 ""^ ■i^ 2: us, 12.0 12.2 im 1.25 |u III 16 •4 6" ► .Ife <^ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation gt •^ « 23 WIST M.MN STRiiT WIMTIK.N.Y 14310 |7t«) 173-4303 4^ ..^v If lift • «■ .,. ., Si - 'i Mm ill Vf''i^''^ ■ y'liM i i 94 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. exilis, Noturus ehutlienis by NoUirvs miurus, Mdavura pjifimaahy }\,. lanura limi. XVI. Other species nnder similar circmnstances liavc no such reprc seiitaiives. The case oi LuxUuh cornutns will again illustrate. XV^II. Certain species have beeu known to extend their {;eo^»riipliica| raufje since the opening of the canals. Such are more especially tlic mi{^ratory species of probably marine orif^in, as Dorosoina hvtcrura, PomolobuH ehn/sochlorift, and Angttilta vulgar is. These species aie now abundant in Lake Michigan and Lake Erie, although formerly unknown there. The range of certain PercUlm and Centrarc'iuhc has undouhti'dlv beeu extended by the same ij.eans. XVriL The cliaracteriatically American forms of fishes are, geni'rallv speaking, rare or absent in the waters of New pjugland and of tbo Pacific slope. This fact has been well stated by Professor Agassiz, wlm called New England "a zoological island". About 105 genera of freshwater fishes occur in the waters of tho United States east of the Mississippi Miver. ( M' these, i>bout 7(i do not occur in New Euglmd (exclusive of Lake Champliiiii, the fanna (t which is nearly identical with that of Lake Ontario.) Of these .iOm fewer genera occurring in New England, all but Snli'cfinvti, Cutrfiimm, Esox, SviiKftHns, Jiliuticlithyx, and possibly Aminius, are represeiitcii In a single species each. From oO to ^5 genera occur in the waters of the i'aeific slope. XIX. The larg';ir the river-basin, the greater its variety of fbrnis, Imtli genera and species. In the little White Kiver at Indianajxilis. bclon^'iiij; Id the Mississippi basin, 70 s[)ecies, representing 48 genera, are kiionii to occur — twice as many as inhabit all the rivers of New England. XX. Other things being ecpnU, a river whose course lies in a rp;;ioii ol undisturbe*! stratified rocks or of glacial drift contains most {,'i'iimi jtud species. XXL Conversely, rivers in regions of Igneous or metnmorphic rm contain lewest s|)('(!ies. XX I L Sources of streams on oj)posite sides of a high watershed oltc have s|)e(!ies in common which do not oc(;ur in the lower courses of tin same rivers The distribution of several mountain species, as HHulntm fontinnlis and Hi/drnplttox riihricrocrus, will exemplify this. XXML t^ertain species havi> acauiii, Ti iiessee, and C Hoke, Ken fuel XXIV. Cer appiucnt regai tliu north or tli Eucdlia inco, Dorrinvard, but miles souih of j ,so!itliein bound liirly ciicnniscif of Li/Z/irnrun ha to liie Great L;i ami the Potonia Tlie three specie XXV. Certain otruniiigii, (j,p ^ tlic Illinois, Wiih'o Xcw KujiilaiKl, the All^'^lianics. Sue Ai'iiiin/N mtva. XX \I. Certain i WTiiniiig i„ t|,(. J soiitliward in ^1,^ erasing i„ die mn t<*iiiliiig soiirhwestv •lli.vico. Among th \(h>">lnwnH, Ambli.-i [fi'i'ii's. iiovvover, sc ^^"^'^l Certain ; [M>l "!• Ucst Of the , "'.vlx' mentioned X '"*' ''t«*M on the eii '''"""■«^' oiiuruH, Kot, ^^^'iW. The di,s( ■«li»aiere(mim.,„i( '^'^"- '.\, depth, rapiJ l*«'iver.bHj ;(ry of the CONCLUSIONS. 95 : ■"V. iiessee, and Cumberland, and Alburnops microstomus in the James, Koa- iiolip, Kentucky, Cumberland, and Clinch. XX iV. Certnin species have a wide east and woAt range, without appaient regard to the courses of the rivers, but are bounded on either till) iiortli or the south by parallels of laticude. Eucdlia incon.staiis occurs from Western New York to Kansas and uortbwiird, but it is never found southward of a line passing about fifty Diik'ssouih of Lake Eiie. Pcrcopsis gultutUH has a like range, but its soatliein bound "ry is in the Potomac and Ohio. Lota lacuatris is simi- liirly ciicumscri bed, but r;inges farther to the east. The three species of Lullinirns have each a belt of latitude: L. cyanoccphalus belonging to tlie Great Lakes and Upper ^lississipjii ; Jj. (Iq)J(imius to the Ohio and the Potonuic; L. ardciis to the lloanoke, James, and ('umberland. The tliice species of Hi/odon are similarly arranged. XXV. Certain species have a peculiar northern ami eastern range, oiriniiiig in the waters of the Upper Mississippi, in the headwaters of tliC Illinois, Wabash, and Scioto, thence thrcugh the Great Lakes to New Kii;iland, theuce to South Carolina on the eastern slope of the All:'}>lianies. Such spetries arc Eupomotis aureus, Perca amcricana, anil Ai'iiunis vatun. XXV'I. Certain species have a. peculiar northern and western range, ioiciariiig in the Middle States and in the Great Lakes, and usually isontlivviird in the east to s(um! point in \'iiginia oi' North Carolina, Cfiisiiig ill the same latitude on both sides of the AlleghiUiies, but ex- Itcmiiiig south westward through the Mississippi Valley to tlio Gulf of hiiAi<'o. Among these may be mentioned Luxilun cornufus, Notcmiponus miinukuvun, AmhU.pIites nipcutrin, Apomotis cyanvlhts. The last-named |»lHri('s. however, scarcely ranges east of the Alh'ghanies. XXVII. Certain species have a 'vide range north and south, «>ither Ifibl or west of the Alleghanies, but do not i-ross that chain. Of these lniiij bi' uientiotu'd Lcpiopomun (tiirilus, EnneavnatUm ohrstis, ICso.r rrtk'U- llfl/M, etc., on tlie eas*^, and Jlaplou^oiiotUH gnt...iiicnHj Jli/odon tcnjitnUf ywtunis luiuruH, Noturns tiialiK, etc., on the west. XXVIII. The distril)ution of fresh -water fishes is tlepcMident («) on Irtsliwuler co»imuni(!ation ; {!>) on character of stream, t. e*., of water— as kopiu i,\,depth, rapidity, vegetable growth, etc. ; (c) on tin' charact^Tof lilt river- bed ; (y elevatiou P'vo the Hea; and (o) finally on various unknown fac^tors arising from kiiiituru or past history of the HpecicH in question, ami from the geo- ^icil liistory of the rivers. ■ r . • .1 1 m . ,P f^i. • V .if . iiiii "^:f-i nv A SY S U 0 is! ^ « 'i*-s lljl iC t; 1 i * Sp (Vos/oflijrfa; Coi'i.;, I'r, ,. ICri»irf* .. B. A SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OATOSTOMID^. II . •-''I'^lll ■' 1' . t* liJ Bv David S. Jokdan. Class PISCES. t ' i' Subclass TELEOSTKI. Ordel ELEOCEPHAl.L Suborder EVENTOGNATHl. Family CATOSTOMID.E HiMoumdw Gii.i.. I'loc. Aciiu. Nat. Jsc. I'hila. v. 13, p. 8, 1801. ('(ilos'onn'rfw Coi'K, Frtc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. v. 20, p. 33'i, la72. I'dfin/om/f^r .loiiOAN, Mail. Voit. E. U. S. p. 5Jl)vi, INTO. lifriiiirffP ;j;t!n. Uaiink-sque, Rieso, Cuvfkh, Honai'aktk, OiiiAitn, ni.icKKER. ^iViiiirffr R-.ibfii.!v IIkckkl, Acassiz, Bli-hckkk, GOntiikk. ("be lamily of Catostoinido', or the "Siuikcrs", may bo hiieUv di fined litslollow.s : — EnntoffiiathouH i[»\w», Imvinji; tlie pharyiigeHl teetli pecti- |iiifmiii, ill n niiij-le row, closely appioxiinated, very miiiierous, and ftiiiipre.ssi'd at right angloato the diieetion ofthe bone, ami tlu interma.x- |llArk>s t'oriiiiiig but a timall par! ot the upper nrub of the mouth, tbo naxilliiries entering into it largely on each side.* 'The followiii)! more elaborate diagnoaitt in Kiven liy Professor Gill (Johnsoii'H Uni« ^^^al Cyclopicdin, vol. iv, p. ITiTI) ; — " The liodj varit-H botncon an cloiitfatvd nubrvlin- I'X'ilaDd uii oblong ui(H\ . luss cmiipri'iwcil contour; the tickles are of iiifdinii: or piher larj{t) hIzc, cycloid ; the lateral '.iiio is t(*'>'*'>»l'y prweiit and decnrved, but some- Bull. N. M. No. 12—7 W -» V r I* ' C 4 i,v t . iljlj |i'#il|^i|■;^' .1 r li!J" " fli jit 1 98 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III Early writers on fishes, as well ;is most foreign i(!htliyol(>gists liav.- considered the Suckers as iorming a mere tribe or subfamily of the Cyprinidce, which gioup has been variously denominated Catostomi, CatoNtomina, iuul Catoetomincc, but the charaeteis above noted, of teeth and mouth, seem to the writer to fully justify their separation as a djs. tiuct family TVe, dorsal fin in Cotosiomido' is more develojted than !•< usual in American C^prhiidfc, although various Old World genera show similar characters. The development of the lips and the great protme tility of the mouth are Icatuies usually diagnostic, but in the geiitis QuanNi'abia the mouth is scarcely i)!OtractiIe, and among our Cypri Hjdrt' certain species of Plunacobivft and Ceradchthys have thicker lips than have some of the Catostomidcc. The CatoHiomidw fall at once into three well-niaiked subfamilies, first indicated by Professor Gill, and termed by him Catostomincc, Cyclcptina. and Buhalichthjimw. These may be characteri:;ed as follows: — Caiostomino!. — Body oblong or elongate, subtcrete or more or less compressed: dorsal fin nearly median, short and subqnadrate, with from nine to eighteen developed lays: ventral fins under the dorsal, of nine or ten rays: anal fin high and short, normally of seven rays, iieurer the base of the caudal thiin that of the ventral fins : lips well developed, usually papillose or plicate : gill-rakers little developed. Genera Qiumi- labia, Plncopharijnjc^ Mi/xostoma, Urimyzou, Mimjfrcma, Chumb«T really lesisting. It will be noticed that the iiuni' »! M|M><-ii-N v hich I have ladmitted is in most of the Catostomnid K^riti Irwer than has be«»ti Irecogiiized by previous writers. This seenn* to tw* to u *.iiM not from anv Lciiliar theories as to what constitutes a sj>eci,'M. but from the fact that I |'i;iv(' liad a greater range of specimens of most forms than any previous hriter has had. I am confident that in the preH4Mice of a still greater Loiiiit of material, the characters of several other species will be found |to melt away. To indicate which tin'se species are, in default of such naterial, would, however, be an unprofitable task. In this group, as in I many others, the truth well stated by Dr. Cones* becomes appn rent: — f'Wc can only predicate and define species at all from the mere cir- pistance of misHing links. ' Species ' are the twigs of a tree separated |tom the parent stems. We name and arrange them arbitrarily, in de- paltof a means of reconstructing the whole tree according to Nature's muilications." ^, .;■,-.,..... :^.. - ;:^ .:^'^ ^--«-<^ 1 . ■. > V I ■ -■ «' ;-; ,.v^.^ • Dirds of th« Northwest, p. 827. t -i 'll' I liiiti iJi(;;il:li 100 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. List of Nominal Species of Catostomidw, tvith Identifications. IToniinul species. Dale. 177:$ Identification. Cypiinus ratostoinns Forster Catostonius longirostris. 'Ze cyprin commersonicn "" Lacdpedo 180:{ Catostomus teres. Cyin'inns siicctta Lacdpfedc 1803 Eriniyzoti sueetta. (y'viniiiiiH rostratus Tilesius i«i:j (Catostomus) rostratus. Catostomus teres. . Cj piiiiiis teres Mitchill 1814 Cvpi inns oblongus Mitchill 1«14 Erimjzon sueetta. CatostonuiH cvprinua Le Sueur 1817 Carpiodes cypriuus. Eriniyzou sueetta. Erimyzon sueetta. Ciitostomiis cibbosus Le Sueur 1817 Catostomus tuberculatus Lc Sueur 1817 Catostoinus uiacrolepidotuH Le Sueur.. 1817 My xostoma macrolepidotum. Catostoiiius aureolus Lc Sutur 1817 Mvxostoma aureolum. Catostonius conimniiis Lo Sueur . 1817 Catostomus teres. Catostomns longirostrum Le Sueur 1817 Catostomus longirostris. Catostonius nigricans Le Sueur 1817 Catostomus nigricans. Catostonius niaculosus Le Sueur. 1817 Catostomus uigricaus. Catostonius elongatusLo Sueur 1817 Cyeleptus elongatus. CiUostomus vittatus Lo Sueur 18il7 Erimyzon sueetta. ( -stonius dnquesnii Le Sueur 1817 Myxostoma macrolepidotum liquesni, Catostomus bostoniensis Le Sueur lfcl7 Catostomus teres. Catostonius budsonius Le Sueur lhl7 Catostomus longirostris. Catostou'us bubalus Ratinesque 1818 Icbtbyobus bubal us. Catostonius erytlirurus Ralinesqno — 1818 Myxostoma macrolepidotum diuiuefii. E-KOfilossum niacropterinn Rafiuesque.. 1818 Catostomus nigricaii'*. At:il'lin!oii nij^cr H.-ifmoKiui' HI!) Bulialichtliys sp. ? Cy(llus ni)j;r«'seeiis Rafiiies(iU'.« 181!) Cyeleptus elougatus. Rutilus nielanurus Raiiiiesniie !820 Myxostoma macrolepidotum diiquesui, Myxostoma auisura. Catostonius anisnrus Rnllnesque 1820 Catostomus anisojiterus Raiinesquo 1820 Carpiodes sp. Caiostonius carjiio Hafiiu'.s()uo 182(1 Carpiodes carpio. Carpiodes velifer. Catostonu;s velifer Rafineisque 1820 Catostomus xanlbopiis Riifiuesqno 1820 Catostomus nigricans. ' Catostonius nielanojis Raliresiine 1820 Minytrema melanops. Catostonius fasciolaris Raiiiies(|uo 1820 Erimyzon sueetta. Catostomus tiexuosus Raiiut;y({ue 1820 Catostonius teres. Catostomus uiegastoiiiiiN Ratiiusiiue.. 1820 A myth. Catostomus forsteriauus Riebanlson. .. . 1823 Catostomus longirostris. Catostomus lesueurii Ricliardson 1823 Myxostoma aureolum. List of Koinini Nomina *Tliis species is Kjuoted by Dr. Gtiiitlier as " Cyimnim (vutnurxoiiiiii Liici'pt'ili ' have been unable to cxHiiiine Lnc<^p<^(b '.s original work, but in tiie rcjiriiits of i' ) HI';! to be literal, I find only ilu^ French form, " Lo Cyprin Commersoniei! '. I nlJ L'jt6pi)do really bestowed ii Latinized specitic name on the species, '* covimcnoiu'l " comvtcrsonianua" should not claim priority over Ure« of Mitchill. id'l CyprinusCCatostom CvpriniisCCr^ostom: Cafo8toimis graciiis Labeo elegaus DeKa Labeo esopus DeKaj Catostomus oueida L ' Catostomus pallidus Labeo elongatus DeB j Catostomus fasciatus I Catostomus plan iceps j Catostomus carpio Va J Catostomus tilesii Val jScleroguathuscyprine ICatostoinusforsteriant j Catostomus aurora 'Ag jCatostomusIatipiuuis] I Carpiodes urns Agassiz V'ari.io(le8 taurus Agass I Carpiodes bison Agassi; jurpiodes vitulus Agasi jfarpiodesvaccaAgassii jCastotomus congestus B jfatostonms clarki BainI Ifatostomns insigujs Bai Jfafostomus pj<.beiu8 Bai jfarpiodes tumid us Bain |fatfl,stomu8 occidentalis IWithyobus rauehii Agas. F^tbyobus stoJIo^-i Agas* fsostomatenue Agassiz piodes thompsoni Aga ■I'^'lielitl.ysniger Agass f«b«'icl.thy8 bubalus Ag, fWichthysbonasusAg, Ktonms occidentalis A Ktouius labiatus Ayres h'»'lo8damaIisGir,ird. ptoma clavifcrmis Gi, Nfnma kcnneriyi Girai Ntoma victoria, Giranl ptnma campbeIJi Gir, r'"'*'"'""HaIbidnsGira. Nostomus haydeni Gira /•r- ' • LIST OF NOMINAL SPECIES. 101 List of I^ominal Specks of Caioalw.iidu;, icith Mcniijlcations — Continued. Nominal species. • Date. Identification. (;;vpnniis(Catostoina8)8iieuiii Rich. .. . ih:{g Myxostoma aureoluin ? Cvpiiuiis(Ci.\*ostomu,s)reticnlatn.sRicli. I8:?i) Catostoums tereL-. ['atoHtouiiis grat'iii.s Kirtlantl.. 1838 Catostomus teres. Labeo elegaus DeKay 1H4-2 Eriuiyzon sucetta. I iihpo esoDUS DeKav ... 1842 Eriniyzon sucetta. My xostoma macrol-jpidotum. Catostomus teres. C'atostouius oucida DeKay . 1'^4-i t'atustoiuus pallidus DeKay 1842 Labeo elongatus DeKay 1842 Erimyzon sucetta. Catostomus fasciatus Lo Sueur, MSS 1844 Minytrema melanops. Catostomus plaiiiceps Valenciennes. .. 1844 Catostonnis nigricans. Catostomus carpio Valenciennes 1844 Myxostoma carpio Catostomus tilesii Valenciennes 1844 (Catostomus) rostratus. Sileroguathus cyprinella Valenciennes. 1844 Icbtbyobus bubahis. Catostomus forsterianus Agassiz i8r.o Catostomus teres. 1 atostonius aurora -Agassiz I8ri0 Catostomus longirosfriu. Catostoums latipinnis Baird & Girard.. 1833 Catostomus latipinnis. Carpiodes urns Agassiz 1854 Bubalicbtbys urns. larpiodes taurus Agassiz 1854 Bubaliciitbys sp. Carpiodes bison Agassiz 1854 Carpiodes bison. urpiodes vitulns Agasshj 1854 Bubalicbtbys sp. Carpiodes vacca Agassiz 1854 Carpiodes cyprinus. Castotonius congestus Baird & Girard.. 1854 Myxostoma congestum. Catostomus clarki Baird & Girard 1854 Catostomus clarlci. Catostomus insignis Baird &. Girard.. . 1854 Catostomus insignis fatostomus plebeins Baird & Girard. .. 1854 Pantosteus plebeins. Carpiodes tumidns Baird & Girard. — 1854 Carpiodes cyprinus. Catostomus occidentalis Ayres 1H54 Catostomus occidentalis. ■Iththyobus ranohii Agassiz 1855 Icbtbyobus bnbalus. Hlchtlivobus stollovi Airassiz 1855 lebtbvobns bnbalus. ■osostoma tenne Agassiz 1855 ^ xy La L' & ■ 1 * ^ "J ^A u *^ ^ • "J L* a %• kj • Erimyzon oblongus. Htirpiodes tliompsoni Agassiz 1855 Carpiodes tbompsoni, Bubalicbtbys urns. ■sbalichthys iiiger Agassiz 1855 Boyiclitliys bnbalus Agassiz 1855 Bulialiebtbys bnbalus. ^Babalicbthys bonasns Agassiz KS55 Bubalicbtbys nrus. Catostomus occidentalis. BitoBtonius occidentalis Agassiz 1855 ^Bitostoiuus labiatus Avres 1855 Catostomus labiatus. ■arpiodcs damalis Girard 185() Carpiodes cyprinus. ^■osoHtoina claviformis Girard 185G Erimyzon sucetta. ^•sostoma kennerly i Girard 185() Erimyzon sucetta. Minytrema melanops. Erimyzon sncottu. ^HiioBtoma victoria) Girard 185() ^Btsustoma cnmpbelli Girard 1850 Byrlmstoiiiim albidus Girard l>-5(i Mi xostoma ulbidum. ' "' T* ~ Bjciiostouius baydeni Qirurd 1856 Miuytroma uiolauops. r . V. ■ » ■■■% ■h IKI^--,. '4 , . ' ■.'^; ^- .' m ■ V •ni III ;., . l: I i' i' '■ V*' " . ';« a I'll *'jpt; » i 102 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. JAst of Nominal Species of Calostomidce, with Identifications — Continued. Nomina) species. CatostoinuH (Acoinus) guzmaneusin Gir CiitobtouiUH ( Acomus) gciierosus Girard Catostomus (Acomus) griseus Girard.. Oatoutoiuus (Acomus) lactarius Girard Catostomus macrocheilus Gira.d Catostomus sucklii Girard Catoslomus beruardiiii Girard Oatostomus texanus Abbott Catostomus chloropteron Abbott Carpiodes asiaticrs Bleeker Teretulus eerviiiusCopo Sclerognathiis wieridioualis Giinther .. Placopharynx carinatus Cope Ptj-cho8tomas pappillosus Cope Ptychostomus velatus Copo Ptycbostomns coUapsus Cope PtjcbostoiiiHS pidieusis Cope P iychostomus coregonus Cope Pty chostomus albus Cope Ptychostomus tbalassiuus Cope Ptycbostonius robustus Cope Ptycbostomus lacbrymalis Cope Ptycbostonius crassihibris Cope Ptycbostomus breviceps Cope . Ptycbostomus con us Cope Carpiodes diiformis Cope? Carpiodes cutisacserinus Cope Carpiodes selene Cope Carp'odes grayi Cope Carpiodes nunimifer Cope CatOijtomus discobolus Cope Miiiomus delpbinus Cope Minomus burdusCcpe Ptycliostomus bucco Cope Minomus platyrbyucbus Cope Minomus jarrovii Cope Cut ostein us alticolus Copo Icbtbyobus cyauellus Nelson Pautosteus virescens Copo Catostomus fecuudum Cope & Yarrow. Moxostoma trisiguatum Cope Icbtbyobus iscbyrus Nelson fiubuliuhthya uUuh Nelson Date. I 185() 1856 185C 1856 1856 1856 1856 18(50 1H60 1864 18(W 1868 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1'70 11-70 H70 1870 1872 1872 1872 1872 1874 1874 1874 1876 1876 187C 1876 1H77 1«77 Identification. Catostomus latipinnis. Pautosteus generosns. Catostomus longirostri.s. Catostomus longirostris. Catostomus macrocbilus. Catostomus teres. Catostomus occideutalis. Catostomus teres. Catostomus teres. Myiocypriuus asiatieus. Myxostoma cerviuum. Bubalicbthys meridionalis. Placopbaryux carinatus. Myxostoma papillosum. Myxostoma ve'atum. Myxostoma velatum. Myxostoma pidiense. Myxostoma coregonus. Myxostoma album. Myxostoma tbi:lasr>inum. Myxostoma niacrolepidotun: Myx. macrolepidotum lacbryuLiie. Myxostoma crassilabro. MyxostouKi anisura. Myxostoma conns. Cnrpiodes ditformis. Carpiodes cntisanserinua. Carpiodes cutisanseriuus. Carpiodes cypriuus. Carpiodes carpio. Catostomus discobolus. Pautosteus (plebeiiist). Pautosteus (plebeiusf). Myxostoma congest um. Pautosteus platyrby neb us. Pantostens generosns. Catostomus teres. Bubalicbthys bubalus. Pautosteus virescens. Cbosmistes fecuudus. Catostomus teres. Icbtbyobus bubalus. Bubalicbthys bubalus. Myxostoma euryo] BiilwIicIirhys|,„oa Ji.vxostoma pceeiJu Lagoehiia l.-.cera J, Eriniyzou goodei ,], Catostomus arasop.j Catostomus retropii •IJorsal fin abort, si elouj " -Von til Niugnlar, dove in tb prese ""• Month normal, tl *• Air-bladder in t large, i 0. Pliarj'ngeal bo lindrici and Co ''I's .. cc. Pharyugeal b( "ards: *A- Air-bJudd«r in f^ d- Lateral li„e tlie late «• Lttteralline adult, bi ««• Lateral liut d^' Lateral line , of tbe lat /• Foutanelle ff- Mouth vt 00- Mouth i //• Fontanollo inferior, cartiJagiu, T' " ANALYSIS OF GENERA. 103 List of Xominal Species of Catostomidce^ with Identijicationa — Continued. Noniiual species. Date. Identilicatiou Mjxosfconia curyops Jordan 1877 My xostouia euryops. Biibalichthys buoaliuus Jordan .1877 IJubalichihys bnbalus. Mysostoiua poBcilura Jordan L877 Myxostoma poecilnra. I.iigochila laceia Jordan & Bray ton.. . . 1877 Qnassilabia lacora. Eriiiiyzou goodei Jordan 1878 Erimyzon goodci. CatostoniuH arajopus Jordan 1878 Catostoujus arajopus. CatoHtomna retrjpinnis. I'atostomus rotropinnis Jordan • 1878 ANALYSIS OF GENERA OF CATOSTOMID^. "Dorsal fin short, subqnadrate, with tyn to eigbtt'en developed rays: body oblong or elongate: gill-rakers feeble. {Calonlomivw.) ('. Moutti singular, the upper lip not protractile, greatly enlarged, the lower lip developed as two separate lobes : operculum very short : air-bladder in three parts: scales large: I'ontanello well developed: lateral line present: pharyngeal bones and teeth ordinary ..Quas.sii.aiua, 1. u(i. Mouth normal, the lower lip entire or mtrely lobed, either tubercular or plicate. b. Air-bladder in three parts: lateral line continuous: fontanelle present : bcales large, eubequal. 0. Pharyngeal bones very strong, with the lower teeth much enlarged, Kubcy- lindrical and truncate, the teeth of the upper part of tho bene small and compressed: mouth largo, somewhat oblique, with very thick lips Placophahynx, 2. cc. Pharyngeal bones moderate, the teeth compressed, gradually larger down- wards: mouth moderate or small, the lips usually plicate. Myxos'ioma, 3. bh. Air-bladder in two parts. d. Lateral line interrupttd or wanting : scales large (40 to KO in the course of the lateral lii:e) : lips plicate. e. Lateral line incomplete, obsolete in the young, becoming developed in the adult, but always more or less interrupted: mouth small, inferior. MlNYTRKMA, 4. ee. Lateral line entirely wanting : mouth somewhat oblique.. Ehimyzon, 5. dd. Lateral line complete and continuous : scales small, o.'i to 115 in the course of the lateral line. /. Fontanelle present. ■ ■,"1 *'( s'l. g. Mouth very large, terminal, oblique : lips thin, nearly smooth. CHASMIHTES, 6. gg. Mouth inferior, r.ioderate or small, with thick, ])apiiIose lips. Catostomus, 7. ff. Fontanelle obliterated by the union of the parietal bones: mouth small, inferior, with thick, papillose lips, the lower jaw provided with a cariilagiuoua sheath Famtusteus, 8. S: ■'<■< .■P:1| > '; •" 'I:'-!.,,. >• ■'xM '"■■«.■ >U-i tt^. If' ■k\< ■ ■^■*'. ,«< tj(f' ' f'f -V I 'ft. l> '' .•M1 :Tt !■. ' ■ ttii 104 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III, ** Dormi? fin elongate, more or less elevated in front, of abofut 25 or more developed raj'8 : air bladder in two parts, t Fontanelle obliterated by the union of the parietal bones: head short and small : body elongate. (Cycleptinw.) h. Mouth Hinall, inferior, with very thick, papillose lips : scales suiali, iM to GO iu the course of the lateral line 0 yci.kptus, [). tt Fontanelle well developed : Lead large: body oblong or ovate : scales large, U'l to 45 iu the course of the lateral line. {liubalichthyinw.) t. Dorsal rays in moderate number (24 to 33). j. Mouth comparatively small, inferior, protractile downwards. k. Pharyngeal bones narrow, with the teeth comparatively thin and weak. Cakp/odes, 10. klc. Pharyngeal bones strong, the teeth comparatively coarse and largi-, in. creasing in size downwards Buhauciitiiy.s, ll. jj. Mouth quite large, terminal, protractile forwards : pharyngeal bone.s ami teeth moderate : lips thin, nearly smooth Icirni yohus, ]l ii. Dorsal fin very long, of about 50 developed rays Myxocypijinus, Ii! Genus QUASSILABIA Jordan £ Brat/tori. Lagochila Jordan & Buayton, Pioc. Ac. Nat. So. Phila. 280. 1877. (Preoccupied in conchology as Layochiltia.) yuassi/afcia (.Jordan & Drayton) Jordan, Man. Vert. E. U. S. ed. 2d, 401, 1878. Type, Lagochila lacera Jordan & Brayton. Etymology, quasatia, broken or torn ; labia, lip. Suckers likt" Mijxoatoma in every respect excepting the structure ol the mouth aud opercula. Head shortish, couical, with lengthened snout; its length 4J to 5 times in that of the body, the opercular region being I reduced, so that the eye is well backwards: suborbital bones narrow : ton j tanelle large, widely open. Mouth large, singular in structure, inferior, the upper lip not protractile, greatly prolonged, closely plicate. Lower] lip much reduced, divided into two distinct elongate lobes, wliich arel weakly papillose. The split between these lobes extends backwards tol the edge of the dentary bones, which are provided with a rather hard, horny plate, as iu PantoHteiis. The lower lip is entirely separated Irouij the upper at the angles by a deep Hssure. The skin of the cheeks! forms a sort of cloak over this fissure, the crease separating this skiuj from the mouth extending up on the sides of the muzzle. The creast^ between the lips extends down on the under side of the head. Systen of muciferous tubes well developed. Pharyngeal bones not dissimilar from the usual type in Myxamm"^ rather weak, with nu:.iieronR small teeth. Body elongate, not much compressed, not elevated. Fins moderatt^ of precisely the type usual iu Myxostoma. L,': ■ ■*■ ,*^- GENUS QUA8SILABIA. 105 Scales large, precisely as in Myxostoma, the lateral Hue well developed and nearly vStraiglit, with about 45 scales in its course. Airl)lalanfor■ .> ■■■■i m ■ f ■ : i ■m .■),p- If' vl'-'i ;>l lOC^ CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III. Tbo case 's precisuly like that of the genus of Doves, Leptoptila Swainsou, lately uumed JEiihmnpiila by Dr. Coues, ou acccuut of tbe previous LeptopHlua of Lesson." — (JoitDAN, Hull. U. S. Gcol. Hurv. Terr, vol iv, No. 2, p. 41H, 1878.) "^ ANALYSIS OF gPECI.^S OF QUASSILABIA. *Head short, conica), with lengthened snout, the region between the eyes flattened and with piotniueut mucous ridgos ; cheeks and lower part of head rather swollen; operele much reduced, itn greatest length scarcely greater than the diameter of tbe eye : head about 4| in length : eye 4J in length of head, about 2 in length of the snout, its situation thus nuite posterior; length of the top of the head 1| in the dist," ie« from the snout to the base of Ihe dorsal. Body rather slender, the form being between that of Myxostouia cervinum aud M. macrolepiduium, the depth 4} in the k'lifjtli. Dorsal (in rather low; its rays I, 12; A. I, 7; V. 9. Scales 5-45-5. Color olive or bluish-brown above; sides and belly silvery ; lower find faintly orange... laceha, 1. 1. QUASSILAPIA LACERA Jorda/i, tfc Bruyton. Hare-lip Suckn: Split-mouth Sucker. May Sucker of the Scioto, Cut-lipn. 1877 — Latjochila lacera Jokdan & Bkayton, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 280, 1877. Lufiochila lacera Joiioan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, oil, 1878. Quamlabia lacera Joudan, Man. Vert. td. 2d, 406, lSi'8. Qnamlubia lacera Jokdan, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. 418, 1878. H.iUlTAT. — Tennessee River. Scioto River. Only tliree specinieua of this 8iii{fular Sucker are yet known. Two of theso wore taken by Professo; Bray ton and my.seif in the Cliickiiii^auga Iii\ '^r at Uinpr{?f>ld, Catoosa County, Georgia, and the other in Elk Uiver near Estill Spiings, Tennessee. lu both the.se streams, the si)ecle,swas| well known to the Ilsheruien, who said that it is one of the uio.st altiiii dant .spceies in tho.se waters, and one of the most highly valued lor food. lu the Cliiekamauga, it is kiiown as the Harelip or Split mouth 8ueker| None of the specimens taki-n wrre mature, the largest being hut tei inches long, so that its ma.xiuiuni siz(> cannot be gi\en. Since the aliove was written, a Hue large specimen has been sent tomnj by J. LI. Kli|>i>art, Esq., of the Ohio Fish Conimi.sHion. It was taken ii| Scioto Kiver near Columbus, in April, 1H7H. Mr. Klippart inloriiiH iu( that the Kpecies is well known to the Scioto Ushermen, who call it Miij Sucker, a8 it runs up the river in May. That so strongly marked a sih-j cies has so long escaped the attention of ichtuyologists in the State Ohio is singidar. ni*- -voa Namber. ; -,■■ ■-■■■- Locality. Colltfctor. "4 =' (Mitckiiiiiniiirii lliver .. I), .s. Jorili 1 Placopharynx Cop, Type, Placophar Etymology, ;r;ij,j Suckers like bones are much oa tbe lower hal (Jric in form, be or flattened grii larged teeth var the highest and i abruptly truneaK much larger, and tiuncle for the sw, iii'd similar in for li'gber than the si 1)6 irregularly alte one, the long teetl faces had been mo As I have at pre wv young specim tlian to copy Profe au accurate one. (%'wtowa, etc.) i\ '^l-enever u diffeie, "Allied XoMyjco, lier, only seven on t » broad, truncate ti ^ntic, chitinlike sh Three divisions of t "With a great su ai'I'iiiatijs is dittcren »'|.,j| ■ 1; ; n >i >j.*A* 1 t IF'-I ^Wi- - ■ " =- - -i ^ mi b|r:.1 :■ f f frt ^«r"" M 1^- t*.v ■ 1- ■T ' > m'lA ||Hi(i:| 108 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY HI. pecjuliarities pre rarely noticed unless the pharyngeal teetli are exposed. The writer has obtained four sets of the pharyngeal jaws and one entire skeleton, but has seen only two small specimens, collected by Professor Brayton in the Illinois River, and has obtained none in life. Since the foregoing was written, I have collected numerous large specimens in the French Broad Uiver, ITorth Carolina, where it is the moat nbundant member of the family, known to all lis'aermen as the "Ked Horse". With a great superticial resemblance to the ISorthoi'u ]{ed Horse {Myxostomn macrolepklotum), Plncopharynjc carinatus ditters from all the si)ecies of Myxostoma in its larger and more oblique mouth and extremely thick lips. 2. rLACOPDARYNX CARINATUS Cope. liitj-jaucd Sucker. 1870 — Placopliarynx carinatiia Copk, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 4()7, 1870. Placopluiriinx carinaiun JoKPAN, FiMlies of Iiid. 2'il, 1875. (Name only.) Plavopharijnx curinatUH Johdan, Man. Vert. 'ilKJ, 187(5. Pldcophari/iix carinatua Nklsox, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Miis. Nat. HiH*;. 49, 1870. Placopharynx caHnaliiH .IokOAN &. Copkland, Check List, 158, 187(5. (Name only.) Placopharynx carinatus JoitDA.N, Prop. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 72, 1877. Placophari/nx carinatuH Jokdan «Sk GlLUKlir, in Klippart's Kept. 5U, 1877. (Name only.) Phnvpbariinx cariiiatun Ki.iri'AitT, First l{c|)ort Ohio Fish Commission, 8(5, 1^77. Plaropharynx carinatus JoiiDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 50, 1877. (Name only.) Placopharynx carinatus JoKDAN, Man. Vort. ed. 2il, Ull, 1878. Placopharynx carinatus .To'tPAN, Bnll. U. 8. Geol. Snrv. vol. iv.No. 2, p. 417, 187:*. HAiiiTA'r. — Mississippi Valley ami llpi)cr Groat Lakes. Wahasli River {Cope. Jordan. Scioto River. Ohio River. Detroit River. Illinois River. French Broail River. The following is Professor (lope's description of this s|)ecie8: — "The physiognon)y and proportions of this sucker are tho.se of the | Pt. cryihruruH or the 'red horse' of the Western Rivers. " The lips are large and plicate, the anterior pendent like that of llic /', collaps.is, the posterio/ fidl like that of Pf. cervinuN. Muzzle vcrtirallvj truncate. Length of head in that of body four times; depth of body iii| same ;3.0(J times ; scales 0—41—5. Radii 1). XIV, V. J), A. 7. Free mar gin of dorsal straight, not elevated anteriorly. Occipital region iiiorcj elevated medially than in Pi. erythrurm, superior ridges well mnrkcd.j with a special addition (characteristic of this species, and of notic otlirrl with which I am acquainted. This is a median longitudinal fn)iititl| ridge, extending from the fontauelle to botweeti the nasal ridges. OiiKl ■f:1 ■t,-- tlie posterior e: lougit'uJinaily width. Type, " Color in ale silvery. " The pharyn other species of inches, where tL twice as wide a.s base and narrow are seven broad at least forty on tiuiilly like those cite (extremities, (van's and forwa iitely in advance s|)('cimen of this t ^'abash River, in The writer has i iiois Riv(-r by Pr loinid in Scioto Ri bones taken by I)i Terre Haute. I h "Ifn^ -iilven in I),^ iiiutes A'litional ."\Ii tlje Fjilis of the ( Miulder above notr i'lflu' National Mu Since the forego ''^■'"g .specimens o "oil (Jict.u and ot "'«' following d<'N(.|i 15<>iv>r by Professor Baird, and now in the United States ^National Museuin, and a jaw from '* Post-i)lii)cene " deposit; near the Falls of the Ohio, found by Dr. John Sloan. The Jaws and air- iladder above noticed are the only specimens of this species preserved ill the National Museum. Since the foregoing was written, the writer has obtained numerous llivin}; specimens of PIncopharynx cariiiatiis from the French Broad at |Wolt Creek and other localities in Morth Carolinii. From one of these, It' following dese.ri|>tion was taken : — Body obh)ng, moderately compressed, lieavj at the shoidders : head Ivory liirge, .'{1} in length of the body : eye small, behind the middle of the bi'ad : niouth extremely large, the lower jaw ol)lique when the mouth is [closed, the mouth, therefore, protractile forwards as well as downwards : lisvi -v thiidv, coa'' Vv p'icate, the lower lip full and heavy, truncate jlcliiud : head abnve evenly nnnnled, in my specimens not showin;; tho icarination described by Professor Copi^ : s(;ales G-45-G , dorsal rays 13; rcntrall): color brassy green nbuvu | lower fins rod. iV. ' • > ' » . .. ,• r. .*. J ..,-*' «.A . ■ * S-, 110 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. '•i:W _ **V t ii ■' , Genus MYXOSTOMA (Mqfinesque) Jordan. Catoslomiis up. Lk SuEun, and of all writers till 1855. MoxoKtoma Rafixesquk, Iclithyologia OhienHia, 1820, 54. (Proposed as a subgenus for tLose species of Caiosiomus with eight ventral rnys and the caudal lobes un- equal : typo C. anisurus Raf.) TereiuluH Rafinesque, Ichthyologia Ohiensis, 1820, 57. (As n snbgenns, to iiiolnde those species of Catoatomua with nine ventral rays: no typo designated— innst of the species recorded belong to the present genus. C. aureolas Le Sneur is the species first mentioned, and to tiiis species and its relatives the name Tirttulus was afterwards restricted by Professor Cope.) Ptijchoalomns Agabsiz, Americ.in Journal of Science and Arts, 1855, p. 20:5. (No type designated : the species mentioned are P. aureolas, P. vmcrolepidotus, I', diiques- nil, and /'. melanops, P. aureolus has been considered the typo of the gi-nuB.) TeretuluH Cope, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 18(i8, 236. MoxoHloma Jokdan, Manual of Vertebrates, 1876, 295. Myxostoma Jokdan, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1877, 348. (Corrected orthography.) Etymology, /ii;fu, to suck ; arofta, month. Type, Calontomus nniHurun Rafinesque. Body more or less elongate, sometimes nearly terete, usually more or less compressed. ^ , Head variously long or short, its length ranging from 3^ to 5^ in tliiit of the body : eye usually rather large, varying from 3 to G times in the j length of the side of the head, its position high up and median or rather posterior: suborbital bones very narrow, always much loiifjerl than broad, their width less than one-fourth that of the fleshy part of the cheek: lontrnelle on top of head always well open, the parietalj bones not coalescing. Mouth varying mucii in size, always inferior in position, the mandiblel being hoi izontal or nearly so: lips usually well developed, the form of the lower varying in difl'erent seciions of the genus, usually with a siiglitj median Ussnre, but never deeply incised; the lips with transversoj plica) — the folds rarely so broken up as to form papillte : jaws witlioutj conspicuous cartilaginous sheath: mueilerous system considerably iu type has been selected by any author, then the "principle of exclusion shouhl be applied, and the name be retained for such species as may left to the last, on subtracting from the mongrel group the diflere component genera in chronological order. In this view, Teretulus^ having been by Professor Cope, in ISOS, stricted to C. atcreolus Le S. and its alllues, these being congeneric \vi species previousl.v called Moxostoma, becomes a synonym of Moxostom and cannot be used for a distinct genus. Tbe principle of excliisi if unmodified, would require us to use the name Teretulus for tli species left on subtractiug Catostomus proper, Moxostoma, Cumposton tjrimijzou, and Jlifpentt'lium, i. e., in place of Minytrema. Ptiichostomi's Agassiz was proposed for this same group, with reference to the two names conferred by Kafinesque. This geiui well characterized by Professor A gassiz on tbe peculiarities of the ^c and Jips, althoug '" i^- The most was first noticed I liave seen fit t to Myxostoma, \n t is rather desirable Iname Mo.vostoma I different gen ns. T''e genus Myxc I respectively by i/. jtie form of the moi j?enus Erimyzon; th Icommon in this geni ' Mox-osTOMA Raflnesqu, ''"'"'■""' '•^i-«,'Iorsalfi„ ^"'■'••«l..:ni„,,l rays, do, ■okpuloius, c. hnniro.t„ '•""•'"' "ml C.o6/„„^, Prvcno«TOM,-.sA«a8«iz, i"N, this g mm: Th„ generic '^'^ '^^ «f.o,,e.. ana «to, Kw i„ proportion th "-"^ ofthn fenwUe. and ' wild narrou-. "'«»'aIo«aroa« largo o,^ '''«"'"t<'ral.o„f,„„^„, '''"•, witlj rounded vxh low "le posttri ,'«'.' or tbtti- „,„,„ nriMi ^"''"••^"•oinU.epoHter '"■'''^;"'"-"fU.oa "f ffio Jaf..r»I line iw fie/d. "'•''"ryngoaJanr^ stroj '"« '"argin in «ep«,„,,, '"^reusing rather rapidiv ^""- -V. M. Ko. 12- GENUS MYXOSTOMA. 113 and lips, although the speeies of Minytretna was inadvertently included in it. Tlie most important generic feature, the tricellular air bladder, was Qrst noticed by Professor Cope. I have seen fit to changfi the orthography of the name from Moxontoma to Myxostoma, in accordance with its api)areiit etymology. This change is rather desirable from the fact that it tends to avoid confusion, the name Moxostoma having been commonly used in couucction with a (lifterent genns. Tlie genus Myxostoma contains two well marked sections, typified respectively by M. velatum and M. macrolepklotum, and characterized by the form of the mouth and lower lip : that of M. vehtta being as in the jenus Erimyzon; that ot M. macrokpidotum being of the character most |comuion in this genus. ■ •■ : ■ ' ■ v = :■ =,: ' 'V'" ' Getierio Characterisations. MoxosTOMA Rafiiiesqiio, 1820. — " Body oblong, conipreseed ; head compressod, eight doiuiiiiil rays, dorsal liii conimo ly lougitudiaal ; tail commonly unequally forked." — Iclil/ii/o/ofyia 0//ieH8i8, p. 54.) [Tkkkti'I.us Rafinesqno, 1820. — " Body elongate cylindrical oi somewhat qiiadrangu- ir. !) alHl():iiinal rays, dorsal ii.js commonly small; tail equally forked. An exten- live subgenus, to which belong all the following Hpecies of LeSneur: Caiirvolug, C. rolepidotw, V. hunrontrum, C. nigricans, C. vittatiia, C. maculosus, C. sucetta, besides eC teres and C. oblongua of Dr. Mitchill."— (/c/i. Oh. p. 57.) IhYCiiosTOMTH Agassiz, 18.')5. — "In respict to form of body and the structnro and teitinn of the fins, this genns dees not dilfcr from Catostomns proper, but may bo iigiiish( ur two in the posterior field and one on each side limiting that liild from the lii-lds; thos» of the anterior field are more numerous, and yet not crowded. l(ol the lateral line arising in the centre of radiation or farther back upon the rinr lield. !he pliaryngeals are strong, their entire edge spreading like a wing, and that iiliu}{ margin is separated ftom the symphysis by u deep emargination. The ^iurreusing rather rapidly in size from above downwards, are more apart from om liull. N. M. No. 12—8 ' I t "I'N \ VV ■ • ' .'V ' l2 i * • » . V''h* IS r'-t ' 'A^: ■(■,« ^1 »'; '. ' . „>'i) '^' >■ ' 'Mi '^ 'r fl & :> :¥'l I . '» f "> 1 » <.i »"'.'* -J » ' -W^.:"^ ^'' ■ , 1 > - 1 ... ■ -■ • •■ . ■^.'- 'fr Kj y < i. 5; i 114 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. another than in the preceding genera, and arched inward as in Moxostonia, the inuer edge of the lower ones square, its inner margin rising into a broad cusp in the middle and upper teeth."— (-^^Immcan Jonrn. Svi. Arts, xix, p. 203.) TniJETULUS Cope, 1868. — "The essential character «f this genus is the division of the natatory bladder into three chambers, while Catostomus and all Cyprinidaa, cxhil)it but two. This feature is accompanied by plicate lips, as Agassiz has indicated, and nine rays to the ventral fin, already pointed out by Rafincsque. The species are tbc largest scaled of the typical suckers. Lo Sueur and Valenciennes have pointed ont the generic features in the P. macrolepUlotns ; Prof. Baird informs me that it occurs in rt. florealis Bd., and I find it in Pt. cervinua and Pt. diiqucsnii. Iti no doubt exists also in the Pt. aureolas. Other species described by Baird and Girard from the South- west probably possess it. "It is difficult to assign a name to this genus. Rafinesquo proposes it upon unten- able characters, and includes with it species of Moxostonia and Catostomus. Agassiz purged it of these elements, but did not express its essential character, apparently rclj- ing on the plicate lips. I Lave taken the older name, leaving for others the final decision." — (Journal Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1808, p. 236.) Ptychostomus Cope, 1870. — " Tlie development of the lips furnish important dia);- nostic indications in this genus. lu tho^e mcst nearly allied to Moxostonia, the inferiur lip resembles that of that genus in being narrower and deeply incised, eniiuginati' posi riorly forming a liguie V with the apex forwards, at the same time the superior lip is very thin and often narrow. Such species are shorter, and tend to a j;!'!-:!! de- velopment of dorsal flu. Others of this typo are more elongate. Some species of both I -are distinguished by their very prominent conic muzzle and minute, inferiorinouth, I reminding one of the Carpiodes. In one species the lips are papillose instead of plicate. | Jn Bomo species, the mouth is very projectile, in others scarcely so at all. "Ratinesquo proposed a genus TtrctuZus on the characteristic peculiarity of nine ven-| tral radii, belonging to most species of this genus. He however included .s]ieciesof| two other genera. On this account, Agassiz, in rearranging the suckers, imposed odI it the name standing at the head of this article, regarding the plicate lips as a primaryl character. 1 think Raflnesque's name is 'o be rejected, owing to its ill application;! the more as I find two species in which there are ton ventral radii. I adopt thatofl Agassiz, though 1 showed, when describing the Pt. cervinus, that the tricellular nataJ tory bladder was a more distinctive feature. This becomes the more obvious iiowthaj I have found a species where the lips are tubercular instead of plicate."— (/'roc. .liiij PHloa. Soc. Phila. p. 4m.) MoxosTOMA Jordan, 187(i.— " Dorsal moderate, of 11 to 20 rays : air bladder in thrc^ parts: lips usually plicate: lateral line very distinct : pharyngeal teeth numerous anl all small, of the usual lyi»o, the be ut's slender" (in comparison with those of rkcophi^ rynx).—{Man. Vert. E. U. S. p. 292.) MoxosTOMA Cope & .Jordan, 1877. — " Body oblong or elongate, with a short 8ui| qnadrato dorsal iiu of 10 to 17 developed rays : air bladder in three parts : lateral 1 present : fontanelle present : scales large, subequal : pharyngeal bones not eHpeci»l|| eulftrgad, the teeth of the usual type."— (Jordan, Proo. Acad. Nat. Soi. Phila. 1877,1 €1.) ' Lips distinctly p] fLowerlipfuijj «• Species witt *• Dorsal fin 3f to 4i brgo: I depth ab other spe fin : scale fins white l>h. Dorsal fin r c- Scales larg d. Caudal ( e. Head i cnrv head upwi head /• Eye 1 hea fain the 8am< presi unns size ««. Head no ff- Moat by ing ray low A. Hei .in -- ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF MYX08T0MA. 115 ANALYSIS OP SPECraS OF MYX08T0MA. ' Lips distinctly plicate. t Lower lip full, its posterior edge truncate, not infolded and " yy-shaped". a. Species with tbo body distinctly compressed, the depth 3^ to nearly 5 in length, 6. Dorsal fin largely developed, its rays 15 to 18 in number: head rather large, 3f to 4J in length, broad above: month large, with full lips: eye rather large : body deep, strongly compressed, the back somewhat elevated, the depth about 3J in length : dorsal fin high and large, larger than in anj other species of tho genus, the first ray about as lor-' as the base of th<> fin : scales 5-43-4, quite large : coloration very pale and silvery, the lower fins white carpio, 3. bb. Dorsal fin moderate, its rays I'i to 14 in number, c. Scales large, 41 to 50 in the course of the lateral lino. d. Caudal fin normal, the two lobes about equal and similarly colored, e. Head singular in form, much shortened, the muzzle very abruptly de- curved, descending almost peqiendicularly in front of the eye: the head wedge-shaped from behind forwards, and less so from below upwards, its sides snbvertical and the lower cross-diameter of the head greater than the upper. /. Eye very large, Lore than one-third the length of the side of the head (in an individual of six inches in length) : lips thin, very faintly plicate : width of head through the opercles greater than the thickness ot the body : head 4J in length ; depth about the same : dorsal rays 13 : scales (J-43-5 : body shortish, closely com- pressed, the back somewhat elevated, and the caudal peduncle unusually long in proportion : color smoky-bine ; lower fins white : size probably small kuryops, 4. te. Head normal in form, not as above. g. Mouth moderate or large, not very small, nor very much overpassed by the muzzle : lips thick, strongly plicate : body stoutish, vary- ing to mo.i H . .!«n . jjf ^ljg preceding: scales distinctly smaller, 7 or 8-48 to 50-6: back with much smoky shading lachrymaJe. ,|fl 'It lis CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. :| *Lips distinctly plicate — Continaed. XXX. Head still shorter and deeper, A\ to 5 iu len{,'tli, its upper profile concurrent with the cuivo of the back, which is considerably elevated, the form being thus somewhat elliptical : Hides compressed : dorsal rays usually 13: coloration little silvery, the sides reflecting brownish and golden ; back smoky, so no of the scales dusky at base : scales 6-42 to 50-5 macrole^nihium. Kh. Head comparatively short, low and small, 5 to 5^ in Icngtb; back elevated and compressed ; depth 8^ in length : niontli rather small, more or less overpassed by the snout : color- ation bright yellowish-brown, etc., not silvery ; lower fins bright red : dorsal rays 13: scales 0-4"^ to 48-5: size large. AUSiEOLUM, C. gg. Mouth very small, much overpassed by the conic muzzle : bead small, about 5 iu length, t. Body flattish, the back elevated and compressed; depth lij; muzzle contracted : scales large, 5-44-5 : dorsal rays usiialh 12 : dorsal flu elevated iu front, its iirst soft ray Ioniser tiian the base of the fin : color silvery, with smoky tbadint; above, some of the scales blackish at their bases ; lowtr liiis white; top of head, humeral bar, aud dorsal tin dusky. CRASSILAIIUE, 7. it. Body flattish, the dorsal outline elevated, the form being like that of M. coregonua: head small and conic: mouth exceed- ingly small, the snout far overpassing it, the muzzle being much longer than in M. ci-assihibre : dorsal rays 14 : eye large : coloration smoky .ibove, some scales dusky at their , bases; sides pale; lower fins white coNi'.s, !^. dd. Caudal fin with the upper lobe falcate, much longer ^'lan the lower, at I least in the adult, the lobes similarly colored : dorsal fin short and j high, falcate: body compressed; back somewhat elevated; (bptL 3; in length: head conic, flattish, 5^ in length: mouth very small, iimeh as] in aurcolum. D. 12-13, half higher than long : scales G-40-5. • ANISURA,9.j ddd. Ccu I ««. Species wit ttL;>werlipthin,no tt Lower lip infolded ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF MYX08T0MA. 117 •Lips distinctly plicate — Continned. . ;■ « i ^ > ;.;^. ., .i.iiirf < v j-' CO. Scales very auiall for the genun, about 9-56-8 in number : body moderately elongate, the depth aboui 4 in the length. "' ee. Head shortish, conic, the snout not much projecting, about 4 in length : ' eye large : dorsal iin h.mall, with about eleven rays, the last rapidly shortened (charai-ters of mouth unknown, but probably similar to macrolep'ulotum and paxilura; it is said to be " much larger than in P. congestub") aijiidum, 11. ua. Species with the body elongate, little compressed, brop.d, the depth about r> in length, not very much greater than the thickness. j. Head very short, roundish above, rather pointed forwards, about 5 in length : cheeks subvertical : mouth rather large, w ith thick lips, which are strongly plicate, the folds some- what broken up: eye small: tins very small, the dorsal rays 10 to 12 : scales rather large, 6-44 to 49-5 : color green- ist-brown, a pale blotch on each scale, these forming con- tinuous streaks along the rows of scales : back with more or less distinct brownish cross-blotches ; fins brownish, not much red ; the dorsal blackish at tip : size smallest : length less than a foot ceuvini'm, 12. tt Lc/wer lip thin, not infolded and "/V-shaped", forming a narrow, crescent-shaped border around the mandible. / k. Head small, 5 times in length: muzzle prominent, but less so than in M. coregonus : mouth moderate: back a little elevated : depth about ',\i in leugt h : dorsal rays 12 to 14, its free border often incised : scales 6-45-.') : colora- tion very pale; lower tins white: sizL' large; reaches a ' weight of four pounds or more album, 13. kk. Head stout, as in M. velatum, rather long in length, flattish above, muzzle truncate, not very prominent : < mouth moderate: back elevated: dorsal flu long, of 14 or 15 rays: sea-green above; white below; lower fins white THALA6SINCM, 14. ttt Lower lip infolded, /V-shaped when viewed from below, with a distinct median crease, in which the two halves of the lip meet, forming an acute angle : mouth small. I. Dorsal large, with 16 (15 to 17) developed rays. m. Body stout, deep, compressed, the back elevated, the depth 3 to 4 in length : head short, heavy, flattisli and broad above, thick through the cheeks, 3} to 4^ in length : eye rather large, midway in head, 4 to 5 in its length : muzzle rather prominent, bluntisb, overhanging the very small mouth : fins very large : dorsal long and high, its height five-sixths the length of the head : pectorals nearly reaching ventrals • color silvery, smoky above ; lower fins red : size large vklatum, 15. . 'f' k ' k . i'\ 'if, ■% ' HI .!»/;{ ■ ■..ml / m ii lii HI |M|«II |i 11 H Vi Bw' Ii :J 118 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — 'III. "Lips distinctly plicate — Coutinued. II. Dorsal moderate, with 12 to 14 developed rays. n. Head comparatively large, about 4 in length: dursa! rays usually 12. 0. Head short and very wide through the opercles. flat above: body stout, the back somewhat elevated, de^ith 4 in length : muzzle uubtrun- cate, slightly projecting : scales G-40-5 : oliva- ceous, silvery below ; dorsal fin dusky. CONOESTUM, Ifi, 00. Head rather long, 4^ in length, flattish abovi>: body elongate, more nearly cylindrical, littb compressed: muzzle truncate: olivaceous, some- times with rows of faint spots along the series of scales ; dorsal and caudal fins black-udged : size quite small: resembles M. cervinum, but tlio mouth entirely different piimensk, 17. nn. Head very small, about 5 in length : muzzle conie, much projecting beyond the very small iiioath; body broadly fusiform, much compressed, the back elevated and arched : dorsal rays 14 : culur silvery, with plumbeous shades above ; lower fins white : size small coregoxus, !■> ** Lips full, strongly papillose, much as in the subgenus IlypenteUum. p. Body comparatively stout, the dorsal region somewhat elevated and rounded, the Jepth being about 4 in length, the head about tbe same : eye rather largo, high up and well back, the preorbital space being longer thau ir. tbe other species : top of head flat : dorsal rays IJ to 14 : scales rather large, 6-42 -') : lips well developed, deeply incised : color silvery; back with smoky shading; lower fins white: size large, reaches a length of about two feet PAPIIXOSL'M, 111 3. MYXOSTOMA CARPIO (Valenciennes) Jordan. Carp Mullet. While Lake MuVet. l8ii—Catostomu8 carpio Valkncibnnes, Cuv. et Val. His'.,. Nat. des Poiss. xvii, 457, pi. i 517. CatoBtomua carpio Storer, Synopsis, 426, 1846. " ' ~ Catoatomua carpio GCntubr, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mas. vii, 20, 1668. Ptychosiomua carpio Cope, Froc. Am. Philos. Soc. Pliila. 476, 1870. Ptychostomua carpio Jordan, Fishes of Ind. 221, 1675. (Name only.) Moxoetoma a Tcretulua carj Ta-etuliia car^ MoxoBtoma va 1»77. (Nai ^yxostoma ca Habitat.— Great Tbis species ii Iirobably cliieay a flue lar.. 'ni'iv '■-;,;.;■ ■'/!»# ..: ■>:v '■..'■' ^-::vi;^M ;:•' \ ■:^r:.i^ 1 fr -''HVy'f'^ ;■■ ^'f^: 120 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 5. MYXOSTOMA MACKOIEPIDOTCM {Le Sueur) Jordan. Commci lied Horse Mullet. W!.Ue Sucker. Large-scaled Sucker. a. SubspeciiH macro'epidotum. l&l't — Catoslomus macrohpidotus Li: Slkuk, Journ. Ac. Nut. 8c. Pbila. i, 94. Catontomm macrolepidoliis DkKay, New York Faiiiia, part i\, Fisbits, '20;?, 1842. CatoniomHsmacrJejiidottwCvYiv.n & Valenciennks, Hist. Nat. ilcs roij-soiiH, xvii, 447, 1844. CatoHtomus macrolepidvtHH Stokeh, Synopsis, 420, 184(i. riijchostomns macrolepidotus Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 2cl series, xix, '2(\i. 18:)r). PtychoHtmnus macrohpidotus Copk, Proc. Am. Philos. 8oc. Pliila. 47.'), 1870. rtiicliostomiis macrolepidotus Jokdan, Fishes of Ind. 221, 1875. (Name "iily.) MoxoHtoma maaoJepidotum Johdax, Man. Vi-rt. 29(i, 187G. Teretulus macrohp'dotiim Nklsox, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Miis. Nat. Ilist. 4U, 187(i. Culostomus macrolepidotus Uiii,i;i: & LuocKU, Fishes 8. Catostomus oneida Stokeii, Syno^isis, 42."), 184<). rtijchostomua ouclda Copk, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 47f>, 1870. li^70—l'l!jchiintomuH robustus Coi'E, Proc. Aui. Philos. Soc. Pbila. 473. TiretuluH rohustus .loitDAN & t'oi ELAND, Cheek List, l.'JT, 187(1. (Name only. l67V>—I'tnHi)eeies laciirymale (Copo) Jordan. 1870 — Ptiiehostomus hiehriimalis Cope, Proc. Am. Pliilos. Hoe. Phila. 474. Teretulus lachrymalis JouriAN &, Copeland, Check List, l.'>7, 187(>. (Name only.) .U.i/.roN/omi. duquesuH var. lachrymalis Johda.n, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, W,j lf<77. MyxoHtoiHH miurolepidota vur. lachrymalis Joki>a.\, Man. Vert, edi SW, 3l;t, Itf'd. Hauitat.— North Carolina to Ahihanui. ^ „. ,^^^1.. -— - r. SabBpcclcs duqutHnei (Le Sueur) Jordan. Vnt — Catiistorfius duipiesuii Lk HuErii, .Fourn. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliilu. 105. Calostomiis ilui—Catoslotuus crytht Catostomus tryiht CatoHtnmun erythr I'tychoxtomus (ryt i'tychostmnuH cry It Tentulus trylhrur Y^'^^i^utilus mchiuurus Hauitat.— Ohio Vall( toui Wisconsin to Oeor Exnmiiiafioii of a m ViirioiKs partH o 'tijcr iim'.':j)ect('(l, k'lO'l.VIIiy iH'loil^r (o '"ii"^SAIiillet"of( 3".v to differ in i *l«r head, am! b I'i*'' rcprcsciiLs tli(> "trolrphlofi,,,, i„ ,..„ >, 187(). Tereliilus diiqiicsnii Joudan & CoPELiVND, Cbpck List, 157, 187ii. (Naino only.) Moxotitoma dnqnesiiei Jordan & Gii-HEHT, in Klippart's Kept. 53, 187G. (Xanio only.) ilijxoHtoma dnqmanii .Johdan, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 341), 1877. Myxonloma diiqiieKnii Joudvn, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 37, 1877. MyxoHtonia macrolepidota var. diiquemn Joudan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, p. 313, 187d. |ljl8— C4. CatostomiiH (ri/ihritriis Rai iNEsgt'E, Ich. Oh. fil), 1820. CatoHtoiniis triithnirim KiinLAXD, Rept. Zool. Ohio, 108, 1838. rtilchoKlomim criilkniriiit Cope, Pro,-. Am. Pliilos. Soc. Phila. 474, 1870. rtychoslmnvH eriitlnuriis Jordan, Fishes of Ind. 221, 1875. (Name only.) TtntnUia enjIhriiriiH Joudan & Copei.and, Check List, 157, l87G. (Nuiue only.) IrM— A'i(fi?i(» vnlniuruH RAli.NEsgUE, Ich. Oh. 51. Haiiitat. — Ohio Valley. Upjier Mississippi River and southwanl; most al)undaut Itiiiu Wisconsin to Georgia. Exniniiiiitioii of a very liir{io serios of "Mullet" and "lied lloisc" urn various [lartH of the coutitry has led uie to tlie (loiicliisioii, at lirst Wbcr uiiexpeeled, tbat all tiie various forii « included in the abovo ^iionyiiiy 'oehnif; to oiio widely diflused luid somewhat vtiriable .species. Tlie "Mullet" of the lakes and of Eastern Pennsylvania appears gen- erally to differ in the more elevated and compressed body, sh(>rfer, qier head, and brownish or brassy rather than silvery coloration, bis represents the jjeneral temlercy of " var. wjacro/cyxV/o^ow" ; Lut nmu'iLs of "r/j.7/Mt'«Mti" can be fountl which will match the average Krokphlofuin in each of these respects. The form which I Imve idou- |ifitnl with Profes.sor t'ope's luchrymale i«« to somo extent internu'diate, vt ImH the addititunil pecnlituity of smaller scakui. In this respect, iowov('r,occ:»sional individutds, both of duqiteHUci and of mm'ioU'indoUnnj M>e loiiiMJ \viii(!h ii|»proaeh it. Tli(>ronii iidiabiting the waters of the eastern and northern parts ot the |iiiti-(l IStateH is the vm jety macroU'imhtum. It is 8uid commonly as u food* ."'■'■'J'' t»>' . '-^ ■ •' '■''<]'9 ■'••'. . • ■■ •- ■' i f n 4* I \j '. at''* ■,■■■ ■■ •.•.•.:,;'rs-'t I - ■ • ' .■.';'■•■*' 3^1 I/A i' ■ 1 i* ^ ! I 122 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. fish in tbe winter and spring in the markets of Washington and Philiidel. phia, as well as in the markets of those cities in the West which are sup. plied by the fisheries of the Great Lakes. It is probably mach more abundant in Lake Erie than M. aureolum is, and it has been frcqiiently coiifonuded with the latter species. I once obtained two specimens, each of nearly twelve pounds vreight, in the Fox liiver in Wisconsin. In the Ohio River and its tributaries, and in the rivers of the South- west generally, the var. duqueann is the prevailing I'orm. This variety is more delicately colored than the other, the silvery lustre of the suaies is more strongly marked, and the red of the flus is rather more vivid. This form, too, is valued somewhat as a food-flsh, although the flesli, lik»i that of all the Suckers, is comparatively coarse, tasteless, and lull of bones. The variety ditquesnci is everywhere known by thi^ curious ver- nacular name of "Rtd Uorse", a name possibly to be accounted for by tbe color of the tins and the form of the head. This variety also grows to a large size. The variety lackrymale I only know from specimens obtained in Lto- wah liiver, Georgia, in company with the variety duquesnei. Nothiiij; distinctive was noticed in regard to its habits. The lied Uorse prefer rather deep, clear water, seldom ascending very small streams, and then chietiy in the spawning season — in May— ;U which time they may be found in great abundance in any rapid uf »{ river or a creek, or below a mill pond. They are generally «^auglit bv nets, traps, or snares, but will frequently bite at a hook baited witbii| worm. In the oonflnementof an aquarium, the Ked Horse are not very hardyl Foul water kills them at once. Synniii/mH. — Tln^ earlicHt name given to a l{e«l Horse is that of Cato\ stomuH macroU'pidotm Le Sueur. The specific name macrolepidotiismu) therefore be retained for this species. The s|»ecific name oneida, givcii by DeKay to an individual froui Oneida Lake, New York, doulitlcsi belongs here, as the var. mavridepidotum is the only membei' of tbij genus known to iidiabil that part of New York, and there are noseriouj discrepancies in the rather poor Ner\ed by ptull events, it Is t( ill** Rut Huh mel„ Tobahly rt young H '•■'chtlmt acute, i;ui MYXOSTOMA MACROLEPIlyOTUM. 123 that name, and I am unable to distinguish it from typical inacrolcpidotuniy although the mouth is rather small, more like that of aiireclum. I have identified certaiu specimens with Professor Cope's P. lachrymale with a little doubt, as the points of diflerentiatiou w hich I notice are not tjiose einpijasized by Professor Cope. The original types, which 1 bilieve are now lost, were from the Neuse lliver in Nortii Carolina. In describ- ing tins species, Professor Cope remarks, " This species is quite near the last (P. crylhrurm) and niay at some future time be shown to be a local j varii'ty of it, but in this case P. macrolcpidotna must follow also." The synonyms of var. duquesnei may now be noticed. Of these, the only one of importauco is that of Catostomus erythrurus Kafiuesque, recently .ecognized by Professor Cope as a species distinct from P. uqucsnii. The presence often ventral rays in duqucsnii, as contiasted with nine Irentral rays in erythrurus, is the chief point du which Professor Cope rflies to distinguish the two species, lie also finds the mouth rather |aioro inferior in duquesnii, and the scales rather smaller, 7-4S-7, instead )f5-4l.'-4. Ill regard to the number of ventral rays, my experience is that iu every Upecies of the geuus the normal number is nim, but that ten-rayed individuals occur in the proportion of about one iu twenty in any of the species. I have seen specimens of duquesnii with nine rays on one side md ten on the other. I have therefore discarded all consideration of lllie number of ventral rays as a specific character. In regard to the Inamber of scales in the lateral line, the usual number in most of the Ispecies is 43 to 44; but of every species in which I have been enabled Ito examine a large series of individuals, 1 have found a rang(; exteud- liug I'roui 42 to 49. I have seen tenrayetl specimens of (/j<(/«t'»wei with |lari;c scales, and nine-rayed crytltruri with snuill ones. Within the limit fid'i lo AO I therefore do not consider the number of scales as a perma- [nut H[K'eific character. The gii/ter i)rorainence of the muzzle in duqnes- ifi, as observed by Professor Cope, is perhaps accidental or individual. |Atall evj'iits, it is too uncertain a feature to base a spt-cies on. riio HutiluH mvlttnuruH of Uafiucsqiie is, as I have elsewhere shown, ^rubably a young lied Horse, with a dusky-shaded dorsal and caudal, (hich that acute, i lut snporflciul, observer mistook for a species of Diico. A. '>V^ .-•';• ^H ■*;:-■ ?-'''..!w|j .■■-..■ •••-...vh': . Vl" X ^■i ■ . in ."% i A- 1 124 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. 7995 8754 905(5 10631 10082 10C89 lllOC 12316 12317 12318 12319 13755 18251 18253 18254 18255 18256 18257 19451 20230 20263 20278 8025 8526 10794 12208 12209 1227^ 20040 20075 20773 Locality. Var. macroJepidotum. '' Probably North Caroliua " . Potomac River Potomac River I'otomac River Potomac River ...'. Potomac River Potomac River Potomac River Potomac River Ash Creek, Arizona {"congestus") . Potomac River Potomuu River Potomac River Potomac River , Potomac River Potomac River Potomac River Bli.ek River, Now York Nebraska, PucilJc Railroad Survey " Urookiyu " Var. duquesnii. Yellow Creek, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinmiti, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cumbitrland River, TennonHeo Normal, IllinnlN. Collector. J. W. Milner J. W. Miluer. J. W. Milner. J.W. Miluer. J. W. Milner. J. W. MiliK J.W Miluor. J. W. Milner. D,.J.T.Rockrrjik, G. B. Gdode. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goude. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goode. J. W. Milner. S. F. Baird. Governor Steveun J. C. Brevoort. 8. F. Baird. J. W. Milner J.W. Milner, J. W. Milner. J. VV. Milner. A. Wincliell. 8. A. Forber. (). MYXOSTOMA AUREOLUM (Lr Sueur) Jordan. Golden Red Home, Lake Mullet. lan—Catostomiis aureolus Lk SUKUit, Journ. Ac. Nat. Hoi. Phila. i, 95. Catontomun auroohia Kl.iTl.AND, Re[it. Zool. Ohio, lUH, 1838. CatoittomHs anreolns KiUTr.AND, BoHton Journ. Nat. Hint. iii,349, 1840. ("atonlomuit aureoliu DrKay, Now York Fauna, port iv, Fishes, 201, lH4ii. Catostomva au Catostolmis au Ptychostomus i Ptychoatomus o Ptychostomus a Catostoniua au description ) Ptycfionlomiia at Moxoatoma aun Ttretulioi aureol Teretiiliin aunol Moxostoma aurei Myxostoma .;;rei \.i—Catoaotnu8 leaue yii^—CiiprinuH {Catoa 1836. Catoatomua aueur Catoatomua aueur Catoatomua siitur Plyehoatomua aue, Tcntuhia aueurii , |ite— 6'fl/o«/omM« macro syn. part. Not Habitat.— Great Lak Tliis species in ve I variety of it, ns spcu [itilb (lifliculh- djstii lead, smaller inontl ji'uisli them. This 8 jwart'iitiy morc^ noi l^vDeKay. Tbe synonymy of |probiil»Ie that C. la "the imizzie projcet Inolicslonfr, if,.„r,.t>,., psdrst given, and ji |tl'<'articIe"/c"i8not MYXOSTOMA AUREOLLM. 125 >M Catoatomut aureolm Storer, Hynopsis, 420, 184(5. Catost&lKua aurcotua Agassiz, Lake Superior, 357, 1850. Ptychoatomua aurcolua Agassiz, Am. Jonrn. Sc. Ar.'s, 2d series, xix, 204, 1855. Ptychoaiomiw aureolus Putnam, Bull. Mus. Coiup. Zool. 10, 18(5;$. Ptychoatomua aureolua Copk, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sc. Phila. 285, 1864. Catostomiia aurtolua GCntiikk, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 16, 1868. (In part; description apparently cop;ed aud confuse*!.) Ptychoftomua aureolua Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 476, 187C ' Moxoatoma aureolum Jordan, Man. Vert. 21)5, 1876. • Tereiulua aureolum Nelson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 40, 1876. Teirtulna aurioluaJounw & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Moxoatoma aureola Jordan & Gilbert, in Klijipart's Rejjf. 53, 1876. (Name only.^ Myxoatoma ..vrtoJa Jordan, Man. Vert. E. U, S. ed. 2d, 314, 1878. \- 2—Caioa omua leaueuril Richardson, Franklin's Journal, 772, 1823. H36— Ci/prini/* {Catoslomna) aueurii Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Am. Fishes, pp. 118, 303, 1836. Catoatomua aururii Cuv. & VaL., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 4(55, 1844. Catoatomua aueuri DEKA\,New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 203, 1842. Catoatomna aueurii Storer, Synopsis, 125, 1846. Ptychoatomua aueurii Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 477, 1870. Tervtuhia aueurii Jordan & Coj'eland, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) \\%)<— Catoatomua maerolvpidotua G>5nther, Cat. F'shes Brit. Mus. vii, 18, 1808. (Excl. syn. part. Not of Le Sueur.) Habitat. — Great Lake L'egion, Upper Missouri aud Ohio Valleys, and northward. This species is very closelj' related to the last, and mny ponsibly be a [variety of it, as specimens of var. macrolepidotum often occur wiiicli are (tith (lifiiculty distinjifuislied from it. In f;eneral, however, tlie smaller bead, smaller month, and deei)er body of aureolum sufliciently distin- L'liLsli them. This species is less abnndant than macrolepidotum, and is Lppiireiitly more northerly in its distribution. It Las been well lifjured |bv DcKay. Tbe synonymy of this species needs no special remark. It seems jprobiible that (J. lesucurii belongs here, although the statement that "the muzzle jirojccts an inch beyond the mouth" in a specimen 19 liDclii's long, if correct, would indicate difference. The name " le nueuriV^ hiiH first given, ami afterwards changed to "«Meun7 "on the ground that lllic article "fe" is not an integral part of Lo Sueur's name. i' t i • ^^ if t. '<' y^ uM i" t' I ' 'V 4 * •. . 5! » 'MS KU ■'.'" j • * 'V *t {1 1 1' If ''■ im '' ' .' W. 1 I'i* w 1 a Is- r 1 8252 11074 limi i2-ir)7 12294 1244G 20272 Carlisle, Pa Sandusky, Ohio Sandusky, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio l5corso. Mien . ■. Root River, WisconBin . Collector. S. F. Bainl. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. S.F.Baird. 7. MYXOSTOMA CRASSILABRE (Co2)e) Jbrrfon. ''^ Thiclc-Upped MuUet. 1870 — rtychostomns crassilalris CoPK, Proc, Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 477, 1870. Tcretiilua crassilabris Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 187C. (Name onlj-.) Mtjxostoma crassilabris Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 314, 1878. HAniTAT. — Nense River, North Carolina. Tl)i'. species is kuown only from Professor Cope's description. It appears to be distinct from M. aurcolum^ which is probably its nearest rehitivc. Nothing has been noted in regard to its habits. 8. MYXOSTOMA CONUS {Cope) Jordan. Long-nosed MuUet. 1870 — Ptychostomus conns, Copk, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 478. 'Ttretnlits conus, Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 187G. (Name only.) illiTostoma conus, Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 314, 1878. Habit.vt.— Yadkin River, North Carolina. This species is also known only from Professor Cope's account. Tlierel appears, however, to be no room for doubt as to its speciQc distinction. As stated by Professor Cope, "this fish represents the P. coregunus inj the section with fully-developed lips." I ; is taken in large numbers in the Yadkin River, " with Pt. collai)m\ Pt. robmtus, etc., but is of less value than they." 9. MYXOSTOM.4 ANISURA {Hafinesque) Jordan. Long-tailed Red Horse, IBIiO—Catostomui anisurus Rafinbsqub, lohthyologia Ohiensis, 54. Myjcoatoma aniaura Jordan, Muu. Vert. ed. 2d, 315, 1878. mO-Ptychoston Teretulus I Moxostoma only.) Myxosloma Habitat.— Ohi< This Species, lost sight of by Ohio River of j caudal lobes, h ankura for the specimens latol\ existence of a fi and which reallj ' such emphasis, j I This fish appears I giren the name ( specimen, in po( caudal, or, more ] J time since, exami of the Academy n U identical with I of the moutlj are (larly falcate. This species rei liiorsal fin is short ping deeply incist ["PPer lobe being u The following ar< iandusky, and 12,i iMtfl percentage of i MYXOSTOMA ANISURA. 127 \gJ0—Ptycho8tomu8 hrevicepa Cope, Proo. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 478. Teretulua brevicepa Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Moxostoma brevicepa Jordan & Gilbert, in Klippart's Rept. 53, 1876. CName only.) Myxoaloma bra-icepa Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas. 9, 50. 1877. (Name only.) Habitat. — Ohio Valley and Great Lakes. This species, first described by Rafiiiesqne in 1820, lias been entirely lost sight of by succeeding writers, and I, doubting the existence in the Ohio River of a species characterized by the marked inequality of the candal lobes, have hitherto followed Dr Kirtland In using the name aimura for the fish recently named collapsus by Professor Cope. Some specimens lately examined by me from the Ohio River have shown the existence of a fish corresponding very closely to Rafinesque's account, aud which really has the inequality of the caudal fin, on which he lays sach emphasis, and which suggested the name anisurus (unequal-tail). This fish appears to be the same as that to which Professor Cope has given the name of hrevieeps. Professor Cope had, however, but a single specimen, in poor condition, and did not notice the falcation of the 1 caudal, or, more likely, that fin was not preserved intact. I have, some I time since, examined Professor Cope's type, preserved in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, at Philadelphia, and believe it to be identical with M. anhura Raf. The form of the head and body and of the mouth are similar in the two, and the dorsal in both is simi- jlarly falcate. This species resembles aureolum in every respect, except that the [dorsal fin is shorter, and elevated or falcate in front, the free border being deeply incised, and that the caudal tin is similarly elongated, the |npper lobe being much the longer and greatly attenuated. The following are the measurement" of three specimens : 10,738, from ISandusky, and 12,267 aud 12,294 from Cincinnati. The fractions iudi- leate percentage of the length to the base of the caudal : — 'I' Tiirt *v ' S??» • ^^'^ ' Till? " .'--•'" '. '•■•'WW \ ' ^» •, ''. .••' • .>>4'i 1 ' . » s. "^^ V 1 . I'M ' *« "A hi ' •« 128 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — HI. Measurements of three specimens of Myxostoma anisiira. I 10788. Leugtli, inchcH. Depth LeDgtli of head Width of iiit(!ror1)ital area Length of snout Eve .MS Ai .08 .07i .0.J mi Length of haso of dor.sal Height of longest ray of dorsal Height of last ray of dcrsal : .10 Length of npper candal lobe . .31 Length of lower candal lobe 2(J Length of middle candal rays l.'» Dorsal rays ] '2, i:$ Scales C)-4Ci-:> 12267. • Si .27 .17 12. '94. ll'i .lU .l(i .22 .•,':)! .21) .31 .2.j .••5 2,12 2, i;i It i.s pcrliaps bari'ly possible that this lisli is the male of aurcolum at a certain ago, but it seems to me decidedlj- improbable. The resem- blance between the two is, however, very strong, and, except for (ho fins, they could hardly be distiugnished. iSpechnevs ill United Slates Xationnl Museum. Nnniber. 8.-.O.-) 10788 1110.'-, 11107 11108 Locality. Sandusky, Ohio.. Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio . Cincinnati, Ohio . Collector. J. W. MilniT. .L W. xMilner. .J. W. Milner. J. W. MilntT. 10. MYXOSTOMA TCECILURA Jordan. Fariefjated-tailed Bed Horse. 1877— MyxoHtoma pwcUma JoiiDAN, Bnli. U. S. Nat. Mus. x, CG, 1877. Mijxostoma pwrilura Johdan, Jlan. Vert. ed. 2d, 315, 1878. llAinTAT. — Tangipahoa River, Southeastern Louisiana. This singular species is known only from two specimens in the ITiiitedj States National Museum, recently collected by Mr. Fred. Mather, ofl the United States Fish Commission. Whether the peculiar form amlf coloration of the candal is general or is confined to the male sex is hob certain. In any event, it will serve to sharply distinguish this .spetid from all the others now known. lu other respects, it raoat approacbe^ M. macrolcpidotum lachrymale. f^^Teretulua cervinus ( Ptychostomus cervin Moxostoma ccrvinun Terctulua cervinus J ^yxosioma cervimm Mijxostoma cervimim ^^Catostomua duqueani Sueur, nor ot p, iHmuT.-Riversofthe his is a strongly n ™|f^Jindone of i Bull. N. M. No. MYXOSTOMA CERVINUM. Specimens in United States Xational Museutn, 129 Nnmber. Locality. Collector. - * 10928 Tanj;ipaboa River, Louisiana ...... . .. . . Fred. Mather. 11. MYXOSTOMA ALBIDUM (Girard) Jordan. Small-scaled Bed Horse, ^—rtycliosiomus alMdus Gihard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 172. rtycliostomns albidus Girard, U. S. Max. Bound. Surv. Ichth. 36, pi. six, f. 5-8, 1859. Teretulus albidits Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma albidum Jordan, Man. Vert. E. U. S. 315, 1878. Habitat. — Rio San Juan, near Monterey, New Leon, in Mexico. This species is known only from Girard's figure and description. No laceount of the lips is given, but the mouth is said to be a "great deal llarger" than in M. congestum. The descri)>tion is trivial, but the figure, |if at all correct, represents a species quite unlike our other members of ) genus ; the chief character being the much smaller size of the scales, Lbich in the description are merely stated to be " smaller than in con- IjesfHs". The spe^ "es may possibly belong to some section of the genus lother than the one in which it is hero placed. The original types, No. IliO, U. S. Nat. Museum, from Rio San Juan, near Monterey, New Leon, |ite .0 longer to be found. 12. MYXOSTOMA CERVINUM [Cope) Jordan. - Jump-rocks. Jumping Mullet. pSS—jTece/uZus cemn«8 Cope, Jonrn. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 236. Ptycliostomus cervinus Cope, Proc. Am, Philos. Soc. Phila. 47P, 1870. Moxostoma cervinum Jordan, Man. Vert. 296, 187G. Teretulus ceirinns Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma cervinum Jordan, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 365, 1877. Myxostom.a cervinum Jordan, Man. Vert. E. U. S. ed. 2d, 315, 1878. 'j ,», ■ tj SS-Cato8f , v ^ < > <«^f iHiniTAT.— Rivers of the South Atlantic States, from the James to the Chattahoochee. [ibis is a strongly marked and very abundant species, the smallest of I genus, and one of the smallest of the Catostomidw. It occurs in the * Two specimens, types of the species. Bull. N. M. No. 12—9 B'Tr H"r V -». t ' * 1 " •« » i. -'. * 130 CONTBIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. greatest abundance in tbe swift streams of the South, frequenting especially the rapids or " shoals ", and often throwing itself from the water in its endeavors to reach some higher rock-pool. It is too small and the flesh spoils too quickly to bo much valued for food, but great numbers are caught for " fun " by negroes and boys. The largest speci- mens which I have seen were taken in the Chattahoochee, and are about ten inches in length ; ordinary individuals are four to six iuchcs long. Specimens in United States Xational Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. 7G33 8835 * 14994 Catawba River E. D. Cope. D. S. Jordan. Ocmnlgee River ,. Saluda River D. S. Jord-in. Chattaboochee River D. S. Jordan. 13. MYXOSTOMA ALBUM {Cope) Jordan. White MuUet. I&70—Plycho8tomus albus Cope, Proc. Am. Pbilos. Soc. Phila. 472. Teretulus albus JoitDAX & Copelaxd, Check List, irjB, 187C. (Name only.) Mi/rosloma alba Joudan, Man. Vert. cd. 2d, 316, 1878. Hauitat. — Catawba and otber rivers of Eastern Nortb Carolina. This species is well marked by the peculiar form of the under lip,| which is quite small — a narrow, regular crescent following the bonndar,^ of the mandible, not full, as in the species jreviously noted, iior witb the sides folding so as to meet on the middle line, as in the remainiiia species (excepting thalassinum). Siiecimens from North Carolina in tbd National Museum correspond well to Professor Cope's description, excepj that the back is rather more elevated than one would infer from Pn fessor Cope's remarks. The dorsal rays are 12 and 13 instead of U The following are the measurements of two of them, 18,535 and U,%\ both from Kinston, N. C. :— • Types. I' '^ *f!l^Sx^-t^tv^!.— The form is e I somewhat as in JE-j aud rounded abo\ I and lather broken eimdal strongly fo Tliis is one of t; jcrmore. Professc jpecplo Jiving Id th [as the White Mull W032 j North Caro '4943 KinstoD, N 1«90 North Caro 1*535 Kinston, N. 19450 I North Carol 14. JVIYXO '^"-Ptychostomua thala Teretulus thalasHnu ^yxoatoma Ihalassh fliBiTAT.^Yadkin Hlv MYXOSTOMA THALASSINITM. Measurements of two specimens of Myxosioma album. 131 Length, inches Depth (percentage of length to base of caudal) Length of head Width of interorbital area Length of Bnout Diameter of orbit Length of base of dorsal Height of dorsal Height of last ray of dorsal Length of outer caudal rays Length of middle caudal rays Lcn{;thof pectorals Kumber of dorsal rays Scales 14943. m .30 .20 .10 .17 .18J 2,12 The form is elliptical, not much compressed, but rather elevated, i somewhat as iu Erimyzon sucelta. Head short and stout, bluntisb, broad, I aud rounded above ; month somewhat inferior ; the plicaj of the lips few i and rather broken ; dorsal fin high, its free border somewhat concave; [caudal strongly forked ; color lustrous white, with greenish reflections. Tbis is one of the largest species, reaching the weight of four pounds Icrmore. Professor Cope states that it is much valued as a food-fish by pecplo living iu the neighborhood of Catawba River, where it is known las the White Mullet. {Specimens in Unitid States National Museum. Kumber. 10032 14943 14990 18535 19450 Locality. Collector. North Carolina Kinston, N. C North Carolina Kinston, N.C .. North Carolina G. B. Goode. G. B, Goode. G. B. Goode. J.W.Milner. G. B. Goode. 14. MYXOSTOMA THALASSINUM {Cope) Jordan. Green Mullet. |6(0-Pti/cftogtoniM« thalasainus CorK, Proc. Am. Philos. Soo. Pbila. 472, 1870. Teretulus thalassinus Jordan &. Copbland, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) ilyxostoma Ihalassina Jordan, Man. Vert. cd. 2d, 31(5, 1878. I Habitat.— Yadkin Klver. •'Tl < f'^ J> ft ■s,,^' .*'^jjl *}.. i^\<^' X t <\ r <■ - :m ^r 1 ' * "ill k» '. ' -'' si 132 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. I have not seen tbis species. From Professor Cope's description, it Avonld appear to be allied to M. album, but distinguishable by tbe longer head. It is a large species, abundant in the Yadkin River, where it is used ior food. • 15. MYXOSTOMA VELATUM (Cope) Jordan. Small-mouthed Ktd Uorse. 1815— Cato8tomu8 anisurua Kiutland, Boston Jonru. Nat. Hist, v, 269 (with plate). (Not of Eaflnesquo.) Catostomua anisurua Stoker, Synopsis, 424, 184G. Plychoatomua anuurua Jordan, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. 94, 187G. (N.iuie only.) Moxoaioma aniauma Jordan, Man. Vert. 295, 1876. Teretulua anisurua Nklson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 1876. Tcreiulua anisurua Jordan «& Copkland, Check List, ir)8, 1876. (Name ouly.) Moxoatoma anisurum Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phila. 72, 1877. Moxoaioma anisurum Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 80, 1877. Moxoatoma aniaura Jordan & Gilbert, in Klippart's Kept. 53, 1877. (Name only.) Mijxoatoma aniaura Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 33, 1877. 1870 — riychoatomua velatua Cope, Proc. Ai.\ Philos. Soc. Phila. 471. Moxoatoma vclatum Jordan, Man. Vert. 296, 1P76. Teretulua velatum Nelson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 1876. Teretulua velatua Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Moxoatoma velata Jordan & Gilbert, in Klippart's Rept. 53, 1S76. (Nauio only.) I Myxoatoma velata Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2(1, 317, 1878. 1870 — Ptychoatomua collapaua Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 471'. Habitat.— Upper Mississippi Valley to Georgia and South Carolina. Neusp, Yatlkin, ] Catawba, Clinch, Youghiogheny and Wabash Rivers (Cojye). Chickamanga, Oliioj Wabash, Illinois, Rock, and Wiscu >'n Rivers (Jordan). Lake Erie (Jordan). This species is one of ilio most widely distributed species, althoughj it does not seem to be as abundant in individuals as several others. There is considerable variation in form among different specinnns, bua all the species with long dorsal fin and small yy-shaped mouth appean to belong to one species, for which the name velatum should be retaiiiedj The finding of a species with unequal caudal lobes renders it evitlenj that the identification of Raflnesque's anisurus with this species is inj correct. The name next in order is velatus Cope. The difference \i the size of the eye between collapsus Cope and velatus Cope appears td be due to difference in age merely. Younger specimens have the eyj proportionally larger. I (lid not National JVIu8( 3Inseum of th examined. IG. MYX ISoi—Vatoaiomua ( Ptychoatomua I'tychoatomua 1859. Catoatomua o Teretulua cong Myxoatoma coi \^i'i- Ptychoatomua I Tiretulua bucco Habitat.— Kansas The original ty jifcted in 1851 by hluseum. Ko des J "very small". Tl jtliat of velatum, ai Jilfscribed as P. ht U hucco, and, theri ho; but, as the m Wrovisionally to uni |iiot this species; m 17. MY ^^Ptychoatomua pidim Teretulua pidietuia , Myxoatoma pidienai JHuuTAT.-GreatPedee I This appears to be ". and size". Pre '^''e not seen it. Ko MVXOSTOMA PIMENSE. I 'M oot to, any specimens of tl,u , • ^ .Vaseam of the Academy of Naturll "i. " ''^™'' ""'""o" '" tl-o («0irrf £ Girard) Jordan. ' "'"«' "' -P- *-» by Prof Csor cl ' Tr """ '"" «'«'■- -- .».« and, .^erefore, e„„ „„„, ,„^! ';; ''•^^''^ "f -en .be .„« „f l»«>™,onal,y to „„i,c them, -p ?„, 1 T J""'' """"*''' " ^™s best I y ^ loim of ilf. macmlepiaotum. "•«-XOSX0MAP,OIB^3. ,.„,;,„,,„„/, bullet Of the Great Peclce Great Pedeefiivor, North Carolina, ^— '• — :a:tr;:tiirMrr'- ^ ■ I Of J *^ . *. f li ^-li.^ M?l i' -. .* " . ■ « * 'I S.1' .- ' , •f.w't 11 it, , *' ' *^*ilfi K . -^:v...t: m 134 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 18. MYXOSTOMA COREGONUS {Cope) Jordan. Blue Mullet. IH70—P>ychoatoniua coregonua Cope, Proc. Am. Pbilos. Soc. Phila. 472. Teretuliu coregonua Jokdan & Copeijvnd, Check List, l.'iS, 1876. (Name only.) Myxoatoma coregonua Jokdan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 317, 1878. Habitat. — Catawba and Yadkin Rivers, North Carolina. I li'ive not seen this species. Professor Cope slates that "it nevpr exceeds a foot in length, and is very abundant in the Catawba and Yadliin Rivers. It is caught with the preceding two snecics and is used for food, but is the least valued of all the species. It is called at Morganton, Blue Mullet." There are no specimens in the ^'atioual Museum. 19. MYXOSTOMA PAPILLOSUM {Cope) Jordan. Papilloae Mullet. 1870 — Ptyvhoatomua pappilloaua Cope, Proc. Am. Pbilos. Soc. Phila. 470. Teretulua pappilloaua Jokdan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Myxo^toma papillooum Jokdan, Ann. Lye. Nut. Hist. N. Y. xi, 306^ 1877. (Ociuul- gee River.) . Myxoatoma papillosa Jokdan, Man. Vert. od. 2d, 318, 1878. Hauitat.— North Carolina to Georgia. This species appears to be very abundant in all the streams from the j Great Pedee to the Altamaha. In its general character and appeaniucc, it is veiy similar to the rest of the genus ; but the mouth is retnarkalil different, the lower lip being full, thick, decidedly papillose, stioiiylyl incised behind, being very much as in CatostomuH nigrkariH. My spjcimens do not f.gree very well with Professor Cope's descri|'-| tion; but this is probably due to their greater size. Still, a possiliil lity exists that two species of this type inhabit our South Athiiilicj Stat«58. The head in my soecimens is very large, flattish above, nanowiMl fori wards, and more than one fourth of tlie length, without caudal. TIrtj mouth is vcr> largo and inferior. The body is oblong, coiiiprcsmlj heavy forwards ; tlie back nioderately elevated. The eye is (jiiito l.irfie, high up, and well back. The free border of the dorsai fin is Hoiuetiiiic convex, som^ two 8j)ecimej Length, inches. Depth (percenta Head Width of interoi Length of snont Diameter of orbi Length of base o Height of longes Height of last raj Dorsal rays Scales In color, this white. Piol'essor Co] exceed one pou; and of three po IntheOcmuI/ "iid is called tl qaito abundant •lii'lily valued b as tlio best of t t'iiaglit Dti the I come upon the tuo'Sbiuer'." mm KInstoii, iK-.IKi Kinston, 1K".:I7 Ki Union, 1(C.;(8 Ivifiiton, IWO Kinston, SMlKVi Kinston, Ocmnljjoo MYX08T0MA PAPILLOSUM. 135 convex, sometimes concave. The following are the measurements of two specimens: — LeDgth, inches Depth (percentage of length) Head Width of interorbitiil area .. Length of snoat Diameter of orbit Length of base of doraal Height of longest ray Height of last ray Dorsal rays Scales 14989. 18536. 16i 12 .29 .27 .26 .24 .10 .12 . ........ .05 .19 .Ki .19 .10 2,14 2,10 0-16-5 In color, this species is smoky above, the sides silvery, the lower fins white. Piofessor Cope says that " they attain one foot in length, and do not exceed one pound in weight". I have specimens a foot and a half long and of three pounds or more weight. In the Ocmulgee, the species is next to M. ccrvinum the most abundant, iifld is called the White Mullet, or Sucker. Professor Cope found it quite abundant in the Catawba and the Yadkin Eivcrs, where it "is hi;,'bly valued by tbo inh.ibitunts as an article of food. It is regarded as the best of the Catostomi for that purpose. It is less frequently caught r)ti the hook than some other species, but in the autumn, they come upon the weirs in considerable numbers. The fishermen call it tlio'Sbiner'." • Specimens in (he United Slatrt Xutionil Museum. crlI>-H isilii'H Number. inticH 14989 i'or'l Thel lAVMi 1h:.;!7 lH:,;ts iM'iiH iHUTil .J aOlKH) \M '~ Locality. Kinston, N.C Kinston, N.C Kiu^tou, N.C ICiraton, N.C Kinston, N.C Kinston, N.C Ocniulgeo Uiver, 0». I • • • • • Collector. J. W. Miliior. J. W. Milnor. J. W. Milnor. .I.W. Milnor. J.W. Milner. .1. W. Milnor. 1). H. Jordan. i'lr'i''''-' ■ ■ .. . 4 tm '^i^ » •- '- ,-^;; mm vl-'^ •«v "iv. '< •' - . 01 136 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. f ■'. • - ' Genus MINYTREMA Jordan. ■ Minytrema JoKDAN, Mau.Vert. ed. 2cl, 31S, 1878. Catostomus, Plyohoatomua, Moxoatoma, and Erimyzon sp., Authors. Type, CalostomuB melanopa Rafinesque. Etymology, fnvvs, reduced ; rpi'/fxa, aperture, in allusion to the imperfections of the lutf^ral line. Species with the form, Bquamation, and general appearance of Mijxo-* btoma,, but with the air-bladder in two parts, as in Erimyzon^ and the lateral line imperfect — in the very young entirely obsolete, in half grown specimens showing as a succession of deepened furrows, in the adult with perfect tubes, but interrupted, these tubes being wanting on some of the scales, especially posteriorly. Head moderate, rather broad above; mouth moderate, inferior, !. izontal, the upper lip well developed, freely protractile, the lowt-i laiiier small, infolded, A-shaped in outline, plicate, with 12 to 20 plicae on each side; lower jaw without cartilaginous sbtath ; eye moderate, rather high up, placed about midway of the head. Suborbital bones consid erably developed, not very much narrower tlian the fleshy portion of tlio cheek below them, the posterior suborbital concavo-convex, about twice as long as deep, sometimes divided, the autedor somewhat deeper than long, often divided into two, sometimes united with the i)reoi')ital, which is well developed and much longer than broad. The number and form of these bones, except as to their depth, are not constant in the same species, and do not afford speciiic characters. Opercular bones well ♦leveloped, not much rugose. Foutanelle evident, rather large. Gill- rakers rather long, in length about half the diameter of the eye. Isth- mus moderate. Tharyngeal bones essentially as in Myxontoma. Body rather elongate, subterete, becoming deep and rather compressed with age. Scales rather large, nearly equal over the body, the radiatiuj,' furrows not specially marked. I^aterul lino as above described, inter- rupted in the adult, but with perfect tubes, imperfect in partly grown specimotis, entirely obsolete in the young. Scales in a longitudinal series 44 to 47 in number, 12 to 14 in a transverse series from dorsal to ventrals. Dorsal fin rather short and high, with about 12 developed ra.ys, he- ginning rather nearer the snout than the base of the caudal. iVctonil fills moderate, not reaching ventrals, the latter nol to vent. Vontriilnl rather iu advance of the middle of the dorsal, their r.iys uormully ;i,.: GENUS MINYTREMA. 137 raieiy 8 or 10. Anal fin high and short, often more or loss emargiuato in males. Caudal fin moderately forked, the lobes about equal. Air-bl;ulder with two chambers. Males in spring with the head covered with many small tubercles. But one species of this genus seems to bo known. It is widely dis- tributed in the wateis of the Western aud Soutliern States. This genus has been recently separated froui Erimyzon, on account of ^tbe peculiarities of the lateral line. The form of the body, the form of the mouth, and the character of the oquamatiou differ considerably in the two genera. Geiierio Characterizations. MlSYTKEMA Jordan, 1878. — "Young speciuieus of this ppecies (mvlanvpn) have no trace of a lateral line, as in Erimyzon. Older ones (6 to 8 inches) show a deepening of the furrows along the me'lian series of scales. Adults of 12 to 18 inches nhow u seriex of completely developed tubes, which, hoWover, are wanting on soiuo of the scales, espe- cially behind. As Erimyzon never shows any traces of the tubes of the lateral line, these I'ptculiaritieH may be held to indicate generic distinction, and the name Miiiyirema is kre proposed for E. »«t7«nop«."—( Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 318, 1878.) ANALYSIS OF 8PKCIKS Ol" MXNYTKEMA. 'Body V bloiig, little compressed; the young nearly terete ; the ndnlt« deeper-l)o^-M u ■vU r I'i tr on dusky above, with usually^ black blotch behind the dorsal fln : each Bcalu , ' >}f the side^. with a t«mall,more or less distinct blackish h])ot at i's base, thcxe spotu forming interrupted longitudinal lin^s along the rows of scales. Tlii'se lines are usually very distinct, < specially in the udult, but ytuing specimens cftpu show them fn'nlly: sides and belly silvery, with a coppery lustre: sexual IH'culiarities nu)>ierately marked; very old mules with the head covered with small tubercles iu spring : no great chaiigiH with age, cither in form or coloration : my.q large; uiaxinuim length about 18 inches mklanupk, 2U. ' Aa in nil cases in the present pr.per, the numhrr of dtrcloiHtl iay» la here understood, ■■«'''' <', two, or three rudimentary rays not being counted, und tlie last or double ray NiQo dorsal and anal being counted as one. 138 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 20. MINYTREMA MELANOPS {Bajineique) Jordan. Striped Sucker. Sand Sucker. ' 1320— Catostomua melanopa Rafinesqck, Icb. Oh. 57. . Catostomus melanopsia Kiutland, Zool. Ohio, 1G8, 1838. Catostomua melanopa Kirtland, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist, v, 971, 1845. Caiostomus melanopa Storer, Synopsis, 424, 1840. Plychoatomna melanopa Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 204, 18:5. Ftychoatomua melanopa Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 478, 1870. Erinujzon melanopa Jordan, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. 95, 187G. ^rimj/i'on mcZanops Jordan, Man. Vert. 294, 1876. Ermnzon melanopa Nelson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48, 1870). Erinvjzon r.nlanopa Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. Erimyson mtianopa Jordan, Auu. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 347, 1877. Mhiytrema melanopa .Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 318, 1873. 1844— Caioatomua faaciatua (Le SufcUR MSS.) Cuvieu & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. dcg Poissons, xvii, 449. Catoatomm faaciatua Storer, Synopsis, 426, 1H46. Carinu8 oblongiis Mitchill = Cyprinus sucetta Loc. , Etymology, ipi, an intensive particle ; ni>iu, to unck. Head moderate, rather broad above : mouth moderate, somewliat in- ferior, the upper lip well developed, freely protr<»ctne, the lower moder- ate, infolded, /\-shaped in outline, plicate, with 12-20 plicw on cacli side: lower jaw without cartilaginous sheath, rather stronger than usual, GENUS ERIMYZON. 141 and oblique in positiou when the month is closed, the mouth thus similar to that of Ichihyohua. Eye moderate, rather high up, placed about mid- way of the head : suborbital bones considerably developed, not very ranch narrower than the fleshy portion of the cheek below tbem, the posterior suborbital concavo-convex, about twice as long as deep, some- times divided, the anterior somewhat deeper than long, sometimes divided into two, sometimes united with the preorbital bone, which is well developed and much longer than broad. Opercular bones moder- ately developed, scarcely or not rugose. Fontanelle evident, rather large. Gill-rakers rather long, about half the diameter of the eye in length. Isthmus moderately developed, about the width of the eye. Pharyngeal bones weak, the teeth quite small, slender, and weak, rapidly diminishing in length upwards, each tooth narrowly compressed, with a cusp on the inner margin of the cutting surface, and some ine- qualities besides. Body oblong, rather shortened, heavy forwards and considerably com- pressed. Scales rather large, more or less crowded forwards, sometimes showing irregularities of arrangement, the longitudinal radiating furrows much stronger than usual, the scales rather longer than deep, b so imbri- cated in the adult that the exposed surfaces appear deeper than long. Lateral line entirely wanting. Scales in the longitudinal series from bead to base of caudal 35 to 45 in number ; scales in transverse row from base of ventral to dorsal 12 to 18. Dorsal fin rather short and high, with from 10 to 14 developed rays, tbe number usually 11 or 12. * Beginning of dorsal fin rather nearer snout than base of caudal. Pec- toral fins moderate, not reaching ventrals ; the latter not to vent. Veutrals under a point rather in advance of the middle of dorsal; their rays normally 9, but occasionally 8 or JO. Anal fin high and short, more or less emargiuate or bilobed in adult males ; caudal fin moderately forked or merely lunate, its two lobes about equal. Air bladder with two chambers. This genus has a very wide range, one of its two known species I probably occurring in all the streams of the United States east of the I Kocky Mountains. The existence of this genus seems to have been first noticed by DeKay, Uho, however, erroneously supposed it to be identical with the Afri- t 'J- r';l . hi C\ "-'M i>\ ► ■ _ " . . " . .* ' '-t t\ i~ >- '■'i ''B'% • it' Mm ii: ! J I 11 If m i«' f'Si L l» ' I ll! i S.,;, 'W;:!;' W! H ■ ' I 142 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. can genus Labeo of Cnvier and Valenciennes. Its essential cbaracter-- the absence of the lateral line — was first noticed by Professor Agassiz, who identified its t.ypical species with Catostomus (Moxostoma) anmrus Kaflnesque, and therefore erroneousl.y called the genus Moxostma, The application of the name Moxostoma to the Red Horse group was pointed out by the present writer in 1870 ; the name Urimyzon beiug then suggested for the group now under consideration. The use of the name Teretulus for this genus has been lately sug- gested by Professor Cope, its species being among those enumerated by Kafinesqne as composing his " omnium gatherum " to which the name Teretulus was applied. If we subtract from the original group Teretulus, the difl'orent component genera in order of time of proposal, the last one left would be Erimyzon, or rather Minytrema. But the name Tere- tulus has already been restricted by Professor Cope to the Eed Jorse group, the principal component of Raflnesque's Teretuhis. In my opin- ion, it should icmain there, although the earlier name Myxostoma renders it but a synonym. We cannot aflford to reconsider our use of these old collective generic names whenever a new genus is proposed. The " rule of exclusion", if stiffly adhered to, would require the substitution of Acomus for Pantosteus, inasmuch as a species of the latter genns was referred by Girard to the former. This question is further discussed under Myxostoma. Generic Characterizations. Labeo DeKay, 1842. — " Dorsal long. No spines nor barbels. Lips fleshy, and fre- quently crenated." — (DeKay, Aeio York Fauna, Fishes, 192.) Moxostoma Agassiz, 1855. — " The species of this genus contrast greatly with those of all other genera of the family of Cyprinoids, by the total absence of extcrual opou- ings in the lateral line, visible upon the scales. There is indeed no row of jjerforatd scales vpon the sides of the body, to mark the main course of the system of tubes per- vading the skin in most fishes, and the pores truverting the skin which covers the | skull and cheeks, as well as the lower jaw, are so minute as to escape the unaruial eye, In this respect the genus Moxostoma differs greatly from all other abdominal liiibes in I which the lateral lino is distinctly marked by a series of tubes traversing a proiiiiiieiit row of scales along the sides, and extending through the mastoids to the t'orebpail, and along the preoperclo to the symphysis of the lower jaw. This total ahseiico of:) I latera. line is compensated by the presence of a few deeper radiating furrows iutlioj posterior field of all the scales. " The longitudinal diameter of the scales exceeds greatly the transverse, but tbel scales are imbricated in such a manner that the portion visible externally appcinl higher than long. The centre of radiation is placed in the middle of the scales ; tlnri)! are no radiating furrows upon the lateral fields, those of the posterior field uru fuivoH and deeper than those of the anterior field; the conoeutric ornameDtoI ridgeeuf i'M posterior field a anterior fields. upon the sides, difference there j-onng also diffei The body of M tlian that of Pt reufrals. " The head is « when open the lo ridged ; the lowei considerably exce nearly equal. Th than in the female in the females it ii reaches the candal "Thepharyngea than to any other the teeth are neithi size from above d« edjje rising into an ' teeth, than in the h Moxostoma Girai the preceding ones, sence of that lateral compressed ; the he downwards. The Ii filiglitly bilobed. Tl tionofthe ventrals. eqnal to its height, "■liich is, however, al rtitutes a very open ( teeth themselves ore 'lirgerinferiorlythan Moxostoma GUntl '«!»«h,«il'3and phar J^fiiMYZow Jordan, 1 \^m of Moxostoma Raf EniMYzoN Jordan, If h; lips usually plica fi oomprese or less elevated In GENUS ERIMTZON. 143 posterior field are also much broader and farther apart tban those of the lateral and anterior fields. The scales are smaller upon the anterior portion of the body than upon the sides. Another remarkable peculiarity of this genus consists in the great difference there is among the adulta in the form of their fins in the several sexes. The young also difier strikingly from the adults both in form and coloration The body of Moxostoma is elongated and somewhat compressed, though stouter tban that of Ptychostomua and Catoatomua proper. The greatest depth is over the veulrals. "The head is small; the small mouth opens obliquely forwards and downwards; wbeu open the lower jaw is quite prominent. The lips are small and transversely lidged; the lower one is slightly bilobed. The dorsal is over the ventrala; its length considerably exceeds its height in the males ; in the females its dimensions are more nearly equal. The pectorals and veutrals are more pointed and longer in the males than in the females. The lower margin of the anal fin is'bilobed in the males, while in the females it is simply emarginatcd ; in both sexes, the anal when bent backwards reaches the caudal. "The pharyngeal bones have a greater resemblance to those of the genus Ichthyobm tban to any other of the tribe of Catostomi ; the symphysis however is shorter, and tbeteuth are neither so minute nor so numerous; they increase also more rapidly in size from above downwards, and are more strongly curved inwards, the innermost edge rising into an acute point, which is more prominent in the middle and upper teeth, than in the lower ones." — (Agassiz, Am. Journ. Set. Arts, 1855, p. 200.) Moxostoma Girard, 1856. — " May be circumscribed by characters more natural than the preceding ones. And the most striking of these, it must be conceded, is the ab- scDce of that lateral line possessed by almost all fishes. The body is elongated and compressed ; the head small ; the mouth small also, opening obliquely forwards and downwards. The lips being small and transversally ridged ; the inferior one being slightly bilobed. The anterior margin of the dorsal is situated in advance of the inser- tion of the veutrals. The dorsal fin is either higher than long or else its length is eqnai to its height, varying somewhat according to the sexes, as well as the anal, vbich is, however, always deeper than long. The shaft of the pharyngeal bones con- I ititntes a very open curve, the convex margin of which is regular and entire. The I teeth themselves are very much compressed, strongly curved inwardly, and much I larger inferiorly than superiorly." — (Qiuakd, Proc. Ac, Hat, Sc. Phila. 1856, p. 171.) Moxostoma Giinther, 1868. — " Scales of moderate size ; lateral line none ; tins, I Eioath, gil? j and pharyngeal tf h, identical with those of Catoatomua in all essential I points."— GiJNTHKR, Cat. Fiahea Brit. Mua. vii, p. 20.) Erimyzon Jordan, 1676. — [Name suggested as a substitute for Moxoaioma Ag., the I type of if oxoatoma Raf. (Catoatomua aniaurua Raf.) not being a member of this geuus.] — |(JoitDAN, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Hiat. p. 95.) Erimyzon Jordan, 1876.—" Dorsal moderate ; air-bladder in two parts ; no lateral [line; lips usually plicate."— (JonDA», Man, Fert. ed. 1st, p. 292.) ANALYSIS or SPECIES OF ERIMYZON. oblong, oomprefHed, becoming gibbona with age, the ante-dorsal region more or less elevated in the adnltfl ; the depth 3^ in length, ranging from 2S in adults V' ' ' lit , ' '>< '"J * i V ?:- -■:•••• •;.■■>■"(« *.. , <• V>v mP' '■•,*■: !. s. ••» I • V^' i. 144 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. to 4 in young: head stout, short, about 4J in length (4 to 4i),tho intcrorbital space wide and depressed, the lower parts narrower, so that it is somewhat we(]"o. shaped downwards : eye not large, 4 J in head (4^ toC^) : mouth protractile down- wards and forwards, the mandible oblique: scales usually closely imbricated and more or less crowded forwards, but often showing various irregularities in arranTe- meut, about 43 (39-45) in a longitudinal series and 15 (14 to 16) in a transverse se- ries between the ventrals and the dorsal. Fin-rays somewhat variable, the doroal with 11 (10 to 13) developed rays, the anal with 7, and the ventrals with 9 (rarely 8). Coloration varying with age ; never distinct series of black spots along the rows of scales; young with a broad black lateral band bordered above by paler; in some specimens from clear water, this band is of a jet-black color and very dis- tinct ; in others, it is duller ; later this band becomes broken into a series of blotches, which often assume the form of broad transverse bars; in adult speci- mens, these bars disappear, and the color is nearly uniform brown, dusky above, paler below, everywhere with a coppery or bra&sy, never silvery, lustre ; the fins are dusky or smoky brown, rarely reddish-tinged: sexual differences strong; tbo males in spring with usually three large tubercles on each side of the snout, and with the anal flu more or less swollen and emarginate: adult specimens with the back gibbous and the body strongly compressed, in appearance quite unlike the young. Maximum length about 10 inches sitcetta,21, *• Body oblong, the back more elevated, the body deeper and more compressed than in the preceding, t!ie greatest depth in advance of the dorsal fin being contained about 2i times in the length ; nape less gibbous than in sucetta ; head quite small and short, the largo oyo being almost exactly midway in its length, its length 1J I in that of the body ; eye 4 J in head ; intcrorbital space rather narrow, strongly trans- j versely convex, less than half the length of the head : mouth small, protractile for- wards, the lower jaw oblique ; lips as in the preceding. Scales large, much larger and much more uniform iu their imbrication than in E, auceita ; 36 in a longitudinal series, and about 13 in a transverse series from the ven- trals to the dorsal. Dorsal fin high, of 12 developed rays ; anal moderate, with 7; • ventrals large, with 10. Color dark olivaceous above, each scale along tbo sides! reflecting pale from the strongly ridged middle part; these giving in certain j lights the api)earance of pale stripes along the rows of scales : fins dusky, espe- 1 cially at their tips... goodei,?? "■': 21. ERIMYZON SUCETTA {LacipMc) Jordan. Chub Sucker. Creek Fish. Mullet. 1803— Cyprinua sucetta LAcfiPi^DK, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, v, 606, 610. Catoatomua auceita Le Sueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. So. Phila. 109, 1817. Caiostomua auceita DeKay, Now York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 203, 1842. Catos.imua auceti Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 4GC, 1844^ Catoatomua aucefi Storer, Synopsis, 41J), 1846. Moxoatoma auceita Aoassiz, Am. Journ. So. Arts, 2d series, xix, 202, 1855. Moxoatoma auceita Putnam, Bull. Mas. Comp. Zool. 10, 18G3. ERIMYZON SUCETTA. 145 WyJSiH; 1841, Enmyzon sucetta Jordan, Man. Vert. 295, 1876. Erimyzon sucetta Joudan & Copelaxd, Check List, 157, 1876. Ermyzon sucetta, Jordan, Man. Vtrt. eel. 2tl, 319, 1878. \iU—Cyprinua ohioiigua MiTcniLi., Lit. & Pliil. Trans. New York, 1, 459. Catoatonuts obhngua Le Sueur, Journ, Ac. Nat. Sc. 108, 1817. Catoatomua oblongua Thompson, Hist. Vt. 134, 1842. (Synonymy, but not ilcacrip- tion, which applies to M. macrolrpidotuvi.) Labeo oblongua DeKay, Now York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 193, 1842. Catoatomua oblongua Cuvier &. Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. des roissous, xvii, 441, 1844. Catoatomua oblongua Storer, Synopsis, 423, 1846. Moxoatoma oblongum Agassiz, Am. Jouru. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 203, 1855. Moxoatoma oblongum Putnam, Bull. Mus. Coinp. Zool. 10, 1863. Moxoatoma oblongum Giu., Canadian Nat. p. 19, Aug. 1835. Moxoatoma oblongum GCntiier, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 21, 1868. Moxoatoma oblongum Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 468, 1870. Moxoatoma oblongum Jordan, Fishes of lud. 221, 1875. (Name only.) Erimyzon oblongua Jordan, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. 95, 1876. (Name only ; generic diagnosis of Erimyz n.) Erimyzon oblongua Jordan, Man. Vert. 294, 1876. Moxoatoma oblongum Uhler & Lugger, Fishes of Maryland, 140, 1876. Erimyzon oblongua Nelson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48, 1876. Erimyzon oblongua Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Teretulua oblongua Jo".dan & Gilbert, in Klippart's Kept. 53, 1876. (Name only.) Tcretulua oblongua Jordan &. Gilbert, in Klippart's First Keport, Ohio Fish Com- mission ,'8.5, pi. xii, f. 20, 1877. Erimyzon oblongua Jordan, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 346, 1877. Erimyzon oblongua Jordan, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 3C5, 1877. Erimyzon oblongua Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 36, 1877. M— Catoatomua gibboaua Le Sueur, Jourc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. i, 92. Catoatomua gibboaua Storer, Ropt. IcLthy. Mass. 183, 1838. Laheo gibboaua DeKay, New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 194, 1842. Catoatomua gibboaua Storer, Synopsis, 420, 1846. Catoatomua gibboaua Kirtland, Hamilton Smith's Annals of Science. Catoatomua gibboaua Storer, Hist. Fishes Mass. 291, pi. xxii, f. 4, 1867. ^1-Catoatomua tubcrculatua Le Sueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. i, 93. Catoatomua tubcrculatua DnKAi', New York Fauna, part iv. Fishes, 190, 1842. Catoatomua tubcrculatua Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. des Foissons, xvii, 444, 1844. Catoatomua tubcrculatua TuorfEAU, Week on Concord and Merrimack, 38, 18G?. T'~Catoatomus vittatua Le Sueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 104. Catoatomua rittatua DeKay, New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 203, 1842. Catoatomua vittatua Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 459, 1844. Catostomus vittatua Storer, Synopsis, 422, 1846. Catoatomue faaciolaria Bafinesque, Icb. Oh, 53. Bull. N. M. No. 12—10 •^•:n •;:./:. • ■vJ^-ra- 11 ■ > ■! At- ISiA ' ' i.' '«V'' f'v f f 146 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. i '' m ■ I 'i' 1^ 1842— Zafteo elegana DeKay, New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 192. J Catoetomua elegans Stober, Synopsis, 425, 1846. 1842—Labeo esopua DeKav, New York Fanna, part iv, Fishes, 195. ■•. Catoetomua eaopua Stoker, Synopsis, 425, 1846. 1842— ia6eo elongatua DeKay, New York Fauna, part iv. Fishes, 394. 1855 — Moxoatoma aniaurua Aoassiz, Am. Journ. So. Arts, 2d series, xix, 202. (Nut of Ea6uesque.) ISar)— Moxoatoma tenue Aoassiz, Am. Jonrn. Sc. Arts,2cl series, xix, 203. Moxoatoma tenue Putnam, Bull. Mas. Comp. Zool. 10, 1863. Moxoatoma tenue GttNTHEK, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 21, 1868. Erimyzon tenuia Jordan & Cofeland, Check List, 157, 1876. 1856 — Mo^xoatoma claviformia Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pbila. 171. Moxoatoma daviformia Girard, U. S. Pac. K. R. Expl. x,219, pi. xlviii, f. 5-9, 165;?, Erimyzon claviformia Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. 1856 — Moxoatoma kennerlyi Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 171. Moxoatoma kennerlyi Girard, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Ichth. 34, pi. xx, f. 7-9, ISoI), j 165Q— Moxoatoma campbelU Girard, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 172. Moxoatoma camphelli Girard, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Ichth. 35, pi. xx, f. 4-6, W59. ] Erimyzon campbelU Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 157, 1876. Habitat. — All waters of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains This protean speuies is, next to Catostomua teres, the most abuudantj and tbe most widely diffused of onr species of Suckers. It occurs iui «very stream from Maine to Texas, and thrives iu all sorts of waters,] from '^he Great Lakes to the smallest ponds and brooks. Its variation^ in color and form are remarkable ; but after the elimination of tliosel which are known to be due to differences of sex, age, and surroundingsj I find nothing left on which a difference of species or even a varietfij difference may be based. I therefore unite all the nominal species ( this genus, with a single exception, under the oldest specific nameaii plied to any of them, sucetta of Lac6p6de. The name sucetta has been passed from author to author for a long tinifl all the descriptions being based on the notes of Bosc and the accoiin given by Lac6p6do, no one seeming to have any clear idea of what tlij original species was. The reasons for identifying sucetta with oblong^ have been already given. The name sucetta was spelled suceti by Valenciennes. I see no reasfl for this change. The derivation of the word is from the French suc^ a sucker; and sucetta is an agreeable latinization of the barbarous won The identity of the nominal species oblongus, gihhosus, twberculatus, vit^ tu8, esopus, elongatus, and elegans was conclusively shown by Professj Agassiz. The fasciolaris of Baflnesque, as I have shown, is probali this species, which Baflnesque could hardly have overlooked. Professor A resell tiitive of from Mobile is hma, it is safe rifomis Girard ■ yoang of sucett ! usual, but it m, j Girard and of M peared; but th< present species, [species must fall Tlie Chub Sue! \hgth of more tl la small hook, but [taudsonie, the bl ^aquarium^ the, I males, are very di Jiitli three large tu pe fins of the ad I I.Vumber. 1''4 1 Sugar Loaf 6860 I Nova Scoti.n 7638 '646 j Boston, Mas 7571 Riverhead, 1 777G 8280 , ^G North Caroli, 8^59 j Potomac Rivi 8497 »00 I HoUiaton, Mi *42 Detroit Rivrer ^3 I Brimfield ?975 "W I Delaware CouJ 9042 91(10 "'Caljackaon,!!!. ERIMYZON SUCETTA. 147 Professor Agassiz's anisurus, considered by him as the "Western rep- ri'seutative of ohlongus, must beloug here. Professor Agassiz's tenuis from Mobile is uot described ; but as sucetta occurs abundantly in Ala- bama, it is safe to presume their identity. The type of Moxostoma da- tiformis Girard is now lost. Both figure and description point to the yoang of sucetta. The figure represents the scales rather smaller than usual, but it may not be correct. The types of Moxostoma Irnncrli/i Girard and of Moxostoma campbelli Girard, from Texas, have also disap- peared ; but they too seem to have been based on the young qf the present species, and as sucetta certainly occurs in Texas, these nominal species must fall into the synonymy. The Chub Sucker is one of the smallest species, rarely reaching a lleugth of more than a foot. It is tenacious cf lile, and bites readily at asmall hook, but is not much valued for food. The young are rather lliandsome, the black lateral band being sometime very distinct. In ! aquarium, they act as scavengers. The adult lishes, especially the Imales, are very dusky in color, and the males in spring are provided litilh three largo tubercles arranged in a triangle on each side of the head. IThe fins of the adults are usually black, sometimes tinged with red. Spedmms in United' States National Museum. Xumber. Locality. Collector. 144 Sugar Loaf Creek, Nova Scotia ...... Arkansas .... .. ... .. .... H. B. Mollhausen. 6860 7638 7646 Boston. Mass . . . . . ^.':::^'_' - .■ . ' -' ■-*.» 7V71 7776 8280 8370 8459 8497 8700 8742 8933 5975 M07 9042 9(182 9u;o 91G2 Ri verhead. L. I ...... S. F. Baird. North Carolina ... . . .. . S. F. Baird. ' , McNair. •' Potomac Rlvor. .. . .. . --',■-' .---'-J,-; HoUiston, Mass...... .... ........................ Detroit River S. F. Baird. Brimfield Delaware County • Jackson, 111 R. Keiuiicott. « ■ ' - • ■ \ 1 J^K .j4'!i 148 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH iMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Specimens in United States Xational Museum — Continued, Number. Locality. { » 91G6 9275 9446 9551 96G0 10631 10314 lions iio:i4 iior> 11199 11200 12441 14977 16990 16991 16992 16993 16994 17816 17821 17838 19158 20061 20064 20105 20157 20231 20254 20269 20360 Abbeville, S.C. Aux Plaines River, Illinois Lake Oconomowoe, Wisconsin Potomac Rivei . . Sandubky, Ohio. do do do do do Halifax, Nova Scotia Potomac River do do „ do do do Clear Creek, Texas do Now Bedford, Mass Aux Plaines River, Illinois ... Cedar Swamp, New Jersey. . . . Schuylkill, River Fox River, Wisconsin Montgomery, Ala Riverhead, L. I Pierniont, N. Y Sing Sing, N. Y Trenton, N. J Cumberland Rivor Whito River, Indiana Etowah River, Georgia Saluda Kivci, South Carolina. Collector. R. Konnicott. S. F. Baird. J. W. Miluer. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. G. B. Goode. J. W. Miluer. Do. Do. Do. Do. Kumlien & Eaill, Do. Thomas. R. Kennicott. S. F. Baird. J. H. Ricli!ir..l. 8. F. Baird. Kumlien & Maxson, 8. F. Baird. Bo. Do. C. C. Abbott. A. Winch.ll. D. S. Jordan. Do. Do. 22. CltLMVZON GOODE I, sp. nov. Goode' s Sucker, This appcioR diffens from E. sitcetta in form, in (lie smaller sizo ol bead, iu its greater convexity above, and in tbo larger Kize ami grtiii'^ imilormity of the scultis, wbiuU are uot at all crowded or reduced foi wards. Tlie type h Brown Good( on the Musen fessor Goode, iire iudebted i flimiistes JonoAN T.vi)o, CatostoniHs^ Etymology, ;^a(T//<; Fishes related Wiitlder as in fL ''(liemoutb, the 'Smooth lips. Head dispropo ''"{rtli, broad and |'"Wd8,tljobrea( hvos; eyes small, [tmniiii.l, tlio lowc |"faiianffleofab( |itsl('ii-tl. niorotJj \^K\h of tlie bea( » li'vel with tl J'i'iii (for a Sitcker) j<'ftli«ljeHd,notabl p'sisthiffofubroi ['"anurrown-.n, th "'15 : nostrils h I"""' i'l CatoHUmuH F'cly develoiH'd ;' P'OTiRoal bones ai ^'<«b- rather sle,,,] P''»'l, butbttlecc GENUS CHA8MISTES. 149 The type is a fine specimen, lOJ inches long, collected by Professor G. Brown Goode in the Saint John's River, Florida. It is numbered 19071 on the Museum liegistcr. I have named the species for my friend, Pro- fessor Goode, one of the best of American ichthyologists, to whom we are indebted for the discovery of the species. Specimens in Unittd States Xat'onal Musmim. Number. Locality. Collector. 19071 Saint John's River, Fla G. Brown Goode. Genus CIIASMISTES Jonlaji. Chasmistes JoKDAN, Bull. Ilaydou Geol. Siirv. Terr. 417, 1878. Typo, Ca'.ostomua fvcwndus Copo & Yarrow. Etymology, x<^''f^<^'^> ^o yawn or gapo. Fishes related to Catostomus, having the teeth, scales, and air- ikulder as in that genus, but distinguished by the size and position t the mouth, the great development of the mandible, and by the small, smooth lips. Ilead disproportionnllj' large, forming more than one-fourth of the I loii{jth, broad and flattish above; sides of head vertical, slightly directed I iiiwiirds, the breadth thro\igh the cheeks less than tlie breadth above the lyes; eyes small, high up, rather posterior: mouth exceedingly large, |uimini'l, the lower jaw in the closed mouth being very oblique, placed at ail angle of about 45 degrees; the lower jaw very long and stiong, itsloiiytlt more than one-third the length of the head, nearly half the |lciii;th of the head in (he adult, its tip wlieu the mouth is closed about it level with the eye ; upper jaw very protractile ; upper lip very Itiiiii (for a Snckei'), and nearly sniooth ; snout elevated above the rest jof iht' head, notably so when tlie mouth is closed ; lower lip moderate, jiwisisting of a broad llaj* on each side o ' the nnunlible, in front reduce*! jtoa narrow rim, tlic surface of the lip n.^arly smooth, vithout evident ll'iiliillic : nostrils large; suborbital bones narrow, but rather broader ^liaii in CatostomuH J [treorbital unusually larg«»: nuicous channel.* njod- ptoly (levelo|>ed ; foutanelle very large; istlunus rather narrow: pirynjjoal bones and teeth essentially as in Cmun. liwly rather slender, tapering pretty regularly from tlie shoulders to w tail, but little compressed : caudal peduncle rather stout. .. if"' Vhj,. .*. -: ■■■<>: s ■■'■ ^' It-*- '-f:' , lit- , I '-^1 * ■ .•.'* (■< ■■ ■ ■ > '\ ■ ■ • ' >'■', '""'' 150 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — HI. *\y I: Fins moderate, the dorsal rays about 12, the anal 7 : pectorals rather long, not quite reaching ventrals: veutrals ren^Liug vent: aual tin high, reaching caudal : caudal fin rather long, its lobes equal. Scales moderate, large on the caudal peduncle, much smaller and crowded anteriorly, GO to 05 in the lateral line, about 18 in a transverse series from dorsal to ventrals. . , . > Sexual peculiarities unknown. Coloration usual. • • Air-bladder in two parts. Size moderate or rather large. The single species now included in this genus is known only from Utah Lake. Its describers referred it to the genus CatostoniHD, but made no mention of its singular mouth .and lips. The original type of the species is in very bad condition, the mouth being shrunken and dis torted, and the bones of the head protruding through the skiu, so that the peculiarities of the species are hardly recognizable.* ■'■-•' s ' Centric Charccterizations. \ ',- Chasmistes Jordan, 1P78. — " This genns is distinguished from Catoatomtia by tli.' very large, terminal month, the lower jaw being very strong, oblique, its length about I one-third that of the head. The lipa are little developed, and are very nearly siiiod;!;. | The type of the genus is C. fecitiuhta Cope & Yarrow." — (Jokdan, Bull. U. '"':,. ■y.. ■■!■ • ■■•'.-•J,'- '>-■(.: l,'-''*i''''T3B ■SI:'" --".ill m !:. '':^iM Wm '/■ i,- _'! ^ ^*'3' 1 l^'^^llf Pi ^- iVaHmtiill t *■' '■fi 1'"- si' T 152 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NOBTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III. tciior in position : suborbital bones narrow, longer than broad, much as in Myxostoma : fontanelle always present, usually widely open, in two species reduced to a narrow slit, but never wholly obliterated. Mouth rather large, always inferior, and sometimes notably so ; the upper lip thick, protractile, papillose ; the lower lip greatly developed, with a broad free margin, deeply incised behind, so that it forms two lobes, which are often more or less 8ei)arated : mandible horizontal, short, not one-third the length of the head and not reaching to opposite the eye : lower jaw usually without distinct cartilaginous sheath : oper- cular apparatus moderately developed, not rugose : pharyngeal bones moderately strong, the teetli shortish, vertically compressed, rapidly diminishing in size upwards, the upper surface of the teeth nearly even, or somewhat cuspidate. '*'>)' Body oblong or elongate, more or less fusiform, subterete, more or less compressed. :, . - ■ , ^;f v > *^ Scales comparatively small, typically much smaller and crowded an- teriorly, the number in the lateral line ranging from about 50 to 115, the number in a transversa series between dorsal and ventrals from 15 to 40: lateral line well developed, straightish, somewhat decurved anteriorly. Fins variously developed: dorsal with its flrst ray nearly midway of the body, with from 9 to 14 developed rays; anal On short and high, with probably always 7 developed rays; ventrals inserted under the iMiddle or posterior part of the dorsal, typically with 10 rays, in one sub- genus usually 0, the number often subject to variation of one ; caudal tin usually deeply forked, the lobes nearly equal. Sexual peculiarities not much marked, the fins higher in the male and the anal somewhat swollen and tuberculate in the spring: breed- ing males in some species with a rosy or orange lateral band. Air-bladder with two chambers. Vertebra} in C. teres and C. nigri- cans 45 to 47. "The slcldon In CaioHfomus has been ^^ell described by Valenciennes I (XVII. i>. A',Vi). It is distinguished by the comparative want of solidit\, certain bones consisting merely of a network of osseous matter. There j is a large and broad fontanelle on the upper surface of the head, Hepar- atiiiff the parietal bones, and leading directly in*c the cerebral cavityl The occipital process is, below the anterior vertebrte, enlarged into a | bladder-like swelling, which is not solid, but consists of a delicafo not work only. The prefrontal is advanced to the anterior part of the orbit.! GENUS CATOSTOMUS. 153 Tbe jaw-bones are very feeble, the intermaxillary being reduced to a thiu lamella, wblch does not descend to tbe middle of tbe maxillary. The anterior part of tbe mandible is borizoutal, tbin and slightly dilated. The apophyses of the four anterior vertebriB are very strong and long." — (GiJNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 13.) This genus as at present restricted comprises three well marked groui)s, which may be accepted as subgenera, under the names Catosto- ms, DccddacfyJus, and Hypcntelium. One of these groui)S, ffypentcUum, lias been usually considered as a distinct genus, on account of the dif- ferences in tbe form of the head and iu the squamatiou. These differ- ences are, however, individually of subordinate value, and should probably be held to designate a subgeneric section, rather than a 4inct genus. The group Becadacttjlus as here given is nearly equivalent to Minomna and Catostomus of Girard, while onr Catostomus is Girard's Acomua. I The type of Catostomus, as restricted by Agassiz, prior to Girard being priniis catostomus Forster, oi:e of the small-scaled group, the name [belongs properly to that group, and Acomits is a simple synonym. iDmctylus llaRuesque was not originally defined in any very tangible way, inasmuch as its author included in it species of Mijxostoma and lUfleptus. As, however, it was intended for 10-rayed species, and as one auiouj;, those originally placed in it was C. teres (as C. hostoniensis), the tlieuaine Decactylus {Dccadactijlns) may be, used instead of Minomus as ladesignation for the subgenus to which C. teres belongs. The genus Catostomus is, next to Myxostoma, the most rich in species. litis much tbe most widely distributed of the genera of Suckers, some of |iis nicmliers abounding in every river of North America, and one of them Jt'iug found in Asia. Oi'nrrk Characterizntiona, v ^,, . ' • ' ', "Catostomus LeSiu'iir, 1817. ■■ • • "/lucA: witli a siiifjli! (in. ^^ "liill-membrano threo-iuyed. t-V;/ ., vn » , vv ■ ' " Ihad nm} opercula Hiuoolh. . ^ ,*.••,. "Jiwii tootliless und retractile. 'MuHth beni-a: U tbu wiout ; lipH plaited, lubcd, or cuninculutiil, siiitublo for HUr:Iwiug. "Tltrmt witli puctiuatud teeth. j 'The 8i>»'ciea wbicb are horo described nro all poRsossed of tho loUowiiig general urncti^rs : — "i'Wi/.— Tlio iMxly In gfltiernl is elongntcd and varied in its form. Vii/««,— Tlio HculeH ill almost all the BpecieH are inarl ■'*' tin i' 0' ' '^j ■ 154 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. "Gill-covers. — The gill-covers are large, and composed of three pieces ; the anterior piece small in some, as is exemplified iu the C, macrolepidotua, aud iu others lur<;t>, uy iu the C. connnunis', opening or exx)ansion wide, *'Xo8trils, — The nostrils are double on each side, aud separated by a membrane ; tic largest aperture near the eyes. ^ "Eijcs. — The eyes in general are pretty large, a little oblong, without nictitating membrane : pupil black and roundish : irides yellowish, sometimes brown, as in tbc C. gibhosua, ''Teeth. — No teeth in the jaws, but those of the throat, on each side, are compuseil of a range of bones, generally bluut and thick at their summits, placed in a pcctiiiatt'd form, on an osseous, arcuated base, of which they are a component part, and mmiK. times terminate in a hooked point, as iu the C. maculoam ; these teeth are envelopid in a thick mass of whitish substance, which covers the throat, and supplies the placi! of a tongue. "Mouth. — The mouth is generally luuated ; to the palate is attached a membr.iiii'. "Viscera. — The intestinal canal is very much developed, and it has its origin no.tr tbe throat ; the stomach, which is simple, and without plaits and curvatures, being :i cuu- tinuation of this canal, and appears to be confounded with it. The iutostiuus nnhi a, number of circumvolutions ; in a specimen of tbe C. macrolepidotus of IG iiicljis in length, they were 3 feet 5 inches in length. The liver is deliquescent, aud soon passes into oil after exposure to the atmosphere. The air-bladder is subcylindricul, and divided, in most species, into two parts ; in the C. macrolepidotus, it is separated into fmir parts. I have remarked in the intestines of these fishes river-shells of the goneia Lymnwa, liuUmus, etc., which dwell on aquatic plauts aud on the rock at tlio bottom uf the rivers; these shells the Catostomi are enabled to take with their lips, which are protruded forwards by means of their jaws. "It is necessary to remark that in ali the species which I have examined there is a line which rnns from tbe nape, beneath the ej'es, and another along the head, uliuvi the eyes, of small orifices, for the passage of mucus, which lines are well deliuiili after the fish is dead and desiccated, but not so conspicuous wheu recent ; these liucs Torster improperly terms sutures. I will add that some species, in a dried state) bavo also a tuberculated appearance on the bead, which tubercles are not discernible wlieuj the animals are living." — (Lk Sukuh, Journ. Ac. Xat. Sc. i, p. 8D.) IIypentklium Raflneaqne, 1818.— "This species [^Exofflossum macroplirinn] distin- guished by so many secondary characters may be the type of a subgenus, whiiih iimyj be-called Ifjipentclium, i.i roferonco to the five lobes o( the lower jaw. Tlio spocii'! with a three-lobed jaw may form then another section under the former iianicul Maxillingua." — (Raki.nesquk, Journ. Acad. Nat, Sc. p. 4'^0, 1818.) CAT08TOMU8 Rafincsque, 1820. — " Body oblong cylindrical, scaly. Vent posterior nj nearer to the tail. Head and opercules scaleless and smooth. Mouth beneatb ll snout, with iloshy, thick or lobed sucking lij)s. Jaws toothless and retrattiiili'^ Throat with pectinated teeth. Nostrils double. Oill-cover double or triple. Tini branehial rays to the gill membrane. A single dorsal fin commonly opposite ti> ih abdominal fins, which have from eight to ten rays."— (R.vki.nksquk, leh. Oh. p. ■>'■'<■) Dkcactylus Rafinesfpio, 18"iO.—" Body nearly cylindrical, abdominal fins wilbuj (Characters of ' " Denies pectini apta; cirrhi nulli. radius osseus uu SuriKHs, p. 33.) Catostomds Va i'» ne sont pas sa qui la bordent. C) "L'abseucodes I d'ailleurs moins dc Aoiuml. Knfluijs, "P'ir la forme gd lis out jiresque toi mais lis u'ont pas le ^» boucho est flitn*" wonculdes, mais si veutonse an nioyeu i """tgrandsotarqud ^''wprimdes, h conn croi'sent rcguii^rem, *'''"ile8espi>fce8; elh '« narines out chaci, '■^■^'z lurges, Hout ol ^^n-^ral j.ntites eur 1 "'^aro ,,„'o„ s'Dn ) «f' > ces genres par leurs dents phar'Ugieuucs. "Par la formo gdudrale de leur corps, ils ressemblent b. nos barbeaux [L'arduM], dont ils out presque tous la t6te alongdo, lisse et nue, et lo museau uu pea produiiuent, mais ils u'ont pas leurs barbillons, et la dorsale ninnquo do rayons dpineux et denteld.^. La buucho est situde sous le museau ; elle est sant: dents, ct les 15vres, dlargies, lobdes, caroiiculdes, nuvis sans prolongucmeut,'^ filiformes, servent ii coustituer uuo sorto do veutouse au moyeu de laquello ces poissons peuveut adherer ou sucer. Les pliaryngieus Dout grands et arquds, presque en demi-cerele ; tout le bord interne est garni de dents comprimdus, ik cuuronue stride, un pen plus largo que la base; toutes ces dents dd- croi-stint regulitiremont dopuis les iuferidures jusqu'aux smdiieures, le nombre en varie wlou les esp^ces ; elles formeut un peigne sur le corps I'os. Lea opercules sont graud.s ; 1m nnrincs out chacuno, connno i\ I'ordinaire, deux ouvertures rapprochdes:. les yeux !M>z largos, sont olliptiques, et out I'iris ordinaireniout jauno; losdcaillts sont cu K^neiul {lotitea ear la nuque ct pres de la t*He, et elles vout ensuite en auguientaut a ni(<«uru (pi'un s'en approche de la queue; elles sont plus ou moins rbomboidales et itrides ou fraD|{d«)8. f ji m. r **' ••J- f ? f * * i* fl \ ! ' t t \U 1 ti , 1 \{ r ."I '^v'sH t 'X^ ♦ I' • 1 ♦ ^^^ f \ * K f ' < . *t t 5st -w* 156 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. ! ,; "Lc8 visc^ro8 rappellont ceux des cyprinoules en gdndral, mais I'intestin, a, cause de Bes nonibroux replis, a encore plus d'dtemlue. . . . Le foio se rdsout bieut6t en huilo; la vessio adrenne est cominuudment divisd en deux et communique avec le Laut de I'cDsophage commo dans nos cyprius." — (Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. des Pomons, xvii, pp. 4'23-424.) Hylomyzon Agas^iz, 1855. — "The name of this genus is a mere translation of the vernacular name of its type, the Mud-Sucker of the West, framed in imitation of Pctromyzon, but expressing its habits of living in the mud. The body is stout and heavy in front, and tapers oif rapidly from the shoulders towards the tail; behind the dorsal it is nearly cylindrical in form. " The short quadrangular head is broad and flat above, its sides are vertical. The eyes are of moderate size and elliptical in form ; the snperorbital ridges are elevated abjve the general level of the head. The mouth is inferior, and encircled by broad fleshy l< js which are covered with suiall grains or papilho. The lower lip is bilobed. The dorsal is over the ventrals, and nearer < ue head than the tail ; its height aud liiigth are nearly equal. The pectorals and ventrals are broad and rounded, the anul fln is slender and reaches the caudal. The scales are largest on the anterior portion of the body. They are slightly longer than high, the ornamental concentric ridges of the posterior field are broader and farther apart than those of the lateral and anterior fields; those of the anterior and posterior fields rather remote, about equal in niunber. Tubes of the lateral Hue arising from the ceutro of radiation. " The teeth are compressed, so that their sharp edge projects inwards ; at the same time they are slightly arched inwards and inserted obliquely ujion the pharynj;eal bones. They increase gradually in size and thickness from above downwards. The masticating ridge of the teeth is transverse, compressed in the middle and sharp; its upper and lower edges are rounded and more projecting, the inner point, however, more projecting than the outer one." — (Ag.« diz, Am, Joiirn. Soi, Arts, 1855, p. 205.) Catostomus Agassiz, 1855. — "I ' .ive retained the name of Catostomus for the type to whioh it was originally ai)piltjd by Forster. The body is elongated, fusiform aud slightly compressed. The snout is short "and blunt, and projects but little beyond the month, which is inferior. The lower jaw is short and broad. The lips are fleshy and strongly bilobed below ; their surface is conspicuously granulated or papillated. The bead is considerably longer than high. The dorsal is largo and mostly in advance of the ventrals; its length is greater than its height. Tlie anal flu is long and slender, and reaches the caudal. The sr\tial difiVTences, so conspicuous in the genus Moxostonia and Prychostomus, are hardly to be noticed in this genus. The other fiua are of moder- ate size, and more or less pointed. " The scales are much smaller on the anterior than on the posterior portion of the body; nearly quadrangular, with rounded angles, but somewhat longer than bigli; the ornamental concentric ridges of the posterior field broader than those of the lateral and anterior fields; the radiatiig furrows more numerons than in Hylomyzon and Ptychostimus, and encroaches npon the lateral fields, where, in some species, tbey ure nearly as numerous as upon the anterior and posterior fields. Tubes of the lateral line wider than in Hylomyzon and Ptycbostomus, extending from the centre of radiation to the posterior margin. " Tho pharyngeals are atont and compact, the outer margin not so .'Spreading as -T-^* GENUS CAT08T0MUS. 157 in Ptychostorans ; the teeth are blunter and larger comparatively than iu any other genus of the tribe, increasing more rapidly in size from above downwards, so that those of the middle of the arch are already of the same cast as those of the lower part of the comb ; their crown is blunt and the inner edge rises into a blunt cusp." — (Agassiz, Avi, Journ. Sc. Arts, 1855, p. 207.) MiNOMUS Girard, 185G. — " VV^ propose to include under the head of Minomus, such species as are characterized by an elongated and fusiform body, a he-id longer than deep; a dorsal fiu either higher than long, or %.ith both dimensions equal. The l.ps being tuberculated, moderately bilobed. The pharyngeals not expanded laterally, but coasiderably bent inwardly. The teeth compressed, decidedly bicuspid, but the inner projection more developed than the outer. The scales being nearly of the same size, but slightly smaller anteriorly than posteriorly." (Includes C. invignia, C.phhviun, and C. cfar^it.)— (GiKARD, Proo. Ac. Nat. So. Fhila. 1856, p. 173.) AcoMUS Girard, 185G. — "And then giving the name of Acomva to those species iu which the head is very elongated, the dorsal higher than long, and the scales much smaller upon the anterior region of the body than upon the posterior. The lips being papillated and very deeply cleft. The pharyngeals are gently arched and not expanded ; the teeth compressed and bituberculated, the inner projection conspicuous ; the outer one obsolete, though existing." (Includes C.forsterianva, C. aurora, C. latipinnis, C. yuz- maniends, C. generosus, C. gnseus, and C. lactarius.) — (Giiurd, Froc. Ac. J\'at. Sc. rhila. 1856, p. 174.) Catostomus Girard, 1856. — "The genus Catoaiomus, Lo Sueur, would then bo re- stricted to such species in which the head is moderately elongated, the dorsal fin gen- erally longer than high, and the size of the scales less disproportionate anteriorly and posteriorly than in Avomua. The lips are papiliated and deeply cleft. The pharyngeals provided with a little expansion inferiorly. The teeth are compressed, with the inner projection of the Crown alone developed." (Includes C. hudaoniua, C. communia, C. occi- knialia, C. lahiaiua, C, macrochvilua, C. aucklii, and C. btrnardini.) — (Giuakd, Froc. Ac. M. Sc. rhila. 1856, p. 174.) Catastomus Gill, 1865.— "Snout long. Lateral line present, nearly straight. Lips papiliated." — (Giix, Canadian Naturalist, Aug. 1865, p. 19, reprint.) Catostomus Giinther, 1863. — " Scales of small, moderate or largo size. Lateral lino present, running along the middle of the tail. Dorsal fin of moderate extent, with not more than about seventeen rays, opposite to the ventrals, without spine. Anal fiu very bbort, but deep. Fins of the males generally more produced than those of the females, and frequently with horny tubercles. Mouth inferior, with the lips more or less thiiU- ined and papillose, the lower frequently bilobed. Barbels none. Gill-rakers well developed, soft, the upper lanceolate, the lower quite ttcmbranaceous, low folds cross- ing the bono. Pseudobranchiaj. Pharyngeal bones sickle-shaped, armed with a comb- liko series of numerous compressed teeth, the teeth becoming larger and broader towards the lower end of the series."— (GCntiikii, Cat. Fishes lirit. Mm. vli, \}. 12.) Catostomus Jordan, 187C.— "Air bladder in two parts ; lateral line well developed ; lips papillose; scales much smaller anteriorly than posteriorly ; interorbital spuco convex; body sub-terete."— (Jordan, Man. Vert. 1876, p. 292.) Hypentklium Jordan, 1876. — "Air bladder in two parts ; lateral lino well devcl- |oi)«d; lips papillose ; scales about as large ou front part of body as on tail; body ■;■ •.••'.;.' .■■■ ■ i ,,V ■ *.;'.j'--rt'"sj6'^' .I'"-:; J ;.■■■• ;,.. '-■ .n-1-..^v.. ■•)r 'X' i .'.: •■■■•''■?»..■ ' . ■ ■•'■,• V: 1 /'i-.f '.. i^- .'• : - ' ' '.. "'^ - '. ' -P * ■ \ •iX'? 1^^ '^^1 '=? ■■ ■ < H 158 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III. tapering rapidly from sbonlders to tail ; interorbital space concave ; length of head greater than depth of body."— (Jordan, Man. Vert. 1H7G, p. 292.) CATO8T0MU8 Cope & Jordan, 1877. — " Body oblong or elongate, with a short, sub- quadrate dorsal fin ; air bladder in two parts ; lateral line well developed ; foutanelle distinct."— (Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 1877, p. 81.) HvPENTELiUJi Jordan, 1878. — "Body oblong or elongate, with a short subqnadrate dorsal ; anal rays uniformly 7 ; mouth normal, the lower lip undivided or deeply lobed ; lips tnberculatc ; lateral line well developed ; fontanelle distinct ; no mandibnlary sheath ; scales moderate, not crowded forwards, about equal over the body ; body lonj;, and little compressed ; head transversely concave between orbits, long and flattened, the physiognomy being therefore peculiar ; ventral rays 9." — (Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 1878, pp. 309-310.) , . - .^- ■■■':(■'■ '-^- :■■■'-- ^ ^-' ^--'irf:^^^'-' Catostomup Jordan, 1878. — [As in the preceding except] "Scales small, smaller anteriorly and much crowded ; bend transversely convex between orbits ; ventral rays normally 10."— (Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 1878, pp. 309-310.) Deoadactylus Jordan, 1878 (as subgenus). — "Lateral lino with 60 to C5 scaies; snout comparatively short." — (Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, p. 319.) Catostomus Jordan, 1878 (as subgenus). — "Lateral line with about 100 scales; snout much produced." — (Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, p. 320.) The three subgenera here recognized are characterized below. The single species of Hypcntelhnn is found only eastward of the Eocky Mountains. Catostomus and Decadactyhis eact have representatives on both sides of the mountains. It is a curious fact that the Southwestern representatives of each, as a rule, have the upper lip more developed, and with more numerous series of papillae, than the Eastern ones. In this respect as in others, these Western species approach the genus Pan- tosteus, a group exclusively Western in its distribution. ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF CATOSTOMUS. * Scales moderate ; not crowded anteriorly, nearly equal over the body ; 48 to .''w in tbe lateral lino ; 12 to 15 in a transverse series from dorsal to ventrals : head flattened above, transversely concave between the orbits, the frontal bono thick, broad, and short, the phy- siognomy being therefore peculiar: ventral rays normally 9: upper lip very thick, strongly papillose, with a broad, free margin, which has upwards of 8 to 10 series of papillic upon it. Lower lip greatly developed, strongly papillose, ,^ Gonsiderully incised behind, but less so than in Catostomm ■ -;.iv .' proper: fontanelle shorter and smaller than in Dccadad^/«s ; . pectoral fins unusually large. (Hypentelium.) X. Depth 4^ to 5 in length ; head 4 to 4^ ; eye rather small, 4^ to 5 in head : color I olivaceous; sides with brassy lustre; belly white; Lack brown, with several dark cross-blotches, irregularly arranged,! these becoming obsolete in old individuals; lower tins dull I red, with some dusky shading : size large; maximum length I about two feet niguicans, 24. y- Dorsal wi W- Dorsal wi •• Scales small, rei t Upper lip '■-jnpi a. Dorsal iln w h. Body mode hh. Body rathe aa. Dorsal with 1: 0. Body mode: *tUpper lip thick and GENUS CATOSTOMUS. 159 y. Dorsal with 11 doveloi>ed rays: scales 7-50-5: bead rather longer, 4 to 4^ in length: pectoral fins rather longer: colors relatively d all; no distinct whitish stripes along the rows of scales. nigricans, yy. Dorsal with 10 developed rays: scales 6-48-5: head rather shorter, 4| in length : pectoral fins rather shorter : colors brighter ; black- ish above ; belly abruptly white ; a pale spot ut the base of each scale, these forming conspicnous whitish streaks along the rows of scales etowanus. ' Scales small, reduced, and crowded anteriorly more or less ; 58 to 72 in the lateral line and about 20 to 25 in a transverse series from the ven- r- trals to the dorsal : snout moderate or rather short. {Deca- daciylus.) t Upper lip '""Tnparatively thin, with but few (2 or 3) rows of papillae. a. Dorsal da with but 10 or 11 developed rays ; scales but littlo reduced in size forwards. ♦ 6. Body moderately stout ; depth 4 J in length ; head very small and short, about 5 in length; eye moderate; fins all notably small: scales ' • small, snbequal, 9-70-9, larger on the middle of the body than -' -. f -i on the caudal peduncle : body with scattered, dusky, nebu- • '• - Ions spots CLAUKi, 25. J)b. Body rather elongate, snbterete, heavy at the shoulders and tapering back- wards, the depth about 5 in length ; head moderate, about 4^ in length ; month comparatively small ; lips moderate, the upper narrow, with about two rows of largo tubercles : scales f . 7 'J little crowded forwards, 58 to 63 in the lateral line, 19 in a cross-series : a series of dusky spots along each row of scales, ' as in Minytrema tnelanopa; the spots sometimes obscure. INSIGNIS, 26. aa. Dorsal with 11 to 13 developed rays : scales mnch reduced and crowded ante- riorly, c. Body moderately stout, varying with age, snbterete, heavy at the shoul- ders, the depth 4 to 4f in length : head rather large and stout, conical, fiattish above, its length 4 to 4^ in body (3^ to 4^ in young) ; snout moderately prominent, scarcely overpassing the month ; mouth rather large, the lips strongly papillose, the upper moderate, with two or three rows of papillte: scales crowded anteriorly, much larger on the sides than be- low ; scales 10-64 to 70-9 : coloration olivaceous ; males in spring with a faint rosy lateral band ; young brownish, more or less mottled, often with about three large confluent lateral blotches, which sometimes form an obscure lateral band. TERES, 27. H Upper lip thick and full, with several (5 to 8) rows of papillae: scales crowded forwards. ' -70-8: color dark: scales with dark pnnctulations arj^opls, Ul.j ••* Scales very small, B3uch reduced and crowded anteriorly: 83 to 115 in tbelatcrelj line, and 25 to 40 in a transverse series from the vintralstjj the dorsal : body and heaek!s: eye rathi-r small, behind the middle of the head: ' '■■ scales very small, much crowded forw.. rds, 95 to 114 in the course of the lateral line, and about iiO (26 to 31) in a cross row f ;-oni dorsal to ventrals : dorsal rays 10 or 11 : ninlcs in spring with the head and anal iin profusely tuberculato, the tubercles on the head small; the sides at that season with a broad rosy band: size large; the largest species in tlui ger.us LOXGiKOSTins, ;54. ff. Upper lip very broad, with several (5 or G) rows of large papilliK. t. Body long and slender, subterete, rompressed behind, tho form essentially tbat of C. loiign'oslrin, tho depth cont.iincd 5^ times in tho length : head large, 4 in length of body, the interorbital *' space broatl andilat,2i in length of head: eye small, high up and rather posterior: preorbital bone very long and hh-nder, ' its length aliout three times its depth : mouth lar^o, preeisely • as in C. lat'qnunis, the up[ier lip penden) , very large, with 5 to 8 Eeries of tubercles : dorsal tin not elongated or osjioiially '-• elevated, its rays 11, the beginning of the dorsal ntuch i. ': nearer base of caudal than snout : caudal iin long and stron;;ly forked: anal flu long and high, reaching base of caudal : ven- trala not reaching vent : caudal peduncle stout and deep, its least depth more than ope-third length of head, its length about two-thirds that of head : scales qnito small, about as in longitostris, the exposed portion not notably leiigtbt^ned : chest with well-developed scales; scales 10-1110-14 : eoloration dusky brown, a dusky lateral baud, pale below, the dark colors exteudinglow; snout quite dark: size large.. i:kti!01'inni8, 11'). a. Body slender and elongate, tho caudal peduncle especially long and very slender, the dei)th 5J in the length: head moderate, 4J in length, rather slender, with prominent snout and rather contracted, inferior mouth ; outline of the mouth ttiangular, the apex forwards; the lips very thick, greatlj- d"ev('loj)ed , lower lip incised to the base, its ])08terior margin extt>nding backwards to opposite the eye: jaws with a slight eurtila- giuous pellicle : eye small, high up : preorbital bone broad, scarcely twice as long as deep: scales long and low, posteri- orly rounded, their horizontal diameter greater than tho ver- N. M. No. 12-11 1 J, J I . '*^V1| II i: '•'-/ ,•' /.I'l 11;' ;.;• ^^'V- ''ii I ■^ '.(> 1 '^• I 1^ 1 '<•«. ■I' ' IrS' i'H ^ I -Its **/ ... , "I *"W-<- k ^* i i \ ^ '* t . , yv > ' ^^/ * >"• > r^ * ' . , ' -.' ; U ' ,'• ' . » /I *. •» ^ '. M .. ; ' :^:^ wjHt--^ * r> .^/ 'wH k njj^^jEB \^ * I^VJnB -* »s 162 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — ^III. IV tical, 17-98 to 105-17: fins excessively developed, much more elevated in the males than in tbe feiuales*, tli(3 free ^ border of the dorsal, in the males at least, deeply incised : in the males, the height of each of the three vertical tins in greater than the length of the head: dortsal rays i:!, \U beginning rather nearer snont than base of dorsal : caiuLltin especially strong, tbe rudinieutr.ry rays at its base nnnsnally developed : least depth of caudal peduncle lees than on -tliird length of head : coloration rather silvery, the males iirobiibly rosy and tnbercnlate in spring latipinnis,30. ^JFontanello almost obliterated, redi.jed to a narrow slit: each jaw with a well- , develojjed cartilaginous sheath (as in Pavtoslenii). j. Body subterete, compressed l»ehind,the depth 5 in length: in- terorbital space 2 in head : head quite short, broiid and J ; , rounded above, 4t in length . eye small, far back and hi^h up, 6 ia head: mouth very large, inferior, beneath the pnjccting snout : upper lip very full, pendent, with abo\'t 5 rows of tn- . bi.fck's u;onit: lower lip very full, moderately incised, with L,;, , , ., .; nbont 10 rows, a notch separating the upper lip from tk lower, each jaw with a slightly curved cartilaginous sbeath on its edge, the two parallel with each other and fitting closely together: fins small: dorsal rays 11; caudiil little forked: scales 15-00-11, very much reduced forwards and Biibject to many irregularities: colorstiutky : sizesniall, .DiscoiJOLis,3fi. ,.. , 24. CAT0ST0.MU3 NIGKICANS Le Sueur. flitif Sucker. Hog Mullet. Hon Molly. Crnul-a-hoHom. Slone lloUvr. Stow Toki:\ iStone Lugger, Hammerhead. Mud Sucler. a. Subspecies nigricans. 1P17 — CatoKtomuH nigrieavH Lk Sfiot'lt, Jonni, Ac. Nat. Se. Pliila. 10-2. CatoHtomuH nigrann{:ie) KiliTi.AM), Kept. Zool, Ohio, ICH, ISllH. CatoKlomuH nigrieanfi DkKay, New \()rk Fauna, part iv.Fishes, S202, IH-l'i. i,; Cato»tomu8 ntgrimnn ClivlKK & VALKN'CiKNNKS.Hist. Nut. des Poiss. xviiiU", ,, ... 1H44. raioMtdmun nlcri'^anR STonEn,.S^>nopslH,421, lH4(t. Hjlltimyzoii niyrieauH AtiASHi/., Am. Journ. Soi. Arts, 2d peries, xix,20r), 1855. llilhmi/ion tiigrieavH Pitnam, Bull. Mus. Conip. Zool. 10, l^fib. '* Hylomyznn iiigricnnn CoPii, Proc. Ar. Nat. He. Phiia.26&, 1H64 CatoB' imun iilgrieann Cow., .lourn. Ac. Nat. He, Plilla. 2:<0, IStW. ..,, CalOHfovu - v\gri-a»H (5(*nTiiKI!, Cat. FisheH Brit. M;ih. vii, 17, 1H08. Cato.UomuH niyriennn I Ovi;, Proc. \m. Pliilos. 8oe. Philo. 408, 1870. Hylomyzon nigrieauf .ioRD/.N, Hhijob ot Ind. 221, 1875. Hypenielium ninrirann .loiiiuN, Bull. Bnfl'a':> Boc. Nat. Hist. 05, 1H70. IhipenUlium ttigrteann .JoitDAX, Man. Vert. 294, lH7fl. t'a( ttomuf Kigrieatm lIiii.KH & Lro'^KH, FIkIi-h of Marylnml. l.''H, |«7'; HupmteUum nigricar- Nklson, Bull. Ho, 1 , lils. Muh. Nut. Hint. 48, liSJU 181 Sspenteliu CaloHtomua Bypmteliut Si )entelim ^ ■'venieUun lostomus \ CKtontonius t Caiostomus ji 1844. CatoHiomm rn Catoslotnua m i^l^—Exoglossum m nypenteViam i irypenteUim « J^JcogloMum mt ExogloHimm nic i^'iO-Catoatomm xnr, ''^-fCntostomuHTt ^'^*-C'ttto9tomiis jjja, pl. r.Ui. (-'atoitomus plat ^^-Cntostonoc nign IfAmTAT.— New Y,„ '"•''Wrtn««infl,„^l t"ow.. from the strea TIjih .species is o ""•■Slickers, it,, strciiiiis, and its *'iool-|)o,v in fl,e \ lisl' ill the water irofioiiless on the 1 ^«ti»«:ui8h from t 'laifs away very q„ I""*-" fro in floeks „/ I'" "'"I'y mii.hly U-, '"' ^''O- /Irst flJhes ['""••''' 't Js u flsh ,.. P'mtoma or Umn r'«»»^kt'r,u.,(lhH •*• It in forttina ''f«'"'y a Uiisnomei ^l'is«uckerreache.'« CATOSTOMUS NIGRICANS. 163 Sypcntelium nigricans Jokdan /XienteHum nigricans Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 319, 1878. 181 lostomus macitlosHS Lk Sueur, Jonrn. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 103. CatotitoniHs maculosus DeKay, New York Fahna, part iv. Fishes, 203, 1842. Caiostomus maculosus CuviER & VALKWCiKNNEa, Hist. Nat. des Puiss. xvii, 454, 1844. '->■" • Catoslomus maculosus Storer, Synopsis, 422, 184G. Catofilomus maculosus Uiir.ER tfc Lugger, Fishes of Maryland, 139, 1876. \'i\'i—Exoglossum macrophrum R afixesque. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 420. HypcntcUum mccropterum Rafine8QUE, Ich.0h.C8, 1820. Ififpentelium macropferum Kirtlaxd, Rept. Zool. Ohio, 168, 1838. Exoglossum macrophrum Cuvier & Valenciennes, xvii, 486, 1844. ExoglosHum macropferum Storer, Synopsis, 428, 184(). \-^lO—Ca(ostomtis .rnnthopus Rakinesque, Ich. Oh. 57. 1820— .' Caiostomus Imvgostomns Raii>.esqi;e, Ich Oli. 59. (Most likely mythical.) \ii\—Catosionms pJaniccps Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. desPoissons, xvii, 450, pi. 516. Catostomns planiceps Storer, Synopsis, 426, 1846. aa. Siilispecies efowanus. \?n—Caioifomuy nigricans vnr. etouaniis Jordan, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 34.'. IIaiutat. — New York and Maryland to North Carolina; west to the Great I'lains. Wr.thnvanus in the Alabama River. Most conmion inthe Central Mississippi Itusin ; not tuowii from the streams of the Sonth Atlantic States, excepting the Savannah River. This species is one of the most abmnliuit ami widely distributed of our Suckers. It abounds in rapids and sboals, especially in tlie larger strcains, and its singular, almost eoniical form is fiiniiliar to every scliool-boy in the West. Its powerful pectoral fins render it a swifter fell in the water than any others of its family. Its habii is to rest itotioidess on the bottom, where its ntottled colors n'uder it difilcult to liistiiiguish from the stones among which it lies. When disturbed, it tlaits away very quickly, after (he mannerof the KlheostonM)ids. They rfteii go in flocks of eight to ten. I have never yet found this species >Q t'cally muddy water, and when placed in the ac|narium it is one of lliivcry first fishes to feel the intluence of impure water. In my expe- nt'iice, it is a fish us peculiar to the clear streams as the spe<:ie8 of il'ieosfoma or UraHulea are. Professor Agassiz speaks of it as the pnil Slicker, and has named it //^/om^.;o», in allusion to its mnd-loviug *it»(. It is fortunate that that uamo has becomu a syuouym, fur it is rtaiiily a misnomer. This iSucker reaohcs a length of about 18 inches. It is not much valued lit,, id ii',. !.■ i, • r1(» *■"■■■':.■ ^t%\ • :■■'• . ..' ;• '-. 1" VJilPl'l ► » k. ..r'' S^^hi > i > ' ' ' " I , 164 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. Ir^-^'.l^ as food, but is often caught by boys with a spear or snare. In coinpaiiv with other species of Catostomus av(\ Myxostoma, it ascends all our West- ern streams in April for the purpose of depositing its spawn. The Southern form, which I have designated as var. etoicanus, is more intensely colored and differs in some minor respects. It frequents, m great abundance, the clear tributaries of the Etowah, Oostanauhi, and Coosa Rivers, in company with Potamocoftus mcridionalis {zophcnis), a species to which the young of the Catostomiis bears much rosemblaiice as seen in the water. The synonymy of this species has been well worked out by rrofessor Agassiz. The variations in age and appearance have given lise to a number of nominal species, most of which have, however, already beou disjjosed of. The oldest specific name, nnjricans, has been the one most generally employed. The generic name used depends on whethir we consider this species generically distinct from the type of Catostomus or not. It would seem — if we may so speak — as if Nature had intended lIiJi>entcUum for a distinct genus, but not being an expert in generic chara(;ters, hatl failed to provide it with any which can stand our tests, The nani(> Ihjlomyzon^ being a simple synonym of IIiii)ciitcUiim, ol'course cantiot be used, llaflnesque's account is much inferior to that of Pro fessor Agassiz, and the lijiure given by him is one of the wors' ever publislicd, still his typical species is readily identifiable, and his name for it cannot be set aside. Sjjrcimenn in Un'tUil SlatvH yutional Munciim. Number. 7644 e44f) H7(i'2 lK)(il 9009 13295 ir)24r. 200<;i; 901(X{ a0. Catoatomua inaigne Cope & Yahhow, WheclerV Expl. W. lOOtb Mcr. v, Zool. 670, 1876. Vatoatoviua iuaignia Johdan & Copki.and, Check List, 1.5(i, 1876, Habitat.— Tribntaries of the Rio Giln, The original types o I this species, Iroin the Rio San Pedro, are now lost. The specimens colli ted by Dr. Rothrock in Ash Creek, Arizona, and referred to this speci' -^ by Professor Cope, undoubtedly belong lieri'. The species is a well . larked one, both as to tbrm and coloration. The jfeiuis MinomuH, of which it was uuide the type, appears, however, to liave I '1 10 tangiblo extstcnce. Spedmena in United States National Muaeum. Number. Locality. Collector. it'7r.6 Ash Cri'ck, Arirotni Dr,J,T Rothrock. nik Mi-' ■ • .- ' ■' > i7'Vi'i' •(\.' .; ■■''^■-V.n: i^ K'' ' t- ■■'" t f 1i.-Jl'..A .. J. 166 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 27. CATOSTO^TJS TEltES {Mitchill) Le Sueur, vv ,.; Common Sucker. White Sucker. Brook Sucker. Fine-scaled Sucker, 1803 — Le Cyprin co miner aonien Lac^pede, Hist. Nat. ties Poiss. v, 502, 508. Cato8tomu8 commersonii Joudan, Man. Vert. ed. 2(1, ".{20, 1878. 18 Cyprinua catoHtomm Feck, Mem. Am, Acail. ii, pt. 2, p. 55, pi. 2, f. 4. (Not of Forster.) • v: ' 1814— Cyprinua teres Mitciiill, Lit. and Pbil. Trans. New York, i, 458. Co Cato8/omM8 to-es Jokdan, Fislies of Ind. 221, 1875. , : ■ - r Catostomus teres Jokuan, Man. Vert. 293, 1876. Catostomus teres Nklson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mns. Nat. Hist. 48, 1876. Catostomus teres Jokdan & Copeland, Check List, 156, 1876. Catoatomus teres Joudan & Gilukijt, in Kilppart's Rept. 53, 1876. Catostomus rerea Joudan & Gildkut, in Klippart's First Report Ohio Fish Com- mission, 84. ^<1. xii, f. 18-19, 1877. ' ,, .,i Catostomus teres Joudan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mns. ix, 37, 1877. 1817 — Catostomus communis Lk Sl'kuu, Jonrn. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliila. i, 95. Catoxtomus commuHis DkKay, New York Fauna, part iv. Fishes, 196, 1842. Catostomus communis CuviEU & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 42(), 1844. . Catostomus communis Kiutland, Boston Jonrii. Nat, Hist. v,265, 1845. Catostomus communis SroUEU, Synopsis, 421, 184(i. Catostomus communis Cope, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pbila. 236. 1868. Catostomus communis UllLEU &, Ll'GOEU, Fishes of Maryland, 138, 1876. 1817 — CatoKlomus hostonlensis Le SrKru, Jonrn. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliilu. 106. Catoatomus bcatonienais Stoueu, Kep*. Ich. Mass. 84, 1"'38. Catostomus hostoniensis CtviEU &. Vai.unciknnes, Hist, Nut. des Poissuiii«,ivii, J 432,1844. ; Catostomus bostonicnsis Stoueu, Synopsis, 423, 1846. Caloslonius hoHloniinsis Putnam Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 10, 1863. Catoatomus btiatoiurnaia (Jii.i., Camidian .Nat. [i, 19, Aug. lHii5. Catostomus hostoniensis SrouKU, Hist. Fishes Mass. 29(», pi. xxii, f. 3, 1867. Catostomus hostoniensis TiiouKAU, Week on Ccncord and Merrimack, 3h, 18S U Sueur.) Cjiprinus (('aloitomns) hudaonius RiciiAUUHON, I'uuua Bor.-Aui. Fishes, IIJ, l''<'j (Gxol. tiyu.) 1830— r(/^»W(iM(t {Catoatomus) reliculatut RicnAitDsoN, 1 auna nor.-Am. PIhIipm, 'IW. CAT0ST0MU8 TERES. 167 1838— CaWdtomus gracilis Kirtland, Kept. Zool. Ohio, 168. 183?!— faHi«« sMffciii CoPK, Haydeu's Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 434, 1872. Catoslomus suckleyi Jokdan & Copeland, Check List, 166, 1876. ItiOO— f Catoslomus lexanus Auiiorr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 473. . • ,, f Catoslomus lexanus Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 156, 1876. [■^—Catoslomus vhloropteron Abbott, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 473. Catoslomus chloroptn-um CoPE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 85, 1865. Catoslomus cliloroptnus Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 156, 1876. \^G— Catoslomus allicohts Cope &, Yarrow, Wheeler's Expl. W. 100th Mer. v, Zool. 677. Catoslomus aliicolus Jordan & Copeland, Check List, ir)6, l'i76. \ab!e to say. Tliis species is everywhere the one to which the name of ^'^ucker" llinmarily belongs, the other species, though often called "Sucker", as hsort of general term, receiving the special names of Ked Horse, IJuftaio, IMiillct, Chub Sucker, etc. Tliis species is subject to considerable variations in dill'erent watera. I'll shnded brooks, it is ?• / ': « iris , ''v f * I , I * I, 1 -7> X > \^ » ft (1-:^ \ ■ " 168 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. blotches, which are Homutiines couflueut into an irregular dusky baud. Such little fishes usually have the lateral line imiiert'ect. Ou such, the nominal species Moxostoma trisignatum was based, ., . The male fishes in the spring show a more or less distinct pinkish or rosy lateral band. The males and females ascend the small streams ia the spring for the purpose of depositing their spawn. The coincidence of their times of migration with that of some of the early settlers of Illi. uois, who used to come up from New Orleans in the spring, returning in the fall, has given to the natives of that State the slang name of "Slickers", as natives of Michigan were called •• Wolverenes"; of Miuue seta, "Gophers"; of Wisconsin, "Badgers"; of Indiana, "Hoosiers"; of Ohio, "Buckeyes"; and of Missouri, "Pukes". I have elsewhere adopted the name ^' commernoni" for this species, inasmuch as there is little doubt that it is the '■^Cyprin commersonien"* of Lacepede, as has long since been noticed by Valenciennes. Dr. Giinther quotes, in the synonymy of Catoatomus teres, ^^Cyprimit commerstmnii Lacepede"; but, on examination of Lac(5p6de's work, I am unable to find that he uses the name commersoni, or in fact any classical name whatever for the species, and as priority of date can hardly be claimed for a French name like '•'•Cyprm commersonien''\ I am compelled to fall back on Mitchili's very appropriate name teres for the species. The identity of C. teres of ]\litchill, C. communis and C. hosloniensis of Le Sueur, C. itticuliitusoiliMinrdi^ou, C. gracilis oil\.\ilh\u{l, ami C.pttllidiui of DeKiiv has been long since shown, and has been generally admitted by late writers. C. nigricans of Storer and Thompson, from the Con- necticut, is evidently the dusky brook form of this species, and not the tine li/flfma/js of Le Sueur. It is equally evident that the species called C. aureolus by Valenciennes and Giinther is the present one iiiul not Mij.vostoma aureohun. Agassi/As CatostomusforslerianuH is doid)tless the common lake fbrni of C. tens, as indicated by J3r. Giinther. Tlic - - * - ■■- — — ■ — ■— ■ ■■" ■' — ~ * Till) rollo\viii)f Im Lnc<^ii^(lu'H (li'scriptioii ol Imh "Zc Cypnn VommerHomen" :— "Ouzu rayoim ilia iloiHuli^; liiiit lY la nii^eoire ilu I'aniiH; dix h cliR(|tui vt'iitrale; buit on utuf it cliaqiie pecUirali! ; la nagcoiro tin «lo8 ot cello do raiuiH nuaihiliittres; I'anal i^troitc ; I'aiijflo «!»» IVxtroiiiittWli! cotto dcrniisio iiageoiru triss aigu; la iiiiiilalt' en cioiHuaiit; la liyiic laf6ralo droito; la iiiacboire Bupdriomo plu8 avaucee 4110 oelle (I'cn bas; U>h dcailicH nrrniulies ot tr^bpetitus. "Le cuiiinierHOiiieii, dout nous puhlions Iuh pn^iiilors la doHcription, et que le siivant CoiiiinorKoii a obscrvt^, prdmdite uii double oiitlco pour cliaqiie narine ; Ha t6te tuf ilt^iiuce do petitt'H 6caill('H; wh voiitrales ot set* pectoraleH Bi»iit arruiidiea d, leiir exfrc^iniK-; la doFHalo tj'<$16vo ven le luiliou de lu lougueur tutulo do lit poiaitou." CATOSTOMUS TEBES. 169 types of C. sucMii are lost, but C. teres occurs in tbe Upper Missouri region, and Girard's description bints at no specific difference. Catosto- mm chloropteron Abbott is evidently tbe same. Catostotmis tetanus Abbott, described from a dried specimen, is less clear, but wbat tbere is of specific cbaracterization in tbe description points to C. teres. The dorsal carinatiou is frequently observed in stufifed flsbes in wbicb some flesb is left in tlie back to sbrink in drying, leaving tbe back " carinated". I have examined several of tbe types of Catostonius alticolns Co\)e. They are all small tisbes, not oue-lourtb grown, and, as usual in young fishes, tbe bead appears proi)ortionally large. I see, however, no rea- son for considering them diflferent from (Jatostomus teres. Moxostoma imignntum I have already referred to. Tbe absence of tbe lateral line is due to their youth, not to their belonging to a different genus. The three large lateral spots, *' not seen in any other of the order," are fouiul on young spei imens of Caiostomus generally. I have examined the types of '■'•Moxostoma triniynatmn ", and have found specimens of similar size, similarly colored and without lateral line, from iMichigan and from other Western States. I would undertake to match tliem from any I stream in the West. Tbe reference of these specimens to Moxostoma [Eiimyzon) was probably the result of a very hasty examination. a^ecimtma in United States Xatiunal Museum. ;.".:.i&j n'. ■•. '^ \i rrpr. I • ■ v' . ;> ■ , \ . . %.'• ' ' ■''■■hi Number. Locality 1592 m[) T0()7 7()07 T()77 7G78 im\ 7707 7717 7777 77(Jl 8320 8409 8440 8451 84H9 SoOl 8573 Carlisle, Pu MinyluiKi Surumervillo, S. C Ltiko Ciiuinplaiu Maiiiitta, Ohio 170 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Specimens in United Slates National Museum — Continued. ',>J. Number. 86fi4 8671 8689 8728 H751) 8834 8870 8927 8984 9041 90&4 9059 9157 9170 9182 9195 9207 9393 9404 9503 9646 9875 10540 11146 11147 11148 12r{20 12915 12936 12937 12931) 12940 1535(5 16777 17099 18258 18259 20010 20057 20097 20194 20195 Locality. Huron River, Michigan. Oswego, N. Y . Alabama MisBOuri (f). Pembina, Red River of the North Aux Plaines River, Illinois Lake Champljin Ecorse, Mich Abbeville, S. C MiH8i8si|)pi Valley Black River Lake Superior Sandusky, Ohio Sandusky, Ohio Sandusky, Ohio Potomac River Twin Lakes, Colorado (alticolus) South Hadley Falls, Mass South Hadley Falls, Maea South Hadley Falls, Mass. South Hadley Falls, Mass Bainbridge, Pa Twin Lakes, Colorado (types of alticolus) Arkansas River, Pueblo, Col. (types of triHignatuni) . i'otomac River Potomac River Yellow Creek, Ohio .• Brownsville, Tex Sing Sing, N. Y [ Northern Boundary Survey, Dokota Collector. Barry. S. F. Baird. Barry. R. Keuuicott. R. Kennicott. G. Clark. S. F. Baird. J. W.MhxT. J.W. Miln.T, J. W. Milner. J. W. Miliier. .J.W. Milner. J. T. K.tiuock, J. VV. Mihier. J. W. Milner. J.W.Milmr. .I.W. Milner. T. II. l{i,in. J. 'J'. K tliroel C. E. Aikeu. G. H. Gnode. G. B. (io'ide. S. F. lliiiid. 8. F. Baird. Dr. Ellidtl H Xamber. 20241 20238 20^50 20262 20266 20267 2026H 20316 20;}44 20377 20382 20454 Quebei Fox R Sing Si Root, E JPotoma Potomai Platte \ Wilkesh Etowah Saluda E 20918 I Fort Brie 28* C I'^-Catosfomua macr Catosfomua niacn CaiostomuH macn C'atostomus macn HABiTAT.-Colun.bia <^uly the original |timeii, well prcsorv '■occiUcnfalis, I an Wably larifer tlm„ Wion of a large sei "luito them. Spec lliiimber ^-lU I Astoria, Oreg, Sh!" iJOJO CATOSTOMUS MACROCHILUS. /Specimens in United Slates Kational i/useum— Continued. 171 Xamber. 20241 20238 2025G 20262 20266 20267 2026H 20;{16 20344 20:577 20;!82 20454 20918 Locality. Piermont, N. Y MiKlison, Wis... Quebec, Canada Fox River, Wisconsin.. Sing Sing Root River, Wisconsin. Potomac River Potomac River Platte Valley, Nebraska Wilkesbarre, Pa Etowah River, Georgia Saluda River, South Carolina. Fort Bridger, Wyoming Collector. S. F. Baird. S. F. Baird. S. F. Baird. S. F. Baird. S. F. Baird. S. F. Baird. Goode &. Bean. House. L.H.Taylor. D. S. Jordan. D. 8. Jordan. 28.* CATOSTOMUS MACKOCHILUS Girard. Large-lqtped Sue er. \M—Catos1omu8 macrocheihis GinAiii), Pioe. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 175. Catoatomua macrocheilua Girai!D, U. S. Pac. R. R. Expl. x, 225, 1858. CatostomuH macrovhilus GUnthkk, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 20, 1868. Catostomus macrockiUts JoitDAN & Coi'KLAnd, Check List, 156, 1876. Habitat. — Columbia River. Only the original type of this species is kiiowD. It is an adult spe- ItiiDeii, well preserved. Altliongli this .species seems closely related to \toccidcntalis, I am disposed to consider it distinct, as the mouth is wtably larger than in auy ooeidentalis which 1 have seen. The exami- Btion of a large series of specimeus may, however, render it necessary )uuite them. , J Specimfvs in United States National Museum, Snnilter. Locality. Collect, ■»!. 240 Astoria, Oregon (typo macrochilus) Lienr. Trowbridge. "For 28 (6). Catostomus fecundus Co'ie & Yarrow, see Addenda, p. 219. ' h *. 1 i*5 \i •♦T ' *'8 "Ltf I >i?i , >r r" • ■< 'iW • *1 '.'-^Id ■; ? 4 r • fi' 172 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 1 1- 29. OATOSTOMUS OCCIDENTALIS Ayres. Wealern Sucker. 18£4 — Cr.tostomua occidentalis Aykes, Proc. Ciil. Ac. Nat. Sc. i, 18. C'ltostomua occidentalis Agassiz, Aui. Jourii. Sc. Arts, ad series, xix, 200, 1855. ^Described as anew species.) Catoalomm occidenlalis Giuaud, Pioc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 174, 1856. CalosiomHs occidvittalia Giuakd, U. S. Pac. K. li. Expl. x, 224, 1858. Catogtomus occidenialin GOntiikr, Cat Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 17, 1868. Cato8tomu8 occidenialii) Jokdan & Copeland, Check List, 156, 1876. (Nann* only.) 1856 — f Calo8tomu8 hei'nurdini Giuakd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 175. ? Vatostomus bcniardini GiUAUU, U. S. Mex. Bound. Ichth. 40, pi. 2y, f. 1-3, 1859. f Calontomiis Iwrnardirii GOM'IIEK, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mas. v. 7, 17, 1868. Habitat. — Streams west of the Rocky Mountains, probably generally distribuied. This species was de.scribed almost simultaneously under rlie same name by Dr. Ayres and Professor Agassiz. Since then it ha^ been little noticed by ichthyologists, and its <' ribution has remained nnceitain. The few specimens in the National Museum indicate, however, a wide distribution. I have here united Catostomus hcrnnrdini Girard to C, occidentalis. The single specimen made the tyi)e of C. bernardiiu is lost, so that we can probably never know exactly for what the author in tended the name. The size of the dorsal and the form of the mouth .is given in Girard's figure indicate a species of Catostomus latiier than Pantosteits, and as I am unable to distinguish it from C. occidcni(dk, I let it fall into the synonymy. The scales of C. hernardini as fignml seem, however, smaller than usual in C. occidentalis. C. occidentalis is ai)parently related to C. teres, but is distiiijruisLed bj'^ the form of mouth and l)y the somewhat smaller scales. Tlie .species is " brought to the market in San Francisco, and is said to be quite common in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Hivers.'' — (GiiiAUD.) Speciraena in United States National Muneum. l^S—Catoxtomus a Number. Locality. Collector. 155-27 Green River, WvoKiin;^ .... Livingston Stone. Livingston Stone. '20814 McLeod River, California '}''>r"'iT,jioii "•-.'nii -.'».'» .vii ...il,) .. ,:,i. .-.;. ::;■.>•: f .'jO'l '»,-;. <■ •' '" CAT08TOMU8 TAHOENSIS. 173 30. CATOSTOMUS LABIATUS Ayres. Thick-lipped SucJcer. 1855— Catoatomiis lahialus Ayres, Proc. ChI. Ac. Nat. 8c. i, 32. CatoMomua labiatus GiUAiil>, Proo. Ac. Nut. Sc. Phil.i. 175, 1850. Catoatomim laUatns Gikakd, U. 8. Pac. R. R. Expl. x, 224, I8.'')a. CatoslomiiH lahiatus JoKDAN & Copeland, Check List, 156, 1876. Habitat. — Stroanm of Oregon (Klamath Lake). I have seen only the specimen from wliicii Glrard's description was taken. Like macrochilus, this species appears distinct from occidentalism but the examination of a larger series of specimens is necessary to prove it. At present, it appears to diff'i-r from macrochilus and occiden- lali^ in the smaller size of the dorsal fin. Specimens in United States yational Museum. Namber. Locality. CoUertor. 239 KLamath Lake Oreiron . Dr. John S. Newberry. 31. CATOSTOMUS AR^OPUS Jordan, sp. nov. Hard-headed Siwhr. \^B—Caioitomus arcropus Jokdan, MSS., W'l telei's Keiort Snrv. W. lOOth Mer. (ined.). This species represents C. discobolus in tiie section Dccmlactylus. Its very narrow fontanelle and sheathed lips indicate its close relation to Pantostem. The specific name is from «/jat(5?, small, thin ; c-;?, hole or aperture. The typical specimens were from Kern River, California. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. 17107 Kern River. Cal. (^tvne^ . n. W. IlenBhaw. ' 17103 Carson River. Nevada . .. H. W. Honshaw. 32. CATOSTOMUS TAHOENSIS Gill tfc Jordan. Sucker of Lake Tahoe. [%.■<— Acomus (lenerosuH Coopeu, Croniw'H Nat. Wealili Cal. 495. (Not of Girord.) . ^"'•^Catoslomus talwensis Gii.r. & .loHDAN, Hull. U. 8. Nat. Mns. xi, p. — . IIaiiitat.— Lake Taboo, Nevada. Tbo Sucker of Lake Tahoo is closely related to Catosfomu." longirostris, but seems to differ constantly in the shorter head and mor«) contracted mmim • *^'40ii &mm t 'ii>nti biliirca lacinia linferiurpaulo major nndecimradiata, superior novemradiata tota pinna viginti radiis LnfrtiUa extremis lateralibus cum adminiculo radicali connatis. Radii penuaruni ad Itstreiiiitatis qnadrifidi et extremi ad radices duidicati vel ex binis truiicis connati, lijiiam ab rem primus dorsalis longitudinaliter ad basin sulcatus est, quod otiam in Iprinio analis et caudalibus extremis fere ex tribus compositis cernitur. In dorsali et liDaii pinna radii valde distant, pectorales ventrales et analis pinna) aureo-rubescentes lit ad basin prominentes, pectorales adeo tuberosa;, ventralium radices per mem- Itoosam himinam triangularem squnmatam obteguntur. Anus cauilie propior. In- \m\i Don exploriivi. Cbaracteribus cmterum generis cyprinacei ore niinirum edentulo, lleutiltus post brancbialibus, nienibntna branchiostega triradiata utiinque iustructus jitt. A celebi'irimo Mirck plura specima ex siccata ex Covymo) fluvio allata sunt, IDKiioinime Tscbukutschau dekignata sunt. Annotavit simul idem, 'piscem in Lena I Indij'irca eju^iquo colliiterali lapidoso Dogdo fluviis copiosum esse sed propter utlnuis vulocitatem captu ditficilem es'se et non nisi in coucis fluminum raniis banio ppi, Rregatim et velocissimo natare, sapidissimum casteruni, excepto vere, cum, ova far;;nut nee aristis impoditum piscem esse, attamen ab accolis Covymas et ludigirca) tiii caput tantem in deliciis habet, reliqua canibuscedunt) non multnni JBHtimari.'" — paAS, Zoographia Rosno-AsiaUca, pp. 308-310.) 34. CATOSTOMUS LONGIROSTRI8 Le Sueur. ' Long-nosed Sucker. Xorthern Sucker. lied-sided Sucker. 'Ciiprinus caiostomua Forsikr, Pbilos. Trans. Ixiii, lo.'i, tab. (>, 1773." , Ciiprinus catastomua Schneidkij, cd. Blocb, 444, 1802. ^ , .-,,.., fl(-Cft/o«^om«« Jon •* 1' ,.'1- 1 '\ iv Ala I I • 1* rf' %' .*• ■ '' ' 'f i 1 * * * < I:" '*m. \ ■ m-^. mm 'innn i y.- •t-^V::ii it- : ^•^r 176 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — IIL • Catosfomus hiidsonius CuviEU &, Valenciknnes, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 409, 1844. Caloatomus hudaonius Stouer, Synopsis, 419, 1846. Ca'.oxtomus hiidsonins Agassiz, Am. Joiini. Sc. Arts, 2d «erie8, xix, 208, 185.'). CatostomiiH Itudsoiiiiia GOnther, Cat. Fishes Bi it. Mus. vii, IIJ, 18G8. Catoniomiis IiudHoniua Jordan, Man. Vert. 293, 187li. Catonfomns I'ltdiionius Nelsox, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48, 1876. . 182;i — Cafoxtomns forHicriatiiis Richardson, Fraiikliii's .louriial, 720. CatostomiiH forntcrinniis Richardson, Faiiuu Hor.-Anier. iii. Fishes, IKi, IBIiG. CatonlomiiH fornl(riuni(8 DeKay, New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 20.J, 1842. CatoHtomua fonteriaiiua Cuviek &, Valencienxks, Hist. Nat. des Poiesous', xvlj, 4G;!, 1844. Catostomua forslcrinnus Storkr, Synopsis, 419, 1846. Acomiis fornfirianiiK Gikard, I'loc. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'liila. 172, 1856. CatostomuH fovHterianuH I'r inam, Hull. Miis. Coiiij). Zool. 10, 186;$. CatostomuH fomterianua Jordan & Coi'KI.and, (Mieck List, 156, 1876. 1850 — ('(itontomiiH aurora AOAssiz, Lake Superior, lUiO, |il. 2, 1'. H-4. A-onu» aurora Gikard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc Pliila. 17:?, IH'O. CalustoMitH iii:rora Pi'tnam, Bull. ''is. Conip. Zool, 10, 186;{. 1856 — AcomuH yrimiiH GiKARH, Proc. Ac. Nut. He. Pliila. 174. Jromic- (,,iwuf Girapd, U. 8. Pac. R. R. Expl. x,222, pi. xlix, 1858. CatoHtomiis grimuH GDnther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 14, 1868. Catoytomiik firinfum CoPE llayden's Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1.-*70, 434, 1"^72. CatonlomiiH iirinriiH Jordan «!'.■ CorKi.AND, Check List, l.^iti, 187(i. 1856— Cn^osromi'i Im^iariiiH Giiiard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 171. Jcoiiiiis hctariua GiRAliD, U. 8. Pac. R. R. Expl. x, 22;J, 1858. CatoHtomus laoiariua Jordan & Copei.and, Check List, 156, 1S76. Haiutat. — New Eiijriaud to Nehiasku iiiid north to Alaska and tho Arctic Sea. Ex- troniely iibuii.laiit in Brilish Ann r'eaniid alon^ the northern lioundariesof (In- riiitii! States, but no! fbiinil south of 40° north latitude. This is i'liollit *" o}' our imiDorous spwifs wliich Unw. iiii oxtrcmcly wide rnngc oJ' diMtribiitioii and a t'oiKsiderahlc ranjjfo of variation. It lias Ihmii longer known than any other of the Sut-Urrs. Tno oldest spccilic iiiiiin' ^iven was that of catoHtomus, which, however, had to be .set aside wlii'ii the generic natne CatvHtoiuvH was proposed for it. The lU'Xt. name iii onle'' of time is the very appiopriate one of lo>i(jirontnnn Le Suetir(iiior(' properly spelled longiroiit r in), giw^n to some specimens fron> Veiiiioiit, Five iHifjt's later, ;he name htnitioniuH was given as u Biibstitute torcd- fontomtiH of Korster. The slight priority unoni/i rostrum over liiidsonw, however, seeinK to entit ■■' it to jireferenee, although the latter iiatiii' y* been most ftcqnently v.atHl. Later, specimens considered by Dr. (iiiiitlm to bei«ienticid with liudsonius received from l{i<'hard.^on the name "/" «^rrmw»A'", and, still hiter, the name /or.s/rr/cr/iHs was, withciil evident reason, transfei red from this species to Icrcn by I'rofessor Agassiz, who gave to this s colors of tho Girard as two lomparison w The examin getber with o convinced me but not more mcdta. Some Gnl. have on a iiisleiid of 100 1 Tlieoii^nnal t\ tbediscriiition Niinilcr Lake S 1054 20H7 Puget't 'J5(i:{ Platte (■.7(19 Vouf^lii 7017 Lake V^ 7(ilO 71)!):i Nulato, 8136 8435 81:!: Essex. C 8H02 Quebec 8905 Great SI 1)01(1 Pole Crc U116 ill75 95-.'2 Saint Mi lh'12 Au Sabh lh'l3 Au Sabh h^lo Au Sable «K)7.-. R:ieiue, \ 2011)1 NiMthern I'fi'M'! Haelne, ^ vfi-?:?:, Lake Sup a)i:,7 (Pr 9010 UllC '.•17-) li2i;t 8007r. 20101 20WI 2(mr, 2Wr.7 JtfNt 2lt(,Sl locality. Liilio Superior - ... Pugct's Sound Platte River, Nobrabka Yoiigliioj^icny Rivc»' ... Liike Winnipeg , Nulato, YoucoD Rivor, Alaska. Essex. County, New York Quebec Gieat Slave Lake , Pc.le Creek, NobrnHka ..., Saint Mk'bnol'H, Alaska Au Sable River, Mieliigan ...- Au Sable River, Micbl|{aii Au Sable River, Mlcbi^an H'lc'iue, Wis. Nditlxm llouudnry Survey, Dakota Raeliie, Win Lake Superior (Probably orij{inal types of gi-i»m»; the old luiuiber and locality obliterated.) Platte River, NebraHka Great Lukes Collector. J. W. Milner. R. Kenniec^t. Capt. Simpson. Prof. Andrews. R. Keunicott. W. H. Dall. 8. r. Raird. R. Kciiiiicott. Lieut. Wood. Dr. HrinniMter. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. Dr. Kllioft Cones. 8. F. Uaird. J. W. Milner. Bowman. lUill. N. M. No. 12- lU '\m Mn - '.H' I't 178 CONTRIIJUTIONS TO NORTH AMEIIIOAN ICnTIIYOLOG'/ — III. HH. OATOHTDIMIJS KKTltUi'lNNm .7«n/tf», ftp. nov, 1878 -I'li/os/oniiiK villiifilinila Jordan, Uull. Hay(lfi/»'« Uhlil, fiiltv. Tistt. (liml.). This line species coriihliies the ttUUtWx of C. latipinnis willi (he lonu ntul general characters of C. longirustris. The type 1h No, lil^IUJ, col lected by Dr. Elliott Coues in Milk River, Montana. It is a niiilc spcri men 10^ inches in length. A specimen previously examined irom I'lutte Valley was ideuti I as probably the female of C. lath*innln, but llic discovery of this large mule specimen forbids such a supposition. Specimena in the tTniieA fHitin ff^allonttl MiiBeum. urif/ '■ ir, Number. T.DciilHy. Collcptor. *2G,.i:< riattoTiilloy , aiiitr Milk lllvur, Montiuiii (tytjn) lh.m\iiliVim» 30. CATOaTOMim I^ATff'i^NIS Jiaird S Ulranh ih'fitljim'ii ff>»'hr< l8o'3—('ato»Umu» UHiiiniilH lluiin &. OniAiilt, hi Vtvo, An. Nat. Hf. VUitn. \i, {iti«. Acomut lnHpinnh Ihit.Uin, I'rou. Ac. Nut. Be. IMiilii. 173, lliNl AcomuH latipinnis GliuliD, U. 8. Mex. Ilditinr Hlirv. Icbtb. 39, pi. xsiv, I. 1-0, CatogUmufi htlipinniii {WsT'.im^ Vtti. Kluliim llrH, Mim. \tl, M,lRn8. CatooUmua latipinHit I ut'K, ilaydiui'ti Uuul. Rttrv- Wyoniitig, lH7(t,4!tl, HfV, ('atoalonnm hiHpinnit .bilui.^N & CorKI.AND, (lieck LiHt, 15|I, )ti?U. 1850— Ca/wttomiM j/M.-mriMleimU UiUAici, Prtic. Ac, Nut. He. Pliilii. 17:1. JcomuH gvetnaniennis (liltAitD, U H. Mu>. lldiuul. Hiu V, Iclitli. lltl, |il »i»lil, {. II III law. Catimtomuii guztnattUnHa Gt^NTHKii, Cut. Fislien Hrll. Mu9. *U, IR, Hlfl. I'aloHlumnH gitzmaniintic CoVK &. YahkoW, Wh«M Ur"!, Kx\>V \\'. llUUlt Mcr, \.Im\. 670, 18TC». CatoBtomtii guzmanirnBin Johuan &. Copkland, Che<;k Li*t, 150, \^^ IIahitat. — ArlzDim Mtd Sonora. Groon Rivor, Wjoniing ((V)- l'"'''i'l.v not to., .daut. This Hpocies is one of th<» numt strongly ^narked of oiMMiiiiMMk Th^ aulo fish may be known at once by the slender form and cxcwaM" 4l< /"l//|)ment of the flns, and prolmbiy in the fcmitleH the fliH nnmor dcvdoi/'d than in the nsales of any of 'he related species. Tlie ^^'i ■->•« Niiriiber. UlllirH (tj|.„ Pt'il erat CATOSTOMUS DISCOBOLUS. 171) tiou also is peculiar, and the form of the mouth is unlike that of any othor species. These features are all well shown in Girard's figure of tbo species in the Ichtiiyology of the Mexican Boundary. The distribution of the species has not been well made out. I have seen but one specimen, an adult male from the Gila region, apparently tiie one fioni which (Jinud's figure was made. Tli(< lyp'' 'if ('utnalomus fjuzmnnicnsis cannot be found. The figure was luadt' Irom a young llsh, nhil (he dislinctions between it and hitipinms flpp sii.'h ns often disfingiiish a young fish from an old one. It is better, llieiefoie, to unite the two than to admit au in;^ufliciently characterized nominal species. Specimens in Uniled HlaUn Nationtil Mii'ntw. Nqmljer. Locality. L'ollector. UlllltM l'l'j\Hiof latipinniB iiiidouMfidly, but the locality, /mm dlgcafioliin .Iorpan & Cofr.l.mii, Chetit hint, 166, Iis^fl. IhlittAT. -Idulio III Arl/oitrt. This interesting species is a Pantostcus '\u all but Ihe technicnl char iictpf of the open fontauelle, an, larger and in better condition than wiost or all of those •^urninod by Pmfessor Cope. Vnituumtr Cope's original ty,)e8 came frooi I'WW River in Wyoming. ml \k.-h •J- J' ■•■ f ii: 180 CONTEIDUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Sjyccimcna in United States Xational Alimeuv'. Number. 12914 ir,78:5 15791 20475 Locality. Collector. Znni,N,Mex Arizoua Snuke River, Idaho Newberry. Yarrow & Hensli:uv. C. G. Newberry. F. V. Haydeii. Genus PANTOSTEUS Co^e. Minonws Cope, U. S. Oeol. Snrv. Wyominf?, 1870, 434 (1872). (Not of Girard.) Panto-tteiiH Copk, Lieut. Wheeler's Es[)l.\V. lOOtb Mor. v,()73, 187G. Catoatomus, AcomuH el Miiiumitx hj). Gilt.vHD, Typo, MinomuB plai>irhynihii8 Cope. Etyiuolopy, jrar, all; oarcov, bono (from the closinjj of the fontanelle by bone). Iloiul moderate or rjither small, 4 ti 5 times in length of bo(l\, Uattisli and rather broad above, anteriorly somewhat pointed; ej'e rather siiial!. usually behind the middle of the head : suborbital bones narrow, as i;i Catoatomus ; bones of head rather thick, the two parietal bones luiiily united, entirely obliterating; the fontanelle. Mouth rather larjje, entirely inferior; each jaw with a more or less developed cartilaginous sheath, separable in alcohol, essentially as in Chondrosfoma, AcrochiluH, and related genera; upi)er lip broad, jjapiilosc, with a rather broad, free margin, and several series of tubercles ; lower li[) largely devel(>i>ed, with an extensive free margin deeply iiiciscil behitjd, but less so than in Catontovim. I'haryngeal bones and tct'tli essentially as in Catostonius. Isthmus (juite broad. Body generally elongate, subterete, and little compressed. Scales quite siimll, from 80 to lO.j iu the course of the lateral liuo, and 30 to 35 in a cross series between dorsal and ventrals, usually moro or less reduced in size and crowded forward., as in Catostomns ; lateral line well developed, straight isli. Fins generally rather small ; hrst ray of dorsal usually about iiiidwiiyj of body, its rays few, 9 to 12 iu number; ventrals inserted rather iiuikr pu.sferior part of dorsal, their rays 10 or 0; nnal short and !iij,'li, "iHi 7 developi'd rays; eaiulal rather shidlow, emarginate ; pectorals will j developed : airbhuhler with two chambers. 'J'Ih? (iharactersof PantoHtt'Hs jire essentially those of (Vi/«)«^>»i(/.v.('X(Tptj that the fontanelle is obliterated. The usual scale formula is iiitoim-| GENUS PANTOSTEUS. 181 {li;ifo between tbat of Catostomus proper and that of the subgenus Becadactylus. The genus was first indicated by Professor Cope in 1874, under the name of Minomus, he supposing at the time that Catostomus insignin, the type of Girard's Minomus, was a si)ecies with closed fontaiielle. On obtaining si)eciniens of G. insignis, it became evident that such was not tlio case, and the new name Pantostcus was proposed for the genus. Pdntostctis runs very close to Catostomits, two species referred to the l.itter genus (C. discobolus and C. arcuopns) being almost intermediate. deneric Charaelrriziitions. Minomus Cope, 1872. — "I Lave propcHtd to !i(loi)t as valid (I'roc. Aincr. I'hilos. Soc. l-;(), ISO) seven genera of this I'amity. I will now a(lft'ii in SiluHdco. In soarcl.ing for the cliaractersof Girard's so-called genera Miiioniun m\ Avomus, I find that the type of the former, M. insignis, H. G., presents the cnaracter [aUne mentioned. I therefore adopt his name for the new genus, and add two new >;ncii'9, M. (UljMnus and .1/. hardiis. Whether his two other species, M. j)lcbiiitH and .1/. f^odii, belong to it is uncertain as yet, but they have the same physiognomy." — (CorK, |lIo.ifdfn'« Giol. Surr. Wi/oming for 1870, p. 4'ii, 1872.) PvNTosTEUS (Cope) Yarrow, 1H7G. — " Professor Cope, in 1H70, puqiosed to adopt as ivilid seven genera of Ibis family; but in 187'i, he stated his belief that an eighth *li(mU] be added, wlich should enibrart) speci«!S combining the characters of Catostomus I proiHT, 11 complete union of the parietal bones, which obliterates the fontanelbf, so uni- I viTsul iuuong the suckein ; the only other exception being seen in Cycleplus, Raf., as he has blnwly observed. In all the members of the family that ho has examined in this rc- Iptil the fo:itanelle has been found nts the character in question. This conclusion was based on n specimen Iwit to llie Academy of Natural Sciences from Washington, bearing that name. Hav- liii;; since examined (lv« specimens of the M. iH»ii(/Hi.t, obtained by the geologists of this linivcy, he flnds them to be true Cntostomi as d(>t,erniined by tho presence of the foi lUmUc. It therefore retjuires a name, iMid ho proposes for it that of I'antogteva. lb rmWiict'H I', platijrhynrhus, I'.jnrrorii and /*. rirfAario Cope of the present essay and /'. ''Vui.Mit and 1'. b«rrf«*, Cope, Hayden's lieport, /. r."— (VAunow, Limf. Wluxkr's Krpl. I". \mh Mvr. vol. f), p. (ua, lH7(i.) I'antostkl's Cope & Jordan, 1877.— "Body tiblong or elongate, with a short;, snb- |!»lr;itn I'.orsal flu ; air bladder in two parts ; lateral line well developed ; fontaiielle I'liitfd iiy tiio union of the parirtal bones."— (Jom>A.s, Proc. Ao. Xat, Sc. riiila. «'<.p.Hl.) ■i.,!. >■ ;^'^ '.■■ ■ti '• •per lip wide; lower li|) full.emarginato; jaws with well deveh)ped cartilaginous sheaths : scales nun li reduced in size forwards : dorsal rays 10 ; ventral 9 : color olive ; lower Hurfaic yellow viUEsct;N-s,31 "• Scales small, 80 to 65 in the course of the lateral line. ♦ Scales very much reduced and crowded anteriorly : upper lip full, pendent; cartila- ginous sheaths on jaws well developed, the commibsuro transverse and ab- ruptly augulatc at the corners of the mouth. a. Body extremely elongate, the depth 5f to 7 in length : head 4f in length, short and wide, vith depressed and exi)anded muzzle, which considerably overhangs the mouth : isthmus very wide : dorsal rays 11 ; ventral rays 1) : scales 15-8C-lii; belly and lower tins yellowish, probably red in life platviuiynciius,;!;' aa. Body moderately elongate, the depth 4i to 5 in the length : head rather short, 4| iu length, not specially broadened; muzzle not greatly overhanging the uiouth : dorsal rays 9 (rarely 10) ; ventral rays 10 (rarely 9) : scales 11 to 14-i'^J to 87-lH to 15 : light browu above, with dusky spots and clouds ; luali's with the chin and iins red, and a crimson lateral band genkiiosls, In. ft Scales subequal over the body, not much reduced forwards: upper lip rather nar- row, cot pendent ; cartilaginous sheath on jaws obsolete (f). h. Body comparatively stout, the caudal peduncle short and thick, the back houw what arched, the depth 4i to 5 in length : head short and wide, (lattlsU iiliov 4| to 5 iu length : scales 14-84-15 : dorsal rays 9 to 11 ; ventral rays 10: lilaikj ish above, with one or two dark lateral shades pu:ui;iL;i,4l 38. PANTOSTEUS VIRESCENS Cope. Green Sucker. Id76 — Pantoskm vircscena (Cope). Cope & Yakkow, Wheeler's ExpJ.W. 100th Mtr, Zool.')75. Pantosteits viresccns Jordan & Copei.anp, Check List, 156, 1870. Habitat. — Arkansas Kivor iu Colorado. Only a siiijilo specimen of this species is known, collecded by Mr. E. Aiken at I'ueblo, (Jolo. The small size of its scales indiciitis i distinctness from the other specie.s of I'antoateuH. The greeiiiiL'fs coloration of the tyi>ical specimen is probably duo to its havin:: be^ kei>t iu a copper tuuU. S.peHnuitt i» Vtilcd States yathnal Mutenm. 1230G Utah La l'''Ca I Otah La: 40. PAl' Nuinb«T. L< ■iility. Cidh'ctor. Arhnnnos Klver, P«i«l>V\ Colo, (type) C. E. Aiken. 11 -^icomus gentronu ^-'atoatomiin y,.,n,,. i'an(08U;ui jarro P'- xxix, 3, '.' rt ''anfostcus yairou "^WTAT.-Rio Gran.J T'l'.s species is d ''<' Suckers of the ^*>, under the na ""''"omi;auie,j i,^ '""''f'> •»'mained ni ♦'^i'mlnioffOfrard !'«'« "'• I'nntoHtemj. '«'», and I jiin (I, XT'— i r PANTOSTEUS GENEROSUS. , 183 39. PAETOSTEUS PLATYRHYNCnUS Cope. Flat-headed Sucker. l^A—AIiuomu8 plaiyyhijtichiia CoPK, Proc. Am. Piiilos Soc. Pliila. 134. PantobhuH 2>latijihijnchu8 Coi'E & Yakiiow, Wheelei'a Expl. W. 100th Mer. v, Zool. 67:5, pi. xxix, £. 3, 3 a, 1876. rantonicua plaUjrhijuchuH Johdan Sl Copkland, Check List, 156, 1870. I'antosteua platyrhynchiis Jokdan, Bull. U. S. Nut. Mus. xi, p. — , 187H. Habitat. — Utiih Lake and tributaries. Tlie specimens wbich I Lave seen of this species are all small and in poor condition. Tiacir renjarkable slenderness is doubtless in part due to llieir llabbiness. The species as noted by Professor Cope much resembles Catostoimis diNcobolus. It is also very similar to Pantosleus (jenerosus, but at |(resent 1 consider it distinct. Specimena in United Slates National Aluceum. Number. Locality. Collector. 12906 Utah Lake Yarrow & Hcnsliaw. l,jl6L5 Utah Lako Yarrcw &, llenshaw. 40. PAiJTOSTEUS GENEPtOSUS {Girard) Jordan. Yarrow's Siicka: '')&—CatoHt07nu8 (Acomus) genei'osua Gikakd, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliila. 174. Acomus ffaiaoHua ({ihaiu), U. S. Pac. II. U. Esj)!. x, 221, 1858. Catoatomiia genevoaiia JoiiDAN &. CoPKLANU, Clici k List, 156, 1876. IbH—Afinomua jarrovii Co'^?, I'roc. Ain. IMiiloi*. Soc. Phihi. 35. Pantoatvui^ jarrorii Coi'k & Yaiuiow, Wheeler's Expl. W. 100th Mer. v, Zool. 674, pi. xxix, t», 'i rt, 1876. I'dntoHtiua ijairoui JoitnAN & Copki-anp, Check List, l.'>6, 1876. IIaiutat. — Rio Oraiido, Colorado Uiisin, and Great Basin of Utah ; verj' abundant. Tills Species is the most <'liarac(eristic and most widely dill'used of jthc Suckers of the Great JJi'.sin. It was lirst described by Giiard iu |l!iij(i, under the name of Catostomua gmcrosus. Girard's description, iiiiccompauied by i Hfjiire, was so very loose and irrelevant that it has iulii'ito ii'mained uiiideiitilieil. I have, however, had the opportunity fXiiminingr Girard's original types, and of eomparing them with the fjiK's of I 'nntosUiun jarrorii. They seem to m«. to beloufj; to the same eitsi, uud I aia tberefoiu cuutptiUtid to substitute the namu gencroaus if .^ » •«'' ■ >tf:>^ti ■ * t i . t^l ^^1 ^ * ^^1 ''1^1 • . " j-^ * ^fl ' 1 * * ' <■ 1 < ^•»v*'' J 1 - ^'<;•rr , * * V ' » ^ 1. ' , . •' "^^! '■• '''ii • ^ \ '. .".i-i ■" , 1 t 11* •i : v-^ik -» • '» 184 CONTEIDUiIO:SS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. ': n I,! ^ 1- i for tbiit of jarrovii. If I hud not been able to compjire generosun with jarrovii, I sbould never have suspected tbeir identity. Specimens in United States National Mtineum. Nuiubcr. Locality. Collector. 250 Cottonwood Creek (types of generosun) ...... .... Lieut. Beckwltli. 5910 OjodeGallo, N.Mex Lieut. Beale. 15802 17080 Zuni River, Now Mexico (types of jarrovii) San Ildefouso, N. Mex ...... . . ... H. W. Heushaw. Yarrow &, Cope. Dr. 0. Loew. 17095 Moliave Desert, California . . .. ....... 18001) New Mexico ............... ... . ... H. C. Yarrow. 20102 Pacific Railroad Survev. 38'-' . . Lieut. Beckwith. 41. PANTOSTEUS PLEBEIUS {Baird & Girard) Jordan. Plain Sucker. 1854 — Catoatomus plebeius Baip.d & Ghiard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 28. Catostomus phhins Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 208, 1855. Minomus pJehcins Gujard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliila. 17.'{, 1856. Minomm phhtins Gihaud, U. S. Mex. Bound. Snrv. Icbth. 38, pi. xxii, f. 1-4, 18.')9. Calontomm plil)rju8 GOkthkr, Cat. Fishes Brit, Mus. vii, 15, 18C8. Catoittomus pliitjus Joiwxix & Copki.and, Check List, 15(), 187G. rantostcua plebeius JounxN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. xi, p. — , 1878. 1872 — Minomus iklphin lis CovK, Hayden's Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 435, 1872. Pdvfoaleiift dclphiniis Cope & Yauuow, Lieut. Wheeler's Rept. Expl. W. lOOtli Mer. vol. 5, {173, 187(5. Pantoalena dolphinua Jordan «& Copeland, Check List, 156, 1876. (Misprint for deljihiniis.) 1872 — Alinomua hardus Copk, Haydeii's Gcol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 436. Pantostciia bardt.s Cope, Lieut. Wheeler's Expl. W. 100th Mer. vol. 5, p. 07;!, IWG. Paiitosttua hardtis Jokdan & Copki.and, Check List, 156, 1876. Hauitat. — Basin of the Colorado. Lake Guzman. The types of Catostoimts lilcheim are not to be found, and no sppci- mens referable to the species are in the National Museum. The types of Funtostcm ddphinus and P. bardiiH 1 havi; been uintble to examiiio. The scale foruiuhi and suuill dorsal iln of C. plebeius indicate that it in u siie(;ies ol' l\int<>isli'ttH. Assuming that 't is so, I llnd myself uniililo to draw'lVoui the printed descriptions of ;jW><'»m«, dtlphiuus^ixinl bdrdnmun sort ol specillc characters. Until such characters are shown, t he bindcii of proof lies with the proposer of those species, and I shall consider tiiom us identical until they are proved to be distinct. In characters of luouib, PANTOSTEUS PLEBEIUS. 185 scales, and form of body, Pantostcus plebeius seems to resemble Catosto- nus insignis and C. clarTcii, and to diverge from the type of discoholtis, generostis, and platyrhynchus.* * Professor Cope {in lit.) dissents from the identification above made, maintaining that P. deljjhinus and i'. hardua are .at least specifically distinct from eaci' other, what- ever may be the relation of either to P.plchfius. As I have seen none of tbo*threo forms in question, I let the above stand as I had written it, and quote the original de- scriptions of the three nominal species: — MiNOMUS ri.EBEius Grd. — " Body sub-fusiform, compressed. Head elongate, subcon- ical, forming the fifth of the entire length. Mouth of medium size. Eyes largo, sub- elliptical, their longitudinal diameter being contained about five times in the length of side of head. Dorsal fin subquadrangular, its anterior margiu being equidistant be- tween the tip of the snout and the first ludimentary r.ays of the upper lobe of (lio caudal. The latter is slightly concave postciiorly, and the lobes rounded oT. '1 ho base of the anal is contained nearly three times in its height, and when brought back- wards its tip extends to the rudimentary rays at the inferior lobe of the caudal fin. The veutrals are inserted under the posterior third of the dorsal ; bent backwards, their tip does not reach as far as the anus. The pectorals are of medium development, sub- ovate, posteriorly acute. "The scales are of medium size, considerably largest on the peduncle of the tail. Twenty-eight to thirty rows from the base of the ventrals to the dorsal fin. About eighty in the lateral line, which is not discernible as far back as the base of the caudal in. "The color as preserved in alcohol, is dark brown on the upper regions, faintly mot- tled with blackish patches. The sides and belly txhibit traces of orange in some of tlie specimens, in others it is pale yellowish. The fins are unicolor ; the dorsal, caudal, and pectorals, blackish brown ; the anals and ventrals yellowish." — (GiiiAiiD, /c/i. U.S. and J/:'jr. Boundary Surv. , p. 38, figs. 1-4, plate xxii.) MixoMUS DELPiiiNUS Copc. — "The snbequal size of the scales of this speci( s would refer it indifferently to the true group Catostouius of Girard, or his group Minomus, which ho did not distinguish clearly. The i)rcceding species would enter his Acomus, which is, however, only an undefined group of species, to which, by tlie way, the type ofCatoHtomus, C. teres, belongs. This species is espceiiilly distinguished from tliose licretoforo described by the shortening of the caudul part of the vertebral coli'nin, und the consequent posterior position of the dorsal flu. Add to this a short, wide head, and lliitk body, and its physiugnomy is expressed. "The dorsal t>utlino is arched, the head flat above, but elevated behind, and much de- j pressed on the muzzle. The nm?,zlo is wide and does not project beyond the upper lip, i i^hich is appresscd to its lower face and bears four rows of warts; its smooth com- j luistiivKi part is narrow. On the lower lip the tubercles advance nearly to the com- iiiissnie; this lip is deeply cmarginate posteriorly; the eye enters the length of the liead live times, two and one-half times measuring the muzzle, and twice the iuter- "thital ivfjion. Head four and two-t iiirds times in length to end of caudal basal scrvles. I Scales in thirty longitudinal series, between dorsal and veutralliua; voutrala remark- ■;w^l«' ■-- i' 'IIK IS -''rfH *i^';.i"v'r4lM ii|M| ■ h^-'.ir. .. .•..] -rUi ..-rXC,', ■ ■.■-••4' V,f*f '.,"■. • f« ■'. r ' ■ -.Cidi «i? ,,■-. ■V.v'if/i,'^ ■»;;'• >■ lit ' ■ ■'J < ir-- I. 1*- II-' Mi"* Ix2c. ■ 111-* 186 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Genus CYCLEPTUS Bafmesque. Cydiptua Kafinesque, Jouruul de Physiqiio, do Chiuiie et d'llistoiro Naturelle, Paris, 1819, p- 421. BhytidoDtomiis Heckel, Fische Syriens, Ilua.seggor's Reisen, 1842, p. 1023. Catostomiis et Sclciognathus sp. AuCT. Type, Cijdvptua nigrescena Hafinesque, = Catostomus cloiigatua Lo Sueur. Etymology, /cwXof, round ; ilfTrrdf, small. "The numo meaus small, rouud mouth" (Raftncsque). Head very small, short and slender, its length contained G to 7 times in that of the body, its upper surface rounded ; eye quite small, nearly median, not very high up, its length G to 8 in that of the side of the head; suborbital bones rather small and quite narrow; fontanello en- tirely obliterated by the union of the parietal bones. Mouth small, entirely Inferior, overlapped by the projecting snout, tho upper lip thick, pendent, covered with 3 to 5 rows of tubercles, tbe outer quite large, the inner small; lower lip moderate, formed some- ably short, extending little more than halfway to vent, origiu.atiug under posterior third of dorsal. Pectorals well separated. Isthmus wide. " Color above blackish, with a strong inferior marginal shade on the lower part of the sides, and the lighter tint above ; a brown spot just above axilla, is cut off from ii by a band of the yellow color which covers the belly and head below. " Tho only species concerning which any doubt can arise in the nomenclaturo of tbin one is C. hernardlni of Girard. That writer states that the latter possesses 15 I), radii; this, with the ascription of a slender form and other peculiarities, will always scp.i- rate them. Three species in Professor Haydeu's collection without locality. Thin should be probably a tributary of Green Kiver." — (Cope, Hayden's Geol. Surv, Ten. 1872, p. 436.) MiNOMUs BARDL'S Cope. — "This species is distinguished by its very short head, and marked coloration, resembling in that respect the C. yuzmaiiienaia of Girard ; with this i species, it has, however, nothing else in common. " Head wide, muzzle not rrojecting beyond upper lip ; latter not pendent, with uar- row, smooth commissure and three or four rows of tubercles. Lower lip deeply iiieisid, tubercular to near inner edge. Eye 5.25 times in length of liead, twice in iuter-l orbital width. Head five times to end of basal caudal scales. Form stout : body cyliu dric anteriorly. Dorsal tin nearer end of muzzle than end of caudal scales. Scales of I body Hubciiual, in thirty longitudinal rows between dorsal and ventral fins, latter orig- 1 inating beneath hinder border of dorsal, not quite reaching vent. Pectorals well stpal rate; isthmus wide, narrower tb.an in M. dtlphinua. Color blackish above, a Lroailj olive band from upper part of opercular border along upper half of caudal i)tiduiick',j and a broad black band below, narrowing to a line along tho middle of the peduncle;: below, yellowish, a band of the same cutting off a blackish area above tho axilla, a«| in the last species."— (CopE; Uayden'a Geol. Surv, Terr. 1872, p. 436.) GENUS CYCLEPTUS. 187 what as in Catostoimis, but less full, incised behind ; jaws without carti- laginous sheath ; niuciferous system not greatly developed ; opercular apparatus not greatly developed, the operculum smooth and narrow. Isthmus moderate ; gill-rakers moderately long, soft; pharyngeal bones strong, the teeth stout, increasing in size cow n wards, rather wide apart. Body elongate, moderately compressed, not much elevated, the caudal peduncle long, the greatest depth contained 4 to (> times in length. Scales moderate, about equal over the body, not closelj* imbricated, with wide exposed surfaces, the number in the lateral line from 55 to CO, and about 17 in a trauHverse series from dort^al to ventrals; edges of s^'ales seT'rate; lateral line well develoi)ed, nearly straight. Fins rather largo ; dorsal fin beginning in Iront of ventrals and ending just before anal, of about 30 rays, strongly falcate in front, the lirst and second developed rays in length more than half the length ot the base of the flu, the rays rapidly shortened to about the eighth, the length of the remaining rays being nearly uniform and all short; caudal flu large, widely forked, the lobes about equal; anal fin quite small, low, of 7 or 8 developed rays, scaly at base ; ventrals moderate, with 10 rays; pec- torals elongate, somewhat falcate. Sexual peculiarities somewhat marked ; the ra.ales in spring with black pigment ; the head then covered with small tubercles. Air-bladder with two chambers, the anterior short, the posterior elongate. , But a single species of this singular genus is as yet known. It is found in the waters of the Mississippi Valley, and, although not a rare tisli, it is by no means as generally abundant as tare many others of its family. Genei-ia Characterizations. Cycleptus Raflnesqiie, 1819.—" Cycleptns, (iibdomiual). Different du genre Catos- tomus. Deux nageoires dorsales, Loucbo petite, ronde, au bout du inuseau ; lovrea circulairc'8. Famille (jyprinidia? C iiigreiicais, uoiiAtre; ventre blancbiltre, bonelie retroussde ; queue fourclide. Parvient il deux pieds do long ; ti^s bon b, manger, rare dans rOhio et lo Missouri."— (Rai'INEsqui:, Jourii. de Phya. etc. 1819, p. 421.) Cyci.ki'TUS Kadueaquc, 1820.—" Difference from the foregoing genus ICatostonms'] — two dorsal fins, mouth round and terniinal."--(RAFiNESQL'K, Ich. Oh. p. 6.) RnYTinosTOMUs Ilockel, 184*2.— " Denies pecti n if ornies CO-GO. Pinna dorsalis basi eloDgata; radio tertio vel qnarto longiHsinio. In reliquis cum genere Catostouio eon- gruit."— (Hkckkl, Fiache Sijriens, p. 33, or liuhscgcr'a Bciseti, i>. 1023. — Species referred to tlienfinus, Cyprinus catostomua Forster and Calostomua elonyatua Lo Sueur.) Cycm:i'ti.;8 Aga'isiz, 1855. — "As in many other instances, Ralincsquo has named, but neither defined ujr characterised the genus to which I now call attention. He bus nob ■'■/'"■■>,-.•' ... ■< |)j -v. •>'■»■•' y. y.ffi Ww'. V pi ■ !%•■'-..■: , ?♦■'• '-Ill ( ', .... • 1 •• ..y»;W.i : .eVr:v,-. ' '■■'';iy,em '"■ ^'^i'-'-t' ■'■ ,-■• ■ ■■>'.i'vy . -. ■:.■*.. .•■',■• -.t v,,if '% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I |Z5 M l?5 U. 1.6 < 6" ► >m; ^^ /^ 'f w FholDgraphic Sciences Corporation #^ -u ss N,-^ ^''" :\ \ \ 33 Wif T MAIN STRKT WS^TQUNY UStO (71«,I72-4S03 188 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. i himself even Been the fish upon which the genns is fonnded, and refers to another genus a species which cannot bo separated from this. Moreover, the characteristics of the genns, as given by Ralinesque, are not true to nature. Yet, notwithstanding tliese objections, I do not feel at liberty to reject hio generic name, since it is possible to identify the fish he meant by the vernacular name under which it is known in t'io West. There is another reason why Rafincsque's description of our western lishcs oujjht to be carefully considered and every possible effort made to identify his genera and species, the ft'ct that he was the first to investigate the iishes of the Oliio and its tributaries upon a large scale, and that notwithstanding the looseness with which lie per- formed the task and the lamentable inaccnracies of his too short deticriptions, his works bear almoet upon every page the imprint of his keen perception of the natural afliniticM of species, and their intiiante relations to ou-^ another ; so much so, that oven where h.e has failed to assign his genera a!iy chiiracters by which they may b'j recognized, yet, when the species upon which they were fonnded can be identified, we usually find tliat there lire good reasons foi considering them as forming ilisitinct genera. "The trouble with Kaflnesqno is, that ho too often introduced iu his works species which Le had not always seen himself, and which he referred almost at random aiiiDiij; his genera, thus defacing his well cliaracterised groups, or that ho went so far as lo found genera upon species which he had never seen, overlooking perhaps that he liiul already described such types under other names. "The genus Cycleptua affords a strikiug example of all these mistakes coniliived together. In his remarkable paper upon the genus Catostomua, Lesueur describes iiiid figures one species from the Ohio River, nndor the name of C. eloHj,a(ns, peculiar fur its elongated cylindrical body, ana for its long dorsal fiu beginning half way between the pectorals and ventrals, and extending as far back as the insertion of tlie anal. The opecies Rafinesquo introduces in his subgenus 7>fcac/(/?M8 among the genuine Tn- tontomi, without perceiving that it belongs to 1i4h own genns Cychptiin. This !nistnl;H arises undoubtedly from his be]i"f that in CyrlcptiiH there ant twodorsals, wliicli indcdl he mertious as characteristics of this g.mus ; but this statement is erroneous: tlio rays of the dorsal are, in fact, enelos<>d in a continuous membrane, the anterior rayit only being much longt-r tban thore of th« middle and posterior portion of the fiu; oe- casionally ^hese long rays split, and accidentally separate from the following ones, when they seem to form two dorsals. "The character of this genus, so far as the dorsal is concerned, consists in reality imt in its division, but in its great extension along the hack, and the elongation of itit auterior rays. The anal is very long in proportion to the bize of the fish, and insi rted far back, so that the lengtii of the alMlomiinil cavity is grei.ter than in th(i genera 'nr- piodm, Ichlhijoliiin, and Unhaliihllijii, with which ('i/chptitH is closely allied by thi' iierii- liar form of its dorsal. A>;ain, Ratlnestiue renit;rks that the month is tertniniil, rdiiiiil and snnill. This n;)|uires alno to bo qualilied. The mouth appears terndnal and rminil only when tfjo Jaws are protruded to their utmost extent; when closed, it is rather crescent-shaped and entirely retrnrt<'d under th<> projecting, pointed snout; tiie lijH are coven'd with nunuTons projecting papilhe and sprend horizontally, — these iirc moreover, continuous around the angles of the mouth, so that the upper and lower 1 pn are hardly separated by n small fidd, ami the lower lip is slightly ennirgiuate in the middle, while In other genero of thlH tribe It is actuilly bilobod. CYCLEPTUS ELONGATUS. 189 " The pbiiryngeal boues are strong, their anterior surface being flattened ami t!io greatest diameter being the transverse one, as in liubalichthya, and not laterally com- pressed a!id thin as in Caritiodea and Ichthyobits. "The symphysis is short and its peduncle Hat and square, separated from the cnrved arch by a deep semicircular emargiuation. The teeth are also stronger and stouter tliiin in Carpiodea and IchthyobiiH, as is also the case in Buhalichihys, and they are grad- ually increasing in size, and relative thickness from the upper part of the arch to the symphysis, but they are much fewer and farther apart than in the latter genus. Their iuner edge is triusverse, rather blunt, thoagh the middle ridgo is somewhat project- ing; the lower teeth are so shai)ed that their inner angle is liardly higher than the outer, while in the middle and upper teetli it is gradually more projecting, aiul from the middle of the arch upwards forms a prominent point aiched outwards. "The scales are considerably longer than high, winh a rather prominent posterior mar- gin; numerous radiating furrows upon the anterior and pcstcrior fields, some across tilt' lateral lields; the concentric ridges of the posterior liclJ are not only broader than those of the other fields, but instead of running parallel to the margin of the scales they are curved in concentric golhic arches between each two radiatin/t furrows. Heckel mentions this genus nnder the name of Ilhytidoslomm, but Rafinesque's name Cjickptua has the priority. Propt Jy it ought to bo called Lrplocijvhis, according to its ttyuiology, (see my Nomenclator Zo,)logicus; Index Universalis, p. lU'J,) but under thin t'urm nobody would recognise it as Kaiinesque's name. I shall therefore not ur^^e the change." — (Agassiz, J«i. Jjurn. Sei. ^r<«, iyr>5, p. 197.> Cycleptus Cope «& Jordan, 1877. — "Body much elongated, subcylindrical forwards : dorsal elongate, falciform, of 30 or more rays; fontaiu-lle obliterated by the union of lbs pari'tal bones; month small, inferior, with paiiillose lips." — (Johdan, Proc. Ac. .Yo«.^'c.i'/uio.l877,p.61.) ANALYSIS or 81'ECIES OF CYCI.KPTUS. •Depth 4 to 5 in length : head G to Oi: eye small, 6 to 7 in length of head: longest ilorsal rays a little longer than head: pectorals rather longer than heail : 6-7 : coloration very dark, the males almost black ; size largo; length of adult IJ lo 21 feet KLONQATUH, 4',». 42. CYCLEPTUS ELONGATUS (Le Sueur) Agassiz. llUuk Horse. Gourd-gird Suckvr. Mmouri Sucker. Suckerel. 1:^17— Ca/offomiis e/<>H<;a<«« Le 8i;iM!U, Journ. Ao.N^i. So. Phila. 103. ♦ Ca/os/omiig «7(iMf/n/H« Rai'Inksque, leh. Oh. 00, 1820. CatoatomuH eloutjalim Knni.ANO, llept. Zool. Ohio, 1(5H, IKH. CatoHlnmHH eloiiiintim DkKav, New York Fauna, jiart i v, Fislien, 203, 1842. ' ' Catoslomua elongalua Ci'ViKH & Valknciknnks, Hist. Nut. des P'tiss. xvii, 4&&, 1«44. - > ■- Catoitiomufi flongnlun KiiiTi.AND, Bo!»ton .Tourn. Nat. nist. v, 267, 1846. CatoKtomiiB tlongatm tSroiiKU, Syn :iwiM, 42'^, lH4n. CyrlrpluM ilongatim Aoassiz, Am. .Tourn. He. Arts, 2d anric'*, xix, 10/, 18.K). Scleiogaalhun vhinjaltui UOntiiek, Cut. Fisheu llrit. Mug, vii, U3, ISOd. , ■♦ - 1 I- m^ -lit iil'-':\ . : m'^ p. ft I ] 90 CONTKIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Cycleptus elongatua Jordan, Fisbcs of lud. 222, 1875. Cifdeptua elongatua Jokdan, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nut. Hist. 95, 1876. (Name ouly.) Cycleptus elongatus Jokdan, Alau. Vert. 298, 1870. Cycleptus elongatus Nklson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hiat.SO, 1876. Cycleptus elongatus JoiiDAN &, Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name ouly.) CycleiHus^elongatua JORVXti & Gilbekt, in Klippart's Kept. 53, 1876. (Name ouly.) Cycleptus elongatus Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 38, 1877. Cychpiua dongatue Jordan, Mau. Vert. ed. 2(1, 1878. 1818 — Cyclcptua nigrescena Kafinesque, Journal do Physique, 421. Cycleptus nigreacina Rafinesque, Ich. Oh. 61, 1820. Habitat.— Mississippi Valley, in all the larger streams. This species is found in some abundance in tlio larjicr streams. At the Falls of the Ohio, it is taken in nets, and meets a ready sale. It is, however, much less abundant than the Buffalo fishes are. From the general use of the name *' Missouri Sucker", its abundance in the State of Missouri may be inferred; but, as to the facts in the case, I am not informed. T'his fish is as sharply distinjjuished from the other Suckers iu its appearance as in its anatomy. The dusky colors and the sniiill size of the head attract attention at once. But one species is yet known. That being the case, the synonymy of the species needs no discussion, its oldest name being the one in rora- mon use. Specimens in United States National Mustm-.n. Number. Locality. Collector. 107 8673 10790 Cincinnati ...... do . . . Ohio . . . J. W. Milucr. 12278 Do. Genus CARPIODES Rafinesque. Carpiodra Raiinesql'E, Ich. Oh. 56, 1820. (Xn.N!:.-fiaiii8li.-d ill f,.,„; WTlu'lit branch i.s I„ ''"'"'"""'• Thoroti, '"'•"'.vathi,,, ,„„,i,, ;"visaui,K., vei^-so l^ino i.s coiict'ale'iininiii,.ato8 wi( Cun-ionEs A^nssiz. ■().) ^.i.iKoaN'ATiiiJs Storcr, 184G. — "Snout wlifjlUly advauectl bcyoiiud tlio mm-.tli; tlio rttri'iiiity of tlio month is supported, as in tlio Catoiitomi, l)y tho iutermaxillary, wUicU !> fuinislit'd in front with^»wi>ll di'volopwl, i>r(>jootinjj, oartila^^iiions fthiiioid. Tlio qiriulit braiu'h in loiij;, and ola styloid form, wiiilo tlio liorizi iital is sborti'iiod, and is smiTo kcol, tho iiiforior odj;o of whioh sorvts merely to support the superior anjjle cf till' mouth. Tho remainder of tho maxillary arch is formed by a fibrous ligament eov- mil l>y a tliin, undiluted lip, reduced to u thin tiud fleshy protubt riuice. Tho upper m is a wide, very solid bony piece, muler which tlo upper lip is partl\' drawn ; tiiis bone is concealed by the first two suborbitals, bciiiy; wider and no less atlvauced than |tiio»e of tho C\ilo»tomi. As to its lips, it is a Leiicisciii^; but the ostcolojjy of its uiuuth Ircsembles tluit of tho Catojtomi. Tho dorsal is long, like that of the Carps. Tho hejul snaked, marked bylines of mucous pores, riiaryngeal teeth eouib-!ike, finer and Bori' eipial than tlioso of the Ctitostomi. Tho air-biaihler is di\!ded into two largo Wh's; the anterior is l.irge and roumlcd, with a slight liepressiou at its superior lace; ibcwcoud conical, twlco as long as tho first and followed by two small lobes; tho se;.- Iicd I'oiumuuicates with thi> (esophagus by au .lir-pipe." — (Stouku, }fvm. .hii. Ac. Ai! |«.i .<('. 1S-K'>, p. 4'J7 ; essentially a translation from Valenciounes's account.) viU'ionKs Agr.ssiz. IS.'ir*. — "Tho body is very Iiigh and strongly ei>tu]U'cssed, tho irrow ridge «)n tho back forming t ho out lino in trout of the dorsal is vi ry 'uucli arched, regularly continuous downwards with the rather steep ptodlo of the head. "The head is shorf, its height and length dillor but little. The snout is short and mt, Tho small mouth is entirely inferior, and surrounded by iiarr.)-. thin lips, thii'li are nioi'o or loss transversely fvdded. Tho lower ji'w is short and 'iri>at!. Tho karytigeal bones i)( Carpiodc.^ are remarkably thin, couniressed later. illy, witli a shal- (» fiiirow along tho anterior margin on the side, and another more central one on tUo itliiwof tho urched surfaces; the teeth iirv very small, compressed, eijually thiu along wlidle inner edge of tho bone, forming a lino comb-like crest of miunte serrutures' lir cutting tnlgo rises above tht< inner mar;;in it. to a proitiiiieiit point. I'lu' aiiterior lobe of tho long dorsal is sleiulcr, its thii^-^' '•'"'' ■• ■. ' ' ''■ •'•■'"';■ 'ijn 11 ' •■'1M '• ■: .•■'■■ , '■ -..'-»'> |1 ■• ■ •■■, ■" ■ '...■•V.^::1: ..■'-^i-ml; . • ^ v;>:-> . ■ „y.. ' ^•i' ■y-M f.V^ ' i" m mH fWEip ff?- m- . y^i^'v >» ■ 1^1 n T .' 7' ■ " |l ^H ■ H m Wfffl Hf Pfr 41* I; ! ■ •; • • ' : i • • j||V--h > ■ 194 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. rathor small, and benco difforent from one anotber. The ventral ridge of tbo body is flat. Tbo scales have many narrow, radiating furrows upon tbo anterior liold, and imi more deeply niarlced, in a straigbt line, across tbe lateral fields, or limiting tlio lateral and posterior fields, bardly any upon tbo anterior field, tbo waving of tbe bronilcr concentric ridges producing only a radiated apiiearauco npou tbat field. Tuixi tiftlie lateral line straigbt and simple, arising in advance of tbo centre of radiation, whicli is seated in tbe centre of form of tbo scales."— (Agassiz, Am. Joum, Sc. Arts, IBori, p. ir^i),) C.viii'iODES Giintber, ItBGB. — " Distinguisbed from Sclerognathus (i. c. Hiibartchthi/s mul Ithtliyohiis) by its very tbiu, compressed pbaryngeal bones, wbicb are armed with a comb-liko series of nearly equally minute compressed teetb." — (GCNXiiEU, Cat. L'tdm BiU.Miis. vii, p.24.) C.vuriODES Cope & Jordan, 1877. — " Body oblong oval, compressed ; dorsal elongate, elevated in front, of 20 or more rays ; fjntanello present ; pbaryngeal bones narrow, witb tbe teetb relatively tbiu and weak ; moutb small, inferior, protractile dowu- wards."— (JoHDAN, Proc. Ac. Xat. Sc. Phila. 1877, p. Hi.) ANALYSIS OK SPECIES OF CARPIODES. 'Dorsal fin with the anterior rays very mncb elevated and attenuated, equalling or more usually exceeding tho length of the base bf tbe fin. t Muzzle very abruptly obtuse, almost vertically truncate in front. a. Muzzle exceedingly blunt, so tbat tbe anterior edge of tbe mandible is in line with tbe anterior rliu uf tbe orbit, and the maxillary reaches to the anterior edge of the pupil : anterior suborbital deeper than long: head A} in Icnj^tli: eye quite largo, 3J to 4 in bead ; body arched, the depth somewhat less than half tbe length: first ray of dorsal nearer muzzle than base of caudal; scales ()-;?r)-4 : D. 24, A. 8, V. 9 niri-oiniis, 4:!. aa. Muzzle notably blunt, but less so than in tbe preceding: anterior etlgo of tlw mandible in advance of the orbit, and tbe maxillary just reaching tlio lite of the lower rim of tbo orbit : anterior suborbital boce deeper than ]mv^ (longer than deep, '^sclcne"): head 4 times in length: eye smalli.sli, 41 in head: body arched, the depth about 2i in length: nnterior rays of (lors.ii about midway between snout and base of caudal : scales 7-:J7 -5 : 1). •.'(!, A. 8, V. 10 CUTISAN'SEIUNI S, 44. ii Muzzle conio, projecting, obtusely pointed : end of the mandible reaching to oppo- sito nostrils: anterior suborbital as deep as long: head 3J in length: eyo nmderate, 4 to 4^ in length of head : body arched above, tlie depth "JJ to 3} in length : first ray of dorsal nearer nmzzle than base of caudal: scales T- 37-5: D. 26 or 27 (-'22", Cope) viaii i:ii, 4.\ •* Dorsal fin with tbo anterior rays more or less shortened, their length one-half to two-thirds tbat of tbo base of tbe fin : muzzle more or less conic and pro- jecting. b. Mead long, contained about '^i times in length to base of caudal : inuzzluelon- gate-conio, so tbat tho eye is nearly median, the middle of the length of tlio bead falling in front of its posterior margin : body not much arched; depth 3 in length : anterior rays of dorsal pietty high, n(>t much sborti i than tlio base of the fin, not thickened at base: lips well developed: eye large, 4i in bead: BOttles 7-40-6: D. 27, A.I, V. 10 iii80N,4(J. C/RPIODES CUTI3ANSERINUS, 195 bb. Iload intermediate, its length contained abont 4 times (3f to 4^) in that of body : anterior rays of dorsal not thickened at base. c. Body stout, short, the back much arched, the depth 9| in length : head 4 to 4i in length, the muzzle moderately pointed : dorsal rays considerably ele- vated, two-thirds as lonj^ as base of fin : eye small, 5J in head : tip of lower jaw much in advance of nostrils ; maxillary reaching line of orbit : anterior suborbital large, deep, roundish: origin of dorsal about midway of body: ;.. scales rather closely imbricated, 8-39 to 41-6: D. 27, A, 7, V. 10. TIIOMPSOXI, 47. cc. Body elongate, not much elevated, the depth 2i in length: head 3J to 4, the muzzle prominent but r.-ither bluntish: front scarcely concave above ;, eyes, the profile forming a somewhat uniform cnrvc: eye small, nearly 0 iu head: anterior rays of dorsal moderately elevated, nearly three-fourths the length of the fin, the first ray nearly midway between snout and base of caudal : scales f)-;l7-5: D. 24 to 27, A. 8, V. 10 cyprixus, 48. hhb. Head comparatively short, its length contained 4i to 5 times in the length of the body: body more fusiform than in the others, compressed, but not much arched, the depth 2f to 3 times iu the len{.'th: anterior rays of dorsal short, notably thickened and osseous at base, the first ray nearer the end of the muzzle than the base of the caudal fin : eye small, anterior, 4^ iu head: muzzle short, but projecting much beyond mouth : size largest of the genus. CAiiPio, 49. 43. CAEPIODES DIFFORMIS Cope. Deformed Carp Sucker. Vf'O—Carpioden difformis Cope, Troc. Am. Thilos. Soc. Phila. 4S0. Curj)iod(H difformiH .ToitnAN, Man. Vert. 297, 1H7(). Carpiodca difformis .Tokdan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. Carpiodia difformis Joudan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 72, 1877. Carpiodca difformis .Ioudan & Gii.isejit, ia Klippart's First Report Ohio Fish Commission, HO, pi. xiii, f. 21, 18(7. Carpiodes difformis Joudan, Hull. U. S. Nat. Mns. 9,50, 1877. Carpiodes difformis Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 321, 1878. Haditat. — Ohio Valley; less common than the other species. - Tho only specimen which I have seen of this species was from the ^Vabash Kiver, in which stream Professor Cope's original types were rollectetl. No specimens are in tho United States National Aluspnm, "hicli, indeed, at present contains very few of the Carp SucUers or Buffalo-llsh. -.'''■.■■ -f 'I ^4 ''''It! I.I . - ■ . . it' ■■ t ;■•« 44. CARPIODES CUTISANSERINUS Cope. Long-fiiiiial Carp Sucker, QuHlhack. IflO— Car^ior/c« cutisanscrintia Copk, Proc. Am. Philoa. Soc. Philn. 481. •• Carpiodct cuiisanserinus Jordan & Copeland, Check List, ir»8, 1876. i-- 196 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Carpiodes cuiisanserinus Jokdan, Bull. U. S. Nut. Mus. 9, 50, 1877. Carplodcs ciitimnsmnua Jokdan & Gii-ui:r.T, in Klii)i>iirt's Ropt. 53, 1876. Caipiodes cittisansiriiius Jordan, Man. Vort. od. 2(1, 321, 1878. 1870 — Curpiodea selenc Coi'K, Proc. Am. Pbilos. Soc. Phila. 181. Carpiodes sdcne Jokdan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. Carpiodes aelene Joudan & Gilukkt, in Klippiirt's Rcpt. 53, 1876. Carpiodes aelene Jokdan, Man. Vert. etl. Sd, 321, 1878. 1876 — Ichthyobua difformis Nelson, Bull. No. 1, U. S. Nat. Mus. 49. Haditat. — Mississippi Va^'oy ; generally abundant. This species is closely related to C. velifcr, but differs iii the abruptly truncate snout, that of vclifer being conic. I am unable to recoj,niizi' C. selene as a distinct species at present, the form of the anterior snli orbital beiug the only distinguishing iei'ture of much importance, and that probably not a constant one. C. cittisanscrimis is as abundant in the Ohio as C. velifcr, and I have seen many specimens from the Illinois Eiver. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Colk-ctor. 20032 Cumboi'lund River . A. Wincbell. 20033 do Do. Xuiiiber. 4 20277 Cay _J 45. CARPIODES VELIFER {Rafincsque) Agassiz. Carp Sucker. Skimhavk. Quillback. Sailor. Sailing Sucker. Spear-fiah. 1620 — ff Catoatomua anisopterm Rafinksquk, Icb. Ob. 45. (Description at second hand and unrecognizable.) 1820— C'a^o8 '■•I- ' » • ,>r' "'} ' ? - '^ . *. 1 Number. 20-277 Locality. Cayuga Lake, New York . Collector. There are also several other specimens in the collection, but without locality. 46. CARPIODES BISON Agassiz. Long-headed Carp Suclctr, lihi—Carpiodes bison Agapsiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, ^'tG. Carpiodes bison Agassiz, Am. Jouru. Sci. Arts, 190, 185,5. Carpiodes bison Copk, Proc. Am.Philos Soc. Phila. 483, 1670. Carpiodes bison Jokdax, Man. Vert. 297, 1876. Carpiodes bison Johdan «fc CorEi.AND, Check List, 158, 187C. Mthi/obus bison Nklson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 1876, Cnrpiodes bison .J()i;i>ax & Gimjkut, in Klippart's Rept. 5:^, 187G. Carpiodes bison Joijdan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Miis. ix, 50, 1877. Carpiodes bison Jokdan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 322, 1878. Habitat.— Mississippi Valley (Osago River, Agassiz; Mississippi River, Wabash Kiver, Tennessee River, Cope). What the fish is to wMch Professor Agassiz gave the name *'6/sow'' wiinot be ascertained from the published descriptions. Professor Cope liiis described the present species under that name, and we accept the ■■::^ tM. in- ■ r 1 , I ' ■'* J -i ■Ui fk m i4 ■' , 198 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTTIYOLOGY — III. name binon on his authority. This species is not geuerally common in so tar lis my experience goes. I have, however, seen one or two from the Oiiio lliver. I found no specimens in the National Museum. 47. CAKPIODES TOOMPSONI Afjassiz. Lake Carj). 1^4*i — CtttottomHH rtiitrinus Thompson, Hist. Vf. 133. IsSTw — ('arj)iodi» Ihompnoni Air.vssiz, Am. Juuni. Sc. Arts, 2(1 series, xix, 191. fiirpimks Ihompitoni Coi'K, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliila. 285, 18G4. Carpioden thompHoiiii Corn, Proc. Am. Pbilos. Soc. Pliila. 483, 1870. Carpiodis Ihompsoni JofiVAH, Man. Vert. 297, 1876. JihthyobuH thompnoni Nelson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus, Nat. Hist. 49, 1870. L'arpiodiH tliompsoni Joudan & Coi'KL.vnd, Chock List, 158, 187G. Ciiipiodeii UiomjjaoiiU Jokdan & Gii.beht, in Klippart's Kept. 53, 1876. Carpiodcs tkompsoni Joudan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 322, 1878. Hauitat. — Great Lake region ; abundant. This species occurs in more or less abundance throughout the Great Lake region. It is the shortest and most arched of all the species. Its dorsal tin is about intermediate between that of velifer and that of carpio. 1 have examined very manj' specimens of this species, and 1 find little variation among them. This lish reaches a ieiigth of soiiio- thing over a foot, and is sold by the Lake fishermen as " Carp ". Specimens in United States National Mitseum, Number. Local ty. Collector. 11040 Sandusky, Ohio.. do J. W. Milner. 11127 Do. 11128 do Do. 11130 do Do. 11131 do Do. 11132 do .. Do. 48. CARPIODES CYPRINUS {Lc Suetir) Agassiz. Eaatern Carp Suchcr. Xtbraaka Carp Sucker. Hio Grande Carp. 1817 — Catoatomm cuprinuH Le SuKun, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. i, 91. Labeo cyprinus DeKav, Now York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 194, 1842. Sclerognathus cyprinus Cuviku &, Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. des Poissous, xviiij 474. 1844. Sclerognathtia ci/priniia Storkij, Synopsis, 427, 1846. Carpiodea cijprriua Agassiz, Am. Journ. So. Arts, 2d series, xix, 191, IS.'S. IlAIUTAT.—Nei JIi8.souri. I liave else\i (his, for the fo] a Carpiodcs, as iiig represente liave uumerou at Brownsville ■specimens do n 'ioin the same "lens of the latt 'uy Brownsviilt (liil'ereiit, the d I'le that my IJr of tumidus, niii.^ '"^^eii lost, I do 1 i iim furrheri *''oni damalis Gi '"'d (^Uprimis hj ''I'lieve that cypr '"^^rs of a Singh ^vuonymy. Tbis species h CAEPIODES CYPKINUS. 199 Carpiodcs oyprintis GrNTiiicn, Cat. Fishes Brit. Miia. vii, 24, ImS. CarplodtH cypriuus C'ori:, Proe. Am. IMiiloH. Soc. Pliila. 484, 1870. Carpiodcs cyprhnis Joi.da.n, I'islies of Iiid. 'J02, iHTf). Carpiodvs rupviniis Jokdan, Mini. ViTt. '^1)7, 187G. Ca)piod('ii c!i2»-iiitiii Uiileu & Luogicij, Fishes of Maryland, 140, 187C. Carpiodcn ciiprinus .Jordan & Copkland, Checic List, 158, 187G. CarpiodcK riiprinim Jokdan, Man. Vert. ed. •2d, '.12'.\, 1878. 1S54 — Carpiodcs vacca Agasmz, Am. Joiun Sei. Arts, :!5G. lt:54 — Carpiodcs tumidus Baikd tSi: GiUAiti), Proc. Phihi. Ac.Nat. Sc. 28. Icliohiin liimiduH GiliAliU, U. S. Mex. IJouiid. Snrv. leh. 'M, j)!. xxx, f. 1-4, 1859. Ichthi/obits tiimidiis JoI'.dan & Coi'i'.l.ANf^, Check List, 158, 1876. !8.'>()— Cacjx'orif.v damalin GiUAiti), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phihi. 170. VurpiodiH damalh G'litAia), U. S. Pae. 11. K. Expl. x, 218, pi. xlviii, f. 1-4, 1858. Carpiodcs danuiUis Coi'K, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 85, lfcu5. Varpiodis damuUn Jokdax & Copkland, Check List, 155, 1876. \670—Carpiodc>i graiji Con;, Pn;c, Aiu. Philoa. Soc. Phila. 482, 1870. « Carp'odiS (jrayi .Joudan & Copici.and, Chock List, 158, 187G. Carj/wdis gmyi Coi'E «fc Vaijuow, Wheeler's Expl. \V. 100th Mer. v, Zool. C81, 1876. IIaihtaT. — New Euf;lard to Alabama; theucc to Mexico aud north to the Upper MiHsouri. I have elsewhere already united tlie noiiiiiial speeies yrot/i and tumi- (i«s, for the following reasons: — Ginini'.s '■•Ictiobua tiiinuluti''^ is certainly n CarpiodcSy as is jdainly shown by ihe published li-^mv, l!;e njouth be- ing represented as small and inferior, beneath the ]ti(ij( ctiiig snout. I have numerous young specimens i;f a Carpiodcs (roia the Ivio Oraiide, at Brownsville, Texas, the original locality of Iciicbim tumidun. l>nt my specimens do not disagree in any important respect Irom Curpioih'fi (iraiji, from the same river, nor am I able, on examination of authentic spcoi- mcnsof the latter species, to point out any differences between tlicm and luy Brownsville specimens. Therefore, if tuvu'hts and groyi are really tlill'erent, the differences have escaped my notice. It is of course pos.si- ble that my Brownsville specimens, although from the original locality of tumidtis, may not be that species; but, as the types of tumidus have been lost, I do not see how the question can ever bo settled. 1 am furthermore unable to separate /H«jjrf»s as thus characterized from damalis Grd., and the close relationshii) existing between damaliii and qipnmis lias already been noticed by Professor Cope. As 1 now believe that cyprinus, tumidus^ damalis, and grayi were all based on mem- btrs of a single widely diffused species, 1 unite them in the above syuonymy. This species is the common Carp Sucker of Pennsylvania and the T^.-i::. ■mm • '■'i; i - <• " '•''^ Hn '*■. . ■m •- ■■'. '^i ■ % - ■m "■-^.v4 "■ "ir--,^ , V ■''■""'^.i • ■ ; , - 'hi m I 2(>0 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Middle States. I have no specimens referable to this species troin tlio Great Lakes, nor from the Mississii>pi or tbe Ohio. If cypriuus, tuini- (lus, and damalis are identical, however, one of two things must be true. Either C. cijprhius really inhabits the whole Mississippi Valley, but lias been overlooked or confounded with others, or else we have a very curi- ous anomuly in the distribution of the species, it being an inhabitant of waters of two widely separated ar-nis, having little in common. TIjp former supposition seems the most probable, and I accordingly look for specimens of C. cypritius in tbe Mississippi Valley. Specimetia in Vi'itsd States Xational Museum. Number. Locality. Round Lake, MonT{;oniery, Al!il).ainii ... Fort Piurre, Nebr. (types of C. damalis) . Rcintbliciin River 179 :'5.')0 13012 ! Rio Grande, New Wexico (grayi) 15891 20109 Collector. Kuiiilri, 1870. ('ar;)i(«f«'» cai^jio .JoUDAN A (Ju.HKiiT.tu Klippart's Rept. .'iU, 1876. CarpiotlcH iiirpio Johdan, Proc. \c. Nut. Se. Pbila. 72, 1877. Carpiodcs carpio Johdan, Bull, U. S. Nat. M;ih. iX; 34, 1877. Cc-ujodf* carpio Johdan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 322, 1878. XfOO—Carpiodra r.ummifer Coi'R, Proc. Am. Pbilos. Soc. Pblla. 484. Haiiitat.— MiHHissippi Valley. Abundant in tbe Obio Rivor. This is the most abundant species of its geiuis in the Ohio iJiwr m its tributari»'.s. It is the largest species, ilie nu)8t elongate, and liastlij lowcHt flnrays and the smallest head. The p, culiar enlargement ot tlij anterior rays of the dorsal I have found to be an excellent diagiitisti chariu;ter. This species has been well described by Prolcssor ("oij uiulor the name of C. nu,iiiin{fcr. There can, however, bo but littl Uead moderat jrapidly rising, its j median or ralher [iiarrow; fontanel! >Iouth moderate Itole oblique, or tyj Jtlie length of the [''e level of the Io> \l'Myobu8, ihe up '"»1^P" "P into gv. ^.iaintly pjicut, f '•'»«: the general '''"?'"ou8 Sheath ; h« well devoloi), h'Kly rugose ; ist V' teeth, which in ff^sed, tht'ir griudi, ^^i'lc-J with a lift Nied from the cro f'""«'rior arch slen [H«»vateorol>Ior Ttlio l„„|y comprcss^ S'^.- scales very J GENUS BUBALICHTHYS. 201 doubt tbat Raflnes^ique had tho same fish in miud as his C carjuo, and I have accordingly adopted the latter name. Specimens in United States Xational Museum. Number. 12-291 1-2292 Locality. Ohio River, Cincinnati do Collector. J.W.Milner. Do. Genui* BUBALICHTHYS Agassis. BubaUrhthys Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1855, Wi. kkrognathits GCntheu, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, p. 22, 1868. (atostomus et Carpiodes sp. of authors. Typ; , Carpiodes urus Agassiz. Etymology, /io^/3uAof, butfalo ; IxO'x, fish. Head moderate or rather large, deep and thick, its superior ontlino IrapicUy rising, its length about 4 in that of the body: eye moderate, median or rather anterior in position ; suborbital Loues comparatively [narrow ; foutanelle always present and widely open. Mouth moderate or small, more or less inferior, the mandible short, llittleoblique, or typii!allyquitchorizontal,tiie mandible les.s than one-third Itlie length of the head, tl'o premaxillaries in the closed moiitii below Itlie level of tho lower part of the orbit ; lips rather thin, thicker than in \hhthyobu8f lihe upper protractile, narrow, plicate, tho plicje .^ometimos I'okeii up into granules; lower lip comparatively full (for a Buffalo- fsb), faintly plicate, the plicae bioUeii up into granules, tlie lower lip |bviiig the general fj >^hai)ed form seen in Curpindin; jaws without car- laginous sheath ; muciteroas system well developed ; opercular appa- atiis well developed, but less so than in Jchtln/obus, the operciilnm pngly rugose; isthmus nu)derate; pharyngeal bones triangular, with irgc teeth, which increase in size from above downwards; teeth com- mcd their grinding edge blunt, slightly arched in tlie middle, and ovided with iv little cusn along tho inner margin, wldel is liardly fftjudied from the crown, and does not rise abovo the sinnuu' : gil' rakera Innlorior arch slender and stifT above, growing shorter d(»wnwards. [Body ovate or oblong, the dorsal outline more or less arched, the sidea [the body compressed, the ventral outline curved a I. so, but to a les.s kree: scales very largo, about ecpnil over tho body, their posterior * i •V , ^ i-.lr: 'it:*!^'^ 202 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. outlines somewhat serrate; lateral Hue well developed, uearly straiybt, with 35 to lli scales, 12 to 14 iu a cross-series from veutraks to dor.siil; dorsal (iu begiuuiug uear the middle of the body, somewhat in adviitici! of the ventruls, its anteiior rays elevated, their height al)out ecinal to half the base of the tiu, the uumber of rays in the dorsal tin ranjjing from 25 to 32; caudal tiu well lorked, the lobes about equal, not lai- cate ; anal fin comparatively long and rather low, of 8 or 9 devcloiied rays; ventrals moderate, 10 rayed ; pectorals rather short: sexual iiccu- liarities, if any, unknown : coloration dull dark brown, uearly plain, not silvery ; fins olivaceous or more or less dusky. • Air bladder with two chambers. Size quite largo. In general appearance, the species of iJufcatic/j^A^s bear a cousidoiahle reseniblance to those of Carp'wilcs. The form is, however, coarser tliaii that of any Carpiodes, the dorsal fin is lower, and the coloration is darker and duller. The si»ecie8 reach a larger size than do those ot Carpiodes, but whether larger or not than the species of TchthyobuH I am unable to sny. lu external appearanc^^*, BuhalichihyH is intennediatc between GarpiodcH and Ichthyohtis, the one species, bubalus, resenibliiij,' Curpiodts most, the other, rtrus, being most like Ichthyobun. Our knowledge of the species of this genus is very incomplete. Many species were named and indicated by Professor Agassiz, but witli such fragmentary descriptions that not a single, one of tliem is certainly known by any one. I have, however, been able to identify in spcciinc lis from Qiiincy, III., the fishes termed by him B. lubaltis and J>. niijfr, the small mouthed ami the large-mouthed IJuUalo. Assuming tiiese two well-separated species as a basis, I have compared with them nunicroiis Bufialo fishes from various localities, ami in all cases I have ft)un(l tliim identical with either the one or the other. I have therefore adopted the hypothesis, possible, and jjerinips probabl.', that all of the iioinin:il species of I'rofessor Ag.issiz were basetl on the one or the other ot'tluw two forms. As to this, I may say that the sole basis of some of tlim> nomimil species was the ditterenco in locality. From what we knowni' the range of other species of Caiostomda', there is nothing antecedently improbable in the same fish being found in the Wabash and Molii'o Jiivers, or in the Tenn«'ssee and Osage. Mijjvtttoma macrolrpidotui'i, Erbnijzon oblonyus, Minytrcma mt'hnopa, Catostomun tcrcH, and otlitrs uie known to occur in all four of those streams. The quest Idiih <>f locality nuiy, I think, be safely climinuted from the discussion. The GENUS BUBALICHTHYS. 203 descriptioua published by Professor Agassiz are ulmost worthless for the distinctiou of species. It has accordingly seemed best to mo, as a tem- porary arrangement, at kast until more than two species are shown to occur in our waters, or until some one is able to show from examination of Professor Agassiz's types what he really had in mind, to distribute bis nomiujvl species in the synonymy of the two which we know. I have accordingly considered each of Agassiz's species and made it identical with either the sinall-mouthed or the large-mouthed siR-cies, as the description seemed Ui indicate. A third species, from Central America, which I suppose belongs to this genus, is added Irom Dr. Giinther's description. Generic Characterizations. BcBALiCHTiiYa Agnssiz, 1855. — "At tlio tiiiio I viiuliciited tbo propriety of restoring 80II10 of the genera establisbed by UaUneHqiio among Cyprinoids, I did not mispci't t luit tbe genus Carpiodta, iUi I tbeu represented it, still contained two distinct typos, thoiigb I Imd noticed tbat some of tbo species bad the anterior margin of tbeir dorsal greatly prolonged, wbilst in others it hardly rises above tbo middle and posterior of tbat liii. Having since examined tbe pharyngeals ol all tbo species of this tribe wliicb I bavi* be» n able to secure from different jtarts of the country, I find tbat those with a high dorsal which constitute the genus Carjuodfn, have, in addition, very thin Hat pbaryii- geals with extremely minute teeth, whilst those with a low dorsal have triangular pluiryngeals with lurgitr teeth, increasing gradually in size aud thickness, from tbe upper margin of the bo!u>8 towards tbe symi)hysis. Tbe dilVerenee in furni jcUp(u», "In this genus the bulk of the body is nut placed so far forwards as in VurpiiMliH, liiu greatest height being between head and tail. Tbe u])|ier outline of the body is less Btroiiffly arched in advance of tbe dorsal ; tbe bead is longer thau high, and tbe snout not more prominent than tin* nu)utb. The mouth opens oblitpudy downwauls aud forwards, tbo lower jaw being nearly as long as tbe upper. Tlie lips are snuvll aud graiudated. Tli;^ nntciior ruys of tbe dorsal are not separately ])roloiiged beyoud tbo rvet uf the flu, though its anterior margin is higher than its middle and posterior por- tion. The lower fliis are as in ('iirpiodct. "Tlie seales have many narrow radiating furrows upon the anterior fl'>ld, none across tbo Inturul litlds, uud few upou the pusturiur tiolds, convorging tu tbo coutro of radit»< ' '■' ■■! r'v!:- ■^■■■■': '"^^'^r ftii -■-' • : '< * *.v' J' •, r'i'N't' ■■■'■'■ •;.•■ .-;■•;;« /r;H , , • . - ; '.J . :<.,» 'J' »• .• -■■ i . f •■•X'- ' ■■ '' .:J iV A .; J:.'! ft ' m hi: 1 204 CONTRIBUnONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOaY — III. tion, to which tho tubed of the lateral line extend also. For this new genus I propose the name of BuhalLhthijH, intou(li;ij; to recall tho name of Buftalo fish, coniinonly applied to this species. To this genus belong the species I have described as Carpiodes U)'U8 from the Tennessea River, C. taurua fjoni Mobile River, and C vitulua from the Wabash, and also tho Catostomua niger of Raflnesque and Catostomua hubalm of Dr. Kirt- laud from tho Oliio, but uot C. bubalus Rafiuesque, which is the type of tho genus Ich- tliyobm described in tho following paragraph. I have another uow species from tho O.sage River, sent me by Mr. George StoUey. This shows this typo to be widely dis- tributed in our western waters, but thus far it has not been foiind in the Atlantic states. I have some doubts respecting the nomenclature of these specins which are rather diflBcult to solve. It will bo seen upon reference to Rafmesque's Ichthyolot^ja Ohiensis, p. 55 and 5(5, that he mentions two species of his sn'jgonus Ichthyobus, one of which ho calls C. bubaUia, and tho other C niger ; the second he has not seen himself, hut describes it on the authority of Mr. Audubon as 'entirely similar to the'coinraon Buffalo fish,' his C. bubalus, but 'larger, weighing upwards of fifty pounds.' Dr. Kirt- hmd, on the other hand, describes the C. bubalus as the largest species found in tho western waters, and adds that the young is nearly elliptical in its outline and is often sold in the market as a distinct species under the name of Buffalo Perch. If the e wus only one species of Buffalo in thoso waters the case would be very simple, and t\w Ca- toslomus bubalus and niger of Raflnesqne, and C. bubalus of Dr. Kirtland, should simply be considered ;\b syno lymous, but Dr. Ranch of Burlington has sent me fine spi-cimciii o*" this Buffalo Perch, to which tho remark of Dr. Kirtland, ' ellijitical in its outlirn,' perfectly applies, and I find that it not only differs specifically but even gencriciilly from the broader, high backed, coumiou Buffalo, and being the smaller species, I take it to be Ratiuesque's C. bubalus, the type of his genus Ichthyobus, which is more fully char'ict.Tised below, whilst tho larger species, Rafinesqne's C. niger, can bo no other than Dr. Kirtland's C. bubalus, 'the largest species of tho western waters.' It seeiiiM therefore hardly avoidable to retain tho name of C. niger or rather BubaHchthys niijn for the common BalTalo, though Rafinesquo, who first named the fish, never saw it, or if he saw it mistook it for his own bubalus, and though Dr. Kirtland, who correc.ly describes and figures it, names it C. bubalus, for such is the natural result to whiili the history of tho successive 8te[is in our investigation of these fishes lead. But our ililli- eulties hero are not yet ut an end. Among the splendid collections I received froui Dr. Ranch, I found two perfectly distinct species of Bubalichlhys, one with u large mouth, and the other with a small mouth, and one of hhihyobus, living together in the Missis- sippi River, in the neighborhood of Burlington, Iowa; and the next question, prolja- bly never to be solved, will be, if they all three occur also in tho Ohio, wlietli; i' Kali- nesque's C. niger was the big mouthed or tho snmll mouthed Bnbaliehthys, Jmljiiiij; from the figure givef! by Dr. Kirtland in the Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. v, pi. fig. 2, 1 believe his C. bubalus to Ix* the small mouthed species. I myself have, how- ever, seen only one specimen of the big mouthed species from the Ohio, and that \u rather an indifferent state of preserv^it ion; for which I am indebted to Prof Bair(l,iiiiil none of tho snniU mouthed species. Should, however, all three, as Is possible, occur in the Ohio na well as the Mississijipi, to avoid iiitri>duclng new names, I will rail the big mouthed species /?. niger, preserving for it Raflnesque's speeifio name, — Ihi' Hiimll mouthed, 77. bu, though th<3 spec nlly .4pi)Iiod by tical with Dr. K species, this poii institute a suffjci call B. bonasua. "Compared wi mouthed Buffalo month, openiug n rising immediate] and the anal fin u ill having the mo hnhalus by its less uot emarginated, o o"Jy he satisfactory If^o, p. lyo ) SCLEUOGNATHUS line running along more rays, none of W%*)or8nbterm ^one. Gill-rakers ], fied into low memb Pharyngeal hones si. 'I'eth. increasing in BfllAMCHTIIYS Co Kiite, elevated in fr, '^W'lg, the teeth com inferior."-(jo„i>.i.v^ 'B-Hly considerably a l>e]ly thicker; , t'le lateral lino nioderal.', trjun, equal to snout, . small, notably n to eye : dorsal fi '"K much beyon. the third or lon^ shorter than (h. 10 : coloration pn |"DodymnchI««8eleva urinated; axis „f tJ" farther f, j,„ < ] liead very .tout, GENUS BUBALICHTHYS. 205 mouthed, I>. bubahis, retaining for it the name which Dr. Kirtland has given it, oven thoii^jh the species of Ichthyobus must bear the same specific name, being that orii^iu- ally .ippliod by Rafinesquo. It may bo that either my L. vituhts or my B. urits is iden- tical with Dr. Kirtland's C. bubaliis, but until I can obtain original fipecimeiis of this species, this point must remain undecided, as it is impossible for mere descriptions to institute a sufficiently minute comparison. The specimens from Osage Kiver I shall call B. bonama. "Compared with one another, these species differ as follows: B. ji»//.(6a- lichihys) or subterminal (Schroi/nathus), with the lips .nore or less thickened. Barbels none. Gill-rakers long, stiff in the upper two-thirds of the first branchial arch, modi- lied into low membranaceous transverse folds in the lower third. Pseudobrancliite. Pharyngeal bones sickle-shaped, armed with a comb-liko series of numerous, compresxed tieth, increasing in size downwards."— (Gt)NTiiKH, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mua. vii, 'Jti, Is^GH.) BriiAMCHTiiYS Cope & Jordan, 1877. — " Body oblong oval, compressed ; dorsal elon- i;!ite, elevated in front, of 20 or more rays; fontanelle present; pharyngeal bones strong, the teeth comparatively coarse and large, increasing in size downwards; moutli inferior."— (JoHDAN, Vvoc. Ac. Xat. Sc. Phila. 1877, p. 82.) ANALYSIS OF SFKCIE.S OI" nUHAMCFITUVS. *Boily considerably elevated and compretsed above; the dorsal region subcarinate; belly thicker; depth 2i to 2} in length ; axis of body above the vei.trals below the lateral line and nearly twice as far from the back as from the belly: head moderate, triangular in outline when viewed from the side, 4 in length: eye equal to snout, 4 to 5 in length of head, much larger than in B. urua : mouth quite small, notably smalh'r and more inferior than in /<. unis : mandible about e(|unl to eye: dorsal fin elevated in front and rapidly declined, the liigliest ray reneli- ing much beyond the middle of the iiu, the seventh ray about half the length of the third or longest; nnal rays raiMdly shortened behind, the mitUUe rays much shorter than the first long ones: soalis 8-;iU-(>; dorsal, 21); anal, 10; ventrals, 10: coloration paler, the lower fins slightly dusky HfliAl.fs, ."(). 'Body much lees elevated and less compressed than in Mie preceding, the back not at all cariniited ; axis of body above ventrals about at the lateral line, and but very lit- tle farther fi jui the dorsal outline than from the ventral ; depth 'A to 3^ in length : head very atout, strongly trausvorsely convex, thicker, larger, and lees pointed m'> i|:ij!,;:i riii ;j:' i ill ^' .- ■'■■■ -1 .i ■-■ . ■ ' '- -■* '■■*'^"A/:fi I I - i ^ ' J, r ■ 206 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTUYOLOGY — III. ' ^ than in tho next, abont 4 in length : eye abont equal to snout, 5^ in head, niiiph Bmallur than in £. bubafus : mouth large, considerably oblique, opening well for- ^ards : mandible longer .ban eye : dorsal fin lower and less rapidly depressed than in the next, the longest ray scarcely half the length of tho base of the fiu; anal fin rounded, its rays not rapidly shortened, the middle ones not much shorter than the longest: colors very dark; fins all black: scales 8-41-7; dorsal, HO; anal, 10 unus, 51. ••• Mouth small, inferior, slightly corrugated : depth 34 to 3^ in lengthy head 4 to 4i, not much longer than high : eye rather small, one-fifth of the length of the head and f that of tho anont : suborbitals narrow. Anterior rays not much produced, shorter than tho head ; caudal forked. Origin of ventral vertically below tbo fonrth dorsal ray. Pectoral fin not extending to ventrals. There are livo longitudinal series of scales between the lateral line and the root of the veutral. Coloration uniform. Scales 7-38-7.; dorsal 29; anal 10 mekidionaus, 52. 50. BriBALIOHTHYS BUBALUS Agassiz. Buffalo-Jinh. Sviall-mouihed Buffalo, High-hacked Buffalo. 1838 — Catoatomua hubalus Kiutland, Rept. Zool. Ohio, 108. (Not of Ri^finesque.) Catoatomns biihalua Kiutland, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist, v, 266, 1845. Catoatomua bubalua Stoker, Synopsis, 424, 1846. Bubalichthya bubalua Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 195, 1855. Bubalichthya bubalua Jordan, Fishes of Ind., 222, 1875. Bubalichthya bubalua Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. Bubalichthya bubalua Jordan, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 74, 1877. Bubalichthya bubalua Jordan & Gilbert, in Klippart's Rept. 53, 1877. 1854—?' f Carpiodea taurua Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 355. (Not identifiable.) T f Bubalichthya Inurus Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 193, 1855. f f Bubalichthya taurua Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 15-t, 1876. 1854 — ?? Carpiodcs vitulua Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 356. (Not identifl iblo.) tf Bubalichthya inlulua Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 193, 1855. f f Bubalichthya ritulua Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. ff Hulxilirhlhya ritulita Jordan &. Gilbert, in Klippart's Rept. 53, 1876. l8GS—Sclrro;)iialhua urua GOntiier, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 22. it^ti—Icthyobita cyancllua Nelson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49. Jcthyobua cyanellua Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. lahyobua cyanellua Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 73, 1877. JethyobuH cyanellua Jordan & Gilbeut, in Klippart's Rept. 53, 1876. hhihyobuH cyanellua Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 323, 1878. \Sr,'7— Bubalichthya altua Nelson, MSS. ^i/ftrj/i>/(%.i (imw Jordan, Proc. Ac. Not. Sc. Phila. 73, 1877. Bubalichthya altua Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 324, 1878. \S77—nubalich!hya hubaliuua Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 50. — Bubalichthya bnbalinua Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 325, 1878. Habitat.— Mibsissippi Valley ; abundant iu all the larger streams. BUBALICIITHYS BUBALUS. 207 This is probably the most generally distributed of the various species known popularly as BuiTalo-fish, The question as to its proper nomen- clature is even more complicated than that of the next species. It may be that this is the true huhalus of Raflnesque, as supposed by Dr. Kirtland. But as that species was the type of the genus Ictiohvs, the identification of Ratinesque's species with the present one would lead to changes in nomenclature far from desirable. The name Ichthyobus would then belong to Bubalichthya and the genus Iciitlnjobm would receive a new name. As this can never be proven, it is best to consider Agassiz's identification as correct and that of Dr. Kirtland wrong. The tirst mention of this species was that of Dr. Kirtland as Catostomns bii- halns.. The name hubaliis, however, was given through an erroneous identification, and must be passed over. Next come Agassiz's names tmrus and vitulus^ both possibly belonging here, bat just as likely be- loii^'ing to ur.us. Both of them, from the exasperating insufficiency and irrelevance of the descriptions, are practically unidentifiable. Next is Apissiz's bubaliis, noticed below. The next name in order is that of Iddhyobus cyanellus Nelson, which was based on this species, as I have iiseertaiued by examination of his typo. This is the first tenable name (crtainly belonging to this species, unless we adopt the name bubalus. Next comes Nelson's altiis. A specimen answering Nelson's description ill all respects, and as evidently belonging to the species now under consideration, is at present before me. It is a fine ad%ilt example. kstly comes my own bubalinus, intended merely as a substitute for the name ^^ bubalus ^\ not then* considered tenable as the specific name of this species, having been given to it originally by an error in identifica- tion. The adoption of the name bubalus by Agassiz after the knowledge of tliist error may, however, be considered as a proposal of a new name. The original descriptions of laurus, vitulus, cyanellus, and altus are here subjoined. Carpiodes taurns Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1855, p. 355. — '♦ From Mobile River, Alabama. The form of the body is intermediate between that of C. Cyprinus and C. Urus. The gill-cover has the same form ai in 0. Urvs, but it is larger and more strongly arched behind. The hind "largin of the scales is waving, owing to a somewhat prominent mid- ith' iuigle. The anterior rays of the dorsal equal in length two-thirds of that of the base of the fln. Anal not lunate behind. The ventrals ilo not reach to the anal opening. Caudal not so deeply furcate as in t'' Cjjprinus.'" ■.;i.''')7;, .'^ ^ • . ■if *t 1' " -. 208 CONTRinUTIOXS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. Carpiodcsvitulus Agassiz, Am. Joiirn. Sc. Arts, 1855, p. 350. — "From the Wabash Iliver, Iiuliauii. This seeuis to be a smaller species ilian the preceding ones. The form of the body resembles that of (J. Taurus, but the eyes are smaller; the opercle is more broadly rounded behiud; the subopercle has its posterior and free border regularly arched above and below, and not emarginate as in C. Taurus. The direction of the iinujerous water-tubes ou the head and cheeks also differ. The upper and lower border of the scales are nearly straight. The dorsal does not extend quite so far forward. I am indebted to Col. Richard Owen ot New IJarmony for this species." Ichthijobus eyanellus Nelson, Bull. Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist, i, 1877, p. 49.— " IjIuo Duttalo. A number of specimens of this species are in the state collection, from the Illinois river, and in Prof. Jordan's collection, from the Mississippi at St. Louis. The following is the description, taketi from several specimens, measuring Irom 8 to 9.^ inches iu length :— " Head about 3J in length. Depth 2^ to 5-0. Eye 4j^ to 5^ iu head. Dorsal I, 30. Anal I, 8. Veiitrals 10. Lat. 1. 38. Longitudinal rows 7-5 to 7-0. Body compressed, high. Anteriorly bro.'id, compressed 1 ('hind. Longest ray reaching 18th ray. Pectorals shorter than veii- trals, both shorter than head. Anal scarcely reaching caudal ; head very short, high and thick ; its thickness ^ length, depth 1} in length. Mouth quite small, oblique, and overlapped by a slightly projecting snout. Mandible short, 4 in head. Opercle becoming wrinkled with age. Head small, short aud thick ; muzzle obtuse, conic, not twice the length of eye. Anterior ray of dorsal, in type from Illinois river, slightly nearer snout than base of caudal. In specimens from St, Louis the dorsal is about equidistant. Color above, light steel blue in adults, becoming lighter below. Young lighter with distinct stripes along the rows of scales. Although the siiecies is described from spe eimeus but nine inches long, when full grown it undoubtedly reachw similar dimensions to its congeners." Jiubalichthys altus Nelson, MS3.; Proo. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. 187", 74. — " This specimen is very deep and much compressed. The back is much arched aud the profile descends 8teei»ly iu front to end of snout, not forming an angle with it as iu many species of Ichthyobus. *' Depth of body, 2J in length ; head, 4 in length; greatest thickness of body, 1} in length of head; depth of head, IJ iu its length; widtli, 1an, Hull. U. S. Nat. Mas. ix, ;U, 1877. Bubaliehthiin niger Joi'.i>\s,^Ui».Wnt,ed.'M,'.\2'.\. , 1854— Carpiodfs urua Agassiz, Am. Jouru. S3. Arts, ;155. ^ Bubuliehthyn urns Agassiz, Am. Jonni. 8t'. Arts, iid series, xix, 193, 1855. 7.V'f(/it7///(,i/.'y HnM Putnam, Hull. Mas. Coinp. Zool. 10, 1803. 7?i(<)(i/i(''i//ii/« (ici/8 JoitDAN, Fishes of Iiul. 'J'i'^, 1875. Bubal iehthya urug Jordan & Copkland, Check List, 1.58, 1870. \i'o5—Bubalichthy8 bonanus AOASSiz, Am. Jourii. So. Arts, 2d soi ies, xix, 195. Biibaliehlhya bonaauM .Jordan & CoPEr.AND, Check List, 138, 1876. > : Haiutat. — Mississippi Valley, ill the larjjer streams. . .<., i. ' Tliis is an abandant species in the Mississippi and its larger tributa- ries. It is very distinct from the precediu";, almost intermediate between BuhaUchthiffi hubaluti and Ichthyohun hiibalHii. It may indeed be necessary to unite these two {jenera on acconnt of tiiis species. The (piostion of the name which t?honld be borne by this species ia a very difllc;ult one. Inasmuch as Kafmesqnrs C. niger was known to him ouly tlirontih the accounts of Mr. Audubon, a {gentleman known to have plaji'd several practical jokes on the too credulous naturalist, and to liiivo UmI him thereby to describe and name several impossible animals, ami iuasujuch as no real description whatever is given by lliiUnes(jue, jitKeeins to me that the name niger can be used oidy on the authority of A^nssiz, and not on that of Itatinesque. That being the uaae, the name Bull. N. M. No. 12—14 I . ^* .1 If' rt" !^ -' t K. ■,,«'f. : ■■■ir.:.r -'J ,f| 210 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. urus of Agassiz, which unquestionably belongs to this species, has a year's priority over niger, and is really the first tenable name applied to any species of linbalichthys. Theoriginal account given by Raflnesqiie of bis CuiostomuH niger and that by Profes.sor Agasaiz of his BtibalichfhtiH urus I here append. Agassiz's descriptions of B. niger and B. bonasun Lave been previously given under the head of the genus. Catostumus {Ictiohis) niger Eaf. Ich. Oh. p. 50. — " Entirely black ; lat eral line straight; 1 have not seen this fish. Mr. Audubon describes it as a peculiar species found in the Mississippi and the lower part ot tbe Ohio, being entirely similar to the common Butialo fish, but larger, weighing upwards of fifty pounds, and living in separate schools." Carpiodes urus Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, p. 355. — " From the Tennessee Kiver. It grows very large, weighing occasionally from 30 to 40 pounds. The body in this species is not so high as in C. qipri- nus, nor is it so compressed above; the stales are also not so high, but more angular behind, and the anterior portion of the dorsal is not so elongated. The gill-cover is larger, and the distance from the hiiul bor der of the eye to the inferior angle of the subopercle near the base of the pectorals and the distance from the same point to the superior and posterior angle of the opercle, are nearly equal. In C cyprinus tlie dis- tances differ by nearly one third. The suboperale is not triangular, bat , its hind border is nearly regularly arched from the upper angle to the I posterior angle of the interopercle. The anal has its posterior mar};iii j full and not lunate; the caudal is not so deeply furcate as in C. q/prinus. The ventrals do not reach the anal. All fins are of a dark color. I ami indebted to Dr. Newman for this species." slightly CO one third o tbe length iiiijch longe 'lead and t anterior doi bead. Caav be'ow the foi There are fiv t'le root of ( Daiuerous anc Mlodon Rapines -JSl, 1819. Icliohus Rafinksq, Mthffobus Agassi/ '^•^P*\Amblodonb Head very Jar )»n''e body, its "''olJy anterior ii if; suborbital boi "Percular appara I found no specimens of Bubalichthys urns in the collections of theB '^''^"'um broad, United Slates National Museum. 52. BUBALICHTHYS MERIDIONALIS (OUnther) Jordan. Central American Buffalo. 1868 — Sclerogtiix'hua meridionalis GIJnthkk, Trans. Zool. Soc. p. — . iSchrognathua meridionalis GOnther, Cat. Fishea Brit. Mas. vii, 23, 1868. HABrrAT. — Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. I know nothing of this species except from Giinther's description From its remote locality, it is probably distinct, but the descriptia shows no especia. diflference from B. buhalus, unless it be that tij bo •■! '".Vf •, ■i • ; ,,, iv '■. ^vj , . ,p ■, ■•■.•.■■ ■• - ■!■;■ ■f'i;i,'". .J iJ 2 12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. m^ hv m outer margin. The peduncle of the symphysis is much longer propor- tionally, and more pointeu than in Carpiodts and Bubalichthyn. Tlie teeth are very numerous, small, thin and compressed in Carpiodtt, but the lower ones are gradually larger than the upper ones. Their inner edge is slanting ontwards, and not uniformly arched as in Bubal ichthys, or truncate as in Cycleptus, the innermost margin rising somewliat in tiic shape of a projecting cusp. Gill -rakers of anterior arch long and slender above, becoming shorter downwards. "^'^"f Body heavy, robust, not e8i)ecially arched above nor greatly com pressed, the form somewhat elliptical, the depth 2J to 3J in the length of the body. Scales large, thick, nearly equal over the body, their posterior edges somewhat serrate, the lateral line well developed, but not as distinct as iu CarpUHlcs, slightly decurved anteriorly, the number of scales in its course 3(5 to 42; 13 to 15 in a transverse series from dorsal to ventrals. Dorsal fin with an elongate basis, its number of rays 25 to 31), tlie anterior rays somewhat elevated, their length about half that of tli6 base of the flu ; caudal not much forked ; anal fin not much elevated, its rays about 9 in number; pectorals and veutrals moderate, tfic latter with about 10 rays. Sexual peculiarities, if any, uidtnown. Coloration dark, not silvery, above dusky olive; lower tins more or less black. Air-bladder with two chambers. Size very large. The claim of this group to generic rank has been questioned by Pro fessor Co[)e and others. The differences in the pharyngeal teeth are perhaps hardly sufficient to distinguish it from Carpiodes, b it at present I am inclined to think that the great development of the fjiandible, which forms a large and terminal mouth, amply sufficient for generic distinction. The rc'ations of the group to Bubalichthys are doubtless, iu reality, closer. Ichthyobus bears much the same relation to Buba- lichthys that Chasmistes does to Catostomus, and, S'^ far as the month is concerned, but in a greater degree, that Erimyzon bears to Minytrcma and Placopharynx to Myxoatoma. The head of Ichthyobus is much larger and stouter, and the whole body more robust .tnd less compressed thau in Carpiodes. I know from autopsy but a single species of Ichthyobus. It has, however, been described under several different names. So far as is known, the genus is confined to the valley of the Mississippi, no species having been recorded from the Great Lakes, or from any streams r^ GENUS ICHTHYOBUS. 213 eiist of the AUegbanies. No members of the suborders Cycleptinw nud Bubalichthyinw are kuowu from the United States west of the basiu of the Kio Grande. The typical species was first described under the name of Amhlodon. The genus Amhlodon of Kaiiuesque, 1819, is based on the same species as his Ictiobus of 1820. The name Ambludoii, however, was {>iven in alhision to the pharyngeal teeth of Haploidonotus grunniens, popularly supposed to be the teeth ol tlie Buffalo fish, the presence of which teeth was supposed to distinguish Amhlodon irom Catontomus. This error was afterwards discovered by Kafinjesque, and the name Amhlodon trans- ferred to the Sciaenoid fish. As Amhlodon of Itatinesque included the present genera Haploidonotus and Ichthyohus, erroneously confounded, aud as on the discovery of this error its author restricted the name to Ha])loidonotu8, I think that we are justified in retaining Ichthyohua instead of Amhlodon for the genus of Cat ostomoids. Generh Characterizations. A:iBi/)DON Eafiuesquo, ISllh — " 16. Amblodon. (Ahdominal.) Different du genre Catoafomns. Mucboire iiifdrieure pavde do deuts ossenses serrdes arrondies, i\ couronne pl.itc, indfales. — Les poiHSiouB de ce genre, qui abondent daus I'Ohio, le Missonri ct le Mississippi, sout nistingudes par le nom vulgaire do Buffalue-Fisb (Poisson bonflle) etles Franjois do la Louisianu les nomnieut Piconeaii. U y en a plusieurs espfece.s qui [larviennent souvent ^ une ttha groere taille. Les deux suivants babitent dans I'Obio. 1. A. hubalu8. Brun olivAtre pAlo dessous, joues blancbdtres. D. 28, A. 12, P. 1(5, A. 9, C. '24. VA. nigcr est enti^renient noir; tous doux ont la ligne latdralo droite, queue liilob6e,tCte trouqu . t \f' ■"■••■'•/# :k^ •J>J I* H. f < I ( • > I. •"i, ( Via . . * ^ -f n : si ^H i #: If 214 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. but present pa interniediato forni ; the out^r suiface of the arch Btonding outwardit and presenting a porous outer margin. The peduncle of the symphysis is much louger proportionally and mjre pointed than in Carpiodeg pnd Buhalkhihya. The teolh are very numerous, small, thin and compressed as in Carpiodea, but the lower ones are gradually larger than the upper ones. Tlieir inner edge is slanting outwards, aud not -.Miiformly arched as in Buhalichfhys or truncate as in Cycleptus, the iunermcst margin rising hiomewhat in the shape of a piojecting cusp."— (Agassiz, Am. Joum. Sv. Arlx, 1855, p. 196. ) IcHTHYOBUB Copc «& Jordan, 1877. — " Body oblong oval, compressed ; dorsal eleviiti-d in front, of 20 or more rays ; fontanelle iiresent; pharyngeal bones narrow, with tlio teeth r«lativ'>ly thin aud weak ; mouth huge, subterminul, protractile forwards."— (JOKD.VN, /Voc. Jo. Xat. Sc. Phila. 1877, p. 82.) ANALYSIS OF Sl'KCIKS OF 1CHTHYOBU8. • Body iobnst, moderately compressed, the outline somewhat elliptical, but llio baclv rather more curveo than the belly ; depth SJ to 34 in length : head very large iiud thick, UJ in length of body : opercular apparatus very strong, the opercuhiin itself forming nearly half the length of the head : scales very largo: developed ra,v.iof the dorsal 27 to 29; anal rays J); ventrals 10: scales 7-;J7 to 41-(5 : coloriitidiMliiU brownish-olive, not silvery ; fins dusky : size very large, renc^ies a length of neari.v three feet and a weight of 20 to UO pounds bi'Bai.us, 53 63. lOHTHYOBUS BUBALUS {Rajinesque) Agassiz. Red-numth Jiuffalo Fitih. Largf moulhed Ituffalo, 1818 — Amblodon ivhihix Uai'INKsqiic,. Journal do Pliy Mque, 421. CatoK'omus bubaUta Uakinksquk, Am. Mouth. Ma^. and Grit. Rev. 354, 1818. CatoHlomua bnbalua RwiKEHqVK, Ich. Oh. 55, 18-^0. Jcthyobita biihulii" AdAHsiz, Am. Joiirn. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 196, 1855. Icthj/obua bubalua Jdhdan, Fishes of liid.222, Ih?.'). Ichthjiohiia bitbalu,, JoitDAN, Bull. Builalo Soc. Nut. Hist. 95, 1876. Ivthijobua bubalua Joiti>A.\, Man. Vort. 298, I87(i. Icthjiobua bubalua Nklson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 1876. Icthjiobua bubiiluH .I()ni>AN -Si, t;<»i*KLANi). CMuck List, 158, 1876. Ic'hjiobua bubaluH .loiiDAN & Gii.BKitT, in Klliii»art'» Rept. 53, 1676. Ivlhyihua bubnh'n .Iokdan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'liila. 72, 1877. Icthyobua bfhalua J«)Iidan, Bull. iJ. 8. Nat. Mum. ix, 34, 18?7. Jchlliyobua hubulua .Jduda.n, Man. Vert. cd. 2(1, 322. lSi4— Sell royualhua riiprimlla CvYiKU Si Valk.vciknnks, Hist. Nat. de« Poissons, xvii,j 4/7. pi. 518. Schroitiuxlbua cyprinella MoiiKit, Synopsis, 428, 184(5. Ichthyobua cyprinella Aoakhix, Am. Jourii. 8ci. Arts, 19(), 1855. Solnuynathua cyprinrlla (iOntiiick, Cat. Fishes, Brit. Mus. vii,24, 1P68. Ichthyobua cyprhulla Jokdan, Man. Vert. 298, 1876. Ichthyobua cyptinclla .Iokdan <&, CoPKi.ANIt, Check List, 158. 1876. IdRli—rctkyobua rauchii Auahhiz, Aui. Jonrn. He. Arts, 2d Msries, xix, 196. A» exarni <^roni the Obi "le, coiitiaiy species. It j hbalus Was. IMithi/s, as 8, follow Profess "^'I'c'i is, at th( ™«^'<', probahl; Kafine«q„o nor '''« flit with him that it was probably distinct from /. bubaluH. Lately I I bv(>b(>(Mi enabled toro-examinethetypeof /. /«o/(^riM in the State Museum of Illinois, and to compare it with a numeious series from the same hwi.iiy. I iuund it possible to establish ain unbroken series among tlii'Ui, connecting the nominal species which 1 had termed bnbulus, \mchii, and isvhyruu, the diflerences separating them being, iu my opiu- lion, due either to differences of age or to individual peculiarities. At' |ii« description of any importance has been published of /. Hlollvyi, I liDiliidi' it as u syuonym of /. bubalnH. 1 know nothing whatever con- mm^ it. lohthyobua cyane'lm Nelson, as below stated, is a Hpeciesof 'Wn'' ^ti ii 111" iill in i nil 1 ?H« } 1 ill I, ' ♦■ n r " t , ^j- •f V :-^''F . ' .Jl'^( ■'4'! 216 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. Buhalichthjs. The description of Scleroonalhus cyprineUa Valenciennes refers principally to the jreneric features of these fishes. It agrees fnlly .with /. bubalusy except in the number of scales above the lateral line, a diflerence doubtless due to a difference in the place or the uiauiier ot making the couut. As no specitic characters are known, and as the Ich- thyobus bubalm doubtless abounds in the Lower as in the Uppei Missis sippi, I refer /. cyprineUa, to the synonymy of /. bubalu-s, the original type having probably been a young specimen of that species. This species is perhaps the hirgest of the Catostomida', reaching a weight of L'O to oO pounds and a length of more than two leet. The young (•' ischyrnii'") are sold in the Illinois markets under the name of lied-mouth Bntlalo, the adult lieiug called simply Buffalo. A species which I suppose to be the present one I have seen taken in immense numbers, by means ul' seines, in the Mississippi River at Burlington, Iowa. The ffesh is jjood. although not ffist-rute. It is railier coarse, and is lull of .small bones. For purposes '^i' com|»arison I here add the original deseiiptious o*'S. cyprineUa, I. ranvhii, I, hioUeyi, and i. inchyrvit : — Sci.KitoONA'iUUS CYI'UINKLI.A ViikMiciciiut'H. — " Kii'tj «'« iiic Heiiible, ue jiistiflo laiciix lii8<^])araii(>n(lttHHc1i^i'(>)riiutlu>Htln gcir.'u duH Catimtoim'H ijuu I'cHp^cu dunt ji^ vuIh tloiiiu'r ici lu dnHcM ipliou. Avm; nnv boiiclc, foriii^o coiiiino cello dii ScUroijiialliiiH ciipriiiiix, ikhis voyoim I'oiivoi tiire portdo iiii bout dii niiim^iiii, la \i)VTti iiifi'.riuiiru \Ai\tt l()ii;;u<< ijiie h mip6i'iiMiio, 1)1 piir ooiiKeqiifut il ii'y a pliiH du puHttibilitd d'oiuployer lit boiiclit' {loiii ancer. "Ce poJKHoii n le corps aH8«*z N»niblu1>l« m\ pi'<^o(^dtuit ISelfrogiialhim cjiprivuii']; ha hantfciir cHr f.roiH torn ot uii tioiH duim mi Iuiiji^ikmii totalo ; la loii(;iiciir do la tou^ y ()Hi 'M)ui]iii(to (|iiati'o I'oin ut demio ; I'omI cHt petit, ot Hiir lo h.i t do la Joiio, lo (iiaiiiciri' t'M coiitoini c.ii(| lo H ot 111) lierH datm la t<^to, ttthuix dianl^trl■H ot dotiii,(loiiiiaiit la iiuNiiri' de I'iiiturvalle ontre l«s deiix yeiix ; lo dosHiiH iiio foriiio ipio cello do I'aiitro oitp^co; iiiuIh raiialo chI jtluo poiiitiio; la oamlalo OHt rioliaiierdo ot largo. "D. :U A. I'i.oto "LcH duailloa dout boanconp pliiH potiteii; J'on compto iiiiarante ot uiio lo Iiiiik ilci* cAt6M; dix uii doNRUR, et sept uu detumiM do In ligiio luK^rulo, qui oBt 6iniito ct niiiiw. " La iMHiloiir tMt un durd vurtl^iie, uveo Wn iiagooirtm ]>!iih fonciSoii. "Nolit< iiidivldii out long do nopt puiicoH ; il viunt dii Lac routflmrtiulii."— (Va'bn- CiiCNNKM. //^«^ Mat. dvH I'uiiit. xvii, pp. 477-47t>.) IcHTUYoiiCH UAUCilli AgftHtiiz.— " Dori-ul much bighor than in l.bubalui,M "tlief flni* luiioh larger, nud Iho hcuUm much lilgl;or tliuu lung ; from Htirlingtun, lowu." MYXOCYPRINUS A8IATICU8. 217 IcHTHYOBUS STOLLKYi Agassiz. — "Body higher than in Ichthyobuii ranchii, profile steeper, and hence snout bhiuter, opercular bones larger ; fins propnrtioually of the gnmo size. From Osage Siver, Missouri." IcHTHYonus ISCHVRU8 Nelsou. — "This is a very stout and heavily built Bpecies* depth '2i in length ; head extremely broad between the eyes and but slightly convex ; its length '^ Limes in length of body ; snout short and rounded, opercular apparatus large ; depth of head 1 }( iu its length ; width of head 1^ ; eye tif in head, 1} in snout, 4 ID interorbital space ; caudal peduncle a little doef r than long ; scales 7-157-7, nearly nniform, a little crowded anteriorly, finely punctate; fins all small ; dorsiil 1,27; nnal 1,8, bluish olive above; yellowish below; fins blackish." Specimens in ChiUed Slateii Xatioiial MuHeiim. Number. Locality. Collector. 20774 Illinois River at Peoria (very large; typical of bnbaliM) 8. A. Forbes. Genu8 MYXOCYPRINUS Gill. Myzocyprin lis Gii.l, Johnson's C.vclopojdia, p. l.')74, 1878. Carpiodes et Sclerognathim .sp. Ui.Kkkkk, GCnihku. Type, Carpioden aniatU'iin Bleaker. Etymology, /xv^au, to suck ; /ti'Trptrof, a carp. This genus is kiiuwu to me oaiy l"om Dr. Bleekor's tU'»rri|»tiou of its typical species. Whether it differs Iroin its rehitives, Iclifhyohmi, Buba- Ikhthys, etc., iu any other character than the obvious one ol" tlie grejit increase in the number oF its dorsal rays and the smaller scales, 1 do not know. In any event, however, its right to indeiieudent generic rank is unquestlouable. Generic Ckaraclerizalioni. Myxocvpkinus Oill, 187H.— " Myxonipiinus is a name proposed for the Carpiodn OK'aficuM of Hleeker, which is distinguislied by the ninltiiadiati^ ilotsal and anal Una 1*1. y.D. 5'^; A. 13)." — (Qu-I., JohnHon'ti Cyclopadia, Appendix, p 1574.) 51. MYXOCYPRINUS A8IATICUS {lihtkrr) Jordan. \^i~Carpiod',■■■ ■^•*' ■■►> •!■ ,;»':■■ -*''«)!rpl* .A- n -i -MU'-::^' '•■'. ■*.•.' . 2 1 8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III. dorso vuldo elevato maxime coiupresso ; latitudiue corporis 2^ 'iirciter iu ejus altitu- dine; capite obtuso 5 fere in longitudino corporis absque 6 circiter in lungitudiue cor- poris cum piiiua cauduli; oculis iu media capitis longitudiue sitis, diametru 5 circiter in lougiiudine capitis, dianietris 2| » irciter distantibus ; linea rostro-dorsali vertico et fronto declivi rectiuscula, rostro valde convexa; naribus orbitis approximatis, poste- rioribiis valvula claudendia; rostro obtuso truncatiusculo valde cnrnoso auto rictum prouiiueute ; labiis valde carnoais papillatis, inferiore lobis parum productis; ossesub- orbituli antcriore sat longo ante orbitam sito, scapbajformi, duplo circiter longlore quam alto apice icuto autrorsuni spectante; osse suborbitali 2" oblique tetragono aiquo alto circiter nc longo; ossibns suborbitalibus ceteris gracilibus oculi diatnetro quadruplo circiter buniilioribus; operculo duplo circiter altiore quam lato margiuibos posteriore et inferiore convexo; osse scapulari valde brevi et obtuso; ossibus pliaryn- gealibns compressis sat validis altioribus quam latis, deutibus 30 ad oO coiiipressis corona vulgo uuituberculatis; squamis dimidio libero et dimidio basali su Mliatim Btriatis, r>0 in liuca laterali, 24 iu serietransvertali absque veutralibus nfuuis iiuuriim 12 liueaui lattraluin inter et iuitium pinna; doi'salis ; sqnamo) linea Jaterali postice medio cinargiuatis ; linea lateralis singulis hqnauiis tubulo siniplice margincm squa- nianuu libcruiu attingente nntata ; piuuis dorsali ot auuli basis vagina squanui.sa iu- clusa, dcrsali basi non niulto pins (lue 2 in longitudino totius corporis, longc ante piunas ventrales iucipientc, antice valdo elevata corporo vix liumiliore, acuta, valde emarginata, nitdio et postice copore quadruplo circiter humilioro ladio postico radio anali postico subopposito; })innis pectoralibus rotundali's capite longioribus, vciitra- K'S non attingentibus ; veutralibus acute rotuudatis pecttiralibus non niulto brevioribus, aualeni non at.iugeutibus; anali corpore minus duplo buniiliore, duplo altiore quam basi longa, acutiusculu rotuudatanou emarginata; cauda^i profunda emargiuatu lobis acutis 4J cerciter in longitudiud corporis ; colore corpore fupccscente-olivacuo, piuuis fusco vel fnscD-violaceo. "B. 3. D. 4-13. r. 1-17. V. 2-11. A. :j-ll vel4-lO. C. I-IG-I et lat. brev. "Ilab. China. " Longitudo speciiiiiuis descripti 508'". " Rem. La prdsence de Catostoniini dans les eaux de I'Asie orientale est un fait amei curieux. Tilesius d(^jil en avait fait counaltro nu repr<^sentant, vivunt dans le Cu- vyma, dans lo L6na, I'lndigirca ct le Dogdo, cHpitco qu'il uomma Cyprinus nistratiis, que M. Valeiicieunus rebaptisa Catostotnus Tilcsii et qui paralt 6tro un Acoiuus. Male cette cspece 4^tait jusqu'ici la seule du groupe (|u'on savait Labiter I'Asie. L'uspcce uctuelle prouve IVxistence duns lea fleuves de I'Asie orientale d'nue seconde espitcu dii groupe ot elle appHrtient manifestement an genre dont la Carpiodes cyprinus ent It- tyiM*. Mais elle est renuirquable parini tons les poissons de la division des J uthynbi (Carpiodes Kaf., Cyeleptus liaf., Ichthyobus liaf ., et Bubalichth^ . Ag.) par son -u^f . •..*■,; •', ••\'-- ■•fvA ■ '*(^'' ;.;;■:' ;;'■- L''!t:?i •■".;rt;^';,';-'' U^fji^ ■'■ '.' ..• ' >'• ■ ■'' >*"■ ■■''*'■• ' ,'• .I- II ■■■-'■ '■■■■■ ■ ■*'.fyfil •; ' • , .. >"■ >■;».* .'Si ''■-■■;*'■■; '-^^'liH '■■■ il 1^*: • ' • *< ^ r.ft, • 'tv. ' ■ J- ( .1 220 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. lytical key to tbe species of the genus. If the upper lip is narrow, with Ifcw rows of tubercles, it will not be easy to separate /tcwndws from teren. If the lip is broad, with many series of tubercles, it will be approximated to C. occidcntalu, differing, however, in the larger scales (about GO ju the lateral line, instead of 72). I therefore quote the original descrip- tion, and leave the relations of the species to be finally settled at some future time: — ^., " It is a triio Catoatomtis bavitig tbe parietal fontanelle well marked aud widely open. The head enters in eutirc le'igih 5 times, the diameter of the orbit fi times in grentest length of side of bead. The insertion of tbe dorsal P.n anteriorly ia nearer to the end of the muzzle than insertion of caudal ; tbe ventrals originating below middle of dor- sal. Tbe width of tbe dorsal to ventral enters tbe tntire length to insertion of caudal 6 times. " Radii : D. 12-13. A. 1-8. P. 7. V. 11. Scales are in 20 longitudinal rows from the insertion of tbe first doronl to pectoral, and in tiO transverse rows from brauchite to insertion of caudal : they are elongate and octagonal, smaller on dorsal region, and larger on ventral. Body elongated, subfusiforui. It differs from C. ( Jcomu«) (n^mrosus, Gir., in many particulars, as may be seen from tbe lolloping comparisons. " Girard's species has no fontanelle ; is shorter and narrower; the diameter of orbit enters greatest length of side of bead .'> times instead of 6. The anterior insertion of dorsal (iu is equidistant between the end of tbe snout and tbe insertion of tbe catuial, while in Cfacundm, it is nearer tbe end of tbe snout than insertion of caudal. Tlie ventrals in C.generoiius originate under tbe pusteiior third of tbe dorsal ; in CJ'vcuudm under the middle third of tbe dorsal. Tbe radii iu €. generoeuH are: D. 10, A 2,7, P. 1G,V.10,C. 27; in C./ecumlHs: D. 12-ia,A. 1,8, P. 17. V. 11. "This species is abundant in Utah Lake, aud is called 'Sucker' by tbe settlers. They run well up the rivers to spawn in June ; feed on tbe bottom and eat upawn of better fish ; spawning beds on gravel ; bite at hook sometimes ; are extremely imiiier- OU8, and are considered a nuisance by the tisbeimeii, but they meet with a ready sile iu winter, at an average price of 2J cents a pound." — (Coi'E &. Yaukow, I, c.) ' ' Specimens in United States National Afniietim. Number. Locality. Collector. )2H94 Utah Lake Yarrow &. Hensbaw. do Do. BIBLIOGRAPHY, ;,-.i-,^:v^-. *^, ,;v l_^: The following list comprises all the works known to the writer in which new species or genera of Catostomidw are indicated, or in which original descriptions are given of genera or species previously known. In general, I have endeavored to include all papers in which anything of importance was added to or subtracted from ♦he sum of our knowledge of these fishes : — FORSTER (John Reinhold). [Description of Cypritius catostomua Forster. 1 < Piiilo- (sopliical TratiHactious, vol. 6;?, London, 1773. «:■>:- LAC£PiiDE (Bernard Oermain ^Itlenne de la Ville-sur-IUon, Comtedi). Histoiro Natmvllo des PoisNonH par lo Citoyen La Ct^piNde, nienibre de I'Institut national, et ProfcH^eiir du Mutidtini du bistoire n^iturelle. Tome premier i\ cin(llli^Ule. A Paris, clu'Z PlaHsnu, inipriipenr libraire, Rue du Ciuieti^re Andrd-des-Arcs, No. 10. L'an VI de la Rfipubliqiie, — 17'JH [— L'an XI de la Rdpnblique, i. e. 1K«]. [Descriptions of Lo Cypriii catostonie, Cyprinut catottomut Forster, Lo Cjprin couimersonieu, and Le Cyprin sucet, Oyprinug uncctla Lucfipeilc] BLOCH (Mark Elieser) ntid SCHNEIDER (Johanii Gottlob). M. K. Hlocbii Doi'toris Medicinal Berolinensin, et Hoeietatibus literariis multis adscripti, Systema IchthyolojTiio iconibus CX ilUisti. ini.— Post obitnni auctoris opny imboatum absolvit, correxit, intorpoluvit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo.-Berolini, Numtibus Aucloris inipret iuni et bibliopolio Sanderiano conuui.-8uin, IHOl. [Description of Cyprinus catotlomui Foi«ter.] TILIiSIUS ( — ). " Piscinjn CnnitHcbateicoriiin descriptiones et icones. < Mem. Ac. Sc. 8t. PtHersb. I and III. IHIO-IHU." [DesiTiption nml f1;;nre of Cyprintig rogtratua, ep. uov., from Eastern Siberia.] PALLAS (Petro). Zoograpiiia Rohho Auiatica .siHteus Omnium Animalium in cxtcnso lini>erio Rossico et adjaeentibus inaribus observatorum, receUHioneni, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atqne ieoues {lurimorein auctore Pel ro Pallas, Eq. Aur. Aeademico Petropoliiano. Volumen tertium. Petropoli. in otlieiua Caes. Aeadeniiae Scientuuum Iiiimchs. MDCCC'XI. Kdit. MDCCCXXXI. [DeNi'ilption of Cypriwm ro»7rafK« quoted from TiloHiiiH.) MITCHILL (Samuel Latham). Tlie Tisbes of New York Described and Arranged. tember !(>, 1H17. v. Journal of the Acidemy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. i, 1817, pp. 8u-lN! and 102-111. [DoHrrihes CatoitottiHn, gen. nov., nnd llie following new species, tnoxt of which ari> flunreil;— O. cyprintu.O. aibbotuii, O. iuberailafuii, C. mncri>lrj)idittuii, C.aurcoliiii, C. eommvnin, C. longimntnim, C. niijrifan», O. maeulotutt, ('. elonpalu)/, C. vittntUH.C. tluquemii, ('. bostonientiit, and (l limUomiia. U. («r(( (Mitch.), (loblongui (Mtteh.),Hnd C7. *urrffn (I.iic.) nro ulsod(Rcrilieup.) ai ; , . » * . • i i« / » i I ' <( -H 1 ,1 i 'I i -J ^' I:, i" ",- ■.P4i 1 .-- -.- • k-4bi u. \ jH ' ' ^■-'^^bi^eI ;■' • ■'" ■•',/' ' ^ ij^JIKB^pi ■4- ■ '■ !S 222 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. RAFINESQITE3 rConstantlne Samuel). Discoveries in Nutarul History madu during a Journey through the Western Region of the United States by Constantine Samuel Ratiuesqne Esq. Ad<)reBsed to Samuel L. Mitobill, President, and other members of the Lyceum of Natural History in a letter dated at Louisville, Fulls of the Ohio, 20th July 1818. < American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, New York, September, 1818. (Dcsciiption of Oatostomru bubalug ami Catostomiu erythrunu>, «p. nov., nnd notice of the discov- ery of t ho "Carp" "(7afo»fojnu« tnocropfent*" and the "Sncker" Catostomus duqiistnei.] Description of three new genera of fluviatilo Fish, Pomoxis, Sarchiriis and &o- gloHDum. By C. S. Rafinesque. Read December 1st & 8th. < Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, i, 1818, pp. 417-422. [Doscriptioii ot Uxoglotfuri' {Hypentelium) maeropterum ; mibsenusand species new.] Prodrome de 70 nonveaux Genres d'Animaux ddcouverts dans I'int^rieur des fitats-Uui.s d'Am^riquo duraot I'annde 1H18. < Journal de Chymie, de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, June, 1819. [DeHcriptinn of Amblodon, gen. nov., based on the pharyngoBls of Baploidonolun griinnifim, erroneouHly ascribed to a Biiffalo-flsh, with the species A. bubalus and A. niger, sp. uov., aiid of Cycleptiu nigretcens, gen. et ap. aoY.] i,-'^- -.iji,»i,., LAC]6PiiDE (Bernard Germain £tienne). Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le Comte Laci^p^do, suite et complement des (Envres de Bulfon. Tome cinquitimp, avec viiigt-trois nouvelles planches en taille-douce. Paris, Rapet, Rue Saiot- Andrd-des-Arcs, No. 10, fiditeur dn Temple de la Gloire on Ics Fastes MilitaireH de la France, ouvrage in-folio, avec figures, 1819. [A reprint of Lac6p6de'8 work.] • ■ - ■ RAFINESQUE (Constantine Samuel). Ichthyologia Ohiensis or Natural HiHtory of the Fishes Inhabiting the River Ohio and its tributary streams. Preceded bv n physical description of the Ohio and its branches by C. S. Ralinesquc, Professor of Botany and Natural History iu Transylvania University, Author of the Ana- ' lysis of Nattirc &c. «fcc., member of the Literary and Philosophical Society ot New York, the Historical Society of New York, the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia, the American Antiquarian Society, the Royal Institute of Natural Sciences of Naples, the Italian Society of Arts &. Sciences, the Medical Societies of Lexington and Cincinnati &c., &c. The art of seeing well, or of distinguishing with accuracy the objects which we perceive is a high faculty of the mind, unfolded in few individuals, and despised f) by those who can neither acquire it, nor appreciate its results. Lexington, Ken- tucky, printed for (he Author by W. G. Hunt, (price one dollar), — 1820. (1 vol. 8vo. 90 pp.) (Ori(ilDally printed in tlio "Western Roviow and Miscellaneoas Hitgnziiie, Lexington, Kentucky, 1819-SO. It contains doscriptions of tho genera and species of Catoitomi found iu tlie Ohio River, they being referred to throe genera, Calottom^u. GyeUpttu, and llypeiiteliwn, the gpniii Oatoitoimu being divided into flvo now subgenera, Moxottoma, Ictiobtu, Carpiodes, Teretuliu, Euryitomu*, and Dfoactylut. The following in the arraugeiuent of (he species descrilied:— Genus (/ATOHTOMim. Subgenns Moxogtmna. onisurus, sp. nov. auieopterns, sp. nov. Subgenns Ictiobti-g. bubalus. uiger. Subgenus CarpiodM. carpio, sp- nov. vclifer, sp. nov. zauthopns, sp. nov. Subgenus Teretulu*. mehinops, sp. nor. nielanotns, sp. nov. fasciolnris, sp. nov. erythrurus. ilexuosus, sp. nov. Subgenus Euryntomus. inegastomns, sp. uov. Subgenus Dteactyhu. dnquesnt. Genus Cvcleitub. uigresoens. Geous Htpbntklium. maeropterum.] BIBLIOGRAPHY. 223 RICHARDSON (John). [FraDklin's Jonrnal.] 1833. [Doscriplions of Oatottornus /nrtfrnanttf, Rp. nov., and Catottomus I« si/nrn't, sp. nov , nnd notesi on some other species.] Fauna-Boroali-Aniencana ; or the Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America, cou1uiuin<; descriptioim of the objects of Natural History collected on the late Northern Laud Expeditious under command of Captain John Franklin, R. N. Part third. The Fish. By John Richardson M.D. F. R. 8. F. L.S. member of the Geographical Society of London, and the Wernerian Natural Histnry Society of Edinburgh ; Honorary Member of the Natural History Society of Mont- real, and Literary aud Philosophical Society of Quebec, Foreign Member of the Geographical Society of Paris ; and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Surgeon and Naturalist to the E.xpeditioiis. — Illustrated by numerous plates. — Published under the authority of the Right Honorable the Secretary of Stale for Colonial Affairs. London : Richard Beutley, New Burlington St. MDCCCXXXVL [Contuius Dutioes or descriptiouB of Catoatomus hudaoniui, C.forsterianut, O. aureohu, C. nigri- cam, and C.nieuri.] KIRTLAND (Jar^d Potter). Report on the Zoology of Ohio, by Prof. J. P. Kirt- land, M. D. < Second Annual Report on the Geological Survey of the State of Ohio, by W. W. Mather, Principal Geologist, and the several assistants. Colum- bus: Samuel Medary, Printer to the State. 1838. [Catalosuo of Fishes, pp. 108-1*0. Notes on spfcies mentioned, pp. 190-197. Nitio speeies rcftMieil to Catottomus arc incliuled, as follows: — veli/er Kuf., artrcolus I.e S., ilongattts Le S., Duquejinii Lo S., erythmrus Rnf., bubalus Uaf , gracili* Kirt., melanopgi* Kuf., nigra%tH Lo S., and IhjpaMiuminacropttnim Uaf. ' C. griieilU Kirt. [sp. nov.] ia brielly cliaracterizef' ua distingiiiHhed by tbo luiiiuteneHs of thu 8c:t!o8 on the anterior part of the body, uud as tbo scaleH npproacb the caudal tin tkey inci-uasu to ii medium gizo" (I. c. p. 19:)).] STORER (David Humphreys). A Report on the Fishes of Massachusetts. By D. Huniphroys Storer, M. D. < Bcston Journal of Natural History, vol. ii, 1839, pp. •289-558. [Descrijitions of Catostomtis gibbonris, C. tubcrcvlatvs, O. nigricans, and C. bostonimsin.] KIRTLAND (Jared Potter). Description of the Fishes of the Ohio River and its Tributaries. By Jared 1*. Kiitlaud, Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati. < Boston Journal of Natural History, vols, iii-v, 1840-1814. [Describes and flgtires Catostomus aureulus, C. communis, O. bubalus, C. tlongatus, C. duquesni, C. animnis, C. melanops, O. nigricans, and Sclerogiuithus q/prinus.] [Papers on the Fishes of Ohio — in Family Visitor and in Annals of Science. Cleveland, 1840-184().] [Descriptions of the species found in the vicinity of Cleveland, witb (inures, most of them from tbo saiiio plates as in his "Fisbos of tbo Ohio". Catostomus gracilis sp. nov., also Catostomus gibbosus, not desciibed in the previous paper, here described and flgured.] THOMPSON(Zadcck). Fishts of Vermont. =ChapterV,(pp. 1'27-151). 8('iipticiu8 of Catostomus ci/printis, C. oblongus (=M. maerolepidotum), 0. teres, 0. nigrteani (=0. teres), and O. longirostrvm.] CirVIER (Oeorgea Chretien Leopold Dagobert) and VALENCIENNES (Achille). Histoiro Natiirello des Poissons par M. le B."" Cuvier, Pair de France, Grand Offlcier de In- L((gion d'honneur, ConselUear de l'£tnt et au Conseil royal ■*, ' ... -*- '^ t ' 'Mi} '1 * , }* I "" < « T t, i * \ f < \ ' i k u-iyfi > Cm 1 A ( '^"^m • ' '• (J i-] 1. '-, 224 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY— III. CUVIBR(0. C. L. D.)flnriato iilustratious. By James E. Dekay. Part IV. Fishes. Albany: printed by W. &. A. White & J. Visscht-r. 1842. [Dt'scriptioiiH of Labeo elegan-t (sp. nov.), Labco ublongus, Laben cyprinus, Labeo giblmsim, I.jheo csuptis (.s(i. nov ), Catuslomus comtnunui, Ca^ostoinus oneida (.sp. nov.), CatO!,tomus liiberculatus, Catoi-tomus pallidits (sp. nov.), Catostomus aureolus, Catoxtomus nijricaiu. Cj (()»/» iak.v mocrnlcp:- dolus, with notices of oilier aptciea. In iho Appi'uilix, tbo name Labco cloiigalus is mugiwt.d aa a Hubslitutu lor Labep oblongus, to prevent confusion witli Labeo oblongits C. &. V.] HECKEL (Johann Jakob). Abbildungen und Bescbreibungen der Fisohe Syriens nebst ei;;er ncueu Classificaticm and Characteristik fiUmmtlicher Gattutij^cii der Cypriien von Johann Jakob Hcckel, Inspector am K. K. Hof-Naturalicnkaliinet in Wien, mehr. gelehrt. Gesellsch. Mitglied. Stuttgart, E. Schweizcrbart'sclie Veilag.shandlung. 184:5. pp.109. (=pp. 'JUl-lOOy, Russiggcr's Reiseii.) [Cunlaius a classilicatiou of the Cyprinidce .icoording to their tcot'J ; our ^pccivait' Ciitnstomida beiu^ divided l)etween Catostcinus and lihytidoston.us, nm. nov., corresponding to Catontomina: and Cyckptince. "Su aWaaion in mado to the Bubalichthyints.] STORER (David Humphreys). A Synopsis of the Fishes of North Aini-iica, by David Humphreys Storer, M D , A. A. S., Vice president of the Boston 8iicitt_\ cf Natural History; Member of the American Philotophical Society, Concspondiiig Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 'Philadelphia, etc. Caniliridj;e; Metcalf &. Company, Printers to the University. 184G. (Reprinted from Mciiioiis of the American Academy, ii, 184G.) [Brief descriitions of 27 nominal species of CatoUomus, two ( f Sa'e.-ogna hit^, and nuo ri I'lrreil erroneously to JUxoglosinim.] AOASSIZ (Louis). Lake Superior: its Physical Character, Vegetation ami Animais compared with those of other and similar region^, by Louis Agassiz, with a naira- tive of the tour by J. Elliott Cabot, and contributions by other seientilic <;i'iitle- men. Elegantly illustrated. Boston : Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, rii) Wa.vbiiij^tou Street. IHoO. [Desiiiplious of several species, with notes and remarks; Catoslomus aurora described as a new speries, and llio name O./orsteriamis used in a now sense.] BAIRD (Spenoer Fullerton) and QIRARD (Charles). Description of new speciis of Fishes collected by John H. Clark on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey under Lt. Col. Ji>s. D. Graham, By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard. Aiiuiist :?0, lH5:i. < Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. C, pp. 387-:t90. August, 1853. [Oatostomiu latipinn\», sp. nov.] BIBLIOGRAPHY. 225 STORER (David Humpbrays). A History of the Fishes of Massacbusetts. By David Humphreys Storer. < Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston), new series, (1853 to 1HC7). [Dc8cri;)tion8 and excellent flt^uros of Catostomtis bottoniengis and C. gibbosxii.] AOASSIZ (Louis). Notice of a coHection of Fishes from the southern bend of the Tt-nnessee Eiver, in (he State of Alabama; by L. Aj^assiz. < American Journal of Science and Arts, second seiies, xviii, 1854, pp. 297-308, :i5;?-3(i5. [Rovives the Itafincsqtii.in gonera Carpiodes, Ictiobii;!, Ci/cleptuii, niid Moxostoma ; dosctlbcH ap. nov. Carpiodes urus, Carpiodes taurus, Carpiodes binon, Carpiodes vitulus, and Carpiodes racca, iind records Vatostomus communis, O. nigricans, O. duqiirsnii, and V. mclanops I'roin lluntsville, Al.t. Xtiu speciflo de8crix>tioD8 arc cumpniutive oulj-, ami uie not readily ideutiliable.] BAIRD (Spencer Fullerton)(iN({ OIRARD (Charles). Dt'scription of New Species of Fishes collected in Texas, Now Mexico aud Sonova by Mr. John II. Clark on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey and in Texas by Capt. Stewart Van Vliet, U. S. A., by S. F. Baird aud Charles Girard. < Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. vii, 1854, pp. 24-ti9. [Descriptions of Catostomus congesttt-s, C. clarki, O. insijpiis, and G. tumidus. sp. nov.] AYRES (William O.) Descriptions of two new species of Cyprinoids. By \Vm. O. Ayrcs, M. D. Dec. 11, 1854. < Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, vol. i, pp. 18-19, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 17-18, 1873. [CatosUnmis occidentalis, sp. uov.J Description of a new species of Catostomns. By Wni. 0. Ayres, M. D. Feb. 26, 1855. < Proceedings of the California Academy of Scieueeo, vol. i, pp. 31-32, 1855 ; 2d ed., pp. 30-32, 1873. [Catostomus labiatus, sp. uov.] AOASSIZ (Louis). Synopsis of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Pacific Slope of North America, chielly from the eollectioDs made by the U. S. Exi)l. Exped., under the command of Ciipt. C. Wilkes, with recent Additions and Comparisons with Eastern type;; ; by L. Ajiassiz. < American Journal of Science and Arts, 2d series, vol. xix, 1855, pp. 18(>-231. [Clmractorizcs very fully tlio genera, viz : — Carpiodes Raf. ; Bubalichihya Ag., gen. nov. ; Ichthy- fifctw Rat'.; t'yclcptus Raf.; Moxostovia Raf.; I'tychostomus Ag., gen. nov.; Uylomyzon Ag., geu. nnv. ; and Catostomus Lo Sueur. Tlio species of each genus arc noticvd, and thu followln;; new epeoipR are very briefly and in most cases tinRatixfactorily di scribed; — Carpiodes thompeoni, Bubalichthys bonasut, Jchthyobus rauchii, lehthyobus stoUcyi, Moxostoma tenuc, oud Catostomvtt OIRARD (Charles). Researches npon the Cyprinoid Fishes inhabiting tho fresh waters of the United States of Anierica, west of the Miasis.sippi Valley, from speci- mens in tho Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Charles Girard, M. D. hia, 1860, pp. 473-474. [Describes Catoatomua texanua and Catoatomtia chloropteron.] OILL (Theodore Nicholas). On the classification of the EvKNTOGNATni or Cvi'iuxi, a suborder of Tklkockpiiali, by Theodore Gill. < Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of PbiladelpLia, 18G1, pp. C-D. [Characterizes the suborder Eventogn^'thi, equivalent to "the true Cyprinoids of AgasHiz, witli- out teeth in the jaws, and with laruo fidciform li>u'('e, A. M. < Jonrnul of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Pbihidelpbin, new series, vol. vi, part iii, January, 1869, pp. 207-'247. [Doscr!ption and ll<;uro of Terefului c«r«t'nt/«, sp. uot,, with notes on T. duqiugnei, Catontomxi* nigrieaits, and C. commitnU. GttNTHER (Albert). An Account of the Fishes of the States of Ceulral America bused on Collections made by Capt. J. M. Dow, F. Godman, Es-q., and O. Salvin, Esq. By Albert Gilntber, M. A., M. D., Ph. D., F. R. 8., F. Z. S. < Transactions of tbo Zoological Society of London, vol. vi, 18C9, pp. 377-194. IDescriptiou of liubalichlhyt meridionalU, sp. uov.] COPE (Edward Drinker). Partial Synopsis of the Fishes of the Fresh Waters of North Carolina, by Edw. D. Cope, A. M. < Proceedings of tbe American Philo- sophical Society of Phibulelpbia, 1870, pp. 448-49."). [Descriptions of I'lacopharynx carinatus (uon. et sp. nov.), Flychoatomus popillosug (sp. nov.), P. velatut (sp. nov.), P.coUapsus (sp. nov.), J'.pidieniiis {a\>. nov.), P. coregontis (sp. nov.), P.albua (cp. nov.), F. thaUusinu» (sp. nov.), P. robiutus (sp. uov.), P. erythrurus, P. laehrymalis (sp. nov.), P. macrolepidotus, P. duquesnei, P. carpio, P. oneida, P.aureoUis, P.sueurii, P. crasKilabris (sp. nov.), P. fcreaiiyp* (sp. nov.), i'.coHMs (sp. nov.), P. cerviniit, Carpiodes diffonnis (sp.nov.), O.euthanserintu {B\>.mt\.).C.selene (sp. nov.), O. I'eli/er, O.grayi (sp. nov.),0.thompsoni,C. bison, C. ejiprinug, and C.nummifer (sp.nov.), with notes on oilier species, and a very useful analysis of the species of Ptychostomus and Carpiodes.] Report on the Reptiles and Fishes obtained by the Naturalists of the Expedi- tion, by E. D. Cope, A. M. < Preliminary Report of tbe United States Geological Survey of Wyoming, and contiguous territories, (being a second annual report of progress,) conducted under tbo authority of the Secretary of tbe Interior by F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist. WaBhingtou : Governiueut Printing Office. 18;2. [Catottomus discobolus, Minomtu delphinus, Minomuii iardtu, and Ptychoatomus hueeo, sp. nov.] On tbe Plagopterina) and tbe Ichthyology of Utah. By Edward D. Cope, A. M. Read before the American Philosophical Society, March 20tb, 1874. < Pro- ceedings of the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, vol . 14, pp. 129-139, 1874. [Minomug platyrhynehug and lUinomus jarrovii described as now species.] [JORDAN (David Starr). Synopsis of the Genera of Fishes to be looked for in ludiaua, by Prof. David S. Jordan, M. D. < Sixth Annual Report of tbe Geob)gi- cal Survey of Indiana, made during the year 1874, by E. T. Cox, State Geologist ; assisted by Prof. John Collctt, Prof. W. W. Borden, and Dr. G. M. Levette. Indi- anapolis. Sentinel Company, Printers. 1875. pp. 197-228. [Nine genera characterized nndone or two species mentioned under ea< , * ^ "' . " ' ' ' '^„„.-™ I, ' ' '^ ' ■ ^^M\ ■ M,^-'- •'.:■■ Villi ■; f • ' .^ * " .e ^w \ .1 1 ' •t'' .'"55 1 t . . if-" I i 'l 228 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOOY — III. ! JORDAN (David Starr). Mannal of tho Vertebrates of the Northern United States, including the diettrict east of the Mississippi River, and north of North Carolinii and Tennessee, exclusive of marine species. By David Starr Jordan, M. S., M. D. Professor of Natural History in N. W. C. University and in Indiana State Medical College. Chicago: Jansen, McClnrg & Company. 1876. [Twont.v-tbrec spocies briefly desoiil>ed, and referred to oino genera.] NELSON (Edward W.) A Partial Catalogue of the Fishes of Illinois, by E, W. Nelson. < Bulletin of the Illinois Museum of Natural History, i, 1870. [N()t(^8 on -21 Hpouios; Iclithyobui cyancllus described as a new species, and tbo genua Carpiodcs united lo Ichlhyc'ous.] UHLER (P. R.) and LUGGER (Otto). List of Fishes of Maryland, by P. R. lJl,l,.i anil Otto Liiy;ger. < Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries of Marylaud, pii. G7-17(i, (IH7e). [Seven specii's doaoribed.] CCPE (Edward Drinker) and YARROW (Henry C.) Report npon t!ie collectio m of Fishes made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona during tlio years 1871, 1872, 1873 and 1874, by Prof. E. D. Cope and Dr. II. C. Yarrow. =: Chapter VI. < Report upon Geographical and Gtnilof;i!!;il Explorations and Surveys West of the Oi;e Hundredth Meridian, in cliar);e of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, under tue directiim of Brig. Gen. A. A. nuniplirey8,Cliief of Engineers, U.S. Army, published by authority cf Hon. Wm. W. Belknap, Secretary of War, in accordance with acts of Congress of .Juno 23, 1874, and February 15, 187.'>. In six volumes. Accompanied by one topo- graphical and one geological atlas. V»>1. V. — Zoology. Washington: Govcrtiinciit Printing Ollice. 187r>. (Issued in 1870.) [Contains di'goriptioiis of Pantonteug (nvn. nov.), Pantoiiteut platiirhynchus, Pantosteng janorii, Vantobteui viret^cenn (np. nov.), Catontomttt iimigne, GatDstoiitin alticuluni, Oatottoinun itiacdbolnm, CaUmtomvs focundum (ip. nov.), Catostomun guimanieime, Moxottoma tnsignalurn (sji. uov.), I'ti/- choalomus eonijeutua, and Oarpiodct ijrayi, witli litfurcd of most of tbo species.] JORDAN (David Starr) nud COPELANO (Herbert Edson). Check Li.Ht of Mie Fishes of the Fresli Wattirs of North America, by David S. Jordan, M. S., M. 1)., and Herbert E. Copeland, M. S. < Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natinal History, ii, l87(i, jip. 13:1-104. [Eighlytlirce nominal spi'cloacnntnoratM, rrferred to ten genera, viz :— Oatnttomtu, Pantottnif. HyyciUcHum, Erlmyzoa, Terttuhui, Plaeopharyxx, Oarpiodts, IcMhyobiu, Hitbaliclilhy.i, aui\ Cyckp- twi] JORDAN (David Starr). On the Fishes of Northern Indiana. < Piocoediiigs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelidiia, 1877. [Notes on several spoeles ; Ichthmbiu Uchynu and Pubalichlliyt alttm desei Ibed iis new upocii v ffiiin MSS. left wltb tbe aotbo- hy Mr. Nelson ; an atoil.vKlHol' (be genera of Catotiifiiiiiiiui IhjjIvimi, utuo of thum lioiug "accepted by ]>ruf. Cope and tbe writer " ] A Partial Synopsis of the Fishes of Upper Georgia, by David 8. Jordan, M. I'. < A-UMiilsof the .\e\' York Lyceum of Natural liistt)ry, 1870. (Published in 1677.) (Notes on numerona spscies, Myxottoma turyopi being described as new.] SLIPPART (John H.'> First Annual Report of the Ohio State Fish Coniihixsion to the Governor of (ho State of Ohio, for the years 187& and 1870. Columbus: Neviiis & Myers, State Printers. 1877. [Drserlptionsof Oatitdomvii teret, Tdrftuhm oM»n.7U«, FUienpharynse M-inalu; Carpiodet d{fiir- mU, and (Sitpmlfii iW'/ m Theodore Gill, A. M., M. I)., Ph. I)., M. N. A. 8., Late Seniiu Asfistant Librmian of Mie Library of Congress]. With nuriiiTons contributions from writers of distinguished emineueo in every dejiart- nient of 1( tiers and science in the United States and in Europe. Comph^te in four voliinu^s, including iippendi.x. Volume IV, S — Appendix. (Testimonials at tho end of the volume.) Alvln J. Johnson &■ Son, 11 Groat Jonos Street, Now York. MlHCCLXXVin. [CiiiitaiDH n dcRcriptlun of llio family Cj(a f 1 *■■; •t 1 t t4-n 4 % 230 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN 'ICHTHYOLOGY — III. JORDAN (David Starr). A Catalogue of the Fishes of the Fresh Waters of North America. By David S. Jordan, M. D. < Bulletin IV, Hayden's Geological Survey of the Territories, No. 2, pp. 407-442. Washington, May 3, 1878. [Fifty-ono species enumerated ; arranaod In thirteen genera, viz : — liiibalichthys, IchthyohMs, Carpiodes, Cycleptus, Pantosteus, Catostomus, Chasmisten (gen. uov.), Enmyzon, Minytrema, Myiu- stoma, Placopliarynx, and Quasailabia.] — — Notes on a Collection of Fishes from Iho Rio Grande, at BrownHville, Texas. By David S. Jordan, JH. D. < Bulletin Haydeu's United States Geological und Geographical Survey, vol. iv, No. 2. Washington, May 3, 1H7H. [Synonymy and note oa Carpiodes fiimtdus.] A Catalogue of tho Fishes of Illinois, 1>y Prof. David S. Jordan. f the ludiaut: State Bjard of Agri- culture, 1877. Volunui XIX. Indianapolis. 1878. [Twenty-two spcclits enumerated, rrt'erred to ten genern.] JORDAN (David Starr) and BRA7TON (Alembert TVintbrop). On the Dis- tribution of the Fishes in the Alleghany Region of South Carolina, Georgia iiml Tennessee, with Descriptions of New or Little Known Sptcies. By David 8. Jordan and Alembert W. Brayton. < Bulletin of the United Stiites Nutiuuul Museum, No. 12. Washington, Governmeut Priutiug Office, 1878. [Notes on numeroua species.] f^ ^: IISTDEX Page. Acaiitbarclius 89 Aciptips-' 71, 90 AcipouseridoB 71 Acomus 151, 157 uisopuB (Boleosoiuu) 8:J alUais (CliuostoiuuH) 24 agassizi (Cbologastor) 84 albii (Myxostoma) 130 albi(lu8(Amiura8) ^7 alltitluH (PtycbostomuH) 129 albi(lus(TereHil- a) 8t> aurautiacu8(HadropteruM) 58, 82 aureola (Moxostoina) 12^ aiircohuii (Moxostomu) 125 aiircoliim (Myxiifstoma).. 100, 101, 110, 124 aureolii8(Catoi toiuu»)...100, 124, 125, 107 aiireolim (PtjciioHtoimis) 125 aureuH (Liipuuiot is) 15 auritUH(LL'pi«>pomuH) !.15, 30, 40, 83 atirura (Aconiiin) 176 uiuoia (CatuHtuiniiH) 101, 176 bairuii (PotaiiiocnttiiH) 83 bardim (MiuoiuuH) 184, 180 burduH(PautuHttiiH). m4 borDardiui (CatotttoiiiiiH) 102, 174 biguttatus ^Ceraticbtbyet).. 20, 3:!, 3h, 43, ()8, 79, 8t» biHon (Carpiodts) «tt», 8(5, 101, 194, 197 bliMinioideH (DipluBinni) 58, 73, 8S{ bleuiiioidfH (EtbuuMtotiia) 58 Uoliiclitbyi* 45, 8» UoUHteoma 13, 34, 68, 75, 89 boniblfVonH (LMplopoiuuo) 00, Kt lumaMUH (liubaliiihtliyH) 101, 209, 214 boHtoiiicimiH (CatoHtuuiiis) 100, llHi bruvioepn (Muxtmtiiuia) 127 brovlcup(i(MyxoBtoina) 1)17 831 • 1- 1 .N . n t *« ' > 'i' 1." < * ' . r. • 1"'' i '\t »%U '<\ • ?>'■..■■■ 232 INDEX. Pftge, breviceps (Ptycbostomus) 102, 127 breviceps (Teretulus) 127 brevipinne (Boleosomii) 58 brnuucua (Amiurus) '29, o9, 41, 87 Bubalicbtbyina) I'D Bubalichthy8..55, G9, 90, 104, 201, 203, 205 bubaliniia (Diibalicbtbys) 103, 20« bubulus (Ambloilou) 211, 214 bubalus (Biibalicbtby»)..101, 102,205, 20(5 bubaluH (Catostoiuus) 100, 20(}, 214 bubaliiH(Icbthyobu8).80, 100, 101, 102,214 buccaia(Eric5mba) H4 bucco (Ptycbosfomus) 102, 13:1 biicco (Toretuliis) 13 J biiUaris (Semotilus) 8G calliBeiiiii (Cwloma) ...37,85 CiiUisema ( K.^'isema) 37 callistia (Codotria) 50,85 callistius (Pbotogenin) 50 calva (Aiuia) 70,87 canjpbflli (Erimyzoii) , 14G canipbclli (MoxoMtoma) 101,146 CaiiipoHtoma 16, 43, 49, 6:i, 77, 90 catnura (Vaillantia) f^9 camiiniH (NofbonotuH) 74,82 chiuuloiiHH (8ti/o8telbium) H3 caproik'8 (I'crcina) 45, 57, 73, 82 cnrinatus (Placopliarynx). .69, 86, 102, 107, lot!, 109 carpio (Carpiodes) .. ..H6, 100, 102, 195,200 carpio (CatohtoimiH) 100, 101, 118,200 carpio (Icbtbyobiis) 200 cai'piu (Moxostouia) 119 carpio (My.\o»toma) 101, 115, 118, 119 carpio (Ptytbostoiuua) 118 Ciirpld (TercUiliis) 119 Carpiodcs. . . . 55, 69, bO, IH), IDO, 193, 201 , 217 catuuatuiii (Xciiiauia) 62,77,84 Catostoiuitlu) . . .26, 33, W^, 43, 54, 68, SO, 97, 08, 103 CatoBtoniiiiR) 98 CtttoHtoinus 27, 33, 54, 69, 80, 103, 110, 136, 140, 151, 153, 154, 155, 158, 1M», 201, 219 catostoiiuiH (Cy priuuH) 16(), 175, 198 cat()HtoiniU4(l'biMiacol)in!«) 53 cavilVoiiH ( Aiiibloplites) 83 CeiitrarcbitlttJ 15, 30, 35, 40, 46, 60,75 Ct'iitrarciiUH 36, 47, W9 ccpeiliaiiuiii (DoroHoina) 49, 63 CoraticbtbyH. ..24, 32, 38, 43, 53, 67, 79, 90 oerviniiin (MoxoNtoina) 12i) cerviuuui (Myxustuuiu).. 26, 33, 38, 43, 86, 102, 117, 129 Pnge. cervinus (PtycLostomus) i^y cervinus (Teretulus) 102, PJIi Chajuobry ttub 15, 35, 46, CO, Hi) ChasmiHtes 103,149, 150,t>i;i cbiliticus (Hydrjpblox) f-:, cbloiistia (Codoma) 21, 85 cbloroct^pbalim ( Alburnops) li), 85 cblorocei)balu8(IIyboi),siH) pi cbloropteron (Catostoiuus) 10:>, ic; Chologaster cii CbroaoiuuB 65, 79, !)0 cbrosomus (Hybopsis) 4y cbrosomus (Uydropblox) 49,85 chrysochloris (Poniolobiis) (;•>, 77, h) chrysoleucuB (Noteuiigouu.s) 5:{, 67, 7!) cbry8op8(RoccU8) 83 ciuerea (Etheostoma) 59, 8;t clarki (Catostoiuus) 159, l(i5 clarki (Miuomus) loj clavit'ormi8(Eriinyzoii1 141; clavitbruiis (Moxostonia) 101, ik; Cliuostouius 24, (Ki ClnpuidiB (■)•.', 77 coccogeuis (Luxilus) 31, 64, ftj Codoma 20, 37, 42,50,110 cserulea (Codoma) 85 ccDrolea (Erogala) 51 collapsus (PtycbostomuH) ]()•>, \'M ooiuiuersoui (Catostomus). ..27, 69, ^!0, «;, 100, Kili comnieraouien (Lo Cypriu) IdO, Kill conimunia (Catostouius) 80, IdO, Kill cougeata (Myxuatoiuu) 133 cougeatuui (Myxoatouia) 101, 118, l;i:! congeatus (Catostfimua) i;i;i cougfatua (Ptycboatonuia) 120, i:t;i congeatua (Tcretulua) i;i;i copulaudl (Kbcocrypia) 83 Cupt'lajdia 69 Coregoiiua 89 coregouua (Myxoatoma), 2(i, Hi), 102, 118,134 ooregouua (Ptyuboatouiua) 102, 134 cornutua(Lnxilua) 49, 64, *S corporalia (SeuiotiUia), 26, 38, 54, 68, 80, 8(t couuH (Myxoatoma) 86, li)2, 116, IK) conuH (Ptyohoatomua) 102, l'i6 oouuH (Turutulua) I'X) Cottidoi t 47,57,73 craH«ilabr«(Myxo8toma).. 86, 102, 116, 1'.'d criMaiiabria (i'tyoboatoniua) 10-', I'.'ii crasailubrlH (Tur»tnIuB) Kt' oraaNUS (Alvordins) 13,81! cruaaus (Eaox) SijM Crlstivouier ^ INDEX. 233 Page. cupreiis (Aminrua natalm) 70 eutisanserinus (Carpiodes) 80, Hfi, 102, 194, 195, 19(5 cyaiiollus (Apotnotis) 76,83 cyatielliis (IJubalicblhys) 8G cyauellua (Ichthyobus) 102, 206 Cycleptinio 98 Cycleptus 80, 90, 101, 186, 187, 189 cypho (Esox) 84 Cyiiriii«lla 90 cypiinolla (Iclitbyobus) 214 cypriiiella (Welerofjuaibiis) 214, 215 Cyprini(la3 16, ;{1, 36, 41, 49, 63, 77 Cyprinotlontiil;" 31, 48, 62, 77 CypriniiH 140 eypriiius (Carpiodcs) 55, 8(5, 101, 102, 195, 198 cyprinus (Catostoiuiis) 100 cyprinns (Labiio) 198 cyprinus (Scleroguatbiis) 197, 198 tliuualis (Cai piodes) 199 Deoactylus 151, 154 DecadactyluH 151,15-1, 159 (Idphinus (Miiioiiuis) 102, 184 delpliiiiUH (Paiitostons) 184 (linpliamis (Fuiidiilns) 84 (lill'oniiis (Carpiodcs) So, 102, 194, 195 (lifforiuis (Iclitliyobusj 196 (lilt'ctiis (Notropif*; , 85 iliiieiinm (Notropis) 85 Diplesiiiin 58,73, 88 ilmcoboliis (Catostomus) 1(12, 162,179 Itrtiosonia 49, 0.5, 77, 90 I)i)ro9oiiiati«lro* 49, (i'J, 77 ilinpar (Zygoncptt's) 84 (lissimilis (Curat iobfbys) 67, 79, 80 (ln(|iiesnii (Catostoiiius), 100, ICO, 121, 129 (lni|iio,siili (Moxostoma) 121 ilii(;nwsiiii (Myxostoina mnorolupldo- I'lin) 80, 100, 121 ilmiuranii (MyxoHtoma),43, 54, 68, 8t», 115, 120,121 ilu(|iiesi)ii (PtychostoiiiuH) 121 iluiiui'snii (TorctuluH) 121 Klassoiua Hf' I'legaiw ( Holeicbtbys) 45, 83 I'leKiiiiH (CatostoimiH) 146 •li'^'aiw ( Lubeo) 10 1 , 145 »ltMithcriiH (NoturuH) 70, 87 uliMigalo (Gila) H") oloiigiktiiH (Catostomiis) 100, 181» 'longatn» (CycleptnH), 80, 8«), imi, 189, 190 flonnatim (Labeo) 101, 146 *lon(;atu8 (8clorognatbn8) 189 Ell neaoan thus By "-' ■ Page. eo3 (B^^.ijicuihys) 83 Episeran 64,90 Ericosma 88 Ericyinba 90 Erimyzon, 27, 38, 43, 54, 69, 80, 90, 103, 136, 140, 143 Erogala 20 erytbioga8ter(C!i;o8otnu8) 65, 79, 85 erythrurus (Catoscomus) 100, 121 eryt brums (Ptycbostonin.s) 121 erytbnirus (Tewtnliis) 121 EsocidiB 16, 3(), 48, 62 esopus (Catostoiiuis) 146 esopuH (Labeo) 101, 146 e.stor (Gila) i\i\ 79 Esox 16,36,48,62,89 Etbeostoina 15, 40, 59, 75, 89 Etheostoinatida! .... 12, 30, 34,40, 45, 57,73 etowanuni (HypiMitt'liiim) 86 etowanna (Catostoiniis nigricans), 54, 159, ten Encalia H9 Eupomotis 1.5, 46, 61, 89 enryops (Myxostoma), 54, 86, 103, 115, 119 eiiryops (Toretnlus) 1 19 eiiryHtoiua (Codonia) 42, 85 onrystonuis (PliDtogenis) 42 ovides (Ericosnia) 82 exilis (Nolurus) 87 Exoglosanm 90 fasciatus (Catostoums) 101, 138 fasciolaris (Catostonius) 100, 145 fectindus (Catostonius) 102, 150,219 fecundus (Cinisinistos) 102, 150 flabellare (Etbtiostoma) 15,59,75,83 UaboUatus (Catonotus) 15 flammeus (Pboxinus) 65,85 lli>xuosns (Catostoinns) 100, 166 folium (Polyodon) 71, 81, 87 fontiualis (Salvelinua) 16, 31, 63, 84 Formosa (Coih)nia) 42,51 formosus ( Albnrnns) 42 f()r8terianu8(Ar,omns) 167, 176 forHterianus (Catustonins). ..100, 101, 167, 176 A'otensis ( Alburnops) 85 Fnnduliia 89 fnrcatuH ( Icbtbiolurus) 87 KalacturuH (Hypsilupis) Wi galaotnrua (Pbotoguiiis) 32, 64, 78 Gambusia H9 RenorosTis (Anonius) 183 KoneroHUH (CatostomnN) 102, 173, 183 generoHus (PttutosttMis) 102, H2, IKl Kibbosus (Catostouius) IIX), 145 ^;:,]pt!s,vf|:->;r.'5,riK :5- ■<:'■. 1, :• ) -«',r'.:-» •< < ■• '■ ■'■■ * \ ■yki .|. ■■■■A- f'^jci -^ii ■*■■ ". < • ,•■ f .:■ <>„••*.•;« 234 INDEX. Page. gibbosns (Labeo) 145 Gila '24, GG, 79, 90 Oirardinns 89 goodei(EriDiyzon) 103, 144, 14H gracilis (CatostomuB) ..lUl, 1G7 grandipinnis (Photogeuis) 42 grayi (Carpiodes) 102, 199 grisens ( Acomus) 17G gruDniens (Haploidouotns) 47, Gl, 70 galo8UB (Chienobryttus) 46, GO, 83 guttatns (Percopsit)) 84 gattatus (Zygonectes) 48, 84 gaztnanieDsis ( Acomus) 178 guzmaniensis (Catostonius) lOi, 178 Hadropterus 30, 34, 40, 45, 58, 88 Haploidonotus 47, Gl, 70, 89 haydeni (Pt.ycbostoiiuis) 101, 138 haydeni (Teretulus) 138 TTemioplites 89 Hemitreniia GTt, 79, 90 beterodon ( Heniitreinia) . 85 Letoruruiu(Dorosomacopcdianum). 49, 77 hieroglyp'jiciis (Zygonoctes) 48, 81 hirndo ( AniiiiocoBtes) 87 Hudsonius 19,36,90 badsoDius (Catostoinii8).l()0, IflO, 175, ITG liyalinus (CeraticbtbyH) 53. GS HjbQgnathns IG, 90 Hyborhyncbns 63, 78, 9f) Hydrophlox IH, 32, 36, 49, 64, 90 Hy lomy zou 151, 156 HycMlon 48,62,77,89 Hyodoiitidffi .48,62, 77 Hypenteliiira 151, 154, 155, 157, 158 hypselopterns (Loiicisciis) 42 bypsindtus (Ceratichtliys) 25 Icbtbaslurus 33, 39, 43, 55, 69, 81,90 Icbtbyobns 90, 104, 211, 213, 214 Ictiobus 211,213 Imostoma 88 inconstans (Eiiculiii) 83 iu8cri|»tus(N()fboiiutiiH) 34, 82 inscriptiis (Xouoti.i) 4(!, 61, 83 insigue (CatostoiiiiiH) 165 insiguiN (CatostomnH) 101, 159, KUi iiiHigniN (MiiioinuM) 165 insignia (NotiiniH) 29,87 interrupta(Morone) 83 loa 88 irideuH (CentrarcbiiH) 47,83 iscbaniiH (Notemigonii-) 24, 38 iscbyruH (Icbthyobim) 102, 215,217 iBcbyniR (LopiupoinuH) 83 Jarrovii (MiuoiuuH) 102,18:} Jarrovii (Pautoatous) 183 rape. jessio) (Poecilichfhys) 59,102 kennerlyi (Moxostooia) 101, I4(i Labeo 140, U2 labiatns (Catostomiis) 160, 173 Labidestlies 61,76,89 labrosus (Ceratich thys) 25, «() lacera (Lagochila) 68, 103, 104, lUO lacera (Quassilabia) 68,86,1(1(1 lacertosus (Hydrophlox) CA lachrymald (Myxostoma) 102, 115, 120 ]aclirymalis(Myxo8toma diiqiiesnii). l^O lacbrymalis (Myxostoma iiiacrole- pidota) 120 lacbrymalis (Ptychostonms) 102, 120 lacbrymalis (Toretulus) 120 lactarijs (Acomus) no lactarins (Catostomus) 102, 17() lacustris (Lota) 82 Lagocbila 104,105 latipiunis (Acoinus) 178 latipinnis (Catostomus) ..101, 102, 102, 178 LopidosteidiB 29, 44, 55, 71, 81 Lepidosteus 29, 44, 55, 71, 81, S)0 Lcpiopomus 15, 36, 40, 46, 60, 76, 8!) leptacantbus (Noturns) 44, ri5, 87 lesueurii (Catostomus) 100, 125 leucioda (Episema) 61, 85 leiinops (Photogeuis) 2;t leucopus (Photo^reuis) 41,81 linii (Melanura) 84 lineolatum (Etbeostoma) Et liorus (Chasmistes) 21i) lirus (Notropis) 53, (io, ^5 Litbolepis 90 longiceps (Hybopsis) (i4 lougirostris (CatoHtouuis), 86, 100, 102, Itii, 175 long'rostrum (Catostomus) 100,175 Lota 88 lunatus (Uhiuichtby 4) 07 lutipiunis (Hydrophlox) 36,8,') Luxihis 18, 31, 49,64,78,90 lythrochioris (Xonotis) 8:i Ly thrums 78,90 macrocopiialiis (Alvordius) ^'i macrochiiuH (Catostomus) 102, lliO, 171 macrocbirus (Lepiopcmus) S3 inacrolepidota (Myxostoma) 120 macrolepidotum (Moxostouia) 1'^ macrolcpidotum (Myxostoma), 54, (H 80, 86, 191, 102, il5, 116, 120,124 macrolepidotum (Teretulus) I'^W tnacrolepidotus (Catostomus), 100, 120, r25 macrolepidutus (Ptycbostomus) — l-W macropterum (Exoglossum) K^i 1*^ I INDEX. 235 Page. maciopteruni (Hypentelium) KKl macropterus (Centrarchus) 3ti, 83 maculatioeps ( Arlina) 13 uittciilatioeps (Boleosoma) 13,34 uiaciilatuiu (Boleosoma) 58, 82 uiacnlatuiu (Etheostoma) Vi maciilatus (Alvordius) 58, 73, 8'2 iuacnlatuH(IIadropteru8) 58 uiaculatUH (NotboDotus) 82 maculo8U8(Acipen8er). 71, 87 maculosus (Catostomus) 100, 1G3 manitoii (Perciua) 82 uiargarotis (Enneaoanthua) 83 uiargiuatU8 (Noturus) aO maruioralus (Aaiiurus) 39, 87 matutiuus (Notroitis) 85 maxillingua (ExugloHSUui) 80 inegalotis (Xenotis) 76, 83 niegaslomu8 (CatOHtoujus) 100, I(i3 nielauop8(Cato8tomu8).. .27, lOJ, 130, 138 melanops (Eriiuyzoii) 27, 138 melanops (Minytrema), 27, 54, (ii), 80, 86, 100, 101, 137, 138 melanops (Ptychostomiis) 138 niulanops (Zygouectes) 84 mt'lauopsia (Catostoiuus) i:J8 Melauura 89 meluuurua (Rutilus) 100, 121 melas ( Atuiuru8) 87 nieleagiiB (Rhiuicbthya) 86 meriilionalis (Bubalicbtbys).. lOJ, 206, 210 meriilionalis (Putauiocottua) . .47, 57, 73, 82 uieruliuuali8 (8cluro;j;uatbu8) 210 Me8ogoui8tiu8 89 Microporca 89 Micropterus 15. 30, 35, 40, 46, 60, 75, 89 micropteryx (Notropis) 65, 79, 85 microstomus (Alburuops) 04, 78, 85 microstomus (MiDDiluH) 64 Miuomus 151, 157, 180, 181 Miaytretua. .27, 54, 69, f 0, 90, 103, 13(5, 137 miurus (Notuius) 87 MoUieuesia 89 monacUus (Ceratichthys) 07, 86 MoxuHtoiua, 110, 113, 114, 136, 140, 142, 143 MyxocypriiiUB 104, 217 Myxosloma, 26, 33, 38, 43, ' 4, GS, 80, 90, 103, 110, 113 nasntns (RbinichthyB) ...:. 86 uatalis (Ainiurus) 55, 70, 81, 87 iieog(cu8 (Fboxiuua) 85 nuvisensis (Alvordius) 82 m(;er(Arablodoii) 209 niger (Aramocootcs) 87 uiger (BubaliohthyB) 2(;9 Page. niger (Catostomus) 219 nigrescens (Cycleptus) 100, 186, 190 nigricans (Amiurus) 81, 87 nii^ricaus (Catostooiiis), 33, 54, 69, 80, 100, 101, 158, 159, 162, 163, 167 nigricans (Hylomyzon) 162 nigricans (Hypentelium) 86, 162, 163 nitirotasciatus (Hadropterns) ...30, 34, 40, 45,82 uigromaculatus (Pomoxys) 47,76 uiveiveutris (Amiurus) 87 uiveus (Pbotogeuis) 20, 85 notatus(Hyborbyuchu8) 63, 78, 84 notatus (Xystroplites) 61, 83 notalus (Zygonectes) 62, 77, 84 Notemigonus 24, 38, 53, 67, 79, 90 Notbonotns 13, 34, 58, 74; H9 Notropis 23, 53, 64, 7r>, 90 uottii (Zygonectes) 31, 48, 84 Noturus 29,44,55,70,90 uucbalis (Hybognathus) 84 uuuiuiifer (Carpiodes) 102, 200 occidentalis (Catostomus) .. -101, 160, 172 oblongus (Cypriuus) 27, 100, 140, 145 oblougus (Erimjzon) 100, 145 oblongus (Labeo) 145 oblougus (Moxostoma) 145 oblongus (Teretulu'■^ 145 obscurus (Lepiopouius) 46, 60, 76, 83 obtusus (Rhinichthys) 54, 67, 86 oblongus (Catostomus) 145 olivaris (Pelodicbtbys) 70,81, 87 olmstedi (Bo'.eojoma) 13, 82 on';ida (Catostomus) 101, KO oneida (Ptycbostomus) 120 osseus (Lepido8icu8)..21>, 44, 55, 71, 81, 87 pallidus (Catostomus) 101, 167 pallidas (Eupomotis) 46, 61, 83 pallidus (Lepiopomua) .. .40, 46, 60, 76, 83 pallidus (Micropterua), 15, 40, 46, 60, 75, 83 Pautim-.eus ...103, 1'-O, 181 papulosa (Myxostoma) 134 papillosum (Myxostoma).. .26, 38, 86, 102, 118, 134 papillosum (Ptycbostomua) 102, 134 papillosum (Toretulua) 134 pellucidus (Pleurolopis) 82 Pelodicbtbys 70,81,90 peltastes (Xonotis) 83 Porca 89 Percidoj 45,60,75 Percina 45,57,73,88 Percopsis 89 Phenacobius 53,07,79,90 Photogonis 18,20,32,41,64,78,90 Ik * * . *■* * n . 'k />fi'^'^ v:i\' ^lii^^ 4 ■ U ♦! J "f 'fc ti , — - * 'u ^li' ^ ,!V \ .* U i ^ If t f V.' J 0. ! C n .' 1 ■m ff 236 INDEX. Page. photogenis (Notropis) 23, 65, 85 photogeuis (Squalius) 23 Pboxiuus 65,90 pboxocepbalus ( Alvordius) 73, 82 pidiensiH (MyxoHtonia) 86, 118, 133 pidieuuis ^PtychostomuH) 133 pidiensis (TeretuluH) 133 Piuiephalfs 78,90 piuuiger (Euiieuuantbus) 83 Plucopbarynx cy, 90, 103, 107 planictips (Catostomuo) 163 platycephalus (Amiiuus) 28, 33, 87 platycepbalus (Piuielodua) 28 platyrbyncbus (,Miuomus) 102, 183 platyibyncbus (Pautostei^) .. 180, 188, 183 platyiby ncbus (Scapbiibyucbops) . . 87 platysloiiius (Lepidosteus) 71,87 pltibcius (CatOHtumuH) 101,184 plebeius (Miiiotiiuis) 184 plebeius (Pauiosteus) 102, 182, 184 plebejus ^Catostoiiius) 184 PcBcilicbtbys 59,75,89 pcecilura (Myxobtoma) 103, IIG, 128 Polyodou 71, 81, 90 PolyodoutiUio 71,81 Poiuolobtis 62, 77, 90 pomoti8(Acautha.cbU8) 83 Pomoxys 47, 76, 89 Potau]ucottn8 47, 57, 73, 88 piolixiitu (Canipo8totiia auoiuaium) 16, 49,63 promelaa (Pimepbales) 78, 84 proriger(Gila) 85 Ptycbu8tomu8 110, 113, 114, 136 puiictatuH (Icbtbiulurub) . . 33, 39, 43, 55, G9, 81,87 piinctulata (Microperca) 83 pyguinsa (Mbii8tU8 (lehthyobiis) 87 robiistus (Ptyobo8toniU8) 120 robustus (Toretuhis) 120 r()8tiatu8 (CatostomiiH) 174 rustratuH (Cypriuus) 174, 818 Page. nibellus (Notropis) 85 rubicuudus (Acipenaer) 71, 87 rvbricroceiis (HybopsiH) :)2 rubricroceuH (Hydropblox) 32, 64, 85 rubrifruns (Ceraticbtbyn) '■% 38,8(5 rubriiious (Nocomis) ^ 32, 3o rubrifrons (Notropis) 85 rutilineatas (Notbouotii8) 58, 82 rupestris (Ambloplites).. .40, 46, 60, 75, 83 salmoide8(AIicropteru8)..30, 35, 40, 46, 60, 75,83 BalmoDoum (Stizostethium).. .45,60,75,8!) 8almoneu8 (Esox) 84 Salmonidu) .16, 31,03 8aludanu8 (Alburnops) 16,85 Salveliuus 16,31,63,89 sanguitlnus (Nothonotus) 7b, 8i 8aDguiuoleutU8 (Xenotia) 31, 46, 61, 83 8ayaQU8 (Aphododerns) ,41, 17, 83 Bcabriceps (Episema) 85 Scapbirbyncbop8 90 SciiBnidaj 47, 61, 76 Scleroguathus 190, 193, 201, 205, 217 8Copiferu8 (Phenacobiua) 8ti seleue (Carpiodea) 102, 196 8elenop8 (Hyodou) 48, 62, 77,84 Setnotilus 26,38,43,54,68,80,90 Hhuiuardii (Imostoma) 8i 8icculiH (Labideatbes) 61, 76 SiluridiB 28, 33, 39, 43, 55, 69, 81 sinioterum (Dipluaiuni) 58, 73, 8^ siiuuiaiiH (lieniioplitea) 83 spatula (Litbolepia) 87 8pectabili8 (PoecilicbtbyH) 83 spectruuculiis (Alburnops) 64,85 spelffius (Auiblyopsis) 84 Bubterraneus (Typblicbthys) 84 Bucetta (CatostomuB) 144 sucetta (Cyprinus) 27, KiO, 140, 144 Hucetta (Eriniyzon), 27, 38, 43, 54, 69, (■'0,8(), 100, 101, 138, 144, 14i Bucetta (MoxoBtoma) M4 sucetta (Teretulus) 138 Bucklt>yi (CatostoinuB) ICT Buoklii (CatostomuB) 102, 167 BupercilioHUB (Hyborliynobus) 84 Bqimniicsps (Etbeostoma) Si Btolliferniu (Xonisina) 48,84 Btiginrsa (UoIeoBoraa) 45 BtigmiBa (Ulocentra) 45, B'J Btiginatnra (Codoma) 50 Btiginatnnm (PhotogoniB) ^'^ Btilbiiis (Notropis) 53 StizoBlethiuni 45, 60, 75, 89 BtoUoyi (lohtbyobUH) 101, 215,217 ' ■'•-- INDEX. 237 Pngo. Btramineus ( Alburnops) 85 gueurii (Catostomns) 12.' suenrii (Cyprinus) 101 Bueurii (Cyprinus (Catostomus)) . .. Wo Biieurii (Ptychostomus) 125 saem ii (Teretulus) 125 tahoousis (Catostomus) IGl, 173 Taiiridca 88 tanrus (Bubalichthys) 55,206 taurus (Carpiodes) 101, 206 telescopus ( Notropis) 65, 70, 85 teiiue (Moxostoma) 101, 146 touuis (Erimyzon) 146 teres (Catostomus).. 100, 101, 102, 159, 166 Teretulus 110, IV.i, 114,140 teretulus (Phenacobius) 86 tergiaus (Hyodoii) ..., 77, 84 teBsellata (Etbeostomn) 50, 83 Tetra};ouopterH8 80 texanus (Catostomus) 102, 167 thalasslua (Myxostoma) 131 tlittlassiuum (Myxostoma) 86, 117, 131 thalassinus (Notlionotus) 13, 82 tiialassinus (Ptychostomus) 102, 131 thalassinus (Teretulus) 131 thonipsoni (Carpiodes) 101, 195, 198 thonipsoni (Ichtbyobns) 108 tlioreauianus (Semotilus) 43 Thymallus 80 tilosii (Catostomus) 101, 174, 218 tricliroistia (Codotiia) 50, 85 Trislopsis , 88 trisigiiatum (Erimyzon) 163, 167 trisignatum (Moxostcmia) 102, 167 tnberculatns (Catostomus) 100, 145 tuiuidus (Carpiotles) 101, 190 tuini(lus(Icbthyobu8) 199 Typlilichtbys 89 Ulocentra 45,73,88 Uraiiidea 88 uranops (Phenacobius) 67, 79, 66 nruB (Bubalichtbys) ..69, 87, 101, 200, 209 uru8 (Carpiodes) 101, 201 , 209 ntog(Sclerognathu8) 206 Pago. vacca (Carpiodes) 101, 109 Vaillantia ty vandoisnla (Gila) 24, 85 vandoisnlus (Leuciscus) 24 variatus (Poeeilicbtbys) 75,82 velata (Moxostoma) 132 velata (Myxostoma) . 132 velatum (Moxostoma) 132 volatum (Myxostoma) 26, 68, 86, 1 02, 117, 132 velatum (Teretulus) 132 velatus (Ptychostomus) 102, 132 velatus (Teretulus) 132 veliler (Carpiodes) 86, 194, l'J6 velifer (Catostomus) 100,106 velifer (Ictbyobus) 196 Victoria} (Moxostoma) 27, 138 virescens (Pantosteus) 102, 182 viridis (Chifluobryttus) 15, 35, 83 V itrea (loa) 82 vitreum (Stizostethium) 60,83 vittata (Hemitremia) 05, 79, 85 vittatus (Catostomus) 100, 145 vitulus (Bubalichtbys) 206 vitulus (Carpiodes) 101 vulgaris (Auguilla), 20, 33, 30, 44, 55, 70, 81,87 vnlneratus (Nothonotus) 58, 82 winchelli (Centrarcbus) 53, 68, 86 wincbelli (Hybopsis) 53 xienocepbalus (Hydropblox) 49 xajuocepbalus (Hybopsis) 49 xiunura (Codoma) 37, 85 xujnurus (Miuuilus) 37 xanthocepbalus (Amiurus) 87 xauthopus (Catostomus) 163 Xenisma 48, 62, 77, 89 Xenotis '....31, 46,61,76,89 Xystroplites 61, 89 yarrowi (Pantosteus) 183 zanemus (Ceraticbtbys) 24,86 zoualis (Nothonotus) 58, 82 Zygonectes 31, 48, 62, 77, 89 •■ , ■ ? 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